Piers Plowman Glossary: Will's Visions of Piers Plowman, Do-Well, Do-Better and Do-Best (A Glossary of the English Vocabulary of the A, B, and C Versions)

PIERS PLOWMAN: THE THREE VERSIONS General Editor GEORGE KANE The p r e p a r a t i o n of t h i s volume was made pos...

Author: George Kane

29 downloads 1506 Views 16MB Size Report

This content was uploaded by our users and we assume good faith they have the permission to share this book. If you own the copyright to this book and it is wrongfully on our website, we offer a simple DMCA procedure to remove your content from our site. Start by pressing the button below!

Report copyright / DMCA form

DOWNLOAD PDF

PIERS PLOWMAN: THE THREE VERSIONS General Editor GEORGE KANE

The p r e p a r a t i o n of t h i s volume was made possible by a g r a n t from the N a t i o n a l Endowment for the Humanities, an independent federal agency. Any views, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this p u b l i c a t i o n do not n e c e s s a r i l y reflect those of the National E n d o w m e n t for the Humanities.

PIERS PLOWMAN: GLOSSARY

WILL'S VISIONS OF PIERS PLOWMAN, DO-WELL, DOBETTER AND DO-BEST A G L O S S A R Y OF THE E N G L I S H V O C A B U L A R Y OF THE A, B, AND C V E R S I O N S AS PRESENTED IN THE A T H L O N E E D I T I O N S

BY

GEORGE KANE

Ai continuum • W L O N D O N

•

NEW YORK

Continuum The Tower Building, 11 York Road, London SE17NX

15 East 26th Street, New York, NY 10010

© George Kane, 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Langland, William Piers Plowman. (Piers Plowman: the three versions). Will's Visions of Piers Plowman, Do-wel, Do-better and Do-best: A glossary of the English vocabulary of the A, B, and C versions as presented in the Athlone editions. 1. Title II. Kane, George. III. Series ISBN 0 8264 8602 9 HB Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Langland, William, 13307-1400? [Piers the Plowman] Will's visions of Piers Plowman, do-wel, do-better and do-best / glossary by George Kane p.

cm.— (Piers Plowman - the three versions)

"At head of title: Piers Plowman: Glossary, " "A glossary of the English vocabulary of the A, B, and C versions as presented in the Athlone editions. " ISBN 0 8264 8602 9 HB 1. Langland, William, 13307-1400? Piers the Plowman-Glossary. 2.English language—Middle English, 1100-1500—Lexicology, Glossaries, etc. 3. English language—Middle English, 1100-1500— Etymology. 4. Christian Poetry, English (Middle)-Language, style. 5. Christian Poetry, English (Middle). 6. Civilization, Medieval-Poetry. I. Kane, George, 1916-. II. Series: Langland, William, 13307-1400? Piers the Plowman (Three Versions)

Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall

CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

vii

INTRODUCTION

The Glossary as an Undertaking Choosing Instances

ix x

Arrangement

xi

Etymologies

xii

Abbreviations

xiii

GLOSSARY

1

v

This page intentionally left blank

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The production of this glossary was handsomely funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities for the two years 1987-1989. Of these I spent the first as N.E.H. Fellow at the National Humanities Center in the Research Triangle of North Carolina. I am deeply obliged to the Endowment for its generous support and to the Center and its officers for a year in an agreeable setting among stimulating company and for the use of its excellent library service and support facilities. I am further deeply obliged to the officers of the Endowment for their ready and sympathetic understanding when early in 1991 it became apparent that if the glossary was ever to be finished I must first turn my hand, for almost seven years as it proved, to other activity. Of personal obligations my greatest is to Professor Joseph S. Wittig who, throughout the preparation of this glossary, has put his time and his computer expertise at my disposal to an extent far beyond the call of friendship. At the outset he made the project feasible by reducing some 150,000 words into what became 5,000 odd headwords, and contributed to it by rewarding discussion while I arranged those headwords in lexicographical sequence. More recently by arcane methods that I do not pretend to understand he transferred the provisional first-draft glossary text from 1991 vintage Microsoft Word files into files with not merely the requisite peculiars but also the various typefaces appropriate to a glossary. Beginning in June 2002 he provided as required copies of the draft glossary in this new format for me to enter in longhand my revisions and corrections accumulated over the years, and then files for the entry of these into what became the glossary's unchecked draft final form. For a week in the summer of 2004 he worked so-to-speak side by side with me counterchecking my list of corrections to that draft. After supervising the insertions of these into its text he set up the resulting glossary in page format as camera-ready copy. For indispensable help at the first stage I am obliged to Mrs Cheryl Baxley, who put my original longhand glossary of B words into files as I produced it and, that completed, added to it, again from longhand, the A and C components of the consolidated glossary. For equally indispensable help at the last stage I am once more indebted to Dr Venetia Somerset, who entered my longhand corrections and last-minute revisions in the files prepared for that purpose. The material of this glossary is resistant to uniform presentation: Dr

Somerset deserves a good part of the credit for such system as it has. Ms. Mary Raschko, at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, very efficiently entered the final corrections. It goes without saying that for any surviving errors of reference the blame is mine. Beyond these specific personal obligations I am sensible of a general debt. It begins with Dr Walter Skeat from whose Glossarial Index of the three versions all subsequent attempts upon the language of Piers Plowman including this present one are descended. After him I name in a group the authors of the many erudite publications about the poem since the 1950s when the bickering about authorship had subsided. At one time or another I have read most of them to my advantage. Among reference books I single out John Alford's invaluable Piers Plowman: A Glossary of Legal Diction, which has brilliantly clarified the milieu and action of Passus II, III and IV in all three versions and their development in the course of the poet's revisions. As for the Middle English Dictionary and the AngloNorman Dictionary, it is hard to remember how insecure one felt without them. With its wealth of instances MED has dismissed all excuses for the 'best-guess' glossing of Middle English texts; the editors of AND have put an end to some mistaken notions about the Middle English language and English post-Conquest culture. GEORGE KANE

viii

INTRODUCTION THE GLOSSARY AS AN UNDERTAKING The purpose of this glossary is to identify the contextual meaning or meanings of each English word or word used as if English in the three forms of Piers Plowman of the Athlone editions, and to illustrate these meanings by references to the texts. That illustration is complicated by several features of the material. The immediate one is the morphological and orthographic variety of the language of the texts, a consequence of the very different circumstances of their preservation. The language of A, the earliest form, in a manuscript copied about 1400 in a good anglicana formata hand with a London look, exhibits a variety of dialect features reflecting a succession of copyings by various scribes over almost 30 years. The second form, B, in London English of about 1400, was copied or overseen by an evident stickler for such grammatical inflexion as was still in good usage in his time. The third, or C form, is in the very distinctive dialect of S. W. Worcestershire. The striking mixture of forms and spellings created by this situation is necessarily a consideration in the choice of examples. Another complication arises from the grammar of the poet's style. The generically defining feature of his verse system, alliteration in conventional positions, twice before and once following a grammatically or rhetorically tolerable caesura, results in his quite often departing from customary prose order. At the same time a primary convention of his genre, the dream-vision, postulates a first-person narrator, a speaking voice, performance rhythm. Where his sense is at all complex, his language satisfying those two conventional requirements often demands a reader's close attention, in particular to the syntax on which his discourse is based and to which it answers. Beyond that at times it appears that the poet is deliberately exploiting this tension. Between them the linguistic variety of the texts and their author's manner of proceeding can obscure that syntax and so add to the lexicographer's responsibilities. But the most challenging feature of his undertaking is the undebatable remoteness of the substance of the poem, an intellectually honest man's response to the major religious, thus cultural and in our language social crisis of his time, of a nature quite alien to the libertarian world of today. Many of the terms in which he represents

that crisis and his reactions to it, to the extent that they are at all meaningful nowadays, are bound to differ in precise denotation, let alone connotation, from their modern descendants. Thus, for instance, charite, conscience, leaute, pardon, reson, treuthe, along with many others, demand special attention if that remoteness is to be reduced. CHOOSING INSTANCES Nouns are defined in terms of their immediate contextual sense, taking the tone and register of that context into account. Wherever there might seem any question or debate decision is made after consideration of the evidence afforded in MED. When a noun has more than one main meaning each is severally identified and illustrated. When the headword for a verb is its infinitive that form carries the sense, which is not repeated for other parts of the verb as long as it is apt. But shades of meaning among the instances are separately illustrated. If a word has more than one main meaning each is separately treated. Modal verbs, sometimes miscalled auxiliary, can, may, shall and will in particular, as main vectors of meaning in Middle English receive extended treatment. This is intended both to counteract the tendency to treat them as mere markers of tense or mood, and because their morphology in the three texts is by no means always clear or consistent. Adjectives denoting certain qualities such as true, false, fair, foul, good, evil, and adverbs of degree are illustrated by instances chosen to illustrate the wide variety of contextual meanings they can carry. Conjunctions receive similar treatment, in their case designed to illustrate their function of maintaining the flow of relevance while indicating the register and tone likely to be adopted by the speaker of the poem reading 'his' work aloud. Prepositions with a few exceptions can differ considerably in meaning from their modern descendants; this has been illustrated at some length. In the case of a number of prepositional phrases where the expression and some of its senses have survived into modern usage illustration is generally limited to the meanings no longer current. Tropes are a special case. Personification is identified where a physical or spatial attribute, state of mind or action or a combination of these is reported of an abstraction. It becomes difficult in particular instances such as Charity and Conscience and Meed, which vary in precise sense from context to context. In such cases X

the likely immediate sense is given with instances. Metonymy and synecdoche, by their frequency reflecting the poet's reading of thirteenth- and early fourteenth-century devotional verse and estates satire, are labelled as such only in what seemed the more difficult cases; otherwise their tropic character is signalled by 'fig'. The poet is rhetorically sophisticated: what the glossary calls 'double modification' in the entry for rauysshed was classically labelled a stylish form of zeugma. As a practical consideration, because a user of this glossary will not necessarily have the other two forms of the poem to hand as he reads, examples of a meaning are given from all the versions where this occurs. ARRANGEMENT The sequence of entries departs from that of the modern alphabet in some accommodations to the spelling of the fourteenth- and fifteenth-century scribes. These have to do with the following letters. The letter i is often used initially to represent the sound we give to j and g before e and i. When it has that value at the beginning of a word scribes often write it as a 'long i'. The glossary treats it as j in these instances. In the proximity of n or m or u with a vowel value scribes often used y in its place, to set it apart from the minims used to form those three letters. So used y is treated like i in the serial order. The letter y is almost always used for i as the perfective prefix of a past participle. The letter u and v cause no difficulty in the initial position, where u is not used in our manuscripts with consonant value; v, however, is invariably used with vowel value initially before n, and sometimes before m. In such use it is treated as u in the sequence. The letter u, however, after a stressed syllable, can have the value we give it, or that of v, or that of w. The difficulties produced by the resulting homographs already troubled the scribes, and have had to be resolved by the combined resources of context and etymology. Luckily not many words are in question and they are close together. In the initial position, y (except in past participles) and 3 have the value of y, and as such are treated as the same letter; medially before a stressed syllable the same applies. Our scribes did not distinguish between 3 and z. Medially and terminally 3 very occasionally appears with the value of voiced s. Medially 3 may have the value of 'gh' (as in riji) and is then treated as 'gh'. The letter J) is treated in the sequence as equivalent to 'th'. xi

Finally chirche and kirke are glossed together under chirche', gate andjate are glossed together under yate; gyuen andyeuen are glossed together under yeuen. The sequence of reference to illustrations is B, A, C, the A and C references headed appropriately. References to the last two passus of B and C are given as B references from XIX/XXI and XX/XXII. The very rare references to independent variation by C in this part of the text are cited as from that version. Selection of headwords differs with the parts of speech. For a verb the infinitive from B or, failing that, another version, is almost always preferred; failing that a finite form is chosen. With nouns a singular is preferred, with adjectives and adverbs positive rather than comparative or superlative. When a headword appears in other distinctive forms these are usually listed after it. The order of citation for verbs, after arrangement by meanings, is indicative, subjunctive, imperative and participial, and within those categories, where applicable, by tense, person and number. The order of meanings chosen is usually that of immediate importance in the poem, roughly assessed by frequency of occurrence. ETYMOLOGIES Old English etymologies are given in the form most likely to have generated the headword. The etymologies of words of Romance origin are described as Anglo-French, the term preferred by the modern editors of the Anglo-Norman Dictionary. In the case of words of manifestly Romance origin that do not have an antecedent in the AND I have turned to MED. Where such a word is instanced there in a text or texts dated before 1360 I have assumed that it was available to the author of Piers Plowman in an English text or spoken English, while signalling the more speculative instances with an asterisk. Words of Old Scandinavian origin will have come into English usage from the first settlements in the late ninth century onward, while the earliest written records of Old Icelandic date from the eleventh. It is therefore better offered for comparison than as a source of direct descent. Very occasionally MED gives an Old Danish etymon; here I have to assume that its editor had information that I lack. For etymons from Old Irish and the various Germanic languages of the Low Countries and Northwest Germany I am in debt to MED.

xii

ABBREVIATIONS abs(olute accusative adj(ective adju(nct adv(erb/erbial advers(ative AF Anglo-French alliterative app (os ition/ositive art(icle assev(eration attr(ibutive auxiliary caus(ative CF Continental French cl(ause cogn(ate collective colloc(ation colloq(uial comp(arative/arison complement conjunction construction corr (elating/elative cp compare dat(ive definite deg(ree dem (onstrative diminutive dir(ect dis (tingu ish ing distr(ibution/itive EFris East Frisian ellip(sis/tical EME Early Middle English emph (as is/as izing/atic excl(amation expr(essed/esss ing fem(inine fig(urative

following fr(om fut(ure gen(itive gener(ic ger(und imperative impers(onal impl(ied/ying inclusive ind(icative/irect indefinite indicating inf(initive infl(ected/uenced int(ensifier interrogative intr(ansitive Intro (ducing/ductory L Latin limitation/iting WE Late Old English masc(uline MDu Middle Dutch ME Middle English me ton (y my ML Medieval Latin MLG Middle Low German modifying n(oun neg(ation/ative neut(er nom(inative num(eral obj(ect/ective ODan Old Danish OE Old English OFris Old Frisian OI Old Icelandic Olr Old Irish OSc Old Scandinavian Xlll

particularizing pa(st pers(on/onification/ onified phr(ase pl(ural poss(essive postpositive pp past participle pr(esent preceding pred(icate/icative prep(osition prob(ably pron(oun prp present participle q(uestion qual(ity qualif(ication/ying recte correctly red(uced ref(erence/erent refl(exive rel(ative/igious restrictive sbody somebody, someone seq(uence sg singular sthing something subj (ect/ective/ unctive subordinate superlative synec(doche t(ense trans (itive transl(ation/ating unexpr(essed uninfl(ected v(erb w. with wk weak, weakened

This page intentionally left blank

PIERS PLOWMAN GLOSSARY

This page intentionally left blank

A abeggeth adv. in phr. go(th) ~ live by begging C VIII 138, 245. [ME] abeln. Abel C X 247. abide v. 1. stay, remain II 215, A II 196, C I 133; imp.pl. C X 225; wait patiently XI 378, XX/XXII 46; pr.t.pl XV 313; wait C VIII 287; linger VIII 64, A IX 55, C IV 35. 2. pr.t.Ssg. remain firm in morals A VII 138; prp. as adj. steadfast, perseverant XIX/XXI 294, C XVIII 135. [OE dbidan] abie(n), abuye, abigge(n), abugge(n) v. pay the penalty for, be punished for III 251, A VII 73, C VIII 83; pay for C VIII 41; pa.t.3sg. XII 42, XIII 375, C VI 247, XIII 16; suffer for XVIII 403, C XX 446; pa.t.3sg. IX 146, C X 234; pi. X 286; pp. atoned for, expiated XVIII 388, C XX 430; intr. pay the penalty II 128, VI 166, A VII 151, C II 144; pay w. suffering IX 91, C XVI 221. [OE dbycgan] abyngdoun n. Abingdon in Berkshire X 331. abite v. bite to death, kill XVI 26; fig. pr.t.3sg. C XVIII 32; pi. XVI 26. [OE dbitan] ablende v. overpower w. brilliance XVIII 137, C XX 140; pa.t.3sg. dazzled XVIII 325, C XX 368. [OE dblendan] ablyndej) v. pr.t.3sg. deprives of sight X 270. [OEdblindan] abostede v. pa.t.Bsg. spoke insolently to C VIII 152. [? error for a bostede] aboute adv. 1. of location around V 518, A VI 6, C VII 163; ofdistr. on all sides II 225, A II 184, C II 235; everywhere I 92, A II 17, C I 88; here and there XV 329, C XVI 338; around VII 145, A XII 61, C IX 294; in every direction XX/ XXII 164, C XIII 134; in all regions C IX 153. 2. of motion about, around, from place to place Pr 29, 151, II 177, A Pr 40, VII 286, C IX 107, XVII 279; in all directions VIII 40, A IX 36, C X 46; from all sides A II 43; bynde ~ reenforce w. tie-beams VII 28, A VIII 30; comeb ~ comes to be IX 208, A X 217. [OE onbutan] aboute(n) prep. 1. of location around Pr 161, XIX 362, C Pr 184; post. V 586, A VI 73; round about II 62, A VII 161,

a pron. masc.sg. he C Pr 72, 173, II 100; such a one C II 108, III 486, XVI 146; each one, each man C III 89. [OE he red.] apron, fern.sg. she C II 17, 149, 254, III 115, 180, V 135, VI 225. [OE heo red.] a num.adj. one, one single Pr 192, III 145, V421, XV 166, XVI 222, XX 312, A I 99, IV 142, VI 118, X I , C VI 336, VIII 35, XX 41; one particular, a certain XV 397, XVIII 194, C XI 69, XVII 105. [OE an red.] aexcl.: in address 143, XVII 127, A I 41, C I 41, IV 164; in admiration XIII 448, C VII 108; intro. a heraldic identification XVIII 15, C X X 1 3 . [AF] a(n) indef. art. Pr 1, 2, 3 A Pr 6, 8, C Pr 8, 15; ech~ every Pr51, 208, C VI 245, 1X116. [OEan] a(n)prep. on 190, XII 202, XVI 172, A IV 32, C II 58, XV 19; in XIII 401, A VIII 115, C IX 154, 282, XIX 98; ~ auenture lest by chance III 66, VI 42, A III 259; ~ day the following day VI 308, AV11292, C VIII 330; ~ fyndyng endowed XX/XXII 383; ~ hei3 high above Pr 128, XIX 191, C V 186; up Pr 13, A P r l 3 ; into a pulpit XI 107, C XII 41; in a loud voice XV 559, C XVII 222; tall, in command C VI 124; ~ helyng recovering XVII 118; ~ lechyng in the physician's care C XIX 75; ~ rebukyng reproachfully XII 218; ~ three in the form of three men C XVIII 241; -to in two CXX61. [OE on] Aaron n. Aaron (Exod. 4.10) A III 243. abasshed, abashet;?;?. afraid X 292, C VI 17; anxious, apprehensive C XV 162; embarrassed, ashamed XX 48, C IX 86. [AF abasser] abate v. trans, reduce XII 59; prevent swelling (caused by a diet of) A VII 169. [AF abatre] abaue v. imp.sg. abash, subdue, keep in check VI 215, A VII 201, C VIII 225. [CF abaubir] abbesse n. superior of a convent of nuns V 153, C V 176, fig. VII 138, A VIII 120. [AF abesse] abbot n. abbot X 331, C V 176. [OE abbod] a b e alphabet VII 138, A VIII 120. abeddeac/v. in bed V410, A X 190, C VI 44; to bed V 388 [ME] 3

aboute(n) - ac(c)ounte

Glossary

C VI 180; hath ~ hym carries on his person CXV 162. 2. of time roundabout V 492, C VII 132. 3. concerning; w., about 16, VII 123, A VIII 112, C XIII 226. [fr. prec.] aboute adj. 1. concerned, busy IV 81, XVIII 305, A IV 68, C X 190. 2. post, of location nearby, in the vicinity I 95, V 147, A II 123, C X 266; anywhere VIII 12, A IX 12, CX 12. [as prec.] aboue adv. to a state of bliss C XIII 22. [OE abufan] aboue adj. 1. of location higher up C XVIII 86; on top V 194, XIX/XXI 280. 2. of rank at the head XV 441; fig. at the head of XIX/XXI 470. [as prec.] aboue(n) prep. 1. of location above XI 357, C XIII 166. 2. of authority, ascendancy above VIII 96, XI 219, XIV 290, A IX 86, C XII 74; of degree beyond, more than X 361, C XVI 34, XIX 102. [as prec.] aboute see ABIE(N). abraham n. the patriarch (Gen. 17) XVI 81, C VIII 281. abrede in phr. in breadth C III 260. [OE onbrede] abribeth adv. thieving C VIII 245. [ME: cp. AF bribour] abrood, abroed adv. 1. out and about II 177; yeden ~ spread over the earth XIV 61, C XV 260. 2. fig. abundantly V 141. 3. vnlouke ~ spread, stretch out C 1X43. [ME] absences absence XIX/XXI 124. [AF] absoloun n. Absolon (2 Sam. 3) C III 408. absolucion n. remission of sin VII 64, A VIII 66. [AF] abstinence n. pers. frugality, moderation in eating and drinking V 620, VII 138, A VI 106, VIII 120, C VII 272; observance of the rules of fasting V 383, AV211, C VI 440. [cp. AF abstiner] ac conj. 1. simply advers. but Pr 13, III 64, A III 57, VIII 134, C III 500, VII 32; in, by contrast III 186, IV 36, A VII 300, X 71, C I 125, III 258; on the contrary III 291, 1X178, A VIII 49, XI 77, C IV 55, X 262; whereas, on the other hand VI 218, XIII 60, A Pr 35, I 119, C IX 98, 252. 2. w. modal quality however Pr 176, IV 32, A III 97, V 142, C II 248, VIII 308; nevertheless IV 81, V463, A III 76, VII 188, C Pr 101, V

94. 3. imp.Urn. but V 22, VII 19, A I 25, VII 135, C XII 133, XIV 135; qualif. Pr 107, I 25, A Pr 35, 87, C II 67, III 291. 4. intro. new topic however 144, XII 214, XIII 131, A VII 188, C VII 69, XIII 1, XIV 166; now XV 579. 5. intro. reenforcing consideration moreover Pr81, II 234, III 11, A IX 18, X66, 95, CPr62, 78, V 90; and indeed Pr5, IV 136, VI 321, A VI 110, X 10, C VIII 51, XI 66, XVII 293. 6. corr. ~ ... ~ however ... but XII 59, 60; by contrast ... moreover XIII 40-41; however ... by contrast XIV 73, 75; but ...indeed XV 227, 228; by contrast ... all the more XVIII 375, 377, C XX 417, 419. [OEflc] acale adj. cold XVIII 394, C XX 437. [OEdcol pp.] accidie n. in phr. hadde an ~ was overcome by a fit of lethargy V 359, C VI 417. [AF] accuseb v. pr.t.Ssg. impugns, charges w. offence III 174, A III 161, C III 220; pa.t.3sg. CPr95, II248. [AF accuser] acloye v. pr.subj.pl. maim, disable C XX 294. [AF endoyer. cp. CF endore] acombre v. burden, oppress II 51; pr.t.pl XII55.CXIV 17; imp.sg. C II 54; pp. I 196, A I 177, C I 198; defeat, overcome XIX/XXI 220; pp. I 32, C I 31. [AF acombrer] acordaunce n. grammatical agreement, concord C III 337, 395. [AF] acorden v. 1. agree, come to terms III 218, AV177, C VI 386; of an arranged marriage IX 118; be reconciled XX/XXII 353; pr.t.pl. XVII 309, C XIX 289. 2. be of one mind, agree XIII 122, C V 183; pr.t.Ssg. IV 91, A IV 78, C VIII 242; pi. C III 472; pa.t.Ssg. IV 158, XX/XXII 303, A IV 144; pi. XVIII 234, C XX 243; pr.subj.pl. (of law) reach agreement, settlement C III 393; trans, pr. subj. sg. A X 88. 3. approve, assent III 319; pa.t.Ssg. -til CXI 310; trans. pa.t.3sg. approved of XI 43. 5. of grammatical concord agree Jig. C III 372; pr.t.Ssg. C III 362, fig. C III 356. [AF acorder] acorse see ACURSEI>. acountable adj. responsible C XIII 67. [AF acomptable, acounte} ac(c)ounte n. calculation, audit C XIII 35; 4

Glossary assessment of taxes or dues XIX/XXI 462; pi. accounts, financial statements V 427, C VIII 40; the Exchequer A Pr 91; pi. fig. moral reckoning VII 194, A VIII 172, C IX 340; time of accounting, judgement at death VI 89, A VII 81, C VIII 98. [AF] acounten v. 1. hold a reckoning, assessment IV 11, XI 132, C VII 33; submit an account, be accountable C XI 297. 2. set store by, value XI 16; pr.t.3sg. C III 393; pi. C VIII 159; pa.t.3sg. XIX/XXI 412; pp. ~ for judged to be C IX 240; pr.t.pl. take account of, respect C X 96. [AF acounter] acouped v. pa.t.3sg. reproached XIII 458. [AF acouper] acquitaunce n. document of release XIV 190. [AF] acre, aker, akir n. in phr. half~ Piers's holding VI 4, A VII 98, C VIII 2; holding C VI 267. [OE <ecer} actif adj. engaged in worldly activity, active VI 249, A VII 233; busy, diligent XIII 272; pers. as proper n. XIII 238, C VII 299; sire ~ C XV 232; the adjective 'active'XIII 225. [AF] action n. 1. cause or ground for a lawsuit C I 94. 2. pi. acts, deeds C V 196. [AF acciori] acursej) v. pr.t.Ssg. condemns, anathemizes XVIII 107; pa.t.Ssg. C XVIII 222; pr.subj.sg. consign to perdition Pr 99, C Pr 127; pp. A X 155; pp. execrable XV 413; reviled XVIII 93, C XXII 263. [cp. OE cursian] aday adv. one day C I 27. [ME] adayes adv. from day to day XV 283. [ME] adam n. the first man 165, A I 63, CI61. addre, addere n. serpent XVIII 335, 354, C XX 315, 326, 378. [OE rueddre] See NEDDRES.

adiectyff?. adjective C III 336. [AF] ado n. in phr. litel ~ no business, no good reason C V 163. [EME at do] adoun adv. down IV 92, A V 7, 98, C Pr 64. [OEddun] adrad pp. adj. afraid XIX/XXI 21, 305. [OE ddrd?dari\ adrencheth, adreynten v. pr.t.pl. die by drowning C X 163; pa.t.pl. X 414; pp. destroyed by the deluge C X 245. 2.

ac(c)ounte - after drugged, stupified XX/XXII 377. [OE ddrencan} afeld adv. afield, onto the field IV 147, A IV 130, CVIII 198. [ME] afere v. strike fear into XX/XXII 166; pr.t.Bsg. terrifies XVIII 430, C XX 474; pp. in awe of I 10, X 452, A I 10 C I 10; afraid IV 63, C VIII 179; apprehensive, anxious XI 63, XV 385. [OEdferan] aferes n. pi. manners, ways C VI 152. [AF afere] affaitenv. subdue V 66, A V 49, C VI 7; pr.t.pl. train, teach XI 384; imp.sg. C VIII 30; pr.t.Ssg. in phr. ~ from disposes against XIV 299. [AFafaiter} affiaunce n. assurance, confidence XVI 238, C XVIII 254. [AF] affrayned v. pa.t.sg. asked XVI 274 [ME: cp.frayned] afyngred/?/?. adj. hungry X 60, A XII 59, CXI48. [OE ofhyngrod] afore adv. in advance XIV 134. [OE on foran] afore prep, in front of, before V 12; in the sight of XII 79. [fr. prec.] afrounted v. pa.t.Bsg. abused, vilified XX/XXII 5. [AF afrounter] after adv. 1. of location behind, in train, after Pr 54, XIII 34, A V 157, C II 192, 200; in pursuit XVII 62, 83, C XV 150, XIX 80. 2. of time then, thereupon, subsequently II 192, V 186, A I 66, II 153, C Pr 16, III 103, VIII 3; thenceforward, thereafter Pr 49, V 116, 251, XIII 3, A VIII 4, X 151, C III 250, 340, 443, VI 252; presently, in due course Pr 218, III 314, VII 163, A Pr 97, C IX 182, XII 68, 203; a second time A VIII 32; anoon ~ immediately XI 46, C XII 3; so muchel ~ such great consequences Pr 202, C Pr 210. 3. of sequence in turn, next II 102, V 321, VII 139, A XI 67, 245, C VI 71, XI 116, XII 145. 4. of conformity accordingly 1146, A I 134, C III 342. 5. Indus, to boot, as well II 134, III 46, 262, X128, 385, A III 241, XI 221, CX 193, XIII 14, XV 167. [OE after] after prep. 1. of time after 1129, V 453, A V 2 0 1 , C II 109. 2. of order or rank next after 1112, 1X60, A I 110. 3. of conformity or accordance like II 27, IX 155, XV 416, XVII 140, C II 27; in

after - ale

Glossary

accordance w. XII 188, XIV 60, XVII 18, A XII 94, C VIII 90, XVII 160; according to the teaching of XII 183, C XIV 123; in compliance w. X 156, A XI 108; according to XIX/XXI 352, C IX 110; in keeping w. Ill 318, XIX/XXI 123, C III 471; by XIX/XXI 398; is to mene ~ derives from XV 459. 4. indie, obj. ofv. for I 193, III 101, V 75, A VII 280, C II 80, III 249, VIII 278; about V 536, A VI 24, C VII 181; to, for III 71, VI 172, XI 342, A III 62, C VIII 168; ellip. XX/XXII 183; toward XII 180, C Pr 14; at XVI 87, C XVIII 119; of XIII 184; Menynge (as) ~ intent on XV 405, 475. [asprec.] afterward(es), aftirward, afturward adv. afterwards XVI 228, A XI 181, C I 64; then IV 171, A XI 171; next XVII 131, C XVII 63. [OE tefterweard] afuyre adj. on fire C VII 52; burning C XVI 180. [ME] afurst, aprest pp. adj. thirsty X 60, A XII 82, CIX85, XX 437. [OE ofyyrstpp.] agag n. Agag (1 Sam. 15) III 262, A III 241, CIII 415. agast pp. adj. afraid XIX/XXI 299; dismayed XIII 267; ~ for to in fear of II 214, A II 173, C II 224. [fr. v.] agastep v. pr.t.Ssg. frightens off, subdues XIV 281. [ME: cp. OE gestan] age«. age XII 7, C XVIII 245; inphr. of twelf wynter ~ twelve years old V 195, A V 111, C VI 203; of ~ mature XX/XXII 159, C X 249; fig. old age XX/XXII 189. [AF] aglotye v. feed sufficiently C IX 76. [AF glutir, englutir] ago pp. past, ago XVIII 274. [OE dgdn] ague, aguwe n. violent fever, illness accompanied by fever XIII 335, C VI 79; pi. XX/XXII 84. [AF] agulte(n) v. 1. transgress, do wrong XV 309, C XVII 44. 2. tr. offend by sin XIV 8, XV 392, C VI 17; pa.t.lsg. XVII 300, C XIX 280. [OEagyltan] ay adv. 1. always, at all times VIII 48, A IX 44, C VIII 218; constantly X 32, A XI 24, C V 95, XVII 146; eternally IX 49, A X 37, C XVIII 232. 2. progressively XVIII 362, C III 137, XIII 4. [OSc.: cp. OI ei\ aiels n. grandfathers, ancestors XV 323. [AF]

aysches n. pi. ashes C III 126. [OE <esce\ aipesw. harrows XIX/XXI 273. [OE egpe] akep v. pr.t.Ssg. aches VI 256, A VII 240; pa.subj.pl pained me XVII 197, C XIX 163. [OEacan] aknowe v. pp. perceived, known C IX 86. [OE oncndwan] al, all, alle adj. 1. w. sg. n. the entire amount, all, all of Pr 177, 231, A II 24, 61, CPr20, 100; of time the whole (of) Pr49, II 94, VI 256, A V 212, C I 75, III 41, V 101. 2. the entire number (of a group or class), all P r l l 9 , 175, 186, A Pr 55, II 11, 65, C II 122, 201; separative sg. every XX/XXII 151, A X 201. 3. post. mod. pron. Pr 70, 153, I 14, A I 52, 67, 140, C V 168, VII 250, XI 258, XII 186; gen.pl. oure/youre aller XVI 205, XIX/XXI 471. 4. emph. alle w. sg. n. XIII 143, XIV 303, XVII 307, CIII 386, VI 13, XVII 141; ouereverywhere II 221. [OE eat] al, all«. each man V 151, 274, XI 138, C II 77, XII 73; all, everything, the whole I 36, II 87, III 269, A V 228, X 34, XI 218, CPr 115, III 351, 354; pi. alle all I 120, 128, II 160, 196, A II 46, VIII 45, X 45, C I 14, 132, V 59; of the Trinity w. sg. v. XVI 224. [as adj.] al adv. entirely, wholly Pr 26, 190, 131, A VII 183, X 179, C VIII 187, XII 50; utterly C III 203, XI 60; quite II 164, C XVI 114; profusely VI 175, XIII 402, A VII 160, C VIII 172; intently X 4, C XI 4; fiercely C V 162; ~ aboute in all regions C IV 183; in all directions C XIII 134; as int. C VI 23, XX 290. [fr. adj.] alay n. base metal used in adulteration XV 349. [AF] alayed pp. fig. mixed w. inferior metal XV 353, C XVII 80. [AFaleier] alarmeejcc/. 'to arms!' XX/XXII 92. [AF] albertes n. Albert's, of Albertus Magnus X217, A XI 160. alday adv. time and again XV 359, C XVII 97. [ME] aldremen n. pi. aldermen, wardens of guilds, borough magistrates C IV 188. [OE aldormon] alen. 1. ale V 177, A V 167, C VI 228; as a usual drink w. food V 437, C IX 156; (a) drinking session(s) Pr 42, V 403, VI 115, A VII 107, X 59, C IX

6

ale - amendement

Glossary

almy3ty, almyhten, almi3t adj. omnipotent, almighty XII 154, C I 111. [OE ealmihtig] almoost, almest adv. nearly, almost IV 174, C III 209. [cp. OE eall(e) mast] aloft(e) adv. up C VI 410; on high C I 113; out of hell XVIII 145, C XX 148; in elevation C XX 44; as adj. in great state C Pr 177; of birds nesting in trees XII 220. [ME: cp. OI a lopt(i)] along adv. in phr. drawe ~ stretch V 208, A V 124, C VI 216. [cp. OE andlang prep.] alonged pp. adj. eager, longing VI 267, A VII 251. [OEoflangod] alose v. praise C XIX 103. [AF aloser] aloud adv. loudly C VI 23; w. a loud voice XIX/XXI 159, C II 134; sternly C XX 360. [ME] alou3, alogh adv. below XII 234; as adj. of birds nesting on the ground XII 220. [ME] also, alse, als adv. 1. intro. likewise, similarly Pr 199, IV 168, XI 310, C V 53, 182; in addition X 166, XIV 3, C I 78, 87; post, as well Pr217, III 72, A Pr 96, V 144, C II 150, IX 77; likewise VI 249, XI 89, A IV 53, VII 141, C XVII 93, XIX 108; similarly XV 266, XVIII 343, C V I 1 1 2 , 1X77. 2. dem. thus 1X179, XI 94, A X 200. 3. corr. as III 331, IV 195, A II 122, XI 95, C XVI 347. [OEealswd] alboii3 conj. even though XII 14; notwithstanding that XVIII 330, C XX 373; granted that XI 259, 270, C II 124. [ME] alwey adv. at all times VIII 24, A IX 20, C X 28; constantly XV 313. [cp. OE ealne weg] am see BEN. amaistren, amaistrye v. get control of II 148, A VII 197, C II 164; persuade, compel C VIII 220; pp. won over II 154, A II 118, C II 170. [AF amaistrer] amalec, amalek, amaleg n. Amalek (1 Sam. 15) III 262, A III 241, C III 415. ambrosen. Ambrose, bishop of Milan XIII 39, CXV44. amendement n. 1. reversal of (an unfavourable) judgement XX/XXII 135. 2. correction C III 122; edification, conversion X 369. 3. atonement and forgiveness CV1 102. [AF]

195. [OEealu] aleggen v. adduce in argument XI 89, C XII 30; pp. A XII 107. [AF aleger] alenghe adv. in phr. ~ and abrede to its full extent, from one end to the other C III 260. [ME: cp. OE andlong, AF en long] aliche adv. equally XVI 57. [OE onllce] aliens, alienes n. pi. foreigners III 211, A III 198, C III 267. [AF] alyhte v. pa.t.Bsg. descended C XI 141. [OE allhtan] aliry adv. in phr. leide hir leg ~ pretended to be malformed or maimed VI 122, A VII 114, C VIII 129. [cp. OE lyre] alisaundre n. Alexander the Great XII 44. alisaundre, alisandre n. Alexandria in Egypt V 528, A VI 16, C XVII 272. alyue adj. alive VIII 116, XX/XXII 110. [ME] alkenamye n. alchemy X 217, A XI 160. [ML alconomia] alias, alas excl. of contrition V 71, A V 54, C VI 170; of regret XV 128, C XVI 274; w. quasi-obj. complement ~ bat IX 66, CXVI 1. [AF] allie n. associate, ally A X 47. [AF] allonea<#. alone XI 344. [ME] allouable adj. acceptable as a concept C XVII 130. [AF] alowaunce, allouance n. 1. approbation, acceptance XI 221. 2. credit of mercy and forgiveness XIV 110, C XV 286; a sum of money credited C IX 270. [AF alouance] allowe v. 1. give credit for XVI 233, C XVIII 250; pr.Usg. C XVII 136; pr.Upl. esteem XIV 311, C XVI 145; pa.t.pl. commended XV 4; pp. C III 205; pp. rewarded X 439, XII 290, C VIII 249, XII 195, XIV 212; commended XV 4; valued X 441. 2. pr.t.Ssg. permits C III 74; pp. admitted, tolerated XIII 435, C VII 95. [AFalouer] almaries n. cabinets XIV 247, C XVI 87. [AF] almesded n. work of charity, alms-giving XIII 412, C VII 72; flg.pl V 594, C VII 242. [OE celmesded] almesfull adj. liberal in charitable giving C VMS. [OE elmesfult] almesse n. charitable gift, alms VI 127, A VII 119, C I X 1 4 1 ; / ? / . A VII 134, C IX 96; doon ~ practise almsgiving III 75. [OE <elmesse] 7

amenden - any

Glossary

amenden v. 1. repair V 266, VII 27, A VIII 29, C III 65; abs. carry out repairs C XVII 202; relieve (sbody's distress), come to the aid of IX 78, 85, X 61, A XI 47; abs. help, do good XI 210; put to rights XIII 207; correct (conduct, a fault) V 134, 187, C XIX 334; pp. XI 104; (a person, persons) VII 15, X 274, C V 170, XVII 225; pr. subj. sg. XV 249, XIX/XXI 442; refl. XII 195, XIV 20; pr.subj.pl. XV 109, C XVI 263; imp.sg. XII 10; pi. inpers. V 596, A VI 83, C VII 244. 2. correct, discipline III 94, XV 562, A III 83, C XVII 225; pr.subj.sg. C Pr 215. 3. improve (their) lot IX 78. 4. make amends for IV 90, XVIII 341, A IV 77, C IV 92. 5. forgive, absolve V 479, A XI 79, C XV 221; pr.subj.sg. VI 77, A VII 69, C VIII 79; pp. Ill 57. 6. save, bring to salvation I 168, XIII 408, A I 142, C XVIII 287; imp.sg. C XVI 23; cleanse spiritually XIV 188; restore to grace X 126; convert to Christianity A XI 251; abs. change religion, be converted XII 289, C XIV 211. 7. abs. recover (well being) XVII 197; mend (one's) ways, (re)turn to virtuous living II 100, IX 201, XI 426, A X 215, C I 7 7 , III 100, X 300; pp. C IX 160; refl.pr.subj.sg. C IX 238; abs. reform itself C XVII 50; imp.sg. XI 378. [AF amender] amendes n. 1. compensation XVIII 327, A V 173; recompense II 119, C II 123. 2. reparation IV 88, A IV 75, C IV 84. [AF] amercy v. impose a fine at discretion VI 39. [AF amercier] amyd(de), amyddes, ameddes prep, in the middle of V 283, C VI 335, IX 122, X 67; through C XIII 43; ~ hise lippes in the mouth A VII 166. [OE on middan] amyddes adv. as adj. in the middle XIII 83, 246. [fr.prec.] amys adj. 1. wrong XVII 317, C XIX 297; false I 177, A I 151, C I 173. 2. in eclipse VI 327. [cp. OI a mis] among(es) prep, of presence w., among III 97, V 130, A X 128, C VI 96; generally, everywhere among V 205, VI 163, A IV 134, X 163, C Pr 88, XI 57; pe 111336 ~ vs alle we shall all be in confusion Pr 192; anywhere among IX 75, C XII 112; in the midst of XIV 308,

C VI 143; of association in the company of C VI 435; w. one or another of VII 198; along w. XIII 229, 453, A VII 87; of distr. among Pr 103, VII 162, XIX/XXI 311; of occurrence or activity among III 42, XI 51, A IV 134, VIII 57, C IV 188, XI 279; of agency by C V 4; at the hands of XV 524, C XVII 288. [OE amang] amongeat/v. at times XIV 238. [fr.prec.] amortisede v. pa.pl. alienated in mortmain XV 321, C XVII 55. [AF amortizer] amorwe(n) adv. next morning C III 308, VII 13. [ME] amountep v. signifies III 97, A III 86. [AF amounter] ampulles n. badges resembling miniature flasks V 520, A VI 8, C VII 165. [OE ampulla] ancre n. religious recluse, anchoress C III 142; pi. anchorites Pr28, A VII 133, C VIII 146; by meton. anchorites' cells XV 214. [OEancra] undconj. 1. and Pr9, 16, A P r l 6 , 36, C Pr 52, 68; impl. balance or contrast V 99, 1X131, A III 243, V 195, C Pr 12, 88; emph. Ill 178, 269(2), A Pr 37, V 36, C III 171, 224; advers. II 92, V 483, A I 143, II19, C II 99; but also XI 379; quasi-purposive II 170, 211, A Pr 36, I 134, C I 44, II 194; intro. accompanying circumstance Pr 54, V 410, A II 42, 94, C I 109; intro. consequence Pr 7, 49, A Pr 72, I 66, C Pr 183, II 47. 2. intro. a condition if II 133, 193, III 130, IV 137, A IV 120, XI 218, CIII 44, 140, VI 91, VIII 160, XII 32. [OEand] andrew n. the apostle Andrew XV 292, C XVII 19. angre n. 1. affliction, tribulation XVII 342, C XII 207; pi. XII 11, C VI 114. 2. fit of resentment XIII 335, C VI 79. 3. wrath A X 143. [cp. OI angr] angre, angry v. 1. afflict, harm XIV 245, C XVI 85. 2. fill w. resentment V 118, AV97. [cp. Olangra] angrylyche adv. in phr. al ~ greatly disturbed C XVI 114. [fr. n.] anhengede v. pa.t.Bsg. hanged C I 64 [OE dhon, hangian] any adj. 1. imply, a question any Pr 156, II 136, A IX 4, 12, C VI 248, VIII 266. 2. impl. class or category any kind of II 8

any - appose

Glossary

VI 384; separately XIII47. [A? a part] apartye adv. separately CXV53. [CF] apeel n. 1. accusation, charge C XIX 288; pi. C II 189. 2. pi. supplications for special favour C II 247. [AF apel] apeire, appeire, apayre v. 1. injure, do harm to V95, A XI 63; pr.t.Bsg. VII 48, A VIII 50, C III 165; pa.t.Bsg. Ill 128, A III 117; pi. VI 132; imp.pl. V 564, A VI 51, C VII 211; pp. VI 218, A VII 204, C VIII 228. 2. hurt, cause to suffer VI 171, A VII 156, C VIII 167. 3. pr.subj.pl. reduce V 46, A V 38, C V 144. [cp. AF empairer] ap(p)endep v. 1. pr.t.Bsg. belongs I 45, A 143. 2. is fitting, becoming 1100, A I 98, C I 9 7 . [AF apendre] aperep v. pr.t.Bsg. reaches, comes up XIV 243, C XVI 83. [AF *aperer. cp. per match, equal] apertli adv. manifestly, unmistakably I 100, III 258, A V 15, C III 314. [ME: cp. AF apert] apeward, hapeward n. entertainer w. trained ape V 631, A VI 116, C VII 284. [ME] apoisonedp/7 poisoned III 128, A III 117, C III 165; fig. corrupted XV 561, C XVII 224. [AF: cp. enpoisoner] ap(p)ostata adj. delinquent for breach of religious vows I 104, A I 102, C I 98. [L] apostle, apostel n. apostle XIII 66, A VII 3, C XI 266; pi. VII 16, A XI 25, C XI 148. [OEapostot\ apparaill n. clothing, attire VIII 121, A IX 111, CVI30. [AF] apparaille v. clothe, dress VI 57, A VII 52, C VIII 56; pa.t.pl. Pr 23, A II 176, C II 227; pp. V 516, A VI 4, C VII 161; caparison II 171, A II 135. [CF apparailler] appele v. bring a charge against XI 423. [AF apeler] appeles see APEEL. appere v. present (him)self III 114, A III 103, C III 151; show (our)selves C Pr 90; pa.t.Ssg. appeared XII 148, C XIV 92; revealed itself C XI 149; pr.p. symbolized XIX/XXI 92. [AF apperer] appetit n. appetite pers. VI 264, A VII 248. [AF apetit] appose v. 1. interrogate, question A XII 8, C XVI 163; pa.t.Ssg. A XII 26; pp. A

200, XIII 103, 123, All 168, VII 59, C VIII 260, XI 62. 3. exclusive any at all II 194, 207, V51, 154, A II 32, III 249, C I 143, III 69, 139. 4. some, any VII 79, XIII 389, A IX 89, X 188, C IX 155, XIII 122; inphr. -pyng at all VI 65, A VII 59; to any extent at all XVIII 388, C XX 430. [OEznig] any pron. of a pers. any, anyone V 180, 628, A II 155, C III 466; of an obj. any III 324, C XVIII 110. [fr.prec.] aniente v. 1. nullify, negate (by action) XVII 290, C XIX 271. 2. ended C XX 386. [AF] ani3tesatfv. by night XVII 211, C V 16; in the night XX/XXII 196. [ME] anoyed/?p. 1. displeased, vexed II 167, A II 131. 2. harmed V 93, A III 176. [AF anoier] anon, anone, anoon, anoen adv. at once, immediately IX 134, XI 405, A X 165, C Pr 113, 1115; nouthe ~ at present C IX 164; ~ as as soon as XIX 18, C Pr 111; emph. ~ righte XX 17, C IV 150. [OE on dn(e)] anoper pron. 1. another, a second (of the same) Pr 185, III 258, A III 237, C VI 38, XVII 105; one more I 106, A I 104, C I 106. 2. sbody else, (an)other person VII 71, X 103, CIII 296, 320; another Christian 1X86; another lesson VII 129, A VIII 111. [OE an offer] anoper adj. some other XVI 33. [fr. prec.] answere n. reply, answer XVIII 298, A XII 29, C XX 331. [OEandswaru] answere, onswerie v. 1. reply (w. an explanation) X 119; pa.t.Bsg. XI 252; pa.t.l sg. spoke in reply, answered A XII 62; 3sg. Pr 140, XVIII 316, C XX 359; respond (as in academic disputation) XV 382, A XI 299, 301. 2. be responsible, answerable (for) V 292, C VI 347. [OE andswarian] antecedent n. that word in a grammatical context which determines concord C III 362; fig. first cause C III 354; as adj. paramount C III 379. [ML] antecrist n. Antichrist, the apocalyptic antagonist of Christ XIX/XXI219. [ME] antony n. Anthony the first anchorite XV 272, C XVII 12. apaied pp. content, pleased VI 108, C II 47. [AF apaier] apart adv. privately V 326, A V 175, C

9

appose - arste

Glossary

XI 298; pa.t.3sg. confronted w. a question XIII 222, C V 10, XV 191. 2. ask (sbody sthing) III 5, XIII 85, A III 5, CXV 104; pr.t.pl. XII 232; pa.t.pl. 147, A I 45, C I 4 5 ; ask XII 215, C XIV 154; ppl. examined XV 383. 3. pa.t.pl. disputed w. VII 144, A VIII 126. [AF apposer] approcheb v. pr.t.Ssg. is coming, approaches XV 547, C XVII 209; pa.t.Ssg. XVIII 172, C XVIII 138, XX 175. [AF approcher] appulrc 1. apple 1X152, C X 207; pi. VI 293, A VII 277, C VIII 316, XVIII 70. 2. the forbidden fruit of Genesis IX 124, A X 141, C XX 305. 3. fig. Piers's orchard fruit XVI 73; offspring, progeny C XVIII 68; the souls of the righteous in limbo C XVIII 121. [OE eppet[ appultree n. the forbidden tree of Eden XVIII 288. [OE eppletreow} appurtenaunces n. by melon, accompanying features of conduct, behaviour XV 189. [AF] aprillH. April XIII 268. [LAprilis] arate v. 1. reprove, rebuke XI 102, C XII 36; pa.t.Ssg. berated XI 376, C V 1 1 . 2. pp. abused, berated XIV 163, C XVI 16. [AF? cp. areter] arbitreres n. arbitrators C VI 382. [AF arbitrour] archangels, archangel C I 108; pi. I 108, XIX/XXI 150, A I 106. [AF] arches n. the diocesan court of Canterbury at S. Mary Arches in Bow Street II 61, XX/XXII136, CII189. [AF] are see BEN. aredy adj. prepared, ready C VII 119; prompt, quick C VI 97. [ME: cp. OE gerede] arerage n. deficit, arrears of payment, debt X 476, XI 129, w. spiritual sense IX 132, C IX 273; pi. XI 134. [AF arrerage] arere adv. to the rear, backwards V 347, AV195, C VI 405. [AF] arerid/7/?. levied AII48. [OE drdiran] aresonede v. pa.t.lsg. called to account, found fault with C XIII 183; 2sg. XII 218; 3sg. rebuked C XIII 129. [AF aresunier] mesteadj. asleep V232, C VI 236. [ME] argue(n)v. reason X 179, AXI 131, CXI 119; prp. disputing C XVI 114. [AF

arguer] argueres n. in phr. swiche ~ supporters of such propositions X 120. [fr. prec.] argument3 n. arguments presented in scholastic disputation XV 382; wip ~ questioning doctrine XVII 139, C XIX 112. [AF] aryht adv. in accordance w. true doctrine C XVII 157. [ME] arise v. 1. stand, get to (one's) feet V 329, A V 1 7 8 , C VI 392; pa.t.lsg. XI 440, C XIII 246; 3sg. C VI 62; pr.subj.sg. VIII 34, A IX 30; pi. VI 118, C VIII 125; imp.pl. XVIII 427, C XX 470. 2. arise from the grave A VIII 171; pa.t.Ssg. XIX/XXI 52, 152. 3. fig. rise to a better life in the next world VI 138, A VII 132; to spiritual regeneration X 359, C III 358. 4. come into being and prevail III 300, A III 276, CIII 453; of famine VI 324, A VII 305, C VIII 344. 5. increase in number V 337, A V 186, C VI 395. 6. originate A VIII 47, C XI 231; pr.t.3sg. XVII 271, A X 121, C XIX 252; pi. A X 119, C XII 230. [OE drisan] aristotlen. Aristotle X 179, A XI 270, C XII 175. arme n. arm XV 122; pi. V 410, A VII 252, C VII 26. [OEearm] armed(e) v. pp. armed XIX/XXI 144; fig. pa.t.Bsg. equipped w. armour XX/XXII 116, 351. [AF armer] armes n. pi. in various phr. 1. weapons XVI 95, 177, XIX/XXI 339, C XVIII 185. 2. coat of arms, blazon XIX/XXI 12; fig. of Christ's human nature V 500, XVIII 22, CXX21. [AF] armonye, ermonye n. Armenia V 528, A VI 16, C XVII 272. armure n. armour I 158, C I 154. [AF] See COTE. arn see BEN; arnede see ERENDE; arne see RENNEN. array, aray n. 1. dress and jewelry II 17, C II 16. 2. ryde out of ~ broken ranks fig.C V 1 5 7 .[AFarrai] arraye, arayen v. refl. get ready, prepare IV 16, A IV 16, C IV 16. [CF arraier] ars see ART. arseny n. Arsenius, a Desert Father C XVII 12. arste see ERST. 10

art - aspie

Glossary

[AF aseler] ashamed pp. adj. 1. embarrassed, ashamed XI 405, C XIII 239. 2. contrite XX/XXII 284, A V 206, C VI 422. [OE dsceamod] aside adv. to one side, out of the way V 347, X 142, XX/XXII 152, A XI 95, C XIX 59. [ME] asken, axe v. 1. ask (in enquiry) V 536, XVI 65, A VI 24, C XVIII 8; pr.t.2sg. A XII 11; 3sg. Ill 236, C XVII 204; pi. XII 234; pa.t.lsg. VIII 5, A IX 5, CXI 102; Bsg. V 299, A V 149, C I 46; imp.sg. X 162, A XI 114, C X I 104; pi XIII 308, C VI 56. 2. ask for IV 103, A IV 90, CIII 254; pr.t.lsg. C VI 14; 3sg. XIV 111, C III 300; pi. Ill 220, CIII 279; pa.t.Bsg. XII 194; pr.subj.sg. V 423, C IX 238; prp. XIX/XXI 76; pp. XX/XXII 188; ~ after XV 159, C XV 293; pa.t.3sg. V 75, A VII 280, C XVI 292; -of pa.t.pl XIX/XXI 131; claim C XVII 70; pr.t.3sg. demands I 36, A I 34, C XIX 275. 3. of address to the Deity beg God's mercy XIV 262, C XVIII 259; pr.t.pl. XVI 242. 4. pr.t.pl beg alms VII 77; paA.pl X 206. 5. pr.t.pl seek after I 102, A I 100. 6. pr.t.Ssg. requires Pr 19, 120, XVIII 347, A I 136, 178, C V 62; pr.t.pl. C III 336; prp. C III 405. [cp. OE ascian, dcsian] askyng n. request XIX/XXI 479. [cp. OE dscung] aslepe adv. asleep II 52, XIX/XXI 5; to sleep V 8, A V 8; as adj. C V 108. [ME] asonderaJv. in two VII 119, A VIII 101. [OE on sundran] asondry adj. separate XVII 167. [ME] aspare v. part w., do without XV 140. [OEdsparian] aspele v. do without, set aside for the poor C VI 432. [OEaspelian] aspie v. 1. perceive VI 129, A VII 121, C XV 151; pa.t.3sg. XIX/XXI 335; pi C IX 208. 2. take note of V 170, C VI 152; pr.t.3sg. C IV 53; ascertain VIII 130; discern XI 256, A XI 226, C XII 142. 3. examine, look into C III 309; pp. C XIX 36. 4. look out for, be on the lookout for A II 187, C II 238; pr.t.Ssg. C IX 147; discover C XIV 167; pp. identified C XIX 301; intr. -after seek XVI 170. 5. intr. be aware A XII 103;

artrc. 1. skill, expertise XV 359, C XVII 97. 2. pi. traditional academic fields of study X 155, XI 172, A XI 107, C XI 95. [AF] articles n. main points of doctrine X 239. [AF] arwed/?/?. made fearful, daunted C III 237. [OE eargian] arwes n. pi. arrows III 326, C III 479; fig. XX/XXII117, 226. [OEarewe] as conj. 1. of quantity or degree as III 145, V585, A VII 185, X 163, C V 32, VIII 218; corr. ~ ... ~ I 87, 180, A I 161, 163, C II 23, III 89; corr. so ... ~ VII 186, A XI 175, C XII 192; also ... ~ III 331; ~ ... so C XIII 23; ellip. impl. a high degree ~ blipe/quyk/swipe/tyd/yernell 158, III 102, V423, XIII 318, XIV 190, A III 91, C VII 36. 2. of dress or appearance like Pr 3, A III 34, C Pr 3. 3. of manner like, as Pr 33, 60, A I 123, III 262, C I 156, II 41; of manner prescribed or specified as Pr 101, 120, A II 7, III 251, C Pr 104, III 472; ~ by C III 307, IX 215; according to how C 1X108; of conduct like Pr44, V 340, A IV 123, V 125, CXIII 169; of manner in role or status as Pr 95, II 66, A VI 40, VII 149, CPr93, IV 186. 4. w. subj. as if Pr 68, V 102, A Pr 2, V 196, C V 160, IX 93; w. indie. C XIV 137. 5. impl. modality as Pr 32, 165, A XI 108, C P r l S , 17; -it were III 37, A III 36, C P r l l , V 124, VI 110, VIII 22, 1X114 etc. 6. panic. X 265, 390, 455, XII 15, C Pr 227, VI 32, 176, VIII 260; intro. instances such as, for example Pr 28, 224, A II 144, III 67, C II 97, VIII 87. 7. indie, comp. -to XII 138, C XIV 83. 8. intro. subord. cl. that VIII 124, A IX 114; since VI 259, A VII 243; in as much as, because IV 181, V 365, X441, A V 239; as, while, when Pr 9, VIII 6, 63, A Pr 13, C I 119, IV 48; rel. swich ~ I 182, V 269, VII 41, A I 156, C II47, III 78. [OE ealswd by way of EME alse, ase] ascapen v. 1. get away, escape II 206, A II 167, C II 218; of punishment for sin pp. VI 77, A VII 69, C VIII 79. 2. avoid, escape C III 61. [AF ascaper, achaper] asele v. certify by affixing a seal A II 35; pp. II 113, A II 77, C II 117, XIX 6. 11

aspie - atymye

Glossary

observe, see C II 48, XV 151. [AF aspyer] assay n. the test, actuality X 261 [AF] assaien v. 1. try out XVI 106; imp.sg. try C XVI 164. 2. pr.subj.pl. test, check XVIII 69, C XX 71. 3. sample, taste XVI 74, C XVIII 103; abs. V 302, A V 152, C VI 357; have a try C VIII 22. 4. interrogate, examine III 5, A III 5, C III 5. [AF assaier] assaillen v. attack XX/XXII 126, C XIII 63; pr.t.Ssg. XIX/XXI 226; pa.t.pl. XX/XXII 296; pr.subj.sg. II 97; pp. XVIII 297, C XX 330; pr.t.pl. harass, afflict w. temptation XIV 202, C XVI 43. [AF assailir] assaut n. attack XX/XXII 300. [AF] asse n. gen. ass's XVIII 11, C XX 9. [OE assa] asseled, asele(d) see ASELE. assembled pp. come together II 57. [AF assembler] assemblee n. gathering Pr218. [AF] assent «. agreement, approval 1X118, C XVI 109; at/of myn ~ of my mind IV 187, A IV 150. [AF] assenten v. 1. comply IV 182; approve pr.t.lsg. IV 188, A IV 151, C IV 187; assented pa.t.Ssg. Pr 175, C Pr 192; pi. agreed II 68, C II 70; pr.subj.pl. VIII 110, A IX 100, CX106; pr.t.Ssg. is in assent w. II 142, A II 106, C II 158; pp. consented C II 173; is ~ has agreed A II 35. 2. give approval III 118, VI 38, A VII 39, C III 155; pr.subj.sg. C IV 98; pi. IV 102, A IV 89. 3. pr.t.lsg. undertake in agreement VI 55, A VII 50, C VIII 54. 4. conclude, resolve XVII 287, C XIX 268. [AF assentir] asserue v. deserve VI 198, A VII 185. [AF asservir] asset3 n. reparation, satisfaction XVII 241, C XIX 207. [AF asez] asshamidest v. pa.t.2sg. brought disgrace upon A III 177. [OE asceamian] assigne v. prescribe IV 126, A IV 109. [AF assigner] assoillenv. 1. absolve Pr70, V 270, A III 39, C VI 257, XII 6; pa.t.Bsg. Ill 47, A III 46, C VI 168; pp. XIX/XXI 395, C III 359; cleansed, rid of guilt XVII 199, C IX 4, XIX 165. 2. pp. released from excommunication III 144, A III 133, C III 182. 3. solve, explain X 253, A XII

11, C XI 154; pr.subj.sg. XI 222; pr.t.Ssg. expounds to good effect III 237. 4. dispute by scholastic argument XV 382, C XVII 115; pa.t.3sg. settled the question of C XII 139. [cp AF assoilent fr. assoudre] astertev. escape XI 402, C XIII 210. [OE *astyrtan] astronomye n. astronomy XIX/XXI 244; astronomy and astrology X 212, A XI 155. [AF] astronomiens n. astronomers, astrologers XV 359, CXVII 106. [AF] astroth, astarot n. one of the devils of hell XVIII 404, C XX 287, 447. aswage v. reduce V 123, C VI 88. [AF aswager] a swowe (for aswowe) adv. in a faint A V 213. [cp. OE geswogen] at prep. 1. of place or position in at Pr47, 85, A V 1 1 5 ; C II 101, 220; on X 57, XIV 213, A XII 70, C IX 154; about VI 61, A VII 56; intr.obj. among C IX 87; of activity at V 580, VI 103, A VI 67, VII 95, C XV 95, XIX 214; through V 629, XI 358, A VI 114, C VII 282; with VI 102, A VII 94, C VIII 111. 2. of source from II 181, V 442, A XI 180, C II 179, III 255; of III 25, XIII 308, A III 24, C I 46, 204. 3. of a point in a series at Pr 98, II 105, A II 160 etc., C Pr 126. 4. of time or occasion at Pr 42, 146, I 24, V 14, A II 52, V 14, C V 57, VI 160, XIX 53; in VII 133. 5. of state or condition at Pr 157, 118, A XI 201, C XVI 64, XVII 106; to AII 138, C XX 416; ~ large any distance, freely XX/XXII 192. 6. of disposition or attitude at Pr 37, 62, A III 102, C IX 184, XIV 55. 7. of price or value at VI 169, VII 200, A VII 154, C V 97, IX 304. 8. of degree to the extent of IV 140, A IV 123, XII 72. [OE ef\ atake pp. arrested, taken prisoner C III 140. [ME] atamede v. pa.t.Ssg. broached, opened XVII 71, C XIX 70. [AF] abynkeb v. impers. me ~ I repent XVIII 89, C VI 100. [OE ofpincan} abrest see AFURST. atyer n. jewelry and dress C II 15. [AF atir] atymye v. w. marked inf. adju. ~ (for)to restrain (himself), refrain from C XIX 12

atymye - auow(e)

Glossary

aunte} auntrede v. re/I. 1. pa.t.Ssg. put in hazard XVIII 222, C XX 231; tried his luck XX/XXII 175. 2. pr.t.3sg. boldly dares, ventures CX216. [AF aunturrer] austyn n. 1. Augustine of Hippo X 120, A XI 72, C XI 149. 2. Augustine the missionary to England XV 445. auter n. altar V 110, A III 50, C XVIII 262; pi. X 318, XV 529, C V 164, XVII 279. [AF] auaille v. help, benefit X 278, C IX 7; pa.subj.sg. X 278; be of value, use XVII 93, C XIX 83. [AF availler] auarice n. greediness of gain, cupidity, A VIII 40, C II 94; fig. II 87, XX/XXII 123, A II 63; pers. XIV 245, C XVI 87; niggardliness, meanness pers. I 197, A I 171, CI192. [AF] auarous adj. avaricious XV 85; miserly XV 136, C I 188, XVI 281; as coll. n. miserly men C XIV 21; as appellation VIII 89, A IX 80, CX86. [AF averous] auaunce v. 1. help spiritually, improve IX 164, C X 255. 2. pr.t.3sg. prefers to a benefice A IV 116; pp. I 191, XI 290, A III 32, CI188. [AFavancer] auenge v. avenge XIII 329; pr.subj.sg. XX/XXII 384, C III 93; pp. C VI 139. [AF avenger} auenon see AUYNOUN. auentrous, auntres adj. pi as n. bold knights XVIII 16, CXX 14. [AF] auenture, auntur, aunter, auntir n. in phr. an ~ , on ~ lest, for fear that III 66, A III 259, C VIII 40; good ~ by good fortune VI 77, A VII 69, C VIII 79. [AF] auer n. property, possessions C VI 32. [AF aver} auereys, aueroy n. St Aurea? St Avoya? a fictitious saint? XIII 91, C XV 98. aues, auees n. pi fig. Hail Marys XV 181, CXVI 323. [Laue] auynet n. the fables of Avienus XII 259. auynoun, auenon n. Avignon XIX/XXI 422. auisen v. refl. take thought, consider XV 320, C XVII 54; fig. imp.sg. C IV 21. [AF aviser] auoutrye n. adultery XII 74. [AF avouterie} auow(e) n. solemn promise, vow V 449, A V 221, C VII 63; pi. Pr 71, A Pr 68. [ME fr. v. 2]

244, 248. [OEdtemian] atired/Tp. dressed II 19, 166, A II 15, 130. [AF atirer] atones adv. phr. at the same time XVII 55; together in harmony XV 485. [ME] attachen v. 1. seize, arrest II 200, A II 161, C II 214; pp. taken into custody II 239, A II 198, C II 255. 2. pr.t.3sg. claims lawful right to control under writ of attachment fig. C XI 305; pp. XVI 261, C XVIII 277. [CF attacker} atteynt pp. found guilty, attainted for perjury or corrupt verdict XX/XXII 162. [CF ateindre] attre n. poisonous corruption XII 258. [OE at(t)or] atwene adv. in two C Pr 114. [OE on tweogen] atwynne adv. as adj. separate, apart C XVIII 189. [ME] atwo, ato adv. in phr. bite/pyche ~ sever XIX/XXI 338; craked ~ broke C XX 75. [ME] auctour n. authority for a statement or belief X 251, C XI 147; ancient writer XV 375. [AF] audience n. hearing, attention XIII 433, C VII 93. [AF] auditour n. official auditor of accounts XIX/XXI 461. [AF] au3t, 0113! pron. anything V 422, A XI 78, C V I 1 1 1 ; any action XIV 8; something V 481, XIII 10, C VII 123; an inducement V 432, C VII 45; be/by/for ~ w. v. of knowing or perceiving to the best of my knowledge/understanding V 631, X 338, XI 256, A VI 116, C XII 142. [OE dwiht, owiht] au3t adv. at all V 532, 551, C VII 177; under any circumstances XV 106. [fr. prec.] au3te n. possessions, wealth C XIII 7. [OE tehta} aultoun n. Alton in Hampshire XIV 304, CXVI 139. auncer, aunsel n. weight used on a balance scale V 216, A V 132, C VI 224. [cp. AF aumelle] aungel, angel n. angel Pr 128, IX 127, A X 143, C XIV 92; pi. IX 30, C XI 148; messenger VII 34, A VIII 36, C IX 37. [AF] aunte n. aunt V 153, C VI 128; fig. V 383, 476, A V 2 1 1 , 250, C VI 330, 440. [AF

13

auowe - bayard

Glossary

auowe, avowe v.(l) proclaim C XV 139; declare III 257, A III 236, C XV 113; make known, publish XI 86. [CF avower] auowed v.(2) pa.t.Bsg. made a religious vow V 381, A V 209. [AF vouer infl. by v.l] awayte v. 1. discern X 338; imp.sg. look carefully C XVII 63. 2. pr.t.2sg. stare, peer at XVI 257, C XVIII 273. 3. pr.t.pl. lie in wait C X 297; pa.t.lsg. schemed XIII 360; watched for XVI 138. 4. watch over C VI 279. [AF awaitier] awake(n) v. 1. wake up, awake XX/XXII 386, C II 107; pa.t.lsg. XI 406, C V 1, IX 294; pi. C XV 269; pp. XX/XXII 1; imp.sg. V 392, C VII 8. 2. awaken from the dead X 334. 3. of pers. become active, be aroused VI 323, A VII 304, C VIII 343; pr.t.lsg. C VI 139; 3sg. V 135; pa.t.Ssg. C VI 103. 4. trans. pr.t.3sg. C XV 304; re/7. II 100. [OE dwacian, dwacnian] awakned see AWAKE(N). awey(e), away(e) adv. away, aside, off w. v. of avoidance, escape II 218, IV 105, A IV 92, C IV 100; of removal III 270, 1X9, A IV 44, C XII 238, XVIII 154; of dismissal IX 210, XX/XXII 168, A VII 183, C XIV 117; of departure XII 80, XVII 54, C XVII 144, XIX 336; of severance XX/XXII 56; of purgation IX 139, A X 170, C X 2 2 7 ; as adj. absent, lacking I 190, A I 164, C XIX 138; gone, removed XI 261, C XII 147. [OE dweg] awreke v. 1. imp.sg. avenge VI 173, A VII 158, C VIII 170; pp. VI 201, C II 209, VIII 299. 2. imp.sg. gratify, satisfy CX287. [OEdwrecan] awurchynge adj. under construction C III 51. [ME] ax«. battle-axe III 306, C XIV 51. [OE (ex, eax] axe see ASKEN. axesse n. attack of illness, seizure A V 201. [AF accese] ayein, agein adv. 1. back IV 53, V 455, A IV 40, VI 103, C III 332, VI 309. 2. again VII 25, A VIII 27, C IX 29; in return XX/XXII 172; shorten ~ XX/XXII 225. [OE ongen, agen] ayein(s), ageynes, agein, agayn, prep. 1. of opposition: to a principle against,

contrary III 92, VII 22, VIII 102, A III 81, VIII 24, C III 446; of an attitude, state of mind against IV 48, A VIII 71, C X 217; ~ ... leue w.out ... permission XVIII 267; hostile to XX/XXII 113; of specific teaching arrangement, prohibition contrary to, against XI 64, XIII 413, XV 68, 87, A III 141, X 142, C III 120, VI 76. 2. of hostility, conflict against VI 320, XVI 165, A III 243, IX 41, C V 74, XI 34; fig. in defiance of III 156, C III 194; of criticism against VI 316, A XI 65, C XVI 26; of antidote, remedy against XX/XXII 179, A IX 41; of reciprocity in return for X 204; in response to V 430, C VII 43; in preparation for XIX/XXI 317; of time approaching A XII 60. [fr. adv.] 33eynward adv. on my way back C XIX 77. [MEJbaberlipped, barburlippid adj. thick-lipped V 190, A V 109, C VI 198. [?]

B babyn. infant, baby XVII 98, C XIX 94. [? echoic] babiloigne n. Babylon in Egypt, near Cairo V527, XV 510, A VI 15, C VII 172. bablede v. pa.t.lsg. muttered, mumbled V 8, A V 8. [fr. AF bable n.] bacheler n. 1. young knight XVI 179. 2. aspirant to knighthood XVIII 85, C XX 87. 3. bachelor of divinity C IX 249; pi. Pr87, CPr85; graduates APr90. [AF] baches n. brooks, streams V514, A VI 2. [OE bee} bacon, bacoun n. cured pork, bacon V 193, A VII 268, CXV67. [AF] buddeadj. 1. wicked, evil X 286, C IX 16. 2. counterfeit C XVII 74. [? cp. OE baeddel] baddely, baddeliche adv. 1. late, grudgingly C IV 55. 2. poorly, uncomfortably XV 536, C XVII 197. [fr. adj.] baddenesse n. sin XII48. [fr. adj.] bagbitares see BAKBITERIS. bagge n. wallet, scrip V 519, A VI 7, C IX 120; fig. A XII 71; (beggar's) sack Pr 41, A Pr 41, C V 52; fig. contents of (a) moneybag XX/XXII 142; pi. VIII 88, AIX 79, C X 8 5 . [cp.OIbaggi] bayard n. a bay horse IV 53, A IV 40, C VIII 178; of a mule C XIX 72; pi. fine

14

bayard - baro(u)n

Glossary

[AF baniss- (banir)] bank n. hillside Pr 8, XVII 105, A Pr 8. [ODan banke] bannev. 1. curse 162, A X 171, C I 58, XI 190. 2. pr.t.3sg. condemns VII 89, C IX 162; abs. pr.t.Ssg. XV 252; reproach C III 145; pa.t.Ssg. X 7, A XI 7. [OE bannan] bannebury n. Banbury in Oxfordshire C II 114. bapteme, baptisme n. the sacrament of baptism XI 82, C XII 59; the fact of being baptized XVIII 376, C XX 419; the symbolic baptism of Jesus (Mat. 3.1317)XIX/XXI323. [AF, L. baptismus] baptist(e) n. J>e ~ John the Baptist (Mat. 3.13-17) XIX 38, CX180; as surname XVI 250. [AF] baptize v. confer the sacrament of baptism XI 77; pa.t.Ssg. XVI 250; pp. baptized X 351, XI 80; fig. XV 517, C XVII 268; abs. XI 79. [AF baptizer] bapti3ynge ger. conferment of the sacrament XI 78. barayne adj. barren, sterile XVIII 106, C XX 109. [AF] bare, baer adj. naked V 175, C VI 157; bare XX/XXII 184; desolate XVI 35, C XVIII 39; uncovered C VI 150; uncased, displayed XX/XXII 70. [OE her] barefoot adj. XVIII 11, C IX 121, XX 9. [OE berfit] bargayne n. 1. commodity, piece of goods C V 96. 2. pi. dishonest transactions, shady deals II 88, A V 186, C II 95, VI 395. [AF bargain] barkrc. husk, hull XI 260, C XII 147. [cp. OI borkr] barly n. barley V 217, A V 133, C VI 225; ~ breed bread made of barley-meal VI 135, A VII 129, C VIII 142. [OE b&rlic] barm n. lap; in his ~ before him in the saddle XVII 73. [OE bearm] barn n. child II 3, A X 147, C X 234; fig. XVII 100, C XIX 90; pi. VII 93, A III 250, C VIII 305; offspring III 152, A III 141, C III 190; sons C V 70; descendants X327, C V 1 7 2 . 2. young person XII 187, C XIV 126. [OEbearn] barnhoedrc. youth C XVIII 135. [ME] baro(u)n n. 1. baron, nobleman, magnate XIII 165; gen. A III 192, C III 262; pi. X 326, C V 172; gen. C V 71. 2.

horses IV 124. [AF baiard} baillifs, bailifs n. pi. crown officers under the sheriff II 60, A III 2, C II 62. [AF] bakw. back III 196, A VIII 15, C IX 154; pi. II 172, All 136. [OEhec] bakbite v. speak ill of an absent person, slander II 81, C II 88. [ME] bakbiteris, bagbitares n. slanderers, detractors XVI43, C XVIII 46. [ME] bakbityng ger. slander, detraction V 88, XV 238, C XVI 363; pers. V 131, C VI 95. bake(n), ybake pp. baked VI 193, A VII 277, C VIII 316; -breed ? biscuit, rusk XIII 266. [OEbacan] bakers n. bakers III 79, A III 68, C III 80. [OE btecere] bakkenv. clothe A XI 188. [fr. n.] bakkes n. clothes, cloaks X 366, C XIII 72. [OEhec] baksteres n. baker-women, bakers of either sex Pr219, APr98. [OE becestre] baldeliche, baldly, baldere, baldore see BOLD.

balen. 1. injury, harm IV 89, 93, XI 122, A IV 76, C IV 85, 88, XII 57. 2. pers. Wrong-Doer IV 92, A IV 80, C IV 89. 3. misfortune, distress XI 333, C XIII 141; harm A X 147. 4. torment (of damnation) XVIII 202, C XIII 22. [OE bealo] bale adj. dire, awful XVIII 35, C XX 34. [OE bealo] baleysn. rod X 181, A XI 133, CXI 121; pi. XII 12. [AF] baleised, balayshed pp. adj. beaten, caned V 175, C V I 157. [ME] balkes n. ridges left in ploughing VI 107, A VII 99, C VIII 114. [OE balca] balled adj. bald XX/XXII 184; worn, trite, hackneyed X 55, A XI 41, C XI 36. [? OE *b<ellede, *beallede] ballokknyf n. dagger w. knobbed cross-haft XV 124. [ME] bande v. fasten by braiding or plaiting C VI 218. [MEfr.n.] bane n. 1. death and destruction C VIII 349. 2. death fig. her ~ what poisoned them A VI 90. [OE bana] baner n. battle-standard XX/XXII 69, A VIII 15. [AF] banyer n. standard-bearer XV 436. [AF baneour] banisshit pp. exiled, banished A III 274. 15

baro(u)n - beggere

Glossary

warrior XX/XXII 129. 3. pi. the landowning aristocracy Pr217, A III 144, C Pr 223; by melon, beneficed clergy C VI 123. [AF] barren. 1. railing before a judge's bench inphr. at be ~ in court Pr212, A Pr 85, C III 449. 2. pi. bars of a gate XVIII 321; fig. C VII 239. [AF] bar re v. imp.sg. shut and bar C XX 284. [AF barrer] baselardn. long dagger III 305, A XI 214, CIII 458; pi. XV 121. [AF] baskettes n. baskets XVI 126, C XVIII 154. [AF basket] bastard n. 1. person born out of wedlock II 24, A II 95, C II 147; pi. VII 93, C V 68. 2. variety of pear developed by grafting in the region of Cailloux XVI 69. [AF] bat(te) n. 1. long loaf (of coarse bread) A VII 165; lump, clod C XVIII 91. [OE batt] batail(l)e n. battle XII 105, C Pr 108; pi. C VIII 49, XVII 288; combat XVI 164, C X X 6 6 ; conflict C VIII 349; warfare XX/XXII 262; pi wars III 323, C III 476. [CF] batauntliche adv. pressingly, in eager haste XIV 214, C XVI 55. [AF batant fr. batre] babed pp. immersed, bathed XVII 97. [OE bajrian] batnelde«. large needle C VI 218. [ME] batred v. pa.t.lsg. beat, struck III 199, A III 186. [AF batre] baude n. procurer III 46, A III 45; procuress III 129, A III 118, C III 166; pi. CVI189. [CF baude] baudekyn n. go-between III 41, A III 40. [ME contemptuous, dim. of baude] baw(e) excl. of contempt XI 140, XIX/ XXI 396, C XII 75. beau fit3 n. beloved son VII 168, A VIII 145, C IX 312. [AF] beaupe(e)re n. 1. man of seniority and standing C IX 249. 2. grave old man fig. XVIII 231, C XX 240. [AF] beauterc. beauty XII 48, C XIII 11, XVII 163. [AF] becau3te v. pa.t.Ssg. overcame C XIV 62. [ME] beches n. beechtrees V 18, A V 18, C VI 120. [OEbece] bedw. bed Pr43, AII 52, CVII4. [OE]

bed see BIDDEN. bedbourde n. fun in bed, sexual activity 1X190, AX203, CX290. [ME] bedchambre n. bedroom V 220, AV136, C VI 228. [ME] bedden v. refl. in phr. ~ hem esily sleep in a comfortable bed II 98; pp. lodged XV 536, C XVII 197. [OE beddian] beddyng ger. bed, sleeping accommodation XIV 232, C XVI 73. bede n. prayer XI 150, C XII 85; pi. V 8, A V 8, C VII 16; a rosary XV 122. [OE gebed] bedel, bydels n. tipstaff, court crier, beadle II 110, A II 74, C II 114; pi. II 60, A III 2, CIII 2. [AF] bedeman n. 1. messenger, go-between III 46, A III 45, CIII 48; emissary CIII 43. 2. pi. persons obligated to pray for benefactors, almsmen XV 205, C III 275. [ME] bedenv. offer C X267. [OEbeodan] bedrede(n), beddrede adj. confined to bed, bedridden XIII 447, A VII 130, C V 2 1 ; pi. as coll. n. VI 191, A VIII 84. [OE bedreda] beem n. large piece of timber, beam X 270.[OEbeam] beest, beste n. 1. (any) animal XI 362, XII 224, AX 175; pi. V 514, A IV 143, C X 2 3 1 ; coll. the animal world 1X32; wild animal XI 362, C XVII 29; pi. XV 303, C IX 225; domestic animal XIII 363, C VI 262; pi. Ill 267, A VII 181, C III 427; fig. XIX/XXI 264. 2. pi. living creatures IX 26, AX 27, C X 228; fig. X416. [AF beste] beflobered v. pa.t.Ssg. dirtied XIII 400 [ME: cp.flobre] begeneldes n. beggar's C X 263; inphr. A begyneld wise like a beggar, beggar fashion C IX 154. [ME] begge v. 1. beg alms, live as a beggar VI 237, A VIII 68, C V 90; pr.tlsg. C V 51; 3sg. VII 67, C XVI 372; pi. XI 278, C IX 190. 2. trans, beg for VI 192, C XVI 70; pr.t.2sg. C V 29; pr.t.pl get by begging XV 329. [AF begger] begge see BUGGE(N). beggere, beggare n. 1. beggar, mendicant VI 194, IX 94, A VII 287, C VI 49, VIII 278; fig. A XII 71; pi. II 160, A II 124, C III 275; by synec. friars C VI 123. 2. pauper, destitute person V 440,

16

beggere - be(n)

Glossary

V330, AV179, C VI 388. 3. as copula w.adj. Prl74, II 101, III 27, AII 59, C PrlOO, 115; pr.t.lsg. IV 60, 192, AIV 13, C V 23; 2sg. V 257, VII 137, A I 138, C XII 215; 3sg. Pr 86, 194(2), A I 57, C Pr 84; pi. Pr 209, I 21, A I 164, C IX 172; pa.t.lsg. Pr 7, V 3, A I 10, C II 9, VI 148; 2sg. XII 6; 3sg. Pr 1, VI 185, A I 147, C Pr 117; pi. II 64, 167, A Pr 52, C Pr 106; pr.subj. sg. II 32, XIV 59, A IV 156, C III 355; pi. Pr 188, I 179, A VI 112, C XI 251; pa.subj.sg. Pr78, III 6, V 389, A IV 74, C I 10; pi. V 268, A XI 14, C XIV 71(1), 198(1); imp.sg. V 366, 609, AX 117, C IX 237; pi. 1176, II 138, A I 150, II 102, C IX 51; as copula w. n. I 145, A VIII 180, C Pr 120; pr.t.lsg. I 75, A VII 123, C II 33; 2sg. V 270, A IX 67, C VII 143; 3sg. Pr 194(1), A Pr 39, C I 23; pi. Ill 76, A I 174, C Pr 93; pa.t.Bsg. II 25, A IV 67, C I 108; pi. XII 118, A IV 132, CPr 116; pr.subj.sg. II 48, A VII 12, CII51; pi. V 627, A VI 112; pa.subj.sg. Pr 2, A I 69, C II 17; pi. X 105; as copula indie, location V169, C VI 151; pr.t 2sg. A VII 211; 3 sg. I 164, V 265, A I 12, C Pr 133; pi. VIII 79, A I 16, C Pr 94; pa.t.lsg. Pr 12, A Pr 12; 3sg. V 490, A IX 4, C Pr 194; pi. X 433, C XI 269; pr.subj.sg. XIII 157, C III 328; pa.subj.sg. XI 67, C Pr 182; pi. X 128, XX/XXII 271, A VII 2; inphr. ~ of indie, origin, source, material, derivation: pr.t.3sg. V 87, X 244, XIII 225; pi. XVIII 329, C XX 372; pa.t.lsg. X 233, A XI 176; pi. XVIII 290; fig. XIV 192, A VIII 106; pr.t.3sg. V 592, XVI 14, A II 25, C VII 241, IX 264; pi. V 80, XVI 44, C VII 239; pa.t.sg. V 86. 4. pa.subj.sg. as it ~ signalling genre CPr 11, II 56; in ironic comparison so to speak XII 218, XIII 177, C XII 184. 5. as aux: in passive Pr 79, 1149, III 324, APr53, II 101, CPr 151, III 140; pr.Usg. V 174, 258, A III 32, C VII 28, 45; 2sg. 184, XI 416, A I 82, C V 33; w. fut. sense V 589, XIX/XXI 408, A VI 76, C VII 236; pi. I 135, X 463, A I 165, C Pr 87, 97; pa.t.lsg. V231, VI 22, A VII 24, CXI 166, VI 380; 3sg. Pr51, 176, A II 47, CPr 111, 131; pi. Pr41, II 11, A II 34, CPr 108; pr.subj.sg. Pr216, III 66, All

AX 115, CXVI 104; pi. XI 198, A XI 188, C VIII 193; inphr. ~ and bidderis, bidderes and ~ beggars who offer prayer in return for alms or as an inducement to almsgiving Pr 40, VI 203, XV 205, A VIII 67, CPr41. [fr. v.] beggerie, beggarie n. mendicancy, begging VII 89, C IX 166. [fr. v.] beggeris see BUGGERE. beggynge ger. begging alms C V 174, XVII 8. begynnere n. initiator, originator A X 53. [fr.v.] begonpp. overcome A II 24. [OE began] bei3e, beygh n. collar, gorget Pr 165, C Pr 193; pi. Pr 161, C Pr 180. [OE beah] beyre pron. gen. of both C XX 36. [OE begra] beyus see BEI3E. bekene, bekne n. beacon, signal fire fig. XVII 266, C XIX 232. [OE becen] belt adj. beautiful XV 115, C XVI 270. [AF] bely«. stomach Pr41, A XII 70, CPr42; inphr. ~ ioye food, provender VII 130, A VIII 112.[OEbelg] belial n. the source of evil, the devil (Deut. 13.13) C XX 282; gen. XVIII 321. belyen see BILYE. belle n. bell Pr 165, C Pr 185; pi. church bells XX/XXII 59. [OE bell] beloii3 v. pa.t.lsg. favoured, smiled upon A VIII107. [OE behlehhan] beloure v. frown upon, disapprove of A VIII 107. [ME] belsabubbes n. Beelzebub's (Mat. 10.25) II 131, A II 95. belsires n. grandfather's, ancestor's IX 146, C X 234; fig. C II 124, XX 282. [ME] be(n), beenv. 1. exist, be III 323, XVIII 310, A V 222, C III 476, XIV 29(1); pr.t.3sg. Ill 129, 246, X 61, A II 14, III 236, C III 204, 282; pi. X 115, C XV 284; pa.t.3sg. VIII 6, XVI 187, A II 38, C V 186, VI 37; pi. XI 256, C XII 142; pr.subj.sg. X 305, C V 152; pa.subj.sg. Pr 200, X 65, A III 124, XI 141, C I 19, II 128(2); pi. Pr 82, A Pr 79, C Pr 80. 2. impl. change become Pr 157, IV 147, A III 108, 190, C III 28, IV 102; pr.t.pl. A Pr 95; pa.subj.sg. IV 123, C IV 113; pi. C IV 117, fig. IV 124, C IV 120; come into being XII 85; pa.subj.sg. 17

be(n) - best

Glossary

168, CIII248, IV 111; pi. V 47, 411, A VII 116, C V 145; pa.subj.sg. V 388, IX 41, C III 111, XII 83; pi. Ill 135, XV 383, A III 124, C IX 45; as perfective aux. w. intr. v. pr.t.Ssg. Ill 282, VIII 91, A IX 82, C III 212, 435; pi XII 5, XVIII 133, A Pr 94, VII 69, C IX 260; pa.t.Ssg. XI 140, C XII 75; pr.subj.sg. Ill 303, XV 145, A IV 152, C III 456, VII 112; pa.subj.sg. C V 66; w. unexpr. v. XIX/XXI 335; w. prp.: pr.t.lsg. XVIII 126, C XX 129; 2sg. XIX/XXI 175; 3sg. Pr 67, IX 69, A Pr 64. [OEbeon] benche n. bench V 307, A V 158, C VI 362; pi. Pr 186, C Pr 203; the judges' place in the Court of the King's Bench IV 45, A IV 32. [OEbenc] bendeth v. pr.t.Ssg. inphr. ~ and boweth changes stance C X 37. [OE bendan] bene n. bean XI 171, C XII 93; pi. VI 194, A VII 169, C VIII 177; bean meal VI 182, A VII 169, C VIII 305; ~ batte long loaf of beanmeal bread Jig. herald's baton A VII 165. [OE bean] benedicite v. imp. the opening word of sacramental confession V 390, C VII 6. [L] benefice n. ecclesiastical living III 314; pi CIII 33. [AF] beneit, benet n. St Benedict of Nursia IV 121, CIV 117. benigne, benyngne adj. gracious XVIII 116, C XX 119; well-disposed, benevolent XVI 7, C XVIII 11. [AF] benigneliche, benyngneliche adv. w. the right disposition XII 112, C XIV 57. [ME] benyson n. blessing, benediction XIII 235. [AF] herd n. beard V 193, C VI 201. [OE beard] berew. bear XV 299; pi C IX 197. [OE bera] here, beer v.(l) carry, bear II 177, III 41, 323, A IV 112, C X 93; fig. of miraculous power C XV 220; pr.t.lsg. XIII 152; XVII 3; 3sg. IV 57, XII 105, A IX 86, C XIII 55; pi. Ill 305, C IX 139; pa.t.2sg. Ill 196; 3sg. V517, A V 89, C XVIII 270; pi. V 358, A V 200, C VI 416; pr. subj. sg. XV 184, XVI 126, C VII 222, XV 160; imp.sg. Ill 270, C VIII 287; haul VI 142; take XV

312; pa.t.lsg. ~ horn returned to its owner VI 99, A VII 91, C VIII 108; pr.subj.pl sustain, support fig. A VIII 15; pr.t.sg. ~vp prop C XVIII 25; give birth to, bear IX 168, A X 189; pa.t.3sg. II 3, A II 3, C II 3; pp. I 62, XII 146, A I 60, C II 147, XIV 31; wear Pr 161, C Pr 180; pr.t.Ssg. XIV 258, C XVI 98; (of a cognizance) XVI 180; pa.t.Ssg. XIX/XXI 49; of plants bear, produce C II 28; pr.t.pl. XV 97, C XVI 249; fig. pr.t.Ssg. XVI 70; pa.t.pl V 140; sustain XV 171; of names or titles: pr.t.pl XV 41, CIII 145; inphr. by be ordre bat I ~ as I am a true knight VI 166, A VII 151; pa.t.Ssg. pierced XVIII 85, C XX 87; fig. in phr. ~ adoun corrupted XX/XXII 132; ~ witnesse testify, bear witness II 81, C XX 241; pr.t.Ssg. II 38, A VIII 135, C VII 100; pi. V 146; pa.subj.sg. XIV 86; imp.sg. V 580, A VI 67, C VII 227. [OEberan] bere v.(2) bellow XI 342, C XIII 150. [OE gebteran] bergh, berw, berwe n. hill, barrow V 580, A VI 67, C VII227. [OE beorg] berye«. grape C II28. [OEberie] berynge ger. 1. hauling C VIII 198. 2. demeanour, bearing X 262, XV 202, XIX/XXI 255; conduct XI 302, XIII 276, A X 115. 3. ~fals witnesse perjury V88, C XVI 363. berkev. barkC 1X262. [OEbeorcan] berkeres«. sheepdogs C 1X261. [fr. v.] bern n. building for storing and threshing corn IV 57, A IV 44, C IV 60; pi. VI 183, A VII 171, C XII 214; fig. XIX/XXI 344. [OE] bernes see BARN. bernard n. St Bernard of Clairvaux IV 121, A XI41, C XVI 222. best adj. superl. w. contextual sense: attr. most expensive V 268, C VI 228, valuable C III 427, pleasing to God XI 257, C XII 143, distinguished XII 147, generous XIII 170, free of stains and patches XIII 313, righteous XIX/XXI 433; pred. most intrinsically valuable I 85, A I 83, C I 81, spiritually beneficial V 291, X 399, XX/XXII 207, C V 38, excellent C VI 41, appropriate VI 203, A VII 189, C X 190, advantageous IV 87, XIII 289, A IV 74, C III 384, acute XIII 291, true XV 586, C XVII 297; as 18

best - by

Glossary

Bartholomew) II 110, A V 171, C V 134. bettre n. moral superior, better XI 382. [fr. adj.] bettre, bettere, betere adj. comp. w. contextual sense: more excellent XVII 175, C XVI 179, XVIII 86; more valuable, precious I 208, XIV 209, XVI 267, A I 182, C I 1 3 6 , VI 243, 382; of better quality XVII 332, C XIX 312; more effective, efficient III 129, XII 296, A III 118, C XXII 16, 318; more advantageous IV 92, A IV 79, C IV 88; preferable Pr 191, XVIII 310, C XX 344; spiritually more beneficial XI 258, XV 73, C XVI 234; furthered IV 93, A IV 80, C IV 89; better circumstanced XII 274, C XIV 196; as n.: better religion XII 288, C XIV 210; better parentage II 28, A II 21, C II 30; better instruction VI 165, A VII 150, C VIII 162; better circumstances 18, IV 193, A I 8, C I 8; better mode of life C XII 141; better reward C XIV 136; better outcome IV 90, A IV 77, C IV 86. [OE bet(e)ra\ bettre, bettere, betere, beter adv. comp. w. contextual sense: more effectively, successfully Pr215, V 47, A VII 138, C Pr 120, VII 276; more carefully IX 10, XI 387, A X 10, C X 137; more skilfully, learnedly X 388, A XI 270; more closely Pr 66; more confidently X 383, CXI 208; more generously VII 33, A VIII 35, C I X 3 6 ; more readily V 44, A V 36, C V 142; as intensifier more Pr 31, III 272, V 234, A XI 31, C Pr 33; do be ~ behave less sinfully I 34, V 17, A I 32, C XIV 11; do ~ become more saintly A X 89, XII 3; fynde be ~ recover, be cured XV 426. [fr. adj.] beuerages, beuereges, beuerechis n. drinks to seal agreements V 337, A V 186, C VI 395. [AF] by, bi, be prep. 1. of location by, at, near Pr 8, V 220, A V 62, C IX 142; beside VI 4, A VII 4, C II 183, III 11; on IX 142, XIII 316, A XII 115; in VIII 63, X 311, A IX 54, C I 1 1 7 , 1X32, X 62(1); at V 519, A VI 7, C VII 164; with I 30, A III 37, C III 171; of motion along V 566, XIII 220, XVIII 86, A VI 53, C XIII 42; past V 577, X 164, A VI 64, C VI 353; to V 572, XVII 123, A VI 59, C XVIII241. cam- acquired C V 6.

pron. w. def. art. most effective spiritual council I 42, VI 21, A I 40, VIII 62, C VIII 19, best breed and performance II 163, A II 127, conduct of government IV 9, A IV 9, C IV 9, course of action IV 30, VI 210, A VII 196, CPr214, ale V 220, A VII 290, C VIII 328, victuals VI 300, A VII 284, purpose XI 198, C XVI 21, outcome V 483, X 373, C VII 125, road to perfection C XII 167; do thermid here ~ turn to best account C III 253 [OEbet(e)st] best(e) adv. most effectively V 24, A VII 105, C VIII 249; to best effect C V 43; most fully VI 87, A VII 79; most righteously 1X99, CX110; most highly X 190, XV 156, A XI 142, C VIII 249(2); most VII 24, XVIII 374, A XI 195, C IX 28; most handsomely C XII 105; unmistakably C IX 249. [OEbetst] bet adv. w. contextual sense better V 592, A VII 44, C VII 240; more effectively A I 127; more virtuously, righteously A X 82, XI 91, C XIV 10; w. better right XVIII 329, C XX 372; more closely A Pr 63; more in keeping w. the Great Commandment XI 175, C X 188; w. copula adj. better off C V 96. [OE] bete(n) v.(l) relieve, remedy VI 237, A VII 221, C VIII 245. [OEbetan] bete(n)v.(2) 1. beat, strike IV 107, V 33, A VII 71, CIII 238, XX 98; pr.t.Bsg. IV 59, A IV 46; pa.t.lsg. X 181, A XI 133, C XI 121; punched, knocked XX/XXII 191; imp.sg. V 446, AV218, C VII 60; abs.pr.t.lsg. C VI 141; ~ adoun destroy XVIII 253, C XX 262; fig. pa.t.Bsg. VI 178. 2. beat, punish XI 431, XX 27, C VIII 163; pa.t.Ssg. C Pr 115; pp. IV 93, A IV 80, C IV 89; Jig. correct by punishment X 323, 326, C V 169. 3. pa.t.3sg. forged C XX 282. 4. by melon. comforts XII 12. 5. pound, beat cloth in washing it XIV 19, XV 190; pr.t.Ssg. C XVI 334. [OEbeatan] bethlem, bethleem, bedlem, bedlehem n. Bethlehem in Judea V 527, A VI 15, C XIV 93. betyng ger. beating XIII 147, A X 85, C XV 147. beton, betene n. woman's nickname, Big Bess V 33, A V 148, C V 135; gen. C VI 353. bette n. man's nickname, Batty (for 19

by - bidde(n)

Glossary

2. of time in V 317, XII 236, A V 166, C IX 244; by C IV 47; during VI 101, XI 135, C VII 111, VIII 233; ~ bis day today V 393, XIII 106, C VII 9; this very day IV 178, C IV 172; the same day A VII 170; ~ bat then VI 290, A VII 274, C VIII 321; dyned ~ bis day had my dinner VI 279, A VII 263, C VIII 301. 3. of amount or extent by VI 328, XVII 61, XX/XXII314, A IV 29; ~ fele/many fold many times XI 258, XII 266, C XII 144; to the extent of V 95, X259, A V 7 5 , VII 36, C VIII 282, IX 17; ~ so muche to that extent III 353, V 501, C VII 141; as far as V 631, XI 256, A VI 116, C VII 284; ~ fer to remotely comparable w. XX/XXII 23. 4. in accordance w. I 22, II 134, 166(1), IV 178, A I 92, III 7, C I 22, IV 172, VI 341; as befitted XVIII 173; according to I 90, VI 252, XIV 126, A VIII 109, C I 118, VI 382; as ~ to go by XIV 155; ~ hymselue in his own estimation XIII 282, C VI 36; ~ si3te of according to I 134, A I 180, C I 201; as ~ sighte in appearance XIX/XXI 453; as ~ his lokes to go by his expression C XI 265; ~ kynde naturally XIV 43; ~ tale counted out V249; -whatway how C I 138; ~ wille arbitrarily IV 70, A IV 56. 5. of concern or reference about V 180, X 13(1), XI 298, A VI 102, C III 288, VI 70, X 165; in the case of X 303, XI 154, XV 73, A X 105, C X 38, 41; with I 28, X411, A I 28; for IV 137, A IV 120; 0031 ~ of no concern to Pr 80, A Pr 77, C Pr 78; lete/sette ~ value(d) X 37, XI 2, A XI 29, C V 3 , 1X303; abs. ylet ~ esteemed C III 205, V 3. 6. of means or instrument: by means of, through I 139, II 79, 125, A V 1 3 1 , VIII 63, C II 4, 141, IV 194; fig. V 150, C VI 125; through the influence of XV 477; on the authority of IV 71, X 113, 383, A II 36, C III 307, VIII 88; in oaths Pr 165, A II 133, C Pr 103; by right of XI 124, C XII 59; from Pr 52, V 524, A VI 12, C IV 154; of signification by III 326, XII 259, XV 481, A IX 24, C XII 178, XIII 133; w. physical sense by II 196, III 10, A VII 159, C VI 409; fig. IX 19. 7. of agency by III 261, XV 305, A III 240, C III 144, IV 175. 8. of circumstances in II 114, A II 78, XVI 95, C II 118,

XII 36; ~ good fayth honestly C VI 341; to the accompaniment of XVIII 8, CXX7; by III 15, 231, A Pr 94, C III 16; ~ hymselue in himself XVI 185; as such C XIX 141; on his own XIII 284; for his part C X 238; apart V 219, A V 135, C VI 227; ~ his one independently XVI 183; ~ here one separately C XX 316; ~ 1 ofte and ~ grounde in height and extent XVIII 45; pol ~ pol individually C XII 10; ~ so provided (that) XI 74, XII 166, C IV 98, 187. 9. of cause because of Pr 203, XVII 344, CPr211, VI 40. [OEbi\ by adv. quasi-enclitic by XII 95, XV 255, XIX 468, C XIX 177. [fr. prec.] bible n. 1. the writings of the Old and New Testaments III 274, A VII 215, C III 485. 2. tome, large book XIII 185, CXI 114. [AF] bicche n. bitch V 346, A V 194, C VI 404. [OEbicce] bicomev. 1. become XX/XXII 380, A Pr 91; pa.t.Ssg. V 485, A XI 94, C XIII 20; pi XI 202, A I 112, C XII 110. 2. pr.t.3sg. befits, is fitting (for) III 209, XIX/XXI 99, A III 196, C V 61, VIII 47. 3. pa.t.3sg. ended up, got to C XV 149; pi. V 642. [OE becuman] bidde(n) v. 1. ask, request XII 112; pr.t.pl III 219, A III 206, C XIV 57; pa.t.lsg. VIII 124, XVI 65, A IX 114, C X 120; 3sg. V 322, XIX/XXI 143, A V 171, C VI 379; pr.subj.sg. A I 138. imp.sg. V290, C VI 345; pi V 601, A VI 88, C VII 248; pa.t.Ssg. invited XI 121, C XII 56; pi XVIII 53, C XX 53; pp. II 55, A II 34, C II 58. 2. beg (as a mendicant), ask for alms C VI 49; pr.t.Ssg. VII 81; imp.pl VII 84. 3. pray V 229, 502, XII 274, A V 145, C VI 169, VII 142; pa.t.Ssg. A XII 106; pr.subj.pl. C XIV 29; imp.sg. V 592, A V218, C VII 240; pr.t.lsg. trans. V 400, C VII 16; intercede XVII 246, C XIX 212; pa.subj.sg. VIII 106, A IX 96. 4. pr.t.Ssg. orders, commands IX 15, A XI 151, CIII 307; pa.t.Ssg. 1110, A I 108, C V 126; abs. gives orders C XI 43. 5. direct, enjoin XV 312; pr.t.Ssg. XV 219, C IV 117, XV 76; pa.t.3sg. II 145, A VIII 5, C VI 169; pi C XV 26; imp.sg. VI 216, A VII 202, C VIII 226; pa.t.Ssg. counselled XI 322, C XI 175; pr.t.pl 20

bidde(n) - bigynne(n)

Glossary

XIV 213, A VI 11, C XVI 54; ~ ne bihynde anywhere XV 153; byhynde or ~ behind his back or to his face C VI 117. 2. of time already VI 242, A VII 226; in advance, beforehand XIV 139, XV 320, 360, C III 303, IV 21; earlier V 9, A V 10, C V 109; longe ~ since long ago XIX/XXI 55. 3. ofdeg. putte ~ preferred XI 254, C XII 141; as adj. w. copula prominent XX/XXII 288. [OE beforan] biforeprep.1 . oflocationin front of, before Pr 183, XIII 82, C V 106, IX 255; as entertainers XIII 439, C VII 99; as preacher XIII 74, C V 113; of judicial presence before III 115, 186, A III 104, C III 2, IV 30; fig. C XIII 35; in the presence of XIII 65, XVIII 80, C X 180, XII 160; ~ hem to their face XI 393. 2. of time before V 377, XV 302, C III 293, XVII 60. 3. of degree more than XI 189; as superior to XV 369, C XVII 201; above XIX/XXI 443. [fr. adv.] bygat v. pa.t.3sg. fathered, begot C I 29; pp. C X 209; conceived C XIV 31; ~ was he neuere he had no human father C II 147. [OE bigetan, bigi(e)tan] bigge, byg adj. strong, sturdy VI 213, A VII 199, C XVIII 135. [OSc] biggyng pr.p. dwelling V 130. [cp. OI

urge A III 26; pa.t.3sg. II 212, A l l 171, X 165, C VIII 205; pi. Ill 27, C III 28; pr.t.Bsg. tells IX 94; pa.t.3sg. VI 155; A XII 36, C VIII 151. 6. colloc. w. beggen offer prayers to induce almsgiving VI 237, A VII 221; pr.t.Bsg. VII 67, A VIII 69, C XVI 372; pi. XI 278; prp. XV 227, C XVI 352. 7. ~ meschaunce wish bad luck (to) XIII 324, C VI 69. [OE biddan w. senses fir. beodari] bidderes n. in phr. ~ and beggars, beggeris and ~ mendicant beadsmen, beggars who offer prayers in return for alms Pr 40, XV 205, A VII 189, C Pr 41. [OE] biddyngger. 1. prayer III 219, XI 153, A III 206; pi. XV 426; bede(s) ~ a devotional life XIX/XXI 375; in phr. wibouten bede ~ unexpressed XI 150, C XII 85. 2. request, urging V 584, A V I 71. 3. direction, command 177, A II 51, CIII 418; pi. C X 9 8 . bydels see BEDEL. bide(n) v. 1. endure, experience XVIII 310; intr. wait in patience XX/XXII 48. 2. remain A X 168; imp.pl IX 137; prp. as adj. resolute XX/XXII 142. [OE bidan} bidowe n. two-edged dagger A XI 214. [AF] bidropped pp. spattered, dirtied in places XIII 320. [cp. OE dropian] bienfait n. 1. kind act, favour V 429, C VII 42. 2. virtuous conduct V 612, A V I 98, C VII 264. [AF bienfaite] biennals, bienalis, bionales n.pl. endowed programme of masses said periodically over two years for the repose of a departed soul VII 176, A VIII 154, C IX 321. [AF and L] bifalle, befalle v. 1. happen, come to pass XIX/XXI 242; turn out XVI 60, XX/XXII 350; pa.t.3sg. A VIII 147, C XVIII 166; w. dat. obj. Pr 6, A Pr 6, C Pr 7; - o f happened to, became of V 471, A V 245, C VI 325; faire 3OW ~ may you have good fortune A V 42; pr.subj. V 58, C V 199. 2. pr.t.Bsg. is appropriate, fitting C IX 129; pa.t.3sg. XI 295, C XIII 109; pa.subj.sg. XV 104. 3. pr.t.Bsg. appertains to I 52, A I 5 0 ; pa.t.sg. C XX 379. [OE befeallan] bifore adv. 1. of location in front V 523,

byggja

bigilev. 1. outwit X 198, XVIII 162, C XX 165; pp. XVIII 339, C XX 327; get the better of XIII 360, C XI 17; pr.t.pl. swindle C III 92; ~ of deprive of by swindling C III 95. 2. lead into sin X 123, XI 41, A XI 83, C I 37; pr.t.pl. XIV 204, C XVI 45; deceive C XIV 5; pa.t.Bsg. XVIII 160, C XX 163; pp. led into error of belief XV 412. 3. pr.t.Ssg. confuses XV 372, C XVII 108; pa.t.2sg. deluded C XX 326; pr.subj.sg. C XV 77; pp. misled X 262; pp. made a fool of XVIII 293, C XX 323. [ME: cp. AF giler} bigynne(n), begynne v. 1. make a start, begin VI 167, A VII 152, C VIII 164; pr.tpl II 74, A II 56; pa.t.Bsg. XIV 149; pr.subj.sg. C IX 244; pa.t.Bsg. originated V 287, C VI 342. 2. start, set about, begin (sthing) C V 100, 102; pr.t.Bsg. V296, XVIII 181, A V 146, C VI 350; pa.t.Bsg. V 390, C VI 180; pi 21

bigynne(n) - bilye

Glossary

V 340. 3. pa.t.Ssg. created, brought into existence XVIII 161, C I 104. 4. as emph. modal pa.t.sg. XVIII 48, C XX 48; pi V 337, A V 186, C VI 395. [OE beginnan] bigynnyng, begynnyiig n. beginning XVIII 191, A X 80, C VIII 238, XVIII 203; by melon, creation XIV 159, C XIX 113. [fr. v.] bigirdles n. purses, moneybags VIII 88, A 1X79, CX85. [OEbigyrdel] byglosedest v. pa.t.2sg. deluded w. sophistical arguments C XX 380. [ME] bigruccheb v. pr.t.Ssg. begrudges, objects to VI 67, A VII 61, C VIII 155; pi. C VIII 68. [ME fr. AF grucher] bihesterc. promise III 127, A III 116, C X 250; pi. XV 313, C XX 320. [QEbehes] bihynde adv. in back, at/in the rear III 34, A III 33, C III 37; leue ~ to desert C XV 7; put ~ disregarded, neglected XIV 208, C XVI 49; inpers. behind people's backs XIX/XXI 340; w. copula as adj. in the rear XV 437, XVII 107; in arrears V426, C VII 39. [OEbehindan] bihynde prep, behind VII 110, A VIII 92, C IX 284; ~ me when my back is turned XVI 49; ~ ... bak in ... absence V 94, A V 7 4 , CVI69. [fr. adv.] byhoftew. use, benefit C XII 188. [cp. OE behoj] biholde v. 1. pr.t.lsg. see, perceive V 111, A V 91; pa.t.lsg. VII 110, XV 227, A VIII 92, C XIII 156. 2. look XI 9; pr.t.2sg. VII 143, A VIII 125; pa.t.lsg. Pr 13, A Pr 13, C XIII 134. 3. look closely at, examine XVII 68, C XIX 67. [OE behealdan] bihote v. I . pr.t.lsg. vow V 454, A VII 262, C VII 68; pa.t.3sg. V 64, A V 47, C VI 5; pa.t.Bsg. promised III 29, A III 28, C XVIII 245; pr.t.sg. assure C VIII 237. 2. pa.t.lsg. decreed XVIII 332, C XX 375. [OEbehdtan] bihoueb v. impers. is necessary VII 134, XVIII 399, A VIII 116, C VII 295; is requisite, called for V 38, XVII 319; is obligatory A X 74; hym ~ (he) is constrained to be VIII 33, A IX 29; in personal use needs C IX 89. [OE behofian] byiapede v. pa.t.Ssg. deluded, made a fool of C I 63; pp. mocked XVIII 293, C XX 323. [AF *japer, cp. japery]

bikenne v. pr.t.lsg. commend II 50, A IX 50, CII53. [ME] bikere v. pr.subj.pl. struggle, fight XX/XXII 79. [? MDu bikkere, AF bekier] biknowen v. 1. admit Pr 205, CPr213; pr.t.sg. C V 92; pa.t.pl XIX/XXI 149; pr.t.sg. confess V 198, A V 114, C VI 206. 2. abs. pa.t.3sg. professed his faith X 422, C XI 254. 3. pp. of acknowledged importance III 33, A III 32, C III 36. 4. known for, recognized as CXIII 11. [OEbecndwan] bile».(l) beak, bill XI 358. [OEbile] biles «.(2) ulcers, boils, abscesses XX/XXII 84.[OEbyl] bileue, beleue n. 1. faith (in the Christian religion) X 250, 355, 465, 470, A XI 307, C XI 295, XV 186, fig. XIX/XXI 334. 2. religion (as a system of doctrine) X207, XI 110, XV 608, A VIII 159, C VII 73, XIII 90, XVI 233; doctrine X 353, XII 286, C IX 219, XVII 253. 3. the Apostles' Creed V 7, A V 7. 4. lele ~ faith expressed in virtuous conduct XIV 46, C XVII 22; fig. C XVII 127; parfit ~ fulfilled religion, faith perfected in deeds XIV 193, C XVII 266. 5. the virtue faith XII 291, XVII 213, C XI 158, XIX 194. 6. conviction XVI 238, C XI 129; confidence XV 358, C VIII 97. [OEgeleafa] bileue(n) v.(l) 1. abandon, desist from XV 73; leave behind C XII 212; intr. leave off, desist VI 179, A VII 164, C VIII 176. 2. pr.t.Bsg. stays, abides C III 348. [OE beldfanw. sense ofbeltfan] bileue, bileeue v.(2) 1. believe (in a doctrine, faith, God) w. in/on I 81, X 118, XV 492, XVI 200, A XI 77, C III 357; pr.Usg. C XI 130; 3sg. C XVII 135; pi. XV 394, 504, C XVII 187, 255; pa.t.Ssg. XIV 87; pi C X 191; pr. subj.pl. XVIII 260, C XX 268; imp.pl X 124. 2. trans, hold to be, accept as true, believe XV 518, XIX/XXI 120, C XVII 269; pr.Usg. XIX/XXI 173, C XVIII 249; 2sg. XIX/XXI 177; pi. XIX/ XXI 181; abs. pr.t.pl. possess the virtue of faith C XVI 359, XIX 35; leliche ~ believe in the true religion C XVII 133. [LOE belyfan, belejhn fr. OE gelefan] bilye v. 1. slander V 407; pp. falsely accused II 22, A V 76, C IX 182. 2.

22

bilye - biside

Glossary

VII 77, C VIII 94. [fr. v.] biquejje v. pr. subj. sg. bequeath XIII 10, C XV 12. [OE becwejtan] bireue v. w. dat. take away from VI 246, C VIII 257; pp. A VII 230. [OE bereafian] birewe v. pr. subj. sg. regret XII 252. [ME] biseche(n), biseke, beseke v. 1. beseech, entreat (sbody) X 146, A V 52, C XI 84; pr.t.lsg. I 60, A I 58, C I 56; pa.t.3sg. Ill 87, A III 76, C III 115; pi. IV 112, A IV 99, C XVIII 140; beg V 69; pa.t.sg. IV 94, A IV 81, C IV 90; apply XI 56. 2. w. spiritual sense pray: abs. C XVII 244; pray (for sthing) XIII 384, C VI 273; pr.t.lsg. V 469, A V 243; imp.sg. V 281; pr.t.lsg. beg, beseech sbody (for sthing) C VI 16; pa.t.3sg. I 170, V 465, A V 237, C VI 319; pr. subj.sg. C VI 92; beseech (sbody for sthing on behalf of sbody) V 478, C VII 120. [OEbesecan] bisechyng, besekyng ger. request X 156, A XI 108. biseged(e)pp. besieged XX/XXII215. [cp AF asseger] biseye pp. seen to, dealt w. XX/XXII 202. [OE beseon] bysemede v. impers. pa.t. hym - he had the look of C IX 249. [ME] bisette(n) v. employ, put to use V 263, 291, C VI 254, 346; pa.t.3sg. XII 47; invest V 261; bestow XV 324. [OE besettan] bisherewed v. pa.t.Ssg. cursed IV 168. [ME] bishetten, bischytten v. pa.t.pi. enclosed, shut up II 216, A II 175, C II 226; pp. al w. doors and windows shut XIX/XXI 167. [OE cp. unscyttan] bishined v. pa.t. sg. illuminated, made radiant XV 517, C XVII 268. [OE bescinan] bisy, besy, busy adj. preoccupied I 6, A I 6, C I 6 ; diligent XIII 251, C XV 222; solicitous VII 123, A VIII 105. [OE bisig] biside adv. as well, in addition VI 150, A II 42; emph. - forb XVII 25. [OE hi sidan] biside prep, of place, beside C VI 54; at the side of XVIII 72, C XX 74; of distance not far from XVII 75, C XIX 74. [fr. prec.]

pr.t.Bpl. falsify, pervert X 22; pr.t.pl. delude w. lies C XX 355. [OE beleogan] bilyue, bileue, belyue n. necessities of life, means of subsistence Vll 123, A VIII 105, C I 18. [OEbileofa] bille n. (legal) petition, plea preliminary to an indictment at law IV 47, A IV 34, C IV 45; petition, formal request on appeal XIII 247. [AF] bilongeb v. 1. pr.t.Ssg. is due, owed IX 80. 2. pr.t.Ssg. lies in, is a matter of Pr 110. 3. pr.t.Ssg. is requisite X 254, 363, C IX 263; pi. XVI 191, C XVIII 200. 4. w. dat. is appropriate, fitting C V 69; ~ for C IX 231. 5. -to is the property (of) XVII 179, C I 4 3 , XIX 144; pi. -in are properties of XVII 166; are part of C VII 271. [OE belangian] biloue v. refl. imp.sg. make (your)self liked VI 228; pp. liked, popular III 212, C III 268. [ME] bilowen see BILYE. bymeene v.(l) signify, betoken 111, A I 58, C I 11; pr.t.Ssg. Pr 209, C I 1; means, portends XVIII 170, C XX 173; pa.t.3sg. XVIII 18, C XX 16; pr.t.Ssg. is signified XV 481. [ME] bymeneb v.(2) pr.t.pl. grieve for, lament the death of XV 147. [OE bem<enari\ bymolenv. soil, dirty XIV 4, 23. [ME] bynde(n) v. 1. confine II 210; pp. C I 121; fetter XVIII 34, C XX 278; pa.t. 3sg. XVIII 403, C XX 446; pp. XIX/ XXI 57; fig. Ill 353, A X 56; tied up B XVIII 97, C XX 100; (in feudal sense) unfree, servile C X 263; subject C XIII 80. 2. bind morally, impose penance Pr 101, XIX/XXI 189, C Pr 129. 3. - aboute reenforce w. tie-beam or binding joints, repair VII 28, A VIII 30; pp. yren - reenforced w. iron XIV 247, C Pr 97. 4. pa.Usg. bandaged XVII 73, C XIX 72. 5. pp. tied, fastened Pr 178, C Pr 195; wound about V 517, A VI 5, C VII 162. [OEbindan] bynebe adv. below, lower down, Pr 15, A Pr 15, C VI 180. [OEbineofran] bynymen v. appropriate X 327; take away C III 321; pa.t.3sg. VI 241, A VII 255, C VIII 253; pp. Ill 314. [OEbeniman] biquasshed v. pa.t.sg. shattered XVIII 248. [cp. OE gecw<£ccari\ biqueste n. testament, last will VI 85, A

23

bisily - blame

Glossary

bisily see BUSILY. bisynesse n. worldly concern XIV 320, C XVI 155. [ME] bisitte, besette v. afflict, oppress II 141, X 365, A II 105, C II 157. [OE besittan] bislabered, byslobered pp. w. unwashed face V385, CVII1. [ME] bismere, bismares, busmares n. vilification V 88; pi. humiliations XIX/XXI 294.[OEbismer] bisnewed/jp. covered XV 112, C XVI 267. [OEbesniwod] bispered v. pa.t. 3 sg. locked away XV 143. [OE besparrian] bisshop n. bishop, church dignitary of that rank or higher Pr 78, A Pr 94, C X 98; pi. Pr 87, A III 138, C IV 120 . [OE bisceop] bistowe v. bestow, give VII 74. [ME cp. OE stowian] bistrideb v. pr.t.Bsg. mounts XVII 81, C XIX 78. [OE bestndan] biswatte v. pa.t.3sg. made sweaty, stained w. sweat XIII402. [ME] biswynke v. earn, get by working VI 213, A VII 199, C VIII 223; pr.t.pl. C VIII 259; produce by labour XV 488, C VIII 140. [OE beswincan] byte n. morsel, mouthful XVIII 202, C XX 207. [OEbita] byteche v. pr.t.lsg. commend to the care of C XV 182. [OEbetacan] bitelbrowed, betilbrowid adj. w. craggy brows, scowling V 190, A V 109, C VI 198. [?] biten v. bite XIX/XXI 338, C XVII 29; pa.t.Ssg. V83, A V 6 6 ; abs. pr.t.lsg. C VI 141. 2. feed on XIV 23; prp. eating XIII 47, C XV 53. 3. intr. smart, sting XX/XXII 361; pr.t.pl. XX/XXII 359; fig. prp. severely critical C IX 16. [OE bitan] bythenke v. pr.t.lsg. brood on, scheme C VI 107. [OE bepencan] bitide, betide v. happen, come to pass XV 362; pr.t.Bsg. happens (to sbody), befalls XI 403, C XIII 211; pa.t.3sg. XII 116, C XIV 61; pr.subj.sg. in phr. blisse/ meschaunce/wo ... ~ may ... befall (sbody) II 118, III 167, XVI 180, A l l 82, III 154, C III 158. [ME cp. OE ttdan] bityme(s) adv. in good time, promptly V 638, A VI 123, C VII291. [ME]

bitokneb v. 1. pr.t.Bsg. symbolizes, stands for XV 466, XVI 210, C XIX 120; pi. XII 241, C XVIII 26. 2. pr.t.Bsg. portends, presages XVIII 127, C XVIII 263; pi. C XII 203; pa.t.3sg. C XVIII 162. [ME: cp. OE tdcnian] bitrayev. 1. betray X 131, A XI 84; pa.t. 3sg. XVI 150. 2. delude, mislead I 39, V 444, A V 216, C VII 58; pr.t.Bsg. C I 66; pp. I 70, A I 68. [ME: cp. AF trair] bytrauayle, betrauaile v. pr.t.lsg. produce by toil C XV 209; imp.pl. C VIII 241. [ME] bitter n. bitterness V 120, A V 59. [fr. adj.] bitter, bittere, bittre, bittur adj. bitter XI 260, C XII 147; cruelly painful XII 12. 2. cruel XI 153, XIII 44, C XV 49; grievous C IV 181. 3. violent, fierce XVIII 64, CXX66. [OE biter] bitternesse n. fig. bitter suffering, anguish XVIII 363, C XX 401. [OE byternyss] bittre, bittere, bitere adv. sorely, dearly, painfully III 251, X 286, C XIII 16; comp. C XVI 221; severely XX/XXII 27. \fr. adj.] bittrely, bitterly adv. 1. sorely, dearly A III 230. 2. in bitterness of heart XI 31, C III 145. [fr. adj.] bytulye v. imp.pl. produce by tilling the soil C VIII 241. [ME] bitwene prep. 1. of relation between I 160, V 72, A V 79, C VIII 157, X 274. 2. of location between III 130, IV 45, A IV 32, VII 165, C III 382. 3. of distribution between C XII 126. [OE betweonum] bitwene adv. in between Pr 17, A Pr 17, C Pr 19; at intervals IX 172, A X 193; quasi-adj. ellip. between V 175, C VI 157; w. copula mene ~ intermediary VII 202, A IX 114, C X 120. [fr. prep.] biwicched, bywiched v. pa.t.pl. cast a spell upon XIX/XXI 156. [ME] biwiled v. pr.t.Bsg. deceived, deluded X 109. [ME] biyete n. offspring, child II 41. [cp. OE begietari] biyonde n. overseas, abroad III 110, A IV 111, CIII 147. [OE begeondan] blak adj. black X 442, C XVI 268. [OE blaec] blame v. reprove, rebuke X 264, 292, C V 172, XIII 238; pr.t.3sg. VII 89, C IX

24

blame - blo(o)d

Glossary

XVI 254, C XVIII 270. 5. pp. as adj. holy, sacred II 3, XI 168, A II 3, C XX 473; saintly CX180; favoured (by God) VI 252, X 408, C XVII 163; chosen for eternal bliss V 495, A X 115, C VII 135, VIII 259; of saintly life Pr 78, A Pr 75, CPr76; righteous XIV 320, C XVI 155; fortunate XIV 35; comp. XI 258, C XII 144; pi. as n. chosen ones C XVII 59. 6. intr. prt.pl. live righteously A VIII 13. [OE bletsian] blessynge ger. grace and favour A VII 236; (papal) benediction XIII 249, C XV 227. [cp. OE bletsung] blete v. bleat C XVII 38. [OE bl&an] blew adj. dark, livid C III 126. [AF] blynda^'. 1. sightless, blind VI 121, 136, XII 105, A VII 130; C VII 107; as coll. n. blind folk VI 191, XVI 108, A VIII 84, C IX 97; gener. be ~ a blind man XVIII 95, C X X 9 8 ; spiritually blind V 612, X272, A VI 98, C VII 264. 2. dim XVII 266, C XIX 232; ineffectual C IX 261. [OE blind] blisse, blis n. 1. material happiness, wellbeing X63, XI 26, 333, A XI 49, CXI 45; - o f be briddes joyous birdsong VIII 64, A IX 55; birdsong C X 67; festive ceremony III 103, A III 92, C III 11. 2. divine splendour III 232, X 108, A II 30, C I 104, XI 201. 3. (celestial) bliss Pr27, 1113, XIV 112, AIV 91, C XI 260; the bliss of Eden A XI 419. [OE blis] blisse(n)v. 1. gladden X 202, A XI 151. 2. exult, rejoice in XVI 237, C XVIII 253. [OE blissian] blibe adj. cheerful, happy III 27, A III 26, C III 28; pleased II 158, A II 122, C II 174. [OEbfye] blody adj. bloody, bloodstained IV 78, XIX/XXI 13, A IV 64, C VI 150; the colour of blood XIX/XXI 6; haemorrhaged XVI 111; -breberen blood brothers VI 207, XI 202, A VII 193, C XII 110, 116. [OEblodig] blo(o)d, blode, bloed n. 1. blood XVI 237, C XV 67, 155; ~ shedyng martyrdom XII 285, C XIV 207; as bearer of the body's spirits A X 55; Christ's sacrificial blood V 493, C XII 59, 109; flessh and ~ (Christ's) human nature I 155, C I 151. 2. kinship, descent III

166; imp.sg. X 266; find fault w. V 131, XIII 324, CVI95; pa.t.Ssg. V 94, A XI 7; abs. pr.t.Bsg. indulges in criticism XV 252; to ~ guilty, at fault VIII 55, A V 30, C III 306; pp. found at fault, guilty III 287, IX 92, A X 66, C XIII 124; in disfavour III 283, C III 436. [AF blamer] blamelees adj. without guilt, blameless XI 315, CXIII 127. [ME] blameworby adj. open to rebuke, blameworthy X 266. [ME] blancmanger, blaunmanger n. minced chicken or fish cooked w. rice XIII 92, C XV 99. [AF] blanket n. blanket C IX 255. [AF] blase n. flame XVII 216, C XIX 182. [OE] blase(n) v. burn brightly, blaze XVII 236, C XIX 202; pr.t.Ssg. XVII 223, C XIX 189; pa.t.Ssg. XVIII 233, C XX 242; fig. XVII 226, C XIX 192; pr.t.pl. XVII 266, C XIX 232. [ME] blasen n. blazon, heraldic device XVI 179. [AF blason] blede v. 1. be shed, flow XVIII 395, C XX 438. 2. pa.t.Ssg. shed, bled XIX/ XXI 323; pi. XVI 237, C XVIII 253; intr. pa.t.Ssg. shed blood XIX/XXI 107, A XII 117; fig. pa.t.Ssg. ~ into the bodyward medically introduced A VII 167. [OEbledan] blenche v. turn aside V 580, A VI 67, C VII 227. [OEblencan] blende v. 1. confuse, delude X 134; throw into confusion C XX 292. 2. pa.t.Ssg. blinded V 494, C VII 134; pp. C XX 284. [OEblendan] blered v. 1. pa.t.Ssg. in phr. ~ hire ei3en hoodwinked, conned them Pr 74, A Pr 71, C Pr 72. 2. pp. rheumy, watery V 190, A V 109, C VI 198. [OE *blerian] blereighed, blereyed(e) adj. w. watery eyes, bleary-eyed XVII 330, A VII 178, C XIX 310. [fr.prec.] blesse, blissen v. 1. be thankful (to) XII 187, C XIV 126; pp. thanked XIX/XXI 437. 2. pr.t.lsg. grant salvation to XIX/XXI 181; pa.t.Ssg. C XVIII 90. 3. pr.t.Ssg. consecrates III 149, A III 138, C III 187; pa.t.Ssg. XI 237, C XII 126; pp. VII 13, XV 41, XIX/XXI 385, C IX 13; pa.t.Ssg. ordained XI 293, C XIII 107. 4. pa.t.Ssg. wished blessings upon 25

blo(o)d - bon

Glossary

205, XI 200, A III 192, C III 362, XX 419; kin XVIII 394(1), C XX 437(1). 3. descendants IX 139, A X 170, C XVII 58; gentel ~ men of good family C V 78. [OE blod] blosmede v. pa.t. pi. fig. flowered abundantly V141. [OE blostmian] blosmes n. blossoms fig. XVI 7, 35, C XVIII 10, 11. [OEblostm] blowev. 1. of wind fig. blow XVI 32, C XVIII 36; pp. driven by wind, blown V 18, A V 18, C V 120; of breath fig. pa.t.Ssg. blew V 495; pp. ~ out extinguished XVII 216, C XIX 182; of bellows blow XVII 332, C XIX 312; fig. pr.subj.sg. XVII 228, C XIX 194. 3. of a horn fig. pa.t.Ssg. sounded, blew V 342, 507, A V 190, C VII 152. [OE bldwan] bloweth v. pr.t 3 sg. blooms C XVIII 100. [OE bldwan] blowynge ger.(I) fig. blowing (as of wind) XVII 260, C XIX 226. blowynge ger.(2) blossoming, flowering XVI 26. blustreden v. pa.t pi. blundered, moved aimlessly V514, A VI 2, C VII 159. [? MLG blustern] bocches n. bubos (of the plague) XIII 249, XX/XXII84, C XV 218. [AF] bochern. butcher V 322, A V 1 7 1 , C VI 379; pi. Pr 219, A III 68, C Pr 225. [AF] bode n. command A II 51, III 251. [OE bod] bodyw. 1. body V 83, XII 48, A X 44, C V33, XVI 178; of- physical XIV 263, C XII 206; Christ's body in the sacrament XII 85, XIX/XXI385; cleneof- chaste I 195, A I 169. 2. person X 266, XI 202, C XVIII 114; pi. people C III 105; his- himself XIII 289. 3. inphr. -half front, belly XIII 316. [OEbodig] bodily adj. for the body, physical XV 576. [fr. n.] bodyward adv. into be ~ internally A VII 167. [ME] boende see BONDE. boy n. scoundrel Pr 80, A Pr 77; gen. XVIII 95, C XX 98; ruffian XVIII 75, C XX 79; common person XI 204, C XII 112; pi. good-for-nothings A VIII 75, C VIII 264; jocular boisterous servants C IX 127. [? cp. AF boies,

boisnard] boylaunt adj. boiling C XX 289. [AF boillant] bokelees adj. without a service-book XV 127. [ME] bokynghamshire n. Buckinghamshire II 110, A II 74. bokkes see BUKKES. bold, boold adj. 1. fearless, brave XVI 179, XIX/XXI 294, C XVIII 135; unafraid II 83, X 264, A XI 61, C IV 55; comp. VII 189, A VIII 167, C IX 335; confident, assured X 138, XVIII 231, XX/XXII 142, A XI 91, C VI 34; comp. IV 107, A IV 94, C IV 102; venturesome Pr 188, CPr205, VIII 201. 2. shameless, insolent XIII 280, XVIII 75, A VII 199, C VI 17, XVIII 46; superl. XIII 302. 3. physically strong VI 213, C VIII 223; eminent A Pr 90. 4. grand, fine XIII289. [OE bald} boldely, baldeliche adv. confidently VII 24, XIV 214, A VIII 26, C XVI 55, XVIII 114; arrogantly XX/XXII 70; fig. shamelessly XX/XXII 132. [fr. adj.] boldeb v. pr.t.3sg. heartens, encourages IX 15; pa.t.lsg. encouraged, cheered III 199, A III 186. [OE baldian, bealdian} boldnesse n. 1. confidence, self-assurance V 612, A VI 98, C VII 264. 2. insolence, effrontery XVIII 388, C XX 430. [fr. adj.] bole n. bull XI 342, C XIII 150. [cp. OI bolt] bolk n. belch V 390, C VII 6. [cp. OE bealcan} bollaresn. topers C IX 195. [cp. fol.] bolle n. bowl, cup V 109, A VI 7, C VII 164; fig. C XX 407. [OE holla] bollenpp. swollen, distended V 83. [ME] bollynge ger. swelling, distension VI 215, C VIII 225. bollnyng ger. swelling, distension A VII 201. [fr. fol.] bolneb v. pr.t 3 sg. swells up V 120, A V 99; pp. A V 66. [cp. OI bolgna] bolted pp. in phr. - wib irens fettered VI 136, C VIII 143. [ME fr. v.: cp OE bolt n.] bon, boon n. bone VII 94, IX 35, A VIII 76, CIX170;/?/. skeleton VI 91, A VII 83, C VIII 100; by synec. body C IX 157; on~yede was active XVIII 305, C XX 337. [OEbdn]

26

bonched - bote

Glossary

93, A IV 79, C IV 88. 4. to ~ in addition, besides XIV 238, 269, C XVI 109.[OEM booties, boetles adj. wearing no boots XVIII 11, C XX 9. [ME: cp. AF bote] bootned, botened, botind v. pa.t.Ssg. cured, healed C VIII 188; pp. VI 191, A VII 177. [OE*bdtnian] bord(e), boord, boerd n. 1. board, plank by synec. boat C X 40; pi. planks IX 135, A X 166, C X 223. 2. table VI 265, A II 52, C VIII 287. [OEbord] bordlees adj. not at a table XII 201, C XIV 140. [fr. prec.] bores, boris see BOOR. borgh, bor3, bor(e)we, boru3, borwh n. 1. one who goes surety (for sbody), guarantor IV 89, VII 82, A IV 76, C XVIII 279; ben his bold ~ assure him confidently X 138, A XI 91; vnder ~ protected by a surety XIV 191. 2. pi. baptismal sponsors 177, A I 7 5 , C I 7 4 . [OE borg] borre n. clinging seedpod, burr in phr. ~ in be brote hoarse, husky-voiced XVII 330, C XIX 310. [?OSc] borwe(n) v. 1. acquire an obligation to repay C IV 55, XVI 374; pr.t.lsg. XIX/XXI 475; 3sg. VII 81; pi. VII 82; go into debt V 288; C VI 343; pr.t.pl. buy on credit V 254; pr.t.lsg. bigge and ~ V422, C VII 35; pr.t.Ssg. ~ to yelde lives on credit XV 256, C XVII 372. 2. borrow C II 179; pr.t.Ssg. XIV 296, C XVI 131; pa.t.lsg. VI 99, A VII 91, C VIII 108; 3sg. IV 53, A IV 40, C IV 56; pp. XV 312; intr. abs. pr.t.Ssg. borrow money XX/XXII 286, C XVII 1; pa.t. 3sg. XIII 375, C XVI 315. 3. pr.subj.sg. obtain (sbody's) release as guarantor IV 109. [OEborgian] borwyngeger. borrowing C XVII 8, 27. bosard n. buzzard X 272. [AF busard] boske see BUSKE(N). bosom n. lap XVI 254, C XVIII 270; fig. in thy ~ w. you C XV 160. [OE bosum] boste(n) v. 1. brag, speak boastfully II 81, C II 88; pr.t.Ssg. XIII 280; prp. C VI 34; pp. XVII 62, C XIX 61. 2. abs. pr.t.Ssg. threatens XV 252; trans. pa.t.Ssg. VI 154, A VII 141. [fr. n.] bostere n. braggart XIII 302. [fr. v.] bote v. compensate for, make good C VI 382. [OEbotian]

bonched, bunchide, bounchede v. pa.t.Ssg. tapped, struck Pr 74, A Pr 71, CPr72. [?] bonchef n. prosperity C III 33. [AF bon chef\ bond see BYNDEN. bond n. straw rope C V 14; pi. bonds, fetters XIX/XXI 57. [cp. OI band] bondage n. bondmen and serfs as a class Pr217, APr96. [AF] bonde, boende n. tenant holding land for customary service C 111 201, XV 14; woman of that class C X 267. [OE bonda] bondeman n. feudal subordinate VI 45, C VIII 42; pi. A VII 44; unfree villager or farmer, villein gen. sg. V 193, C VI 201; pi. C Pr 223, V 68; uninfl. gen. pi. C V 70; pi indentured apprentices A X 38. [ME] book, bok(e) n. 1. an assemblage of written matter, bound or unbound, book V 235, 268; pi. V 538, A XI 308, C XI 146; lerned on ~ taught to read VII 137, A VIII 119. 2. pi. books (as a store or source of knowledge) III 55, XI 155, A VI 26, C V I 7 6 ; writings XII 274, C X I 113; fig. V 148, C XII 97. 3. fig. text X 215, A XI 158, C XVII 197. 4. the Bible P r l O l , VI 252, VIII 21, A IX 17, C VII 125, IX 120; pers. XVIII 231, C XX 240. 5. the Breviary XV 122. 6. charter, ground of entitlement XI 168. [OE hoc] boone, bone n. 1. wish, desire XI 150, C XII 85. 2. command C III 418. [cp. OI bon] boor, boer n. boar XI 342, C XIII 150; wild boar XV 299; pi. VI 30, A VII 32, C VIII 29.[OEbdr] boost, boest n. pride III 314, A I 111; arrogance XIV 223, XIX/XXI 251, C XVI 64; by melon, a feat XIV 248, C XVI 88. [AFbost] boot, boet, bote n. boat VIII 29, A IX 26, C X 36; of Noah's ark IX 137, A X 168, CX225. [OEM boote, bote n. 1. relief, remedy VI 193, XIII 340, C VIII 178; do ~ (to) amend X 272; benefit spiritually XIII 257, C XV 227. 2. release, deliverance IV 89, XIV 117, A IV 76, C XX 156; salvation XVIII 429, C XX 473. 3. fig. redress, amends XI 122, C XII 57; 'pers. IV 92, 27

hotel - bredles

Glossary

hotel n. flask, bottle C V 52; pi. XVII 71, C IX 139. [AF] botelees adj. irremediable, beyond redemption XVIII 202, C XX 207. [OE botleas] bobe 1. adj. both: (of two) Pr 78, 130, II 128, A II 54, VII 27, C I 28, II 58; corr. w. and II 6, IV 51, A IV 59, C I 18, III 65; ~ hir legges/heddes the legs/heads of both XVIII 73, C VI 150; emph. ~ two II 55, A II 34, C XIII 29; her ~ of them both C II 69; ~ cure, oure ~ of us both C VI 181, XX 371; infl. hir bober(es) of them both II 67, XVI 165; of more than two XVII 163, XIX 78, A X 136, C III 78, IV 49. 2. as pron. both, the two II 68, IV 2, A VI 15, 64, C IX 149, XIV 148. 3. as corr. conj. as well, also Pr 87, 116, IV 83, XII 88, A IV 70, XII 101, C Pr 10, 85, I 18. [OE bdpd] botons n. crosshilt-knobs XV 124. [AF] botrased, boterasid pp. supported, buttressed V 589, A VI 76, C VII 236. [ME fr. AF boteras] bou3, bouhe n. bough, branch V 32, C V 134; pi. XV 97, C XVI 249; fig. V 575, A VI 62. [OEboh] bouken v. launder by soaking in lye XIV 19; fig. XV 190; pr.t.Bsg. C XVI 334. [MDu buken] boumode see BUMMII>; bounchede see

37; pr.subj.sg. VIII 47, A IX 43; submit C IV 181; pr.subj.sg. XIII 147. 3. turned C XIII 134 imp. pi turn aside V 566, A VI 53, C VII 213. 4. inphr. -to approach C X 267. [OE bugan] bown adj. ready II 160, A III 245, C II 176. [cp. OI buinn] box«. 1. box V640, C XIII 55; alms-box XV 214; pi. chests C Pr 97. 2. jar XIII 194; pi. C IX 264. [OE box] braggere n. braggart, boaster VI 154, A VII 141. [fr.v.] braggeb v. pr.t.Ssg. boasts, brags XIII 280; prp. C VI 34; swaggering C VIII 152. [?] brayn n. brain (as the seat of reasonable intelligence) A X 54. [OE braegen] braynvfod adj. frenzied A X 61. [ME] brake n. winch in phr. bowes of ~ crossbows C XX 291. [?] brake v. vomit C VI 431. [cp. MLG braken] bran see BREN. bras n. bronze Pr 168, C Pr 185; by melon, brass pots and pans III 196, A III 183. [OE braes] brasen adj. made of brass or bronze C XX 291. [OEbrcesen] brast v. pa.t.Ssg. burst VI 178, A VII 163, C VIII 175. [OE berstan: cp. OI brast] braulynge ger. contention, strife XV 238, C XVI 363. [ME] braunche n. fig. kind, type C XVI 265; pi. types of sin XIII 409, C VII 69. [AF] brawen n. wild boar's flesh XIII 92, C XV 67; wilde ~ XIII 63. [CF braon] brawleris n. quarrelsome persons, brawlers XVI 43, C XVIII 46. [ME] brech n. drawers, pants V 175, C VI 157. [OE bre'c] bredcorn n. wheat VI 62, A VII 57, C VIII 61. [ME] brede n. breadth II 89, A III 190, C II 96. [OE bnedu] brede v.(l) raise young XII 228; pr.t.3sg. XI 348; pa.t.pl. mated XI 356, 359, C XIII 165. [OEbredan] breden v.(2) become broad, swell, get fat II 98. [OEbradan] bredyngger. raising offspring XII 219. bredles adj. without food C IX 121. [ME] bredles, bredlees adv. on scanty fare XIV 160, C V I 1 3 . [fr. adj.]

BONCHED.

bounte(e) n. 1. goodness, virtuous life C VIII 49, XVII 163. 2. kindness, good turn XIV 150. [AF] hour n. inner room, private apartment II 65, 103, A III 14, CIII 11, VI 228; fig. A X 55. [OEM bourdeour, border n. entertainer, minstrel XIII 447, C VII 107; pi. C IX 127. [AF: cp. bourde, bourder] bourdynge pr.p. joking XV 40, C XVI 202. [ME] bourne n. as adju. of a brook Pr 8, A Pr 8. [OE burna] bouste, boyste n. box XIII 152, A XII 69. [AF boiste] boute see BUGGE(N). bowerc. bow XX 117, C XXII 117; pi. C XX 291. [OEboga] bowe see BOU3. bowe(n) v. 1. bow in reverence XIX/XXI 17. 2. pr.t.Bsg. yields, gives way C X 28

b r e e d - breed -

Glossary

XIX 232; prp. of fever high XX/XXII 84. 2. trans, destroy by fire C III 238; imp.sg. Ill 267, A III 250, C III 423; pp. XVIII 255; pp. refined V 268. 3. suffer torment of fire XI 133, C XII 68. [cp. OI brenna] brennyng ger. burning at the stake XV 83. brere, breere n. briar A X 124, C II 28; pi. briar twigs C VI 402. [OEbrer] brest«. chest, breast V 120, 390, A V 9 9 , C V 106; fig. heart XV 190, C XVI 334; of the wound in Christ's side XI 121, C XII 56. [OEbreost] bretful, bratful adj. full to the brim Pr41, APr 41, CPr42. [OSc] brebyngger. breathing XI 358. bretoner n. Breton, discharged Breton mercenary VI 154, A VII 161, C VIII 152. [AF Breton] breuet n. episcopal letter of authorization Pr 74, A Pr 71, C Pr 72; pi. V 640; official message C XIII 55. [AF] breuhwyf n. woman who brews and sells ale in her house C VI 354. [ME] brew, breu3 v. pa.t.Ssg. brewed V 217, A V 133, C VI 225; pp. fig. XVIII 363, C XX 401. [OEbreowan] brewecheste adj. fig. as epithet trouble maker, strife promoter XVI 43. [ME] brewere, breware n. brewer XIX 396, C III 104; pi. Ill 79, A III 68, C Pr 225. [fr. v.] brewestere, breustere n. ale-wife V 298, A V 148, C VI 353; pi. brewers (of either sex) Pr219, A VII 290, C IX 190. [fr. v.] brewhouses n. houses where ale and beer are brewed and sold C IX 98. [ME] brybours n. pillagers, freebooters XX/XXII 262. [AF] bridrc. 1. bird XII 224, XV 284; pi VIII 64, A IX 55, C IX 201, XIII 136. 2. pi. nestlings, fledgelings XI 357, C XIII 166. [OEbrid] bridale n. wedding feast II 44, A II 34, C II 58. [OE bryd-ealo] brydel n. bridle IV 22, A IV 20. [OE brldel] brief, breef n. letter of authorization XX/XXII 327. [AF] bri3t, briht adj. bright, vivid XII 222, XIV 19; of metal gleaming Pr 161, XVIII 97, C Pr 185, XX 100; of an

breed, bred n. 1. bread V 173, 437, A VII 287, C VI 155; sacramental bread, the host XII 85, XIX/XXI 385; haly ~ pax bread C VI 146; bread of ritual sacrifice XVI 244, C XVIII 261. 2. food, sustenance VI 213, VII 85, A VII 199, C V 174, IX 120. [OE bread] breeb n. breath fig. the divine word or command XIV 61, C XX 364. [OE breide v. pa.t.Ssg. reached XVII 71. [OE bregdan] breke v. 1. break XIX/XXI 338; pr.t pi. VII 94, A VIII 76, C IX 170; pa.t.Bsg. X288, C P r l l 4 ; pr.subj.sg. break offV 575, A VI 62; pp. crippled, deformed VII 102, A VIII 84, C V 33. 2. pr.t. pi. damage VI 30, A VII 32; pp. torn V 109, A V 89; ragged IX 94; torn up VIII 88, A IX 79, C X 85; destroyed XIX/XXI 344. 3. destroy the power of, overcome XVIII 253, C XX 262. 4. break open XIV 248, C XVI 88; pa.t.Ssg. XI 164; pa.t.2sg. broke into XVIII 287, C XX 380; pr.t.Ssg. ~ vp forcibly opens IV 57, A IV 44, C IV 60; intr. burst open XVIII 321, C XX 364; pp. ~ out escaped by violence XI 140, C XII 75. 5. of food pr.t 3 sg. broke into portions XI 237; pp. unconsumed, left over XIV 222, A XII 70, C XVIII 154; share w. A XI 188; -to pr.t.pi X 85, C XI 65; pa.t.Ssg. divided C XII 126. 6. of the commandments break II 83, A VIII 167, C II 90; pr.t.Ssg. fails to observe C IX 237; pa.t.2sg. C IX 277; pp. not kept, honoured Pr 71, A Pr 68, CPr69; ~ buxomnesse rebel C XX 320; pa.t.3sg. 1113, A I 111; pa.subj.sg. of a due day failed to keep, missed V 242. [OE brecan] brekynge ger. breach, violation X 323, C V169. breme adj. notable, remarkable XII 224; comp. more powerful A X 56; super!. fig. most splendidly furnished A X 55. [OE breme] bren, bran n. ground husk of cereal, bran VI 182, 283, A VII 267. [AF] brenne(n), berne v. 1. burn XVII 236, C XIX 202; pa.subj.sg. XVII 232, C XIX 312; prp. C XX 289; pr.t.3sg. smoulders XVII 216, C XIX 182; fig. XVII 260, C XIX 226; pr.t. pi XVII 266, C

29

i3t - bruggesGlo

Glossary

example shining XV 527, C XVII 277. [OE briht, bryht] brighte adv. brightly XIX/XXI 433. [fr. adj.] brihtnesse n. radiance C XIII 11; fig. the divine splendour C XX 284. [cp. OE byrhtnes] brynge v. 1. bring, fetch X 315, XIII 185, C X V 5 3 , XIX 312; pa.t.2sg. Ill, A I 75, C I 74; 3sg. XIII 53; pi A VII 277, C IX 201; pr.sub.sg. XV 314; imp.sg. XIII 56; pi II 203, C II 217; pp. Pr 176, C P r l 9 3 ; pa.t.3sg. ~ ayein returned IV 53, A IV 40, C IV 56. 2. put VIII 29, XIII 47, A IX 25, C VIII 163; pa.t.pl. V 358, AV200, C VI 416; imp.sg. VI 62, A VII 57; pp. V 388, C VIII 61. 3. lead, take, escort XVI 263, A II 138, C XVIII 279; pr.t.pl XV 75; pa.t.Bsg. II 66, XI 8, A III 253, C VII 135; pi III 103, A III 92; pr.subj.sg. XVIII 145, C XX 148; pp. Ill 2, A III 2, C III 2. 4. introduce, propose XVII 33, C XIX 34; pr.t.pl ~ forb X 55, A XI 41, C XI 36. 5. of changed condition lead, bring IV 183, V 94, A V 145, C II 142, X 190; pr.t.3sg. Ill 163, VII 81, A III 144, C III 201; pi XIII 409, C VII 80; pa.t.3sg. XV 398, A IX 58, C XIII 22, XVII 181; pi XI 153, A V 8, C XIX 55; pr.subj.sg. XVIII 145, C IV 181; pi XIII 426, C VII 86; imp.sg. XX/XXII 201; pp. XII 134, C XIV 78. 6. ~ adoun, down overcome, vanquish XVIII 29, C III 43; pr.t.Ssg. IX 208; pr.subj.sg. IV 92, C IV 88; pa.t.3sg. laid low XVIII 141, C XX 144. 7. cause to be, bring about C VIII 349. 8. ~ forb produce C I 18; pr.t.lsg. XIII 235; pa.tJsg. Pr 69, A Pr 66, C Pr 67; pr.t.lsg. reveal, exhibit C VI 141; of offspring beget, produce, C XVIII 79; pr.t.Bsg. 1X154; pi. Ill 152, A VIII 75, C IX 169; pa.t.pl A X 147, C XIII 166; fig. pr.t.3sg. C XVIII 101; pi. IX 171, A X 192, C X 273; pp. fig. begot C II 31; pr.t.pl. raised, brought up XI 357, C XIII 166; guard, watch over C IX 261. [OE bringan] brocage n. 1. arrangement by intermediaries XIV 268, C XVI 108. 2. pi dishonest brokerage, profit-taking by middlemen II 88, C II 95. [AF] brochen v. stitch C VI 218; pa.t.Bsg. A V

126. [AF brocher] brochesw. 1. brooches Pr 75, A Pr 72, C Pr 73. 2. devices for holding fuses XVII 249, C XIX 215. [AF] brocourn. I . fig. agent V 131, C VI 95; pi. ~ of chaffare commodity jobbers II 60, C II 62. 2. pi. match-maker, marriage broker II 66, C II 68. [fr. AF abrocour] brode adv. widely X 321, C V 167. [fr. adj.] brode see BROOD; brok(e) see BROOK. brokelegged adj. crippled VI 136, A VII 178, C VIII 143; pi as coll. n. C VIII 188. [ME] brokesshankid adj. crippled A VII 130. [ME] brol, brolle n. mean offspring, brat III 205, A III 192, C III 262. [fr. ME brothel] Bromholm n. Bromholm Priory in Norfolk V 229, A V 145. brood, brode adj. broad Pr 8, A Pr 8; wide V 517, A VI 5, C VII 162; spreading V 18, A V 18, C V 120; expansive VIII 29, A IX 25, C X 33; wide-open, wide-set XVIII 230, C XX 239; broad-bladed, two-edged III 305, C III 458; broad-headed XX/XXII 117; ~ crounes tonsures XIII 242. [OE brad] brook, brok«. brook VI 135, A VII 129, C VIII 142; fig. V 566, A VI 53, C VII 213. [OE^roc] brotel, bretil, britel adj. fig. frail, morally weak VIII41, A IX 37, CX47. [cp. OE breotan, brot] brober n. 1. brother (in blood kinship) I 66, A I 64, C Pr 107; pi. V 591, A VI 78, C IX 316; close associate A III 243. 2. w. spiritual sense V 503; pi. XI 208, XIX/XXI 254, C XV 79; fellow sinner V465, AV237, C VI 319. 3. pi members of a monastic community V 180, C XVI 295; as a preacher's form of addresss XII 90. [OEbropor] brouke v. 1. pr.subj.sg. avail (him)self of XI 122, C XII 57. 2. imp.sg. drink up XVIII 363, C XX 401. [OE brucan] browe see BREW. browes n. eyebrows A XII 12. [OE bru] brugge, brygge n. bridge fig. V 592, C VII 240; pi VII 28, A VIII 30, C IX 32. [OE brycg] brugges, bruges n. Bruges in Belgium XIII 391, C VI 278. 30

brumstoen - but

Glossary

burgages n. town properties, urban real estate III 86, A III 75, C III 85. [AF] burgeys n. burgess, man of substance, citizen of a borough C III 201; gen. XII 147, C XIV 91; pi. Pr217, III 163, AX 138, CPr223. [AF] burgh, borw n. town fig. II 88, A XII 52, C II 95; pi C IX 190; ~ toun chartered borough C III 312; ~ swyn pigs running free in a town II 98. [OE burh] burye v. 1. conduct funerals XI 76. 2. pa.tJsg. entombed XIX/XXI 143; pp. buried XI 65, C XII 22. [OE byrigan] burieles n. the tomb, entombment XIX/ XXI 146. [OEbyrgels] buryinge ger. burial XI 78. burioneb v. pr.t.pl. spring, grow XV 75. [AF burjoner] burn, buyrn(e), bern n. 1. man III 321, XVI 263, C VI 247, XV 155; pi. people XII 65, C XVIII 11; as distinct from animal XI 362; pi. Ill 267. 2. brave knight, warrior XVI 180. [OE beorn] burbe n. birth XII 149, C XIV 93. [OE beorbe, byrb-] busily, bisily adv. constantly A XII 107, C XI 153; earnestly A XII 106. [ME] buske(n) v. refl. go quickly, hasten A X 168; pa.t.pl. Ill 14, A III 14; imp.pl IX 137, CX225. [cpOlbuask] buskes, bosches n. woods, thickets XI 345, C XIII 156. [OE*busc] busshel, buschel n. the dry measure bushel VI 62, A VII 57, C VIII 61. [AF] but, bote co«/. 1. except V 236, VIII 124, A VII 288, C V 9, XV 129; except that A XII 67. 2. w. subj. unless, except if Pr 66, III 113, A IV 115, 125, C Pr 64, II 144; than C III 97; - if I 181, II 129, XII 58, A IV 58, 110, CII26, III 460; w. unexpr. alternative otherwise than that XII 290, XV 130, C XIV 212. 3. indie. preference but Pr 190, I 83, A I 100, II 151, CPr36, 1100, 166; emph. but rather X477, CPr36. 4. w. advers. force however, nevertheless, but II 24, III 108, V 69, A V 52, 243, C X 264, XI 83. 5. isolative quasi-adv. merely, only Pr 131, V 74, A VII 265, 290, C III 59, VII 75; limiting no more than, only II 189, III 321, A IV 45, V 105, C XV 129, XVI 93. [OEbutan] but prep, except, apart from, but only 121, VI 307, A VIII 98, X 193, C II 139, V 52. [fr. prec.]

brumstoen n. sulphur C XX 289. [LOE brynstdn] brunneste, brouneste adj. darkest, sc. strongest VI 306, A VII 290, C VIII 328. [OEbrun] brusshe n. brush XIII 459. [CF brosse] bruttene v. raze, demolish C III 238. [OE brytnian] bruttenynge ger. killing C XV 155. buffetted, boffeted v. pa.t.3sg. struck (w. hands or fists) VI 176, XX/XXI1 191, A VII 161, C VIII 73. [AF buffeter] bugge(n), bigge(n), begge v. 1. buy Pr 168, XIV 231, A VII 264, VIII 26, C VIII 302, 1X28; pr.t.pl. Ill 83, A III 70, C III 82; pa.t.lsg. V 217, A V 133, C VI 225; 3sg. V 221, A V 137, C V 96; pa.subj. pi. Ill 86, A III 75, C III 85; pay for VII 53, A VIII 55; pr.t.Ssg. C XV 300; pp. ~ to the fulle adequately paid for XIII 192; pr.t.lsg. ~ and borwe buy on credit V 422, C VII 35; intr. buy C III 86; pr.t.pl. Ill 81, A III 70; pa.t.pl. C XVIII 157; impl. bribery IV 89, A IV 76, C III 33; pa.t.pl. C XVIII 164. 2. pa.t.3sg. paid for in the redemption, redeemed II 3, IX 66, A VII 193, C XII 59; pp. XI 208. [OE bycgan] buggere, biggere n. purchaser X 312, A XI 212; pi. A II 44. [fr. v.] buggynge ger. buying XIX/XXI 235. buylden v. build XII 228. [OE byldan] buyldynge ger. building, construction XV 329. [fr. v.] bukkes, bokkes n. pi. male deer VI 30, A VII 32, C VIII 29. [OEbucca] bulle n. 1. pardoner's episcopal letter of authorization Pr 69, A Pr 70, C Pr 67, 71. 2. letter of pardon VII 39, A VIII 67, 92, C IX 160. 3. papal bull C XV 218; pi. Ill 148, A III 137, C IX 338. [AF] bummip, boumode v. pr.t.Ssg. drinks (ale or wine) A VII 138; pa.t.Ssg. tasted V 221, A V 137, C VI 229. [?] bunchede see BONCHED. burde, buyrde n. young woman fig. Ill 14, A III 14, C XX 119; pi. girls XIX/XXI 135. [OEbyrde] burdoun n. staff V 517, A V I S , C VII 162. [AF] burel adj. in phr. ~ clerkes laymen w. pretensions to learning? itinerant preachers? X 292. [AF] 31

butte - caluarie

Glossary

butte n. a man's nickname C II 114, VI 379. buttre, botere «. butter V 437, C VII 51. [OE butere] buxom adj. obedient, compliant 1110, A III 245, C IX 221; readily willing VI 194; eager XIII 251, C XV 222; submissive XV 202, A II 52, C XVI 63; in fig. humble V 566, XVI 7, A V 53, C VII 213; courteous XVIII 116, C XX 119. [OE*buhsom] buxomliche adv. humbly, submissively XII 112, C XIV 57; humbly, without arrogance C XVII 283. [fr. adj.] buxomnesse n. obedience I 113, X 308, A I 111, C XX 320; fig. C VII 239; pers. IV 187, XIV 223, A IV 150. [OE buhsomnes]

caym, kaym n. Cain I 66, A X 140, C X 213; as Antichrist X 334. cayphas n. Caiphas the High Priest (Mat. 26.57) XIX/XXI 140. cairen v. travel Pr 29, A Pr 29, CPr31; pr.t.Ssg. goes IV 24, A IV 22; refl. pr.t.Bsg. betakes himself, sets out V 297, AV147, C VI 351. [cp. OIkeyra] caytifw. sinful creature V 198, XIX/XXI 403, AV114, C VI 206; wretch, worthless person XI 130, C XII 65; gen. poor man's C XIV 90; pi. wicked people XVIII 93, CXX99. [AFozzftjfl caytif adj. wretched, miserable XI 296, C XIII 110. [AF] caitifliche adv. wretchedly clad XI 239, C XII 128; in cowardly fashion C III 242. [fr. adj.] caytiftee see CHEITIFTEE. cake n. flat cake or loaf VI 282, A VII 179, C VIII 308. [cp. OI kaka] cakebreed n. bread baked without yeast XVI 229. [ME] calabre n grey or black fur from Calabria VI 270, A VII 254, C VIII 291. [AF] calculed pp. computed, reckoned XV 371, C XVII 107. [L and CF calculer] caleis«. Calais III 196, A III 183. calf«. calf VI 287, XV 466, A VII 271, C VIII 310. [OE] calle(n)v. 1. call out III 31, A III 30, C III 34; address by name XV 39, C XVI 201; pa.t.lsg. addressed, called to XVII 76, C XX 469; 3sg. 14, A IX 62, C X 69; pr.t.Ssg. summons A III 3; pa.t.lsg. XVIII 426, C XX 469; 3sg. Ill 3, A IV 17, C III 3; imp.pl XI 192, C XII 104; pp. Ill 114, A III 103, CIII 151; called upon XIX/XXI 9; pa.t.3sg. ~ after called for III 101, XIII 37, A III 90, C XV 42. 2. refer to by name as, call V 532, XIX/XXI 23, A X 25; pa.t.3sg. XIX/XXI 136; pi XVII 53, A X 148, C XIX 51; pp. XV 22, XIX/XXI 117; name descriptively X 293; pr.t.Ssg. XV 431, C V 162; pi VII 93, C XVIII 11; pa.t.3sg. XVI 245, C IV 161; pi IV 166, C XI 172; pp. Pr 104, A IV 140, C 1X214.[cp.Olkalla] caloterc. woman's name XVIII 426, C XX 469. caluarie n. Mount Calvary (Jo. 19.17) V 464, A XI 28, C VI 318.

C

caas, cas(e), caes n. 1. situation, condition, circumstances VII 49, X 354, A VIII 51, C IX 48; cours of ~ development of a situation C III 389; in ~ supposing that C IX 155. 2. exemplary instance III 280, A III 258, CIII 433. 3. grammatical case C III 337; by synec. religious conformity C III 357; reconciliation w. God C III 399; moral regulation C III 365, 387. [AF cas] cabane n. hut, shanty III 191, A III 178, XII 35. [AFcaban] cacche(n) v. 1. get, acquire XI 174, XIII 298, A XI 87, CX297; pr.t.pl. XII 222; pa.t.Ssg. XII 100, XIX/XXI 128; pr.subj.sg. XX/XXII 222; pi C III 389; of a name pa.t.pl. Pr 107; pp. C Pr 134; of sickness pr.t.lsg. XIII 334, C VI 78; pa.t.lsg. XIII 404; of fire pp. XVII 223, C XIX 189; intr. pr.subj.sg. steals XX/ XXII 14. 2. catch Pr 207, C XIV 174; capture, lay hands on II 193, A II 154, C II 207; pp. XVI 152, C XVIII 169. 3. receive, accept XII 141, C XIV 86; pr.t.3pl. II 36. 4. chase, drive A VII 128, 183; pr.t.3sg. XII 177, C XIV 117; is hunting Pr 189. 5. pa.t.Ssg. took hold of V351, C VI 409; pr.subj.sg. lay hold of (in wrestling) XIV 239, C XVI 79; ~ to snatch at C III 365; pa.t.lsg. ~ colour flushed XI 405, C XIII 213. [AF cacher] cachepol n. minor law-enforcement officer XVIII 46, CXX75. [AF] 32

cammaca - carteres

Glossary

sinful concern w. the world III 164, C III 202; sin C XVIII 172. [OE cam] care v. be anxious, concerned XIV 57, C XV 256; pr.t.lsg. XIX/XXI 381; 3sg. XX/XXII 150; pi. C I 125; pa.t.pl. II 162, All 126. [OEcarian] careful adj. 1. anxious XIII 265; wretched, miserable IX 161, A X 184; sorry XI 296. as n. person in distress X 59, A XI 45, C XIX 65; coll. the poor and needy XI 192, XIX/XXI 128; wretched prisoners A XI 189; spiritually anxious person XVI 248, C XVIII 266; pi CI198; coll. 1203, A I 177. [OE] carefully adv. anxiously, fearfully V 76, AV59. [OE carefullice] careyne, caroyne n. 1. corpse VI 91, A VII 83, C VIII 100. 2. body XIV 334, C XVI 197. 3. meat, flesh Pr 189, C XIV 178. [AF careine, caroine] carienv. carry, bear II 162, XIX/XXI 330, A II 126; pr.t.3sg. C IX 151; pa.t.Ssg. A VI 32. [AFoznVr] carolden v. pa.t.pl. sang and danced XVIII 424, C XX 467. [AF caroler} carpe(n)v. 1. speak X 105, 293, C VI 29, XV 189; pr.t.lsg. XVI 265, C XVIII 218; 3sg. XV 117, A XII 33, C VII 76; pi X 52, A XI 65, C VII 79; pa.t.3sg. XIII 101, 179, C IV 32; pi XIII 220; pr.subj.sg. XVII 138, C XIX 111; pp. XV 301; pr.t.3sg. says II 27; pa.t.3sg. C II 27; pr.subj.pl. XI 216; trans. pa.t.Bsg. told II 192, XIII 58, C II 206; imp.sg. XIII 119, C XV 127. 2. cry out, complain X 59, A XI 45; speak contentiously, find fault X 307. [cp. OI karpa] carpenters??, carpenters X 183, AXI 135, C XI 123; fig. X 416, C XI 247. [AF] carpyng(e) ger. 1. foolish talk Pr 204, C Pr 212. 2. command of language, ability to speak X 143, A XI 96; speech C XVI 341. carse, cresses n. cress plant C XI 14; pi. C VIII 320. [OE cars, cresse] cart«. cart XIII 265, CV 13; fig. II 180, A II 141, XIX/XXI 330; lang ~ large four-wheeled vehicle, waggon II 182, A II 143, C II 195. [OE cnet, AF karete and cp. OI kartr] See LONG. carte v. work as a carter C V 65. [fr. n.] carteres n. of drivers of carts C IX 206. [AF careter}

cammaca n. expensive fabric C XVI 301. [ML camaca] cammokes n. thorny shrub-weeds, restharrow or buckthorn XIX/XXI 312. [OE cammuc] can see GYNNEI>. candle n. taper, candle XVII 223, C III 306. [OEcandel] canon, chano(u)n n. 1. priest serving in a cathedral, canon X 47, A XI 33; canon regular A X 113; pi. X 324, C V 156. [AF] canonistres n. experts in canon law VII 155, A VIII 134, C IX 304. [fr. fol] canoun, canoen n. ecclesiastical or canon (sc. Roman) law V 421, C XV 84. [OE canon] cantel n. share, due portion C XIV 163. [AF] capede v. pa.t.Bsg. stared, looked hard C XV 108. [OE capian} capons, chapun n. pi. capons IV 38, C IV 38; sg. as adju. C VI 136. [OE, AF capun, chapun} cappe n. headdress, cap or hat C VII 174. [OE cteppe] capul, capel, capil n. horse fig. IV 24, XVII 110, A IV 22, C I V 24; pi. XIX/ XXI 331, A II 126. [cp. OI kapall, ML caballus] car n. chariot C XX 288. [AF carre] caractes n. written symbols, writings XII 78. [AF] carde v. comb out wool or flax for spinning C IX 80; pp. fig. X 18, A XI 18, C XI 15. [AF * carder, cp. kardester] cardiacle n. w. art. chest pain, palpitation XIII 334, C VI 78; pi. XX/XXII 82. [cp. ML cardiaca] cardynal n. cardinal, member of the Sacred College XIX/XXI 413, C XVII 166; pi Pr 107, XIX/XXI 417, C XVI 368; fig. AXII15;/?/. XIX/XXI 224. [AF] cardinal(e) adj. chief, principal in phr. ~ vertues XIX/XXI 316; infl.pl. Pr 104, XIX/XXI 274, C Pr 132. [as n.] care n. 1. sorrow 161, A I 59, C I 57; misery XVIII 268, C XX 276. 2. disease and death, human affliction IX 156, XVIII 215, XX/XXII 201, A X 178, C XX 224. 3. anxiety, concern II 151, XIII 160, XX/XXII 165, A II 115, C III 373. 4. distress, hardship, misfortune XIV 175, C VII 305, XIX 55. 5.

33

cartsadle - chalangen

Glossary

cartsadle, cartesadil v. imp.sg. harness up

caunterbury n. Canterbury in Kent XV 445, C XVII 274. cause n. 1. reason, cause, ground XII 225, XVII 344, C III 317, V 190; basis C XVII 131; by -of V440; witte ... be ~ reproach as the reason C VI 113. 2. intention, purpose XI 174, XIX/XXI 63, C XVII 136; by-to in order to A XII 32. 3. case, proposition XIII 126. [AF] cauerc. vault, tomb XII 256. [AF] cawdel, caudel n. pudding V 354, C VI 412. [AFchaudel] cene n. ritual meal of the Passover XVI 140. [AF] certein, certain n. fixed amount or number XX/XXII 258, 267; previously set amount XIII 376; fixed proportion XX/ XXII 255; secure endowment, security VI 151. [fr. adj.] certein adj. 1. assured, confident III 86, A III 75, C IX 166. 2. certainly true X 436; exact, precise C XIX 33. 3. fixed, stable XX/XXII 265. [AF] certes adv. assuredly, indeed, for certain II 152, XI 439, A IX 18, C IX 258; actually, in fact C V 22, XIII 195; of course XX/XXII 340. [AF] cesar n. Tiberius Caesar I 48, A I 46, C I 47. cesse, sesse, cisse n. woman's nickname (for Cecily) V 307, AV158, C VI 362. cesse(n), cese, sese v. stop, desist II 152, A VIII 104, C IX 228; pa.t.3sg. XX/XXII 109; imp.sg. C XIV 41; pi. IV 1, A I V 1 , C I V 1 . [AF cesser] chafe, chaufen v. 1. pr.subj.sg. provoke, incite XII 125, C XIV 68. 2. intr. become fervent C XVII49. [AF chaufer] chaffare n. 1. trade, business Pr31, XV 164, A P r 3 1 , C Pr 33. 2. goods, merchandise II 60, V 133, A V 172, C VI 380. 3. steady business methods V 246; transaction AV143. [OE ceap +faru] chaffare v. engage in trade, buy and sell C VIII 248; pr.t.3sg. XIV 315; pi. C XII 227; pa.t.3sg. did business C VI 252; pi. XVI 129; pr.subj.sg. C XVI 149; pp. engaged in business ventures C V 94; got by buying and selling XV 107. [fr. n.] chayere n. chair C Pr 114. [AF chaiere] chalangeable, chaleniable adj. open to legal objection, contestable XI 303, C XIII 117. [fr. fol.] chalangen, chalengen v. l.pr.t.pl. lay claim

II 180, All 141. [ME] cartwey, cartway, cartewey n. made road III 132, A III 121, CIII 169. [ME] cartwhelrc. cartwheel C XV 161. [ME] cast n. contrivance, ingenuity III 19, A III 18, CIII 20. [fr. v.] castel, chastel n. castle CIII 141; fig. 14, IX 2, A X 16, C II 92, X 129; dungeon A XI 189; fig. 161, A I 59. [OE + AF] casten v. 1. cast, throw IV 85, A IX 94, CIV 81; pa.t.3sg. XVI 128; imp.sg. XII 160, C XV 142; fig. pr.t.Ssg. XVI 42; intr. pa.t.Ssg. XVI 75. 2. pa.t.3sg. put VI 59, XV 402, A VII 54, C VIII 58; took V 319, A V 168, C VI 376. 3. pa.t.lsg. directed XIII 365, C VI 264; 3sg. XIII 356; ~ vp raised XI 410. 4. find (by accounting) XI 132, C XII 67; pa.t.lsg. calculated C XI 124. 5. pa.t.Bsg. planned, studied XIX/XXI 280; pr.subj.sg. XV 334; intr. scheme C XI 16; pa.t.Bsg. XX/XXII 121; pi. XVI 137, XIX/XXI 141; imp.pl. prepare, make VI 16, A VII 15; pa.t.pl. arranged, brought about Pr 117, C Pr 144; pr.t.Ssg. ~ hym sets himself up C IX 151. 6. compose XIII 247. [cp. OI kasta] castynge ger. in phr. ~ of ei3en direction of interest XI 188. cat n. cat Pr 149, C Pr 207; pi. V 255. [OE] catecumelynges n. recipients of the Christian faith XI 77. [L] catel n. 1. farm animals, cattle VI 92, A VII 84, C VIII 101. 2. possessions III 273, V573, A III 252, C III 426; property IX 160, X 477, C III 323, X 194; wealth X29, 329, C X 257, XIX 242; means, financial resources VI 147, XI 212, XX/XXII 209, CIX90; something to fall back on V 27, A V 27, C V 129; money Pr 205, III 68, A IV 69, C XII 241; goods VII 22, A VIII 24; foodstuffs XV 429. 3. material reward XIX/XXI 77, CX250. [AF] cateles adj. without means A X 68. [ME] caton n. Dionysius Cato VII 72, A VIII 134, C VII 34; fig. IV 17, A IV 17, C IV 17. cauken v. of a male bird tread, mate XII 229, C XIV 161; pa.t.3sg. C XIII 170; pi. XI 359. [A¥ cauker] 34

chalangen - chatel

Glossary

64, VII 257, XVI 350. 2. pars, divine love XVI 197, C XVIII 206; divine grace fulfilled as the imago del restored in a soul C XVII 125; fig. V 607, XVI 9, CPr87. 3. Christian brotherly love XIII 110, XV 79, 148, C XVI 149, XVII 49, 62, 64; spiritual concern V 265. 4. Christian love expressed in benevolent action I 188, A I 164, C I 184; ironic an act of loving kindness XV 566, C XVII 231; fig. what should be given to the poor I 193, A I 167, C II 143. 5. pers. the impulse of love which led to the foundation of the fraternal orders Pr 64, APr61, CPr62. [AF] charme n. magic XIII 341, C VI 85; fig. of the Great Commandment magic spell XVII 20, 23, C XIX 21. [AF] charnel n. vault beneath a church used as repository for the bones of the dead, charnel house VI 48, CVIII 45. [AF] chartre n. formal legal document XI 303, C XIII 117; pi. XI 306, C XIII 120. 2. deed of enfeoffment II 69, C II 71; pi. A II 35. 3. ground of entitlement (to endowments) X 320, C V 1 6 6 . 4. -make enter into a legal agreement XI 127, C XII 62; fig. pa.t.pl. C XVI 35. [AF] chaste adj. sexually innocent I 180, A I 154, C I 1 7 6 ; chaste C XVI 349, celibate I 190, A I 164, C I 186. [AF] chaste adv. chastely C XVIII 77. [fr. adj.] chaste v. 1. correct XI 425, A XI 198; pr.t.Ssg. C Pr 215; pp. C XIII 233; reprimanded C XIX 303; restrained C XIX 314; instruct VI 51, A VII 46. 2. discipline, bring up strictly C V 136; punish VI 323, A VII 304; pp. C IV 112; afflict VI 318, A VII 299, CVIII 343. [cp. AF chastier] chastel see CASTLE. chastilet n. small castle fig. II 85. [AF] chastite n. 1. the virtue of sexual purity, chastity pers. V 621, A VI 107, C VII 273. 2. priestly celibacy 1188, A I 168, CI184. [AFchastete] chasten v. discipline, bring up strictly V 34, A V 32; pp. restrained XVII 334; pa.t.Ssg. corrected C Pr 110; pp. rebuked, reprimanded XVII 323; punished IV 117, A IV 103. [AF chastiser] chatel n. coll. movable possession XI 127, C XII 62. [AF]

to Pr 93, C P r 9 1 ; intr. pr.t.3sg. makes claims or demands XV 165. 2. intr. pr.t. Isg. find fault, censure XV 31, C XVI 191; pp. publicly rebuked V 174, C VI 156; objected to as unsuitable C VI 136. [AF chalenger] chalangynge, chalengynge ger. 1. malicious accusation V 87, C VI 68. 2. rebuke, reprobation XI 425. 3. expectation of reward XV 345. chambre, chaumbre n. 1. private room or apartment III 10, X 101, A III 10, C II 67; pi. V 590, A VI 77, C VII 237; fig. XVI 92, C XVIII 125. 2. pi. hostels, shelters IV 124. [AF] champion, chaumpio(u)n n. 1. brave fighter VIII 45, A IX 41. 2. chosen warrior fig. XV 216. [AF] champion adj. foremost, most notable XVIII 99, C XV 275, XX 102. [fr. prec.] chapeleyn n. bishop's official assistant priest XI 315, C XIII 127; pi. ordained priests w. formal positions I 190, A I 164, C I 186; priests officiating in chapels VI 12, CVIII 11. [AF] chapellis n. oratories, chapels A VII 20. [AF] chapitle, chapitre n. 1. ecclesiastical assembly in judicial session III 320, C III 473. 2. religious community V 161. [AF] chapitrehous n. monastery chapter house V 174, C VI 156. [ME] chapman n. merchant Pr 64, A Pr 61, C Pr 62; pi. V 34, A V 172, C XII 227; marriage brokers C X 257. [OE ceapman} chapun see CAPONS. charge n. responsibility C IX 259; pi. burdens C IX 96; sg. burden of temptation A X 73. [*AF] charge v. enjoin, direct C VII 257; pr.t. 3sg. C XIX 276; pi. XVII 295; pa.t.Ssg. V34, A V 3 2 , C V 1 3 6 ; imp.sg. burden, encumber XX/XXII 237; pp. C IX 73; appointed A X 23; held responsible C Pr 87; pr.t.Ssg. cares about, attaches importance to XIV 315, C XVI 149; abs. is concerned, disturbed C XVI 290. [AF charger} charite n. 1. the supreme Christian virtue XII 30, XV 149, C II 37, XVI 286; pers.fem. V 621, A VI 107, C VII 273; masc. VIII 45, XIV 98, A IX 41, C Pr 35

chaterynge - chewe

Glossary

chaterynge ger. idle talk II 85, C II 92. [fr.v.] chatre, chattere v. pr.subj.sg. complain XIV 227, C XVI 68. [? echoic} chaumbrere n. fig. chamberlain XIV 101. [AF] chaunce n. good fortune XIII 341, C VI 85; matter of luck C XIV 33. [AF] chaunceller n. in phr. cheef ~ Lord Chancellor CIV 185. [AF] chauncelrie n. the chancery court Pr 93, A IV 26, CPr91. [AF] chaunge v. intr. make a change XX/XXII 360; be transformed C XII 209; turn against (sbody), become hostile C VI 146; trans. pa.t.Bsg. altered, affected XI 369, C XIII 179; pp. transformed C V 81; exchanged XVI 129. [AF chaunger] cheyne n. 1. collar or gorget of links V 607. 2. pi. irons XVII 113, C XX 446. [AF cheine, chaine] cheynedv. 1. pp. fettered I 188, A I 168, C I 184. 2. abs. pr.subj.pl. secure the gate w. chains C XX 285. [fr. n.] cheitiftee, caytiftee n. a life of poverty XX/XXII 236; wretched situation C IX 256. [AF] cheke n. cheek V 164; pi. V 82, A V 110, C VI 150; pi in phr. maugree (sbody's) ~ despite ... resistance, objection IV 50, XIV 4, A VII 145, C VIII 38. [OEceace] cheke v. abs. pr.subj.pl set up barricades C XX 285. [cp. AF eschek] cheker n. the court of exchequer Pr 93, A IV 26, CIV 185. [AF] chele n. cold weather I 23, A XI 46, C VIII 248; by meton. beggar's clothing XX/XXII 236. [OEcele] chepe n. Cheapside in the City of London V314, AV164. chepe v. pr.t.lsg. approve (as if purchasing) XV 31, C XVI 191; pa.t. 3sg. made an offer for XIII 379. [OE ceapian] chepyng n. market IV 56, A VII 283, C IV 59. [OEceping] cher(e) adj. 1. valued, esteemed C XVII 125. 2. solicitous, anxiously concerned C XVII148. [OE cearig infl. by AF cher] chere, cheere n. expression, mien XI 27, C XI 186; appearance X 2, A XI 2; make faire ~ welcome courteously XX/ XXII 349; made hevy ~ looked down-

cast IV 165, C IV 160; made lowe ~ behaved submissively C XVII 30; wib glad ~ joyfully V 318, A V 167, C VI 375. [AF] chered pp. in phr. heuy ~ depressed, gloomy XX/XXII 2; lowe ~ docile XIX/XXI263. [fr.v.] cherissynge ger. pampering, overindulging IV 117, A IV 103, C IV 112. [CF cheriss- fr. cherir] cherl n. unfree tenant XI 127, C XII 62; pi. VI 48; servants A III 247; fig. serf, bondman XX/XXII 146; pi. XIX/XXI 55; coarse fellow V 353, C VI 411; pi. base creatures I 33, XVI 121, C I 29. [OE ceorl] cherubyn n. pi. the second order of angels, cherubs I 106, A I 104, C I 106. [L] cheruelles n. pi. chervil plants VI 294, A VII 278, C VIII 309. [OE cerfille] chese n. cheese V 92, C VII 51; pi. VI 281, A VII 265, C VIII 303. [OE cese] chese v. select, choose XV 38, C XVI 176; pa.t.3sg. C XIII 3; pi. XVIII 201, C Pr 33; pp. V 323, A V 172, C VI 380; reft, pa.t.pi ~hem devoted themselves Pr31, A Pr 31; pp. chosen for salvation XI 117, C XII 52; pp. as coll n. elect XI 118, C XII 53. [OEceosan] chesiblesn. chasubles VI 12, A VII 20, C VIII 11. [AF] cheste n. (1) box, coffer XII 114, C XIV 59. [OEcest] cheste, cheeste n. (2) strife, contention XII 125, CPrl05;//g. II 85, A X 193, C II 92. [OEceast] chestre n. Chester in Cheshire V 395, A VII 92, C VII11. chetes n. reversions or forfeitures of land or property to the Crown C IV 169. [cp. AF eschete] cheue v. thrive, prosper XVIII 104, C XX 107; pa.t.pl Pr31, APr31, C VI 252; make money C VIII 248; impers. w. dat. pr.t.sg. the outcome is XIV 227, C XVI 68. [AF cheirir] cheuyssaunce n. 1. means, expedient XX/ XXII 16. 2. pi. unlawful transactions V 246; shady business methods C VI 252. [AF cheuissaunce] cheuisshen v. re/I, be on guard, defend (himself) A X 73. [AF chevisser] chewe v. chew fig. fare, live XVIII 201, C XX 206; pr.subj.sg. eat C VIII 285; 36

chewe - clanse

Glossary

298. [OEdldisc] chillynge ger. a chill VI 311, A VII 295, C VIII 333. [ME] chymenee n. fireplace X 101. [CF cheminee] chynrc. chin V 192, C VI 200. [OE an] chine n. gap, crevice C XX 285. [OE cine] chirche, cherche, church(e), kirk(e), kerke n. 1. building dedicated to religious worship, church, parish church I 180, V 105, All 183, C V 12, 104; pi. V 403, A VII 20, C V 30, IX 98; by melon, the temple of Jerusalem XVI 129. 2. holy ~ the Christian church as an institution Pr 66, II 126, A II 90, 166, C Pr 64, II 251, V 179; by melon. Judaism C Pr 116; cristene holy ~ the communion of saints XVI 199, C XVIII 208; doctrine taught by the Christian church X 238, C XVII 5, 124; pers. I 75, XVI 197, A I 73, C I 72. 3. Latin Christianity fig. XIX/XXI 328, 363, as vnitee holy ~ XIX/XXI 380. 4. fig. Seint Petres ~ the papacy VII 178, A VIII156. [OE drice and cp. OI kirkja] chiries, cheries n. cherries VI 294, A VII 278, C XII 221. [AF serise, OE drse] chirietyme n. cherry-picking time V 161. [ME] chiterynge ger. chattering XII 255. [?] chiualer n. knight XVIII 99, C XX 102. [AF] chyueled, ycheueled v. pa.t.Ssg. trembled V 192; trans, pp. shaken violently (by his trembling) C VI 200. [ME cp. chiueren] choppe v. strike XII 125, C XIV 68; pr.subj.pl. C Pr 64; imp.sg. A III 247. [?] choppes n. blows IX 172, A X 193, C X 274. [fr. v.] circumscised v. pa.t.lsg. circumcised XVI 235, C XVIII 251. [AF drcumdser] cite, citee n. city Pr 160, C III 204; pi XIV 81, CPr 179, V 90. [AF] cyuyle, syuile n. ecclesiastical or canon law as distinct from the laws of England XX/ XXII 137; pers. its practitioners II 63, AII106, CII73. [AFdvile] claymes n. claims at law for redress C IV 98. [AF claim] clanse, clenseb v. purify, cleanse of guilt for sin C XVI 25; pr.t.pl. XVII 214, C XIX 180; pa.t.Ssg. XVI 109, C XVIII

fig. C XV 45; pr.t.pl. fig. eat up I 193, A I 167, C I 190, II 143. [OE ceowan] chibolles n. spring onions VI 294, A VII 278, C VIII 309. [AF] chichestre n. John Chichester, Lord Mayor of London XIII 270. chiden v. 1. express anger XIII 379; pr.t.pl. C XII 227; irons. pa.t.Ssg. said in rebuke XVI 121. 2. complain IV 52, A IV 39; pr.t.3sg. C XVI 290; pi. C XII 227; grumble VI 312, A VII 300; C VIII 334; pr.subj.sg. XIV 227; pr.t.pl. ~ after angrily demand I 193, A I 167, C I 190. 3. scold C VII 302. 4. dispute, quarrel III 178, A III 165, C V 154; pr.t.Bsg. C I 1 7 6 ; pa.t.pl. XVIII418, C VI 147; pr.subj.pl. XVIII 201, C III 390. [OE cidan] chideris, chidares n. pi. troublemakers XVI 43, C XVIII 46. [ME frv.] chidynge ger. fault-finding V 87, C VI 68; reproach XI 425. chief n. head, leader XIV 101, C XV 275. [AF] chief, cheef, chef adj. supreme VIII 45, A IX 41, C XVI 349; most important V 621, XIX/XXI 406, A VI 107; preeminent, foremost Pr64, XVIII 99, A Pr 61, C Pr 62; main, principal V 87, XIII 341, A X 72, C VI 68, 85; ~ chauncellor Lord Chancellor C IV 185; ~ iustice senior judge in the Court of King's Bench or Common Pleas XI 303, C XIII 117; ~ lordes superior landlords' CIX73. [fr. n.] chieftayn, cheuenteyn n. head, ruler XIX/XXI 472. [AF] chield pp. chilled, cooled off C XVII 49. [ME fr. OE dele] child, chield n. infant, baby I 180, A I 154, C VI 136. 2. young person of either sex V38, 607, C I 176, III 421; as term of address C XVII 148; pi. Ill 268, IV 117, A III 247, IV 103, C III 397. 3. pi. progeny, offspring III 260, VI 97, A X 179, C V 68; fig. IX 172, XVI 197, A X 193, C XVIII 206; descendants XVI 121, C XX 107. 4. pi mankind as God's creation XII 12, C XVII 291. 5. pi followers, disciples Pr 35, XX/XXII 79, APr35. [OE did] childhod n. childhood A X 73. [OE dldhdd] childissh adj. childlike XV 149, C XVI 37

clanse - clerk

Glossary

142; pp. XVIII 391, C III 359. [OE clansian] Clarice, Claris n. woman's name V 159, 311, A V 162, CVI 134. clause n. quotation IV 150, A IV 133, C IV 147; article XV 608, C XVII 316; section VII 108, A VIII 44, 90; particular exemplary instance X 415, C XI 246. [AF] clausemele adv. clause by clause, in detail V419. [ME] clawen v. 1. hurt w. claws Pr 154; pull roughly C Pr 174; intr. grasp, take hold XVII 191, C XIX 157; imp.pl. X 289. 2. scrape clean XIV 17. [OE clawari] cleef v. pa.t.3sg. split XVIII 61. [OE cleofan] clees/7. pi. claws CPrl74. [OE clea] cleymen v. 1. demand VII 161, XI 123, XIV 142, A VIII 139, C XVI 100; pr.t.3sg. XIV 110, C XVIII 200; require C III 375; pr.t.3sg. C III 378; assert X 348; pr.t.pl C X 2 1 1 . 2. claim rightful possession of C XVII 58, XX 372; pr.t.lsg. XVIII 343; 3sg. XVIII 20, C XX 18; pi. X 327, C III 322; pa.t.3sg. XX/XXII 96; pr.t.Ssg. exacts as tithe C XVII 71. 3. of status pr.t.Bsg. asserts XVI 191, XIX/XXI 443; pr.t.pl. call their own I 93, A I 91, C I 89. [AF] clement «. man's name V 319, A V 181, C VI 409. clemynge v. prp. guttering, burning unevenly C III 106. [OE cldiminge] clemp see CLYMBE. dene adj. 1. unalloyed III 22, A III 21, C III 23; unadulterated VI 304, A VII 288, C VIII 326. 2. morally clean, innocent VII 22, 1X190, XVIII 119, A X 88, C X 291; in a state of grace X 265; spiritually cleansed XI 81, XIV 185; chaste I 195, A I 169; virgin II 50, A V 253, C VII 156; virtuous, righteous XI 302, XIX/XXI 379, 458; comp. XIII 295; clear A VI 27. 3. unsoiled, spotless fig. XIV 2, XV 190; comp. in less grimy occupations XIX/XXI 252; superl. most wholesome XIV 43; fig. XVI 70; most virtuous C XVIII 93; most estimable C XVIII 94. [OEclene] clene adv. entirely, altogether IX 139, XX/XXII 369, A X 170, C XI 189. [fr. adj.] clennesse, clannesse n. moral purity XIV

303, XV 466, XIX/XXI 379, C XIV 88; Jig. a state of grace XIV 11; ~ of soule virtuous living XIII 416, C VII 76; virginal chastity by meton. the Virgin Mary XII 141, C XIV 86. [OE clxnness] dense}) see CLANSE. cleophas man's name, Cleopas (Luke 24.18) XI 235, C XII 124. clepe v. 1. invite XI 191, C XII 103; pa.t.Ssg. XI 119, C XII 54; pp. summoned X21, A XI 21, CXI 18. 2. pa.t. 3sg. named X 252, XX 182, C VI 149; pp. XIX/XXI 117. [OEcleopian] cler adj. radiant V 585, A VI 72, C VII 232; vivid XII222. [AF] clereadv. brightly XVII 260, C XIX 226. [fr. adj.] clergially adv. as a scholar ought C VII 34; speaking like an educated man Pr 124. [fr. n.] clergie n. 1. the first or clerical estate XIX/XXI 467; pers. P r l l 6 , III 165, C Pr 152. 2. learning, knowledge sacred and profane X 107, 449, XII 92, A X 107, C XIII 237, XIV 34; pers. X 153, XI 414, A XI 112, C Pr 152, XIV 70; sacred learning XII 71, 83; pers. C XI 202, XIV 70; coll. pers. learned theologians III 15, XI 144, A III 15; literacy, the ability to read and write XII 85; can ~ knows the Creed C XVI 322. [AF] clergyse n. erudition C XX 405. [AF dergise] clerioun n. clerk in a minor order A XII 49. [AF dergeon] clerk, clerc n. 1. member of the clerical estate III 3, A III 9, C V 54; pi. XV 552, A III 104, C XVII 69; the first estate Pr 114, C Pr 141; lords spiritual IV 189, A IV 152; minor cleric, clerk V 311, A V 162, C VI 366; priest XIII 338, C VI 82; pi. X 36, XV 444, C XVI 281; the priesthood X 418, 480, C X I 301, XIV 54; secular clergy X 74, CXI 54. 2. educated or learned man VIII 20, XII 100, XIII 135, A VI 26, C XVI 292; pi. Ill 34, 332, A VIII 137, C VI 76, VII 91; of the Magi XII 153, C XIV 97; student X 309, XII 21; pi. Ill 222, X 199, A III 209, C III 277. 3. author, authority VII 72, XII 268, C V 146. 4. learned theologian X 298, XII 69, XV 211; pi. X 105, XI 216, A XI 273, C I 38

clerk - cokeney

Glossary

clop, cloop n. 1. woven fabric, cloth VI 14, AV129, CV18. 2. clothing, a garment XIV 57, XX/XXII 16, C IV 114, IX 250; pi. Pr 199, A II 182, C X 202; fig. C VIII 58; garments C X 194; coverchiefs, head-dresses C VI 149; longe ~ clerical habit C V 41. [OE dap] clope(n) v. dress, clothe IV 119, A Pr 59, C IX 90; pr.t.3sg. C XVI 326; pa.t.pl. Pr 56, A Pr 53, C IX 211; imp.pl XIX/XXI 257; pp. 13, A II 8, C V 2; fig. XVIII 172, C XX 175. [OEclafian] cloperes n. makers of cloth X 18, A XI 18, CXI 15. [fr. n.] clopyng ger. dress, apparel Pr 24, A Pr 24, C IX 209. douches, cloches n. pi. claws, paws, grasp Prl54, CPrl74. [cp. OE clyccan] cloude n. sky III 193, A III 180; pi. XVIII 410, C XIV 73, XX 453; clouds CX159. [OEdud] cloute v. patch, mend clothes C IX 80; trans, pp. VI 59, A VII 54. [fr. fol.] cloutes n. pi. clothes, clothing II 223, C II 233; wombe- tripe XIII 63. [OE clut] clucche v. grasp firmly XVII 191, C XIX 122. [OEdyccan] cobelere n. shoemaker, cobbler V 319, A V 168, CVI 409. [?] cockes n. pi. cockles C IX 95. [cp. OE s&cocc] coffes n. mittens VI 60, A VII 55, C VIII 59. [?] cofre n. chest, strongbox XIII 300, C XVI 89; treasure chest XII 109, C XIV 54; pi. XIV 247, C XII 214; treasury X 329; fig. XI 199; wardrobe V 27, A V 27, C V 129. [AF] coghep, coughed, coueth, cowed, cowhede, cowhe v. pr.t.Ssg. coughs XVII 331, C XIX 311; pa.t.3sg. cleared his throat XIII 101, C XV 108; pa.t.3sg. ~ vp vomit up V 354, C VI 412; fig. Isg. V181, C V I 163. [OE cohhettan] coyn n. stamp, imprint on a coin IV 130, A IV 113, C I 46; fig. image C XVII 81, 82. [AF coin] cok n. cock, male bird C XIII 171; barnyard cock's XIX/XXI 412. [OE coc] coke, koke v. stack hay, make haycocks XIX/XXI 238, C V 13. [OE *cocc] coked pp. done the cooking C XV 59. [fr. n.] cokeney, cokenay n. egg VI 285, A VII

122, XI 290. 5. clerk, secretary IV 168, XIII 247, C XVI 192; pi. II 59, A III 132, C IV 164; ~ofacountis Exchequer accountants A Pr 91; ~ of pe kinges bench/lie lawe learned jurists X451, A Pr95, C X I 276. [OE clerc} clerkysh adj. clerical C VI42. [fr. n.] clerliche adv. entirely, completely XVIII 391, C XVI 25. [fr. adj.] clermatyn n. fine bread in a loaf of distinctive shape and legally specified weight VI 304, A VII 288, C VIII 326. [AF clermatin] cliauntes n. clients C III 393. [AF client} clyf n. mount, eminence A I 4. [OE clif\ cliket n. removable latch-bar of a clicketlock V 604, A VI 91, C VII 252. [AF cliket] cliketted n. the latch-bar secured V614, A VI 100, CVII 266. [fr. n.] clymat n. region of the earth governed by a particular planet C XVII 107. [CF climat] clymbe, clemp v. climb A X 101, C XVIII 105; pa.t.Ssg. C XVIII 107. [OE climban] clyngest v. pr.t.2sg. shrivel, shrink XIV 52, C XV 251. [OEclingan] clippe, cluppe v. 1. pr.subj.pl. embrace XVIII 417, C XX 460. 2. grasp XVII 191, C XIX 157. [OEclyppan] clips n. eclipse XVIII 135, C XX 138. [AF eclipse] clyuep, cleueth v. pr.t.Ssg. clings XVII 335, C VII 304; imp.pl. adhere, become attached XI 225; prp. holding fast C XVII 128. [OE clifian, cleofian} cloistrerc. 1. monastery X 306, A XI 210, C V 154; pi IV 120, C IV 116. 2. covered walk in a monastery, cloister III 60, C V I 163. [AF] cloke n. cloak V 319, A V 173, C VII 167; pi CIX 139. [AF] clokke v. limp, hobble III 34, A III 33, C III 37. [AF:cp docker] clom n. clay, earth A XII 105. [OE dam] clomsest v. pr.t.2sg. become numb, stiff XIV 52, C XV 251. [OSc] close v. 1. close Pr 105, A VII 96, C Pr 133; prp. Pr 104, C Pr 132; pp. V 613, A VI 99, C XV 265. 2. confine, enclose, shut up G U I 141; pp. 1X5, A X 5, C X 171. 3. pr.t.3sg. conceals XVIII 135, C XX 138. [AF close, pp. of clore] 39

cokeney - come(n)

Glossary

269, C VIII 307. [?] cokeres ».(!) leggings, gaiters VI 60, A VII 55, C VIII 59. [OEcocer] cokeres n.(2) haymakers, harvesters C V 13. [cp. v.] coket n. fine bread made from flour baked to a legally specified standard, the loaf of a specified weight VI 304, A VII 288, C VIII 326. [AF] cokewold, cokewald n. cuckold, deceived husband IV 164, A IV 140, C VI 134. [AF: cp. cucuel, kokkel] cokkes see COK. cokkeslane, cockeslane n. Cock's Lane in the City of London V 311, A V 162, C VI 366. cold n. the cold, cold weather, exposure to cold XIII 160, A VII 15, C VIII 243; for ~ of bi nailes because your hands were cold III 191, A III 178; for-of his etc. to keep his hands warm VI 60, A VII 55.[OEcald] cold, coeld adj. cold XIII 261, C I 125, IX 93; cold in death C XVII 303. [OE cold] colerrc. collar Pr 169, 204, CPrl86; pi gorgets, chains worn as badges of maintenance Prl62, C P r l S l . [CF colier] coles n. p i . ( I ) settings of cabbage or kale VI 286; sg. inphr. ~ plantis A VII 270. [OE cdl\ coles n. pi. (2) live embers XIII 144, C IX 142. [OEcol\ collateral adj. accompanying, additional XIV 300, CXVI 136. [AF] colled v. pa.t.3sg. embraced X 234, A XI 177. [AF coler] colomy adj. dirty XIII 335. [ME fr. colme] coloppes, colopis, colhoppes n. scrambled eggs and bacon? VI 285, A VII 269, C VIII 307; a rich meat dish C XV 67. [?] colour n. 1. colour, hue XI 368, C XX 213; pi. XI 330, C XIII 175; of o ~ spotless III 238; cai^te ~ flushed XI 405, C XIII 213. 2. pi. paints, pigments XIX/XXI 241; heraldic bearings XIX/ XXI 13. 3. manner, appearance XV 209, C XVIII 21; pi tricks, ruses XIX/XXI 351. [AF] colourep v. pr.t.3sg. misrepresents XIX/XXI 458; pp. concealed XIX/XXI 347. [AF colourer] coltyng n. name of a junior devil C XX 288.

coluere n. dove XV 404, C XVII 173; fig. XV 415, C XVII 246. [OE culfre] comaundev. pr.t.lsg. order IV 6, A IV 6, C IV 6; pa.t.3sg. II 199, A IV 72, C IV 195; pr.t.pl decree C VIII 88; pa.t.3sg. I 20, A I 20, C I 20; imp.sg. C V 194; pr.t.3sg. requires XI 181, XIX/XXI 113; pr.t.Ssg. directs C VIII 229, XIII 78; pa.t.3sg. XIX/XXI 361; imp.sg. request IV 8; pa.t.Ssg. XIII46. [AF comander] comaundement, comandement n. commandment XIV 292, C III 410; pi XV 74, C XI 140. [fr. prec.] comaundour n. ruler A III 274. [AF] combraunce n. 1. burden, handicap XII 45, C XII 245. 2. misfortune C V 190; disaster XVIII 268, C XVIII 172. [ME fr. AF encombraunce] combre v. burden spiritually C I 67; pr.t.2sg. do injury to A X 93. [cp. acombre] come(n) v. contextual^: 1. come, proceed, go Pr 185, III 114,' IV 36, A IX 94, C III 452, VII 304, XII 58; pr.t.lsg. V 105, VI 89, A V 85, C V 50; 2sg. fig. X 165, A XI 117, C XI 107; 3sg. XI 259, A XI 87, C II 245; pi XVIII 16, A VII 34, C II 192; pa.t.lsg. Ill 178, XIII 24, A III 165, C XI 135; 3sg. Pr 149, I 4, II 26, A II 160, III 90, C Pr 95, II 205; pi Pr 148, A II 115, C XIV 97; pr.subj.sg. IV 8, V 412, A X 24, C IV 8, V 178; pi X451, A IV 21, C VII 207; pa.subj.sg. XVI 102, 174, A VII 106, C VII 170, XX 423; imp.sg. V 572(2), A VI 59(2), C VII 219(2); pi XIX/XXI 383, C XX/XXII 174; prp. XVII 53, C XIX 51; pp. XI 113, XVIII 268, C XX 276. 2. pr.t.3sg. approaches XVIII 252, XIX/XXI 13, XX/XXII 88; pi C IV 33; pa.t.3sg. XIX/XXI 86; imp.pl XIX/XIX 383. 3. return XIX/XXI 192, XX/XXII 150; pr.subj.sg. XVII 77. 4. of hopedfor advent X322, CV168; pp. Ill 303, C III 456; of dream experience pa.t.3sg. appeared P r l l 2 , XI 321, AV107, C Pr 141, V I I I ; pi Pr24, A Pr 24. 5. come (by agency) VII 94, XII 256, A VIII 172, C IX 340; pr.t.3sg. is served V 178, C VI 160; is brought XV 452; pa.t.sg. VI 299, A VII 283; hym ~ he acquired C XIX 237. 6. of time pr.subj.sg. XV 551; pa.subj.sg. arrived VI 114, XVI 102, A VII 106, C XVIII 40

come(n) - comsynge

Glossary

body of freemen who constitute the County Court XV 237, C XVI 362. 3. pi. sustenance P r l l 7 , V 46, A V 3 8 , C V 144, VIII 291; fig. XIX/XXI 407. [AF] com(m)un(e), comoun, commen, comyn adj. in general use, shared by all III 132, A III 121, C III 169; embracing all classes of people X 238; joint, common C III 245. 2. ordinary, common II 58, IV 166, X466, A XI 241, C XX 406; ~ court Court of Common Pleas, county court III 320, CII22; -lawe law of the land XVIII 72, C XX 74; ~ like general wish XX/XXII 30; ~ peple laity XIX/XXI 7. 4. quasi-adv. in ~ for common use 120, VII 54, A I 20, CI20; in common ownership XX/XXII 276; for common benefit XIV 201, C XVI 42; without exception C XII 168; reciprocally X362. [AF] communers n. burgesses XV 332, C IV 188, V 183. [AF] compace v. create designs, draw plans XIX/XXI 241. [AF compasser] compacience n. compassion XIII 80, C XV 87. [AF compatient] compaignable, compenable adj. genial, affable XV 219, C XVI 344. [AF] compaignie n. followers, associates XX/ XXII 120; fellowship XX/XXII 182; band, gang XIII 160, XIX/XXI 155; presence C XIII 243; in phr. folwe ... ~ seek (sbody's) friendship V 641; suwe ~ associate w. XI 424; in ~ among people, XIX/XXI 160, C XVI 344. [AF] compas n. draughtsman's compass C XI 123. [AF compasse] compasynge ger. designing, draughtsmanship XVII 173. [cp. AF compasser] com(e)sep, compsip v. 1. pr.t.Ssg. originates I 139, A I 139, C I 159; begins C XVII 62; pr.t.Ssg. starts something new XVII 35; pa.t.Bsg. made a beginning XIX/XXI 106; pr.t.2sg. begin A X 101; 3sg. Ill 104, V 76, AIII 93, C VIII 336; pa.t.lsg. VIII 20, A IX 16, C X 20; 3sg. XIX/XXI 97, A V 23, C IV 24; w. weakened force pr.t.Ssg. VI 314, C VIII 236; pa.t.lsg. XI 405, C XIII 213; 3sg. XII 280, XVIII 57, XX/XXII 242, C XIV 202, XVIII 107. [AF comencer] comsynge ger. beginning XVIII 215, C

136; pp. XVI 93, C XVIII 126; prp. tyme-aftur in the future C XII 203; to ~ in prospect XII 5. 7. pr.t.3sg. comes into being XIV 83; ~ aboute IX 208, A X217. 8. w. adv. or prep. adju. ~ ayein return XVII 123; conflict w. A X 93; attacked XX/XXII 220; ~ by pass V 572, A VI 59, C VII 219; acquired C V 6; ~ in enters as a novice X 307; is/were present in VI 303, XV 235, A VII 287, C XVI 360; gained admission XV 403, C XVII 173; appeared XIX/XXI 7; intruded XI 217; ~ of am/were descended from II 28, A II 21, C II 30, V 66; derive(s) from XII 64, C III 338; originates in XVI 28, A X 184, C XVIII 32; drawn from IV 189, A IV 152; ~ to get XX/XXII 209; acquire, attain (to) X 357, XI 53, A XI 240, C III 365; arrive in time for V 412; ~ for|) attracted notice XVIII 78, C XX 80; ~ perlnne gets to be inside 161, A I 59, C I 57; ~ berto attain it XI 11, C XI 170; fig. ~ togideres come to grips XIV 239, C XVI 79; ~ vp approached Pr 73, A Pr 70, C Pr 71; wherof we ~ by virtue of which we exist III 56, C III 60. [OE cuman] comende v. in phr. to ~ praiseworthy, commendable XII 70, C XIV 35; pr.t.pl. praise C XVI 287; pa.t.3sg. IV 158; pp. A XI 294, C XI 274; recommended XII 177, C XIV 117. [CF contender] comeres n. chance comers, visitors II 233, A II 43, 192, C II 243. [ME] comet n. comet, the star of Bethlehem (Mat. 2.2) C XIV 97. [AF comete] comynge ger. advent, coming (of Christ into this world) XVI 248, C XX 444. comly, comely adj. beautiful XVIII 119, C XX 122; fit, suitable XV 452. [OE cymlic] commissarie, comissare n. bishop's representative, w. commission to exercise jurisdiction II 180, A III 132, C XVI 364. [AF] com(m)une, comine n. 1. community C V 186; the communally, people of the realm IV 151, C I I I 385, V 75; people generally, 'everybody' IV 182, A XI 222, C Pr 95, III 202; common people, plain folk P r l l S , III 316, A III 66, C IV 30; the third estate Pr 117, XV 553, C Pr 142, VIII 84; as pi. P r l l S . 2. the 41

comsynge - conquerour

Glossary

XX 224; pi origins C XI 92. comunliche, cominliche adv. in association C XVI 141; frequently C XIV 19; usually, in general XIX/XXII 312, C XI 290. [fr. adj.] conceyuen v. 1. comprehend, grasp VIII 57, A IX 48, C X 56; pp. XI 414, C XIII 222; pa.t.3sg. received, took in VI 33, A VII 35, C VIII 32. 2. pa.t.3sg. conceived, became pregnant XVIII 129, C XX 132; pi. XI 358; pp. XI 341, C XIII 151; begotten IX 123, A X 140, C X 213. [AF conceivre] concepcion n. mating (of animals) XI 337, C XIII 145; by synec. progeny 1X161, A X 184. [AF] conclude v. confute X453, C XI 278. [L] condicion n. condition XIX/XXI 477. [AF] confermen v. 1. make secure in the faith XIII 213; pp. sacramentally confirmed XV 457. 2. pa.tJsg. ratified, fulfilled X 358; abs. gave confirmation (of the law) C XIV 39. [AFconfermer] 1. hear confession, confesse(n) v. administer the sacrament of penance XI 76, C XVII 280; trans. pa.t.Bsg. C XII 15; ironic X 322, C V 168. 2. refl. pr.t.lsg. make a formal confession in the sacrament XVII 301, C XIX 281; pr.tpl C VI 338; imp.sg. XI 54, C XII 5. [AF confesser] confession n. formal confession in the sacrament XII 175, C X 53; pi. XX/ XXII 328; fig. XIX/XXI 331, XX/XXII 213, C XVI 26. [AF] confessour n. 1. priest authorized to hear confession III 35, A III 34, C III 38; pi IV 149, A IV 132, C V 194; personal spiritual advisor IV 145, XX/XXII 371, A IV 128, C IV 142. 2. saint who suffered for his faith but was not martyred C XII 197; pi IX 112, A X 135, C X 205. [AF] conformen v. 1. dispose XI 181, XV 344; conform C III 398; refl. ~ to model (sthing) on XV 344. [AFconformer] confort n. 1. courage, assurance XIII 450, C VII 110; trust XX/XXII 371; spiritual relief, consolation XII 83, XIV 286; in phr. of- beneficial XI 262, C XII 151, benefit IV 151; support XIV 300, C V 75, XVI 136; physical pleasure XX/ XXII 182; pers. XX/XXII 91. [AF]

confortable adj. reassuring, comforting XIV 282. [CF] confortatif adj. cheerful, encouraging XV 219. [CF] conforten, counforte, comforte v. 1. strengthen spiritually I 203, A I 177, C XIV 70; pr.tJsg. XII 178, C I 198, XVIII 73. 2. hearten, assure, reassure II 151, XI 266, A II 115, C VI 281; pr.t.2sg. XIV 180; 3sg. XII 175, C XIV 115; pa.t.Bsg. XX/XXII 243; pi III 15, A III 15, C III 16; pp. XVI 248, C XVIII 266; free of anxiety XIII 22, XIV 147, C VI 281. 2. pa.t.3sg. encouraged, urged XI 46, C XI 176; exhorted XII 21. 3. pr.t.3sg. gives aid to, supports VII 49, A VIII 51, C XVI 326; pa.t.3sg. XX/XXII 67; imp.sg. C XV 145. 4. sustain XIII 218, C XV 187, 194; minister to, succour XVII 123, XVIII 257, C XX 265; pa.t.3sg. XII 81, XIX/ XXI 128; imp.sg. XIV 175, A VII 206, C XV 145; relieve of suffering XIV 175, A XI 189, C IX 97; make at ease XIV 179. 5. pa.t.3sg. entertained XIII 58, C XV 61; fig. CXV94. [AFconforter] confortour n. giver of spiritual strength and reassurance XVI 190. [AF] confounde v. bring to destruction C V 190. [AF confoundre} confus adj. disconcerted X 141, A XI 94. [AF] congeien, cunge, conieyed v. 1. dismiss (from office) III 174, A III 161, C IV 195; send away, put out C XI 161; imp.sg. IV 4, A IV 4, C IV 4; pp. turned away C XVI 369. 2. pa.t.Ssg. took leave of XIII 198; sent on his way C XV 175.[AFcongeier] congie n. leave XIII 202. [AF] conynges n. rabbits Pr 189. [AF conin] conyon n. grotesque buffoon, lumpish oaf A XI 87. [AF cangoun, AN cangiun] coniured v. pa.t.lsg. adjured XV 14. [AF conjurer} connesaunce n. heraldic device, cognizance C XVIII 186. [AF conissaunce} conquere v. conquer C III 255; pp. C III 245; intr. pa.t.3sg. was victorious XIX/ XXI 50; pr.t.3sg. ~ on is victorious over C III 251. [AF conquerre} conquerour n. victorious king XIX/XXI 42

conquerour - contrarie

Glossary

the sense of right and wrong expressed in mistaken compassion XX/XXII 356; the predicament experienced by the human soul whose only hope is grace abounding XX/XXII 380, 384. [AF] consenteth v. pr.t.3sg. agrees to cede C II 93. [AF consentir] consistorie, constorie, constory n. diocesan court for adjudication under canon law, episcopal court II 178, III 142, 320, A III 30, C XVI 364; fig. the last judgement Pr 99, CPrl22. [CF] conspire v. plan, plot X 19, A XI 19; pa.t. 3sg. X429. [AF conspirer] constable, co(n)estable n. 1. officer of the king's peace II 199, A IV 72, C III 468; pi. II 209. 2. high steward C III 256. 3. governor (of a castle) fig. IX 17, XX/XXII 214, A X 16, CX143. [AF] constellacioun, constillacioun n. conjunction of planets A X 146, C XIV 31. [AF constellation] constrayne v. 1. compel, force C V 54. 2. control C XX 435. [AF constraindre] construe v. 1. translate V 419, XV 375, A VIII 90, C VII 34; pr.subj.sg. Pr 144; imp.sg. V 278; abs. XIV 277. 2. interpret IV 145, A IV 133, C IV 147; pa.t.pl. Pr 61, A Pr 58. 3. pr.t.Ssg. express judgement II 36; judges A VIII 134. 4. contrive, devise X 19, A XI 19. [L construere] contemplacion n. religious meditation XX/ XXII 274; dedication to spiritual matters C XVIII 73; a life so dedicated C XVIII 77; pers. C VII 305. [AF] contemplatif adj. devoted to spiritual concerns VI 249, A VII 233. [AF] contenaunce, contina(u)nce, cuntenaunce n. 1. assumed manner XVI 149. 2. meaningful look or gesture V 183, XIII 112, C X I 161. 3. display Pr 24, A Pr 24, C Pr 26. 4. in phr. for my ~ to make an impression, to be noticed XI 16, C XI 175. [AF] continence n. sexual restraint C XVIII 73; fig. XVI 69. [AF] continue, contenue v. persevere (in good conduct) C V 39; imp.sg. C V 104; persevere (in chastity) IX 182, C X 283; (in virginity) XII 38. [AF continuer] contrarie n. opposite X 201, XV 371, A XI 150, C IX 194, X239; opposed prin-

27; possessor by conquest XIX/XXI 14. [AF] conquest n. conquered territory XIX/XXI 43. [CF] conscience n. 1. mind, heart, consciousness XIII 390; inmost thought III 67, C V 83, XVII 149. 2. awareness of moral issues, moral sense XIV 88, XX/XXII 147, C II 54. 3. moral scruples II 51, XI 53, XX/XXII 222, C XII 5; anxiety about (one's) moral state XIV 189; sense of guilt XIV 282; sense of right and wrong V 328, A V 177, C VI 386; in phr. ayein clene ~ dishonestly VII 22, A VIII 24, C I X 2 6 . 4. fig.: as territory a spiritual awareness V 562, A VI 49, C VII 207; as a book looking into one's heart and spiritual condition XV 536, C XVII 197; as daily fare an abiding sense of right and wrong XIX/XXI 407. 5. pers. the mature mind, developed intelligence VII 139, A VIII 121, C III 344, V 181; a sense of what is fitting XI 66; the faculty of moral judgement, innate sense of right and wrong II 139, III 42, 284, XV 242, A III 109, 161, V l l , C Pr 95, II 248, III 256; unreasoning natural reaction against absolute enforcement of the law C Pr 152; the faculty of moral judgement directed or confirmed by reason IV 11, 24, XI 132, XV 32, 553, A IV 22, 48, C I V 166, 195, V 6, 113; awareness of the existence of moral issues, more or less developed moral instinct IV 41, V 539, A VI 27, C VIII 53, XV 25; the ideal king's awareness of the avarice of lawyers C Pr 160; concern for the well-being of the Church as an institution C Pr 138; respect for the divinely instituted principle of 'degre' C Pr 143; a sense of moral responsibility C VIII 13; moral scrupulosity III 206, C III 239; the sense of right and wrong experienced in awareness of the mystery of the Redemption XIX/XXI 9; the sense of right and wrong perfected by divine grace but in peril from the forces of evil XIX/ XXI 214, 220, 256, 337, XX/XXII 113, 120, 232; the principles of right and wrong that must survive even apocalyptic catastrophe XX/XXII 151; the sense of right and wrong: distressed and confused by the state of the Church and Christendom XX/XXII 140, 242, 322, 356; 43

contrarie - cost

Glossary

ciple, antithesis XVII 274, C XIX 329; opposition C XVII 161. [L and AF contraire] contrarie adv. in phr. euene pe exactly opposite C I 122. contrarie v. 1. resist, conflict w. XVII 335, C XIX 315; pr.t.Ssg. goes counter to, opposes V 54; imp.sg. offend against C XVII 149; pa.t.pl. disagreed w. C Pr 59. 2. pr.t.pl. violate XV 569, C XVII 251; abs. deviates, is inconsistent C X 244. 3. pr.t.Bsg. belittles, undervalues C II 22; pa.t.2sg. XII 156, C XIV 100. 4. abs. feel or express resentment, be bitter XVII 344. [AF contrarier] contre(e), contrey(e), contraye, cuntre n. 1. region, locality VIII 12, XVII 116, A IX 12, C VIII 205, X 266; fig. C XVIII 4; pi. XIII 219, C XV 188; shire A II 43, C II 58; place XIII 223, XVII 53, XIX/XXI 136, C XVII 164; pi. judicial districts C II 65. 2. nation XX/XXII 224, APr95; pi. foreign countries VIII 15, CIII 239; in- abroad in the land Pr 29, XVI 170, APr29, CPr31; in- sg. anywhere C X 266; pi. everywhere XIX/XXI 312. [AF] contreued v. 1. plot, conspire C XI 16; pa.t.pl. XVI 137; pa.t.lsg. schemed C VI 39; pa.t.lsg. devised, invented X 182, A XI 134, CXI 123; 3sg. Pr 118; pi. C Pr 145; pa.t.3sg. conceived C XIV 160; pi discovered, derived C XIV 73. [AF controver] contricion n. sorrow for sin committed as an offence against God XI 81, XII 175, 181, CX53, XIV 121; fig. as cleansing agent XIV 16; as a cart horse XIX/XXI 331; as a region XX/XXII 113; pers. XI 135, XX/XXII 316, C XV 59. [AF contnaoun] contrit adj. sorry for (one's) sins, contrite XIV 90. [AF] contumax adj. as adv. in contempt of the ecclesiastical court C XIII 85. [L] counterrollor n. auditing accountant C XI 297. [AF contrerollour] conuerte, conuertede v. 1. convert C XVII 186; pa.t.Ssg. turned to a virtuous life XVI 109, C XVIII 142. 2. pa.t.Ssg. transformed C XX 189. [AF convertir] cook, coek n. cook fig. V 155, C VI 130; fig. C V 175; pi. vendors of cooked foods Pr226, A III 68, C Pr 230. [OE

coc] cope n. cloak, mantle C IX 248; pi. Pr 56, APr53, CPr59. [AF] cope v. provide cloak(s) for, clothe V 266, VI 147, C VI 288; pr.t.Ssg. Ill 143, A III 132, C III 381; pa.t.pl. dressed in a cloak II 233, A II 192, C II 243; pp. Ill 35, XX/XXII 344, A III 34. [fr. n.] copiede v. pa.t.Ssg. copied A VIII 44. [AF * copier: cp. copie] cople see COUPLER. coppe, cuppe n. drinking vessel, bowl, goblet V 332, X 315, A V 185, C V 161; pi III 22, A III 21, C III 23; fig. C XX 406. [OE cuppe, AF cupe, coupe] corde n. rope XVI 128. [AF] corfrc. Corfe in Dorsetshire CIII 141. corlew, corleu n. curlew XIV 43, C XV 241. [AF] corn n. 1. corn, cereal grain as a crop VI 92, A VI 32, C VIII 243; pi cereal crops XIX/XXI 318; corn standing in growth VI 140, A VII 128, C V 17; as a foodstuff A VII 61; by melon, staple food XIII 261, A VII 183, C XV 256. 2. kernels of cereal XV 402, C XVII 173. [OE] cornehull n. Cornhill in the City of London C V 1. corners, corner, angle C XV 161. [AF] correcte v. 1. admonish, reprove XIX/ XXI 303. 2. re/1, imp.pl. amend, reform X289. [AS corrector} correctours n. persons w. spiritual duty to rebuke or punish X 289. [fr. v.] corrupcions n. pi. diseases, pestilences XX/XXII 99. [CF corrupcioun} cors, corps n. body 1139, A I 128, CXVI 183; dead body, corpse XIII 9, XIX/XXI 151, C XV 11. [AF and L corpus} corsaint n. saint whose shrine is a place of pilgrimage V 532, A VI 20, C VII 177. [AF] corseder, corsedore see CURSEI>. corsement n. fig. cursing C VI 65. corsynge ger. interdiction, excommunication C VIII 159. [fr. v.] cosyn n. kinsman II 133, A II 97; Jig. cousin X 153, XX/XXII 357, A XI 105, CXI 91; pi kin XII 93. [AF cosin} cost «.(!) way of behaving, natural disposition III 68, C III 72. [OE] cost, coest «.(2) expense XIII 41, C III 373, 385. [AF] 44

costantyn - cours

Glossary

vise, counsel Pr 115, A IV 98, C Pr 142, IV 106; pr.t.lsg. Pr 187, A VIII 179, C Pr 204; 2sg. XIX/XXI 391; 3sg. XIX/XXI 113, A X 97, C VIII 13; pi. VII 155, XIX/XXI 462; pa.t.lsg. Ill 187, A III 174, CIII 233; 2sg. Ill 206, A III 193, C III 242; 3sg. I 66, V 48, A 164, CV180; imp.sg. XX/XXII 207, C VIII 84; pp. C XIV 5; abs. give advice C VI 29. 2. teach, instruct X 223; pr.t.3sg. XIX/XXI 113, A XI 222, C XII 168. [AF counseiller] counte v. 1. value, rate C XI 175; pr.t. Isg. XX/XXII 222; 3sg. C IX 304; pi. XIX/XXI 451; pa.t.lsg. C XI 312; 3sg. A VII 154; pa.t.Bsg. reckoned (sthing) to be XX/XXII 147; pi. XII 138; pr.t.Ssg. ~ 0031 a risshe thinks of no importance III 142, A III 131, C III 180; has no respect (for) XI 430, C XII 197, XIII 237. 2. pr.t.3sg. takes account of, is concerned about XIX/XXI 304; pi. C IX 109, X 258; ~ 110113! is unconcerned XIX/XXI 444. 3. account, hold a reckoning AIV 11. [AF confer] counte(e) n. fig. county II 86, C II 93. [AF] countrepledep v. pr.t.pi. dispute w., oppose XX/XXII 384; imp.sg. XII 98, C VIII 53; dispute, question C Pr 138, VIII 88. [AFcontrepleder] countresegge v. dispute w., disagree w. C XI 222. [ME] coupable adj. guilty XII 88; found guilty XVII 306, C XIX 286. [AF] coupe, cope n. sinfulness, spiritual guilt V 76, A V 59, C VI 327. [AF] couple, copil n. match, union in matrimony IX 165, A X 186; pi. married couples C XVIII 222; pair (of animals) of opposite sex IX 144, A X 175. [AF cuple] couplep v. 1. pr.t.3sg. joins III 165, A III 152; pa.t.pl. IV 149, A IV 132, C IV 146; pa.t.3pl. joined in marriage IX 131, A X 156; pa.subj.pl. A X 158; pp. paired, mated IX 129; pr.subj.sg. associate X 165. 2. pp. leashed in pairs Pr 207; harness, hitch up C II 193. [AF coupler] courrour n. courier, official messenger A XII 84. [CF coreour] cours n. 1. process III 56, C XIII 145; line of action XV 369, C XVII 105. 2. hath his ~ has free rein C XVII 161; ~

costantyn n. the Emperor Constantine X 329, XV 557, C V 175. coste n. La quarter circuit of the compass direction XVIII 113. 2. pi. lands, regions II 86, A IX 12, C X 12. [AF] coste, costed v. pa.t.Bsg. cost XIII 382; pr.subj.sg. C Pr 213; intr. was an expense Pr 204, CPr212. [AF couster] costned v. pa.subj.sg. cost Pr 205. [fr. prec.] cote ».(!) hovel XII 146, C XIV 90; chapun ~ capon shed C VI 136; mean dwelling, cottage C V 2; pi. VIII 16, C IV 123. [OE] coten.(2) tunic, surcoat V 111, XI 285, A V 91, C XVI 301; fig. garment XIII 273. [AF] cote armure n. emblazoned surcoat, tunic of light cloth displaying heraldic arms worn over armour, heraldic bearings XIX/XXI13. [CF] coterelles n. poor cottagers, indigent labourers C IX 97, 194. [AF cotrel] cotep v. pr.t.3sg. provides a tunic for, clothes, III 143, A III 132, C III 181. [fr. n.] cotidian n. intermittent fever, quotidian fever A XII 84. [AF] cou3e see COGHEK coughes, cowhes n. illnesses accompanied by coughing, consumption? XX/XXII 82. [fr. v.] counseil(le), conseil(le) n. 1. meeting, assembly Pr 148, C Pr 169; royal or privy council Pr 144, III 101, A IV 156, C III 152, V 144. 2. advice, counsel VIII 108, 1X117, A X 91, CIII 7, 146; direction XX/XXII 30; teaching VI 314, XV 68, C VI 76; in phr. kynges/his ~ advice given to the king IV 123, C IV 119; permission, sanction XX/XXII 21; by my ~ w. my assent Pr 203, C Pr 211; to ~ as adviser, for consultation X 21, A XI 21, C IV 166; aside for a private word XIII 177, C XV 174. 3. plan, scheme, adopted course of action Pr 180, XVIII 95, C II 122, III 376; lewed ~ haue are ill-advised, misguided XV 322, C XVII 56. 4. private thoughts IV 8, A IV 8, C IV 8; confidential or private matter V 168, 183, XIX/XXI 162, C VI 165; of hisAjour ~ privy w. him/you II 139, A II 103, C XVI 361. [AF] counseille(n), conseille, consayle v. 1. ad45

cours - craft

Glossary

of case development and outcome of a lawsuit C III 389. [AF] court, couert n. 1. enclosed yard, farm courtyard XV 474. 2. great house, castle Pr 149, XIII 23, XX/XXII 344, C Pr 218; pi VIII 15, C X 15; fig. X 168, A XI 120. 3. fig. royal establishment and its members, court Pr 194, A IV 29, C Pr 207; fig. of heaven XV 17, A V I 72, C 1105, III 456. 4. the papal curia P r i l l , CPrl34, XVII 166. 5. court of law III 321, XIX/XXI 304, C III 474; pi II 63, C IV 186; Court of the King's Bench II 191, XV 235, A II 152, C Pr 160, II 22; Court of Common Pleas or county court III 320(2), C II 22(2), XVI 362; manorial court C VII 33; diocesan court in session III 31, A III 30, C III 34; the hostile mob outside Pilate's praetorium (Mk. 15) XVIII 39, CXX38. [AF] courtepy n. short coat, jacket V 79, A V 62; pi short capes VI 188, C VIII 185. [MDu corte pie] coueite(n) v. desire, wish for, want X 343, XV 159; pr.t.lsg. VIII 113, A IX 103, C X 1 0 9 ; 2sg. XI 11, XV 39, A X 101, CXI 107; 3sg. Pr 189, XIII 149, A VIII 51, CIII 255, XII 169; pi III 164, A XII 3, C XVII 228; pa.t.3sg. Ill 273, A III 252, CIII 402; pi. CXV71; pr.subj. sg. C XI 139; imp.sg. A III 248; pi IX 176, A X 197, CX278; pp. XVIII 169, C XX 172; desire sinfully pr.t.3sg. VII 49, CV151; pi Pr29, A XI 210, C IX 194, XIX 185; pa.t.Ssg. Ill 273, A III 252, C XVI 293; pa.subj. sg. XI 125, C XII 60; imp.sg. V 573, A III 248, C VII 220; abs. CXI 18; pr.t.Ssg. is covetous XV 254; fig. in grammatical analogy C III 371, 399; pa.subj.sg. C III 363. [CF coveiter] coueitise n. 1. immoderate desire: for wealth or possessions 1196, III 68, A III 152, C Pr 103, I 67; for something forbidden Pr 61, A II 32, C XIX 269; fig. as a region II 86, A II 62, C II 93; as dirtying a garment XIII 355; as an insect or blight XVI 28, C XVIII 32; as a greedy dove XV 415; as a carding comb X 18, A XI 18, C XI 15; as a smoking fire XVII 348, C XIX 328; pers. the deadly sin of avarice V 188, AV107, C XVI 79; in phr. ~ of ei3es transl. L concupiscentia oculorum XI 14, C XI

191. 2. avarice, niggardliness fig. XIII 219, A I 170. 3. object of desire IV 119, V52, CIV 114. [AF] coueitous adj. guilty of the sin of covetousness V 198, A III 59, C VI 206; desirous XIII 183; ~ for hymselue selfish XIV 201, C XVI 42; as coll. n. C XIV 21. [AF] couena(u)nt n. 1. agreed wage XIV 151, C XIV 216. 2. undertaking VI 160, A VII 147, C VIII 157; in ~ on condition (that) V332, XIX/XXI 186, A VII 29; in harmonious agreement XVIII 417, C XX 460. [AF] couent 77. religious community living under a rule V 155, A XI 210, C VI 39, 162. [AF] couere, cuuere v. provide a roof for III 60, C III 64; cover XIV 334; pr.t.3sg. C IX 250; ~ fro protects against XII 178, C XIV 118; pa.t.Ssg. refl. fig. takes cover XIX/XXI 296; pp. hidden C IX 138; ~ vnder disguised, concealed by XIX/XXI 347; symbolized by XIX/XXI 86. [AF coverer] couerour n. fig. provider of roofs for C V 175. [AF] cow, kyen«. cow VI 287, A VII 271, C XIII 149; uninfl. gen. XV 470; pi VI 140. [OE CM, cyna] cowardly adv. in a cowardly manner III 206, A III 193. [cp. AF coward] cowes n. choughs A VII 128. [AF cauwe, chowe] cowkynde n. female bovine XI 341, C XIII 149. [ME] crabbede adj. perversely disputatious X 107, A XI 65, C XIV 100. [cp. OE crabba] cracchen v. scratch Pr 154, C Pr 203; claw out XI 144, C XII 79; intr. C VI 140; pp. dressed w. teasels XV 454. [cp. MDu cratsen] cradeln. cradle C IX 79. [OE] craft n. 1. power, innate capability 1139, XVII 173, XIX/XXI 253, A I 128; pers. XIX/XXI 256. 2. ingenuity, skill III 19, XIX/XXI 234, A III 18, C III 20. 3. handicraft, skilled occupation, trade II 229, 547, A V 2 5 , C V 20, VI 42; pi Pr 118, A Pr 101, C VII 191; honest skill V 468, XX/XXII 342; profession C IV 170; as group term XIX/XXI 250. 4. means, method II 4, A II 4, C II 4. 5. 46

craft - cristendom

Glossary

proclaimed XIX/XXI 159; intr. call out in distress XX/XXII 230. 2. wail, weep XVI 75, XX/XXII 369, C XVIII 107; beg plaintively 1X82, C XI 40; pr.t.lsg. screech C VI 140. 3. pray (to), beg, entreat (sbody for sthing) VII 201, A VIII 179, C XVII 246; pr.t.lsg. V 108, A V 88; pi. C III 93, VI 338; pa.t.lsg. I 79, A I 77, C I 7 6 ; 3sg. V71, XX 375, A V 54, C XIII 13; pa.subj.pl. C VII 147; pray for XI 135, C XII 70; pa.t.sg. XIV 334; pr.subj.sg. XVII 301, C XIX 281; pi. XVII 245, C XIX 211; pr.subj.sg. pray XII 254. 4. ~ after pr.t.Ssg. loudly demands XV 254; pa.t. 3sg. called upon, summoned XV 279, XX/XXII 90; ~ on pa.t.3sg. reproached V 443, XI 70, A V 215, C VII 57; shouted in condemnation XVIII 39, C XX 38; pr.subj.sg. let us appeal to XX 78; ~ vpon pa.t.sg. summoned XX/ XXII 165; ~ vpward looked to heaven and prayed pr.t.pl. V 5 1 1 , A V 253, C VII 156. [CF crier] criket«. salamander XIV 42, C XV 241. [AF criquet] crist n. the deity as second person of the Trinity Pr 88, 125, A III 251, V 247, C I 78, 122; as man on earth X 252, XI 217, A XI 273, 294, C III 356, XIV 38; Jesu ~ XIV 181; as saviour of mankind V464, X358, A V 236, 1X50, C X 58, XI 31; as victorious over death and the devil XVIII 109, XIX/XXI 14, 62, C XX 112; as judge on the last day Pr 99, VII 194, A VIII 172, C IX 240, 340; as king of heaven Pr 105, XV 17, C Pr 133; as king of kings I 105, A I 103, C XVII 228. [OE] cristen, cristne adj. 1. Christian III 289, IX 82, A XI 250, 290, C XII 60, XIII 90. 2. as n. Christian person X 356, A XI 239, C XVII 183; pi. as coll n. Christians, Christian people I 93, VI 95, A I 166, VIII 179, C IX 347, XII 58. [OE] cristen v. baptize, christen X 354, A XI 237; pa.t.3sg. XV 445, pp. XV 457, A XII 15, C XVII 165. [OE cristnian] cristendom n. 1. the Christian religion, Christianity XI 201, XII 283, C XVII 186, 282; fig. V 588, XIII 273, XIX/ XXI 130, A VI 75, C VII 235; Christian doctrine, the teachings of Christianity XI

trick V 223, A V 139, C VI 231; pi. X 21, A XI 21. [OEcrafi] crafty adj. skilful, intricate Pr 162, C Pr 181; ~ men men w. trade skills III 225, VI 68, A XI 185, C III 280; ~ konnynge skill as a craftsman XIII 292. [OE crafiig] craftily adv. ingeniously, skilfully IX 5, A X5, CX132. [fr. adj.] craked v. pa.t.3sg. broke XVIII 73, C XX 75. [OE cracian] crampe, crompe n. sickness accompanied by spasms XIII 334, C VI 78; pers. pi. XX/XXII82. [CF] craue v. demand XIII 164; ask for C XII 150; pr.t.3sg. XIV 214, C XVI 55; pi. Ill 222, A III 212, C III 275; pa.t.3sg. begged for C XV 34; claimed as his due VI 92, A VII 84, C VIII 101; abs. beg C VI 49; abs. pr.t.Bsg. makes requests, importunes XV 165, 254; ~ of pr.t.lsg. make demands of X1X/XXI 476. [OE crafiari] crauynge ger. begging, beseeching XIV 187. creatour n. creator IX 26, A X 27, C XVII 153. [AF] creature n. 1. created being XI 326, XII 226, 279, XVIII 129, C XIII 207, XX 132; pi XIII 18, A XI 246, C XIV 157. 2. person V 270, IX 82, XI 181, A XI 250, C XIII 207, XIV 5; pi people XII 83, 121, A XII 110, C XV 271, XIX 185. 3. creation XV 15, XX/XXII 151; pi. XI 199; angelic orders C I 105. [AF] creaunt, cryant adj. defeated, vanquished XII 193, C XIV 153. [cp. AF recreaunt} crede n. Apostles' Creed VI 89, A VII 81, CIII 360. [OEcreda] crem(e), craym «. cream VI 282, A VII 266, C VIII 320. [AF] crepe v. creep, crawl I 196, XX/XXII 44, A I 170; pr.t.Ssg. fig. XVI 28; pi. XIII 18, C XV 20; pa.t.2sg. Ill 191, A III 178; pa.subj.pl Pr 186, C Pr 203; imp. pi XVIII 428; C XX 471; sneak XV 530, C XVII 280. [OEcreopan] cresses see CARSE. crye(n) v. 1. shout, call out (sthing) Pr 143, XIII 448, C VII 108, XVII 222; pr.t.3sg. XVIII 263, C XIX 272; pa.t.lsg. XIX/XXI 212, XX/XXII 201; 3sg. V63, A V 4 6 , C IV 157; pi. XVIII 39, A Pr 104, C XX 38; pa.t.3sg. 47

cristendom - curseb

Glossary

216, XII 108, C XVII 251; Christian theological erudition C XII 79. 2. the individual's Christian faith XI 125, C XII 60; fig. spiritual condition as a Christian XIV 11. 3. baptism, christening XII 279, XIV 323, C XVII 78. [OE] cristnyngrc. baptism, christening XIV 185. [OE cristnung] croce, crose n. crosier A IX 86, C X 93. [AF] crocer n. bishop's chaplain, crosier-bearer CV113. [AVcrocier] croft n. small enclosed field VI 32, A VII 34, C V 17; fig. V 572, A VI 59, C VII 219; smallholding VI 290, A VII 274, C VIII 313. [OE] croked(e) pp. gnarled C II 29; crippled C IX 97; as coll. n. cripples XI 192, XVI 108, C XII 104. [OE crocod] crokes n. grappling irons C XX 294. [OE croc} crokke n. pot, crock XIX/XXI 280. [OE croc} crommes n. crumbs C VIII 278; scraps of food C VIII 287. [OEcruma] croniclesw. pi. chronicles CV178. [AF] crop n. 1. crown C XVIII 75; fig. XVI 42. 2. harvest, crop fig. XX/XXII 53. [OE] crope see CREPE. croppep v. pr.t.3pl. feed on the tender shoots of VI 32, A VII 34; pa.t.3sg. ate, fed on XV 402. [fr. ME n.] cropward n. in phr. to pe ~ toward the crown C XVIII 107. [ME] cros(se), croos, croes n. 1. gibbet used for crucifixion, cross X 422, A XI 281, C XIV 153; as symbol of Christ's suffering and the redemption XIX/XXI 7; as symbol of the Christian faith XV 447, C XIX 8; altar-cross XVIII 428, C V 106. 2. pastoral staff VIII 96, XV 570; cross held by a preacher as a symbol of his mission V 12, A V 11. 3. cross on the obverse of a gold coin XV 543, C XVII 205. ironic for loue of pe ~ as an act of Christian kindness V241. [OE fr. Olr] crouch n. cross-shaped pilgrim's badge V 522, AVI 10, C VII 167. [OE cruc] croune v. 1. pr.t.lsg. ceremonially invest w. kingship fig. A II 62; pa.t.pl. VIII 108, A IX 98, C X 101; imp.pl. XIX/ XXI 256; pp. VIII 101, XIX/XXI 41, A IX 91; wearing a crown XVIII 371, C III

319, XX 413. 2. pr.t.3sg. confers the tonsure, admits to holy orders XI 313, C XIII 125. [AF coroner] crow see CROWNE. crowne, croune, corone, coroune n. 1. diadem II 10, A II 10, C II 11; diadem symbolizing kingship, royal crown IV 83, XIX/XXI 49, A IV 121, C IV 79, XX 273; by synec. national sovereignty XVIII 109. 2. top of the head XV 229, XX/XXII 184, C XVI 354; pi. C V 177; hair on the top of (his) head XI 36, C XI 195. 3. clerical tonsure XI 299, XV 352, C XIII 113; pi. brode- tonsures XIII 242; crow ~ skull of a crow? C XV 161. 4. the imprint on the coin XV 543, C XVII 205. [AF corune, coroune] crownynge ger. the tonsure Pr 88, C Pr 86. cruddes, croddes n. pi curds VI 282, A VII 266, C VIII 320. [? cp. OE *crudan] cruwel adj. fierce, cruelly painful XIII 390. [A? cruel] culorum n. application, gist III 280, A III 258, C XI 246. [L: cp. saeculorum] cultour, cultir, coltur, kultour n. coulter, blade at front of ploughshare III 308, A VII 96, C III 461. [OE culter, AF cultre] cuppemele, coppemele adv. by the cup V 223, A V 139, C VI 231. [OE cuppe + mail] curatourw. 1. parish priest XIX/XXI 410, 451; pi. XIII 13, C XVII 280; priest w. cure of souls XX/XXII 326; pi. I 195, A I 169, C XVI 275. 2. pi. spiritual guardian C XVII 290; pi. XIX/XXI 222. 3. pi. caretakers XV 136, XX/XXII 282. [AF] cure n. 1. pastoral spiritual responsibility Pr 88, XX/XXII 237, C Pr 86; ~ of soules XX/XXII 233. 2. a benefice XI 302. [AF] curen v. exercise spiritual care XX/XXII 326, C XIV 70. [AFcurer] curious adj. of expensive manufacture XIX/XXI 287. [AF] curseb, corsep v. 1. pr.t.Ssg. curses, wishes evil upon VI 317, A VII 298, C VIII 337; prp. C VI 64; pp. X 472; pr.t.Bsg. utters a curse XVII 331, C XIX 311. 2. pa.t.pl. condemned XX/XXII 68. 3. pp. as adj. reviled XX 263; excommunicated III 142, A III 131, C III 180; accursed, execrable IX 141, XVIII 48

curseb - dauncelid

Glossary

daily XV 281, C X 23; a ~ one day's walk IX 1, A X 1, C X 128; the following morning VI 308, A VII 292, C VIII 330; sg.pl. ~ wibouten ende eternally XVII 273, C II 109; a fyue ~ or sixe for a good while XV 320. [OE d<eg] dale n. abyss Pr 15, A l l , C Pr 17; pi. valleys C X 230. [OE pi. d<el] damaske n. Damascus XV 494, C VII 173. dame, damme n. 1. as conventional or respectful form of address Mistress, Madame V 158, VI 78, A XI 1, C XI 1. 2. mother V 37, A VII 71, C VII 137; fig. C II 123. [AF] damyselle n. 1. maid in waiting 1X12, A X 12, C X 139; pi. XI 12. 2. pi. young gentlewomen XVIII 424, C XX 467. [AF dameisele] dampnacion n. consignment to eternal punishment in hell XII 87. [AF] dampnep v. 1. pr.t.Bsg. sentences XVIII 385, C XX 427; pp. XI 142, C XII 77. 2. pr.t.Ssg. finds guilty, condemns XII 91, C IX 158; pa.t.pl. XV 550, C XVII 213; pp. C XIX 243. 3. pa.t.3sg. consigned to hell, damned C XX 308; imp.sg. V 470, A V 244, C VI 324; pp. 11103, X435, C VII 146. [AF dampner] danielrt. 1. the prophet VII 158, A VIII 138, C IX 306. 2. type name for a gambler VI 71, C VIII 72. dar v. pr.t.lsg. have the courage, venture, dare II 34, IV 52, A VII 252, C IV 50; 3sg. XIV 109, A VI 81, C IX 262; pi Pr 152, CIII 214; pa.t.lsg. VIII 123, A IX 113, C X 119; 3sg. C VIII 202; pi. II 237, A II 196, C XX 448; pa.subj.sg. Pr 178, III 202, V90, A III 189, C III 236, 1X258; pi. XIII 110; pr.t.lsg. in aposiopesis Pr 38, 210, A Pr 38, C XVII 69, 211. [OEdurran] darstow v. pr.t.lsg. w.fut. force you need XIV 57; impers. ~ pe C XV 256. [OE ]>earfan infl. by durran] date n. point in time: ~ of our dri3te year of our Lord XIII 268; parodic II 113, A II 77, C I I I 17. [AF] daubynge ger. plastering C VIII 198. [AF dauber} daunce, daunse v. dance XVIII 180, C XX 183. [AF] dauncelid pp. made much of, fussed over

96, A X 178, C X 213; w. a curse upon it IX 139, A X 170, C X 227; sinful XIX/XXI403, 432; wicked, evil VI 160, XIX/XXI 467, C XIX 257; unlucky, illstarred A X 146, C III 106; in a state of mortal sin IX 123, A X 140; comp. more unfortunate, distressed XIX/XXI 417. [OE cursian] curteis, corteys adj. civil, courteous IV 17, A IV 105, C IV 17; gentle XIII 458, C VIII 47; benevolent XIII 15, C XIV 160; liberal XV 104, A III 59, C XVI 257. [AF] curteisie, cortesie n. manners V 89, X 316; gracious behaviour C X 264; expressions of good manners, civility XV 303; generous nature XX/XXII 106; generosity XV 557, C III 315; generous behaviour V 430, C VII 43; generous gift C XIV 216; divine benevolence, loving kindness I 20, XII 77, XIV 147, A I 20, CI20, XIX 211. [AF] curteisly, corteisliche, cortesliche adv. courteously, politely VI 164, XIII 112, A VII 149, C XV 192; graciously III 104, X234, CIV 42, 152; benevolently XIX/XXI 176; respectfully III 9, A III 9, C II 167, IV 152. [fr. adj.] curuen see KERUE; custe see KISSEN. custume, costumes n. grammatical usage C III 374; pi. habitual practices C III 207; mode of conduct, habitual behaviour C IX 18; recurrent natural phenomena C XIV 73; customary procedures XII 97. [AF]

D daf(fe) n. dolt, fool I 140, A I 129, C X 178. [cp. OEdtefte] daggen v. trim w. slashed edges XX/XXII 143. [cp. AF dage, dagger] day n. the natural day as a measure of time VIII 27, XVIII 42, A Pr 103, VII 135; pi. I 121, A III 135, C VI 161; the waking part of the 24 hours, daytime II 94, C XIII 190; daylight, daybreak V 451, AV223, C VII 65; the light of day XVIII 60, C I 114; pe ~ sterre Lucifer A VI 80; a particular day IV 178, XV 560, C XIII 126; appointed day V 242; pi. term of life XIII 171, A III 140, C XX 53; time, era I 98, A I 96, C I 102; in phr. by bis ~ this very day C VII 9; eche ~ unremittingly III 312; ~ by ~ 49

dauncelid - deep

Glossary

A XI 30. [AF danceler] daunger n. 1. control, possession XVI 263, C XVIII 279. 2. peril, danger, risk XII 206, C XIV 145. [AF] daunsynge ger. performing a dance C X 179. dauntenv. 1. subdue, defeat III 288, A III 264, C III 441. 2. pa.t.Ssg. tamed XV 401; pp. favoured, made a pet of X 38. [CF daunter] dauid n. David king of Israel 198, A I 96, C XI 263; as author of the Psalms II 36, C II 39; by meton. the Psalter III 312; as the Good King of the apocalyptic regeneration III 288, A III 264, C III 441. dawe n. Daw, man's nickname (for David) V313, AV163, C VI 369. dawe v. dawn fig. XVIII 181, C XX 184; pa.t.Ssg. XVIII 424, C XX 467. [OE dagian] debat(e), debaat n. strife, contention V 330, XIX 251, A V 1 7 9 , C VI 388; atsquabbling C VI 123; violence V 99; war XV 428. [AF] deceite, deseite n. dishonesty, deceitfulness XVIII 333, C II 131; deception C Pr 77; pi. wicked schemes X 19, A XI 19. [AF] deceyue v. deceive, mislead Pr 79, A XI 164, CXVII 184; pa.tJsg. C XVIII 122; betray XVI 156, C I 40. [AF deceivre] declare v. adjudicate C II 151; be sobe to ~ make judicial decisions XIV 288, C XVI 123; pr.tJsg. interprets C IX 49. [AF declarer} declynede v. pa.t.pl. interpreted the grammar A IV 133. [AF decliner} decourreb (recte decorreb) v. imp.pl. scrape, shave clean XIV 194. [L. decoriare} decrees, decres n. canon law XV 380, C XVII 114. SeeDEGRE(E). [AF] decretals n. the book of papal decrees V 421. [AF] decretistre n. expert in the decretals, practitioner of canon law C XV 84. [CF] ded, deeda^. dead VI 180, XVIII 62, A VII 170, C XII 77; lifeless, spiritually dead I 187, A I 161, C I 183; dormant C XII 185; as n. XVIII 95, C XX 98; the deceased XX/XXII 293; pi. (the) dead VII 193, A VIII 171, CIX21. [OE dead] ded pp. killed III 193, A III 180, C XIII

57. [OE*dedan] dederc. 1. action, deed 131, III 263, A IV 54, CIII 471, VII 150; pi. Pr 152, A V 252, C III 416; fig. feats of arms, exploits V 500, XIX/XXI 133, C VII 140. 2. daily task, day's work Pr 224, A Pr 102, C III 304; pi. C Pr 228; job XIX/XXI 329, C V 9 . 3. actual conduct, behaviour V 43, XIII 133, A IV 108, X 121; phr. in ~ in the event, actually VII 163, A VIII 141. 4. charter, (legal) deed II 113, XVIII 187, A II 77, C XX 192; pi. documents A XII 87; promissory notes V242. [OE ded\ dedeynus adj. given to contemptuous or scornful conduct C X 81. [AF dedeignus] de(e)dly, deddly adj. of sin that deprives the soul of its state of grace mortal I 144, XI 102, A V 20, IX 40, C VI 276, IX 239; fig. ~ synne a state of mortal sin XIII 405; fig. the consequences of the Fall XV 541, C XVII 203; ~ deeb eternal damnation X 243. [OE deadlic] dedly adv. mortally V 116, A X 156; of sinning VII 184, A VIII 162, C IX 330. [fr. adj.] deel n. part XV 488. [OE dtel\ deen n. head of a cathedral chapter of canons, dean XIII 65; pi. officials w. jurisdiction over subdivisions of an archdeaconry II 173, APr92, II 137. [AF] deep, dep(e) adj. deep Pr 15, A Pr 16, C XX 64; fig. profound C XX 405. [OE deop] deere adj. 1. possessively (our) beloved Pr210, V451, A I 85, V 223, CPr221; precious, beloved VI 97, A VII 89, C II 33; in address C VIII 91; as n. my ~ dear friend VI 254, A VII 238. 2. expensive XIV 75; expensive to live in VI 161, C VIII 158; ~ 3eres years of scarcity C X 198; superl. derrest highest II13. [OE deore] deere adv. expensively, at great cost, dearly 1X66, XII 42, A VII 73, C XIX 269; as ... ~ likep as best pleases ... VI 291, A VI 80, C VIII 314. [fr. adj.] deesn. dice VI 71, C VIII 72. [AF] deeb, deb n. 1. end of life, death X 429, XIV 58, C VIII 187, IX 17; pers. A VI 81, C XV 304; as a punishment III 307, XVIII 71, C III 460; ironically hyperbolic XV 414; violent death XI 268, C XII 153; pers. the plague VI 329,

50

deep - delen

Glossary

1X64. [AFdefrauder] degre(e) n. 1. place in society C V 62; level of study for a degree XV 377, C XVII 112; stage of virtuous living X 137, A XI 90; pi. fig. C XVIII 56. 2. edict (rectedecre) 1X148, A XI 241. [AF] deye, dey, dei3e, di3e(n), dye v. cease to live, die I 144, II 214, III 263, A IV 5, VII 258, C I 143, VII 9; pr.t.Ssg. XIV 131, 135, CXVI 4; pi. X 302, A XI 208, C V 149; pa.t.lsg. XVIII 366, C XX 404; 2sg. V 464, A V 236, C VII 129; 3sg. VIII 59, A IX 50, C III 401; pi. XV 520, C V 40; pr.subj.sg. VI 98, A VII 90, C IX 239; pi. VI 120, A VIII 37, C VIII 127; of Christ experience death 1167, A I 141, C I 163; enter the afterlife, face divine judgement C X 60; pr.t.3sg. XII 289, C XIX 207; pi XII 87, C Pr 102; pa.t.3sg. was ex-tinguished C VI 336; lay dormant C XII 182. [cp. OI deyja] deying(e) ger. time, moment of death VII 35, C XVII 144, XX 79; death XV 526, C XVII 276; deep- living death XI 177; pleonastic XIII 425, C VII 110. deynep v. pr.t.Ssg. sees fit X 79, C XI 59; pi condescend VI 308, A VII 292, C VIII 330. [AFdeigner] deynous adj. haughty, arrogant VIII 84, A 1X75, CXVI 228. [AF dedeignus] deyntee n. delight, pleasure XI 48, C XI 311; pi. delicacies C XV 90; in- luxuriously XIV 123, C XV 299. [AF deintee] deys, deyes, dees n. raised platform, dais VII 17, A VIII 19; bymeton. high table X57, A XI 43, CXI 38. [AF dels] deite(e)«. Godhead X 57, A XI 43, CXI 38. [AF] delen, deele v. 1. distribute, share out XIX/XXI 215; intr. VI 97, A VII 89, C VIII 106. 2. give away XI 277, C XIII 96; pr.t.3sg. X 87, C XI 67; pi. X 28; intr. give alms I 199, XVII 255, A XI 243, C XI 69; fig. of God bestow pr.t.lsg. I 201, A I 175, C I 196. 3. have to do w. VI 75, A VII 67, C VIII 77; pr.t.lsg. V 246; pi. XVII 262, C XIX 228; imp.sg. X 219, A XI 162; pr.t.3.sg. wij) moneye ~ is in business for profit XIX/XXI 349; of sexual relation pr.t.pl. VII 91, A VIII 73, C IX 168;

XX/XXII 89, C VII 350. 2. the act or moment of dying V 489, XVIII 134, C XV 282, XVI 313; of Christ's death on the cross XVIII 158, C XX 144(2); pers. the Fall XVIII 141(1), C XX 144(1). 3. mortality as a consequence of original sin fig. XVIII 364, C XX 402; pers. XVI 165, C XX 162. 4. damnation to eternal punishment, perdition X 243, C XI 249; pers. XV 541, XVIII 29, C X X 3 1 . [OE deap}

def, Aeefadj. deaf X 79, 135, A XI 88, C XI 59; pi. as n. XIX/XXI 130. [OE deaf] defame v. pr.t. pi. find fault w., criticize A XI 64; pr.subj.pl. Pr 190. [AF diffamer w. force of defamer] defaute n. 1. lack, deficiency V 6, VI 206, A VII 192, C X 202; dearth XIV 71, C XV 270; famine VII 168, A VIII 145, C IX 3 12; hunger XIV 114, C XV 290; starvation C VIII 351, IX 100; need, hardship 1X84, X 367, C VII 306, VIII 145. 2. moral defect, flaw XV 347, C XVII 90; pi. XI 393, XII 95; fault, offence X 283, C XII 37; withoute ~ blameless, innocent C XIV 16; error XI 308, C XII 122; in ~ failing in pastoral care V 146; failing in your duty II 140, A II 104, C H I 56. [AF] defence AI. prohibition XVIII 195, C XX 200. [AF] defende(n) v. 1 . defend, protect XVI 246, XIX/XXI 467, A VII 80, C VIII 34, XVII 289; pr.Usg. C XVI 135; pi. C IX 9; pa.t.Ssg. XIX/XXI 46; pr.subj.sg. XIX/XXI 477, C XIX 270; pi. C XVI 36; abs. pr.t.pi XX/XXII 257. 2. forbid XV 19, CXVI 170; pr.t.lsg. A VIII 40; 3sg. Ill 64, A VI 81, C XX 110; pa.t.3sg. A VII 168; pp. C XIV 6. [AF defender] defyed v.(l) pa.t. 3 sg. scorned, denounced XX/XXII 66. [AFdefier] defyen v.(2) digest Pr 230, V 122, A Pr 108, C XVI 226; abs. pr.t.3sg. be digested V 382, A V 210, C VI 439. [AF defire] defoulen, diffoule v. 1. spoil C VIII 31; make dirty, soil XIV 24; fig. pr.t. 3 sg. treat contemptuously C III 192, pi. A XI 60. 2. pa. t. pi. mortified, castigated XV 534, C XVII 195. [AFdefoler] defraudeb v. pa.t.3sg. wrongfully deprives, defrauds VII 68, A VIII 70, C 51

delen - derne

Glossary

C XII 80. dene, dyn n. noise and commotion XVIII 62, CXX64, 126. [OE dyne] denyede v. pa.t.Bsg. refused, rejected C XI 262. [AF denier] denote n. woman's nickname (for Denise) VI 71, C VIII 72. dentiefliche adv. gluttonously C VIII 322. [fr. deintifadj] departable adj. distinct, distinguishable XVII 19, 129, C XVIII 187. [AF] departen v. 1. part company C XVII 147. 2. break up, be dissolved XX/XXII 139. 3. pp. divided VII 162, A VIII 140. [AF departir] depe adv. deeply XIV 6, C XI 296; deep I 125, A I 114, C XIV 149; heavily, a great quantity V 184, C IX 145; comp. more profoundly X 187, XV 199, A XI 139, CXI 128. [OEdeope] depose v. unseat, put down XV 552, C XVII 215. [AF deposer] depraue v. vilify, denigrate III 179, A III 166, C III 225; pr.t.pl V 145. [AF depraver] derely v. expensively, handsomely XIX/ XXI 2. [OEdeorlice] dere(n), deere, derie v. 1. injure, do harm to VII 35, XIV 171, A VIII 37, C XX 297. 2. cause to fear, frighten VII 51, A VIII 53, C XIX 20. [OEderian] dereworpe adj. precious, valuable I 87, A I 85, C I 83; prized for efficacy C VI 89; beloved C XIII 18. [OE deorwyrfe] derfly adv. without mercy C III 416. [prob. OSc *derf-] derk adj. dismal, gloomy Pr 16, A Pr 16, C I 55; dark C XX 62; without light, darkened XVIII 60, C XX 60; wicked XIX/XXI 21; comp. more obscure X 187, AXI 139, CXI 128. [OEdeorc] derke n. darkness, the night XI 268, C XIII 57. [fr. adj.] derkliche adv. obscurely X 378. [OE deorclice] derknesse n. 1. the dark XVII 237, C XIX 203; darkness (of a solar eclipse) XVIII 65, C XX 126; the darkness of limbo V493, XVI 251. 2. gloom, despondency XVI 85, C XVIII 116. [OE deorcness] derling n. favourite A XII 19. [OE deorling] derne adj. secret 11176, C III 292; private

pr.t.2sg. do C III 76; 3sg. A III 56. [OE dtelan] delicata^. luxurious C VIII 277. [L] delicatly adv. w. relish (of good food and wine) VI84, 374, C XVI 91. [L] delynge ger. in phr. penyes ~ almsgiving XIX/XXI 376. delit v. in phr. ~ in enjoy, take pleasure in X 367; re/I. pa.t.3sg. indulged himself I 29, A I 29. [AFdeliter] delitable adj. delicious I 34, A I 32, C I 32. [AF] delites n. gratifications A II 65. [AF] deliuere v. set free, liberate XVI 266, C XVIII 282; pr.t.3sg. XV 346; pa.t.Bsg. restored to C XIII 14; pp. delivered C XIII 41. [AF deliverer] deluuye/7. flood, calamitous end X417, C XI 249. [AFdeluvie] delue(n)v. 1. dig XIX/XXI 362; pa.t. pi. shovelled VI 190, A VII 176; intr. XIX/ XXI 364; in phr. diken or ~ work w. a spade, do manual labour VI 141, A XI 187; pp. V 545, A VI 33. 2. pp. buried VI 180, AVII 170. [OEdelfan] delueres, deluares n. in phr. dykeres and ~ manual labourers Pr 224, A VII 99, C Pr 228, VIII 114; sg. dawe pe ~ type name for a labourer C VIII 351. [OE delfere] deluyngeger. manual labour C VIII 198. demen v. 1. pass judgement on IV 178, XIX/XXI 174, C IX 21; pr.t.lsg. find fault w. V I 1 5 , A V 9 5 ; imp.sg. VI 81, A VII 73, C VIII 83. 2. judge adversely, condemn, XV 552; pp. IV 181, C VI 20; be critical of C XVI 228. 3. intr. sit in judgement, act as judge XIX/XXI 305; pa.t.Bsg. X 387, A XI 268, C XI 213; pp. sentenced III 307, C III 460; interpreted and enforced C IV 175. 4. intr. pr.t.lsg. decide, decree XIII 171; pi hold manor court Pr 96, C Pr 94; pa.t.Bsg. directed C X 102. 5. determine I 86, XIII 157, A I 84, C XX 36; pr.t.lsg. ~ domes exercise judgement XV 27, C XVI 187. 6. pr.t.Bsg. considers XIII 128; pa.t.Bsg. VII 175, A VIII 153, C IX 320. 7. express favourable judgement XIII 305; pr.t.lsg. maintain, argue III 188, A III 175; imp.sg. believe, think VI 180. [OE deman] demynge ger. administering and enforcing

52

derne - deuyne

Glossary

pr.t.Bsg. V 149, C VI 122; pr.t.lsg. speak blasphemously of XIII 336, C VI 80. [AF despiser] despoilen v. pr.t. pi. rob C XIII 58. [AF despoiller] dessallouwynge see DISALOWYNG. destynee n. divine providence VI 274, A VII 258, C VIII 295. [AF destinee] destreris n. cavalry mounts, chargers A II 137. [AF] destruye, destroye, distruye v. 1. ruin, bring to destruction VI 28, XVI 40, A VII 30, C III 207; pr.t.pl. A VII 124; pr.subj.sg. destroy, demolish III 271; pr.t.pl. consume, bring to nothing Pr 22, A Pr 22, C Pr 24; spoil Pr 198, C Pr 216. 2. murder XVII 219, 287, C XIX 268; pr.t.pl. XVII 279, C XIX 260; fig. pr.t.Bsg. C XIX 278. 3. put an end to, abolish X 335, XVIII 236, C IX 17, XVI 174; pr.t.Bsg. A X 76; pa.t.Bsg. XVI 165; fig. blights C XIV 22; cure XIII 249, C XV 218; counteract II 14, XIX/XXI 311; pr.t.Bsg. XVIII 156, C XX 159; pr.subj.sg. XVIII 347. [AF destruier] dette n. 1. something owed, financial obligation, debt C III 305; pi. VI 98, XIII 10, A VII 90, C XIII 38; the moral obligation to restore ill-gotten gains V 229, XIX/XXI 190, XX/XXII 321; debt of punishment incurred for failure to restore these C VI 299; delinquency of priestly duties C IX 274. 2. pi. his ~ what is owed to him Pr 93, C Pr 91. [AF] deue see DBF. deuel, deuil n. 1. Satan, the Devil I 28, A II 65, C II 117. 2. malignant spirit, devil VII 35, A VIII 53, C XV 257; pi. XVIII 282, C XX 340. [OE deofol] deuyn n. sacred learning, divinity A Pr 90. [AF devin] deuyne v. 1. pr.t.pl. foretell XV 604, C XVII 312; intr. pa.t.Bsg. prophesied VII 163, XV 599, A VIII 141; pi. XIX/XXI 148. 2. pa.t.Bsg. interpreted VII 158, A VIII 136, C IX 306; imp.pl. explain Pr 210, C P r 2 2 1 . 3. intr. theorize XIX/ XXI 240; pr.Usg. C XI 128; pa.t.lsg. X 187, A XI 139. 4. pronounce a theological opinion XIII 90, C XV 97. 5. pa.t.pl. devised, contrived C X 100; pa.t. 3sg. schemed CXI 263. [AF dev iner]

XIII 55; intimate 1X192, A X 205, CX 292; illicit C XIII 155. [OE] derne adv. secretly XI 352. [OE] dernely adv. secretly C XIII 163. [ME] derpe n. time of scarcity, famine XIV 171, C XVI 313; pers. VI 329, C VIII 350. [prob. OE] desauowe v. annul C III 320. [AF de~ savower] descendeth v. pr.t.3sg. comes down to earth C XVII 247. [AF descendre] deschargen v. 1. unburden by dispossessing XV 566, C XVII 231. 2. pp. released from suits against them IV 29, A IV 26. [CF descharger] desert n. recompense C III 292. [AF deserte] deserue, diserue, discerue v. 1. merit, be worthy of VI 42, A VII 41, C VIII 40; deserve C VIII 203; pr.t.Bsg. A XII 92, C XIV 214; pi. C V 32; pp. XIV 138, C III 302; deserved in punishment IV 178, A V 239, C IV 172; in phr. ~ hadde bettre were of greater merit XII 197, C XIV 136. 2. earn XIV 314, C II 137, III 295; pr.subj.sg. XIV 135, C XVI 4; pp. VI 217, A VII 203, C II 136, XVI 148. [AF deservir] desire v. 1. wish, want XIV 188; pr.t.Bsg. I 184, A I 158, C I 180; pi. IX 107, A X 125; pr.subj.sg. A XII 45; pr.t.Bsg. yearn for A X 47; pi. XV 469. 2. pr.t. 3pl. covet III 99, 246, 252; abs. pr.t.pl. request XX/XXII 322. [CF desirer] desiryng ger. craving, inclination XIII 355. despeyre v. drive, induce to despair C IX 38. [AF desperer] despende, despene v. 1. pr.subj.sg. put to use XII 56, C XIV 18; imp.sg. C VIII 234; pp. XIV 103, C XII 235. 2. pa.t. 3sg. heedlessly wasted XII 48; pi. misspent X 330; pp. V 264. [AF despendre] desperacion, disparacion n. loss of hope of grace and salvation XVII 313, C XIX 293. [CF] despise, despice, dispice v. 1. be contemptuous of II 80, C XIV 64; pa.t.pi. C IX 191; have no respect for XV 569, C VII 118; pa.t.pl. XIX/XXI 34. 2. pr.t.Bsg. expresses contempt (for) XV 54, C XVI 216; intr.paJ.3sg. spoke contemptuously XVIII 41, C XX 40. 3. abuse, revile XVIII 92, C XX 95; 53

deuyse - discryue

Glossary

deuyse, dyuyse v. 1. consider, give careful thought to XIX/XXI 278. 2. contrive, invent C VIII 200; pa.t.3sg. designed XIX/XXI 329. 3. characterize, classify XVI 66. 4. prescribe, assign V 547, C VII 191. [AF deviser, diviser] deuoir, deuer n. duty (as priest or religious teacher) XI 286, XIII 212, C XVII 122; fig. A XII 2; spiritual duty as Christians XIV 153; due task XIV 136, C XVI 5; fig. function C XVII 93. [CF devoir, AF dever] deuors n. dissolution of marriage by annulment for invalidity XX/XXII 139; pi. II 176. [AFdevors] deuouren v. pr.t. pi. consume, devour C VIII 139, XVI 282; fig. C II 143. [AF devorer] deuouteliche adv. w. true devotion C XVII 245. [ME fr. AF devout] deuoutours n. as adj. adulterers fig. C II 187. [cp. M E avoutour] deuoutrye n. adultery II 176. [cp. avoutrie] dew(e) adj. in phr. as ~ justly, deservedly V613, A VI 99, C VII 265; what must be paid, due C III 305. [AF dew] dewes n. dewdrops XV 294, C XVII 21. [OE deaw] dewid see DOUWE. diademed/?/?, crowned king III 288, A III 264, CIII441. [cp. AF diademe n.] diamaundes/?. diamonds II 13. [AF] diapenidion, dyapendyon n. medical confection of sugar candy V 124, A V 101. [AF] dyas, dyaes n. pharmacists' remedies XX/ XXII 174. [cp.prec.] dych, dyk, dykke n. 1. ditch XI 427, XX/ XXII 19, C XIII 234. 2. moat XIX/XXI 362; pi. Pr 16, A Pr 16. [OE die, MDu dyk] dido n. poet's fabrication, baseless statement XIII 172, C XV 170. [L] dye see DEYE. diete, dJ3ete v. refl. pr.subj.sg. regulate your diet VI 268, A VII 252, C VIII 289. [AF dieter] diggep v. pr.t.pi dig A VII 99; pa.t. pi. VI 107, C VIII114. [? AF *diguer] di3tev. 1. prepare VI 291, A VII 275, C VIII 314; imp.sg. saddle and caparison A II 137; pp. dressed XIX/XXI 2. 3. pa.t.3sg. copulated w. C I 27. [OE

dihtan] digneliche adv. w. fitting respect, suitably VII 177, A VIII155. [ME: cp. AF digne] dignites n. pi. honours and responsibilities of high office APr92. [AF] dikares see DYKERE. diken v. in phr. ~ or deluen work w. a spade VI 141, A XI 187; pp. V 545, A VI 33. [MEfr.n.] dykere n. one who digs ditches; in phr. Dawe pe ~ a manual labourer V313, A V 163, C VI 369; pi. ~ and delueres manual labourers Pr224, A VII 99, C Pr 228. [OEdicere] dym, demme adj. dark, threatening III 193, A III 180; dismal XVIII 319, C XX 362. [OEdim] dymes pi. tithes XV 564, C XVII 227. [AF dime] dymme, demme adv. in phr. loke ~ have poor eyesight X 184, A XI 136, C XI 125. [fr. adj.] dymmed v. pa.t.pl. failed to focus V 349, AV197, C VI407. [OE dimmian] dyne v. have dinner, dine V 389, XIII 23, C XV 26; pp. VI 279, A VII 263, C VIII 301; eat, take food Pr227, V 74, A Pr 105, CPr231; pr.t.lsg. A V 72; 3sg. XIV 135, C XVI 4; imp.pl. fig. XIX/XXI 383; trans, eat VI 308, A VII 292, C VIII 330; pr. subj. sg. VI 260, A VII 244, C VIII 276. [AY diner] dyner n. the main meal, dinner IV 38, A VII 275, CXV31. [AF diner] dyngen v. beat, strike X 335; beat w. a flail VI 141; fig. Ill 312; pr.subj.sg. knock XV 19, C XVI 170. [OE*dingan: cp. dengan] dynt, dent n. blow of a weapon XVIII 26, C XX 25; fig. A XII 104; pi. XX/XXII 105, C VIII 187. [OEdynt] dirige n. matins of the Office for the Dead CIII464, V46. [L] disalowed pp. refused further credit XIV 131. [AF desalower] disalowyng, dessallouwynge ger. refusal of credit XIV 139, C XVI 7. disciple n. follower, disciple C XVIII 165; pi. XIII 429, A XI 295, C IX 118. [AF] discomfit(ed), disconfit pp. defeated C Pr 108. [AF descomfiter] discrete adj. prudent, sensible C V 84. [AF discret] discryue, descryue, descreue v. give an 54

discryue - domesday

Glossary

[AF divinite] diuinour, deuinour n. 1. expert, authority VII 141; expounder X 458, A XI 302; theologian C XV 84; pi. XIII 115, C XV 122. 2. pi. soothsayers XII 130. [AF divinour] dobest n. the highest grade of spiritual development expressed in conduct, fulfilled spirituality fig. VIII 78, 126, IX 206, A X 121, 127, C X 100, 122, 305; pers. VIII 96, A IX 117, C X 99, 102. [ME] dobet n. the middle grade of spiritual development expressed in conduct, an advanced stage of spirituality fig. VIII 78, 1X204, XIII 128, A X 85, 118, C XI 93, XV 122; pers. as a man VIII 85, XIV 19, A IX 76, XI 199, C X 82, 103; as a girl IX 12, A X 12, C X 139. [as above] doctour n. 1. authoritative teacher X 458, A XI 302, CXI 93, 133; pi. C Pr 59. 2. pi. clerics holding a doctorate Pr 87, XV 243, C Pr 85, XVII 114. 3. expert or learned theologian XIII 61, C XV 69; in address sire ~ XIII 103, C XV 121; sarcastic A II 73. 4. pi. early Church fathers distinguished for learning and sanctity XIX/XXI 315; pe foure ~ Ambrose, Augustine, Gregory and Jerome IX 75. 5. physician XVIII 364, XX/XXII 177, C XX 402. [AFandL] doctrine n. teaching C XI 223; in phr. of Pauiynes ~ schooled in the consistory court of St Paul's II 109. [AF] doelrc. 1. pain (of hunger) VI 120, A VII 112, C VIII 127. 2. in phr. make ~ lament, grieve V 379, A V 207; complain XVII 342, C XIX 322; pr.t. pi. mourn XV 146; w. ~ miserably, in distress C XX 304. [AF] dogge n. cur V 119; sheepdog C IX 262. [OE docga] doghtiliche adv. mightily XVIII 37, C XX 36. [ME fr. LOE dohtig] doyngeger. action XIX/XXI 430, C VIII 91; pi. XV 477; act, deed C III 292; pi. ministrations XIX/XXI 130. doke n. duck V 74, A V 57, C VI 174. [OE duce] doles n. alms, charitable gifts III 71, A III 62. [OEdal] dolful adj. painful XV 522. [ME] domesday n. the day of the last judgement

account of, describe V 78, A V 107, C XX 213; pr.t.pl XVI 53. [AF discrire, descrire] discryued, descreued recte discried v. pp. proclaimed, announced the presence (of sbody) at a tournament XX/XXII 94. [CF descrier confused w. prec.] disgised recte degised pp. elaborately dressed, decked out Pr 24, A Pr 24. [AF desguiser (for deguiser)] dysmas n. the penitent thief V 465, A V 237, C VI 319. disours, dysors n. pi. minstrels VI 54, A XI 30, C VIII 52; gen.sg as adju. entertainer's XIII 172, C XV 170. [cp. AF disour] dispair n. loss of hope of divine grace and salvation XX/XXII 164. [AF despair] dispit« defiance C VIII 184. [AF despit] displese, desplese v. anger C VIII 84; pa.t.3sg. offended XIV 328; refl. pr.subj.sg. be vexed, annoyed XIII 136. [AF desplesir] disputen, despute v. 1. argue, debate VIII 20, A IX 16, C X 2 0 ; debate C XII 51; trans, maintain by scholastic argument X 255, C XI 156; pr.t.pl. propose, maintain X 133; argue contentiously C VI 122; squabble C VI 137. 2. engage in discussion XI 320; prp. VIII 118, A IX 108, C X 114. 3. dispute the truth of, question CXI 34. [AFdesputer] dissh n. platter C X 179; fig. dish XIII 55; bowl C XX 405; pi. dishes XIII 82, CXV90. [OEdisc] dysshere n. woman who peddles dishes V 315, A V 1 6 5 , C VI 372. [fr. prec.] ditte v. shut VI 190, A VII 176. [OE dyttan] dyuen v. dive XII 162, C XIV 106; pa.t. 3 sg. XII 165; pi. C XIII 168. [OE dyftm] diuerse adj. 1. a variety of XII 135, C XIV 79; separate, different II 94, XII 67, C II 101. 2. threatening, dangerous XV 425; cruel, hostile Pr 152. [AF divers] diuerse adv. variously C XV 79. [fr. adj.] diuerseth v. pr.t.Ssg. differs C XVII 133. [AF diverser] Diues n. Dives, the rich man of the parable (Luke 16.19-31) XIV 123, C VIII 277. diuide, deuyde v. apportion XIX/XXI215; abs. compute, calculate arithmetically XIX/XXI 240. [AF divider and L] diuiniterc. theology VII 141, C XVII 114. 55

domesday - doon V 20, A V 244, C IX 21.

Glossary [OE domes

XII 11; 3sg. X 429, A XI 288, C IV 41; pi. VII 206, A VIII 184, C IX 342; pr.subj.sg. XIV 26, C XI 145; pi. X 364, C XIV 69; pa.subj.pl. IX 83, A IX 92, CX188; imp.sg. Ill 109, A VIII 99, C VIII 91; inpers. ~ yuele VIII 17, A IX 19, C X 17. 4. achieve, accomplish XVIII 32, A III 134, C X 306; pr.t.Ssg. XVII 276, C XIX 257; pa.t.3sg. XI 154, C XII 89; pp. V 500, XIX/XXI 182, C VII 140; done C III 304, XVI 5; past XVIII 101, CXV69, XX 104; ended V 411, XVIII 101, C XX 111. 5. get along, fare I 34, A I 32. 6. in caus. use make (sbody do sthing) III 317, XIII 169, A V 76, C VII 5, XIV 23; pr.t.Ssg. Ill 136, IX 67, A III 125, C XI 159, XVI 91; pi. VI 274, X 42, A VII 258, C VI 155, XIX 301; pa.t.lsg. Ill 200, A III 187; 3sg. 199, XV 595, A I 97, C XVII 303; pi. V 540, A VI 28; imp.sg. XX/XXII316; pp. V97, XI 318, A V 77; refl. betake (oneself), go V 451, A V 223, C VII 65; pa.t.lsg. XIX/XXI 2; pr.subj.pl. 1X173, A X 194, C X 275; ~ hym to go leaves w. all haste II 214, A II 173, C II 224; imp.pl. ~ to witene inform VIII 13, A IX 13; pr.t.lsg. ~pe to vnderstande give you to know VI 54, A VII 49; pa.t.pl.refl. agreed VIII 100, A IX 90; w. active inf. cause (to be done) II 196, III 60, VI 85, A II 157, C III 34, 141; pa.t.lsg. V 242; 3sg. XIX/XXI 309; pr.subj.sg. Ill 307; of a change of condition causes XIV 84; ~ to depe kill XIX/XXI 141. 1. pp. placed, put IX 11, XV 264, A X 11, C X 138; applied XVIII 156, C XX 159; refl. made ... to ~ applied VI 110, A VII 102, C VIII 117; pr.t.lsg. ~ it on invoke for support I 86, A I 84, C I 82. 8. as substitute v. pr.t.lsg. XII 22, XIII 212, XX/XXII 223; 2sg. VI 81, A VII 73, C VIII 83; 3sg. V 538, XVII 223, A IX 43, C XI 297; pi. VI 64, A X 181, C VI 336; pa.t.lsg. V68, A V 5 1 , C VI 9; 3sg. V 37, A V 132, C Pr 123; pi. VII 127, C XVII 209; imp.sg. I 25, C XX 183; pr.subj.pl. C XIII 18, XVII 93; w. inf. as emph. aux. pr.t.Ssg. XVII 224, C XIX 190; pi. VII 183, A VIII 161, C IX 329; pa.t.3sg. XII 168; pr.subj.sg. XVIII 295. 9. in phr. ~ equite dispensed true justice XIX/XXI 308; ~ falsnesse deceive XV

dag}

domesman n. judge, magistrate XIX/XXI 305. [ME] domynyk n. Dominic, founder of the Friars Preachers XV421, CIV 117. dompynges n. dabchicks, Little Grebes C XIII 168. [fr. v.] done n. kind, sort (cp. 'what make?') XVIII 301. [pp. of doon v.] donet n. the elementary Latin grammar of Aelius Donatus: Jig. simpler tricks of the trade V207, AV123, C VI 215. [AF] donge, dung n. barnyard manure III 310, A IV 130, C VIII 184. [OE dung] dongehill n. manurepile, dunghill XV 111. [ME] dongeon n. castle, keep Pr 15, A I 57. [AF donjon] donghep n. manurepile, dunghill C XVI 266. [ME] doom, dom, doem n. 1. judgement, process or act of judging VII 196, XV 550, A VIII 174, C XII 89; pi. XI 145; court of law III 318; the last judgement VII 17, 193, A VIII 184, C IX 322; sentence at law XVIII 28, C XX 27; condemnation XVIII 385, C XX 427; decree XVIII 191, C XX 196. 2. pi. in phr. deme ~ make judicious decisions XV 27, C XVI 187. 3. perception, discernment C II 132. 4. order, command II 208, A II 169, C II 220. [OE dom] doon, do(n) v. 1. w. contextual sense do III 117, VI 196, VII 45, A V 7 1 , VI 80, C III 253, IV 38; infl. VI 203, C VIII 209; pr.tJsg. XVI 183, C IX 132, XIII 40; pi. XVI 183; pa.t.2sg. VII 196, A VIII 174; 3sg. XI 154, C XII 89; pi. XIV 196, C III 320; pr.subj.pl. XII 122, C XIV 65; imp.sg. VI 79, A VII 71, C VIII 81; pp. V 545, XI 39, A VI 33. 2. perform, carry out VI 196, XII 27, A X 205, C V 9 ; pr.t.lsg. V 548; 3sg. 189, A I 87, C I 85; pi. A IV 108; pa.t.lsg. C VI 53; 3sg. XIII 305; imp.pl. V 43; pp. Pr98, 1X15, A VI 33, C II 131, III 471. 3. behave, conduct (oneself), act IV 97, V 17, VI 230, A VIII 164, C Pr 109; pr.t.lsg. XV 27, A V 95, C XVI 187; 2sg. A X 88, C XIV 10; 3sg. IX 95, A 1X76, CXI 223; pi. V 115, A IX 104, C I 49; pa.t.lsg. V 470, A III 175, C 56

doon - drawe

Glossary

so ~ fig. into a state of confusion XX/XXII 54. [OEdune] dounes, doune n. pi. uplands, downs IX 142; sg. seynt Gyles ~ Saint Giles hill near Winchester C IV 51. [OE dun] doute n. 1. a state of uncertainty, perplexity VIII 69, A IX 60; apprehension, fear Pr 152, A X 82, XI 299, C XIV 69; in ~ at risk XIII 397, C VI 284; withouten ~ fearlessly C XVI 32; for a certainty XII 32. [AF] doute(n)v. 1. fear A X 40, C X 198; fig. pr.t.pl C X 127; re/7. pr.t.Bsg. C XX 312. 2. pr.t.pl. have doubts, are in confusion XV 72, C XVI 233. [AF douter] Douere n. Dover in Kent IV 131, A IV 114. douwe v. enfeoff C III 320; pa.t.3sg. endowed XV 557, C XVII 220; pp. A XI199, 201. [AF douwer] dowue, douue n. dove XV 401, C XVII 239. [OE*dufe] dowel n. righteous conduct, the concept of a virtuous life, the first grade of spiritual development expressed in conduct VII 174, 177, 186, A VIII 153, 1X69, C IX 320, X 110; pers. VII 177, 199, 205, A VIII 155, IX 2, C IX 345, X 128. [ME] downrighte adv. emph. outright, without appeal XVIII 193, C XX 198. [ME] dO3eyne, doseyn, dosayne num. dozen, twelve (as a measure) IV 38, A V 163, C VI 369. [AFduzeine] draf n. husks, chaff X l l , A XI 11, C XI 9; lees XIX/XXI 399. [OE draft draper n. dealer in woollen cloth, clothier V 252, C VI 250; pi. cloth manufacturers V 207, A V 123, C VI 215. [AF] drau3te n. drink, pull XX 223, C XXII 223. [cp. OE dragan] drawe v. 1. pull, haul II 180, A VII 272, C II 193; of drink draw XIX/XXI 399; pa.t.3sg. XIII 50; -along stretch V 208, A V 124, C VI 216. 2. derive C XVIII 228; pp. X 193, A XI 145, C XVIII 216. 3. bring, lead V 43, A IV 108, C VIII 52; pp. XVIII 136, C XX 139; of a table cleared C VIII 287; of a door shut A XII 36; gan ~ forp continued to lead XI 42, C XI 309; pp. ~ forp advanced, promoted X38, A XI 30; pr.subj.sg. fig. -on attract X 139, A XI 92. 4. refl. go

262; ~ indulgence remit the punishment of sin XX/XXII 321; ~ lawe judge and sentence III 294, A III 269, C III 447; ~ leaute behave w. equity XIV 146; dispense true justice C XII 92; ~ mercy be merciful V 479, C VII 121; ~ scape brings punishment upon XV 59; ~ trupe dispense true justice XI 159; behave honestly XIII 359; ~ ayein contravene VIII 102, A IX 92; -but w. inf. merely X l l , A XI 11, CXI 9; see almesdede, almesse, bienfait, boote, confort, dede, homage, ille, yuel, penaunce, synne, werk. 10. infl. infin. in pred. use to ~ requisite V 583, A VI 70, C VII 230; business to transact IV 28, A IV 25; hast (etc.} no3t to ~ is/are not concerned XI 377, XIII 290; litel to ~ no good ground X 317; longed no3t to ~ where it was unbecoming, unfitting XI 421. [OE don] dore n. door II 208, A VI 99, C VI 407; pi. IV 57, A IV 44, C IV 60; by meton. admission XV 19, C XVI 170. [OE dor} dorenail n. nail w. large head, studding nail 1187, A I 161, CI183. [ME] doted pp. witless I 140, A I 129, C I 139. [? OE: cp. MDu doten] double adj. twice as much XIV 153, XV 59; renewed, repeated, (a) second XIV 148, 156; -manere both kinds of II 13. [AF] doublefold adj. numerous VII 199, A VIII 177, C IX 345. [ME] doublers, dobelares n. platters XIII 82, C XV 90. [A? dubler] dorter, doubter, dO3ter n. daughter V 159, C III 369; pi. VI 14, A I 28, C I 27; fig. II 30, VI 79, A VII 71, X 12, C II 33, VIII 81; pi. C II 127. [OE dohtor] douhty adj. mighty C XI 263; comp. stronger, more powerful V 103, A V 83; super!, most valiant V 500, XIX/XXI 134; most authoritative X 458, A XI 302. [OEdohtig] doumb adj. mute X 293; speechless X 142, A XI 95; as n. the silent man C II 39, 41 (Ps. 14.3); pi. persons lacking the power of speech XIX/XXI 130. [OE dumb] doun adv. down: of independent motion I 4, A V 213, C I 4; of induced motion XVI 30, A I 93, C XVIII 110; of repose XIII 21; dryuep- reduces XIV 93; vp 57

drawe - drit

Glossary

C IX 145; pa.t.lsg. V 207, A V 123, C XX 114; turn, resort C XIII 100; pa.t.pl. C VIII 190; pr.t.pl. -to approach C IX 52; pa.t.Bsg. ~ nei3 XX/XXII 200; pa.t.Ssg. V 349, A V 197, C XV 282; re/1, pa.t.pl. gathered together w., joined XI 339, C XIII 147; imp.pl. ~ yow togideres assemble II 173; withdrew X 142, A XI 95. [OEdragan] drede(n) v. re/7, fear, be afraid IX 207, A X 216; w. refl. dat. pr.t.lsg. XVIII 286, C VII 85; pa.tJsg. XIV 107, C XV 282; pa.subj.sg. V 393, C VII 9; pa.t.3sg. ~ of C XVI 313; trans, or w. in/in, fear (to) X 294, XIV 58, C X 99; pr.t.Ssg. IX 95, C XII 153; pi. C IX 14; pa.t.lsg. XIII 405; 2sg. Ill 193, A III 180; pi. XX/XXII 65. 2. pr.t.pl. are concerned, anxious about XX/XXII 379; pa.t.lsg. XIII 387, C VI 276; refl. pr.t.lsg. am afraid, concerned 1X91, XIII 425, C IX 239; 3sg. XIII 412, C VII 72. 3. pr.t.pl. are in fear of, respect C VIII 159; imp.sg. I 34, A I 32, C I 32. 4. pp. as adj. afraid XIX/XXI21. [OEdrzdan] drede«. fear V 19, 1X98, XV 414, AX 79, C VII 210, XVI 7; pers. II 208, All 169, C II 220; as n. the godfearing man A X 121; ~ofdesperacioun/dispair fear of damnation arising from loss of hope of grace and salvation XVII 313, XX/XXII 164, C XIX 293; ~ is there is a fearful danger Pr 98, C Pr 126; by melon. danger XII 164, C XIV 108; withoute ~ for certain C XIV 10. [fr. v.] dredful adj. fearful, terrifying, awful Pr 16, XX/XXII 89, A I 57, C IX 339. [fr. n.] dredfully adv. in terror XVII 65, C XIX 64. [fr. prec.] dredles adv. without doubt A XI 194. [ME] dregges n. dregs XIX/XXI 399, C VIII 193. [cp. Oldregg] dremels, dremeles n. dream, vision XIII 14, CXV17. [ME] dremes n. pi. prophetic dreams VII 158, A VIII 136, C IX 306. [OE dream: cp. OI draumar] dremej) pr.t.Ssg. is dreaming XX/XXII 377; trans. pa.t.3sg. VIII 69, A IX 60; pp. XIX/XXI 1; impers. pa.t.lsg. XVIII 7, CXX6. [fr. n.] drenche v. drown XII 168; refl. fig. VIII

50, AIX 46; pp. A X 60. [OE drencan] dreuelen, drauelen, dryuelen v. 1. slobber X 11, A XI 11, C XI 9. 2. pr.t.pl. talk nonsense X 42, A XI 43, C XI 38. [OE dreflian and cp. OI draft n.] drye, dri3e n. dry weather V 530, A VI 18, C VII 175; thirst XIV 52. [OE dryge] drye, drei3e adj. dry, rainless XIII 268. [OE dryge] drye, drei3e, druye adv. under cover, out of the rain XVII 326, C XIX 306; out of water X 302, A XI 208, C V 149. [fr. adj.] driep, dri3ep, druyeth v. I . pr.t.Ssg. ~vp Jig. causes to wither, dries up C XIV 22. 2. impers. pr.t. are thirsty 125, A I 25. dri3t n. man VIII 69, A IX 60. [OE drijt, dryht] dri3te(n)/7. Lord (God) XIII 268; the Lord XVIII 282. [OEdryhten] drynke n. 1. thirst-quenching liquid 125, A I 25, C I 24; beverage drunk at meals, drink XIII 251, C VIII 193; wine 127, A I 29, C I 25; intoxicating drink IX 66, A I 32, C X 177; pi. X 169, A XI 121; fig. XIII 50, C XX 403, 407; pi. C XX 409. 2. pi. medicinal potion C VI 89; pi. VI 274, A VII 258, C VIII 295. [OE dnnc] drynke(n) v. take liquid, drink VI 135, XVIII 53, A V 57, VII 129, C II 103; pa.subj.sg. XX/XXII 19; pp. VI 279, A VII 263, C VIII 301; of intoxicating drink C V 9, IX 145; pr.t.lsg. V 178, C VI 160; 3pl. X42; pa.t.sg. XIII 104, C XV 111; pr.subj.sg. VI 260, A VII 244, C VIII 276; imp.sg. V 184, C I 24; pp. VI 279, A VII 263, C VI 419; drink to excess, booze II 94, C II 101; pp. as adj. drunken XI 427, 434, C VI 363, XX 193; trans. VI 305, A VII 289, C XVI 91; pr.t.lsg. V 177, C VI 159; pa.t.Ssg. XIII 61, C XV 65; pi. XIV 65, C XV 264; fig. XI 122, C XX 405; pr.t.lsg. XVIII 370, C XX 412; imp.sg. XVIII 364, C XX 402; pp. XV 560, C XIX 90. [OE drincan] drinkeres n. thirsty people fig. A XII 85. [fr. v.] drinkynge ger. drinking XI 336, C XIII 155. drit n. dirt, manure VI 190, A VII 176. [cp. OI drit] 58

dryue(n) - eft

Glossary

~ for any length of time C V 25. [AF durer} dust see DOON. duste/7. dust XX/XXII 100. [OE dust} dwale n. narcotic drink; fig. delusion XX/XXII 379. [OEdwala] dwelle(n), duelle v. 1. remain, continue, stay 1115, XIII 212, A I 118, C I 131, XX 304; pr.t.3sg. VIII 18, C XIX 243; pi. C XIX 254. 2. reside, live Pr 85, A Pr82, C X 27; pr.t.lsg. C IX 39; 3sg. V 533, A VI 21, C X 13; pi. VIII 17, A IX 105, C X 17; pa.t.lsg. XX/XXII 344; 3sg. X 160, A XI 112; pr.t.3sg. is accommodated III 14, A III 14, C III 15. 3. associate, keep company IV 34, A VII 182, C II 109, X 27; prp. A XII 63. [OE dwellan] dwellynge ger. habitation II 103, C VI 115.

dryue(n) v. drive C VII 296; fig. VI 134, A VII 126, C VIII 141; prp. chasing, in pursuit XX/XXII 100; ~ awey put off, postpone XX/XXII 174; pr.t.Ssg. puts an end to IX 210; abolishes XIV 84; obstructs, repels XVII 313, C XIX 293; ~ doun reduces XIV 93; pi. ~ forp pass, while away Pr 225, A Pr 103, C Pr 229; -fro dispel from V 124, A V 101, C VI 89; pa.t.Bsg. ~ out expelled C XVIII 157; pp. V 613, A VI 99, C VII 265. [OEdnfan] drogges n. medicines, drugs XX/XXII 174. [CF drogue and cp. AF dragge} dro3te, drou3te n. dry weather VI 288, A VII 272, C VIII 311; drought XIV 171, 176; lack of water X 302, A XI 208, C V 149; thirst C XV 251. [OE drugap] dronkelewe, dronklewe, drunkelewe adj. given to drink, habitually drunk VIII 84, A IX 75, C X 8 1 . [OE druncen-lew] dronkenesse n. drunken state C I 27. [OE druncennes] droprc. drop C VI 336. [OE dropa] dropped v. pa.t. pi. dropped, fell XVI 79. [OE dropian] drosenes n. dregs, lees C VIII 193. [OE drosna] druieadv. mightily C IX 145. [ON: cp OI drjugr] drury, druerie, dreury n. loving gift, treasure I 87, A I 85, C I 83. [AF druerie} dubbed, dobbed v. pa.t. 3 sg. made, gave the accolade to I 98, A I 96, C I 102; pp. XVIII 13, C XX 11. [OE dubban] due, deuk n. prince, magnate XIX/XXI 306; fig. A X 76; captain, warden fig. IX 11, A X 11, XII 87; pi XVIII 319, C XX 362. [AF] ducchesse n. duchess fig. C II 33. [AF] ducherie n. dukedom, duchy C III 245. [ME fr. AF duche] dulle adj. slow, dull I 140, A I 129, C I 139. [OEdol] dunmowe, donemowe n. Dunmow in Essex 1X173, A X 194, CX275. dure, duyre(n) v. 1. last, continue X 92; pr.Usg. 178, XIV 159, A 1 76, C XVI 11; pi. A XII 94; pa.t.Ssg. XVIII 63, C XX 65; pa.t.2sg. continue alive X 210; fig. C III 29. 2. continue in effect, have permanent force XVIII 187, C XX 192. 3. endure, bear up XIII 51; eny while to

E ebrew n. (the language) Hebrew C XIX 4. [AF] ech, iche, vc(c)h(e) adj. each, every single Pr 122, V 402, A VII 2, 102, C V 196, VII 50; ~ a Pr 51, C VI 245, 1X116; each, every (without exception) III 63, 309, A II 39, V 96, C II 175, VI 178; as pron. each one X 246, 310, C XX 460. [GEek,yk] echone, ichone, vchone emph. pron. each one, each and every one C VI 122; as partic. adju. to n. I 93, XI 203, A I 91, CI89; to pron. 117, 51, A III 20, C III 442. [ME: prec. + an} edifie v. build, construct XVI 132, C XX 42; intr. establish, set themselves up C 1X204. [AF edifier] edmond n. Edmund the Martyr, King of East Anglia XV 223, C XVI 348. edward n. Edward the Martyr or Edward the Confessor XV 223, C XVI 348. edwyted v. pa.t.Ssg. reproved, rebuked V 363, C VI 421. [OEedwitan] eest, estw. east Pr 13, A P r l 3 , C XX 121. [OE east] tit adv. 1. again, a second time III 348, V 615, A VI 101, C XIV 23, XVIII 24; ~ and ~ constantly C XV 144; another time C XII 161. 2. afterwards XIV 97, XVII 114, C IV 102; in due course C XVII 146, XVIII 127; subsequently C III 332. 3. henceforward X 129, A XI 82. [OE] 59

eftsoone(s) - embaumed

Glossary

eftsoone(s) adv. again XIX/XXI 5; a second time V 473, A V 247, C VI 327. [OE eftsona] eg n. edge in expr. ~ toel by synec. weapon of war C III 476. [OE ecg] eggedest v. 1. pa.t.2sg. incited, tempted XVIII 289; 3sg. 165, A I 63, C I 6 1 . 2. pr.t.Bsg. prompts, urges A X 52. [cp. OI eggja} egges n. eggs XI 352, XIII 63, C XIII 163. [cp. OI egg] egidie, egide n. Egidius, a Desert Father XV 272, C XVII 9. egipte«. Egypt VII 171, A VIII 148, C 1X315. egre adj. angry, bitter XIII 81, C XV 88. [AF] egreliche adv. 1. severely XVI 64. 2. profusely XIX/XXI 378. [ME] 6136, eye n.(l) 1. eye X 269, A XII 96, C XX 383; pi. II 90, V 110, XI 46, A V 109; C VI 103; sg. eyeball X 128; pi. A XI 81. 2. pi. look, glance XI 188, 410. 3. pi. power of vision V 349, A V 197, C VI 407; ~ si3t A X 52. 4. pi. eyelids XVIII 59, C XX 59; in phr. blered ... ~ deluded Pr 74, A Pr 71, C Pr72; wepewip- shed tears V61, XIV 327, A V 246, C XVIII 146. [OE cage} ei3e, eye «.(2) respect, reverence, awe XI 44, CXII 1. [OEege] ei3te, eyhte num. adj. eight XX/XXII 343, A X 175; asn. VI 328. [OE eahta] eightepe, ey3te num. adj. eighth XIV 313, C XVI 147. [OE eahtoba, eahta] eylepv. 1. pr.t.Bsg. afflicts VI 128, A VII 241, C VIII 269. 2. pr.t.pl. ironic are his affliction XV 251. [OE eglian, eglan] eyr, eir, ayr, ayer n. 1. the perisphere as the habitat of spirits Pr 128, I 125, A I 114, CI127. 2. the element air 1X3, A X 3, C X 130. 3. the atmosphere XIV 43, C XV 219. [AF eir, air] eiper, ayper pron. 1. both (of two) XV 223, XVII 310, C XVII 172. 2. each (of two) XI 252, XIII 347, C XII 140; ~ ooper each other VII 144, A VIII 126, C VI 188; one another A X 179, C X 281; of the Trinity each XVI 207; hir ~ each of them XI 179, 316, XX/XXII 353; pleonastic XV 37, C XVI 199; as adj. both XIII 176; as adv. or ... ~ or else XVII 138. [OE <egher] ek, eke 1. adv. also, in addition 181, II

93, VI 287, A I 79, II 198. 2. conj. w. emph. also, moreover I 91, XIII 164, XX/XXII 274, A I 89, III 191. [OE eac] elde n. old age V 192, XI 35, A III 89, C X 265, XII 2; olde ~ advanced years XII 8; pers. XI 27, C XII 1. [OE eldo] elder adj. older XI 13, C XI 172. [OE eldra] eldir see ELLER. eldres, eldren n. ancestors III 263, A III 242, C IX 215. [ME] eleccion n. choice, election Pr 110, C Pr 137, VI 136. [AF] element n. 1. atmospheric conditions, the weather XV 371. 2. pi. earth, air, fire and water, the four 'elements' XVIII 237, C I 1 7 . [AF] elenge, elyng(e) adj. unhappy, miserable Pr 194, X 97, XX/XXII 2, C Pr 207. [OE alenge] elengeliche, elyngly adv. wretchedly XII 44; meanly, in poor circumstances XX/XXII 39. [ME] ely«. Heli(l Sam. 1.3) X288. eller, eldir, hellerne n. elder (Sambucus nigrd) 168, A I 66, C I 64. [OE ellern] elleuene, eleue(ne), enleuene num. adj. eleven II 231, A III 168, C II 241. [OE endlefan] elyes n. gen. of Elijah the Tishbite (III Kings 17.1) XIV 66, C XV 265. ellis adv. w. conj. force otherwise VIII 116, XIV 196, A X 177, C X 112, XV 296; in other instances C XVII 11; indie. alternative or ~ otherwise 1177, A I 51; elsewhere XIX/XXI 189; at other times Pr 91, C Pr 89; emph. a condition But ... ~ unless III 113, A VII 296, C III 150; an exclusion ooperwise and/ne ~ VIII 110, A IX 100, C X 106. [OE elles] ellis adj. other, different III 294, 306, A III 59, VI 103, CIII 292, VI 262; 110113! ~ I 110, A I 108; asn. anything else III 112, XI 216, A III 101, C IX 328, XIII 155. [fr.prec.] elliswhere, elleswher(e) adv. somewhere else, elsewhere Pr 164, A IX 21, C III 235; of the afterlife XIV 120, C XV 296. [OE elles hwter] emaus, emaux n. Emmaus (Luke 24.13) XI 234, CXII 123. embaumed, enbaumed v. pa.t.3sg. 1. anointed during ordination XI 293, C XIII 107. 2. treated (w. ointments) XVII

60

embaumed - ensample

Glossary

pp. XI 316. [AF enditer] enemy(e) n. hostile person, ill-wisher XIII 143, C VI 106; pi. X 202, A XI 151, C VI 64; armed foe XII 106, C XIV 51; pi. XIII 174, C III 251, V 74; fig. XVI 105. [AF enemi\ enforme, enfourme v. give instruction (in a subject) XV 520, C XVII 271; pr.t.3sg. gives legal counsel to III 241; pa.t.Bsg. taught XV 451; pi. XVII 128, C XIX 97. [AF enformer] engelond(e), ingelond n. England Pr 179, C XVII 279; fig. abbot of ~ C V 176. [OE engla lond] engendreb v. pr.t.3sg. procreates, reproduces its species XII 238, C XIV 170; pa.t.pl. begot C X 2 1 5 ; pp. II 119, A X 148, CX248; created XIII 18. [AF engendrer] engendrynge, engenderynge ger. procreation XI 336, C XIII 144. engendrour n. fig. begetter VI 232, A VII 216. [CF engendrure] engleymeb v. pr.t.3sg. in phr. ~ be mawe causes constipation XV 57, C XVI 219. [ME: cp. AF engleime] englissh, engelisch n. the English language IV 145, A VIII 90, C XIV 14; English equivalent A XI 254. [OE englisc] englissh, engelische adj. English X 462, C XVI 218. [OE englisc] engreynen v. dye deeply, in the fibre XIV 20; pp. II 15. [CF engrainer] enhanced pp. heightened C XI 56. [AF enhancer] enioigne v. 1. (of penance) impose (on) XX/XXII 283; pa.t.3sg. V 598, A VI 85; intr.pr.t3sg. XIII 411, C VII 71. 2. pr. t.Ssg. empanels, appoints C XVI 124; pp. XIV 289. 3. pr.subj.pl. join (in marriage) C II 153; pp. II 66, C II 68; compounded IX 4, A X 4, C X 131. [AF enjoinier] ennedy«. Ennodius C XII 175. enquestes n. trials by jury, legal investigations before jurors C V 57, XIII 85. [AF] ensample n. 1. instance, A XI 274; pi. examples IV 136, X 475, A IV 119, C IV 133. 2. illustration from nature, parable, analogy V 17, VII 132, A V 17, C X 243; pi. XII 237, C XIII 27. 3. exemplary model XI 240, C I 194; pi. I

73, C XIX 72; fig. C XIX 88. [AF embaumer] emme n. Emma Pr 225, XIII 339, A Pr 103, CPr229. emperesse n. empress XIII 165. [AF] emperour n. emperor XI 154; pi. Ill 213, A III 200, C III 269; supreme ruler XIX/XXI247. [AF] enblaunched pp. whitelimed, whitewashed XV 115, C XVI 270. [AF emblanchir] enchaunten v. 1. fig. compel irresistibly as if by magic C XVII 286; pa.t.3sg. trained as if by magic XV 405, C XVII 176; pp. bewitched XX/XXII 378. 2. deluded II 42, C II 45. [AF enchanter] enchesoun n. in phr. by bat ~ by reason of that C VI 40. [AF] enclosed pp. contained IX 54, A X 42. [AF endos pp. of enclore] encombre v. pr.subj.sg. burden w. temptation XIX/XXI 228. [AF encombrer] encreese v. multiply XI 399. [AF encrescer] endaunted v. pa.t.Bsg. tamed, trained C XVII 171. [ME: cp. daunten} ende n. 1. termination, end I 127, XVII 345, A X 145, C III 303, XIII 25; in phr. worldes- end of time XIV 105, C XVIII 74; at one yeres ~ in due course II 105, A VII 42; as a matter of course X 339, A XI 227; to be ~ exhaustively, fully I 97; maken ~ conclude, close a case at law III 161, A III 150, C III 199; draw a conclusion III 281, A III 259, C III 434; hap be worse ~ is the loser XIV 225, C XVI 66; make a good ~ achieve a satisfactory conclusion XVIII 161, C XX 164. 2. death XII 4, C Pr 29; fig. destination C X 53. 3. outcome XIX/XXI 278; (final) state II 101, C X 195; 4. end (of an object) III 340, VIII 97, A V 190, C V 111; ending (of a text) III 248, A III 227. 5. region, district V 236. [OEende] endev. 1. die III 277, A IX 52, C IX 292; pr.t.3sg. XV 138; pi. I 131, A I 120; pa.t.3sg. XII 44. 2. pp. ended C III 304. [OE endian] endyngeger. death XIV 261, C XVI 101. [OE endung] enditen v. 1. compose a written statement, write XV 374, C XVII 110. 2. pr.subj. sg. indite, formally charge C XV 118; 61

ensample - errant

Glossary

172, A I 146, C XVI 263. 4. guiding precept A X 110, XI 154, C XI 286. [AF] enseled pp. officially sealed, authenticated XVII 4. [AT ensseler] ensense n. incense C XXI 86. [AF encens] enspireth v. pr.t.pl. fill w. grace C XVI 244. [AF enspirer] entente n. purpose, intention VIII 131. [AF] enterely, entierely adv. sincerely, wholeheartedly C X 189. [cp. ME entere adj.] entice, entise v. incite, tempt XIII 430, C VII 90; pa.t.2sg. C XX 316; prp. provoking XIII 321. [AF enticer] entisyng ger. temptation, enticement XVIII 159. entre(e) n. admission, right of admittance XI 123, C XII 58. [AF] entremetynge ger. meddlesome interruptions XI416, C XIII 224. entremetten v. 1. refl. concern (him)self XIII 290; pa.t.Bsg. took it upon himself, presumed XI 418. [AF entremetter} entren v. 1. pr.t.pl. go in, enter III 238; pa.t.sg. XX/XXII 354; pr.subj.sg. get in V615, AVI 101, C VII 267. 2. pr.t.Bsg. assumes possession XV 138. 3. pr.t.pl. engage in battle C XX 290. 4. pp. elected for entry X 380, A XI 261, CXI 203. [AF entrer] enuenymes n. poisons II 14. [fr. fol.] enuenymeb v. pr.t.Ssg. corrupts, infects XII 258. [AF envenimer] enuy(e)n. 1. hatred XVI 136, XVIII 49, C XX 49; malice X 440, C XII 40; fig. II 84, XIII 321, A II 60, C II 91; hap ~ to hates V 610, A VI 96, C VII 262; haue had ~ have borne malice to V 70, A V 53. 2. bitterness or resentment at sbody's success or advantage, envy V 122, XVII 277, C VI 87. 3. the deadly sin XIX/XXI 228, C XI 108; pers. V 75, A V 105, C VI 62. 4. professional rivalry X 74, C XI 54; in phr. hab ~ to is a rival suitor for IX 7, A X 7, C X 134. [AF envie infl. by AF envier (L invitare)} epistelesrc. epistles C XIX 321. [AF] equyterc. justice XVII 310, XIX/XXI 308; conformity to (his) law C XVII 240. [AF] er, ar prep, before: of time V 20, 451, A

VI 24, C VI 146, VII 137; of preference XV 540, CXI 26. [fr. adv. and cp. OI dr] er(e), eer adv. previously, earlier, formerly 1131, A I 123, VIII 107, CX289, XV 304. [OE^r] See OR adv. er(e), ar, or conj. of time before w. ind. I 73, V 5, A VII 77, 91, C VI 4, VIII 219; w.subj. Pr 155, II 96, A II 168, IV 21, C V 178, VII 267; of preference sooner, rather than II 118, V 460, XX/XXII 19, A II 82, C III 158; lest XV 567. [fr. adv.] erbes n. green vegetables C VIII 320. [AF] erchebisshopes n. archbishops XV 244. [OE ercebiscop] erchedekenes n. archdeacons, chief diocesan administrative officers, presidents of ecclesiastical courts II 174, APr92, C V 7 1 . [OE ercediacon] erd n. native land, region VI 200, A VII 187, C VIII 206. [OEeard] ere, eere n. ear IV 14, A IV 14, C XVII 175; fig. XX/XXII 134; pi IV 146, A V 206, C XVII 172; be in ... ~ (will) sound to XII 255; putteb in (sbody's) ~ suggests to XII 227; worp bobe his ~ deserving of the ears God gave him Pr 78, A Pr 75, C Pr 76; leggeth ~ listen C XVI145. [OEeare] erende, ernde, arnede n. message III 41, A III 40, C III 48; mission, errand C XIII 41. [OE Erende} eretikes«. heretics XVII 139, C XIX 112. [AF eretique] erie(n), ere(n) v. 1. plough VI 4, A VII 59, C VIII 66; pr.t.Ssg. drive the plough VI 23, A VII 25; pr.subj.sg. turn the soil XIV 29, C XV 234. 2. trans. VI 106, A VII 98, 108, C VIII 123; pa.t.pl. XIX/ XXI 268; pp. VI 5, A VII 5, C VIII 3. [OE erian] eritage see HERITAGE. erl n. great noble, earl XIII 165; pi. Ill 213, A IV 152, C XII 226; as title V 395, C VII 11; fig. VIII 89, A IX 80, C X86. [OEeorl] erldom n. earl's domain fig. II 84, A II 60, CII91. [OE earldom] erly, erliche adv. early V 317, A V 166, C V 15. [OEerlice] ermonye see ARMONYE. errant adj. notorious, arrant C VI 306. [AF erraunt] 62

erren - euere

Glossary

135, X 102, A VII 125, C VIII 325; pr.t.lsg. V 177, CVI159; 3sg. C XVI 219; fig. XV 180; pi. A VII 125; pa.t.Ssg. VI 296, A VIII 108, C VI 431; pi. V603, XIII 107, A VI 90, X 141, C XX 207; imp.sg. XIV 51, C XV 250; pp. fig. XVII 100, C XIX 90; of the eucharist XIX/XXI 387; pa.t.pl. XI 237. 2. intr. eat, take food V 121, VI 181, XX/XXII 3, C VI 86, XX 316; pr.t.pl. VI 145, C VIII 146; pa.subj.sg. XII 28; imp.sg. VI 261, A VII 245, C VIII 271; pp. V 374; be at table, dine X 99; pa.t. Isg. V 375; pi. XVI 228, C XVIII 243; prp. X 104. [OE etan] etyngeger. eating XI 336, C XIII 144. eua(u)ngelie, ewangelie n. gospel I 200, XI 190, A I 174, C XI 202. [AF evangelic and L] eua(u)ngelistes n. authors of the gospels X 251, XIII 39, C XV 44. [AF evangeliste] eue«. Eve 165, A VI 90, C VII 250. eue(n), euene n. evening III 312, VI 184, A VI 39, C III 308; vigil of religious feast C XIII 86; pi. C VI 182. [OE tfen] euen(e)cristen(e), emcristen(e) n. fellow Christian, neighbour II 95, V 433, C VI 75, VII 46; pi. XI 182. [OE efn cristen] euene adj. 1. equal C XVIII 89. 2. measured, regulated XX/XXII 170. [OE efen] euene adv. consistently, uniformly XIX/ XXI 298; steadfastly C XIII 68, XVI 53; w. impartial justice IV 184, A IV 147, C IV 178; exactly VII 146, A VIII 128, C I 122, XX 61; squarely XVII 187, XX/XXII 103, C XIX 153. [OE efhe] euenefor|) adv. equally, to the same degree (as) XIII 143, XVII 137. [ME] eueneforp, emforth prep, to the extent of XIX/XXI 308, C XV 141, XVI 223. [fr. adv.] euensong n. the service of vespers V 454, A V 226, C IX 230, 245; the time of that service V 338, A V 187, C VI 396. [OE <efensang] euere adv. at all times, always Pr 45, I 99, A IV 155, C VII 246, XIII 205; continually, all the while, constantly III 160, IV 66, A III 149, C XIV 29, XVI 43; at anytime V 230, VIII 69, A II 12, XI 82, C VI 100, XI 274; eternally XIX/XXI

erren v. pr.t.pl. stray from righteousness C XVII 88. [AF errer] ers n. buttocks, arse, backside V 175, X 314, A XI 81, C V 160; ~ wynnynge earnings by prostitution C VI 305. [OE ears} erst, arst(e) adv. soonest, earliest XVI 71, A IV 29, C VI 307. [OExrest] erpe n. 1. earth as part of Creation 117, 125, III 130, A I 17, C III 94; as the habitat of mankind 17, 137, A IX 33, X 172, C VII 126, X 24. 2. floor, ground as a surface III 230, V 16, A V 45, 198, C XIV 144. 3. the soil as a substance to be cultivated VII 2, A X 126, C Pr 227; fig. C X 200; land XIII 372; the element earth 1X3, XIV 41, A X3, C XVIII 91. 4. dryland XVII 163. 5. by melon, the human species XVI 211; humankind I 154, C I 150. ofworldly XIX/XXI 73, C I 66. [OE eorbe] erpely adj. worldly, earthly, of this world XV 175, XIX/XXI 94. [OE eorbllc] eschaunges n. pi. currency dealings V 246, XIII 393, C VI 280. [AF] eschete see ASKEN. eschetes n. reversions or forfeitures of land or chattels to the Crown IV 175. [AF] eschuwe, eschewe v. imp.sg. avoid, shun VI 53, A VII 48, C VIII 51. [AF eschuer] eserc. comfort XVIII 210, C VIII 281, IX 152; tranquility, serenity X 305, C V 152; peace of mind C XIII 54; at ~ comfortable 1 19, A I 19, C V 165; welcome X 231, A XI 174; at oure ~ free of anxiety Pr 157; hire ~ to haue to live in idleness Pr 57, A Pr 54, C Pr 55; maken/made at ~ entertain(ed) w. hospitality III 4, XV 341, A III 4, C III 4; made hem at ~ satisfied their appetities XIII 42, C XV 47. [AF] esy adj. 1. unstrenuous, requiring little effort XV 207. 2. available, ready to hand VII 128. [CF aise] esily adv. in comfort II 98. [ME] espied v. pp. identified, distinguished XIX 301. [AF espier] espirit n. in seynt ~ Holy Ghost C XIV 27. [AF] essex n. the English county V 92. estward adv. toward the east XVI 169, C Pr 14, I 133. [OE eastweard] ete(n) v. 1. take as nourishment, eat VI

63

euere - fair

Glossary

F

45, 175, C XX 198; for all time II 157, III 192, A III 179, C III 220; from eternity XVI 187, XVII 129, C XIX 135; inphr. for ~ eternally 1115, A V 240, C IX 4; once and for all IV 127, V 104, A IV 110, C XX 34; emph. pat ~ V 89, VII 99, A X 172, C VII 12. [OE dzfer, <efre] eueremoore, eueremo adv. always, in all circumstances IV 90, XIV 223, XV 179, C XII 92; constantly VII 82, C XIV 145; eternally C III 403; (for) ~ after from that day forward VII 95, A VII 224, C III 250; in perpetuity VII 4, A VIIII 4. [OE &fre, md] euery adj. every, each V 247, VIII 53, 1X182, CIII 67, 1X230, X 181. [LOE efric] euesyngesrc. eaves XVII 231, C XIX 197. [OE efesung] euidence n. 1. proof XVIII 152, C XX 155; argument XVII 198, C XIX 164; pi. C VIII 261. 2. model, example of conduct XV 437; pi. instances C XI 281. [AF] ewages n. blue sapphires, beryls, aquamarines II 14. [AF] except pp. as prep, except 1X144, XV 53, C XVI 215; as conj. XV 279, C XVII 9. [fr. AF excepter] exces(se) n. overindulgence, drinking bout V359, C VI 417. [AF] excitejj v. pr.t.Ssg. urges XI 190; pa.t.lsg. VI 20; pi. excited, aroused C VI 188. [AF exciter] excuse v. 1. refl. defend, make out a case for XII 20, XX/XXII 6; pr.t.pl. make excuses for XV 486; exculpate, free of blame C XIX 247; imp.sg. Ill 173, A III 160, C III 219. 2. pp. guiltless, free of guilt 1X186; excused C V 34, VII 298; haue ~ excuse, leave out of account XVII 93, C XV 128. [AF escuser] executours, seketoures, secateurs n. 1. executors of a will V 263, XV 248, XX/XXII 291, C VI 254. 2. officers appointed to execute legal decisions XV 132, C II 192. [AF] experience n. observed experience, observation XVIII 151, C XX 154. [CF] experiment3 n. magical feats X217, A XI 160. [AF] expounen v. explain XIV 278. [AF espoundre]

facew. face V 443, AV215, C VIII 240; human countenance 115, A I 15; fig. VI 238, A VII 222; expression A XII 77; appearance C X 157; presence, mien I 10, A I 10, C I 10; before be ~ in the presence A VIII 39. [AF] fader n. 1. male parent, father III 127, A VIII 145, C Pr 123; pi. V 567, A VI 54, C VII 214; forefather XVI 205; patriarch C XIII 24; pi. spiritual guardians C Pr 120; fig. II 25, C I I 3 1 . 2. of the deity father V 503, C VII 143; as first person of the Trinity X 247, A VIII 39, C XVIII 120; as creator 1166, A X 28, C X 153; as founder, originator I 14, 64, A I 14, C XIX 134. 3. pi. desert fathers XV 272. [OE fader] faderlese adj. fatherless IX 70. [OE faderleas] faille(n) v. 1. lack, be without IX 83; pr.t.Ssg. XV 432; pi. X 301, A XI 207; pa.t.3sg. XI 26; pr.t.lsg. ~ speche lose the power of effective speech IV 156; be in want XIV 33. 2. impers.w.dat.: pr.t. X398, XVII 190, C I 186, VI 256; pa.t. III 347; pr.subj. II 146, VII 125, A VII 256, C II 162; abs. pr.t.Ssg. is not possible XIV 89. 3. of strength, capability pr.t.Ssg. is deficient II 92, A X 58, C VI 256; pr.subj.sg. II 129, XVII 251, A II 93, C XIX 217; of objects break XIX/XXI 218; of Lucifer pa.t.Ssg. lost his power C I 120. 4. disappoint, fail (in expectation or performance) III 52, XI 29, C III 56; pr.t.Ssg. C III 350, XVII 104; pi. C XVII 116, 144; pa.t.Ssg. XIII 5, C XVI 319; pr.subj.pl. C XII 121; of crops, growth VI 325, A VII 306, C VIII 346; pr.subj.sg. VI 17, A VII 16, C VIII 15; pr.subj.sg. be absent IV 194, A IV 157. 5. be mistaken, err VII 154, XX/XXII 31, C IX 303; pr.t.Ssg. XI 307, C XIII 121; pi. XV 359, 367, C XVII 97. [AFfaillir] fayn adj. glad, delighted, happy II 158, VI 300, A II 122, C VIII 322; eager, longing (for) II 78, IV 13, A III 108, C IV 28; ready and willing VI 271, A VII 255, C VIII 292. [OEfegen] fayn(e) adv. gladly A XII 67; eagerly C XVIII 102; w. (any) pleasure, willingly XI 392. [fr. adj.] fair, feyr, fayere adj. 1. beautiful, lovely

64

fair - fals

Glossary

gars VI 121, A VII 171, C X 295; pretenders to theological learning X 72, A XI 58, C XI 52; in pers. frere ~ dishonest friar VI 72, C VIII 73. [AF] falaes adj. specious and fallacious C XVI 232. [fr. n.] falewev. till for fallowing C VII 295. [OE fealgian] fallas ». legal trickery C XI 20. [AF fallace] fallev. 1. fall III 98, A III 87, C XVIII 106; fig. C XIX 147; pr.t.3sg. C X 39; pi. C XVIII 48; pa.t.3sg. 1114, A I 112, C Pr 113; pi. I 121, C I 126; pp. got into the eyes of X 283; fig. pp. resulted V 142; entrapped XVIII 360, C XX 382; fall down VIII 31; pr.subj.sg. collapse C IX 100; fig. sin XVII 336, C XIX 316; pa.t.Bsg. -to crouched at XV 300. 2. indie, change for the worse: pr.t.pl. ~ in arrerage show a loss, prove behind in accounts X 476; fig. pr.t.3sg. C XV 284; prp. ~ fro ioye sinning C X 22; pp. ~ in meschief overtaken by misfortune C IX 180; ~ into pouerte made destitute C IX 183; ~ in praldom been degraded into serfdom XVIII 103, C XX 106; ~ in a welhope by oxymoron is cured of despair XIII 452, C VII 112; of sickness ~ in succumbed to pa.t.Ssg. XX/XXII 176; fig. pr.t.lsg. IV 156. 3. w. immaterial sense descend II 198, All 159, C XIX 294; pa.t.3sg. Ill 260, A III 239. 4. pr.t.lsg. am destroyed, struck down XX/XXII 228; trans, pr.t.lsg. ~ adoune strike down, fell C XVIII 50. 5. come to pass, come about, happen III 325, C XVII 98; pr.t.3sg. C III 97; pi. C III 90; pa.t.3sg. VII 163, A X 185; pr.subj.sg. XV 567, C III 478; pa.subj. sg. XVI 107; pa.t.3sg. came to be XII 46; ~ to be became XVI 94, C XVIII 127; pr.subj.sg. befall XVIII 94, C XX 97; impers. pa.subj.sg. XIV 186; faire ~ yow blessings upon you XVI 1. 6. pr.t. 3sg. is right, appropriate XI 99; is becoming XVI 176, C XVIII 184; pi. are requisite X 239. 7. pr.t. 3 sg. belongs I 166, A I 140, CI162. [OEfeallan] fallyngeger. falling XVI 25, XIX/XXI 65, C XVIII 30; moral trespass C X 4 1 . fals n. dishonesty, deceit, fraud III 154, A III 143, C III 192; pers. II 25, 41, 54, A II 22, C II 44, 68, 75; fig. XX/XXII

Pr 17, 110, A P r l V , C Pr 19, XI 171; comp. XIV 25; superl. XII 238, C XVIII 92; w. spiritual sense excellent VIII 79, A IX 70, C XIII 200, XVII 143; superl. C XVIII 88; fig. C XVIII 54; comp. C XVIII 55; fine, upstanding IX 19, A X 18; superl. XIII 296; vivid, bright XI 365, XVII 210, C XIV 158; imposing, splendid C XII 246; generous II 150, A l l 114, CII 166. 2. sunny X 158, A XI 110, C XI 100; gratifying XIX/XXI 28; comp. XIX/XXI 29. 3. courteous, friendly XV 351, XVI 149, XVI 154, XX/XXII 349, C XVIII 171; civil C VIII 215; fine XI 61; fig. XX/XXII 118; of good quality C IX 269; well grown C XIII 43; delicious C XIV 180; smooth, persuasive II 42, A II 191, C II 242; fig. II 166, A II 130. 4. skilful, clear XVI 1; comp. more effective C IX 259; as n. turne be ~ outward put a good face on things C IX 85. [OEfeger] fayre n. beauty C III 370. [OEfiegern.] faire adv. 1. so ~ in such beauty XVI 66; in such terrible splendour XVIII 68, C XX 70. 2. graciously 14, XIII 180, A I 4, C I 7 1 ; civilly, courteously 158, XVI 65, A I 56, C XV 30; in a friendly way C XVII 31; warmly, hospitably V 626, XV 21, A VI 111, C IX 129, XVI 172; comp. X231, A XI 174; becomingly, w. due respect XI 440, XV 9, XIX/XXI 73, C XVIII 242. 3. clearly 12, A IX 24, C X 32; confidently V 471, A V 245, C VI 325; correctly, skilfully XV 374, C XVII 110; eloquently C XVII 84. 4. comp. more agreeably XX/XXII 314. [QEfegere] fairye n. enchantment, magic and marvels Pr6, A P r 6 . [A¥ faierie] fairnesse n. beauty II 77, XII 46, C XIII 172. [OEfegernes] faiterie, faytrye n. sham, fraud XI 92, C VIII 138. [AF] fay test v. pr.t.2sg. beg under false pretence C V 30; 3sg. C IX 100; pi. VII 95, XV 214, A VIII 77, C IX 171; paA.pl C IX 209. [Affair, pp. of faire] faithly adv. precisely XIX/XXI 70. [ME] faityng ger. shamming, imposture X 39. faitour n. fraud, humbug XX/XXII 5, A II 94, C IX 64; pi. cheats, frauds XV 215, A II 144, C II 196; pi. able-bodied beg65

fals - fauchon

Glossary

55. [OEfr.Lfalsum] Ms adj. 1. false, untrue V 88, A VI 67, C II 88; inpers. II 147, All 111, C II 163; lying V97, A V 77, C XII 198; disloyal XII 260; deceptive, treacherous VIII 42, XIII 327, A IX 38, C II 86, 94; dishonest VII 68, XIV 200, A VIII 70, C VI 258; sinful XIII 400; ~ men lawbreakers VI 219, XIX 247, A VII 205, C VIII 228; of weights and measures unlawful XIII 358, C XVI 130. 2. incorrect XI 304, C XIII 118; heterodox XIX/XXI 47; unjustly contrived XVIII 28, C XX 27; corrupted by perjury C XI 20. 3. spurious, fraudulent XV 507, C III 301, XVII 258; unmerited C III 114. 4. wicked, infamous, base IX 150, A X 210, C III 91. 5. as. n. be ~ falsehood II 4, A II 4, C II 4; pers. the false one II 151, A II 170, C II 156; the criminal lawbreaker III 139, A III 128, C III 177; the guilty party XIX/XXI 370. [AF fah(e) adj. and cp. prec.] falshede n. deceit, falsehood I 64, A I 62, C I 60; pers. Ill 39, A II 50, C II 152; dishonest practices V 287, C VI 342; ~ of fastynge surreptitious failure to observe fasts Pr71. [ME] falsliche adv. treacherously, by deceit XVIII 336, C XX 379; untruthfully C VI 428; fig. of confession invalidly C IX 269. [ME] falsnesse n. dishonesty XX/XXII 66; pers. II 78, A II 162, C II 72; deception, imposture, fraud XI 92, C XII 33; treachery XVI 154, C XVIII 171; doob - behave deceitfully XV 262. [fr. adj.] fame«. disrepute V 94, AV74. [AF] famed v. pp. defamed, slandered III 186, A III 173, CIII 232. [AFfamer] famyn(e), famyen n. famine VI 324, A VII 305, C VIII 344; hunger C VII 306. [AF famine] fantasies n. fantastic entertainments Pr 36, APr36, CPr37; delusory notions A XI 63. [AF] fare«. commotion, to-do XVIII 18, C XX 128. [OEfaru] farev. 1. go, journey VII 99, A VIII 81; pr.t.pl. II 184, A II 145; pp. V 5, A V 5; turned to VI 105, A VII 97, C VIII 112; imp.sg. ~ wel travel safely, goodbye XI 42, C XI 309; pi. XIII 180;

go about X 95; pp. gone, departed XII 5, XV 145. 2. behave, carry on XIII 148; pr.t.3sg. acts XIV 128, C XVIII 95; pa.t.sg. ~ by treated XI 420, C XIII 228; pi behave XI 71, XV 333, C XII 19; pa.t.3sg. XX/XXII 312, C XIII 228; fig. CXIX 114; pr.subj.pl. XIII 109, C XV 117. 3. get along, fare VI 224, A V 210; pr.t.pl XV 185; pa.t.pl. X 235; of an object pr.t.Ssg. C VI 335; pr.t.pl. ~ be werse came to grief IX 147, C X 235; pr.subj.sg. do less well yourself C XI 73; wel ~ have an easy life C V S . 4. impers. go, be the case, happen, turn out XVIII 226, C XX 235; pr.t.Ssg. VIII 37, A IX 33, C X 3 8 ; pr.subj.sg. X411, C XI 242. [OE faran, feran w. senses of AF faire] farten v. entertain as a podicinius, break wind to a tune XIII 231, C XV 205. [? OE] faste adj. grasping AII 63. [OEfest] faste int. adv. w. contextual sense: firmly I 44, A I 42, C I 42; solidly XVII 135, securely I 96, XV 242, A II 162, C I 92; closely IV 167, XVII 83, C XI 174; ~ by C II 183; busily Pr 40, XV 448, A VII 10, C IV 77; hard VI 109, XIII 61, A VII 192, C VIII 213; urgently XX/ XXII 324; rapidly Pr 67, IV 24, A I 113, IV 27, C VIII 342; intently XVI 169, A IV 133; soundly, dreamlessly XVIII 6; devoutly V 448, A V 220; earnestly XIV 274, 334; profusely V 472, A V 246, C VI 326; insistently V 443, AV215, C VII 57; a great deal X 70, A XI 56. [OE faste] faste(n) v. abstain from food and drink in religious observance or as penance I 101, V 173, AV209, C I 9 9 , XIII 381; prp. C VI 352. [OEfestan] fastynge ger. abstention from food and drink for religious reasons Pr 71, XX/ XXII 312, A Pr 68, C IX 234; ~ fastyng(e) dayes days canonically prescribed for fasting II 96, A V 156, C VI 182. fat(te)
fauchon - feyntly

Glossary

152; 2sg. V493, C VII 133; 3sg. XIX/ XXI 126, A VII 284; pi. VI 297, C VIII 319; refl. XX/XXII 209; pr.t.Ssg. Pr 190, VI 251; imp.pl XIX/XXI 257; pr.t. pi. maintain XIII 422, C VII 82; entertain (at meals) XI 193; pr.t.3sg. C XII 105; pi XV 340; refl. pa.t.lsg. took food, ate V 377, C VI 434. [OEfedan] feen. 1. money IV 131, A IV 114, C I V 128; pi. riches, treasures V 581, A VI 68, C VII 228. 2. pi. knyhtes ~ heritable feudal estates C V 77. [OEfioh] feele, fele v. 1. feel XVII 153, XIX/XXI 171, XX/XXII 195; pr.t.pl C XIX 146; pr.t.lsg. experience w. the sense of hearing XV 29, C XVI 189; experience XVIII 220, C XX 229; pa.t.lsg. V 489, C VII 130. 2. pr.t.Bsg. is aware of, perceives XVII 181. 3. of an emotional state feel XX/XXII 37; pa.t.lsg. thought I had C VI 114. [OEfelan] feere n. companion, close associate IV 27, A IV 141, C XVII 19; husband XVII 324; mate C XIII 164; pi. accomplices 116, A II 171, C II 222. [OEfera] feeris n. manners, ways V 170. [cp. AF afere] feet, fait n. act, deed I 186, A I 160, C I 182. [AF]

C XVI 169. [AF] faucon n. falcon XVII 65; pi. birds of prey to train for use in falconry VI 31, A VII 33, C VIII 30. [AF] faunt n. child XVI 101; pi VI 283, A VIII 77, C IX 171. [AF] fauntekyn«. child XIX/XXI 118; pi. XII 213, CIX35. [dim. of prec.] fauntelte(e) n. childish behaviour XV 150; pers. youthful folly XI 42, C XI 309. [ME: cp. CFfauntel] fauntokynes see FAUNTEKYN. fauten v. pr.t. pi. lack IX 68, C X 183; impers. pa.t.sg. was lacking, needful IX 70. [AFfauter] fautes n. charges of blame, reproaches X 106. [AF] fauel n. pers. guile, duplicity II 6, 42, A II 36, C I I 6 , 79. [AFfavele] fauourable, fauerable adj. well-disposed III 154, A III 143, C III 192. [AF] fawned v. pa.t. pi. in phr. ~ wib wagged XV 300, C XVII 31. [OEfagnian] febleadj. infirm, ailing V405, XV 577, C VII 21; ineffectual Pr 180, C Pr 197; powerless C XVI 67; thin, weak V 177, CVI159; comp. less powerful XIV 226, XVII 175; superl XII 239, C XIV 171; base XV 350; as n. weakling, dodderer 1X166, A X 187; spiritually weak XVII 119; comp. XV 348; comp. ~ ban 1101131 spiritually valueless 1186. [AF] fecche(n) v. go and get, fetch II 181, V 640, C II 194; pr. subj. sg. IV 7, A IV 7, C IV 7; imp.sg. A VII 33; bring back V 29, A V 2 9 ; pr.t.pi. 1X174, A X 195, C X 276; get back, recover XIX/XXI 247; come and take away XVI 264, XIX/XXI 145, C XVIII 280; pr.subj.sg. XVI 269, C XVIII 285; take away, carry off VI 157, XVI 49, A VII 144, C XX 32; pr.t.lsg. XVIII 348, C XX 393; 3sg. XVI 45, C XVIII 49; pi. IV 51, XIX/ XXI 464, A IV 38; pr.subj.pl. C XII 238; obtain, get C III 376, XVIII 129; pr.Usg. XVIII 152, C XX 155; encroach on XIII 371, C VI 268. [OE feccan] See FETTE(N). feden v. 1. provide w. food and drink, feed Pr 90, A Pr 93, C IX 90; fig. XV 485; pa.t.Bsg. XV 401, C XVII 68; pi. XV 288, CXVII 11; pp. XV 302. 2. nourish, sustain XIV 30, XV 573; pr.t. pi. XV 415; pa.t.lsg. XVI 125, C XVIII

feffe v. 1. fig. enfeoff A II 37; pr.Usg. II 79, C II 86. 2. endow C XVII 57; pp. XV 325; fig. CIII 370. 3. pr.t.lsg. join contractually by a marriage settlement fig. A II 58; pp. A II 47, C II 140. 4. imp.sg. fig. present II 147, A II 111, C II 163. [AFfeffer] feffement n. deed of enfeoffment fig. II 73, A II 55, C II 75. [AF] fey, fay adj. 1. marked for misfortune, illstarred, out of luck XIII 2, C XV 2. 2. lifeless C XVI 197. [OEfege] feynen v. refl. pretend to be X 39; pa.t.pl. VI 121, A VII 113, C VIII 128. [AF feindre] feynte adj. disheartened, dispirited XVII 119. [AFfeint] feyntise, fentyse, fentesye n. weariness V 5, A V 5; weakness (from lack of food) A XII 67, 68. [AFfeintise] feyntlees adj. tireless, unwearying II 130, A II 94. [cp. adj. and n.] feyntly adv. feignedly in phr. ~ atired 67

feyntly - fendekynes

Glossary

caparisoned w. deceit II 166, A II 130. [ME] feire, fayre n. market fair V 203, A V 119, C VI 211; pi. IV 56, A IV 43, C IV 59; pe newe ~ game of exchanges and forfeits V 320, A V 169, C VI 377. [AF] feip n. 1. religion XVI 245, C XVI 253; religious faith XV 580; fader of ~ origin of true religion I 14, A I 14, C I 14. 2. Christianity, Christian religion I 76, X 75, 239, A XI 60; pers. XI 226, C XVIII 273; religious conformity I 186, A I 160, C I 182; the doctrinal tenets of Christianity X 255, 395, A XI 63, C XI 242, 273. 3. a system of religious doctrine XV 507, C XVII 258. 4. trust in God XIII 129, XIV 83; belief in God XV 606; the Christian virtue XII 30; pers. XIV 86, XVI 176, C XVIII 184; confidence XVI 238, XVII 135, C XVIII 254. 5. fidelity to a trust or promise III 122, A III 111, CIII 159; inphr. in ~ faithfully C VIII 34; pers. uprightness, integrity III 157, A III 147, C III 195; good ~ uprightness, honest conduct IV 37, V 265, XIX/XXI 300, C IV 37; pers. XX/XXII 131; fig. divine justice XVIII 347; in assev. in ~ V 236, C IV 13. [AFfcid] feipful, faythful, faythfol, fayful adj. loyal, true C I 15; devout C VI 291; trustworthy C XVIII 140; honest, conscientious VI 251; ~ fader/god Father/ God in whom we trust IX 105, C XVII 35. [fr. n.] feipfulliche, fayfulleche adv. in piety and virtue in true Christian life VI 69, A VII 63, C VIII 70; true to their knightly vow CI100. [fr. adj.] feiplees, faythles(se) adj. dishonest, untrustworthy IX 121, X 198, A X 139; in pers. fals ~ C II 44. [fr. n.] feitures, fetures n. pi. appearance, build, features XIII 296, C VI 46. [AFfaiture] felw. pelt, fur 115, A I 15. [OE] fel, felle adj. cruel, bitter XVI 31, C XVIII 35; stern III 342, C III 494; shrewd, hard-headed V 170, C VI 152. [AF] felawe, felowe n. 1. associate VII 12, C II 186, III 111; fig. XIX/XXI 88; pi. XIX/XXI 101; his ~ the other (of two) XII 167; another (in his group) C VIII 253. 2. companion XVII 91, C XIX 80;

partyng ~ close companion XIII 206; of the second friar XIII 94, XX/XXII 340, C XV 101; pi followers A I 112, C I 120. 3. accomplice XV 379, C II 208; pi. IX 87. 4. by melon. spiritual companion XVII 89. [cp. Olfelagi] felawship(e), felasshipe, felowschipe n. 1. intimate association, close friendship III 119, XI 24, A III 108, CXI 183; company C II 106; heavenly company 1114. 2. band of associates, accomplices II 210, CIV 50. [ME] feld, feeld n. plain Pr 17, A I 2, C V 111; open ground A II 39; pastureland, field V417, 236, C VII 32; cultivated ground VI 236, A VII 272, C XII 193; floures on- wildflowers C XIII 175. [OE] fele, vele adj. many IX 75, C IX 95; ~ fold repeatedly XIII 329, C VI 74; by ~ fold many times XII 266; ~ yeer long ago XV 231, C XVI 356; as n. XV 333. [OEfela] felice, felys n. woman's name, Felicia V 29, A V 2 9 , CV131; Guy of Warwick's lady XII 46. felicite n. pleasure, comfortable enjoyment XX/XXII 240. [AF] felyng, velynge ger. touch, experience XVIII 128, C XX 131. felle v. fig. subvert III 42, A III 41; kill A XII 66. 2. pa.t.Ssg. struck down, brought to death III 127, A III 116, C III 164, 240; fig. knocked down C XVIII 127. [OE ge-fellan] felle see FEL. felly adv. w. cruel anger XVIII 92, C XX 95. [fr. adj.] felonliche adv. wickedly, w. criminal intent XVIII 351, C XII 238. [AF felon adj.] feloun, felon n. criminal V 471, XVIII 379, A XI 279, C X 240; of the devil evil one XVII 113. [AF] femelles n. pi. females XI 340, C XIII 148. [ATfemele] fend, feend n. 1. of Antichrist diabolic enemy XX/XXII 58, 64; of Satan adversary XVI 102, XVIII 20, C XVIII 136. 2. be- Satan VI 88, A VII 80, C II 44, VII 89; Lucifer CI119; as one of the three foes of mankind VIII 42, A IX 38, C X 4 8 . 3. demon C XX 315; pi XVIII 373, C XX 415. [OEftond] fendekynes n. lesser demons XVIII 373, C XX 415. [dim. of prec.] 68

fenden - fette(n)

Glossary

fern adj. remote, far off XV 231. [OE fyrn] fernyere adv. in the past V 433, C VII 46. [OE fyrngeara] fernyeres n. years in their passage XII 5. [QEfyrngear] ferbe ordinal num. fourth XIX/XXI 297, A XII 82; as n. VII 53, C XVI 133. [OE feorfra] ferbyng n. farthing IV 54, A VI 45, C VII 202. [OEfeorpung] ferbyngworf) n. farthing's worth V 305, AV156, CIX94. [ME] fesaunt3 n. pi. pheasants XV 463. [AF] feste, feeste n. 1. religious festival XV 388, C XVII 120; ~ dayes canonically prescribed religious festivals V 374, C V 30. 2. feast, banquet, elaborate entertainment XI 217, XIX/XXI 108, C VI 291; fine meal C IX 95; pi. X 95, A XI 60, C VII 97; ironic XIII 455, C VII 115. [AF] festen, feeste v. entertain lavishly, provide feasts for XV 342; pr.t.3sg. C XVI 321; pa.t.3sg. XV 590; make much of XV 485. [AF fester] festynge ger. hospitality, giving of feasts XI 194. [fr. v.] festne, festene, fastnid v. 1. formally enrol XI 56, C XII 8. 2. pp. joined, united II 124, A II 48. [OEfestnian] festredpp. ulcerated, suppurated XVII 95, C XIX 85. [AFfcstrir] festu n. fragment of straw, mote X 283. [AF] fej)ere n. feather XIX/XXI 412; pi. XI 330, C XIV 172. [OEfeper] febered pp. of arrows flighted, feathered XX/XXII 118. [OE gefeperian} fetisliche adv. elegantly II 11. [ME: cp. AFfeitiz] fette(n) v. 1. go and get, fetch A II 142; pa.t.pl. went to fetch III 102; bring back C V 131; pa.t.3sg. brought, fetched II 65, A II 127, C II 67; pi. VI 292, A VII 276, C VIII 315; pp. XX/XXII 323; pa.t.Ssg. ~ forb II 144, A II 49, C II 160; pa.t.Ssg. produced, drew V 442, A V 214, C VII 56. 2. pa.t.Ssg. took XI 7, C XI 166; imp.sg. ~ |>ee hoom provide yourself w. VI 31; pp. ~ forb taken out XI 325. 3. pa.t.lsg. took away, carried off XVIII 336, C XX 379; 3sg. XVIII 267, C XX 275; pi. II 232, A II 191, C

fenden v. defend, guard XIX/XXI 65, C I 100; pa.t.3sg. C XXI 46. [cp. AF defendre] fenel n. fennel V 305, A V 156. [OE final, finul]

fenestre n. large upper window XVIII 15, C XX 13; pi. chapel or church windows XIV 200, C XVI 41. [AF] fenkel n. fennel C VI 360. [OEfinugle] fer adj. distant, far XV 535, C IX 242; far away C XVI 356; superl. remotest V 236; ~ to fynde a long way off VIII 79, A IX 70, C X 77; as n. wel ~ a long while XI 35, C XI 194; ~ hoom a long way XIX/XXI 480. [OEfeor] fer adv. of distance far XII 243, C XIV 177; comp. II 202, A V 6, C X 11; beyond that XII 39; of amount as well X448, A XI 293; of extent deep X 479; of quality ~ awey/bi ~ a great deal XIV 209, XX/XXII 314; bi ~ to remotely comparable w. XX/XXII 23. [OEfeor] ferded, ferddede v. pa.t.pl. assembled, herded together XI 340, C XIII 148. [OE fierdian and cp. MEferd] fer(e), feere n. fear II 212, A IV 39, C VIII 191. [OEfer] fere v. cause to fear, dismay VII 35; ~ fro frighten away from C XVII 285. [OE fieran] ferye n. in phr. hei3 ~ church festival falling on a weekday XIII 414; sarcastic occasion for a religious festival C IV 113. [AFferie\ ferly n. 1. marvellous event XVIII 110, C XX 113; marvellous experience Pr 6, A Pr 6; astounding thing A XII 59; pi. Pr 65, A Pr 62, C Pr 63. 2. a wonder XIII 109, XV 379, C XVII 113, XVIII 56; pr.t.lsg. haue ~ marvel X 395, C XX 128. [OEftrlic] ferlyede v. pa.t.lsg. marvelled, was amazed C XIII 172. [fr. n.] ferme n. in phr. to ~ on lease XVI 16. [AF] ferme, ferm adj. solid, sound XII 286, C XIV 208; steadfast XVI 238, C XVIII 254. [AF] ferme adv. steadfastly XVII 135; beyond doubt, absolutely XIX/XXI 120. [fr. adj.] fermedp/?. confirmed, well based X 75, C XI 55. [AFfermer] fermerye n. infirmary XIII 109. [AF fermerie] 69

fette(n) - fynde(n)

Glossary

II 242. [OEfetian] See FECCHE(N). fettren, fetere v. shackle, put in irons II 210, C II 215; imp.pl. II 201, A II 162; pp. V405, A XI 189, C XVI 330. [cp. OE gefetrian] feuere n. feverish illness, high fever XIII 335, A XII 82, C III 96; pi. XIX/XXI 46. [OEfefer] fewe adj. not many, few Pr 65, A VI 1, C VIII 294; not much, a little VI 282, A VII 266, C VIII 304; as n. not many, few III 162, A III 151, C IX 245. [OE feawa] fy excl. of contempt fie II 124, A II 88, C II 140. [AFfi] fial adj. genuine, sincere C VIII 215. [AF fial, fiel} fibicches, febicchis n. charlatans' tricks ? X216, A XI 159. [?] fiers adj. bold V 66, A V 49, C VI 7; wild, savage XV 305. [AF fier, fers] fifte num. ordinal as n. fifth (of a series) XIV 301, C XVI 137; fifth (? the fraction) XI 47. [OEfifa] fiftene num. adj. fifteen III 39, A III 38. [OEffiene] fygen.fig.ClI 29. [AF fige] fight n. combat, contest XV 164. [OE feohte] fi 3 tev. 1. do battle, fight VI 35, XII 105, C I 96, 100; pa.t.pl. C III 247; fig. XX/XXII 141; pr.t.Ssg. XX/XXII 168; pa.t.lsg. XVIII 367, C XX 408; 3sg. XIX/XXI 103; pp. XVI 102. 2. go to war, engage in warfare XIX/XXI 445, C III 257. 3. resist IV 52, A IV 39. 4. battle against temptation, evil XIX/XXI 65, 218, C XVI 174. 5. brawl, contend, behave violently X 307, C V 154; pr.t.3sg. IV 56, A IV 43, C I 176; pa.t. pi. Pr42, APr42, CPr43; pp. VI 152, A VII 139, C VIII 149. [OEfeohtan] fightyngger. combat, battle XVI 101. figuratyfly adv. as an imperfect reflection C XVI 296. [MEfr.figuratifl figures n. arabic numerals, mathematical symbols XIX/XXI 240. [AF] fikel adj. false, deceitful II 25, A III 111, C II 25; unreliable II 130; in name of pers. II 41, CII6, 124. [OEficol] fyle n. sluttish mistress V 160, C VI 135. [cp. Oljyla] fille n. enough to satisfy, fill VI 264, A VII 248. [OEfylt]

fille, fulle, felle v. fill V 332, AV181, C VI 390; pr.t.pl. C III 88; pa.t.3sg. XV 338. [OEfyllan] filberc. dirt, filth XIV 17. [OEjyfy] fyn«.(l) fin XX/XXII 45. [cp.OEjynnas pi.] fyn «.(2) final agreement or settlement to alienate property A II 36, 48. [AF^m] fyn adj. superior, exceptional X 255, C XI 156; true, constant XVII 95, C XIX 85. [AFfin] fynde(n) v. 1. come upon, encounter III 269, XI 392, CIII 424; pr.t.lsg. XI 226; 2sg. Ill 266; 3sg. C IV 121, XVII 161; pi. Ill 55, CIII 59; pa.t.lsg. XV 153, A XII 59, C V 40; pr.subj.sg. VI 218, A VII 204, C VIII 228; pp. Ill 342, C XVI 355. 2. discover (unexpectedly), find X 328, C V 173; pr.t.pl. XV 371, C XVII 107; pa.t.3sg. XIII 95, C XV 102; come upon, arrive at V 567, A VI 54, C VII 214. 3. find (after seeking) V 417, VII 115, A VIII 97, 1X70, C IX 289, XIV 86; pr.t.3sg. XVII 336; pi. VI 58, A VII 53; pp. C XVI 287; get, obtain XV 479; -out attain to XIII 129; pr.t.pl. ~ out invent C Pr 37; pp. devised X 72, A XI 58, C XI 52; pr.t.pl. ~ forb produce A XI 63. 4. discover by study, learn III 344, C III 496; pr.t.pl. XII 76, CVI76; pp. X261, XIV 64, C XV 263. 5. discover (to be the case), find IV 71, XI 25, A IV 57, CXI 188; pr.t.lsg. IX 148, A XI 279, CV153; pr.t.2sg. XVII 89; 3sg. C XVII 165; pi. XI 155; pa.t.lsg. XI 63, A XI 168, C XII 15; 3sg. C XII 25; pa.subj.sg. XIII 252; pi. XV 311; pp. C XIX 23; found to be VII 198, A VIII 176, C IX 344; observe IX 150; pa.t.lsg. discerned, saw Pr 17, A Pr 17, CPr56. 6. detect pr.t.lsg. XVI 154, C XVIII 171; 3sg. IV 131, A V 114, CIV 128; pp. C VIII 138; pr.t. pi. adjudge V 146; pr.subj.sg. II 140, A II 104, C II 156. 7. experience III 325, C III 478; ~ the bettre improve, be cured XV 425. 8. provide Pr 117, 1X70, 75, A VII 63, C V 21, VII 259; pr.t.lsg. XIII 243, C XV 215; 3sg. CV27;pl. C V 49; imp.sg. A VIII 33; support, provide for X 94, XIV 50, A II 50, C III 376; pr.tJsg. VII 133, A VIII 117, C XVI 319; pa.t.3sg. XV 285; pp. CIII 41; support, maintain (for a purpose) pr.t. 70

fynde(n)

Glossary

205; chant or recite to the music of the viol XIII 446, CVII 106. [fr. prec.] fipelere n. wandering musician X 95. [OE] fyue num. adj. five I 15, A I 99, C VI 161; asn. C X 149. [OEftfl flailes n. pi. flails VI 184, A VII 172, C VIII 180. [OE *flegel, AFflaet] flappes n. blows, strokes XIII 67. [? MDu] flapten v. pa.t.pi. beat, threshed VI 184, A VII 172, C VIII 180. [cp. Duflappe flatere v. beguile w. fine words XX/XXII 110; praise insincerely, flatter XX/XXII 235; pa.t.3sg. C XII 25; prp. C II 45; intr. pr.t.pl. curry favour XX/XXII 383, C VIII 147. [AFflater] flaterere n. one who curries favour, sycophant C XI 6; pi. X 6, A XI 6, C VII 82; pers. XV 379, C XVII 113; pi. false confessors XIX/XXI 221. [AF

3 sg. XIX/XXI 445; pi. C XVI 274; pa.t.Ssg. XI 295, C XIII 109; pi. C V 36. [OEfindan] fyndyng(e) ger. livelihood C VI 293; in phr. hadde a ~ would have provided for, endowed XX/XXII 383; ~ out determining C III 345. fynes n. Phinees, son of Heli (1 Sam. 2.3) X287, CPr 107. fynger«. finger XI 169, C XIV 37; pi. II 11, A VII 11, C XIII 107. [OE finger] fir, fuyr(e) n. fire as a state of matter XIV 42, C XV 241; as flame, blaze XVII 208, XIX/XXI 205; as glow XVII 217, C XIX 183; a spark XVII 243; of ~ fiery C VI 335; as a means of lighting, household hearth-fire VII 53, C IX 56; disastrous fire, conflagration VI 219, XIII 162, A VII 205, C I I I 91; fire from heaven III 98, X 417, A III 87, C III 126; Jig. special grace vouchsafed at the moment of death XII 286, C XIV 208. [OEjyr] firmaments the air VII 133, A VIII 115. [AF] firses, firsen n. furze, gorse V 344, A V 192. [OEjyrs] first(e), furst(e), ferste num. 1. adj. first (in some order) III 244, V 202, 362, A V 204, C XV 103, XVI 189; original XI 64, XVIII 157, C XX 160; foremost XVII 141, C XIX 132; before all others XIV 280, C XVI 120. 2. as n. first (in order) II 108, XI 103, A II 72, C I 23, 67; originator IX 27, A X 28, C XIV 164, XIX 134; most important, main guests C IX 251; at pe ~ immediately II 199, A VII 157, C VIII 168. [OEfyrst] first adv. at the outset, in the first instance 176, V 5 1 , A I 74, C V 1 1 0 , VII 143; before all/any others III 33, A XI 135, C XVIII 93; to begin w., for a start V 201, XII 100, A V 117, C XV 5, XVIII 247; originally IX 194; previously C XII 182, XIV 160. [asprec.] fiscuth v. pr.t.Bsg. wanders idly C IX 153. [? OSc *fiaska] fissh n. fish V 177, A V 210, C VII 49; pi. VIII 54, A X 174, C V 148. [OEfisc] fisshed v. pa.t. pi engaged in fishing, fished XV 292, C XVII 19. [OEfisdan] fipele n. stringed instrument played w. a bow, viol IX 105, CVII 106. [OE] fijjele(n) v. play the viol XIII 231, C XV

flaterer]

flaterynge ger. praising insincerely, currying favour C XV 77; embellishment XIII 446, CVII 106. flatte v. pa.t.Ssg. dashed, splashed V 443, AV215, CVII 57. [?A?*flatir] flaumbe, flaume n. flame XVII 210, C XIX 209. [AF] flaumeth, flawme v. 1. pr.t.Bsg. shines, gleams XVII 229, C XIX 195; prp. blazing XVII 208, C XIX 174. 2. pr.subj.sg. cause to stink XII 257. [AF flaumer] flaundresn. Flanders V312, C VI 367. fleckede/?;?. variegated, spotted XI 330, C XIII 138. [cp. Olflekkr] fle(e)v. 1. fly XII 243, XX/XXII 44, C XIV 177; pr.t.Bsg. XII 239, C XIV 171; pi. fowelespat- birds of the air 1X143, C X 231; prp. VIII 54. 2. pa.t.3sg. moved swiftly, flew C XVIII 120; pi. II 236, A VII 171, C II 252; escaped C XX 369. [OEfleogan,fleon] flee(n), fle v. 1. run away, flee II 212, XX/XXII 131, 285, A II 171, C II 222, XX 343; pr.t.pl C XVII 144; pa.t.Ssg. II 213, A II 172, CI119, XIX 59; pi. II 236, A II 195, C XIX 82; pr.subj.sg. Ill 139, A III 128, CIII 177; pi. XVIII 309, C XX 343; pr.t.lsg. escape XV 35, C XVI 197. 2. avoid, shun XVII 322; 71

flee(n) - folwe(n) pr.t.3sg.

Glossary

XVII 324, C XIX 304. [OE

C VIII 154; fig. spiritual nourishment XIV 30. [fr.prec.] floured v. pa.t.3sg. came into bloom, blossomed XVI 94. [ME and cp. AFflorir] flouryngger. inphr. ~tyme blossom time XVI 31, C XVIII 35. fluxw. discharge V 179, C VI 161; pi illnesses accompanied by diarrhoea XIX/ XXI 46, XX/XXII 81. [AF] fobbes n. cheats, confidence-men II 183, A II 144, C II 196. [?] fol see FOOL, FUL. fold «.(!) in phr. by many/fete ~ many times, a great deal XI 258, XII 266, C XII 144. [OEfila, manigfeald] fold, foold n.(2) 1. soil, earth, ground XII 257. 2. this world C IX 153; by melon. mankind I 155, C I 151; bis~ people on earth VII 54. [QEfolde] folde v. bend, flex XVII 148, C XIX 122; close XVII 189, C XIX 155; prp. bending, crooked XVII 141; pp. C XIX 115; clenched XVII 169, C XIX 151. [OEfealdan] foldes«. sheep-folds C IX 260. [OEfald] foles n. horses, mounts II 163, A II 127. [OEjbla] Mien. 1. foolishness, folly XIII 148, C XI 306; foolish behaviour CX184; nonsense XII 137, XX/XXII 147, C XIV 82; pi. worldly frivolities XV 76, C XVI 235; misguided actions A X 70; lack of moral discernment XIV 186, XVIII 226; foolish impulses to sin XIV 299. 2. madness, mental derangement XV 10. [AF] foliliche adv. senselessly, sinfully XV 77, C XVI 236. [ME] folk, folkes n.coll. people Pr 17, II 42, III 64, A II 39, C II 105, V 67; goddes ~ the poor and needy XV 135; his ~ the chosen people XVI 245; ~ of holy kirke the priesthood XV 385. [OEfolc] Mien v. baptize C XVII 285; pa.t.3sg. XV 448; pp. XIX 40, C XXI 40. [OEjullian] folowynge ger. seeking, searching for C III 345. foluyles, foleuiles n. pi. gen. in phr. ~ lawes the rule of violence (sc. conduct of the Folvilles and their like) XIX/XXI 247. folwe(n), folewe, folowe v. 1. accompany, go w. V 152, A XII 67, C IV 28;

fleon, fleogan]

flees n. fleece C IX 269. [OE fles] flessh(e), flesch(e), fleysche n. 1. meat (as food) V 436, A VII 144, C VI 159; fig. XIII 40. 2. the body XV 35, C XVII 195; the human nature assumed by Christ in the incarnation 1155, XVI 101, A XI 215, C VII 143. 3. the body w. its sinful inclinations III 55, V 66, A IX 45, C XVII 135; one of the soul's three enemies 140, VIII 42, A VII 136, C I 38; lost of ~ sexual desire, libido C XIII 152. [OE flesc] flesshliche, flescheliche adj. bodily, physical XIX/XXI 171. [OEfleslic] flete v. 1. swim XX/XXII 45; pr.t.Ssg. floats, is carried XII 167. [OEfleotan] flexw. flax VI13, C VIII 12. [OEfleax] flicche n. side of bacon, flitch IX 174, A X195, CX276. [OEflicce] fli3t n. flying, flight XII 249; power of flight XII239, C XIV 171. [OEflyht] flyntrc. 1. flint XVII 248, C XIX 214. 2. by melon, solid rock XIV 65, C XV 264. [OEflint] fiite v. pa.t.pl. squabbled, bickered Pr 42, APr42. [OEflltan] flittynge v. prp. changeable, evasive, shifty XI 63, C XII 215. [OSc: cp. Olflytja] flobrev. pr.t.lsg. dirty, soil XIV 15. [?] flonke n. spark C VI 335. [cp. Olflakna] flood, floed n. 1. tide, current XII 167; fig. stream, river XII 179, C XIV 119. 2. sea X 301, XV 367, A XI 207. 3. water (as opposed to land) XIV 42, C V 148; gush, flow of water XIV 65, C XV 264. 4. inundation, flood VI 325, A VII 306, CIII 91; pi C VIII 346; the deluge 1X138, A X 169, CX226. [OEflod] floor, flore n. floor XII 198, C XIV 137. [OEflor] floryns n. pi. gold coins, florins II 144, A II 111, C II 160; pi fig. an illness of being bribed to silence IV 156; shrubs in a hedge V 581, A VI 68, C VII 228; pers. retainers III 157, A III 147, C III 195. [AF florin] florissheb v. pr.t.Ssg. embellishes XIV 297, C XVI 133. [AF floras-(florir)] flour «.(!) blossom, flower XV 102, C XVI 255; fig. A X 122; pi. XI 365, C XIII 175; ./jg. XVI 26. [AF] flour w.(2) meal, flour VI 157, A VII 144, 72

folwe(n) - for

Glossary

yourself VI 219, A VII 205. [OE fandian, fundian] fondyngeger. temptation XI401; pi. XIV 302, C X 42; fig. C XIX 91. [cp. OE fandung] fondlynges, foundlynges n. waifs, foundlings IX 196, A X 210, C X 295. [MDu vondeling] fonge, fange v. 1. take, get hold of XVI 96; ~ l>erto reach out for food C IX 91; pr.t.lsg. get XIII 227, C XV 201; intr. receive payment XIV 139, C XVI 7. 2. accept V 558, A VI 45, C VII 202. [OE fan] font n. baptismal font XI 118, A XII 15, C XIV 207. [OE] foo, foe n. enemy XI 61, C V 58; pi. V 97, XIII 327, A V 77, C III 240. [OE fdh adj.] foode, fode n. sustenance, food Pr 42, VI 20, A VIII 33, C V 27; permitted or sanctioned food XIII 93, C XV 100; fig. reassurance, comfort XV 573, C VII 259; aungeles ~ contemplation of the deity XX/XXII 241. [OEfoda] fool, fol, foel n. 1. foolish person XI 68, C XI 6, XII 211; pi. A XI 8; a man deranged XV 3; person of defective intelligence, madman XV 10; pi. congenital idiots IX 68, X 39, A X 58, C X 183; goddes ~ C XI 248. 2. pi. clowns, ribald entertainers Pr 36, XIII 429, A Pr 36, C VII 89; ~ sage wise fool, privileged jester XIII 443, C VII 103; pi. C VII 82; ironic XX/XXII 62. [AF/o/] foorj>e see FORD. foot, fote, foet n. 1. foot XV 453, C I 119; pi II 168, A IV 73, C XVIII 243. 2. basis, foundation XVI 245. 3. the linear measure, foot V 6, A VII 2, C VII 286; ~ lond a foot breadth of land in strip cultivation XIII 371, C VI 268. [OEfit] for, fore prep. 1. of cause because, on account of Pr 152, I 127, A I 101, II 179, C Pr 103, II 54; w. impl. subj. gen. ~ ... loue II 2, III 91, A VIII 132, C I 95, III 401; in adjuration I 58, A I 56, C VI 323; in protestation IV 140, A V I 45, C IV 137. 2. of direction of advantage for (the benefit of) V 291, VI 25, A II 44, C V 13; in favour, support of Pr 159; of disadvantage for III 160, XIV 161, A III 149, C XVI 14; of surety, responsibility for, on behalf of III

pr.t.Ssg. VIII 84, C XVI 44; pi. XIX/XXI 415, C XIII 63; pa.t.lsg. C XV 184; 3sg. XI 47, XVIII 241, C XX 250; pr.subj.sg. XI 138, C XII 73; pp. XII 3, A III 38, C XIV 3; prp. in attendance upon XI 12, C XI 171; consort w. C II 105; pr.t.pl. C II 79; pp. Ill 39, A III 38; pa.t.pl. hung upon, were obsequious to XIII 7, XX/XXII 58, C XV 9; pr.t.Ssg. is his property C XVI 370; intr. pr.t.Ssg. is a companion C XVI 141; ~ after comes along XIV 306. 2. pr.t.Ssg. comes after, follows III 348, C XV 303; pa.t.Ssg. XVII 83; pi. XIX/XXI 271, C XIX 80; prp. Ill 342, C VIII 348. 3. trace, advance along VI 2, A VII 2, CVI118; pr.subj.sg. A XII 91. 4. intr. pr.t.pl. are a consequence, ensue XIV 205, C XVI 46; pr.subj.sg. I 187, A I 161, C I 183. 5. follow (a leader, etc.) C VII 306; pr.t.Ssg. II 186, A II 147, C II 199; pr.t.pl. come to XV 475; pa.t.pl. XV 464. 6. obey VIII 49, A IX 45, C III 376, XII 171; pr.t.Ssg. C II 34; pi. XVII 126, C VIII 212, XI 306; pa.t.Ssg. XVIII 198, C XX 203; pi. C III 247; pr.subj.sg. Ill 7, A III 7; pa.subj.pl. XV 108, C XVI 262; pa.t.Ssg. submitted to XI 26; imp.sg. XI 35, C XI 194; give in to XI 403, C XIII 211; subject oneself to XI 39, C XVIII 79; pr.t.Ssg. conforms to C X 244; pi. C X 256; pa.t.Ssg. hire ~ was at her disposal XVIII 120, C XX 123. 7. pa.t.pl. pursued IV 28, A IV 25; intr. pr.t.pl. are in pursuit I 40, A I 38, C I 38. 8. seek after XI 24, XV 250, C III 364, XI 183; compete for IX 174, A X 95, C X 276. 9. pr.t.Ssg. afflicts A XII 68, C XVI 78; pr.subj.sg. assail XI 375. [OEfolgian] folwere, folewere, foloware n. servant, retainer V 542, A VI 30, C VII 189; pi. by meton. shepherds and plowmen C XVII 104. [OEfolgere] fonde, founded v. 1. attempt, endeavour XI 193; pr.t.Ssg. XIV 203, C XVIII 43; pa.t.Ssg. XVII 83; imp.sg. XIII 145, C XV 143. 2. pa.t.Ssg. put to the test, tried XVI 231, C XVIII 247; pp. XVII 22; pr.t.Ssg. tempts XII 179, C XIV 119. 3. pr.t. S sg. is concerned C XII 105. 4. undertake, set about XX/XXII 166; pa.subj.sg. XV 334; imp.sg. exert 73

for - fordoon

Glossary

137, IV 97, V478, A IV 76, X 66, C VI 348, XVIII 283; of prayer or intercession for Pr 90, XI 56, A V 86, VII 117, C I 77, III 465, V 48. 5. indie, opposition: as remedy for XI 122, XIII 248, C I 146, XII 56; to prevent I 24, II 233, A VII 9, 295, C II 243, VIII 8; to protect against VI 16, 60, A VII 15, X 73, C V 17; to caution against V 15, A V 15, C V 117; ~ bat he purueiede he made provision against that V 167; of circumstances despite, notwithstanding II 200, III 19, X393, A II 162, III 249, IV 41, CIII 109(2), VI 35, 195; -alpat C XIX 246; without regard for Pr 86(1), A Pr 83(1), C Pr 84(1). 4. in payment, recompense, inducement for Pr 127, 177, A II 69, III 39, C III 89, 113, 264; ~ po pat as punishment for the occasion when C IX 276; of expiation, contrition for I 168, IV 133, A III 42, V 104, C V 107, 195. 5. of purpose to obtain, for Pr 59, 61, 148, APr30, II 126, C III 368, VII 176; ~ somwhat for a purpose XI 92, C XII 33. 6. of role, character as, for I 151, II 133, III 212, A IV 104, V 27, VIII 57, CIII 88, 114, IV 159, V 3; w. modal conj. as ~ as (if) for XIII 33, 170, XVI 195, C II 149, III 54, IX 92. 7. of specification, reference, applicability for, over, about Pr 42, III 346, V 449, A II 139, III 212, C III 265, IV 153, V61; as for X 127, A XI 80; w. regard to XV 508, C XVII 259; ~ me for my part Pr 202, C Pr 210; as far as I am concerned C XV 129; ~ euere and have done w. him V 104; ~ pe nones for the occasion A II 41. [OEfor] for conj. 1. intro. a consideration for, because, since I 88, 93, II 119, III 282, A I 27, IV 87, C P r l O l , 150, II 145; ~ ... ergo XIV 61, C XI 260; directly supportive for, because Pr 63, 110, 149, A Pr 83, I 36, II 19, C Pr 219, II 24; purposive in order that I 42, V 523, XI 353, XIX/XXI 145, A I 40, C VI 23, XIII 164; qualif. notwithstanding V 470, A V 244, C VI 324; panic, as to XVIII 143, C XX 146. 2. -to w. infin.: purposive so as to, in order to Pr 47, 115, I 16, APr91, II 65, III 184, C I 1 1 9 , II 202, IV 68; ellip. I 163, III 46, A II 186, VII 182, C IX 267, XI 178; w. v. of teaching, learning, injunction to I 143,

IV 31, XI 323, A VII 126, C III 109, VIII 13, XIII 45; w. initiative v. V 296, XVIII 57, XIX/XXI 317, A V 1 1 , 186, C XX 57; w. cans. v. X 42, XVII 322; after expression of modality Pr 27, II 214, III 119, A VII 173, X89, XI 155, C Pr 189, IV 55, IX 86; w. v. of consent, undertaking, pledge, assurance III 28, 52, VI 56, A III 27, XI 102, C VIII 55, XI 88, XVIII 132; w. infin. of extended grammatical function X 188, XII 208, XIII 148, A X 80, 182, C II 15, III 296, XI 273, XIV 147. [OEfor] See FORTO. forageres n. light cavalry on forage duty; fig. XX/XXII85. [AF: cp. forager v.] forbedep v. 1. pr.t.Ssg. forbids X 209; pp. canonically forbidden XIII 348; pr.subj.sg. in ellip. invocation ~ ellis III 112, A VIII 160, C IX 328; me ~ preserve me from III 120, A III 109, C III 149. 2. pp. publicly proclaimed III 152, A III 141, C III 190. [OE forbeodan] forbere v. 1. forgo, do without XI 210, C I 99; pr.subj.sg. XV 121. 2. pa.t.Ssg. spared III 274, C III 427. [OEforberan] forbete v. overcome by violence XVIII 35, C XX 34; pp. exhausted XX/XXII 198. [ME: cp. OE beatan] forbisene, forbisne n. 1. model, shining example XV 527, C XVII 277. 2. pi. exemplary instances XI 325. 3. illustration, analogy VIII 28, A IX 24, C X 3 2 . [OEforebysen] forbiteb v. pr.t.Ssg. bites off, down XVI 35, C XVIII 39. [OEforbitan] forbode n. in ellip. exclam. prohibition IV 194, XV 580, A IV 157, C III 139. [OE forbad] forbrenne v. consume, destroy by burning III 98, A III 87, C III 126; pa.t.Ssg. C III 107. [OE foreman and cp. OI brenna] force n. in phr. no ~ it is not important C XIV 10. [AF] ford, foorbe n. shallow place in a stream, ford fig. V 567, A VI 54, C VII 214. [OE] fordoon, fordoen, fordo v. destroy V 20, A V 20, C XX 41; pr.t.Ssg. XVII 276, C XIX 257; pa.t.3sg. XVIII 345, C XX 390; bring to perdition IX 66; to naught XVII 29, XVIII 158, CXX28; pr.t.Ssg. is the antidote to XVIII 152, C XX 155. 74

fordoon - forp

Glossary

forme, fourme n. nature C VII 130; shape, figure XIII 296; appearance, form 1117, CI110, XX 315. [AF] formen, fourmen v. 1. shape, design XI 389; arrange A VIII 39; pr.t.pl. make up, constitute XVII 172; pa.t.Ssg. created I 14, A I 14, 140, C I 162. 2. instruct XV 378. [AFfourmer] formest, formost(e) adv. first, in the beginning X 221, A XI 164, C XX 162; in the first place C I 73, XVII 60, 233; emph. colloc. w. first XIX/XXI 120, A X 131, C VI 15. [fr. ME forme adj.] formour, formeour, former, fourmour n. creator, designer IX 27, A X 28, C X 153. [AF] fornicatouris n. pi persons charged w. fornication in the ecclesiastical court A II 142. [AFfornicatur] forow n. furrow-breadth of land XIII 371, C VI 268; pi. furrows VI 104, A VII 96, C VIII 65. [OEfarh] forreyours, forreours n. marauding skirmishers XX/XXII 81. [AF forreiour] forsake(n) v. 1. abandon XI 30, C XII 170; pr.t.lsg. XV 35; 3sg. XIV 265, C XII 155; pa.t.pl. XIX/XXI 368, XX/ XXII 38; pr.subj.sg. XVII 312, C XIX 292; imp.sg. C XII 167; forgo XVI 11. 2. refuse XV 311; pr.t.pl. XV 84; pp. XI 416, C XIII 224; pa.t.Ssg. rejected XX/XXII 231; repudiate C XV 139; pa.t. 3sg. XVIII 196, C XX 201; condemn IX 67; pr.t.3sg. C XVII 82; pr.t.pl. renounce C XVIII 76; pa.t.pl. XV 534, C IX 203; pr.t.lsg. deny V 424, C VII 37. [OEforsacan] forshapte, forschupte v. pa.t.Ssg. ~ vs negated our creation XVII 293, C XIX 274. [OEforscippan] forsleuped pp. spoiled through sloth V 438, C VII 52. [ME] forsopeadv. indeed, truly IV 2, X 188, A VI 82, CIII 112. [OEforsoft forstallep v. pr.t.Ssg. buys up goods on their way to market for more expensive resale IV 56, A IV 43, C IV 59. [ME] forster n. officer in charge of a royal forest, ranger XVII 115. [AFforester} forswore(n) pp. perjured IX 175, XIX/XXI 369, A X 196, C X 277. [OE forswerian] forp n. passage, course; in phr. have his ~ act freely, take his course III 157, A III

2. kill XIX/XXI 51; pr.t.Ssg. w. fut. sense will destroy XVIII 65, C XX 67; pr.t.Ssg. quenches, extinguishes XVII 284, C XIX 265. 3. pp. subdued XIII 259, C XV 229. [OEfordon] fore n. manner of proceeding C VI 118. [OEfor] forefadres, forfadres n. ancestors, forefathers V493, CX235. [ME] foreynes n. strangers C IX 200. [fr. AF forein adj.] forel n. case for an unbound manuscript XIII 95, C XV 102; pi. X 216, A XI 159. [AFforel] foresleues n. ? lower sleeves, over-sleeves ? V80, A V 6 3 . [ME] forest n. wooded tract, forest XV 333; pi. C IX 225. [AF] foreteth«. front teeth C XX 383. [ME] foretolde v. pa.t.Ssg. predicted A XI 168. [ME] forfaren v. pr.t. pi. suffer intolerable hardship XV 135; perish C VIII 233. [OEforfaran] forfeten v. transgress, do wrong C XIII 187; pr.t.3sg. XX/XXII 25. [AFforfeter] forfeture, forfaiture n. seizure, confiscation IV 131, A IV 114, C IV 128. [AF] forfretej) v. pr.t. 3 sg. eats up, devours XVI 29, C XVIII 33. [ME] forgete see FORYETE; forgeuenesse see FOR3IFNESSE. forgid pp. fraudulently joined A II 23. [AF forger] forgyue (n.) see FOR3YUE. forglutten, forglotten v. pr.t.3sg. consume gluttonously X 84, C XI 64. [ME: cp. AF glutir] forgo, foryede, fo^et v. pa.t.Ssg. part w., hand over C XIII 49; lost, was deprived of XI 60, C XII 12. [OEforgdn, foreode] forgoer(e)«. 1. guide II 188, A l l 149, C II 201. 2. pi. purveyors sent ahead to arrange lodging and provisions II 61, C II 63. [ME] forgrynt v. pr.t.Ssg. crushes X 80. [cp. OE grindan] forleyn pp. sexually assaulted, raped C IV 46. [OE forlicgan] formaliche, formallych adv. correctly, in due form XV 374, C XVII 110. [L but cp. CF formel] 75

forb - fouchensaf

Glossary

147, C III 195. [OE: cp. Olforfa] forf) adv. 1. as adju: to v. of motion (set) out Pr48, II 184, XVIII 1, A XI 168, C VI 352, XV 27, X X I ; ahead II 190, A II 151, C II 204; directly C XIX 73; without a halt IV 24, A VI 64, CXI 106; along V566, A VI 53, C VII 213; to the front, forward Pr 183, II 69, A II 54, C Pr 200; into view Pr 223, C XI 193; impl. purpose out XVI 195, XVII 120, A VII 13, C Pr 4, IX 119, XIV 27; for display out Pr 69, XVII 11, A Pr 66, C Pr 67; impl. continuation, persistence continue(d) to... go/went on ...-ing X 444, XI 35, XVIII 3, A VI 2, C II 106, III 346, XV 28; constantly V611, AVI 97, C XVI 342; from end to end C III 107. 2. int. ~wib alongw. 1X38, AX 174, CX231; so- after that XI 363; in due course XIII 209, C XIII 173; from day to day XIV 159, C XVI 11; biside ~ as well XVII 25. 3. in phr. brynge ~ produce XIII 235, C I 18; display C VI 141; of offspring III 152, A VIII 75, C IX 169; fig. beget A X 192; pa.t.3sg. C II 31; pr.t.pl reared, raised XI 357; pa.t.pl C XIII 166; pr.t.pl. guard C IX 261; bryngen- offer X 55, A XI 41, C XI 36; dryueb ~ while away Pr 225, A Pr 103, C Pr 229; fyndip ~ devises A XI 63; lede ~ conduct X 20, A XI 20; put- advance VIII 125, A IX 115, C X 121; employ X 56, A XI 42, C XI 37; display C XV 234; showed IV 78, A IV 64, C IV 74, extends XVII 156; strenede ~ begot C XIII 171; telle ~ proclaim VI 74, A VII 66, C VIII 76; woxen ~ came into being 1X32, A X 33. [OE] forthermore adv. in addition C IX 233. [ME] forpi adv. therefore, accordingly, for that reason P r i l l , 131, A I 123, 149, C Pr 118, 204. [OE/or>z] forbynkeb, forthenketh v. impers. pr.t.sg. is a matter of regret IX 133, A X 164, C X 252; grieves C XX 91. [OE *forfyncan] forto conj. until V 567, A VII 2, C VII 214; w. inf. ~ lese to the extent of losing CX193. [MEforf + to] fortune n. 1. the goddess Fortune XI 7, 39, CXI 166. 2. ill-luck, misfortune VI 218, A VII 204, C VI 127; good luck,

good fortune XX/XXII 148, C III 240; pers. XX/XXII 156; in phr. grace o f ~ talent which seems a matter of luck C XI 283. 3. desired state, condition III 325, XIV 297, CIII478, XVI 133. [AF] forwalked pp. in phr. wery ~ worn out w. walking XIII 204. [ME] forwandred pp. tired of aimless wandering Pr7, A P r 7 . [ME] forwanye(n) v. pamper, spoil w. parental indulgence V 35, A V 33, C V 137. [? OE *forwanian: cp. gewenian, forwana n.] forward, foreward, foroward «. legal undertaking A II 50; agreement VI 35, XI 64, A VII 37; arrangement IV 13, A IV 13, C IV 13. [OEforeweard] forwhy conj. wherefore, because of which XIII 280. [OEforhwt] forwit n. foresight V 166. [cp. OE forewitig] foryede, fo^et see FORGO. foryelde v. pr.subj.sg. reward VI 276, XIII 188, A VII 260, C VIII 297. [OE forgeldan] foryete(n), fo^eten, fo^yte v. 1. pr.t.lsg. fail to remember, forget V 423, C VII 36; pp. V 397, C VII 13. 2. neglect, disregard C VII 25; pp. V 434, C VII 47. 3. pp. overlooked, left out X 448, A XI 293. 4. discard, cast aside XX/XXII 155; pp. given up XX/XXII 369. 5. in phr. for3yueand~ put out of mind XVII 246, C XIX 212; pp. XVII 337, C XIX 317. [OEforgitan] for3ifnesse, fo^euenesse, forgifnesse, forgeuenesse n. 1. divine forgiveness (of a sinner) XIV 154, C VI 436; pardon (of offences) C V 195. 2. remission (of a debt) XX/XXII 287. [OE forgifhes] for3yue, forgyuen v. 1. forgive (a sinner) XVII 238, C XIX 204; pp. (a sin) XVII 292, C XIX 317; intr. XVII 246, C XIX 212. 2. pardon (a crime, offence) III 8, A III 8, C III 8; pr.t.lsg. Ill 108, A IV 88, C III 139. 3. forgive (an enemy) XIX/XXI 394. 4. pa.t.3sg. granted XVIII 76, C XX 78; pp. vouchsafed XVIII 184, C XX 187. [OEforgifan] fostren v. pr.t. pi. bring to a blaze XVII 210, C XIX 176; ~ forb awaken and maintain XVII 213, C XIX 179; pp. nurtured A X 122. [OEfostrian] fouchensaf, fouchen saef v. pr.t.pl. graciously grant (me) C V 49; are so kind as 76

fouchensaf- frend

Glossary

29, A VII 31, C VIII 28. [OE] frayned v. pa.t.lsg. asked, enquired I 58, A I 56, C XVIII 290; 3sg. V 525, A V I 13, C VII 170; ~ at XVIII 18, C XX 16; ~ of VIII 3, A IX 3, C X 3. [OE fregnan] fraytour n. refectory X 328, C V 173. [AFfraitur] frankeleyn n. freeholder, man of substance C X 240; pi. C V 67; fig. XIX/XXI 39. [ AF frankelayn] fraternite(e) n. lay confraternity attached to an order of friars VII 198, A VIII 176, C IX 344. [AF] fraunce n. France Pr 177, A X 8, C III 243. [AF] fraunceis, franceys n. Francis of Assisi IV 121, XV 231, 252, C IV 117, XVI 356. fraunchise, franchise n. status XVIII 103, C XX 106. [AF] fre, free adj. 1. not servile, free XI 384, XIX/XXI 33, C V 67; fig. XX/XXII 146; independent XVIII 103, C Pr 106, XX 106; maken ~ admit to the status of burgess C III 108. 2. unrestricted, at liberty XVII 148, C XI 248; fig. free from the bonds of original sin XIX/XXI 39, 59; unconstrained VIII 53, C X 5 1 ; without constraint XV 150. 3. available freely, without payment C IX 57. 4. generous, open-handed X 75, XV 151, C XI 55; -kynde noble nature II 77. [OE freo] freke, frek n. man IV 13, A VII 204, C IX 153; pi. V 170, C VI 152. [OEfreca] frele, freel adj. unstable, unreliable III 122, A III 111, C III 159; by meton. sinful CX48. [AF] frelete, freletee n. weakness III 55, C III 59; the sinful tendency of human nature XVII 336, C XIX 316. [AF] fremmed, fremde adj. as n. stranger XV 141; unrelated C XII 156. [OEfremede] frenche adj. French XI 384. [OEfrencisc] frend n. 1. intimate associate, friend XI 194, XIII 148, CX301, XII 105; pi. XI 193, C XII 156, XVII 144, XX 454; a person whose good-will to sbody is to be presumed, friend V 102, XIII 148, A V 82; pi. V97, XI 178, A V 77, VII 212, C IX 200, XIX 250. 2. ally, supporter III 52, XI 25, C XII 7; fig. C XVI 138;

to C XVIII 18. [AF voucher sauj] foul adj. 1. dirty XIII 317, XV 113; comp. XIII 319. 2. ugly XI 396, C III 370, XVIII 54. 3. loathesome, festering XIX/XXI 46; horrid C III 396; fig. XIV 302, C XVI 138. 4. evil, malicious, abusive V 179, IX 171, AX 192, C VI 433; sinful V 449, XIII 454, A V 221, C VII 54; obscene X 41, C Pr 37. 5. base, ignoble XVIII 94, XIX/XXI 33, C XVI 373, XX 97. 6. inclement VI 325, A VII 306, C VIII 346; disagreeable XVI 77, C XIII 172; superl. most virulent XVIII 154, C XX 157; most pestilent C XII 224; w. double modification unpalatable ... ugly XII 245. [OEjul] foule adv. filthily XIII 400; hideously V 82, A V 65; disagreeably, offensively XI 436, XII 257, XX/XXII 5, C XIII 242; harshly, severely X 327, XI 215; critically XI 393; cruelly III 186, XIV 162, A III 173, C III 232; shamefully X 479, C X I 300; basely XV 353; wickedly C XX 350, C II 45; superl. in the ugliest fashion XII 238, C XIV 70. [OE fule] foule)) v. pr.t.Bsg. does harm to, damages III 154, A III 143; pa.subj.pl. A VII 136; pr.t.pl. strangle, crowd out XIX/XXI 313; pr.t.Bsg. excretes C IX 267. [OE Julian, AF fouler] founded, fonden v. 1. pa.t.Ssg. established XV 289; pp. XV 325; pp. endowed, funded C XVII 57. 2. pa.t.Bsg. created, was originator of I 64, A I 62, C I 60; pa.t.pl. invent, devise Pr 36, A Pr 36; pa.t.lsg. X 221, A XI 164. [AF founder] founded see FONDE. foundement n. foundation XIX/XXI 325; basis XIV 200, C XVI 41; fig. establishment C III 345; (grammatical) basis CIII 346. [AF] foundours/7 founders A XI 216. [AF] foure num. adj. four Pr 58, A VIII 76, C Pr 131; as n. VII 54, A XI 303, C IX 57. [OEfeower] fourty num. adj. forty V 397, A VI 30, C III 41. [OEfeowertig] fowel, foul n. bird X 158, A XI 110, C XIII 164; pi. V348, A IX 57, C X 2 3 1 ; domestic fowls XV 464; wildfowl VI 31, A VII 33. [OEfugel] fox n. fox XX/XXII 44, C IX 225; pi. VI 77

frend - fulfille

Glossary

benefactor, patron XV 178, C XVI 319; pi XX/XXII 286, C XVI 316. 3. pi. kinsfolk VI 97, VII 172, A X 66, C V 36, X 184. [OEfreond] frendlier adv. comp. more agreeably, amicably X231, A XI 174. [fr. adj.] frenesies n. attacks of delirium, seizures XX/XXII 85. [AF] frenesse n. abounding grace XVI 88. [OE freoness] frenetike, frentyk adj. mentally unbalanced, deranged X 6, A XI 6, C XVIII 178. [AF] frenssh, frenche n. French (language) V 236; Jie~ the French saying C XIII 202. [OEfrencisc] frere n. member of a mendicant religious order, friar II 233, III 52, A III 34, C VI 287; pi. Pr58, A IX 8, C V 173; at lie ~ in friars' churches XIV 200; as title before a type name VI 72, XX/XXII 315, C VIII 73; as adju. C VII 286, IX 209, XVI 355. [AF] fresej) v. pr.t.Ssg. is severe VII 134, A VIII 116; pr.subj.sg. hit- the frost persists C XII 193. [OEjreosan] fressh adj unsalted, fresh VI 310, A VII 294, C VIII 332; sweet, not salty X301, A XI 207; newly shed V493, C VII 133. [AF] frete, vrete v. 1. eat greedily, without restraint II 96, C II 103; pa.t.Bsg. XVIII 196, C XX 201. 2. gnaw, consume w. anger XIII 329; pa.t.lsg. C VI 74. [OE fretan] fretted pp. adorned II 11, A l l 11. [cp. AFfrette pp.] friday n. Friday I 101, A IX 8, C XVIII 166; as the day made sacred by the crucifixion XVI 162, XIX/XXI 142; good- V488, A XI 279, C VII 106; as a day of fast or abstinence V 382, A V 210, C VI 352; pi C V 30; pi as adv. VI73, CVI155, 1X94. [OEfriged<eg} fryth n. forest preserve XVII 115; woodland, parkland XI 365, C XIV 158; pi. C IX 225, XVII 11. [QEfrip: cp. fripgeard] frybed pp. fig. ~ in enclosed within a hedge V 581, A VI 68, C VII 228. [OE

VII 301; down from C P r l l 4 , XVI 213; of origin from XIII 266, A XII 87, C III 133; of deprivation, disadvantageous separation from I 114, X 317, A XI 307, C X 22, XVI 2. 2. of deliverance from II 151, X243, A V 29, 101, C VI 89, VII 135; of protection against, from 123, VII 36, A VII 30, 1X51, C VI 349, VII 256, XIV 118; of avoidance from II 47, X 169, XIV 299, A X 158, XI 121, C XI 62, 140. 3. in distinctions from Pr 56, VI 49, A Pr 53, C X 122, XIX 30. 4. in measurement of distance from V 401, XV 535, C VII 17; of time VI 184, XIII 240, A VII 172, C XV 215. [OE from and cp. Olfrd] frokke n. (religious) habit V 80, A V 63, C XVI 355. [AF^rcc] frost, forst n. cold weather VII 134, A VIII 116, C XII 193; pi. freezing spells C XII 189. [OE] frounces n. wrinkles, creases XIII 317. [AFfrunce] fruyt n. 1. growing crop XIX/XXI 313; pi VI 325, A VII 306, C VIII 346. 2. fruit XV 102, C XVI 255; fig. V 142, XVI 9, A X 122, C XVIII 12; Piers - be Plowman the souls of the righteous in limbo XVIII 20, C XX 32; the forbidden fruit (Gen. 1.17) XVIII 194, C XVIII 122. 3. offspring, progeny C XVIII 79; fig. IX 171, A X 192, C X 273, XVIII 79, 101. [AFfruit] M,Madj. 1. full XV 338, XVI 126, A VII 167, C III 88, VIII 182; crowded Pr 17, A II 39, C V 111; rich, abounding (in) XVII 87, XIX 118, C IX 14, XII 224. 2. whole, entire, complete XVII 169, 170, C XIX 130; perfect XV 153; - tyme the permitted time II 96; midday V 488; the fulness of time XVI 102, C XVIII 136. [OE] ful, fol adv. 1. of numerals all told 1121. 2. as int. very, extremely, most w. adj. Pr 161, 194, A XII 78, C III 497, IV 177; wholly XVI 230, XVIII 116, C III 85, 1X166; - manye Pr 99, C III 161; -fewe C XIII 191; w. adv. Pr20, A VII 101, XI 199, CII12, 157. [OE] fulfille v. 1. comply w., carry out III 265, A II 51, C IX 234, XVII 142; pr.tJsg. C XVI 27; pi XII 260; honour, put into effect VI 35, A VII 37; pr.t.pl C II 130; live in accordance w. X 360, C I 74; pp.

frfyiari]

fro, from, fram prep. 1. of starting point, point of departure from I 4, A III 90, C II 181; away from XI 318, A VII 128, C 78

fulfille - gascoigne

Glossary

336, C XVIII 111. [OE gaderian] gaye adj. elegant, festive XVIII 175, C XX 178. [AFgaf] gailers n. pi. turnkeys, jailers III 138, A III 127, CIII 176. [AFgailor] gaynesse n. frivolity X 84, C XI 64. [fr. adj.] galileen. Galilee XIX/XXI 147. galis, galice n. Galicia in N.W. Spain IV 127, A VI 9, CIV 124. galle n. 1. secretion of the liver, bile V 120, A V 9 9 . 2. bitter malice XVI 155. [OEgalt] galoches n. pi. in phr. ~ ycouped knight's footgear XVIII 14, C XX 12. [AF] galon, galoun n. the liquid measure, gallon V222, A V 1 3 8 , C VI 393. [AF] galpen v. yawn, gape XIII 89, C XV 96. [? MDu infl. by gapen] game(n) n. pastime, amusement Pr 153, C Pr 173; pi. X 51, A XI 37; entertainment V 406; delight IX 104. [OE gamen] gange v. walk, go II 168, A II 132; depart XVI 159, C XVIII 176; pr.t.pl. go about XIV 161, C XVI 14; prp. ~ a thre in the form of three men C XVIII 241. [OE gangan] gape v. stare w. open mouth X 42. [cp. OI gapa] gardyn n. walled garden XVI 13, XVIII 287, C XX 313. [AFgardin] gardyner n. gardener V 138. [AF gardiner] garland, garlond n. chaplet, coronet XVIII 48, XIX/XXI 321, C XX 48. [AF] garleek, garlek n. garlic V 304, A V 155, C VI 359. [OEgarleac] garlekhibe n. Garlickhythe Market in the City of London V316. garlekmonger n. garlic vendor C VI 373. [ME] garnement n. coat XIII 399, XIV 25; garment C IX 119; pi. attire XVIII 175, C XX 178. [AF] gart(e), gert(e) v. caused (sbody to do sthing) pa.t.Bsg. I 122, XV 444, XX/ XXII 57, C VIII 323; pi. VI 301, A VII 285; pr.subj.sg. VI 138, A VII 132; pp. V 131; w. active inf. caused (sthing to be done) pa.t.lsg. X 180, A XI 132, CXI 120; 3sg. CV146. [cp.Olgora] gascoigne, gascoyne n. Gascony Pr 229, A P r 107, CPr233.

accomplished X1X/XXI 80. 2. pp. completed, elapsed VI 324, A X 169, C VIII 344. [OEjulfyllan] fulle n. in phr. my ~ my fill XVI 11; at pe ~ to satiety A XII 72; to pe ~ enough XIV 178, C XX 410; quite adequately C XVII 57; at its true value XIII 192. [OE fulla] fulled pp. of cloth dressed by trampling XV 453. [AF filler] fullen v. pr.t. pi. are full X 58, A XI 44, CXI 39. [OEfillian] fulliche adv. in phr. ~ to to the full extent of XV 61. [OEfillice] fullyng(e), follyng(e) ger. baptism XII 285, XV 451, C XIV 208, XVII 77. [OEfillian] fullyng stokkes n. frames used in the process of fulling cloth XV 453. [ME] furlong, furlang, forlong n. 1. one eighth of a mile, furlong V 5, A V 5. 2. ten acres of ploughland V 417, C VII 32. [OEfirlang\ furred, forred pp. lined w. fur VI 269, XIII 227, A VII 253, C XV 201. [AF firrer] furste, fursteth see KJRST, I>URSTEI>. fust(e), fest n. clenched hand, fist V 84, XVII 141, A V 67, C VI 66; a ~ wyse as a fist CXIX 151. [OEfyst] G

gabbev. lie C III 226; pr.t.pi. C XVII 16. [AF gaber. cp. OI gabba] gabbyng ger. deception XIX/XXI 454, C XVII 129; pi. lying trickery XX/XXII 125. gable n. gable end, last window (of a chapel or church) III 49, A III 48, C III 52. [AF:cp. OIgo/7] gabrielis n. of the archangel Gabriel XVI 90, C XVIII 123. gadelyng, gedelyng n. worthless person, good-for-nothing IX 106, XX/XXII 157; pi. 1X195, A X 209, CX294; ruffianly followers IV 51, A IV 38. [OE gedeling] gaderen, gedereth v. 1. accumulate, acquire XIII 369; pp. C VI 259; fig. pr.t.Ssg. ~ be lasse has little success XIV 230, C XVI 71; intr. pr.t.Ssg. accumulates wealth XX/XXII 368; pi. XII 51; pa.t.3sg. XII 253. 2. pa.t.Bsg. collected, assembled XVI 80, XIX/XXI 79

gate - gyles

Glossary

gate n.(l) see YATE. gaten.(2) 1. road 1205, XVII 114, A I 179; ways A XII 88. 2. manner (of walking) XVIII 243, C XX 252; go bi ~ be off, be on your way XVII 48, XX/ XXII 341, C XIX 46; lette(b) be ~ obstruct(s) III 156, C XIII 91; gen.pl. as adv. obere ~ in other circumstances A X 209. [cp. Qlgata} gateward n. warden of the gate V 595, A VI 82, C XIII 92. [ME] ga3Ophilacium n. the temple treasury chest XIII 197. [L] geaunt n. giant XVIII 252, C XX 261; fig. VI 232, A VII 216; pi XX/XXII 215. [AFgeant] gees(e) see GOOS. geffrey n. man's name XV 123. gendre n. 1. grammatical gender C III 395. 2. instance of a class or group XVI 222. [AF] generacion n. origin XVI 222. [AF] genesis n. the Book of Genesis VI 232, A VII 216, C VIII 239. gentil(l), lentil(e), lentel adj. 1. welldescended, of good breeding XI 248, C V 78; free, not servile XIX/XXI 34; w. spiritual sense XI 203, XIX/XXI 40, C XII 111; as all. epithet notable XIX/XXI 48; excellent, estimable XIX/XXI 265, C XIII 25; as adju. n. J>e ~ I 185, A I 159, C XI 21; of Jesus the loving and merciful X 35, A XI 27. 2. not Jewish, gentile C XVII 132. [AF] gentilliche, genteliche, ientily adv. courteously III 13, A III 13, C III 14; sweetly XIII 232, C XV 206. [fr. adj.] gentries n. nobility XIV 181; noble nature XVIII 22, CXX21. [AF genterise] geomesie n. geomancy, divination X 213, A XI 156. [AF geomande] geometric n. geometry X213, A XI 156. [AF] gerner, garner n. granary VII 135, A VIII 117. \AF gernier] gel-fees n. pi. saddle-girths IV 21, A IV 19. [cp. OIg/6r>] gesene adj. scarce XIII 270. [OE g&sne] gesse n. in phr. vp ~ by what comes into my head V 414. [cp. MDugessen v.] gest(e) «.(!) guest, visitor XV 285; pi. C XI80, XV 198. [cp.Olgestr] geste «.(2) adventure, story XIII 446, C VII 106; pi. romances, idle tales X 31,

XIII 230, C XV 204; pi. writings X 23, A XI 23, CXI 21. [AF] gete(n) v. 1. get possession of, acquire V 285; pa.t.2sg. XVIII 287, C XX 313; imp.sg. CXI 73; pp. V 287, XV 133, C XX 322, 396. 2. obtain (by conferment or bestowal) Pr216, IV 141, V 638, A VI 123, C XI 82; pr.t.lsg. C XVIII 52; pi 1X181; pa.t.lsg. received IV 79, A IV 65, C IV 75. 3. earn Pr 34, XVIII 14, A Pr 34, C XX 12; pr.t.3sg. A VII 235; ~ good earn an honest penny IX 197, A X 211, C X 296; pp. won XVIII 98, C XX 101. 4. pa.t.3sg. begot I 33, XX/XXII 157, A X 160; pp. IX 195, XIX/XXI 121, A X 209, C X 294; ~ ayein recover V 617, A VI 103, C VII 269; ~ ingong gain admittance V 629, A VI 114, C VII 282. [OE gitdn and cp. OI geta] gybbe n. man's nickname (for Gilbert) V 91. giderc. guide V I I , XV 436, A V I I I , C VII 307. [AF] gide v. direct, govern XIX 227. [AF fr. n. and cp. CF guider] gyen v. direct, govern XIX/XXI 227, C II 201; pa.t.Ssg. II 188, A II 149. [AF guier] gifte, 3ifte n. 1. divine bestowal, gift V 617, XII 63, XIX/XXI 253, A VI 103, C XI 283, XIV 33; conferment XIII 245. 2. present, gift XI 194, C IV 138; pi. Ill 100, 211, A III 89, IV 124, C II 166, III 486. 3. reward for service X 159, A XI 111, CIII 339, XI 101; pi. Ill 214, VII 49, A III 198, CIII 267, XV 208. 3. pi. bribes II 150, 201, A II 114, III 229, C III 117, 451. [OE gift and cp. OI gipt] gilerc. 1. fraudulent trick, wile XVIII 357; lying XIX/XXI 454. 2. dishonest means XIII 369, XV 133, C VI 259, XVII 129. 3. deceit, dishonesty V205, XVI155, A VIII 41, C Pr 12, II 128; deception C II 26, XI 265; cunning, craftiness XIX/XXI 455, C VI 190; fig. XX/XXII 57; pers. II 70, XVIII 360, A II 149, C II 72, 129; pretension to learning XV 377, C XVII 112; subterfuge XVIII 357(2,3). [AF] gyle v. deceive, dupe C XVI 307; pr.t.Bsg. VII 69, A VIII 71, C IX 65; pa.t.3sg. XX/XXII 125, A XI 67. [AF gutter] gyles see DOUNES, SEYNT.

80

gille - gyue(n)

Glossary

instrument XIII 233, C XV 207. [CF guiterne, AF gitere] gyued v. pa.t.Ssg. shackled, fettred XX/XXII 192. [fr.gyuesn.] gyue(n), 3yue(n), yeue(n), 3eue v. 1. give (as a present) X 48, A XI 34, C III 499; pr.Usg. XII 145, C XIV 89; 3sg. XIV 151, C IX 133; pi. Ill 334; pa.t.3sg. VIII 52, XX 58; pi. V318, AV167, C VI 375; pp. Ill 182; intr. pr.t.pl. XV 331, 387; pi. giveaway Pr 76, APr73, C Pr 74; give in marriage II 120, IX 166; pr.tpl CX256; pp. II 121, A II 85, C II 129; given as dowry II 31; give in charge XIII 170; pa.t.3sg. VI 242, A VII 226, C III 412, VIII 253; imp.pl. dedicate XVII 271, C XIX 252; give in charity, give alms VII 70, 1X205, A XI 243, C VIII 177, X 304; pr.t.3sg. VII 80, XI 196, XIII 299, C IX 66, XIV 137; pi. VI 127, VII 83, A III 62, C VIII 133, IX 65; pa.t.lsg. C VI 47; 3sg. XII 253, XV 222, C XVI 347, XVII 67; pa.subj.sg. XII 198; imp.sg. C VIII 282, XII 165; intr. pa.subj.pl. gave benefactions XV 319. 2. give in a transaction III 210, A III 197, C III 266; pr.t.pl. C III 272; pa.t.3sg. II 225, VI 198, A II 184, III 20, C II 235; pi. XX/XXII 172, A VIII 43; intr. pay C XVII 129; pr.t.3sg. C III 293; pi. C III 303; pr.t.3sg. gives as a just reward III 232; give as a bribe C III 290; pr.Usg. Ill 138, A III 127, C III 176; pi. C III 288; pa.t.pl. IV 170; imp.sg. II 145, A II 109, CII 161; pp. II 149. 3. of the deity endow w. X452, XIX/XXI 225, C XI 277; pa.Usg. 115, 107, X 385, A I 15, XI 266, CIII 324, XI 210; pr.Usg. confers XIV 151(2), 321, CXVI 156; pr.subj.sg. V 51; pa.t.3sg. ~ Piers pardon conferred the power of absolution on Piers XIX/XXI 183; provide XIX/XXI 319; pr.t.3sg. C XVI 152; bestow (on) C IX 116; pr.t.2sg. XIV 169; 3sg. Ill 232, X 28, A VII 236, C III 339, XII 211; pa.Usg. XIX/XXI 54; grant XII 111, C XIV 56; pr.Usg. XIX/XXI 60, A X 129, C XII 200; pr.subj.sg. VII 203, XII 275, A IV 91, VIII 181, C VI 61, X 60; imp.sg. XIV 170, XV 250; pr.subj.sg. in imprecation visit upon III 166, A II 85, C II 129. 4. in contextual senses: afford XV 437; pa.Usg. XIII 340; pr.t.lsg.

gillew. quarter-pint, gill V 339, A V 1 8 8 , C VI 397. [ML] gilour n. deceiver II 121, A II 85; pi. X 197, XVIII 339, C XX 382; of the devil XVIII 160, C XX 165; dishonest persons C III 100, 303. [AF] gilt, gult«. 1. offence, crime III 8, A III 97, C III 135; pi. C III 8; sins IX 146, C III 103, VI 176. 2. culpability, guilt IV 79, A V 219, C VII 61; fault XIII 256, C XV 226. [OEgylt] gilt, gult pp. gilded, gilt XV 221, C XX 12; ~ penne pen used for writing in gold letters XVII 15, C XIX 16. [cp. OE ofergyldan] gilty, gulty adj. culpable, guilty V 367, XII 193, C VI 175; comp. XII 79; as n. pe ~ X 264, XIX/XXI 302. [fr. n.] giltlees adv. without sin, innocently Pr 34, APr34. [ME] gyn n. stratagem, ingenious plan XVIII 252, C XX 261. [AFgz'n] gynfula^'. tricky, perplexing X213, A XI 156. [ME] gynnep, can v. 1. pr.t.Bsg. begins, sets about XVI 32, C XVIII 36; pi. X 112, C II 142; pa.Usg. IV 94, V 23, XI 320, A IV 81, C II 179, XIX 71, XX 95; undertook V 480, C VII 122; pa.t.lsg. started, began Pr 11, XI 116, A Pr 11, C XII 51; pa.t.3sg. V l l , 346, A V 194, 207, C VI 431, XII 109; fig. pr.subj.sg. XVII 226, C XIX 192. 2. w. red. sense aspa.t. aux. X 147, XX/XXII 386, A XI 168, CV105, XI 85, XV 2; 3sg. 1113, 173, IV 174, A VI 44, VII 139, C IV 148; pi. VIII 119, XIII 266, A IX 109, CIII 11, XV 189. [OEginnan] gynnyngger. beginning II 30, A X 29, C X 154. gyour n. guide XIX/XXI 425, XX/XXII 72. [AF] girdel n. belt XIII 293, C VI 43. [OE gyrdet] girdep, gerdip, gurdeth v. 1. imp.pl. strike II 202, A II 163, C II 216. 2. pa.t.lsg. vomited V 372. [OE *gyrdan] girles, gurles, gerles n. pi. young persons of either sex X 80; children I 33, A X 160, C IX 76, XVI 302; schoolboys X 180, A XI 132, C XI 120; choirboys XVIII 7, C X X 6 . [OE*gyrela] gyse n. fashion, style C Pr 26. [AF] gyterne, geterne n. stringed musical 81

gyue(n) - gnawen

Glossary

fig. give in enfeoffment A II 64; 3sg. II 93, C II 100; pa.t.Ssg. C III 323; pr.subj.sg. C III 316; pa.t.Bsg. imposed on XIV 9; render V 293, C VI 348; pr.t.Ssg. grants C XIII 83; pa.subj.sg. XVIII 383, C XX 425; pp. V 383, A V 211, C II 72; pa.t.3sg. pronounced XVIII 191, C XX 196; pa.t.pl. delivered XX/XXII 300; pr.subj.sg. fig. cause, bring about XII 60, C XIV 24; reckon, account XX/XXII 155; pr.t.pl. IV 37, XIX/XXI 454, C IV 37; pa.t.3sg. struck C VIII 187; pa.t.lsg. refl. applied, devoted V 439, C VII 53; pa.t.lsg. alienate at the expense of X 317, XV 323, CV163. [OE giefan, Ol gefa] gyuere n. one who gives VII 69, A VIII 71. [ME] gyues n. fetters, shackles XIV 53, C XV 252. [AFgive] glad adj. 1. merry, cheerful V 318, VIII 95, XV 169, A V 167, C VI 375; delighted, happy III 302, XV 167, A X 100, C III 283; comp. V 91, XXVKXII 62, AXI111; asn. XV 169, A XI 193, C XVI 302; cheerful VIII 95, A IX 85; friendly XVI 155. [OEgLed] glade(n), gladie v. bring joy to XVIII 256, XIX/XXI 147; pr.subj.sg. give joy (to) V 534; pr.t.pl. please A X 201; do honour to C XX 178; pa.t.Bsg. gladdened XX/XXI 171; cheer, hearten, comfort VI 119, A VII 111, C 1X301; pr.tpl. XVII 221, C XIX 187; amuse, entertain X44. [QEgladiari] gladly adv. w. pleasure C VI 105; w. a good will IV 194; open-handedly XV 222, C XVI 347. [fr. adj.] gla3e(n) v. fit w. glass, glaze III 49, A III 48, C III 65. [ME: cp. OEgLes n.] gla3ene adj. in phr. gyuen a ~ howue deluded XX/XXII 172. [OEglesen] glee, gle n. music Pr 34, A Pr 34. [OE gleo] gleede, glede n. glowing coal, ember II 12, XVII 227, C XIX 201; pi. XVII 221, C XIX 187; spark V283. [OEgled] gleman n. minstrel, musician IX 104, A XI 111, CXI 101; entertainer's, fiddler's V 346, A V 194, C VI 404. [ME] glide v. move soundlessly XVIII 431, C XX 475. [OEglldan] glorie n. 1. heavenly glory XVIII 265, C XX 342. 2. glorious conceit X I 1 7 , A

XI 70; ironic sublime overconfidence XX/XXII 157. [AF] gloriously adv. in splendid lettering XVII 15, C XIX 16. [ME: cp. AF glorious] glose n. explanatory comment XVII 15, C XIX 16; the Psalter gloss (Glossa Ordinaria) XII 294, XV 82, C VI 301; interpretation C III 329; particular qualification C X 242; sophistry C XV 81. [AF] gloseris, glosares n. pi. dishonest spiritual advisors XIX/XXI 221. [AF gloser, glosor] glose)) v. 1. pr.t.Ssg. uses fair words X 197; pr.p. as adj. flattering C IV 138. 2. invalidates in the course of drafting XI 306, C XIII 120. 3. gives false spiritual assurance for gain XX/XXII 368. 4. pa.t.pl. interpreted, explained Pr 60, A Pr 57, C Pr 58; pp. interpreted in the margin XVII 12, C XIX 13; as explained in the Glossa Ordinaria X 175, A XI 127, CXI 115. [AFgloser] glosyng ger. sophistical interpretation XIII 75; dishonest persuasion C VI 259; pi. XX/XXII 125. gloton, glotoun n. person w. uncontrolled appetite for food and drink, greedily selfindulgent person C XV 85; pi. 1X62; as term of abuse Pr 76, A Pr 73, C Pr 74; pers. as the deadly sin V 296, XIII 399, A V 146, C VI 357; of a greedy theologian, mocking his degree goddes ~ XIII 78; ~ of wordes person incapable of refraining from comment Pr 139. [AF] glotonye n. 1. uncontrolled appetite for food and drink, greed XIV 232, C XVI 73; pers. XIV 230, C XVI 71. 2. overindulgence at table Pr 22, X 51, A VII 285, C X I 64, XVI 76; in- fed to repletion Pr 43, A Pr 43, C Pr 44; in gluttonous sinfulness I 33, C I 29. 3. fig. the deadly sin II 93, A II 64, C II 100. [AF glotonie] gloue n. glove VI 153, A VII 140; pi. V 253, C XIII 48. [OEgloJ] glowe v. glow, be radiant fig. XVII 226, C XIX 192; fig. pr.t.Ssg. XVII 227, C XIX 193; prp. as adj. XVII 221, C XIX 187; pr.t.Ssg. ~ on fuyr are ablaze C III 103. [OEglowan] glubberes n. pi. gluttonous eaters and drinkers IX 62. [cp. ME glubbe n.] gnawen v. pr.t.pl. fig. in phr. ~ in/w. be 82

gnawen - good(e)

Glossary

gobet n. small portion, part C V 100. [AF] god«. 1. the deity, God Pr210, 1122, II 30, A I 85, III 53, C P r l l 7 , II 128; as constituting the Trinity X 246, XVII 184, C XVIII 237, XIX 31; in the person of Christ I 46, V 404, XI 244, A VII 193, C III 74, X 207. 2. one in whom the imago Dei has been restored I 90, A I 88, C I 8 6 . 3. idol 1X62; divine being XX/ XXII 57; pi. C XX 318. [OE] godchildren n. pi. 1. godsons or goddaughters IX 77. 2. fig. successors in the monastic life, children in God X 330. [ME] god(e)fray, godefrey n. man's name, Godfrey V316, A X 21, C VI 373. godfader n. male sponsor in baptism IX 77. [ME] godheden. the nature of God C XVIII 226, 237; divinity 1X47, XIX/XXI 158, A X 36; the divine presence XIX/XXI 197. [OE godhdd] godmoder n. female sponsor in baptism IX 77. [ME] goere n. in phr. ~ to one who frequents 1X106 [fr. v.] goyng ger. \. going, departure XIV 165. 2. conduct A X 53, C X 300. 3. guise, likeness C XX 327. gokyn. fool XI 306, C XIII 121. [cp. OI gaukr, cuckoo] gold n. 1. the precious metal III 22, IV 95, A III 23, C Pr 180, IV 91; gold thread II 16, A II 13. 2. gold coins, money X 159, XV 166, A II 109, III 127, C VI 246, IX 133. [OE] gold adj. made of gold II 11, C XVIII 207. [ME] goliardeis n. one lacking in respect, flippant scoffer, sceptic Pr 139. [cp. AF goliardie] gome n.(l) 1. man V 367, X 230, XIX/XXI 121, A VI 22, C XIII 92, 120, XVI 307; pi. II 74, VI 216, A II 56, C Pr 44, X 236; as adju. C XX 328. 2. servant, follower XVII 88. [OEguma] gome n.(2) heed, note C XIX 15. [cp. OI gaumr] gommes n. pi. aromatic gums II 229, A II 188, C II 239. [AF] gonnes n. pi. guns, cannon C XX 291. [AF gunne] good(e), goed n. 1. goodness, righteousness,

gorge speak censoriously of X 58, A XI 44, CXI 39. [OEgnagan] gnedy adj. selfish C XV 85. [cp. OE gnede n.] go, gon(e), goo(n), goen v. 1. walk V 346, XX 192, A V 194, C VI 404; pr.t.Ssg. XVII 39; pp. V 372; in pers. ~ wel IX 22, A X 21, C X 148; pr.t.Ssg. ~ pryuely is stealthy XIX/XXI 300. 2. travel, proceed II 155, V 561, A II 119, C XIII 53, XIV 93; pr.t.Ssg. XVII 114; pr.subj.sg. IV 127, A IV 110, C IV 124; prp. XIX/XXI 158; pr.subj.sg. set out V 638, A VI 123, C VII 291. 3. go away, depart II 214, 1X94, A XI 48, C II 224, XII 212; pr.t.lsg. XIX/XXI 225; 3sg. C IV 100, XVI 106; pi. Ill 245, A VIII 181, C IX 349; fig. pr.t.pl. XV 145, C XVI 284; pr.t.Ssg. is spent C XIX 77; pp. past C XX 296. 4. go (to a person, objective, destination) V 296, 512, A XI 52, C V 105, XIV 93; pr.t.Ssg. XIV 232, C XVI 73; pi. Pr43, APr43, C Pr 44; pr.subj.sg. C XI 198; approach C XIX 64. 5. go (and do sthing) V 24, 640, A VII 221, C VII 296, VIII 151; pr.t.pl. VII 95, A IX 49, C IX 171; pr.subj.sg. VI 29, A VII 31, C VIII 28; pi. Pr227, A P r l O S , CPr231; imp.sg. II 145, IX 135, XI 54, C X 284, XII 164. 6. imp.sg. turn, refer I 46, XV 377, A VII 216, C VIII 238; pi. XV 82; pr.subj.pl. let us consider C XVIII 226; turn, have recourse VII 135, A VIII 117; imp.sg. X 197. 7. go on, continue II 202, IX 84, A XII 76, C IX 117, XI 48; pr.subj.pl. A XII 69. 8. pr.t.Ssg. go about X 366, C XII 101; pp. C XX 328. 9. in phr. pp. ~ amonges been present among V 205, A V 121, C VI 213; ~ ayein fight XIX/XXI 359; pr.subj.sg. match XVIII 357; pr.t.Ssg. ~ into leads into 1 205, A I 179; - t o be w., accompany IX 109; pr.t.pl. ~ to make up, constitute C XVIII 237; ~ togideres be associates III 226; ~ semelich ne sitte live in the grand style C XIX 249; pr.t. pi. fig. ~ so pikke move in such throngs III 157; pr.subj.sg. vnhende ~ wib be may it go harshly w. you XX/XXII 186; lat ~ pass round V 336, A V 185, C VI 394. [OE gdn] See YEDEN, WENDEN. gobelyn n. a minor devil's name XVIII 293, C XX 323. [AF gobelin] 83

good(e) - grace

Glossary

virtuous conduct III 223, V 43, 634, A IV 108, X 52, C VII 287, X 94, XIV 164; the good XVI 110 C XX 318. 2. good people IX 163, XVIII 279, C IX 15, XX 301; of abstractions C III 366. 3. good deeds, acts of kindness III 243, X 204, A IX 85; benefit XI 382, C I 24. 4. good sense Pr 182, CPrl99. 5. property I 182, II 132, V274, A XI 248, C II 35, III 95, XII 212; thing of value XV 140; means, resources XVIII 132; pi. possessions II 76, IV 163, A III 248, VIII 51, C VI 258, VIII 144. [OEgod] good, goed adj. in contextual senses: excellent V 166(1), XII 30, XV 350, A XI 204, CXI 217, XIII 29, XVIII 12; of good quality Pr 227, V 302, A Pr 105, C X 207, XVI 73; morally good, virtuous III 64, 75, V595, A II 32, 1X52, X 53, C Pr 29, V 62, VI 18; true, rightful II 30; well-behaved XV 216; morally acceptable, lawful V 285, C VI 341; to be commended XIV 281(1), C XVI 121(1); commendable XX/XXII 34; discerning V 166(2); correct, true, sound XIV 281(2), XVIII 339, C XI 302, XVII 58, XVIII 83; solid XIX/XXI 235; careful XI 111, XVII 106, C IX 71, XIX 15; fitting, appropriate XVI 194, XVIII 69, 162, C XVIII 203; w. spiritual sense benevolent, loving XII 272, XV 169, XVIII 212, C VI 436, XVI 308; beneficial 136, XV 437, A I 34, C I 34; ~ matere religious instruction XV 58; felicitous, favourable V 98, XVIII 161, A VII 69, C VIII 79; prosperous XVIII 108, C XX 111; fine, generous XIII 234, XV 146, C XV 208; powerful V531, A VI 19, C VII 176; of praise high XI 297, C VII 108; good looking XIII 361, C VI 260; brave XV 436; correct XII 60, XVII 352, C VI 337; firm, confident XVII 315, XX/XXII 167, C XIX 295; -herte courage XX/XXII 180; ~ woon in abundance XX/XXII 171; as n. good food VI 137, A VII 131. [OEgod] good adv. well Pr 60, A Pr 57, C Pr 60; generously A XI 248. [fr. adj.] goodliche adv. w. a good will, gladly I 182, A I 156, CXI 136; righteously XI 281. [ME] goodnesse, goednesse, goudnesse n. I. of the deity benevolence, merciful kindness I 122, V 447, 480, XIX/XXI 267, A V

219, CVI61, VIII 352; kindness III 21, A III 20, C III 22. 2. disposition to virtuous conduct, moral excellence XVI 62, A X 80. [OEgodnes] goos n. goose C VIII 303; pi. Pr 227, A IV 38, CV19. [OEgos] goost, gost, goest n. 1. soul 136, 1X47, A I 34, C XI 227; in ~ spiritually C VI 175; in thought C VII 150. 2. holy ~ the third person of the Trinity, Holy Ghost X 244, 247, A XI 301, C XIV 84. 3. demon XVIII431, C XX 475. [OEgdst] goostly adj. spiritual XV 573, 576. [OE gdstlic] goostliche adv. as a spirit XX/XXII 40. [OEgdstlice] gorge n. gullet X 67, A XI 53; throat, neck X 58, A XI 44, C XI 39. [AF] gospel, gospell(e) n. the writings of the New Testament, Gospel I 46, A VIII 113, CX242; scripture, the Bible Pr 60, IX 148, A Pr 57, C Pr 58, X 236; knowledge of the scripture XI 307, C XIII 121. [OEgodspel] gossip n. familiar term of address V 302, A V 152, C VI 357; pi. cronies, intimates CVI47. [OEgodsibb] gopele(n), gothly v. rumble V 340, XIII 89, C VI 398. [?] goutes, gowtes n. pi. attacks of gout XX/ XXII 192. [AF] gouerne v. rule HI 285, A III 261, C III 438; regulate, control V 51; pr.t.Ssg. exercises control over XX/XXII 34. [AF governer} gowne, goune n. robe, gown (worn by either sex) XV 167, C XVI 300; pi. XIII 227, C XV 201. [AF] graces. 1. God's forgiveness of original sin which enables the soul to be saved, grace I 202, V 446, 629, XI 149, A V 254, VI 103, VIII 181, C I 197, III 100, V 100, VI 61; fig. C I 200; benign will 1X60; A X 48; (divine) benevolence III 232, VI 126, 1X48, XII 275, A III 219, C II 135, IX 55, XII 185; fig. XII 59, XV 424, C XIV 24, XVII 48; pers. XIX/XXI 274, 319; divine favour XIX/XXI 30, CXI 206. 2. God's gift of a particular favour V 261, IX 103, XI 408, C III 329, XI 283, XIV 2; pi. blessings XV 66. 3. divinely conferred aptitude, talent X 385, XIX/XXI 227; coll. XIX/XXI 215; pi. II 29; ironic V 84

grace - greyn

Glossary

[AF] grauntev. 1. permit, allow XI 128, C XII 63; pr.t.3sg. XI 97; pa.t.3sg. A XII 25; pr.subj.sg. V 605, A VI 92, C VII 254; pp. A X 206. 2. pr.t.lsg. assent IV 194, A IV 157; assent to C III 366; pr.t.3sg. A II 24; pr.t.3sg. consents II 155, A II 119, C II 171; pa.t.3sg. C II 128; pa.t. Isg. expressed a wish, offered XVII 88. 3. decree C IX 278; pr.t.3sg. XVIII 338, A XI 196; pa.t.3sg. II 120, A II 84; pr.subj.sg. VI 331, C VIII 352; allot C III 252, 331; pp. Ill 254, VII 105, A III 233. 4. confer, bestow (on), give, grant I 173, VII 179, XVII 225, A XI 300, C I 86, V 192; pr.t.lsg. Ill 108, A III 97; 3sg. C IX 8; pa.t.Ssg. Ill 172, IX 48, XIX/XXI 183, A X 36, C III 218; pr.subj.sg. XIV 321, C XVI 156; imp.sg. C VI 102; pp. VII 8, XI 149, A VIII 8, C III 135, XX 187; pr.t.lsg. convey by process of law II 87; pr.t.3sg. C II 91; pp. C II 72. 5. pr.t.3sg. promises XII 294; pa.t.3sg. XVI 241; gave her consent to XVI 97, C XVIII 130. [AF graunter] graue n. tomb XV 593, C XVII 302; pi. graves XVIII 62, C XX 64. [OE graft graue v. carve, engrave III 49, A III 48, C III 52; pp. cut, stamped IV 130, XV 545, A IV 113, C IV 127, XVII 207. [OE grafan] grauynge ger. carving, engraving III 64, A III 53, CIII 68, 74. grece n. lard XIII 63. [AF] greden v. 1. cry out, shout III 71, A III 62; pr.t.lsg. XIX/XXI 425; pi. II 74, C XIV 33; pa.t.3sg. XX/XXII 386; pi A II 56. 2. pr.t.pl weep C VIII 283, IX 76; pa.t.Ssg. XVI 78. [QEgreden] gredy adj. greedy V 340, C VI 398. [OE grtedig] gredyre n. gridiron C II 133. [cp. AF gredile] gree, gre n. decision in (his) favour XVIII 98, C XX 101. [AFgre\ greete, grete v. weep V 379, A V 207. [OE gretan] greetnesse «. size XVI 59. [OEgreatnes] gregorie n. Pope Gregory the Great V 166, A XI 204, C V 146. greyn n. 1. crop (of cereal plants) VI 126, A VII 118, C VIII 132, XII 178; pi. fig. XIX/XXI 317. 2. grain, corn VI 119, A

205, A V 1 2 1 , C VI 213; special gift C VI 83. 4. goodwill, favour I 79, III 108, IV 141, V290, A I 77, C III 135, IV 138, XIV 132; mercy, compassion VIII 105, XII 192, A IX 95, C VII 251; forgiveness of sins V 446, 638, XVII 301, A V 218, C VII 60, 291; pers. V 595, A VI 92, C VII 248; dispensation V 51, C V 192; permission III 172, A III 159, CIII 218; indulgence I I I , A l l 1, C II 1; lip in ... ~ depend(s) upon ... favour IV 73, A IV 59, C XX 428; do/put ... in ... ~ throw ... upon ... mercy XVIII 90, C II 247, XX 92. 5. good luck V 98, A V 78, XI 266, CIII 324, V98; success XV 250; misfortune V 152. 6. pi. prayers of thanksgiving XIV 63, C XV 262. [AF] gracious adj. pleasing VI 227; full of grace C III 354, XIV 133. [AF] graciousliche adv. by divine grace C XVIII 7; by an act of grace XVIII 357. [ME] graffe n. graft, fruit-bearing wood C I 200. [AF greffe, graife] graffenv. graft V 138. [ME fr. n.] gray, grey adj. grey XV 167, C XVI 300; as n. by melon, sober clothing XV 221, C XVI 346. [OE greg, greg] graip, grayeth adj. 1. ready, available XII 194. 2. plain, unmistakable, evident A VIII 41, CIII 89, XI 242. 2. true, honest C VI 230. 3. direct, straight I 205; superl. C I 200. [cp. OI greifr] graiply adv. 1. straightaway C VII 296, XI 136; readily XI 41, C XI 308. 2. worthily, fairly XVIII 292, C XX 322. [ME] grameriens n. pi. those able to read Latin XIII 73. [AF gramarein] grammar, gramer n. Latin grammar X 180, XV 372, A XI 132, CXI 120. [AF gramaire] grant mercy exclam. formally expr. gratitude and a sense of obligation X 224, A XI 166, C XVII 88. [CF] grape n. bunch of grapes XIV 31. [AF] gras n. 1. herbage, grass XI 366, XIV 44, C VI 431; grazing C IV 49. 2. fig. herbal remedy C VI 84; repentance and forgiveness of sin XII 59, C VI 84, XIV 23. [OEgras] graunge, grange n. rural appurtenance of a great estate fig. XVII 74, C XIX 73.

85

greyn - grys

Glossary

VII 111, C VIII 126; seed C XII 185, XIII 23; pi. XIX/XXI 274. 3. particle, grain X 144, A XI 97, C XI 82. 4. in phr. of ~ through and through, thoroughly XVI 59. [AF grain] grekes n. pi. schismatic Greeks of the Eastern Church XV 390, 501, 605. [OE grecas] grene adj. 1. green XI 366. 2. of healthy growth, vigorous XV 102, XVI 59, C XVI 255; fig. XV 424, C XVII 48; live XVIII 48, C XX 45; tender, growing XIV 44, C XV 242. 3. unripe VI 281, 298, A VII 282, C VIII 303; as adv. C XVI 250. [OE grene] grepe see GRYPE. gret, greet adj. 1. large, big Pr 55, XIX/XXI 262, XX/XXII 113, A XII 69, CPr53, XVIII 62, 111; huge XX/XXII 215; comp. more ~ C XVIII 65; fat V 353, XIII 78, C XV 85; ~ wife childe XVIII 130, C XX 133. 2. notable XIV 37. 3. of high rank, grand IX 22, XIII 234, A X 21, C Pr 179; famous, eminent X 67, XV 82, A XI 53, C II 179, VIII 87; comp. XIX/XXI 128; superl. paramount 1X60, C X 154; most powerful XIV 256, C XVI 96. 4. of the deity pe ~ god the supreme deity II 29, A X 29, C XVI 256; comp. of a person of the Trinity more exalted XVII 182, C XIX 148; superl. C X 154. 5. as contextual int. great III 21, VIII 9, AV102, 1X9, C III 22; abounding 1X48; comp. XVIII 362, C XIX 297; intense XI 149, XIV 130, C XV 184, XX 342; grievous III 245, XVIII 98, A III 164, C III 223; strong XI 264; extreme V 447, XIV 235, XX/XXII 20, A V 2 1 9 , C VII 61; profane X51, A XI 37, C Pr 36; fig. II 93, A II 64, C II 100; pers. ~ opes V 306, A V 157, C VI 361; particular, close XIII 271; long IV 46, A IV 33; splendid XIII 362, C VI 261, XVIII 148; profuse II 149, All 113, C II 165; solemn II 70, CPrl37; violent VIII 39, A IX 35, C X 45; heavy C IX 259; puffed up CVI18; comp. better XVII 39; deeper XII 79; ~ Than more than equal to XVII 317, C XIX 297; as n.: coll. pe ~ the magnates IV 159; in phr. as ~ as high a price C III 89; so- so much wealth XII 253. [OE great] grete(n) v. 1. greet, welcome XVIII 175;

pa.t.lsg. XVI 226, C XVIII 242; 3sg. C IV 42; pa.t.pl. C XII 207; toast, drink to V 335, C VI 393. 2. pr.t.lsg. send greetings to X 174, A XI 126, CXI 114; pa.t.lsg. paid respects to X 227, A XI 170, C XI 136, XVIII 183; 3sg. XX/XXII 355. 3. pa.t.lsg. took leave of X224, A XI 166. [OEgretan] gretly, greetliche adv. magnificently XVIII 7, CXX6. [ME] gretter adv. comp. more severely XX/XXII 28, CPrl22. [ME] greut, greeut n. the earth, ground C XIII 23. [OE great] greuaunces n. pi. fig. uncomfortable swellings XII 59. [AF grevaunce] greue(n) v. 1. harm, injure IX 203, X 209, XIX/XXI 336, C V 58, XIII 60; pr.t.3sg. XVII 204, C III 92; pi. X 209; pa.t.Bsg. C IV 95; pr.subj.sg. C XVI 290; pr.subj.sg. hurts C XVI 121; fig. pp. C XIX 147; pr.t.3sg. aches C VIII 268. 2. afflict Pr 153, XIV 53, XIX/ XXI 219, C VIII 338; pr.t.2sg. XIV 113, C XV 289; afflict w. temptation XI 41; pr.subj.sg. XIV 230, C XVI 71; oppress XX/XXII 28. 3. offend VI 229, A VII 213, C VIII 235; distress XIII 73; pr.t.Bsg. angers XV 257; pa.t.3sg. C VI 111; pp. Pr 203, XV 47, C P r 2 1 1 ; pr.t.pl. trespass against C XI 25; refl. pr.t.3sg. becomes indignant VI 316; pa.t.Ssg. Pr 139. 4. cause anxiety, concern (to) XVII 19, C XIX 20; pr.t.3sg. troubles XI 281; pr.t.pl. make unhappy V 98, A V 78; make trouble for X292. [AFgrever] greuous adj. heavy, severe XIV 235, C XVI 76. [AFgrevous] griffyn, gryffyth n. man's name V316, C VI 373. grymadj. horrible V 353, C VI 411. [OE grim] grymly adv. sternly X 267; miserably A V207. [fr. adj.] grype n. act of grasping C XIX 147. [OE gripe] grype v. lay hands on, get hold of C III 283; pr.t.3sg. grips C XIX 128; grasps C III 89; accepts III 250, A III 229; pp. Ill 182, A III 169; intr. pr.t.3sg. takes hold XVII205, C XIX 171. [OEgnpan] grys ».(1) young pig C VIII 303; pi. Pr 227, A IV 38, CIV 49. [cp.OIgnss] 86

grys - haluebreberen

Glossary

hacches n. pi. gates, wickets C V 29. [OE htec\ hachet n. short-handled battle-axe III 306, CIII 459. [AFhachette] hayl n. shower of hailstones XIII 161, C XV 163. [OE hiegel\ hayl excl. of greeting in phr. Al ~ A XII 62. [cp.Olheill] hailsed, halsed v. pa.t.lsg. greeted V 102, A V 82, C X 10; 3sg. VII 166, A XII 79, pi. VII 166, A VIII 144, C IX 310. [cp. OI heilsa] hayward n. watchman and field keeper of a village or manor C V 16; fig. farm overseer XIX/XXI 332. [OE h<egweard] hakeneyman n. hostler, horse-coper V 310, AV161, VI 365, 378. [ME] hakeneys n. pi. saddle horses C II 178. [AF] hakke, hacky v. in phr. ~ after work away at, as w. a hoe XIX/XXI 401. [OE hacciari] half n. side II 5, A II 7, C II 5; pi C VIII 349; region, part C XVIII 66; pi of a marriage C II 58; in phr. on body ~ in front XIII 316; party, faction III 181, A III 168, CIII 227. [OE] half adj. amounting to one of two equal parts, half II 231, III 326, A VII 4, C V 133. [OE] halfpeny, halpeny adj. costing a halfpenny (per gallon) VI 305, A VII 289, C VIII 327. [OE healfpenig] halyday, holy day n. religious festival V 402, A VII 12, C IX 232; pi. VII 20, A VIII 22, C VI 272; day of rest XIII 414, CI124. [OE haligdag] halie v. drag, pull C X 94. [CF baler] halle n. great house, manorial hall A II 38; common or public room of a great house or castle, hall X 97, C VII 93; pi. V 590, A VI 77, C VII 237; westmynstre ~ the meeting place of Parliament XX/ XXII 133. [OEhealt\ hals n. neck Pr 170, A II 157, C Pr 196. [OE heals] halsed see HAILSED. halsede v. pa.t.lsg. entreated, adjured I 73, A I 71, CI70. [OEhdlsian] halsyng ger. embracing, fondling C VI 187. [MEfr. halsn.] haluebreperen n. half-brothers fig. XVIII 393, C XX 436. [cp. OI half-brofir]

grys n.(2) bv melon, fur-trimmed garments XV 221, C XVI 346. [AFgrw] grisly adj. fearsome XVIII 431, C XX 475. [OEgrisllc] grone v. be sick VI 258, A VII 242; pa.t.3sg. groaned XX/XXII 311. [OE grdnian] gronyng ger. discomfort, pain A XII 76. grope v. feel, touch XIII 346, XIX/XXI 170, CVI180; pr.t.Ssg. touches C XIX 128; palpates fig. XX/XXII 363. [OE grdpian] grote n. silver coin worth four pennies V 31, A V 1 3 8 , C VI 230; pi. Ill 138, A IV 113, C XVII 207. [MDugroot] ground n. 1. origin, source II 29, C III 354, XVII 141; basis V 285, XV 372, C XVII 108. 2. surface of the earth, ground V 18, A XI 96, C XIII 166; floor XII 201, C XIV 140; by ~ in extent XVIII 45, C XX 44. 3. the earth I 90, VI 229, A IX 35, C X 60; soil, earth C XVII 91; fig. XVI 62. [OE grund] groundep/?. ground into meal A VII 169; of spices in a sauce mixed, blended XIII 43, C XV 48; of a spear sharpened on a grindstone XVIII 78, C XX 80. [OE grinden] growe v. 1. grow C X 208; pr.t.Ssg. VI 119, A VII 111, C VIII 126; pi. XIX/XXI 313, C XII 224; pa.t.3sg. XIV 31; pi. XI 366, C XIII 176; fig. pr.t.Ssg. C XVIII 83; pa.t.3sg. C XVIII 7; pi. XVI 56, C XVIII 23; flourish XX/XXII 57, C XIV 23; pr.t.3sg. XII 60, C XIV 24; fig. XVI 9. 2. fig. increase, spread XV 424, C XX 400; pr.t.Ssg. pat forp ~ living creature C X 1 5 3 . [OE growan] growel n. thin porridge, gruel A VII 167. [AF] gruche v. grumble, complain C VIII 336; pa.t.lsg. C VI 111; pr.subj.sg. A X 116; pi. Prl53, VI 216, A VII 202, C Pr 173, VIII 226; pr.t.Ssg. is discontented VI 316. [AF grucher] gut, gottn. 1. belly 136, A I 34, C I 34; pi. X 58, A XI 44, C XI 39. 2. pi. entrails, guts IV 186, A XII 76, C VIII 175, XV 96. [OEguttaspL]

H habite n. clothing, (religious) habit Pr 3, A P r 3 , C P r 3 . [AF] 87

haluendele - harlot

Glossary

haluendele n. half part C VII 29. [OE healfan ddle] halwev. consecrate XV 529, C XVII 279. [OE hdlgian] hand, ho(e)nd n. 1. hand XV 122, A III 55, C XIX 112; pi. VIII 81, A VII 232, C VIII 258. 2. pi. by synec. manual labour V 286, VI 307, A VIII 63, C Pr 226, XVII 18; skill, manual craft XIII 297; prowess in combat XI 297, XIX/XXI 246, C XIII 111. 3. pi. custody, control X 438, C III 243; sg. in phr. in his ~ by the reins XVII 67, C XIX 66; vnder ~ made up by XV 455. [OE] handy dandy adv. covertly, secretly IV 75, A IV 61, CIV 68. [ME] handle v. 'search' wounds, palpate XX/ XXII 313; pp. dealt w. II 135, A II 99. [OE handlian] handlynge ger. touching XIV 56, C XV 255; caressing C VI 187. handmaiden, hondmayden n. maidservant XVI 98, C XVIII 131. [ME] handwhile n. short space of time XIX/XXI 272. [OE hand hwtl] hangeman n. executioner C VI 368. [ME] hange(n), honge(n) v. 1. hang Pr 170, C Pr 187; pa.t.Ssg. VI 61, A VII 56, C VIII 60; pi. I 174, A I 148, C I 170; imp.sg. IV 22, A IV 20; pp. fastened, attached Pr 176, C Pr 193; hang on the gallows XVIII 379, C XX 421. 2. w. cans. v. put to death by hanging C III 150; pr.t.3sg. Ill 141, A III 130, C III 179; imp.sg. Ill 113, A III 102; pp. V 234, CX240, XVII 138; refl. pr.t.pl. C X 163; pa.tJsg. I 68, A I 66; pp. V 279. 3. be suspended, hang II 196, XVII 6, A II 157, C XX 259; pr.t.Bsg. XV 214, CPr99; pi V 594, C VII 242. 4. dwell, persist XIII 390; pr.t.Ssg. clings C XIV 214; pp. Ill 181, A III 168, C III 227. 5. prp. ~ berinne belonging to it XII 292; in phr. nekke ~ head thrust forward V 136. [OEhangian] hangynge ger. death by hanging C III 408. hanselle, hansele, hansull n. toast of welcome V 318, A V 167, C VI 375. [cp. OE handselen] hap n. good luck, good fortune XII 106, XX/XXII 385, C III 298, XIV 51; pi. strokes of good fortune V 98, A V 78; gifts of grace A XII 111. [cp. OI happ]

happe v. befall, happen to III 286, A III 262, CIII 439; pr.Usg. C IX 113; turn out, happen VI 46; pr.subj.sg. XVI 87, C XVIII 119; chance, happen C XIII 47; trans, have the luck C XI 111; impers. w. dat. pa.t.sg. he had the good fortune C V95. [fr. n.] happily, hapliche adv. perhaps, maybe V 615, A VI 101, C VII 267. [ME] hard adj. 1. hard, solid XVII 11, C XIX 12. 2. hard, difficult IV 183, X 212, XX/XXII 335, A IV 146, C XVI 119. 3. violent, fierce XX/XXII 217, 300; distressing XIV 325; severe, bitter C III 400, XII 199. 4. unfeeling, cruel C XII 244; comp. I 191, A I 165, C I 187. [OE heard] harde adv. securely, tightly I 197, XVII 159, A I 171, C I 192; intently XI 85; strenuously Pr 21, A Pr 21, C Pr 23; violently, fiercely XX/XXII 216, 301; roughly XX/XXII 185; comp. more severely C Pr 122; superl. XII 179, C XIV 119. [OEhearde] hardy adj. brave, bold IV 60, XIV 308, A IV 47, C III 237, IX 266; comp. XIX/XIX 58; resolute XIX/XXI 290; insolent XVIII 77, C III 322; confident C III 299, 352; comp. XVII 108. [AF hardi] bardie v. encourage, hearten XV 437. [ME fr. adj.] hardier adv. comp. more confidently XIV 262, C XVI 102. hardiliche, hardelyche adv. actively, energetically VI 29, A VII 31, C VIII 28; comp. w. more assurance C VI 305. [fr. adj.] hardynesse n. courage XIX/XXI 31; insolence CXX79. [ME] harew. hare V417, C VII 32; pi VI 29, A VII 31, C VIII28. [OEhara] harewe(n) v. till w. a harrow, harrow XIX/XXI 268, 309, C V 19; pa.t.pl. XIX/XXI 272; imp.pl. XIX/XXI 315. [fr. harwe n.] harlot n. 1. outlaw XVII 111; pi. rogues, criminals XIV 183, XVII 279, C XIX 260; hired ruffians C III 301. 2. person of low birth XVIII 77. 3. ribald entertainer XIII 433, C VII 93; pi. VI 52, X 30, A VII 47, C XI 26. 4. pi. idle layabouts C VI 369; professional beggars IV 118, A IV 104, CIV 113. [AF] 88

harlotrie - haue(n)

Glossary

as an enemy V 116; pi XI 183; pa.t. Isg. VI01, A V 8 1 ; 3sg. XX/XXII 294, A X 151; pi. XVIII 302; pp. C VI 11. 3. pa.t.3sg. showed hatred for, punished III 279, A III 257, C III 432. 4. shun X 96. [OEhatian] hatrede, hattrede n. hostility, hatred III 141, A III 130, CIII 179. [ME] haubergeon n. coat of mail XVIII 23, C XX 22. [AF] haukes n. pi. hawks IV 125; gen.sg. V 431, C VII 44. [OEhafoc] haukyn n. Hawkyn the Active Man, Activa Vita XIII 272. haukynge ger. falconry, hunting game w. a hawk III 313, CIII 466. [ME] haunt n. frequent visits, resort XIV 253, C XVI 93. [AF] haunten, hauntep v. 1. pr.t.pl. are often guilty of, habitually sin by Pr 77, III 59, A Pr 74, C Pr 75; pr.subj.sg. are given to C XI 109. 2. pp. practised as an occupation C XV 196. [AF haunter] haue(n), han v. 1. possess, own, have VI 246, XI 273, XIII 201, A VII 230, C V 16; pr.t.lsg. I 138, V 259, A III 99, V 152, C I 137, VI 128, VII 44; 2sg. V 303, A V 153, C V 26, VI 341; 3sg. II 10, 25, A VII 229, C IX 89, 115; pi. Pr 37, VI 124, A VIII 117, CIII 118, 270; pa.t.Isg. XIII 309, C VI 57; 3sg. VI 239, A IX 80, C VI 262; pi. C XIII 6; pr.subj.sg. II 49, XI 23, A X 207, CVI 309; pi. VI 11, C VIII 10; pa.subj.sg. VI 1, XII 199; pi. IX 163, C X 254; pp. V 165, 431; intr. pr.t.lsg. have property VI 83, A VII 75, C VIII 92; pi. XV 331, 341; abs. pr.t.2sg. have the means C XVII 64; pr.subj.pl. had any C XV 35; intr. ~ of X 30. 2. acquire, come by, attain to, get Pr 27, XIII 357, A III 49, C Pr 29, IV 68; pr.tlsg. V 243, XVI 52; 3sg. Ill 335, XIV 217, C XVI 58; pi. I 183, XV 137, A X 193, C I 179; pa.t.lsg. V456, A V 2 2 8 , C VI 85; 3sg. XII 196, XIX/XXI 107, A V 193(2), C VI 310; pi. Pr49, VII 164, A Pr 49, C XIII 169; pr.subj.sg. XIII 260, find XX/XXII 385; pi. I 8, III 352, C I 8; pa.subj.sg. XIX 447, C VI 66, 113; pi. XI 74, C XII 22; abs. got possession C VI 265; intr. XIII 366; ~ a3eyne repossess C III 332; draw upon, have recourse to C XII 172. 3. receive, be

harlotrie n. 1. ribaldry, scurrility, bawdy entertainment IV 115, X 46, A IV 106, C VII 75, XI 26; bawdy story V 406, C VII 22. 2. sexual adventures XIII 353; dissolute behaviour XIII 430, C VII 90. [fr. n.] harm«. 1. injury, harm III 80, V 103, A III 69, C VI 109, IX 47; loss, trouble A IV 28; pi. IV 31. 2. calumny, slander C VI 117. [OEhearm] harme v. injure, harm A XI 252; pp. II 205, XIII 107, A II 166, C II 251; intr. pa.t.Bsg. did wrong, committed an offence III 141, A III 130, C III 179. [OE hearmian] harneis, barneys n. armour XV 221, C XVI 346. [AF] harpe n. in phr. in pin ~ to the tune of your harp A I 137. [OE hearpe] harpen v. play the harp XIII 231, C XV 205; pa.t.pl. XVIII 407, C XX 450. [OE hearpian] harpour n. minstrel Xiy 25. [AF and cp. OE hearpere] harrow excl. of distress, alarm XX/XXII 88. [AFharou] haspide see YHASPED. haste n. in ~ hurriedly, hastily XX/XXII 136; immediately VI 174, 242, 296, A VII 159, C XIV 175. [AF] hasteb v. refl. pr.t.Bsg. is coming in haste VI 322, A VII 303, C VIII 342; pa.t.2sg. hurried III 194, A III 181; imp.sg. C III 419. [AF barter] hastily, hasteliche, hastly adv. without delay, quickly XI 252, XIX/XXI 356, C XII 164; soon XX/XXII 167; superl. w. the least delay XIX/XXI 469. [ME: cp. AF hastij] hastitew. careless haste C XVII 118. [AF: cp. CF hastivete] hat(t) n. hat V 194, A VI 8, C VI 202. [OE bet] hater, hatur n. garment XIV 1, C IX 157. [OE beteru] haterynge ger. clothing, dress XV 78. [ME fr. prec.] hatien v. 1. detest, hate XV 106, C XVI 260; pr.t.lsg. XIII 235, C XV 213; 3sg. XIII 419, C VII 79; imp.sg. VI 50, A VII 45; fig. conflicts w. XIV 224, C XVI 120; pi. IV 115, A IV 106, C XVII 138; pa.t.pl. C IX 191; pp. V 384, IX 102, A V 2 1 2 , C V I 11. 2. pr.t.lsg. hate 89

haue(n) - heed

Glossary

given, have Pr 82, II 102, IV 88, A Pr 82, II 87, C II 35, III 101; pr.t.lsg. V 550, A VI 37, C XV 208; 3sg. Ill 221, VIII 55, A VI 39, CXI101;/?/. VII 11, IX 158, A VIII 86, C IX 175, XVI 3; pa.t.lsg. XI 408, XIII 244, C XIII 216; 3sg. II 143, V331, A V 1 8 0 , VII 223, C VI 146, VIII 279; pi. VII 18, 64, All 131, C I I 166, 1X43; pr.subj.sg. X 46, AV173, Clll 298; pi. Ill 72; A III 63; pa.subj.sg. V 324, XII 199, C VIII 195; pi. XV 315; accept VII 116(2), A VIII 98(2), C IX 290(2); imp.sg. IV 96, XIV 51, A IV 83, C IX 276; pi. X 296; pp. CXI 298; take in marriage III 111, A III 100, CIII 369, X261; ~ to house C IX 125; -in C XI 42; abs. receive alms C IX 70. 4. of a state or circumstances have Pr 57, 197, A V 240, C VII 99; pr.t.lsg. II 186, V 179, XIII 156, XX/XXII 385; A II 147, C XI 226; 2sg. V 285, XI 18, C XI 194; 3sg. I 127, II 234, A II 193, XI 24, C XII 2; pi. Ill 48, XV 358, A VII 291, C I 94, IX 96; pa.t.lsg. XIII 4, 384, C V 7, VI 114; 3sg. Ill 286, V91, 359, A X 29, C VII 294, IX 207; pi. XIV 122; pr.subj.sg. VII 67, A VIII 69, C IX 63; pi. XIV 172; pa.subj.sg. IV 65, A IV 51, C I V 69; ~ a fyndyng would have provided w. the necessities of life XX/XXII 383; pi. Pr 201, XIV 253, C III 385, XVI 93; imp.sg. XI 53, C XIX 83. 5. of power, supremacy have, possess III 168, A III 155, C XV 166; pr.t.2sg. A IX 47; 3sg. V 635, A X 62, C IX 115; pi. Ill 282, C XI 58; pa.t.3sg. Pr 109, C XVII 240; pr.subj.sg. II 49, C II 52; pa.subj.sg. V 104, A V 8 4 ; pi. Pr201, C Pr 219. 6. of emotion experience, have I 171, V 262; pr.t.lsg. V 176, XVIII 125, C XX 128; 3sg. V 610, XII 181, XIX/XXI 140, A VI 96, X 7, C XII 237; pi. X 318; pa.t.lsg. 171, A I 69; 2sg. V 466; pi. C I 1 1 1 , VI 194; imp.sg. XVIII 127; pi A XI 299. 7. of responsibility have Pr 109, C Pr 136; pr.t.lsg. VI 4, A VII 4, C VIII 2; 2sg. C IX 259; 3sg. V 604, A VI 91, C XV 224; pi. Pr 88, C VIII 85; 3sg. Pr 100, C Pr 128; have charge of XV 561, C XVII 224; indie, concern ~ ado/to doone IV 28, A IV 25, C V 163; indie, effect ~ adown/doun XX/ XXII 227, C XVIII 110; ~ out XVIII

254, C XX 263. 9. as perfective aux.il. Pr 178, A III 179, C III 259; pr.t.lsg. Pr 160, A I 182, C III 135; 2sg. II 121, A II 88, CIII 237; 3sg. Pr 64, A IV 87, C II 45; pi Pr 65, A Pr 62, C III 104; pa.t.lsg. V 4, XIX/XXI 1, A V 5; 3sg. 1155, A IV 35, C VI 330; pi. Pr 50, A III 242, C III 26; pr.subj.sg. V 383, A VII 263, X 169, C VI 295; pa.subj.l,3sg. 197, III 201, A VII 5, C III 258, 493; 2sg. V 234, C XIII 221; pi. Pr 185, A VII 170, C Pr 219. [OE habban] hauer n. as adj. in phr. ~ cake loaf made of oat flour A VII 266. [cp. OI hajr] hauylons n. ruses, tricks X 134. [AF haviluri] hawes n. hawthorn berries X 10, A XI 10, CXI 8. [OEhaga] haweporn, hauthorn n. hawthorn, whitethorn XVI 173, C XVIII 182. [OE hagaporn] he, a pron. 3sg. masc. 1. he Pr 68, A Pr 71, C P r l l S ; it V581, XV 349; w. red. stress a C Pr 72, 173, II 100; ace. dot. hym him Pr72, 188, A I 56, 143, C Pr 111, 139; it A I 36; re/7, himself Pr 139, 190(1), I 29, A II 173, V 55, C VIII 68, 194; w. impers. v. Pr 149, 172, VIII 33, A II 193, 1X29, CPrl70, 189; pron. as gen. his his due V 458, A V 230; hise his people XIII 252, XVII 272, XIX/XXI 219; as poss. adj. his Pr 72, 74, A I 27, 64, C Pr 70, 77, 90; distr. sg. XIX/XXI 216; inflec. w. pi n. hise Pr 78, 93, 154, A II 6, 171; as subj.gen. VI 95. 2. as indef. pron. some man V 132, C VI 97; in correl uses hym ... here this man ... that woman I 102, A I 100, C I 94, V 51; hym ... hym this man ... that man XIII 308, C VI 56. 3. as poss. adju. C XIX 314. [OE] he(e) see HEO. hed(e), heed n. attention XI 111, 322, C XII 45, 219; note, heed X 88, XIII 315, A VIII 78, XI 149, CIX71, XI 68, 244. [ME] heed, hed, heued, heuid n. 1. head II 34, 202, A IV 64, 146, C VII 202, X 179; pi. VI 327, XX/XXII 187; by melon. headdress V 31, A V 31, C V 133. 2. mind, seat of the mind IX 58, A X 49, 60, C X 174. 3. (political) head XIX/ 90

heed - help

Glossary

loftily III 85, A III 74, C III 84; so ~ from such a height XVIII 312. 2. superl. most deeply XII 144. 3. solemnly V 579, A VI 66, C VII 226. 4. loud II 74, A II 56. 5. stonden ~ be expensive III 48, A III 47, CIII 51. [OEheah] hei3liche adv. for a high wage VI 312, A VII 296, C VIII 334; splendidly XV 526, generously, handsomely C III 252; sincerely A XI 247; wholly, to the full C VIII 89. [OEheahlice] heighness, heynesse n. in phr. ~ of herte pride of life XX/XXII 153. [OE heahness] heyne n. man's nickname (for Henry) V 111, A V 9 1 . heir, eyer, ayr n. inheritor, heir XVI 232, C X 241; pi. II 102, A IX 80, C III 322; descendants III 279, A III 257, C III 432; spiritual descendants VII 4, A VIII 4, CIX4; inheritors C V 59. [AF] heyre, haire n. sackcloth, hair-shirt V 65, AV48, CVI6. [OEhzre] helde v. pr.t.pl pour A X 60. [OE heldan, hyldan] hele n. 1. heel X 128, A XI 81. 2. bottom crust VII 200, A VIII 178, C IX 346. [QEhela] hele(n), heele v. 1. cure, heal XX/XXII 356; pa.t.3sg. XVI 112, XIX/XXI 131; pp. VI 192, XIV 97; abs. IX 206, C X 305; pa.t.3sg. improved (their) condition A VII 179; imp.sg. C VIII 224. 2. give spiritual comfort to XVII 121; abs. XX/ XXII 282. [OEhcelan] helien, hele v. cover XII 231, C IX 157; pa.t.pl. C XIII 163; imp.sg. conceal XX/ XXII 339; pp. roofed A VI 77, C VII 237; ~ counseil keep a secret V 168. [OE helian, helan] See HILED. helyng ger. in phr. an ~ recovering XVII 118. helynge ger. clothing, dress C XVI 237. helle n. 1. the place of eternal punishment, hell I 115, A I 168, C III 328; damnation in hell XVIII 332, A V 240, C VII 88. 2. limbo, the Limbus Patrum XVI 247, C VII 133, XX 181. 3. by melon, the devil I 198, A I 172, C X 285; the diabolic occupants of hell XVIII 262, 266, C XX 270. [OE] helm n. helmet XVIII 23, C XX 22. [OE] help n. 1. assistance, help X 244, XVIII 139, 399, A XI 301, C XV 236; sub-

XXI 471, C III 380; pi. governors C XVII 86; high-ranking clergy XV 430, C XVII 230. 4. fig. origin, source I 164, XIX/XXI 469, C I 160, XVII 140. [OE heafod] he(e)le n. 1. good health, physical wellbeing VI 259, XIV 172, XIX/XXI 104, A VII 243, C III 298, V 7; pers. XX/ XXII 153; recovery XIII 341, C XIX 84. 2. spiritual welfare V 531, XIX/XXI 388, A VI 19, C XVII 140; spiritual well-being XX/XXI 385, C I 86. 3. happiness and prosperity XIII 341, XIX/XXI 471. [OEhelu] heep, hep n. crowd Pr 53, VI 187, A Pr 50, C P r 5 1 ; company, group V 231, C VI 235; large number V 317, 327, A V 166, C XVI 205; pack X 314, C V 1 6 0 ; gang XIV 308; brynge to ~ bring about, accomplish CX190. [OE heap] heep n. open wasteland, heath XV 459. [OE he]>] heggen v. train and maintain farm hedges CV19. [fr. n.] hegges n.pl. hedges III 133, A III 122, C VIII 29. [OEhecg] he3ede see HYE; hehte, heihte see HOTE. hei3, hey, hy(e) adj. 1. high I 158, XIII 61, C I 154; lofty II 33, XI 81. 2. exalted I 73, XII 139, A XI 313, C XVII 262; on high XII 40; superl. greatest X 459, A XI 303; absolute C VIII 137; notable XII 132, C XIV 76; profound XV 78, C XVI 237. 3. of social rank noble X 104, C II 84, 1X202; comp. more honoured II 28, A II 21, C II 30. 4. proud V 67, A V 50, C VI 8; arrogant XX/XXII 116. 5. solemn V 275, XIII 414, C IV 113, VI 182; sacramentally baptized X 356, A XI 239. 6. principal, main 1164, IV 42, A VII 4, C VII 249; superl. fullest, most entire A X 45. 7. ~ tyme the fullness of time C XVIII 138; ~ prime full prime, nine o'clock VI 112, A VII 104, C VIII 119. pi. as n. grand folk X 370; comp. advancement A X 101; an/on ~ aloft, on high Pr 13, A Pr 13, C II 137; up the tree C XVIII 105; into a pulpit XI 107, C XII 41; in a loud voice XV 559, A XII 27, C XVII 222; extreme C VI 124. [OE heah] hei3(e), hey, hye adv. 1. high I 174, XI 361, XII 243, A I 148, C XIV 176; 91

help - heo

Glossary

vention IV 125; source of strength XI 219, XIV 256, A X 49, C III 338; support V 637, VI 244, A VI 122, C III 245, IV 68; favour C XI 44; pi. benevolent graces XIII 398. 2. ally, supporter VIII 45, XIX 472, A IX 41, C VI 169; rescuer XVII 59, C XIX 58. [OE] helpe(n) v. 1. give aid (to sbody), help VI 245, X 369, XIII 389, A VIII 7, C X 189, XVI 44; pr.t.Bsg. V 429, 1X88, C X 84; pa.t.3sg. XIX/XXI 131; pr.subj.sg. XI 211, C XII 118; pa.subj.sg. A XI 31; imp.sg. C XV 141. 2. help (sbody do sthing), assist V 275, VI 104, A VII 96, C IV 192, VI 297; pr.t.Ssg. VI 65, A VII 59; pi. A VII 98, C VIII 66; pa.t.3sg. XIX/XXI 374; pi. VI 106, 116, A VII 108, C VIII 113; imp.pl. VI 20, A VII 22. 3. come to the aid of, succour VII 43, XVII 289, A IV 60, C VIII 232; pr.subj.sg. VII 199, XI 221, C III 209; pi IX 79, XII 118; imp.sg. XIX/XXI 212; pr.subj.sg. rescue XVIII 200, C XX 205; pp. V 624; imp.sg. XVIII 54; intr. XX/XXII 228; re/I, look after ... self XVII 196, C XX 54. 4. support, maintain Pr 76, I 17, VI 209, A Pr 73, C I 17, IX 33, 125; pr.t. pi. Ill 242, C V 4 8 ; imp.sg. C XVII 62; pp. VII 71, XV 134, CXI 26; enrich C III 252. 5. intr. give aid, help 1X206, A VII 228, C X 185, XIX 140; pr.tJsg. VIII 87, A IX 78, C XIV 15; pr.subj.sg. IX 173, A X 194, C IV 176; pa.subj.sg. X46; imp.sg. XX/XXII 228, C XVII 64; favour C XI 185; advance the interest of III 204, A III 191, CIII 261; intr. be of avail III 177, A III 164, C VIII 137; w. contextual sense instruct, teach C XIV 55; pp. XVII 63; fig. C XIII 131; bring to a state of grace XVII 258; pr.t.Ssg. C XIX 224; fig. sustains VIII 44, A IX 40; pr.subj.sg. in asseverations III 250, A III 8, C I V I L [OEhelpan] helple(e)s adj. unable to help themselves C IX 176; without support IX 72; ~ of strengpe feeble VII 100, A VIII 82; of no avail, no help XV 458. [ME] helpe n. physical well-being, health XII 2, C XVI 137; spiritual benefit XI 230, C VII 176. [OEhelft hemself pron. pi. 1. as emph. subj. they themselves X 268, XVIII 306, A V 35,

C V 165. 2. as emph. adju. themselves XII 122, XIX/XXI 149, A IV 107, C XIV 65. 3. asrefl.obj. themselves IV 31, XII 78, A IV 28, C X 163. 4. as obj. of prep. IV 122, A V 12, C Pr 135; each other C III 335; by ~ as solitaries XV 274; distinct XVII 167; of their own accord C XIV 72. [OE heom selfum] hende adj. mannerly V 258, XV 216, XX/XXII 188; inpers. ~ speche courteous XX/XXII 348, 354; kind C VIII 47, XI 42; biddable IX 20, A X 19, C X 146; submissive A II 52. [OE gehende] hendely adv. politely V 102, A V 82, C XVIII 183; graciously III 29, A III 28, C III 30; w. duly submissive courtesy XVI 98, C XVIII 131. [fr. adj.] hendenesse n. natural nobility XIX/XXI 31; generosity of spirit XX/XXII 145, C XI 13, XVIII 13. [OEgehendnys] hendeb v. pr.t.3sg. holds (in his grasp) A XII 67. [OEgehendan] henne adv. away, hence IV 190, A IV 153, VIII 81. [OEheonan] hennes adv. of motion from this place, away VI 278, XVIII 272, A VII 262, C IV 184; out of this life 1178, III 245, A V 230, C IX 53; as adj. absent C V 80; fro- XVIII 400, C XX 443; of distance from here IX 1, A X 1, C XX 167; of time henceforward III 109, A III 98; ago, past CV35. [ME] hente(n) v. 1. seize, grasp, take hold of XIV 240, C XIX 140; pa.t.Ssg. V 506, XIV 36, XX/XXII 167, A VII 159; pi. VI 187, A VII 175, C VIII 183. 2. possess V67, A V 50, C VI 8; pa.t.Ssg. overcame V 5, A V 5. [OE hentan] heo pron. sg. fern. 1. she III 29, V 624, IX 56, A I 10, II 18, III 7; hee C XXII 198; he AV113, C I 68, II 23, III 77, 161, VI 4; acc.dat. her: hir V 154, X 224, XI 32; hire I 58, III 4, 158, A II 1, III 4; her C X 262, XII 73; here C III 4, VI 129; gen. as poss. adj. hir IV 50, V 26; hire I 10, 184, A II 19, III 42; her A XII 47, C II 124, XII 13; here A II 11, C I 10, II 127(2), IV 48(1); hure A XII 39, 41. 2. pron. refl. hire III 44(1), 170, IV 94, A III 43, 157; here C III 46(1), VI 3; w. n. as gen. marker XII 46. [OE heo, hire] See A, SHE.

92

herafter - heron

Glossary

pr.t.lsg. XVIII 261, C VI 332, XI 218; pa.t.lsg. Prl93, XI 66, C XV 176; 3sg. II 115, 208, A IV 138, V 191, C Pr 95, II 76; pi. V 343, XV 559, A VII 227, C VI 401, XVII 222; pp. X 104, C III 98. 2. listen to, hear (deliberately) IV 8, 115, V 406, A IV 8, C VI 435, VII 40; pr.t.3sg. XV 58; pa.t.3sg. XIII 101; pi. VI 243, A VII 227; pa.t.3sg. heard and noted V 327, A V 176; imp.sg. VI 52, A VII 47, C VIII 50; of a confessor V 141, XX/XXII 328; intr. imp.sg. listen, heed VI 212, A VII 198; imp.sg. inpers. IX 20, A X 19, C X 146. 3. attend, hear (a religious service) V 2, 300, XIX 3, A V224, C IX 228; pa.t.lsg. XIII 383, C VI 272; pp. V 454, A V 226, C VII 68. 4. of the deity heed and answer X 79, C XI 59; pr.t.3sg. XVII 258, C XIX 224. 5. hear, learn (of) Pr 4, XIII 419, XX 350, A P r 4 , C VI 116, X 109; pr.t.lsg. XII 23; pp. learned C XIII 128; ~ telle, seyn Pr 164, XVI 249, A VIII 1, C XIX 166. 6. audit, hear (in judgement) V 420, C VII40. [OEgeheran] herforeadv. because of this XX/XXII 294. [ME] herie v. praise A XI 247; pp. commended, esteemed XIV 210, C XVI 51. [OE heriari] heryng ger. the sense of hearing A X 52. [OE gehering] herlnne, hereynne adv. into this place XX/XXII 342; in this house C XVII 39. [ME] heritage, eritage n. 1. inheritance XIV 294, C XVI 149; inheritable property C X241. 2. spiritual inheritance, an allotted place X347, A XI 239. [AF] herkene v. imp.sg. listen attentively, take heed C VIII 222. [OE he(o)rcnian] hernes n. hiding places II 236, A II 195, C II 252; corners XVIII 404, C XX 447. [OE hyrne] herodes n. Herod Tetrarch of Judea (Mat. 14) CX178. herof, hereof adv. about this matter V 116, VII 1, X 249, A VIII 1, C XI 144, XVI 35; of this C VI 436, XIX 251; to this matter XVIII 237, C XVIII 212; because of this XIX/XXI 140. [ME] heron adv. about this subject XIII 131; as quasi-n. clawej) ~ take hold of, grasp this X289. [ME]

herafter, heraftir, heraftur adv. 1. henceforward VII 124, A IX 15, C X 19. 2. presently, in due course XVII 80. [OE] herafterward adv. in due course X 119. [ME] heragein, herayein 1. adv. in opposition, to the contrary XIV 189, C XIX 111. 2. as adj. opposed to this 1X148, C X 236. [ME] heraud n. royal officer w. charge of ceremony and proclamations, herald XIV 25, XVI 247, C XVIII 265; ~ of armes marshall of a tournament XVIII 16, C XX 14; pi. XX/XXII 94; royal envoy XVI 177, XVII 134, C XVIII 185. [AF] herber, erber n. garden XVI 15, C XVIII 5. [AF] herberwe, herborw n. shelter, place of protection and refuge X 412, C XI 245. [OE herebeorg] herberwe, herborwe v. 1. lodge, accommodate A II 38; pp. V231, C VI 325; pa.t.Bsg. arranged lodging for XVII 76. 2. store safely XIX/XXI 318. [OE herebeorgian] herberwyng ger. lodging on a journey, accommodation XIV 141, C XVI 9. herbyaJv. by this means C VI 121. [ME] herde n. shepherd C IX 266, 274. [OE] here adv. 1. in this place here III 186, VI 66, A III 173, VII 119, CXI 169, XVIII 268; here (in my hand) II 69, XIV 38, XVII 3, C XV 237, XIX 4; here (into this country) V 249, XIII 393, XV 444, C III 235; to this place here XVIII 265, XX/XXII 88, C IV 33. 2. in this instance I 172, IX 146, A I 146, C I 168; in this particular X I 1 2 ; at this point XIII 71. 3. here on earth, in this life 19, 16, III 72, A V 2 1 9 , C VI 238, VIII 43. 4. at this time, here and now Pr 38, V 198, XI 416, A P r 3 8 , C VIII 133, XV 114, XX 394. [OEM hereaboute adj. busily concerned w. this C X 192. [ME] heremyte, er(e)myte n. person (genuinely or professedly) living a solitary life for pious reasons, hermit Pr 3, XIII 30, 284, XV 276, A Pr 3, C VI 368; pi. Pr 28, 53, A P r 2 8 , 50, C V 4, 1X140, 189, 202. [AF hermite] here(n), heere v. 1. hear Pr 170, XII 246, XIV 163, A Pr 97, C IV 157, VII 74;

93

herte - hider

Glossary

herte n. heart 1174, XI 115, XV 517, XIX/XXI 171, A X 45, C XX 87; body around the heart, breast V 124, A V 101, C VI 89; pi. A VI 50. 2. the innermost self I 142, 164, A X 78, XI 57, C I 160, XIX 300; fig. XVI 15; of (his/byn) ~ heartfelt, sincere XIII 140, C XVI 29; sincerely C XIX 331. 3. mind, understanding 141, 165, V 606, A VIII 132, CVI289, XI 228, XVI 211; pi. Ill 304; haue at ~ XV 259. 4. of emotional state spirit, heart III 339, V 70, 75, XIV 100, A V 93, VII 65, C II 16, VI 146, 1X266; pi. Ill 199, VI 214, C XIX 204; distr. sg. A VIII 87. 5. of attitudes heart, intent, will V401, XIII 278, C III 352, VI 332; pi. dispositions C IV 36, XIV 25. [OEheorte] herted adj. disposed, inclined: proude ~ XV 201; lowe- XX/XXII 37. [fr. n.] hertely adv. w. a good will C XV 141. [OE geheortiliche] herte th see HURTE. Hertford shire n. Hertfordshire V 355, C VI 413. herto, hereto adv. to this II 142, IV 183, A II 106, C IV 177; for this purpose IX 37. [OE] heruest, heruist, heruost n. 1. autumn, fall of the year VI 299, A VII 283, C V 7, VIII 67, 321. 2. the time of bringing in the cereal crops VI 66, 114, A VII 60, CVI112. 3. the harvested corn VI 290, A VII 274, C VIII 313; the cereal crop XII 200. [OE berfest] heruy«. man's name, Harvey V 189, A V 108, C VI 197. herwith adv. because of this XIII 156; by means of this C XVIII 28; w. this C XII 161. [ME] heste n. command III 113, A III 102, C XVIII 249; prohibition A X 142; pi. directions, orders C VIII 212; commandments II 83, A VIII 167, C XIII 68. [OE htest] heten. 1. heat XVII 231, C XIX 197; fig. C XVI 181, XVIII 75; hot weather XIII 161, C I 124, VIII 248. 2. fever XIV 59, XV 271, C XVI 258. [OE hete] heben n. heathen, pagan X 354, A XI 237; coll. heathen people X 369, A XI 251; the term 'heathen' XIV 459. hebene adj. heathen, pagan XV 458, XIX/XXI 348. [OEhtefen]

hethynesse n. paganism XV 443. [OE h<epenes\ hebyng n. contemptible thing, object of scorn IV 118, A IV 104. [OE hefing] heuene n. 1. the divine abode, celestial kingdom, heaven, paradise Pr 127, A I 109, C P r l 3 3 ; by melon, the deity AX 46, C VI 317; place in heaven XII 40; admission to heaven as the reward of virtue III 50, X 357, A XI 240, C II 38, V 59. 2. as a criterion of bliss heaven I 9, III 72, A I 9, C V 152; pi. C XVI 9. 3. the celestial region I 120; the firmament I 122, X 230, A XI 173; the expanse of the heavens XX/XXII 276; the sky XIV 66, C XV 265; in the next world XX/XXII 194. [OE heofone] heueneriche, heuenriche n. gen. of the kingdom of heaven Pr 27, A Pr 27, C XII 159. [OE heofena nee] heueneward n. in phr. to ~ to salvation X 339, AX1221; fig. XIV 212, C XVI 53; as far as attaining heaven is concerned XV 458. [ME] heuy adj. 1. heavy IV 22, A IV 20; comp. CXI VI05; super 1. V 240, C VI 242. 2. unhappy, dismal IV 165, V 75, XI 27, A V 58, C IV 160, VI 63; in adv. phr. ~ chered dismally XX/XXII 2. [OE heftg] heuy adv. in phr. so ~ it semed it was such a great weight I 153, C I 149. heuynesse n. the burden of grief XVIII 247, C XX 256. [OE heftgness] hewe n. servant C VIII 195; pi. IV 107, A IV 55, C IV 102; servile tenant C X 216; labourer V 552, C III 308; pi. XIV 134, C I 124. [OE: cp. WS hiwan] hewe v. imp.sg. strike XVII 248, C XIX 214. [OEheawan] hewes n. shapes, forms XI 366, C XIV 158. [OEhiw,heow] hide(n), huyde v. conceal, hide XIX/XXI 457; pr.t.3sg. C X 242; pa.t.pl. XI 352, C XIII 163; pp. X 437; reft. pa.t.Ssg. XVII 111; pi. XVIII 404, C XX 447; pa.t.Ssg. disappeared XIX/XXI 102; intr. keep back, withhold C XIX 127; hide away, hoard XX/XXII 124. [OE hydari] hider, hiddere, hidore, heddere adv. to this place XX/XXII 333, A XI 179, C XV 236, XX 336; here XVIII 291, XX/XXII 321. [OE] 94

hiderward - holde(n)

Glossary

C II 178. [OE hyr] hired, huyrid pp. engaged, employed VI 114, A VII 106, C VIII 334. [OEhyrian] hireself, heresulue pron. fern, as emph. subj. she herself III 144, A III 137, CIII 208; as obj. of prep, herself XVIII 245, C XX 254; by ~ separately XVIII 289. [OE hire + selfre] hitselue pron. neut. refl. itself I 154, C I 150. [ME] hit(te), hutte v. 1. strike, hit XII 106, C XIV 51; pr.t.3sg. C XX 383; pa.t.Ssg. V 164, XX/XXII 103, 190, A VII 166; intr. XVI 87, C XVIII 119; intr. pr. subj.sg. come by chance C XI 111. 2. pa.t.Ssg. threw down V 321, A V 170, C VI 378. [OE hyttan and cp. OI hitta] hobelide v. pa.t.pl. staggered and fell A I 113. \MDuhobbelen] hogge n. nickname for Rodger A V 161. hogges«. pigs, hogs VI 181, A XI 10, C XI 8. [OEhogg] hoked pp. 1. shaped like a hook VIII 97, A IX 87, C X 9 4 ; w. hooked handles Pr 53, A Pr 50, C Pr 51. 2. barbed XX/XXII 226. [OEhoced] hokes n. pi. hook-shaped hinges V 594, C VII 242. [OEhoc] holdeadj. faithful VI 131, A VII 123, C VIII 195. [OE hold] holde(n), halden v. 1. take hold, hold Pr 154, C P r l 7 4 , XIX 157; paA.pl V 343, A V 191, C VI 401; pr.t.3sg. holds onto, grasps XVII 159, C VI 420; pi. I 44, XII 251, A I 42; intr. XVII 191, C XIX 157; hold (out to sbody) C V 161; pr.t.pl. have in hand, in possession A II 36; pa.t.pl. hoarded up C X 86; retain, keep II 102, VIII 97, A II 67, C XIX 127, 140; pa.t.Ssg. C XIII 9; pi. C XVII 22; maintain III 151, A III 140, C III 189; pa.t.Ssg. XV 142; pi. C IX 207; contain I 120, 153, C I 149; pr.t.Ssg. comprises C XVIII 194; pi. XVII 162; pp. confined XV 265; ~ out exclude, keep out V 587, A VI 74; pr.t.Ssg. ~ withoute C XVI 367; ~ vnder submit to XII 37; imp.sg. sustain VI 214, A VII 200; abs. resist, maintain a defence XVIII 249, C XX 258; pr.t.pl. ~ togideres are close associates I 57, A I 55, C I 53; pr.subj.pl. work to the same end Pr 66, A Pr 63; ~ ... pennes ... keep

hiderward, hiderwardes adv. to this place XVIII 307, A VII 303, C XX 341. [OE] hye v. re/I, betake (himself) at once C VIII 205; pa.t.lsg. V 376, 3sg. XX/XXII 324; pp. A VII 165. [OE higian] hij, hypron. 3pl. they Pr 66, 1191, A Pr 63, II 25, III 65; ace. dat. hem them Pr 70, 147, A I 21, III 20, C Pr 68, II 49; themselves Pr 106, 108, XI 393, A IV 63, C X 274; refl. dir. or indir. obj. themselves Pr 20, 36(2), 46, 130, A Pr 25, IV 132, C II 57, III 398; for themselves Pr 36(1), III 83, C III 87, VIII 185; w. impers. v. Pr 60, I 107(2), A P r 3 7 , II 110, C I I I 171, V 148; hir, her, here gen. pron. of them II 67, XII 161, XVIII 65, C III 366, XVI 80; as poss. adj. hir their Pr 180, I 99; hire Pr28, 30, A P r 9 4 , III 252; her C VIII 82, 175; here XII 120, A I 95, II 67, C Pr 30, I 93. [OE hie, hi, him, heom, him, heora] hikke n. nickname for Richard V 310, A V161, C VI 365. hiled v. pa.t.Ssg. covered XII 233; pi. concealed XI 352; pp. roofed V 590, A VI 77. [cp. OI hylja] See HELIEN. hilles see HULLE. hymselue(n), hymsulf, hymsulue(n) pron. 1. emph.: as app. himself I 64, II 172, A I 44, 85, C II 41, III 417; as nom. subj. he himself Pr 70, 206, A III 64, C Pr68, VII 112. 2. as refl. obj. himself III 310, V 51, A X 74, C X 1 8 2 , XIV 41; w. extended sense his own character XI 389, C XIII 207. 3. as obj. of prep. himself I 172, IV 45, A I 111, V 235, C III 133, X 133; itself V 219, XIV 283, XVII 176, A V 135, C XX 160; by ~ distinct, discrete, separate XVI 185, C XVIII 194; in his own estimation XIII 282; of ~ of its own accord C XVII 49; dat. w. impers. v. XII 166. [OE him selfum] hynde n. female red deer, hind XV 279, C XVII 9. [OEhind] hyne n. servant, labourer VI 131, XIII 363, A VI 39, C VI 262; pi. A IV 42; lackey, servile creature Pr 39, A Pr 39. [OE: cp. hyen, higan, hina pi.] hippinge see HUPPE. hire, huyre, here n. wage, payment for service II 123, III 72, A VI 37, C III 302, IX 274; rent C IX 74; to ~ for hire 95

holde(n) - hoom

Glossary

away from there V453, A V 225, C VII 67; imp.sg. restrain XVIII 146, XIX/XXI401, C XX 149; ~ lowe keep down IV 22; behave humbly V 67, A V 50, C VI 8; refl. remain, stay VI 200, A VIII 5, C IX 5; pr.t. pi. Pr 28, A Pr 28, C Pr 30; pa.t.lsg. A XII 75; pr.subj.pl. XIX/XXI 356, XX/XXII 75; pa.subj.pl. XIX/XXI 421; imp.sg. XX/XXII 205; pa.t.Bsg. set up his defence XX/XXII 297; ~ wib side w., support I 102, A I 100, C I 94; pr.t.pl. Ill 242; pa.t.pl. XIX/XXI 370, C I 109; prp. C III 380; imp.sg. have to do, consort w. VI 52, A VII 47, C VIII 50. 2. obey, keep, observe V 45, A VI 94, C IX 222; pr.t.pl. VII 20, 90, A VIII 22, C IX 167; imp. sg. V 579, A VI 66, C VII 226; pp. X 297, XX/XXII 280, C V 157; pp. morally obligated V 275, XV 570, A XI 247, C XIX 39; prp. for pp. C VI 297, VIII 103; under obligation, beholden XII 274, XX/XXII 365, C XIV 196. 3. conduct, preside over V 420, C VII 33; pp. engaged in V 225, A V 141, C VI 233. 4. consider, regard as V 333, A V 182, C VI 391; pr.t.lsg. XIX/XXI 460, C III 299, X 287; 3sg. X 391, XVII 108, C III 387; pi. A XI 271, C III 87, VIII 74; pa.t.3sg. XI 70, XX/XXII 145, A IV 136; pi. PrlSO, C Pr 197; pp. 184, V 258, A VIII 75, C IX 337, XVII 112; pr.t.3sg. believes X 391; pr.t. pi. ~ no tale of take no account 19, A I 9, C I 9. [OE haldan] holdyng ger. grasping meanness C XII 244. hole n. 1. bunghole XIX/XXI 399. 2. burrow, nest XX/XXII 44. [OE hoi] hole, hool adj. 1. whole, entire C VII 258; sincere C III 352; of kinship fig. full XVIII 377, C XX 419. 2. not in rags, decently mended VI 59, XIV 1, A VII 54. [OEhdl] holy, haly adj. 1. sacred, holy A XII 13; of a particular church hallowed V 300, A V 150; of preaching and teaching sainted XV 450. 2. saintly, devoted to a virtuous life XII 23, XIII 295, C VI 40, IX 188; righteous XVI 84, C XVIII 115; to ben ~ to attain spiritual perfection XX/XXII 252. [OEhdlig] holynesse n. 1. sanctity C XVIII 158; virtuous conduct X 296, XV 92, C II 84,

XI 13; fig. XIX/XXI 363; pers. XI 44. 2. ostentatious pious acts, show of piety, pious cant IV 118. 3. reform, conversion to righteousness C IV 113. 4. sarcastic exalted religious rank XIX/XXI 421. [OE hdlignes] holly adv. entirely, wholly III 113, A III 102, C III 150; from beginning to end XIX/XXI 3, C IX 232; together, in a group XVII 28, C XIX 29. [ME fr. adj.] holwe, holewe, holow adj. gaunt, hollowcheeked V 189, A V 108, C VI 197. [OE holh] homage n. ritual acknowledgement of lordship XII 154, C XIV 98. [AF] homliche adj. at home, familiar X 96. [ME] homward adv. homeward III 194, A III 181. [OEhdmweard] honeste(e) n. righteous living XV 92, C XVI 243. [AF] honest(e) adj. 1. upright, honourable C XVII 34. 2. appropriately excellent XIX/XXI 94. [AF] hony n. honey XV 57, C XVI 219. [OE hunig] honouren v. 1. confer distinction on III 211, A III 198, CIII 267; adorn VI 12, A VI 12, C VIII 11; pp. glorified XV 526, C XVII 276. 2. welcome w. reverence XII 149, C XIV 93; venerate XV 447; pr.t.pl. ironic XV 544, C XVII 206; pa.t. pi. revered XV 548, C XVII 210; pr.subj.pl. C XX 267; pp. XV 532, C XVII 282; worship C V 105, XVII 153; pr.t.pl. XV 606, C XVII 134. 3. show respect for C II 177, XIV 43; treat w. respect A XI 247, C XVIII 92; pp. C VI 40; imp.pl respect and obey V 567, A VI 54, C VII 214; pp. admiured C XIV 179. [AF honurer] honurably adv. in a fitting manner XII 154, C XIV 98. [ME fr. AF honurable] hood, hod, hoed n. soft head-covering, hood V31, 194, A VII 253, C VIII 290. [OE hod] hoom, horn, hoem n. place of abode, habitation, home III 99, A III 88, C XI 44; pi. C III 127; seat, place of repose IX 57, A X 45. [OE ham] hoom, horn, hoem adv. home V 29, VI 200, A VII 33, C IV 56; bar ~ returned to the lender VI 99, A VII 91, C VIII 108; fer ~ a long journey home 96

hoom - hous

Glossary

C XII 199; pi A XI 183. [OE bus bonda] hostele v. provide lodging for XVII 121. [AF hosteler] hostiele n. lodging on a journey C XIII 64. [AF hostel] hostilern. 1. innkeeper XVII 76, C XIX 76; fig. XVII 118. 2. stableman of an inn V 321, A V 170, C VI 389, 391. [AF] hostrie n. inn XVII 76. [AF] hote, hatte, heet, hi3te v. 1. command, order pr.t.lsg. VI 259, XVI 134, A VII 245, C VIII 89; 3sg. Ill 264, V 545, A III 244, C IX 220; pi. X 62, A XI 48, C VIII 89; pa.t.3sg. Pr 102, III 9, A I 17, C I 17, XVIII 105; pr.subj.sg. XVIII 392; pa.t.3sg. imposed on V 398, C VII 14; imp.sg. ~ out raise the alarm C XX 287; pp. II 221, A II 180, commanded C XIII 45; intr. pr.t.lsg. II 200, A II 168, C VIII 85. 2. pr.t.lsg. assure, promise VI 231, A VII 215. 3. pr.t.lsg. have the name, am called XV 24, A II 140, C XVI 186, 198; 2sg. XX/XXII 339; 3sg. V 573, XV 415, A VII 43, X 7, C II 31, X 144; pi. V 577, A VI 64, C VII 224; pa.t.3sg. XI 27, XVI 91, A XI 1, C XVIII 4; pp. called, named 163, A XI 105, C VI 309; of a text pr.t.3sg. reads, is worded C III 498. [OE hdtan] hound n. dog V 258, A XI 48, C VI 413; pi. watchdogs X 293; hunting or coursing dogs, hounds IV 125, X314, C V 160; gen. -breed dog biscuit VI 214, A VII 200, C VIII 224. [OE bund] houped pa.t.3sg. shouted, cried out VI 172, A VII 157, C VIII 168. [OE hwopan, AF huper] houre n. 1. hour XIV 12. 2. pi. devotional exercises prescribed for particular canonical hours Pr 97, XV 386, A I 157, CPr 125, I 179. [AF] hous n. 1. dwelling, house XVII 325, A III 88, XII 53, C VI 353; pi. X 96, C III 96. 2. building XIX/XXI 318, A II 38; pi V 590, A VI 77, C VII 237; establishment C XVIII 158. 3. shelter, place of repose and safety X 412. 4. household X 233, XV 142, A XI 176, C IX 207. 5. religious community, friary V 265, 268; confraternity III 63, A III 52. 6. pi places of resort XIV 253, C XVI 93; to - home (w. them/us) II 222, A II

XIX/XXI480. [OEhdm] hoor, hoer adj. grey-haired, grey VI 83, XX/XXII95, A VIII 82, C VI 193; hoaryheaded, white-haired XVI 173, C XVIII 182. [OEhar] hoord n. store of treasure, hoard XVI 84, C XVIII 115. [OEhord] boost, cost, oste, oest n. army III 266, XIX/XXI 336, A III 246, C III 252; pi. angelic hosts XVIII 239. [AF host] hoot, hote, hoet adj. 1. hot Pr 226, A Pr 104, C V 7, XX 290. 2. piquant, biting V 303, A V 154, C VI 358; intense, extreme XVIII 207, C XX 212. [OEM hope n. 1. wishful expectation, hope Pr 27, XII 292, APr27, C III 136, VII 83; anticipation III 200, A III 187, C I 101, IX 142; confidence XX/XXII 180. 2. the Christian virtue XII 30, XVII 95, A V 240, C XIX 85; trust in God XII 292, C XIV 214; fig. C III 352; good ~ XVII 315, C XIX 295; fig. XX/XXII 167; pers. V 506, XVII 55, C VII 151, XIX 61; -peHostiler XVII 118. [OE hopa] hope v. 1. pr.t.lsg. expect VI 290, XVII 272, A VII 274, C XVIII 249; 3pl. XV 480; imp.sg. V 637, A VIII 99, C IX 291; abs. pr.t.lsg. am hopeful C V 94. 2. pr.t.lsg. trust, am confident VI 94, VIII 19, A IX 15, C V 99; pi. XVI 237, C XVIII 253. 3. pr.t.lsg. earnestly desire, hope XV 387, C XIV 11; 3sg. C XII 199, XVII 146. 4. believe pr.t.lsg. C VI 255, VIII 137; pi. XV 603, C XVII 311; pa.t.pl 1120. [OE hopian] hoper, hopur n. seed-lip, basket to hold seed for hand-sowing VI 61, A VII 56, C VIII 60. [?] hoppe v. dance, hop III 200, A III 187. [OE hoppian] hore, hoor n. whore IV 166, C VI 149; pi. XV 85, CIII 301. [OE] boredom n. licentiousness, sexual adventures XIII 353, C VII 75. [fr. prec.] horn n. the wind instrument C V 16; fig. V 343, 506, A V 1 9 1 , C VI 401, VII 151. [OE] hors n. pi. horses, mounts XI 343, C II 179; o n - mounted XVII 107; -breed mixed bean-meal and bran mash baked in loaves for horses VI 214, A VII 200, C VIII 224. [OE] hosebonde, hosbande n. (male) spouse C X 267; married man C VII 299; farmer 97

hous -1

Glossary

181, C IX 125. [OEM housbondrie n. thrifty management I 57, A I 55, CI53. [ME] housel, hosele n. in phr. go to ~ receive the eucharist XIX/XXI 392. [OE husel] housynge ger. fine houses XV 78, C XVI 237. housled, houseled, hoseled pp. in phr. be(n) housled receive the eucharist, take communion XIX/XXI 3. [OE huslian] houswif, hosewyf n. wife XIV 3, C XIII 9. [ME] houed v. pa.t.Bsg. was sitting idly XVIII 80, C XX 82; pi. loitered XVIII 83, C XX 85; waited expectantly Pr 211, C Pr 161. [7OE*hafian] how interrog. adv. how, by what means I 84, II 38, A VII 197, C VIII 220, XI 75; in what manner X 235, A XI 178, C XVIII 197; w. what meaning II 36; on what grounds XVII 289, C XIX 246; of degree how XVIII 37, C XX 36; excl. of astonishment, disbelief XIX/XXI 391, C IX 266. [QEhu] how 1. conjunctive adv. how, by what means X 94, XI 53, A VIII 17, C VI 39, 264; emph. ~ (so) euere XII 224, C XII 6; w. what meaning VII 158, A VIII 136, C IX 306; in what manner Pr 102, II 53, A IX 23, X 103, C I 126, IV 12; in what circumstance, how VI 15, A VII 14; by what name XV 39; w. what result XVI 87, C XVIII 119; of degree, number, extent I 6, V 368, A I 6, C VI 145. 2. w. modal quality IV 48, V l l l , A VIII 143, XI 40, C VIII 130. [OE bu] howso adv. whichever way XVII 186, A XI 260, C XIX 152. [ME] how/hey trolly lolly a snatch of a song VI 116, A VII 108, CVIII 123. howue, houe n. lawyer's coif III 295, A III 270, CIII 448; pi. Pr211, A Pr 84, C Pr 161; g^ene ~ worthless prophylactic, placebo XX/XXII 172. [OE hufe] hucche, whicche n. wardrobe chest IV 116, AIV 102, CIV 111. [AFhuche] huge adj. vehement XI 250, C XII 136; grave XVII 308, C XIX 288. [cp. AF ahuge] hugh, hewe n. man's name, Hugh V310. hukkerye, huxterie n. retail trade V 225, AV141, C VI 233. [ME] hulle n. in expr. be ~ Cornhill in the City

of London C XII 218; pi. hills Pr 5, III 236, A VI 2, CPr6, VII 159. [OE hyll] humilite, vmbletee n. the virtue of humility pers. V620, A VI 106, C VII 272. [AF] hundred, hundret, hundrid, hundrit num. hundred V 370, A VI 101, C VII 38; in a date XIII 269; as n. Pr211, XV 375, A Pr 84, C Pr 161, XII 175; pi. XX/XXII 69. [OE] hundredfold n. a hundred times as much C XII159. [cp. OE hundfeald] hunger, hungir, hungur, honger, hongur n. 1. hunger (as a sensation) III 194, V 381, A VII 245, C VI 438, XX 212; pers. near-starvation VI 172, A VII 166, C VIII 177. 2. dearth, privation, lack of food VI 237, A VII 221, C IX 77; famine XIV 59; starvation VI 330, XV 21'1; pers. C VIII 279. [OE hungor] hungren v. pr.t.pl. are hungry C VIII 224; impers. pr.t.sg. XIV 51, C XV 120. [OE hyngrian] hungry adj. 1. hungry V 355, C VI 413, IX 207; by meton. poor, unproductive XIII 219, C XV 188; as n. hungry person(s) V 373, VI 193, C VIII 192; comp. more covetous, greedier C I 187. [OE hungrig] hungrily, hungirly adv. in greed for gain XX/XXII 123; quasi-adj. greedy, covetous V 189, A V 108, C VI 197. [OE hungorlic] hunsen v. pr.t.3pi. abuse X 62, A XI 48. [AF huniss- (hunir)] hunte, honte v. go hunting, hunt VI 29, A VII 31, C IX 224; fig. Ill 311; pp. pursued, hounded II 221, A II 180, C II 231. [OEhuntian] huntynge ger. the sport, hunting III 313, C III 466. huppev. leap, skip XV 529, C XVII 279; prp. XVII 62, C XIX 61. [OE*hyppan] hurte, herteth v. injure, harm X 370; pr.tJsg. C XX 384; pp. XVII 187, XX/ XXII 317, C XIX 153. [AFhurter]

I I, ich, ikpron. Isg. 1. assubj. I Pr 2, All 1, C II 219; w. app. n. Ill 284, V 367, A III 260, C II 132; as obj. C VI 146; ace. dat. me me Pr 167, 204, II 31, V 278, A III 8, IV 2, 45, C Pr 184, 114, III 149; ethical dat. X 197; re/7, myself Pr2, 7, A IV 16, V 123, C VI 10, 74; 98

I - yhabited

Glossary

frivolity, worthless matters XIX/XXI 286; foolish talk, nonsense C II 104; worldly vanities XX/XXII 116; in ~ without working C IX 152. [OE idelnes] idyked see DIKEN. ydiot n. (a) man deranged XVI 170. [AF idiot] ydiotes adj. untrained, ill-educated XI 317. [fr.n.] ido, ydo see DON. ydolatrie n. image worship, idolatry C Pr 95. [AF idolatrie] idolue see DELUEN; ydremed see DREME&; ydronke see DRYNKEN; yentred see ENTREN; yes see EBE. yesyhtew. eyesight C IX 102. [ME] if, 3if, 3ef conj. 1. intro. conditional cl. if Pr37, 82, A I 138, III 7, IV 69, C1I18, 156, III 226; 2. intro. concessive cl. even if, even though II 137, III 149, XVIII 386, A II 101, X 88, C XIX 207, XX 428. 3. impl. alternative or choice whether I 48, II 156, VII 150, A VIII 61, IX 12, C XV 105, XVI 166 4. impl. purpose in the hope that III 171, V 502, XX/XXII 310, A III 158, C XIX 75. 5. in ellip. uses XVI 12, XX/XXII 335; optative if only XI 86. [OE gif\ yfed see FEDEN; yfolden see FOLDE; yfolwed see FOLWEN; yfoi^te see FHTE; yfounde(n) see FYNDEN. yfraunchised pp. granted citizenship, given urban franchise C III 114. [AF fraunchiss-] yfryed pp. fried VI 310, A VII 294, C VIII 332. [AFfrire] yfruyted pp. in phr. somdel ~ beginning to bear fruit, in fruit XVI 39. [AF fruiter] yfulled see POLLEN; ygadered see GADEREN; ygete see GETEN; ygyue see GYUEN; yglosed see CLOSED. yglubbed, yglobbed pp. guzzled, swilled down V 339, C VI 397. [1 echoic or by metathesis fr. gulpen] ygo see GO, GOON. ygraced pp. thanked VI 124, A VII 116. [AF grader] ygraue see GRAUE; ygraunted see GRAUNTE; ygreued see GREUE; ygrounde see GROUNDE v. ygulpid pp. gulped down A V 188. [cp. MDu gulpen, golpen] yhabited pp. clothed XIII 284. [AF habit]

for myself X 392, A XI 276, C VI 271; for- for my part Pr 202, C XV 129; w. impers.v. Pr 6, 143, 1X133, A III 110, VIII 163, C P r 7 , VI 111, XIII 153; gen. as poss. pron. myn(e), myen mine VI 148, XIII 364, C XVI 208; my people XVIII 350, C IV 62, VIII 148; as adj. my, myn, myen my Pr 193, II 34, IV 187, A I 69, III 51, 168, C Pr 206, VI 258, 280; ~ owene VI 83, A VII 75, C VIII 92; predic. myne XVIII 279, A V 92, C XX 372; ~ one by myself VIII 63, A IX 54, C XI 198. [OE ic, me, mm] yarmed see ARMED; yasked see ASKE; ybake(n) see BAKEN ybarred/?;?. barred, bolted XIX/XXI 167. [AF barrer] ybe see BEN; ybedded see BEDDEN; ibet see BETEN; yblamed see BLAME; yblessed, yblissed see BLESSE; yblowe see BLOWE; yborwed see BORWE v.; ybosted see BOSTEN; ybou3t see BUGGEN; ybounde see BYNDEN; ybroke(n) see BREKE; ybrou3t see BRYNGEN. ycalled adj. wearing a prelate's skull cap (zuchetta) XV 229, C XVI 354. [ME: fr. OE cawl] ycarped see CARPEN; ich see i; ychose see CHESE; yclosed see CLOSE; yclobed see CLOVEN; yclouted see CLOUTE v. ycoped see COPE v. ycorouned see CROUNE>. ycouped pp. w. ornamental slashes XVIII 14, C X X 1 4 . [AF couper] ycoupled see COUPLER . ycrammed pp. crammed, stuffed Pr 41, A Pr41, CPr42. [OE crammian] ycrymyled pp. of hair curled XV 229, C XVI 354. [ME: cp. OE gecrympan, MDu krimpen] ycrouned pp. see CROUNEI>; ycursed see CURSEt>.

ydel n. idleness, inactivity XIII 225; in phr. on ~ profanely, in vain V 571, A VI 58, C VII 218; useless XIV 196, C XVI 37; to no effect XIX/XXI 402; lying, false-tongued XX/XXII 209. [OE idel] ydel adj. sinful II 91, XIV 13, C II 98; frivolous V403, C VII 19; inactive XII 1, C XIV 1; lazy C V 27; wip ~ wille perfunctorily, without devotion XV 127. [cp. n.] ydelnesse n. unproductive indolence XIII 238, C XV 213; sloth XIX/XXI 228;

99

yhandled - in

Glossary

yhandled see HANDLE. yhasped, haspide, yhapsed pp. fastened, locked I 197, A I 171, C I 192. [OE

34, A X 35, C XX 326. [AF image] ymaginacion, ymaginacioun n. foresight XX/XXII 33. [AF imagination] ymaginatif, ymagenatif n. that mental faculty conceived of as retaining and organizing percepts of observed experience pers. X 119, XII 1, C XIV 1, XV 21. [L or CF imaginatij] ymagynen, ymageny v. reflect, exercise forethought XIX/XXI 277; scheme, plot XIII 288; pa.t.3sg. XIII 357. [AF imaginer] ymaymed see MAYMETH; ymaked see MAKEN; ymaried see MARIEN; ymartired

h/epsian] yhated see HATIEN; yheeled see HELEN. yheer, yhere v. 1. imp.sg. listen, hear XVII 140. 2. pr.subj.pl. grant a hearing to CIV 187. [OEgeheran] yherberwed see HERBERWE; yherd, yherde pp. see HERIE, KEREN; yholde(n) see HOLDEN; yholpe see HELPEN; yhonted see HUNTE; yhote see HOTEN; yhudde see HIDEN; yk see I; yknyt see KNYTTEN. yknowe v. perceive C VII 168. [OE gecndwan] ylakked see LAKKE; ylasted see LASTE. ile n. domain, territory, province A II 63. [AF] yleye(n) see LIGGE; ylered see LEREN; ylerned see LERNE. ylettrede adj. educated X 403, C XI 233. [ME] ylik(e), yliche adj. similar (to) I 91, V 486, C X 6 8 , 116; in adv. phr. like C XX 3; to the same degree as C X 133, XIX 334. [OEgelic] ylike, yliche adv. likewise I 50, A I 48, C XV 33; equally XII 209, XIV 167, C XVI 20, XVIII 22; to the same degree XIX/XXI 439; indiscriminately XIII 349, C VI 183; euere ~ w. unswerving constancy XIV 303. [OEgelice] ilke adj. same C XVIII 264; particular XVII 114; as pron. pis- this particular thing I 83, A I 81, C I 79; that ~ that the sort of man who C XVI 314. [OE ilca] illen. evil 189, A I 87, C I 85, XX 318; sin 165, A I 63, C I 6 1 ; don- sin 153, VIII 103, A I 51, C Pr 109, I 49; doon/ diden/wrouhte ~ are/were sinners X 26, XVIII 387, C XX 432; as n. by meton. sinful souls XVIII 279, C XX 301; distress, suffering A X 68. [cp. OI illr] ille adj. sinful, wicked C X 94, XVI 193. [as above] illeaJv. badly Pr 224, VI 204, A VII 190, C VIII 210; sinfully, wickedly II 195, V 115, 470, A V 2 4 4 , C VI 324, VII 146, XX 429; don ~ offend, are unruly C III 332. [as above] ylorn, ylost see LESEN; ymaad see MAKEN. imade v. pa.t.pl. made C V 77. [OE gemacian] ymage n. figure I 50, A I 48; likeness IX

see MARTIRED.

ympe n. growth produced by grafting C XVIII 6; pi. scions, slips for grafting V 138. [OEimpe] imped v. pa.t.lsg. grafted V 139; imp.sg. IX 152. [OEimpian] impossible, inpossible adj. not possible, impossible X 341, C XX 462. [AF] impugnen v. 1. pr.t.Ssg. question the validity (of a document) XI 304, C XIII 118; pa.t.Ssg. VII 153, A VIII 152, C IX 302; rejected, dismissed as worthless C XV 130; intr. raise the question of validity Pr 109, C Pr 136. 2. pp. repudiated, rejected XIII 124. [AF empugner and L] in prep. 1. of location in Pr 93, 99, A Pr 12, 29, C P r 8 , 18; on III 236, XI 348, A IX 88, C XIX 197; abstract or immaterial in 171, 104, A VI 93, X 63, C I 39, III 366; of inherence in Pr 108, 110, A X 44, CPrl35, XVIII 195, XIX 183; to the extent of C IV 137; belongep ~ are properties of XVII 166; of restricted location in Pr 28, 154, A V 27, C I V 116, 123; among XIV 123, C VIII 138; within V 417(2), C VII 32(2). 2. of motion in, into Pr 4, VIII 29, A III 73, IV 102, C III 111, IV 81. 3. of object, intention in Pr 27, 88, II 108, A VIII 94, C Pr 77, III 122; upon X 398; for XV 498, C XVII 274; - menyng signifying C XV 243; ~ menyng after intent on XV 475; ~ menynge of implying C Pr 99. 4. of time in, during P r l , 91, III 331, A I 27, C II 32, 117, V 7; within V 341, XVI 132, A Pr 62, III 134, C V 50, XII 217; at VIII 127, CX 123; of X97. 5. specifying in 129, II 130, V 353, A I 102, II 50, C I 66, 100

in - inpugned

Glossary

A VIII 153, 177; pi VII 57, 175, C IX 320, XIX 223. [AF] ynempned see NEMPNE. infamis adj. in disrepute V 168. [L] infinites n. pi ideal concepts not absolutely definable XIII 128, 129. [AF infinit] infirmiten. ill health C IX 234. [AF] ingong, ingang n. admission, permission to enter V 629, A VI 114, C VII 282. [OE ingang] inhabiten v. pr.t.pl set themselves up, establish themselves C IX 189. [AF inhabiter] ynliche adv. sincerely, genuinely XIV 90; unreservedly CIII 371. [OE inlice] inne n. in phr. at~ housed, lodged VIII 4, A IX 4, C X 4 . [OEinn] inne adv. in X 102, 188, XIX/XXI 318, C XVII 198; quasi-adj. X 329, XX/XXII 193. [OE] mneprep. in XVI 15, XIX/XXI 417, C I 134, XII 217. [OE] innocence n. pers. the injured party, victim XVII 291, CIII 98. [AF] innocent n. guiltless person, sbody unjustly accused III 242; pi. young children VII 42. [AF] innocent adj. harmless, inoffensive VII 48, A VIII 50, CIX47. [AF] inobedient adj. unwilling to submit XIII 281, CVI 19. [AF] ynome see NYMEN. ynou3, yno3, ynow n. a sufficiency, enough VII 86, XV 317, A I 135; the word 'enough' XVIII 217, C XX 226. [OE genog] ynou3, ynogh, ynow adj. sufficient, enough VII 86, IX 181, C II 35, IX 43, X 182; fig. many, abundant II 144, A II 111, C XIX 223, XX 292. [OE genog} inpacient adj. resentful, bitter XVII 343, CVI 110, XIX 323. [AF] inparfit adj. faulty, defective C XV 135; imperfect, flawed C XVIII 102; sinful XV 50, XIX 428, C III 386, XIX 105; prescit ~ foreknown to be damned C XI 206; spiritually degenerate, corrupt XV 95, 565, C V I 119, XVI 278. [ME] inparfitly adv. w. double modification imperfectly and sinfully X 471. [fr. adj.] inpossible see IMPOSSIBLE; inpugned see

168, II 87; against XVII 199, C IX 16, XIX 165; over XVIII 105, C XX 108; of application on XII 48, XIX/XXI 353, C IX 74, 75; weex ~ wanhope fell into deeper despair V 279, wexe ~ a weer became increasingly confused XI 116, C XII 51; of manner, form, degree in Pr 129, I 19, V 325, A Pr 24, II 47, III 190, C I 110, III 404, VII 129; with XVII 67, C XIX 66; in accordance w. I 107, XI 152, 399, A I 22, X51, C I 19, XVII 295; by C III 402; ~ sighte w. actual sight XIX/XXI 180; -feib loyally XII 3, C XIV 3; werche ~ werk put into effect IV 146, A IV 129, C IV 143; shewynge~ appearing as XVII 155; of state or condition in Pr43, 120, 123, A Pr27, 120, C P r l 0 2 , II 247, V 10; into III 163, IV 156, A II 70, V 74, C III 202, 243; as XV 173; of XVII 183; with XVIII 256; ~ wille disposed X 171, A XI 123; of occupation or activity in II 177, III 257, V 435, A Pr 25, C XIII 122, 144; ~ werchynge under construction III 48, A III 47; of dress Pr 56, 211, A P r 3 , 13, C V 41, IX 119; wearing V 607; of heraldic cognizance in XVIII 22, C XX 21; of armour in XVIII 23, XX/XXII 116; disguised in XVIII 25, CXX24. [OE] in adv. in IV 44, 623, A V 139, 157, C VII 275, XI 42; frepid ~ surrounded by a live hedge of V 581, A VI 68, C VII 228; ellip. helpe may ~ C VII 276. [OE] incurable adj. beyond remedy, incurable fig. X 332, XIII 13, C V 177, XV 16. '[AF] ynde, inde n. India XV 521, XIX/XXI 165, C XVII 272. indepartable adj. indivisible, not separable C XVIII 27. [ME] indirect adj. of grammar not indicated by concord of gender, case or number C III 342; fig. not directed, ungoverned, behaving contrary to principle C III 334; fig. as n. ungoverned, unprincipled conduct CIII 371. [CF] indulgence n. 1. leniency, mercy in phr. do ~ remit the punishment of sin XX/XXII 321. 2. formal remission of a specific time of suffering in purgatory for sin that has been confessed, conferred for charitable gifts or pious acts, indulgence

IMPUGNEN.

101

insolibles

-

insolibles adj. unanswerable, unresolvable C XVI 232. [L] intestate adv. leaving no will or testament XV 138. [AFintestat] intilprep. into XIII 210. [ME] into prep, into (a room or structure) III 10, 191, A VII 171, C Pr 160, III 11; (a place or region) III 303, VI 200, A Pr 13, C VI 279, XVII 169; (heaven or hell) I 115, 205, A I 121, C VII 135, IX 326; (a changed condition) Pr 10, III 308, A XI 313, C VII 207, 1X183; (a container) XIII 197, A VII 167, C Pr 101; (a garment) Pr 2, A Pr 2, C Pr 2; (a community or association) C III 403, XI 18. [OE] inwit n. intellect, the capacity for thought 1X54, 60, XIII 288, A X 4 2 , 56, 60, C X 174, XVIII 179; pers. IX 18, AX47, C X 1 4 4 ; understanding XV 518, XVII 283, C VI 421, IX 117; developed intelligence IX 68, A X 58, C X 173, 181. [ME] iotten see YEDE; ypaied see PAIE; ypassed see PASSEN; yperissed, ypersed see PERCEN; ypli3t see PLI3TEN. ypocras n. Hippocrates XII43. ypocrisie n. simulation of virtue or piety, hypocrisy XV 110, C XVI 264; pers. XX/XXII 300. [AF ipocrisie] ypresed see PREISE(N); ypreued see PREUEN; ypriked see PRIKEI>; yput see PUTEN; Irael see ISRAEL; yrauysshed see RAUYSSHED; yraunsoned see RAUNSONE. ire n. (divine) wrath C XX 435; the deadly sin of anger fig. II 84, CII91. [AF] yrebuked see REBUKEN. yren, yre, yrons n. iron XIX/XXI 57, C Pr 97; bolted w. ~ fettered VI 136, C VIII 143; pi. fetters, shackles IV 85, A IV 72, CIV 81; ~ bounde(n) reenforced w. iron straps XIV 247, C XVI 89. [OE iren] yreuestede pp. wearing ceremonial vestments C V 112. [AF revestir] yrynged pp. beringed C II 12. [cp. OE hringan] irlonde, Ireland n. Ireland XX/XXII 221. yrobbed see ROBBE; yrobed see ROBEI>; yrons see YREN. ysaakn. Isaac (Gen. 21.3, 22) XVI 232, C XVIII 247. ysaye n. the prophet Isaiah X 424, A XI 283, CXI 256.

Glossary

ysaye see SEE(N). ysamme adj. together, w. each other IX 178, A X 199. [cp. OE samnian, samen adv.] ysaued see SAUEN. yse v. examine, read C XIX 6; pt.t.Spl. perceive C XVII 150; pa.t.sg. C XII 84; pi. C II 69; imp.sg. take note C XIV 103. [OEgeseon] yseien, ysei3e see SEE(N). ysekelesn. icicles XVII 231, C XIX 197. [OE is gicel] yserued see SERUEN; yset see SETTE. yshaue pp. shaven XV 229, C XVI 354; scraped V 193, C VI 201. [OE sceafan] ysherewed pa.t.lsg. cursed XIII 330. [ME] yshryue see SHRYUEN; ysoden see SODEN. ysodorus n. Isodore of Seville XV 37, C XVI 199. ysoiled see SOILED; ysou3t see SEKEN; ysowen see SOWE; yspilt see SPILLE. yspoused pp. joined in marriage IX 129. [AF espouser, spousaille] yspronge see SPRYNGE. israel, irael n. Israel X 285, A III 243, C Pr 105; Jacob (Gen. 32.28) C IX 317. issue n. 1. progeny IX 128, XVI 206, C X 243, XVIII 234; fig. XVI 196, C XVIII 205; descendants XI 206, C XVIII 255; son, offspring C XVIII 219. 2. successors X331.[AF] it, hit pron. 3sg. neut. nom. ace. it I 60, 87, III 266, A I 128, IV 106, C Pr 100, I 56; w. pi. ref. they Pr 10, V 575, A VI 62; w. fern. ref. I 71, A I 69; w. masc. pi. ref. VI 54, 207, A Pr 85, VII 49, C Pr 162, 1X118; as grammatical subj. Pr80, III 256, IV 183, A IV 150, VI 113, VII 121, C P r i l l , III 112, IV 22; w. masc. ref. XI 296, C XIII 121; w. first pers. ref. C XV 23 5; as grammatical obj. Pr38, III 266, XV 222(1), A I 31, IV 107, C Pr 39, II 78, III 466; dot. for it, on its behalf XI 91, C XII 32; indef. subj. w. impers. constr. Pr 32, III 209, VI 299, A IX 8, 33, C III 97, 434, V 164; poss. pron. as adj. his its XII 258, XVII 251, XIX/XXI 216, C XIX 217. [OE hit, his] ytailed pp. recorded on a tally stick V 422, C VII 35. [cp. AF tailler] itake see TAKEN; ytau3t see TECHEN.

102

yteynted - laper

Glossary

ywonne v. pa.t.pl. acquired, got possession of C XIX 247. [OE gewinnan] yworshiped see WORSHIPEN. yworpe v. in expr. let ~ let be, do not provoke C Pr 204; lat ~ turns away from C X 164; let god ~ let God's ways take their course VI 82, 226, C VIII 86. [OE geweorfrari] ywounded see WOUNDEN. ywounden pp. bound round, wrapped V 518. [OEwindan] ywrye pp. (of bedclothes) wrapped, covered XIV 233, C XVI 74. [OE wreon] ywrite see WRITEN; ywrithe see WROI> v.; ywro3t see WERCHEN.

yteynted/>p. stretched on a tenter XV 455. [cp. AF teindre] ytermyned, termined pp. established, determined I 97, A I 95, C I 93. [AF terminer] ythryueth v. pr.t.pl. prosper C Pr 34. [ME: cp. ON prifask] ytilled see TILIEN; ytouked see TOKE. yuel, euel(e), euil n. 1. moral evil, wickedness VII 42, C XVI 246; pi. XV 94; sin VII 117(1), A VIII 99(1), X 213; wicked conduct XI 104; wrong, injury X 204, XIII 105, A XI 153, C III 450; calumny pers. in spek ~ bihynde slanderer XIX/XXI 340. 2. misfortune VII 117(2), A VIII 99(2), C XIX 107. 3. venom XVIII 156, CXX 159. 4. sickness, disease C III 96; pi. foule ~ ulcers XIV 302, XIX/XXI 46, CXVI 138. [OEyfel] yuel, euyl, euel, vuel adj. 1. sinful C VI 20; immoral C XVI 261. 2. offensive XIII 321; -wille ill will, malice V 122, C XVIII 163. 3. miserable, wretched IX 126. 4. hard, difficult V 122(2), VI 48, XV 64, C VI 87; dangerous X 212, A XI 155. [OEyfel] yuele, euele adv. 1. wickedly, sinfully V 365, VIII 17, A IX 19, C IX 292(1), X 26, 298; uncharitably C I 188; in a state of sin XII 87. 2. poorly, wretchedly XIII 79, XV 535, C IX 292(2); imperfectly XX/XXII 280; perfunctorily XIII 411, C VII 71; badly XX/XXII 186, C V 157; w. harmful negligence C XIII 115. 3. w. difficulty V 168, XII 8, C XIII 115, XIX 326. [OEyfele] yvsed see VSE. yvenquisshed, yvenkused pp. vanquished XVIII 101, C XX 104. [AF venquiss(vengre)] ywaged see WAGE. ywar, ywaer adj. cautioned, warned I 42, X 81, 275, A X 85, C II 154, VII 80; in phr. was/were ~ realized, were aware X 140, A IX 109, CXI 81. [OEgewer] ywasshe(n) see WASSHEN; ywedded see

J

iaced pa.t.Bsg. was riding XVII 54, C XIX 52. [AFjacer] lacob n. the patriarch Jacob VII 167, C IX 311. lakke, lacke n. man's name, Jack VI 70, A VII 64, C VIII 71. lames, lame n. 1. the apostle James 1185, A I 159; fig. XIX/XXI 164. 2. Seint ~ the shrine of Santiago de Compostella Pr 47, A IV 109, C V 197. langle, langele v. 1. complain VI 314; find fault II 95, C II 102. 2. dispute XIII 84, C XV 91; pa.t.pl. C IX 293; debate, argue VIII 123, A IX 113, C X 119; contest in law Pr 130. 3. pa.t.Bsg. ~ berayeins denied, disputed this XVI 144; pi. XVI 119. 4. pr.subj.sg. chatter IV 155; prp. complaining IX 84. [AF jangler] langleres n. ribald or scurrilous entertainers Pr 35, A Pr 35; professional reciters X31. [AF] ianglyng, iangelyng ger. 1. legal contention IV 180, C IV 174; quarrelling IX 169, A X 190, C X 270. 2. malicious gossip V 158, C VI 133. 3. chatter, ineffectual argument XIX/XXI 397. [fr. v.] lape n. joke XXVXXII 145. [AF *jape and cp. gab} iape v. 1. perform as clown or jester XIII 232, C XV 206. 2. scoff, mock II 95, C II 102; pa.t.Bsg. XVIII 41, C XX 40. 3. pr.t.pl. joke XIII 352. 4. pa.t.Bsg. made a fool of I 67. [AF *japer. cp.japery] laper, iapare n. jester, clown IX 93; popular entertainer C XVII 308; pi. Pr

WEDDEN.

ywende v. imp.sg. go without delay, betake yourself C V 104. [OE gewendan] ywis adv. surely, certainly XI 411, C XIII 219. [OEgewis] ywyte, ywete v. know, be aware C Pr 183, 111 76; understand, realize C XX 216. [OE gewitan] See WHEN. 103

laper - luggen

Glossary

35, X 31, A Pr 35. [AF: cp. gabeor, gabar] lelousie, ielosye, gelosie n. jealousy IX 169, A X 190, CX270. [AFgelousie] Ierico«. Jericho XVII 53, C XIX 51. lerom, leroem n. St Jerome XIX/XXI 270, A XII 108. Jerusalem, Iherusalem n. Jerusalem XVI 163, XVIII 17, C XIX 52. lesus, lesu n. Jesus of Nazareth XV 496, A XI 27, C XVII 192; in phr. ~ crist XI 248; oure lord ~ XIX/XXI 8; oure (lord) prynce ~ XIX/XXI 96, C XIII 3; ~ a Justices sone XVI 92, C XVIII 125; -be lustere XIX/XXI 10. leudith see IUDITH. iew(e) n. member of the Jewish religion, Jew IX 84, XII 42, A XI 84, C XVIII 165; pi. Ill 302, A XI 235, C IV 94; olde- Jews of the Old Law XVIII 17, C XX 15; gen. pi. iewen(e) of the Jews XVIII 258, C XX 266; as adj. Jewish I 67, XV 584, A I 65, C XX 40. [AFjeu] lob, lop n. the patriarch Job X 23, A XI 23, C XVII 51. logele v. entertain by music, song, jesting, clowning, sleight of hand XIII 232, C XV 206. [CFjugler] iogelour, lugelour n. mountebank VI 70, A VII 64, C VIII 71; sleight of hand artist C XVII 308; pi. X31. [AF jogelour] logged v. pa.t.3sg. thrust his way XX/XXII 134. [?] lohan, lohann, lohn, Ion n. man's name, John VII 45; the evangelist V 408, C VII 24; fig. XIX/XXI 265; John the Baptist XVIII 324, C XX 367; maistre ~ a notable cook XIX/XXI 288; sir ~ a worldly priest XV 123. lohan but n. John But, author of the conclusion to the A Version A XII 106. iohane, lone n. woman's name, Joanna, Joan V 158, C VI 133. lohannes Crisostomus n. John Chrysostom XV 117, C XVI 272. ioye n. 1. happiness II 157, XIV 121, XVI 18, A VIII 42, C XIII 20, XV 287; source of happiness XI 185, XIV 285, C XV 291; worldly well-being XII 42, XIV 111(2), XVIII 258, C XIII 15; pleasure, solace XIV 111(1), 119, C XV 301; bely- food and drink VII 130, A VIII 112. 2. spiritual well-being, divine favour C X 2 2 , XV 71; the perfect joy of

heaven VII 37, XI 168, XIV 122, C III 340, IX 50; heaven as the place of perfect joy VII 180, XII 134, A VIII 158, C XVII 145. 3. festal gaiety, show of rejoicing III 13, A III 92, C III 14. [AFjoie] ioylees, ioyles, ioyelees adj. unhappy IX 169, A X 190, CX270. [ME] loyned v.(l) 1. pa.t.3sg. fig. ~ to yoked w. XIX/XXI 265. 2. pp. fig. united in marriage II 137, A II 101. [AFjoindre] loyned v.(2) pa.t.3sg. enjoined I 185, A I 159. [ME: simplex of enjoinen] ioynte n. sg. in phr. out of ~ dislocated C 1X216; pi. joints XVII 178, C XIX 143. [AF joint] ioyntly adv. in phr. luggen yow ~ give legal assent to your union II 157, A II 121. [ME: cp. AF jointement] iolyfadj. happy C XIII 20. [AFjolifl lonette, lonete, lonet n. woman's name, Janet VI 70, A VII 64, C VIII 71. ionettes see PERE. losaphat n. Josaphat (Joel 3.2.12) XVIII 369, C XX 411. loseph, losep n. Joseph son of Jacob (Gen. 37.1) VII 165, A VIII 143, C IX 309. losue n. Joshua, Josue son of Nun XVII 24, C XIX 25. louke(n) v. rest quietly XVI 92, C XVIII 125. [CFjouquier] iourne(e) n. stint of work XIV 136, C XVI 5. [AFjournel loutes n. purees of mixed vegetables and herbs V 158, C VI 133. [CFjoute] Iuda«. Judah XIX/XXI 138. ludas, leudas n. Judas Iscariot I 67, A XI 84, C XVIII 165; gen. Pr 35, APr35. ludas Macabeus n. Judas Machabee (1 Mach. 2.4) XVII 24, C XIX 25. lude n. St Jude XII 203, C XIV 142. ludith, leudith n. heroine of the apocrypal Book of Judith XVII 24, C XIX 25. luelx see IUWEL. lugge, iuge n. judge XIV 111, C XV 287; pi. VII 190, A VIII 168, C IX 336. [AF juge] luggement n. in phr. ~ of armes judicial combat XVI 95, C XVIII 128. [AF juggement] luggen v. 1. hear the trial of, pass sentence on XIV 289, C XVI 124; intr. reach judicial decisions XX/XXII 29; give a ruling C II 172; pa.t. pi. condemned XII 104

luggen - kepe

Glossary

kaym see CAYM. kaiser, cayser n. emperor XIX/XXI 138, C III 315; pi. XX/XXII 101, A XI 219. [MHG keiser] kalendarrc. calendar XIII 153. [AF] kalketrappes n. caltrops C XX 294. [AF] kam see COMEN; kan, kanst, kanstow see KONNE; kau3te see CACCHEN. kaurymaury, caurymaury n. garment of coarse cloth V 78, A V 6 1 . [?] keep see KEPEN. keye n. key V 604, C VII 252; pi. XII 109, A VI 91, C XIV 54; miniature papal emblems, pilgrim badges V 522, A VI 10, C VII 167. [OEoeg] keyed, ykeyed, ykei3id adj. locked w. a key V614, A VI 100, C VII 266. [fr. n.] kele v. cool XIX/XXI 280. [OE celan] kembe v. dress wool w. a comb for spinning C IX 80; trans, pr.tpl comb out XI 15. [OE cemban] VxoKodj. 1. bold, fearless XX/XXII 129; aggressive XIV 241, C XVI 81; fierce, savage XX/XXII 374; cruel XVIII 413; cutting C VI 65; prickly C II 29; sharp XVIII 47, C VI 140; fig. IX 185, C X 286; grievous C XVIII 172; distressing, painful XX/XXII 97. 2. earnest XII 25; intense XIII 347, C XX 435. [OE cen] kene adv. to a fine point, cruelly XVIII 78, CXX80. [fr. adj.] kenne(n) v. 1. teach 181, 138, A I 127, C VII 91; pr.t.2sg. VI 21, A VII 23; Bsg. VII 72, X 201, A XI 222, C VIII 19; pi. Ill 222, X I 1 3 , A III 209, C III 277; pa.t.lsg. X 183, A XI 135; Bsg. VII 139, XII 229, XIX/XXI 234, A VIII 121; imp.sg. 114, A I 79, 114, C II 4. 2. proclaim, make known I 92, A I 90, C I 88; pr.t. 3 sg. C III 360. 3. show, explain (to) VII 108, XIII 431, XIX/XXI 9, A VIII 90, C IX 282. 4. direct X 153, A XI 105, C X I 91; pr.t.Ssg. 1142, A I 130, C I 141; pa.t.3sg. C IV 41; pi. V 539, A VI 27, C XVIII 17; imp.sg. A XII 53; pi. VI 14; guide XVII 116. 5. pa.t.Bsg. counselled IV 43. 6. acquire understanding of, master XIX/XXI 240; pr.t.pi. have command of, know A VIII 13; pr.subj.sg. A VII 237. [OE cennan] kennyngger. instruction X 199. kepe, kep n. heed, note A X 97; in phr. took ~ watched, observed XI 356, C XV 175; pa.t.Bsg. took ~ was interested in

89; pp. IX 93. 2. pr.t. pi. consider, judge (to be) IX 87, C XVII 132; pa.t.Bsg. proclaimed C I 181. 3. pass judgement on, find fault w. II 95, C II 102. 4. make a case in law Pr 130. 5. adjudge II 157, A II 121; pr.subj.sg. II 137, A II 101. 6. govern XIX/XXI 474; pa.t.pl. administrated XVI 119. 7. pa.t.3sg. interpreted VII 167, C IX 311. [AFjugger] lurdan n. chamberpot or ? topically the surname Jordan XIII 84, CXV91. [ML jurdanus] lurour n. sworn witness or recognitor VII 45; pi. CII 153. [AF jurour] luste, iuyste n. in phr. ~ wombe pot belly XIII 84, CXV91. [AF juste] lusten, ioust(e) v. joust XVI 95, C XIX 52; pa.t.Bsg. XVI 163, C XX 184; fig. XX/XXII 134. [AFjouster] lustere, ioustere n. jouster XIX/XXI 10. [AF justewr] lustes, ioustes n. pi. occasion of tournament and jousts XVII 54, C XX 14. [AFjustes] Justice n. 1. in phr. 3<mre ~ law, equity, the course of justice in your courts A III 145. 2. judge II 137, VII 45, A l l 101, CXVI 124, XIX 286; pi. Ill 13, 155, A III 13, C II 153, VIII 337; fig. II 48, III 321, C IV 186; Caiphas, the Scribes and elders of Judea (Mat. 26.57) C XVIII 177. 3. administrator of the law, justiciar VII 171, XVIII 38, XIX/XXI 139, A VIII 148, C XVIII 161; fig. XVI 92, C XVIII 125. [AS justice] lustifie v. refl. establish their legal rights Prl30; pa.t.Bsg. governed XIX/XXI 44. [CFjustifier] luttes, lottis n. common folk X 467, A XI 311. [?] luuentee n. youth XIX/XXI 108. [AF juvente] luweln. precious object XVIII 428, C XX 471; treasure XI 185; pi. rich gifts III 155, A III 145, C III 193. [AF jeuel, jewel] luwise, iewyse n. judicial punishment XVII1382, C XX 424. [AF juise]

K kaireb see CAIREN. kaylewey n. adju. from, associated with Cailloux XVI 69. [CF * Caillouaix]

105

kepe - kyn

Glossary

XI 337, C XIII 145; took grete ~ of looked very closely at XIII 271; take ~ to care for, look after C XIX 76; imp.sg. attend to XX/XXII 358. [fr. v.] kepe(n) v. 1. protect VI 160, XIX/XXI 144, A X 68, C V 17, X 184; pr.t.pl. VII 9, A VIII 9; pa.t.pl. XIX/XXI 149; pr.subj.sg. Pr 125, VI 27, A VII 29, C Pr 149, VIII 26; imp.sg. XX/XXII 92; guard A X 15; pr.t.Ssg. IX 10, A X 10, C X 137; defend XX/XXII 376. 2. have charge of Pr 100, XVII 5, C Pr 128, V 79; pr.t.pl. X 477, XV 347, C XIV 54, XVII 69; pa.t.pl. XII 113, C XIV 58. 3. preserve C VIII 145; pr.t.lsg. C XVIII 28; hold in loving care XVII 279, A X 23, C XIX 260; pr.subj.sg. IX 24, A X 24, C X 150; pp. A X 50; take care of, watch over I 55, VI 91, XIX/XXI 423, A VII 128, CXI 243, 301; pp. A VI 32; imp.sg. care for XVII 77; herd VI 140, C V 18; pa.t.Bsg. C III 412. 4. govern III 289, IV 138, XIX/XXI 42, A VIII 148; pr.t.3sg. Ill 209, A III 196; pi. XV 197, XIX/XXI 366, C XVI 339; pr.subj.pl. C V 185; pr.t.Ssg. governs 1X17, A X 16, CX143; imp.sg. control X 168, A XI 120; administer II 22, C II 21; pr.t.pl. XI 158, A III 83, C III 78; inf. as imp. Ill 77, A III 66; enforce I 94, A I 92, C I 90; pr.t.3sg. observes, obeys C VII 73; pa.t.2sg. VII 195, A VIII 173; pi. C IX 341; imp.sg. C XI 140(1); pr.tpl. abide by XV 466. 6. hold fast to pr.t.3sg. C XII 214, 241; pi. X 365, C I 42, XII 236; pp. C VII 49; pr.subj.sg. XII 247; intr. pr.t.Ssg. hoards XV 247; imp.sg. set aside, reserve VI 263, A VII 247, C VIII 273; keep (in store) V 27, A V 27, C V 129; keep (clean) XIV 11; pr.t.pl. remain (chaste) I 195, A I 169; maintain XV 581; ~ out/peroute/withouten exclude V 614, A VI 100, C VII 266; ~ fro hold apart from A X 158; imp.sg. II 47, A II 29, C II 49; re/7, refrain C XI 140(2). 7. pr.t.lsg. care, want, wish (for) III 280, IV 193, A III 258, C III 433; 3sg. XI 424, C XIII 232; pi. A I 8. [L OE cepan] kepere, kepar(e) n. protector XX/XXII 72; governor XII 126, XIX/XXI 443; pi. guardians, pastors C XVI 275; herdsmen XV 461, C XIV 88. [fr. v.] kepyngger. conduct XIX/XXI 353.

kerke see CHIRCHE. kerne v. form and bear grains C XII 181. [OE *cyrnan\ kernel, cornel n. kernel XI 262, C XII 148; fig. essential agent XI 266; essential source of strength C XII 151. [OE cyrnel] kernels, carneles, kirnelis n. crenellations, battlements V 588, A VI 75, C VII 235. [AF] kerue, curuen v. 1. cut VI 104, A VII 96, C VIII 65; pa.t.pl. cut short C VIII 185; 2. carve (in wood or stone) XIX/XXI 141. [OEceorfan] kerueres n. carvers, artists in wood or stone X 183, AXI 135, CXI 123. [fr. v.] keruyngeger. the art of carving XVII 173. kete adj. distinguished, eminent X 70, 464, A XI 56, 308. [? ODan] keuere v. pr.subj.pl recover XX/XXII 335; pp. made whole, restored to grace XVIII 391. [AFcttvnr] keuered, keuereth see COUERE. kex, kix n. dry rush, plant stalk XVII 223, C XIX 189. [?] kichenerc. kitchen V 155, 258, C VI 130. [OE cycene] kidde v. 1. pa.t.lsg. showed, expressed XIII 389; 3sg. V 433, C VII 46; pi. XV 303; pa.t.lsg. put forth X 143, A XI 96. 2. pp. proclaimed C XII 197; pa.t.pl. ~ mede gave recompense A VIII 44. [OE cypari\ kyen, kyne see cow. kyke v. kick C IV 22. [cp. OI kikna] kille(n), kyllyn, kiln, kulle, cullen v. 1. kill 166, V256, A VII 33, C XII 241; pa.t.lsg. C VIII 279; pp. Pr 185, XIX/XXI 444, C X 2 4 7 , XVII 289; put to death XVI 137, A III 246, C X 101; pa.t.lsg. Ill 187, A III 174, C III 233; 3sg. A III 251; pi. XIX/XXI 142; pr.subj.sg. A III 248; pp. XVI 152; destroy XX/XXII 151; fig. C XVI 26; pa.t.3sg. XX/XXII 99. 2. beat, strike X 431, A XI 290, C XI 267. [OE *cyllan] kyn, kynne n. 1. stock II 131, A X 154, C II 44, X 258; people, family XII 93, C XVII 62; ancestry XIII 310, C IX 202; family connexions XI 299, C XIII 113. 2. kindred I 192, III 204, V 630, A I 166, C V 69, XX 265. 3. kind, sort C XX 288; w. n. kind, sort of C III 364, 372, XVIII 21; gen. sg. kynnes, kynes,

106

kyn - kyndly

Glossary

XI 267; sort XV 316; rank, station XIX/XXI 476; natural risk inherent in his status C XVII 287, 290. 7. parentage IX 112, XIX/XXI 123, A X 135, C II 84, X 205; offspring IX 129, XI 336, C XVIII 222; kin A II 95, C XIX 223. 8. in grammatical use gender C III 337, 347; grammatical feature III 364; pi. C III 362; fig. C III 372. [OE cynd] kynde adj. 1. in phr. ~ wit natural, untutored intelligence, native wit XII 108, C XIV 30, 157; pers. XII 69, XVII 138, C XIX 111; intelligence as a gift of God XII 45, XIX/XXI 315, C XIV 163; developed intelligence XII 64, 67, C XI 225; pers. XII 93, XIX/XXI 360, C XIV 34; intelligence rationally applied Pr 118, CXIII 237; pers. Prll4, 155, XV 553, A I 53, III 260, 275, C Pr 145, IV 152; ~ witted possessing natural intelligence XII 107, C XIV 72; ~ knowyng innate knowledge I 142, A I 139, C I 141; genuine perception, real understanding 1138, VIII 57, 113, A I 127, C X 56, XIV 79; of ~ vnderstondyng intelligent C V 56, XIV 102; ~ milk milk that nature provides XV 467; ~ fruyt fruit natural to it XVI 70. 2. benevolent, loving, caring X 368, XI 188, XIII 144, A III 59, X 128, C XV 145; well disposed C XIII 13; generous 1X89, XV 104, C XVI 257. 3. true, real III 67, XIV 270, CIII 71, XV 181, XVI 110; sincere XX/XXII 73; correct A XI 254; proper, actual VIII 71, A IX 62, C II 29, X 69; ~ loue love in accordance w. uncorrupted nature, caritas XIII 150, C XIV 14; pers. Ill 299, C III 452. [OE gecynde] kyndely adv. by their essential nature XIV 88; familiarly V 538, A VI 26, C VII 183; w. intrinsic understanding I 81, 163, XV 2, A I 79, C XI 138, XX 230; from their nature C IX 214; effectively C XX 213; correctly C IV 147, XVII 111; pleasantly, w. kind consideration III 15, A III 15. [OE gecyndelice] kyndenesse n. goodwill, friendliness expressed in kind or generous action V 433, XIII 389, C VII 46; pers. generous conduct A III 274. [fr. adj.] kyndly adj. naturally inherent C XVII 153. [OE cyndelic]

kenis w. sg. n. kind(s) XIV 17, A X 26, C V 20; w. pi. n. II 201, A X 27; gen. pi. kynne w. sg. n. C X 151; kyne C Pr 26; w. pi. n. kynne kinds, sorts Pr 223, C X 1 5 ; kyne A VII 62, C III 378; kyn A III 212, CIII 280; kenne A XII 110; of species, class IX 25, A X 26, C X 151; alle ~ of all peoples XIII 208, XIX/XXI203, CIII 23 5; bre ~ of three nations XIX/XXI 95. by early misdiv. skynes All 162, C II 215; skenis A X 2. [OE cyn, cynnes, cynna] kynde n. 1. inherent quality, nature II 77, XVII 275, XVIII 375, A IX 37, C XVI 370, XX 189; a natural property XIV 43, C XV 241; natural complement XVII 251, C XIX 217; wendeoutof- change for the worse C II 250; pers. the divine nature XVII 276, C XIX 257. 2. human nature XVIII 222, C III 356, 402; sinful human nature XVII 335, C XIX 315; physical system XIII 403, C VI 430; physical vigour, natural vitality XI 262, XX/XXII 199, C XII 148; cours of ~ natural physical process III 56, C III 60; of ~ naturally C IX 169; in the natural course C XVIII 223; by ~ from the nature (of) XVII 344, C XIX 324; form, appearance XI 368, C XIII 178. 3. natural instinct, (innate) character XI 403, XIX/XXI 282, 400, C I 67, III 251; the nature of fallen humanity C XVII 161, XVIII 78; be ~ of natural in XVIII 13, C XX 11. 4. Nature as the creative principle XIII 18; pers. God the Creator IX 2, XI 326, XII 226, XVIII 76, A X 26, C XIV 160, XV 18, XX 78; God apocalyptically responding to human sinfulness through created nature XX/XXII 76, 80, 384. 5. created nature XVIII 211, C XX 220; the natural world, God's creation pers. XI 321, C XIII 131; the divinely inherent law of the natural world XIV 120, XV 52, C X 173; by ~ of natural right XI 67; maugre ~ C X 246; lawe of ~ natural justice VI 221, XX 18, A VII 207, C VIII 230, XVII 152. 6. species, kind Pr 186, IX 144, XI 336, CXIII 151, XIV 163; variety C XVIII 62; kind of behaviour C VI 193; humankind XX/XXII 372, C XVIII 67; class of being V 588, XV 14, A VI 75, C VII 235; fellow men XVII 257, C XIX 223; people X 4 3 1 , A XI 290, C

107

kyng - knoweliched

Glossary

kyng n. 1. sovereign ruler, king Pr 92, 112, A II 10, CPrl48; pi. 194, A VIII 9, C III 44. 2. of Christ XVIII 265, C XX 277; of the deity hye ~ of heuene XV 511, C XVII 262; of the Magi XIX/ XXI 86; pi XIX/XXI 72; gen. pi. kyngene XIX/XXI 79; Cesar fee ~ A I 46. [OE cyning] kyngdom, kyndom, kynedom n. realm, kingdom VII 161, A VIII 139, C II 250; fig. A II 62; nation XVIII 109, C XX 112; of heaven Pr 105, C Pr 133. [OE cyingdom] kyngene see KYNG. kynghod, kinghed n. royal status, royalty X338, A XI 226. [ME] kyngryche, kyn(n)eryche n. kingdom Pr 125, C X 112; of heaven C XII 169. [OE cyningrice] kynnesmen n. male blood relations, kinsmen XV 247. [ME] kynnes womman n. kinswoman C II 149. [ME] kynrede n. family connexions IX 177, A X 198, C X 258; descendants, progeny A X 158. [OEcynrede] kirk, kirke see CHIRCHE. kirkeward adv. in phr. to ~ in the direction of the church V 297, A V 147, C VI 351. [ME] kyrk(e)3erde n. cemetery in the church grounds XIII 9, CXV11. [EME] kirtel n. tunic V 79, XI 285, A V 62. [OE cyrtel] kisse(n), kusse v. kiss Pr 73, A Pr 70, C II 149; pa.t.lsg. A XII 47; 3sg. X 234, XVI 152, A XI 177, C XX 463; pr.subj.pl. XVIII 417, C XX 460; mp.sg. IV 3, A IV 3, C IV 3; pi XVIII 428, C XX 471. [OEcyssan] kissyngeger. kissing C VI 187, XVI 149, C XVIII 172. kip, kuth n. 1. homeland XV 535, C XVII 196. 2. people from (sbody's) homeland XIII 378. 3. realm III 204, XIX/XXI 79, A III 191, CIII 261. [OE cyb] kiton, kitoun n. kitten Pr 203, 194, C Pr 204, 208; pi. CPr215. [? AF] kytte n. woman's name (dim. of Katherine) XVIII426, C V 2 , VI 304, XX 469. knappes, knoppis n. ornamental buttons or clasps VI 270, A VII 254. [OE cruep] knaue n. 1. servant, serving man III 132,

V 117, A IV 17, CPr40, V 161; pi. Pr 226, AV160, C IX 206. 2. peasant VI 49, C VIII 46; labourer, workman C III 412; pi V309, A VII 181, C I 125, V 65; of minor devils lads, rascals C XX 287; messenger A XII 77; Roberdes ~ thieving vagabonds Pr 44, A Pr 44, C Pr 45. [OEcnafa] knees, knes, knowes n. pi. knees I 79, V 352, A V 88, C III 93, V 106. [OE cneow] knele(n) v. kneel (in reverence or respect) V 387, 477, A XI 100, C VII 119; pr.t.lsg. V 105, A V 8 5 ; pa.t.lsg. 179, A I I I , CI76; 3sg. Ill 43, A III 217, C III 45; pi XIX/XXI 75, C XVII 177; pr. subj.sg. X315, CV161; imp.sg. XIX/ XXI 209; prp. Pr 124, XIX/XXI 95, A III 105; come(n) ~ came on bended knee Pr73, XIX/XXI 74, A Pr 70, C Pr 71. [OE cneowlian] knelyngger. kneeling X 143, A XI 96. knet see KNYTTEN; knewliche(d) see KNOWELICHED.

knyf n. dagger, knife worn as sidearm V 79, A V 62; pi V 165, XX/XXII 219. [OE cnifl kny3t n. armoured cavalryman holding land in feudal tenure for military service, member of a chivalric order, knight III 315, V 159, A VII 25, C X 266; pi I 100, A I 92, CPr 181; fig. Ill 110, XVII 1, AX 17, C XII 76; pi XI 313, C I 105; pi lighting men, warriors VII 161, A VIII 139; soldiers XIX/XXI 144. [OE cniht] kny3ted v. pa.t.3sg. dubbed, raised to knighthood fig. I 105, A I 103. [fr. n.] knyghtho(o)d, knyhthoed, knyghthed(e) n. 1. coll. the Second Estate, the bellatores Pr 112, XV 553, C Pr 143; knightly rank X 336, A XI 226. 2. the order of knighthood C I 98; by synech. a chivalrous deed XVIII 96, C XX 99. [ME] knytten v. fasten Pr 169, C Pr 186; pp. XV 242, CIII 211. [OEcnyttan] knokn. blow X 332, CV177. [fr. v.] knokked v. pa.t. 1 sg. beat, struck C V 106; 3sg. V 390, XVI 128, C VII 6; knocked XX/XXII 329; pr.subj.pl. C VIII 286; pa.t.Ssg. struck down XX/XXII 130. [OEcnocian] knoweliched, know(e)leched, knolechede, kneweliched v. 1. pa.t.Bsg. admitted, 108

knoweliched - konne

Glossary

pa.t.pl. A IV 66; know (of), be/are/is aware of pr.t.lsg. V 631, A VI 116, C X 112; 2sg. Ill 185, VIII 72, A IX 63, C III 231; 3sg. IV 61, A X 10, C VI 144, VII 195; pi. I 136, III 147, A I 125, VI 38, CIII 185; pa.t.lsg. C XVI 292; pi. IV 80; prp. XX/XXII 67; realize pr.Usg. XII 174, C XIV 114; pa.t.pl XII 78; imp.sg. VI 49; be conscious of XII 230. 5. learn and understand XI 325, 418, XVII 42, A XI 103, C III 341, XI 110; pr.subj.sg. C XVIII 198; pp. XI 407; intr. XII 219. 6. know, have understanding of I 163, X 151, A XI 103, C I 159, III 364; pr.t. 3sg. XII 226, XIII 134, A X 133; pi. C XV 181, XVII 292; pa.t.Bsg. XIII 187, CXIV 159; pi. XII 153; pa.subj.pl. XI 108, C XII 42; imp.sg. XVII 140; pp. XI 414, C XIII 222; pr.t.lsg. XV 25, C XVI 185; pi. XIII 115, C XV 122; abs. pa.t.pl. X 471; ~ and konne learn and understand XV 45, C XVI 207; pa.subj. sg. were master of XV 49, C XVI 211. 7. pr.t.lsg. am capable of C VI 322; 3sg. XVII 145, C XIX 119; pi. C VIII 266; pr.t.pl. resoun ~ are rational people C XIX 229. 8. worship, honour I 109, A I 107, C XVIII 93; sarcastic X 57, A XI 43, C XI 38; honour and observe, respect C IX 233; pr.t. pi. IV 41; pp. C IV 71; pa.t.pl. acknowledged XV 587, C XVII 298; pp. XV 532, C XVII 282; imp.sg. take cognizance of A XII 1. 9. make known, manifest XVI 192. [OE cndwan] knowes see KNEES. knowyng adj. pp. in phr. ~ in konnyng learned, erudite C XI 290. [ME] knowyng(e) ger. 1. perception, understanding X 478, XV 198; ability XIX/XXI 308. 2. recognition II 233, A II192, C II243. [fr. v.] See KYNDE. knowlichynge, knowlechyng ger. admission of sinfulness XIV 187, C XVI 30. konne, conne, kunne v. 1. have the ability, capability, resource (to), can pr.t.lsg. Pr 111, II 62, III 173, V 270, A IV 89, VIII 97, XI 165, C V 89, VI 196, 426; 2sg. II 47, III 173, V 533, A II 29, C X 151, XIX 220; 3sg. Pr 200, V 547, X 19, A XI 19, 25, C VI 56, IX 282, X 112, XI 18; pi. I 196, V 168, A I 170, XI 185, C XV 172; pa.t.lsg. IV 54, XIV 12, XV 2, A XI 169, C XV 151;

confessed V 473, A V 247, C VI 327; abs. pa.subj.pl. made admission of guilt C VII 147. 2. pr.t.3sg. declares C XIII 90; pa.t.pl. acknowledged XIX/XXI 77. 3. pr.subj.pl. admit, accept an obligation XIX/XXI 186. [ME] knowe(n) v. 1. know, recognize Pr 122, I 75, 114, A I 73, C I 7 2 ; pr.Usg. XVIII 273, C XX 295; pa.t.Bsg. XI 235, XVIII 244, C XV 30; pi. XI 239, XII 153, C XIV 97; pp. V 639, XI 233, A XII 43, C VI 26; recognized as such XV 17; to ~ to be recognized A X 54; identify XI 11, XV 209, XVI 147, C XI 170; pr.t.3sg. X 441; pa.t.lsg. XVI 179; pi. C XIV 97; imp.sg. II 47, A II 29, C II 49; pp. XV 232; distinguish VI 48, XIX/XXI 348, C VIII 45; pr.t.pl. XV 369, C XVII 105; pp. Pr 56, A Pr 53, C Pr 54. 2. be familiar w. XVII 10, XX/XXII 280, C XIX 11; pr.t.lsg. V538, XIII 131, A V I 26, C II 132; 3sg. V 596, XX/XXII 337, A VI 83, C X I 91, XIII 92; pi. VIII 15, XVII 116, C X 1 5 ; pa.t.3sg. knew IV 32, C IV 32, XVI 159; pp. familiar, well known X 239, XV 20, C XVI 168; pp. famous C XI 93; intr. pa.t. pi. ~ togideris copulated A X 146; pp. ~ for reputed IV 164, XI 302, C X 264; know about, know of, have/come by knowledge of VI 219, XI 49, A VII 205; pr.Usg. V 183, 532, A VI 20, C XVI 201; 3sg. XV 211; pi. XIV 112, XV 197, C XVI 368; pa.t.lsg. XVIII 274, XIX/XXI 413, C XX 296; pi. XV 587, C XVII 298; pa.subj.sg. XV 195; pi. XV 319, C XVII 54; (get to) know, be(come) conversant w. X 212, XIII 186, XIX/XXI 203, A XI 155, C XVI 224; pr.t.3sg. XII 171, CXIV 111; pa.t.lsg. XIII 310; 3sg. XIII 187; pr.subj.sg. IX 80, C XV 78; knows the character of II 139, A II 103, C II 155; become aware of XII 230; pr.t.3sg. is knowledgeable about C II 239; pa.t.3sg. II 229, A II 188; pa.subj.sg. XV 49, C XVI 211. 3. know for a fact C X 75; pr.t.lsg. Ill 284, A III 260, C V 8 3 ; 2sg. Ill 178, A III 165, C III 224; 3sg. XII 82, 235, C IV 76; pi. X 472, XIII 115, C I 47, VII 91; pa.t.Bsg. XII 69, 225; imp.sg. VI 49; pp. C VII 207; intr. pr.t.lsg. C XVI 185; pi. C I I 18. 4. perceive V 523, AVI 11; pr.Usg. Ill 67, A III 58, C III 71;

109

konne - lacche(n)

Glossary

2sg. XX/XXII 6; 3sg. VIII 6, X 141, XX/XXII 304, A IV 142, C X 6; pi. V 328, A V 177, C VI 386; pa.subj.2sg. VIII 76, A IX 67, C XVIII 2; l,3sg. I 116, V196, XIII 228, A V 1 1 2 , C II 14, IX 156; pi. Pr 201, XV 301, C XVII 319; pr.t.3sg. is capable of XI 413, XV 171, C XIII 222; pa.t.lsg. abs. XIII 310, C VI 58; pr.t.Ssg. ~ of is accomplished in XVIII46, CXX71; abs. pr.t.3sg. has the capability XIII 338, C VI 82; pa.t. 3sg. XI 166; pr.t.lsg. know how to V 188, X349, XIV 277, XX/XXII 336, A V 245, C IX 282; 2sg. C V 12; 3sg. I 145, XII 171, C Pr 208; pi. VI 149, XIII 178, A VII 114, CXIII 125; pa.t. 3sg. Ill 347, C VII 191; pi. Ill 344; pr.subj.sg. VIII 115, A IX 105; pa. subj.sg. V 24, 78, A IX 118; intr. pr.t .pi. Pr 33, VI 122, A Pr 33, C VIII 129; pa.t.pl. C III 16; pa.subj.sg. C VIII 21. 2. have knowledge of, know XV 53, XIX/XXI 99, A XII 7, C XVII 115; pr.t.lsg. Ill 3, 332, A III 3, C VII 10; 3sg. XIII 135, A XI 124, C XI 98, XVI 49; pi. X 21, 464, A XI 21, 308, C VIII 266, XIV 11; pa.t.3sg. V 513, C VII 158; pi. AVI 1; pr.subj.sg. VI 253; intr. pr.t.Bsg. XII 165, C II 239; pa.t.Bsg. II 229, XVI 101, A II 188; pr.t. 3 sg. is skilled, expert (in) XIX/XXI 255; pi. A X 107; pa.t.3sg. XIII 223, XVI 101, C XV 192; pr.subj.sg. XX/ XXII 342. 3. acquire knowledge of, learn, study VI 23, A XII 7; pa.t.pl X 473; pr.subj.sg. XX/XXII 206; abs. exercise intelligence XV 25, C XVI 185. 4. in phr. ~ his fyue wittes is a sensible being XIX/XXI 216; ~ kynde wit possesses intelligence XIX/XXI 315, C XI 225; colloc. w. knowe have mastery off XV 45, 62, 381, C XVI 224; pa.t.lsg. C VI 58; pa.subj.sg. XV 49, C XVI 211; come to understand C XI 99; pr.t.pl. distinguish or understand XV 369; ~ reson use your mind XIX/XXI 26; possess intelligence XV 476; good ~ talked sense Pr 182, C Pr 199; ~ konnynge is resourceful XII 162; carpynge I ~ language I commanded X 143; ~ on book read X 473; ~ no cortesye lacks manners and breeding C X 264. 4. as modal emph. aux. pr.t.pl. VI 68, A VII 62, C VIII 69; pa.t.lsg. X 226, A XI

169. [OE cunnan] konnynge(e), connyng, cunnyng adj. 1. learned III 34, A XI 273, C XIV 102; knowledgeable III 347; educated XII 174; expert in moral theology XI 70. 2. superl. most proficient C VI 42. 3. shrewdly successful in trade C X 257. konnynge, kunnyng ger. 1. expertise XIII 292, XIX/XXI 234; command X455, C XI 280; expert knowledge XI 66; pi. C XV 131; ability XIX/XXI 253; commendable skill XIX/XXI 458; resourcefulness X 453, C XIV 36, 106; intelligence A X 50, C XV 18(2). 2. learning XI 212, 302, C XI 222, XIV 19; education XI 299, C XIII 113. 3. wisdom XIII 15, C XV 18(1). kulle(d) see KILLEN; kultour see CULTOUR. kutte, kitte v. 1. cut V 32, C V 134; pa.t.3sg. XX/XXII 56; imp.sg. IV 164, C IV 159. 2. pa.t.pl. shortened VI 188. [? OE *
L laborer, labourer n. working man, manual worker III 300, A IV 130, C IV 144; pi. Pr 223, A II 45, C VIII 329; craftsmen C XI 251; employees XV 330; servant C III 348; pi. C V 73; serf A VI 35, C III 310. [AF] laboryng ger. effort, exertion C VIII 250. labour, laboure n. 1. labour, toil VI 251, XIX/XXI 237, A IX 73. 2. exertion XIV 130, C IX 208; use, exercise XIX/XXI 232; effort Pr 181, C XVI 40; work C V 42; work done, task performed C VIII 196, XV 199; activity XII 163, C V 85, XIV 107. 2. workman XIV 313, C XVI 147. [AF] laboure(n), labory v. do manual work VI 26, 124, A VII 218, C V S , 69; fig. XV 187; pp. XIX/XXI 384; work (for a living) XIX/XXI 239, C V 4 5 ; pr.t.pl. C VIII 213; pa.t.3sg. C VIII 249; pi. C XI 251; pp. C VIII 254; imp.sg. work busily A VII 13. [AF laborer] lacche(n), lache v. 1. catch V 348, A V 196, C VI 406; pa.t.3sg. Pr 150, C Pr 171; pr.subj.pl II 206, A II 167, C II 218. 2. fig. pr.t.3sg. seizes, grasps XVI 50; pa.t.3sg. XVI 86, C XVIII 118. 3.

110

lacche(n) - large

Glossary

imp.sg. II 48, C VIII 85; prp. XIII 286; belittle, disparage XI 396, VII 23, XV 78; pr.t.lsg. C XIII 26; pa.t.3sg. XI 2, C XI 162; pr.subj.sg. XI 214; XIX/XXI 254; imp.sg. XI 106, XII 97, C XII 40; pp. II 21, A II 17, C II 20; abs. find fault C XIV 6, XIX 103; pr.t.Ssg. XV 253; pr.t.pl revile XV 602, C XVIII 310. [fr. fol.] lakkes n. shortcomings, faults, moral defects X 268. [probably OE: cp. MDu lac, OI adj. lakr] lakkyng(e) ger. 1. scarcity (of sthing) XX/XXII 36. 2. fault-finding XIII 322. [fr. v.] laklees, lacles adj. flawless, without fault, perfect XI 390, C XIII 209. [ME] lambren see LOMB. lame adj. crippled or maimed, especially in the leg A VII 180, C VIII 189, IX 216; as coll. n. the lame, cripples XIX/XXI 125. [OElama] lammesse, lammasse, lamasse n. Lammas, harvest festival, 1 August VI 289, A VII 273, C VIII 312. [OE hlafiruesse] lampe, laumpe n. lamp 1189, A I 163, C 1185; in phr. ~ lyne quotation alluding to a lamp XIII 151. [AF] land see LOND. lanes n. narrow streets, alleys II 219, A II 178, C II 229. [OElane] lang see LONG. langagen. language XV 376, C XVIII 80; pi. XIX/XXI 203. [AF] langour n. 1. sickness, disease C XVIII 141; misery, wretchedness XIV 118, XVIII 227, C XV 294, XX 236. [AF] lanterne n. lantern in phr. lik a ~ hollowcheeked, gaunt VI 177, A VII 162, C VIII 174. [AF] lape v. lap V 356, C VI 414; drink XX/XXII 18. [OElapian] lapperc. lap V 354, XVI 255, C VIII 281, XVIII 271; folds of a skirt C VIII 316; pi. VI 293, A VII 277. [OEleppa] large n. liberality, open-handedness, resources for conferment of gifts XIX/XXI 43; in phr. at- freely, without difficulty XX/XXII 192. [AF] large adj. 1. generous, liberal XIII 298, C III 249, 289. 2. broad, wide XVIII 45, C XIII 30; big XIX/XXI 263, C XVIII 22, 70; of measurement full, generous X 167, A XI 119. [AF]

pa.t.3sg. took XX/XXII 152, A XII 42; pa.t.Bsg. carried off XVIII 326; pp. A XII 96; ~ leue took formal leave III 25, A XII 55, C I 204. 4. acquire, come by VI 228, XIII 228, C H O I , III 391; pr.t. pi. C II 141; pr.subj.sg. XI 223; pi. XV 240, C XVI 365; earn XI 301; pa.t.3sg. took possession of I 30, A I 30; in phr. ~ mankynde assumed human form XVII 151, C XIX 125. [OElaccan] lacchynge ger. receiving, getting 1103, A I 101. lachedraweres n. intrusive door-to-door beggars C VIII 286, 1X193. [ME] lachesse, lachesse n. inaction, laziness VIII 36, A IX 32, C IX 268. [AF] lad, ladde, laddest see LEDEN. ladde n. workman C VIII 194; follower C III 248; pi. household servants, serving men XIX/XXI 32. [? OSc] laddre n. ladder XVI 44, C XVIII 44. [OE hinder] ladel n. ladle XIX/XXI 279. [OE hl*det\ lady n. 1. woman of gentle or noble birth III 338, A VII 7, C III 490; pi. Ill 54, V 244, A VII 18, C VIII 7; fig. abbess C VI 138; fig. ofpers. 13, III 91, V 623, A X 13, C II 8, X 142; uninfl. gen. sg. XVIII 337. [OE hltfdige] lafte see LEUE(N) v.(3). lay«. song XIII 456, C VII 116; pi. VIII 66, A IX 57, C X 65. [AF lat\ layesn.pl. system of lawes C XXI 43. [AF lei\ Iai3es see LEYES. layk n. match, contest XIV 244, C XVI 84. [cp. OI leikr] laike, layk v. play Pr 172, C XVI 176. [cp. OI leiha] layn v. imper. sg. decline to answer, remain silent C II18. [cp. OI leyna] lakke, lacky v. 1. impers. w. dat. be lacking XI 289, XX/XXII 210, C XIII 103; pr.t. XI 282, XIX/XXI 468, C III 387; pa.t. 1X39; w. nom. subj. pr.t.Ssg. lacks, is without (sthing) XVII 297; pi. IX 73; pr.t.Bsg. is wanting X 191, A XI 143; pr.subj.sg. be scanty V 457, A V 229, C VI 311; pa.t.3sg. was unfulfilled XIX/ XXI 112. 2. find fault w., criticize V 133, C VI 98; pr.t.lsg. XV 249, C I 116; 3sg. X 316; pi. Ill 54, C III 58; pa.t.2sg. XI 421; 3sg. C III 131; pi. XV 4; pr.subj.sg. XI 388, C XIII 206; 111

largely - lawe

Glossary

largely adv. generously XIX/XXI 60, C IV 67; fully XX/XXII 87; abundantly C II 141. [fr. adj.] largenesse n. generosity C XVII 65; pers. V 623, A VI 109, C VII 275. [fr. adj.] largere adv. comp. more fully, in more detail XI 161. [fr. adj.] largesse n. excl. in phr. a ~ behold the liberality (of sbody) XIII 448, C VII 108. [AF] larkew. skylark XII 264, C XIV 187. [OE Idwerce] lasse see LITEL; laste see LATE. laste adj. superl. 1. most recent, latest XVIII 314; ultimate C II 78; ~ ende final state, moment of death and judgement XIV 133, CXII 195; at theende at long last C V 97; in the long run CXVI 160. 2. asn. in phr. at be ~ at/in the end XIV 143, C XVII 138, XX 352; finally XIII 366, XIV 70, C V 95, VI 265; at death C XVII 137; ultimately Pr 98, II 141, A II 105, C IV 155; in due course XX/XXII 157, 175, 346, A III 87, C XII 186; in the fullness of time XVIII 204, XIX/XXI 192, C XII 208, XVII 146, XIX 95; at length, at last V 391, XIII 21, XVI 20, CVII7, 1X208; to conclude the matter C XX 355; once and for all XII 26; when he had done XV 14. [OE latost, latest] laste v. endure, last IX 46, XIX/XXI 45, A II 60, C XVII 66; pr.t.Ssg. Ill 28, XX/XXII 211; keep fresh, remain unspoiled C XII 220; continue, go on XVII 8; pr.t.Ssg. VI 288, A VII 272, C III 205; pi. A XII 93; pp. Ill 192, A III 179; be continual XV 258; pr.t.Ssg. holds out XX/XXII 142, CXI 71; pi. C III 32. [OElastan] lat see LEDEN; late see LETEN. late adv. 1. recently, lately III 110, A III 99, C III 147. 2. late (in the night) XV 19, C IV 48, VI 160; after long delay X 214, A XI 157; in phr. hope ~ and rape at all times IX 13, A X 13, C X 140, XI 87; ~ ne raj>e at any time, ever III 73, A III 55; til ~ and longe after a long and wearisome time V 515, A VI 3, C VII 160. 3. comp. more slowly, less readily I 199, A I 173. [OE] later adj. comp. more recent, subsequent C XX 348. [cp. OEl<et] layered pp. soaked, laundered XIV 7. [OE

lehrari] latyn n. 1. the Latin language, Latin Pr 129, C I 140. 2. a text or passage in Latin III 97, A III 86, C IX 213. 3. reading of Latin III 337, C III 489; fals ~ incorrect Latin XI 304, C XIII 118. [AF latin] latter see LATE .adv. Iau3en, lauhe(n), lawhe, lawen v. 1. laugh C XVI 304; pr.t.pl. C XVI 302; pa.t.3sg. C II 32. 2. be amused IV 19, XIII 228, C VII 22, 83. 3. laugh in contempt, ridicule by laughter IV 106, C XVI 310; pa.t.Ssg. XIX/XXI 459; prp. CVI23. 4. rejoice, be joyful XIII 449, C VII 109; pr.Usg. VI13, A V 9 3 ; pi. C XV 199; prp. IV 153. 5. pa.t.Ssg. smiled XI 84, XIV 34, A XII 42, C XVIII 3; pr.subj. sg. XI 209, C XV 146; prp. X 145, A XI 98, C III 55; delighted, enthusiastic XX/XXII 114. [OEhlMan] Iau3yng, lauhynge, leyhing ger. 1. laughter V 336, A V 185, C VI 394; smiling XVI 155. 2. amity XVIII 414, C XX 457. lauhfollyche adv. in accordance w. the law CIX59. [ME] laumpe see LAMPE. launce n. lance III 305, C III 458. [AF lance] launde n. glade, forest clearing, open woodland VIII 65, A IX 56, C Pr 8; fig. longe ~ secluded place X 166, A XI 118, C X 64; pi. on ~ in the woodlands XV 298, 304. [AF] launseth, launceth v. pr.t.Ssg. of plant growth shoots, springs C XII 222; pi. C XII 186; pr.t.Ssg. trans. - vp puts forth C XVIII 10. [AF launcer] laurence n. Lawrence the Deacon C II 133. lauendrye n. laundry room XV 187, C XVI 333. [?AF: cp. lavendiere] laueth v. pr.t.Ssg. washes clean C XVI 333; pp. XIV 5. [OE lafian, AF laver] lawe n. 1. the system or sum of laws of the land, the law Pr 122, II 198, A II 99, C III 377, IV 175; pi. II 22, III 77, A III 203, C III 78, VIII 85; comune ~ XVIII 72, C XX 74; ech a ~ each of the three legal systems XI 97, C XII 63. 2. administration or enforcement of the law Pr213, II 124, III 156, All 88, III 146, CIII 451, IV 174. 3. law as a body of

112

lawe - lede(n)

Glossary

195; truly impartial justice IV 180, XI 145, XIV 146, A III 273, C XII 89, XVII 130; pers. administration of the law in the true spirit of justice II 48, 136, III 294, A II 100, C III 197. 3. integrity of life, conduct in accordance w. Christian morality IV 36, XI 167, XV 468, C III 379, VII 260, XI 158; fig. as a manual of conduct C XII 97; as aspiration to recover the imago dei C X 172; pers. II 21, III 291, IV 161, XI 84, A III 267, C II 20, III 444, IV 156. [AF] leche, lecche n. 1. physician XX/XXII 304; pi II 226, A VII 257, C III 301, VIII 294; fig. I 204, XVI 118, C I 199; healer XIV 302, C XVI 138; by melon. medicine XIV 318. [OE Idee} lechecraft, lechecraeft n. 1. medical skill VI 254, XX/XXI 173, A VII 238; fig. XVI 104, C XVIII 137; fig. healing grace XIII 337, CVI81. [OE \ececr<efi\ lechen v. 1. cure XIII 253, C XV 219; pa.t.Ssg. C VIII 189, XVIII 141; w. spiritual sense C XIX 95. 2. pa.t.Ssg. raised from the dead XVI 113. [fr. n. and cp. OE l&cnan} lecherie n. 1. sexual self-indulgence, lechery Pr 77, A Pr 74, C HI 57; promiscuity VI 143; fig. II 89, X 166, A II 61, C XVIII 36; sexual activity IX 184, CX285, XI 262; bawdy stories X 50, A XI 36; sexual intrigue III 126, C VI 194; sexual desire, libido XIII 343, C VI 176, XVII 80; pers. I 30, A I 30; the capital sin lust, luxuria VI 143, C X 161; pers. XIV 250, C VI 170. 2. fig. uncontrolled luxury, extravagance XV 103, C XVI 256. [AF] lecherous(e) adj. self-indulgent, morally unregulated II 125, AII 89. [AF] lechyng ger. the physician's care C XIX 75. lechour n. lecher, lascivious person VI 266, A VII 250; pi XIII 352, C VI 195; pers. the capital sin V71, AV54. [AF] lede(n)v. guide, lead XI 21, XVII 120, C XI 180; pr.t.3sg. C XV 274; pi X 22, XIII 455, C VII 115; pp. XIII 12, C XV 15; pa.t.Ssg. led forth V 490; (of a mount) pa.t.Ssg. XVII 67, C XIX 66. 2. take XVIII 270, C XX 443; pa.t.Ssg. XVII 74, C XIX 73; pi C XVIII 177; imp.pl II 135, XV 83; -in admit C VII 253. 3. escort, accompany XIX/XXI

knowledge, legal erudition XI 171, 219, A XI 128, C XI 116; pers. the legal profession II 156, III 300, XI 223, A III 150, 273, C II 172; clerkes of pe ~ lawyers X451, C XI 276; prentices oflaw students XIX/XXI231. 4. rule or set of rules of conduct VII 90, XVIII 343, A VIII 72, C VII 73; regulation XX/XXII 10, CIII 88, 120, XIII 50; statute C III 206; pi. VI 318, A VII 299, C VIII 338; by synec. legal marriage IX 191, A X 204. 5. true legal right, justice III 159, 294, IV 176, A III 269, C III 294, XX 393. 6. righteous conduct IX 202, XIX/XXI 111, C V I 4 5 , 1X213, XVII 162. 7. pers. maladministration of the law IV 175, C IV 169; pi in phr. Foluyles ~ by melon, the rule of violence XIX/XXI 247. 8. civil (sc. Roman) or canon law XV 243, A VIII 14; canon law C XIII 83, XVII 283; ageyn pe ~ without licence XV 530, C XVII 280. 8. the moral law proper to a rational being I 161, VII 195, A VIII 173, C I 157, XI 97, XVII 136; coll.pl XI 166, XV 411; natural justice XIX/XXI 468; distinction between right and wrong IX 80; a natural principle XX/XXII 266. 9. the Christian dispensation X 358, C VII 260; goddes ~ XV 93; cristes- C XVII 251; -oflif XIX/XXI 45; Judaism XIX/XXI 112, A XI 298, C X 196; olde ~ the first dispensation XI 205, C XII 113; olde ~ and newe ~ fig. XIX/XXI 310. 10. religious doctrine, teaching XII 34, 287, A X 132, 206, C X 191, XVII 130; pi. XVIII 107, C XX 110; fig. XIX/XXI 334. 11. commandment X 360, XI 229, XVII 10, C XII 120; pi XVII 17, XIX/XXI 33, A VI 94, C IX 341; moral injunction, precept X 40, A X 180, C X 219; point of doctrine XII 213. [OE lagu] laweful adj. equitable XI 145; righteous XV 308. [cp. OI logfullr] lawieres n. advocates, lawyers VII 60, A VIII 61. [MEfr.n.] Ia3ar n. 1. Lazarus (John 11) XV 593, XVIII 267, C XVII 302. 2. a leprous beggar (Luke 16.20), XVI 255, C VIII 278; pi lepers C XVIII 141. leaute(e), leute, lewte(e), lewetee n. 1. respect for law expressed in conduct Pr 122; fig. coll. law-abiding persons Pr 126, C Pr 150. 2. absolute justice C VI

113

lede(n) - legistres

Glossary

224; pa.t.Ssg. Pr 112, C Pr 139, III 129, XVIII 3; fig. pr.subj.pl. accompany C XII 95. 4. govern, rule Pr 126, IV 148, A IV 147, C Pr 150; pr.t.2sg. C IV 12; pp. IX 16; pr.t.Ssg. controls III 158, IX 59, A III 148, CIII 196; ~ forj) preside over X 20, A XI 20. 5. conduct pr.t.pl. IX 193, C XVI 18, XVIII 77; pa.t.2sg. VII 195, A VIII 173; pi. C IX 341. 6. carry II 182, A II 143, C II 195; pr.t.Ssg. C XIII 56; pr.subj.sg. XIV 307, C XVI 142; haul IV 147, A IV 130, C IV 144; pr.t.lsg. transmit, transfer C VI 246; pa.t.lsg. V248. [OElzdan] ledene n. 1. beseeching cry XII 255. 2. cry or song of a bird XII 246, 264, C XIII 172. [OE laden] ledere, ledare n. 1. chief, head 1159, C I 155; Jig. of the soul as principally manifesting the imago del A X 46; ruler XIX/XXI 100, C XV 169; chairman, president X312, A XI 212; pi. C V 158; guide C XVI 158; pi XII 96. 2. pi guardians, custodians C VIII 250. [OE Ididere] ledes see LEODE. ledynge ger. guidance, direction II 43, A II 25, CII46. leed,led«. the metal lead V591, A VI 78, C VII 238. [OElead] leef, lef, leue «.(!) 1. leaf (of a plant or tree) I 156, C I 152; by synec. foliage XV 102, C XVI 255; pi XII 231, C XVI 249; fig. V 140, XVI 6, C XVIII 48; a trifle C V 97. 2. leaf (of a book), page III 341, C III 492; pi V 268; page of text V 201, A V 1 1 7 , C VI 209. 3. detail A VII 238; item VII 181, XIII 96, A VIII 159, C XV 103. [OE leafi leef, leue w.(2) beloved one, darling II 33; pleasure C IX 146. [OE leaf] leef, lef adj. 1. beloved IV 39, C VI 171; in address dear V 556, A VI 43, C II 18; super!, dearest III 6, A III 6, C III 6; most desirable I 151; most precious XVII 284, A I 136; most valued C V 85. 2. pleasant, agreeable I 37, IX 59, A I 35, C I 35. 3. well-disposed XI 209, C XII 117. 4. eager XIII 322, XX/XXII 195, C VI 116. 4. comp. dearer, more cherished V 38, C XX 454; w. forms of han/haue ~ prefer, have rather, would rather V 142, C VII 22; w. dat. is/were ~ is/would be preferable (to) V 154, X 11,

A XI 11, CVI129. [OEleaf] leef, lef, leue adv. readily, eagerly XIII 349, C VI 183; w. impers. v. ~ likej) at ... pleasure/will Pr 163, A IV 131, C III 18; comp. more dearly 1143, A VI 50; superl. V 563, C I 142; comp. more eagerly, earnestly XV 195. [as adj.] leek, lek n. leek V 81, A V 64. [OE lee] leere, lere, lire n. countenance 13, A I 3, C I 3 . [OE blear] leest(e) see LYTEL. left, lift, luft adj. left III 73, A III 55, C III 75; back, verso (of a manuscript leaf) III 341, C III 493; impl bad luck ~ half/hand II 5, V 578, A VI 65, C II 5; as n. agent of misfortune IV 62. [OE

*iyft]

legtt. leg VI 122, A VII 114, C IX 216; pi. XVIII 73, A XII 78, C VIII 129. [cp. 01 leggr] legates, legatus n. pi. papal emissaries XIII421, C VII 81. [AF] legende n. in phr. ~ of lif Book of Life (Rev. 20.12) X 381, A XI 262, C XI 204; for legenda C XVII 157. [L or CF] legge v.(l) assert, advance as a charge XI 96. [cp. AF alleger] legge(n), leyen, lege v.(2) 1. lay, place, put XVIII 34, C XX 33; pa.t.Ssg. V 352, XVII 73, C VI 410; pi. XII 120, C XIV 63; pp. XV 593, C XII 184; pr.t.Ssg. is setting V 348, XVI 44, C VI 406; arrange XI 348, C XIII 159; pa.t.Ssg. A V 196; pa.t.Ssg. ~ his eighen togidres closed his eyelids XVIII 59, C XX 59; pr.t.pl. ~ ere listen C XVI 145; pa.t.pl ~ fautes vpon reproached X 106; pa.t.pl. ~ aliry contorted, twisted VI 122, A VII 114, C VIII 129; intr. pr.t.Bsg. lays eggs XI 348. 2. put down as security V 241, XX/XXII 13; pa.t.pl C V 7 3 ; pawn C VIII 291; wager II 34, XVIII 158, A VII 252, C XX 161; pr.t.3sg. XVIII 31, C XX 30; pp. Ill 202, A III 189, C III 259; imp.sg. put down as equivalent of value XI 171, C XII 93. 3. pa.t.Ssg. ~ on belaboured XX/XXII 189; fig. imp.sg. XIII 146, C XV 146; intr. beat, paddle (as in laundering) XV 191; pa.t.Ssg. attacked XX/XXII 114. [OE lecgan] legion, legioun n. host, multitude XX/XX 87; pi I 111, A I 109. [AF] legistres n. pi. legists, doctors of civil and

114

legistres - lengbe

Glossary

XVIII 124, C XX 140. [OE leoma] lemman n. 1. mistress V 410, XX/XXII 152, C VII 26; pi. concubines III 151, A III 140, C XVI 279; pi. lovers XX/XXII 104. 2. fig. sweetheart IX 6, A X 6, CX133; beloved one II 21, XIII 139, A X 46, C II 20. [ME fr. leof + man] lene, leene adj. lean Pr 123, VIII 120, A IX 110, C VIII 278; hollow, shrunken V 82, A V 65; scanty C VIII 262. [OE blane lened(e) v.(l) 1. pa.t.lsg. rested Pr 9, A Pr9, C P r 8 ; re/7. A IX 56; paused and rested VIII 65. 2. leaned (for support), relied XVI 246. [OE hleonian] lenede v.(2) pa.t.lsg. in phr. ~ me to came to arrived at XVIII 5, C XX 5. [OE lendan: form here influenced by lenen] lene(n) v.(3) 1. give VI 17, XVII 351, C IV 191, XIX 40, 331; pr.t.Ssg. VII 77, IX 108, XX/XXII 229, A XI 49; pi. Pr 77, APr74, C Pr 75; pa.t.3sg. X 63, C XI 45, XVII 155; imp.sg. C VIII 285; pp. XIV 39, C XV 238; abs. give alms IX 204, XIII 298 , A XI 152, C X 303; pr.t.3sg. XI 180, XV 170, C XII 108; pr.subj.pl. I 181, XI 179, A I 155, C X 92, XII 117; imp.sg. VI 221, A III 223, C VIII 230; of the deity: pr.subj.sg. grant Pr 126, V 261, X 411, C Pr 150, XI 242; pp. bestowed XIV 39, C XV 238. 2. lend V241; pa.t.lsg. C VI 244; 3sg. C VIII 246; pp. V244; pa. t. 3sg. fig. V 295; intr. lend money, make loans XV 155, C VI 243; pr.t.lsg. V 247, C VI 245; 3sg. C XVI 132; pa.t.lsg. XIII 388, C VI 277; 2sg. V 250, C VI 248; 3sg. XIII 359, C XVI 314; pp. V 251. [OE leenan] lenge v. 1. pr.t.pl. remain, continue X 302, A XI 208. 2. tarry, stay I 209, A I 183; pr.t.pl. XIX/XXI 418; pa.t.3sg. was living VIII 7, A IX 7, C X 7. [OE lengan] lengbe, lenthe, lenghe n. length XVI 182, XVII 61, C XVIII 20, XIX 60; reach XIV 242, C XVI 82; in ~ and in brede from one end to the other II 89, A III 190, C II 96; ~ of a mile as the time it takes to walk a mile XV 187, C XIII 39. [OE lengh, lengu] lengbe, lenghe v. prolong, lengthen XVIII

canon law VII 14, A VIII 61. [AF] legityme adj. as n. person born in wedlock CX211. [AFlegitime] leye, lye n. flame XVII 217, C XIX 183; light XVII 210, C XIX 176; fig. XVII 280, C XIX 261. [OEleg] leye, lei adj. fallow, untilled CX217, 272. [*M ley(en) see LEGGEN, LIGGE. leyes n. untilled fields VII 5, A VIII 5, C 1X5. [OEleah] leighe see LYEN. leiaunce n. allegiance, feudal obligations C XVIII 200. [AF lijance, legeaunce] leksedn. leek seed C XII 191. [ME] lel(e), leel(e) adj. 1. legal, lawful XX/XXII 138, C X 291; just C XII 89, XX 307. 2. upright, righteous X 439, XI 241, XIII 287, A XI 182, C VIII 74, IX 14, XVI 24; superl. XIII 294; virtuous C VII 251; as n. the righteous XVII 47, C XIII 69; beneficial C V 103. 3. truthful, candid XI 69, C VII 197, 238; in phr. ~ cause a basis of truth C XVII 131. 4. trustworthy, reliable, XI 167, 219, C III 348, VIII 140, XI 293, XIX 28; superl. XVII 27; honest XIV 313, C Pr 147, VIII 260; genuine C VIII 294. 5. loyal XIX/XXI 60; as coll. n. loyal subjects C III 317. 6. excellent C XIX 186; in phr. ~ bileue (belief in) the true faith X 355, A XI 238, C XII 87; faith expressed in righteous conduct XIV 46, C XV 244, XVII 127; ~ lawe religion based on truth XV 582; ~ loue the charity enjoined by the Great Commandment XI 162, XV 34, C Pr 88, XV 136; as adv. in phr. ~ lyuynge of righteous life XII 62, C III 339. [AF] lelly, leelly, lely, lelelyche adv. in lawful conformity VII 182, A VIII 160, C IX 328; in accordance w. the Great Commandment I 181, X 192, A I 155, C I 177, VII 208; fig. C XIX 194; righteously, in righteousness XIX/XXI 232, C IX 59, XVI 359; justly C III 310; sincerely, wholeheartedly VII 128, XIII 149, XV 554, A XI 144, C XVII 133; as truthful C II 78; honestly XIX/ XXI 384, C VIII 254; guilelessly C XI 265; confidently X 124, XV 155; faithfully I 78, III 30, A X 13, CIII 31; correctly C VIII 297, XVII 117. [fr. adj.] leme, leem n. radiance, dazzling light 115

lengpe - lesyng(e)

Glossary

53, C XX 53; pp. XVIII 303, C XX 335. [OE lengpu, lengari] lente(n), lenton n. season of Lent, the penitential forty days before Easter Pr 91, V410, XVIII 5, CPr89; pi. C XIII 81; by melon, restoration of faith and hope by the impending commemoration of the act of redemption XVIII 5, C XVIII 5. [OE lencten] lentesedes n. pi. seeds sown in spring C XII 191. [ME] lentestow see LENEN. leode«. man 1141, III 32, XVIII 356, A III 31, C III 282, X 177; pi. V 176; people XV 119, XVIII 401, C XI 71, XX 444; serfs, servile tenants X 87, XV 558, C XI 67, XVII 221; fig. of the Trinity princes XVI 181; lige ~ feudal retainers IV 184, A IV 147, C IV 178. [OE lead] leopard «. leopard XV 298; pi. XV 277. [AF leopart] leoun see LYOUN. lepe(n) v. spring, leap XII 140, C XIV 85; pr.t.Bsg. C II 191; pa.t.Bsg. V 494, XX/XXII 152, C VII 134; pi. I 117, C I 113; hop V 196, A V 112, C VI 204; digress, stray XI 318; move freely, w. ease XIX/XXI 125; pa.t.Bsg. hastened II 69, 218, A II 177, CII71; pa.t.pl. IV 153; travel swiftly V 475, 569, A V 249, C VII 216; pp. A Pr 94; pa.subj.sg. ~ awey escaped, got off IV 106, A IV 93, CIV 101; pa.t.pl. ~ forp came into view Pr 223; ~ in penetrate C XX 286; ~ out go abroad II 234, A II 93, C II 244. [OE hleapan w. forms from ODan hlaupa] leperis n.pl in phr. ~ aboute vagrants C IX 107; ~ ouer lond roving friars licensed to hear confession A XI 203. [OE hlUapere.] lere(n) v. teach XI 170, 422, A VI 94, C 1204, VII 104; pr.t.lsg. 1X76; 2sg. A IV 12; 3sg. Ill 126, X 199, A VIII 111, C XI 130, XIV 122; pi. V 44, A VIII 14, C IX 327, XI 234; pa.t.l.sg A XI 128; 3sg. I 151, C VI 349; imp.sg. VI 254, A VII 238, C VIII 221; reft. XIII 142; imp.pl. I 136, A I 125; pp. A X 103, C XI 125; pr.t.lsg. counsel, advise III 69, A III 60; pi. C IV 118; imp.sg. proclaim I 146, A I 134; pr.t.Bsg. guides, directs XII 104, C III 213; pp. as

adj. instructed XIII 213; learned, educated XIII 444, C IV 118, VII 104; ecclesiastical C XVI 283; as coll. n. the literate (sc. Latinate) class, clerics III 38, IV 12, A II 45, C Pr 88, VI 116. 2. learn AV123, 1X103, C VI 215, XXII 207; pa.t.Bsg. A I 109; pp. C X 10. [OE Leran] leryngger. guidance, direction 1X16, A I 173, CX173. [OEltering] lerne v. learn V 207, A VII 256, C VIII 293, XI 75; pr.tpl. XVII 49, XX/XXII 250, C XIX 47; pa.t.lsg. V 201, A V 117, C V43; 2sg. I 141, C I 140; 3sg. I 111, C XIV 107; pr.subj.pl XI 229, C XII 120; imp.sg. XX/XXII 208, C XI 132; pp. VIII 10, A IX 10; learn about X 237; pp. heard tell A X 103; abs. learn, acquire knowledge, skill X 163, A XI 115, CI145, VII 192; trans, study VIII 66, XX/XXII 274, A IX 57; abs. V 439, A XI 133, C V 155. 2. pr.t.2sg. teach IV 12; 3sg. X 379; pa.t.lsg. X 176, A XI 136, C X I 116; 3sg. V 294; ~ on boke taught to read VII 137. 4. proclaim C XX 338. [OE leornian] lernyng(e) ger. 1. instruction, teaching I 199, XV 473. 2. information, learning XI 152. [OEleornung] lese v. glean VI 66, C VIII 67. [OE lesan] lese(n) v. 1. suffer loss of, lose III 136, 159, A VI 102, C III 37; pr.t.2sg. C IX 268; pa.t.pl. C Pr 108, IX 182; pp. XVIII 79, C Pr 112, III 197; of a bad debt XIII 388, C VI 277; abs. pa.t.Bsg. suffered loss C XVI 314; pp. C V 95. 2. be deprived of XII 40, XVIII 109, C III 467; pr.t.lsg. IV 175, C IV 169; pa.t. 3 sg. VII 164, A VIII 142; pi. XX/XXII 87; pa.t.3sg. ceased to have C XIII 152; ~si3t was in eclipse V 491, C VII 131; give up, sacrifice C X 193; pa.t.Bsg. C X 196; forfeit II 35, V 616, A X 102, C III 467, VI 314; pat.pl. XII 120, C XX 345; pp. VIII 36, XVIII 311, A IX 32, C XX 349. 3. pr.t.pl bring to perdition XII 54; pp. damned II 101, C XX 268. 4. pr.t.Bsg. wastes C X 177 ; pi. XV 128, C XVI 274; pp. wasted, to no avail P r l S l , C XII 95; in vain X 277. 5. pp. destroyed V 100, A V 80, C XI 251; ban ~ are the losers XVIII 102, C XX 105. [OEleosan] lesyng(e) ger.(1) financial loss V 113, A V 93. [fr. prec.]

116

lesyng(e) - lettyng

Glossary

C VIII 86; ~ god doon his wille submit to God's will XI 38, C XI 304; ~ be stop, leave off IV 180, C XV 93. 5. in cans, uses: pa.t.Ssg. I 167, XX/XXII 143, A I 141, II 123, C I 163; pi II 159, C II 175; imp.sg. II 175, VI 224, A IV 19, C II 193, 215; pi XV 564, C XVII 227; -go pass round V 336, A V 185, C VI 394; pa.t.Ssg. ~ go rome dismissed, sent packing XI 114, C XII 49. 6. hortatory imp. V 52, VII 88. 7. imp. w. in/in, in hypothesis suppose that one/you VIII 29, XI 427, A IX 25, C X 262. 8. pr.t.Ssg. reckons, considers XV 173; pi. X 321, 586, C V 167, XI 76; pa.t.lsg. XIII 362, C VI 243; Ssg. XX/XXII 146; pi Pr 181, XV 5, C Pr 198; ~ wel by think highly of V 616, A VI 102, C VII 268; pr.t.Ssg. ~ best bi values the highest X 190, A XI 142; pa.t.Ssg. ~ Ii3t of thought little of IV 161, A IV 137, C IV 156; was contemptuous off VI 168, A VII 153, C VIII 165; pp. ~ by valued, esteemed X 37, A XI 29, C III 205, V 3; respected C V S . [OEletan] lejjeren, letherne adj. (made of) leather V 191, A V 110, C VI 199. [OE] letyse n. woman's name, Leticia C VI 145. lettev. 1. prevent XI 137, C XV 165, XX 334; pr.t.Ssg. X 271, XVI 46, C XVII 226; pi C XIV 177; pr.subj.sg. XX/XXII 321. 2. restrain, check V 295, XX/XXII 173, C XIII 10; pa.t.Ssg. XVI 83, C XVIII 114; pp. XIX/XXI 382. 3. hinder, impede X 294, XVI 270, C XIII 39, XVIII 286; pr.Usg. XV 66, C II 38; pi C XV 180; pa.t.Ssg. C III 239. 4. of law, justice: obstruct, subvert X 20, A XI 20, C X I 17, XIII 91; pr.t.3sg. IV 176, A III 146, C III 451; pi C IV 170; fig. Ill 156, A III 146, CIII 194; abs. pr.t.pl. are a hindrance CX161. 5. delay XVIII 53, C XX 53; pp. C XIII 37; intr. IX 134, A X 165, C I 203. 6. keep back (from advancement) III 32, A III 31, C III 35. 7. keep out I 158, C I 154, XX 283. 8. put an end to X 78, C XV 219; pa.t.lsg. Ill 198. [OElettan] lettere n. opponent, obstructer I 69, A I 67, C I 6 5 . [ME] lettyng ger.(\} relinquishment C XVII 124. [leten] lettyng ger. (2) delay VI 7, X 225, A VII

lesyng(e) ger.(I) lie XVIII 314, C XX 445; pi. X 169, A XI 121, C XX 345; fig. V 139, XVI 44, C XVIII 44; falsehood XIII 96, C XX 357; pi. X 22; XV 602, C XVII 310; pi. dishonest acts II 125, X 421, A II 89, C II 141. 2. comic fiction IV 19; pi. V 407, C VII 22. [cp. OE leasung] lesse see LITEL. lesson, lessoun n. I . of instruction received lesson V 202, VI 276, A V 125, C VI 241; of instruction delivered X 37; pi. X 93; instructive instance XI 158, C XII 90. 2. difficult text or subject XI 222, XVII 42; maxim C III 490. [AF] lest see LIST. lest, laste conj. 1. so that... not, lest V 46, XII 125, A VII 136, 256, C V 144. 2. for fear that X 419, XII 7, C XVI 229, XX 334; that Pr 99, XIII 426, C Pr 127. [OE f>y Its }>e] leste see LITEL; let see LEDEN. lete(n), leete, laton, late v. 1. leave behind XVIII 406; pr.t.Ssg. leaves, lets XX/XX1I 360; pa.t.3sg. VI 112, XX 102, A VII 104, C VIII 119; imp.sg. XI 428. 2. relinquish, give up X400, C XX 386; pr.t.lsg. C VI 101; 3sg. C II 108; pi CXI 22; forsake V 226, XI 23, A V 142, CXI 182; abandon VI 271, A VII 255, C III 242, VIII 292; pa.t.3sg. C XVII 168; ellip. leave off, cease from effort V 457, A V 229, C VI 311; pr.t.pl. desist (from misconduct) XVII 312, C XIX 292. 3. release, give leave to depart IV 191, A IV 154. 4. permit XVIII 56, C X 201; pa.t.Ssg. XVI 259, C XVIII 275; pi XVIII 406, C XX 449; pr.subj.sg. Pr 155, C Pr 175; imp.sg. II 51, A II 163, C V 1 5 7 , 184, XX 461; pi V 35, XVIII 418; pr.t.lsg. ~ go leave unchecked C III 137; pr.t.Ssg. ellip. ~ falle drops C XIX 147; imp.sg. w. active inf. ~ se XVII 10, C XIX 11; pr.subj.sg. grant C XVII 117; pr.t.Ssg. ~ out releases I 202, A I 176; pa.t.Ssg. XVIII 250, C XX 259; pr.t.lsg. ~ passe ignore V 409; 3sg. enables to escape III 137, A III 126, C III 175; imp.sg. ~ worpe leave in peace Pr 187, C Pr 204; tolerate, suffer II 48, C II 51; pr.t. 3 sg. leaves to (their own) devices C X 164; imp.sg. ~ god yworpe let God's ways take their course VI 82, 226, A VII 74,

117

lettyng - leue(n)

Glossary

3sg. C XV 223; pi. XII 277, C II 105; pa.t.pl. I 118; pr.subj.pl. C XIX 94; accept as truth XVIII 251, C XX 260; imp.sg. A XI 144, C XI 145. 2. believe, trust (sbody) V 44, A V 36, C V 142; pr.t.3sg. XIV 35, C III 489; pa.t. pi. Pr 72, A Pr 69, C Pr 70; pr.subj.pl. XIII 307, CVI55; imp.sg. 138, V 176, A I 36, C I 194; pi. Ill 175, A III 162, C V 3. 3. pr.t.lsg. rely VI 90, A VII 82, C VIII 99, XIX 24; pa.t.pl. believed a statement or document XVIII 313. 4. believe, accept, hold (as a matter of faith or confident opinion) XVIII 56, A V 112, CXIX 103; pr.t.lsg. V 196, VII 182, X 383, 444, A VIII 160, C Pr 103, III 328; 2sg. XVIII 189, CXX 194; 3sg. II 101, V 276, XII 288, C VI 301; pa.t.lsg. XIII 388, CXX 335; 3sg. XX/XXII 173, CV187; imp.sg. V 294, CI118, XVIII 58; pi. CII78, 1X174; intr.pr.t.lsg. Pr 34, IV 175, C Pr 17, VIII 297 ; pr.t.lsg. ~ on believe on the authority of X 383, A XI 264, CXI 208. 5. pr.t.lsg. expect confidently C XX 307; 3sg. X 363, C XIII 60. [OElefan] leue v.(2) pr.subj.sg. grant V 512, A V 254, C VII 157, XVII 40. [OElefan] leued pp. in leaf, bearing leaves XV 97, C XVI 250. [ME] leuel(e), lyuel n. in phr. ~ and lyne/lyne and ~ T square w. plumbline X 184, A XI 136, CXI 124. [AFlivet] leue(n), lyue v.(3) 1. stop, desist (from) VII 155, A III 185; imp.pl. Ill 69, A III 60, C III 73; give up XV 103, C XVI 258; stop wearing V 26, A V 26, C V 128; abs. cease, refrain C XVI 176. 2. abandon, desert I 103, X 101, A I 101, C I 95; pr.Usg. C XVI 197; 3sg. XIV 264, C XVI 104; pa.t.3sg. XX/XXII 40 ; pi. IV 153, XX/XXII 251, C IX 210; pr.subj.pl. XX/XXII 250; imp.sg. V 284, XX/XXII 208, C VI 340; ~ byhynde desert C XV 7; relinquish III 207, A III 194, C XII 215. 3. pa.t.3sg. departed from, left II 52, C II 55; pa.t.3sg. left in care C XIX 75. 4. leave behind C X X 449; pr.t.pl. XV 137, C XVI 282; pa.t. Isg. XVI 126, C XVIII 154; 3sg. C XXII 102. 5. pr.t.2sg. bequeath V 263, C VI 254; pa.t.3sg. Pr 102, C Pr 130; pi XV 323. 6. put by, keep back (as seed corn) XV 366, C XVII 103. 7. imp.

7, C VIII 5. [OElettynge] lettrerc. 1. letter (of the alphabet) VII 111, A VIII 93, C IX 285. 2. written communication, letter VII 23, A VIII 25, C XI 265; pi. II 226, A II 185, IV 115, C IV 129. 3. official document XVII 9, C XIII 41; pi. C IV 189; letter of recommendation XX/XXII 325; deed C II 86, 210; charter XI 304, C XIII 118; warranty X 92; pi. writ XVII 4, XIX/ XXI 307, C IX 280, XIX 6; pi. bisshopes ~ pardoner's authorization to confer indulgences V 640, VII 176, A VIII 154, C IX 321; prouinciales ~ letters of indulgence VII 197, A VIII 175, 1X343; lumbardes ~ international bankers' drafts V 248, C VI 246. 4. scriptural or sacred text XI 205, C XII 113; holy ~ Holy Writ CXV73. 5. legend on a coin 149, A I 47. [AF] lettred, lettered, letrede, ylettred adj. literate in Latin, educated VII 137, XI 83, XV 477, A VIII 45, C XI 74; learned XIV 319, XIX/XXI 85; -man learned divine C XVI 153; pi. VII 181, A VIII 159, C IX 327; ~ lordes eminent clergy, prelates III 97, A III 86, C III 125; as n. (the) clergy, clerics I 136, XV 103, A I 125, C I 135; hyeste ~ most deeply learned XII 144. [fr. n.] lettrure, letrure, letterure n. education, the knowledge acquired from books XII 104, C XIV 127; learning C IX 199, XV 180; erudition Pr 110, C Pr 137, XI 97; holy ~ Holy Writ X 27, C XI 24; written source or authority X 383, A XI 264, CXI 208. [AF] leute see LEAUTE. leue, leeue n. permission V 383, VI 66, A Pr 94, C VI 440; ayeins ... ~ without... permission XVIII 267; 03eyne loue and ~ in hostile defiance C XX 314, 381; approval III 15, XVI 47, A III 15, C III 16, 132, XII 63; right, sanction XII 114, C XIV 59; authorization XX/XXII 325, C VI 121; connivance II 114, C II 118; leave of absence Pr 85, A Pr 82, C Pr 83; liberty, licence Pr49, APr49, C Pr 50; freedom II 234, A II 193, C II 244; biyoure~ if I may say so III 231, A III 218. [OEleaft leue v.(l) 1. w. in, on, vpon have credence, believe in XVII 27, 46, C I 75, XVII 124; pr.t.lsg. XIII 337, C VI 81; 118

leue(n) - lif

Glossary

276, VII 60, A VIII 61, C XIX 227; ~ on yow am mistaken in what I assert XV 83. 3. tell tall tales Pr 49, XIII 228, A Pr 49, C Pr 50, XV 202. 4. delude (sbody) w. lies XVI 176, C XVIII 184; pr.t.Ssg. I 69, A I 67; cheat (in professions or business) V 132, 201, A V 117, C VI 98; live a sham XI 224. 5. pr.t.Ssg. ~ ayein opposes w. lies III 156, CIII 194. 6. slander XV 172, C XIV 6; pr.t.pl. X 208; pr.t. pi ~ on slander X 203, A XI 152; pr.t.pl. ridicule X 43; make ridiculous X 40. 7. pr.t.Ssg. boasts XVIII 31, C XX 30; pa.t.lsg. ~ o/on boasted about C VI 52. [OE leogan] Here 77. 1. liar 138, XIII 287, A I 36, C V 187; pi C XX 352; pers. II 43, A l l 143, C II 71, XX 356. 2. slanderer XIX/XXI 292. 3. coll.pl. the dishonest C XIX 45; charlatans VI 273, A VII 257; shamming beggars C VIII 286; cheats 1X121, A X 210, C X 295; story tellers XIII 422, C VII 82. [OE leogere] lieutenant n. deputy XVI 47. [AF] lif n. 1. animate physical existence, life III 136, XIV 39, A III 184, IV 59 , C II 36, 108, XX 386(2,4) ; vs lobeb l>e ~ we wish we were dead Pr 155, C Pr 175. 2. time or span of life Pr 49, XIV 60, A I 76, C I 25, VIII 110; this present life on earth X 125, 355, A XI 78, C VI 313, IX 174; by ... ~ all ... days VI 101, C XI 72; during ... time on earth XI 135, XIII 451, C VII 111; life as a sinful creature I 204, C I 199. 3. life eternal 1X29, X381, A X 30, CX155; by meton. the soul I 204, C X 55; pers. IX 55, A X 43, C X 173; divine grace to be fulfilled in the redemption XVIII 31, XIX/XXI 45, CXX67, 105; the deity as the principle of life XVIII 56, C XX 56. 4. state of life VI 249, XI 257, XIV 320, A VII 233, C XIII 99, XVI 155; pi C XIII 30, XVIII 81; manner, sort of life V 365, X238, A V 2 0 8 , C II 105, V 31, 41; pi. C X 126, XIII 30; career III 240; conduct Pr 120, III 166, IX 191, A III 153, CPr88, X291, XVII 126; pers. sinful attachment to worldly values XX/XXII 152. 5. person Pr 122, III 294, A III 269, C I 116, VI 67; a living person C XX 386(1,3); creature, living thing XIII 17, C VII 50; pi. C VI 424;

sg. pass by V 578, A XI 119, C VII 225. 8. pa.t.lsg. remained, stayed III 197, A III 184; pr.subj.pl. lyue(2) IV 195. [QEltfan] leuynges, lyuynge ger. leftovers, remains V356, C VI 414. leuite n. 1. deacon C II 133. 2. pi. members of the tribe of Levi XII 113, 118, C XIV 58. [L] lewed adj. 1. not literate, uneducated Pr 72, 129, A I 173, X 103, C I 194, VI 23; lay XI 96, C XVII 88; as n. XII 173, 180 C XIV 120; layman XX 68; coll. pi. lay folk X 254, C XV 14; be ~ VII 14, C XIV 55; colloc. w. clerk/ lered/lettred the laity; lay brothers XX/ XXII 266; not of the tribe of Levi XII 114, C XIV 59. 2. of clerics poorly trained, imperfectly literate III 149, XI 318, XIX/XXI 409, A III 138, C XIII 116, XIV 20, 123; as n. XII 186, C XIV 125. 3. ignorant, doltish VII 142, X 467, A VIII 124. 4. without skill XII 163, C XIV 107. 5. foolish, misguided XV 83, 322, C XVII 56. 6. useless, futile I 189, A XI 141, C I 185; sham C V4. [OElawede] lewednesse, lewidnesse, lewedenesse n. lack of education, ignorance, incapacity III 32, A III 31, CIII 35. [ME] lewte see LEAUTE. lyard n. mule's name XVII 67, C XIX 78 [AF Hart adj. 'dapple grey'] libbe(n), libbeb, libbynge see LYUE(N). liberal adj. selflessly generous XV 150. [AF] licence n. formal permission Pr 85, A Pr 82, CVI 121. [AF] lich see LIK. liche, lich n. body X 2, A XI 2. [OE lie] lycour n. in phr. ~ swete sweet and juicy, succulent C XII 220. [AF licor] lye(n), Iei3e v. 1. tell a falsehood, lie III 180, A III 167, CII39; pr.t.lsg. XV 80, C XVI 239, XIX 231; pr.t.2sg. V 163, C VI 138; 3sg. XX/XXII 238, C I 65; pi. XV 289; pa.t.Ssg. 1118, C II 32; pr.subj.sg. A VIII 61, C VI 55; pi. falsify text X 337, A XI 225; w. cogn. obj. pa.t.2sg. XVIII 402, C XX 348, 445. 2. pr.t.Ssg. teaches falsehood III 251, VI 231, A III 230, C VIII 237, XVII 27; pa.t.3sg. A X 120; pr.subj.sg. VII 129, A VIII 111; err, am mistaken V

119

lif-

h Glossary

colloc. w. soule body XII 188, XVII 27, C XVII 22. 6. life story, biography XV 269, CVll 31; pi. V 416. [OE lift lifdayes n. day, time I 27, A I 27; lifetime III 151, CIII 189. [OElifdeg] lifholy adj. righteous, virtuous XV 206, 308, C XIV 188; superl. C X 50; devout C IX 196, XI 2; as coll. n. righteous men CIV 175. [ME] lifholynesse n. righteousness XIX/XXI 111, CV80. [ME] lifloderc. 1. food and drink Pr30, VI 289, A VII 218, C IV 115, V 42; fig. XIV 38, XV 184, A VIII 110, C XV 237; sustenance I 37, A I 35, C I 35; necessities of life V457, VI 17, VII 128, A VII 16, C IX 198. 2. means of livelihood XI 300, by melon, benefice C III 467; expenses, keep XVII 79, C XVII 36. 3. fig. way of life, conduct V 87, CVI68. [OE lifted] lift see LEFT. lifte n. sky, firmament XV 358, C XVII 96. [OElyft] liften v. raise, lift V 352, XII 120, C VI 410; pa.t.Ssg. ~ vp raised from the dead XV 593, C XVII 302. [cp.Ollypta] liftyng, luftynge ger. raising, lifting V 353, C VI 411. lige, le(e)ge adj. bound by feudal allegiance IV 184, A IV 147, C III 415; as n. vassal, liegeman C III 317; pi. XVIII 349, C XX 395. [AF] tygge adj. long in the stalk, rank C XII 232. [?] ligge v. lie XI 428, C VII 26, IX 143; pr.t.lsg. V410; 3sg. XII 258; pa.t.lsg. Pr 9, XVI 20, A Pr 9, C Pr 8; 3sg. V 63, XVI 255, A V 46, C XVIII 143; prp. II 52, CII55; pp. V81, XVI 113, A V 64; w. sexual sense ~ by/togideres pr.t.Ssg. IV 59, A IV 46, C IV 62; pa.t.lsg. C V l l 92; Ssg. 130, A I 30, C I 28; fig. pr.t.pl. II 136, A II 100, C III 171; pp. Ill 38, V476, A V 250, CIII 40, VI 330. 2. pr.t.pl. are lodged Pr91, XIX/XXI 418, C Pr 89; are housed, sheltered VI 15, A VII 14. 3. remain XX/XII 360; pr.t.Ssg. XII 180, C XIV 120; pi. C X 272; ~ beroute stay outdoors C V 16; pr.t.Ssg. lies idle VI 163; pr.subj.sg. C VIII 160. 4. pr.t.Ssg. is situated, lies I 126, III 176, X 282, A I 115, X 118, C Pr 137, XIX 183;

pa.t.3sg. XVIII 124, C XX 127; was kept V 219, A V 135, C VI 227; was hidden C VI 261; pr.subj.sg. V 432, C VII 45; pr.t.Ssg. is contained X 189, A XI 141; pa.t.Ssg. VII 111, A VIII 93, C IX 285; pr.t.Ssg. is sown C XIII 23. 5. lie helpless XVI 268, C XVIII 284; pr.t.Ssg. XII 180; pi. XV 183, C IV 122; pp. X425, XIX/XXI 55, A XI 284. 6. pr.t.Ssg. extends X321, C V 167. 7. pr.subj.sg. ~ on fig. attack, apply force to XVII 228. 8. pr.t.Ssg. applies, is relevant C V 89. 9. ~ lowe be destroyed C XIX 10. 10. -in depends on IV 73, AIV 59, C XX 428. [OE licgan] light, liht, Iy3th n. 1. light I 189, V 492, XVIII 245, A I 163, C VII 132, XX 286; brightness XVII 217, C XIX 183; radiance V 494, XVIII 124, C VII 134, XX 127; pers. as Christ XVIII 316, C XX 359; radiant beauty I 112; fig. (the) presence of God XVIII 326, A XII 96; divine grace 1X29, XVIII 59, 241, A X 30, CXX59, 283, 306; guidance XVI 189. 2. fig. of human life XVII 284, C XIX 265; of the tongues of fire at Pentecost XIX/XXI 205. 3. by synec. vision, power of sight XIX/XXI 125. [OE Bht, leoht] liyt adj. lively, pleasant XV 218; comp. swifter of motion 1156, C I 152; more carefree XIV 307, C XVI 142; easy C XIX 43; comp. XIV 248, XVII 42, C XVI 88. [OE leoht] h*3t(e), lihte adv. in phr. (a)counten ~ make light of XI 16, C XI 175; leet ~ thought little/nothing of IV 161, VI 168, A IV 137, C VIII 165; sette ~ by ridiculed XI 2, C XI 162. [fr. adj.] u*3teb v. 1. pr.t.Ssg. cheers, lifts VI13, A V 93. 2. pa.t.Ssg. descended XI 248, XIX/XXI 202; ~ adoun dismounted XVII 67, C XIX 66. [OE lihtan] Ityly adv. without difficulty, easily Pr 150, IV 106, XVIII 270, A IV 93, C Pr 171, XIV 150; readily XVII 337, C XIX 325; without hesitation C IV 168; willingly C XVI 132; swiftly II 218, A II 177, C XII 222; as these things go XV 137, C XVI 282; w. little suffering VII 11, C IX 11; thoughtlessly XIV 34; groundlessly C VII 302; comp. more swiftly V 569, A VI 56, C VII 216; more readily XII 120

Glossary -

lyne

ical pleasure, gratification 1X184, XI 21, XIII 343, C VI 176, 1X203, XI 262. 4. enjoyment, pleasure XIII 423, XIV 130, C VII 83; ~ of bodie luxurious living XIV 263, C XVI 103. 5. happiness, contentment X310. [cp. OE licung] likynge, lykynde prp. adj. 1. pleasing, acceptable XI 274, C XVIII 78. 2. affectionate, amiable C XI 131. 3. physically gratifying C X 285; superl. most exciting C VI44. likynge ger.(2) imitation, pretence XIII 287; modeling, acting out, posturing C VI 45. lykyngliche adv. luxuriously C XIX 245. [cp. OE/DciVmflDc] likkyng ger. licking XV 304. [OE liccian] likne, likene v. assess by comparison or analogy X 282; pr.t.Ssg. XII 269; pi. C XIV 190; pp. C XIV 168. 2. compare, liken C XVII 73; pa.t.pl C XIV 168; pp. XV 111, XVII 281, C XVII 83; analogous, comparable VIII 38, XVII 206, XIX/XXI 89, 111, A IX 37, C X 44. 3. pr.t.3pl. make disparaging comparisons, ? mimic X 43, C VII 23, XVI 310. [fr. adj.] liknesse n. appearance, likeness XI 187, 243, C XII 132; form XVIII 356, XIX/ XXI 202, C XX 328; shape I 114, XVIII 354, C XVII 179; image IX 67, X 371; of cristes ~ possessing the imago del XII279. [OE licness] lyme n. 1. limb in lif and ~ V 100, XIX/XXI 105, A V 80; pi. VI 124, A VII 180, C V 8, VIII 260. 2. organ, member XX/XXII 195. 3. pi. parts (of the body) XIX/XXI 8. 4. pi. followers XX/XXII 77. [OE/z'm] lymeyerd, lyn^erd n. branch or stick smeared w. birdlime, fig. trap IX 184, C X285. [ME] lymytour n. friar licensed to beg in specific territory XX/XXII 346; pi. V 139. [cp. AF limiter v.] lynage n. 1. descendants 1X49, A X 37. 2. relations, family connexions XI 297, C V 26, IX 198; influential family C IX 196. [AF linage] lynde n. lime tree, linden I 156, A IX 56, C I 152. [OElinde] lynen. 1. line of text V 421; pi. VII 111, A VIII 93, C IX 285; quotation III 340,

157, XV 439, C XVII 253. [OE leohtK\ce\ lightloker see LI3TLY. lightnynge, lihtnynge ger. illuminating fire XIX/XXI 202. lyingeger. slandering XIII 322. lik(e), lich adj. 1. similar to, like III 338, VIII 39, A I 89, C I 111, VII 123 2. equal to C I 111, suitable befitting, apt for 1151, IX 6, A X 6. [ OE gelic and cp. OI likr] lik prep, in the manner of, like V 119, 191, 346, A V 98, C VI 75, IX 158; equally w., as much as XVII 133. [cp. adj.] likame, lykhame n. 1. body Pr 30, I 37, A I 36, C XV 57, XIX 239; fig. of the Eucharist C XIX 95. 2. physical life, existence C X 219, XIX 186, XX 93; my ~ myself as a person C VI 52. 3. gen. of the flesh, carnal XIII 386, XV 67, C X 55. [OE IDchama] like n. pleasure, will XX/XXII 30. [ME fr. liken v.] likerous adj. delicious, delectable X 169, A XI 121, C I 25, X 177; ~ liflode fine fare Pr 30, A Pr 30, C Pr 32; -oftunge fond of choice foods VI 266, A VII 250. [AF * likerous] likej) v. 1. pr.t.Bsg. pleases IX 193; pi. I 43, A I 41, C I 41; pa.t.Ssg. I 28, XX/XXII 156, A I 28, C VI 41; pr.subj.sg. XI 24, C XI 183. 2. impers. w. dat. pr.t.sg. it pleases, is agreeable Pr 173, VI 157, VIII 51, A III 128, 133, C Pr 190, I 22; it is (his) wish C VIII 255; pa.t.sg. Pr 149, III 182, A VIII 122, C XIX 116; pr.subj. XII 166, XIII 186, A XII 1, C III 44, XIX 331; as lawe ~ at the pleasure of the law XII 207, C XIV 146; as god ~ as God wills XIV 58, C XV 257; as be flood ~ at the whim of the current XII 167. 3. pr.Usg. likes X 98, XIII 263, C X 272; pa.t.pl Pr 72, XX/XXII 309, A Pr 69, C Pr 70; pr.t.2sg. wish C XII 163; 3sg. XV 91, C III 331, XIX 5; pi. wish to C XI 155. [OE lician] likyng ger.(I) 1. will, wish Pr 62, XII 110, 220, XV 51, 67, A Pr 59, CV 155, VI 194; fancy XI 45; inclination V 176, XI 422, C XVI 310. 2. desire, appetite 127, XVI 32, XX/XXII 71, A I 27, C II 77, XI 80, XIII 152. 3. phys-

121

lyne - lyue(n)

Glossary

C III 492; laumpe ~ words in the ritual of baptism XIII 151. 2. pi. lines for snaring birds V 348, AV196, C VI 406; colloc. w. leuel plumb-line X 184, A XI 136, CXI 124. [OElme] lynnen, lynen n. cloth made of flax, linen Pr 220, I 3, A VII 13, C I 18. [OE linen adj.] lynsed n. the flax seed, linseed C XII 191. [OE Ittnsted] lyoun, leoun n. lion XIII 301; pi. XV 277, C IX 197. [AF lioun] lippe n. shaving V 247, C VI 245; fig. small part, bit II 35, XV 502, C XI 224, XVII 253. [MDulippe] lippes n. lips Pr 214, V 83, A VII 166, 246, CVI104. [OElippa] lisse n. 1. the joy of heaven IX 29, A X 30, C X 155. 2. luxury and comfort C VI 314. 3. relief, alleviation C I 199. [OE liss] list, liste n. selvage V 208, A V 124, C VI 216; strip of cloth V517, A VI 5, C VII 162. [OE Ittste, AF liste] list, lest, lust v. 1. impers. w. dat. pr.t. wish(es), desir(es), chooses Pr 172, III 158, A Pr 37, C III 171, X 96; pa.t. I 150, XVII 142, C XV 24, XX 449; pa. subj. XVIII 414, C Pr 177. 2. pr.t. 3sg. desires, wishes C XI 74. [OE lys-tan] listnep v. pr.t.3pl. listen, give heed XIV 311; pa.t.lsg. XIV 47, C XV 248; imp.pl. XVIII 273, C XX 295. [OE hlystan, hlysnan] listres n. friars licensed to preach V 139. [AF] lite, litte adj. little C I 140, IX 208; as n. a small amount, little C VIII 262; quasi adv. a ~ somewhat XIII 267. [OE lyt adj.] litel adj. of amount', little, small, not much Pr 191, I 141, III 207, A X 102, C III 391, XI 226; of size: little IX 80, C XVII 24; of time: in adv. phr. ~ tyme/while short XVII 49, C I 107; a ~ wiht lightly C III 131; as n. II 189, X 91, A X 116, C X I 72, XIV 121; by ~ frugally XV 423; ~ to doon/ado no business X 317, C V 163; comp. lasse, lesse of amount: smaller III 202, A III 189, CIII 259; less X 87, XIV 248, C III 137, XIII 4; as n. V 222, 249, XIII 17, A V 138, C III 290, VIII 285; of size: smaller XII 264, C XIV 185;

thinner XVI 57; of rank or condition lesser VII 164, XVII 182, A VIII 142, C XIX 148; as n. ~ and/ne/or moore humble ... grand II 46, A IX 7, C II 50, XV 199; a smaller or a larger gift XIII 17; superl. leest of amount: least VII 40, C XI 75; of size smallest XII 269, C XIV 190; most minute XIII 186; of rank or condition: meanest III 24, 205, A III 23, C III 248; lowest X 137, A XI 90; as n. least A VIII 45, C IX 44; shortest V 396, C VII 12; least intricate XI 346, C XIII 157; easiest XVII 43; most insignificant XVIII 405; least offender II 197, A II 158, C II 211. [OE lytel, lessa, leest] litel adv. of degree little, not much IV 65, X 37, 377, A XI 49, C III 393, V 31, VI 145; seldom VII 142, XX/XXII 27, A VIII 124, C XVI 145; a ~ shortly XVI 139; thoughtlessly XIV 34; comp. lasse less IV 161, V 559, C VIII 165, XII 43; ~ ouper moore to some degree X 271; moore other ~ variably C IX 108; moore ne ~ precisely this much X 462, A XI 306; fixed, not variable XX/XXII 272; superl pe leeste in the slightest, at all XVIII 285; least of all C III 210. [cp. adj.] lyth n. domain XVI 181. [cp. OI ly\>r\ lipen v.(l) listen to XIII 423, C VI 194; paJ.pl. XIII 455; C VII 115; hear and learn C X 65, XI 75. [cp. OI hlyfra] lythereac/v. sinfully CX166. [OE lypre] lithereth v. pr.t. pi. cast w. slings C XVIII 48. [QEliperen.] lipep v.(2) 1. pr.t.pi. make at ease, make much of XIII 437, C VII 97; pa.t.3sg. XIII 451, C VII 118. 2. dress, treat C XIX 71; pp. healed A VII 180. [OE lipian] litlum, litellum adv. in phr. ~ and ~ gradually, by stages XV 610, C XVII 318. [OE lytlum dat] lyue(n), libbe(n), lyuene, leue, leuene v. 1. live, continue in life VI 181, VIII 58, A III 214, C IX 151, XV 178; pr.t.lsg. IV 109, A IV 154, C IV 104; pr.t.pi. XII 34, XIV 62, C I 16, XV 261; pa.t.3sg. XIV 87; pi. XIV 64, C XIII 4; pr.subj.sg. C III 297; prp. in phr. longe ~ the sages C XIV 168; have being C XVIII 197; pr.t.Bsg. C XIX 44; is/are/was/were alive pr.t.3sg. XVIII 30, C III 282, X 50; pi. 122

Glossary

lyue(n) - loke(n) ~ in heaven above I 90, A I 88; in state Pr 157; up V 352. [cp. OI lopt] l°ggyng Ser- dwelling, habitation A XII 44. [ME fr. AF logier] logyk n. dialectic, logic as a component of the trivium X 176, A XI 128, C XI 116; as a means of attempting theological questions XI 222, 224; by synec. academic study of philosophy XX/XXII 250; philosophical erudition XI 219, XII 97; philosophical writings C XIV 190; work ascribed to Aristotle XII 269. [AF logik] lok n. lock fig. I 202, A I 176, C I 197; pi. XIII 367, C VI 266. [OE loc] loke(n) v. 1. look XVIII 405, C VII 50; pr.t.2sg. VII 142, A VIII 124; pa.t.lsg. Pr 9, II 7, A Pr 9, C XIII 173; 3sg. IV 173, V461, A XI 98, C IV 167, VI 315, XI 83; imp.sg. II 5, XI 428, A II 5, C XIII 235; pp. C III 493. 2. pr.t.3sg. directs ... sight, looks XI 187; pa.t.lsg. XVI 255, C XVIII 271; 3sg. XIII 102, XVIII 114, A XI 98, C XV 109, XX 117; pa.t.lsg. looked to see XIV 47, C XV 248; imp.sg. -in refer to V 276, C VI 301. 3. see X 271, C XX 368. 4. ~ on look in the eye VI 185, A VII 173, C VIII 181; pa.subj.sg. cast an eye on XVIII 383, C XX 425. 5. pa.t.3sg. ~ (vpp)on regarded I 167, XI 85, A I 141, C IV 167. 6. show our/my face Pr 152, IV 60, A IV 47, C Pr 189; pa.t.3sg. looked up V 63, A V 46, C VI 4. 7. trans, care for, look after V 200, A V 116, C XX 379; pr.subj.sg. protect, preserve 1209, XV 9, A I 183; imp.sg. see to it that I 146, III 271, A I 134, C VII 222; pi. 1X180, XIX/XXI 254, C VIII 36. 8. have charge of XVI 47; pr.t.Ssg. is concerned XV 185; ~to is responsible for IX 58. 9. administer, enforce V 52, C VIII 85; govern VII 171. 10. take thought, look hard XV 319; imp.sg. XII 191, C IX 241, XIV 130; pi. XI 83; pa.t.lsg. was watching XIV 47, C XV 248; 3sg. XI410. 11. inspect, examine II 227, A II 186, C II 237. 12. ascertain II 156, A II 120, C II 172; imp.sg. be sure that XI 388, C XIII 206; pi. check XI 83; pp. Ill 341. 13. ordain, decree VI 318, A VII 299; pr.t.3sg. II 198, All 159, C II 212; countenance, permit II 136, A II 100. 14. pr.t.3sg. has an ap-

XV 326; pa.t.Ssg. XIX/XXI 161, C V11I 194; pr.subj.pl. C XVII 116; prp. Pr 223, XIII 281, A VIII 63, C IX 58; survive and recover C XIX 75; pa.t.pl. remained alive XIV 70. 2. conduct (one's) life, live III 164, XII 207, A VII 62, CIII 203, XII 228; pr.t.lsg. V I 1 9 , A V 98; 3sg. XI 177, XIII 413, C VII 73, IX 158, XIII 193; pi. VI 143, VII 63, XIV 152, A VII 63, X 132; C III 289; pa.t.3sg. X 441, C III 325; pi. Pr 26, X471, APr26, CIX43; pr.subj.sg. X 137, XIV 60, A XI 90, C XV 259; pi. XV 391; pa.subj.pl XIV 71, C XV 270; imp.sg. A XII 90; pi. V 44, XX/XXII 247, A V 36, C V 142; prp. w. prec. adv. IX 110, X 437, XII 267, C III 339, X 166, XIV 187; pp. C XI 253, 3. dwell, live VIII 94, XIV 42, C III 360; pr.t.lsg. C V 44; pr.t.Ssg. II 187, XV 213, C I I I 420; pi. XI 275, A II 148, C XVII 292; pp. XV 152, C XVI 288. 4. live (in particular circumstances) Pr 157, X 304, III 227, A X 144, XI 210, C Pr 177, III 250; pr.t.3sg. XIV 264, C XX 219; pi. CPr 102; pa.t.3sg. XIV 123, C XV 299; pi. XIV 125, XV 533, C XVII 7, 68; pr.subj.pl X 444; pp. XIV 118, C XV 294. 5. sustain (one)self, live VI 289, 307, A VII 273, C V 26, VI 292; pr.t.2sg. II 125, V 288, A II 89; 3sg. XV 255, 423, C X 79, 172; pi. V 150, VI 19, A VII 21, C IV 194, XII 186; pa.t.3sg. XV 284, 294, C VI 121; pi. XV 293, C IX 199; in phr. to ~ by sustenance XIX/XXI 468. [OE lifian, libban] lyuesadj. alive XIX/XXI 159. [ME] lyuyng ger. life and preoccupations C XVI 37; conduct, way of life XIII 95, XV 418, C VI 33, XII 96, XIV 168; ~ in trupe integrity XI 152; pride of parflt ~ pride of life pers. XI 15, C XI 192. lixt see LYEN. lo, loo excl. 1. for emph. V 38, XIII 307, CIII 485, V 186, XII 219. 2. directing or claiming attention 115, X 27, XI 154, A II 5, C I I 7 1 , XVI 40; w. force ofV. C XX 370. [OEld] lobies n. able-bodied idlers Pr 55, A Pr 52, CPr 53. [cp. MDulob] lodesterre n. pole star XV 358, C XVII 96. [ME] lofte n. in phr. bi ~ in height XVIII 45; o 123

loke(n) - loof

Glossary

pearance, looks XIV 228, XV 204, C V 162; pi. XV 206, C XVI 271; pa.t.3sg. V 82, A V 65, C XI 2; w. adv. VI 320, XVIII 12, A VII 301, C IX 141; w. adv. + re/1. dot. V 189, A V 108, C VI 197. 15. pr.t.Ssg. expects C IX 270, XIII 74, XIX 265; pr.t.Ssg. ~ after expects, hopes for C III 249; waits for, puts his hope in XII 180, C XVIII 266; pa.t.3sg. ~ on turned to for support C IV 67; pi. C IV 106; pr.subj.sg. notice XVIII 386, C XX 428; pi ~ on keep in view A VIII 14; imp.sg. ~ no^t perafter avert your eyes from V 578, A VI 65, C VII 225; pr.subj.sg. ~ dymme have poor eyesight X 184, A XI 136, C X I 125; imp.pl ~ forp search out A VII 13; lyue and ~ have life and awareness VIII 58, A IX 49, C X 57; pr.t.Ssg. XVIII 30; pi. C XX 29; prp. XIX/XXI 175. [OE locian] lokes n. pi. expression, mien C XI 265. [fr. v.] lokynge ger. 1. glance A XII 96; ~ on attention to XI 318. 2. expression XIII 343. 3. care, concern XVI 7, C XVIII 10. 4. adjudication C II 125. lollare n. wandering beggar C IX 158; pi. C VIII 286, IX 107; gen. pi. C V 31, IX 140; pi. layabouts, sturdy beggars C IX 159; gen. sg. C IX 103; pi. itinerant preachers dressed as clerics XV 213, C V 4, IX 193, 214, 241; yclothed as a ~ wearing clerical habit C V 2. [M Du] lollep v. 1. pr.t.Ssg. dangles, hangs on XII 213, CXIV 152; pa.t.pl sagged V 191, A V 110, C VI 199; prp. lying helpless XVI 269, C XVIII 285; pp. ~ vp hanged, strung up XII 191. 2. pr.t.Ssg. limps, walks awkwardly C IX 216; fig. pr.t.pl. ~ by are deformed in the view of C IX 219. [MDu/o/H lomb, lamb n. lamb V 553, A VI 40, C VII 197; pi. XV 206, C III 412, XVI 271. [OElamb] lome adv. often XI 233, C X 166; comp. XX/XXII238. [OEgelome] lomes n. tools C V 45. [OE lorna] lompen. piece, chunk C IX 150. [? MDu] lond, land n. 1. country, realm Pr 126, III 203, A IV 131, CIII 210, 213; pi. XIII 208, A III 208, C XV 166; territory XIX/XXI 32; pi A VIII 140, C III 382; fig. country XI 8, XIX/XXI 334, C XI

167. 2. land (as property) III 136, IV 73, A VII 291, XI 14, C III 316; pi. landed estates IX 180, XV 555, C V 26, 158. 3. land (as productive of crops) VI 17, 272, A IX 73, C XII 224; field CX 217; pi XVII 61, C XIX 60; fig. XVI 16; lif on ~ life in this world C Pr 147. [OE] londleperis n. pi. as adju. vagabond, wandering XV 213. [ME] london, lundoun n. London Pr 85, A Pr 94, C V 4 . lone see LEUE(N). long, lang adj. 1. of dimension long VI 10, XIV 242, A VII 18, C V 4 1 , XX 44; in fig. X 166, A XI 118, C XVIII 22; comp. Ill 340, V 208, A V 124, C III 492; tall Pr 55, A IX 110, C V 24; comp. XVI 181; as n. XIV 224, C XVI 84. 2. of duration long V 559, A VI 46, C IV 44, XX 5; comp. extended XX/ XXII 287; as n. w. copula a long while XI 368, X V I , CXIII 178; after prep. V 515, A VI 3; of texts or discourse lengthy IX 74; lang cart large fourwheeled waggon (ML longa caretta) II 182, A II 143, C II 195. [OE lang] longe n. in phr. woke ~ length of a week C IX 254. [fr. adj.] longe, long adv. of time long IV 109, A VII 247, CIII 297; comp. XX/XXII 63, CIII 137; for a long time V21, A V 2 1 , CV80, XII 193; a long while X381, A XI 262, CXIV 38; long since XVIII 79, C XX 81; or ~ er/or a long while before XIII 388, C VI 277; late and ~ V 515, A VI 3, CVII 160. [fr. adj.] longede pa.t.Bsg. yearned, longed C VIII 278. [OElangian] longesw. lungs C VIII 189. [OE lungen] longeb v. 1. pr.t.Ssg. is requisite X 137, A XI 90; pa.t.Ssg. was appropriate, fitting XI 421; pr.t.Ssg. is associated w. X215, A XI 158; pi. are features, part of V619, A VI 105; pr.t.3sg. leads A XII 64; pi are subject II 46, A II 28. 2. dwell, live C VI 158; pr.t.Ssg. live (as a follower) C III 248; pi. are maintained by C IX 130. [cp. OE belangian] longeus, longies n. Longinus XVIII 79, 82, CXX81. longyngeger. desire XI 8, XIX/XXI 248, C XI 167. [OE langung] loof, lof, loef n. loaf VI 179, XIII 49, A

124

loof- lotieb

Glossary VII 267, C VIII 285, IX 150; pi. XIV 222, C XVII 24. [OEhlafl loone, lone n. loan XX/XXII 287; moneylending C IV 194. [cp. Ol Ian] loore, lore n. 1. instruction, teaching XX/XXII 351, C I 67, XI 125; that which is taught, teaching X 112, 124, A II 17, C XI 74, XIII 193; learning, erudition C XI 97. 2. guidance, counsel V 38, IX 73, XIX/XXI 239; command, injunction XVIII 197, C XX 202. 3. learning (as a process) XII 276, C XIV 198; holy ~ Christian doctrine C XI 34; hagiology C XVII 65. [OE Idr] loos, los n. reputation XIII 297, 448, C VII 108; good reputation, praise XIII 298. [AF/os] looj), loj), loeth adj. 1. hateful 1X59, XIV 7, C XX 260; displeasing XII 246. 2. wicked, reprehensible XV 108, C XV 78. 3. unwilling III 161, XIII 359, XV 5, A III 150, C VIII 48, XI 131; comp. XV 392; disinclined Pr 55, XV 473, XX/XXII 360, APr52, C VIII 264. [OE !#] looue, loue n. widow, relict IV 49, A IV 36. [OElaf] lord, loerd n. 1. head of household X 477, XIV 110, C VIII 252; fig. husband II 33. 2. feudal lord III 197, XI 128, A III 184, CIII 310, X217; pi. X 321, CV 167; chief- immediate lord of the fee C IX 73; ruler III 203, IX 29, A XI 143, C I 111, XV 166 ; pi. X 25; lawful governors' III 298. 3. man of rank or eminence IX 39, XI 23, C III 283, V 160; of Christ XVIII 273, C XX 280; pi. Pr64, 95, A II 17, III 60, C Pr 93, 177; pi. church dignitaries III 97; ecclesiasts A XI 217; judges II 22, III 25, A III 24, C XII 90; fig. grete ~ persons of authority 1X22, A X 21, C X 148. 4. of the deity Pr26, I 143, A I 89, III 153, C I 1 1 1 , 155; in invocation III 112, A III 153, C VI 102. 5. as ceremonial term of address III 112, A III 162, CIII 221; pi. XV 9, C III 73. 6. inexcl. XVI 12, C I 1 1 2 . [OE hldford] lordej) v. pr.t.Ssg. in phr. ~ in has dominion over X 87, C XI 67. [ME fr. n.] lordlich adj. domineering III 161, A III 150, C III 199; arrogant XIII 301. [OE

hlafordlic]

lordliche adv. luxuriously, in the grand style C XIX 239. [ME fr. adj.] lordshipe, lordschip, lordshepe n. 1. retinue of a lord II 46, A II 28. 2. ownership (of property) XV 555, C IX 203. 3. kingdom VII 164, A VIII 142. 4. suzerainty III 207, A III 194, C III 264; rule XVII 8, C XIX 10. 4. honour, power, authority IX 41, XVI 191, A XI 14, C XI 12. 5. (feudal) estate A VI 35, C III 249; fig. II 89, A II 61, C II 96; pi. XV 558, C XVII 221. 6. favour, maintenance CII50, 110. [OE hldfordscipe] lore see LESEN. lorel n. fool VII 142, A VIII 124; disorientated, distraught person XV 5, XVIII 3, C XX 3; madman C VI 313; pi. C IX 137; pi. worthless persons, good-for-nothings XVII 47, C Pr 75, XIV 20; shamming beggars VI 122, C IX 101. [ME fr. loren pp.] loresman n. spiritual preceptor XII 182, C XIV 122; pi. IX 90. [ME] losely adv. insecurely, precariously XII 213, C XIV 152. [ME fr./ds adj.] losels n. pi. good-for-nothings, worthless persons Pr 77, A XI 36, C VIII 74. [ME fr. lose(n) pp.] losengerie n. loose living, debauchery VI 143, X 50, A XI 36. [AF] lose)) v. pr.t.Ssg. abs. praises XV 253; pa.t.2sg. trans. XI 421. [cp. AF aloser] los(se), loes n. loss Pr 191, XIII 386, C V 97, XVI 149. [OE los] loscheborwe, lossheborwe n. counterfeit coin made in Luxemburg C XVII 73, 168; pi. XV 349; as adj. counterfeit C XVII 83. [ME]. lossum adj. desirable C X 259. [OE luftum] lot, loot, loth n. Lot (Gen. 19) I 27, A I 27, CX178. lotebies n. concubines III 151, A III 140, CIII 189. [ME] lope v. hate, detest VII 98, A VIII 80; pr.t.pl. C VI 142; pa.t.3sg. C VII 50; impers. pr.t.Ssg. is hateful to Pr 155, C Prl75. [OEldjrian] loblya<#. 1. hideous 1117, C I 110. 2. repulsive C XIV 178; foul XV 111. 3. hostile XIX/XXI 56. [OE laflic] lotiep v. pr.t.Ssg. lurks, lies in wait XVII 105. [OE*lotian] 125

lotus - loue(n)

Glossary

lotus n. looks, appearance C XV 8. [cp. OI Idt] louable adj. praiseworthy, commendable C V 103. [cp. AF louer, alouable] loud adj. ringing, piercing XVIII 423, C XX 466. [OEhlud] loudeat/v. 1. loud IV 162, A IV 138; in ringing tones, powerfully XVIII 263, C XX 271; for all to hear XIII 179. 2. so ~ w. such force XVI 32, C XVIII 36. 3. openly, for all to see IX 108. [OE hlude] loue n.(\) fire, ardour C Pr 103. [cp. OI logi] louhliche see LOWLICHE. louke v. enclose, hide XVIII 245, C XX 254. [OElucan] loupe n. loophole C XX 286. [ML lupa, loupa] loure v. frown, scowl V 133, XII 280, C VII 302; pr.t.2sg. XI 85, C XII 24; 3sg. X316; pi. look glum XIII 264; pa.t.lsg. XI 84, C XII 23; pi. II 226, A II 185, C II 236; prp. V 82, A V 65; prp. as adv. CV162. [MDuloeren] lourynge ger. scowling V 336, A V 185, C VI 394. lous«. louse V 196, AV112, C VI 204. [OE lus] louten v. 1. bow C XI 85; pa.t.lsg. XV 9; 3sg. Ill 36, A III 105, C III 153; prp. A XII 55; pr.t.pl. behave obsequiously XV 86. 2. submit, do honour C XV 168. 3. pr.t.pl. intercede, kneel in supplication C III 99; imp.sg. C VI 171. [OE lutan] loue «.(2) 1. love, deep affection V 432, IX 55, 180, X 310, XIV 265, C VIII 213, X 282; loyal affection C III 317, IV 191, VIII 215, IX 130; sexual love XI 8, C XI 167; kynde ~ natural affection XIV 270, C XVI 110; desire II 35, III 91, XX/XXII252, A III 80, C VI 248; for material objects XIII 356, C VI 243; ~ of pe world pride of life C XI 80; fondness V 376; friendship VI 26, IX 197, A VIII 28, C X 296, XV 143; favour I 103, IV 65, A I 101, C I 95; partiality XI 106, C XII 40. In religious senses: 2. God's love for humankind, divine benevolence Pr 102, I 150, 202, XII 68, A VIII 87, X 43, C III 401(2), XI 141; fig. XVIII 365, C XX 403; pers. XII 140, C XIV 85. 3. divine favour, approval V 616, VII 105, XIV 133, A VI 102, C XVI 2. 4. human love

for God Pr26, VI 220, 1X97, A Pr 26, 87, VIII 52, C III 401(1), IV 39, VIII 283. 5. the Christian virtue, charity Pr 110, III 291, X190, XI 171, A I 7, 136, C Pr 88, I 204, XVI 196, 285; kynde ~ charity fulfilled in regenerate humankind III 299, XIII 150, C XIV 14; -ofsoule harmonious relationship C X 291; good ~ reconciliation and perfect peace C V 192; fig. 1148, 150, V591, A I 136, C I 146, XVII 48, XVIII 9; pers. I 159, IV 148, 161, XIII 139, A XI 143, C XX 173, 457; the doctrine of charity X 189, XIII 125, A XI 141; fig. acts of kindness XIII 146. [OE lufu] loue «.(3) commendation, praise C VIII 196, XIV 215; glorification XI 173, 175. [OElaft loue(n), louye(n) v.(l) 1. experience deep affection for, love XVI 2; prescriptive inf. XIV 267, C XVI 107; abs. in phr. plyhte treuthe to ~ CX271; pr.t.pl. XI 189; pa.t.lsg. XVI 231; 3sg. X 450, C XI 275; cherish V 48, C V 180, XVI 107; imp.sg. XII 33, XIII 141; be devoted to C III 146; pr.t.3sg. IX 6, A X 6, C X 133; pa.t.Bsg. X 205; imp.sg. C I 203; intr. pr.subj.pl. be loving XI 209, C XII 117. 2. experience friendly feeling for, be friends w. C V 196; pr.t.lsg. C VI 145; 3sg. XIII 149, 331; pa.t.Bsg. XV 465; pi. were friends of V 251, XI 69, C XX 334; fig. IV 32; pp. highly regarded, popular A III 199; intr. XI 223; pr.t.pl. come to friendly terms XV 554, C XVII 217; pa.subj.pl. C X 191. 3. love (sexually) XI 19, CXI 178; pr.t.pl. Ill 54, C III 57; pa.t.lsg. C VI 192, VII 302; 3sg. XX/XXII 195; intr. make love C XVIII 224; pr.t.pl. XIII 352, C XVII 137. 4. favour (corruptly) III 30, A III 29, C III 31; pr.t.lsg. Ill 32, A III 31, CIII 35; pi. Ill 53, C II 191, III 57; imp.sg. Ill 91. 5. desire X 342; pr.t.3sg. XIX/XXI 66, C II 36, III 282; pi. Ill 126, XI 224, A III 115, C VI 142, X 168, XI 12; pa.subj.sg. C XIX 140; enjoy X 93; pa.t.lsg. C V S ; 3sg, took pleasure in XIII 451, C VII 111; liked, cared for IV 19, C IV 19; intr. pr.t.pl. covet C XVII 138. 6. be well disposed to, view w. favour V 559, XI 55, XVII 297, A VI 46, C XII 7; pr.t.2sg. C VIII 25; 3sg. IX 108, XIV 126

Glossary

loue(n) - lowliche 10; full of love VIII 66, A IX 57; affectionate, amiable V 553, XI 241, A IX 77, C XII 130; gracious and benevolent XVII 46; benign C XVIII 10; excellent VI 276, A VII 260; beautiful, lovely I 3, XII 264, A VII 18, C X 65; superl. I 112, A I 110, C XIV 185; handsomest XIII 294, C VI 44; enjoyable to watch XIV 244, C XVI 84. [OE luflic] louely adv. graciously, cordially XIII 26, CIII 55. [OEluflice] louer n. louver, skylight C XX 286. [AF lover, luver] louynge prp. adj. full of loving care, benevolent XIII 16; of good disposition C XVI 24. lowe, lough, logh adj. 1. here below XII 140, C XIV 85; superl. as n. lowest grade, level XII 212, C XIV 151; into ~ erthe deep in the ground C XII 184. 2. unostentatious, plain XV 423. 3. common, low (in status) III 255, A V 135, C XIII 83; as n. X 370; comp. lesser VII 162, A VIII 140; base XIX/XXI 35. 4. humble VII 63, C XVI 24, 154; meek, free of arrogance V 553, A IX 77, C VII 197; obsequious V 140; dejected C XII 14; ~ chere unhealthy appearance X 2; maden ~ chere behaved submissively C XVII 30. [cp. Ol/agr] lowe adv. low XIII 26, C V 24, XIX 10; superl. I 126, A I 115, C I 128; down IV 22, A IV 20; in/w. humility V 67, A V 50, C VI 8; without arrogance of rank VI 24, A VII 26; into dejection XI 62; ~ chered submissive XIX/XXI 263; ~ herted dejected XX/XXII 37; ~ lyuynge of humble life XII 267, C XIV 187. [ME] lowed v. 1. reflex, be submissive IX 203, C X 302; pa.t.3sg. C VIII 194; imp.sg. C XIV 9; pr.t.3sg. behaves without arrogance X310, C XII 158. 2. pa.t.Bsg. came down, descended Pr 129. [fr. adj.] lowed see LOUE, LOUYEN. lowenesse, louhnesse n. behaviour without arrogance, meekness III 291, A III 267, C V 155, humility A X 102; submission IV 109. [ME] lowynge ger. fawning XV 304. lowliche, louhliche adv. in phr. lokep ~ assumes a humble mien XIV 228, C IX 141. [fr. adj.]

250, A VI 35, CII50, III 210, VII 253; pa.t.lsg. C XIX 93; 3sg. C IV 196, VII 118; imp.sg. VI 266, A VII 250; abs. be responsive, cooperative C VIII 220. 7. of divine benevolence love pr.t.lsg. XVIII 401, XIX/XXI 181, C XX 444; 3sg. XVII 284; pa.t.lsg. XVIII 336; 3sg. XVIII 355, C XX 369; abs. pa.t.Bsg. conferred grace XVI 201; prp. as adj. XIII 16, C XVI 24. 8. of devotion to the deity love and worship I 143, XI 326, A I 131, C I 142; pr.t.lsg. XV 33, C XVI 195; 3sg. VII 128, A XI 49, C XVII 135; pi. V 563, XV 394, A VI 50, C XVII 152; imp.sg. X 361; of loving respect for religion and religious matters 178, A I 76, C I 75; pr.t.Ssg. C II 34; love (sbody) in fulfilment of the commandment of charity VI 208, X 203, A VII 194, C X 188, XIII 69; pr.t.Ssg. XIII 149, C X 79, XII 108; pi. XI 196, XII 54; pa.t.pl. XIX/XXI 112; pr.subj.pl. XI 179; imp.sg. VI 221, A III 223, VII 207, C X 92; abs. live in charity 1X203, X 360, XI 181, A VI 94, CX200, XI 130; pr.t.Ssg. XI 177, 180, C X 201; pi. C XVI 359; abs. pr.subj.sg. X 192; pi. I 181, A I 155, C I 177; imp.pl. XIX/XXI 254. [OElufian] loue, louyen v.(2) hold in regard, esteem XI 109, XIX 250, C XII 43; pa.subj.sg. XII 92; imp.sg. XII 94; respect, honour in practice C XVII 52; value, accept the concept of C XVII 130; pr.t.lsg. think (more) highly of X 190, A XI 142; 3sg. respects and takes note of IX 96, C XIII 193; pi. set store by, value IV 114, CXI 76, XIV 188; pa.t.3sg. commended XI 252; pi. acclaimed C IV 153; pr.subj.sg. approve of Pr 126, C Pr 150; imp.sg. praise XI 106, C XII 40; pp. applauded X 37, A XI 29, C XI 32. . [OE lofian, AF louer, lower} loueday n. day or meeting of reconciliation for settlement of disputes out of court X 20, A XI 20, C III 197; pi. Ill 158, A III 148, CV158. [ME] louedreem n. state of religious ecstasy XVI 20. [ME] loueknotte n. intertwined device fig. unseparable union C XVII 127. [ME] louelees, loueles adj. unloved V 119, A V 98. [ME] louely, louly adj. loving XI 187, C XVIII 127

luc - may

Glossary madden v. pr.t.pl. are deranged, unbalanced C IX 108. [ME fr. adj.] magi n. astrologers XIX/XXI 85. [L] mahoun, mahond n. a devil XIII 83, C XVIII 150, XX 293. [AF mahon] may«.(l) virgin A XII 116. [OErrueg] mayn.(2) the month of May Pr 5, A Pr 5, C XVI 10. [AF mat] may v. 1. indie, physical capability pr.t.lsg. V 387, XX/XXII 190, A VII 37, C VII 3; pr.t.2sg. XII 10; 3sg. IX 182, XI 362, C XIV 44, XVI 80; pi. VI 128, VII 101, A VII 199, CIII 253, VIII 134; pa.t.lsg. V 121, XX/XXII 197, A V 71, C VI 86, VII 186; 3sg. XVII 57, XVIII 325, C XV 45, XIX 56; pi. VI 123, C VIII 130; pa.subj.sg. XIV 85(1); w. unexpr. v. pr.t.Ssg. XIII 87, C XV 94; pi. C XII 189, 192; pa.t.lsg. V 6; pi. XIII 351, C VI 185; indie, instrinsic power, efficacy pr.t.Ssg. V 123, XI 137, XX/XXII 179, A V 100, C XX 158; pi. XIII 407; pa.t.sg. I 120(2), XI 144, C XV 218. indie, supernatural or divine power pr.t.lsg. IX 164, C X 255; 3sg. V 57, X 446, A VI 80, C I 86, VII 253, 276; pi. XI 184, C XII 100; pa.t.3sg. XI 153, XVI 217, C I 149, VI 281; pi. XIII 249; pa.subj.2sg. XIV 166, C XVI 19; 3sg. XI 197, XIV 85(2), C XVIII 287; indie, natural capability pr.t.2sg. XI 378; 3sg. II 148, III 145, XI 402, A III 164, VII 293, CX306, XVI 148; pi. III 218, VI 123, A IX 19, C XVI 65; pa.t.lsg. X 144, A XI 97; 3sg. V 438, XIII 403, C XIV 167, XVIII 55; wel ~ had it in him C XIX 244; w. neg. could not bring himself to XV 140; pr.subj.sg. XII 38; pa.subj.sg. VI 2, X 428, XV 609, A XI 287, C XIX 244. 2. indie, availability of means of resources pr.t. Isg. I 84, IV 136, XII 49, A I 82, C Pr 9, XVIII 84; 3sg. IV 88, XIV 296, A IV 75, C II 151, X 84; pi. Pr 62, IX 78, XIII 170, APr59, C XII 107, XIX 206; fig. pr.subj.2sg. C VIII 232; pa.subj.sg. C III 29; indie, effect of express or implied circumstances pr.t.lsg. I 209, V 129, A I 183, C VI 77, VII 304; 2sg. I 172, VI 222, A X 86, CXI 179; 3sg. Pr 197, III 157, 227, A III 147, C III 407; pi. 1132, III 168, V529, A VII 302, C IX 74, XII 86; pa.t.lsg. XI 331, XVIII 177, CIII 29, XI 82, XIII 139; 3sg. XV

luc, luk, lucas n. the gospeller Luke I 91, A I 89, C I 87; fig. XIX/XXI 263. lucifer n. leader of the rebel angels, the devil Pr39, 1111, A I 109, V 250, C V 187, VII 134. luft see LEFT. lukes n. Lucca in Lombardy VI 100, C IV 194. lumbardes n. Lombard bankers V 239, C IV 194. [AF] lunatik adj. demented, unbalanced mentally, mad C IX 107, 137; as n. one speaking without regard for his personal safety, therefore a madman Pr 123. [AF lunatic] lurdeyn, lordeyne n. wretch, person of no account, nobody XX/XXII 189, C V 162; pi. XVIII 102, C XX 105; villains C XVIII48. [AF lurdan] lured, luyred v. pp. drawn, attracted as by a bait V 432, C VII 45. [cp. AF lure] lurkynge, lorkyngpr.p. moving stealthily, skulking II 219, A II 178, C II 229. [OSc] lusard n. serpent XVIII 337. [AF lesard] lussheborwes see LOSSHEBORWE. lust, lost n. desire XV 51, CI111, XI 80; pi inclinations C XVII 80; physical appetite XIX/XXI 352, XX/XXII 90, A II 65; pi. XVI 32, C XVIII 36. [OE] lutede v. pa.t.Ssg. played the lute XVIII 423, C XX 466. [ME fr. n.] lufeer, lil>er adj. 1. sinful V 380, 444, A V208, CI110, VI 437; wicked C VIII 252; bad C I 194; repulsive C X 161; criminal C IV 104; as coll. n. sinful people, the wicked, X 441, C XV 214. 2. deceitful, false XVIII 354; bogus C VIII 294; dishonest C IX 182, XVII 36, XIX 248; disloyal C III 318. 3. worthless V 119, A V 9 8 ; base XV 349; poisonous C XV 219; as adv. sinfully C X 166. [OE lyfre]

M macche, mache n. wick XVII 217, C XIX 183. [AFmeche] macche v. re/1, imp.pl. ~ ysamme marry 1X178, A X 199. [MEfr.n.] maceres n. beadles III 76, A III 65. [AF] madame n. form of salutation or address my lady 111, A I 41, C I 56 [AF] madde adj. mentally deranged, mad IX 72. [OE gem<edd]

128

may - maister

Glossary 287, C IV 157; pi. XV 592, XX/XXII 93; pa.subj.Isg. Pr 215; 3sg. II 133, XIV 305, A Pr 88, C XVI 140; pr.t.3sg. has/will have cause to 162, XII 187, A I 60, C I 58, XIV 126; pi. VII 98, A VIII 80; indie, canonical permission, moral sanction, orthodoxy pr.t.lsg. Ill 257, XIX/XXI475, C I 2 0 1 ; pr.Usg. XI 80, XV 263, C II 137, 139, 152; pi. X 353, XV 390, A XI 236, C X 210, XVII 123; pa.t.3sg. Pr 70, A Pr 67, C Pr 68, XII 16; indie, entitlement or lawful right pr.t.lsg. XVIII 329, 389, C XX 372; pr.t.2sg. XIX/XXI 479; 3sg. XI 127, XIV 262, C XVI 102, XIX 289; pi. V 501, XI 123, CII1 320, 330; pr.subj.sg. VI 39. 3. quasi-modal uses impl. contingency pr.t.lsg. V 273, VI 291, A VII 275, C VIII 314; 2sg. V 592, C I 145, XVI 342; 3sg. XVI 262, XVII 94, C III 250, XX 409; pi. Pr 170, X 290, XIV 137, A VIII 80, C Pr 189; quasimodal indie, circumstantial or existential possibility can, may pr.t.lsg. XII 49, XVI 68; 3sg. I l l , III 319, VI 46, XVI 60, C V 33, XVII 151; pr.subj.2sg. VI 42, A VII 41, C III 140, VIII 40; pa.subj.sg. VII 150, C IX 299; pa.subj. indie, or impl. indeterminacy of issue/ outcome, expectation, wish, purpose Isg. V 541, C VI 264, VIII 220; 2sg. XVII 303, C V 3 4 ; 3sg. 1120(1), III 171, V 185, A VI 61, VIII 123, C III 217, IV 150, VII 308; pi. IV 82, VI 198, XVII 10, A IV 69, C XI 75, XVII 317; pa.t. subj. expr. unfulfilled or dismissed possibility Isg. V21, 169, XV 89, A V 2 1 , CPr39, VI 432; 2sg. Pr215, XII 16, A Pr88, C P r l 6 5 , XVI 19, 208; 3sg. V 373, XI 381, XIV 262, C Pr 100, III 197; pi. VI 139, XIV 45, C VIII 137, XV 243, XVII 70; pa.subj. in conditional sentences: v. of protasis Isg. II 193, A II 154, XII 88, C XIX 106; 2sg. XV 46, C XVI 208; 3sg. V 256, IX 85, A X 9, C XI 157; pi. Pr 156, C Pr 176; v. of apodosis 2sg. VII 140, A VIII 122; 3sg. Pr 166, II 133, A II 97, C XI 157, XIX 139; pi. Pr 157, X 66, A XI 52, C XI 48, XV 157. [OE m<eg, miht, magon, mihte] maide, maiden n. 1. young unmarried woman, girl XIII 344, C XVI 105; fig. XI 13, A X 15, C XI 172; pi. VII 29, A

VIII 31, CIX33;/zg. II 44, A II 96, C II 148; pi XVIII 121, C XX 124. 2. maidservant IV 59, A IV 46, C IV 62; pi. fig. maids in waiting V 621, A VI 107, C X I 171. 3. virgin V 485, 635, XI 249, XII 38, A VI 120, C VII 127, X 260; the sign Virgo of the Zodiac ? VI 328; pi. XII 204, A X 136, C X 206, XVIII 71 4. pi young persons IX 178, A X 199, C X 280. [OE nuegden] maydenhede, maydenheed, maidenhode n. virginity 1184, XVI 71, A IV 37, C I 180. [OE magenhdd] maymeth v. pr.t.3sg. wounds, injures C XX 384; pp. XVII 192, C XIX 158; disabled CV34, 1X217. [AF maigner] mayn(e) ». authority XVIII 318, C XX 361. [OE m<egeri\ maynpernour, meynpernour n. guarantor, surety IV 112, XVIII 185, A IV 99, C IV 107. [AF mainpernour] maynprise, meynprise n. 1. release upon an undertaking of surety pers. IV 88, A IV 75, C IV 84; nymep vnder ~ acts as mainpernor, goes bail for XX/XXII 17. 2. bail money XVI 264, C XVIII 280. [AF mainprise] maynprise, meynprise v. arrange for sbody's release by giving surety II 197, A II 158, C II 211; obtain pardon for IV 179, CIV 173, XX 188. [fr. n.] mayntenaunce n. protection, support in lawsuits or disputes V 250, C VI 248. [AF maintenaunce] mayntene, maynteyne, meynteyne v. 1. uphold, enforce III 216, C III 272; pr.t.pl. cherish, foster II 37. 2. support XIII 126; pr.tpl III 167, A III 154; abet III 90, A III 79; pr.t.pl II 196, A II 157, C II 210; uphold at law III 247, A III 226; protect VI 36. 3. provide means, resources for III 185, A III 172, C III 231; pr.t.3sg. enables by bribery III 150, A III 139, C III 188. 4. pr.t.3sg. unlawfully keeps as retainers IV 55, A IV 42, C IV 58; employs as mercenaries C XVII 234. [AF maintenir] mayntenour n. supporter, abetter C III 287. [AF maintenour] mair(e), meire n. mayor I 160, A III 76, C III 115; pi. Ill 76, A VIII 168, C III 108. [AF] maister n. 1. teacher XI 360, XII 101, C XIV 46; pi XII 232, XV 604, C III 277;

129

maister - make(n)

Glossary

spiritual directors X 389, XV 440, C XVI 287. 2. learned professional theologian XIII 25, C XV 38; pi. Pr 62, A IX 9, CPr60; in sarcasm pi. X 67, A XI 70; master of arts or divinity XI 174; pi. Pr87, CPr85, XVII 114; director of study XV 377, C XVII 112; lawyers III 246, A III 225, C II 179. 3. ruler III 169, XVI 85, A III 266, C V 188, XV 167; pi. Ill 292, C III 445; master, governor VI 319, XIII 167, XIX/XXI 85, A X 82, C IV 26, VIII 339; fig. hi ~ judge of your entitlement VI 40, C VIII 38; pi. lords XVIII 412, AX 15, C XX 455; men in authority VII 190, A VIII 168, C VIII 87; magistrates, judges III 246, A III 225, C II 179. 4. employer V 204, VI 240, A V 120, C III 348, XI 298; fig. V 601, A VI 88, C VII 248; pi. Ill 218, A III 234, C XVII 101; held a ~ considered superior A IV 136; was ~ ynne held sway C XII 217; worth ~ will prevail C IV 155; ~Iohan sarcastic title for a cook XIX/XXI 288. [AF maistre] maistrie, maistre n. 1. control, dominance XIV 331; power, strength V 104, A V 184; main force, violence XVIII 277, C VI 191, XX 394. 2. victory, mastery III 229, X 456, XVI 52, XVIII 66, A III 216, CXI 282, XVIII 52; haue lie ~ be supreme, in the ascendant VI 328; have my own way XIII 333, C VI 77; is/are in control IV 135, A IX 47, C IV 132. 3. great feat XVI 112; miracle XVI 115; pi. prodigies of mischief IV 26. 4. pi. skills, accomplishments XIX/XXI 255. [AF maistree] maiestee, mageste n. power and glory I 107, XV 481, XVI 184, A I 105; God in his glory 1X53, AX41. [AF] make/?, wife III 119, XII 33, A X 207, C XVIII 234; husband XIV 266; companion X248; mate XI 328, 331, C XIII 153, XVIII 223; pi. XI 344. [OE gemaca] make(n) v. 1. build, construct III 60, VII 26, A III 51, CXX43; pa.t.pl. X 414, XI 345, C XIII 156; fig. C VII 257; abs. C XVII 202. 2. of the deity create V 480, C VII 122; pa.t.lsg. 1X133, AX 164, C X 253; 2sg. V 481, C VII 123; 3sg. 158, AV47, C XIV 39, XVII 314; pp. Prl4, 1X45, A X 25, 41, C XI 203,

XIII 210. 3. compose, write IX 39, 74; pa.t.Ssg. Ill 343, V 39, A III 82, C XI 146, 152; pi. XII 101, C XVII 111; pp. V 396, C VII 12; abs. pr.t.lsg. XII 22; pa.t.lsg. C V S ; draw up XI 127; pr.t.lsg. VI 86, A VII 78, C VIII 95; 3sg. XX/XXII 278; pp. II 73, A II 55, C II 75; promulgate C XVIII 264; pa.t.Ssg. C XX 306. 4. manufacture, fashion, make VI 142, XVIII 48, C Pr 146, V 14; fig. XIV 16, XX/XXII 336, C XIII 207; pa.t.3sg. V213, A V 129, C XVII 17; fig. XIX/XXI 324; pr.subj. sg. XI 350, C XIII 161; imp.pl VI 14; fig. II 182, A II 143, C II 195; pa.t.lsg. contrived, devised XIII 361, 364; pp. C VI 260. 5. prepare, cook VI 285, XIII 250, A VII 269, C IX 75; pa.t.Ssg. C VIII 182; pp. VI 186, A VII 174; fig. bake XIX/XXI 387; pa.t.lsg.fig. cooked V158, 162, C VI 133; pa.t.lsg. brewed XVIII 364. 6. appoint, raise to office, promote, consecrate Pr 108, III 30, VII 29, XIX/XXI 29, C Pr 135, XV 166; pr.Usg. XIX/XXI 258; 3sg. XV 493, C XVII 260; pi C III 108; pa.t.3sg. Pr 114, I 108, XI 294, A I 106, C I 105; imp.pl XIX/XXI 256; pp. V 252, C VI 250; pr.t.pl arrange XV 241; pa.t.Bsg. instituted 1X119. 7. transform (into) III 300, XIX/XXI 32, A III 276; pr.Usg. Ill 297; pa.t.Ssg. XIII 327, XVI 84, C VI 72; pi. VI 188, C XV 231; pr.subj.pl. XIV 82; refl. pr.t.pl. Pr 36, A Pr 36, C Pr37; constitute XVII 189, C XIX 155; pp. IX 3, A X 3, C X 130; ~ boost amounts to a feat XIV 248, C XVI 88. 8. cause, make III 327, VI 211, VIII 123, A VII 210, C X 119, XVII 52; pr.t.3sg. Ill 123, VI 205, A VII 242, C VIII 270, XII 150; pi VIII 31, X 118, C VII 109; pa.t.lsg. X 111, A XI 129, C XI 117; 3sg. Prll3, III 278, A V 44, C X 66; pi. II 215, XX/XXII 127, A II 174, C II 225; pp. VII 149, A VIII 131, C XV 38; compelled XVIII 81, C XX 83; pa.t.Bsg. ~ hymself to doone exerted himself VI 110, A VII 102, C VIII 117. 9. of condition or circumstance cause to be, make I 19, II 148, X 386, A III 4, C I 19, XV 197; pr.t.2sg. XIV 114, C VII 128; 3sg. Ill 212, VI 161, A III 272, VI 98, C XX 324; pi XV 341; pa.t.lsg. Ill 198, C XX 90; 2sg. V 486; 3sg. A XII 59; pi. 130

make(n) - man

Glossary

322; pr.t.lsg. ~ mone pray for forgiveness of sin XV 26, CXVI 186; pr.t.pl. ~ hirmone appeal, pray XV 506, C XVII 257; pa.t.pl. complained VI 123, C VIII 130; ~ myrj)es play music Pr 33, A Pr 33, C Pr 35; ~ wehee neigh IV 23, A IV 21. [OEmadan] makere n. creator X 248, XVI 184. [fr. v.] makynge ger. construction III 62, C III 66; creation XI 296, XVII 171; making C XIII 110; devising X 217, A XI 160; composition A XI 32; C III 495; versifying A XII 109; pi. XII 16; fig. cooking XIII 53. [fr. v.] makometh, makameth, macumeth, machameth n. Mohammed III 329, C XVII 159. male n. bag, valise C XIII 56; pi. V 232, C VI 236. [AF] male adj. of the male sex XVI 236, C XVIII 252. [AF] maleese, malese n. pain XIII 77, C VIII 232. [AF malese] malencolie, malecolie n. bilious fit of temper, access of anger XIII 333, C VI 77. [AF] males n. male animals XI 339, C XIII 147. [AF] malkyn n. woman's name (for Matilda, Maud) I 184, A I 158, C I 180. malt n. malted barley Pr 198, C Pr 216. [OE] maluerne n. Malvern in Worcestershire Pr 5, APr88, C V 110. mamelen v. go on talking V21, C V 123; pa.t.Ssg. spoke foolishly XI 418, C XIII 226. [?] mammonaes, mammonaus, mammones n. gen. Mammon's (Luke 16.9) VIII 90, A 1X81, C X 8 7 . man n. person (of either sex ) Pr 198, I 89, V438, A I 87, C Pr 215, VI 117, XV 301; pi. people Pr 18, 144, A Pr 69, C IV 121, X 260; pi. goddes ~ monks or friars III 71, C XVII 67. 2. God's creature 182, 162, V 4%l; by meton. Adam and his progeny C I 158; w. general sense mankind, humankind V 488, XIII 77, C X V 8 3 ; pi. XV 514, C XVII 265; ~ or no ~ realizable in human kind or not VIII 130; pi. men as fallible creatures XII 101, C XIV 47; of Christ's human nature V 485, XVI 217, C VII 130. 3.

XIII 42, C XV 47; pr.subj.sg. XV 565, C XVII 229; pa.subj.sg. XI 204, C XII 112; imp.sg. C XVI 23; pp. XIII 214, A V 79, C XVI 19. 10. bring about III 221, XIII 258, XVIII 161, A III 208, C XIII 76, XVII 238; pr.t.Ssg. IV 70, A VII 191, C XIX 299; pa.t.Ssg. C XX 376; pr.subj.sg. IV 72, V413, A IV 96, X 51, C X 158; pa.subj.sg. IV 142, V 388, A IV 125, C IX 234; pp. C III 209; generate XVII 243, C XIX 217; pp. brought into being IX 139, A X 170; ~ ende draw the conclusion III 281, A III 259, C III 434; conclude a case at law III 161, A III 150, C III 199. 11. accomplish XVII 145, C XIX 119; pr.t.Ssg. IV 26; pr.t.pl. perform C IX 113; pa.t.3sg. XVI 115, XIX/XXI 119. 12. contextually of particular activity /action conduct, hold, make A V 143, C VI 280; pr.t.Ssg. Ill 158, XI 308, A III 148, CIII 196; pi. XI 190, XIII 441, C XII 102; pa.t.lsg. C VI 178; 3sg. V 449, XIII 344, XV 462, XVI 140, A V 221, C XI 161, XII 136; pi. C X 246; pr.subj.sg. C XIII 43; pp. II 44, V 397, XI 221, A II 26, C VII 13: pr.t.pl. ~ restitution restore ill-gotten gains XVII 239, C XIX 205; pa.t.lsg. V 230, C VI 234; pr.subj.sg. V271; pp. C VI 295; ~ memoria of name in the commemoration of the mass XX/XXII 366; pr.t.Ssg. ~ mynde of refers (to) IX 125, C XV 306; ~ mencion is a case in point X 454, C XI 279; ~ mencioun of instances C VIII 246. 13. of states of mind refl. ~ hym/vs murpe Jjermyd/wiJ) enjoy it VI 67, A VII 145, C VIII 68; pa.t.Ssg. XIII 60, C XV 64; pa.t.Ssg. ~ hym merjje heartened, encouraged him A III 185; pr.t.Ssg. ~ sorwe experiences contrition XIII 410; imp.sg. grieve, be anxious III 16, A III 16, C III 17; pp. ~ noen eaten a midday meal C VIII 288; pr.t.Ssg. ~ lytel tale holds of small importance C III 391. 14. of speech, sound speak, utter II 82, C II 89; pa.t.Ssg. XVI 77, XVIII 282, C XVIII 109; pr.t.pl. preach A XI 274; pa.t.pl. sang VIII 66, A IX 57; expressed XI 221; imp.sg. ~ faire chere welcome XX/XXII 349; ~ doel express contrition V 379, A V 207; pr.t.pl. express grief, lament XV 146; pr.subj.pl complain, grumble XVII 342, C XIX 131

man - mantel

Glossary

adult male human, man I 184, III 309, IX 114, A X 113, C III 237, XIII 139, XVIII 91; fig. Ill 6, A IV 10, C II 139; pi V 561, A X 152, C II 7, III 397; husband XIV 267, XVI 221, A X 202, C XII 135. 4. retainer, servant III 24, IV 132, 155, A III 23, C XVI 58; fig. V 596(1), A XI 101; fig. C VII 244(1); pi. Ill 210, IV 55, VI 170, A III 154, VII 155, C XIII 62; subjects III 221, A III 208; army III 201, A III 188, C III 253; as a ~ lyue live in style C III 250; for a ~ holden admired for magnanimity III 212, A III 199, CIII 268; in address IV 96, A XI 9, C IV 92; uninfl. gen. menne, men C II 125, V 29. [OE] man pron. indef. one, (a) person I 116, V 282, XIV 188, C VIII 200. [OE] manacen, manescheth v. pr.t. pi. threaten (to do sthing) XVI 49; pa.t.3sg. XVI 127; pr.t.3sg. threatens (sbody) C IV 62; pa.t.3sg. VI 170, XIII 6, A VII 155, C XV 6. [AF manacer] maner see MANOIR. maner(e) n. 1. sort, kind, class A III 325; pi Pr 18, A Pr 18, C Pr 20, VIII 231; w. n. in app. a ~ XIX/XXI 324, C III 305; any-VII 7, A VIII 7, C XX 384; euery- 1X182, C XIX 262; many- II 187, A V 1 2 0 , C VI 212; no- III 256, A III 235, C VI 282; som ~ V 25, A V 25, CIX33; o ~ kynde XV 316; som ~ wyse C IX 33; in no ~ by any means XX/XXII 197; w. pi. n. II 13, III 213, 231, VI 267, A III 200, 218, VII 251, C II 59, VII 86, 109. 2. of an action manner, fashion, way I 118, V 280, A II 47, C VII 23, XI 33; pi XVII 196, 285, C XIX 266; in mesurable ~ moderately I 19, A I 19. 3. pi. manners, characteristic ways of behaviour V431, C II 7; conduct C VII 300; eccentricities XV 251; in-of like XIII 3, XIX/XXI 98, CIII 404; ellip. in no ~ ellis not otherwise than V584, C VII 231. [AF] manered, ymanered pp. in phr. ~ after having the habits/disposition of II 27, XV 416, CII27. [fr. n.] manged, maunged v. pa.t.Bsg. ate A XII 72; pp. eaten VI 258, A VII 242, C VIII 270. [AF manger] mangerie«. feast XI 112, C XII47. [AF] mangnel n. large ballistic weapon, mangonel C XX 293. [AF mangonel}

manhede, manhod(e) n. 1. humanity, the human species XVI 202, 220, C XVIII 219, 238. 2. human nature XIX/XXI 158. 3. standing and good name for open-handedness III 185, A III 172, C III 231; name for generosity C XVII 66; gentleness, mansuetude XVI 209; fig. generous bestowal of divine grace XII 297. [ME] manye, mony, moneye, meny adj. numerous, many Pr48, 65, A P r l O l , C Pr5, 1118; postp. Pr 219, 116, A III 22, C Pr 96, II 115; mod. sg. n. Pr 198, V 169, A IV 21, V 71, C Pr 215, III 160; - a V 252, C III 135; as n. a large number, many Pr 25, A II 178, C III 13; w. partitive ~ of Pr 62, A Pr 59, C Pr 125. [OE manig] mankynde n. 1. the human race, mankind V 485, XVI 209, C III 404, XI 142, XVIII 214; human beings C XIII 181; natural human condition C XVIII 233; human sexual agency C XI 143. 2. the human souls in hell XVIII 269, C XX 277. 3. of Christ human nature XVII 151, XIX/XXI 72; fig. XVII 110. [cp. OE mancynn] manlich adj. generous, open-handed V 257. [OEmanlic] manliche adv.(\) forcefully, strongly XVI 127; boldly, w. confidence X 290; w. handsome genersosity X 90, 94. [OE manllce] manlich adv.(I) in particularly, especially, principally C VIII 51, IX 336 (so also, recte, VI 53, VII 190, A VII 48, VIII 168). [ME fr. mam adv.] manoir n. 1. mansion, great house X313; pi. C V 159, VI 26; pi. manorial estates V 243. 2. fig. fortress, stronghold V 586, A VI 73, C VII 233; castle A X I S . [AF] manschipes n. displays of respect, honours done or shown C XII 106. [ME] mansedpp. cursed II 40, C II 43; hardened in sin XII 84; corrupt, immoral X 284, XX/XXII 221. [ME fr. amansen] mansion n. abode, habitation XIV 217, C XVI 58. [AF] manslauht, manslaght n. violence, killing C IV 182, XVII 241. [OE mannslzht, mansleht] mantel n. cloak, mantle XIII 229, C XV 203. [AF] 132

marbil - matere

Glossary

mark, merk «.(!) 1. impress, stamp XV 350, C XVII 78. 2. distinctive character, nature IX 31, A X 32. 3. heed, notice XVII 106. 4. boundary marker C III 382. [OE mearc, AF mark] mark, marc «.(2) a monetary unit, mark (160 pence) V 31, A V 31, C V 133. [OE] markeden v. 1. pa.t. pi. noted, recorded XII 130, C XIV 74. 2. pp. assigned, ordained XII 186, C XIV 125; marked, signed (Apoc. 7) A XI 261. [OE mearcian] market, marcat n. place or occasion of assembly for buying and selling, market V 101, A V 8 1 ; pi. Pr221; sg. fig. pe newe ~ XVII 75, C XIX 74. [LOE fr. L] marl n. lime as fertilizer C XII 231. [AF marie] marre v. afflict (in punishment) C III 143. [OE merran] martha n. Martha (Luke 10.38) XI 250, C XII 136. martired, martre 1. pp. put to death for professing Christianity XV 265, 531, C XVII 281. 2. kill for his religious teaching C XX 334; pp. XV 523. [OE gemartyrian, AF martirer] martires, martres n. persons put to death for professing Christianity IX 114, C X 205; sg. coll. fig. C XII 196. [OE martyr] mason n. worker in stone, mason XI 350, C XIII 161; pi. Pr222, A P r l O l . [AF] masse, messe n. the celebration of the eucharist 1183, A V 224, C III 53, XIII 115; pi. Ill 253, A III 232, C V 63; conduct of that celebration by a priest Pr 97, XI 308, C P r l 2 5 , XIII 115; pi. XI 284; ~ of pe day mass w. lirurgically correct text for the particular day of the Christian year XI 314, C XIII 126; haue ... in ~ include in the commemoration of the mass C VIII 103. [OE masse] massepens, mas pans, messe penis n. pennies given to the priest for commemorative masses III 224, A III 211, C III 279. [ME] mat adj. dejected V 129, A V 106. [AF] matere n. 1. material, substance XI 402, C XIII 210; topic, subject V21, XI 160, A V 2 1 , C I 123, V 110; good- religious instruction XV 58; pronouncement C XV 24; issue VIII 123, XI 108,

tnarbil n. marble floor or step A X 104. [AF marble] marc, mark n. the gospeller Mark V 408, C VII 139; fig. XIX/XXI 264. march n. borderland, disputed territory XV 446, XX/XXII221; pi. IX 11, A X 11, CX 138. [OEmeorca] marchal, marchel n. commander III 201, A III 188, CIII 257. [AF] marchaunden v. buy and sell, do business XIII 393, C VI 280. [AF marchaunder] marchaundise, marchandise, marchauntdyse, marchaundie n. 1. commerce, buying and selling III 226, V 284, A III 236, C XIII 51; business methods C III 110. 2. wares, goods for sale V 204, XIII 361, A V 1 2 0 , C XIII 53; fig. Pr63, APr60, C P r 6 1 . [AF] marchaunt, marchant n. merchant IV 132, A IV 115, C XIII 33; broker XIX/XXI 349; pi. city magnates C IV 193; shopkeepers II 215, A VIII 20, C VI 96. [AF] marchen v. fig. pr.t. pi. have a common boundary, are commensurate Pr 63, C Pr 61. [OE mearcian, AF marchir] mare n. mare VI 287, A VII 271, C VIII 310. [OE mere, mearh] mareys n. marshland, fen XI 354, C XIII 167. [AF march} margery n. in phr. ~ perles pearls X 9, A XI 9, C XI 7. [AF margerie] margyne n. margin (of a document) VII 18, A VIII 20, CIX22. [AF margine] margrete, margarete, margerete n. Margaret IV 50, A IV 37, C IV 48. mariage n. marriage A II 22, C XVI 110; pi. IX 158, CX246. [AF] marie n. 1. Mary the mother of Jesus 112, A IV 151, C VII 148. 2. Mary of Magdala V 497, C VII 137; ~ Maudeleyne X 428, A XI 287, C XI 261; for Mary of Bethany (Jo. 11.1) XI 250, C XII 136; ~ Egipciaca C XVII 23; ~ as expletive VIII 18, A IX 14. marien v. 1. intr. marry, get married XII 38. 2. trans, refl. pa.t.pl. intermarried w. A X 154; imp.pl ~ 3ow togyderes marry each other C X 280; pp. married II 40, A X 113, C XVI 108. 3. provide dowries for VII 29, A VIII 31; to ~ wip myselue as my dowry II 31; witness the marriage of II 57; pr.t.pi. arrange the marriages of IX 158. [AF marier] 133

matere - megre

Glossary

A IX 113, C XII 42; pi. XV 71. [AF] Mathew, Matheu, Mattheu n. the gospeller III 254, A VII 212, C III 312; fig. XIX/XXI264. matyn(e)s, mateynes, mataynes n. matins, the morning service preceding the mass of the day Pr 97, A V 2, C III 53. [AF matins} matrimoyne, matrimonie n. marriage, wedlock XVI 209, C X 210; fig. union in marriage C II 152; the marriage bond XV 241, XX/XXII 138; the married state C XVIII 236; fig. XVI 68, C XVIII 109. [AF matremoine] maudeleyne, maudelene see MARIE. maugree, maugre n. ill will, hostility VI 240, A VII 224; haue ~ are blameworthy IX 158. [AF maugre] maugree, maugre, maugrey(e) prep. despite II 203, A II 164, C II 217; regardless of VI 67, C VIII 68; contrary to XVIII 350, C X 246; in phr. ~ ... chekes/teeb despite all ... can/could do IV 50, XVIII 81, A VII 145, C VIII 38. [fr. n.] maumettes n. idols, lifeless images C Pr 119. [AF maumet] maundement n. mandate XVII 2, C XIX 2; commandment XVII 63, C XIX 62. [AF mandement] mawe n. 1. stomach, guts V 125, XIII 83, A VII 251, C VI 433; pi VI 178, A VII 163. 2. belly VI 174, A VII 159, C VIII 171. [OEmaga] 01336, mase n. illusory values 16, A I 6, C I 6; in phr. the ~ among vs disorder will be our condition Pr 192; the ~ for it is bewildering and hopeless for III 160, A III 149, C III 198. [cp. ME masen v.] me pron. indef. one, a person C III 407, 413, 478, VII 76. [men indef. pron. further red.] mebles, moebles n. (movable) wealth, treasure C X 187, XVI 12; pi. 1X85, C X 97; possessions, chattels XVII 278, C XIII 6; ~ and vnmoebles everything the man owns III 269, C III 422. [AF moeble] mede n. 1. spiritual reward III 244, XII 292, A III 224, C II 136, XIII 97; just reward for service III 210, A II 87, III 197, CIII 266, 274; material reward III 243, 254, A III 222, 232; pi. recompense, rewards III 231, A III 218.

2. payment III 224, 225, 253, A III 211, VIII 60, C III 272, 277, VII 200; alms in payment III 219, A III 206, CIII 275. 3. material gain II 51, III 246, 257, XI 334, A III 272, C II 77, 141, III 249; commercial profit III 226, A III 213, C III 281. 4. money and recompense as a factor in society III 227, A III 214. 5. gift, gratuity III 256, 349, A VIII 44, CIII 499; bribes II 36, III 247, 297, A IV 125, C III 123, 288, 290. 6. pers. the profit motive III 229, A III 216, C III 285; the morally debilitating power of the acquisitive instinct generally: II 53, 62, III 169, 259, All 16, III 1, C II 19, 38, IV 26; to induce the sin of covetousness II 34, C II 38; to induce dishonesty II 27, 40, A II 22, 58, C II 45, 72; to corrupt the law II 64, 148, 154, 174, A III 16, IV 118, C II 164, III 177, IV 132; to corrupt churchmen CIII 30, 53, 165; to corrupt confessors III 36, A III 42, C III 63. 7. pers. the principle of just reward for service II 120, A II 84. 8. pers. the practice of amending wrong done by compensation III 177, IV 72, A IV 58, C III 223; pers. IV 77, 94, 103, AIV 63, 81, 90, CIV 73, 90, 97. [OEmed] medebv. pays III 216, A III 203. [cp. OE median] medicyne n. medicine XVII 80, 94, C XIX 77; safeguard, prophylactic I 35, A I 33, C I 33; antidote XV 562, XVIII 155, C XVII 225. [AF medecine] meditacion n. meditation, devout contemplation XV 295. [AF] medle v. 1. struggle, contend XX/XXII 179. 2. pr.subj.pl. concern ourselves XII 124, C XIV 67; w. refl. pron. pr.t.2sg. occupy, busy XII 16; pr.t.Bsg. ~ of dabbles in A XII 109. 3. pa.t.pl. interfered w. XI 344. 4. pa.t.lsg. mixed (various qualities of) C VI 260; pp. bonded, combined IX 3, A X 3, C X 130. [AFmedler] meel, mel n. 1. mealtime 124, A I 24. 2. pi. meals X 102; dinner parties C XII 106; gen. in phr. a ~ mete food for a meal C VI 289, XV 35. [OE rruet\ mees n. a dish of food served for two people XIII 54; dish, portion of food XV 316. [AF mes] megre adj. thin C VI 94. [AF] 134

meyne(e) - mene

Glossary

memento n. Psalm 131 (beginning 'Be mindful, Lord') V 466, A XI 55, C XI 49. [L] memorie n. recollection, memory A XI 216; commemoration (in the canon of the mass) VI 95, A VII 87, C VIII 104; commemorative prayer C VII 27. [AF] men pron. indef. one, a person Pr 166, II 27, III 130, A I 138, C VII 70, XIX 6, 237, XX 468. [OE man in wk stress] mencion, mencioun, mensioun n. reference C VIII 246; in phr. make)) ~ refers to a case in point X 454, C XI 279. [AF] mende v. repair A III 51, C VI 288; pp. CIII 61. [AY mender] mendynaunt, mendena(u)nt n. beggar XIII 3, C X V 3 ; coll.pl. the destitute X 66, XV 154, A XI 201, C V 76, 1X180; solitaries dependent on charity XV 274; orders of mendicant friars C XV 80; as adj. begging C Pr 60. [AF mendinant] mendis n. pi. compensation A II 83; reparation A IV 90, C IV 97. [fr. prec. and cp. amendes] meene, mene adj. common, ordinary Pr 18, III 160, A XI 57, C Pr 222, III 81; comp. of lower social rank, baser XIV 166. [OEgemaine] mene, meene n. 1. agent, middleman XVI 192, C XVIII 201. 2. intermediary I 160, C I 156; pi. Ill 76. 3. intercessor XV 507, C XVII 158; w. adju. ~ bitwene VIII 124, A IX 114, C X 120; mediatrix VII 202, A VIII 180, C IX 348. 4. moderator XIV 255, C XVI 95. 5. wibouten any ~ directly, immediately 1X35. [AF] mene adj. intermediary 1X116, A III 65; intervening XIII 394, C VI 281. [AF] mene, meene, v. 1. in phr. is/was to ~ : 1. is/was intended to signify VII 160, X 415, A I 11, C XIII 65; mean in essence XIV 275; means (when translated) X 462, XI 275, A X 163, C III 125; signifies XVI 63; portends XVIII 126, C XX 129; as moche to ~ signifying IX 51, A X 39; fig. a wolde ~ she is intended to signify C XI 112; pr.t.2sg, have in mind, mean XIII 211; 3sg. means in English XV 119; means in plain terms C IV 147; ~ after derives its sense from XV 459. 2. pr.t.lsg. speak,

meyne(e), mayne, mene n. 1. household X 94, XV 139, A V 79; fig. retinue, train of followers II 185, A III 23, C II 198; - a n d - sets of retainers V 99. 2. angelic host I 108, A I 106; army III 198. 3. descendants XVI 236, C XVIII 252. [AF meine] mek(e) adj. 1. compassionate 1173, A X 128, C I 172; benevolent XVIII 115. 2. virtuous XVI 91, C XVIII 124; disposed to virtue C XVI 23; free of arrogance VIII 80, A X 83. 3. submissive VI 205, A VII 191, C VIII 211; as n. the contrite, repentant sinners C IX 15; tame XIV 114; gentle XV 306. [cp. OI mjukr] mekely adv. submissively I 168, VII 103, A I 142, C XII 179; obediently III 210, A III 197, C III 266; respectfully III 36, A III 35; ~ grette paid humble respects to X 224, A XI 166; compassionately I 170, A I 144, C I 166; contritely C IX 238. [fr. adj.] mekel, mekil see MUCHEL. meken v. re/7, humble (...self) V 69, A V 52, C VI 10; make humble petition IV 94, V601, A IV 81, C I V 90; pr.t.Bsg. subjects himself C XVII 154; abs. pr.t.3sg. becomes humble XX/XXII 35. [fr. adj.] mekenesse, meknesse, meeknesse n. 1. pers. respect for law and institutions (pietas) IV 160, C IV 155; submission to the law IV 142, A IV 125, C XV 273. 2. submission to the divine will fig. V 561, A VI 48, C VII 206; pers. XI 138, C XII 73. 3. respectful courtesy X 152, A XI 104, C XI 90. 3. kindness of heart pers. VI 40, C VIII 38. [fr. adj.] mele n. meal, flour XIII 260, C IX 75. [OE melu] mele v. speak X 141, A XI 94; trans. pr.t.Ssg. says III 105, A III 94. [OE m£\an\ melk, mylk n. milk V 437, C IX 75. [OE meolc, mile] melte v. pr.t.pl melt XVII 232, C XIX 198; trans, fig. melts prt.S.sg. XVII 230, 234, C XIX 196, 200; pp. molten XIII 83. [OEmeltan] membre n. 1. limb XVIII 342, C V 33, XX 384; pi. VII 102, A VIII 84, C IX 178. 2. Jig. pi. members, constituent parts XIX/XXI 470; pryue ~ private parts XII 230. [AF]

135

mene - meschaunce

Glossary to a superior I 11, 43, A II 2, C XI 86; in excl. XVI 259, C XVIII 275. [AF merci] merciable adj. compassionate, forgiving V 503, XVIII 375, C XX 436; compassionate and charitable XV 154, C IX 15, XVII 46; as n. the compassionate XVII 234, C XIX 200. [AF] merciedev. pa.t.Bsg. thanked III 20, A III 19, CIII 21. [AFmercier] merciful adj. compassionate and charitable II 32. [ME] mercyment, mercement n. fine assessed at discretion fig. I 162, C I 158; financial levy C IV 182. [AF merciment] mercymonye n. reward XIV 127. [ML merdmonia] mere n. boundary C III 381. [OE moire] meritew. 1. spiritual credit 1183, V 378, A I 157, C XVI 329; entitlement to spiritual reward X 256, CXI 157. 2. means of acquiring merit XI 183. [AF] meritorie adj. commendable XI 79; beneficial C IX 68. [AF] merk, myrke adj. 1. gloomy, dismal I 1, A l l , C I 1. 2. difficult and obscure XI 160, C XVIII 196; as n. the darkness XVII 244, C XIX 210. [cp. OI myrkr] merknesse, merkenesse n. darkness fig. XVIII 177, C XX 180; darkness of hell XVIII 136, C XX 139. [fr. adj.] mersyen v. pr.t. pi. assess a fine or penalty upon C VIII 37. [AF mercier] merueille, merueyle n. 1. matter of, cause for wonderment IX 153; wonderment XI 75, XVIII 127, C XX 130; pi. marvellous feats XV 590. [AF merveille] merueil(l)ed v. pa.t.lsg. recalled w. amazement C XV 21; impers. w. dat. pron. pr.t. I am amazed C XIII 192; pa.t. I marvelled XI 351, C XIII 162; wondered XI 360, C XVIII 23. [AF merveiller} merueillous adj. marvellous, wonderful Pr 11, A P r l l ; superl VIII 68, A IX 59. [AF merveillous] merueillously, merueylousely adv. 1. wondrously C Pr 9, X 67; miraculously VII 165, A VIII 143, C IX 309. 2. awfully, horribly XX/XXII 52. [fr. adj.] meschaunce, myschaunce n. 1. disaster C Pr 105, III 97; bad luck, misfortune III 167, V91, A III 154, CVI69; wretched condition XVII 267, C XIX 233. 2.

state, assert V 277; 3sg. says X 281; pa.t.Ssg. C V 37, XI 81; proclaims XVII 9; urges X 90. 3. pr.t. pi. -after are drawn to, strive for XV 471; prp. ~ as after intent on XV 405, C XVII 176. [OE mdtnan] mened v. refl. pa.t.3sg. made a plaintive appeal III 170, A III 157, C III 216; pa.t.pl. complained VI2. [OEmdinan] meneuer n. as adj. of squirrel fur XX/XXII 138. [AF menu vair] menged v. pa.t.Ssg. mingled, mixed (good and bad quality) XIII 361. [OE mengan] mengen, monewe v. commemorate VI 95, A VII 87, C VIII 104. [OE mynegian] menyng ger. in phr. in ~ intending that C VIII 247; in ~ [>at w. the intended significance, to signify XIV 45, XV 306, C XVIII 92; portending XVIII 136, C XX 139; in ~ after intent on XV 475; in ~ of implying, suggesting C Pr 99; pi. impulses, instinct C I 138. [fr. v.(l)] menyson in phr. ~ blody menstrual hemorrhage XVI 111. [AF menison] menours n. friars minor, Franciscan friars VIII 9, A IX 9, C X 9 . [AF] menske v. bring honour to III 184, A III 171, CIII230. [cp. Olmennskr] mercede n. recompense XIX/XXI 76; fair recompense C III 291, 333. [L] mercer n. cloth merchant V 252, C VI 250. [AF] mercy n. 1. forgiveness, pardon V 69, A V52, C XIII 13. 2. divine forgiveness of sin I 173, V 281, VII 201, A I 147, C VI 92, 274; fig. II 31; pers. as the first person of the Trinity I 170, A I 144; as the mother of Christ V 635, A VI 120, C VII 288; by synec. absolution in the sacrament of penance C IX 277; divine benevolence V 283, X 68, 389, A III 224, V 243, C II 136, VI 172, 333; variously fig. V 586, XI 265, XIX/XXI 324, A VI 73, C VII 233; grace of amendment C XIX 294; fig. the power to work miracles C XV 221. 3. clemency III 319, IV 77, A IV 125, C IV 139, XIX 270(1); pers. XI 138, XVIII 397, C XII 73, XX 440. 4. loving kindness XV 469; compassion, pity IV 99, V466, A XI 51, 261, C VIII 177; fig. XVI 5; pers. VI 39, X 376, A XI 257, C VIII 37; haue ~ of be lenient w. Ill 59, C III 63. 5. in courteous address

136

meschaunce - metels

Glossary

246, A III 225. [ME] met n. quantity, amount measured out XIII 358; caste ~ calculated dimensions C XI 124. [OEmet] metal n. metal XV 350, C XVII 75; fig. XV 353, C XVII 79. [AF] mete«. 1. food 124, III 224, XI 418, A VII 185, C VI 289; fig. XIII 48, C XV 45. broke- leftovers XVI 126, C XVIII 154; pi. varieties of prepared food, dishes VI 267, A VII 251; fig. XIII 38, C XV 43, 89; -out of mesure gluttony C XIII 188; riche- delicacies XIV 231, C XV 231. 2. (the) meal, dinner V 2, 453, XIII 60, A V 2, C VI 147; by synec. the dinner table VI 53, X 53, A I 138, C XVI 343; service of the meal XIII 37. 3. foodstuffs obtained by manual labour, produce of the land VI 19, 233, A VII 21, C XV 267. 4. means of livelihood XI 284. 5. pi. fodder XIX/XXI 415. [OE mete] mete, meete v.(l) 1. measure Pr 215, A Pr 88, C Pr 165; pr.t.pl. use in measurement, measure out w. I 177, A I 151, C I 173; pa.t.Bsg. equated, found commensurate IV 143, A IV 126, C IV 140. 2. catch up w. XVII 83. 3. pr.t.pl. progress A Pr 60; pa.t.Ssg. came to C IV 41. [OEmetan] mete, meete v.(2) 1. in phr. ~ wib encounter, meet VIII 119, XV 251, A IX 109, C XVI 143; pa.t.lsg. XVI 172, C V 6 , 1X247; pi. II 215, A II 189, C II 225; pr.subj.sg. XI 28, C IX 122; pa.subj.sg. C XIII 57; come upon C XIII 47, 62; pa.t.lsg. made the acquaintance of XIII 25; pi. C XV 29; met (for a purpose) XVI 146. 2. trans, encountered pa.t.lsg. V 101, A V 8 1 , 1X3, 8, C VI 178; 3sg. XIX/XXI 157; pi. V 515, A VI 3, C XVIII 167; pr.subj.sg. C XVIII 246; pi. C VII 297; pp. XI 244. 3. intr. come together, meet XIII 6; pa.t. pi XVII 55, A VII 155, C XVII 30; pa.subj.pl. C XIII 33; pa.t.Ssg. engaged in combat w. XX/XXII 93. [OEmetan] metelees, meteles adj. without food VII 147, A VIII 129, C IX 296; unfed X 66, A XI 52. [OEmeteleas] metels, meteles n. dream Pr 209, VII 148, A VIII 130, C IX 297, XV 4; pi. A VIII 131; in ~ dreaming II 53, XI 407; dreams as experience VII 173, A VIII

falling into sin VIII 60, A IX 51, C X 59; wickedness, sinful conduct XIV 76. [AF] meschief, myschief n. 1. misfortune III 177, A III 164, C IX 180; bad times C Pr215, XIII 71; trouble IV 72, A IV 58; catastrophe Pr 67, A Pr 64, C Pr 65; disaster XII 84. 2. time of peril X 399, CXI 230; peril X 457, XX/XXII 65. 3. suffering XIII 77; affliction VII 103, XIV 174, A VIII 85; a crippled body C IX 217; pi. C IX 184, XII 179; poverty IX 78, XIV 255, C VIII 232, XVI 78; extreme hunger VII 205, XIX/XXI 283, A VII 191, C VIII 212; disease XV 98, C XVI 251. 4. immorality, wrong doing XIV 76. 5. harsh punishment C III 143; visitation of wrath for sin III 278; at ~ in time of need XI 300; needy A XI 201; disastrously A X 181. [AF] mesel(e)s, musels, myselis n.pl. lepers III 133, A VIII 85, C IX 180. [AF meset] mesondieux, mesondewes, mesonisdeux n. hospitals, poor-houses VII 26, A VIII 28, C IX 30. [AF maison dieu] message n. petition XV 506, C XVII 257. [AF] mes(s)ager, masager, messanger n. authorized courier, despatch rider IV 132, A IV 115, C XIII 33; pi. II 230, A l l 189, C II 240; conveyor of divine tidings XV 408, XVI 97, XIX/XXI 207; fig. bearers of messages to God C IX 136. [AF] messie n. the Messiah III 303, XV 592, C XVII 159. [AF] mestier, mester n. task VII 7, A VIII 7, C 1X7. [AF] mesurable adj. 1. moderate 119, A I 19. 2. commensurate III 256, A III 235. [AF] mesure, mesour n. 1. scales of balance fig. I 177, A I 151, C I 173; pi. instruments of measurement XIII 358, XIV 295, C XVI 130. 2. measure drawn C VI 230; size XVI 182. 3. regulated proportion XX/XXII 254. 4. moderation I 35, XIV 71, A XII 73, C I 19, XVII 52; as n. what is moderate XX/XXII 26, C XIII 188. [AF] mesured v. re/7. pa.t. pi. exercised moderation XIV 78; imp.pl. control, regulate XIV 82. [AF mesurer] mesurelees, mesurles adj. limitless III

137

metels - myldely

Glossary

149, C IX 318. [fr. fol] meten v. dream Pr 11, A P r 11; pa.t.lsg. XX/XXII 52; 3sg. VII 165, A VIII 143, C IX 309; prp. C II 56; pp. C XIII 215; impers. w. dot. pa.t. V 9, VIII 68, A IX 59, CPr222, V I 1 0 . [OE mdtan\ mete3yueres n. in phr. goode ~ people who kept open house and a good table XV 147. [ME] metyng ger. dream XIII 4, A IX 59; in ~ XI 320. [OE mating] metropolitanus n. primate, bishop w. authority over suffragan bishops in his province XV 516; C XVII 267. [L] mette n. table companion sharing a service for two XIII 48, C XV 54; pi. XIII 35, CXV40. [OEgemetta] meuen v. 1. be capable of motion, move XVII 168, C XIX 163; trans. pa.t.Bsg. move fig. XVI 77, C XVIII 109. 2. stir up, arouse XII 124, XIX/XXI 286, C XIV 67; pa.t.Bsg. C XVIII 117; perturbed XI 369, C XIII 179; pp. prompted, urged XII 4; in phr. ~ ... mood pa.t. 3sg. disposed XIII 191; pr.t.2sg. become indignant X 269. 3. of topics, issues bring up, put forward, raise VIII 123, A IX 113, C I 123; pr.t.lsg. XI 232; pi. X 117, XV 71, A XI 70, C XVI 232; pa.t.Ssg. XI 108, C XII 42; pp. C XV 129. [AF mover, mever] michel, mihel n. Michael the archangel (Dan. 10.13) VII 34, A VIII 36, C IX 37. mydprep. 1. along w., with Pr 147, I 116, A X 174, C Pr 168; together w., with XV 353, C XVI 182. 2. at his disposal XVII 171. [OEmid] mydday n. noon, midday V 492, C IX 247. [OEmiddag] myddel n. 1. waist, middle III 10, A III 10, C VI 409. 2. middle part XVII 192, C XIX 161; -ofbemoone full moon III 327, XIII 155, CIII 480. [OEmiddel] myddel adj. middle XII 7, C XVIII 118. [OE middel] myddelerbe, myddelerd n. earth, this world (as distinct from heaven) III 303, XI 9, CXI 168. [ME] myddesw. middle XVII 187, XIX/XXI 4, C XVIII 6; midst II 185, A II 146, C II 198; highest point A II 40. [OE midde, in middes] mydlenten, myddelenton adj. in phr. ~ sonday fourth Sunday in Lent XVI 172,

C XVIII 181. [OE mid lencten] mydmorewe adj. in phr. ~ tide midmorning A II 40. [ME] mydnyght, mydnyhte n. midnight XV 20, A VIII 150, C XVI 171. [OEmidniht] midsomer, myssomur n. midsummer XIV 160, C XVI 13. [OE midnesumor] Mighelmesse, Mihelmasse n. Michaelmas, 29 September, the feast of St Michael the Archangel, XIII240, C XV 215. [ME] my3t n. 1. power (of God) 1X38, 53, XIX/XXI 24, A X 41, C VI 285, XVII 314; pi. X 105, XV 66; as expr. through divine grace V 134, XIX/XXI 184, 387; as conferred on the angels I 107, A I 105; -ofmyracle XIII 255, C XV 225. 2. (political) power Pr 113, C Pr 140; wib ~ in his royal might IV 173. 3. efficacy, magic or miraculous power XIII 167, XVI 54, 211, C XX 474. 4. power for evil X 335, XIV 218, A X 63, C XVI 85, XVIII 150; pi XVI 165. 5. strength V 104, VI 201, XII 7, A V 84, C VIII 207, XVIII 30; vitality XIV 301, C XVI 137. 6. capability XVII 145, C XIX 119; ~ of moub power of language XIII 328, C VI 73; bi/emforth ~ to the extent of ... capability X 259, C VI 295, XV 141; pi. X274; pi faculties XVIII 256; inherent faculty, capability (of the soul) I 163, A I 139, C I 161. [OE miht] my3tful adj. mighty I 173, A I 147, C I 169; sufficiently powerful XVII 316; ~ god God in his merciful power XI 279. [ME] mighty, myhty adj. powerful I 176, XIX/ XXI 264, A I 150, C I 172; superl A X 54. [OEmihtig] mylde adj. humble X 152, A X 83, XI 104, C XI 90; superl. least arrogant XIX/XXI 255; possessing the virtue of humility, humble in heart XV 469, XX/ XXII 65, C XIX 204; submissive to God XV 306; gentle C IX 15, XX 118; modest, shy XII 204, C XIV 143; amiable VIII 80, XIX/XXI 93, A IX 71, C XV 273; tame XIV 114, XV 280, C XVII 239. [OEmilde] myldely adv. humbly XVII 302, C XIX 282; meekly XVI 97, C XVIII 130; submissively C IX 184; graciously III 20, A III 19, C III 10; amicably XVIII 150, C XX 153; w. no hint of reproach C III 39; lightly, leniently C III 77; 138

Glossary

myldely - myseise IX 136. [AF minestral] mynstralcie, menstralsie, mynstracie, munstracie n. music III 11, A III 11, C III 12; entertainment X 44, A XI 35, C XV 195; fig. C XVI 312. [AF munstralcie] myntwhile, mynt(e)whyle n. in phr. in a ~ quickly C XII 217, XIX 198; instantly C XIII 198. [ME:cp. fol] minute n. in phr. in a ~ while instantly XI 381; quickly XVII 232. [AF minut] miracle n. marvellous event ascribed to divine intervention in the natural law, miracle C XVIII 145; pi. XV 446, C Pr 99, 301; sg. my3tof~ divinely conferred power to perform miracles XIII 255, C XV 225. [AF] myres n. bogs, wetlands C XIII 167. [cp. OI myrr] mirour n. 1. looking glass, mirror XV 162; magical mirror XI 9, C XI 179. 2. paragon, model of conduct XV 527, C XVII 277; pi. XII 95; bad example XVI 156, C XVIII 173. [AF] mirre n. aromatic gum, myrrh XIX/XXI 76, 92. [AF] mys n. false doctrine XI18. [LOE mis} mysbede v. imp.sg. abuse, speak harshly to VI 45, A VII 44, C VIII 42. [OE misbeodari] mysbeleue v. hold false or mistaken religious beliefs A XI 71. [ME] mysbileue n. false religion XV 397, C XVII 273; false doctrine C XVIII 150; mistaken doctrine C Pr 102; idol worship CIII 328. [ME] myschaunce see MESCHAUNCE. myscheued v. pa.t. pi. came to grief XII 117. [AF meschever] mysdede n. sin X 376, A XI 257; pi. I 162, A I 142, C I 164; besetting sin V 72, A V 55; transgression, offence IV 90, A IV 77; pi. Ill 43, A III 42, C III 45. [OEmisdted] mysdo v. 1. sin, do wrong III 123, A III 112, C III 160; pr.t.pl. XV 109; pa.t.3sg. C XX 389; pp. XVIII 341, C IV 86. 2. pr.t.3sg. injures XV 257; pa.t. 3sg. IV 99, A IV 86. [OEmisdon] mysdoers n. malefactors, criminals III 247, 297, A III 226. [ME] myseise, mysese, meseyse n. distress, hardship, deprivation I 24, IX 78, XIII 159, A I 24, C XV 158. [AF miseise]

tamely C XVII 30. [OE mildelice] myldenesse n. 1. submission to God's will XV 174. 2. loving kindness XV 258. [OE mildness] myle n. the measure of distance, mile V 372, A XI 119; uninfl.pl. V401, C XIX 74; be lengbe of a ~ the time it takes to walk a mile XV 187, C XIII 39. [OE mil] mylion(y)s n. millions A III 249. [AF milion] mylk see MELK. mylkedpp. milked C XVII 10. [OE mildan] millere, mullere n. miller II 112, A II 76, C II 116. [ME] mynchons n. pi. nuns A X 136. [OE mynecenu] mynde, muynde n. 1. the seat of consciousness, mind XVI 38; intelligence, capacity for thought C XVII 154; capacity for understanding and reasonable decision C XVI 182; awareness XVII 314, C XIX 294; attention, thought XI 50, XIII 397, A XI 216, C VI 284. 2. reflection XV 295. 3. way of thinking XVI 58; haue in ~/in ~ haueb remember VI 94, XV 147, A VII 86; be mindful of V 281, C XII 90; direct his thoughts to XI 264, CXII 150; makeb~of refers to IX 125, C XV 306. [OE gemynd, LOE *mynd\ mynystre n. administrator of a religious order C V 9 1 ; royal official XIV 290, C XVI 125; pi. servants C V 60; men dedicated to the service of God XV 419. [AF ministre] mynistren v. 1. be serviceable XVII 145, C XIX 119; trans, pa.t.pl. served, assisted C XVIII 96. 2. pr.t.pl. administrate, have disposal of XII 52. [AF ministrer] mynnen pr.t.pl. remember XV 462, C XIX 233; ~ on give thought to XII 4. [cp. OI minna] mynne adj. comp. as n. in phr. more ne ~ precisely this, no more, no less (than) C III 396. [cp. OI minni] mynours n. miners Pr222, A P r l O l . [AF minour] mynstral(l) n. 1. fig. servant, servitor XIII 221, C XV 193. 2. pi. musicians Pr 33, III 220, A III 207, C XI 33; entertainers II 230, III 133, XIII 442, A II 189, C IX 128; goddes ~ XIII 439, C 139

myseise - moneie

Glossary

myseise adj. poor, in distressed circumstances C IX 30; as coll. n. the poor, those in distress VII 26, A VIII 28. [AF miseise\ myself pron. as nom., emph. Ill 5, V 549, A III 39, C II 186; as unsupported subj. VI 255, C VIII 267; as disjunctive pron. II 23, 179, A VII 29, C VI 37, XIX 93; as refl. obj. of prep. IV 71, VIII 70, A IV 57, C VI 36, X 68; as refl. obj. ofv. II 31, CVI74, XV 68. [ME] mysfare v. go on to perdition C X 162; pa.t.pl erred, went wrong III 344. [OE misfaran] mysfeet n. sin XI 375; pi XX/XXII 307. [AF mesfait] myshap n. accident C V 34; pi. misfortunes C XII 202. [ME] myshappe v. be unlucky C XI 185; be defeated III 329, C III 482; pa.t.Bsg. met w. misfortune X 288. [ME] mysliked v. pa.t.Ssg. was displeased C XVI 314. [OE mislician] mysproud adj. intellectually arrogant XIII 435, C VII 95. [ME] mysrulef) v. pr.t.Ssg. abuses, impairs IX 61. [ME] mysseyd, myssaide v. pa.t.3sg. reproached, castigated XVI 127, C XX 350; pp. criticized, spoken ill of V 68, A V 51, C VI 9. [ME] myssep v. 1. pr.t.Bsg. lacks XII 99, C XIV 44. 2. pr.subj.pl. may be rid of, without Pr 192. [OE missan] mysshapen pp. as coll. n. deformed persons VII 96, A VIII 78, C IX 172. [ME] myssyng ger. lack A XII 73, C X 202. mysspende v. waste, squander, misspend C X 186; pr.t.pl XV 76, C XVI 235; pp. CV93; pr.t.Ssg. abuses CX175. [ME] mysstande|) v. pr.t.Ssg. is amiss, needs correction XI 381, C XIII 198. [ME] myst n. mist, fog Pr 215, A Pr 88, C Pr 165; vapour XVII 232, C XIX 198. [OE mist] mystier, mistilokere adj. comp. more impenetrable X 186, A XI 138, C XI 127. [MEfr. n.] mysturnynge ger. taking the wrong turning C VII 308. myswonne v. pa.t.pl. acquired dishonestly XIII 42, CXV47. [ME] myte n. Flemish coin of small value, mite C XIII 97; pi. XIII 196; sg. in phr. a ~

at all VII 51, A VIII 53, C IX 275. [MDu] mitigacio(u)n n. the grace of leniency V 469, AV243, C VI 323. [AF] mytrede pp. invested w. the mitre C IV 193. [cp. AF mitre n.] mywen v. stack new-mown hay into haycocks C V 14. [cp. OE muga n.] myx«. filth XIV 23. [OEmix] mnam n. a biblical money denomination, a small sum VI 239, A VII225. [L mna] mo, ma n. a larger number, more, more in addition Pr 147, II 237, III 1, V 293, A II196, C Pr 168, II 7, VI 348. [OE md] mo adj. of number more I 116, V 243, A VII 257, C XIX 37; additional, further XVII 285, A XI 131, C XII 172; -opere II 112, IV 10, A II 76, C IV 10. [OE md] mo adv. longer C IV 3; other XIV 331. [OE md] moder, modir n. 1. mother II 50, XIV 265, A VIII 180, C VI 15; fig. XVI 197, C II 125, XVIII 206. 2. origin, generative source XIV 301, C XVI 137. [OE modor] mody adj. as n. the arrogant person IX 208, A X 217. [OE modiglice] modiliche adv. angrily IV 173, C IV 167. [OE modiglice] moebles see MEBLE; moeuen see MEUEN. moysesw. Moses 1151, A III 243, C III 457. moiste adj. Jig. succulent, juicy XVI 68, C XVIII 85. [AF] moiste v. quench ... thirst XVIII 368, C XX 410. [AF muster/moister] molde «.(!) the world, earth Pr 67, III 292, All 148, III 69, C IX 173; produce of the earth C VIII 17. [OE molde] molde «.(2) model, design XI 350, C XIII 161. [AF] moled pp. spotted XIII 274. [ME fr. n.] moles n. pi. spots, stains XIII 314. [OE mdl] mom, mum n. mumble Pr 216, A Pr 89, CPrl66. [?] monen. 1. complaint VI 123, C VIII 130. 2. petition, prayer XV 506, C XVII 257; maken ~ pray for forgiveness of sin XV 26, C XVI186. [fr. OE mdnan v.] moneie, monee, mone n. 1. money, cash VI 224, A VII 210, C III 424; currency I 44, XV 350, A I 42, C XVII 75; 140

moneie - moot

Glossary wealth VIII 90, XVII 269, A IX 81, C II 173, XIII 98; funds XIII 393, C VI 280. 2. wage VI 198, A VII 185, C IX 271; reward XIII 229, C XV 203. 3. payment of money C III 264; cash transactions XIX/XXI349; income, takings Pr 63, A Pr60, C P r 6 1 . 4. a fee III 253, A III 232; a bribe, financial inducement Pr 216, III 271, XV 241, A Pr 89, C Pr 166. [AF] moneye see MANY. moneilees, money(e)les adj. penniless, destitute VII 147, A VIII 129, C IX 110. [fr. prec.] monyal(e)s n. pi. nuns X 324, C V 76. [ML] monk n. member of a monastic order V 452, A X 113, C VII 66; pi. Ill 133, A X 136, C III 170; of the desert fathers XV 274. [OEmunuc] monbe n. month III 145, A III 134, C V 50; pi. V 156, C VI 131. [OE monap] mood, moed n. 1. disposition, frame of mind X 269, XIII 191, C XIII 179. 2. wrath, anger C XVIII 117. [OE mod] moone, mone n. moon III 327, VII 165, C IX 108, XVII 92; lunar phase C IX 110; vnder ~ sublunary, perishable XVII 94; on bothe half the ~ constant, unremitting C VIII 349. [OEmona] moore, more n. 1. a larger quantity/amount, more still/in addition, w. neg. any more Pr231, 1193, IV 39, A IV 92, V 9, VII 135, C I 1 2 3 , III 219, IV 97; wibouten ~ by that sole means X 357; without other agency XVII 235, C XIX 201; lasse ober ~ however much XIV 330; may/mi3te na ~ is/were incapable XIII 87, 351, CVI185, XV 94. 2. coll.pl. as n. persons of rank, standing C II 50; be ~ II 46, A II 28, C XV 199; lasse ne ~ of whatever rank VIII 7, A IX 7, C X 7. [OE mare] moore, more, mor adj. comp. 1. larger XVI 133, XIX/XXI 124; greater V 447, XV 567, XIX/XXI 24(1), A V 219, C XVII 232. 2. more (in amount) 1183, V 38, VII 196, A IV 96, C VI 159, XI 47. 3. more (in addition) VIII 113, X 225, A IX 103, C XI 134; be ~ exceptionally abundant V 629, X 457, A VI 114, C VII 282; na ~ to no greater compared w. V283. [OEmdra] moore, more, mare adv. 1. more (in num-

ber, amount) V215, XI 47, A XI 119, C VI 263; to a greater extent, more Pr 52, III 185, A III 172, CIII 231, IV 193, VI 284; rather II 76, X 397, A XI 32, 216, C X 169, XI 13; more readily XV 109, C XVI 263; more particularly XI 351, XIII 438, C VII 98; emph. neg. na ~ XII 100, XVI 217, C XIV 52, XIX 190. 2. more (in addition) VII 111, A VII 38, C XII 239, XIII 76. 3. further, longer C III 139; as corr. in comp. be~be X 186, A XI 138, C XI 127; int. comp. adj. C XVIII 87; adv. XI 161, XV 199. [fr. adj.] moores, mores n. wastelands, moors XI 354, C XIII 167. [OE mor] moorne, mourne v. 1. repent XIII 191; pr.t.Bsg. XIII 410, C VII 70. 2. pa.t.lsg. was anxious XIII 385, C VI 274; 3sg. Ill 170, A III 157, CIII 216; imp.sg. Ill 16, A III 16, CIII 17. 3. pa.t.lsg. was morose, gloomy XIII 60, C XV 64; 3sg. was downcast IV 165, C IV 160; prp. as adj. melancholy XI 339, C XIII 147. [OE murnari] mo(o)st, nicest adj. superl.: most of number, quantity, proportion I 7, IV 159, 181, X29(2), 94, A I 7, C Pr 146, III 472, XI 25; of gravity, intensity, extent Pr 67, III 80, V 492, A Pr 64, III 69, C XI 230, XIV 108, XVII 63; of status main IX 57, dominant A X 54; as n. the largest amount VIII 55(1), C XI 284. [OEmest] moost adv. ofdeg. most w. adj. Pr 103, 158, 1151, VIII 55(2), A X 32, C I 147, IX 68; w. adv. VIII 14, C XII 223, XVI 340; w. v. V 101, XI 232, 369, XJX/ XXI 418, A V 8 1 , C I I 3 8 , XI 25. [fr. adj.] moot, mot(e), moet n. fig. moat V 586, XIX/XXI 365, A VI 73, C VII 233. [AF mote] moot, mote(n), most(e) v. 1. of circumstantial necessity must pr.t.lsg. V 386, XIII 260, C VII 292; pr.t.Bsg. IX 38, XI 276, XII 186, C XIII 37, 49, XVI 70; w. fut. sense pr.t.lsg. shall/will have to VI 289, A VII 273; 3sg. XI 400, CXII 170; pi. I 138, XIV 277, A I 127, C VIII 312; pa.subj.pl. C XIII 34; w. impl. v. pr.t.lsg. V411. 2. of obligation must pr.t.3sg. IX 15, XVI 200, XIX/XXI 67, C XI 297; pi. V 561, IX 141

moot - muche(l)

Glossary mot] mote v. bring charges at law I 176, A I 150, C I 1 7 2 ; litigate IV 135, AIV118; pr.subj.sg. go to law III 160, A III 149, C III 198. [OE motian] mope n. moth XIV 23, C XII 217. [OE mofye] mopeeten pp. motheaten X 366. [ME] motyef, motyues, motifs, n. topic for academic disputation C XV 129; pi. arguments, propositions X 117, A XI 70, C XVI 232. [AF motif] motyng ger. pleading in court VII 59, A VIII 60, C IV 132. moton, motoun, mutoun n. gold coin, florin (46 pence) III 24, A III 23, C III 25. [AF] mount, mont n. mountain XI 170, C XIX 2. [AF munt] mountaigne, mounteyne n. mountain I 1, XI 324, A l l , C I 1; eminence A II 40. [AF montaine] mounteth pr.t.Ssg. in phr. ~ vp is coming to a head C Pr 65; prp. Pr 67, A Pr 64. [AF mounter] mo(u)rnyng(e) ger. melancholy, repining XIX/XXI 293, C XVII 147; remorse XIV 238; poor morale III 198, A III 185; anxieties, concern C XII 204. mous n. mouse Pr 182, C Pr 210; pi. Pr 147, C Pr 216. [OE mus, mys] moustre, muster, mostre n. display XIII 361, C VI 260; advertisement of goods CIII 110. [AF] moupn. mouth Pr216, V 179, A III 240, XI 57, C VI 180, XI 29; pi. beaks VIII 67, C X 66; fig. language A XI 306, C III 396; speech XV 217, 257, A IX 71, C V I 7 3 ; words V 366, XVII 278, A I 144, C XII 71; of cristes ~ by words of Christ X 449, A XI 294, C XI 274; shrift of ~ oral confession XIV 89, C XVI 30. [OEmufi moupen v. speak, utter IV 115, A IV 106, C IV 110; pr.t.Ssg. VI 238, A VII 222; pa.t.Ssg. XVIII 150, C XX 153; pp. in phr. murye ~ C IX 126. [ME fr. n.] mowen v. cut grass w. a scythe, mow C V 14. [OE mdwan] mowynge ger. mowing VI 189, C VIII 186. muche(l), moche(I), mechel, mekil adj. 1. a large amount of, much Pr 182, III 335, A X 147, C Pr 99, 199, III 450;

111, XIX/XXI319, A VI 48, C VII 206, XIII 68; pa.subj.sg. VII 107, XIII 178, C IX 281, XVII 243. 3. of inner compulsion pr.t.lsg. V 152, VII 107, A VIII 89, C VI 127; 3sg. C V 28. 4. of certain outcome XVIII 203, C XX 209. 5. of necessity pa.t.Bsg. would need to XVI 92, C XVIII 125; pr.t.Bsg. ~ herto/ perto is needed for this/that IX 37, XV 562, C XVII 225. 6. of permission pa.t. 3sg. XV 399; pa.subj.sg. IV 112, A IV 99, XII 39, C XVI 163; pi. V512, A V 254, C VII 157. 8. optative pr.subj. in blessing w. pers. v. XIX/XXI 178; pi. XIX/XXI 179 ; w. impers. v. AV 42; in curse X 135, XIII 147, A XI 88, C II 120; in adjuration pa.subj. VII 21, A VIII 23, C IX 25. [OE mot, most} moothalle, mothalle, moethalle n. council chamber IV 152, A IV 135, C IV 163. [ME] morales n. the Moralium Libri X 299, A XI 205. more/i. root XV 98, C XVI 251; pi. XV 294, C XVII 21; fig. XVI 5, 58 C XVIII 23; pi. XIX/XXI 338. [OE more] moreouer adv. what is more, furthermore C V 5 3 , XVIII 224. [ME] morreyne n. plague, pestilence C III 97. [AF marine] morsel n. mouthful, bit of food XIII 108. [AF] mortel adj. to the death in phr. ~ batayles warfare C XVII 288. [CF] morter «.(!) mortar, bowl for pulverizing by synec. punishment XIII 44, C XV 49. [AF] morter «.(2) builders' mortar, cement VI 142; fig. XIX/XXI 324. [AF mortier] mortrews, mortrewes n. dish of pounded or minced meat in rich sauce XIII 41, C XV 66. [AF mortereux] morwe(n), morewe(n) n. morning V 317, A VII 172, C IX 244; on fee ~ next day V 397, A VII 135, C X 268. [OE morgen] morwenyng, mornyng n. morning Pr 5, A Pr5, CPr6; dawn XIII 261. [ME] moskeles n. mussels C IX 94. [OE muscle] mosse, moes n. moss XV 287, C XVII 14. [OE mos] mossep v. pr.t.Ssg. becomes mossy A X 104. [MEfr. n.] mote n. speck, particle of dust X 269. [OE 142

muche(l) - Nabugodonosor

Glossary

murye, merye adv. joyously XVIII 179, C XX 182; ~ mouped friendly, gracious C IX 126; sweyed so ~ was so musical Pr 10, A Pr 10; slepte ~ was edified in sleep C XIII 215. [OEmyrige] murpe, myrpe, merpe n. 1. enjoyment, pleasure XIV 125, 158, XVIII 219, C XVI 10, 12; pi. occasions of delight, delights XI 20, C XI 179. 2. entertainment X 49, A XI 35, C VII 77; music III 220, C III 276; birdsong VIII 67, C X 66; pi. musical performances Pr 33, A P r 3 3 , III 207, C Pr 35; festivity III 11, X 53, A III 11, C III 12. 3. spiritual joy XII 297, C XII 204, XVII 147; joyful encouragement XII 15; eternal bliss XVIII 127, A XII 92, C XX 130; make}) ~ perwib feasts on XV 139; made hym ~ wib was enjoying XIII 60, C XV 64; made hym ~ cheered him up, encouraged him A III 185. [OE myrty, myrig])} murbe(n) v. console, comfort XI 400; cheer up, hearten XVII 244, C XIX 210. [ME fr. n.] murpere, morpere v. kill, murder IV 55, A V 84, C IV 58; pr.t.3sg. XVII 283, C XIX 264; pp. C XII 242; imp.sg. put to death A III 249. [OE myrlprian, AF murthrir] muse v. pr.t.lsg. inphr. ~ perlnne/peron study the subject X 186, A XI 138, C XI 127; pa.t.pl. ~ peron to knowe studied to understand them C XIV 14;pr.t.3 pi. ~ on take seriously, become preoccupied w. X118, A XI 71; pa.t.Bsg. was curious C XIII 226; pa.t.lsg. pondered, brooded C XV 24; imp.sg. C XVIII 198; prp. VII 148, A VIII 130, C IX 297. [AF muser] m u s i k / / music X 44, 177, A XI 32, C XI 117. [Wmusike] musons n. measures X 177, A XI 129, C XI 117. [AF muison] must, most n. new wine, must XVIII 370, C XX 412. [AF] mute adj. as coll. n. the mute, the dumb

abundant V 469, A V 2 4 3 , C VI 333. 2. many V 622, XX 290, A V I 108, C VIII 347. 3. of prodigies etc. great IX 153, A IV 136, C XII 204. 4. tall VIII 70, A IX 61, C X 68; deep XIX/XXI 365; large XVI 133, C XX 43. 5. grievous XI 33, XIII 262, C I X 7 7 , 84; as n. 1. much Pr 202, III 145, XI 412, A VII 242, C X I 211; a great deal XIV 211, XX/XXII 133, C XVI 274. 2. magnitude, size XVI 182. 3. inphr. by so ~ to that extent III 353, C VII 141; in as ~ as to the extent that VII 15, C XIX 206. [OE micel] muche, moche, mekel adv. a great deal, much IV 176, VIII 85, X 67, A V 9, C XIV 67, XVI 102; intensely, fiercely I 35, A I 33, C I 33; so ~ to such a degree, so very XVII 350. [cp. adj.] muk, mok n. barnyard manure VI 142 by synec. landed property C X 97. [OE *moc] mule, muyle n. mule XVII 51, C XIX 49. [OE mul] mulerie, moylere n. legitimate offspring XVI 219, C XVIII 220. [fr. fol.] muliere, mulliere, mulere, moilere, moylore, moyloure adj. legitimate, born in wedlock II 119, XVI 221, A II 83, 119, CX210, XVIII234. [AF] mullestones n. millstones C XX 293. [OE mylenstdn] multiplied v. 1. pr.t.Bsg. populates XVI 211; propagates C XVIII 85; intr. C XVIII 224. 2. pr.t.pl. multiply VI 328; pr.subj.sg. increase VI 126, A VII 118, CVIII 132. [AF multiplier] munde n. man's nickname II 112, A II 76, C I I 116. muracles see MIRACLE. murye, mury, merye, mery adj. 1. cheerful XIV 237, C XV 197; happy III 198, A VIII 42, CIX41; amused, laughing Pr 209, C Pr 220. 2. encouraging, heartening II 154, A II 118, C II 170; reassuring XII 189, C XIV 128. 3. edifying XIII 58, C IX 136; comic XIII 351, C VI 185; agreeable, pleasant C XIV 180; comp. be ~ hem poi^te their bliss seemed the greater I 107, A I 105; superl. most friendly, most gracious XV 217, C XVI 343; make hym/vs ~ myd/wip enjoy (sthing) VI 67, A VII 61, CVIII 155. [OEmyrige]

XVI 111. [AFmuet]

N na see NO. Nabugodonosor, Nabugodonasor n. Nebuchadnezzar King of Babylon (4

143

Nabugodonosor - nedeb

Glossary

Kings 25) VII 159, A VIII 137, C IX 307. nacion n. race, nation C XVIII 101. [AF] nadde v. pa.t.Ssg. had not XIV 96. [OE nefde\ 1133! see NO3T. nay adv. no III 175, 230, A IV 91, VI 22, C XVI 179, XIX 7; negatively, to the contrary A VIII134. [cp. OI nei\ nailed v. pa.t. pi. nailed XVIII 51, C XX 51. [OE rueglian] nailes n. pi. 1. fingernails III 191, XX/XXII 226, A VII 55, C VI 140. 2. nails XVIII 51, C XX 51. [OE ruegt] naked adj. naked XII 161, C XIX 58; illclothed, destitute VI 223, A VII 209; as coll. n. VI 15, A VII 14, C XIII 84. [OE nacod] nale see ALE. namen. 1. name III 3, VIII 72, A III 48, 1X63, C I 4 , II 17; pi. Ill 31, A III 30, C III 34; designation Pr 107, XI 207, XV 26, A V 140, C III 402, XVI 188; title XV 495, 528, C III 114, XVII 278; pi. XV 41, 510, C XVI 207. 2. reputation V 259, XIII 289, C VI 26. 3. w. hieratic force in adjuration on pe hei3e ~ I 73, A I 71, C I 70. [OE nama] namely, namliche adv. especially, in particular II 146, V 259, 571, A VI 58, C V I 9 6 ; specifically XIV 240, C XVII 292; that is to say XX/XXII 196. [ME.] For VI 53, VII 90, A VII 48, VIII 168 see MANLICHE. nappe v. fall asleep V 386, C VII 2. [OE hnappian] naroos see ARISE. narwe adv. closely XIII 370. [OE nearu] nas see BEN; nat, nau3t see NO3T. nauhte adj. worthless, base C XVII 75. [OE ndht] nauele«. navel XIV 243, C XVI 83. [OE nafela] Na3areth, Nasareth n. Nazareth XV 494, XIX/XXI 137. neadv. not Pr 177, 210, II 142, All 106, V 6, C I 149, XIV 155; in emph. double neg. Ill 323, VI 180, 1X192, A V 1 0 1 , 143, C I 154, 179(1), III 85; w. advers. force that ... ne but rather III 33, V 152, 451, A III 32, VI 39, C III 36, VI 284, XI 183. [OE] ne conj. in neg. contexts or, nor Pr 130, 179, 137, A III 50, VI 116, VIII 55, C

Pr 196, III 204, 476; w. various corr. nor: e.g. ~ ... neiper VIII 121; ~ neiper . . . ~ XIV 172, CVI90; neiper...- Ill 315; neiper ... ~ ... ~ XV 256, C III 294; neuere ... ~ Pr 203, A I 101; neuere no ... ~ A III 174; ~ ... no3t ~ ... ~ XV 165; nat ... ne ... neiper V 184; none ... ne ... 110113! A VII47. [OE] necessaries n. necessities of life XX/XXII 249. [AF necessaire] neddres n. gen. adder's V 86. [OE n<eddre] See ADDRE. nede n. 1. force of circumstance, need V 254, XI 432(2) A VI 57, C IX 316; pers. X 343, XI 432(1), XX/XXII 9, 46(1), C XIII 239; (occasion of) necessity XIII 401, C VI 428; nan/hap/ haue/hadde ~ need(ed) (to do sthing) XVI 67, XX/XXII 318. 2. pi requirements, needs XX/XXII 55; sg. in expr. at ~ as required 118, A I 18, C I 52; when need arose V 27, A V 27, C V 129; in bad times VI 119, A VII 111, C X 189; when you need her most XI 29, C X I 188; time of peril III 245, XVIII 399, C XX 442. 3. lack of means, destitution VI 254, VIII 87, XX/XXII 37(1), A VII 228, C IX 67; pers. XX/XXII 4, 10; hap/haue ~ is/are destitute VII 67, A VIII 69, C I X 6 3 ; withoute ~ in comfort C XVI 20. [OE ned, neod] nede adv. necessarily, of necessity III 226, XX/XXII 46(2), A III 213, C XIII 37. [OE nede] nedeful, nedful, nedfol, neodefole, nidefole, niedfole adj. necessary, needful I 21, XI 78, XIX/XXI 20, A I 21; needy, in distress C IV 121, XIX 241, C IV 121; as n. people in distressed circumstances C XIII 77. [fr. n.] nedes adv. of necessity, necessarily XVIII 399, XX/XXII 37, C XI 231, XII 215. [fr. nede adv.] nedep v. 1. pr.t. sg. (sthing) is necessary, is needed XI 210, XV 576, C IX 164; pa.t.sg. XVII 33, C XIX 34; w. dat. of ref. pr.t. VI 209, IX 88, A XI 50, 190, C V20, VIII 148; pa.t. XV 160, C XVII 18. 2. trans, pr.t.3sg. needs, has need of, requires XVII 165; pi C IX 57; pa.t.Ssg. XV 291; pi. XV 222, C XVI 347, XIX 235. 3. intr. pr.t.Ssg. is needy, in distress C XVIII 13; pi CIX71, XII

144

Glossary

nedep - newe

ne ~ ... ne V 125, C VI 90; ne ~ ... ne ... ne XIII 161, C XV 163; ~ ... ne ... ne ... ne ... ne XII 203-04, C XIV 142; between verbs ~ ne C I 176. [as adv.] nekke n. neck Pr 178, C P r l l 4 ; pi. Pr 161, C Pr 180; ~ hangyng head thrust forward V 136. [OE hnecca] nel, nelle, neltow see WILLEN. nempne, nemne, nemnie v. 1. specify, name I 21, A I 21, C I 21; pa.t.3sg. XX/XXII 256; pp. XX/XXII 261; pa.t.3sg. put up V 320, A V 169, C VI 377; pp. designated XVI 203. 2. pr.t. pi. call, name VII 159, A VIII 137; pp. II 179, 1X55, A XI 107; pr.t.pl. call (by some designation) XV 140; pa.t.Bsg. XIX/XXI 137; pp. IX 112, A X 135. 3. pa.t.pl. nominated V 330, A V 179, C VI 388. 4. pa.t.Bsg. called, addressed XI 322. 5. pa.t.3sg. ~ to name gave names to XV 38, C XVI 200. 6. utter, pronounce XVI 19, XIX/XXI 20. [OE nemnan] nempnynge ger. conferment, assigning IX 81. [fr. v.] neptalym n. Nephtali in Palestine (Is. 9.12) XV 494, C XVII 261. ner adj. comp. nearer A XI 258. [OE near] nere see BEN, NEUERE. nerhande adv. almost, nearly XIII 1, C X V I . [ME] nese n. niece, kinswoman C V 176. [AF nece] nest(e) «. nest XI 349, C XIII 159, 160; pi. XI 345, C XIII 156. [OE] neste see WITEN. neuelynge, niuilynge prp. in phr. - w. be nose grimacing V 136, C VI 104. [cp. OE knifol] neuere, nere adv. 1. at no time, never Pr 188, 1103, A II 116, 158, C I 152, II 28. 2. emph. neg. ever, never in any way, by any means, not at all Pr 12, IV 93, V289, 1X81, A IV 80, X 89, 96, C III 256, 297, IV 89; emph. w. v. in subj. and adv. ~ so however, no matter how, III 270, VIII 32, A IX 28, C III 423, XVI 170. [OE ruefre] never(e)moore adv. emph. never again, henceforward XI 103, XIV 71, C III 321, XVI 78. [ME] new adj. new V l l l , XVII 33, A V 9 1 , CXV1II264; newly threshed VI 299, A

117; impers. hym ~ he has need X 64. [fr. n.] nedy, ne(e)de adj. in need, in want VI 223, VII 48, A XI 244, C VIII 288, IX 47, 176; hard up XIV 134; superl. VII 71; so- in such straits XX/XXII 50; without belongings XX/XXII 49; free of possessions XX/XXII 38; as coll. n. the poor, the destitute VI 15, VII 68, XX/XXII 37(2), A VIII 70, C IX 64. [fr. n.] nedle n. needle I 157, C XIV 105. [OE nedl] nedlere, nedlare n. pedlar of needles V 310, A V 161, C VI 365. [fr. n.] neer, ner(e) adv. nearly VI 178, A VII 163; almost C IX 265, XVIII 178; comp. nearer XX/XXII 232, C XIX 64. [OE near] neer, ner prep, near to VI 299, XVI 69, XVIII 172, A VII 283; comp. XVI 69. [fr. prec.] neet n. ox XIX/XXI 266. [OE neat] neghen v. go near XVII 61; pa.t.Ssg. approached, came XX/XXII 232; impers. pa.t.Ssg. ~ neer/nei3 drew on to, approached VI 299, XX/XXII 4, A VII 283, C VIII 321. [OE cp. neh, neah adj.] ne3ebore, nei3ebour n. neighbour V 93, XIII 363, A V 7 3 , C VI 269, XVI 131; pi V257, C V I 9 8 ; fellow Christian C XV 112; pi. V 564, A VI 51, C IX 71; fig. XVI 42. [OE neahgebur] mi') adj. 1. near V 93, A V 7 3 ; close XII 93; intimate XIV 273. 2. imminent, instant XI 213. [OEneah] nei3, neyh, ny adv. nearly, almost III 145, XVI 29, A III 134, C III 183; wel ~ XIV 114, C XV 290. [OE neah] nei3, neyh, ney prep, near XX/XXII 4, C VIII 296, XX 290. [OE neah] neyhele v. approach C XIX 60. [ME fr. neighen] neiber, nober pron. neither (of two) XI 315, C XIII 127; hir ~ neither of them IV 33, C X 272; of neither C III 366. [OE ndwper and cp. eegfrer] neiber, noyther(e), nother adv. either, nor moreover V 184, VIII 121, A IX 111, C X 117, 186, XI 44. [as prec.] neiber, noyther, nober conj. in neg. contexts or C X 187, XVI 292; as corr. neither: e.g. ~ ... ne IV 130, A III 58, C Pr36; ~ ... ne ... ne V 416, C III 468;

145

newe - nombre

Glossary

VII 283, C VIII 321; afresh, renewed C XIII 20; recently trained, modern XV 373; fig. newly established XVII 75, C XIX 74; -feire a game of forfeit V 320, AV169, C VI 377; as n. XIX/XXI273. [OE neowe] newe adv. newly II 164, A II 128; anew XVI 132, C V 179, XX 42; at once, immediately V 474, A V 248, C VI 328. [fr. adj.] nexte, nexst adj. 1. nearest V 564, XIII 372, A VI 51, C VI 269, VII 211. 2. next (in sequence) XIII 154. [OE nehst] next adv. next time A VII 155. [fr. adj.] next prep. fig. immediately beside XX/XXII 35; most intimate w., closest to I 204, XVII 291, C XVIII 97, XIX 272. [fr. prec.] nyce, nise adj. wanton XVI 33, C XVIII 37. [AF nice] nygardrc. miser XV 140, C XIX 241. [cp. OSc *hniggw] nyghtcomeris, nyhtecomares adj. nocturnal grave-robbers XIX/XXI 144. [ME] nigromancie n. sorcery, black magic X 218, A XI 161. [AF] ny3t, nyht n. night, nighttime Pr 197, XVI 166, C IV 47, XVIII 178; pi. XX/XXII 196, C IX 78; darkness XVIII 208, C XX 215; in phr. ~ olde leftover, cooked the day before VI 308, A VII 292, C VIII 330. [LOEniht] nymen v. 1. take XX/XXII 20; pa.subj. 2sg. XX/XXII 9; pick XVI 68, C XVIII 84. 2. receive XI 291, C XIII 105; imp.sg. accept VI 42, A VII 41, C VIII 40. 3. get possession of XV 160, C XVI 294; pr.subj.sg. C III 392; dishonestly encroach on XIII 372, C VI 269; pr.t.pl. acquire in bribery C II 142. 4. pp. taken away, removed XI 213. 5. ~ into admit to C III 403; ~ in give shelter to X 61, A XI 47; pr.t.Ssg.fig. ~ v p picks up XI 432, C XIII 239. 6. pp. overpowered XX/XXII 46; made captive XVI 161. 7. ~ hede pay attention XI 322; pr.t.Ssg. takes note XV 373, C XVII 109; pr.subj.pl. C IX 71; imp.pl. VI 15, A VII 14, C XI 244. [OE niman] nyne num.adj. nine 1121, C XIX 60. [OE nigon] nynyue, nyneue n. Niniveh XV 494, C XVII 189, 261.

nynj)e, nythe num. adj. ninth XIV 316, C XVI 150. [OEnigojw] nyppe, nype n. forbidding mountainous region XVIII 164, C XX 167. [OE *hnipa] nyppynge prp. biting C VI 104. [MDu niperi] nyste see WTTEN. nithynge n. contemptible miser C XIX 241. [LOEnifing] no,nnadj. no, not any Pr 197, 19, A I 87, 132, C I 8 5 , 116; in double neg. any Pr 30, III 16, A III 174, 271, C III 17, 214. [OE nd, no] no, naadv. no 1209, II 202, V 283, A III 98, IX 66, C II 216, III 492. [OE nd, no adv.] noble n. gold coin worth one third of a pound sterling III 45, V 247, A III 44, C XVII 200; pi. X 295, C III 392. [AF] noble adj. notable, illustrious XIX/XXI 50. [AF] noe«. Noah IX 134, AX 165, C X 178. no3t, 00031, nau3t\, nauht(e) n. nothingness V481, XI 300, XIV 96, A X 142, C II 142, III 201. [OE ndwiht, ndht, ndwiht, noht] nojt, nou3t, nau3t, nat pron. nothing VI 151, 223, VII 91, AV234, VII 229, C Pr 214, XI 28; after neg. anything IV 54, XII 165, A XI 258, C IV 57; w. v. of evaluation IV 37, XVII 36, XX/XXII 155, C VIII 159, IX 303; at ~ C IX 304; ri3t ~ nothing whatever VI 148, C XVII 42; feblere ban ~ worthless I 186, A I 160, CI182. [as prec.] 1103!, nou3t, na3t, nau3t, not, nat adv. not Pr29, 38, 138, V 430, APr29, 125, C Pr31, 77, V82. [as prec.] noy, noye«. distress, suffering X61, A XI 47. [AF nui, nouy] noyen, nuye v. harm, distress V 574, A VI 61, C VII 221; pp. II 20, A V 73, C II 19; pa.subj.sg. made trouble for III 281, A III 259, C III 434; pp. was no3t ~ came to no harm III 189; pr.t.pl. afflict II 127, A II 91. [AFnoyer] noise n. loud sound, noise XVI 77, C XVIII 109; clamour and commotion C XVIII 178. [AF] nok n. oak in phr. atte/at be ~ V 199, A V 115. [OE dc, EME atte ~ for at pen ac] nombre v. count I 116; pa.t.Ssg. fixed

146

nombre - o

Glossary

noumbre, nombre n. 1. number (by count) XX/XXII 265; company, number C III 403. 2. grammatical number C III 337, 395; fig. X 245, C III 347, 358. 3. natural proportion, harmony XX/XXII 255, 270; out of ~ disproportionately XX/XXII 269, C XIII 6. 4. muster roll XX/XXII 259. [AF] noumbrede see NOMBRE v. nounpere, noumper(e) n. umpire, arbitrator V 330, A V 179, C VI 388. [AF nounpier, nompere] nounpower, nownpower n. weakness, ineffectually XVII 316, C XIX 296. [AF nounpouer] noupe, nowpe adv. at this time VI 205, XI 364, A VII 191, C VIII 211, XIII 174; just now C II 15; this very moment XVII 299, C VI 171; nowadays X 49, A XI 35, C XVII 108; w. modal emph. now XIII 183, C VIII 298, XIX 246. [OE nu PO\ now n. this present occasion, this moment V 536, A VI 24, C VII 181. [fr. adv.] now, nowe adv. 1. at the present time, this moment, now III 183, V 69, VI 167, A V 52, VII 152, C VI 100, VIII 219; at this point V 135, 296, A III 1, V 146, C VIII 221; nowadays 1X159, X 17, 279, A XI 17, 61, 211, C XI 33, 74; just now, a moment ago XVII 35, XVIII 224, A XI 87, C XIX 36, XX 233. 2. at one time ... at another C V 51. [OE nu] now conj. now that I 208, V 144, VI 83, A I 182, C XII 26; w. modal emph. II 40, V260, VI 117, A VII 156, C II 207, VI 253; intro. imp. or exhortation V 182, VI 212, A VII 261, C VI 164, XVIII 226; invocation or prayer I 209, II 50, A VII 69, XII 110, C VI 61; imprecation II 116, X 135, A II 80, C II 120, 129; a question VII 179, A VIII 157. [as adj.] nowadaies adv. in our time, nowadays X 51, A XI 37, CXI 59. [ME] nowher, nawher adv. nowhere II 220, A II 179, C II 230. [OEndhwzr] nulle see WILLEN.

the number of XX/XXII 256. [AF nombrer] nome see NYMEN. nones «.(!) noon, the noon meal V371, C VI 429; midday, noontime VI 145, C VIII 196. [AF] nones n.(2) in phr. for Jie ~ for the occasion A II 41. [EME ]>en anes] nonne n. nun V 153, C VI 128; pi. VII 29, A VIII 31. [OEnunne] noon, noone, noen, non n. midday, noon V 377, XV 283, A VII 135, C II 103, VIII 274. 2. the midday meal C VIII 288. [OEnon] noon, non(e), noen pron. of living creatures none, no one VI 319, X 61, XI 337, A VII 300, C IV 124, VI 37; as pi. none I 191, X 463, A XI 291, C I 187, XIII 187; hir ~ neither one XII 161, C XIV 105; of objects, concepts etc. II 10, 146, VII 19, A l l 110, XI 231, C III 62; as pi. 121, XV 97, A I 21, C I 21. [OEnan] noon, non, non(e), noen adj. no, not one, not any 1120, 127, III 86, A I 116, III 75, C I 154, III 204; ~ ooper no one else VIII 120, C XIX 200; nothing else I 88, V 294, A VI 122, C VI 127, 298. [OE nan] noot see WITEN. nor conj. nor V 631; or V 421. [ME] norissep, norischeth v. pr.t.Ssg. feeds, nourishes XV 467; fosters, encourages XVI 33, C XII 234. [AF noriss (norir)} normandie n. Normandy III 189, A III 176. north n. the northern region XVIII 164, C 1118. [fr. adj.] north adj. northern C XVIII 66. [OE *nor]p\ northerne adj. of the north, northern C I 115. [OE norperne] northfolk n. the county Norfolk V 236. nose«. nose IV 164, V 136, A IV 140, C VI 104. [OEnosu] notarie n. official recorder XV 32, C XVI 192; pi. scribes authorized to draw up and authenticate legal documents II 127, 143, A II 78, 110, C II 142; gen. sg. XX/XXII 272. [AF] note n. 1. song XVIII 408; pi C X 65; tune, melody XVIII 423, C XX 466; singing voice C XIV 180. 2. pi impressions, perceptions C I 1 1 8 . [AF]

O o, oo num. adj. one II 30, IX 148, XVII 141, A II 69, C XI 152, XVII 126; a single, one single 1101, III 238, 1X114, 147

o - offyn

Glossary

A III 265, VIII 93, CIII 398, 474; one and the same V 591, XI 200, A VI 78, C XIII 34, XVIII 20; only one XVII 39; one particular XIII 68, XX/XXII 245, C XVIII 62; That ~ the first XIX/XXI 86. [OE on num.] o see ON. obedience n. 1. the vows taken by a member of a religious order XII 37, C IX 223; observance of monastic vows XIII 285. 2. moral obligation C IX 221, 236; canonical prescription C IX 242. [AF] obediencer n. authorized subordinate C V 91. [AF] obedient adj. observant of monastic vows C V 147; compliant, obliging A XI 191. [cf. prec.] ocupie v. refl. work, be active XVI 196, C XVIII 205; pp. busy, occupied V 402, C VII 18. [&f occupier} of prep. I . indie, origin or source of, from Pr6, 128, 216, III 222, V 86, APrl07, I 70, II 21, 158, C I 151, II 137, III 146; is ~ proceeds from X 244(2); was ~ derived from XVI 205, C XVIII 217; are ~ me owe origin to me XVIII 329, C XX 372; of action 120, 122, A VII 118, C I 20, II 136. 2. indie, material or substance of Pr 168, II 182, A Pr 84, II 12, C I 150, III 23. 3. indie, concern, applicability about, w. regard/respect to, for Pr 100, 153, 1152(2), 184, III 314, IV 37, A I 9, III 61, IV 137, C I 45, II 27, III 109, VIII 133, X 258; against XX/XXII 299; in the case of XX/XXII 267; to V471, A X 185, C VI 325; ~ pointes in detail XIII 354; ~ hyraself in itself XIV 283; of Pr 3, 16, A I 3, 57, 110, C I 84, III 159, 168; w. noun, marking obj. gen. of Pr61, 220, 127, A Pr26, 114, 67, C Pr 99, 1155, 199; at XI4, CXI 164; to IV 140, A IV 123, C IV 137; marking subj. gen. Ill 191, 194, IV 65, XIV 270(1), A Pr 94, II 78, IV 192, CIII 495, VI 177, VII 97 4. indie, topic of, about Pr38, 111, III 65, A IV 10, VII 46, C Pr 12, I 123, V 5. 5. indie, possession of P r l l 3 , 161, II 153, A III 88, VII 75, CIII 127, 251; indie, affiliation or local connexion Pr 177(2), II 63, III 63, A II 45, 62, III 124, C II 63, 91, III 141; otherwise particularizing 1198, III 66, 201(1), VI 221, VII 178, A Pr 90, 91, II 77, C I 200, III

207, 243, 433. 6. partitive w. words of class, category, quantity, degree of Pr 18, 62, 17, 126, III 40, 327, A II 127, III 1, IV 10 C Pr 80, 125, III 466, XV 284; w. v. some of VI 96, 262, XIII 53(1), A IV 61, VII 246, C VIII 284; any of V 274, VI 148, XI 393, C VI 414; from I 182, A I 156, C I 178. 7. as compl. ofv. about V 114, A V 94; at IV 19, V 407, C VII 22; for I 79, V 446, VI 127, A V218, C VI 16; of VIII 3, XI 316, A I 47(1), C X 3 ; (up)on II 195, III 59, A II 156, CV166; with XI 209, A XII 109; ~ myn assent in agreement IV 187; ~ ... counseil privy w. II 139, A II 103, C XVI 361; w. v. of release or severance of Pr 71, IV 29, 50, XIV 195, A III 43, C I 98, III 95, XVIII 121; from V 3, A V 203, C Pr 217(2); amenden ~ correct V 479, C VII 121; cessen ~ stop VII 122. 8. indie, agency by II 119, 219, III 275, X 332, A XI 294, 298, C V 84, X 173, 307; ~ hymsulue spontaneously C XVII 49; indie, means with III 84, VI 248, XIII 42, A III 73, CX84, 87; by means of I 18, X 390, XIX/XXI 32(2), A I 18, C XII 109; on the grounds of X 348, XIV 260, C XVI 100; on XIV 43(1), C XV 241; through XIV 294, C IX 215, XX 431. 9. indie, physical motion from XVII 67, XVIII 55, C XIX 66. 10. temporal ~ al a/pe wike for a whole week VI 256, A VII 240. 11. in descriptive phr. ~ crafty werk skilfully made Pr 162, C Pr 181; fig. ~ grete vertues highly nutritious XIV 37; ~ age mature XX/XXII 159. [OE of\ of adv. off II 202, V319, XIV 191, A IV 140, CVI13, 149, XVI 122. [as prec.] offendenpr.t. pi. sin against XVII 285, C XIX 266. [AFoffendre] office n. 1. employment VI 197, A VII 184. 2. official position, position of authority A XI 195; pi. Ill 100. 3. daily reading of the Breviary XV 386. [AF] officers, offeceres n. retainers, official servants XX/XXII 258; administrative officers CIV 195. [AF] official n. bishop's chancellor presiding over the consistory court, canon law judge XX/XXII 137; pi. II 174. [AF] offyn n. Ophni (1 Kings 4) X 287, C Pr 107.

148

offrede - one

Glossary

108, A IV 128, VIII 90. 2. of point of rest upon, on 1X141, X 318, XI 248, XVIII 49, A X 172, CXI 111; of object of action on II 198, III 199, IV 22, 122, A V 2 1 5 , VII 173, C P r l 0 6 , III 96, VI 67, 157; at IV 152, V 133, XI 84, A V 8, C VII 57, 302; to V 443(2), XI 70, XVII 335, C VI 111, VII 304; fig. leye ~ belabour XIII 146(1), C XV 146(1); of adjuration on 173, A I 71, C I 70; of imprecation II 116, A II 80, C III 95; do it ~ call to witness I 86, A I 84, C I 82. 3. indie, object of attention or scrutiny at Pr 9, XI 85, 318, A VII 173, C XIII 173; on, upon I 167, II 5, A V 233, VIII 130, C VI 284, 1X318; about VII 173, VIII 118, A IX 108; toward, to C IV 67, 106; penke ~ have in mind, am mindful of V 404, A VIII 151, C XII 52, 91; loke ~ consult C VI 302; regard, take note of XVIII 386, C XX 428; face, confront XVIII 405; biholdest ~ give attention to VII 143, A VIII 125; of direction of attitude on I 70, 171, A V 241, C IV 95. 4. indie, direction: of effect on X 280; of address at XIII 86, XVIII 39, C XI 161; to a topic or subject about II 229, X43, XI 250, A X 116, C IV 31, VI 52; on VI 22; of expenditure or waste on V 373, XIX/XXI 353; through XV 128. 5. pleonastic C III 251; ~ cros wise by crucifixion XIX/XXI 142; wepide ~ tearfully appealed to A IV 60; ~ oure lord on the authority of our Lord A XI 264; on hy in a loud voice A XII 27; in heaven C II 137. [OE on] on adv. on VI 59, A VII 291, C VIII 58, 329; at XIII 294, C X 259, XVIII 54; away VI 184, A VII 172, C VIII 180; in XVII 27, C XIX 228; as defining adju. Ill 85, VII 57, XV 191, XX/XXII 114, A III 74, C III 84, XIII 154. [as prec.] ondynge ger. emulation XIV 56, C XV 255. [OEandung] one, oone post. adv. only, alone XIII 125, XIV 333, C V 5 2 , XVI 215; solely XV 210, XIX/XXI 122, C XVI 374; merely 1X37, XI 299, C XIII 113; uniquely I 172, A I 146, C III 144; myn/here ~ alone VIII 63, A IX 54, C XI 198; separately, by herself C XX 316. [OE ane] one see OON.

offrede v. 1. pa.t.3sg. presented in worship XIX/XXI 87; pi. XIX/XXI 75; pp. XIX/XXI 94. 2. intr.pr.L3sg. makes a contribution C XIII 97; pa.t.pl. XIII 197. [AF offrir} offryng ger. offertory XIX/XXI 4; payment (of a tithe) C VI 300; pi. pious gifts C XVII 43. ofgon v. earn by effort IX 109. [OE ofgdn] ofrau3te v. pa.t.Ssg. carried off by force XVIII 9. [ME ofrcecan] ofsente v. pa.t.Ssg. sent for III 102, A III 91. [OEofiendan] ofte, often adv. many times, on many occasions, often II 20, III 82, IV 156, A II 193, C II 188, III 90, 201; comp. XI 50, XVIII 380, C VI 274; repeatedly XII 10, 172, CVI118, VII 62. [OE oft} ofte adj. frequent, repeated XIII 404. [fr. adv.] ofwalked adj. worn out w. walking C Pr 7. [fr. v.] oillew. oil XVII 72, C XIX 71. [AF] oke see AKEI>. okes«. pi. oak trees V 18, A V 18, C V 120. [OEac] old, oold, oelde adj. 1. old (in years) VI 83, VII 100, A X 187, C VI 193, IX 215; adult, grown up XVIII 8, C XX 7; ~ elde advanced old age XII 8; be ~ the venerable X 249, A XI 72, C XI 285; the patriarch C XIX 109; as coll. n. old folk IX 205, C X 304. 2. not new, old XIX/XXI 273, 426; of the old dispensation XVIII 17, C XX 15; ~ lawe Mosaic Law XI 205, XII 113, C XVII 71, XVIII 221; by ~ tyme in bygone days XII 236. 3. w. contextual sense habitual, besetting C VI 188; experienced C VI 189; long-standing C XVII 232. [OEdld] on, o prep. 1. of position, place on Pr 5(2), 14, 165, APr88, 1126, V I 1 3 , C II 29, 133; fig. VIII 121, A IX 111, CX 117; in Pr 67, 1149, II 207, A I 42, C II 57, XIII 159; w. hand on, by 199, A I 97, C I 103; of support or carrier on I 68, 79, II 165, XVI 58, A II 3, C II 183, III 93, VI410;y/g. Ill 181, C III 227; ~ bones yede was alive and active XVIII 305, C XX 337; of time or occasion on, in Pr 5(1), V 397, XVIII 42, A V 14, C VIII 349, X 268; by C XVI 143; of language in IV 145, VII 149

ones - ordeyne

Glossary

ones, oones, onys adv. on one occasion, once II 230, III 338, A VII 66, C VIII 76; a single time, once Pr 214, V 74, XV 8, A Pr 87, C XX 422; even once IV 86, XII 206, A IV 73, C XIII 10; ever XVIII 148, C XX 151; only, just once V 601, A VI 88; as n. A VII 137; one time, once XIX /XXI 388; once upon a time XV 230, XX/XXII 343, C XVI 355; at ~ at the same time, together Pr 146, V 163, X 417, A XII 55, C XIII 32, 141; on the same occasion XIX/XXI 94; w. one voice, in unison V 508; in unchanging concord XV 485; emph. in conditional clause once C XX 420; in a Monpe ~ in a single/mere month III 145, A III 134, CIII 183. [OEdnes] oon, on, oen, o pron. one (of a number) XI 118, XV 50, XVI 183, A I 23, VI 106, C II 127, VI 385, VII 292; a member C IX 212; someone XI 27, 320, 410, A XII 62, C V 10, XII 75, XX 8; person, individual XIV 267, XX/XXII 343, C VI 27, VII 299; an entity XV 13; a single entity XVII 154, C XIX 129; a particular one VIII 108, A IX 91, CX101; bi his ~ independently XVI 183. [OE an} oon, on, oen num. adj. one II 105, XII 176, A XI 227, CIII 314, XIV 116; one single III 289, VII 200, 321, XIX/XXI 399, C X 191; one and the same III 318, X 246, XIII 210, C VI 181, XIII 34, XIX 152; a certain II 41, IV 27, A IV 24, CII25, 44, XVI 320. [OE an} oonly, only adj. in phr. ~ crist peerless Christ XIX/XXI 117. [OE dnlUc] oonliche, oenliche, onelyche adv. only XI 145, CXVI 155; excepte/saue ~ IX 144, XX/XXII 61, C X 232, XII 29. [OE dnlic] oost see HOOST. oober, ober, ouber pron. second I 24, XI 14, A VIII 14, C XIV 107; any other C VI 42; anything else C V 189; another (person) XI 214, C IX 89, XVI 307; noon ~ no one else VIII 120, A IX 110, C X 116; nothing else I 88; anything else VI 180; (an)other, the other: w. corr. ech/vchon X 310, C VI 122; w. eiber V 149, VII 144, A X 179, C III 338, VI 149; w. euery X 368, C XII 118; w. oon XVIII 65, C XIII 36; w. noon X 81, C XIII 145; other sort V 402; coll. pi. others, other people X 276, XIII 117,

CVI20, 1X152; each other XVII 29, A XI 191, C XIX 98; others (as well) II 112, XX/XXII 6, AV163; other matters IV 10, A IV 10, C IV 10; (additional) other instances IV 136, A IV 119, C IV 133; the others, the rest XII 258, A Pr 53, CPr54; others (of a similar order) II 182, X401, A XI 250, C III 498, XVII 12; others (of a different order) II 160, III 115, A VIII 85, C Pr 225; anything else IX 155; other activities XX/XXII 208. [OE of>er, dhwrfer] oober, othur adj. (a) second XII 215, C XVI 164; any other I 9, XIII 366, A I 9, C I 9, XIII 190; another XI 194, A XI 146; other (sort of) III 90, V 436, A VI 68, C II 13; other, additional V 157, XI 246, XIV 150, A VI 16, XII 101, C VIII 116, X261; different XIII 54, in any other state V 128, A V 105, C VI 93. [OE offer} ooberwise, ober(e)wise adv. in some other way C V 81; in another way of life C XII 228; ~ ban contrary to what III 275, C III 428; in any other way than V 565, A VI 52, C VII 212; w. neg. ~ ... but in no other fashion except VIII 110, A IX 100, CX106; nothing else except that C XVI 277; differently XIII 278, XVII 177, CVI31, XIX 142. [OE ofre wisan] ope see VP. opene v. open Pr 106, C VII 249; imp.sg. XX/XXII 348, C II 135; intr. pa.t.Ssg. XVIII 249, C XX 258; pi XVIII 322, C XX 365. [QEopenian} or adv. corr. ~ ... ~ sooner ... than XIV 217, C XVI 58; ~ longe er/or a long while before XIII 388, C VI 277. [cp. OI or} or conj. or: joining alternates Pr 154, 168, A III 51, 56, C III 142, 245; joining more than two possibilities Pr 171, II 77, A III 59, V69, C IV 129, V 12-13; balancing opposites III 319, VIII 130, A II 59, C VI 126, XI 198; impl. consequence or else V 589, XVI 268, A VII 151, C VIII 142, 163; emph. -ellis I 53, V 386, C I 49; unless VI 231, XIV 144, A III 230, C VIII 237; corr. ~ ... ~ either ... or VII 94, C IX 170. [OE red. fr. ofer] ordeyne, ordeigne v. 1. make provision for XIX/XXI 320; intr. pa.t.Ssg. gave 150

Glossary

ordeyne - outward

guidance X 250. 2. pa.t.lsg. established X 220; 3sg. founded C XVII 16; pi. instituted Pr 119. 3. pa.t.Bsg. decreed C V 55, X 219; pp. appointed, foreordained A XII 90, C III 241. 4. imp.sg. build, construct XIX/XXI 318. [AF ordener] ordre n. order of knighthood (implying a charge, commitment) 1 104, A VII 151; rule of conduct C I 97; religious order XV 289, CIII 54, 1X212; pi. Pr 58, A Pr55, C VIII 191; contemptuous VI 72, XIII 284, C VIII 73; pi. ordination to the priesthood, priestly standing XI 290, C XIII 104. [AF] organye, orgene n. organ music XVIII 8, C X X 7 . [fr. AF organe] orientals n. sapphires of the eastern variety, red sapphires, rubies? II 14. [AF oriental adj.] orysones n. pi. prayers, religious devotion C XVIII 158. [AF orison] osanna n. the sung hosanna in the antiphons for Palm Sunday XVIII 8, C XX 7. [L and AF hosanna] oseye, osay n. Alsace Pr229, A P r l 0 7 , C Pr233. [AF osey] otes, hote n. oats IV 58, A IV 45, C IV 61; oaten flour, oatmeal VI 282, C VIII 304; asadju. A VII 179. [OE ate] oper, ooper, ou|jer conj. or V 32, XIII 213, 297, A II 155, C Pr 185; or else XIII 329, XIV 74; ~ ellis otherwise A I 51; corr. w. ~ ... or either III 306, A VII 232, C XIII 48. [OEdfer, dhwrfer] opergates adv. in other circumstances IX 195, A X 209, CX294. [ME] operwise see OOMRWISE. opes n. pi. oaths II 70, V 424, A VIII 40, C II 153, VI 34; profane swearing, profanity V 327, X 51, A XI 37, C Pr 36; fig. II 93, XX/XXII 225; A II 64; pers. V 306, A V 157, C VI 361. [OE aft ou3t see AU3T; obtest see OWE. ouhexc/. C XII18. our(e)selue, ouresulue pron. us individually, in particular A VIII 114; our own selves A XI 248, C XIX 41. [ME] out, oute adv. out 1117, IV 186, A 176, C VII 265, IX 147; forth C VI 189; as adju. to v. broken ~ escaped XII 140, C XII 75; cam ~ was revealed, became 151

known XIX/XXI 161; fynden ~ attain to XIII 129; invent C Pr 37; coming upon C III 345; haue ~ liberate, free XVIII 146; rouse C XX 287; holden ~ exclude V 587; putte ~ extend XVII 178, C XIX 143; gave expression to I 127, A I 116; sekep ~ penetrates to XIV 95; spynnen it ~ spin soft yarn C VI 222; tolled/tolde ~ were stretched to V 212, A V 128, C VI 220; wered ~ corrupted to the point of destruction C V 81. [OE ut, ute] outcomen pp. as adj. foreign, from elsewhere XVII 116. [OE utancumen] oute adj. 1. outside C XX 420; not at home, absent XX/XXII 346. 2. known to us XII 144, CXIV 190. [fr. adv.] ouberwhile(s), oberwhile(s) adv. sometimes V 178, 403, VIII 25, A VII 239, C XVI 367; in other instances C X 163; on occasion Pr 164, V 550; when the occasion arises C XVIII 42; from time to time XII 23, XV 182, C V 50, XVI 293; as often as not XIX/XXI 300; at another time XIX/XXI 103. [OE otyerhwile] outlawe n. robber, brigand XVII 105. [OE utlaga] out of prep. phr. 1. forth from, out of II 65, V494, A I 113, CIV 163, VIII 205; of a state or condition free of, from V 229, XII 172, A V 145, C X 52, XVI 4; of direction from XVIII 113, C XX 121; of derivation, source (forth) from IX 114, XV 92, A II 20, X 124, C XIII 176, XV 264. 2. outside of, out (of) IX 122, X304, A XI 210, C VI 183, 184; ~ ~ mesure immoderately C XIII 188; ~ ~ nombre uncountably C XIII 6; ~ ~ reson to excess I 25, A I 25, C VI 435; unduly V 36; excessively XX/XXII 269; foolishly II 85, C II 92; ~ ~ tyme between meals C I 24; at forbidden times C X 288. 3. in defiance of X 25; in violation of C III 203; — skile brynge provoke to anger XIX/XXI 284; falleth ~ ~ fails in C X 42. [ME] outryderes n. pi monks who claim monastic business as a dispensation from claustral rule C IV 116. [ME] outtakeprep. w. the exception of A X 175. [fr. v.] outward adv. in phr. turne pe fayre ~ put a good face on it C IX 85. [OE utweard]

outwit - owene

Glossary

outwit n. physical perception XIII 288. [ME: cp. inwit] ouer prep. 1. (up and) over V 514, XX/XXII 183, 185, A VI 2, C VII 159; across V 475, A XI 203, C IX 159; ~ see abroad IV 129, A IV 112, C VI 278; through C XIII 46; ~ eue(n) overnight C III 308. 2. above (in degree) C XIX 39; (in authority) 1108, XIV 331, A I 106, C III 257, IV 155, in charge of C VII 271, VIII 250; cher ~ concerned w. the welfare of C XVII 148; of ascendancy superior to III 298, V 635, A X 63, C XVII 170; ~ al everywhere IX 56, AII 180, C II 231. [OE ofer] ouer adv. too, over V 184, VI 258, XX/XXII 27, A VII 242, C VI 166; unduly XIII 43, C XV 48; ~ hardy presumptuous C III 299; passe ~ leave the topic XIII 133. [OE ofer] oueral see OVER prep. ouercarke v. overburden w. exactions III 316, CIII469. [ME] ouercomen v. 1. defeat XX/XXII 122; pa.t.Ssg. conquered XV 541, C XVII 203; get the better of X 455, C XI 280; win over IV 82, A IV 69, C IV 78; pa.t.Ssg. dominated XIII 11, C XV 13; pp. C III 431; abs. pa.t.Ssg. was victorious XIX/XXI 161, C XX 112; To be culd and ~ die victorious C XVII 289. [OE ofercuman] ouerdoen v. pr.t.pl. overdo, carry to excess C XIII 190. [OE oferdon} ouergilte pp. gilded XV 124. [OE ofergyldan] ouerhoueb v. pr.t.Ssg. looms over, threatens XVIII 171, C XX 174; pa.t.Ssg. in phr. bat reyn ~ by meton. under the heavens III 208, A III 195. [ME] ouerhuppen/>r. t.pl deliberately omit, skip XIII 68; pr.subj.pl. make omissions, careless errors XV 386, C XVII 118. [ME] ouerleyd pp. as adj. covered over, spread C XII 231. [OE oferlecgan] ouerlepe v. 1. overtake, outrun Pr 200; pa.t.Ssg. Pr 150, C Pr 171. 2. intr. digressed C XX 357. [OE oferhleapan] ouerlonge adj. too long XX/XXII 362; unduly protracted C XVI 365; as n. a longtime XI 222. [ME] ouerlonge adv. unduly long, too long XV

240, XX/XXII 360. ouermaistreb v. pr.t.Ssg. overpowers, prevails over IV 176. [ME] ouermore adv. in addition C IX 157. [ME] ouerplente n. great prosperity C XII 234. [ME] ouerreche v. encroach XIII 373, C VI 270. [ME] ouersen v. 1. supervise VI 113, A VII 105, C VIII 120. 2. pr.t.pl. peruse, read closely X 333; pa.t.Ssg. scanned C XI 113. 3. refl. pp. forgot myself V 371. [OE oferseon] ouerskipped pp. omitted XI 305, C XIII 119. [ME] ouerskipperis n. priests hasty or careless about liturgical precision XI 310, C XIII 123. [MEfr. v.] ouersopped v. pp. eaten too much C VI 429. [ME] ouerspradde v. pa.t.Bsg. extended over XIX/XXI 206. [OE oferspradan] ouertaken v. overtake, catch up w. XVII 85; pp. caught XII 244. [ME] ouerprowe v. 1. capsize VIII 35, A IX 31. 2. destroy, cast down C XVIII 159. [ME] ouertilte, ouertulde pa.t.Ssg. upset, put into disarray, destroyed XX/XXII 54, 135. [ME] ouerturne, ouertorne v. 1. demolish, destroy XVI 131; pa.t.Ssg. upset C XVIII 156. 2. intr. come to grief XV 547, C XVII 209. [ME] ouerturnynge ger. dewstruction C XVIII 162. ouerward adv. on the point of crossing C IV 128. [ME] owe, au3te, ou3te, ouhte v. \.pr.t.lsg. owe V 468, A V 242; pi. XIX/XXI 392. 2. pa.t.Ssg. owned III 68, C III 72. 3. pa. subj. w. pres. sense: sg. have a moral obligation, duty VI 131, A VII 123; pi. XVII 340, C XIX 320; should, ought to Isg. II 28, A II 21, C II 30; 2sg. I 75, A I 73, C I 72; Ssg. C IX 230; pi. XI 158, C III 108; ought properly Ssg. V 121, XI 301, A V 7 1 , C V 6 4 ; pi. XX/ XXII 276; prp. is ~ has a duty IX 69, A X69. [OEagan, dhte] owene, owen, owne, oune poss. adj. after n. own X416, XVII 275, CX176, XII 98; after poss. adj. V 216, VI 200, A VII 152

owene - pampilon

Glossary

C XIX 300; pr.t.3sg. XIX/XXI 195; pp. satisfied XIX/XXI 188, XX/XXII 308; paid in XIX/XXI 389; intr. pr.t.3sg. makes restitution XIX/XXI 194. 4. hand over XIII 380, A IV 61; pp. IV 75, C IV 68; pr.t.Ssg. pays ransom C VII 277; pays bribes (on sbody's behalf) III 137, A III 126, CIII 175. [AFpaier] paiere n. payer (of wages) V 551, A V I 38, C III 306. [ME fr. prec.] payn n. bread VI 150, C VIII 284; food VII 126, XIII 243, A VIII 108, C XV 200; fig. XIV 317, C XVI 151; ~ defaute famine XIII 259. [AF pain] paynym n. pagan XI 163; Saracen V516, A VI 4, C VII 161; pi. XV 504, C XVII 255. [AF paienime] pays n. country, land XVI 159, C XVIII 176. [AFpais] pak«. bundle, pack XIII 201, C XVI 54. [MDu] pakken v. pack, bundle up XV 189; pr.t.3sg. C XVI 332. [fr. n. or AF pakker] paknedle, pakke nedle n. large needle V 210, AV126. [ME] pale adj. pallid V 77, A V 60, C XX 58. [AF] paleis, palays «.(!) palace II 23, A II 18, CII23; pi. VIII 16, C X 1 6 . [AF] paleys, palays «.(2) 1. enclosing wall X 468, A XI 312, C X I 294. 2. close, precinct XIII 29; walled garden XVIII 335, C XX 378. [AF paleis] palfrey, palfray n. smooth-gaited horse II 190, A l l 151; fig. II 171, A l l 135; pi. XIX/XXI 415, CIV 115. [AFpalJrei] pallev. pr.t.lsg. strike XVI 30; 3sg. XVI 51, C XVIII 34. [ME fr. pale n.] palmere, palmare n. pilgrim to the Holy Land V 535, A VI 23, C XV 33; pi. V 107, A V 87, C VIII 63; professional pilgrims Pr 46, A Pr 46, C Pr 47. [AF palmer] palpable adj. tangible, having physical entity CXVII1233. [CF] palsy, palesie n. palsy, fit of tremors V 77, A V 6 0 ; state of paralysis XX/XXII 176. [AF palesie] paltok n. surcoat XVIII 25, C XX 24; pi doublets, tunics XX/XXII 219. [? Breton] pampilon n. Pamplona in Navarre XVII 256, C XIX 222.

187, C XIV 175; XVIII 201; as n. w. contextual sense after poss. pron. Pr 122, III 27, VI 83, X 96, A IX 74, X 75, C III 210. [OEdgen] oxe n. ox XV 467; pi. fig. XIX/XXI 262, 268. [OEoxa] 03135 n. the prophet Hosea XV 574. P

paas, pase n. road through a wooded defile XIV 304, C XVI 139. [AF pas] paast n. pastry XIII 250; dough XIV 29. [AF paste] pacience n. endurance of adversity in submission to divine will X 346, XI 257, C XII 143, XV 277; submission to divine will XIV 10, XVIII 415, A XI 230, C XIII 21, XIV 16; the virtue patience XIII 201, C XV 179; patient forbearance XV 598, C XVII 236; restraint XIV 100; fig. XII 61, XIV 193, 317, XVI 8, XVIII 168, C XV 159, XIX 91; pers. fern. V622, A VI 608, C VII 274; masc. XIII 29, XIV 29, CXV32, XVI 151; as ahorse C II 204. [AF] pacient adj. 1. submissive to divine will in expectation of salvation XIV 102, 260, C XIII 99; asn. C XIII31, XV 276; coll. CIX 179. 2. resolute, steadfast XI 242, C XII 131. 3. restrained, controlled XV 201. [AF] paciently adv. 1. in submission to divine will XI 263, C VI 14, XI 260. 2. w. forebearance C XIX 105; w. calm restraint XIV 36, C XV 246. [fr. adj.] paye n. 1. in phr. to ~ satisfactorily V 549, XI 349, A VI 36, C VII 190, XVI 94; in his ~ w. his goodwill C III 349. 2. wage C III 300; reward C IX 279. [AF] paiement n. payment XX/XXII 364. [AF] paien v. 1. satisfy, content VI 309, A VII 293, C VIII 331; pp. A VII 100, X 117. 2. pay VII 44, C III 350; pr.t.lsg. V 428, C VII 41; pi. XIX/XXI 414; pa.t.lsg. VI 93, A VII 85, C VIII 102; 3sg. Ill 62, V215, A V 1 3 1 , C VI 251; pp. C III 306; make recompense for, reward XI 195. 3. repay XIV 296, C XII 107; pr.t.3sg. C IV 55; pa.t.3sg. XIII 376, C XVI 315; pp. XIII 388, C VI 277; of guilt for sin pay off C VI 299; give satisfaction C XIX 206; of restoring ill-gotten gains XVII 240, XIX/XXI 186, 153

panel - parfitly

Glossary

panel n. list of jurors, jury III 317, C III 470. [AF] panelon n. ornamental trim or facing on a gown or robe III 296, C III 449. [AF panelloun fr. panel] paniers, paniars n. baskets XV 290, C XVII 17. [AF] paniter n. domestic steward w. charge of provisions C XVI 151. [AF paneter] panne n. head IV 78, A IV 64, C IV 74. [OE] pans, panes see PENY. papelotes n. pi. dishes of gruel or porridge CIX75. [MEbutcp. AF pap] paradis n. the Garden of Eden XI 417, C XVI 225; heaven V 495, A VII 109, C IX 12. [AF] parail n. clothing, attire C X 117. [AF apparail] paramours n. 1. loved one, sweetheart C XVI 106. 2. pi. sexual adventures C VI 186. [AF par amour] parauenture, paraunter adv. possibly, it maybe V 639, XIII 134, XIV 208, C IX 181; possibly even C III 467; very likely, it may well be XI 11, XII 183; as it happens XI 423, XX/XXII 234; by chance C VII 297. AF par aventure]. [AF] parceyue, parseyue, parsceyued v. 1. become, be aware, realize XVIII 418, C XX 461; pa.t.Ssg. XVII 69, C XIX 68; pp. V 144; pa.t.lsg. observed, took note Pr 100, C Pr 128; pa.t.Ssg. XVIII 243, XIX/XXI 163, C XX 252; pa.t.lsg. noticed XVI 23; 3sg. XIII 354; pr.t.3sg. discerns XV 199; pa.t.Ssg. XIII 86, XVI 103. 2. pr.t.Ssg. senses XVII 153. [AF parcever] parcel, parsel n. part, portion X 64, A XI 50, C XI 46; pi. sections (of a document) XI 305, C XIII 119; a substantial sum of money XX/XXII 292; pi. detailed items C XIII 38; ~ departable separable elements XVII 29. [AF] parcelmele, parselmele adv. 1. in small quantities III 81, A III 70, C III 86. 2. piecemeal, bit by bit XV 246. 3. distinct C XIX 30. [ME] parchemyn n. parchment IX 39; fig. XIV 192. [AF parchemin] pardon, pardoun n. 1. forgiveness of sins obtained by valid sacramental confession X 125, A XI 78. 2. the sacerdotal power

of the sacrament of confession XIX/XXI 183. 3. an indulgence: remission of purgatorial punishment for sins presumed already forgiven II 225, VI 64, A VIII 157, C IX 11, 338; the document supposed to confer this VII 200, A VIII 175, C IX 346. 4. a document of moral dispensation which turns out to be cl. 40 of the Athanasian Creed, in effect an assurance of salvation for righteousness VII 107, 109, A VIII 89, 91, C IX 281, 283. 5. forgiveness of sin VII 115, 174, A VIII 97, C IX 289, 319; the grace of divine leniency in the judgement of the individual soul VII 58, A VIII 11, 59, C IX 8, 43, 60; pers. C IX 280. 6. fig. hir ~ the merit earned for a particular 'work of mercy' XV 183. 7. Piers ~ pe Plowman the contingency of forgiveness of sins of dishonesty upon restoration of ill-gotten gains XIX/XXI 187, 390, XX/XXII 308. [AF] pardoner n. lay fund-raiser w., or claiming, papal authorization to confer remission of punishment in purgatory in return for contributions for a charity Pr 68, 81, A Pr78, C I I 1 1 3 ; / > / . II 222, A II 181, C XVII 61. [AF] pare v. trim, clip the edge of V 240, C VI 242. [AF parer] parentrelynarie adv. between the lines, by interlineation XI 305, C XIII 119. [cp. AF parentre, CF entreligneure] parfay excl. upon my word C XVI 118. [AF parfai] parfit, perfite adj. 1. flawless, absolute III 301, XIV 100, C XV 272; true, real XV 148, XX/XXII 108, C XV 217; excellent C XVIII 102; sinless XI 276, A I 120, C XIII 230; unquestioning X 470, C XI 295. 2. fulfilled, expressed in virtuous living XIV 193, C XVII 266; in a state of grace C V 84, VIII 136; of consummate moral excellence XI 273, XVIII 149, C XII 163, XX 152; morally excellent XI 319, XV 418, 568, XX 108, C XIII 100, XVI 245, XVII 233; comp. XII 24; superl. C XIII 99. 3. powerful, competent XV 588, XVI 107, C XVII 299. 4. authentic XV 584. [AF] parfitly adv. in perfect form XVI 220; righteously C IX 43; correctly, without error V 394; without flaw C XVII 76; to good effect C XIX 137; in a real sense,

154

parfitly - paternoster

Glossary

XI 234, C XII 123. [AF] passenv. 1. go VII 11, A VIII 11, C IX 326; pr.t.3sg. XIV 306, C XVI 141; pa.t. pi. VIII 11, A IX 11, C X 11; travel XV 571, C XVI 140; pp. XIV 99; proceed VI 84, A VII 76, C VIII 93; pr.subj.sg. go in XX/XXII 338; pr.t.pl. go through life 1 7 , A I 7, C I 7; pr.t.3sg. pass, go through C XIII 31; pi. X 469, C XI 295; go free Pr 155, C Pr 175. 2. go away, leave, depart XIII 178, C XV 183; pr.t.pl. A VIII 18, C IX 132; pa.t.3sg. XIII 20; pi. XIII 215; pr.subj.sg. VI 202; pp. C XV 152; ~ ferpere A VII 188; pr.t.Bsg. outgrows A X 73; pp. of time gone by XVIII 133, C XX 136; ago, past Pr 193, XIII 264, C Pr 206, XVI 371. 3. pr.t.Ssg. was waning XX/XXII 199. 4. pa.t.3sg. outrode II 190, A II 151, C II 204. 5. pr.t.Ssg. is superior to, surpasses VII 175, A VIII 153, C IX 320; prp. XIX/ XXI 266; pr.t.3sg. is more efficacious than VII 178, A VIII 156, C IX 324; prp. more than V415, XX/XXII 218. 6. pr.t.Bsg. offends against, fails in respect of I 104, A I 102, C XVII 5; pi. C XV 115. 7; late- ignore V 409; letep ~ effects the release of III 137, A III 126, C III 175; ~ we ouer let us leave the topic XIII 133. [AF passer] passhed, paschte pa.t.3sg. beat violently XX/XXII 100. [?] passion, passioun n. suffering for the faith (as confessor or martyr) XIII 418, C VII 78; hardship, self-imposed mortification XV 270, 515, C X I 259, XVII 266; account of suffering XIII 91, C XV 98; Christ's suffering before and during the crucifixion V 404, XVII 98, A XII 26, C VII 20. [AF] pastours, pastors n. 1. shepherds XII 148, C XIV 92; herdsmen X 466, A XI 310, C XI 292. 2. pastors XV 496, C XVII 192. [AF pastor] patente n. public official or formal document fig. XIV 192, XVII 11, C XIX 12; authorizing text from such a document XVIII 186, C XX 191; letter of indulgence A VIII 178; pi. formal certificates VII 200. [AF patent adj.] paternoster n. 1. the Lord's Prayer V 394, A XI 312, CV46;fig. XIV 49, C XV 247. 2. as part of the Rosary XV

thoroughly, to the full XIII 201, C XVI 340; fully XIX/XXI 194; unreservedly XV 504. [fr. adj.] parfitnesse n. infinite excellence C XVIII 41; perfected righteousness X 205, XVI 135, C XV 183; virtuous conduct C V 90. [fr. adj.] parfournen v. 1. bring about, accomplish XIII 174, CXV 172. 2. pr.Usg. carries out, performs XIII 411, C VII 71; pa.t.lsg. V398, A VI 85, C VII 14; pp. C VI 283; observe C XIII 93; pr.t.pl. XIV 292, C XVI 127. 3. pr.t.Ssg. fulfils, puts into effect XV 326; pi. XV 328. 4. intr. pr.t.3sg. acts, behaves XIII 79, C XV 86. 5. abs. pr.subj.sg. works well CIII 350. [AF parforner] parissh(e), parsch(e) n. parish Pr 82, A Pr 79, C Pr 80; pi. Pr 84, XX/XXII 280, A Pr81, CPr82. [A¥ paroisse] parisshens, parschiens n. pi. parishioners Pr89, CVI120. [AF parissiene] parled v. pa.t.3pl. spoken XVIII 271, C XX 279. [AFparler] parlement n. the king's council in judicial session IV 47, A IV 34, CIV 185. [AF] parlour n. room reserved for daytime use by the master and mistress of a great house X 100. [AF] parroked pp. enclosed, shut in XV 286, C VI 144. [ME: cp. QEpearroc] part n. participation A VIII 8, C IX 175; share, portion XVII 70, C III 246. [AF] partep v. 1. pr.t.Ssg. shares X 64, A XI 50, C X I 46; pi. Pr 81, A Pr 78, C Pr 79; intr. C XVI 258; pr.Usg. I 182, A I 156, C X I 63; pi. C X V 115; pr.subj.pl. C I 178; imp.sg. C VIII 284; prp. XIII 206; -with be sharers of C VIII 144; be a partner C VI 299; pr.t.pl. are taking a share (of the perquisites) V 144. 2. divide, set at odds C V 184. [AF partir] partie, party, partey3e n. 1. part I 7, A I 7, C I 7, III 383; quotation C XV 156; member XV 16, C XVI 168. 2. allied group, side C I 95; pi. C XV 173; faction C III 380; party (concerned in a lawsuit) XVII 308, C XIX 288; pi. Ill 390. 3. pi. partners (to a marriage settlement) XIV 269, C XVI 109. [AF] partyng ger. departure VII 58, A XI 313, CXVI 161. pask(e), pasqe, pasche n. Passover XVI 139, C XVIII 166; ~ wyke Easter week 155

paternoster - peire

Glossary

181, C XVI 323; imposed as penance in confession XIV 197; ~ while the time it takes to say the Lord's Prayer V 341, A VI89, C VI 399. [L] path n. fig. way, course XIV 304, C XVI 139. [OE/»/>] patriark(e) n. 1. an Old Testament'father' XII 115, C XIV 60; of Job XVIII 149, C XX 152; pi. VII 12, A VIII 12, C VII 87; notable Jewish priest, judge of Israel C XIV 60. 2. head of the Eastern Church XIII 166. [AF] patrymonye n. endowments XX/XXII 234; cristes ~ the endowments and property held in trust for Christ by the Church XV 246. [AF patrimoin] patron n. mentor XII 227; pi. persons w. the power of preferment to benefices C V 78. [AF] paulynes, poulynes n. gen. of the consistory court of St Paul's II 109, 178, A II 73, CII113. paunchew. belly XIII 88, C XV 95. [AF pance] pauper n. list of debts outstanding C XIII 38. [AF papier] pauyloun n. large tent, marquee A II 41. [AF paviloun] pawme, paume n. palm of the hand XVII 143, 176, C XIX 118. [AF paume] peccunie n. money, lawyer's fee C III 390. [AF pecunie] pece n. 1. piece VI 309, A VII 293, C VIII 331; fig. XIV 49, C XV 247; pi. fragments CXX61. 2. pi. goblets, cups, plates, tableware III 89, A III 21, 78. [AF] pecok, pocok n. peacock XII 229, C XIII 170; pi. XI 359. [ME: cp. OEpdwa] pedlere n. pedlar, hawker V 255. [ME fr. peddere] peel n. charge, accusation XVII 308. [red. fr. AF appel] peere, pere, piere n. equal (in status, rank) III 205, A XI 197, C IX 307; pi. VII 16, CIX20. [AF] peeren v.(l) appear, show ourselves Pr 173. [AF purer] peeren v.(2) pr.t.pl. become peers of XV 418; pr.t.Bsg. is comparable w. A XII 4. [AF perer] peerhn.pl. pears XVI 71; pere ionettes early-ripening pears C XII 221. [OE pere]

pees n. 1. concord, harmony III 301, XV 427, XIX/XXI 357, C XVII 94, 236; pers. XVIII 412; pe/Cristes ~ a world at peace XV 563, C XVII 228. 2. the internal concord of a nation III 221, A III 208; freedom from molestation or violence XIV 304, XVI 159, C XIII 2; pers. masc. XIV 306; law-abiding conduct IV 47, A IV 52, C IV 50; maken ~ bring about reconciliation C XIII 76, XVII 248; maken his ~ obtain pardon for him IV 64, A IV 50. 3. end to warfare XIII 174, 208, C XVII 87; absence of warfare XI 332, XVIII 228, C XIII 140. 4. silence XIX/XXI 154, C XV 232. 5. spiritual peace, tranquility C XX 190; pers. fern, reconciliation between God and mankind through fulfilment of the Scripture XVIII 168, C XX 175; perpetuel ~ the apocalyptic regeneration promised in Mat. 5.3 C XV 138; Jig. the spiritual condition attained through submission to divine will I 152, A I 137, C I 148, XIV 16; pers. fern. V 622, A VI 108, C VII 274; masc. XX/XXII 298, 330. [AF pes] pehen, pohen n. peahen, female peafowl XII 240, C XIV 174. [ME] peyne, payne n. 1. suffering, pain XIV 54, XVII 190, CI199, XI 259, XV 253; of Christ I 169, V 404, C VII 20; pi. XIX/ XXI 326; torture XIV 54, C XV 253; torment in hell 1127, XI 153, A X 30, C VII 117; pi. II 106, C X V 16, 49; in limbo XVIII 144, 200, C XX 147, 205; discomfort V 154, C VI 129. 2. source of distress XII 250. 3. pi. in- subject to penalties C VII 277. [AF peine] peynen v. re/7, exert (one)self VII 43; pr.t.3sg. XIX/XXI 434. 2. pa.t.pl. tortured I 171, C I 167. 3. pr.t.pl. hamper, hinder XII 249. [AF peiner] peynten v. 1. represent by painting, paint III 62, C III 66; pp. Ill 66, C III 70; intr. XVII 172, C XIX 137; pa.t.Ssg. coloured (as w. paint) XIX/XXI 11; pp. XIX/XXI 6; gaudy C XIV 179. 2. fig. beautify, adorn (in the Rosary) XV 181, C XVI 323. 3. pp. deceitful, contrived XX/XXII 115; illusory C IV 23; falsified XI 305, C XIII 119. [AFpeinter] peire n. pair of V 253, C VI 251; (a) couple 1X170, XIII 196, A X 191, CX 232. [AF] 156

pels - permutation

Glossary

penitauncer n. priest authorized to administer the sacrament of penance in reserved cases, penitentiary XX/XXII 319; pi. C VI 256. [AF] penyworp, peneworth n. as a notional figure, goods valued at a penny III 258, A III 237, CIII 314; no- no fee, however small A VIII 48; pi. objects of little value V326, A V 1 7 5 , C VI 384. [ME] pennen. 1. pen 1X40, C XIX 16. 2. pi. tail feathers XII 249, C XIV 179. [AF] pensel n. distinctive pennon carried on his lance by a knight in heraldic display C XVIII 187. [AFpencet\ pepir, pepur n. pepper V 304, A V 155, C VI 359; in phr. ban ~ in pe nose turn up their noses XV 203. [OE pipor, piper] peple, poeple n. 1. w. def. art. men and women (of the community), the people Pr59, 119, A P r 7 6 , 93, C Pr 146. 2. people (in contextual situations) I 47, 171, IV 159, A II 38, 139, C II 201, III 86. 3. individual men and women, persons XII 67, XIV 183, A VI 108, C IX 118, XI 6. 4. nation XIII 176; nations XIII 258, C XV 228. 5. subjects III 262, A III 241, C IV 12. [CF poeple, AF peple] percen, persen pr.t.pl. penetrate, pass through X468, A XI 312, C XI 294; pp. pierced XVII 192, C XIX 158. [AF percer] percile, persile, parsilie n. parsley VI 286, A VII 270, C VIII 308. [AF percit\ peril, perel n. danger XIV 305, C XIX 68; pi. XVIII 415, A VIII 16, C XX 458; risk, jeopardy XI 33, C XI 192; pi. hazards XVIII 276, C XX 298; dangerous situation XV 567, XVI 107, C XVII 232; source of danger XV 509, C XVII 260; risk of damnation IV 140, V 557, A IV 123, VI 44, C IV 137, VII 201. [AF] perilous adj. to be feared, terrible VI 44, A VII 43. [AF] perilously, perillousli adv. dangerously Pr 151, C P r l 7 2 . [fr. adj.] perimancie n. divination by fire X218, A XI 161. [AF piromaunce] perkyn n. Perkin, dim. of Piers VI 24, A VII 38, C VIII 56. perles n. pearls X 9, A XI 9, C XI 7. [AF] permutacion, permutacoun n. exchange

peis, peyse n. weight V 240, C VI 242; papal seal on a document XIII 246. [AF] peised v.(l) pa.t.Ssg. weighed V 215, A V131, C VI 223. [AFpeiser] peisen v.(2) satisfy, appease VI 298, A VII 282. [AF peiser, paiser] peytrele v. harness w. a martingale C IV 23. [fr.AF peitraln.] pelet n. sheepskin V 77, A V 60. [AF pellet] pelour n. accuser, appellant XVIII 40, C XX 39. [AF] pelure n. fur trimming II 9, III 296, A II 9, C II 10; furred gowns XV 7, XIX/XXI415, CIV 115. [AF] penaunce, penaunse, penance n. 1. penance imposed by a confessor V 398, A VI 85, C V 195; penalty, punishment VII 106, VIII 105, A XI 78, C III 101, VI 304; of purgatory VII 180, A VIII 158, C IX 186. 2. repentance for sin, penitence VII 126, 183, A VIII 108, C 1X175; repentance, change of heart XV 515, C XVII 266. 3. mortification as penitential discipline, a life of asceticism Pr 25, V 593, A VII 76, VIII 106, C VII 78; sarcastic XIII 88, C XV 95; penitential exercise(s) XI 281, XIV 10, C V 84, IX 235, C XIII 82; suffering X 34, A XI 26; hardship XI 263, 281, A XI 230, C III 400, XII 206; pi. XIII 66; of Christ, colloc. w. passion atonement, reparation in his human nature for the sins of mankind XVII 98, C XVIII 41. [AF] penauncelees, penaunceles adj. without suffering X 469, C XI 295. [fr. prec.] penaunt, penante n. penitent, one doing penance IV 133, C XV 100. [AF] pencif, pensif adj. troubled, concerned VII 151, A VIII 132, C IX 300. [AF] pencioun n. salary, stipend A VIII 47. [AF pension] pendaunt3 n. metal ornaments on belts or garters XV 7. [AF] peny n. silver coin worth 1/12 of a shilling V 267, A VII 264, C XVI 315; pi. V 240, C IX 91; for Roman denarius I 47, A I 45, C I 45; money, cash VI 280, A VII 264, C XII 121; pi. Pr213, A III 78, CIII 32. [OEpenig] penyale n. ale costing a penny a gallon V 218, A VII 293, C VI 226. [ME] penyles adj. penniless, destitute C XII 26. [ME] 157

permutacion - pykeharneys

Glossary

III 258, A III 237, C III 314. [AF] permute v. exchange XIII 111; abs. pr.t.pl. move from benefice to benefice C II 188. [AF permuter] pernele, purnele n. woman's name IV 116, V 160, A V 2 6 , C I V 111; a saint Petronilla VI 275, A VII 259; as type name a priest's concubine C XVII 72; a prostitute V312, C VI 367. perpetuel adj. 1. everlasting X 427, C V 195. 2. without beginning or end XVII 129, C XVIII 27. [AF] perpetuelly adv. for all time C IX 8. [fr. adj.] perree, perrie, perrei3e n. gemstones X 12, AII 12, CXI 10. [AF] persaunt adj. penetrating I 157, C I 153. [fr. AF percer] persecucoun n. in phr. ~ of body torture C XII 206. [AF persecucioun] personage n. benefice, ecclesiastical living XIII 245. [AF] person(e), persoun n. rector of a parish, beneficed priest, parson V 415, C VI 144; pi. Pr83, A III 231, C II 188; (of monks) charged w. pastoral duties X 319. [AF] persone n. 1. individual, person IX 116, X 474, XIX/XXI 27, C XVI 111; pi. people XV 7, C XIX 105. 2. emph. in phr. pi ~ your royal self of all people III 179, A III 166, C III 225; his ~ that actual man XV 196. 3. impersonation XVIII 335, C XX 378. 4. of or as of the Trinity person XVI 185; pi. X 245, C XVIII 27. [AF] pertliche adv. manifestly V 15, CV117; in plain terms V23. [ME] pescoddes, pesecoddes n. peas in the pod, early peas eaten unshelled VI 292, A VII 276, C XII 221. [ME] pese n. pea (as virtually worthless) VI 169, A VII 154; pi green peas VI 195, A VII 282; pease porridge VI 186, A VII 174; pease-meal C VIII 305; ~ loof VI 179, A VII 164, C VIII 176. [OEpise] pestilence n. bubonic plague V 36, XIII 248; time of the plague IX 170, A X 191, C X 271; pi. outbreaks of the plague V 13, A V 13, C VIII 347; sg. as visitation of divine punishment C XV 217. [AF] peter «. the apostle Pr 100, A VIII 156, C Pr 128; ~pe Porter XV 18, C XVI 169;

as author of the Epistle X 350, A XI 233; asexcl. V537, A VI 25, C IX 289. petit, pety adj. little XIV 243, C XVI 83; slight VII 58, A VIII 59, C IX 53. [AF] pharaoes, faraos n. Pharaoh's VII 170, A VIII 147, C IX 314. pharisees n. members of a Jewish sect, Pharisees XV 605. [AF phariseis] philosofres, fylosophres n. philosophers XX/XXII38, C XVII 116; learned men XIX/XXI 244, C XIII 28. [AF philosophre] philosophic, filosophye n. learning, scholarship XX/XXII 295; knowledge of philosophy XV 384, C XVII 116. [L and AFfilosofie] phippe, fyppe n. belittling nickname, ? pet name for a sparrow XI 42, C XI 309. phisicien, fiscisyen, flsician n. physician XX/XXII 176, A VII 168; fig. of Christ C XVIII 140. [AF] phisik, fesik n. 1. medical knowledge XX/ XXII 178; practice of medicine VI 271, A VII 255, C VIII 292; medical treatment XX/XXII 378, C VIII 266; pers. the medical profession VI 269, XX/XXII 169, A VII 253, C VIII 290. 2. natural science XV 384. [AF phisiqe] phisike v. pr. subj. sg. treat (medically) XX/XXII 323. [fr. n.] piche v. 1. pitch sheaves C V 13. 2. ~ ato thrust apart, sever C VIII 64; pp. ~ vp of a tent pitched A II 41. [OE *piccan] pye n. magpie XI 347, C XIII 158. [AF pie] pyement n. spiced wine as a restorative C XX 409. [AFpiment] piers, peris, peres, perus n. man's name (AN for Peter) II 109, A II 73, C II 113; sir ~ of Pridie a dissolute priest V312, C VI 367; the hero of the poem V 556, A VI 43, C VII 200. pies n. pi. dishes of meat or fish cooked in pastry cases Pr 226, A Pr 104, C Pr 230; ~ hele pie-undercrust VII 200, A VIII 178, C IX 346. [MLpia] pik n. 1. pointed metal tip VIII 98, A IX 88, C X 95. 2. staff shod w. a metal end V474, A VI 23, C VII 180. 3. farmer's tool, pick VI 103, A VII 95. [OEpic] pikares/?. pilferers C V 1 7 . [fr. v.] pyked adj. w. pointed toes XX/XXII 219. [fr. prec.] pykeharneys n. pi. camp-followers who 158

pykeharneys - place

Glossary

393, A II 70, C XI 271; wyuen ~ cucking stool V 29, A V 29, C V 131. [OE pine] pyned v. 1. pa.t.Ssg. tortured A I 145. 2. intr. pa.t.Ssg. endured pain, suffered XIX/XXI 322. [OE pinion; confusion of forms w. peynen fr. AF peinir] pynynge stooles n. cucking stools III 78, A III 67, CIII 79. [ME] pynne v. fasten XX/XXII 298; pa.t.lsg. kept fastened V 211, A V 127, C VI 219. [fr.n.] pynnes n. wooden pegs C VIII 199. [OE pinn] pione, pyonie, pyenye n. peony seed V 304, AV155, C VI 359. [OEpeonie] pipe v. play the pipe or pipes XIII 232, C XV 206; play a snatch of music XX/ XXII 93; pa.t.Ssg. played on a pipe XVII1408, C XX 451. [OE plpian} pyries n. pear trees V 16, A V 16, C V 118. [QEpirige] pissen v. piss VI 155, A VII 142, C VIII 151; pa.t.Ssg. V 341, AV189, C VI 67, 399. [AF pisser] pistle, pistil, pistul n. epistle XII 29, A X 109, XI 233, C XVI 291. [OEpistol\ pitaunce n. gift or bequest to provide an additional allowance of food and drink on special occasions, V 267, VI 150; a treat XIII 56, C IX 92; fig. XV 60. [AF] pile, pitee n. 1. mercy I 171, VIII 105, XVII 298, A IX 95, C VI 172. 2. compassion II 222, III 195, A VII 186, CIII 86, V 191. 3. compunction, sense of wrongdoing X 430, A XI 289, C XI 266; haue ~ on hemselue take thought for the welfare of their own souls A V 12. [AF] pip, pethe n. essential part XVII 144, C XIX 118. [OEpiha] pitous adj. moving, pitiful A VII 115. [AF] pitously adv. compassionately IV 98, A IV 85, C IV 94; pathetically XVIII 58; appealing for compassion I 80, A I 78, C 177. [fr. adj.] pyuysshe, pyuische adj. irritable, illnatured VI 155, C VIII 151. [?] place n. 1. locality XVIII 21, C XX 19; pi. V 147, X319, C XIII 51; region VI 44, XV 17, A VII 43, C XVI 122, XVII 87; pi. V 528, A VI 16, C IX 226, X 15; place CIII 106; pi. XIII 274, C Pr 96; abode C XV 274; pi. allotted places,

strip the dead and wounded on a battlefield XX/XXII263. [ME] piken v. keep (soil) in good order XVI 17; pa.t.pl. dug VI 111, A VII 103, C VIII 118. [cp. Olpikka] pikeporses n. cutpurses C VI 370. [ME] pykoise n. pickaxe III 309, C III 462. [AF picois] pykstaff n. iron-shod staff C VI 328, VIII 64. [ME] pil n.(l) pole, prop XVI 30; pi. XVI 23. [OEpil] pyl «. (2) stronghold, peel tower XIX/XXI 363. [Mpiel] pilat, pilatus n. Pontius Pilate X 34, A XI 26, CXX35. piler«. pillar V 593, C VII 241. [AF] pilep see PYLIE. pilewhey n. unidentified liquid used to dilute ale dishonestly A V 134. [?] pilgrym n. 1. traveller to a sacred place for pious reasons, pilgrim V 516, A VI 4, C VII 161; pi. Pr46, A V 87, C Pr 47, IX 181. 2. fig. person dedicated to a supreme religious purpose VI 102, XIII 182, A VII 94, C VIII 111; pi. XIII 215; wayfarer XI 236, C XII 132; pi XIII 216, C XV 185. 3. pi. of humankind on the journey through life V 556, A VI 43, C XII 131(2). [AF pelegrin, pelerim, pelrim] pilgrymage n. 1. travel to a sacred place for pious reasons XIV 197, XIX/XXI 375, C XVI 38; pi. C IX 324. 2. fig. dedication to the quest for salvation VI 84, A VII 76, C VIII 93; pi. fig. missions of charity XV 182, C XVI 324. [AF] pylie v. peel (to make rush-lights) C IX 81; pr.t.3sg. plunders, despoils XIX/XXI 442; pp. as a term of abuse bald, seedy, dingy A VII 142, C VI 370. [OE pilian] pillory, pillorie n. device for publicly confining offenders, pillory II 207, A II 168, C II 219; pi. Ill 78, A III 67, C III 79. [AF pillon] pilour n. as term of abuse III 195, A III 182; pi. brigands C XIII 12; looters, pillagers XX/XXII 263; fig. rapacious entourage XIX/XIX415. [AF] pynched v. pa.t.lsg. encroached XIII 370, C VI 267. [AFpincer] pyne n. punishment II 104, A II 68; suffering A I 143; the torment of hell X 159

place - pli3te

Glossary 72. [fr. v.] pleiep v.(2) pr.t.3sg. pleads in court, makes his case XIX/XXI 295. [fr. AF, ME pin, plea} pleyn adj. full VII 104, A VIII 86. [AF plein] pleyne, playne v. 1. bring a suit, make a charge or accusation III 168, A III 155, C III 214; pr.t.pl C VI 120; fig. pa.t.lsg. C VI 110; pr.t.pl. go to law XIV 226, C XVI 67; pr.subj.sg. litigate C IV 70; refl. pa.subj.pl. IV 66. 2. complain XIII 110; pa.t.pl A VII 115; pr.subj.sg. CIV 30, VIII 166. 3. pr.t.3sg. is the suppliant XVII 298; refl. pa.t.3sg. appealed VI 159, A VII 146, C VIII 156. 4. pa.t.pl w. double modif. complained and applied Pr83, APrSO, CPr81. [AF pleindre] pleyntn. 1. complaint XI 250, C XII 136. 2. charge or accusation at law C III 214; pi. lawsuits II 178, A II 139. [AF pleint] pleneradj. plenary, full XVI 103. [AF] plener(e) adv. all, without exception XI 113, C XII 48. [fr. adj.] plentee n. freedom from want, prosperity VI 163, XI 332, C XVII 94; abundance XIV 77, C XII 204. [AF plent^\ plenteuouse adj. 1. bountiful, open-handed X83. 2. abundant A XII 95. [AF] plesaunce n. sense of doing right C VIII 14. [AF] plesaunt, plesant adj. pleasing, acceptable XIV 102; gratifying XIV 206, C XVI 47. [AF] plese, pleise v. 1. be acceptable to V 53, C XI 227; pr.t.Ssg. C V 85; pr.subj.pl. C XV 277. 2. carry out the wish of XIV 221, C XVI 62; pr.t.Ssg. Ill 162, A III 151, CIII 200; appease VI 295, A VII 279, C VIII 317. 3. indulge, gratify Pr 30, APr30, CPr32; imp.pl indulge V 36. 4. entertain, divert III 11, A XI 59, C XI 53. 5. gain favour w. V 140, XIII 312, A VII 103, C VIII 118; pr.t.pl ingratiate yourself w. XV 80, C XVI 239. 6. pr.t.pl. give pleasure to, delight IX 199, A X 213; pr.t.lsg. C XV 200; pa.t.3sg. Ill 339, C III 491. [AF plesir, pleiser] plesynge ger. a gratuity III 252, A III 231. [fr. prec.] plete v. plead in court A IV 41; pr.t.pl. A Pr86. [AFplaiter] pliyte v. in phr. ~ trupe swear a juror's

mansions XIX/XXI 61; passages (in books) XX/XXII 42; situations XII 24, C XVI 315. 2. pi. public squares of towns (as places of execution) C VII 277. 3. big house X313, XII 147; pi. C V 159, XII 246; edifice XVI 135; palace V 539, A VI 27, C VII 184; al pe ~ the whole garden XVI 21; pi. in phr. come in ~ made an appearance XV 403, C XVII 173. [AF] placebo n. vespers of the Office for the Dead III 311, CV46. [L fr. Ps. 114] play«. joy A XII 95. [OEplaega] playte, pleit v. pa.t.Bsg. fastened V 210, A V 126. [AF plaier] planetes n. planets XX/XXII 80. [AF] planke n. prop, support XVI 50, C XVIII 34, 40. [AF plaunke] piastre n. poultice, plaster XX/XXII 363; pi. XX/XXII 359. [AF] piastre v. treat sores, ulcers XX/XXII 310; pr.t.3sg. XX/XXII 314; pp. fig. poulticed XVII 98, C XIX 91. [AFplastrer] Plato n. Plato X 178, A XI 130, C XII 174. platte v. pa.t.3sg. refl. prostrated V 62, A V45, C V I 3 . [AF platter] plaunte, plante, plonte n. fig. medicinal herb I 152, A I 137, C I 148; plant V 582, A VI 69, C XVIII 25; pi. settings, plants A VII 270, C VIII 308. [OE plante] plaunte pp. in phr. ~ coles planted-out settings of kale, cabbage VI 286. [OE plantian] pleden v. plead in court VII 43; conduct a case VII 46, C IX 44; pa.t. pi. Pr 213, C Pr 163; bring a plea, appeal XIV 109, 189, C XV 285; litigate, go to law IV 54, CIV 57. [AFpleder] pledynge ger. conducting cases III 296, C 1X45. [fr.prec.] pledours n. advocates, barristers VII 43. [AF] pleyev.(l) 1. play Pr 171, CPrl90; pa.t. 3sg. Pr 151, C Pr 172; prp. joyous and light-hearted XVI 256, XVIII 168, C XVIII 272, XX 171; jesting C IX 114. 2. have a good time XX/XXII 292; pa.t. pi. rested and enjoyed themselves Pr 20, A Pr 20, C Pr 22; diverted themselves XII 24. 3. ~ wip fig. ply, wield like a weapon III 309, C III 462. [OEplegan] pleyere, play ere n. player VI 71, C VIII 160

plizte–porche

G;ossary

particular XX/XXII 31; specific point I 104, A I 102, C I 98; condition, state XIV 280, C XVI 120; in ~ to on the point of, about to XIII 111; pi. of ~ particularly XIII 354. 2. cause V 15, A V 15, C V 117. 3. point, sharp end I 157, CI153. [AF] poyntest v. pr.t.2sg. aim C VIII 296. [AF pointer} poison, poysen n. a potion XVIII 52, C XX 52; deadly drink, poison fig. XV 565, C XVII 232. [AF] poisone v. pr.t. pi. sell tainted or spoiled foodstuffs to III 82, A III 71. [AF poisonner] poke, pouhe n. pouch, bag XIII 216, C IX 343; pi. XIV 246, C XVI 86. [OEpohha and cp. OI poki] pokeful n. sackful VII 197, A VIII 175. [ME] pokep v. pr.t.Bsg. prompts, urges V 611, A VI 97, C VII 263; pa.t.Ssg. V 634, A VI 119, C VII 287. [MDupoken] pokkes n. festering sores, ulcers XX/XXII 98. [OEpocc] pol n. head in phr. ~ by ~ individually XI 58, C XII 10; pi. XX/XXII 86; imprinted heads XIII 246. [MDupol] pole see PULLE. polshe, polesche, pulsshe v. polish V 474, AV248, C VI 328. [AF pollicer] pomade n. a kind of cider ? C XX 409. [AF] pomp n. ostentatious display III 66, XV 79, C XVI 238; fig. XIV 194. [AF pompe} pond(e)fold, punfold n. enclosure for impounded or stray animals, pound V 624, C XVIII 280. [OE pundfald] poole, pole n. pole, staff XVIII 52, C XX 52. [OEpdt] poore see POUERE. pope n. the Pope of Rome II 23, A III 136, C II 247; pi. Ill 128, A III 117, C V 78; as successor to the apostle Peter and head of Christendom Pr 108, XIX/ XXI 223, C P r l 3 5 . [OEpapa] pope holy, popholy adj. sanctimonious XIII 283, CVI37. [ME] popeiay n. parrot C XVI 172. [AF papej'ai] poperib v. pr.t.Bsg. canters, rides at a handgallop A XI 213. [ME: cp. poppen v.] porche n. porch, shaded entrance XVI 225,

oath HI 317, C III 470; pr.t.lsg. pledge, give a solemn undertaking VI 34, A VII 36, C VIII 33; pa.t.Ssg. C II 127; re/7. pa.t.pl. ~ ... togidere(s) formed associations Pr 46, A Pr 46, C Pr 47; pp. indentured V 200, A V 1 1 6 , C VI 208; joined in marriage IX 170, A X 191. [OEplihtan] plihte, pluhte v. pa.t.Ssg. pulled C XII 49, XIX 12. [OEplyccan] plokke see PLUKKED. plommes n. pi. plums C XII 221. [OE plume} plot n. stain, spot XIII 275; pi XIII 274. [OE] plou3, plogh, plow n. 1. plough III 309, A VII 94, C Pr 146; by melon, husbandry C VII 192; fig. VII 124, XIX/ XXI 335, A VIII 106, C VIII 111. 2. fig. team XIX/XXI 266. [OE plog] plou3, plogh v. plough Pr 20, A Pr 20, C Pr22. [fr.prec.] plowman, ploi^man, plouhman, plouheman, plogman n. ploughman V 537, A VI 25, C VII 182; Piers VII 104, A VIII 86; fig. XIX/XXI 260; pi. farmers as a class, the food-producers on whom society depends Pr 119; typified as illiterate but righteous X 466, A XI 310, CXI 292. [ME] plou3pote, plouhpote n. ploughman's staff used to give added thrust to the coulter VI 103, A VII 95, C VIII 64. [ME] plukkedv. pa.t.Ssg. pulled XI 114, XVII 11; pr.subj.sg. pull up V 582, A VI 69, C VII 229; pp. plucked XII 251. [OE pluccian, ploccan] plumtrees, plumtres n. plumtrees V 16, A V 1 6 , C V 1 1 8 . [OE plumtreow] pluralites n. concurrently held benefices A XI 200. [AF] plurela^. plural X 245. [AF] po n. peacock in phr. ~ feet XII 259. [cp. OI pa] pocalips n. Walter Map's Apocalypsis Goliae XIII 91, C XV 98. [cp. AF apocalypse} poesie n. Latin verse XVIII 408, C XX 451. [AF] poete n. writer, author of the ancient past X 178, A XI 130, C X I 303; pi. X 344, XII 148, CXII 174, XIV 92. [AF] point n. 1. detail VI 37, XIII 186, A VII 38, C VIII 35; pi. XVI 133, C XX 43; 161

porche - pourete

Glossary

C XVIII 240. [AF] porcion, porcioun n. allotted share VIII 53, A X 117. [AF] poret, porret n. leeks VI 286, A VII 282; ~ plontes leek seedlings for setting out C VIII 308. [AF] porfirie n. Porphyrius (AD 234-c. 305) C XII 174. pors v. imp.sg. put into (your) purse C XII 165. [MEfr.n.] portatif adj. light in weight I 157, C I 153. [CF] porte n. bearing, demeanour XIII 277, C VI 30. [AF] porter n. keeper of the gate XI 113, C XVI 169; pi. V 619, A VI 105, C VII 271. [AF] porthors«. breviary XV 125. [AF] portours n.pl. porters, bearers C VI 370. [AF] portreye, purtrayen v. depict III 62, C III 66; intr. draw, sketch XVII 172, C XIX 137; fig. ~ wel pe Paternoster recite the Rosary w. devout attention XV 181, C XVI 323. [AF purtrayer] pose v. pr.t.lsg. propose as an instance XVII 299, C XIX 279. [AY poser] possed v. pa.t.3sg. pushed (in rough play) P r l S l . [AF*pusser] possession n. 1. ownership, possession XII 250; possession of property XI 276; of worldly goods XIV 271, C XVI 111. 2. property, material wealth XI 273, XIII 300. 3. coll. endowments, temporal possessions XV 563, C XVII 229; pi. A XI 200. [AF] possessioners n. pi. beneficed pastoral clergy V 145. [AF] posternesw. lesser gates, V 619, A VI 105, C VII 271. [AF] postes n. props, poles XVI 54. [AF post] postles n. 1. apostles C IX 118. 2. itinerant evangelists VI 149. [OE postal] pot, pott(e) n. jar, pot XIII 254, C XV 224. [OEpott] potage n. thick vegetable soup VI 150, C VIII 284; pi. stews, purees XIII 41, C XV 46. [AF] potager n. vegetable cook V 157, C VI 132. [fr.prec.] potelrc. half a gallon V341, A VII 174, C VI 399. [AF] potent(e) n. staff, crosier VIII 98, A IX 88. [AF]

potteful/7. potful C VIII 182. [ME] poudres n. medicinal powders XX/XXII 359. [AF] pouke n. devil X 218, A X 62, C XVIII 50. [OEpuca] poul(e) n. 1. the apostle Paul Pr 38, A Pr 38, C IX 112. 2. one of the desert fathers XV 286, C XVII 13. 3. Poules St Paul's Cathedral XIII 65, C XV 70. pound n. pound weight V215, A V 131, C VI 223; pound (of a substance) V 304, AV155, C XVI 299. [OEpund] pounded v. pa.t.pl. impounded, restricted access to Pr 213, A Pr 86, C Pr 163. [OE gepyndan] poundemele, poundmel(e) adv. by the pound, lavishly II 225, A II 184, C II 235. [ME] poured v. pa.t.Ssg. in phr. ~ togideres mixed surreptitiously V 218, AV134, C VI 226. [CF purer] pous, poues n. pulse XVII 69, C XIX 68. [AF] poustee n. awful violence V 36; pi. violent outbreaks XII 11. [AF] pouere, poore, pore adj. 1. indigent, needy Pr 82, IV 125, A III 70, C IV 115, VII 78; poverty-stricken Pr 84, A Pr 81, C Pr 82; destitute XI 198, A III 273, C IV 122; superl C XVI 161; lacking lay or episcopal support C II 189; not wealthy III 168, VI 41, A II 59, C III 283; sarcastic XV 328. 2. mean, shabby XI 236, C XII 125. 3. in the sense of the First Beatitude poor XIV 100. 4. pathetic, pitiful V 157, A XII 50, C XV 32, 305; sg. as n. poor man XIV 260; gener. (pe) ~ XIII 79, A XI 50, C VIII 144; pi. the needy, the destitute Pr 90, I 175, A I 155, C IV 114, VIII 144; ~ likenesse C XII 132; the state of being poor C XIII 99, XIV 16. [AN povere, pore] pouerer adv. comp. more pitifully XX/XXII 50. [fr. adj.] pouerte, pouert n. 1. indigence, neediness, poverty XI 263, C IX 183; pers. XI 62, C X I I I 1 . 2. scarcity, dearth XI 332, C XIII 140. 3. the virtue poverty, active rejection of worldly values II 80, X 346, C XII 141, 177; fig XII 61, XIV 192; life without possessions XV 208. 4. shabbiness, seediness VIII 121, A IX 111, C X 117. [AF poverte, povert] 162

power - preise(n)

Glossary

preest, prest n. ordained cleric, priest Pr 68, IV 133, A V 8 6 , C VI 135; pi. Ill 150, A III 210, C Pr 118; of the Jewish religion XII 115, C XIV 60; pi. X 286, A XI298, C Pr 116. [OE preost] preesthood, preesthoed, presthode, presthoed n. the body of ordained clergy w. cure of souls XV 95, 568, C XVI 245; pers. XIX/XXI 332. [OE preosthdde] preie(n), prei3e, preeye, praye v. 1. ask earnestly XIII 113, C XV 120; pr.t.lsg. XVI 24, A VII 188, C VIII 7; pa.t.lsg. I 80, A IX 11, C I 7 7 ; Bsg. V 26, A V 1 2 , C V 128; pi. A VII 182; pa.t.Bsg. appealed to V 41, A V 34, C V 140; beseeched V 50, C V 191; ask pr.t.lsg. VI 37, A VII 38, C V 82, VII 297; Bsg. XIII 236, C II 73; pa.t.lsg. XVI 73; Bsg. II 71, VI 196, C XV 191, XX 177; pp. VI 179, A VII 164, C VIII 176; make a plea to C XV 216; pa.t.Bsg. C IV 94; ~ to entreated IV 98, A IV 85; pr.Usg. ask for, beg (of) XX/XXII 245; pa.t.Bsg. XIII 30, C XV 32; pi. XI 247, XIX/XXI 154. 2. make petition to the deity, pray Pr 90, XI 58, C XVII 226; pr.Usg. C XV 210; pi. VI 125, A VII 117, C VIII 131; pr.subj.pl. XIX/XXI 357; pa.subj.sg. C XVII 250; of ritual public prayer V 106, A V 86; pr.t.pl. worship w. prayer XV 504, C XVII 255; intercede I 80, A I 78, C I 77; constitute a plea C IX 280. 3. recite in prayer C III 465. [AF preier] preiere, prayere, preeyere, preeyre, preyour n. 1. request VII 109, X 295, A VIII 91, C II 70; plea II 207, XIX/XXI 307, A II 168, C XX 205. 2. pi. religious supplication, prayer XI 156, C XV 228; fig. plea XVII 298; pi. V 593, C III 275; acts of worship, devotions Pr25, A VIII 161, C V 84. [AF] preynte, printe v. pa.t.Bsg. looked meaningfully, signalled XIII 86, 113, C XV 120; gave a knowing look XVIII 21, CXX19. [OEprincn.] preise(n) v. 1. commend, approve, praise XIV 274; pr.tlsg. C XIII 27; pa.t.Bsg. VI 108, A VII 100; pi. VII 39, C IX 42; recommended X 346; bring credit upon XIII 312; to ~ praiseworthy, commendable XI 388, C XIII 206. 2. prize, hold in esteem V611, XVI 219, A VI 97, C

power, pouer n. \. capacity, capability V 95, XV 61, A VII 36, C VIII 282, IX 17; efficacy X 78, XVI 54, C XI 58; strength XVII 176, C XIX 143; power as a nation XV 598, C XVII 306. 2. divinely conferred spiritual power Pr 100, 109, VII 179, A VIII 157, C Pr 128, 136, VI 256; divinely conferred authority Pr 108, XV 561, XX/XXII 320, C Pr 135; divine power XVI 37. 3. control, mastery, authority to compel III 282, IV 140, A X 62, C XVI 61. 4. power, influence at law II 49, A III 155, C II 52; authorization VI 149. 5. supporters IV 66, A IV 52, C IV 70. [AF pouer inf. as n.] praye n. prey XVIII 311. [AF praie] prayed v. pa.t.pl. ravaged XX/XXII 86. [AF praier] praktisour n. practitioner XVI 107. [CF] prechen v. 1. deliver a sermon, preach (to) Pr 90, V 11, A VIII 122, C XVII 188, 290; pr.t.3sg. Pr 80, A Pr 77, C Pr 78; pi. V 145, C III 278; pa.t.Bsg. Pr 68, A XI 72, C V 114; prp. Pr 59, A Pr 56, C Pr 57; teach by preaching Pr 38, VI 149, A Pr 93, C IX 164; pr.t.Bsg. XIII 80, A IX 83, C XVI 326; pi. V 42, XIII 76, A VIII 16, C XI 205, XV 74; pa.t.Bsg. A III 64; pr.Lpl. exhort III 223, A III 210; preach the faith XV 444, C XVII 188; pr.t.pl. ~ and depraue vilify in sermons V145. [AFprecher]] prechyng ger. preaching V 633, A VI 118, C XVII 17; instruction delivered in sermons IV 122, A IV 107. prechours, precheours, prechares n. pi. preachers XV 95, C XI 205; the priesthood as responsible for teaching faith and morals IV 122, XV 99, C XVI 252, 269; preaching friars XII 19, XV 131, C XVI 278; proclaimers XIII 427, C VII 87. [AF] precious adj. precious, to be treasured XVI 261, C XVIII 277; valuable, efficacious I 152, XIX/XXI 96; rare and wonderful, priceless X 12, A XI 12, C XI 10; costly, expensive C XX 409. [AF] predestinaet pp. predestined for salvation CXI 205. [L] preessep, preseth v. pr.t.Bsg. hurries on urgently XIV 213, C XVI 54; pa.t.Bsg. ~ on influenced XX/XXII 127. [AF presser] 163

preise(n) - pridie

Glossary presumpcion, presumpcioun n. 1. unwarranted assumption, supposition X 56, A XI 42, C XI 37. 2. arrogance, undue self-confidence XI 423, C XIII 230. [AF] presumptuously adv. presumptuously A XII 8. [fr. n.] preuen, prouen v. 1. test, put to the test VIII 125, XV 609, A IX 115, C XVII 317; pp. XIII 214; experienced XIII 182; pr.t.Ssg. appraises, evaluates XII 262; pi. C XII 177; pa.t.Ssg. C XII 141; intr. pa.t.pl. tried C VI 186. 2. put into practice XV 110, C XVI 264; pr.t.Ssg. XIII 80, C XV 87; pr.subj.pl. A IV 107. 3. pr.t.Ssg. turns out, proves to be XVII 158; impers. XIV 271. 4. show XIV 191; pr.t.Ssg. XVII 261, C XIX 227; pi C XII 201; pr.subj.sg. exemplify XIII 133; pi. A V 35; imp.pl V 42, C V 141; pp. IV 122; illustrate C XVIII 59; pr.t.lsg. C XVIII 214. 5. prove (by dialectic or authority) X 56, 350, A XI 42, CXII 174, XV 133; pr.t.lsg. C XV 283; Ssg. C XV 135; pr.subj.sg. C XIII 27; pp. X256, CXI 157; show proof, make a case XIV 109, C XV 285; intr. XI 89, C XII 30. 6. explain, expound, set forth XII 19, XIII 123; pr.t.Ssg. XII 29; enlarge on Pr 38, A Pr 38, C Pr 39. 8. pr.t.Ssg. asserts, pronounces X 341, A XI 229, C XVII 4; pi. C VI 119; pa.t.Ssg. VII 174, C IX 319; declared V 13, AV13, CV115. [Approver] preuete n. hidden purpose C XIII 229; pi. mysteries, hidden councils C XVIII 5. [ AF privete] pride, pruyde n. 1. satanic pride, overweening self-conceit I 127, X 82, A I 116, CI129, XX 346; self-esteem, pride V611, XI 423, A III 57, VI 97, C VI 13, 59; the capital sin of Pride III 66, V 15, A III 57, C XI 56, XII 234; pers. XIV 280, XV 50, C VI 14; fig. XV 189, C XVI 332. 2. vainglory, worldly pomp II 80, X 82, A II 59, C XV 229, XVII 215; ostentatious display Pr 23, VIII 121, A Pr 23, C XVI 258; ~ of parfit lyuynge the sin of pride of life XI 15, 33, CXI 174, 192. [OEpryte] pridie n. Latin term from the liturgy of the mass immediately before the consecration of the host; fig. a City of London parish V312, C VI 367. [L]

VII 263; pr.t.Ssg. XV 156, XX/XXII 149, C VI 45; pi. Ill 134, A III 123, C III 172; pa.t.3sg. XI 254; pi. X 346; pp. C VI 60, X 307. 3. assess the value of, appraise V 323, A V 172, C VI 380; pr.t.lsg. XI 319; 3sg. C XIV 183; pa.t. pi. V 326, A V 175, C VI 384; abs. pr.t.Ssg. expresses critical opinions XV 252. [AF preiser] prelat n. ecclesiastical dignitary XV 491; pi. Ill 215, A VIII 47, C II 185; bishops and archbishops V41, XV 493, A V 34, C Pr 101; princes of the Church XV 562, C XVII 225. [AF] prentice, prentis, prenties n. learnercraftsman, indentured apprentice II 217, A V 1 1 6 , C VI 279; pi. Ill 225, A III 212, C III 280; ~ of lawe law students XIX/XXI231. [AF] prentishode, prentished n. apprenticeship V253, C VI 251. [ME] prescit adj. foreknown C XI 206. [L pp. prescitus] presence n. presence Pr 173, C Pr 190. [AF] present n. gift, present VI 295, XIX/XXI 307, A VII 279, C VIII 317; fig. XVI 260, C XVIII 277; payment in reparation IV 95, A IV 82, CIV 91; pi. ceremonial offerings XII 153, XIX/XXI 96, C XIV 97; gifts of money III 215, A III 202, C III 271; gifts in kind III 162, VI 41, A III 151, C III 200; gifts made to moneylenders in lieu of interest XIII 376; as bribes III 89, A III 78, C III 117. [AF] present adj. publicly seen, conspicuous A II 59. [AF] presented v. pa.t.Ssg. in phr. ~ wij) ritually offered XIX/XXI 92. [AF presenter} preseth see PREESSEI>. pressour n. frame or rack for stretching cloth V211, AV127, C VI 219. [AF] prest adj. eager, quick VI 196, A XII 98, C XVI 62; comp. more willingly attentive, responsive X 295; superl. promptest V551, A VI 38, C VII 195. [AF] prest adv. at once C XX 272. [fr. adj.] prestly adv. promptly VI 93, A VII 85, C III 306; straightaway XIII 35, C XV 40. [fr. adj.] presumen v. 1. pr.t.pl. presume to have, assume C Pr 135; pa.t.pl. Pr 108. [AF presumer]

164

pried - properly

Glossary

82; ~ lettres royal letters closed w. the Privy Seal C IV 189; confidential XX/ XXII 115; private X 100, XII 230. 2. intimate II 23, 64, XIII 206, A III 136, C II 23; superl. particular, special C XVIII 97. [AFprivel pryuees n. in phr. Paulynes ~ parties to suits in the consistory court of St Paul's II 178. [fr. adj.] pryueliche, priueyliche, preueiliche adv. privately, discreetly XX/XXII 108, A III 57; secretly XIII 376, C XVII 172; unobtrusively C XV 149; covertly III 82, A III 71; stealthily XIII 367, XIX/ XXI 300, C XVIII 164; just for himself XIII 56; mysteriously C XVIII 100; for reasons of his own XI 114, C XII 49. [fr. adj.] proched v. pa.t.lsg. pierced, perforated (so as to weaken the warp) V 210. [OE *procian infl. by ME brochen] procuratour n. authorized agent XIX/XXI 258; pi. agents C VII 89. [AF] profession, professioun n. vow or oath of self-dedication I 100, A I 98, C I 97. [AF] profit n. benefit Pr 119, IV 150, C Pr 169, VIII 14; interest, advantage V 200, A V 1 1 6 , C VI 279; profit Pr 59, A Pr 56, C Pr 57; service XIII 237; spiritual benefit XX/XXII 332, C V 101, VIII 7. [AF] profitable adj. advantageous XIII 176, C XV 173; beneficial XIII 76, A XII 98, C X V 8 2 ; helpful VI 275, A VII 259, C VII 192; useful, serviceable XIII 364, C VI 263; expedient XVII 153. [AF] profitep v. pr.t.3sg. in phr. ~ into pursward is financially advantageous C Pr 101. [AFprofiter] profrest v. pr.t. 2 sg. offer (in service) VI 24, A VII 26; 3sg. offers XIII 189; pa.t.3sg. IV 64, XIII 380, A IV 61, C VIII 150; pi. V 556, A VII 279, C VII 200; pr.subj.pl. VI 41, A VII 40, C VIII 39; intr. pa.t.Ssg. C IV 67; pa.t.3sg. held out XIV 49, C XV 247; in challenge VI 153; pr.t.3sg. ~ forj) extends C XIX 118; pa.t.Ssg. C XIX 117. [AFprofrer] properly adv. correctly XIV 275, C XVI 118; in the strict sense XIV 284, C XV 272; w. due modesty C XV 152. [fr. adj.]

pried v. pa.t.lsg. looked intently XVI 168. [cp. OE bepriwan] prikere, prikiere, prikiare, prikeare n. knight 1X8, XVIII 25, A X 8, CX135, XX 24; hard rider X313. [fr. fol] prikep, prikye 1. fig. pr.t.Ssg. pricks, stabs XVII 201; 'pi. C XIX 91. 2. pa.t.Bsg. set spurs to XVII 355, C XIX 335; ride hard C IV 24; pa.t.3sg. II 190, A II 151, C II 204; pp. ridden C V 159; cam ~ came riding hard XVIII 11, C XX 9. 3. pp. afflicted w. pain XX/XXII 86. [OE prician] prime n. in phr. hei3 ~ nine o'clock VI 112, A VII 104, C VIII 119; ~ dayes mid-morning A XII 60. [AF] primer n. literate lay person's devotional manual CV46. [AF] prince n. 1. sovereign XIII 52, XVI 260, All 12, CXI 10; ruler XIX/XXI 223, A VII 109, C XVII 242; pi VII 44, XVIII 264, A VIII 47, C X 16; magnate, grandee XIX/XXI 307, C IX 280; pi. II 80, A XI 298, C II 87. 2. of Christ as a king's son XVI 37, C XIII 3. [AF] principally adv. above all X 474; primarily XIV 195. [AY principal adj.] printe n. imprint, design C XVII 74. [AF print (fr. priendre)] printede v. pa.t.3sg. stamped, impressed C XVII 81. [fr. v.] prioresse n. prioress V 160, C VI 135; uninfl.gen. V 157, C VI 132. [AF] priour, prior n. 1. prior, monk next after the abbot in monastic authority V 171, C V 91. 2. ~ prouincial director of the convents of an order of friars in a designated territory XI 57, C XII 9. [OE prior} pris n. value II 13, XIII 8; importance C XII 26. [AF] pris adj. most notable, outstanding XIX/ XXI 266. [fr. n.] prison, prisoun, presoun n. 1. imprisonment XI 133, XIV 54, C XII 68; prison VIII 104, XV 265, A IX 94, C VII 21; pi. C I V 123. 2. prisoner XV 346, C XX 58; pi. VII 30, C III 175, VII 277. [AF] prisoners n. pi. prisoners III 137, A III 126; fig. the poor and nedy XIV 168, 174. [AF] pryue(e), preuy adj. 1. secret XI 105, XIX/XXI 376, 364, C III 117, XIII 38, 165

prophecie - pure

Glossary psalme, salme n. psalm VI 250, A X 86; pi. XI 314, CIII 465. [L psalmus, AF salme] publice, publische v. imp.sg. make known, divulge XI 105, C XII 39. [AF publiss(publier)] puddyng, poddyng n. sausage XIII 107; pi. XIII 62, C XV 66; ~ ale a more expensive kind of ale V 218, C VI 226. [AF puddin] pues n. enclosed stalls in a church, pews C VI 144. [AFpuie] puffe, poffe v. 1. gasp XIII 88, C XV 95. 2. pp. blown down V 16, A V 16, C V 118. [OEpyffan] pulettes, polettes n. young hens, pullets VI 280, A VII 264, C VIII 302. [AF] pulle, pole v. pull XVI 73; fig. imp.sg. ~ w. pull back, restrain from C IV 23; pa.t. 3sg. dragged, hauled XI 163; pi. II 222, A II 181, C II 232; pa.tJsg. tore VII 119, A VIII 101. [OEpullian] pulte v. thrust, push C X 95; pp. C XI 206. [7OE*pyltan] punfold see PONDFOLD. punge v. thrust VIII 98, A IX 88. [OE pyngan] punysshe(n), punesche v. 1. impose judical punishment (on) II 49, XIV 291, A III 67, C II 52. 2. punish (for moral offences) X 375, XIX/XXI 195, A XI 256. 3. torment, afflict XIV 189. [AF puniss- (punir)] purchace v. 1. acquire, obtain, get IX 79; pa.t.3sg. VII 39; A VIII 3, C IX 42. 2. acquire by payment, buy VII 192, A VIII 170, CIII 32; pr.t.pl. C XII 246; pp. C V77. [&F purchaser] pure, puyr(e) adj. unalloyed, pure C IV 91; w. contextual sense: faultless, unchallengeable XIII 166, A VIII 152, C XV 135; absolute V 254, XIV 193, XV 598, C III 349, XVI 100; mere, simple X470; sheer VI 117, X 74, XVI 18, A VIII 101, C VI 172, XIII 93; entire X 320, C I 97, V 166; genuine XIX/XXI 194; essential XVI 220; emph. deictic very VII 106, A VIII 88, C III 101; comp. more excellent C II 10; superl. finest 119, All 12. [A¥pur] pure adv. wholly XI 276, C III 383, XVII 76; extremely V 404, XV 201, C XV 305; very XI 195, 249, C X 135, XVIII 102. [fr. adj.]

prophecie n. prophecy, scriptural passage considered prophetic XV 326. [AF] prophecied, profecye v. 1. pa.t.3sg. predicted w. divinely inspired foreknowledge XVIII 108; pi. XIX/XXI 16. 2. foretell the future C IX 114. [ME fr. n.] prophete, profete n. author of an OT book of prophecy, prophet XVI 81, C XVIII 112; pi. XIX/XXI 145; of other OT writers III 261, XI 94, A III 221, C III 428; of Christ XV 588, XIX 48; fig. pi. Christians resolute in the hope of salvation C XII 201; person claiming the gift of prophecy C IX 212. [AF] prop re adj. 1. distinct, individual X 245; distinctive, unusual C XVIII 100; particular XVI 54. 2. correct, fitting VII 153, XVI 185, C IX 302; of the right sort, appropriate XIII 52, CXV63. [AF] proud, prout adj. 1. arrogant, proud III 179, A X 8, C III 225; as a name ~ herte V 62, A V 45, C VI 3; conceited XIII 277, C VI 46, 304; intellectually arrogant X 73, A XI 59, C XI 53; insolent, unruly XX/XXII218. 2. splendid, magnificent XII 240, A II 41, C XIV 172. 3. gratified, elated VI 197, XIII 59, A VII 184, C XVI 299. [LOE prud] prouendre n. 1. fodder XIII 243. 2. ecclesiastical stipend, prebend XIII 245; pi. C III 32. 3. pi. holders of prebends, prebendaries III 150. [AF provendre] prouendreth v. pr.t.Ssg. obtains prebendaries for C III 188. [AF provendrer] prouendrours n. holders of prebends, prebendaries A III 139. [fr. n.] prouerbe n. parable C XVII 51; pi. maxims C VIII 263; supporting statements C XII 172. [AF] prouince n. diocese, area of jurisdiction XV 571, C XVII 284; pi. XV 609. [AF] prouincials n. gen. of a director of a province of an order of friars VII 197, A VIII 175, C IX 343. [AF provincial] prouysour n. holder of a papal provision to a benefice IV 133, A IV 116, C IV 130; pi. II 171, A II 135, C II 185. [AF provisour] prowor, prowour n. overseer, deputy XIX/XXI 260. [AF provour, provor] prucelond, pruyslond n. Prussia XIII 392, C VI 279.

166

Glossary

pured - quenche 176, C XV 173; pp. XI 419, C XIII 227. 2. place, put III 84, A III 73, C III 470; pr.Usg. XII 227; pa.t.lsg. V211, A V 127, C VI 219; Ssg. Ill 234, VI 197, A III 221, C Pr 172; pi C II 247; pp. II 207, A II 168, C XIII 8. 3. set X 325, A IX 95, C V 171; pr.t.Ssg. XIV 272, C XVI 112; pa.t.lsg. X 178, A XI 130, C XI 118; Ssg. CVII 192; pp. XIII 35, C XV 40; appointed XIV 291, C XVI 126; apply XIX/XXI 67; pa.t.pl. Pr 20, A Pr 20, C Pr 22; pa.t.pl devoted Pr 23, A Pr 23, C Pr 25; in phr. ~ bifore gave precedence to XI 254, C XII 141; ~ bihynde disregarded XIV 208, C XVI 49; ~ forb advance II 49, VIII 125, A IX 115, C II 52; offer X 56, A XI 42, C XI 37; extends XVII 156; ~ in committed to Pr25, A P r 2 5 , CPr27; ~ lowe subdued XI 62, C XII 14; -of dismiss XIV 191, C XVI 122; ~ out displayed I 127, A I 116; ~ vp submitted IV 47, A IV 34, C IV 45; ~ hym forp/~ forb his heed came forward IV 78, V537, XVIII 40, A VI 25, CVII 182, XX 39. [OE: cp. potion, *putian\

pured pp. refined IV 95, A IV 82. [AF purer} pureliche, puyr(e)liche adv. thoroughly X 319; merely XIII 196; entirely, totally XIII 259, XVI 51, C XV 229; essentially, truly XVII 176, C XVIII 233, XIX 141. [fr. adj.] purfil(l), purfyel, porfiel n. fur trimmings, furs IV 116, V 26, A V 26, C I V 111. [AF] purflled pp. wearing clothes richly trimmed II 9, A II 9, C II 10. [prob. ME from prec. but cp. CF porfiler] purgatorie, purcatorie n. purgatory II 104, VI 44, A VIII 11, C VII 117; time in purgatory VII 106, A VIII 88; C IX 186; ~ on erthe a life of suffering devoted to God C XV 92. [AF] purgen v. fig. cleanse as by an emetic XV 567, C XVII 232. [AF purger] purpos n. proposition advanced in argument VIII 125, X 119, A IX 115, C X 121. [AF] purs, pors n. purse, money bag V 191, XIII 300, A V 110, C VI 266; pi. XX/ XXII 219. [OE] pursue)) v. 1. pr.t.Ssg. attends upon, accompanies XI 186; pa.t.Ssg. XI 15, C XI 174; pr.t.Ssg. follows (in imitation) XIX/XXI 430; seeks after III 241; intr. pa.t.Ssg. went in pursuit XIX/XXI 163. 2. pa.t.lsg. tried, strove A V 75; 3sg. C XVII 167; imp.sg. XII 242, C XIV 174; pp. V 95. 3. pa.t.Ssg. attacked XI 62, C XII 14. 4. pr.t.Ssg. brings suit XVII 308. 5. pa.t.pl. plotted against C XVIII 164. [AF pursuer] pursward adv. in tautological phr. into ~ financially C Pr 101. [ME] purtinaunces, purtenaunce appurtenances n. property or easement incidental or adjunct to a principal one fig. II 104, A II 68, C II 111; fig. related sins C XVI 332. [AF purtinance] purueie v. provide XIV 29; pa.t.Ssg. made provision V 167. [AF purveier] put n. abyss X 375, A XI 256; fig. dungeon XIV 174; pi. V 405, C IX 72. [OE pytt] putourrc. lecher C VI 172. [AF] putrie n. lechery, sexual adventures C VI 186. [AF] putte(n), pute(n) v. 1. push, thrust VI 103, A VII 95, C XV 234; pa.t.Ssg. XIII

Q quake v. shiver X 60, A XI 46, C XI 40; tremble XX/XXII 200; pa.t. S sg. quaked XVIII 248, C XX 63, 257. [OE cwacian] quantite n. in adv. phr. a ~ appreciably XIX/XXI 374. [AF] quarter n. 1. one fourth, a quarter A V 131, C VI 223. 2. pi. dry measures of eight bushels IV 58, A IV 45, C IV 61. [AF] quartron n. one fourth V215. [AF] quaued v. pa.t. S sg. shook XVIII 61. [? OE *cwafan] queed n. wickedness, sin XIV 190. [OE cwead, cwed] queynte adj. 1. dishonest, underhand C XIX 236. 2. notorious C IV 161. 3. comp. more elegantly dressed A II 14. [AF] queyntely adv. ingeniously XIX/XXI 347. [fr. adj.] queyntise n. deceptive trickery XVIII 275, XIX/XXI 351, C XX 297. [AF] quelt/7/x dead XVI 114. [OE cwellan] quenche v. fig. extinguish XVII 205, C XIX 171; pr.t. S sg. XVII 259, 274, C 167

quenche - rape

Glossary

XIX 225; pi. XVII 348, C XIX 328; pp. overcome XVIII 346, C XX 391. [cp. OE dcwencan] quen(e), queene «.(!) queen XIII 169, A II 14, C VIII 46. [OE cwen] quene n.(T) ordinary woman C VIII 46. [OE cwene] queste n. trial, by jury or inquest XX/XXII 162; pi. C X I 20; panel of jurors of the consistory court of St Paul's C II 113. [AF] questions n. theological problems X 72, A XI 58, CXI 52. [AF] quiete n. in adv. phr. in ~ at rest I 123. [AF] quik
tions XX/XXII 83. [ME] ragamoffyn n. a grandson of Belial C XX 281. ragerc. fit of anger C XIII 129. [AF] rageman, ragman n. 1. false accuser XVI 89, C XVIII 121. 2. impressive-looking document of dubious validity Pr 75, A Pr 72, C Pr 73. [AL ragemannus and cp. OSc *rogsmannr] raggede adj. tattered, ragged XI 34, C XVI 351; rough, ill-shaped A X 124. [ME fr. ragge n.] ray adj. of striped fabric A III 271. [fr. n.] rayes n. striped fabrics V 209, A V 125, C VI 217. [AFraie] raik, reik «. way Pr201, CPr219. [cp. OI reik] raike v. go IV 190, A IV 153. [cp. OI reika] rayme v. acquire C XIII 96. [AF raimbre] raise, reisen v. summon, call up X218, A XI 161. [cp. Olreisa] rakiere, rakeare n. street-cleaner V 314, AV164, C VI 371. [MEcp. OE raca] randolf n. man's name, Randolph A II 75; ~ Erl of Chestre thirteenth-century folk hero V395, C VII 11. ransake v. seek out C XVIII 121. [cp. OI rannsaka] raperc. haste V 325, A V 1 7 4 , C VI 383. [fr. v.] rapeliche, rappliche, raply adv. swiftly XVI 273, C XIX 50. [cp. OI hrapaliga] rapip v. refl. pr.t.3sg. hastens A IV 23; pa.tJsg. XVII 82, C XIX 79; pr.subj.pl. VI 118, A VII 110, C VIII 125; imp.sg. IV 7, A IV 7, C VII 8. [cp. OI hrapa] rappen v. intr. in phr. ~ doun keep order by force I 95, A I 93, C I 91. [fr. ME rappe n.] rape adv. in phr. late and/ne ~ at any time, ever III 73, A III 55; hope late and ~ always IX 13, A X 13, C X 140; comp. sooner, earlier VIII 75, A IX 66, C XI 258; earlier on XIII 85; more quickly, easily X 463, A XI 307; more readily XIV 210, C VIII 44, 1X123; as emph. advers. sooner, rather, preferably IV 4, 5, A IV 4, C I 143, XIII 186; as int. all the more C IX 134; indeed C X 54; pe ~ more particularly C Pr 117; immediately V 260, VIII 34, A IX 30, C VIII 125; especially XV 81, C XVI 240;

R raap see REPE; rad, radde see REDE(N). radegundes, radegoundes n. skin infec-

168

rabe - recordare

Glossary

C XIII 236; pi. C III 388; pa.subj.pl. XI 73, C XII 21; w. refl. pron. obj. imp.sg. concern, trouble XI 34, C XI 193, XII 4; pr.t.Bsg. ~ of sets store by, values XV 177, C XVI 318; takes account of, cares (about) XVIII 2, C XX 2; is concerned XIX/XXI 448; pr.subj.sg. VI 120, A VII 112, C VIII 127; imp.sg. C IV 34; pi. C IX 101; impers. pr.t.sg. XI 429. [OE reccan] recchelees, reccheles, recheles adj. 1. beyond caring XVIII 2, C XX 2. 2. heedless of the claustral rule A X 106. 3. pers. as n. imprudence, irresponsibility A X51. [OEreceleas] recchelesly adv. irresponsibly, heedless of consequences XI 130, C XIII 154. [OE receleaslice] receyue v. 1. take in the hand XVII 180, C XIX 154; take in, receive XIX/XXI 259, C V 64; pr.t.Bsg. A VIII 60; pa.t.Bsg. C VI 300; pp. accept C XVII 201; admit (to office) CIV 196; pr.t.Bsg. harbours C III 500; pp. regarded favourably C VIII 44; regarded XV 540. [AF receiver] recetteth v. pr.t.Bsg. gives protection to, abets C III 500. [AF recetter] rechelesnesse n. act of folly, rash action, act of folly CX215, XII 69; pers. heedless frivolity XI 34, C XI 193, XII 4; wayward theological notions, disrespect for orthodox moral teaching C XI 197; disrespect for religious institutions and learning C XIII 129. [OE receleasness] reche(n) v. 1. reach, get at/to XI 362; reach out to, touch XVII 193, C XIX 145; pr.t.pl. XVII 180. 2. pa.t.Bsg. laid hands on, acquired Pr 75, A Pr 72, C Pr 73; pa.subj. took hold of, grasped VIII 34, A IX 30. 3. extend, suffice XIV 231, C XVI 72. 4. imp.sg. give C XX 281. 5. intr. pa.t.Bsg. spread his arms IV 185, A IV 148, C IV 179. [OE mean] reclused/?/>. shut up, confined C IV 116. [AF reclus pp. (redore)] recomendeb v. pr.t.Bsg. commends, extols XV 233, C XVI 358. [AF recommender] reconforted pp. encouraged, heartened V 280. [AF reconforter] record n. support, testimony XV 87; attestation C III 344. [AF] recordare v. pr.t.pi. by synec. devote themselves to prayer IV 120. [L imp. sg.

superl. first, most quickly C XII 223; most readily, easily XIV 204, C IX 148; fig. fastest XV 228, C XVI 353. [OE hrafye] raton, ratoun n. rat Pr 158, C Pr 184; pi. Pr 146, C Pr 192. [AF ratoun] ratoner n. ratcatcher V314, A V 164, C VI 371. [fr.prec.] rattesn. rats Pr201. [OE net, AF rat] rau3te see RECHEN. raunsone v. pr.t.lsg. release as if by payment of ransom XVIII 349, C XX 395; pp. delivered from punishment XVII 307; redeemed X 426. [AF ransoner] raunsoun n. payment of ransom XVIII 352. [AF] raued v. (1) wandered aimlessly about XV 10. [cp. OI rdfa] rauenours n. persons who acquire wealth by violence C XVII 43, 47. [AF ravener adj.] rauestow v. pr.t. 2 sg. are you out of your mind? XVIII 188, C XX 193. [AF rever] rauysshed v. pa.t.Bsg. raided, plundered XIX/XXI 52; w. double modification abducted IV 49, A IV 36, C IV 47; in phr. ~ ... Margrete of hir maydenede raped Margaret IV 49-50, A IV 36-37, C IV 47-48; pp. seduced X 463, A XI 307; pa.t.3sg. enraptured II 17, C II 16; pp. transported XI 7, C XI 166. [AF raviss- (ravir)] raxed v. pa.t.Bsg. stretched V391, C VII 7. [OE rdcsan] raxled v. pa.t.Bsg. stretched repeatedly C VII 7. [ME fr.prec.] reaume, reame, reume, rewme, reme n. kingdom, realm Pr 177, A III 142, C V 74; pi. Ill 285, A III 261, C IV 180; fig. A X 134; regions 195, C X 105. [AF] reautee, realte, ryalte n. rank and power X340, A XI 228, C XVI 51. [AF] rebuken v. 1. check, correct by reproof XI 131, C Pr 110; pr. subj. sg. C XIII 236; pr.t.Bsg. reproves, reprimands C XX 352; pa.t.Bsg. V 364; reproached XI 373; imp.sg. C V 82; pp. despised, discredited XX/XXII 63; reviled XIV 162, C XVI 15. [AF rebuker] rebukynge ger. in adv. phr. a ~ reproachfully XII 218. [fr. v.] recche v. be concerned, concern (one)self, care IV 33, A IV 51, C IV 69; pr.t.Bsg. 169

recordare - reherce

Glossary

of recorder, 'have in mind'] recorden v. 1. commit to memory XV 612, C XVII 320; pr.subj.sg. bring to mind, recall XVIII 330, C XX 373. 2. declare (in judgement) C III 471; pr.Usg. XVIII 199, C XX 204; pa.t.Ssg. IV 172; pi. expressed the view IV 157, C IV 151; intr. sit in judgement, adjudicate C IV 29. [AF recorder] recouere, rekeuere v. 1. regain, get back XVIII 352, XIX/XXI 245. 2. intr. pa.t. 3sg. returned to life XIX/XXI 161. [AF recoverer] recouerer n. medical treatment XVII 70, C XIX 69. [AFinf. as n.] recrayed, recrei3ede pp. abject, wretched III 259, A III 238. [AF recreire] recreaunt adj. defeated XVIII 100, C XX 103. [AF recreant] rect adj. fig. regulated (as if in a grammatical relation of concord or syntactical government) C III 334; concordant, in accordance w. custom C III 367. [AF rect] redels n. conundrum, riddling statement XIII 167; pi. XIII 184. [OE nedels] rede(n) v. 1. advise, counsel IV 9, A IV 27, CIV 9; pr.t.lsg. I 175, A VIII 165, CV102; pa.t.Ssg. V45, AV103, C V 125; pi. IV 110, A IV 97, C IV 105; pr.subj.sg. IV 5, A IV 5, C IV 5; imp.sg. IV 113, A IV 100, C IV 108; intr. pr.t.lsg. A II 32; pa.t.Ssg. urged C VII 119; pp. A V 178. 2. explain, interpret, solve XIII 184; pr.t.pl. teach A XII 22; intr. imp.sg. A XII 30; translate XIII 73; prepare, cast up V427, C VII 40; reckon, calculate C V 64. 3. read Pr 195, A VIII 89, C VII 31; pr.t.Bsg. C III 407; pa.t.2 sg. A III 238; 3sg. Ill 338, C III 490; pr.subj.sg. XIV 105, CXV 280; pp. C III 498; come upon when reading A XI 221; read out II 71, C I I 7 3 ; intone XI 314, XV 225, C XIII 126, XVI 350; pr.t.pl. XV 388, C XVII 120. 4. relate, describe XI 102, C II 14; tell XII 49; put into words XV 539. [OE redan, redan] redy adj. willing and able IV 192, A IV 155; eagerly disposed V 132; alert XVI 79, C XVIII 110. [OE rede] redily adv. easily, quickly IV 190, A IV 153, C IV 184; clearly, expressly XVII 157; assuredly, beyond doubt V 126, A

V 103, C VI 91; truly, indeed C VI 253, 286. [fr. adj.] redyng ger. reading VII 88. redyngkyng n. foreman scavenger responsible for rubbish clearance in a borough ward V315, A V 1 6 5 , C VI 372; pi. C II 115. [cp. OE hredding(e), hreddan] reed, red(e) n. counsel, advice VIII 109, A IX 99, C IV 29. [OE red} reed, red(e) adj. red II 12, A X 123, C II 13; of gold II 16, C XVII 200. [OE read] reedes, redes n. sticks XVIII 50, C XX 50. [OEhreod] refuse v. reject XVII 180, C III 367, XVII 43; pa.t.pl. turn away from XI 334, C XIII 142; pr.t.pl. refuse a beggar alms by turning away XIII 424, C VII 84; pa.t.Ssg. forsook C XIII 231; pa.t.pl. excluded from office C V 78; abs. pr.t. Isg. decline, reject XV 31, C XVI 191. [AF refuser] registre n. 1. record-book, register V 272; in J>e ~ numerically controlled by records of enlistment XX/XXI271. 2. pi. books of history C XI 272. [AF] registrer n. 1. officer in charge of accounts XIX/XXI 259. 2. pi. senior clerks of ecclesiastical courts II 174. [cp. AF registrer v.] regne v. 1. rule Pr 113, C Pr 140; pa.t. 3sg. XX/XXII 64; pr.subj.sg. IV 177, C IV 171. 2. be supreme III 285, A III 261, C III 438; pr.t.lsg. C XIII 185; pr.Usg. prevails XVIII 228, C XX 237; pa.t.Ssg. established his reign XIX/ XXI 52; pr.t.3sg. is in control, governs XIV 205, C XVI 122; pr.t.pl. are dominant XII 241, CXI V I 7 3 ; pr.Usg. is powerful C I 1 1 7 ; ~wij> shares power, control w. II 54, A II 33; pr.t.Bsg. is of paramount virtue C X 24. 3. go unchecked C IX 257; pr.t.Bsg. is rife XIV 216, XIX/XXI 418, C XVI 57. [AF regner] regrater, regratour n. retailer, retail merchant V 224, A V 140, C VI 232; pi. Ill 90, A III 79, CIII 113. [AF] regratrie n. retail selling III 83, A III 72, C III 82. [AF regraterie] reherce, reherse v. 1. list, enumerate VII 196, A VIII 174, C IX 342; pp. XI 393. 2. pp. instructed XI 415, C XIII 223. 3. pa.t.3sg. repeated V 60, A V 43, C VI 1; imp.sg. 122, A I 22, C I 22; pp. XIII

170

Glossary

reherce - reninde relyede v. pa.t.Bsg. took heart XX/XXII 148. [AFrelier] religion, religioun n. 1. coll persons bound by vow to a religious order, communities of religious V45, A V 3 7 , VIII 35, C III 203; men of ~ XX/XXII 264; the clerical estate X 77, C XI 57. 2. religious order A X 106. 3. way of life of a religious VI 151, VIII 91, A XI 202, C V 150; the monastic life X 299, XIII 285, A XI 205, C IX 222; pers. X311, A XI 211. [AF] religious n. member of a religious community XII 35; pi. X 297, 318, C V 147; religious houses IV 125, XV 342. [AF] religiouse adj. belonging to religious orders IV 120, C IV 116. [AF religious] relyk n. object of religious veneration C XX 472; pi. relics XIX/XXI 423. [AF relike] reined v. pa.t.Bsg. yawned noisily V 391, C VII 7; prp. yelling in fear XVIII 100, C XX 103. [OEhreman] remembraunce n. consideration of past experience, reflection C V 11. [AF] remenaunt, remenant n. in phr. be ~ what remains XX/XXII 292; what is outstanding XVII 242, C XIX 208; the rest, the others XI 114, XIX/XXI 448, C XII 49; be residue and be ~ the value of an estate after payment of all charges against it V 459, A VII 92, C VIII 109. [AF] remission, remissioun n. 1. remission of the temporal punishment for sin VI 90, A VII 82, C VIII 99. 2. forgiveness of sin A XI 285, CIII 358. [AF] renable adj. plausible and fluent Pr 158. [AF] renaboute adj. vagrant VI 148. [ME] rende v. pr.t.3 pi tear up Pr 199; imp.sg. tear IV 186, A IV 149. [OE rendan] rendren v. 1. recite, repeat (what was learned by heart) XV 612, C XVII 320; pa.t.lsg. V209, A V 1 2 5 , C VI 217. 2. pp. translated VIII 91, A IX 82, C X 88. [AF rendre] reneye, renoye v. renounce XI 125, C XII 60; intr. make the denial XI 126, C XII 61; pp. renegade XI 130, C XII 65. [AF reneier] reninde v. prp. in expr. ~ on leading to, developing into in preparation for C III 334. [OE renian]

72. 4. imp.sg. reveal V 182, C VI 64. 5. speak formally CIV 150; pa.t.3sg. Pr 184, A IV 134, C P r 2 0 1 ; proclaim C XII 36; pr.t.3sg. X 299; pa.t.3sg. A IV 145; pr.subj.sg. VII 205, A VIII 183, C 1X351. [AFrehercer] reigne see REGNE. reyn, rayne n. rain III 208, XVII 325, A III 195, C XV 266, XIX 319; fig. tears of contrition XII 60, C XIV 24. [OE regn] reynald, raynald n. Reynold II 111, A IV 36, CII 115. reyne v. impers. pr.subj. rain X 318; w. pleonastic subj. pr.t.Ssg. XVII 339, C XIX 319. [OEregnian] See RYNE. reioisse, reioysen v. refl. take pleasure in XV 537, C XVII 198. [AF rejoiss(rejoir)] rekene, rekne, rikene v. 1. enumerate I 22, A I 22, C I 22; count, number II 62, C XVII 25; set forth, recite C XIII 35. 2. hold an accounting IV 177, C IV 171; hold an audit XIV 106, C XV 281; account for XIV 211, C XVI 52; be answerable C XI 297; pr.subj.sg. settle accounts V271. [OE recenian] rekenyng, rykenynge ger. accounting XIV 108; statement of accounts V 420; balance sheet V 427, C VII 40; yeue a ~ answer, be accountable V 293, C VI 348. rekke see RECCHE. rekne adj. noble, glorious A XII 113. [OE recen] relacion, relacoun n. grammatical relationship fig. C III 342; pi. C III 333. [AF] relatif n. in phr. ~ rect a correctly inflected relative pronoun fig. of moral excellence C III 355; pi. ~ indirect fig. C III 388. [AF] rele v. wind yarn or thread on a reel C IX 81. [fr. n. (OE hreotj] relees, reles n. unqualified forgiveness of sins VI 90, A VII 82, C VIII 99. [AF] relessed, relesed pp. remitted III 58, C III 62. [AF relesser] releue v. 1. provide for VII 33, A VIII 35, C XVI 317. 2. bring deliverance to XV 603, C XVII 311; improve the lot of C XIII 70. 3. raise up XVIII 141, C XX 144; pa.t.pl. exalted C XIII 21; restore XVIII 345; restore to life C XX 390. [AF relever]

171

renk - reson

Glossary

renkn. man V 392, XIV 106, C X 24; pi VII 187, A IV 134, C IX 333; person Pr 197; pi people C XVI 22; human beings C XIII 191; fig. souls XVIII 278, XX 300. [OErinc] renne(n), yerne 3erne v. 1. run XVI 273, C XVIII 289; pr.t.pl C II 196; prp. XVIII 165, C XX 168; running free, at large XV 461; pa.t.Bsg. came running Pr 146, C Pr 167; moved ceaselessly II 62, CII64; hastened V 60, A V 43, C VI 1, XV 150; fig. hasten back XV 188; pr.t.Bsg. C XVI 331; pa.t.lsg. passed swiftly XI 60, C XII 12; pp. betaken himself VIII 91, A IX 82, C X 88. 2. pr.t.Bsg. rides hard, gallops IV 14, A IV 14; carry messages as courier or galloper III 214, C III 270; fig. travel swiftly XV 226, C XVI 351. 3. pa.t.pl. welled up XVI 136, C XVIII 163; prp. streaming XIX/XXI 378. 4. pr.t.Ssg. extends XX/XXII381. 5. inphr. -aboute be on the run XI 130, C XII 65; gad about A X 110; pr.t.pl. A X 105; pa.t.lsg. led an aimless life V 439; ~ in arerage fall behind w. rent and dues XI 129; imp.sg. ~ ferper stray abroad XII 35. [OE rinnan, irnan, yrnan and cp. OI renna] renneren. gadabout X311, A XI 211; pi. ~ aboute A XI 202; pi. Rome ~ papal agents carrying revenues to Rome IV 128, A IV 111, CIV 125. [fr. v.] renoun n. repute, renown Pr 158, C Pr 178. [AF] rental n. rent-roll fig. VI 90, A VII 82, C VIII 99. [AF] rente n. 1. property that yields income C III 323; pi III 83, A XI 15, C V 73. 2. pi. income from property X 15, A XI 228, C XVI 317; ironic XIV 231, C XVI 72. 3. house rent C IX 73. [AF] repaest n. meal C IX 148. [CF repast} rentenv. endow VII 33, A VIII 35, C IX 36; pp. wel ~ having a good income from property C X 265. [AF renter} repe v. harvest w. a sickle, reap C V 15; pa.t.lsg. XIII 373, C VI 270; pi XIII 373, C VI 270. [OE *repan} repentaunce n. sorrow for sin, contrition XVII 304, C XIX 284; pers. V 60, A V 103, C VI 12; compunction, sense of guilt CX215. [AF] repente v. 1. experience contrition for sin and a resolve to amendment XVII 303, C

X52; pr.t.2sg. V441, C VII 55; pi XII 83, C XIX 205; pa.t.2sg. V 230, C VI 234; pi XIX/XXI 368; pr.subj.sg. V 260, C IX 237; pi XIX/XXI 441; imp.sg. V 182, CVI164; refl. pr.t.pl V 504, C VII 149; imp.sg. C VI 12. 2. pr.t.Bsg. ~ rapest is the more aggrieved V 334, A V 183, C VI 392. [AF repenter} repreue v. 1. accuse CV172. 2. pr.t.Bsg. rebukes X 267. 3. pr.t.Bsg. refutes XVIII 149, C XX 152. 4. pr.t.3sg. condemns C III 386. 5. pa.t.pl. rejected, dismissed XII 136, C XIV 81. [AF reprover} rerages n. failures to repay loans or mortgage by the agreed day V 243. [ME arrerage} rescetour n. harbourer, abettor C III 500. [AF recettour} resemblebv. I . pr.t.Ssg. is similar to XVI 214. 2. pp. likened to XII 267, C XIV 187. [AF resembler} residues, residual estate C XII216. [AF] reson, resoun, resoen n. 1. the rational faculty XV 65, A X 57, C XVI 177, 188; the principle of rationality XV 52, C XVI 214; intelligence XV 513, XVII 157, C III 325; common sense Pr 167, XII 170, A VIII 152, C XIX 154, 323; konne(p) ~ have intelligence XV 476, XIX 26, C XXI 26; ~ bereb witnesse it stands to reason XI 269, C XII 154. 2. a divinely instituted natural order of existence XI 372, XII 104, XVIII 199, CXI 97, XIII 191; natural justice XIV 109, XVII 263, CIII 294, 386; pers. X 116; by/in/byfore ~ in order, systematically I 22, A I 22, C XIII 35; out of ~ immoderate(ly), to excess I 25, II 85, A I 25, C II 92, C VI 435; unduly V 36; beyond the natural course C XIII 154; pers. the natural order of things XII 218, C XIII 229; pers. conduct according w. the principle of natural order I 54, XI 335, 373, A I 52, C XIII 143. 3. the divinely instituted principle of right, equity, absolute justice XVII 258, XVIII 278, C XX 300; pers. Ill 285, IV 44, A III 261, C III 438, IV 29, 134, 171; justice, just law XI 126, XVII 307, XVIII 334, C III 446, XX 395; pers. IV 153, 157, XVIII 330, A IV 100, 117, C IV 150, 184; pers. equity, fairness C III

172

reson - reuers

Glossary

restituer] restore v. revive, restore to vigour XI 262, C XII 148. [AF restorer] resurexion, resureccio(u)n, resureccoun n. rising from the dead, resurrection XI 207, C XVIII 162. [AF] retenaunce v. band of retainers and hangers-on II 54, AII 33, C II 57. [AF] retorikrc. verse XI 102, C XII 36. [AF retorike] retribucoun n. reward, recompense C III 338. [AF retribution] reule n. space between bed and wall C IX 79. [AF ruele path, road] reue n. 1. farm manager, steward of an estate II 111, XIX/XXI 460, A II 75, C VII 33; as administrator of an estate C XII 216; pi. X 477; fig. XIX/XXI 258; pi. C II 183. 2. king's officer of a district, magistrate C III 309. [OE refa] reue v. 1. take by violence XIV 132, XVI 89, C XVI 1; pr.subj.sg. deprives of XVIII 277, C XX 299; imp.pl take from C IV 180; deprive C XX 308; pa.t.3sg. CIII 327. [OEreafian] reuel n. revelry: fig. a great house dedicated to pleasure XX/XXII 181; pi. festivities XIII 441, C VII 101. [AF] reueled pp. wrinkled, rivelled C X 265. [OE rufelede] reuerence n. 1. piety, reverence, veneration XII 119; pi. expressions of respect C IX 192, XVII 43; obsequious behaviour XIV 205, C XVI 46. [AF] reuerencen, reuerense v. 1. show respect for, bow to XV 5; pr.t.Ssg. C IX 123; pa.t.lsg. XI 440; 3sg. XVIII 173, C XX 176; pi. C XV 28; pr.t.pl. respect, honour XV 81, C XIV 181; pa.t.pl. XX/XXII 59; pp. XII 263, C XI 19. 2. worship, do reverence to XVII 282, C XX 249; pa.t.3sg. C XVIII 242; pi. XIX/XXI 73; pr.subj.pl. XVIII 259, C XX 267; imp.pl. XVIII 427; C XX 470; pp. XV 540, C XVII 201. [ME] reuerentliche adv. respectfully XVIII 420, C XX 463; in a manner commanding reverence C V 114; comp. in a place of greater honour C VIII 44. [fr. AF reverent ad).] reueris, reuares n. brigands XIV 182, C XIII 58. [QEreafere] reuers n. opposite C XII 210. [AF revers]

309, XIII 35; by ~ justly, equitably I 94, A I 92, C I 90; ayeins ~ dishonestly, unlawfully III 92, A III 81; fig. XIX 83. 4. pers. the rational faculty as regulator of instinctive or emotional responses to issues of morality XIII 166; pers. IV 5, 7,25, 108, A IV 5, 7, C V 6, 11; pers. the divinely imprinted faculty for interpreting an individual person's obligations to the deity V l l , 59, C III 146, V 5, 6, 112, 125. 5. cause, reason inphr. ageyn ~ without good ground VI 316. 6. discourse XIV 311, C XVI 145; proposal Pr 175, C Pr 192; argument X 55, A XI 41, C X I 36; case II 49, C II 52. [AF] resonable adj. 1. due, fitting XIII 285, C III 367. 2. wise, prudent C VI 33. 3. systematic, well presented C XIII 35. 4. persuasively eloquent CPrl78. [AF] resonably, resonableliche adv. rightly, in accordance w. the principle of charity XIV 103, C XV 278; fairly, honestly C XII 17. [fr. adj.] resoun v. exercise the rational faculty, think logically C XIV 49. [AF resaner] reste/i 1. sleep Pr 197, CPr217; i n . . . ~ asleep XII 151, C XIV 95; yede to ~ set V 360, A V 2 0 2 , C VI 418. 2. leisure XVIII 210, C XX 219; ease and comfort X 15, XIV 156, A II 138, C XV 231. 3. the peace of the afterlife VII 80, C XX 224; spiritual peace C X 54. 4. abode IX 57; safety XX/XXII 45. [OE rest] reste(n)v. 1. sleep XVII 339, C XIX 319; recover from effort, rest Pr 7, A Pr 7; refl.pa.t.lsg. XVIII 6; imp.sg. IV 16, A IV 16, C IV 16; pr.t.Ssg. takes his case C IX 144. 2. pause C XIII 34; pr.subj. pi. XVIII 165, C XX 168; imp.sg. X 164, A XI 116, C X I 106. 3. be inactive C VI 126; pr.t.lsg. V 151; paA.pl XI 338, C XIII 146; pr.tJsg. is quiet Pr 171, C Pr 188. 4. remain, stay IV 108, 192, A IV 95, C XIII 231; dwell III 236, A X 78. [OE restart] restitucion, restitucioun, restiticioun n. reparation, restoration of ill-gotten gains as an essential part of a valid confession V 230, XVII 239, 319, C VI 237, 295. [AF] restitue, restitute v. make restitution V 275, C XII 17; pr.t.pl C X 54. [AF 173

reward - 031

Glossary

rewards notice, note XVII 270, C IV 40. [AF] rewarde(n) v. 1. reward XII 209, C XIV 148; prp. C III 309; pp. Pr 127, C Pr 151. 2. award, XIV 148; pr.t.Bsg. C V 32; pa.t.3sg. XIV 156; grant III 318. 3. punish XI 134, C XII 69. 3. pr.t.pl. take thought for, are solicitous about XIV 168; pa.t.Bsg. cared for XI 370; pr subj.pl. XIV 145. [AF rewarder] rewe n. row of houses in a street C III 107; by ~ in due order C I 22. [OE r<ew] rewe v. 1. regret XVI 142. 2. refl. pr. subj.sg. but hym ~ without being moved to compassion XVIII 395, C XX 438. 3. imp.sg. ~ on be merciful to V 467, A V 241, C VI 321. [OEhreowan] rewful, rufol adj. compassionate XIV 148; wretched, pathetic C VI 237. [ME] rewfulliche, rufulliche adv. 1. pathetically XII 47. 2. piteously XVI 78; w. compassion for others XIV 152. 3. w. true contrition XVII 239, C XIX 205. [fr. adj.] rewlyche adj. in a pitiful condition A XII 78. [OEhreowlic] rewmes n. colds in the head XX/XXII 83. [AF reume] ryb n. as adju. rib in phr. ~ bon IX 35; pi AIV 149. [OEribb] ribande adj. bordered, trimmed A II 13. [fr. n.] ribanes n. bands, borders, facings II 16. [AF] ribaud n. evil man XVI 151, C XVIII 168; ruffian XVIII 50, C XX 50; pi. sinful creatures V 504, C VII 149; criminal C X 215; pi. agents of evil XIV 204, C XVI 45; pi. persons of dissolute life C VI 435; degenerates C XV 231. [AF] ribaudie, ribaudrie n. scurrilous language Pr 44, A Pr 44, C Pr 45; bawdy stories C VI 435; folly, frivolity C XI 197. [AF] ribaudour, rybauder n. one who tells bawdy stories VI 73, A VII 65, C VIII 75. [fr. n.] rybbe v. clean flax stalks C IX 81. [? fr. n-] ribibourrc. fiddler V314, AV164, C VI 371.[MEfr. AFribibe] richardw. King Richard II A XII 113. richer kingdom XIV 179. [OE rice] richeadj. 1. wealthy II 78, A II 59, C II

187, IV 47; of a kingdom prosperous X 386, C III 204; superl. Ill 208, A III 195; grand, influential, important IX 177, A VIII 165, C V 26; powerful II 54, A II 33. 2. expensive V 209, XIV 231, A III 271, CIII 24, XV 231; lavish C III 118; valuable III 270, C III 423; superl AX 134; precious II 12, C II 13; comp. C XX 472; splendid II 15, XX/XXII 181; comp. C II 14; fine XV 228, C XVI 353; as n. sg. rich man XVII 270, C XIX 251; pi. wealthy people X 88, XI 191, C I 171, XII 133; gener. be/bis ~ XII 252, C XV 284; great man, magnate X 99; pi. C V 182; man of any standing C X 261; pi. sarcastic important people IV 40. [AF riche, OE rice] richeliche adv. lavishly C II 12. richen v. pr.t.pl. get rich III 83, A III 72, CIII 82. [fr. adj.] richesse n. 1. wealth, affluence X 15, XIV 103, A XI 266, C XII 144, XIII 26; fig. X 164, A XI 116, C XI 106; treasure XV 537, C XVI 317; pi. XIX/ XXI 73; precious objects III 23, A III 22, 79. 2. display of opulence II 17, C II 16. [AF] ride(n) v. 1. ride (a horse or mule) IV 7, XV 226, A IV 16, C XIX 79; pr.t.Bsg. IV 25, A IV 23, CIV 25; pi. V 151, C VI 126; pa.t.Bsg. IV 42, C IV 14; pi. IV 30, A IV 27, C IV 28; pr.subj.sg. C IV 54; imp.sg. X 164, A XI 116, C IV 34; prp. XVII 52, C XIX 50; fig. C II 187; pr.t.pl C II 183; imp.pl. C II 191; pp. C V 157; pa.subj.sg. -heoryede on horse or on foot XVII 102. 2. ride on patrol as keepers of the peace, ride to arms I 95, A I 93, C I 91; pr.t.pl ride in battle C V 74; ride in tournament XVIII 25, C XX 24; ride as couriers III 214, A III 201, C III 270; fig. pr.t.Bsg. is foraying, raiding Pr 171, C Pr 188. 3. pr.t.pl mate C XIII 154; pp. XI 338, C XIII 146. [OE ridan] rydere n. horseman X 311, A XI 211. [OE ridere] rifled see RUYFLE. riflyngeger. ransacking, rifling V235. ri3t n. 1. moral rectitude, righteousness XV 525, XIX/XXI 90, C XI 25, XVII 42(2); wib ~ honestly XIX/XXI 350. 2. true justice, equity XVIII 396, XIX/XXI 478, C XX 439; colloc. w. reson justice

174

ri3t - robbyng

Glossary

ryhtfulnesse n. pers. just judgement C V 32. [fr. adj.] ryme n. verse C IX 82; pi. stories in rhymed verse V 395, C VII 11. [AF rime] ryn«. the river Rhine Pr 230, A P r l O S , C Pr 234. ryne v. impers. rain C XVII 100; pr.subj. sg. C V 164; pa.t. w. pleonastic subj. XIV 67, C XV 266. [OE rignan, nnan] See REYNE. rynges n. (finger) rings Pr 75, A II 11, C III 24. [OE bring] ryngynge ger. ringing of church bells V 389, CVII5. [fr. v.] ripe adj. ready to eat, ripe VI 294, A VII 278, C XVIII 127; fig. XVI 71; pi. as n. the ~ C XVIII 106; ready to pick C XVIII 42, 64; ready to drink XVIII 370, C XX 412; quite ready V 389, C VII 5. [OE ripe] ripen v. become ripe XIX/XXI 317; pr.t.3sg. C XII 223; pr.subj.sg. C XII 232; fig. reach full growth XVI 39. [OE ripian] rypereue n. harvest foreman C V 15. [ME] rise(n)v. 1. get up, rise V 389, C XV 26; pa.t.lsg. V 232, C VI 236; pp. C IX 147; pr.t.pl. ~ vp Pr 44, A Pr 44, C Pr 45; ~ vp (from a seat) A V 183; pa.t.lsg. XVI 226, C XVIII 242; pi. V 325, A V 174, C VI 383; pr.subj.pl. A VII 110; imp.sg. C XX 281. 2. recover, be on his feet (and well) XVII 70, C XIX 69. 3. rise (from the dead) VII 193, XV 595, XIX/XXI 146; pr.subj.sg. XVIII 255. [OE risan] risyng ger. in phr. sonne ~ sunrise XVIII 67, CXX69. risshe, rush, rusche, ruche n. rushlight, poor man's candle III 142, A XI 17, C XII 197; pi rushes CIX81. [OE roc] ryver n. river XV 338. [AF rivere] robbe v. take unlawfully, carry off XIV 132, C XVI 1; rob C IV 54; pr.t.Ssg. XVIII 277, C XX 299; pa.t.2sg. Ill 195, A III 182; pp. XI 268, C IX 181; despoil XVI 89, C XI19. [AF robber] robbere, robbare, robbour n. robber V 461, A XI 285, CXI258;/?/. IV 128, A IV 111, C XII 247; gen. as adj. criminal V233. [AF] robbyng, robbery ger. being robbed XIV 305, C XVI 140.

and equity, equity and justice III 239, XVIII 278, C III 294; reson ne ~ reasonable conduct nor justice XII 209, C XIV 148; denie hir ... ~ judge their case XVIII 37, C XX 36. 3. lawful entitlement X 347, C XVII 70; just claim C V 74; rightful possession XVIII 277; estate held in the court of wards C III 368. 4. pi. laws, regulations C VIII 53. [OE riht] rtytadj. 1. direct, main IV 42, C XIX 79. 2. right (not left) III 74, A III 56, C III 76. 3. true X 463, A XI 307, C XVI 253; correct V 224, A V 140, C XVI 188; ~ mynde sanity C III 327. 4. same, very XVI 273, C XIX 50. [OE riht] ri3t, righte adv. 1. precisely XVIII 330, C XX 373; exactly, just II 198, A VII 71, C III 361. 2. straight, directly IV 14, A VI 42, C VII 199; straight up (to) XVI 151, A IV 30; all the while until XI 134, XIV 105, C XV 280. 3. immediately C VI 339; ~ bere then and there XI 7, C XI 166; outright XI 373, C XIII 183. 4. emph. actually, truly, really V 399, XIV 294, CIII 355, VI 91; completely XVIII 100, 188, XIX/XXI 8, A XI 267; quite XV 317. 5. righteously C III 325. [OE rihte] ri3tful, ri3tfol adj. 1. just XIV 111, XV 550, C XII 87; lawful XIV 294, C XVI 129; equitable fig. C III 374; honestly acquired C XV 278. 2. in accordance w. divine law, just and merciful Pr 127, C Prl51; righteous XV 307, 471, C XVII 259; super!. C X 24; virtuous, of good life X 297, A XI 202, C V 147; as n. righteous man VIII 21, CIV 151; pi. IV 157, A IX 17, C X 38. 3. appropriately strict C IV 153. [OE rihtful] ri3tfully adv. justly VII 10, A VIII 10, C IX 10; w. justification IV 172, A IV 145; lawfully XI 126, C XII 61; righteously, honestly XIV 103, C XIX 237; dutifully C XIII 96; by rights, properly I 54, A I 52, C I 50; super!, most genuinely C XX 472. [fr. adj.] rJ3twise adj. holy XV 533. [OE rihtwis] rightwisnesse n. 1. justice XVII 304, XVIII 396, C XIX 299, XX 189; fig. XIX/XXI 83; pers. XVIII 165, C XX 176. 2. ordinance, decree XVIII 389, C XX 431. [OE rihtwisnes] 175

robe - rouneb

Glossary

robe n. man's or woman's garment, gown II 15, A III 271; pi. XIII 227, C XV 201; clerical vestments XV 228, C XVI 353. [AF] robert, roberd n. man's name V461, A V 233, C VI 321; ~ Renaboute a monk who breaks the claustral rule VI 148; Roberdes knaues thieving vagabonds Pr 44, APr44, CPr45. robebv. pr.t. pi. clothe XV 336; pp. VIII 1, AII 13, CXI 19. [AFrober] robyn n. Robin (for Robert) V 329, A V 178, C VIII 75; ~ hood V 395, C VII 11. robyngeger. clothing, dress C II 14. roch(e)«. rock XVII 11, CXX62. [AF] rochel, rochele n. be ~ La Rochelle in France Pr230, APrlOS, CPr234. rochemador n. Roquemadour in France XII 36. rody adj. deep red, ruddy XIII 100, C XV 107. [OErudig] roepn. cord C XVIII 155. [OE rap] rogged v. abs. pa.t.3sg. shook, rocked XVI 78. [cp. Olrugga] roilep v. pr.t.Ssg. flops about like a fish X 303, A XI 209. [AF * rattier} roynouse adj. rough, scaly XX/XXII 83. [AF roinous] rokke v. rock C IX 79; pa.t.Ssg. lulled XV 11. [OEroccian] rolle v. pr.subj.sg. enrol, record V 272. [AF rouller] rolles n. lists of members C III 111; account-rolls XIX/XXI 463. [AF] romaynesw. the Romans XV 531, C XVII 281. romew. Rome Pr47, A VI 10, C II 246. rome v. 1. walk XV 595; pa.t.Ssg. A IV 30; pi. C XV 28; get moving C XV 26; pa.t.lsg. C XV 27; travel XX 212; pr.t.2sg. C VI 331; pa.t.lsg. VIII 1, A IX 1, C X 1; pr.t.3sg. strolls C IX 147; ~ to pleye strolls about in search of amusement Pr 171, C Pr 188; leet go ~ had dismissed, turned away XI 114, C XII 49. 2. wander, stray XI 129, C XII 64; prp. ~ in remembraunce in my desultory reflections C V 11. [OE *rdmian] romeris, romberis n. breakers of the claustral rule IV 120; restless or unstable persons A X 105. [ME] ronde n. sizable cut C IX 148. [AF rond adj.]

rongen v. pa.t.pl. rang XX/XXII 59; intr. rang the church bells XVIII 425, C XX 468. [OE hringan] ronges n. fig. rungs XVI 44, C XVIII 44. [OE hrung] roode n. cross XV 264, 544, C X 195; crucifix on a church altar V 105, A V 85. [OE rod} roof, roef n. roof fig. XIX/XXI 327. [OE brofl roon, roen see RYNE. roost, rost n. roast meat Pr230, A P r l O S , CPr234. [AFrost] roote, rote n. 1. root, underground stock of a plant XV 101, A X 124, C XVI 254; pi. VI 103, A VII 95, C XV 242; fig. stock XVI 41, XX/XXII 54. 2. fig. profundity, essential nature XV 65. 3. source XII 58, XIV 95, C XVI 253, XX 322; fig. XV 101, C XVI 254; cause C XII 247. [OErot] ropen see REPE. ropere n. rope maker V315, AV178, C VI 372. [ME] rosamounde n. Rosamund Clifford, mistress of Henry II XII 47. rosew. 1. the flower, rose XIII 100, A X 123, C XV 107. 2. woman's name IV 49, A V 140, C VI 372. [AF] roste v. toast, warm C IX 144. [AF rostir} rotey n. in phr. ~ tyme time of rut, mating season XI 338, C XIII 146. [AF rutteie} roten, roton adj. rotten, corrupt XV 101, C XVI 254. [cp. OI rotirr} roten, rotye v.(l) decay, rot X 116, C XVIII 60; fig. C III 358; pr.t.Ssg. C XII 223; pr.t.Ssg. becomes corrupt C V 150; pa.t.Ssg. languished C XIII 22. [OE rotian} roten v.(2) take root A X 78; refl. pr.t. pi. pat ~ hem on whose ways are set in C II 57. [fr.n.] rou3 adj. prickly, thorny A X 124. [OE ruh] rouhte see RECCHEN. roume v. shun, keep clear of Pr 166, C Pr 183. [OE rumian} rounde, rownd adj. round V 342, A V 190, C VI 400. [AF] rouneb v. pr.t.Ssg. whispers IV 14, A IV 14; pa.t.Ssg. C IV 14; pi. spoke in whispers V 325, A V 174, C VI 383; prp. talking quietly IV 25, C IV 25. [OE runian}

176

route - sage

Glossary

rusty, rousty adj. obscene VI 73, A VII 65, C VIII 75. [OErustig] rube, roube, reube n. 1. pity, compassion I 175, XV 11, A I 149, C III 413, XIII 70. 2. mercy IV 108, V 504, A IV 97, CIII 118, VI 423. 3. contrition for sins V 477, XVI 5; remorse, compunction X 318, C V 164. 4. deplorable V 427, XIV 128, C IX 82, XV 296; a distress XV 508, 539, C XVII 200; moving XV 533, C XVII 194; haue/had ~ am/was distressed C VI 286; was sorry, grieved XVI 78; regretful XX 193, C XXII 193. [ME fr. v. and cp. OI hrygfr] rutland n. Rutland II 111, A II 75. rutte, rotte v. pa.t.lsg. slept XVIII 6; 3sg. fell asleep V 391, C VII 7; pi. were asleep XII 151, C XIV 95. [OE hrutan] ruwet, ruet, ryuet n. horn V 342, A V 190, C VI 400. [Af ruet}

route n. throng, crowd II 62, C II 64; company IV 168; gang XVIII 404, C XX 447; pack Pr 146, C Pr 192. [AF] routen v. stir, be active A X 78. [AF * router or CF router} roued, rowed (error) v. pa.t.Ssg. strayed from its usual course, was abnormal XVIII 123, C XX 126. [cp. OI rdfa] rowe v. row fig. C X 52. [OE rowan] rowed see ROUED. roweth v. pr.t.Bsg. dawns in radiance C I 114. [OEgerdwan] rubies, rubees n. rubies II 12, A III 22, C II 13. [AF] ruddede, rodded v. pa.t. pi. became flushed XIII 100, C XV 107. [OE rudian] rude adj. slow-witted XV 476; discourteous, uncivil XI 420, C XIII 228; untamed, untrained XV 461. [AF] rugge, rug n. back XIV 213, C IX 144; by synec. body, person XIX/XXI 287. [OE hrycg] ruggebones, riggebones, rygbones n. gen. spine's V 342, A V 190, C VI 400. [OE hrycgbdn] ruyflareH. robber C VI 315; pi. brigands, freebooters C IV 125. [fr. v.] ruyfle v. despoil, strip of possessions C IV 54; pp. XVII 102, C XIX 92; stripped C X 195; pa.t.lsg. rifled, ransacked V 232, C VI 236. [AF rifler] rule, reule, rewele n. 1. principle of conduct X 297. 2. monastic rule, set of rules of any religious order V 45, XX/ XXII 247, A V 3 7 , C III 203; paramount rule X 299, A XI 205, C V 147. 3. regulation of (their) office XIX/XXI 423. 4. control, regulation XIII 285, A X 51. 5. regular practice X 99. [AF rule, reule} rule(n), reule(n), rewele v. 1. rule (as sovereign) XIX/XXI 466, A XI 267, C XI 212; pr.t.pl. VII 10, A VIII 10; fig. VIII 109, A IX 99, C X 105. 2. govern (politically) Pr 201, C Pr 219. 3. control, regulate pr.t.2sg. C XIII 186; pi. C XIII 191; pa.t.Ssg. XI 370, C XIII 182; pr.subj.sg. XI 387, C XIII 205; imp.pl. XVII 263, C XIX 229; (morally or spiritually) I 54, XV 100, A IV 9, C XVI 253; pr.subj.sg. IV 186, A IV 149, C XIV 36; pp. XIX 396. [AF ruler] rulyngger. government Pr 127, C P r l S l . russet, rosset n. reddish brown woollen cloth VIII 1, A IX 1, C XVI 345. [AF]

s saaf, saef, sauf adj. 1. safe, out of danger VIII 33, XII 166, A IX 29, C X 40. 2. in relig. use free of mortal sin VIII 48, A IX 44; restored to a state of grace XII 172, C XIV 112; saved VII 52, A VIII 54, CXIV 191. [AFsafl sacrificed, sacreficede v. pa.t.Bsg. offered sacrifice (as if a priest) XII 116, C XIV 61. [fr. n.] sacrifise, sacrefice n. offering, sacrifice XVI 243, CPr98. [AF] sad adj. 1. righteous VIII 27, A IX 39, C X 31; super!. C X 49. 2. grave VIII 122, A IX 112, CX118. 3. sound, solid XV 513; steadfast C III 335; comp. X 465, A XI 309, C XI 291; heavier XII 161. [OEszd] sadde v. strengthen, make steadfast X 250. [OE sadian] sadder adv. more soundly V 4, A V 4. [fr. adj.] sadel, sadil n. saddle IV 20, A IV 18, C IV 20. [OEsadot\ sadle v. fig. let- have saddled II 175; pp. II 170, A l l 134. [OEsadolian] sadnesses, solid confidence VII 156. [OE sadness] safly adv. safely C III 64. [fr. adj.] sage adj. wise III 93, A XI 265, C VIII 177

sage - sauacion

Glossary

242; fool- court jester XIII 443, C VII 103; infl.pl. XIII 422, C VII 82. [AF] saille, sayle v. dance, perform acrobatics XIII 233, C XV 207. [AF sailler] sak n. bag, sack VI 9, A VII 9, C VIII 8. [OE sacc] sake n. in phr. for ... ~ out of consideration, regard for, devotion to after poss. n. or as adju. XI 196, XVI 235, C IX 133, XIX 40; for the benefit of V 488, VI 102, A XI 200, C XI 142, XVI 366; on behalf of, in the cause/interest of XV 91, C XII 205; having in mind, w. (sthing) in mind V 466, IX 92, X 259, XII 92, A V 238, C II 200, IV 99, XIV 5; w. poss. adj. on (sbody's) account, because of (sbody/sthing) III 189, A III 176, C XX 357; w. neg. force to avoid XI00. [OEsacu] salarie, salerie n. pay, wages V 426, C VII 39. [AF] Salomon, salamon n. Solomon III 333, A VIII 125, C III 485. salt«. salt XV 429. [OEsealt] suit adj. cured in brine VI 284, A VII 268, C VIII 306; salty, bitter XIII 45, C XV 50. [as prec.] salue n. 1. ointment, salve XVII 78; pi. XX/XXII 336; fig. XIII 254, medicine XIII 248, XVII 122, C IX 264; lotion XIII 194; fig. remedy Pr 159, XX/XXII 306, 372, C I 147. [OE salfl saluen v. 1. Jig. administer spiritual remedy to, heal X 276, XI 218. 2. pa.t.Ssg. healed XVI 108; fig. imp.sg. XX/XXII 305. 3. pa.t.Bsg. applied ointment to XX/XXII 347. [OEsealfian] Samaritan, samaritaen n. Samaritan (Luke 10.33) XVII 51, C XIX 65. sambure n. a curtained horselitter ? C II 181. [cp. AF sambue, sambuer] same adj. 1. identical, same 1177, A VIII 66, C XII 183; pred. be ~ IX 154; aforesaid XX/XXII 224; as n. be- the same/a similar (message, sentiment, treatment, procedure) Pr 228, IV 91, A III 28, C VIII 242; the same person(s) III 54, A IX 51, C X 59; quasi-adv. besimilarly III 26, XIV 45, A III 25, C XV 243. [cp. Olsamr] samplarie, saumplarie n. fig. exemplar, model XII 102, C XIV 47. [cp. AF essamplarie] sampson n. Samson (Jud. 13.24) XII 41,

C XVIII 113. samrede a<#. half-ripe C VIII 309. [ME] samuel n. (I Kg. 9.15ff.) Ill 261, A III 244, CIII 414. sandel, sendel n. expensive silk fabric VI 11, A VII 19, C VIII 10. [AF sendel] saphiresn. sapphires II 13. [AF] sapience, sapiense n. 1. wisdom IX 96, XII 41; learning XII 57. 2. the biblical Book of Wisdom X 175, A XI 127, CXI 115; the Book of Proverbs III 333, V 39, VI 235, A VII 219, C III 485, 496. 3. Ecclesiasticus A VIII 46. [AF] sarsen, sarsyn, sarrasyn n. pagan XI 157, C XII 88; pi. people of Islam III 328, X 352, A XI 235, C XII 55. [OE Saracene pi.] saterday, satirday, Saturday n. V 14, A V 202, C VI418. [OE s<eterd<eg} sathan, sathanas, satan, saton, satoun n. the devil, Satan, the adversary II 106, A XI 76, C VII105. [OE Satan, Satanas] satisfaccion, satisfaccioun n. penance and reparation after confession XIV 95, C XVI 27; fig. XIV 21; restitution, restoration of ill-gotten gains XVII 320, C XIX 300. [AF] saturne, satourne n. the planet Saturn VI 326, A VII 307, C VIII 345. [AF] sauce n. condiment VI 262, A VII 246, C VIII 272; sauce XIII 43, C XV 48. [AF] saufaJv. safely A VIII 38. [fr. n.] saufte n. recte saue q.v. XI 121; in safely VII 37. [AF] sau3tne, sauhtene, sau3te v. be reconciled, make peace IV 2, A IV 2, C IV 2. [cp. OE sahtan, sauyt n.] saul, sauel n. King Saul (1 Kg. 9) III 260, A III 244, CIII 409. saulee n. satisfaction from food, food XVI 11. [AF] saun3, san3 prep, without XIII 285, C XVII 163. [AF] saut, sawt n. attack, assault XX/XXII 217. [cp. AF assaut] sauter, sautir, sauhter n. the O.T. Book of Psalms II 38, A III 221, C III 288; seye pi -/preyen here - recite psalms as prayers XII 16, CIII 465. [AF] sautrie v. play the psaltery XIII 233, C XV 207. [cp. AF sautrie n.] sauacion, sauacioun, saluacioun n. deliverance from sin and damnation, admission to eternal life V 127, A XI 178

sauacion - score

Glossary

186. 2. pleasure, enjoyment VII 154. 3. in phr. haue a ~ after have a smack of IX 155. \AFsavour] sawe n. 1. words, discourse C X 212; pi. XVIII 149, A IV 144, C XX 152. 2. pi. proverbs, maxims VII 143, A XI 16. [OE sagu] scale n. shell C XII 147. [AF] scalles n. parasitic skin infections XX/XXII 83. [cp. OI skallt\ scape n. avoid III 57. [ME: aphetic; fr. AF escaper] scarlet n. fine fabric, expensive cloth II 15, A II 13, C XVI 301. [AF] scape n. 1. injury IV 79, A IV 83, CIV 75; harm A XII 17; doop ~ brings punishment upon XV 59. 2. sin III 57, C III 61. [cp. Olscadi] schalkes n. pi. men, people CX160. [OE scealc] science, sciense n. 1. learning, erudition XII 122, C XIV 77, 81, XVI 227; branch of learning X 188, A XI 158, C XI 129, XII 94; pi. X 194, 220, A XI 163, C XVI 210; subject of study XI 167. 2. proficiency in learning, accomplishment X211. 3. wisdom fulfilled in accomplishment XVII 174, A XI 140. 4. skill, craft C X 208. [AF] scismatikes, sismatikes n. schismatics XI 120, C XII 55. [AF] sclaundre, sklaundre n. 1. false accusation II 82, C II 89. 2. disgrace, scandal III 57, C III 61; humiliation XII 46, A XII 17. [AF esclaundre} scleyre, slayre n. veil VI 7, A VII 7, C VIII 5. [MLGsleier] scoffyng ger. mockery, derision XIII 276. [cp. OFris, ODan skof\ scolde v. find fault, rail II 82, C II 89. [ME fr. n.] scole n. 1. school X 306, A X 84, C V 155; fig. C XIII 169; university XX/ XXII 273; scholastic disputation C XV 128. 2. higher education, learning XX/ XXII 251. 3. school of thought, doctrine X 193, A XI 145; sette to ~ educated X 173, A XI 125; pay for the education of VII 32, A VIII 34. [OEscol] scolers n. pi. boys of school age VII 32, A VIII 34; schoolboys A X 84. [OE scolere] score n. twenty in phr. fyue/sixe/seue/ten ~ I 101, III 146, X 185, A III 135, C III

282, C V 198; fig. C III 353. [AF sauvacion] saue n. decoction of herbs taken internally fig. C XII 56. [MLsahia] sane prep, except, but for II 237, A X 35, C XIII 153; as adv. w. prep. phr. except V 238, C VI 240; as conj. but, except XVI 113, C IX 112. [AFfr. adj.] saue(n) v. 1. preserve, keep safe IV 31, X 412, A IV 28, C IX 271; pr.t.lsg. C XV 235; pi. XIII 428, C VII 88; pr.subj.sg. VIII 60, A XII 115, C X 59; pp. IX 145, A X 176, C III 234; pa.t.3sg. spared C III 409; pp. X 407, C XI 238; protect I 23, III 197, A I 23, C VII 105; pr.t.lsg. XVI 39; 3sg. A X 77; pp. C XIV 130; keep in being, sustain C XIV 163; safeguard XX/XXII 128; fig. XVII 20, C XIX 21; guard 1X23, A X 22, C XX 288; safeguard the interests of Pr 115, C Pr 142; care for IX 69, A VII 127, C IX 315; pr.subj.sg. XIX/XXI 449. 2. recover C XX 371; rescue, succour XVI 252, XVIII 190, C XX 195; pa.t.3sg. XI 165, C XII 88; pp. XVIII 151; abs. pa.t.Ssg. XII 82. 3. bring to salvation, save 184, V 57, A VI 75, C XVII 121; pr.t.3sg. A V 104; pi. XII 31; pat.pl. XI 227; pp. XII 133, C XIV 77; deliver from sin VII 183, C IX 329; pp. admitted to salvation X 353, 420, A VI 76, C VI 333, VII 236, XI 252; pr.t.3sg. holds out hope of salvation to VII 41. 4. of Christ redeem V 485, XIII 445, XVII 125, C XX 142; pa.t.3sg. XIV 259, C XVI 99; delivered X 242. 5. refl. attain salvation II 38. 6. put by, save VII 25, XIX/XXI 280; pp. XV 126, A VIII 27, C IX 29. 7. pr.t.3sg. keeps from spoiling, preserves XV 429; fig. XV 442. 8. pr.subj.sg. honour, observe XX/XXII 22. 9. benefit XIX/XXI 432. 10. heal, cure A VIII 17; pa.t.lsg. C XVIII 152; 3sg. XV 588, C XVII 300; pp. XVI 123, C XVIII 151. [AF saver] saueour, sauiour n. saviour, redeemer V 478, A III 64, C VII 144; sarcastic XVI 122, C XVIII 151. [AF saveour] saueriore adj. comp. more delicious C XVIII 65. [AF*savure] sauore, sauery v. give pleasure to VI 262, A VII 246, C VIII 272; pat.Ssg. VIII 112, A IX 102, C X 108. [AF savourer] sauour n. 1. taste, flavour XVI 74, C XIV 179

score - see(n)

Glossary

184; many ~ pousand an immense number XVII 21, C XIX 22. [OEscoru] scorn n. contempt, scorn X 309; to ~ derisively XV 172, A IV 137, C XVI 310. [prob. AF: cp. eschar, charn n.] scorne v. 1. speak slanderously, defame II 82, C II 89. 2. mock, ridicule X 337, A XI 225; trans, pa.t.lsg. C VI 22; 3sg. XI 1, C XI 160, XIII 130. [cp. AF escarnir] scornere, scornare n. mocker, scoffer XIX 284, C VI 25, XXI 284. [fr. v.] scornyng ger. mockery, ridicule XIII 276. scorpion, scorpioun n. scorpion XVIII 154, CXX 157. [OE,AF] scourges n. lashes, whips XIII 67. [AF] scribes, scribz n. pi. adherents of Judaism seen as opponents of Christianity XV 390, C XVII 252; Jewish teachers hostile to Jesus XVIII 27, CXX 26. [AF] scrippe n. pilgrim's wallet V 535, A VII 56, C VII 180. [cp. AF escrippe] scripture n. 1. text from Holy Writ X 252; holy ~ fig. Holy Writ XIX/XXI 272. 2. Christian sacred literature pers. X 155, A XI 225, CXI 94; theological text XII 271, C XIV 192. [AF] scryueynes, screueynes n. pi scribes, copyists X 337, A XI 225, C XI 94. [cp. AF escrivein] seco(u)nde adj. second XVI 36, C I 23; asn. XI 22, CXI 181. [AF] secret, secre adj. personal, privy III 146, A VIII 25, C IX 138. [AF] secte n. 1. guise, likeness XI 245, C XII 133; oure ~ human nature, mankind V 490, C VII 129. 2. religious order XV 232, C VI 38; pi C XVI 295. [AF] seculer adj. lay, not clerical IX 182, C X 283. [AF] seden v. beget children, procreate CX251. [OE sdtdian] see, sen. sea, ocean V 283, A XII 115, C XIII 135; ouer ~ abroad IV 129, A IV 112, C VI 278. [OE5tf] seed, sed, sede n. 1. seed corn V 543, A VI 31, C XII 180; the amount of seed corn XV 365, C XVII 102; fig. individual seed or corn XIX/XXI 276; pi. XIX/XXI 309; pi. kinds of seed C XII 183. 2. progeny, descendants III 277, A X 159, C X 221, XVIII 225; fig. creation, 'children', the source of humankind XI23, A XI 83. [OEsted]

seel, sel, seal n. 1. seal authenticating a document Pr 79, A Pr 76, C XIII 89; pi. Pr69, A II 183, C II 234; seal affixed to a legal document C II 159; pi. II 143, A II 107. 2. device for imprinting the wax of a seal XVII 5, C XIX 7. [AF] seem, sem n. pack-load or measure of weight (100-120 pounds) III 40, A III 39, CIII42. [OEseam] seemely adj. fitting, suitable C III 112, XV 58. [cp. OI sdmiligr] see(n), se(n) v. 1. see XII 103, XIX/XXI 180, A IV 73, C XVII 14; pr.t.Ssg. XV 434; pi. C IX 243; pa.t.lsg. VII 146, XI 364, A VIII 128, C V I 5 1 ; 3sg. XIII 304; pi. XVI 116; pp. C XVIII 239; intr. XII 99; pr.subj.sg. C XII 38; look upon C XI 201; to se to/vpon in appearance C I 55, XVIII 190; sente to ~ summoned to his presence C III 129. 2. note, observe I 172, XVII 106, A X 59, C XVIII 61; pr.t.lsg. VII 154, A IV 119, CIV 133; 2sg. XVII 215, A I 5, C X 159; 3sg. C IX 303; pa.t.lsg. Pr 50, C XX 358; 3sg. II 189, XX/XXII 373, A II 150, C XIV 165; pi. XII 131, C XVII 304; imp.sg. Ill 333, C I 44; in pers. ~ wel IX 20, A X 19, C X 146; pp. XI 435, A XI 221, C III 104; look XVI 259, C XVIII 275; examine II 71, C II 73; watch XX/XXII 109; pr.t.2sg. notice VIII 75, C X 73. 3. come to, come upon, encounter V 570, A VI 70, C VII 217; pa.t.lsg. XV 158, A VI 23, C VII 180; 3sg. V 497, C VII 137; pi. C XII 133; pp. XVI 216, XVII 305, C XVI 345; set eyes on XVI 10; pr.t.lsg. V 460, A V 232; 2sg. XV 196. 4. perceive III 63, XI 151, A VI 12, C XII 86; pr.t.lsg. IV 20, A IV 18, C XVI 206; 2sg. X265; 3sg. C I 39; pi. 151, A III 204, C IV 154; pa.t.lsg. XII 20; 3sg. A V 68, C III 326; pi. II 67; pp. A III 57; discern XIX/XXI 242, C V 89; pr.Usg. Pr 202, C XIX 164; pa.t.Ssg. XI 147, C XII 82; discover V 606, A XI 181, C VII 255; find out XX/XXII 107; pa.t.lsg. ironic found C VII 15; experience XIII 203, C XX 223; learn A X 119; realize C XVIII 201; pr.t.lsg. A XII 5; pi. A VIII 62. 5. see (as in a vision) pa.t.lsg. Pr 14, A Pr 90, C Pr 11; pp. V 4, A V 4. 6. be aware of (a condition etc.) IX 84, C XX 438; 180

see(n) - seluerles

Glossary

Ill 348; pa.subj.pl. Ill 345; imp.sg. check, verify X 69; pi X 333; pr.t.Ssg. tries XVII 326, C XIX 306. 2. seek out, resort to VII 169, A VIII 146, C IX 313; pa.t.3sg. IV 63, A IV 49, C IV 66; pi. VII 172, C IX 316; visit Pr47, X 95, A Pr47, CPr48; pr.t.pl. V 56, A V 40, C V 197; imp.sg. XII 39; pp. Pr 50, A IV 109, C IV 122; pa.t.Ssg. travelled XV 400. 3. pr.t.Ssg. penetrates XIV 6; ~ out penetrates to XIV 95. [OEsecan] seketours see EXECUTOURS.. selde adv. rarely, seldom Pr 20, A X 104, C II 26; on rare occasions C XVII 10. [OE seld-] selden, seldom adv. seldom VII 143, A VIII 125, CXI 234. [OEseldan] selep v. pr.t.pl. affix the seals to III 148, A III 137, C III 186; pr.subj.sg. C IV 189; pp. of a measure certified by official stamp C III 88. [AF seler] self, selue, sulue adj. int. prec. n. same V 487; fol n. himself I 204, C VII 207, XVIII 129; own C VII 255, actual, very XX/XXII 43, C XVII 179. [OE] selk see SILK. selkoupe adj. 1. remarkable, wonderful XI 367, C P r 5 , XIII 177; unusual, startling C XII 46. 2. various XV 589, C XVII 300. as n. miracle C XVIII 147; pi. marvels, wonders XI 364, C XIV 75. [OE seldcufi selle n. cell C XVII 10; pi. Pr 28, A VII 133, C XVII 7. [AFcelle] selle, sulle v. 1. exchange (sthing) for money, sell VI 269, VII 22, A VIII 27, C III 244, IX 55; pa.t.pl XV 293, C XVII 20; imp.sg. C XII 164; pp. C III 246; pr.tpl. offer for sale VI 306, A VII 290, C VIII 328; intr. sell III 196, A V 133, C VI 377; engage in selling, sell goods III 92, A III 81, C XVII 129; pa.t.pl C XVIII 157; pa.t.Ssg. made a sale V 132, C VI 97. 2. pa.t.Ssg. betrayed for money XVI 143; pp. XVI 142, C XX 223. [OEsellan] selleris, sullers n. merchants, vendors III 88, A II 44, CIII 116. [fr. v.] selles n. marvels, wonders C Pr 5. [fr. selli adj.] sellynge, sullynge ger. selling XIX/XXI 235. seluerles adj. without money C IX 119. [ME]

pr.t.Bsg. C XVI 303; pi. IX 77; pa.t.Ssg. XVIII 246, C XX 255. 7. see (and read) pr.t.2sg. XII 176; pi. XI 270, C XIV 116; pa.t.lsg. VI 235, A XI 146, C X I 49; 3sg. C XI 202; pi. C XIV 116. 8. pp. to be seen XVII 25; visible XIV 97; evident XX/XXII 185. [OEseon] sege n. besieging force XX/XXII 310, 313. [AF] segge, segg, seg n. man XVI 178, A XII 54, C XII 152; person III 63, A III 52, C III 67; pi. men Pr 160, A II 123, C II 175; people V 17, A V 17, C V 119. [OEsecg] seyen v. make an attempt, have a try XIV 279. [AF sayer, seier] seying, segging ger. explanation, account VIII 112, A IX 102. seyned v. pa.t.Ssg. reflex, crossed himself, made the sign of the cross V 448, A V 220, C VII 62. [OEsegnian] seint adj. holy, divinely instituted I 84, A I 82, C XI 202; w. proper names saint I 91, A IV 151, C IV 51; - Poules Saint Paul's Cathedral X 47, A XI 33, C XI 54; ~ Spirit the third person of the Trinity, Holy Ghost XII 102, C XI 151; ~ Trupe V 57, A V 41, C V 198; sarcastic ~ Auereys/Aueroy XIII 91, C XV 98. asn. 1. person of holy life XV 519, C XVII 270; pi V 492, C XI 13. 2. person canonically recognized as having a high place in heaven XII 208, C VII 31; pi IV 39, C VII 78. 3. coll pi the blessed souls in heaven III 235, C III 98. 4. shrine of a saint, place of pilgrimage XII 39; pi. Pr47, A VI 19, C VII 176. [AF] seyntwarie n. sanctuary; fig. the Christian Church CV79. [AF seintwari] seise, sese v. 1. lay hold of, take XIII 374, C VI 271. 2. pr.t.lsg. enfeoff, put in legal possession A II 66; pp. in possession XVIII 284, C XX 309. [AF seiser] seke(n), seche v. 1. look for VIII 2, A IX 53, C X 2 ; pr.t.lsg. XVI 249, C XIX 7; search for XV 188; go in search of V 460, A V 2 5 4 ; imp.pl V 57, A V 4 1 , C V 198; pa.t.lsg. searched XVI 171; pa. subj.sg. C XVI 295; pi III 130, A III 119, C III 167; pr.t.lsg. -after inquire into XII 217, C XIV 156; pr.t.Bsg. examines, looks through C III 496; pi. 181

semblable - serue(n)

Glossary

semblable adj. similar C XVI 113; inphr. -to like, resembling XVIII 10, C X 158; asn. image X371, C III 335. [AF] semblaunce n. shape, form XVIII 288. [AF] semblaunt, semblant n. countenance, expression VIII 122, A IX 112, C X 118. [AF] semble n. crowd A Pr 97. [AF sernblee] semed v. pa.t.Bsg. weighed in phr. so heuy it ~ it was of such weight 1153, C I 149. [OE seman and cp. ME seem n.] semely see SEEMELY. semeliche adv. impressively, in the grand fashion C XIX 249. [fr. adj.] semest v. \.pr.t.2sg. appear (to be), seem X261, C V 2 7 ; 3sg. X 186, A XI 138, C XI 127; pi. XV 206, C II 383; pa.t.3sg. V 77, A V 60, C VI 216; prp. C VI 27; pr.t.Bsg. looks like XIV 97, XV 110; was manifested as XV 592, C XVII 301. 2. impers. seems (to be the case), appears pr.t. Pr 32, IX 42, A Pr 32, C VII 141, IX 105; pa.t. Pr 52, C VII 129; seems to be C V 90; pa.t. Pr 212, A Pr 85, C Pr 162. 3. impers. is fitting, appropriate XIV 140, C II 138; prp. indicating C XI 84; ~ to suggestive of XIII 345; conforming, similar to XV 393. [cp. Olscema] semyvif, semyuief n. barely alive, half dead XVII 58, C XIX 57. [L] senatours n. pi. governors C VIII 87. [CF] sende v. cause (sbody) to go, dispatch, send VII 34, A VIII 36, C XVII 246; pr.t.Bsg. C XIV 27; pa.t.lsg. XIII 391, A XII 54, C VI 189; 3sg. XV 511, C IX 119; pi. II 224, A XI 179, C II 234; pp. V 484, C XIX 123. 2. cause (sthing) to be conveyed, send A XI 190; pa.t.Bsg. VII 23, XV 305, C IX 200, XIII 12; pr.subj.sg. VI 262, X 372, A VII 246, C VIII 272; pa.subj.sg. XIII 248; pp. Pr 79, APr76, CPr77; intr. pr.t.lsg. send word II 204, A II 165; 3sg. A III 244; pa.t.3sg. Ill 261, IV 15, A VIII 1, CX 249; pi. C II 246; pr.subj.sg. IX 24, A X 24, C X 150. 3. of the deity bestow, send pr.t.2sg. XIV 115, C XV 291; 3sg. A X 201; pa.t.Ssg. I 182, A I 156, C I 178; pr.subj.sg. C III 95; pa.subj.sg. XIV 119; imp.sg. XIV 164, C XVI 25; pp. A X 100, C IX 55; pa.t.Bsg. sent as affliction XIX/XXI291. [OEsendan] 182

seneca n. the Stoic philosopher Lucius Annaeus Seneca XIV 309, XX/XXII 275. seneschalles n. chief administrative officers of great households CPr93. [AF] sengle adj. as n. single, unmarried person A X 206. [AF] sense n. incense XIX/XXI 75. [fr. AF] sepulcre n. the tomb in which Christ was buried V 526, A VI 14, C VII171. [AF] seraphyn, ceraphyn n. Seraphim, the first order of angels I 106, A I 104, C I 106. [OE] serelepes, suyrelepus adj. distinctive, separate XVII 167, C XVIII 191. [ME] sergeaunt n. 1. advocate, barrister III 295, A III 270, C III 448; pi Pr 212, A Pr 85, C Pr 162. 2. pi royal officers C III 78; royal servants II 209, A III 91; -of Armes royal officers authorized to enforce commands fig. XIX/XXI 339. [AF] serk n. undergarment, shift V 65, A V 48, CI99. [OEserc] sermon, sarmon n. 1. formal delivery of religious instruction, pulpit sermon V 59, C XII 46; moral injunction A XI 245. 2. written work, writing XIII 428, C VII 88; pi. XII 278, A XI 274, C XIV 200; treatise X 460, C XI 286; a ~ he made he wrote a piece III 93, A III 82, C III 121. [AF] serpent/i. reptile XVIII 288. [AF] seruaunt, seruant n. employee, workman XIV 142, C XI 296; pi. Ill 217, A VII 227, C VII 39; household servants XV 248; retainer fig. XIV 257, C XVI 97; pi. followers XIX/XXI 436, A VII 227; representative XVI 193, C III 368; pi. agents XIII 391, C VI 278; pi. officers in a great household Pr95. [AF servant] serue(n) v. 1. work for (sbody) II 170, V 540, A P r 91, C V 6 9 ; pr.t.lsg. V 549, A VI 36, C VII 193; pi. X476; pa.t.lsg. V 199, A V 115, C VI 207; pp. V 155, C VII 190. 2. be in the service of IX 13, A IV 2, C V61; pr.t.Bsg. A X 13; pi V 618, A VI 104, C IV 33; as knights I 99, A I 97, C I 103; intr. be of service C XVIII 95; pr.t.pi are in service XIII 120; pa.t.pl. -atpebarre pleaded cases at law Pr 212, C Pr 162. 3. obey (by virtuous conduct) XI 281, A VI 28; pr.t. Bsg. XI 279; pi. A XI 300; pr.subj.sg.

serue(n) - shal

Glossary

established XIII 153, XX/XXII 255; pp. appointed IX 23. 5. pr.t.Ssg. has (his) seat, is installed C VII 262. 6. pr.t.lsg. value VII 200; Ssg. C XII 26; pi. C XV 10; pa.t.Ssg. VI 169, C V 97; pi. XIII 8; pp. XIII 125; ranked as XV 224; ~ by value C IX 346; pr.t.pl. C IX 303; ~ short bi undervalue XII 122, C XIV 65; pa.t.Ssg. ~ Ii3t by ridiculed XI 2, C XI 162. [OEsettan] settynge ger. setting out plants Pr 21, A Pr 21, CPr23. seuen, seue num. adj. seven Pr 193, A Pr 109, CIII 465; as n. 1106, A VI 112, C III 62. [OEseofon] seuenbe, seuethe adj. as n. seventh XIV 310, C XVI 144. [cp. OEseofofra] seweris n. tailors or dressmakers A XI 311. [fr. v.] shaar n. ploughshare III 308, C III 461. [OE scear] shabbide pp. afflicted w. scab A VIII 17, C IX 265. [OE sceabbede] shadweb, shaddeweth v. pr.t.Ssg. casts a shadow XVIII 431, C XX 475. [OE sceadwian] shaft n. 1. creature XI 397. 2. appearance, looks XIII 296. [OE sceaft] shake(n) v. shake C XVIII 104; pr.t.Ssg. C XVIII 47; imp.sg. C VI 13; pa.t.Ssg. his purs ~ emptied his purse XIII 367, C VI 266. [OE scacan, sceacan] shal, shall, schal, shul v. modal 1. indie, certainty of consequence, outcome shall/ will certainly, shall/will not fail to, am/is/ are bound to pr.t.lsg. VI 129, A VII 121; pr.t.lsg. 134, IV 71, A VII 151, CIII 425, XI 110; Ssg. Pr 203, II 35, XX/ XXII 26, A I 121, II 105, CIII 67, 496, XII 216; pi. 1128, V 569, A I 152, C II 144, VI 338; pa.subj.sg. XIII 228, C XV 202; 2sg. I 144, XI 414, A I 132, C XIII 222; Ssg. Pr 79, 185, A III 190, IV 122, C III 260, VI 385; pi. XI 285, XIII 207, C XIII 103. 2. indie, certain fulfilment of action, often impl. an undertaking or threat shall/will certainly, without fail pr.t.lsg. Ill 40, IV 134, V 451, A VII 156, VIII 36, C III 56, 141, IV 131; 2sg. IV 190, VI 166, A VIII 100, C X I 99; Ssg. II 197, III 32, A IV 9, C I V 171; pi. II 152, V 44, A II 116, C VIII 142, XI 308; pa.t.3sg. V 65, 474,

C XVI 94; (by evil conduct) A II 65; pr.t.pl. IX 63, A XI 22, C X 298. 4. pr.t.pl officiate as priests C VI 19; assist as acolyte C V 12. 5. abs. be subservient P r l 3 1 . 6. be of use (to) V 438; abs. XVII 148; pr.t.Ssg. wherof ~ what use is XI 91, C XII 32; pr.t.pl. whareof ~ 36 what is your function? C XVI 173. 7. pr.t.3sg. enables XII 103, C XIX 177. 8. wait upon, be in attendance on XII 208, C XIV 147; pp. looked after, taken care of XIX/XXI 436; pa.t.3sg. served (food) XIII 38, C XV 43; pp. given food XII 205, C XIV 144. 9. wait on II 217, A II 176, C II 227. 10. pp. content, satisfied V 333, 412, A V 182, C VI 391; treated A XI 22, C III 310. [AF servir] serued/?/?. deserved C XII 119. [ME fr. deserven] seruice, seruise n. 1. work done, service III 217, 295, A III 204, C III 273. 2. the divine service XV 127, C IX 243. 3. service at table, provision of food XIII 52, C XV 63. 4. use V 438, C VII 52. [AF servise] seson, sesoun n. time of year, season Pr 1, A IX 2, C Pr 1; out of ~ untimely (because canonically forbidden) XIII 350, C VI 184. [AF] seb n. Seth son of Adam (Gen. 4.25) IX 127, AX 153, CX248. setis n. pi. places, seats A VIII 39. [OE $£te\ sette v. 1. pa.t.Ssg. made to sit, seated IV 45, C I V 43; pa.subj.sg. C XIV 137; pp. VI 47, C VIII 44; pa.t.Ssg. fig. mounted II 164, A II 128. 2. place, put, set V 65, VII 156, A V48, C I 119; pa.t.Ssg. XIII 49, C XIX 72, XX 49; imp.sg. fig. IV 20, A IV 18, C XX 293; pr.t.lsg. put in place C XVIII 40; imp.sg. mount, set up C XX 291; pr.t.lsg. -to apply XVI 36; pp. ~ forth put in a prominent place C Pr 97; imp.sg. implant I 41, A I 39; plant XV 335; intr. set out plants V 541, A VII 127, C I X 6 ; pr.t.lsg. C XV 211; pa.t.Ssg. fig. planted C XVIII 9. 3. in phr. ~ to scole pay for educating VII 32, A VIII 34; pa.t.lsg. educated, made learned X 173, A XI 125; -to directed to the study of X 175, A XI 127, C XI 115; pa.t.Ssg. ~ to boke taught to read XII 187, C XIV 126. 4. pa.t.Ssg.

183

shal - sharpeliche

Glossary

AV248, C VIII 121; pi. II 170, XVIII 193; pa.subj.sg. Ill 50, 203, A III 49, C III 256, VI 67; pi. C VII 146; w. complementary v. unexpr. pr.t.lsg. V 599, A VI 86, C VII 246; pa.t.3sg. XVII 143, C XIX 117; pa.subj.sg. V 633, A VI 118, C VII 286. 3. indie, constraint by external circumstances or agency am/ is/are forced to, have to, must pr.t.lsg. IV 16, A IV 16, C VI 126; 2sg. V 642, VI 43, A VII 217, C VIII 41, XII 215; 3sg. IV 108, VII 99, A VII 253, C VI 299, XI 195; pi. Ill 34, IV 2, XVIII 391, A VIII 145, 171, C I 130, VII 40; pa.t.lsg. X146, A XI 99, C XI 84; 3sg. IV 84, V 332, 334, A V 183, C IV 82; pi. II 168, III 263, A II 132, C III 416; pa.subj.lsg. V386, 393, C V 42, XVI 338; 2sg. 142, C VIII 34; 3sg. P r l l 7 , 1X39, X360, AV113, C Pr 144; pi. X 115, C IV 149; w. unexpr. compl. v. pr.t.pl. XI 211, C XII 118; pa.t.lsg. XV 13. 4. indie, persistence of a regrettable situation pr.t.Bsg. IX 86, XI 45, XIV 132, C XVI 1, XVIII 286; pa.t.pl. XV 492. 5. indie, moral obligation, duty pr.t.lsg. VII 108, XIV 279, XV 91, A VIII 90, C XVI 119; 2sg. XVII 127; 3sg. V 292, A VII 83, C III 265; pi. II 38, XI 209, A XI 243, C XIX 96; pa.t.Bsg. VI 75, XVI 243, A VII 67, C XVIII 260, XIX 107; 3sg. Ill 117, A III 106, CIV 29; pi. XI 241, A X 110, C VIII 247; pa.subj.lsg. VII 125, C V 42; 2sg. I 26, A I 26; 3sg. IX 190, X 297, C XI 243, XIII 100; pi. Pr 89, I 92, A V 17, C P r l 2 0 , III 398, V 76; ellip. pa.t. pi. VII 13, IX 83. 6. indie, intrinsic appropriateness pr.t.Bsg. IX 63, XVIII 340, C XX 388; pi. IX 92, A X 66; pa.t.3sg. C XVII 33; pa.subj.lsg. C V 43; 2sg. XI 101, XIX 424; 3sg. I 54, XI 67, 292, A II 19, V 173, C VI 382, VII 93; pi. Pr82, 1X163, XIV 201, C I 99, V 57, IX 57. 7. designating pr.t. 3sg. II 172, IV 9, VI 87, A VII 95, C VIII 96; pi. II 179, A II 138, VII 9, C XII 218; pa.t.lsg. XIII 23, C XV 26; 3sg. VI 114, XII 102, A IV 27, VII 106, C II 180, 237, XV 249. 8. predicting pr.t.lsg. XI 392, A XII 96; 3sg. Ill 285, 315, A III 87, 262, C III 476; pi. VI 325, VII 161, A VIII 139, C III 445, XX 107; pa.t.Bsg. XV 360, 583, C XX

112; of likely outcome pa.subj.sg. XI 349, XIII 72, XV 151, C XIII 160. 9. w. primarily future sense pr.t.lsg. I 2, IV 126, V 22, A IV 109, C Pr 13, III 5; 2sg. V 570, XIII 32, A VI 57, XI 122, C II 47; 3sg. VI 66, X 92, C III 205; pi. Pr218, III 254, A VII 131, VIII 171, C III 53; pa.t.Bsg. XVI 95, C XVIII 128; pr.subj.pl XIV 140, C XVI 8; pa.subj. 2sg. XI 414, C III 136, XIII 222; 3sg. VIII 104, A V 102, IX 94, C XV 178. [OE sceal, sculon, scolde] shame n. 1. sense of guilt V 125, XI 426, C VI 90, XIII 233. 2. embarrassment XII 80, XV 383, XX/XXII 284, C VI 432, XIII 243; pers. humiliation XI 433, C XIII 243. 3. modesty, propriety XIV 333. 4. public disgrace IV 31, A IV 28, C XVI 373; the disgrace of falling into sin X413. 6. excl. of rebuke -to 1X90. [OE sceamu] shamedest v. 1. pa.t.2sg. brought disgrace upon III 190. 2. pp. contrite V 366. [OE sceamian] shamelees, shameles adv. unembarrassed, without shame III 44, A III 43, C III 46. [OE sceamleas] shap n. composition, essential nature IX 31, XI 397, A X 32. [cp. OEgesceap] shapenv. 1. build 1X135, A X 166, CX 223; pa.t.3sg. X 406, C XI 237; make C V 18. 2. pa.t.2sg. created C VI 424; 3sg. 1X67, C XIX 186; pp. XIV 39. 3. pa.subj.sg. would achieve A V 102. 4. pa.t.pl. devised, invented Pr 122. 5. prepare III 17, A III 17, C III 18; pa.t.Bsg. XX/XXII 306; refl. pa.t.lsg. XVII 86; 3sg. XI 439, C XIII 245; pa.t.3sg. arranged XX/XXII 139, C II 180. 6. pr.t.Bsg. decrees I 161, C I 157; pp. ordained XIV 121, C XV 297. 7. dispose XI 426; pr.t.Bsg. prompts VII 66, A VIII 68, CIX62; refl. pa.t.pl. set themselves up as Pr 57, A Pr 54, C Pr 55. 8. pa.t.lsg. refl. dressed myself up Pr 2, A Pr 2, C Pr 2. [ME: cp. OE scippan] shappere«. creator XVII 170. [fr. v.] sharp adj. biting, stinging XX/XXII 306; sudden violent XVIII 409, C XX 452. [OE scearp] sharpe adv. w. hostile voices, fiercely XVIII 39, CXX38. [OEscearpe] sharpeliche adv. rigorously, after careful 184

sharpeliche - shewen

Glossary

160, A VII 147; ill-disposed, ill-natured person VI 155, XVII 45, A VII 142, C VIII 151; cruel and capricious tormentor Pr 192; evil one I 129, A I 118; sinner V 279, C VI 173; pers. deadly sin V 609, A VI 95, C VII 261. [OE screawa] sherewednesse, shrewidnesse n. fig. besetting sin III 44, A III 43. [ME] sherreue, shereue, shirreue n. chief law officer of a county, sheriff II 164, A II 128, C IV 164; pi. II 59, A III 124, C II 61. [OE scirgerefa] sherte n. shirt XIV 333. [OE scyrte] shete n. sheet V 109, A V 89; pi. XIV 234, C XVI 75. [OEscete] sheteth see SHOTTE. shette v. secure, keep shut Pr 105; pa.t.Ssg. V602, A VI 89; pi. C VII 250. [OE scyttan] shewen v. 1. present to view, show Pr 188, CPr205; pr.t.Bsg. IV 129, A IV 112, C XIII 41; imp.sg. XVII 139, C XIX 112; pp. Pr216, APr89, C Pr 166; prp. apparent to be seen XVII 155; -to to set against XIV 190; display II 216, A II 175, C II 226; pr.t.Bsg. C XIII 89; pa.t. Bsg. XVI 21; pi. exhibited C VI 25; reveal X 171, A XI 123, XII 14, C XIII 232; pr.Lpl. X 13, A XI 13, C XI 11; pa.t.Ssg. XVI 201; prp. V 378; pp. revealed as XII 88; confess V 76, A V 147, C VI 351; imp.sg. XI 54; -shriftes confess V 143; manifest IX 44; pa.t. 3sg. XVIII 238, C XX 247; pa.t.pl X 401; pp. XVIII 393; perform for all to see XIII 212; be visible C X 160; pr. subj.sg. C XIX 133; w. refl. obj. XV 571, C XVII 284; pr.t.Bsg. appears XI 437; pa.t.Bsg. V 89; prp. representing XIII 278; demonstrate, explain I 2, III 280, A I 2, C XI 78; illustrate VIII 28, A IX 24, C X 32; pr.t.Bsg. VII 132, XVI 202, A XI 245, C II 41; pi. X 378; describe V 471, A V 245, C VI 325; pr.t.pl. teach C XI 205; pa.t.sg. C XIII 130; draw attention to, point out XIII 448, C V I 2 1 , VIII 263; pr.t.Bsg. XIV 124, C XIX 302; pr.t.Bsg. indicates Pr 167, XIV 126, A VIII 15, C II 110. 3. look upon, behold Pr 106. 4. make known X 171; pr.t.Bsg. VII 16; convey, transmit XV 506, C XVII 257; speak, utter XII 50; pr.t.Bsg. XIV 310, C XVI 144; pa.t. Bsg. I 72, A I 70, C I 69; pp. A XII 34;

examination of conscience C VI 13; violently C XVIII 106. [OE scearpllce] sharre see SHERE. she, sheoproft. 3sg. fern, she I 10, II 18, III 7, A II 97, V 141, C I 10, II 10, 24; ~ and ~ the two women C VI 147. [OE heo w. LOE stress shift] shedde, shadde v. pa.t. Bsg. shed XVII 293, XIX/XXI 58, C XIX 274. [OE sceadan, scddan] shedyng ger. shedding C XV 155; blood ~ martyrdom XII 285, C XIV 207; spilling VI 9, A VII 9, C VIII 8. sheep, shep n. sheep Pr 2, A Pr 2, C Pr 2; pi. C III 412; //g. A VIII 17, C IX 265. [OE seep] shef, sheef, shaef n. of arrows a quiverful, 24 fig. Ill 326, XX/XXII 225, C III 479; pi. sheaves of corn VI 141, C V 14; sg. fig. C VIII 348; pi. XIX/XXI 330. [OE sceaf\ shelle n. nutshell XI 261; pi scallop shells V 521, A VI 9, C VII 166. [OE scelt] sheltrom n. defensive military formation XIV 82, C XX 292. [OE scildtruma] shenden v. 1. do harm to A VII 148; pr.t. 3sg. I 41, A I 39; pi. bring to ruin VI 173, A VII 158; pr.t.Bsg. spoils, destroys the merit of 1X209, A X 218; corrupt A Pr 95; pr.t.pl. II 126, A II 90; pr.t.3sg. destroy the integrity of III 155, A III 145, C III 193; pp. destroyed through corruption IV 174; confound C XX 336; pp. ruined III 135, A III 124, C III 173. 2. put to shame XI 426; pr.t.pl. shamefully affront C XIII 115. 3. pa.t.Ssg. killed XVII 293, XX/XXII 98. [OE scendan] shenem#. brilliant XVIII 409, C XX 452. [OE scene] shenfulliche, shendfully, shentfolyche adv. ingloriously III 277, A III 255, C III 430. [ME] shepherdes, sheepherdes n. pi. shepherds X467, C XVII 99. [OE scephirde] shepsteres, shupestares n. seamstress's, dressmaker's XIII 330, C VI 75. [ME] shere, sharre n. scissors, shears XIII 330, C VII 75. [OEscear] sherewe, shrewe n. evil-doer II 40; pi. X 27, XIX 373, C XI 24; wretches IX 125, C X 1 6 5 ; malefactor, criminal IV 110, V 463, A IV 67, C IV 105; pi. rogues VI 185

shewen - shryuen

Glossary

ri3tfully ~ spoken w. justification IV 172, A IV 145; express C IX 82; pr.t.lsg. C XII 173; 3sg. X 260; imp.sg. V 366; intr. express themselves XIX/XXI 229; bring forward, instance IV 136, A IV 119, C IV 133; pa.t.lsg. referred to IX 162, A X 185; pa.t.Ssg. quoted A XI 73; pi. Ill 351; pa.t.Ssg. adduced C XI 160; pleynt ~ bring a plea C III 214; pr.t.Ssg. ~ lawe pleads in court VII 50, A VIIII 52. [OE sceawan] shewer, sheware n. portent XII 152, C XIV 96. [OEsceawere] shewyng ger. display of XV 78, C XVI 237; exposition XVI 1. shides n. pi. planks IX 135, A X 166, C XVIII 20. [OEsdd] shifte v. pa.t.Ssg. refl. bestirred himself XX/XXII167. [OEsciftcm} shilden v. protect, shield X 413. [OE scildari] shille adv. agreeably, melodiously C VI 46. [fr. OE settle adj.] shilles see SHELLE. shillynges n. shillings XII 145, C III 392. [OE sailing] shynev. shine CX160;/zg. XVII259, C XIX 225; pa.t.Ssg. XII 152, C XIV 96. [OE scinan] shynes n.pl. shins XI433. [OEscinri] shyngled pp. roofed w. shingles 1X145, A X 176, C X 233. [ME cp. OE scindel n.] ship n. ship III 326, C III 479; pi. C VIII 348; of Noah's ark IX 135, A X 176, C X237. [OEscip] shipe n. wages, pay XV 361; recte tripe, q.v. [OE scipe] shipmen n. seamen, mariners XV 357, C XVII 99. [OEscipmann] shires n. pi. counties, shires II 159, A III 124, CIII173. [OEscir] shyt v. pr.t.3sg. in phr. ~ wolle shows wool in his droppings C IX 265. [OE scitan] shoed, shod/?/?, fig. as of a horse shod II 164, All 128. [OEscogan] shonye v. avoid Pr 174, C Pr 191; pr.t. 3sg. XI 437, C XIII 243; abs. pr.t. Isg. am afraid V 169. [OE scunian] shoon, shon, shoes n. pi. shoes XIV 333, C V 18. [OEscoh] shoppew. shop C XIV 184; pi. II 216, A II 175, C II 226. [OEscoppu] shordych n. Shoreditch, a City of London

suburb XIII 339. shoriere, shoriare n. fig. prop, support C XVIII 50, 118; pi. C XVIII 25. [fr. MDu schore n.] short adj. brief, short XVIII 298, C XX 331; comp. XIV 60, C XV 259; as n. short man XIV 244, C XVI 84; quasi-

adv. sette ~ bi undervalue XII122, C XIV 65. [OEscort] shot, shotte n. missile, weapons XX/XXII 225; missiles C XX 292. [OE scot] shotte v. \. pa.t.Bsg. thrust C XX 50. 2. imp.pl shoot C XX 292; pa.t.pl. in phr. ~ ayein shot XXVXXII 225. 3. pa.t.Ssg. of eyebrows ~ vp raised abruptly A XII 12. [OEsceotan] shoures n. pi. rainstorms XVIII 409, C XX 452. [OEsciir] shrapep v. pr.t.Ssg. scrapes (clean) XI 433; pr.subj.sg. V 125, C VI 90; fig. pa.t.Ssg. ~hiseeris took heed A V 206. [OE scrapian] shrewed adj. corrupt C Pr 122; sinful C Prl24. [fr. n.] shrewed v. pa.t.lsg. cursed C VI 75. [fr. n.] shrift n. sacramental confession of sin to a priest by a penitent V 378, C VII 8; pi. V 141; sins to be confessed V 143; -of moube oral confession XIV 89, C XVI 30; the sacrament of penance V 125, A V 102, C VI 90; fig. XIII 55; pers. XX/XXII 306; confession, reception of the sacrament of penance V 75, 392, A V 58, C XIV 121; in ~ hearing confession III 37, A III 36. [OE scrift] shryne n. chapel or reliquary containing remains or belongings of a saint, shrine V 558, A VI 45, C VII 202. [OE serin] shryuars n. confessors C Pr 64. [ME fr. v.] shryuen v. 1. administer the sacrament of penance to, hear the confession of Pr 64, 89, XX/XXII 281, A XI 203, C Pr 62; pr.t.3pl. C V 194; intr. XX/XXII 304; pr.t.Ssg. XX/XXII 368. 2. pp. given absolution XIV 9, A XII 14. 3. refl. make a confession, confess V 143; pr.t.lsg. C VI 175; pa.t.Ssg. Ill 44, A XI 281, C VI 422; pr.subj.sg. C IX 238; imp.sg. V 366, C VI 13; intr. pr.t.pl XX/XXII 290; pp. in phr. be(n) ~ make (my) confession V 90, A V 151, C VI 356; pp. V 413, A XII 14, C VII 28. [OE scrifan]

186

shroud - sik

Glossary

173, XI 104, A XII 54, C XI 113; explain, describe VIII 26, A IX 22, C X 30. 6. order XVI 243, C XVIII 260; direct, instruct A II 53; pa.t.Bsg. XIII 99, A X 157, C VIII 202; pi. C XI 135; prescribed XII 102, C XIV 47; pr.t.Bsg. teaches XIII 118; pa.t.pl. X 276; is to ~ means C VII 209. 7. of prayer, ritual recite, say, read as an act of worship XI 314, XII 16, C XVII 117; pr.t.Bsg. XV 127; pi. XIV 63, C XV 262; pa.t.lsg. V 7, A V 7 ; imp.sg. V 445; prp. C V 107; pp. XIII 396, C VI 283. [OEsecgan] sighed see SIKE v. si3t n. 1. the faculty of vision, eyesight XII 103, C IV 180; sight as one of the five senses XIV 55, C XV 254; by synec. eye XVII 327, C XIX 307. 2. visual perception, sight XVII 92; hadde ~ of saw XVII 60, C XIX 63; se in ~ actually see XIX/XXI 180. 3. observation XII 64, XIX/XXI 234, C XIV 30; pi. XII 128, C XIV 79; scrutiny XVI 227; by ~ of w. support, approval of I 206, II 114, A II 78, C I 2 0 1 . 4. presence, sight XVI 130, C VII 301, XI 201. 5. sinful (covetous or lustful) look XIV 13; pi. XVI 33, C XVIII 37; visual temptations XVI 29, C XVIII 33. 6. point of view Pr 32, X279, APr32, C VI 36, 1X115. 7. thing seen, sight XVI 117; apparition III 328, CIII 481; pi. visions XIII 395, C VI 282. 8. demeanour, appearance, look, aspect Pr 16, X 261, A I 110, C XIV 254; pi. of the Trinity manifestations, perceptions XVII 155. 8. Jig. in phr. lees ~ was in eclipse V 491, C VII 131. [OE siht] signer. 1. indication X 146, A XI 99, C IV 149. 2. meaningful gesture XIII 344, C VI 178. 3. token, password X 173. 4. symbol XIII 153. 5. badge Pr 89, XIV 258, C XVI 98; imprint on a coin IV 129, A IV 112, C IV 126. 6. pi. emblems V 521, A VI 9, C VII 166. 7. distinctive personal cipher XX/XXII 272; pi. II 143, A II 78, C II 159; pi. signatures All 107. [AF] sik adj. ailing, infirm, ill XV 577, A VII 239, C VIII 147; fig. of spiritual or moral condition XX/XXII 305, 334; as n. XVII 350, C XIX 330; coll. pi. XVI 110, C IV \22;fig. pi. XVII 122, XX/ XXII 356. [OE seoc]

shroud n. garment Pr 2, A Pr 2, C Pr 2. [OE scrud] shuyuen v. prop, shore C XVIII 20. [OE scufan] sib(be) adj. related, blood kin fig. V 625, XIV 273, A VI 112, C VII 289; as n. blood kin C XII 156. [OE sib(b)] sidder, syddore adj. comp. lower V 192, C VI 200. [OEsid] syde/?. 1. side (of the body) V 79, A V I 7, C VII 164; by meton. hand III 74, C III 76; pi. II 99, C VI 427; (of a coat) pi. XIII 316. 2. bank Pr 8, A Pr 8; edge C X 6 2 . 3. party (in a dispute) V 322, A V 171, C VI 379; pi. (in an arrangement) II 55, A II 34. 4. region C II 175; sonne ~ south CI114. [OEside] sigge(n), segge(n), seye(n), seyn, sayn, seien, sei3e v. 1. state, say, declare III 173, V 642, XVII 32, A III 160, C Pr 206, VII 302; pr.t.lsg. Pr 202, I 134, A IV 57, C VI 82, VIII 306; 3sg. Ill 283, XVIII 29, C XI 202, 268; pi. VI 129, X 290, A VII 121, C IX 131, XI 199; pa.t.lsg. X 236; 3sg. Pr 70, A IV 138, C Pr 68; pi. Pr 50, C XIV 82; pr.subj.sg. V 549, A VI 36; imp.sg. C XII 38; intr. pr.t.lsg. XII 217; 2sg. VI 230, A VII 214, C VIII 236; 3sg. XIII 130, A XII 33; pa.t.lsg. I 131, A I 123; 3sg. XI 415, C XIII 223; pi. X 276, XX/XX 224. 2. of direct discourse say C VI 54; pr.t.3sg. IX 37, A III 54, C XIII 123; pa.t.lsg. I l l , A XI 101, C V 22; 3sg. Pr 124, A I 5, C Pr 96; pi. I 51, A II 116, C II 168; imp.sg. V 445, A V 217, C VII 59; utter as a pronouncement Pr 193, C I 201; pr.t.lsg. I 134, A I 123, C P r l l S ; 3sg. VII 131, A XI 253, C III 485; pa.t.3sg. I 46, A II 133, C I 48; pi. C II 184. 3. speak, utter, say IV 102, V 608, A III 160, C Pr214; pa.t.Bsg. II 189, A l l 150, C I V 151; intr. speak 1146, II 68, A I 134, C I 145; pr.Usg. X 13, A XI 13, C VIII 297; pa.t.lsg. XI 68; 3sg. Pr 159, A XI 4, C XV 176; imp.sg. pers. in phr. ~wel IX 20, A X 19, C X 146; pp. XIII 20, C XV 23. 4. pr.t.3sg. of a book or text says III 248, A VII 219, C III 288. 5. tell (of), recount, report V 22, A V 22, C XIII 174; pr.t.lsg. C XIX 5; pa.t.Bsg. IV 15, A IV 15, C IX 308; imp.sg. X 187

sike - synne

Glossary

sike, sighed v. sigh A XI 193, C III 400; pa.t.lsg. C XVIII 16; 3sg. XIV 329, XVIII 89, CXX91; prp. C V 107. [OE slcan and EME back-formation from its pa.t.sg. sihte] sikelrc. sickle III 308, C V 2 3 . [OEsicol] siker, sikir, sikur adj. 1. safe, secure VII 186, A VIII 164, C IX 332; comp. C I 117; super!. C V 39. 2. fixed, stable XX/XXII 255, C III 335. 3. certain, sure III 50, A III 49, C XIV 29. 4. confident, sure in mind I 132, XVI 234, A I 121. [OE sicor] sykeren v. assure, promise C VII 185. [fr. adj.] sikerly, sicurly adv. for certain VII 52, A VIII 54, C X 2 6 ; without fail C VIII 23; in safety C IV 51; closely, narrowly, straitly XX/XXII 215; comp. more confidently, w. more assurance C VII 141. sikir adv. truly A XI 163; comp. more safely XI 267, C XII 152; more confidently, w. more assurance V 501. [fr- adj.] siknesse, seknesse, seeknesse n. illness, sickness V 413, XV 425, A VII 120, C VII 28; spiritual malady V 482, C VII 124. [OEseocness] silynge^rp. descending XVIII 307, C XX 341. [OSc] silk, selk n. silken cloth, silk Pr 211, A VII 19, C Pr 161; silk robes XV 220. [OE seolc] silk, selk adj. silken, made of silk III 295, A III 270, CIII 448. [fr. n.] siluer, suluer, seluer n. 1. the metal silver Pr 168, A III 21, C IV 127; o f - w. silver studs or bars XV 123. 2. money Pr 81, A Pr 83, C III 109; fig. II 175; pers. C II 70; a financial settlement XIV 269, C XVI 109. [OE sylfor, seolfor] simile n. analogy C XIX 164; in a ~ by analogy C XVIII 227. [L] symme n. man's nickname (for Simon) V 199, AV115, C VI 207. symond, simon n. 1. Simon Peter the first apostle XII 203, C XIV 142; fig. of the pope C IX 258. 2. gen. Simeon's (Luke 2.25) XVIII 250, C XX 259. 3. fig. gen. ~ sones simoniacal clergy, followers of Simon Magus (Acts 8.9-23) C V 79. symonye n. taking or requesting payment for the conferment of religious benefits,

sale of ecclesiastical preferments, venality in the ecclesiastical courts XX/XXII 137, C IX 55; pers. II 63, III 148, A II 35, C II 186; for ~ despite the risk of being guilty of simony Pr 86, A Pr 83, C Pr 84. [AF simonie] symple adj. 1. candid, guileless XIII 217, C XV 186; fig. in name pouere ~ of herte poor in spirit (Mat. 5.3) XVI 8. [AF simple] sympletee, simplite n. candour, honesty X 170, A XI 122. [Afsimplete] syn prep, subsequent to, since X 73; as conj. considering that, since IX 87, XX 322. [contr. fr. sfyen] synay, synoye n. Mount Sinai V 521, A VI 14, C VII 171. synful, synfol adj. 1. in a state of sin, guilty of offending God XVIII 328, C VII 145; not saintly V 497, C VII 137; wicked, deep in sin V 463, A XII 24, C X 162. 2. offensive to God, sinful IX 64; as coll. n. sinful humankind V 498, C VII 153; sinful people XVI 110, XIX/XXI22. [OE synful] synge(n)v. 1. sing XIII 233, A XI 193, C XV 207; pr.Usg. XV 193, C XVI 336; pa.t.lsg. C VI 46; pi V 338, A VII 107, C VI 396. 2. chant, intone (in religious service) V 416, XV 225, C V 12, VII 10; sing masses in chantries Pr 86, A Pr 83, C III 53; pr.t.lsg. pray formally in church C V 48; pr.subj.pl. XIII 45, C XV 50. 3. trans. Ill 328, C III 481; pa.t.lsg. XIX/XXI211; 3sg. XII 150, C XX 465; pi. V 508, C VII 153; sing or say Mass C V 63; pr.t.Bsg. XV 127; pi III 253, A III 232, C XIII 105. [OE singan] syngynge ger. singing XI 151, C XII 86. singuler adj. 1. exceptional, outstanding XIII 282, C VI 36. 2. single XVI 208. 3. of gram, number singular IX 36. [AF] synken v. sink, be submerged by A II 70; pa.t.3sg. sank, fell XVIII 67, C XX 69; pi. XIV 81. [OEsincan] synne n. 1. moral offence seen in Christian terms as transgression of divine law and offensive to the deity, sin II 175, III 58, 277, A III 255, V 104, C Pr 107, I 193; pi 180, A VI 86, C III 359. 2. the sin of Adam V 484, A XI 69, C XX 391. 3. fallen humanity's disposition to

188

synne - skile

Glossary

time, since then V 440, XV 232, C VII 54, XVIII 139; thence-forward V 540, A VI 28, C VII 185. [OE sifyan] sip, sipens, sippe, sethe, sen(n)es prep. after, since Pr 84, IX 170, A X 191, C X271, XI 53. [as prec.] cp. syn. sip, sippe, sypen(e)s, suthe, seth(e)(n), sen(n)es conj. 1. from the time that, since Pr 64, II 26, A V 228, C Pr 62, V 40. 2. seeing that, since X 136, 270, A VIII 62, X206, CII137, 368. [as sib] sipen. scythe III 308, C V 2 3 . [OEwjrc] sipes, sithe n. pi. times: of quantities, amounts Pr231, A Pr 109, C XVI 234; of occasions, instances V 424, A IX 17, C VII 37. [OE«/>] sitte(n) v. 1. be seated, sit V 386, A VIII 19, CIII 11; pr.t.3sg. XII 203, C XIV 142; pi. A X 59, C VI 54; pa.t.lsg. XVI 225, C XV 106; 3sg. V 307, A V 158, C P r l l 4 ; pi. V 338, A VII 107, C VI 396; pr.subj.sg. XII 2; pa.subj.sg. C VI 99, XIV 2; fig. sit enthroned V 606, A VI 93, C VII 255; pr.t.Ssg. V 610, A VI 96, C I 122; prp. C XIX 203; fig. II 172, All 136; pa.t.Ssg. II 165, All 129. 2. pr.t.Ssg. sit in judgement XIV 288, XIX/XXI 304, C XVI 123; pi Pr 96, C Pr 94. 3. in position VII 146, A VIII 128, C IX 295; pr.t.Ssg. C IX 108; pi. hang V 529, A VI 17, C XVIII 64; pa.t.pi V 520, A VI 8, C VII 165. 4. stay, remain fig. XIV 219, C I 114; pr.subj.sg. C X 40. 5. seat (oneself), sit XIII 33; pr.t.Ssg. C IX 251; pa.t.lsg. V 7, A V 7 . 6. pa.t.Ssg. of a reptile XVIII 288. [OEsittan] sixe num. six: as adj. Ill 326, A XI 106, CIII 479; as n. 1X23, A X 22; -score dayes duration of a legal term III 146, C III 184. [OEn'x] sixte num. adj. as n. sixth XIV 304, C XVI 139. [OEsixta] sixty num. sixty: as adj. V 434, C III 234; asn. XX/XXII 24. [OE sixtig] skalones n. shallots, scallions C VIII 308. [AF scalun] skile, skele n. 1. cause, reason XI 1, XII 216, C VI 22, XVIII 83; pi. C XI 160, XIII 130; grounds X 306, C V 1 5 3 ; reasons of excuse XVII 336, C XIX 316. 2. reasoning, intelligence C XV 135; line of argument or thought XIV 281, XVII 198, A XII 34, C XVI 121. 3. sound judge-

sin, sinfulness I 203, XIV 326, A I 177, C XVIII 286; fig. XIV 326, C XVIII 38; persistence in sin V 13, 363, A V 142, C Pr 124, X 221; temptation to sin VIII 45, A X 77, C XVII 285. 4. guilt of sin I 149, A IX 41, C I 146; a state of sin C X 213; wipouten any ~ innocent of man XVI 99, C XVIII 132. 5. pi. seuene ~ the capital sins XIV 202, C XVI 60. 6. dedly ~ sin that deserves damnation, mortal sin I 144, A IX 46, C VI 276; pi. IX 210; venial ~ less grievous sin, punished in purgatory XIV 93. 7. grave error XI 431, C XIII 238. [OE synn] synnelees, synneles adv. without sinning VI 230, A VII 214, C VIII 236; without sin C XIV 41. [OEsynleas] synne(n), synege(n) v. commit sin, sin V 66, A V 1 5 1 , C VII 124; pr.t.Ssg. VIII 21, A IX 23, C XIX 165; pp. VII 184, A VIII 162, C X 214; pr.subj.sg. may fall into sin XII 172, C XIV 112. [OE synnian, syngian] synneward n. in phr. to ~ toward sin XIII 345, C VI 179. [ME] sire, sir n. 1. in respectful address sir XI 411, C X 1 2 7 ; pi. XX/XXII244; before a title lord Pr 125, A IV 128, C II 249; honorific ~ Piers XIX/XXI 343; before a pers. IX 1, A X 17, C IV 34; as honorific before an academic title XIII 103, C XV 121; a priest's Christian name V 312, C VI 367; used derisively V 189, A V 184, C VIII 275; satirically II 114, IV 67, XX/XXII311, A II 53; indignantly XX/XXII 186. 2. father Pr 193, A II 19, C Pr 109; gen. ~ name father's surname C III 367. 3. as n. lord A XI 62, C VIII 280; pi. A XI 22, C Pr 179; ruler XVIII 280, C XX 302. [AF] syse «.(!) assize, judicial inquest C II 181. [AF] syse «.(2) Assisi in Umbria C VII 166. sisour n. juror impanelled at an assize or inquest, sworn recognitor IV 167, C IV 162; pi II 59, A II 44, C II 61; fig. II 165, A II 129; pi C II 182. [AF assissour red.] sip, sip(p)en, sipenes, seth, sethe(n), se(n)ne(s) adv. 1. then, thereupon, afterwards Pr 128, I 68, III 47, A I 134, IV 15, C III 409, VI 356. 2. next (in order) V41, IX 103, A V 37, XI 251, C VII 144; also IX 136, C IX 308. 3. from that 189

skile - snakes

Glossary

ment, good sense C VI 25; a reasonable frame of mind XIX/XXI 284. [cp. OI skit\ skilfole adj. as n. discerning one C XI 94. [ME] skynnes n. pi. skins, pelts V 256. [cp. OI skinn] skipte v. pa.t.3sg. moved swiftly, leapt XI 107, C XII 41. [?OSc] skolde n. ill-natured woman A XII 34. [? cp. OI skald] skornfully adv. contemptuously A XII 12. [ME] slake, slokke v. satisfy XV 281; quench XVIII 368, C XX 410. [OE slacian] sleen, slen v. kill Pr 206, A III 263, C VI 107; pr.t.pl. XVII 278, C XIX 259; pa.t.pl. X54, A XI 40, C XI 35; imp.sg. V 577, A VI 64, C VII 224; pp. C Pr 113, XI 264; pr.t.3sg. abolishes XIV 91; destroys XIV 95; abs. pa.t.3sg. brought death XX/XXII 150. [OEslean] sleep n. 1. sleep II 97. 2. sluggish inactivity Pr45, II 99, APr45, CPr46. [OE step] sleight, sleythe n. 1. prudence, wisdom XIX/XXI 98; pi. wise counsels XIII407. 2. stratagem XVIII 162; pi. XIX/XXI 99; schemes C VI 107. 3. pi. cunning tricks XIII 364, XV 129, C II 94, XIX 236; by ~ dishonestly XX 14. 4. sophistical argument XIX/XXI 457. [cp. OI sl<egS\ slei3 adj. skilled, expert XX/XXII 163; superl. most dexterous, capable XIII 297. [cp. OI slcegr] sleyliche adv. craftily C VI 107; superl. by most secret design C XI 264. [ME] slepev. 1. sleep A VIII 150; fig. VI 301, A VII 285, C VIII 323; pr.Usg. XIV 2; 2sg. 15, A I 5, C I S ; 3sg. XI 267, C XII 152; pa.t.lsg. V 375, C Pr 8; 3sg. V360, AV202, C VI 418; pi XIV 69, C XV 268; pr.subj.sg. V 604, A VI 91, C VII 252; prp. XI 413, C XIII 221; while asleep Pr 231, A VIII 133, C Pr 13; in her sleep XVIII 300; pp. V 4, A V 4. 2. fall asleep VIII 67, C Pr 7; pa.t.Bsg. XIII 21. 3. lie in bed XVII 328, C XIX 308. 4. doze in idleness C V 9; fig. pr.t.pl. are spiritually inert C XV 303. [OE sLepan, slepan] slepyng ger. state of being asleep, sleep Pr 10, V6, APr 10, V6.

sleube, slewthe, sloube n. 1. sluggish idleness, slothfulness Pr 45, VI 143, A Pr45, C VIII 244, 1X159. 2. the capital sin of sloth V 449, A V 221, C II 106, XI 108; fig. A II 66; pers. V 385, A V 213, CVII1. [OEstewfi sliken v. pr.t.Ssg. make sleek, fill out II 99. [*slidan] slymy adj. bleary, rheumy V 385, C VII 1. [cp. OE slim n.] slynge n. weapon for throwing stones by hand, sling XX/XXII 163. [MLG and cp. AF eslinge] slombred, slomeride v. pa.t.lsg. dozed off, drifted Pr 10, A Pr 10. [MDu slumeren] sloo n. wet earth, mud C XII 180. [OE slob] slow adj. sluggish, inert XIII 407; idle C VIII 243. [OEsltew] smale adj. little Pr 147; small C XVIII 63; as n. fig. XVI 80, C XVIII 111; thin A XII 78. [OE sm<el] smaii3te, smauhte v. pa.t.Ssg. smelled V 356, C VI 414. [OE gesmteccan] smellep see SMYLLE. smerte adv. hard, painfully XI436, C XIII 242. [cp. OE smeart] smerteb v. 1. pr.t.pl. hurt, cause to smart XVII 329, C XIX 309. 2. impers. pr.subj. hem ~ they are in distress III 168, A III 155. [OEsmeortan] smylle, smellep v. 1. bear the smell of C VII 50. 2. pr.t.Ssg. fig. stinks XI 436, C XIII242. [? OE smellan, *smillan] smyte v. 1. strike C VI 105; pr.t.Ssg. C XX 385; pa.t.3sg. C XVIII 155; pp. Ill 324, C III 477; pr.t.pl. have an effect like a blow, hit XVII 327, C XIX 307, 327. 2. pr.t.3sg. fig. affects XI 436, C XIII 242. [OEsmitan] smyth n. blacksmith III 324, 477. [OE sm ip] smythye, smethe v. forge, refashion by smithing III 307, C III 460; pr.Usg. manufactures, forges III 324; pr.subj.sg. C III 477. [OE smipian, srnepan} smoke n. smoke XVII 327, C XIX 309. [OE smoca] smolder n. acrid vapour from burning wet wood XVII 327, C XIX 309. [cp. ME smarter] snakes n.pl snakes XV 112, C XVI 267. [OE snaca]

190

snow - solace(n)

Glossary

immediately XIX/XXI 5. [AF sodein adj.] soden v. pa.t.Ssg. boiled, stewed XV 293, C XVII 20; pp. XV 433, C IX 149. [OE seofran] sodenes, southdenes n. pi. officials of the ecclesiastical court next in rank below dean, subdeans, parish priests appointed as rural deputies to enforce ecclesiastical law II 173, XV 132, A II 137, C II 190. [AF *sudene: cp. CF sodaien, souzdaien] sodome, sodoume n. Sodom XIV 76, C XV 230. sofistre n. expert practitioner C XVII 309. [AF] soft adj. 1. quiet, low VIII 122, A IX 112, C X 1 1 8 . 2. pleasantly warm Pr 1, A Pr 1. CPr 1. [OE] softe adv. 1. gently, in a comforting manner XX/XXII 313; comp. XX/XXII 310. 2. slowly XIV 211, C IV 54, XVI 52. 3. spynnen ~ spin so as to produce loose yarn V214, A V 130. [OE] softely adv. 1. quietly, w. a low voice III 37, XIII 199, A III 36, C II 168. 2. w. an easy gait II 165, A II 129; comfortably C II 181. 3. slowly XVIII 117, C XV 28, XX 120. 4. discreetly, unobtrusively C IV 162. 5. without resisting, weakly V 7, A V 7. 6. w. affection C III 54. [OE softlice] soil(l)ed v. pa.t.lsg. dirtied, befouled, stained XIV 13; pp. XIII 342. [AF soiller] soiourneth v. 1. pr.t.Ssg. is in residence C X 18. 2. pa.t.lsg. delayed XVII 86. [AF sojourner] sokene, sokne n. soke, privileged administrative division of territory, liberty II 111, A II 75, C I I I 14. [OEsocn] solace, solas n. 1. comfort, consolation VII 88, XIV 283, C XVI 311; good cheer XII 150, C XIV 94. 2. enjoyment, pleasurable circumstances XIV 159, XVIII 219, C XII 208, XIII 19; amusement C VIII 22; in ~ takeb cheerfully accepts XV 173, C IX 131. [AF solas] solace(n) v. 1. comfort, give hope and spiritual encouragement V 498, C VII 256; pr.Usg. C XVI 152; pi. XIII 452, C VII 112; pp. XIX/XXI 22. 2. cheer, hearten XVII 237, C XIX 203. 3. fig. entertain, amuse XIII 442, C VII 102;

snown. snow XV 112, C XVI 267. [OE maw] so adv. 1. in the manner described, thus, so II 24, III 109, A II 86, CIII 95; in such terms X 252; in that state XIII 408; by that means XIV 191, XX 16, A XI 236(1), C I 145, XVII 20; similarly III 344, V 37, A V 241, VIII 109, C V 99, XI 43; w. ben of a situation so, such, the case IV 137, V 498, VII 150, A II 19, C VIII 97; of contingency: ~ it may bifalle such a thing can happen XVI 60; ~ myhte happe as it could turn out C XV 6; ~ may be as is possible C V 33; if possible C VIII 41. 2. impl. or indie, of consequence to such effect, in such as way (that) Pr 126, XIII 64, A II 24, C XV 24; to such an extent, degree so: w. v. VI 256, X 76, A VII 163, C VII 304; w. adj. Pr 188, A V 106, C I 55; w. adv. P r l O , XV 3, A I 42, 72, C VII 49; int. w. adj. or n. of quantity so Pr 202, XII 5, A XII 8, C IX 95; by ~ muche to that extent III 353, C VII 141; neuere ~ w. subj. however VIII 32, A IX 28, C III 423. [OEswd] soconj. 1. accordingly VII 182, X 257, A XI 195, C I 199, V44; correspondingly, similarly XII 83, C III 329; so, thus V 428, IX 90, C VII 41, XII 97; consequently V613, VII 71, A VI 99, C VI 247, X 43; by that (means) VI 228, IX 208, A XI 124, C XI 98; then, next V 566, 570, A VI 57, C VII 213. 2. intro. adjuration III 8, V 226, A IV 91, C X 108 3. provided (that) IV 102, 193, A VI 70, 123, C II 128, III 389; by ~ XI 74, XII 166, C IV 98, 187; by ~ bat XIV 55. [OEswd\ sobbed v. pa.t.Ssg. wept w. sobs XIV 329. [?] sobre adj. temperate, controlled XIV 55, C XV 254. [AF] sobreliche adv. gravely XIII 203. [ME fr. adj.] sobretee, sobirte n. moderation, temperance pers. X 170, A XI 122, C XVI 152; fig. XIII 217, XIV 318, C XV 186; selfrestraint XIV 298, C XVI 134. [AF sobrete] socourrc. help XX/XXII 170. [AF] sodeynliche adv. 1. abruptly, without warning XIII 20, C XV 23; all of a sudden XVII 215, C XIX 181. 2. forthwith, 191

solace(n) - soone

Glossary

refl. take recreation XII 22. [AF solacier] soleyn n. solitary, man without a companion XII 205, C XIV 144. [AF solein] solempneliche adv. ceremoniously C III 54. [AF solempne] solitarie adj. alone, without company C XVII 7. [AF] solue v. sing to the sol-fa syllables V 416, C VII 31. [MLsoluare] som(e), somme, sum pron. indef. sg. one person, one III 286, XVI 142, A III 262, C III 439; an unspecified amount or portion, some VI 263, XV 248, A VII 247, C XVII 20; pi. an indefinite number of persons, some people, some Pr 20, IV 110, A Pr 23, X 182, C Pr 90, XIV 103; w. advers. force others I 125(2), XI 198(2), A I 114, C Pr 93, IX 199; indef. one or more V 627, A VI 112; one here, another there XIII 345, C VI 179. [OEsum] som, somme, sum(e), summe adj. w. sg. n. 1. one or another, some (or other) II 4, V 373, VIII 125, A XI 113, C III 292, IV 149. 2. some (rather than none*) X 443, XIV 217, C XVI 58. 3. some (sort or degree of) XVII 319, C II 131, V 127. 4. w. pi. n. certain, some particular XI 226, XV 351, C X I 196, XVIII 149. 5. in adv. phr. ~ tyme on occasion, occasionally, sometimes V371, CIII 120, VI 79, VII 28, XII 38; at one time V 137, XII 295, XIV 122, C III 104, XV 298; some time or other XIV 119, C XV 295; awhile V 199, A V 1 1 5 , C VI 207; eventually XIX/XXI 441, C XVI 17; once XVIII 297, C XX 330; at least once C VIII 22; at intervals XV 193, C V 47; ~ tymes formerly XIII 309, C VI 57. [OE sum} somde(e)I, sumdel adv. in some degree V 431, 1X151, C X X 8 ; to some extent III 92, XIV 279, A III 81, C XVI 119; in some measure C VIII 41; very much, greatly C VII 190. [OE sumd<et] somer, somur n. summer XIV 115, C VI 112; fig. a time of enjoyment XIV 164, C XVI 17. [OEsumor] somme n. total number, sum XVII 32, C XIX 33. [AF] somme adj. of one mind, w. one accord III 13, A III 13, C III 14. [OEgesom or ME isom] somonour, sompnour n. officer who

summons defendants to an ecclesiastical court IV 167, C IV 162; pi. II 59, A II 44, C I I I 9 0 . [AF] sompne, somone, somoune v. 1. call together, summon II 159, A II 123, C II 175. 2. issue a summons III 316, C III 469. 3. pp. invited XI 112, C XII 47. [AF somoner] somwhat, sumwhat/»ro«. indef. something (to come) C XVIII 263; something (of doctrine) XV 393, A XI 181; in phr. dyne ~ have something to eat, have some dinner VI 260, A VII 244, C VIII 276; for ~ for a purpose XI 92, C XII 33. [ME] somwhat, sumwhat adv. to some extent, degree XII 20, XIX/XXI 453. [ME] sond, soend, sand n. land XI 327, C XVII 89; earth C XIV 40. [OE] sonday, sonenday n. Sunday V 360, A V 202, C XVIII 181; pi II 224, A l l 183, C IX 228. [OE sunnandteg] sonde n. 1. ordering of events C VI 111, IX 179. 2. gift C XVI 136. 3. message 1X130. [OEsand] sondry, sundry adj. 1. separate, individually distinct XVII 155, C XVIII 190; the several XIV 269, C XVI 109. 2. different XIII 38; various XII 31, XV 282, C Pr 96, XVIII 152. [OE syndrig] sone n. son IV 45, A IV 32, C III 368; pi. VII 169, A X 167, C V 72; of Christ I 167, A VI 121, C VI 171; in relig. address 15, A IX 22, C XVIII 67. [OE sunu] songn. song XII 150, C XIII 17; pi. C VI 189; of- as a singer XIII 297. [OE] songewarie, sowngewarie n. interpretation of dreams VII 154, C IX 303. [ME fr. AF soungnarie] sonne n. sun Pr 1, A V 202, C Pr 14; fig. C XVIII 72; pi. Ill 326, C III 479; sunlight V81, A V 6 4 . [OE sunne] sonnen v. bleach in the sun XIV 21. [fr. n.] soone, sone adv. 1. in a short time, before long VI 129, A IV 57, C XV 94. 2. immediately III 47, A XII 47, C XII 6; so ~ directly C X 249; quickly XI 425, C XIII 64. 3. readily, easily III 57, A VIII 11, C XV 175; comp. sooner X 423, A XI 282, C XI 255; more readily XII 171, A XI 309, C III 62; pe ~ without delay C II 144; superl. most

192

soone - sotile

Glossary

24; pers. truth itself, the principle of truth ideally fulfilled in conduct II 189, IV 162, A II 150, C II 203; true justice XVII 305, C XIX 285. [ME] sop n. piece of bread dipped in liquid as obj. of little value XIII 125; fig. mouthful XV 180. [AF sope] sopares n. soap manufacturers C V 72. [ME] sope n. soap fig. XIV 6. [OE sape] soperw. supper V371, C VIII 273. [AF] sophistrie n. specious or dishonest argument XIX/XXI 347. [AF soupstrie] sorcerie, soercerie, sorsery n. 1. the magic arts X 215, A XI 158; enchantment XV 12; charms C VI 191. 2. sorcery, witchcraft XV 596, C XVII 309. [AF] sore n. 1. injury C XX 385; pi. fig. wounds XX/XXII 358. 2. pi. sicknesses, diseases, XV 589, XX/XXII 97, C XVII 300. [OEsdr] sory adj. 1. unhappy, sorry V 128, XI 104, A V 105, C XV 211. 2. sorry to have offended God, contrite V 399, A VI 86, C VI 91, VII 15; as n. person in distress XVII 350, C XIX 330; coll. pi. pe~ A XI 193. [QEsdrig] sortesn. Socrates XII 271, C XIV 192. sorwe, sorewe n. 1. grief, distress V 491, XIV 283, C P r l l 3 , XIV 80; depression A V 213. 2. misery XII 248; period of affliction Pr 191; state of wretchedness XX/XXII 199. 3. affliction, distress, trouble IV 62, C VII 86; misfortune XII 116, C XIV 61; ruin III 163, A 111 144; pi. XVII 340, C XVI 311; calamities C III 90. 4. suffering, pain V 489, XX/ XXII 43, C VII 130, XVI 327; hardship, discomfort C XX 2. 5. misfortune, punishment II 121, A III 153, C XIX 311; ~ on bad luck to II 116, A II 80. 6. compunction, contrition V 127, XVII 320, A V 104, C XVI 29; self-reproach XII 248. [OEsorh] sorweful adj. in great distress XVII 92, C XVIII 15.[OEsorbful\ sothfastnesse n. pers. Christ who is truth XVI 186. [OE soffestness} sotil adj. 1. unsubstantial, incorporeal XV 12. 2. expert, accomplished XIII 297, C X 208. 3. clever XVIII 54, C IV 149; crafty, cunning XV 400. 4. intricate, ingenious XV 48, C XVI 210. [AF] sotile v. develop subtle arguments, make

quickly I 70, A I 68, C III 436; most readily III 58. [OE sona] soor adj. painful XIV 97. [OE sdr] soore, sore adv. painfully XVIII 49, C XX 49; grievously V 393, XVIII 88, A II 105, C VI 276; bitterly V 98, 462, A V 234, C VII 149; comp. more intensely C XV 282; extremely XIV 162, C VII 85; strenuously XIX/XXI 438, XX/XXII 260; firmly, hard XI 225; earnestly XVII 295, C XIX 276; deeply V 504. [OE sdre] scores see SORE. soop, sope, soeth n. w. forms of siggen truth, that which is true Pr 52, A IV 48, C II 26; pi. home truths III 283, C III 436; w. forms o/telle the plain truth IX 159, A X 182, C XVII 211; pe ~ the real facts, actual circumstances, true situation I 86, III 217, XI 96, A IV 66, C III 273; of points of law XIV 288, C XVI 123; in phr. for ~ for a fact XI 298, C V 3, XVI 305; quasi-adv. truly V 595, C V 86; for sure V 632, C VII 285. [OEso>] soop, sop, soeth adj. true attr. X 16, A X 81; superl. X 447; pred X 436, A VII 121, C X 2 1 2 , XI 199; valid VII 66, A VIII 68, C IX 62; correct XI 439, XVI 60, C V 92, XVI 206; fulfilled as truth X333. [OEso>] soobfast, sothfaste, soethfaste adj. veritable X 242, C XI 284; unwavering, steadfast XIII 217, C XI 129; fig. uniform in quality C XVIII 69. [OE sopfest} sooply, sobly, soethly adv. honestly XIV 314, C VII 190; openly, candidly X 236, A XI 179, C I 116; plainly C VII 280; justly C I I I 246, 330; truly V 238, XII 133, A XI 175, C X 18, XIX 57; veritably XVI 145, C VII 209, XVII 179; for a fact XII 173, XIX/XXI 371, C XVIII 58; indeed III 190, A III 177, C IX 218, XI 281; really XI 240, C XII 129; certainly XX/XXII 244, C II 138, XVII 184; actually X 279, XV 162, C XI 129, XVI 227, XVII 307; effectively III 5, A III 5, C III 5; in a real sense XI 335, XVII 149, C XIII 143; w. true devotion XIX/XXI 87. [OE sofllce] soobnesse, sopnesse, soethnesse n. devotion to truth XI 147, C XII 82; pers. God who is truth II 24, XVIII 283, C II

193

sotile - space

Glossary

over-fine distinctions X 188, A XI 140; pa.t.lsg. skilfully composed C VI 189; contrived w. ingenuity X 220; pr.t.Bsg. craftily plans XIX/XXI 457; pa.t.lsg. schemed C XX 333; 3sg. C XVII 169. [AF sotiller] sotiltees n. 1. fine points of knowledge C XIV 76. 2. strategems, artifices C XII 240. [AF] sottes n. fools, blockheads X 8, A X 59; worthless rascals C IX 257. [AF sot] souche v. devise, contrive C XII 240; pr.subj.sg. intends C II 26. [AF soucher] soude n. money paid as fee or retainer III 353. [AFsoude] soudeb v. pr.t.Bsg. pays (as soldiers) XIX/XXI 429. [AFsouder] souke v. suck fig. XI 121, C XII 56. [OE sucan] soule /i(l) 1. the individual's incorporeal and immortal part as seen in its relation to its creator and according to that relation, as capable of attaining to eternal bliss, or, failing that, of being liable to eternal torment I 37, 62, 84, VI 87, 252, A III 49, IV 123, VI 69, VII 136, X 72, 77, C V 39, VI 314, VII 88, X 158, XVII 82; pi. II 141, V 127, VII 84, A II 70, C V 48, 198, VIII 96. 2. the inner self, heart of hearts X 263, XIII 287, A III 58. 3. the emotional part of man's nature, spirit XII 57, XIX/XXI 293, C XIV 115; disposition XVII 263, C XIX 229; of Christ as man XVIII 304. 4. person, individual III 353, X 305, C V 152; pi. VII 184, XIII 45, A X 175, CXII 151, XVIII 15. [OE sdwol] soule, sowl «.(2) relish, condiment C VIII 284; fig. C XVII 24. [OEsufet\ sound adj. uninjured VIII 33, A IX 29, C X40. [OEsund] souneth, sowne v. pr.t.3sg. inphr. ~to has t o d o w . C V I 5 9 ; pr.subj.sg. XIX/XXI 453, C XI 77; pr.Usg. implies C IX 217. [AF souner] soupe(n) v. eat supper, sup II 97, A VII 203, C VIII 227; pr.t.Ssg. XV 180; pi. XIV 178, C XVI 13. [AFsouper] sour adj. 1. tart, acid XI 367, C XIII 177; vinegary XIII 43, C XV 48; ~ loof sour loaf of leavened bread XIII 49, C XV 55; spoiled, past its prime XVI 72, C XVIII 99. 2. disagreeable, painful XI 259, XX/XXII47, C XX 218. [OEsur]

soure adv. disagreeably, painfully II 141, CII157. [OEsure] soutere n. cobbler XIII 339, C VI 83; pi. X 467, A XI 184; somer game of ~ guild entertainment, (?) football game V 406. [OEsutere] southdenes see SODENES. south adv. in the south VII 146, A VIII 128. [OEsup] southe, sowpe n. south C I 117, IX 295. [OE sup} southwerk, southewerk n. Southwark XIII 339, CVI83. southwestrene, southwestryne, southweste adj. from the southwest V 14, A V 14, C V 116. [OE supwesterne] souereyn n. 1. supreme ruler XIX/XXI 77. 2. pi. persons of highest rank XII 200, C XIV 139; most exalted souls X 432, A XI 291, C XI 268. 3. superiors VI 80, A VII 72, C VIII 82. [AF] souereyn, souerayn adj. 1. greatest, supreme XIV 115, XVIII 219, C XV 291; of supreme excellence XI 379. 2. superlatively efficacious Pr 159, XX/XXII 372, C I 147; highly beneficial X 211. 3. principal X 215, A XI 158; superior CVI27. [cp.prec.] souereynly adv. w. absolute power C XX 394; most particularly, above all X 207, XI 184, C XIII 201; beyond all else C VI 92. [fr. adj.] so ware n. one who sows, sower C XVIII 225. [fr. v.] sowe n. sow XI 342, C XIII 150; pi. V 340, C VI 398. [OEsugu] sowe v.(l) 1. sow seed V 541, A VI 29, C VII 186; pr.t.lsg. V 546. 2. trans. sow VI 63, A VII 58, C VII 187; pa.t.lsg. XIII 374, C VI 271; pi. XV 365, C XVII 102; pp. V 543, A VI 31, C XII 180; pp. sowed land w. seed VI 5, C VIII 3; fig. pa.t.Ssg. XIX/XXI 275. [OE sdwari] sowe, sewe v.(2) 1. fashion by sewing, sew VI 11, C VIII 10; sew at, work at w. needle and thread A VII 19. 2. sew up VI 9, A VII 9, C VIII 8. [OE seowtan] sowestere n. seamstress V 307, A V 158, C VI 362. [MEfr. v.] sowynge(e) ger. sowing Pr 21, A VIII 104, CPr23. spacer. 1. opportunity III 171, A III 158, CIII 217. 2. period IX 100. [AF]

194

spade - sperhauk

Glossary

speke(n) v. 1. utter words, speak XIV 85, XV 56, C VI 432, XIV 7; pa.t.3sg. X 454, C XIII 225, XVIII 230; pi XIX/XXI 130. 2. converse, talk C III 463; pa.t.3sg. XIV 99; pi. II 228, A II 187, C II 238; ~ togideres XV 275; pr.t.Ssg. ~ to addresses XVIII 262, C XX 270; pa.t.Ssg. XIII 180; instructed V214, A V 130; pi. invited C II 238. 3. make a statement, express a view, opinion, speak Pr 129, III 171, A III 158, C III 217; pr.t.3sg. XI 287, XVII 35, C XIX 36; pa.t.Ssg. C XV 152; pa.t.2sg. stated XII 192. 4. pr.t.3sg. -of refers to XII 143, XV 574, C XIII 101, XIV 87; pa.t. Ssg. I 49, A I 47, C XVI 36; pi. dispute about V 149, C VI 122; pa.t.lsg. mentioned XIX/XXI 373; Ssg. XIII 24. 5. ~ ayein disagree w. XIII 132; pr.t. Ssg. criticizes XV 54, C XVI 216; pr.t. Ssg. pleads in court VII 47, A VIII 49, C IX 46. 6. trans, say, speak Pr 111, XV 611, C II 104; pr.t.2sg. XIX/XXI 402; pa.t.Ssg. V 362, A V 204, C VI 420; pi. C IV 44. [OE specan] spekes n. caves XV 275. [L specus] spele v. live frugally, save C XIII 77. [OE spelian] spelle v. declare (in an act of faith) XV 611, C XVII 319. [OEspellian] spelonkes n. caverns XV 275. [L spelunca] spences, spensis n. costs, outlay XIV 198, C XVI 39. [AF espense] spende, spene v. 1. pay out, disburse, spend X103, A VII 209, C V 64, XI 75; pr.tpl XV 329, C XVII 72; pr.subj.pl. XV 143; pp. XV 133, C XVI 280; pr.t. Ssg. incurs expense XVII 80; intr. spend VI 223, C II 104; pr.t.pl XV 77, C XVI 236; pr.subj.sg. X 90. 2. pr.t. Ssg. puts to use VII 47, A VIII 49, C IX 46; pi. C IX 74; ~ vppon/on use for the benefit of C XIII11; pp. V373. [OE spendan] spendynge ger. disbursement XIV 198, C XVI 39; squandering XV 126; as attr. ~ siluer means of support XI 287, C XIII 101. spendour n. spendthrift C V 28. [fr. v.] spene see SPENDE. spere n. spear XVIII 12, C XX 80. [OE spere] sperhauk n. sparrowhawk VI 196. [OE spearhafoc]

spade n. spade III 309, C III 462; pi VI 187, A VII 175, C VIII 183. [OE spadu] spayne«. Spain XV 521, C XVII 272. spakliche adv. eagerly, urgently XVII 84; ~ he loked his look was alert, eager XVIII 12, C XX 10. [cp. OI spakliga] spare v. 1. ~to avoid, refrain from X 103, XI 101, C XII 35; pr.t.Ssg. XIX/XXI 302; pa.t.lsg. XVI 64; pr.t.lsg. hold back C VI 151; trans. pr.t.Ssg. refrains from using V 40, C V 138; imp.sg. A VII 11; pa.t.Ssg. refrained from killing III 273, C III 426; imp.sg. leave undestroyed III 272, C III 425. 2. save, put by C IX 74; pa.t.3sg. hoarded up, saved XV 143; abs. pr.t.pl hoard XII 51; do without C X 84; pp. saved V 373; abs. live sparingly C XIII 77. 4. ~ for to be your friend be niggardly in cultivating your friendship III 51. [OE sparian] sparyngeger. refraining V435, C VII 48. speche n. 1. utterance, speech V 183, 435, A X 53, C X 186, XIV 7; language X 213, A XI 241, C X I 280. 2. the ability to speak IV 156, VII 47, A VIII 49. 3. talk II 154, A II 118, C II 45, III 109; discourse XIII 150, A XI 122, C X 56; formal statement, pronouncement A X 34, XI 241. 4. mode of speaking, address, speech II 42, IV 17, A VI 40, 53, C II 86, 242. 5. of content, w. pass. what (sbody) said, (sbody's) speech Pr 52, 72, A Pr 69, C IV 153, XVI 208. [OE sp<ec, spec] spechelees adj. lacking the faculty of speech XV 36, C XVI 198. [OE sp&deas] special adj. exceptional, extraordinary XIX/XXI 30. [AF] spede v. 1. succeed in phr. -if ... my3te in the hope of success III 171, XVII 84, A III 158, C III 217. 2. prosper, get on III 272, VI 45, A VII 44, C VII 240; pa.t.pl C XIII 24. 3. trans, further, promote satisfaction of XX/XXII 55; pr. subj.sg. cause to prosper C X 108. 4. re/7. pa.t.Ssg. hastened, moved swiftly XVII 84; bestirred himself A XII 100. [OE spedan] spedeliche adj. beneficial, helpful A XII 100. [OEspediglic] spedily adv. quickly, without delay A VII 11. [fr. adj.]

195

spice - stared

Glossary

spice n. 1. Jig. herbal medicine I 149; pi. spices V303, AV153, C VI 358. [AF] spicede pa.t.Ssg. seasoned w. spices XIX/XXI288. [fr.n.] spycers, spysours n. apothecaries, dealers in spices II 228, A X 125, C II 238. [AF spicer] spie n. 1. scout XVII 1, C XIX 1. 2. secret agent XIX/XXI 340. [AF espie] spiek n. ear of grain C XII 181. [? CF espic, spic but cp. AF espi, spi\ spien v. be on the lookout for II 228. [AF espier] spyer see SPIRE. spillev. 1. put to death XIX/XXI 302. 2. ruin III 310; pr.t.Ssg. spoils V 40, C V 138; pa.t.lsg. C VI432; imp.sg. destroy III 272, C III 425; fig. in a name ~ loue XIX/XXI 340. 3. waste, squander C III 463; pp. V 373, C VII 48; misuse IX 100, C XIV 7. 4. spend freely X 103. 5. shed XIX/XXI 445. 6. intr. perish C XI 41; pr.Lpl. XV 135. [OE spillan] spilletyme n. idler, layabout C V 28. [ME] spynne(n) v. make yarn, spin V 214, A V 130, C VI 222; imp.pl. VI 13, A VII 11, C VIII 12; intr. Ill 310, C III 463. [OE spinnan] spynnestre, spynnestere, spynstere n. woman who spins yarn for a living V 214, A V 130, C VI 222. [fr. v.] spynnyng ger. spinning C IX 74. spire, spyer n. 1. scion C XII 181; fig. offspring XVIII 230. 2. tongue of flame (Acts 2.3, 4 dispertitae linguae tanquam ignis) IX 103. [OE splr, MDu spier} spire, spere v. ask, make enquiries C III 109; pr.t.lsg. am in search of XVII 1, C XIX 1. [OEspyrian] spirit n. incorporeal supernatural rational being, spirit XV 36, XVIII 262, C XVIII 188; Seint- the Holy Ghost XVII 161, CXI 151. [AF] spiritual adj. concerning the soul in its relation to the deity, spiritual XIV 285. [AF] spiritualte «. income received for spiritual services from church endowment funds V 149; contrasted w. the spirituality of the earliest friars V 150, C VI 125. [AF] spiserye n. spiced ale or wine C II 104. [AF spicerie] spitteden v. pa.t.pl dug w. the spade C VIII 184. [OEspittan]

spitten v. pr.t.pl. spit X41. [OE spyttan] spores n.pl. spurs XVIII 12, C XX 12. [OE spora] spottes n. pi. stains, spots XIII 314. [OE *spot and cp. OI spotti] spouse n. husband C XIII 11. [AF spus] spouside v. pa.t.pl. married A X 179; pp. A X 159. [AF espouser] sprede v. 1. spread (as fertilizer) III 310; pa.t.pl. C VIII 184. 2. intr. pr.t.Ssg. extends in growth A X 125, C XIII 24; fig. increase XX/XXII 55; pr.t.Ssg. C XVI 246; pi. XV 94. [OE sprzdan] spryng n. rod, switch V 40, C V 138. [OE] sprynge v. 1. grow C XII 181; pr.t.Ssg. A X 125, C XIII 24; fig. XX/XXII 55, A X 127, C XIV 27; pr.t.pl. XV 92. 2. pr.t.Ssg. arises, originates, proceeds XII 68; pi. C XVI 244, XVIII 188; pa.t.3sg. C X 227, XVIII 230; pr.subj.pl. XIV 198, C XVI 39; pp. XVI 209. 3. pa.t.Ssg. jetted forth, sprang XIV 65, XVIII 86, C XV 264, XX 88; fig. XI 201, C XII 109. 4. pa.t.Ssg. dawned XIX/XXI 150. 5. pp. born XVI 196, C XVIII 205; descended C X 260. [OE springan] spuen v. pr.t.pl. vomit X41. [OE spiwan] squire ».(!) esquire C X 266; pi. CPr81. [AF esquier} squire n.(2) carpenter's square C XI 124. [AF esquire] stable adj. steady in purpose, resolute A X 114. [AF] stable v. become stable, come to rest I 123. [fr. adj. but cp. AF establir] staf«. staff, stick V 345, A V 193, C VI 106; pi. Pr53, A V 2 8 , C P r S l , V 130. [OE stef[ stake n. post, stake C III 381. [OEstaca] stale v. 1. pa.t.lsg. stole XIII 366, C VI 265; pi. XIX/XXI 156; imp.sg. V 577, A VI 64, C VII 224; pp. as adj. C XVII 40. [OEstelan] stale see STELE. stalken. stemyzg. C XVIII 39. [?] stalles n. pi. stands, counters XVI 128, C XVIII 156. [OE stel, steall] stalworpe adj. restored to full strength XVII 99. [OE stelwirpe] stank v. pa.t.Ssg. smelled foul, stank XV 594. [OEstincan] stared v. pa.t.lsg. looked long and hard

196

stared - stonde(n)

Glossary

2. super I. ~ vnder girdel sexually most potent XIII 293, CVI43. [OE] stifaflfv. firmly VIII 32, A IX 28. [fr. adj.] stifliche adv. firmly, resolutely C III 346, X36. [fr. adj.] styhlede v. pa.t.Ssg. arranged the seating C XV 39. [OE *stihtlian, cp. stihtan] stikede v. pa.t.Ssg. intr. was set, fixed C III 381. [OEstidan] stikke n. stick XII 14; pi. twigs XI 348, C XIII 159. [OEsticca] style n. stile C VI 145. [OEstigel] stille adj. silent X 7, A XI 39, C XI 33. [OE stille] stille adv. still, without movement A X 99; without bestirring himself XII 180, C XIV 120; quietly 1X108; silently XIII 99, C XV 106; constantly XV 224; always XIX/XXI 421. [fr. adj.] styngep v. pr.t.Ssg. stings XVIII 155, C XX 158. [OEstingan] stynte, stunte v. 1. come to a stop, cease from movement I 123; stop, pause X 226, A XI 169; imp.sg. pause V 576, A VI 63, C VII 223. 2. desist, leave off C II 169. [OEstyntan] stired see STERE. styward, steward n. manager or administrator of the legal and financial affairs of a great household or estate V 47, XIX/XXI 461, A V 39, C XV 39; responsible officer XIX/XXI 256; pi. Pr 96, C III 122. [OE stiweard] stodyenge ger. perplexity A IV 143. stok(ke) n. 1. trunk, stem fig. XVI 5, C XVIII 30; pi. XV 98, C XVI 251. 2. kind, species XVI 14; sour ~ variety that produces sour fruit C X 208. 3. pi. by melon, idols, images of false gods V 576, A VI 63, C VII 223. 4. pi. instrument of punishment, stocks IV 108, VII 30, A IV 95, C VIII 163. 5. pi. device(s) used in finishing cloth XV 453. [OE stoc] stomble v. falter, lose (his) footing C X 35; pr.Usg. VIII 32, A IX 28. [? ODa] stonde(n), stande v. 1. stand XVIII 373, C V 113; pr.t.Ssg. II 5, A II 5, C XX 42; pa.t.lsg. A XII 61; 3sg. Pr 183, A II 169, C XV 39; pi. XVIII 83, A IV 143, CXX85; pr.subj.sg. VIII 32, A IX 28, C X 36; remain standing V 387, A V 193, C V I I 3 ; stand up VIII 31, A IX 27, C X 35; pr.subj.sg. C XIX 89; fig. stand firm VIII 46, A IX 42. 2. of

XVI 168, A XII 61; pa.t.pl. gaped A IV 143; prp. w. eyes wide in amazement X 4, A XI 4, C X I 4. [OEstarian] statut, statuyt n. Statute of Labourers (1349-50) VI 320, A VII 301, C VIII 340. [AF] stede n.(\) 1. estate, temporalities V 47, A V 39; pi. C V 145. 2. the office, position Pr96, C Pr 94. 3. place VI 61, A VII 56, C VIII 60. [OE] stede n.(2) charger, war-horse XIII 293, C VI 43. [OEsteda] stedefast adj. solid, durable XV 583, A X 114. [OEstedefest] steere, stere n. tiller VIII 34, A IX 30. [OE steor] steerep v. pr.t.Ssg. guides VIII 46, A IX 42. [OEsteoran] stekie v. w. cam. be closed I 122. [*OE stecan] stele, stale «.(!) handle XIX/XXI 279. [OE stela] stele «.(2) steel by melon, sword, knife C VI 106. [OEstel] steppe, stepe v. set one foot before the other, walk XVII 57, C VI 403. [OE steppan] stere v. move XVII 57, C XIX 56; intr. pa.t.Ssg. XX/XXII 103. [OE styrian] steryngger. motion C X 36. [OE styrung] sterlyng n. English silver penny XV 349; pi. lossheborwe ~ counterfeit coins C XVII 83. [AF] sterne adv. sternly, severely XV 253. [OE stirne] sterneliche, sturnely, sturnliche adv. resolutely Pr 183, C Pr 200; disapprovingly X 4, A XI 4, C XI 4; so ~ loked had such a menacing look VI 320, A VII 301, C VIII 340. [fr. adj.] sterre n. star XVIII 233, C XX 242; pi. VII 166, A VIII 144, C IX 310; heavenly bodies, planets and constellations XII 223, XX/XXII 256, C XIII 173; day ~ Lucifer A VI 80. [OE steorra] sterte v. move quickly, rush C XIX 301. [OE *styrtari\ sterue v. die C VI 290; pr.subj.sg. XI 432, C XII 180; pi. die of hunger C IX 101; pr.t.Ssg. decays and dies X 303, A XI 209, C V 1 5 0 . [OEsteorfan] stewed pp. regulated, controlled, governed V 47, A V 39, C V 145. [OE stowian] stifadj. 1. commanding, inflexible XV 594.

197

stonde(n) - studie

Glossary

buildings pa.subj.pl. would be standing XIV 253, C XVI 93; pa.subj.sg. of an institution would survive XIV 252, C XVI 92. 3. be situated, stand fig. XIX/XXI 380; pr.t.pl. V 576, A VI 63, C VII 223; pa.subj.sg. fig. XIX/XXI 363; pr.t.3sg. is set, imprinted I 50, A I 48, C XVII 205. 4. stand idle VI 112, A VII 104, C VIII 119. 5. rest, be motionless I 123. 6. be valid XV 583; exist as a real concept XVI 218. 7. ~hye be expensive III 48, A III 47, CIII 51; ~ for^ pr.t.pl. come forward II 72, A II 54, C II 74; pa.t.3sg. XI 34, C XI 193; be in the forefront C III 346. [OE standan] stone v. put to death by pelting w. stones XII 75. [EMEfr.n.] stool, stoel n. 1. fald-stool, hassock V 387, C VII 3. 2. pi. pynynge ~ cucking-stool III 78, A III 67, CIII 79. [OE stot] stoon, stoen n. stone XV 583, C XIV 37; vnder ~ in the tomb XV 594; rock C VI 106; pi. XII 75; pi. gems II 16, C II 13; fig. the solid earth XII 223. [OE stan] stoppe v. 1. give the check to, make ineffective C IV 150; pr.t.Bsg. put an end to XVIII 415, C XX 458; shutout, exclude C XX 283. 2. pr.subj.pl. stop up, plug C XX 285. [OE *stoppian] stories n. pi. the Historia Scholastica of Peter Comestor VII 72. [AF estoire] stottesn. draught horses XIX 267, C XXI 267. [OEstott] stoue see TOMME. stounde n. while, time VIII 65, A IX 56, CX64. [OEstund] stoupe v. stoop (to the ground) C V 24; bow the head in prayer V 387, C XI 195. [OE stupian] stowue see TOMME. Stratford n. Stratford at the Bow in Essex XIII 266. straunge adj. unfamiliar, strange C XVI 70. [cp. AF estraunge] straw(e) n. straw XIV 234, C XII 181, XVI 75; as sthing worthless XIV 252, C XVI 92. [OEstreaw] strecche v. stretch (himself) XIV 234, C XVI 75. [OEstreccan] streynep v. pr.t.Ssg. lies at full length XIV 234, C XVI 75. [AF streindre} streyte adv. w. strict observance Pr 26, A Pr26, CPr28. [AF streit] streyves, strayues n. unclaimed stray ani-

mals Pr94, CPr92. [AF straij] strenede v. pa.t.Ssg. forth ~ begot, reproduced C XIII 171. [OE streonan] strenghe n. 1. physical strength C XVII 241. 2. military power C XV 171, XXI 358. 3. fortification, defensive work C XXI 365. 4. logical force C III 345. [OE strengu] strenghe v. strengthen C III 346. [OE *strengan] strengpe, strenthe n. 1. physical strength, capability V 345, IX 21, A VIII 82, X 20. 2. force, compulsion XVII 321. 3. prowess in arms XI 295, C XIII 109; military power XIII 173, XIX 358; pi. enemy forces C III 238. 4. fortification, defensive work XIX 365. [OE strengpu] strengpep v. pr.t.3sg. gives strength to VIII 46, A IX 42; imp.sg. A X 114. [fr. n.] streten. street C IX 122; road XII 103, C XIV 48; pi. X311, A XI 211, C VI 50. [OE stnet] strikares n. vagrants, vagabonds C IX 159. [fr. fol.] strike v. 1. beat, strike, pelt XII 75, C XIV 42; pr.subj.sg. punish by beating XII 14. 2. pa.t.3sg. ~ forp came forward Pr 183, C Pr 200; imp.sg. go on past V 577, A VI 64, C VII 224. [OE strican] stryuen v. in phr. ~ ayeins resist VI 320, A VII 301, C VIII 340. [fr. AF estriver] strompetrc. adulteress C XIV 42. [?] stronge adj. 1. physically powerful XII 160, C XIV 104; in full strength C XIX 89. 2. flagrantly guilty XII 190, C XIV 129. 3. superl. most formidable (in joust or combat) XIII 293, C VI 43. [OE strang] struyen v. destroy (by killing) XV 597(1), C XVII 305(1); pa.t.pl ruined XV 597, C XVII 305; pr.t.pl. bring to ruin C VIII 27. [ME red. fr. destruien] studie, stodie n. 1. application of the mind, study C XV 180; planning, deliberation Prl81, CPrl98. 2. pers. application of the mind to learning, study X 145, A XI 98, C X I 81; dame- X I , A X I I , C XI 1. 3. abstracted state of mind A XII 61. 4. private room furnished w. books, study III 345. [AF] studie, stodie v. 1. apply the mind A XII 6. 2. ponder, reflect C IX 318. 3. scheme, deliberate XIII 288. 4. pa.t.pl.

198

studie - suster

Glossary

allow to continue (in a state) XX/XXII 293; pr.t.pi. XII 53. 9. allow, permit Pr 206, X 123, A IX 47, XI 76, 83, C X 251; pr.t.3sg. XIX/XXI 441, C IX 117; pi. C Pr 119; pa.t.lsg. C X 253; 2sg. V 482, C VII 138; Ssg. XV 412, C III 328; pr.subj.sg. I 146, A I 134, C I 145; imp.sg. Ill 92, A VII 72, C III 120; pi. XVI 159, C XVIII 176; intr. XX/XXII 322.[AFsuffiir] suggestion, suggestioun n. impulse, prompting, intention VII 66, A VIII 68, CIX62. [AF] sugre, sucre n. sugar V 123, A V 100, C XVI 150. [AF] supersedeas, supersedias n. writ of stay or termination of legal proceedings C II 190, IV 190; fig. 1X264. [L] suppriour, supriour n. prior's assistant and deputy V 171, C VI 153. [ML] suren v. give assurance, promise V 540, A VI 28. [ME assuren] surfet, sorfeet n. excessive eating and drinking A V 2 0 1 ; pers. VI 265, A VII 249, C VIII 275; pi. excesses, bouts of gluttony XIII 404. [AF surfait] surgenrie n. surgery: by synec. healing powers XVI 106. [cp. AF surgien] surgeries surgery XX/XXII 178. [AF] surgien n. medical man, physician XX/ XXII 310; healer C XVIII 139; pi. fig. XIV 89. [AF] surquidous adj. as n. pers. arrogance, presumption, overbearing conduct XIX/XXI 339. [cp. AF surquide n.] surrie, surie, surre(e) n. Syria XV 398, C XVII 169. suspectioun n. expectation C XVII 313 [AF suspection] sustantif n. (grammatical) substantive C 111336;,%. CIII 353. [AF substantij] sustenaunce, sustinaunce n. subsistence, food XX/XXII 7, C V 126. [AF] sustene v. pr.t.pl. keep in being, maintain IX 111, C X 204; pp. kept alive XV 280; provided w. food C VIII 17; fig. pr.t.pl. provide spiritual food for XV 468. [AF sustenir] suster, sustre, sister n. 1. sister V 642, A X 153, C XII 170; pi. A XI 191; fig. XVIII 180, C III 208; pi. V 618, A VI 110, C XX 206; as attr. sister's A X 179. 2. female member of a religious confraternity III 63, A III 52, C III 67;

set their minds to, made it their aim XV 597, C XVII 305. 5. be perplexed VII 149, A VIII 131, C IX 298; pr.t.2sg. XII 223. [AF studier] stumble)) see STOMBLE; stured see STERE. stuwes, stewes, stuyves n. the brothel quarter VI 70, A VII 64, C VIII 71; pe ~ prostitution XIV 252, C XVI 92; wenche(s) of/wymmen at be ~ prostitute(s) XIX/XXI 435, C XIII 75. [AF estuve] subtileb see SOTILE. suffiseb v. pr.t.Ssg. is enough, suffices XV 387, C XIV 12; pa.t.3sg. C XIX 35; pr. subj.sg. XVII 241, C XVII 119. [AF suffiser] suffraunce, soffra(u)nce n. forbearance VI 144, C XIII 201; tolerance (of misdemeanour) C Pr 124, III 208; pers. vnsittinge ~ corrupt tolerance IV 189; patient submissiveness A X 119. [AF] suffre(n), soffre, soffry v. 1. undergo, experience II 106, V 154, C XVI 175; pr.t.pl. XIV 175, C I X 7 7 , 84; pa.t.lsg. XIII 309, CVI57; 3sg. XIII 66, C XVII 270; pi. XV 260, A XI 69, C XV 70; pr.subj.sg. C VII 305; of Christ pa.t.Ssg. XIII 444, C VII 104; intr. XVIII 246, C XX 256; pa.t.Ssg. XV 266; pp. C XX 217. 2. endure XI 259, C III 400. 3. submit patiently (to) V 608, XVII 340, A V 5 1 , C XIII 220; pr.t.Ssg. XV 174; pa.t.Ssg. XVIII 214, C XVII 10; imp.sg. C VIII 89; imp.sg. fig. endure patiently X 162, A XI 114, C X I 104; submit to, be ruled by X 257; pr.t.Ssg. XVI 193, C XVIII 202; intr. behave submissively Pr 131, XI 383, A X 118, C Pr 214; pr.t.Ssg. XV 200; pa.t. Ssg. C XIII 12; live in submission to God's will IX 207, A X 216. 4. intr. wait patiently XV 266, XX/XXII 107; pa.t.Ssg. XIX/XXI 102; pr.subj.pl. XVIII 163, C XX 269; imp.sg. C II 47; fig. IV 20, A IV 18, C IV 20; pp. XI 413, C XIII 221. 5. tolerate VIII 51, A XI 66, C XIX 105, XX 437; pr.t.lsg. IV 1, A IV 1, C IV 1; pi. C Pr 96, IX 131; pr.subj.pl. CX9\;pp. C XIII 115; overlook, close an eye to II 175. 6. intr. pr.t. Isg. exercise forbearance, forbear XI 377, C XIII 195; Ssg. XI 380, C XIII 199; pa.t.Ssg. XV 266; imp.sg. X 373. 7. bear, sustain XII 8, C XII 179. 8. 199

suster - swynke

Glossary

pi. of nuns C VI 137, XVI 295. [OE swistor and cp. OI systir] sute, seute n. livery, household XIV 257, C XVI 97; fig. human form V 487. [AF siute] suwe(n), sewe(n) v. 1. accompany XI 335, XVII 109, C XIII 180; pr.t.2sg. XI 375; 3sg. fig. C XVII 145; pi. fig. Pr 45, A Pr 45, C Pr 46; pa.t.3sg. XX 126; pp. VIII 75; pr.subj.sg. keeps company w. XIV 254, C XVI 94; pat.pl. ~ faste paid court to, were very often w. IV 167; ~ compaignye/felawschipe associate w. XI 424, C II 106; of cattle tend, herd C VII 187; pp. V 543, A VI 31; fig. pr.t.Ssg. keeps track of C X 162. 2. follows A XI 245; pa.t.lsg. XVII 87, C XIX 81; imp.sg. C XII 167; pat.pl. came after XVIII 192; pr.t.Bsg. pursues XIV 326; intr.pl. followed C II 200. 3. conform to XI 22, A II 53, C XI 181; fig. pr.t.Ssg. CIII 353; pi. X 207, A XI 249; pat.3sg. C III 326; fig. pr.t.pl C XVIII 72; pr.subj.sg. XX/XXII 22; prp. C XX 358; pr.t.pl. follow the guidance of V 59, C V 200; intr. ~ to pursue A VIII 62; prp. quasi-adv. correspondingly C XVIII 63. [AF suer, sewer] swage v. reduce, abate A V 100. [AF swager] swanwhit adj. snow-white, white as a swan C XX 214. [ME] sweyed, swi3ede v. pa.t.3sg. ~ so murye was so musical Pr 10, A Pr 10. [OE swegan] swelle v. 1. become distended, swell XIX/ XXI 283; pat.3sg. A XII 74. 2. trans. pr.t.Ssg. puffs up, makes conceited XII 57, C XVI 227. [OEswellan] swellyng ger. distended condition V 123, C VI 88; fig. as of pregnancy XVI 72, C XVIII 99. swelte v. die V 154, C VI 129; pat.3sg. XX/XXII 105. [OE sweltan] swerd n. sword I 99, A I 97, C I 103; brood ~ long, double-edged sword III 305, CIII458. [OEsweord] swere(n), swerye n. 1. undertake upon oath, swear I 99, A I 97, C I 103; pr.t.lsg. V 226, A V 142; pa.t.Ssg. IV 83, A II 133, C IV 79; pi. II 169, C II 184; intr. take a juror's oath C V 57. 2. affirm by oath XIII 304; pa.t.lsg. C VI 51; 3sg. XV 406; pi. XV 596; ellip.

swear falsely C XVI 306. 3. utter an oath, swear V 557, A VI 44, C VII 201; pr.t.pl. VII 21, A VIII 23, C IX 25; imp.sg. V570, A VI 57, C VII 217. [OE sweriari] swete adj. 1. sweet to the taste V 123, A V 100, C XIII 177; comp. C XVIII 60; fragrant A X 123; fig. XVI 72, C XVIII 99; beneficial XIV 316, C XVI 150; comp. XIV 316, C XVI 150; more delicious XII 266, C XIV 186; fig. XV 184. 2. agreeable Pr 86, XI 59, A Pr 83, C XII 11; asn. sweetness XI 259, C XII 145. 3. in affectionate address dear XVII 127. [OE swete] swete v. sweat, make great effort VI 25, A VII 27, C Pr 36, V 57; prp. C VIII 240. [OE swditan] swettenesse n. degree of sweetness C XVIII 63. [OEswetness] swetter adv. comp. more enjoy ably VI 217, A VII 203, C VIII 227. [fr. prec.] sweuene n. dream, vision Pr 11, A VIII 138, C IX 311. [OEswefin] swich, such(e) adj. 1. of the kind or character described, such I 194, II 117, A II 81, C II 106; ~ a III 121, A XI 29, C Pr 134; w. pi. n. Pr 32, A III 77, C Pr 64; ~ manere III 244, C IX 218; ~ a manere C XVII 151. 2. of such a kind, so much, such III 300, A V 72, C VI 37. [OE swilc] swich(e), such(e) pron. 1. pi. rel. such people, persons VI 219, VII 31, A X 110, C I X 1 9 ; such a lesson A XI 245. 2. illative sg. such a one XVII 320, C XVII 1; pi. -as VII 41, C II 47; -pat X26, A XI 249, C III 288. [as prec.] swift adj. swift, rapid XI 379: comp. XII 265, CXIV 186. [OE] swymme(n) v. swim XII 162, C XIV 107; pr.t.3sg. XII 239, C XIV 171. [OE swimman] swymmere n. man able to swim XII 166. [fr. prec.] swymmyng ger. swimming, how to swim XII 165. swynn.pl. pigs, swine II 98, CV19. [OE swtn] swynk«. labour, toil VI 233, A VII 217, C VIII 240. [OE swine] swynke v. work, labour V 541, A VII 27, C VIII 24; pat.pl. Pr21, APr21, C Pr 23; apply effort, put (one's) back into it, 200

swynke - take(n)

Glossary

48, A IV 35. 2. seize 196, XIII 97, A I 94, C I 92, XV 104; pr.t.3sg. Ill 140, A III 129, C III 178; pa.t.3sg. XIX/XXI 56; imp.pl confiscate XV 564, C XVII 227. 3. pa.t.Bsg. fig. took prisoner, captured (w. bribes) XX/XXII 137; pp. XVI 158; (in battle) C XVII 287; apprehended, surprised in the act XII 74. 4. pr.t.Bsg. comes upon, seizes VI 144; pr.subj.sg. VI 261, A VII 245, C VIII 271; pp. attacked XVII 56; of illness etc. pr.t.Bsg. afflicts XIII 336, C VI 80; pp. XIII 333, C VI 77. 5. appropriate, take XV 310, XIX/XXI 460, C I 96; pr.Usg. XIX/XXI 468; 3sg. XX/XXII 11, C I V 49, IX 65; pi XV 331; pa. subj.sg. XX/XXII 7; pp. saved XII 190; intr. pr.t.Bsg. acquires III 293, A III 268, C III 446. 6. take upon himself, undertake VI 225, C P r l 2 1 ; pa.t.3sg. XVI 164, C Pr 117. 7. pr.t.Bsg. takes (as spouse) XIV 267, C XVI 107; pa.t.3sg. Ill 107, A III 96, CIII 138. 8. adopt XIII 75, C XVII 186; pr.t.3sg. XIII 126, C XV 133; pi. XV 208; pa.t.3sg. Ill 95, XII 283, A III 84, C XIV 205; pr.t.pl appoint C V 79. 9. assume XIX/XXI 72; pa.t.Bsg. XVIII 222, XX/XXII 41, C XX 231; pp. 1155, CI151. 10. pa.t.pl derived XII 237; pp. XVI 204. 11. acquire, obtain, get XI 323, C III 123, IV 29; pr.t.lsg. XI 141, XV 87; pa.t. Isg. XVII 110; intr. pr.t.pl. VII 62, A VIII 64. 12. receive VI 139, XIV 184, C XIX 215; pr.Usg. XIV 142, C I X 9 1 ; pi. Ill 218, XI 290, A III 234, C III 311; pa.t.lsg. V 249; 3sg. XV 277; pi. XIX/ XXI 39; pr.subj.sg. C III 295; pp. XII 90; abs. pr.Usg. VII 79. 13. accept III 88, XV 420, A VIII 48, C VI 289; pr.Usg. II 34, III 353, C VI 298, XVI 311; pi III 247, VII 41, A VIII 85, C IX 54, 131; pa.t.lsg. C VII 203; pr.subj.pl. XII 123, C XIV 66; pa.subj. pi. C XVII 36; imp.sg. XX/XXII 135, A III 222; pi. C XX 93; pp. XI 263, C IX 92; pa.t.pl accepted in preference XI 334, C XIII 142. 14. conduct, take III 4, A III 4, C III 4; pr.t.Bsg. A II 49; pa.t. Bsg. drew aside XIII 177, C XV 174; fig. pa.t.Bsg. C IV 166; pi IV 77, A IV 63, C IV 73. 15. pr.t.lsg. carry C IV 52; pr.subj.sg. XIII 163. 16. move, take XVIII 84, C XX 86; pp. XVIII 70, C XX 72. 17.

work for a living Pr55, VI 216, A Pr 52, VII 202, C Pr 36, VIII 261; pr.t.lsg. exert myself VII 122, A VIII 104. [OE swincan] swynkeres, swynkares n. pi. working people XVII 211, C VIII 258. [ME] swibe adv. quickly C XIII 53; immediately 1X135, A IV 23; as- without delay III 102, A III 91, C VI 422; very V 462, A V234, C VI 316. [QE swibe] swowe v. lose consciousness V 154, C VI 129. [OE swogan: cp. geswogan] swowe see A SWOWE. swoune, swoene v. lose consciousness XVIII 57, C XX 57; pa.t.lsg. XVI 19; pi. XX/XXII 105; pa.t.3sg. fainted V 441, XIV 329, C VII 55. [OE fr. pp. of swowen]

T tabard, tabbard n. sleeveless jacket, jerkin V 195, A V 1 1 1 , C VI 203. [AF] table n. dining table XIII 443, C IX 253; pi. counters C XVIII 156. [AF] taboure, tabre v. play the drum XIII 230, C XV 204. [AF: cp. taborour] tacches n. faults, bad qualities IX 151. [AF tache] tail/?. 1. tail XII 244; fig. XII 251; pi. XV 300, C XVII 31. 2. fig. of a tree's root structure backside, rump V 19, A V 19, C V 121. 3. w. a sexual sense III 131, XV 105, A III 120, C XVI 259. 4. train, band of followers II 186, A II 147, C II 199; transl. L coda conclusion III 351. [QEteget] tailende n. tail-end C III 370; but if my ~ it made unless I had to relieve myself V 388, C VII 4; trusty of his ~ a faithful husband VIII 83, A IX 74. [ME] taillage n. arbitrary taxation XIX/XXI 37. [AF] taillen. 1. tally-stick IV 58, A IV 45, C IV 61. 2. account, reckoning XII 248. [AF] taillours, taylours, taylers n. tailor's V 547; pi. Pr221, A XI 184, C IV 120. [AF] take(n) v. 1. lay hold of, take V 28, XIV 190, A V 2 8 , C XIII 44; pa.t.Ssg. Ill 10, XIX/XXI 170, A III 10, C XX 305; imp. sg. XII 160, C XIV 104; fig. pr.subj.sg. C XV 159; w. sexual sense touches VIII 83, A IX 74, C X 80; pp. seduced IV

201

take(n) - telle(n)

Glossary tarre n. tar as a remedy for scab in sheep C IX 263. [OE teru, teoru] tarse n. expensive oriental fabric, silk XV 168. [AF] tasch n. clasp or clip to hold tinder ? C XIX 215. [?AFtache] taseles n. teasels XV 454. [OE tesel, tdisl] taste(n)v. 1. lay hand on XVIII 84, C XX 86; pa.t.Ssg. experienced sensation, explored by touch XVII 150, C XIX 124. 2. ~ aboute pe moub kiss XIII 345, C VI 179. [AF taster] tastes n. exercises of discrimination, judgement XII 129. [AF tast] tauerners n. tavern-keepers Pr 228, A Pr 106, C Pr 232. [ AF taverner] tauernes n. drinking houses selling wine II 94, CVI50. [AF taverne] taxep v. pr.t.Ssg. assesses I 162, C I 158. [AF taxer] taxour n. assessor VI 39, C VIII 37. [AF] teche(n), tecche v. 1. show, point out VI 6, C VIII 4; pr.t.Ssg. demonstrates C IX 88, XII 178; pa.subj.sg. XVIII 229, C XX 238; pa.t.lsg. described C XIV 12. 2. direct, enjoin XV 572, XIX/XXI 233; pr.t.2sg. C XIII 193; 3sg. I 13, V 106, A V 86, C III 75; pi. XIII 116, C IV 118; pa.t.2sg. XIV 184; 3sg. 117, A IV 87, C II 129; pi. XV 422; imp.sg. ~ to I 83, A I 81, C I 79; pa.t.Ssg. proclaimed XX/XXII 278. 3. pr.t.3sg. prompts I 38, X 343, A I 36, C I 36; pa.t.Ssg. VI 301, XII 231, C XX 203. 4. teach (a lesson or subject) I 145, X 273, A IX 118, C Pr 120; pr.t.Ssg. Ill 125, X 37, A VII 81, C XV 126; pi. X 411, XV 93, A VIII 159, CXI 13; pa.t.lsg. I 76, X 179, A XI 131; Ssg. I 109, A III 260, CIII 437; pi. CXI 214; pr.subj.pl. XII 107, C XIV 52; pp. VI 22, XX/XXII 186, A VII 24; abs. pa.t.pl. X 275. [OE tacan] techere, techare n. teacher XX/XXII 202; pi. XV 95, C XIV 20. [ME] techyng ger. 1. (the activity of) teaching VI 248, A VII 232, C XIV 34. 2. what is taught, instruction, direction X 258, A X97, CII22. teeb n. pi. teeth XV 13; colloq. in phr. maugree his ~ despite his resistance XVIII 81, CXX83. [OEtefi teldit see TILDE. telle(n) v. 1. recount, tell XIX/XXI 101,

take (into use) VII 2, A VIII 2, C IX 2; pa.t.pl. XVIII 239, C XX 248; pr.t.pl. of a writ apply C II 190. 18. give, hand over (to), give in payment I 56, XI 292, A I 54, C III 351, XIII 106; pr.t.Ssg. IV 58, A IV 45, C I V 61; pa.t.Ssg. Ill 45, XVII 79, A III 44, C XIX 76; pa.t.Ssg. delivered, committed (to) XI 170, C XIX 2; conferred on XI 292, C XIII 106; handed over in sale C III 87; pa.t.2sg. ~ mercy for mede dispensed divine mercy (through the sacraments) for money C IX 276. 19. in phr.: pr.t.Ssg. ~ ... to presumes ... in C XIX 37; pr.t.pl. ~ on behave, conduct themselves C XIII 154; pa.subj.pl. traded, conducted business III 85, A III 74, C III 84; pr.t.pl. ~ hem togideres meet and consult, compare notes V 172, C VI 154; ~ kepe to care for C XIX 76; imp.sg. XX/XXII 358. [LOE tacan: cp. OI taka] talerc. 1. statement IV 69, XI 300, A X 81, C XII 173; discourse IX 74; pi. C IV 34, XII 45, XVIII 3. 2. report, account Pr51, XVIII 132, C XIII 88; pi. Pr48, APr48, CPr49; information XI 100; pi. confidential matters XI 99; subjects of debate, issues X 379. 3. list II 115, A II 79, C II 119. 4. fiction, story XIII 172, C XX 145; pi. VI 50, XX/XXII 119, A VII 47, XI 36, C VI 185, 194; false account III 45, A III 44, C III 47; lie XVIII 290; pi. II 220, IV 18, A II 179, C IV 18; malicious gossip XIII 303, C VI 50; slanders V 172, C VI 154. 5. pi. evaluations XII 268; in phr. by ~ counted out V 249; sg. in phr. maketh ~ takes account C III 391; holde ~ set store by 19, A I 9, C I 9; gyue ~ of reckon of importance XIX/XXI 454. [OE talu] taletelleris, taletellares n. sophistical amateur theologians XX/XXII 299, A XI 73. [ME] talewis adj. glib, persuasive III 131, A III 120, CIII 168. [cp. OEgetdwls} talke v. speak, talk XVII 85. [cp. EFris talken] tame adj. as n. tame, domestic animals XIV 116, C XV 292. [OE tarn] tanners n. tanners C Pr 227. [LOE tannere, AF tannour] tapur, taper n. wax candle XVII 206, C XIX 263. [OEtapor] 202

telle(n) - tentis

Glossary

cultivation VI 248, XIV 64, A VII 232. [OE teolung, tilung] tellynge ger. (2) direction XX/XXII 8. telpe see TIL&E. teme, teeme «.(!) set of draught animals, team VII 2, A VIII 2, C IX 2; fig. VI 134, A VII 126, XIX/XXI 261. [OE team] teme».(2) 1. topic, subject VI 22, XI 111, A VII 24, C XII 45; proposition III 351, V 60, A XI 73, C V I 1 . 2. text (of a sermon) III 95, VII 141, A VIII 123, XI 73, CXV81. [AF] tempeste n. commotion, upheaval XVIII 63, CXX65. [AF] temple n. temple (of Jerusalem) I 47, A I 45, C XVIII 156. [AF and OE tempul} templers n. the order of Knights Templar XV 547, C XVII 209. [AF] temporaltees, temperaltees n. pi. lay revenues, lands w. rent-paying tenants XX/XXII 128. [AF] temprep v. pr.t.Ssg. attunes, disposes XIV 312, C XVI 146; pp. Pr 51. [AF temprer] tempted pp. attracted by sin, tempted XIX/XXI 64. [AF tempter] ten, X num. as adj. ten II 83, A II 42, C I 105; as n. I 105, XIX/XXI 165, A VII 226. [OEten] tenaunt n. feudal tenant VI 38, A VII 39, C VIII 36; pi. XV 310, C XVII 45. [AF] tendedenpa.tpllit, kindled XVIII 240, C XX 249. [OE*tendan] tene n. 1. anger VI 117, C VIII 124; vexation VII 119, A VIII 101. 2. anxiety, distress XI 115, A X 145, C XIII 7. 3. painful effort VI 133. [OE teona] tenev. 1. injure, harm XIII 163, C XIV 8; pr.t.lsg. V 425; 3sg. Ill 124, A III 113, C III 161; pr.subj.sg. C III 140; pp. C VII 38; fig. pa.t.Ssg. wounded XX/XXII 119. 2. afflict, oppress A IX 89; pr.t.pl. VIII 99, XV 420; pr.subj.sg. treat w. severity VI 38, A VII 39, C VIII 36. 3. pa.t.3sg. angered III 322, C III 475; refl. II 115, A II 79, C II 119. 4. pp. grieved, distressed X 185, A XI 137, C XI 126. [OE teonian] teneful adj. distressing, grievous III 349, CIII 497. [OEteonjull] tentis n. pi. tents, pavilions A II 42. [AF tente]

C P r 9 ; pr.t.lsg. V 414, C VII 29; 3sg. Ill 237, C I 126; pi. XII 237, A XI 40; pa.t.lsg. XVII 90, A V 9 , C X 289; 3sg. Ill 45, A III 44, CIII 47; pp. C P r i l l ; narrate XIII 230, C VI 50; pa.t.pl Pr 51; give an account of II 186, A II 147, C VI 108, XVI 118; pr.t.pl. X 379; pa.t. Isg. V 10, A V 10; pr.t.lsg. XI 161; ~ of C X I 211. 2. inform, tell VIII 76, XII 18, A IX 67, C VI 56; pa.t.sg. IV 61, C XV 17; imp.sg. I 45, A I 43; pi. C I 43; intr. XII 271, A X 26, C XX 174; pa.t.lsg. C XVI 371; 3sg. II 191, A IV 48, C XVIII 8; pi. C V 178; imp.sg. A XII 28; pi. XIX/XXI 23, C X 127. 3. state, proclaim III 95, XV 414, A VII 66, C VIII 76; pr.t.Ssg. Pr 101, A X 107, C I 146; pi. XI 80, C XII 74; pa.t.lsg. C VI 47; 3sg. IV 157, A VII 66; pi. C XVII 100; pr.subj.sg. XVII 146, C VII 125; pp. X 275. 4. say, speak IX 159, A X 182, C VII 280; pr.t.lsg. V 401, C VII 17; 2sg. XVIII 142, C XX 459; 3sg. XVII 36, A I 86, C XIII 40; pi. XV 29, C XVI 189; pa.t. Isg. X 229, A XI 172, C XI 136; 3sg. XIII 102, C XVIII 244; imp.sg. X 222, A VI 84, C VII 245; pi. V 597, C VII 298; pp. XII 155, C XIV 99; pp. quoted III 346; ~tale(s) pr.t.lsg. lie XIII 332; pa.t.lsg. XVIII 290; imp.sg. IV 18, C IV 18; spread malicious gossip XIII 303, C VI 50; pr.Usg. V 172, C VI 154; intr. speak, say III 104, A III 93; pr.t. Isg. V414; 2sg. V 269; pa.t.lsg. XIII 80; 2sg. C XIV 131; 3sg. X 140, XVI 275, C XVIII 291; pr.subj.sg. C XIX 120; discuss XV 71, A XI 62; her(d)e ~ Pr 164; pa.t.lsg. XVII 200, A VIII 1, C XIX 166; as men ~ as the saying goes XVII 265. 5. disclose, reveal, tell X 5, XI 441, A XI 218, C I 1 1 5 ; pa.t.3sg C VI 70; pi. XVIII 63; pr.subj.sg. C XVI 115; imp.sg. X 161, A XI 113, C X I 103; pp. I 208, A I 182, C III 133; pp. reported C VII 203; pr.t.Ssg. foretells C V 169; pa.t.Ssg. VII 172. 6. direct, enjoin XV 572; pr.t.Ssg. 1130, A II 86; intr. pa.t.3sg. C XI 69. 7. count up, enumerate V 368, C XII 176; pr.t.pl. Pr 92, C Pr 90; pa.t.lsg. counted out V 249; pp. accounted C XIX 242. [OE tellan] tellynge, tulynge ger.(\) husbandry, 203

tercian - bat

Glossary

tercian n. fever that recurs on alternate days A XII 85. [AF] teris n. pi. tears XIII 45, C XV 50. [OE tear] termes n. pi. expressions of apt analogy or comparison XII 237. [AF] termined see YTERMINED. termisonus n. pi. grammatical inflexions fig. C III 406. [cp. CF terminaison] testifie v. 1. ~ for bear witness to, affirm as C XII 173; pr.t.Ssg. proclaims C XI 305. 2. make a pronouncement XIII 94, C XV 101. [AF testifier] text, tixte, tyxst «. 1. wording XVII 14, C XIX 15. 2. text of a sermon XI 111, 115, C XII 50. 3. passge of Scripture cited or invoked in argument III 343, C III 495, XV 133; be/bise ~ the relevant scripture passage(s) II 122, A II 86, C II 132; pi 1134, A I 180, C I 201. [AF texte, tixte] thaddeerc. Thaddeus XIX/XXI 165. ban, then(ne) conj. than: after comp. adv. Pr 52, 1216, A Pr 89, III 96, C Pr 123, I 143; w. adv. unexpr. rather than C I 114; after comp. adj. Pr 191, 19, A I 160, II 21, CPrl68, 1118; ooberwiseIII 275, A VI 52, CIII428. [OE panne] banked see THONKEN. thankes n. gen. as adv. in phr. his ~ willingly C IX 66. [OEpanc] than(n)e, ban(ne), then(ne) adv.(\} 1. of time at that time, then Pr 11, II 49, A V 9, 88, C IV 42, XIII 236; after that, thereupon, then Pr 42, I 58, A III 9, 24, C Pr 148, 167; next in order, then Pr 114, III 35, AV107, 123, C P r l 4 1 , III 27. 2. of incidence, consequence when that is/was done, then Pr 170, VI 291, A VI 98, VII 186, C VI 139; w. weak temporal sense in those circumstances C III 263; accordingly, thus IX 207, XI 219, A X 85, C XV 293. 3. quasi-conj. intro. then, now X I , XIII 216, A X I I , C VII 299. [OE panne] panne, thenne adv.(2) 1. thence, away (from there) II 218, A XI 48, C II 228. 2. therefrom, out of that (prayer) XIV 50, C XV 249. 3. therefor XIV 117, C XV 293; w. ben XIV 281, C XVI 121. [OE panan, panon] bat, that adj. dem. that Pr 167, A Pr 97, C I 4 3 ; -tyme then III 329, A VIII 128, CV173. [OEpet]

bat, that pron. dem. that Pr 107(2), 195, III 51, VIII 73, A I 37, 39, III 50, C I 39, 162; wib ~ thereupon, then Pr 146, A III 25, C VI 1; by ~ at that time, then VI 290, A VII 274, 283, C VIII 313; when VI 299, A VII 283. [OE ^t] bat pron. rel. 1. that, which Pr 51, I 44, II 70, A I 44, 48, C P r l 2 8 , 136. 2. that which, what Pr22, 128, III 84, 159, A V242, VII 88, CIII 83, V 64; in phr. ~ tho ~ the occasions on which C IX 276(1). 3. who sg. Prl78, 158, A I 61, 70, CPrl99, III 248; pi Pr28, 107(1), 133, A P r 5 2 , 85, C Pr 75, 86; whom sg. I 184, III 32, XVII 271(2), A IV 116, VI 35, C IX 130, X133; pi V 70, VI 222, VII 93, A IX 3, C IV 121, 196; to whom X 28, C XI 25; for whom XIV 121, C XV 297. 4. he who VII 128, X 19, XIII 117, A XI 19, 157, C VI 252, VIII 249, XV 287; him who VI 120, XII 187, C VIII 127; for him who X 363, A VII 137; she who V 66, A V 4 9 , C VI 7; those who, they who III 12, 334, A I 68, X209, CIV 33; in address you who I 84, II 75, A I 82, C I 80; in ellip. use in the case of someone who XV 65; in that part which XVII 205, C XIX 171. [OEfct] bat conj. 1. intro. dependent n. cl. that Pr 12, 113, APr67, 160, C Pr 102, 113. 2. intro. appositional or qualif. cl. that Pr32, II 43, A I 182, II 25, C Pr 78. 3. intro. cl. of purpose, undertaking that, so that I 82(1), II 146, A II 50, III 57, C III 144, VI 388. 4. intro. result cl. so that, to the effect that Pr 155, I 26, A II 119, III 52, C I 1 5 4 , III 195. 5. intro. cl. expr. cause because, that III 304, V 91, A II 132, V31, CII48, X 107, XV 87; on the grounds that Pr 84, C Pr 82. 6. intro. optative or hortatory cl. IV 7, V 108, A VII 45, 261, C V 199. 7. in advers. sense after a neg.: ~ ... ne but, on the contrary, rather III 33, V 152, A II 39, VI 39, C V 185, VI 274, 284; withoutprec. neg. but that, but V 447, A V230, VIII 100, C VII 61; w. or without neg. who would not XV 159; who was not XVII 102, C XIX 92; not to be XIX/XXI 293; in phr. bat 'si' ne is where 'si' is not C III 329. 8. intro. abs. infin.constr. XII 21, XVI 105. 9. as rel. adju. to adv. ther ~ where III 177, A III 204

bat - perafter

Glossary

themese, temese n. the river Thames XII 160, C VI 335. benke see &YNKE. bennes adv. w. v. of motion away, from there I 73, X 62, XIX/XXI 424, A II 177; w. v. unexpr. Ill 206, A III 193; away from there II 232, A II 191, C II 242; holde ... -prevent from going there, keep away V 453, A V 225, C VII 67; after prep, fro- C VII 135. [ME frenne] theologie, teologie n. 1. the branch of learning concerned w. Christian doctrine X 185, A XI 137, CXI 126; pers. A XII 9, C II 132; by synec. pers. the doctrine of moral theology on charity X 200, A XI 149; on material possessions II 115, A II 79, C II 119. [AF] ber(e) adv. dem. 1. in that place Pr 58, I 115, A III 48, CPr84, 99; in its place V 65, A V 48, C VI 6; to that place XI 123, C XII 58. 2. at that point XIX/XXI 110, 123, CX242; ri3t~ then and there XI 7, C XI 166. 3. on that occasion, then I 32, VII 197, A II 29, C IV 150, IX 280. 4. in that situation VIII 36, A IX 82, C XVI 142; in that/those circumstance^) XVIII 152, C IX 92, XX 155. 5. \v. intro. force Pr 68, 146, A Pr 84, I 139, C Pr 139, XII 145; w. existential ben Pr 165, 177, A II 14, 38, C III 12, 204. [OE/w] ber(e) conj. 1. there where, where Pr 194, III 34, A IV 109, V95, CPrl72, 1121. 2. rel. where I 133, II 135, A III 14, VI 79, C P r l l 4 , 133; wherever XI437, C XVIII 212; - bat III 177, C XVII 292. 3. in a situation where, when, if XIII 156, XVII 305, CIII 257, 1X67; when XVI 140, XVIII 385, A I 138, CIII 331, VIII 255. 4. whereas, where by contrast III 197, V489, X348, C VII 114, XII 234. [fr. prec.] berafter, j>eraftur, beraftir adv. 1. accordingly, conformably Pr 23, I 147, X 91, A I 135, XII 10, C VIII 90, XI 145. 2. subsequently, after that 1156, VI 114, XI 25, A V 56, XI 180, C VII 136, VIII 121, XI 184; thenceforward A VIII 12; in the afterlife XIV 141; of place next, after it III 342. 3. to that effect III 187, A III 174. 4. crieb - begs for it XVII 124; loke no3t - avert your eyes from them V 578, A VI 65, C VII 225. [OE

164, C II 99; when V 451, C IX 315; since XIII 65, C XV 69. 10. intro. proviso by so ~ XIV 55, C X 306; so ~ IV 102, XIV 86, XX/XXII 22, A IV 89; wty ~ XX/XXII 250, A XII 40, C XI 89. [OE faet] be, pee see K)w. be, the def. art. 1. Pr 1, 9, A Pr 13, 19, 55, C P r 2 1 , 128; gener. - ale, clothes, crowne, doke, flessh, Friday, goost, gut, lif, pombe, prote, wynde. 2. w. comp. or superl. adj. as n. II 46, 197, A II 127, C VI 192, XVI 71. deictic w. pron. X481; w. adj. ~ same similarly III 26; w. n. in adv. phr. ~ while while, as long as Pr 189; w. adv. ~while(s) in the meanwhile VI 8, A VII 8, C VIII 6. [L OE] be adv. w. comp. adv. the, (by) so much the Pr31, 1199, V501, 559, A III 162, IX 30, CII144, XVI 221; in colloc. -...X 186, A XI 138, C III 137.[OEfafa thecche v. roof w. thatch XIX/XXI 238. [OE peccan] bedom n. achievement A X 108; worthwhile activity C VII 53. [ME] bee, thee, be v. pr.subj.sg. may thrive, prosper V 226, 399, AV142. [OEpeon] bef, theef, thief n. convicted or known criminal XII 206, 208, C XX 424; the penitent thief at the crucifixion XII 192, C XIV 135; the impenitent thief XII 215, C XIV 154; pi. thieves C V 17, XVII 138; condemned criminals XII 190, C XIV 130; pi. violent criminals IX 121, A X 139; brigands XIV 308, XVII 56, C XIII 62, XIX 54. [OE/tfofl thefliche adv. stealthily, furtively XVIII 338. [ME] befte n. theft V 233, A XI 280, C VI 349; fig. II 88, C I I 9 5 .[LOEpeofy,peoft] bei, they pron. 3 pers. pi. they Pr 31, 16, A Pr 43, 58, C Pr 44; in obj. use them X 426, XIX/XXI 368, C XI 258; w. dem. force -bat those who II 45, IX 112, A II 27, C X X 8 5 ; -two 1X118; gener. that sort XIII 68(1); as dem. adj. those C IX 202; gen. as poss. adj. ther their C XII 8; - bothe of the two C II 69. [ODan] bei3, bei conj. 1. notwithstanding that, although I 10, 144, VI 226, A I 33, 150. 2. even if Pr 192, III 38, IV 66, A III 38, 119, 149. [OE feah, feh] thekynge ger. thatching C VIII 199.

ferafter]

205

theras - ping

Glossary

theras conj. where II 92, IV 35, C IX 275, XVI 141. [ME] perayein adv. to the contrary, in objection XVI 119, XVII 138. [OE bzrongean] pera3eyne adj. opposed to that C XX 310. [as prec.] perby adv. by means of that XI 174, XIII 298, C X 172; of an oath by that XIII 402. [OEbzrbig] berf adj. unleavened, baked without yeast VI73. [OE beorf, bear/] perfor(e) adv. 1. for it, that: of payment IV 54, C III 89, 277; punishment V 234, C III 467; remedy XII 59, C XIV 23; competition for possession XVI 95, C XVIII 128. 2. because of that, for that reason 1X98, XV 209, A XII 20, C XIII 57, 192. 3. specifying for them C VII 147. 4. to that end, for that purpose 117, A I 17, CX193. [OEbterfore] perfro adv. away from them, it XI 353, C XII 237. [ME] berin(ne), ^erin, thereynne adv. 1. in it Prl5, V211, A X 168, C X 225; fig. X 164, A XI 116, CXI 106; of a garment XIV 2; a surface on it I 50, A I 48; inside, within, in it I 12, A X 5, C X 171, XIII 55; within them XVII 164, C III 105. 2. into it 161, V 358, A VI 59, C VIII 61. 3. of abstractions within, in it XII 292, A XI 141; in the subject X 186, AXI 140, CXI 127. [OEb<erinne] bermyd adv. w. it VI 67, A II 37, VII 212; along w. it XV 316; by means of which C IX 271. [OEbtermid] perofflt/v. 1. about it III 248, XIII 419, A X86, C XIII 153; about them C XIV 75; fork XIII 458, A III 63, C P r l l O , XI 157; of emotions of it V 366, VI 197, A VII 184; about it V491, C XIII 153. 2. from it C XIV 32, XVII 139; from them XVI 34; fig. from that circumstance V 142. 3. partitive of it V 221, VIII 55, A V 137, C VI 229; w. it C XI 71; of them CXII 165; privative of it XV 135, CX195, XX 305. 5. pass, of it XVI 5, XVII 216; of custody of it C XVII 296. [OE b<srof\ peron adv. 1. on it II 12, XVII 6, C II 13, XIX 8; fig. C XIV 214; on(to), upon it X l l , XII 120, A XI 11, C X I 9, XIV 63; to it XI 225. 2. in it A XI 144, C XI 130, XII 232; about it V 600, A XI 138, C XIV 74. 3. at it X 407, A VII

13, C VII 50, XII 96. [OEbzron] peroute adv. outside A VI 74; out of doors C V 1 6 . [OEb<erute] pertyl adv. to that course of action C IV 5. [ME] pertoodv. 1. to them XI 191, C XII 103; for it CIX91; against it XVI 44; at it C XVIII48; before it XIX/XXI 200. 2. for that purpose XI 350, XIII 193, C XIII 161; to it XVIII 156, C XX 159; fig. for it XV 562, C XVII 225. 3. in addition IV 59, C X 80, XVI 259. 4. to that course of action IV 5, A IV 5, C XVI 124. 5. to (a melody) XVIII 180, C XX 183. 6. come- acquire it XI 11, XX/XXII14, CXI 170. [OEbarto] pervnder adv. beneath it XIX/XXI 385; underneath XV 116. [OE bterunder] perwip adv. 1. by that means, by means of that 116, V288, A III 224, C V 4 3 , XI 73; w. it III 324, V 33, A I 46, VII 93, CIII 320; by that VI 108, A VII 100, C VIII 115. 2.ofinvolvementw.itX 2 A XI 162. 3. of agreement w. that IV 91, XI 404, A IV 78, C IV 87; by, against, according to it I 178, A I 152, C I 174; accordingly I 89, A I 87, C I 85. 4. then, thereupon XI 406, C XIV 217. 5. besides, as well (as that) III 335, XVI 262, CIII 487, XVIII 278. [OE b<erwib] besternesse n. darkness XVI 160. [OE beosternes] thewes n. pi. kinds of behaviour C VI 141. [OE beaw] pi see K)w. pider, pidir, theder, thed(de)re, adv. to that place, there II 162, A III 246, C I 119, VII 292. [OE] thikke adj. thick XIX/XXI 400; superl XII 228. [OEbicce] pikke adv. in such a throng, in such numbers III 157, A III 147, C III 195. [fr- adj.] thilke pron. dem. those very ones, such ones X28. [OEbylc] ping n. 1. matter XI 101, 105, 421, C XII 35, 39; pi. C Pr 5, XIV 73; detail, particular XX/XXII 245, C VIII 266; pi. VI 209, A VII 195; pi. considerations C III 378; subject X 189, 212. 2. event, occurrence XIII 304, C VI 51; action XVIII 419, A VI 81, C XX 462; experience XI 436, XIV 282, C XIII 242; condition, state C X 285, XI 131,

206

ping - bo

Glossary

VII 136, A III 215, C III 284; pa.t. Pr 182, XIII 221, C XVIII 21; appended pa.t. XIX/XXI 139. 3. of the dream experience pa.t. me- VIII 70, XI 324, A 1X61, C XIX 55; in metels me ~ II 53. 4. pr.t. impl moral judgement IX 165, XI 79, XIII 253, A X 186, C III 108, VII 98; me ~ loth I am reluctant C XV 78; pa.t. of ... no deyntee me ~ I set no store by XI 48, C XI 311; pr.subj.sg. hymlooj)- he detest it XVIII 251. [OE Ipyncan, pencan] Jiynne adj. thin, weak XIX/XXI 400. [OE] pirled, thorlede v. pa.t.pl. pierced I 174, A I 148, CI170. [OEpyrlian] pis, pes, |)ise adj. dem. 1. w. immediate ref. Pr 175, II 19, A II 69, 79, C Pr 192, I 123; pi Pr62, 1124, A II 161, III 24, CPr201, III 81. 2. w. forthcoming ref. I 83, V 597, A III 84, VI 84, C IX 162, XI 246; pi Prl84, 15, A VII 35, C II 195, XIV 199. 3. of time units these past III 39, V 206, A VI 30, XI 106, C VI 233, XX 329; these coming IV 86, A IV 73. 4. pi w. gener. force Pr 22, III 97, A P r 5 9 , II 135, C III 187, XV 208. [OE pes, pis] pis, these pron. dem. this, these 1. of objects sg. IV 96, A VII 280, C XVIII 158; pi VII 55, C IX 96. 2. pi of persons III 80, 292, A XI 292, C VII 112, XI 268; dat. C V 69; of birds VI 32, A VII 34. 3. of fact, occurrence, situation Pr231, III 166, A VII 7, X 10, C IX 88, X 192. 4. of statement, question, quotation, dogma 111, III 236, A I 133, III 260, C III 361, V 89; pi I 200, XIII 420, A VII 259, C VIII 261, XVI 28. [OE pes, pis] piself, thisylue, thysulue pron. thyself, yourself 1. emph. as app. Ill 190, VIII 48, A III 177, C III 236. 2. emph. as nom. subj. II 126, V 489, A IX 47, X 88, C II 130, XI 113. 3. w. impers. v. VIII 51. 4. as refl. obj. V 446, VIII 50, 52, A IX 46, X93, C VII 128, XV 112. 5. as obj. ofv. X 270; of prep. I 24, V 445, A VI 52, C VI 101, VII 123. 6. in address w. imp. IX 136, XVIII 363, C X 224. [ME] l>o adj. dem. pi. those II 200, IV 40, A IX 105, XI 224, C P r l S , 45; w. rel. pron. -...feat II 195, C XVI 250. [OEpa] po, poo pron. dem. pi. 1. those 121, A I

XII 236, XVI 286, XVII 153; circumstance C III 363; pi XVII 321, C XIX 301. 3. deed of enfeoffment, formal legal agreement II 105, A II 72, C II 112; pi lawsuits pending IV 29, A IV 26. 4. entity, thing 1151, 1X25, A I 136, C XVIII 194, XIX 39; pi V 563, XVII 166, A X 28, C XIX 134. 5. being, creature Pr 123, XV 12, C XIV 8, XV 32, XVIII 92; pi IX 30, XVI 184, XVIII 336, XX 254, A X 31, C XV 135, 305; fig. XIV 243, XV 149, C XX 118. 6. object XVI 254, C VI 382, XVII 40; pi X 442, XVII 159, C XX 214; substance V 123, A V 100, C VI 88; pi 1X2; XIX/XXI94. 7. commodity XIV 33, XX/XXII 249, C III 87; pi I 20, XIX/XXI 94, XX/XXII 276, A 1 20, C V 88, VIII 218, XVI 320; human concerns and values C XV 135; piece of property XV 107, 129, 160, C XVI 276, 294; goods C III 87; quasi-adv. in phr. any ~ at all VI 65, XVIII 388, A VII 59, C XX 430. [OE] J)ynke, |>enke v. 1. reflect, meditate, ponder, give thought VII 173, A VIII 149, C XII 91; pr.t.lsg. V 404, A VI 87; pa.t.lsg. XI 117, C XII 52; trans. bear in mind, consider XIV 255, C XVI 95; imp.sg. C VIII 277; pa.t.lsg. had in my mind XVI 229, C XVIII 244; pa.t.pl C IX 308; pp. remembered XIII 267. 2. conceive of V 282; pp. C VI 51. 3. intend, purpose pr.t.lsg. I 21, A III 84, C I 21; 3sg. X 214, XVII 338, A XI 157, C XVIII 264, XIX 318; pa.t.lsg. XIII 86; 3sg. V 84, XII 89, A V 67, C XX 178; pi. VI 298, A VII 282; pr.subj.sg. X 219, A XI 162; w. unexpr. v. of motion XVIII 224, C XX 233; pa.t.Ssg. undertook, set about XIX/XXI 182. 4. pr.t.pl deem, consider (that) C X97. [OEpencan] pinkep v. 3sg. w. dat. ofref. seems, appears 1. w. formal logical subj.: pr.t. Ill 183, IX 153, A III 170, C III 229; pa.t. XI 371, XVI 20; w. contextually indie, logical subject XIII 109, XV 46, C XIII 177, XVI 296; w.ellip.ofsubj. Pr 6, XI 367, XVI 194, A I 105, C XVIII 203; w. grammatical subj. XIV 128, C XI 128. 2. impers. parenthetic: pr.t. me ~ VII 185, A VIII 163, C III 285; pa.t. VIII 70, XIX/XXI 200; as me - pr.t. Pr 165, 207

bo - bow

Glossary

21, CIII 445; those men, people V 325, A V 174, C VIII 25. 2. w. rel. ~ pat those who I 130, III 238, A VIII 80, C V 49, VII 115; as rel. those whom XVIII 355, C IV 196. [OEpd] bo, poo adv. 1. then, at that time Pr 182, VIII 124, A II 131, IV 53, C I 107, IV 105. 2. thereupon, then V 363, VI 121, A IV 49, V251, C I I 1 8 , IV 13; -pat the times, occasions C IX 276. 3. as modal w. inter, actually, indeed A IX 67, CI112. [OEpa] bo cow/, when Pr 176, 147, A V 237, VI 90, CIII65, III 138. [OE/«] bole, boliev. suffer IV 84, A IV 71, CIV 80; pr.t.lsg. XIII 262; of Christ's passion pa.t.3sg. XIII 77, C XV 83; ~ deep XVIII 382, C XX 424; pa.t. 2 sg. XIX/XXI 174; 3sg. XVIII 134, C XX 137; pi XVIII 71, CXX73; intr. pa.t. 3sg. suffered and died XVIII 249, C XX 258; suffer in forbearance C XIX 107. [OE Jmlian] thomas n. man's name A V 28; Thomas a Becket XV 523, A VI 45, C XVII 274; Thomas the Apostle XIX/XXI 165. pom be, thumbe n. thumb V 432, C XIX 136. [OEpuma] thonken v. 1. be grateful to, thank C XIX 107; pr.t.lsg. C XVIII 17; pi. C VIII 135; pa.t.lsg. VIII 111, A IX 101, CX 107; 3sg. C XVIII 19; pi. C IV 152. [OE pancian, poncian] bonkyng ger. expression of gratitude, thanks II 149, A II 113, C II 165. [cp OE pancung\ porn n. thornbush XII 228; hawthorn C II 29; coll. thorny twigs XVIII 48, C XX 48; pi XVIII 47, C XX 47, 321. [OE porn} thorpus see I»ROPIS. poru3, por3, burgh, thorw(e) prep. 1. indie, movement passage through V 561, XIV 304, A VIII 11, C XX 87; throughout XV 571, CIII 377; in II 219, All 178, C II 229; indie, time throughout XIV 113, C IX 254. 2. indie, instrumentality or means through II 153, V 134, 243, A X 41, 50, CIII 451, V 98, VI 21; by I 32(1), 109, XIX/XXI 301, A VI 103, VII 258, C V 127, VII 90, X 208; by means of III 127, VIII 82, XI 81, A X 133, C II 153, 247, III 245; with II 42, V97, VI 323, A VI 122, C I

63, VI 72; for III 214, IV 141, A III 201, C IV 139; from XI 323, XII 100, XIV 83; on XV 295; by right of XI 124. 3. indie, agency through I 32(2), VIII 42, X284, A X 178, C XVI 245, XVII 314; by XI 208, XIII 13, C IX 182. 5. indie, cause because of IV 175, V 484, VI 325, A I 1 1 1 , VIII 127, C Pr 106, I 25, II 250; for III 159, XI 149, C XVII 276; from XIII 355, XIV 77, C III 106, XX 154; of XIV 59; indie, conformity in accordance w. XVIII 389. [OEpuruh, porh] pou3, thouh, pO3, thogh, thauh, thow conj. 1. although, even though, notwithstanding that VI 39, X 184, XII 21, C Pr 203, I 10, VI 60. 2. w. subj. v. even if, even supposing that Pr 205, 135, III 130, C Pr 202, I 19, V 164; less emph. supposing that, if V 92, XII 215, C VI 108, VIII 39; if, nevertheless X 396, C XI 227. [OSc *poh: cp. OI po] bou3t n. 1. mental activity, thought pers. VIII 74, A IX 65, C X 72. 2. consideration, regard, mind C VI 100, VII 20. 3. thought V 505; pi notions XVI 55, C XIX 111; intentions II 91, C II 98. 4. anxiety, concern XIII 4, 21, C XV 4. [OEpoht] pousand, thousend num. adj. thousand VI 191, A VII 177, CIII 234; as n. Pr 147, AV251, C XVIII 153; pi 1116, XVII 21, A II42, C XIX 26. [QEpusend] bow, bou, thow(e) pron. pers. 2sg. thow, you Pr215, 122, A I 5, II 27, CPrl65, I 33; in dir. speech suffixed to v. artow, hastow, kanstow, knowestow, lentestow, my3tow, repentedestow, shallow, trowestow, vsedestow, woltow; ace. dat pee, be thee, you: dir. obj. Pr 125, I 23, A I 37, 133, C I 73, II 53; refl. ace. II 47, III 173, A III 170, IV 7, C VI 12, VII 8; obj. of prep. Ill 38, IV 11, A X 96, C III 144, VII 150; indir. obj. Pr 126(1), II 118, VI 34, A I 182, II 85, C I 24, III 135; refl. dat. V 285, C VI 341; dat. of ref. IV 145, XII 7, A IV 128, VII 33, C V27, VII 106; w. impers. v. 125, III 18, A I 25, C XI 132, XV 250; gen. pi, byn(e) as n. what is yours XIII 149, C VI 289; your adherents C III 136; your army C IV 192; as pass. adj. thy, your Pr 126, I 142, III 266, A I 39, II 5, III 246, CPrl49, 1141. [OEfii, j>e, fin] 208

braldom - til

Glossary

together in a crowd, thronged V 510, A V 251, C VII 155. [cp. OE geprung, geprang] bursday n. Thursday XVI 140, 160. [OE pursdag] burst, brist, brest, furste n. thirst V 381, AV209, XI 46, C VI 438. [OE] bursteb, fursteth v. impers. pr.t. me ~ I thirst XVIII 367, C XX 408. [OE jyyrstan] bus adv. 1. in this/that way, fashion, in such a way, thus Pr 76, II 43, III 75, A V98, VI 102, VII 252, C III 213, 431; w. those words II 52, XIII 198; w. contextual modal emph. so IV 184, X 363, XIII 130, A II 15, VII 192, C IV 178, V 1, VI 137, VIII 213 2. by this means XVI 52, C XVII 181, XVIII 52. 3. accordingly I 136, XVII 154, 294, A I 125, C III 333, X 301. 4. in the following manner II 74, V 12, A VIII 94, C V 1 1 , VI 423. 5. correl. ~ ... bat V 149, C VI 122; w. adv. for emph. ~ soone XIII 38, C XII 6; ~ curteisliche XIII 198. [OE] thusgates adv. to this effect, as follows C XVI 308. [ME] thwytinge ger. whittling, shaping C VIII 199. [OEfntntan] tybourne n. Tyburn, 2 miles west of the City of London C VI 368; by melon, the gallows XII 190, C XIV 129. tid adv. quickly, soon XX/XXII 54; as ~ at once XIII 318. [cp. OI titt] tiderc. time of the day A II 40. [OE fid] tidy adj. 1. virtuous, righteous 1X107, C III 475. 2. equal to the occasion XVIII 299, C XX 332. 3. right for the occasion III 322, C III 475; comp. better adapted to the season C XII 188. [fr. tid n.] tidynges n. pi. information, intelligence XIX/XXI 342. [LOE] tyen, teyen v. bind, confine in prison I 96, A I 94, C I 92; pr.t.3sg. Ill 140, A III 129, CIII 178. [OEtlgan] tikel, tykil adj. easily aroused, sexually responsive III 131, A III 120, CIII 168. [fr. v.] tikes n. pi. churls, villeins XIX/XXI 37. [cp. OI tike] ti\prep. 1. of place to XVII 149, XVIII 224, C I 133, V I 1 1 ; of an occasion C Pr 169, VIII 98; of a person up to C XVIII 168, XXII 134. 2. of time until,

braldom n. bondage XVIII 103, C XX 106. [ME] bralles n. serfs, villeins XIX/XXI 33; fig. A VIII 57. [OEpr<el] bre num. adj. three I 20, A X 167, C III 378; modif. pron. VIII 110, 131, XVII 162, A XI 157, CX106; as n. XVII 30, A IX 105, C XVIII 200; of the Trinity a ~ as three men XVIII 241. [OE pre, preo] bredbare adj. worn smooth, threadbare V 197, A V 1 1 3 , C VI 205. [ME] threschynge ger. threshing w. a flail C VIII 199. bresshe v. pr.t.lsg. thresh (w. a flail) V 546. [OE perscan, LOE prescan, pryscan] bressfold, thresfold, bresshewold n. threshold V 350, A V 198, C VI 408. [OE perscwold, prexold] brest, brist see I>URST. bretynge ger. threat, awful warning XVIII 282. breve n. a considerable number, a couple of dozen XVI 55. [cp. Olprep] bridde num. adj. third V 496, C XVIII 50; as n. X 54, A VIII 55, C XI 158; in appos. after n. be- Pr 121, A IX 69, C XI03. [OEpridda] thrift n. good management, achievement A X 108. [cp. Olprift] brittene, threttene num. as n. thirteen V 212, AV128, C VI 220. [OE preotme] britty num. adj. thirty V 415, XVIII 133, C XVII 23; asn. XIII 269. [OE pntig] bryueb v. pr.t.Ssg. prospers, thrives X 214, A XI 157; pi. Pr 32, A Pr 32. [cp. OI prifask] brobbant v. prp. violently beating A XII 48. [?] bropis, thorpus n. upland villages A II 45, CPr223. [OEprop] brote n. throat XVII 330, C XIX 310. [OE protu] browe n. occasion, time XVIII 76, C XX 78. [OEprah] browe v. 1. cast, throw XVI 131; pa.t.3sg. XVIII 50; fig. XX/XXII 164; imp.pl. C XX 293; pp. A VIII 57. 2. intr. pa.t.3sg. fell violently V 350. A V 198, C VI 408. [OEfrdwan] brumbled, thromblede v. pa.t.Ssg. tripped and stumbled V 350, A V 198, C VI 408. [?] brungen, brongen v. pa.t.pl. came 209

til - to

Glossary

to III 312, VI 263, A VI 66, VII 273, C III 308. 3. of a state or condition until V 515, XI 35, A VI 3. 4. in dat. use to Pr 228, V601, C VI 188, XI 310. [cp. OI til} tilconj. to the time that, until Pr41, XIII 458, A II 107, IV 18, C Pr 166, II 51; till at length XV 11. [as prec.] tilde, telde v. pa.t.Bsg. fig. camped XII 210, C XIV 149; pp. pitched, set up A II42. [OEteldian] tilie(n), tilion, tilen, tulie v. 1. intr. labour, toil Pr 120, XIX/XXI 434; pr.t.Ssg. XIX/XXI 438. 2. get by labour VI 233, A VII 217; pp. XV 107; pa.t.pl. produced by husbandry XIV 68, C XV 267; fig. XIX/XXI 261, 333. 3. cultivate, plough VI 236, A VIII 2, C XX 108; pa.t.pl. XV 364, C XVII 101; fig. C X 200; prp. as adju. C VIII 140, XI 293. 4. cultivate, grow (a particular crop) C VIII 243; fig. C Pr 87; imp.pl. XIX/ XXI 316. 5. intr. drive the plough-team, work the land XIX/XXI 238; pa.t.pl. C XV 263. [OEtilian] tillers, tilyares, tulyers n. men who work w. the land, farmers XIII 239, XV 368, A XI 184, CPr227, XVII 101. [ME] tilbe, tulthe, telbe n. prospective harvest, growing crops XIX/XXI 432, A VII 127. [OE] tymber n. by synec. building materials XIX/XXI 319. [OE timber] tymbre v. build (nests) XI 361; pa.subj.pl build (tenements, mansions) III 85, A III 74, C III 84. [OE timbran] tyme n. 1. period of time, while, interval, time V 199, 491, A VI 46, C V 100. 2. available time, leisure VI 11, A VII 19, C II 15; ellip. ~ yno3 soon enough XI 36, C XI 195; time for profitable activity IX 101, CIII463, V93; time devoted to an activity XI 173, C XII 95. 3. (sbody's) day, era, time X 390, A VIII 147, C XI 217; lifetime C V 101(2); pi. days C V 101(1); bat- in those days XV 276. 4. specified or designated time, occasion XIII 203, XV 547, C VII 145, XVIII 246; term of the loan XIII 375, C VI 247; in religious use prescribed, sanctioned or forbidden time II 96, 1X187, C X 288; pi. XIII 349, C VI 183; fiil/hy/ plener ~ the fullness of time XVI 102, 103, C XVIII 136. 5. time as requisite

VI 78, X 161, A VII 70, C VIII 80; my ~ this is my time XI 378; be ~ in good time A VI 123; right moment, opportunity IV 20, XIII 97, AV68, C VII 15. 6. occasion (of an occurrence), time XIII 68, C XI 69; pi. V 169, XV 282, C VI 118, 1X298. 7. time (of occurrence seen as the actual event), occasion V 114, VII 98, A VII 297, C VIII 335. [OE fima] tymme n. Tim (for Timothy) V 309, A V 160, C VI 364. tyne v. 1. be deprived of I 113, XI 36, A XII 86, CXI 195; pr.t.Ssg. X 355, A XI 238. 2. destroy XIX/XXI 342. 3. waste, squander C XIV 8; pp. C V 93. 4. pp. lost XVIII 140, C XX 143. 5. pr.t.pl fail to win IX 175, A X 196, C X 277. [cp. OI tyna] tynyngeger. wasting IX 101. tynkere, tynekare n. mender of pots and kettles, tinker V 309, A V 160, C VI 364; pi. Pr221. [? echoic] tyraunt n. 1. villain, malefactor XX/XXII 60; pi. scoundrels II 200, A II 161, C II 214. 2. pi. oppressive landlords XV 420. [AFtirant] titeleris, titerares n. pi. tattlers, gossips XX/XXII 299. [ME fr. titillen v.] tibe num. adj. tenth XV 488. [OE teojfa] tibe n. annual tax levied on the net increment and income of a parishioner in support of the church, tenth part, tithe VI 76, A VII 84, C VI 298; pi. XV 107, A VII 68, C XVI 260; (rector's) income from tithes C VI 304. [fr. prec.] tythe v. pay tithe (of earnings) C VI 305; pay the requisite tithe for C XIII 73; w. cogn. ace. pay C VIII 84. [fr. prec.] title n. 1. legal right to possession of property XVIII 294, C XX 324. 2. certificate of preferment to a benefice, guarantee of support XI 290, C XIII 106. [AF] to prep. 1. in die. physical destination or direction to Pr 13, 43, A P r S l , 181, C IV 51, 124; into II 222, A III 10, C IX 125; at XV 300, XVI 75, C XVIII 107, XX 50; for XVII 71; before Pr 124, A III 42, C VIII 194; abstract or fig. to Pr 23, I 65, V 185, C V 125; come ~ acquire XI 53, C IX 156; come ~ bokes conceive of and write books C XIV 157. 2. w. dat. force indie, applicability, address, recipient to, for Pr 32, 83, 106, 210

to - tolle

Glossary

today adv. this day, today VI 98, A VII 90, C XX 404. [OEtodag] todrowe v. pa.t.pl racked on the cross X 35, A XI 27. [ME] toforn, tofore prep. 1. in front of, before XIII 49, C V 114; ~ god by meton. solemnly V 449, A V 2 2 1 , C VII 63. 2. previous to, before XII 130. [OE tdforan] toft n. eminence, mount Pr 14, A I 12, C I 12. [LOE] togidere(s), togidres, togedere(s), togedre adv. 1. in(to) association, together Pr46, I 197, A II 23, III 152, C III 211, IV 146; of conflict to grips XIV 239, C XVI 79; of inanimates together, into one V210, 1X3, AV134, C VI218. 2. in company, together Pr 63, I 40, A I 55, C Pr 143; w. ben XIX/XXI 166; as a single entity XVII 224, C XIX 190; of legal arrangements in alliance, association III 299, A III 275, C III 452; jointly II 70, III 291, A II 66, C III 444; as equals XII 208, C XIV 147; to an equal degree C III 164; w. one another V 328, XV 275, A VIII 74, C IV 25, 44; side by side XIX/XXI 313, A II 145, C XIII 42; both II 84; one and all V41, A V 34; as well II 84, 93, C III 452; without counting III 138, III 127, C III 176. 3. in all, all told I 121. [OE togzdere, togedre] togrynt v. pr.t.Ssg. grinds, crushes utterly C XI 60. [ME cp. OE grindan] toille v. work hard A XI 186. [AF toiler] toke v. 1. pr.t.pl. find fault w., question the correctness of XIX/XXI 463. 2. pp. of cloth dressed by fulling XV 455. [OE tucian, MDu tucken] tokene, tookene n. 1. symbol Pr 88, C Pr 86. 2. signal X 372; message CIII 133, XIII 12. 3. password V 597, A XI 113, C VII 245, XI 103; pi X 222, A XI 172; assurances of security XVI 230, C XVIII 246. 3. prearranged sign XVI 147. [OE tacen] tokenynge ger. betokening, signification V 19, XVI 204, A V 19, C V 121, XVII 33. [cp. OE tdcnung] tokkeris n. fullers, cloth-finishers A Pr 100. [fr. v.] tol n. charge, payment C Pr 98; tax, tribute C XIII 73. [OEtoll] tolle v. pay a toll C XIII 51. [fr. n.]

137, 199, III 132, V482, A I 98, 148, X 49, XI 34, C Pr 146, 148, III 497, VI 20; upon 1X90, XVIII 94, 340, C XIX 194; in XV 358, C XVII 96; in the case of XVII 338, C XIX 318; w. XIX/XXI 265; ~ my lewed wit in my misguided understanding XV 83; hab enuye ~ hate(s) V 610, XX/XXII 247, A VI 96, C VII 263; fig. is a rival for IX 7, A X 7, C X 134. 3. indie, limit or final state to 197, 171, A XII 9, CIII 201, 460; until III 109, XIV 105, A III 98, C XII 69; up to XIV 243, C XVII 57; ~ pay(e) to his satisfaction V 549, A VI 36, C VII 193; fulliche ~ to the full extent of XV 61. 4. indie, attachment, kinship, conformity w. resemblance to 145, 166, V 625, XV 344, A II 28, XI 158, C I 15, III 377; in accordance w. XVI 158, XIX/XXI 316, C XVIII 175; ymage ~ hymself in his own image IX 34, A X 35; Peeren ~ are peers of XV 418. 5. indie, state or condition to, unto I 62, V 634, A I 60, III 210, IV 108, C VII 90, XV 126; as III 111, V 267, A I 80, III 100, C III 369; to ferme on lease XVI 16. 6. in comp. (y)lik~ 191; semblable ~ CIII 335; compared w. V 283, XII 138, C XIV 83; to compare w. XIII 339, C VI 83; comparable w. VII 174, XIX/XXI 19; of comparable value to XIII 193; to set against, opffset XIV 190. 7. of diet on V 173, C VI 155; of time by V412. 8. indie, contravention against III 293, A III 268. 9. as adju. to v. VI 29, XIII 332, XVI 36, XIX/XXI 114, A VII 31, C I 55, VIII 29. 10. as infm. marker Pr 33, A Pr 29, C Pr 31; doubling as inf. marker after v.: of refraining XI 102(1), XVI 65, C XII 36; of avoiding X 103; of hindering X 271, XI 138, C XII 73; of desisting VII 156; of restraining (one)self C XIX 245, 249. [OE to} to adv. unduly, excessively, too I 141, V 184, A VII 138, 247, C V 23; in addition, as well C X 185. [OE to] tobye n. Tobias X 33, A XI 25, C XVII 37. tobroke pp. in disrepair, unserviceable VII 28, A VIII 30, C IX 32; crippled, disabled C IX 99. [OE tobrecan] tocleue v. split open XII 139, C XIV 84; fall asunder, collapse C XX 112; pa.t.3sg. CXX61. [OE tocleofan] 211

tolled - trauaille

Glossary

tolled, tolde v. pa.t.pl. teased, coaxed V 212, AV128, C VI 220. [OE*tollian] tollers n. collectors of the tax Pr221, A Pr 100. [fr.prec.] tolomeus n. Claudius Ptolomaeus, author of the Almagest! C XII 176. tolugged, tologged pp. harshly treated, harassed II 219, A II 178, C II 229. [ME] tombe n. tomb C XVIII 143. [AF tumbe] tomblest v. pr.t.2sg. stumble and fall, will be brought down A XII 91. [AF tumbler] tome, torn n. leisure, free time II 186, A II 147, C II 199. [cp. OI torn] tomme, thomme n. Tom IV 18, CV130. tomorwe, tomorewe adv. tomorrow II 44, A II 22, CII48. [ME] tonder, tender n. tinder XVII 249, C XIX 215. [OEtynder] to(u)nge n. tongue 1. as the organ of speech Pr51, A XI 120, C VI 109, 426; pi C XII 198; wib ~ in actual words C VII 144; wib bi ~ by prayer for a benefactor V 286. 2. as the faculty of speech Pr 158, III 131, A III 120, C Pr 178; by synec. fluency X 452, C XI 277; fig. C X 200. 3. as what is said speaking, speech I 88, V 97, A I 153, C VI 332, VII 197; man wib his ~ calumniator XIII 159, CXV 158. 4. language C XVII 293; harlotes ~ bawdy stories XIII 415; of a Neddres ~ poisonous V 86. 5. as the organ of taste VI 266, A VII 250. [OEtunge] tonne n. barrel, tun XV 338. [OE tunne] to(o)Ies n. pi. tools, implements X 182, A XI 134, C XI 122; sg. eg ~ weapon C III 476. [OEtot\ toobaches, toethaches n. pi. toothaches XX/XXII82. [ME] top n. 1. top, crown (of a tree) XVI 22. 2. hair of the head III 140, A III 129, C III 178. [OEtopp] toquasched v. pa.t.Bsg. became fissured, rifted C XX 63; broke apart C XX 257. [ME] torche n. torch XVII 206, C XIX 181. [AF] torende v. fig. be spiritually destroyed X 116. [OE torendan] toreueth v. pr.t.Ssg. despoils, plunders C III 203. [ME] torn, tore pp. ragged, torn V 195, A V 111, C VI 203. [OEteran]

toroef v. pa.t.Ssg. was riven apart C XX 62. [ME: cp. OI rifa] tortle n. turtle-dove C XIV 161. [OE turtla] toshullen pp. somehow injured XVII 194, C XIX 160. [ME: ? cp. OI skjalla, pp. skolinn] toten v. look hard XVI 22; pa.t.lsg. C XVIII 53. [OEtotian] tothdraweras n. pi. quack dentists C VI 370. [ME] touche(n) v. 1. handle, put hand to, touch XVII 152; pr.t.pl. C XIX 146; pa.t.Ssg. XVII 150, XIX/XXI 172; pi. XVIII 194, C XX 305. 2. lay hands on, harm XVIII 75, C XX 79. 2. treat of XV 74. 3. pa.subj.sg. had to do w., concerned XI 100. [AF toucher} tour n. castle, commanding stronghold Pr 14, A I 12, C Pr 15; fig. heavenly city A VI 79, CI134. [AF] touore adj. comp. hardier C XII 188. [OE toh] tow n. inflammable fibre XVII 249. [OE tow-] toward adj. at hand C Pr 218. [OE toweard] toward prep, in the direction of, toward XIII 102, C VI 331. [OE toweard} towne, toune n. town XIII 303, A XI 213; of Bethlehem C XIV 91; of London XIII 265; of Jerusalem XVII 85; pi A X 138, C Pr 179; borw ~ town w. a municipal corporation C III 112. [OE tun} trailynge ger. trailing XII 244. transuerseth v. pr.t.Ssg. offends, transgresses C III 446. [AF transverser] tras n. path, track fig. A XII 91. [AF trace] trauaille, trauaile n. physical labour VI 133, A X 145; exertion XV 488, XVII 250, CIII 373, 1X152; work VII 44, A VII 235, CIII 351; effort XI 195, XIV 153; pi. strenuous spiritual exercises C 1X235. [AF travaille] trauaille v. 1. work honestly Pr 120, VI 139, C III 296; abs. to work IX 107; exert (one)self C VIII 251; pr.t.3sg. XIII 117, XIX/XXI 438, C XII 96, XV 125; pr.subj.pl. work (as pastors etc.} XI 288, C XIII 102; make an effort XV 503, C XVII 254; pr.subj.pl. put forth effort in battle XX/XXII 260. 2. journey, travel XVI 10. [AF travailler] 212

trauaillynge - triacle

Glossary

moral offence XII 287, C XIV 209; pp. sinned V 368, C VI 426. [AF trespaser] trespassours n. pi. criminal offenders A I 94. [AF] tretour n. traitor, one guilty of treason XVIII 380, C XX 422; betrayer of God's trust, sinner XIX/XXI 438, C XIX 242. [AF traitour] treupe see TRUI>E. trewe n. respite, halt (to affliction) VI 331, C VIII 352; pi. for sg. peace, truce XVIII 416, C XX 459. [OEtre'own.] trewe, treuwe adj. 1. trustworthy, reliable, true XII 123, XIV 72, A XI 184, C IX 213, XI 94; superl. XVII 26; honest C VIII 200. 2. sincere XIII 193; genuine XII 290(2), XIV 198, C I 136, II 37. 3. steadfast, constant XIX/XXI 298; ~ God God who is unalterable truth XII 290(1), C XIV 212(1); veritable C XI 149. 4. righteous, upright Pr 120, III 304, C II 125, III 355; post. C IV 76. 5. representing the thing that is, true XI 100, XVIII 389, C XX 135; of religious beliefs true XII 212, XIII 210, C Pr 100, VII 260, XV 133; correct, accurate III 337, C III 382; fig. C III 406. 6. veracious, truthful I 88, A I 153, C I 175; fig. Ill 322, C IV 18. 7. honest (in financial dealings) V 425, XII 58, C III 299; -of tail chaste XV 105; a faithful husband C X 80. 8. legally valid, legitimate X 347, XVIII 294, C I 94; sacramentally valid C XVII 77; applicable, valid III 346; honestly acquired C XIX 242. 9. law-abiding III 292, XV 420, A III 222, CIII 201, 445; having a just cause C I 95; just C II 132; as n. pe ~ the innocent man III 140, A III 129, C III 178; pi. righteous men C III 472, VII 258. [OEtreowe] trewely adv. honestly I 179, C I 96(1), VIII 241; loyally C I 96(2); truthfully II 238, A II 197, C II 254; reliably C XII 203; confidently XV 163, C XVI 297; exactly XVII 14, C XIX 15; accurately XVII 146, C XIX 120; w. genuine effort XI 288; w. conviction XIX/XXI 177; rightly IX 189, A X 202; emph. indeed VI 22, VII 185, A VII 24, C IX 331; in fact, actually XVI 212, C XIX 120. [OE treowlice] triacle n. sovereign remedy I 148, C I 146; fig. supreme safeguard V49. [AF]

trauaillynge ger. labouring VI 248, A VII 232. trauaillours n. workmen XIII 239. [AF travaillour] trauersed v. pa.t.Ssg. transgressed XII 287, C XIV 209. [AF traverser] trec(c)herie, tric(c)herie n. disloyalty, betrayal (of God as truth) C Pr 12; deception C XX 319; the effect of deception (by Satan) I 198, A I 172, C I 193; wickedness VII 79. [AF] trede v. 1. of birds mate C XIV 161; pa.t.pl. XI 356, C XIII 165. 2. pr.t.pl. walk upon, tread A X 104. [OE tredan] tree, tre n. 1. tree C XVIII 75; pi. XI 356, C XVI 248; fig. XVI 4. 2. the tree of knowledge XVIII 140(1), 194, C XX 397; the cross, rood-tree XVIII 140(2), 359, C XX 143(2). [OE treo, tre'ow] treys n. throw of three at the dice fig. C XVIII 238. [AFtreis] trembled pa. t.Ssg. 1. shook II 238, A l l 197, C II 254. 2. was overcome w. anxiety XI 115, C XII 50. [AF trembler] trepget n. trap, pitfall A XII 91. [AF trebuchet] treson, tresoun n. 1. treachery (to the sovereign) V 49; (to God) C XX 319; betrayal XVI 158, C Pr 12, XVIII 175. 2. deceit VII 79, XVIII 294, C XX 324; wickedness XIX/XXI 90; moral offence CIII 87. [AF] tresor, tresour n. 1. money 145, VII 188, A I 43, C I 43; wealth I 83, XV 549, C 166; worldly goods 156, XIV 312, A I 54, C XVI 146; wealth acquired by wrongdoing I 70, A I 68; money offered as a bribe II 200, III 124, A II 161, C III 161. 2. property or wealth as a resource at need fig. V 49, XII 295, C V 181, X 182; pi. resources VII 55. 3. valued possession, treasure I 137, A I 182, C I 136; fig. cristes ~ the souls of the faithful X 480; the saving grace of the sacrament of penance XII 109, C XIV 54; cristes ~ the personal wealth of higher clergy XVII 69; goddes ~ human intelligence C X 176; pi. fig. values I 85, A I 124, C I 8 1 . [AF] tresorer n. paymaster XX/XXII 260. [AF] trespas n. offence, wrongdoing I 97, A I 95, C I 9 3 . [AF] trespasejj v. pr.t.Ssg. offends, transgresses III 293, A III 268; pa.t.Ssg. committed a 213

tribulacions - trupe

Glossary C II 231. [AF trusser] trust, trist n. 1. reliance VII 188, A VIII 166, C IX 334. 2. expectation III 124, A III 113, C III 161. [? OE * tryst and cp. OI traust] truste, triste v. have confidence, rely VII 185, A VIII 163, C IX 331; pr.t.pl. have faith XI 288, C XIII 102; imp.sg. C VI 333; pr.t.3sg. -to trusts XIII 332. [OE *trystan: cp. trost] trusty adj. faithful, honest VIII 83, A IX 74. [fr. n.] trupe, treupe, troupe n. 1. loyalty, steadfast allegiance XIX/XXI 90; solidarity C V 183. 2. good faith or loyalty pledged in promise or affirmation V 274, VI 34, A VII 36, C Pr 12, II 127(2); pledge XX/ XXII 118; pli3te hir ~ swear upon oath III 317, C III 470. 3. honesty, uprightness as a principle of conduct XIX/XXI 194, A VIII 41, CIII 137, 349; pers. C II 127(1), III 133, XI 17; fig. an honest weight V 216, A V 132, C VI 224; an honest measure C III 89; an honest act XIII 359; a truthful oath XX/XXII 161; quasi-adv. wip ~ honestly VI 96, A VII 88, C IX 252. 4. righteousness, uprightness of life as a mode of conduct I 102, 131, XI 152, A VII 62, C I 144, III 309, XII 91; fig. XIX/XXI 261, XX/XXII 53; pers. V 547, VI 139, C VII 190. 5. uprightness of life, integrity as a value I 85, IV 114, XII 290, A IV 101, C I 81, XVII 211; pers. 199, XI 164, A I 97, C I 103. 6. fulfilled spirituality of life and conduct III 301, XIV 100, C III 454. 7. justice, righteous judgement V 52, XI 159 (both), XIX/XXI 478, C III 446, XI 25; fig. XX/XXII 135; pers. I 97, III 319, A III 268, VII 39, C XVI 187, XVII 45. 8. the true course of justice, the cause of right III 154, 243, IV 176, A III 146, XI 20, C I 100, IV 170. 9. truth as an absolute principle C XVII 141; true statement, that which accords w. fact IV 157, C XII 173, 233; the matter as it really is XII 129, XV 414, C VIII 49, 296, XII 38; fig. C III 344; a correct decision C VI 386; the true moral issues X 22, XV 91; in formulaic asseveration ~ woot pe sope God knows the truth of this II 122, A VI 84, VII 122, C VII 245; this is manifestly true IX 101. 10. true religious belief or principle 1148, V

tribulacions n. pi. persecutions C XII 202. [AF] tribut n. in phr. vnder ~ required to pay tribute in acknowledgement of submission XIX/XXI37. [AF] trie adj. fine, choice XV 168; excellent XVI 4; superl. most valuable 1137, A I 126. [AF] tried pp. tested, evaluated 185, A 124, C 1202. [AF trier] trieliche adv. splendidly, magnificently Pr 14, A Pr 14. [fr. adj.] triennals, trionales n. pi. masses said periodically over three years for the repose of a departed soul VII 176, A VIII 163, C IX 334. [AFandL] trinite(e) n. 1. the Godhead as three persons, triune God I 109, X 54, A I 172, XI 62, CXI 149. 2. three-foldness; three-ness I 133, A I 122, C I 134. 3. triad XIII 94, C XV 109. [AF] tripe n. small flock of sheep C IX 263. [AF] troden see TREDE. troianus, troianes n. the Emperor Trajan XI 141, C XII 76. troyledest v. pa.t.2sg. beguiled, deceived C XX 319. [AFtruiller] trolled v. pp. gone from place to place XVIII 299, C XX 332. [AF trailer] trolly see HOW. trompe, trompy v. play the trumpet XIII 230, C XV 204; pa.t.Bsg. blew a fanfare XVIII 422, C XX 465. [AF tromper] tronep v. pr.t.Bsg. enthrones I 133, A I 122. [fr. AF trone n.] trotted v. pa.t.Bsg. trotted II 165, A II 129. [AF troter] troupe see TRUI>E. trowe v. 1. give credence to, have faith in XVII 165; pr.t.2g. XIX/XXI 177; 3sg. C XVI 305; pr.t.lsg. believe C VI 298; pr.t.lsg. believe confidently I 145, XIV 252, A I 133, C XVI 92; am sure X 436; -trewely am quite certain XV 163, C XVI 297. 2. consider, suppose pr.t.2sg. XII 164, C XIV 108; pr.t.lsg. have no doubt III 44, IV 41, A V 69, VIII 59, C III 46. 3. intr. pr.t.lsg. hope III 19, A III 18, C V 49. [OE treowan] trufle, truyfle, tryfle n. 1. thing of no account XII 138, C XIV 83. 2. nonsense XVIII 147, C XX 150. [AF] trusse v. pack up and go II 221, A II 180, 214

Glossary

trupe - vncoupled tutour, tutor n. custodian, guardian I 56, A I 54, CI52. [AF] tweye, tweyne, twei3e, twene num. as n. two V 32, A V 160, C VI 209; as adj. A XII 83, C XVIII 81; hem ~ XVIII 172, CXV1II230. [OEtwegen] twelf/iz/m. as adj. V 195, A V 1 1 1 , XI 25, C XI 30; as n. V 212, A V 128, C VI 220. [OE] tweluemonpe, twelmonthe n. year XIII 336, CVI80. [OE twelfinonaf] twenty num. adj. w. notional sense many XII 190, XVI 10, C XIV 129. [OE twentig] twies num. adv. two times, twice V414, C VII 29; more than once IV 23, C VII 29. [OE twiga red. to twie] twyned pp. ~ togideres combined (to make a taper) XVII 207, C XIX 173. [cp. OI tvinna] two, to num. adj. two V 28, 340, A VI 63, C Pr 106, III 382; pleonastic w. adj. V 135, A IX 72, C XV 85; hope ~ II 55, A II 34, C XIII 80; two distinct III 231, A III 218, C III 333; as n. X 54, A XI 272, C X I 35. [OEtwd]

277, VII 112, A VIII 94, C IX 286, XI 30; spiritual reality as the subject of revelation I 109, A I 107; the doctrinal assurance of saving grace XV 471. 11. pers. one of the four 'Daughters of God' XVIII 119, C XX 122. 12. pers. the imago del restored in the soul V 606, A VI 93, C VII 255. 13. pers. God's saving grace obtained by disposition to a righteous life VII 1, A VIII 1, C IX 1; as object of pilgrimage V 57, VI 58, A V 254, C VII 177. 14. pers. the Deity: as object of worship I 133, VI 101, AVI 79, C VIII 110; as Creator VII 55, All 30, C X 182; as the source of moral principles II 117, V 559, VII 23, A V I 104, VII 66, C II 121, VII 203, VIII 137; oure lord ~ C IX 19; as seeing into people's hearts II 138, A II 102, C II 154; as author of the sacred texts III 343, C III 495; as infinite excellence opposed to the falsity of evil 112, A I 12, C Pr 15; as infinite justice and mercy XVIII 295, C XX 325. [OE treowb, triewb] trupeward, treuthward n. the direction of truth XIV 312, C XVI 146. [ME] tulyng ger. husbandry, tillage XIV 64. tuliustt. Marcus Tullius Cicero C XII 176. tulthe see TiLre. tunycle n. vestment worn by bishops when saying mass XV 168. [AF and L] turne, torne v. 1. turn into another direction or position C IX 144; pr.t.lsg. V 110, A V 90; pa.t.pl. V 19, A V 19, C V 121; pr.subj.sg. XVII 186, C XIX 152; pp. Ill 341, C III 493; refl. pa.t.Ssg. XIII 318; ~ pe fayre outward keep up appearances C IX 85; pa.t.Ssg. directed, turned back XVI 110, C XVII 273; intr. turn, resort XI 45, C XII 2; ~ ageyn turn against, play false w. XVIII 361, C XX 399. 2. convert XIII 210, XV 512, C XVII 263; pa.t.Ssg. XV 446; pi. XV 438; abs. adopt Christianity III 327, C XVII 254. 3. transform, change XIX/XXI 90; pa.t.Ssg. XIX/XXI 109, XX/XXII 137; pr.subj.sg. XIX/XXI 450; ~ vp so doun Jig. changed into its opposite XX/XXII 54; intr. change, become transformed V 185, XVII 304, C XII 208; pr.t.Ssg. XVII 315, C XIX 295; pa.t.Ssg. C XIII 19; pr.subj.sg. XVII 319, C XV 217. [AF turner but cp. OE tyrnan]

u vmwhile, vmbewhile, vmbywhile adv. from time to time V 338, AV187, C VI 396. [OE ymb hwtle] vnbynden v. release from the guilt of sin Pr 101, XIX/XXI 189, C Pr 129. [OE unbindan] vnblessed pp. as good as damned XIX/ XXI 404. [cp. OE ungeblissod, unblissian] vnbokelede v. pa.t.Ssg. removed from their case C XIX 70. [ME] vnbuxom, vnbuxum adj. unresponsive to moral correction II 83, A IX 93, C II 90; rebellious, insubordinate XIII 275; intractable C VI 16. [ME] vnchargeb v. pr.t.Ssg. frees from the burden of guilt XV 345. [ME] vnche n. inch AV100. [LOEynce] vncomly, vncomely adj. unseemly, illmatched IX 165, A X 186. [ME] vnconnyngliche adv. ill-advisedly, mistakenly C III 263. [fr. adj.] vncorteysliche adv. inelegantly, gracelessly C XIII 171. [fr. adj.] vncoupled/?/>. as of hounds not leashed in couples Prl62, CPr207. [ME] 215

vncristen - vngraue

Glossary

vncristen adj. not Christian, unbaptized X 354, A XI 237, C XII 78; pi. as coll. n. those not Christian I 93, C I 89. [ME] vncrounede pp. untonsured, lay C V 65. [ME] vnder, vndir prep. 1. beneath, under Pr 186, A IX 56, C V I 4 3 ; ~ fee cheke in the mouth V 164; of a coin ~ |>e bombe V 432, C VII 45; ~ foot by trampling XV 453; ~ heuene in the world XX/ XXII 276; ~ mone sublunary, earthly XVII 94. 2. of concealment beneath XIX/XXI 347, C IX 139; couered ~ symbolized by XIX/XXI 86. 3. at the foot of Pr 8, XVII 105, A Pr 8. 4. subordinate to XV 378, C XVII 230; subject to XIX/XXI 37; of monastic rule submissive to XII 37, C IX 223. 5. in the service of XIV 290, C XI 251; w. rel. sense Pr 88, X 253, XVI 17, C IX 236; clergie ~ crist erudition in Christendom XI 144. 6. authorized, warranted by VII 23, A VIII 25, C IX 138. 7. fig. of legal protection XIV 191, XX/XXII 17. 8. creature ~ crist mortal being XI 389, C XIV 159. [OE under] vnderfonge v. 1. receive, be given XV 106, C XVI 260; pr.t.Bsg. Ill 215, A III 202; pi. C III 271. 2. receive as guests C IX 129; pp. welcomed X 231; into heaven V 626, VII 177, AVI 111, C IX 323. 3. pa.t. 1 sg. received in baptism I 76, A I 74, C I 7 3 ; 3sg. XI 118, C XII 53. 4. pp. admitted (to a status) C III 111. 5. pp. accepted and granted XI 150, C XII 85. [OE underfongen] vnderlyng n. subordinate VI 46, C VIII 43. [OE underling] vndernymej) v. pr.t.3sg. reproves, reproaches V 116; pp. XIII 281, XX/XXII 51; intr. imp.sg. XI 215. [OE underniman] vndernymynge ger. reproof, rebuke C VI 35. vnderpight/?/?. shored up, propped up XVI 23. [ME] vndershored pp. supported w. props C XVIII 47. [ME: cp. MDu schore] vnderstonde(n), vndirstonde, vnderstande v. 1. understand, account for V 430, C VII 43. 2. accept as a principle C III 399; be certain of VI 54, A VII 49. 3. be interpreted XVII 333, C XIX 313; pp. signified XII 259, XV 472. 4. pr.subj.sg. are receptive, attentive XIV

279. 5. dide hem to ~ came to an understanding, agreed VIII 100, A IX 90. [OE understandan] vnderstondynge, vnderstandynge ger. intelligence A X 71, C XI 299; in phr. ofkynde~ gifted w. intelligence C V 56, XIV 102; insight, perception C XI 112; lewede ~ comprehension hampered by ignorance C XIII 116. vndertake(n) v. 1. receive C Pr 98. 2. give an assurance, undertake X 157, A XI 109, C XIX 19; pp. C XX 20; contract, commit oneself C III 296. 3. pa.subj.sg. rebuked, found fault w. XI 91, C XII 32. [ME] vndeuoutiliche, vndeuouteliche adv. hastily, perfunctorily, without devotion Pr 98, CPrl26. [ME] vndignely adv. without respect for the sacrament XV 243. [ME] vndo, vndoen v. 1. unlock, unbar C VII 249; imp.pl XVIII 319, C XX 272. 2. imp.sg. unfasten, untie XIII 157. 3. overpower C XX 340; destroy, bring to naught XX/XXII 89. 4. pr.t.pl. annul, dissolve XV 243. 5. pr.t.Bsg. interprets, explains C II 41; pa.t.Bsg. C IX 306. [OE undon] vndoynge ger. ruin, downfall XV 599. [ME] vnesiliche adv. in phr. ~ ywrye w. uncomfortable bedclothes XIV 233, C XVI 74. [ME] vnfettre, vnfetere v. remove fetters from, set free III 139, A III 128, C III 177. [ME] vnfolde v. 1. spread open, vnclench XVII 179, C XIX 144; pp. XVII 185, C XIX 151; pr.t.Bsg. unfolds VII 109, A VIII 91, C IX 283; pi. II 73, A II 55, C II 75. [OEunfealdan] vnglade adv. cheerlessly XVII 227. [cp. OE ungl&d] vngodly adv. wickedly, impiously X 330. [ME] vngracious adj. 1. lacking in aptitude IX 197, A X 211, C X 2 9 6 . 2. lacking in the necessary good disposition X 396, C XI 227. [ME] vngraciousliche adv. for wrong purposes, without regard for the soul of the deceased XV 133, C XVI 280. [ME] vngraue pp. unstamped, unminted C IV 127. [ME] 216

vnhardy - vnseled

Glossary

vnlosen v. 1. unclench XVII 142, C XIX 116; pa.t.pl. opened Pr214, APr87, C Pr 164. 2. pr.t.Bsg. fig. opens the floodgates of C1197. [OE unlesan] vnlouke(n), vnloken v. 1. unlock XII110, C XIV 55; open the gates of, open XVIII 189, C XX 194; abs. XVIII 316, C XX 359; imp.pl. XVIII 264. 2. disperse XVIII 258, C XX 266. 3. stretch out, spread C IX 143. [OE unlucan] vnlouelich adj. ill-favoured C X 262; disagreeable, ugly XII 246, C XIV 178. [ME] vnlouely adv. revolting V 356, C VI 414. [fr. prec.] vnmaken v. pr.t. pi. dissolve, annul XV 241. [ME] vnmeble n. real property, fixed or unmovable possession C X 187; pi. Ill 269, C III 422. [ME cp. moeble] vnmesurableadj.immeasurable, indescribably immense XV 71. [ME] vnnepe adv. scarcely, hardly IV 60, XX/XXII 190, A IV 47, C IV 63. [OE unease] unnit adj. idle, useless C V 10. [OE unnyt] \npikedepa.t. 1 sg. picked XIII 367, C VI 266. [ME] vnpynned v. pa.t.Bsg. unbolted, drew the bolt of XI 113, C XII 48; abs. imp.pl. XVIII 264. [ME] vnpossible adj. impossible A XI 229. [ME] vnpunysshed pp. unpunished IV 140, A IV 123, CIV 137. [ME] vnredy adj. irresponsible, ill advised C XII 216. [cp. OE unrtedlice] vnresonable adj. 1. not endowed w. reason XV 461. 2. contrary to reason, illconceived VI 151. [ME] vnri3tfully adv. unlawfully XIX/XXI 245. [ME] vnrihtfole adj. unlawful, ill-gotten C XII 17. [OEunrihtful] vnrobbed adj. unmolested, secure from robbers C XIII 1. [ME] vnrosted pp. unbaked, raw V603. [ME] vnsauorya^'. insipid XV 433. [ME] vnsavourly, vnsauerly adv. disagreeably XIII 43, CXV48. [ME] vnseled pp. uncertified, not stamped w. a seal XIV 295, C XVI 130. [ME]

vnhardy adj. cowardly Pr 180, C Pr 197; not bold enough XIII 123; afraid XVII 111, XVIII 83, CXX85. [ME] vnheled, vnhiled pp. 1. uncovered XIV 233, C XVI 74. 2. poorly roofed XVII 325, C XIX 305. [OE unhelian] vnhende adv. in imprecation ~ go may it go roughly XX/XXII186. [ME] vnholy adj. unregenerate, sinful, lacking devoutness Pr 3, A Pr 3, C Pr 3. [OE unhdlig] vnite(e) n. agreement, concord C V 189; religious concord, unity XX/XXII 227; fig. of the ideal Church XIX/XXI 328, 344; ~ holy chirche XIX/XXI 380, XX/XXII 75. [AF unite] vnioynen v. disperse, scatter XVIII 258, C XX 266. [ME] vnkynde adj. 1. unkind, devoid of natural feelings 1X86, XVIII 398, C XIX 220; inordinate XIII 355. 2. ungenerous I 192, X29, A I 166, C XIX 247, 253. 3. ungrateful V 430, C XVIII 155. 4. lacking natural goodness, wicked V 270, XIV 22, C XVI 275, XIX 258; pers. as n. XVII 276, C XIX 257. 5. ill-disposed XVI42; hostile XVI 149. [OE uncynde] vnkyndely adv. against nature IX 160, A X 183. [cp. OE ungecyndellce] vnkyndenesse n. 1. absence of natural affection or consideration for others XVII 274, 349, C XIX 328; fig. XVII 259, C XIX 226. 2. niggardliness, lack of charitable generosity 1X91, XIII 219, C XIX 234; pers. XIX/XXI 224, A III 274. [ME] vnknytteb v. pr.t.Bsg. unravels, relaxes XVIII 215, C XX 224. [OE uncnyttan] vnknowe adj. unknown, not known of C XVII 162. [ME] vnkonnynge, vnkun(n)ynge adj. stupid C III 244; unintelligent, without perception C XVIII 155; incompetent through ignorance XII 183, CXV16. [ME] vnkoube adj. foreign, alien VII 161, A VIII 139. [QEuncufi vnlawefulliche, vnlaufulliche adv. in contravention of the law C III 289; as a felon, criminally C XI 253. [ME] vnlele adj. as n. the wicked, sinful men C XIII 69. [ME] vnlikyng adj. disagreeable, unpleasant C VII 23. [ME] vnlofsum adj. unattractive C X 262. [ME] 217

vnsemely - vse(n)

Glossary

vnsemely adj. ugly and forbidding C I 55. [ME] vnsesonable adj. unusual for the time of year, unseasonable XV 356. [ME] vnsittynge adj. to the king's discredit because legally or morally inappropriate CIII 208, IV 189. [ME] vnskilful adj. unreasonable, foolish XIII 276; unreasonably argumentative C VI 25. [ME] vnsold/7p. unsold V 206, A V 122, C VI 214. [ME] vnsowen, vnsewe v. pick the stitches of V 65, AV48, CVI6. [ME] vnspere v. unbar, open XVIII 262, C XX 270; pa.t.Ssg. fig. opened, restored sight to XVIII 86, C XX 88. [ME] vnstablea<#. unsteady C X 37. [ME] vnstedefast adj. morally unstable C III 387. [ME] vntempred pp. out of tune 1X105. [ME] vnbende prp. as adj. lacking in nourishment, unwholesome V 177. [ME] vntidy adj. unsuitable, ineffectual C IX 263; inferior, of poor quality, spoiled C III 87; morally harmful, damaging XX/XXII 119. [ME] vntiled pp. uncultivated, untilled XV 459. [ME] vntyled pp. without roofing tiles, roofless XIV 253, C XVI 93. [ME] vntyme n. canonically forbidden time IX 189, AX202. [OEuntima] vntrewe adj. anything but truthful C XI 235; deluded, offered on false grounds C Pr98. [OEuntreowe] vntrewe adv. dishonestly XV 107. [fr. adj.] vnwedded pp. unmarried XX/XXII 112. [ME] vnwise adj. pi. as n. foolish people VIII 94, A IX 84, CX91. [OE unwis] vnwisly adv. foolishly, without discernment or wisdom X 394, A XI 278, CXI 221. [OE unwislice] vnwittily adv. without moral discernment, wrongfully III 106, A III 95, C III 134. [cp. OE unwittigad}.] vnwrast adj. false, untrustworthy C XX 311. [OE unwrdEst} vnwriten pp. not entered, not recorded X 382, A XI 263, C XI 207. [OE unwriten] vp, vppe adv. up Pr 73, 123, VI 107, A

Pr 64, II 41, VIII 74, C II 134, 191; quasi-adj. at its peak IV 72, A IV 58; as high as A VI 79. [OE up, uppe] vp, vpe, ope prep. 1. on penalty of IV 131, A IV 114, C IV 128. 2. on the basis of, by V 414; of belief in C II 77, 1X331. 3. in consideration of XX/XXII 135. 4. of quantity added to, upon C XII 230. 5. of subsistence on C V 44. 6. indie, recipent of action C I 158. [OE uppan, uppe] vpholderes, vphalderes n. pi. supporters V317, AV166, C VI 374; second-hand dealers C XII 218. [ME] vpon, vppon prep. 1. of location on, upon I 156, II 75, A II 57, 130, C I 12, 64, 152; fig. XIII 390; in VIII 65, A IX 56, C X 64; onto, upon IX 156, A X 178, C XX 51; of time on C V 30. 2. indie, recipient of action on I 162, X 106, A V 239, C XIII 77; to XX/XXII 165; indie, direction or object of action at IV 154, 173, A XI 98, CIV 167, XV 120; on C V 177; upon C VI 106. 3. indie, basis of attitude or belief upon VII 188, XII 294, A VIII 166, C II 39; in C XIX 24. 4. indie, direction of emotion C IV 105, VI 320. 5. of a topic about C X 1 1 4 , XV 24; in C VI 66. [OE uppan, uppon] vpon, vppon adv. adju. C VI 44, XVIII 190. [asprec.] vp so doun adv. in phr. torned ~ uprooted XX/XXII 54. [ME] vpwardadv. upwards V 19, AV19, C V 121; ~ to Crist to Christ on high V511, A V 253, C VII156. [OE upweard] vrie n. Uriah (2 Sam. 11. 4-17) A XI 288, C XI 263; gen. X 429. vsage n. habitual practice, custom VII 88. [AF] vse(n), vysen v. 1. observe, comply w. XVII 49, C XIX 47; pr.t.3sg. XV 416; pi. C X 126; pp. C XII 89. 2. pr.t.Ssg. pursue, follow III 240; pi. A XI 183, C IX 103; pp. C XX 339; ply, carry on C IX 155; pr.t.Bsg. engages in A VII 137; pr.subj.sg. Ill 313, C III 466; pp. in accordance w. custom XVIII 379, C XX 421; pr.subj.sg. are given to C XI 109. 3. practise (as a means to an end) V 227; pr.t.pl. X 134, C XVIII 174; pa.t.2sg. V 237, C VI239; 3sg. V223, AV139, C VI 231; pi XX/XXII 66. 4. put to use VI 239, A VII 223; pp. XVI 148; pa.t.

218

vse(n) - vicory

Glossary

155; pi XVIII 154, C XX 157. [AF venim] venymouste, venemouste n. poisonous effect, venomousness, XVIII 157, C XX 160. [ME] venyson, venisoun n. flesh of animals killed by hunting, game Pr 190, C IX 93. [AF venison] ventage see VENDAGE. verilyche adv. in truth A XII 28. [ME] verious n. prepared juice of green grapes or sour fruits used in cooking A V 69. [AF verjous] vernycle n. pilgrim's badge bearing an effigy of Christ V 523, A VI 11, C VII 168. [AF vernide] verray, verrey adj. true XIX/XXI 153; ~ god God who is truth XIX/XXI 419, C VI 438; emph. veritable XVII 294, C XIX 275. [AF verrai, verrei] verred v. pa.t.Bsg. cited in support XV 268. [AF verrer] vers n. quotation from Psalm 22 XII 294; pi from Psalms 96 and 4 XV 82; leonine verses Pr 143. [AF] verset n. line of verse, text XII 189, C XIV 128. [AF] versifie v. compose (Latin) verse XV 374, CXVII 110. [AF versifier] vertu(e) n. 1. efficacy, inherent power XVIII 120, C XX 123; pi I 152, XIV 37, C I 148; of poison XVIII 157, C XX 160. 2. pi divinely inherent powers XVIII 318. 3. moral excellence II 77, XX/XXII 149. 4. a particular form of moral excellence, virtue XX/XXII 23; pi Pr 103, C XII 177; pers. C XV 275; manifestation of moral excellence XI 379, C XIII 200; pi VIII 79, A IX 70, C X 77; cardinale ~ XIX/XXI 411; fig. XIX/XXI 316; pers. XIX/XXI 393. 5. pi skills, special aptitudes XX/XXII 34. 6. pi bodily strength, vitality C XV 8. [AF] vertuous adj. inherently powerful, efficacious Pr 103, C Pr 131; morally most excellent C XVIII 88. [AF] vesture n. clothing I 23, A I 23, C I 23. [AF] vices, vises n. pi. 1. moral defects, faults XIX/XXI 311, 456, A X 76, C VI 20, XII 230. 2. sg. degradation C XVI 373. [AF] vicory, vycary n. 1. parish priest acting for the formal holder of a benefice or living,

3sg. made use of C III 110; pr.t.3sg. take as a medicine 1 149. [AF user} vsher n. assistant teacher XV 378, C XIII 113. [AF usser] vsurer n. one who lends money at interest C VI 306; pi. XI 284, C III 113. [AF usurer] vsurie, vsure n. 1. lending money at interest II 176, A VIII 40, C VI 239; the sin of usury C VI 303; fig. II 87, A l l 63, C II 94. 2. a premium, bonus, added payment VII 83. [AF usurie]

V vayne adj. frivolous, foolish C II 104. [AF vain] vaynglorie n. high opinion of myself C VI 35. [AF vainglorie] vayre see FAIR. valew. valley, vale XVIII 369, C XX 411. [AF] value, valewe n. the equivalent in material worth, anything worth X 48, A XI 34; of ~ valuable C XIII 200. [AF] vanysshed, vanschede v. 1. pa.t.Bsg. disappeared, vanished XII 297, C XIV 217; ellip. infin. make an end of, deprive me of C XV 8. [AF vaniss- (vanir)] vantyng prp. in phr. ~ vp boastfully advertising C VI 35. [AF vanter] variable adj. fig. morally unstable C XVIII 69. [AF] vaunsed pp. preferred to a benefice C III 36. [AF vancier and cp. ME avauncen] vauntward, vawarde, faumewarde n. vanguard XX/XXII 95, C V 58. [AF vauntgarde] veil(l)e n. watchman V 442, A V 214, C VII 56. [AF veille] vele see FELE. vendage, ventage n. vintage XVIII 369, C XX 411. [AF] venge v. refl. avenge V 129, A V 106, C VI 94; pa.t.lsg. C VI 74; abs. take vengeance C XIX 106. [AF venger] vengeaunce, vengeance, veniaunc(e) n. 1. punishment IX 98, C XIV 69; seen as divine retribution III 260, VI 144, A III 239, C P r l l S ; take ~ exact punishment C XX 434. 2. vindictive retaliation, revenge XV 261. [AF] venial adj. of sin not grievous enough to deserve damnation, venial XIV 84. [AF] venym n. poison XV 560, A V 69, C XX 219

vicory - wake

Glossary

vicar XIX/XXI 409. 2. representative on earth C XIV 70. [AF vicarie] victories victory III 334, 352, C III 486. [AF] vigilies n. pi. eves of religious festivals or holy days V409, C VII 25, 1X233. [AF vigile and cp. L vigilia] vii Roman num. seven C VIII 348. viker n. vicar XIX 480. [AF] vile adj. base, contemptible, depraved XIV 80. [AFvil] vileynye, vilanye, vilony n. 1. shameful wickedness C VI 433. 2. infamous deed XVIII 94, C XX 97. [AF vileinie] vyne«. vine XIV 31, C II 28. [AF vine] vynegre n. vinegar A V 69. [AF vinegre] virgilerc. the poet Vergil XII 43. virginite n. the state of being a virgin, virginity XVI 203, C XVIII 88. [AF] virres n. gen. in pers. phr. Beatus ~ by melon, the Psalmist's X 326, XIII 53. [L vir w. added letter r to indie, short vowel and ME gen. inflexion] visage n. face XVIII 337. [AF] viseden v. pa.t. pi. scrutinized, looked carefully at XII 130. [AF riser] vises see VICES. visited v. pa.t.lsg. visited as a work of mercy V 405, C VII 21; pp. C XVI 330. [AF visiter] visitynge ger. pastoral visitation II 177. vitaillers, vitalers n. provision merchants II 61, CII63. [AF] vitailles, vitailes n. foodstuffs, provisions V 436, C VII 49; fig. XIII 216, C XV 185; fig. money to buy food II 181, All 142, C II 194. [AF] voidej) v. abs. pr.t.Ssg. clears out, purges XIV 95. [AF voider] voisrt. voice XV 20, C XX 271. [AF] vokettes, voketes n. practitioners of civil or (Roman) canon law, advocates in the ecclesiastical court II 61, C II 63. [ME avoket] vorgoers see FORGOER. vowe v. pr.t.lsg. solemnly undertake C VI 438. [AF vouer] vowes, voues n. solemn promises to God or a saint C Pr 69, VII 13. [AF vou] vrete see FRETE.

wade v. go the hard road, walk w. difficulty XII 186, C XIV 125; imp.pl. wade V 568, A VI 55, C VII 215. [OEwadan] wafrer, waferer, waffrer n. maker and vendor of wafers V 632, XIII 226, AVI 117, CXV 198. [AF waferer] wafres n. pi. thin crisp cakes w. a patterned surface XIII 240, CXV 198. [AF] wage v. 1. deposit, put down (as security) XVI 267, C XVIII 283. 2. go surety (for), guarantee, pledge oneself IV 97, A IV 84, C IV 93. 3. pp. given assurances, pledges IV 100, A IV 87, C IV 96. 4. recruit and pay C IV 192; enlist in service XX/XXII 269; pr.t.pl. XX/XXII 259; pp. XX/XXII 261. [AF * wager, cp. wage n.] wages n. pi. payment for service, wages XI 292, C XIII 106. [AF] waggep v. 1. pr.t.Ssg. rocks XVI 41, C XVIII 45; pa.t.lsg. shook C XII 18; fig. pa.t.Ssg. XVI 76, C XVIII 108; intr. pa.t.Ssg. shivered, tottered XVIII 61. 2. pa.t.lsg. nudged XIX/XXI 204. [OE wagian] waggyng ger. rocking VIII 30, A IX 28, CX34. wayke adj. lacking in physical strength C V23. [cp.Olveikr] waille v. pr.t.lsg. bewail, lament V 114, A V 94; pa.t.Ssg. XIV 327; intr. pa.t.Ssg. lamented XIV 335; prp. A V 252, C V 108. [? OSc *veila] waiten v.(l) 1. look after, have charge of, care for XIII 392, C VI 208; pa.t.lsg. A VI 34; pp. V 544; ~ profit do good service XIII 237. 2. wait expectantly XIV 117; pr.t.pl. XVI 248, C I 124; are on the alert A VII 148. 3. pr.t.Ssg. watches, observes C IV 52; pa.t.lsg. looked XIII 342, C Pr 16; stared VII 145, A VIII 127. [A? waiter] waiten v.(2) contrive VIII 99, A IX 89. [ON veita] waityng ger. staring II 90; glances C VI 177. wayuen, weue v. in phr. ~ up throw open V 602, A VI 89; pa.t.Ssg. ~ awey cast off XX/XXII 168. [OE *wefan: cp. bewdfan, also OI veifa] wake v. 1. spend wakeful nights (in prayer) XX/XXII 370; pr.t.pl. do without sleep, stay awake XVII 222, C XIX 188; prp. while awake XI 409, C XIII 217. 2.

W waast n. uncultivated land, waste land Pr 163. [AF. wast] 220

wake - ware

Glossary

VI 205; pr.t.Ssg. fig. moves freely IX 56, A X 44; pi VII 97, A VIII 79; prp. Prl9, A P r l 9 , CPr21; pr.t.pl. rove IX 198, A X 212; pa.t.3sg. roamed VI 302, A VII 286, C VIII 324. [OE wandrian] wangteeb n. pi. molars XX/XXII 191. [OE wangte]?] wanhope n. despair of divine grace and forgiveness of sin V 279, XIII 420, C II 107, XIV 118; pers. masc. II 100, XX/ XXII 166, A V 216; Sir ~ C XI 196; fern. XX/XXII 160. [ME or MDu wanhope] wanye v. 1. decrease, diminish VII 56, A VIII 58; pa.t.3sg. XV 3. 2. pr.t.Ssg. declines VIII 38, A IX 34, C X 44. [OE wanian] wanne adj. grey-faced, pallid C VI 419. [OE wann] wantej) v. impers. sg. is lacking XIV 173, C IX 106. [cp. OI vanta] wantynge ger. lack XIV 177. wantoun, wantowen adj. unrestrained, ungoverned A X 57, C VII 300; in address as n. C III 144. [LOE wantogen (teohari)] wantounnesse n. 1. unregulated way of life, undisciplined conduct XII 6, A X 67. 2. unchastity III 125, A III 114, C III 162. [ME] wantowen see WANTOUN. war(e), waer adj. 1. informed XIII 420, XIX 243; aware 118, A III 56, C XI 85. 2. careful IX 187, C X 288; prudent XVII 262; be ~ to avoid C XI 78. 3. warned C III 144, IX 237; on the alert C VI 148; forewarned, on guard Pr 174, A I 40, C XV 76; ~ of warned against II 138, A II 102; on guard against V 609. [OE wer\ warde n. 1. defensive work, fortification XVIII 322, C XX 365. 2. pi. guardianships of under-age heirs Pr94, C Pr 92. 3. pi. wards, administrative divisions of a borough C V 185. [OE weard] warde v. pr.t.lsg. guard, protect C XVIII 42. [OE weardian] wardeyn n. 1. guardian XVI 187. 2. custodian I 55, A I 53, C I 51. [AF wardein] wardemotes n. meetings of the citizens of an urban ward Pr 94, C Pr 92. [ME] ware n. merchandise, goods II 216, A II 187, CVI95. [OEwaru]

pa.t.pl. kept watch XIX/XXI 156. 3. pr.t.Ssg. awakens XIV 236, C XVI 77; pa.t.lsg. V 3, A VIII 127, C IV 196; 3sg. V 361, A V 203, C VI 419; pi. XIV 70; prp. waking up C IX 78. [OE *wacan, w<ecnari\ wakere adj. unsleeping, wakeful C IX 260. [OE wacor] wakynge ger. awakening XV 1. wal, walle n. wall V 220, C XVI 268; pi. I 158, A VI 74, C I 154; wall of the temple of Jerusalem XVIII 61. [OE weall] waletn. bag C X 269. [AF] walewij) v. surges, heaves A V 70; pi. A 1X36. [OE wealwian} walls n. Wales XV 443. walke(n) v. 1. go from place to place XIII 2, C XV 2; pr.t.pl. VIII 14, C IX 110; pp. A XI 258; pr.t.lsg. ~ wib accompany V 148, C VI 124. 2. travel C X I I I 1 , XVII 283; pr.t.Ssg. XIV 211, C XVI 52; prp. VIII 63, A IX 54, C X 61; pp. V 530, A VI 18, C VII 175; pr.t.lsg. go C XVIII 250; depart XI 439, C XIII 245. 3. range, patrol XVII 115; pr.t.3sg. moves about 1X56; fig. XV 228; pr.subj.sg. is abroad in the land VII 79. 4. move as a living person XVI 114, C XX 31; pr.t.Ssg. lives C XVI 342; pi. C IX 173. 5. pr.t.pl. move on legs, walk XIII 18, C XV 20; prp. w. v. of motion cam ~ XVIII 114, C XX 120. 6. pr.t.pl. roll, surge fig. VIII 40, C X 46. [OE wealcan, walcian] walkeres n. fullers C Pr 226. [OE wealcere] walkne see WOLKNE. walled v. pa.t.Ssg. in phr. watlede and walled built walls of wattle and daub for XIX/XXI 326. [OE *weallian\ See WATLEDE.

wallyng n. walls (of a structure) C VII 234. [ME] walnote n. walnut XI 260, C XII 146. [OE wealh hnutu] walschmann. Welshman C VI 308. [ME] walsyngham n. the shrine of Our Lady of Walsingham in Norfolk Pr 54, A V 144, C Pr 52. waltrot, walterot n. in phr. tale of ~ deluded fantasy XVIII 142, C XX 145. [Skeat: cp. trotevale] walwen see WALEWII>. wandre v. move about V 197, AV113, C 221

ware - we

Glossary

ware, waer v. refl. imp.sg. be on guard V 444, AV216, C VII 58; avoid 1X183, C X 284; pr.subj.sg. let him be aware XVIII 276, C XX 298. [OE warian] wareyne n. land sequestered for the breeding of small game Pr 163. [AF warenne] wariev. curse VI 313, A VII 297, C VIII 335. [OE wtergan, *wergari\ waryn, wareyn(e) n. man's name, Warren IV 27, 67, A IV 24, 141, C IV 27, 31. warisshen v. heal XVI 105. [AF warriss(warir)] waring. 1. warm XV 192, A VII 170, C XVI 335; comp. XVIII 410, C XX 453. 2. having the property of heat, hot enough to ignite XVII 235, C XIX 201. 3. comforting, cheering XVII 243, C

wasteln. loaf of white bread V 285, C VI 341. [AF] wasten, waston v. 1. spend freely C XIX 250; squander by prodigal expenditure XIX/XXI 353. 2. pr.t.pl. consume to no good purpose VI 133, C X 297; pa.t.Ssg. A V 25; intr. pr.t.pl. are worthless consumers, 'idle mouths' VI 162; ravage 1X198, A X 212. [AF waster] wastyng ger. w. subj. gen. his ~ what he consumes V25. wastour n. unproductive member of society, wastrel XIX/XXI 435; pi. Pr 22, A VII 122, C V 126; sg. pers. V 24, VI 152, A VII 150, C VIII 164. 2. person of no account XX/XXII 145; pi. IX 122. 3. pi. ravagers, pillagers VI 28, A VII 148, C VIII 27. [AF wastur] water, watre n. 1. the substance water V 173, VII 53, A VIII 55, C V 148; the element water 1X4, A X 4, C XX 251. 2. body of water, lake VIII 29, A IX 43, C XX 253; pi. C XIII 167. 3. surge, movement of water VIII 30, A IX 31, C X 44; pi. VIII 40, A IX 36; ripples Pr 9, A Pr 9; stream V 568, A VI 55, C VII 215. 4. by melon, floods VI 323, A VII 304, C VIII 343. 5. tears V61, A V 214, C VI 326. 6. pi. specimens of urine II 227, A II 186, C II 237. [OE water} watlede, wateled v. pa.t.Ssg. made panels of stakes and woven withies XIX/XXI 326. [cp. OE watul] See WALLED. watrede, watride pa.t.pl. were filled w. tears VI 175, A VII 160, C VIII 172. [OE weeterian] watry adj. heavy, full of moisture XVIII 410, C XX 453. [OEwatterig] watte, watekyn n. man's nickname (for Walter) V 30, AV159, C VI 70. waxen see WEXE. wawes n. waves, billows VIII 39, A IX 35, CX45.[OEwdga(pLofweg)] we pron. 1 pi. we 1. as subj. of v. Pr 152,

XIX 209. [OEwearm] warne v. admonish II 204, A II 165; pa.t.3sg. VI 165, A VII 150, C VIII 162; cautioned V 30, A V 30, C V 132; advise as a caution, notify in warning VI 131, A II 170, C VIII 345; pr.t.lsg. Pr 208, C VIII 341; pa.tJsg. II 211; pi. XV 363; pp. Ill 275, C III 428; pa.t.pl. -bifore predicted XV 360, C XVII 98; inform XVIII 301; pr.t.3sg. XV 483. [OE warnian] warner, warnare n. gamekeeper of a warren V 308, C VI 363. [ME] warnynge ger. notification, summons C VIII 90. [cp. OE warnung] warpen v. speak, utter A IV 142; pa.t.3sg. V86, A X 33. [OEweorpan] warroke, warrokye v. fasten the saddlegirth IV 21, A IV 19, C I V 21. [? AF *guaroker\ wasshen, wasche v. wash, launder Jig. XIV 18, XV 192; pp. XIII 314, C IX 269; pp. soaked XV 454; abs. do the washing C IX 80; pa.t.lsg. bathed, washed XVI 228, C XVIII 243; 3sg. XVII 72; pi. II 223, A II 182; fig. pa.t.3sg. XI 433; imp.pl. V 568, A VI 55, C VII 215; ellip. of hands before a meal imp.sg. XIII 32; pr.t.3sg. ~ and wypeth C IX 251; pa.t.pl. XIII 28, C

151, A II 116, III 17, CPrl73, 147; w. n.inapp. Pr 198, A VII 8, CPr216; w. echone 1 5 1 , A I 49, C IX 236. 2. w. general sense III 56, 217, A VIII 181, C III 104, V 119; in address w. injunction Prl88, A P r l O S , C XII 120; for ace. er ~ XVIII 166, CXX 169. 2. ace. dat. 1. direct obj. us Pr 153, A II 3, C Pr 174; w. n. in app. XII 273, C XIV 195; ~ two XIII 107; refl. obj. ourselves VI 158,

XV 37; of the Deluge pp. ~ awey IX 138, A X 169, C X 226. [OE wtescan, wascari] waste adj. 1. uncultivated C IX 226. 2. empty, idle, vain XIX/XXI 286. [AF wast]

222

we - wel

Glossary

95. [ME] wedynge ger. weeding VI 189, C VIII 186. [cp. OE weodung] wedlok, wedlak n. 1. matrimony, the married state 1X116, A X 133, CX291. 2. a marriage XVI 216; pi. 1X157. [OE wedldc] weed n. 1. insignificant plant A X 126. 2. pi. weeds VI 111, A VII 103, C XII 224. [OEwe'od] weede n. clothing XX/XXII 211; pi. clothes XV 226, C XIII 189; costume, garb XI 236; by synec. immodesty of dress C II 98, VI 177. [OE w<ed(e)] weer, wer n. 1. state of distress and anxiety XI 116, C XII 51. 2. quandary, perplexed state of mind XVI 3. [cp. MDu

XIV 82, A VII 145, C VIII 155; emph. vs selue VII 132; our community V 266; refl. dat.: for ourselves C XI 219; obj. of prep. Pr 192, A I 141, C VI 184; indir. obj. V 533, VI 127, A VII 119, VIII 109, C VIII 352, IX 349; dat. of advantage or concern for, to us III 48, VI 2, A III 47, C V 88, XI 219; w. impers. v. Pr 155, VI 157, A VII 120, C Pr 177, VIII 134. 3. gen. as poss. adj. our(e) our Pr 26, A I 142, C Pr 28; w. distr. sing. VI 256, A VIII 183, C III 396. [OE we, us, ure] web, webbe n. the whole piece of cloth that comes from a loom, bolt V 112, A V 92. [OE] webbe n. weaver C VI 221; pi. C IX 205. [OE webba, webbe} webbesteres, websteris n. pi. weavers C Pr 226; wollen ~ weavers of woollen cloth Pr220, A Pr 99. [OE webbestre] wed, wedde n. 1. pledge by a guarantor XVI 262, C XVIII 283. 2. property engaged or mortgaged as security for a loan V 241, C V 73; property or object attached to ensure payment of a fine C XIII 44. 3. stake in a wager III 202, A III 189, C XX 30. [OE wed(d)] wedde(n) v. 1. pr.t.lsg. wager, bet IV 146, A IV 129, C IV 143. 2. take in marriage, marry III 118, A IV 10, C II 127; pr.t.lsg. Ill 121, A III 110, C III 158; pi. VII 91, A VIII 73, C IX 168; pa.t.3sg. fig. XX/XXII 160; pp. X 154, A XI 106, C VII 300; fig. pr.t.Ssg. pledges himself to, espouses XIV 272, C XVI 112; intr. get married, marry C III 19; abs. imp.sg. 1X183, C X 284. 3. pp. married II 43, A X 131, C II 126; joined in wedlock II 153, A II 117, C X I 96; promised, betrothed XI 249, C XII 135. [OE weddian] weddynge ger. match, marriage II 118, A II 81, C II 121. [cp. OE weddung] weden, wedy v. keep free of weeds fig. XVI 17; abs. weed C VIII 66. [OE weodian] weder, wedore n. 1. weather XVIII 410, C VI 113, XX 453; pi. weather conditions XV 356; periods of weather VI 325, A VII 306, C VIII 346; storms XV 363, 483, C XII 190. [OE] wederwise, wedurwyse adj. skilled in forecasting the weather XV 357, C XVII

werre} wtetadj. damp, moist XIV 41. [OE wtet] weet 77. rainy weather V 530, A VI 18, C VII 175. [OE wtet] weetshoed, watschoed pp. adv. w. leaking footgear, ill-shod XIV 161, XVIII 1, C XVI 14, XX 1. [ME] wehee, wehe n. in phr. make ~ prance and neigh IV 23, A IV 21; fig. a wild cry VII 92, A VIII 74. [echoic] wey,way«. 1. road V I I , XX 187, A XI 112, C I V 53, VII 307; pi. VII 27, A VIII 29, C IX 31; fig. C XIII 30. 2. path, way Pr 166, XVII 117, A XII 64, C Pr 183, XX 298; route (to a destination) V513, A VI 47, C I 2 0 0 , VIII 4; manner, means XIII 366, C I 138; pi. XII 69; in hire ~ in their fashion Pr 48, APr48, CPr49. 3. course of action III 17, A III 17, CIII 18. [OEweg] weye n. three hundredweight (336 pounds) V92. [OEwage] weye, waye, wei3e v. weigh V 202, A V 143, C VI 210; trans. pa.t.3sg. V 216, A V 132, C VI 224; pp. C IX 272; test the weight of V 240, C VI 242; pp. fig. judged I 178, A I 152, C I 174. [OE

wegari] weyling see WAILLE. weyues, wayues n. pi. in phr. ~ and streyves property found ownerless by legal definition Pr 94, C Pr 92. [ AF waif\ weke, wyke n. wick XVII 207, C XIX 175. [OEweoce] wel adj. 1. in a fortunate state, happy and prosperous VI 277, A VII 261, C VIII

223

wel - wende(n)

Glossary

298; of the realm in good order C IV 183. 2. in favour III 153, A III 142, C III 191. 3. commendable III 65, A III 61, CIII 69, XV 301. [fr. adv.] wel adv. 1. w. contextual senses mod. v. righteously, virtuously I 130, VII 116(1), A III 220, X 75, 88, C I 132, IX 322; charitably XIV 145; justly X 387, A V 239, C XI 213; truthfully IV 181; fittingly XII 56, XX/XXII 322, C XII 235; devoutly V 579, XI 265, A VI 66, C VII 240; carefully, attentively Pr 208, VIII 52, XIV 82, A XI 120, C IV 52, IX 147; thoroughly IV 32, V 568, A VI 55, C IV 32, XV 63; effectively III 41, IV 21, A III 40, X20, C X 1 4 7 , XIII 233; for what it was XII 153; skilfully 1X40, XIII 178, C XVI 323, XX 184; expertly XX/XXII 231, 304; clearly 151, II 189, A II 150, III 204, C IV 154, X 146(2); beyond doubt Pr 72, II 129, IV 80, A III 167, 236, VII 122, C Pr 100, II 145, III 313; w. good reason XII 187, XIX/XXI 62, C XIV 126; satisfactorily IV 100, XI 195, A IV 87, C VIII 207, XVII 122; fully V 550, XV 187, A VI 37, C VII 194; creditably XIII 306, XIV 150, C X 188; favourably V 616, VII 116(2), A VI 102, C VII 268; courteously X 174, A XI 126, C XI 114; easily VI 46, XI 402, XII 38, XIX/XXI 162, C XIX 244; readily VIII 51, XIV 296, C VI 108, VIII 115; certainly IV 71; rightly, properly XI 158, C XII 90; to advantage, prosperously V 261, C VI 254; comfortably XX/XXII 235, C V S ; in happiness and safety XIII 180; successfully C XII 192; correctly C XVIII 244; very much I 43, III 54, A I 41, C III 58; ~ worbe success to XIX/XXI 430; good luck to C XIII 1. 2. mod. adj. truly, very, indeed III 86, A III 151, C III 51, 200; w. comp. much V 142, XI 267, C Pr 117, XII 152; w. adj. as n. C III 142; w. num. fully, a good V 179, XVII 75, C VI 161. 3. mod. adv. very Pr 26, A l l 56, C IV 53; w. comp. much, a good deal, considerably V 192, A VII 138, C Pr 122; ~ awey far and away, by far XII 265, A XI 218; ~ri 3 t straight V 555, A VI 42, CVII 199. [OEwel] welawo, welowo, welaway, weylawey excl. as n. distress, sorrow XIV 236, C XVI 77; pers. XVIII 229, C XX 238.

[OE wei la wa, wei la wet]

welche, walch, wals(s)he adj. as n. 1. woollen cloth made in Wales V 197, A V 113, C VI 205. 2. Welshman V 316, C VI 373. [OE welisc, welsc] welcome adj. received w. pleasure, welcome as a visitor II 220, A II 194, C V 50; as ellip. greeting XIII 32, A XII 62. [OE wilcuma infl. by wel adv.] welcome v. greet w. expression of pleasure XVIII 176, C IX 135; pr.t.pl. XIII 436, C VII 96; pa.t.Ssg. C XV 36; imp.sg. XIX/XXI 210; pr.t.Ssg. makes welcome XV 21, C XVI 172; pa.t.Ssg. XIII 27, C XV 30. [OE wilcumian infl. by wel adv.] welden v. control XI 72, C XII 20; pr.t.pl. X24; pr.t.Ssg. possesses X 86, CXI 10; pi. X 29; pr.t.Ssg. has XX/XXII 12. [OE wealdan] wele n. 1. well-being, happiness, prosperity XI63, XVIII 229, A XI 115, C XII 209; heavenly happiness C XI 271. 2. enjoyment, advantage, profit IX 167, XIX/ XXI 285, A X 188. 3. wealth, possessions XX/XXII 38, C XII 236. [OE wela] welfare n. luxurious living XIX/XXI 353. [ME] welhope n. a state of confidence in divine benevolence XIII 453, CVII 113. [ME? nonce-word: cp wanhope] welle n. source XIV 198, 310, C XVI 144; hei3e ~ fountainhead I 164, C I 160. [OEwelle] wellecresses n. watercress C VI 292. [ME willecterse] wellede, walled v. pa.t.Ssg. sprang, rose XIX/XXI 377. [OEwellan] welbe n. 1. well-being, happiness C Pr 10; well-being XIX/XXI 450. 2. riches, possessions, wealth I 55, A VIII 169, C IX 116; pi. valuable possessions X 86. 3. richness, abundance IV 163, A IV 139, CIV 158. [ME] wem«. defilement XVIII 131, C XX 134. [OE wemm] wenche n. 1. girl IX 166, A X 187; young woman XI 59, C XII 11, XVIII 133. 2. maidservant V 357, AV199, C VI 415. 3. pi. concubines Pr 54, A Pr 51, CPr52. [cp. OEwencel] wende(n) v. 1. turn VI 63, C VIII 62; pa.t.pl. VI 189, C VIII 186; turn aside XX/XXII 284; refl. pa.t.lsg. Pr 7, A Pr 224

wende(n) - werche(n)

Glossary

wenes n. expectations, fantasies II 91. [OE wen] wenyngeger. surmise XX/XXII 263. wente see WENE. wentes n. tricks, dodges C VI 263. [fr. v.] wepe(n) v. weep, shed tears, cry XIII 266; pr.t.lsg. VI14, A V 9 4 ; 3sg. 1180, A I 154, C XVI 77; pa.t.lsg. XI 4, C XVIII 288; 3sg. II 239, A II 198; fig. C XVIII 108; pi. VII 38, A VIII 42, CIX41; as expr. of contrition V 187, XX/XXII 369; pa.t.3sg. XIV 335, A V 234, C XX 94; prp. XV 193, A V 252, C V 108; pleonastic ~ water shed, let fall tears V 61, A V 4 4 , C V I 2 ; pa.tJsg. V 472, A V 246, C XVIII 146; pr.subj.pl. ~ teris XIII 45, C XV 50; pa.t.3sg. ~ on appealed in tears to AIV 60. [OE wepari] wepene, wepne n. weapon III 306, C XIV 50; fig. XX/XXII 124; pi. XIX/XXI 218, 226; in sexual sense 1X185, C X 286. [OE wtepen, w
7. 2. change, turn XVIII 204, C XX 209; ~ out of kynde turn into a monstrosity C II 250; ~ to offset, be set against XVIII 340, C XX 388; pp. so is ~ has taken such a course III 282, C III 435. 3. pr.t.pl. go about Pr 162, C X 199; pa.t.lsg. Pr 4, VIII 6, A IX 53, C X 6; 3sg. XIX/XXI 332; pa.t.pl moved about (in their work) XV 361. 4. depart, leave VI 278, A VII 262, C VIII 300; pr.t.2sg. C VIII 219; pa.t.Ssg. C XV 149; pr.subj.sg. C VIII 208; imp.sg. VI 277, A VII 261, C VIII 298; pp. VI 204, A VII 190, C VIII 210. 5. set out, make the journey V 560, A VI 47, VII 58, C VIII 57, pr.t.lsg. VI 85, A XI 113, C VIII 94; pa.subj.pl. XV 495; paA.pl were travelling XVI 273, C XVIII 289. 6. pa.t.Ssg. walked XVIII 242, C XX 253; pa.t.lsg. made (my) way VIII 63, A IX 54, C X 6 1 ; pi. ~ wip escorted XII 119. 7. travel, journey V 228, A V 1 4 4 , C VIII 4; pr.t.lsg. C IV 53; pi. C III 13; pa.t.lsg. V 203, A V 1 1 9 , C VI 211; 3sg. XVII 101; pi. Pr 54, XIII 220, A Pr 51, C XIX 48; trans. ~ ... wey VI 58, A VII 53, C XIII 34; pa.t.lsg. X 225, A XI 167, C XI 134; 3sg. C XIX 92; pi. XVI 273, C XV 184; pr.subj.pl. C XIII 52; pa.subj.pl. C XVII 190. 8. go I 132, XV 182, XVIII 176, A I 117, II 125, C VI 352, VII 205; paA.lsg. went XVIII 1, A V 1 1 9 , C VI 211; 3sg. XV 339, A II 170, C II 221, VIII 277; pi. IV 76, V 1, A IV 62, XI 68, C Pr 160, 183; imp.sg. Ill 266, XX/XXII 204, A III 246; prp. XVIII 126, C XX 129. [OE wendan] wene v. 1. believe, suppose III 302, C VI 24; pr.t.lsg. X 405, C XI 236; 3sg. C XVI 306; pi. XIII 307, C VI 55; pa.t.lsg. V235, A XI 219; 2sg. Ill 192, A III 179; pr.subj.sg. C XVI 132; pa.subj.pl. XIII 279, C VI 41; imp.sg. XVIII 190, CXX 195; pr.t.lsg. consider C XIV 166; 3sg. XX/XXII 32; pr.t.lsg. as I ~ in my opinion III 227, A IX 60, C 1X70. 2. pr.t.lsg. expect, hope V 468, A V 2 4 2 , C VI 322; 3sg. VI 246, A VII 230, C VIII 257; pi. C XIV 195; paA. 3sg. XIII 406; pr.t.3sg. ~ wel expects confidently VI 246, C VIII 257; intr. pr.t.pl. ~ and trowen live in confident expectation XV 478. [OE wenan] 225

werche(n) - wexe(n)

Glossary

pa.t.Bsg. XVI 120, C IX 252; pr.t.Bsg. functions C X 239; pi. C XVI 180. 9. have to do (w.) X 214, A XI 157; pat. 3sg. XV 596, C XVII 304; pr.t.pl. perform (sexually) VII 92; pr.subj.sg. A X 208; imp.pl 1X187, C X 288. 10. intr. labour, work C V 23; work (at some implied activity) 126, VI 20, A VII 190, C V 6 5 , VIII 18; pr.t.pl VI 256, A VII 240, C I 125; pa.t.3sg. VI 113, C IX 252; pi VI 109, A VII 101, C VIII 116; pr.subj.sg. VIII 56; pa.subj.sg. VI 247, A VII 231; imp.sg. VI 78, A X 20, C VIII 80; prp. Pr 19, A Pr 19; abs. pp. done a job XIV 137; work (not be idle) Pr37, V33, A VII 152, 197, C V 126. 11. intr. act, behave VI 56, VII 36, A 1X98, XI 276, C VIII 55, XI 219; pr.t. 2sg. A X 95; 3sg. IV 70, A IV 56, C XIX 19; pi I 130, III 233, A II 156; pa.t.lsg. C VI 100; 2sg. Ill 107, A III 96, CIII 138; 3sg. XIII 453, C I 26; pi X 433, A XI 292, C XX 432; pr.subj.sg. Ill 7, A X 75, C XIII 85; pa.subj.sg. X 394, A XI 278; pi 113, A VI 52, CXI 221; imp.sg. 1147, A I 135, C VIII 90; pi II 134, A X 200, C XI 250; pp. Ill 106, A III 95, C I 132. [OE wyrcan, wercan, weorcan, wrohte] werchynge ger. in phr. in ~ under construction III 48, A III 47. were, werien v. wear III 295, XIV 332, C XIX 239; pa.t.3sg. A II 12; pp. ~ out corrupted to the point of destruction C V 81. [OEwerian] wery adj. tired, weary Pr 7, XV 186, A Pr 7, CXX4. [OEwerig] werynesse n. extreme fatigue C Pr 7. [OE werigness] werktt. 1. act, deed IV 146, 1X52, A VII 211, XI 269, C IV 143, VI 181; pi actions I 89, X 402, A II 89, C IV 71; pi. behaviour, way of life, conduct Pr 3, I 176, A Pr 3, C VI 184, XVI 342; goddes/his ~ conduct pleasing to God X 68, A XI 54, CX287; activity XV 186, A X 65; pi VII 204, C IX 350. 2. work XII 27, XIV 138, A VII 137, C VIII 197; pi jobs, kinds of labour C V 54. 3. workmanship Pr 162, C P r l S l ; creation XI 139, C XII 74. 4. literary work A XII 103; pi writings, achievement as writers X 392, A XI 272, 275, 276, 277, C XI 216, 219, 220. [OE were,

weorc] werkman, werkeman n. 1. manual labourer VI 313, A II 87, CV25; pi VI 109, A VII 302, C VIII 116; servants VI 51, 132, A VII 124. 2. craftsman X 407, C XI 238; pi XVII 221, C IX 205. [OE weorcmann] werkmanship, werkmanschupe n. 1. performance of pastoral duties X 294; function, effective use XVII 177, C XIX 142. 2. performance II 92, C II 99. 3. craftsmanship 1X46. [ME] wernardes n. pi deceivers, cheats II 129, AII 93, C II145. [AF wernard] wernep v. pr.t.Bsg. turns away, refuses (a request) XX/XXII 12. [OE wernan] werre n. a state of war, war, warfare XI 332, C III 206; warfare, armed combat XX/XXII 163; at- at variance XIV 223, C XVI 64; wage to ~ enlist XX/XXII 259. [AF] werre v. wage war C XVII 234. [fr. n.] wesches n. desires, wishes C VI 66. [OE wyse] west adj. west XVIII 113, C XX 116. [OE] westmynster n. the City of Westminster as the seat of royal government II 161, A III 12, C III 13; ~ lawe common law C X 239; the sanctuary of Westminster Abbey precincts XX/XXII 285. westward adv. toward the west XVI 169, C Pr 16. [OE westeweard] wete adv. wet, under a leaking roof XVII 328, C XIX 308. [OE wet] wete see WTTEN v.(l). wetheres n. castrated male sheep C IX 268. [OEwejfer] weue v. pr.t.lsg. make wattle fencing V 548. [OEwefan] weueres n. weavers Pr 220, A Pr 99. [ME] weuyng ger. weaving XV 452. [cp. OE wefung] wex, wexe n. wax XVII 207, C Pr 99. [OE weax] wexed pp. polished, rubbed down V 344, A V 192, C VI402. [ME fr. n.] wexe(n)v. 1. grow XV 102, XIX/XXI 97, C II 29; fig. C XVII 48; pr.t.Bsg. A X 126, C XII 232; pi C XII 229. 2. increase VII 56, XIX/XXI 310, A VIII 58; pr.t. Bsg. XI 265, A V 70, X 61; pi XX/ XXII 269; pa.t.Bsg. XV 3; pp. X 76; 226

wexe(n) - wherfore

Glossary

A VIII 118, C VIII 148(1). [OE hwet, hwat] whateuere pron. indef. whatever V 483, C VII 125. [ME] whatso pron. indef. whatever IV 155, X 133, A X 96, C XIV 65. [OE hwet swa\ whatsoeuere pron. indef. whatever X 394. [ME] wheiber pron. indef. whichever A XII 37; inter, which of the two XIV 248, XVI 96, C XVI 88. [OEhwteber] wheiber, wheper, wheder, wher(e) conj. 1. inter, whether: of alternatives VIII 130, X 439, C XII 52, XIV 193; w. unexpr. alternative V 277, XV 197, XVIII 298, C II 152, IX 241; w. more than two options Pr 171, XIX/XXI 350; intro. dir. q. XIV 102, XV 197, XVII 127, C XV 277, XVII 150. 2. corr. possibilities whether XII 74, 291, C I 138, XVI 98. [fr. prec.] when adv. w. redundant prep, of ~ whence, from what place A XII 80. [OE hwanon] whennes, whenis adv. whence, from what place: w. redundant prep, fro/fram ~ V 525, AVI 13, C VII 170; of- XVI 175, C XVIII 183. [fr. prec.] wher see WHEIMR. wherby, whereby adv. 1. inter, by what means X 442. 2. rel. in accordance w. which XIV 40; by means of which C III 250; because of which C V 34; ellip. that by means of which XV 314, C XII 186. [ME] where, wher adv. 1. inter, where V 362, XIV 98, XV 151, C IX 243, 266. 2. rel. in what place, where Pr 12, I 139, A Pr 12. [OEhwer] where, wher conj. 1. intro. cl. in what place, where III 176, V 554, A VI 21, IX 7, C III 222, VII 198; to what place, where Pr 166, V 642, C III 177, XV 149; ellip. to the place where V 533, A VI 21, C XI 102; wherever Pr 163, XVIII 276, A III 128, C VI 99; to what(ever) person III 18, 182, A III 169, C III 19; -forb onward XVII 117. 3. as exemplary model lo/loke ~ see how II 5, C IX 241. [fr.prec.] whereso adv. wherever, in whatever circumstances C VI 27. [EME] wherfore, wherefore adv. 1. inter, why, for what reason XI 85, C XII 35; emph. ~ and why C XIII 185. 2. rel. in the

pr.t.Ssg. of the tide flows VIII 38, A IX 34, C X 44. 3. pr.t.3sg. fig. is to be found X 12, A XI 12; pr.t.pl. XV 460; of trees stood XVI 56. 4. pr.t.Bsg. originates, comes into being C I 138, XIV 32; pa.t.Ssg. XIV 77, A II 20; pi. XIV 61, C XV 260; pr.subj.sg. C XIV 26, XVI 229. 5. become, grow III 302, C III 455, X 196; pr.t.lsg. C VI 124; 3sg. XIII 417, C VII 77; pa.t.lsg. XVIII 4, C XX 4; 3sg. Ill 331, C VI 422; pr. subj.sg. C XVIII 42; pp. fig. A III 273; be fulfilled and become C X 196; pa.t. 3sg. XVI 215; ~ into C III 212; in a weer gan ~ became increasingly distressed XI 116, C XII 51; pa.t.3sg. ~ in wanhope fell into deeper despair V 279. [OE weaxan] wham see WHO. whan, whanne, when, whenne conj. 1. (on the occasion, at the moment) when II 115, III 71, A I 152, V68, C I 104, VI 300. 2. (at a/the time) when Pr 1, 126, A VIII 116, 150, C I 125, V 1. 3. whenever, when Pr 149, II 235, A VIII 37, 122, C III 171, IV 52. 4. after, once, when I 155, 191, A III 163, IV 134, C I I 6 9 , III 26. 4. if, when 185, V 216, X 301, A I 83, V 132, C V 148, XVII 161. [OE hwanne, hwenne] whanne adv. inter, as n. sip ~ since what time XX/XXII 187. [cf. prec.] what adj. 1. inter, what, which III 6, IV 10, A III 6, C IV 53, XIII 89; which (if any) XV 491; how much XIII 77, C Pr 105, 1X89; what kind of 171, 139, A VII 241, 1X5, C I 1 3 8 , X 126. 2. indef. whatever II 32, III 324, C II 34, VI 247. [fr. fol.] Vfhatpron. 1. inter, what Pr 209, III 117, A III 106, V 245, C Pr 220, I 1; what kind of (person, thing), who I 74, VIII 72, X 151, A I 182, II 15, C I 40, XIII 218; how much XIII 29, XV 365, C VI 47, 57. 2. indef. whatever Pr 207, III 266, A V 24, VI 33, 80, C VIII 88, XIII 175; however much XVII 80. 3. compound rel that which III 74, V 294, A II 46, C VIII 148(2), IX 28. [OE hwet, hwat] what adv. inter, why XVII 33, C XIX 34; as corr. conj. to some extent XIII 316; in phr. ~ for/thorw in consequence of XVIII 110, C XVII 86, XX 113; as modal excl. V 392, VII 136, XVIII 188, 227

wherfore - who

Glossary whiderout, whoderout adv. the direction of the place where XVI 12, C VII 178. [ME] whiderward, whoderward adv. to what place, where V 299, A V 149, C VI 354. [ME] while n. interval, period (of time), while: w. prep, in adv. phr. V 341, XI 381, A V 189, C VI 399; in a ~ immediately III 331; before long XIX/XXI 354, C Pr 16; in adv. use IV 46, XVII 49, C IV 44; a ~ a moment IV 16, A IV 16, C IV 16; al be ~ as long as A VII 134; any ~ for any length of time IV 177, XIII 331, C III 205, V25; ouber- from time to time Pr 164; on occasion V 178; at other times XIX/XXI 103; half the time XIX/XXI 300; be ~ in the meanwhile, for the time being VI 8, XVIII 165, A VII 8, C XX 168. [OEhwil] while adv. formerly, at one time C XVII 100; ~ er a while ago C X 289. [OE hwile] whil(e) conj. during the time, as long as, while I 16, A II 71, C Pr 147; be ~ during the time that, while Pr 173, A VII 211, CIII 325. [OE hwile] whiles n. in adv. use be ~ meanwhile C VIII 6. [ME] whiles conj. during the time that, while IX 185, A I 16, C VIII 341; be ~ XV 23, C 116; as long as, while VIII 87, A VII 37, CIV 132, XIII 225; be- C III 57. [ME] whilom, whilum, whilen adv. once upon a time XV 360, C IX 197; formerly, previously C IX 205. [OE hwilum] whistlen v. pr.t.pl whistle XV 475. [OE hwistlian] whistlere n. one who whistles XV 483. [OE hwistlere] whistlyng ger. whistling XV 464, 474, 479, 480. [cp. OE hwistlung] whit adj. white XV 409, C IX 255; of wine Pr 229, A Pr 107, C Pr 233; ei3en glaring eyes V 135, C VI 103; as n. the colour white X 442. [OE hwit] whiten v. 1. whitewash, limewash III 61. 2. pr.subj.pl. become white, are bleached C XVI 335. [OEhwitan] whitlymed, ywhitlymed pp. whitewashed, limewashed XV 113, C XVI 268. [ME] who, ho pron. 1. inter.: in dir. q. who III 235, A VIII 119, C VI 420; in subord. cl. who X443, C XII 213; whom 145,

furtherance of which C I 17; to what end XIV 40, C XV 239; on which account, for which reason XV 385, XVI 134; ~ and why because of which XIX/XXI 84. [ME] wherefore conj. why XI 434, C XIII 240; therefore XV 348. [ME] wherof, whareof adv. 1. inter, in what respect, to what end XI 91, C XVI 173; from what source XII 222. 2. rel. from which III 56, XI 265, C III 60; from what origin XV 14; from what source XIV 40, C XV 239. [ME] wheron, whereon adv. rel. on which XVII 12, CXIX 13. [ME] wherso pron. whichever (to pardon or damn eternally) XVIII 374. [ME whefrer red. + so] wherwib, wherewith adv. rel. by means of which C XV 239; quasi-n. in ellip. use V462, 1X71, AV234, C VI 316. [ME] whete«. wheat III 40, A III 39, C III 42; field of wheat C XIII43; young shoots of wheat VI 32, A VII 34; wheaten flour VI 304, A VII 288, C VIII 326. [OE hwtete] why adv. 1. inter, for what reason, why IX 89, A XI 66, C I 112. 2. rel. the grounds on which, (the reason) why III 183, A III 170, CXV93. 3. quasi-conj. the reason why III 260, A XI 75, C X 245. 4. as n. the reason why XI 232, XV 542, C XVII 204; the ~ C XVIII 146; pi. reasons, causes X 127, A XI 80, CXIV 156. [OEhwi] which adj. 1. inter, what kind of IV 26, C XI 24; emph. ~ a VII 152, A VIII 151, CIV 26. 2. rel. which II 108, All 72, C III 197; the ~ XII 86, C XV 119. [OE hwilc] which, wiche, wheche pron. 1. inter. which (one) XII 164, XVII 26, C XIV 108; pi. which ones, who II 45, VI 132, A II 27; what, of what nature X 442; pi. XIII 409, C VII 69. 2. rel. which X 271, XI 348, A X 122, C III 366; Thewhich XI 319, CIII 498, VI 243, XVI 27; who X 244, C III 93; whom XVI 232; ellip. the ones whom C XX 449; be ~ ben here whose ... are C IX 98. [OE hwilc] whider, wheder, whoder adv. to what place XV 13, A XII 80, C XVIII 180. [OE hwider] 228

who - wikked

Glossary

state of widowhood XVI 203, C XVIII 87; fig. XVI 76, C XVIII 108. [ME] wye, wy, wey(e) n. 1. defending (demon) warrior XVIII 322, C XX 365. 2. man, husband 1X115, X 109, A XI 67, C XIII 14; man, person V513, XI 346, C VII 158, XVIII 278; pi. people (of either sex) XII 273, C XIV 195; the devil I 63, A I 61. 3. ofapers. Ill 106, XI 383, XII 295, XIII 32, A VI 21, C VI 205. [OE wiga] wif«. 1. woman III 121, A VI 89, C XVII 39; pi. V561, A VII 10; gen.pl. V 29, A V 29, C V 131. 2. married woman C III 421; pi. Ill 125, A VIII 32, C VI 143. 3. wife II 18, A II 117, C III 148; pi. V573, A X 167, C X 288. [OE unf\ wight, wyghte, wiht(e), wy3th n. 1. human being, creature VIII 53, A X 7 1 ; of a pers. XI 411, XVIII 230, C I 59, XX 239. 2. person Pr 208, VIII 4, A VII 231, C IX 116; man V I 1 7 , A V 96. 3. inphr. a litel ~ lightly C III 131. [OE wiht; in 3. with sense of OE wihtj 'weight'] wi3t, wyht adj. 1. powerful XIII 173, C XV 171. 2. vigorous, energetic 1X21, A X 20, C X 147. [cp. OI vigt] wi3tes, wihtus n. pi. weights XIV 295, C XVI 130. [OE wht] wightly, whitliche adv. vigorously, actively VI 20, A VIII 29, C VIII 18; swiftly II 211, All 170; briskly X 225, A XI 167; immediately XVI 275, C XVIII 291. [fr. adj.] wightnesse, whitnesse n. in phr. ~ of handes prowess in battle XIX/XXI 246. [ME] wiket n. small gate or door V 602, A VI 89. [AF] wikke, wycke adj. in a state of sin C VII 117; dishonest, fraudulent V 227; as n. evil C XIV 164, 166; evil (persons) XIX/XXI 440; as adv. badly A XII 37, C XVI 177. [? fr. OE wicca, wicce] wikked adj. 1. evil, sinful, iniquitous 131, V 264, A VI 95, C Pr 18, I 130; comp. C XIX 104; bad, discreditable XIII 323, C VI 162; disposed to sin XVII 334, C XIV 25; ~ wille morally wrong disposition 1X209, A X 218; malice V 428, C VII 41; fig. XIII 320; criminal IV 68, A IV 54, C X 237; lawless IV 62, A VII 30, C IV 65; wrong in principle

A I 47, C XVII 90; gen. as poss. adj. whose II 18, C I 46. 2. rel. intro. subord. cl. who III 68, VII 78, A III 59, C I X 7 0 , X I 1 0 ; whom V 524, XV 319, A VI 12, C XVIII 228; within subord. cl. V 289, XI 347. 3. indef. he who, whoever I 88, III 57, C VII 278, VIII 155; w. conditional force if anyone I 145, IV 131, A I 133, C XIV 10; as ~ as if someone 1X37. [OE hwa] whoso, hoso pron. indef. 1. anyone who, whoever Pr 144, I 104, A I 59, 86, C Pr 208. 2. as if offering an option (for) anyone XV 91, XVI 126, XVII 146, C XIX 5, 120. 3. the one, whoever it might be, that V 324, VI 113, A V 183, C VI 381. 4. if anyone Pr 195, V 116, A V 97, VIII 78, C III 236, 369; as ~ like sbody who V 348, XV 338, A V 196, C X 39; as if sbody C III 363; but ~ except if, unless one V 125, VI 1, A VII 1, C VII 307. [OEhwdswd] wy n. Weyhill in Hampshire V 203, A V 119, CVI211. wicche n. sorcerer or sorceress XIII 337, C VI 81; sorcerer, warlock XVIII 69. [OE wicca, wicce] wichecraft n. sorcery, black magic XVI 120, XVIII 46, C XX 46; magic, enchantment XIII 168. [OE wiccecr<eft] wid, vfideadj. 1. vast XVII 162; broad C IX 111; expansive XVI 134, C X 62; comp. more extensive XVIII 362, C XX 400. 2. voluminous XVI 253, C XVIII 269. [OEwrd] wideat/v. 1. wide XVIII 322, C XX 365; widely A XII 43; extensively C XIII 185. 2. far X1X/XXI 36, C X 199; far and wide Pr 4, A Pr 4; far abroad V 530, A VI 18, C VII 175; comp. farther C II 216. [OEwide] widewe, wedewe, wodewe n. widow IX 167, XIII 196, A X 188, C III 421; pi III 125, A VIII 32, C VI 143; a class of consecrated widows of the Early Church XII 204, C XIV 143. [OE widewe, weoduwe] wideweres, wedewares n. widowers IX 179, A X 200, C X 2 8 1 . [ME: cp. OE widuwa] widewher, wydewhare adv. far and wide VIII 62, A IX 53, C X 61; in distant places C XVII 271. [ME] widwehode, wydewhode, wedewhed n. the 229

wikked - willen

Glossary

XX/XXII 269; unjust C III 206; malicious V 162, XIX/XXI 286; comp. C XX 456; ill-natured, shrewish XVII 323, C XIX 303. as n. 2. a sinful person A XI 263; pi. evil ones I 124; sinful men, evildoers VIII 98, A IX 88, C XX 427; the illdisposed XV 169. 3. perilous C XII 236; in disrepair VII 27, A VIII 29, C IX 31; difficult VI 1, A VII 1, C VII 307; cruel C XI 271; destructive XVI 27, C XVIII 29. [fr.prec.] wikkedly, wykkidly, wickedliche adv. 1. iniquitously XVII 290, C XIX 271; sinfully A XI 292, C I 2 6 ; superl. X 433. 2. dishonestly V 202, A V 143, C VIII 234. 3. cruelly, severely XX/XXII 302. [ME fr. adj.] wikkednesse n. 1. iniquity V 282; oppression XVIII 413; depravity V 363, A V 205; inherent sinfulness X 382; evil act XVI 157, C X I 207; misconduct V 180; harm, evil VIII 99, A IX 89. 2. sinful state V 187. [ME] wildea<#. 1. not domestic, wild XI 355, C XVI 10; made w. game XIII 63; as n. wild creatures XIV 116, C XIII 169, XV 292; of snakes shy, fugitive XI 329, XIV 113; of earthworms elusive XIV 41; of stallions excited, frenzied VII 92, A VIII 74. 2. wayward, uncontrolled XII 6, A X 57. [OE] wildefowel n. game birds X 367. [ME] wildernesse n. wasteland, tract of wild or uninhabited land XV 273, C X 62; pi. C XVII 28; fig. the present world contrasted w. the future life Pr 12, XVII 101, A Pr 12. [ME: cp. OE ivilderne] wiles n. lying tricks, cunning lies, deceptions IV 34, A X 9, C X 136; pers. C IV 77; coll. pi. craftiness, cunning XV 409, C XVIII 45; dishonesty XV 234, C XIII 75; deceit C XVIII 174; complicated manoeuvres XIX/XXI 100. [AF *wile: cp. gile, guiler] wilfulliche, willefolliche adv. by intention, voluntarily XX/XXII 49; violently CIV 46; perversely XIX/XXI 370; w. deliberate malice XVII 290, C XIX 271. [ME] wilyman n. pers. a crafty lawyer C IV 27. [ME] wille, wil «.(!) 1. desire XI 22, 149, XII 254, C XII 84, XV 88; wish II 67, VI 277, A III 106, XI 100, C III 19, XIII 247; eagerness C XV 184 2. inclination

II 100, VIII 49, A IX 45, C III 237, V 185; disposition V 185, IX 209; spiritually correct disposition XII 60, 195, XIII 192, C VI 337, IX 111, XIX 332; divine benevolence XVIII 212, C XX 221; w. a good ~ without delay, at once C VII 296; corteys ~ grace C XIV 160; in ~ disposed X 171, A XII 21. 3. volition XVI 88, 223, C XVIII 28; purpose, intent Pr 156, IX 117, XIV 126, C I 1 1 0 , II 34, XVI 181; of o ~ single minded III 238, C XV 273. 4. that which is desired, will I 82, III 7, A II 24, 53, C VII 142; will and testament XII 260; commandment III 293, A III 268; gilej) ageyne his ~ dupes into doing what he would not wish VII 69; A VIII 71; at ... ~ at sbody's disposal Pr 37, XI 417, C X 241; submissive VI 206, XVIII 100; compliant II 148, A II 112, C III 375. 5. sexual desire II 92, XIII 347, CII99, VI 181. 6. wilfulness, selfwill IV 70, A IV 56; fig. a difficult horse C IV 22; pers. V 587, A VI 74. 7. freedom to choose XV 534, C XVIII 76; capacity to make a choice, will C XVI 177; fre~ VIII 53, C X 5 1 ; consent X 110. [OEwilla] wille, wil n. (2) the name Will V 61, VIII 129, XI 45, XIII 325, A V 44, VIII 43, C I 5 , XII 2. willed adj. disposed CI188. [fr. fol.] willen v. 1. set the mind on, desire intently, will XVII 352; pr.t.pl. X 254, XVI 27, C XVIII 31; imp.sg. XIII 204; desire, wish; pr.t.lsg. IV 5, X 337, A IV 5, C IV 5; 2sg. II 45, V 302, A II 27, C III 148, VIII 298; 3sg. XVIII 285, A XI 82, C VII 205, X 164; pi. V 53, C IX 86; pa.t.lsg. XI 64; 2sg. C XIII 229; 3sg. I 29, A VII 300; pi. XX/XXII 38; pr.subj.sg. II 235, XI 276, A II 53; pa.subj.sg. Pr 144, 206, II 133, A I 13, V96, C I I 2 4 , 131; pi. II 68, XIV 173, A VII 231, C VII 212, VIII 57; imp.pl. X 122, A XI 75; prp. XIII 279; pp. XV 263. 2. determine, decree, prescribe, ordain: pr.t.lsg. IX 128; 2sg. X 133, A XI 86; 3sg. VI 16, A VII 15, C III 420, XIV 217; pa.t.3sg. VI 164, X 132, A l l 46, C Pr 130, III 428; pr.subj.sg. XI 35, XVIII 386, C XI 306; pa.subj.sg. XVIII 383, C XVII 42; pi. VIII 131. 3. intend, have a mind to, purpose pr.t.lsg. IV 230

willen - wynne(n)

Glossary 97(2), V 301, A VII 58, C VIII 93, XVIII 159; 3sg. XVIII 22, C XX 28; pi. Ill 17, A VII 143, C II 187; pa.subj.sg. XII 215, C XI 112; w. unexpr. v. of motion pa.t.3sg. V 299, A V 149, C XVIII 291; pi. XV 464; pr.subj.sg. XVIII 174, C XX 298; pa.subj.sg. C XVI 337; might exercise choice XV 24, C XVI 184; am/is/are resolved, determined pr.t. Isg. Ill 5, IV 180, A V 5 2 , 227, C VII 306; 3sg. XIX/XXI 100; pi. VI 156, C II 169. 4. consent, agree (to), am/is/are willing, wish pr.t.Isg. Pr 109, III 8, XVIII 255, A IV 84(1), VII 262, C I 1 1 6 , 123; 2sg. Ill 111, 118, VI 156, XI 41, A III 167, C VI 357, VIII 298; 3sg. VI 236, X 309, C III 499, VII 77; pi. V 247, IX 89, A VIII 32, C VIII 261, 1X16; pa.t.3sg. VI 241, X 122, A XI 75, C XIII 231, XIX 60; pi. XI 283, XV 518, A XI 133, CX 102; pr.subj.sg. Pr 195, VI 38, A III 8, C III 226, VIII 153; pa.subj.sg. Pr 205, V266, A VI 45, C XVII 254; pi. X 181, A XI 133, C P r 3 8 . 5. will naturally, is naturally disposed to, has the capability to, is likely to pr.t.Ssg. Ill 48, IV 23, V 444, XV 186, A VII 296, C XX 307; pi. XI 193, XIV 4, C IV 35, XVIII 60; pa.subj.sg. V91, XIII 379, XV 159, C I 40; pi. Pr 198, XII 50, A VII 30, C Pr 216. 6. = shal will certainly, will without fail pr.t.Isg. XI 23, C XI 182; 2sg. XIII 168, C VI 238; 3sg. Pr 153, VII 196, A XI 91, C I I 3 9 , 250; pi. VI 204, XI 21, 55, A V 36, C VIII 148, XII 30. 7. in contingent use = sholde would certainly, would without fail pa.subj.lsg. II 195, III 51, IV 65, XII 27, A V 84, 1X31, C I 1 1 5 , VI 268; 3sg. IV 106, V 279, 559, A IX 31, C VI 328; ought to C XII 39; pa.t. as subj. marker would, were to sg. XII 25, XIV 142, 189, A IV 51, C III 370, XX 310; pi. XI 109, XV 302, 309, C XVII 44, 46, 47. [OE willan] wilne v. 1. desire, yearn, long (for) X 345; pr.t.2sg. VI 259, A II 30; 3 g. Ill 111, X 129, A IV 139, C VII 198, XII 20; pi. V 554, A VI 47, C I 8, XVII 191; pa.t.lsg. XI 148, XVIII 4, XX 4; 3sg. C III 132; XII 83; pi. C XVII 269; imp.sg. A X 89; pi. X 122, A XI 75; abs. pr.t.Isg. XV 24, C XVI 184; pr.t.2sg. ~ aftur C IV 92. 2. wish (sthing

upon/for sbody) pr.t.3sg. I 89, A I 87, C XIII 94; pa.t.3sg. XI 146, C XII 81. 3. dispose myself V 187; is correctly disposed X359; pa.t.pl. XV 518, C XVIII 269. [OE wilnian] wyn n. wine Pr 229, A I 31, C VI 160. [OE win} wynchestre n. Winchester in Hampshire V 203, AV119, C VI 211. wynd n. 1. wind VIII 30, A IX 31, C XIX 336; fig. XVI 27, C XVIII 32; pi. C XVIII 29; windstorm III 331, C III 484; gale, hurricane V 14, A V 14, C XII 190; pi. gales, tempests VIII 40, A IX 36, C XII 190. 3. breath (employed in speech) VII 53, A VIII 55; gas A V 72. 4. the element air IX 4, XVII 163, A X 4, C IX 56, XV 241. [OE wind} wynde v. pr.t.lsg. clear grain of chaff, winnow V 548. [fr. n.: cp. OE windwian} wyndow n. window of stained glass (in a church or chapel) III 48, A III 50, C III 51; pi. Ill 61, 65, A III 61, C III 69. [cp. OI vindauga} wynge, wenge n. wing by melon, flight XII 265, C XIV 186. [cp. OI vamgr, ace. v&ngi\ winke v. 1. wink invitingly IV 152, C I V 148; pa.t.3sg. looked meaningfully IV 154. 2. prp. sleeping C Pr 11. [OE winciari] wynkyng ger. 1. sleep V 3, 361, A V 203; in a ~ worji fell into a doze, drowsed XI 5, CXI 165. wynlyche adv. cheerfully A XII 46. [OE wynlice] wynne(n) v. 1 . come by, obtain, get IV 77, IX 71, A III 224, C VIII 63, XV 143; pr.t.2sg. V 262; 3sg. XX 15, C III 499; pi. Ill 352; pa.t.lsg. V 456, C VI 310; 2sg. C VI 255; 3sg. VI 96, C VIII 105; pr.subj.sg. C XII 6; pp. V 92, C VI 258; establish a right to III 159, C III 197; get possession of Pr 179, C Pr 196; pr.t.Bsg. X 86, C XI 66; pp. XIX/XXI 245; ~ awey abduct IX 9, A X 9, C X 136. 2. intr. acquire possessions XX/XXII 124; pr.t.3sg. C XI 66, XIII 74; made his money C XIX 236; pr.subj.sg. XIX/XXI 350. 3. be the gainer, profit XIII 377; pa.t.pl. IV 67; pr.t.3sg. makes money XIV 295, C X V I 130; pr.subj.pl. C XII 227. 4. earn V 25, X 392, A V 242, C 231

wynne(n) - wisse(n)

Glossary XXI 244, A VI 1, C IX 51, XI 96; comp. X 377, A XI 272, C VI 24; superl. CXI 217. 2. as n.: sg. wise man (Ecclesiasticus) XI 394, (Proverbs) C V 139, (Paul) XVI229; coll.pl. intelligent people VIII 94, A IX 84; wise, discerning XI 256, C X 307; wise people C XIII 202; comp. a wiser one XI 272; the educated X 280; learned men XVIII 234, C XX 243; superl. sg. most learned XIII 292; asadju. X403. [OEwts] wisdom, wisedom n. 1. sound judgement (in matters of life, conduct, affairs), wisdom XIV 310, XIX/XXI 450, XX/XXII 33. 2. experienced counsel II 134, VI 51, 212, A X 111, C II 150; pi. wise precepts X 5, A XI 5, C XI 5. 3. in colloc. w. wit erudition X 17, XII 295, A XI 17, C XVI 190; legal expertise XX 133; pers. IV 63, A IV 49, C IV 66; waryn ~ IV 27, A IV 24; infinite knowledge XI 419, C XIII 227. 4. kinds of learning XII 137, C XIV 82. [OE wisdom] wise n. manner, mode, way V 605, XVII 286, AV92, CV51, 1X33; w. neg. in anyway V 564, A VI 51, C VII 211; under any circumstances VI 305, A VII 289, C VIII 327; on cros ~ by crucifixion XIX/XXI 142. [OE wise] wisely adv. w. sound judgement X 387, A XI 268, C X I 213; prudently 1X183, C III 7; as advised by your confessor C VIII 234; sagely, shrewdly IV 46, A IV 33; learnedly X 434; attentively C XV 76; comp. XIII 342. [OE wislice] wisman n. surname of a pers. Worldly Wiseman C IV 27. [ME] wispe, weps n. handful, bunch V 344, A V 192, C VI402. [OE *wisp, wips] wisse(n) v. 1. teach, instruct, show VII 132, A X I S , CV139; pr.t.lsg. 142, V 148, A I 40; 3sg. XI 383, C XIII 202; pi. X 390, C XVII 85; pa.t.Ssg. I 74, X 388, A I 72, C I 7 1 ; pp. C XIV 4; direct X 157, A XI 109; pr.t.Ssg. XV 495, C I 40; pi. A XI 275; pa.t.pl C XI 137. 2. inform VIII 6, XIV 322, C X 111; ~ bettre corrected VI 165, A VII 150, C VIII 162. 3. point out V 533, A VI 21, C II 202. 4. guide V 555, XII 273, A VI 42, C XIV 195; pr.t.Ssg. C XV 20; do me to ~ have me guided VIII 77, A IX 13. 4. manage, control III 17, A III

V 126, XI 219; pr.t.3sg. A IX 73; pi. A VII 236; pa.t.Ssg. XV 291, C XVII 18; intr. imp.pl VI 321, A VII 302, C VIII 341. 5. pr.t.Ssg. produce by labour VI 20; pi. A VII 22, C VIII 18; pa.t.pl. Pr 22, APr22, C Pr 24; intr. pr.t.pl. work productively VI 162, A VIII 64. 6. pr.t.Ssg. win (in contest) III 334, C III 486; pa.t.Ssg. X 456, C XI 282; conquer C III 253, IV 192; fig. C VII 234; pr.t. 3sg. XIX/XXI 32; pa.t.Ssg. XII 44; persuade C VI 190. 7. recover XVIII 140, C XX 143; pp. XVIII 353, C XX 396. 8. fig. pp. begotten XI 202, C XII 110; intr. beget children IX 111. [OE ivinnan] wynneres n. productive members of society A VII 148; honest workmen C Pr 226. [fr. prec.j wynnestre, wynstere n. successful businesswoman V213, AV129. [ME] wynnyngger. 1. profit VI14, A V 94, C IX 26; pi. C VI 293; gain C V 98, XII 17; financial advantage XIX/XXI 453, C VII 75, XI 77; coll. earnings C VI 305; prosperity, acquisition of wealth V 35, A V33, C V 137. wynse v. be restive and impatient C IV 22. [AF *wenchir] wynter n. 1. winter III 192, A VIII 115, C XVI 14; pi. XIV 113, C XII 187. 2. pi. years XIV 68; uninfl. w. num. I 101, A III 38, C VI 203. [OE winter] wiped v. 1. pa.t.lsg. dried, wiped XVI 167, C XVIII 243; pi. II 223, A II 182, C II 233; ellip. pr.t.Ssg. dries his hands C IX 251; pa.t.pl. XIII 28, C XV 37. 2. pp. rubbed V 361, A V 203; rubbed clean XIII 459. [OE wipian] wyr n. wire in phr. gold ~ rings II 11. [OE wr] wirdes, wyrdus n. pi. fate, destiny C III 241; fortunes C V 98, XII 209; gifts of fortune C XIV 32. [OE wyrd\ wis adj. 1. sagacious, wise 172, XIX 166, A XI 5, 8, C III 7, IV 44; prudent, sensible Pr 208, IV 69, A X 70, C XIII 44; discerning, perceptive VII 191, XIV 167, A VIII 169, C XIII 28, XVI 20; intelligent IX 18, A X 17, C X 144; wise in the ways of the world XVII 262, C XIX 228. 2. skilful, expert XIV 18, XX/XXII 302. 3. knowledgeable, wellinformed, learned V513, XV 548, XIX/ 232

wisse(n) - wip

Glossary

12, XIII 25, A Pr 12, C V 37; 2sg. VI 210, A VII 196; 3sg. VIII 4, XIII 323, A IX 4, C VI 70, XI 285; pr.subj.sg. V 289, 562, XVI 12, A VI 49, C VI 344; pa.subj.sg. IX 40, A IX 4, C VI 289; pi. X442, XIII 311; pp. XVIII 205, C XX 210; intr. pr.t.lsg. know VIII 74, A IX 65, C X 7 2 ; 3sg. VIII 116, A IX 106. 2. be aware (of), know Pr 166; pr.t.lsg. VI 257, A VII 241, C VIII 139; 2sg. Ill 180, A III 167, C III 226; 3sg. V 181, XI 101, C Pr 100, IX 128; pi. II 129, III 176, A VIII 61, XI 30, C XIII 65; pa.t. 3sg. X 232, XI 146, A XI 175, C XII 81; pi. XI 238, XIX/XXI 371, A IV 67; pa.subj.sg. VII 70, XIV 8, C VI 289; pi. XV 119; prp. in full awareness, w. open eyes XIX/XXI 370. 3. get knowledge of, learn (of) II 45, IV 139, A VI 41, VII 196, C VI 303; pr.tlsg. IV 105, A IV 92, C IV 100; 3sg. XI 434, C XIII 240; pa.t.lsg. XIV 98, C XV 80; 3sg. XIII 326(2), XVI 233; pi. XV 362, C XII 127. 4. imp.pl. as by a crier or herald know ye, be informed II 75, A II 57, C II 82; doop ... towitene inform VIII 13. 5. be assured, certain (of) XV 263, XVIII 66, C X X 6 8 ; pr.t.lsg. XVII 7; 3sg. II 78, C III 297, IX 70; pa.subj.sg. Ill 51, V 269, A III 50, C I X 6 7 ; ~wel know for a fact V 472, A VII 122, C X 239. 6. pa.subj.sg. knew how, was able IX 40. 7. in courtesy formula wiltow/ wol ye ~ since you ask XIII 226, XVI 25. [OE witan] withoute con/, except if, unless C IV 176. [fr. prep.] witen v.(2) protect, guard VII 36, XVI 25; pr.subj.sg. Pr 208; pi. A X 67; abs. pr.subj.sg ~ god God forfend V 632, A VI 117, C VII 285. [OE witan] witep see WITTE. witful adj. fig. of self-regulation wise, sagacious IV 21, A IV 19. [ME] wip, with prep. 1. indie, or impl. opposition with IV 174, XI 116, A X 161, C XII 51, XVI 66; notwithstanding, despite XVIII 321(2), A XI 278, C XX 364(2); in competition w. C VI 252; in defiance of XIX/XXI 247; against C XII 189, 193; w. physical sense A XII 91, C XI 39; of restraint from C IV 23; of reciprocity for, with Pr 34, XIII 111, XV 361; ~ pat on the undertaking (that)

17, CIII 18; pr.subj.sg. govern X91, A X92. [OEivissian] wisshen, weschen v. desire, wish XVII 352, CX268; pr.t.lsg. V 112, A V 92; pi. XII 273; pa.t.lsg. XIII 81, C XV 88; 3sg. XX/XXII 194; pi. V 344, A V 192, C VI 402; pp. X 474. [OE wyscan] wisshynges, weschynges ger. sinful desires II 91, CII98. [ME] wissynge ger. direction, guidance XI 59, C XII 11. wit, witt(e) n. 1. intelligence, intellectual capacity Pr 37, VII 53, X 17, A X 75, C XI 156, XV 171; pers. IV 76, VIII 115, A IV 53, VI 27, C IV 77, X 115; kynde ~ individual natural, innate intelligence P r l l 8 , XII 45, 67, A VII 231, C XI 225, XIV 36; pers. P r l l 4 , 121, A I 53, III 275, C Pr 145, III 437. 2. mind (as the seat of intelligence) 171, III 302, A I 69, C XV 74; pi. intellects X 134, 401, C X 105, XIV 194; mental faculties, wits 1140, 1X54, A IX 115, C I 139, XVIII 179. 3. understanding V 456, VIII 53, XI 45, A V 228, C V 1 8 5 , IX 106, X 51; way of thinking XV 83, XVIII 234, C XX 243; pi. XII 169; peynted ~ misguided notions, foolish conceits C IV 23. 4. wise design IX 44, XI 419, XV 130, C XIII 227; capacity for invention X 216; ingenuity XI 346, XIX/XXI 122, C XIII 169; stratagem XIX/XXI 100; talent XIX/XXI 229; clever means Pr 156, C Pr 176; contrivance II 153, XIX/XXI 354, A l l 117; cunning XIII 365, C VI 21; pi. dishonest means C XIX 248. 5. fyue ~ (the) five senses XIV 56, C XV 255; (the) mental faculties I 15, X 448, XV 76, XIX/XXI 216, A I 15, C XVI 235. 6. prudence, discernment, good sense II 134, III 7, V 185, C VIII 55; fig. V 587, A VI 74, C VII 234; 7. significance, portent XIII 154; pi. XII 132. 8. erudition, learning VIII 9, X 171, A XI 277, C XI 220; pi. XV 54, C XVI 216; branches of learning X 172, A XI 124. [OE] wite(n) v.(l) 1. have knowledge of, know III 74, X 122, A XI 80, C X 164; pr.t.lsg. V 180, 642; pr.t.2sg. VIII 73, A IX 64, C X 7 1 ; 3sg. X 438, XI 213, A IX 106, C IX 70, XI 270; pi. Ill 332, VII 78(1), C I 1 2 2 , XIII 65; pa.t.lsg. Pr 233

wip - wiboute(n)

Glossary

V 73, A V 56, C VI 173; provided that XX/XXII 250; of transactions or dealings with IV 11, V 144, XIII 148, A XI 50, C IV 11, VI 299; of equivalence, conformity of, like VII 16; with V 74, XX 303, A VIII 70, C VI 174; as much as, along w. XIII 143, XIX/XXI 40, C IX 187, XX 318; (in agreement) w. XVIII 199, C III 356; yliche ~ like unto V 486; -bat then, thereupon Pr 146, A III 25, C IV 196; ~ bat breel> at those words XVIII 321, C XX 364. 2. indie, company or association with I 129, III 197, A IV 155, CIII 137, VI 116; along w. Prl02, 1111, II 85, A I 112, II 60, CPr 130, I 109(1), IV 163; together w. VIII 35, X239, 359, A IX 31, C II 16, 110, III 419; of bringing or conveying with II 224, IV 132, A V 120, C II 234, VI 212; indie, regard or respect with, in the case of III 153, 282, XIII 350, A X 108, C VI 149, VIII 215, IX 95; of attachment to XIX/XXI 299; with I 102, II 64, A I 100, C I 109(2), III 348; in the company of C XVIII 184; in C XIX 135; in favour with X233, A XI 176; of encounter, address: in descriptive phr. wearing XV 7, XX/XXII 176, A IV 121, C VI 202, XX 273; carrying, holding Pr53, V 12, A V 1 1 , C IX 98, XIII 53; accompanied by X 346, XVIII 36, C XX 413; containing V 640(1), XIII 254, C XV 224; ~ brode crounes tonsured XIII 242; forming adv. phr. with Pr 44, I 167, II 155, A III 13, 166, C VI 415, VII 296, VIII 105; to XIII 233, C XV 207; to the tune of Pr 225, XIII 456, C VII 152; in C II 107, XX 304; ~ my3t in his power and majesty IV 173. 3. indie, agency with VI 219(2), XIX/XXI 144, A VII 205(2); w. the help of XII 186, C XIV 125; by III 2, V 264(2), XVI 105, A III 2, C Pr 87; through V 486, 1X116, C VII 128. 4. indie, means or instrument with Pr 74, I 170, 196, IV 143, A I 65, 144, C Pr 176, III 370, IV 112; by CXIX 147; through Pr22, I 150, II 154, A II 81, III 171, V25, C II 242, IV 149, VI 336; by means of Pr 75, III 155, V25, A IV 69, V 68, CPr 147, III 230, VI 190; on V281, A VII 256, C VIII 293; as adv. adju. with V 285, 348, VI 124, AVII 116, C V S , IX 157, XVI 25; by 1X181, XVI 147, C

VI 349; to marie ~ myselue as my dowry II 31. [OE] wiballe, wib al adv. altogether, wholly IX 18, C XVIII 124; absolutely XV 12; in all matters VI 82, A VII 74, C VIII 86; utterly V 3, A V 3; very, most IX 5, A X 5, C X 132; moreover, as well Pr 123, C XVII 166; however XVI 68, A XII 50. [ME] wibdrawe v. 1. pr.t.pl restrain X 82. 2. refl. refrain XX/XXI 352; pr.t.Ssg. IX 99; pi. C XI 62. 3. intr. take second place VI 329, C VIII 350; pa.t.3sg. drew back, retreated C XIX 64; pa.t.3sg. departed XVIII 60, C XX 60. [ME] wibhalt v. pr.t.Ssg. keeps back, withholds V 552, A VI 39, C VII 196; pr.subj.sg. CIII 307; pa.t.pl. detained II 231, A II 190, C II 241. [ME] wibinne adv. indoors V 544, A VI 34, C VII 188; inside CVI31; internally XIII 329, C VI 74; underneath XIII 362, C VI 261; beneath the surface XV 112, C XVI 268. [OEwfyinnan] wibinne prep, inside (of), within XVII 162, C X 40; of time ~ bise within the past X 154, A XI 106; within the next C XX 31. [fr. adv.] withoute conj. except if, unless C IV 176. [fr. prep.] wiboute(n) adv. on the outside XI 260, C XII 146; externally X 263; out of doors V 544, A VI 34, C VI 31, VII 188; outside, out V 614, C VII 266. [LOE wfyutan] wiboute(n) prep, without in contextual senses: outside C XVI 367; except, other than, apart from III 89, XVII 96, A III 78, C III 117; in the absence of XVI 218, C II 126; not possessing, lacking, without XI 128, XV 13, A X 57, C III 132, 365; without recourse to, help, use of III 162, V 387, A III 151, C III 206, V 52, XIX 86; without thought, consideration of III 243, C XII 87; without the agency of VII 56, X 457, C XI 143; without (the exercise of) III 195, XVII 218, A III 182, XI 261, C IV 182, XII 85; without need of XIV 64, XV 488, C XV 269; in the absence of, unaccompanied by I 186, XI 171, XII 175, XIX/XXI 76, C XIV 28; free of IV 79, XIV 320, XVIII 131, A IV 65, C IV 75, 181, X 101; unsullied by XVIII 128, C 234

wiboute(n) - wolf

Glossary

blame VII 60. [OE witan] witted adj. in phr. kynde ~ w. good natural intelligence (but not literate) XII 107, 158, C XIV 52, 72; wise ~ both intelligent and wise X403. [fr. n.] witterly, witturly adv. for certain V 269, A XII 10, C III 297; beyond doubt C IX 88; truly, really I 74, XVIII 209, XIX 358, A XI 259, C V 37; clearly, plainly C P r l l , VI 303; sincerely XIII 384, C VI 273; earnestly, fervently XIII 384, C XV 88; intently C XVIII 180. [ME fr. LOE witter] witty adj. 1. intelligent XI 374, XIV 167, C V I 2 4 ; comp. CV188; as n. XI 394; of the deity omniscient II 138, A II 102, C II 154; -god God in his wisdom XV 130. 2. clever, crafty IV 67; pers. IV 27, A IV 24. 3. knowledgeable, learned X395, XV 357, C IX 51; pi as n. XII 143. [OEwittig] wittily adv. ingeniously IX 4, A X 4, C X 131. [fr. adj.] wittyman n. pers. sharp, unscrupulous intelligence CIV 31. [ME] wyued/?p. taken a wife, married IX 187. [OE wifian] wyuyng, wyfyng ger. matrimony, marriage IX 186, CX287. wo n. 1. state of misery, distress, affliction XI 400, XIII 207, XV 542, A XI 115, C III 206; grief, distress V 357, 1X61, XI 4, A V 199, C Pr 10, IV 65, XI 164; misfortune XII 186, C XIV 125. 2. punishment I 169, IV 84, A I 143, C I 165, IV 80; the torment of hell II 107, XIX/ XXI 198, A XI 69. 3. hardship, severe physical discomfort XIII 262, XIV 177, XVIII 2; wretched state XX/XXII 193; privation, poverty C IX 83, 84 [OE wd\ wo adj. distressed, miserable V 3, A V 3 [as n.] wode n. 1. wooded tract, woodland VIII 63, A IX 54; forest XVII 105, C X 62; pi. XI 329, C IX 197. 2. the substance wood C XVIII 24; firewood XVII 332, CXVI 180. [OEwudu] wodnesday n. Wednesday XIII 154. [OE wodnesd&g] woke, woky v. dilute XV 339; fig. pr.t.Ssg. soaks C XVI 335; pr.subj.sg. soften by soaking C XIV 25. [OE wdcian] wolfn. wolf C IX 265; pi. 1X198, A X 212, C IX 227. [OEwulfi

II 131, XIII 75; uncontrolled by XV 461; unequipped w. XVIII 12, C XX 10; dayes-ende forever XVII 273, C XIX 254; -ende to the end of time XVI 240; eternally XVIII 378, XIX 198, C III 360, X 170, XVIII 232; ~ gynnyng from eternity II 30, XVI 187. [as adv.] wi|iseye, wijmgge v. refute X 349, A IV 142, XI 232. [OE wfysecgan] withsitte v. resist, oppose C Pr 176; ignore, disregard VIII 202, X 98; pa.t.lsg. C XVIII 249. [ME] wi[)stonde v. resist, oppose Pr 156. [OE wfystandan] wi|)wyndes, wethewynde n. of a bindweed V 518, C VII 163. [OE wipowinde] witlees, witteles adj. deranged, demented XIII 1, C IX 111. [OEwitleas] witnesses. 1. erudition C XI 282. 2. attestation, testimony VII 112, A VIII 94, C IX 286; pi. XII 123, C XIV 66; fals ~ II 81; pers. II 147, A II 111, C II 163; attestation of a legal document II 108, A II 72, C II 112; of a sacred text beren ~ testify XVIII 232, C XX 241; pr.t.Ssg. II 38, A VIII 135, C VII 100, IX 305; support(s) w. authority, attest(s) XI 269, XIV 86, CXI 213, XVIII 212; authority IX 120; folk berej) ~ everybody says V 146; pi. eye-witnesses C VI 53; supporting authorities XII 123, C XI 153; passages in support IX 75; signatories (of a will) XII 261; take to ~ call upon in support X55, A XI 41, C XV 101, XX 135; take ~ at/of get support from XI 141, C XII 76, XV 156; in himself a manifestation C XX 311. [OE witnes] witnesse v. 1. be witness to II 161, A II 46; pr.t.pl. C XX 45; imp.pl. II 75, A l l 57, C II 82. 2. formally attest XI 39; pa.t.3sg. IV 91, C IV 87; pr.t.Ssg. proclaims Pr 195, X 23, A XI 243, C III 123, V87, XX 356; pp. A X 111; intr. make formal statement XIII 306. 3. pr.t. 3sg. testifies I 147, III 274, A XI 263, C III 427, VIII 239; pi. XIII 434, C VII 94; pr.t.Ssg. is evidence C II 132; pa.t. 3sg. testified in court IV 91. 4. pr.t.pl. evince by your action XVI 122. 5. imp. sg. find support C Pr 208; observe (for yourselves) XI 234; C XII 123. [ME] witte, wytide v. pa.t.Bsg. laid the blame on I 31, A I 31, C I 30; pa.subj.sg. C VI 113; reproached A V 205; imp.pl. 235

wolkne - world

Glossary

wolkne, welkene n. sky XV 362; firmament, heavens XVII 163, C XX 247. [OE woken, wolcri] wollew. wool VI 13, A VII 10, C IX 265; fig. A VIII 17. [OEwull] wollen adj. made of wool, woollen V213, A V 129; as n. woollen cloth, woollen clothing 118, A I 18, C XIII 103; attr. Pr 220, A Pr 99. [LOE wullen] wolleward, wollewaerd adj. wearing wool next to the skin XVIII 1, C XX 1. [OE *wullwerd} wolueliche adj. wolfish XV 116. [ME] wolueskynnes adj. w. wolfish natures, predatory VI 161. [ME] wombe«. 1. belly VI 215, A VII 201, C VIII 225. 2. stomach Pr 59, III 84, A V 210, C V 5 2 ; ~ cloutes tripes XIII 63. 3. womb V 591, XVI 100, A VI 78, C XVIII 133. [OEwamb] womman, woman n. woman I 71, VII 91, A X 202, CIII 421; be ~ Eve V 602, A XI 67; pi. I 32, A III 246, C II 7; gener. sg. XIX/XXI 162; gen. pi. wommene, wommane XVIII 131, C XX 134. [OE wifmanri] wonder n. (a) marvel XI 350, AV102, C XIII 161; pi. Pr4, A P r 4 , CXI 169; ~ ...bynkeb puzzles III 183, A III 170, C III 229; it would seem remarkable XV 120. 2. miracle XIX/XXI 119. 3. extraordinary natural occurrence, portent XVIII 122, C XX 129; pi. XV 483. 4. wonderment in phr. haue/hadde ~ marvel(led) III 304, C XVIII 269; wondered 171, A I 69, C XIII 158. [OE wundor] wonder adj. mysterious XIV 126. [fr. n.] wonder adv. remarkably XIV 6, C XI 217; surprisingly XVI. [fr. n.] wonderful, wonderfol, wondurfol adj. marvellous, wonderful XI 329, C XIII 137; amazing XVII 26, C XIX 27. [OE wunderfull] wonderly adv. wonderfully II 8, A II 8, C 119; marvellously CXI 165; remarkably V 626, A XI 3, C VI 308. [OE wunderlice] wonderwise adv. in a marvellous way I 124, C I 126. [ME] wondred v. pa.t.lsg. was amazed and curious XIX/XXI 204; impers. pr.t. am puzzled C XV 74; pa.t. was shocked C XIII 153. [OE wundrian] wondryng see WANDRE.

wone n. habit C IV 22; custom XV 245, C XVI 324. [OEwuna] wones n. pi. habitations, dwelling-places III 235, C Pr 18. [cp. OI van; also infl. of fol. v.] wonye, wonev. 1. dwell, live III 235, XV 245, A II 30; fig. C XVI 65; pr.t.3sg. I 63, A II 194, C II 245; pi. Ill 12, A III 12, CIX83; pa.t.lsg. C V 1 ; 3sg. C Pr 18; pi. XV 273; stay, remain II 107, A II 71, C II 237; pr.t.pl. X 435. 2. pr.t. 3sg. lives, leads his/her life XIX/XXI 36, C III 142; pi. II 75, A II 57, C II 82; pa.t. pi. XX/XXII 39, CIX 197. [OE wunian} wont, woned pp. adj. accustomed, used VI 167, A VII 152, C VI 143. [OE wunian w. infl. ofgewun, gewuna] wonte n. mole C XV 240. [OE wond] woon, woen n. in phr. good ~ a large amount XX/XXII 171. [OSc: cp. OI van] word n. 1. word V 86, XIII 88, A IV 142, C IX 282; pi. X41. 2. speech V 505, C VI 21, 177; pi. discourse, talk IV 34, V 162, A VII 65, C IV 44, fig. C VI 65; pi. gloton of ~ man incapable of silence Pr 139. 3. utterance, statement, what is said V 362, X 447, A V 204, C XX 311; pi. Pr 184, I 43, A VII 35, C IV 154, XII 11; prophecy XIX/XXI 80. 4. pi. language of a text, words I 72, 200, A I 89, VII 222, C III 494, X 89; pi. lines of text VII 153, C IX 302; writings XII 137, C XIV 82. 5. commandment, behest 113, 1X32, A X 33; pi. XVII 12, C XIX 13; admonition XIII 68; teaching VI 56, A I 135, C XI 232; pi. XVI 6, C VII 87. [OE] worden v. pr.t.pl. speak, say A X 96, C XIII 244; pa.t.pl. X 434; prp. XVII 50, C XIX 48; pp. C XV 148. [OE wordian] wordynge ger. pronouncements C VIII 90. [cp. OE wordlung] world n. 1. in phr. bis ~ human existence conceived of in the Christian sense as a preliminary to eternal life I 8, V 282, XVII 101, A VIII 169, X 144, C VI 334, XI 61; the human condition V 357, A V 199, C VI 415. 2. the world of physical existence conceived of as hostile to the perfection of the spiritual condition of Christians I 39, III 66, XVI 27, A I 37, 1X38, CXI 80, XII 171 3. the present life w. its pursuits and interests Pr 19, III 282, A Pr 19, C XI 66, XIX 228; the 236

world - worpi

Glossary

wortes n. pi. dishes of cabbage or kale VI 308, A VII 292, C VIII 330; fig. dishes of vegetable broth or soup V 162. [OE wyrt] worp n. 1. value IV 170, XII 291. 2. take at ~ set store by, esteem, value correctly XII 123, C XIV 66. [OE] worJ) adj. 1. of the value of, worth V 31, A V 3 1 , CV133, VIII 262; valued at X 17, A XI 17, C XI 14; of value, to be valued, worth XIII 381, C VI 244; esteemed, valued XIV 27, C X 307; deserving of Pr 78, A Pr 75, C Pr 76. [OE] worpe v. 1. come about, happen C XI 22; pr.t.3sg. w.fut. force X 133, 417, A XI 86, CIII 123, XI 236; will befall 1X61, C X 175; be an affliction to XVI 157; pa.t.Ssg. befell C V 98; pr.subj.sg. wel ~ XIX/XXI 430, C XIII 1. 2. become VIII 61, X 135, A XI 101, C XV 147; pr.t.3sg. C XII 232; pr. subj.2sg. 126, A 126; pi. come to be X419; pr.t.Ssg. w. fut. force will become V 160, XVI 72, C IV 155, XIX 89. 3. of eventuality will prove to be III 322, X 333, C XVI 329; will be VI 162, A VIII 54, C II 78, XII 232, XX 407; pr.subj.sg. XII 291. 4. of a condition pa.t.lsg. fell into XI 5, C XI 165; 3sg. XIII 406. 5. as passive aux.: pr.t. w.fut. force 2sg. V 613, XIX/XXI 406, A VI 99, C VII 265; 3sg. 1188, II 40, A II 166, III 32, C VI 136, IX 239; pa.t.Ssg. XI 149. 6. in phr. let- let be, do not provoke, leave in peace Pr 187, II 48, C I I 5 1 ; pr.subj.sg. take effect A V 239; let god - let God's ways take their course A VII 74. 7. of movement pr.t. 3pl. - vppe mount VII 92, A VIII 74; fig. paJ.lsg. - o n C VI 148. [OE weorfran, wurpan] worpi adj. 1. entitled to ceremonious respect, of standing, prominent XIII 33, C XV 38; comp. C V 188. 2. valued C XII 192; held in honour XIII 453, XIX/ XXI 24, A XI 195; esteemed C X 307, XVIII 71; comp. more estimable XV 540, C XIII 28, XVIII 87. 3. suitable, fitting XIX/XXI 137. 4. deserving (of) III 229, V 234, A II 87, C IX 70, XI 271; entitled XIV 332. 5. worth XIV 138, XVI 267, C XVIII 283; valuable XIV 90; comp. as adv. more honourably, in a higher place VI 47. [OE wyrpig, wor]?]

world of lay folk C IX 252; life in the world VI 161, IX 111, XIX/XXI230, A VII 158, C X 204. 4. the earth and its inhabitants V480, XI 323, A X 71, 133, C Pr 104, VII 122; the physical world XIV 105, XVII 162, C IV 136, X 199. 5. people of the world XI 101, XIII 173, XV 438, C Pr 100, III 212. [OE world, weorld] worldly, wordliche adj. earthly, of this world XIX/XXI285, C XII 236; quasiadv. -wise C X 9 1 . [OE worldllc] worliche, worthily adj. beautiful C III 369; elegant C VIII 9. [OE worfllc, wurpllc] worm n. 1. serpent X 108, A XI 66; pi. snakes XI 329, C XIII 137. 2. worm XIV 41, C XV 240; pi. fig. XVI 34, C XVIII 38. [OEwyrm] worse, wers, worst(e) adj. comp. more sinful A XI 218; more distressing XIV 161, C XVI 14; more difficult XVII 45; pe ~ less capable, incapacitated I 26, A I 26; penalized C X 238; less favourable XIV 225, C XVI 66; super!, most sinful X 342; most grievous XVII 286, C XIX 267; as n. grimmer prison C III 142; less valuable object C VI 382, XVII 73; the goods of poorest quality XIII 362; the most extreme distress III 325, C III 478. [OE wyrsa, wyrsta] worse, werse, worste adv. comp.: more wickedly III 107, V 115, A XI 287, C III 138; more distressingly XVII 328, C XIX 308; less comfortably C XI 73; pe ~ disastrously IX 147, C X 235; less III 175, A III 162, CIII 221; hym cheuep l>e ~ he is the loser XIV 227, C XVI 68. [OE wyrs] worship(e) n. 1. respect, honour III 335, XII 199, C III 499; renown C V 75; good repute C VI 142; worldly success and status 18, A I 8, C I S . 2. reverence, veneration XII 119, C XVIII 262. [OE weorpscipe} worshipe(n), worsehipen v. 1. worship I 16, VI 101, A I 16, C Pr 119, XVIII 261; imp.sg. XIX/XXI 210; pp. X 132, A XI 85. 2. do honour to, make much of XV 484; pr.t.pl. C XVII 212; pr.t.pl. honour, revere III 12, A III 12, C III 13. 3. pa.t.lsg. express respect formally X 228, A XI 171. 4. pay tribute to 148, A 146. [EMEfr. n.] 237

worpili - wrong

Glossary

worj)ili adv. 1. like a grand person II 19, A II 15. 2. in a state of grace XII 90. [fr. prec.] worthily see WORLICHE.. wose n. mud, wet earth C XII 229. [OE wdse] wou3 n. wall A V 136; pi III 61, C III 65. [OE wag, wdh] wouke, woke, wike n. week V 92, VI 256, A VII 240, C IX 254; pi. X 154, A XI 106, C XVIII 133. [OEwicu, we] wounderc. wound XIV 97, C XX 101; pi. XVII 68, A XI 215, C XIX 71; injury, harm X 332, C V 177; by synec. violence and destruction C IV 181. [OE wund] woundede see WOWNDE. wounden, wonden v. pa.t.pl. covered, clothed II 223, A II 182, C II 233; pp. wound V 518, A VI 6. [OE windan] woware n. suitor, wooer C XII 19; pi. XI 71. [OE wogere] wowede v. pa.t.Bsg. solicited, entreated IV 74. [OE wogian] wowes see wou3. wowndev. wound XVIII 88; pa.t.Bsg. fig. XX/XXII 302; pp. XVI 105, C XIX 82; fig. XX/XII 305, 357; pp. as adj. C XX 90. [OE wundian] wrake n. destruction C XVII 86, XX 455. [OE wracu] wranglynge ger. contention, quarrelling IV 35, CIV 35. wrastle v. pr.subj.sg. wrestle fig. XIV 225, C XVI 66. [OE wrestlian] wrabe, wreth n. anger V 400, XI 4, A VII 109, C VII 16; wrathful retribution IV 70, A IV 56; hostility IV 35, XIV 53, A V 79, C XIV 67; fig. C VI 121; malice V 83, XV 171, A V 66, C VI 66; the capital sin C XI 108; fig. XIII 320; pers. V 135, XIV 225, A VI 95, C VI 103. [OE wr/eppu, wraefy] wraben v. 1. anger (sbody) II 117, A l l 81, C II 121; pa.t.Bsg. C I 26; pi. V 505. 2. pa.t.Bsg. became angry 1X132; re/7. VI 152, C VIII 149; imp.sg. A X 96; pr.t.2sg. are hostile III 183, A III 170, C III 229; Bsg. Pr 174, C Pr 191. 3. injure, afflict X 294. [OE wrdfian] wrecche, wreche n. morally contemptible person A IV 136; pi. A XII 21; worthless person XIX/XXI403, CII43, VIII 251; pi 1X122, C X 218; pi scoundrels II 195, A II 156, C II 209; un-

happy creatures X 81, XV 601, A XII 24, CXI 61. [OEwrecca] wrecche adj. deep in sin XIII 350, C XIX 330; miserable, wretched C XIII 95. [OE wrecc] wrecched adj. paltry, shoddy I 39, A I 37, X 144, C I 37; miserable, mean XV 142. [fr. prec.] wrecchednesse n. sinful misery C VI 334; evil C XX 353; worthless ends, folly XI 45, CXII2. [ME] wreke v. 1. refl. avenge V 84, A V 67; pp. XX/XXII 204; be ~ of punish II 195, XVIII 390, A II 156, C XX 432. 2. imp.sg. refl. gratify, satisfy IX 186. [OE wrecari] wrighte n. craftsman, artificer XI 349, C XIX 138; carpenter, shipwright X 407, C X I 238; pi X 410 fig. X418; pi C XI 250. [OEwryhta] wryngen v. 1. fig. of laundry wring XIV 18. 2. pa.t.Bsg. grasped, seized VI 175, A VII 160, C VIII 172. 3. abs. pa.t.Bsg. wrung her hands II 239, A II 198, C II 255. [OE wringan] wrynglawe n. surname of a pers. TwistLaw CIV 31. writ n. 1. legal document A II 46; fig. XVII 3, C XIX 19. 2. holy ~ the divinely inspired sacred writings of Christianity Pr 195, A I 70, C Pr 104; fig. XIX/XXI327. [OE] write(n) v. 1. form letters and words, write IX 40; pa.t.Bsg. XI 169, C XIV 37; pp. XVII 15. 2. set down, record in writing XII 102, A III 51, C V 146; pr.t.pl. XX/ XXII 259; pa.t.lsg. XIX/XXI 1; Bsg. A X 109; pp. I 200, A VIII 94, C VIII 239; pp.ellip. in Holy Writ X419; intr. Ill 65, A III 61, C III 69; pr.t.pl XIV 199, C XVI40; keep records CV63. 3. draw up, endite V 242, A VII 77, C VIII 94; pp. XII 261; pa.t.Bsg. drew up and wrote XV 582. 4. compose, write X 180, A XI 132, C XI 120; pa.t.lsg. X 174, A XI 126, C XI 114; pi X 434; intr. pr.t.lsg. XV 489; pa.t.lsg. XIX/ XXI 481; Bsg. XI 394, C XVI 157; pi X345. [OEwritan] writyng ger. writing III 69, A III 60, VIII 43, C XX 356; pi C III 73; written records XIX/XXI 462. [OE writing] wriben see WROJ> v. wrong n. 1. wrongful act, crime IV 139, 238

wrong - yelde(n)

Glossary

101; refl. dir. obj. I 195, II 173, VI 118, A VI 83, VII 110, CV167, 189; as obj. of prep. IV 177, XV 83, A IV 155, C Pr 127, IV 171; w. n. in app. VI 125, VIII 24, A IX 20, C XIX 231; dat. as indir. obj. 12, V295, VI 326, A I 15, 54, C Pr9, 12, 15, 52; w. impers. v. VI 257, XI 291, A V 42, C XIII 105; as formal pi. Ill 347, XIII 185, A IV 155, C VIII 131, 265. 3. gen. as poss. adj. youre, 3our(e) your Pr 76, I 55, A I 54, II 93, C Pr 103, II 122; ~ aller of all of you XIX/XXI471; formal pi. 143, III 52, A III 218, CIII 52. [OEge,eow, eower] ye, 33 adv. 1. answering a q. without negative bias yes III 112, V 251, A V 154, C VII 200, XV 246; expr. assent XV 47, A VI 43, C XIII 245; intro. a consideration VI 37, A VII 38, C V 104, VI 298; emph. a fol. statement X 472, XVII 25, A X 115, C XVI 139. 2. dismissive or sceptical excl. XI 34, 42, C VII 292, XII 75. [OEge,gea] 3edde v. sing, recite A I 138. [OE geddian] yede, 3ede v. pa.t. 1. walked Isg. VII 148, XVI 170; 3sg. XVII 102, A VIII 130; pi. VIII 117, A IX 107, C X 113; 3sg. on bones ~ was alive and active XVIII 305, C XX 337. 2. went, was gone, travelled pa.t.Bsg. XI 234, C XII 123; pi. II 183, XVII 52, A II 144, C XIX 50. 3. went about 2sg. V 496; 3sg. A XI 273, C XII 128; roamed C VII 53; pi. XV 304. 4. passed Isg. A XII 60; 3 sg. XX/XXII 183. 5. went (to an objective) Isg. VI 99, XIII 370, A VII 91, C VI 267; 3sg. XVI 151, XX/XXII 136, C XVIII 168; pi. XIX/XXI4; 3sg. trespassed C XX 314; of a condition Isg. was XX/XXII 2; pi. lived XV 535, C XVII 196; ~ in oure sekte/sute appeared in human form V 496, C VII 136; caitifliche ~ was meanly clothed XI 239, C XII 128; of activity ~ abrood spread over the earth XIV 61, C XV 260; ~ bifore men spoke publicly as a preacher XIII 74; ~ by consorted w. XI 328, C XIII 136; ~ forb wandered on XVIII 3, C XX 3; disappeared XIX/XXI 153, C IV 162; ~ to set about XIII 347, C VI 181. [OE code] yeep, ^ep adj. vigorous 1X185, CXI 177. [OEgeap] yelde(n) v. 1. submit, render VII 194, A

181, A IV 122, C IV 136; pi. infringements of the law X 19, A XI 19, C XIII 75; fault, offence, trespass III 176, A III 163, CIII 222; pers. the devil 163, All 71, C 1 131; sin, evil II 108, A II 19, C II 112; violent crime IV 48, A IV 49, C IV 66; wib ~ unrighteously, sinfully I 128, A I 117, C XIX 236. [LOE wrung] wrong adv. sinfully A X 75, XI 260. [fr. adj.] wrongly adv. unlawfully C III 92. wrob, wroeth adj. wrathful, angry, irate III 331, A X 161, CVI1 77; comp. be ~ C Pr 117. [OEu;ra>] wroj) v. 1. pa.t.Ssg. clenched V 84, A V 67, C VI 66; pp. XVII 177, C XIX 142; wound C VII 163. 2. intr. pp. crept, sneaked, insinuated themselves C IX 260. [OE wrifran] wroberhele n. misfortune, evil fate in phr. wro3t to ~ doomed at creation XIV 121, C XV 297; to ~ manye to the damnation of many A II 20. [OE wrdpre, h<ele\ wrobliche adv. angrily V 84, A V 67. [OE wrdfylice] wurye v. attack and kill C IX 267; pr.t.pl. C IX 227. [OEwyrgan]

X x swee TEN; xxxti see GRITTY.

Y yaf see GYUEN; yald see YELDEN. yarkeb v. pr.t.3sg. prepares VII 80. [OE geardan, LOE gterciari] yarn see RENNEN.yate, 3ate, gate n. gate V 629, 1X82, A VI 114, XI 45, C VII 249, 282; pi. Pr 104, V 594, C II 135, VII 242. [OE geat, get] ye, 36 pron. 2pl. 1. you as subj. of v. Pr 76, A Pr 97, C Pr 96; as pi. of formal address I 138, III 176, A IV 89, VII 116, C I 137, II 18; w. n. in app. Pr 199, 1195, A VII 18, VIII 61, C P r l O l , 217, 219; w. adj. used as n. VIII 94, X 88, A IX 84, C XVI 256, XVII 83. 2. ace. or dat. yow, 3OW, 3011 you: as dir. obj. ofv. Pr 200, I 14, A II 103, IV 1, C I 17, V 142; w.n.inapp. VI 321, VII 187, A III 60, VII 302, C V 1 7 0 , VIII 341; w. adj. used as n. 154, XIV 140, A I 52, C VII 239

yelde(n) - 3acheus

Glossary

VIII 172, C IX 340. 2. pr.subj.sg. repay, requite VI 127, A VII 119, C VIII 133. 3. of a debt or obligation pay back, repay VII 83, XIX/XXI391; pr.t.Bsg. VII 80; abs. borwej) to ~ lives on credit XV 256, C XVI 372; of ill-gotten gains ~ ayein restore V 455, A V 227, C VIII 41; in name of pers. C VI 309; abs. pr.t.2sg. V288, C VI 343. 4. refl. pr.t. Isg. surrender, give up V367, C VI 425; 3sg. XVIII 100; pa.t.3sg. XII 193, C XX 103; prp. II 105, A II 69. [OE geldan] yeme, 3eme n. heed, care, note III 334, C III 486. [QEgieme] 3emen n. pi. responsible servants, yeomen C III 270. [? OE *geaman] cp. yonge men yemere n. administrator XIII 170. [fr. v.] 3ent see YON. yepeliche adv. strenuously XV 188, C XVI 331. [fr. adj.] yerde, 3arde n. 1. rod, staff XII 14, A X 85; pi. sticks IV 117, A IV 103, C I V 112. 2. pi. of measurement yards V212, A V 128; uninfl. C VI 220. [OE gird, gerd] yeres, 3eres n. pi. years Pr 65, A Pr 62, C VIII 344; uninfl. pi. w. num. or time measure V 414, XIII 3, A IV 73, VII 305, C IV 82, V 35; fele ~ long ago XV 231, C XVI 356; inphr. manye ~ years of indulgence VII 18, A VIII 20, C IX 22; years of life in prospect XI 18, C XI 177; gen. sg. inphr. at one ~ ende in due course II 105, A VII 42; lenger ~ loone deferment of date of repayment XX/XXII287; in adv. use sg. II 231, A II 190, C II 241; pi. V 121, A XI 284, C XVI 288. [OEger,gear] yeres3yue, yeresyeue(s), 3eris3iue n. gift given or exacted by custom at the New Year or the beginning of a year of office VIII 52, X 48, A XI 34; pi. Ill 100, A III 89; annuities XIII 184. [ME] yerne, 3erne adv. 1. warmly VI 108, A VII 100; eagerly VI 297, C VIII 319; diligently C VIII 116; shrewdly, sharply C IV 53; earnestly, pressingly IV 74, XX/XXII 287; fast XX/XXII 159; as ~ at once V423, C VII 36. [OEgeorne] yernen v. pr.t.pl. aspire (to), have ambitions (for) XIII 184; pr.subj.sg. desire,

long 135, A I 33, C I 3 3 . [OEgiernan] yerne see RENNEN. yet, 3et, 311, 3ut adv. 1. further, moreover, in addition Pr 211, IV 59, A IV 46, VII 188, CIII 43, IV 55. 2. in comp. even, still IV 161, VII 83, A V 9 5 , C Pr 222, III 210, IV 156. 3. hereafter, at length, in due course III 299, A III 275, C III 452; still I 138, II 1, A I 127, IX 102, C V 35, VI 333; as yet IX 185; to this day, yet III 184, V 399, A III 171, V212, C XIV 198, XVII 182; continually, constantly C XVII48; as modal conj. nevertheless, still, even so Pr 185, I 169, A II 102, IV 21, C III 77, V 94, IX 325. [OE get, git] yeten, y3oten v. pp. formed (as by casting in a mould) 1154, CI150. [OEgeotan] 3euan man's name, Evan: Jig. in allegorical pers. restore-ill-gotten-gains C VI 309. iotten see 3EDE. 3is, 3US adv. yes in answer to question or statement involving a neg. V 126, 634, AV103, CVI91. [OEgise] 3okes«.p/. pairs of oxen C VII 295. yolde pp. adj. exhausted, spent IX 166. [ME fr. yelden] yon, 30116, yond, 3ent adj. yonder, the ... over there, that ... there XVIII 145, C XX 194; over there C XV 130. [OEgeon adj.,geondadv.] yonde, 3ende adv. over there, yonder XVIII 252, C XX 261. [OE geond] yong(e), 3ong adj. young V 35, 1X166, A V 33, C Pr 218; as n. young people IX 205, C X 304; ~ men yeomen, responsible servants III 214, A III 201. [OE geong] iotten see YEDE. youj>e, 3oupe, 3owthe n. youth I 141, A III 89, C VI 240; fig. XV 188, A XII 60, C XVI 331. [QEgeogufi yowself, 3owsylue, 3owsulue(n), your(e)self pron. emph. pi. as unsupported subj. you yourselves V 42, XVI 122, C IV 187; ace. your own selves X 278, XVI 123, C VIII 14; as refl. obj. Pr 201, C Pr216. TME1

z 3acheus n. Zacheus (Lk 19) 240