ASJASVARINSKA
LatvieSu valoda MACIBUKURSS NODARBIBAM
Latvian lessons in 25
Ab( tr zvACZnt
SATURS.- TABLE OF CONTENTS. PriekSvãrds.- Foreword. 1. nodarbíbo.Latvieóualfabets.- The Latvian Alphabet..............6 ............8 Kas tas (tá, tie, tãs) ir? .............. 2. noda.rbíbo. ........74 3. nodarbtba.Yieta un laiks: kur?, kad?,cikos? 4. nodarbtbo.Kas es esmu?Kas man ir? .,....................................19 .....................23 5. nodarblbo.Mana gimene 6. nodarbtba. Es dzivoju Rigã, studeju Latvijas Universitãtë, ......................27 bet vël nerunàjulatviski ...............31 7. nodarbíbo.Müsu mája .......... .......................,.,..35 8. nodarbíbo.Ko tu dari?TieÉaispapildinãtájs ...,......38 9. nodarbíbo.Kafejnica,restorãns 10. nodq.rbíóo.Es eju uz universitáti, un es náku ............42 no universitãtes. Ko dara citi? ..........46 11.nodarblbo.IepirkSanãs............ ............50 12. nod.arbíbo.Gadalaikiun laiks Latvijã....... ..............54 13. nodarbíbo.Mácit un mácities ............60 IepazTáanás............. 14. nodq.rbíba. .............64 75. nodarbíbo.Cilvèks 16. nodq.rbíba.Kasjums patik/nepatik, garËo/negaréo, .......67 sáp/nesáp? ...........7L 17. nodarbíóo.Sarunas ..................75 18.nodarbtóo.Smiekliir vislabãkãszãles .................78 RTga un Vecriga. 19. nodarbíba. ..........82 20. nod.a.rbïóo. Veseligsdzivesveids ....................88 Kas ir, un kã tev nav? 21. nodarbíbq. tev .........90 22. nodarbíbo.Mës braucamviesos....:............... par gribu pastãstit .............94 Esjums ... 23.nod.arbíba. 99 ....... :................., 24. nodarbtbo.Mans draugsvai mana draudzene jús 101 .................. 25. nodarbíbo.Ko esatizdarijis/-usi? ........-..106 Pieliltums: ................106 Lietvárdugalotnes ...............107 Prievãrdulietojums 108 IpaÈibasvãrdu un apstãkfavárdu salidzinàmãspakápes............ .....................109 Darbibasvãrds.1. konjugâcija...............
PRIEKSVARDS Pasauleir apmëram 6000 valodu, un valodu daudzveidibair viens no nãkotnes problëmu aspektiem. Intensivã iedzivotãju pãrvietoËanãs ir radijusi jaunu valodassituãciju,un ir prieks, ka daudzi latvie5u valodu uzskata par bagãtinãÈanásavotu un vèlasto apgut. Tã vi4iem ir ne tikai savaskompetencespierãdijums darba tirgu, bet ari cie4as apliecinãjums. Si grãmata ir tapusi, strãdãjot ar ãrvalstu studentiem LU Valodu centrã. Tã paredzëtadarbam grupã skolotãja vadibã, bet tikpat labi to var izmantot ari individuãlãm studijãm. Tajã dominë lietiÉt
par atgïiezeniskajiemdarbibasvãrdiem) bútu ipaËijãpielãgo atlases veidã katras grupas individuãlajãm prasibãm. Tomër uzskatu, ka vietumis ir nepiecieéamsinformativs pãrskats, jo Ëis grãmatas uzdevumsir parãdit vienkopus svarigãkolatvieéuvalodasgramatiskajã sistèmã, lai pëc tam Éis pamatzinãÉanasvarëtu likt lietã, no atseviÉlriemvãrdiem, frãzèm, teikumiem kã no liegelióiem katram paÉam búvéjot savu máju - stãstijumu par sevi, saviem draugiem, savãm studijãm, interesëm un iespaidiem,isãk sakot, par savu dzivi. Asja Svarinska, LU Valodu centra lehtore
FOREWORD There are approximately 6.000 languagesin the world and the great variety of languagesis one aspect of future problems. A new language situation has been createdby an intense increasein newcomers.It is a joy that many of them consider Latvian a source of enrichment and want to master it. This is not simply a proof of their competencebut also an acknowledgementof respect. The book was developedworking with foreigners in the LU Language Centre. It is intended for group work with a teacher's guidance but is equally useful for independent study. A communicative approachto the languageis dominant - there is no deepresearchof grammar and language characteristics. This textbook consists of 25 lessons,so structured that the reader,mastering the most essential grammar concepts,can practisethem in the related exercisesand then use them in daily situations. SinceEnglish is used as the intermediary languagefor the lessons, translations are given in the book, either in the text or in the vocabulary attachedto eachlesson.It is recommendedto compile one's own vocabulary collection, constantly complementing the acquired subjectwith words and phrasesneeded. The book has a supplement - a gïammar summary, which can serve as a base for further study of Latvian. In compiling this textbook,the experienceof local and foreign textbook writers and languagemethodologyas well as the experienceof the author in the LU LanguageCentre, testing these teaching materials in practice have been used. Asja Svarinska, LU Language Centre lecturer
1. NODA R B I B A
LATVIESUALFABETS. THE LATVIANALPHABET. Letters Example
Approximate pronuncíation
A a à a B b Cc ÕO D d Dz dz Dú dú, E e n e F f Gg ç g
galds(table),galva (head) mãte (mother), mãsa (sister) brãlis (brother),balts(whìte) cití (others),cefot (to trauel) éetri (four), óeks (check) diena (day), darit (to do) dzert (to drinh), dzlve (life) dadi:i (thistle), dí,emperisÇumper) 1) es (1),2) esmu (I am) 1) èst (lo eaí),2) tëvsfather) foto (photo),filma (mouie) galds (table), gads Qear) gimene (family), gitãra @uitar)
but, sun father, car big, butter cats child, church day buds jump 1) egg, 2) bad 1) chair, 2) flat fun, find good, give (anintermediarybetween
H h Ii ii Jj Kk
humors (humour), himna (hymn) silts (warm), ilgt (long) iss (sàorl), tris (three) jauns Qoung), jüs (yoa) kãja (leg), kafija (coffee) kakis (cat), \ermenrs (body)
hello, half tip, sit feet, three yes, you king (no aspiration)
-g- and paìatal -d-)
I I
I I
Kk L I I/ I M m N n N + Oo P R S S
p r s s
labs (€'ood),lampa (lamp) ]audis (people),lotì (uery) mate (mother), maja (house) nazis (hnife), nakts (niqht) +emt (to take) 1) ola (egg),logs (window) 2) foto (photo),3)opera (opera) putns (bírd), puika (lod) roka (hqnd, arm), RTga suns (dog), seja (face) Éeit(here),éis (táls)
(voiceÌesscounterpart of á) lamp, look million milk, main night, no new 1) wallet, 2) rob 3) oil, more pen, pencil brogue (no aspiration) seven, sit she, shoe
Tt Uu üu Vv Zz
zn
tëvs (fqther), tagad (now) uguns (fire), upe (riuer) údens (water) vecs(old), visi (all) zeme(eq.rth),záles (medícine) í,el (pity), Zurnáls (iourn'al)
ten, tall (no aspiration) look, put food, fool vote, vine zero, lazy pleasure
Diphtongs ai au
ei
is pronouncedlike English fine; tnáir" (bread),bailes (fear fright), laime (happiness) is pronouncedlike English ãorl; jaiks (fine, nice), LauLa(nation) , augsts (high), auksts (cold), draugs (friend) is pronouncedlike English PreY: meita (daughter),Eiropa, h,leita'(dtess)
no counterpart in English: puika (boy,lad) s [uol ola (egd, skola (school),Iogs (window), soma (bag) is pronouncedlike English ear; ie ,rriugt (snow), íet (to go), iela (street, road), ieeja (entran'ce), liepã (tim e-tr ee), latvieíu valoda (the L atui an I ang uag e)
ui
signoverand underthe letters! the addiÌional Observe signfor g, [<,l, !i 1) palatalization 2) signÍor ch,sh,voicedsh = ë, é, à; of thevowelsã, ë, i, ú. 3) signÍor lengthening stress is usuallyon the firstsyllable:grãmata(book),es nelasu(l am not (afte rnoon). reading),pecpusdiena Lasiet! Pievèrsiet uzmanibu õaurajai e, é ska4ai (A) un platajai e, é ska+ai (B). Read. Pay attention to the pronunciation of e, e sound' à n, è - dëstit,veseliba,redzësi,sédésim,eglei,sênei,cëIiens,seja, saule,priede, es, bet, ne, Ëu"ce,cefÉ,ritenis, méÌe, meús,bezgaligs, në, pec, nest, vest, èst, audzët, mácët, zrmët, meklët, peldet, sëdet, teátiis, kamene,tëvija, \ede, drèbnieks,ne!!e, nedefa,mërlfis' spëlet, skatuve,vãvere, okeãns,te, Éeit,sekunde,dzert, slepes,dejot, medit, debesis,egle,elle, ekonomika,eksámens,eksperiments,êdnÍca,eksistence
E E, é - deÌna, ëna, retums, véstule, ledú, vetrains, tèlot, telpa, Zèlot, vësture, vecãki, ènains, ezerà,gleznains, uznèmums, vëtra, galvenais,peldus, elkonis, cena, sekot, vedekla, vésãks, sega, dels, sëdus,elpa,esma,metu, sens,senatne,peÌni, esmu, ëka Standardphrases Sveiks! Sveiki! Labdien! Labrit! Labvakar! Uz redzëSanos! Piedodiet! Atvainojiet! Nekas, lúdzu! Paldies! Lúdzu! Labprãt! Diemàël Kã tevi (iüs) sauc? Kãds ir tavs 0üsu) vãrds?
Hellol How do you do! (meeting) Good-byel(parting) Gooddayl Goodmorning! Goodevening! Good-byelSo Ìong! Excuseme! I beg your pardon! I am sorry! That is all right! Thanks! Pleasel Gladly, with pleasure. unfortunateÌy; I am afraid What is your name?
one shouldrememberthat thereare 2 Íorms oÍ the personalpronounyou - tu (the singularform) and lús (the pluralÍorm). Hotel Youuse Íu when addressinga personyou know well or a child,butps f I whefì addressinga person,who is not familiarwith you or is older than you.
2. NODARBIBA
KAS TAS (TA, TIE, TAS)tR? Singular
Kas tas ir? (What is that?)
-f:ìÉ-\il "@
lll ïtìlJ
tu
*
Tas ir galds. Vai tas ir gaÌds?Já, tas ir galds. (Nè, tas nav galds.)
Kas tas ir? Tas ir logs. Vai ... ... galds?Nè, tas ir logs.Bet kas tas Jà, ... ...... . (Nè, ... ... ... .)
Kas tas ir? Tas ir vecs ZurnãÌs, meÌns ka\is, celõ, tèvs,
M
labs draugs, liels kugis, jauns pulkstenis, ledus, liels tirgus, saÌdsmedus.
/r7-/ / à. ^ Kas tã ir? LÏ'W Tã ir grãmata. Vai tã ir grãmaLa?Jâ, tã ìr
w
grãmata. Nê, tã nav ... . Kas tã ir? Ta ir veca vãrdnica. Vai ... ... ... jauna, nevis veca vãrdnica. Kas tã ir? Ta ir mája, mãsa, laba draudzene, liela lampa, garSiga sëne, smarZiga pube, garÈiga zemene, üP€, jüra, sirds, uguns. In Latvianthere are two genders.Masculinenouns in the nominativecase, singular,end in -s/-5,-is or -us. Femininenounshaveendings-a, -e or sometimes -s. There are six cases in Latvian.The nominativecase answersthe questionwhat?/who?
!
Note: ln Latvianthere is no differencebetweenwhat and who - kas is useq Íor both - personsand things. Kas tas ir? Tas ir Jãnis. Kas tas ir? Tas ir galds. Kas tã ir? Tã ir meitene. Kas tã ir? Ta ir grãmata.
Plural
Kas tie ir?
Tie ir galdi, log., veci Zurnãli, lieli koki, ka\i, cefi, tëvi, labi draugi, lieli kugi, jauni pulkste4i, lieli tirgi.
Kas tãs ir?
Tás ir grámatas, vãrdnrcas, mãtes,
draudzenes, senes, zemenes, upes,
júras, vecaslampas, gudras meitenes, sirdis, govis. 10
w1
*' s
ta
Kas tur (there) ir? Tur ir ... Thereis not a fixedwordorderin Latvian. Thewordorderin a sentence can be changed. but - to be Present - Tagadne
Í
Past - Pagãtne
es tu vi4È ti1ra
esmu (I am) esi ir ir
es tu vi4Ë vi4a
mes jüs vi4i vinas
esam esat ir ir
mës bijãm jüs bijãt vi4i bija vir,rasbija
Future - Nãkotne
biju (I was) es biji tu bija vi4É bija vi4a mes jús vi4ri vi4as
búÉu (I shall be) búsi büs bús búsim büsit, büsiet büs büs
Note! To be has the same Íorm Íor the 3d personsingularand the 3d person
a plur al.
The Presentinterrogativeand riegativeforms. Vai es esmu? (Am l?) Vai tu esi? (Areyou?)
Es neesmu. (l am not.) Tu neesi. (Youare not.) eïc.
L2
Atbildiet uz jautãjumiem! Answer the questions. Kas jús esat?Es esmu students/studente. Vai jús esat vãcietis?Jã, es esmu vãcietis. Es esmu no Vácijas. Vai jüs esatvãciete?Nê, es neesmuvãciete,es esmu somiete.Es esmu no Somijas.Mani sauc... . Mans vãrds ir ... . Transferring a Íoreignplacenameinto Latvian, very oftenan ending-a is addedto the wordendinoin a consonant: London- Londona.Stockholm Stokholma. The use of suffixis verv common in the word Íormation.
Countries:-ii-a Latvija Krievija Spãnija
latvietis krievs spãnis
Lansuaees:-isk-i Ìatviski krieviski spãniski
Nationalities: -iet-is (masc.);-iet-e (fem.) latviete krieviete spãniete
Atbildiet uz jautãjumiem! Answer the questions. No kãdasvalstsjüs esat?Kãda ir jüsu nacionalitãte?Kãdã valodãjüs runãjat? Es runãju ... (I speak...) Kas vi4É ir? Kas vi4a ir? Kãds vi45 ir? Kãda vi4a ir? Kãdi mës esam? Kãds ir Éisjautãjums? Interesants - neinteresants.Labs - slikts. Vãrdnica.- Vocabulary. avize, laikraksts ãurnáls brãlis un mãsa brãlens, mãsÍca draugs un draudzene meitene un zens mãte un têvs jautãjums jüra un upe ledus medus nevis tikai
newspaper journal, magazine brother and sister cousin friend and girl-friend, playmate girl and boy mother and father question sea and river ice honey not only 13
tirgus uguns (fem)
market fire
balts bruns dzeltens melns sarkans za!õ zils
white brown yellow black red gTeen blue
gar5rgs - negaróigs: tasty - nasty labs - slikts: good - bad mazs - liels: smaÌI, little - big skaists - neglrts: beautiful - ugly vecs - jauns: old - new, young smaràigs
smelling, aromatic
3. NODARBIBA
VIETAUN LAIKS:KUR?,KAD?,CIKOS? )
///
ò
V ì-
)
22
".N
Kur ir galds?Galdsir Éteít(here).Istabã.Kur ir studenti?Auditorijã' Kur ir ãboli? Veikalã vai (or) tirgar. T4
The locativecase indicatesplace or time. Singularlocativecase endingsal-
havea longvowel. 'urays Kur ir logs? Logs ir te (here),bet koks ir tur (there).Kur ir koki? Koki ir parkã. Kad ir auksti? Ziema ir auksti. Kad ir karsti? Vasarã. Lietvãrdu galotnes lokativã. The Locativeendings of nouns. 1. dekl.
Lok
viensk. (sg.)
-a
daudzsk. -os
2. dekl.
3. dekl.
4. dekl.
5. dekl.
6. dekl.
-l
-Ìt
-a
-e
-l
-os
-os
-ãs
-ës
-rs
(pt.) Piemeram: 1. tèvã - tevos 2. brãh - bráJos 3. tirgu - tirgos
4. mãsã - mãsãs 5. mãté - mãtés 6. ugunÍ - ugunis
Kur ir studenti? Vi4i ir ... (Latvija, mãja, universitáte, parks, dzivoklis, trolejbuss, tramvajs, automa5ina, meZs, veikals, tirgus, teátris, izstãde,muzejs, ku{"is,kinozãle, pils (fem.- castleor palace; loc. - pili), valsts (fem.),skapis,koks, kafejnica,ëdnica,gulta, virtuve, Ìekcija, nodarbiba) Kas ir pfavã?Pfavã ir pu\<e.(There is a flower in the meadow.) Kur ir puÌ,.e?Pu[re ir pJavá.(The flower is in the meadow.) Kas ir kokos?Putni (birds). Kur ir putni? ... Uzmanibu!Nesajauciet! Attention!Don'tmix it up! Cík (how muchlhow many): viens brãlis, viena mãsa, divi brá|i, divas mãsas,tns brã!i, trrs mãsas,õetri brã!i, òetras mãsas,pieci ..., piecas ..., se5i,... septi4i,... asto4i, ... devi4i, ... desmit,vienpadsmit, divpadsmit, trispadsmit, òetrpadsmit, piecpadsmit, seÈpadsmit, septi4padsmit, astoqpadsmit, devi4padsmit, divdesmit, divdesmit viens ..., divdesmitviena ...,trisdesmit, õetrdesmit,piecdesmit simt/simts. Cikos (at what time): vienos, divos, trijos, õetros, piecos no ríta, ... desmitos, vienpadsmitos,trispadsmitos, vienos d,iena,... vienos nah,tí...,pusnaktí, pusdesmitos,pusdivos... 15
Ievietojiet pareizo vãrdu! Put in the right word. Kas /as ir? ... ir tevs. Kas ... ir? ... ir lampas. Kas ... ir? ... ir mãte. Kas ... ir? ... ir mãja. Kas ... ir? ... ir ku$s. Kas ... ir? ... ir kafi. Kas ...ir? ... ir koks. Kas ... ir? ... ir sënes. Kas ...ir? ...ir studenti. Kas...ir?... irjüra. Kas...ir?... irpuika. Kas... ir?... irpu\e. Lietojiet lietvardu lokativã! Use the right noun in the locative case. istaba, slimnica Kur ir tevs?VilÉ ir istaba. mája, veikals, pfava Kur ir lampa?Tá ir ... pagalms,bibliotëka,meZs Kur ir suns?Vi4Ë ir ... skola, tirgus, virtuve, plaukts Kur ir mãsa?Vi4a ir ... grâmata? Tã ir ... skapis,grãmatveikals,koks Kur ir darbs (worlz,job), staclja, Riga Kur ir skoloiãja?Vi4a ir ... Tulkojiet latviski! Translate into Latvian. Father is old. Mother is good. Here is my sister. There is a table in the room. That flower is blue. Sister is at home. That is a house.The table is here. Father is in the meadow.The flower is in the grass (zale).The house is old. That is an old house. That is a table. The table ir small. Who is there? - Father is there. Who is good?- Sister is good.Where is mother? - Mother is at home. What is there? - A table. What colour is the bag?- The bag is brown. Who is your friend? - Jãnis is my friend. There was a table in the room yesterday.- Was there a table in the room yesterday?What was there in the room yesterday?Where was the table yesterday?When was there a table in the room? Lietojiet vãrdus pareizajã formá! Put the words in the right form. Kur ir lekcija?Lekcija rr
(universitáte). Kur
ir rentgens?Rentgensrr
(poliklinika). Kur
ir avizes?Avizes ir
(kiosks). Kur ir konfe-
rence?Konferenceir
(institúts). Kur ir pase?
Paseir
(policija). Kur tu esi? Es esmu (auditorija). Kur jüs esat?Es esmu 16
Kur ir ársts?Ãrsts
Kur ir Pêteris?VinÉ ir ir -
(reéistratúra). Kur ir kafejnica?Kafejnica
lr
(Sarlotesiela). Kur mês esam?Més esam (Latvija, Latvijas Universitáte, Medicinas
fakultáte, pirmais (loh.: pirmajo) kurss). Kcrsvai hur? Jautãjietl Who or where? Ask. Teátri ir kafejntca. - Kas ir teâtri? Ceks ir kase. - Kur ir õeks? Parkã ir fotogrãfs. Vi4i ir lekcijá. Tirgu ir banãni. Àboh un bumbieri ari ir tirgú. PasaZieriir trolejbusã. Arste ir kabinetã. Es esmu klase. Stüres iela ir Rigã. Dekanãts ir Sarlotes ielá. Slimnica ir Pârdaugavá.Pãrdaugavã ir studentu kopmitnes. Parveidoj iet sievieÕudzimtë! Change into the feminine gender. Piemeram: Vir,róir labs draugs. - Vi4a ir laba draudzene. Mums ir jauns ãrsts. - Mums ir ... Vai tavs kolëgis ir talantigs? - Vai ... Júsu pacientsir optimists.- Jüsu ... Vi4É ir jautrs students.- ... Kalnir,rakungs ir labs lektors. - ... Músu skolotãjsir gudrs.- Músu ... Mans brãlis ir õakls,vi4É nav slinks. - ... Man ir labi draugi. - Man ir ... Vir,rabrálens ir slims. - ... - ... Müsu profesorsir jauns un neprecëjies. Slimnicã ir jauns $irurgs. - ...
14 LI
VãrdnÌca. - Vocabulary. vieta un laiks dzlvoklis istaba skapis plaukts virtuve ãbols un bumbieris edrr- ca kopmitne pagalms veikals õeks valsts pase stacija teãtris izstãde muzejs kino, kinozãIe meàs automaõrna biblioteka re{'istratúra slimnica ãrsts {rirurgs puika suns
place and time flat room wardrobe shelf kitchen apple and pear eating-house hostel yard shop cheque,check state passport station theatre exhibition museum cinema forest, wood car library registry,reception hospital doctor surgeon boy,Ìad dog
jautrs - bèdigs: cheerful, merry - sad gudrs - mufkrgs: wise, clever - foolish slims - vesels: sick - heaÌthy precëjies - neprecéjies, precejusies - neprecèjusies (fem.)zmarried - unmarried
18
4. NODARBIBA
KAS ES ESMU?KAS MAN IR?
Tã ir DZeina,bet tas ir Tarzãns. Es esmu Dàeina,bet tu esi Tarzãns. Es esmu ..., bet vi4é ir ... . Kajús sauc?Un kãds ir jüsu vãrds? Es esmu ... . Mani sauc... . Mans vãrds ir ... . loti patikami. (Gtad.to meetyou.) Kã tev (jums) iet?lKà tev Qums)kÌãjas? (How are you?) bút (piederet) - to have Apgalvojuma
forma. - Affirmative.
Tagadne - Present
man tev vir,ram vi4ai mums jums viniem vi4ám
Pagãtne - Past
1r (I haue) man ir tev ir vinam ir vi4ai ir mums jums ir ir vi4iem ir vi4ãm
bija (I had) bija bija bija bija bija bija bija
Nâkotne - Future
man tev vi4am vi4ai mums jums vi4iem vi4ãm
bús í1 shall haue) büs bús büs bús büs büs büs
J aut ãjum au n n o l i e g u m aÍo rma s . The Present interrogativeand negativeforms.
Vai man ir? (Do I have?) Vai tev ir? (Do you have?)
Man nav. (I don't have.) Tev nav. (You don't have.) etc 19
Tulkojiet! Translate. Man ir draugs.Vi4u saucJãnis. Man ir labi draugi. Es esmu studente Latvijas Universitãte Medicinas fakuÌtãtè. Mani draugi ari ir studenti. Mums ir nodarbibaslatvieÈuvalodá.Mums ir ari citas lekcijas. Vai jums ir labi draugi? Man Ëodienir lekcija anatomijá. Vai tev ari õodienir lekcijas? Ievietojiet darbibas vardu bút pareizajâ formã! Insert the right form of the verb bút. 1. Es -
Mãrite. 2. Yaijüs -
3. Tas
Alekss. 4. Vi45
profesors Kalni4Ë? mans draugs. 5. Vai
jüs -
Latvijã agrãk? 6. Mës driz 7. Nesentu vel mãjãs. 8. vai jüs jau -
9. vai jús -
sigulda?
no Indijas? 10. vai jums -
dzimtene?11. Es
15. Es nekad
draugi
auditorijã. 12.Vi4a
donas. 13. No kurienes
no Lon-
hfl L4. Kur privãtskoÌotãja.16. Es driz
2. kursa studente. 17. Vai vinó
stacija?
students?Nè, vinS
students. 18. Vai es _
tu
Jürmalã.
piektajã auditorijã? Ne,
piektajã auditorijã. Si
6. auditorija.
türists, bet es
gide. 20. Jums
19 .cJUS
lekcija,bet man Pëteris
brivdiena. 2lYaiJãnis un
draugi? Jã, vi4i skolâ, jo vi4ai paÈlaik
valodã. 23. Mes lekcijas anatomijã.
draugi. 22. yi4a nodarbibas latvieËu
universitãtë, jo mums tagad _
20
Uzrakstiet vãrdus nominativã (daudzsk.) un lokativã (viensk. un daudzsk.)! Write the words in the nominative case (plural) and in the locative case (singular and plural).
Nominativs Viensk. (sg.) tevs meita gimene
Lokativs
Daudzsk. (pI.)
Viensk. (sg.)
Daudzsk. (pl.)
tëui
teua
teuos
dels mãja parks iela sieva virs sirds (sieu.dz.) upe pilsëta kugis jüra brãlis mása ce|Ë tirgus vaÌsts (sieu.dz.) draugs Kas? (what?): pirmdiena (Monday), otrdiena (Tuesday),treÉdiena (Wednesd ay), ceturtdiena (Th ur sd ay), piektdiena (Fr id,ay),sestdiena (Saturday), svetdiena (Sunday), dzimËanasdiena (birthday), janváris, februãris, marts, aprilis, maijs,jünijs, jülijs, augusts,septembris, oktobris, novembris, decembris
Kad? (when?): pirmdien, otrdien, treÈdien. ceturtdien, piektdien, sestdien, svétdien, dzimÉanas dienã, janvãri ... etc. Cardinal numerals: viens (1), divi (2), tris (B),õetri (4), pieci (5) , etc. Ordinal numerals: pirmais/-ã (1.), otrais/-a (2.), treÉais/_ã(3.). ceturtais/-ã (4.),piektais/-ã (5.),etc. Lasiet! Read.
Nãkamreiz mums büs 5. nodarbiba.Tas ir 1. variants. Kur ir B. stãvs? Kur ir 340. telpa? Kãds datums ir Éodien?Sodien ir ... ... . Kur ir 11.trolejbuss?viqrËir 8. pretendents.Man ir 2 mãsas.Mana 2. valoda ir anglu. Man ir 6 zimufi: f . ir zils, 2. ir zalé,8. ir sarkans, 4. ir dzeltens,5. ir brüns, 6. ir melns.Jums ir 2 lampas:l. ir maza,bet2. ir liela. 13. septembris,19. septembris,25. oktobris, 15. marts, 81. decembris,21. novembris,21 students,21 studenteetc. Lietojiet pareizo galotni! Use the right ending. Sie aboh ir dãrg-. Si, ,e-"r.es ir Ìet--. Medus ir garÈig-.Slimnicã ir jaun- nodaf- un jaun!irurg-. Slimniekam ir normãl- temperatúr_. Meitenei ir is- mati. vi4ó ir gudr- ãrst-. vi4a ir õakr-student-. Ilzei ir gar-- kãj--. Ãrstam ir gar-- üs--. Tirgu ir sald- un skáb- ãbol-. Uzrakstiet vardus ar pretëju nozimi! Write the opposites. Iss vecs -
Gara jauna -
, tievs
, Ìabs -
, prrecrgs-
skaists -
, pesimistisks-
interesants-
tirs -
neprecejies-
resna -
slikta -
, bèdiga -
, optimistiska -
neglita neÌnteresanta -
, netrra
, precèjusies-
22
Vãrdnica.- Vocabulary. paõlaik nãkamreiz, nãkoóreiz agrãk datreíz õodien tagad vakar un aizvakar nt un parit nedéfa menesis gads $imene vrrs un sieva meita un dèls vecmãmi4a un vectèvs mazmeita un mazdels mati úsas kãja roka zrmulis
now,just now next time before, earlier sometimes today now, at present yesterdayand the day before yesterday tomorrow and the day after tomorrow week month year family husband and wife daughter and son grandmother and grandfather granddaughterand grandson hair moustache leg hand pencil
dãrgs - lëts: expensive- cheap iss - garó: short - long salds - skãbs: sweet - sour tievs - resns: thin, slim - stout, fat priectgs - bêdrgs: glad,joyful - sad, sorrowful tlrs - netirs: clean - unclean, dirtY 5. NODARBIBA
MANAçIMENE Man ir laba $mene. Mana gimeneir liela. Lük, Éajáattëlá (sk. 24. lpp.) ir mana ["imene!Te mës visi esamkopã. Tã ir mana mãte. Vi4u sauc Anna. Tas ir mans tevs. Vi4u saucJuris. Mana máte ir mãjsaimniece, bet mans tévs ir ársts. Vi4É ir foti aiz4.emts,vi4É strádã slimnicã, vi+É ir kirurgs. Bet tã ir mana vecmãmiqa.Vi4as vãrds ir Aina. Vi4a
23
ir pensionãre. Agrãk vi4a bija skolotãja. VectétiTËir Jánis. Jãnis Latvijã ir Joti populãrs vãrds. Vi4é ari ir pensionãrs.Kãdreiz (once) vili bija jürnieks. Lúk, te ir mana mãsa un vinas virs! Vili ir precejuÉies,un viniem ir divi berni. Manas mãsas virs Pëteris nestrãdã.VigSpaélaikir bezdarbnieks.DaZreizvi4È strãdã dàrzà,bet vi4É nav dãrznieks. Darbs darzà ir viça hobijs. Mana mãsa Maija ir Pëtera sieva.Pêteris ir vinas virs. Maija ir energiskaun gudra. Vi4u bèrni ir Ieva un Andris. Andris ir skolnieks,bet Ieva iet bernudãrzã. Mans brãlis Imants ari ir õakls, vi4É nav slinks. Vir,rËir arhitekts. Mana gimene ir lieliska. Tã ir draudziga gimene. Imants ir mans vecãkaisbrális, bet man ir ari jaunãkais brãlis. Vi4é, tãpat kã vectëvs, ari ir Jãnis. Vi4am ir seÈpadsmitgadu, un vir,rÉstude koledíà. Mani brã|i, tãpat kã es,nav precejuéies.Imantam ir ligava, bet vi4as éeit attelã nav. Sajá attelã ir ari müsu suns Reksis. Músu suns nav dusmigs,vi4È ir draudzigs. 24
Sakiet,lúdzu, cik cilvèku ir müsu gimenë!Cikbérnu ir müsu gimenë? cik cilveku ir manas másasgimenë?cik cilvéku ir júsu gimenë?Ká saucjüsu $menes locekfus?Kas vi4i ir? vai jums ir bráléni un màsicas?Kur paÉlaik ir jüsu vecãki?Vai jums ir vecvecáki? veidojiet jautãjumus! Make questions. 1. Tas ir tevs. Kas vi+É ir? Vai vi4é ir júsu têvs? 2. Tá ir mãte. 3. Sis ir skolotájs. 4. Tas ir galds. 5. Tã ir meitene,bet tas ir zëns. is declinedto agreewiththe noun.lt takesthe samegender, The adjective endingsarethesame adjective numberandcaseasthenoun.The(indeÍinite) and Íemininenouns.vecs ir deas Ìhosefor the mostcommonmasculine is declinedas the noungramata' clinedas the noun galds.Veca Veidojiet j autãjumus vai atbildes! Make questions or aÌlswers' 1. Kãds Sodienir laiks? 2. Músu gimene ir |oti jauka. 3. Mana mãsa ir loti skaista. 4.Kada ir jüsu mája? 5. Kãds éodienir datums? 6. Grámata ir interesanta. 7. Káds ir júsu garastàvoklis?(mood, spirits) 8. Kãdá kràsá ir rozes? 9. Kádi ir júsu mãcibu PriekÉmeti? 10. Ekonomika ir |oti grúts mãcibu priekómets. 11. Mája ir liela. ... Vai tá ir jauna, ueca,augsta' zetrlqmãja? 12. Istaba ir plaóa un erta. 13. Logs ír plats un /írs. 14. Cik ir pulkstenis? 15. Cik tev (jums) ir gadu? 16. Cikos ir músu nodarbiba? 17. Cik ir pieci un òetri? 18. Vai divi un tris ir õetri? 19. Vai jüs esat dusmigs? 20. Vai jús jau esat ársti? 21. Kádi jums ir mãjdzivnieki? 22. Medicinas fakultátë ir daãádimácibu priekémeti' 23. Universitátë stude studenti no Eiropas. 25
Dialogs. - Dialogue.
- Labdien, Anna! - Sveiks,Jãni! - Anna, iepazistiesar manu draugu Juri. - Priecãjos,Juri. - Si ir mana draudzeneIlze. - Patikami iepazities. - Kã tev iet? (Ká tev klãjas?) - Paldies,Ìabi. - Un tev? - Paldies,var iztikt.
- Hello, Anna! - Hello, Janis! - Anna, meet my friend Juris. -
Pleasedto meetyou, Juris. This is my friend Ilze. (It's) nice to nteetyou. How are you? Thanh you, fine. And you? Thank you, I'm all right (not so bad).
f ruotetDidyou noticethatbothKã tev(jums)iet?andKa tev(jums)ktàjas?are as "Howareyou?". o translated Labrit, Kalni4a kungsl (Janis Kalni4É. Kalni4a kungs. For polite introduction (rre used the words: kungs - Mr. and kundze - Mrs., Miss jaunkundze:Kalni4a kundzeMrs . Kalniryais Mn KalniryÉ'wife (sieva). Virs - husband.) Kã jums klãjas? - Man klájas labi, paldies! - Si ir mana sieva Ieva Kalni4a. - Lúdzu, iepazistietiest.(Please,make acquaintqnce.)- Priecãjos!
Vãrdnica.- Vocabulary. lúk! viss, visi kopã mãjsaimniece foti aiznemts vi4õ strãdã bezdarbnieks dãrzs un dãrznieks júra un júrnieks
look! there! all together housekeeper very busy he works, he is working unemployed garden and gardener sea and sailor 26
skolnieks, skolniece vecãkais un jaunãkais ligava un ligavainis vecãki. vecvecãki gimenes locekfi mãjdzivnieki laiks mãcibu priekómets tãpat kã sacit (sakiet!) priecãjos lielisks
pupil older and younger bride and bridegroom parents, grandparents members of family pets time; weather subject just (as) to say,to tell (say!tell!) I am gìad ídelighted). excellent
draudzlgs - dusmrgs: friendly - angry jauks - nejauks: nice - bad, nasty,ugly augsts - zems: high - low plaõs - õaurs: wide, broad - narrow
6. NODARBIBA
ES DZIVOJURiCÃ, STUDËJULATVIJASUNIVERSITÃTË, BETVËL NERUNÃJU LATVISKI Darbibas vãrds. - The Verb. 1. konjugãcija pirkt - to buy 4emt - to tq,l?,e dzert - to drinh, ëst - to eat
2. konjugãcija -o-, -ã-, -e-, -i-, -ü-
3. konjugãcija -á-, -è-,-i-, -inã-
dzivot - to liue, celot to trauel,lidot - to fly strãdãt - to worlz,maksãt to pay, runãt - to speak, jautãt - to ask, domãt to thinh,, mazgat - to wash meklet - to loolz/or spëlet to play, zlmeL - to draw, medrt - to hunt dabút - to get
dziedãt, gribet, dallt, sveicinãt
27
dzivot - to li've Tagadne
Pagãtne
Nãkotne
Es dzivoju Tu dzivo VinÉ t I ozrvo )
dzivoju dzivoji
dzivoÈu dzivosi
dzivoja
dzivos
Màs Jús Vini ì i v lnas )
dzivojam dzivojat
dzivojãm dzívojãt
dzivosim dzTvositldzlvosiet
dzivo
dzivoja
dzivos
vlnd
Kur jüs dzivojat? Kur jús dzivojãt pagãjuÉajãgadã?Kur dzivo jüsu vecãki? Kur jús dzïvosiet Ëajãgadã?Kur jüs driz lidosiet? Kad jüs celosiet uz Igauniju (Estonia)? Kur jüs strãdãjat? Kur strãdã jüsu másasun brâ]i? Kur jüs strãdãsietSoziem?Cik maksã maizeLatvijã? Cik maksã Ìidojums uz Latviju? Kur futbolisti spëlefutbolu? Vai jús spëlèjat Éalnu(chess)?Vai jüs spéÌèjat klavieres? Vai jús runãjat Ìatviski? Kãdá valodãjüs runãjat? Kur dzivo igau4i un ÌietuvieÉi?Vai jüs studejat latüe5u valodu?Kur jüs studëjat?Vai jús domãjat studet par ãrstu? Veidojiet teikumus pêe dotajiem piemèriem! Make sentences following the patterns. Es esmu no Latvijas. Es esmu latvietis. Es dzivoju un studëju Rigã. Es runãju latviski.
Tagad es
Rigã.
Tu - Anglija, anglis, Krievija, krieviski ViçÉ - Zviedrija, zviedrs,Amerika, angliski Mës - Indija, indie5i, Igaunija, igauniski Jüs - Vãcija,vãcie5i,Itãlija, itáliski Vi4i - Spánija, spã4i, Kanãda, franciski Vi4a - Dãnija, dániete, Lietuva, dãniski un lietuviski Vi4as - Francija, francüzietes,Austrãlija, angliski Es ... t-
I I I
I I
I
28
Piederibasvietniekvãrdi.- The Possessive pronouns. . I I
mans. mana tavs. tava vir.ra, vi4as
musu Jusu vlnu
mans dzïvoklis mana adrese
Es dzivoju Rigá, Stúres ielá 2a. Mans brális Juris ari dzivo Rigã.Vi4a adrese ir Rigã, LáõpléÉaielã !2, dzivoklis 19. Mani vecãki nedzivo kopã ar mums. Vi4i dzivo laukos, nevis pilsëtá. Mana mása nedzivo kopã ar vecãkiem,vila ir precèjusies,vi4a un vi4as virs dzlvo ãrzemes.Vi4i strádá Kanãdã,bet vi4u meita pa5laik dzivo un stude irijã. Vi4as adresi es diemãël nezinu. Sakiet, lúdzu, káda ir júsu adresel Vai jús dzivojat studentu kopmitnës?Vai jús lrëjat (to rent) dzTvokli Rigã?Vai jums ir privátmája? Veidojiet teikumus pëc dotajiem piemëriem! Make sentencesfollowing the patterns. Agrãk vi45 bija skolnieks, tagad vi4é ir students, bet driz vir,rébús skolotãjs. Tu ... skolotãjs... sekretãrs... tuÌks (interpreter) Jús ... inZenieri ... strãdnieki ... arhitekti Vi4a ... profesore... direktore ... ministre Vi4as ... studentes... arhitektes ... mãkslinieces Mës ... pãrdevejas... studentes... mãsi4as Es ... Ievietojiet darbibas vãrdu but (to be, to haae) pareizajã formã! Insert the right forms of the verb úobe - bú.t and to haae - piederët. 1. Es
tris berni. Man driz
mãte. Man mazbërni.
2. Vina
arhitekte. Vi4a
Agrák vi4a Jüs
foti aizlemta.
studente. studenti. Jums
draugi. Jüs
draugi.
4. Tu
pacients.
zobãrsts.Tev K
sieva.Tu
students.Tev
Vi4i
bráJi. Vai vi4i
vini
studenti.
29
studenti? Në,
6. I{an
draudzene. Vi4a
gudra. Man
gudra draudzene.
7. Mums un 2 brãli. 8. Jüs
Iiela gimene. Man
2 mãsas liela privãtprakse.
ãrsts.Jums
TüÌkojiet! Translate. My father is a teacher.What is his father? My mother is a teacher, too. Here (delr) is my sister. Is my sister at home? - Yes, she is at home. That is my home. That is my house. It is here. Is that your house?It is old (ueca).Who is there (tur)? - My father. Where is my mother? - She is in the room. Is your house old?Where are we?- We are at home. Are you in the room? - Yes,we are there. Where is my chair (hrêsls)?- It is in my room. Is the house white (bq,lta)?- Yes,it is white. Father is old. Mother is good.That flower is blue (zila). The flower is in the grass(zalë).What is there? - A table. Vãrdnica.- Vocabulary. pagãjuóais gads, përn õogad, óajã gadã nãkamgad éajã ziemã, óoziem lidojums klavieres valoda pilsëta, lielpilsèta un lauki ãrzemes diemàèl es nezinu mãkslinieks pãrdevejs/-a medicrnas mãsina driz zobãrsts Anglija Dãnija Francija Igaunija Indija
last year this year, in this year nex year this winter flight piano language town, city and country foreign countries unfortunately I don't know artist, painter seller,shop-assistant nurse soon dentist England Denmark France Estonia India
30
16lija Kanáda Krieüja Lietrrva Spanija \ãcija Zviedrija un tã tãlãk
Italy Canada Russia Lithuania Spain Germany Sweden and so on, etc.
7. NODARBiBA
MUSUMAJA
Mes dzivojam Rigã, Pãrdaugavã,Stúres ielâ2a. Müsu mãja nav liela. Tã ir divstãvu mája. Músu mãjá ir gaiÉavirtuve, mazavannasistaba, tualete, dzivojamã istaba un gufamistabas.Pirmajá stãvã ir priekénams un gaitenis.Dzivojamãistabair liela. Sajáistabáir divãns,brüns galds, daZi brüni krësli, grãmatu plaukts, televizors un dators. Gufamistabã, kas ir otrajã stãvã, ir gulta un skapis. Sienastur ir gai5i zilas, griesti ir balti, bet grida ir brúna. Tur ir arí tumÉi zafÉpaklãjs un vairãkas lampas.Dzivojamã istabã ir divi plati logi, bet virtuve ir tikai viens Saurslogs.Virtuve ir maza,bet mãjiga. Tur mès gatavojam
31
brokastis un vakari4as.Mës, vairáki studenti, izmantojam vienu virtuvi. Tur ir ledusskapis,elektriskã plits, izlietne, siltais un aukstais üdens, neliels galds.Mums patik vakaros satikties virtuvë un runãt par müsu dzivì Latvi;ã. Vannasistabãir vanna, duõa un spogulis. Starp pirmo un otro stãm ir kãpnes. Pastãstiet,káda ir jüsu mãja! Lietojiet atbilsto5o piederibas vietniekvãrdu! Use the possessive pronoun. Mans televizors, mana mãja,
guJamistaba
ledusskapis,
vâze,-
lampa,
skapis,
galds,
pakÌãjs,
telefons, sienas,
griesti,
grida,
gulta,
divãns,
atpútas kresls,
viesis, -
grãmatas, durvis (fem.),
kápnes,
tualete,
draugs, -
draugi,
dzene,
dators,
draudzenes
viesi.
Pãrveidojiet teikumus daudzskaitli! Change the phrases into the plural. Man ir liels darzs. - Mums ir lieli dq.rzi. Vi4am ir sarkana lampa.
Es studèju augstskolã. Mana istaba ir maza. Tava mãsica ir jauka meitene.
Vi4as brãlens vakari4o restorãnã. Tev ir gai5aistaba. ViqS büs lekcijá. Cik maksã Éisãbols? Cik maksá Éi küka?
32
dzivoklis,
virtuve, drau-
i I
l Man bija liela mája.
Tu dzivo lielã pilsëtã. Es dzivoju labã rajoná. Vir,rastrãdã skolá. Veidojiet teikumus no dotajiem vãrdiem! Make sentences from the given words, 1. Pasts,liela, bija. 2. Ir, istaba,gai5s.3. Skaists,ir, marka. 4.Vannasistaba,ir, tum5s. 5. Dzivot,jüs, Riga. 6. Grãmatas,interesants,bút. 7. Més, strãdãt, universitãte. 8. Viç5, bút, tirgus. 9. Mani draugi, studet, Medicinas fakultáte. 10. Manas draudzenes,nedzivot, viesnica. 11. Es, studêt,pirmais kurss. 12. Es, büt, skolotãja.13. Dãrgs, viesnrca,bút, centrs. 14. Büt, tu, students. 15. Melns, mans, bút, telefons. Pasvitrojiet pareizo forrnu! Underline the right form of the word. Dita ir (slims,slima).Andris ir (vesels,vesela).Arste ir ['auns,jauna). Vi4am ir (gudrs, gudra) draudzene.Imants ir (talantigs, talantiga) ársts. Man ir (grúts, grúta) darbs. Apelsini ir (garSigs, gar5iga, garÉigi,garÉigas).Jums ir (labi, labas) draugi. Jüs esat (labi, labas) draugi. Tev garóo (melns, melna) kafija. Vi4am ir (gari, garas) mati un (lieli, lielas) ausis.Vi4ai ir (zili, zilas) acis un (gaiËi,gaiÉas)mati. Atbildiet uz jautãjumiem! Answer the questions. Vai tu esi virtuvë? Ne, es neesmu virtuvë. Es esmu gaiteni.
Vai jús esat skolotãji? Nè, mës
skolotãji. Mës
studenti. Vai vili ir pasaZieri?Në, -
kontrolieri.
Vai jús jau bijãt Jürmalã? Vai jús ... no Somijas? Vai te ir slimnica? Ne. -
aptieka.
33
\â jús esat policists?Ne, es _ policists.
policists,vilÉ _
Vai jums garÈoéie banáni? Në, Dialogs. - Dialogue. -
Sveiks, draugs! Kas jauns? Nu tã, nekas seviÉ!<s. Un tev? Man tãpat, nekas seviÉl;s.
-
- Atvaino, lúdzu, bet es steidzos.
-
-
-
Es tev piezvaniÉu. Paldies,tas bús jauki. Nav par kol Uz redzeÉanos! Mums ari jãiet. Atã! Paliec sveiks!
Hello, my friend! What'snew? So-so,nothing in particular. And what aboutyou? The same with me - nothing in particular. Excuseme,please,but I'm in a hurry. I will call you. Thank you, that will be nice. Don't mention it. I'll seeyou. We must go, too. Bye! Good-bye!
Quite often Latvianssay dzivo vesels, which means "take care of yourself". Atã is an expressionon the leveloÍ "bye-bye".The words sveiks and sveiki have been used both as a greetingand upon leavrng.
Vãrdnica.- Vocabulary. Pãrdaugava stãvs katrs no mums griesti un gïida siena atpútas krësls paklãjs vairãki. daZi mãjigs brokastis, pusdienas, vakarir.ras rits, diena un vakars satikties acs (fem.) ,i+
district on the left bank of the Daugaua floor, storey eachofus ceiling and floor wall armchair carpet, rug several,some cosy breakfast, dinner, supper morning, day and evening to meet eye
auss (fem.) apelsrns aptieka údens
ear orange chemist's shop, drugstore water
gaiós - tumós: light - dark silts - auksts: warm - cold grüts - viegls: difficult - easy
8. NODARBIBA
KO TU DARI?
pAprLDrruÃrÃ;s (DtREcr oBJEcr) TrEÕArs Lietvãrdi akuzativã
rIom.viensk Akuz. viensk.
(ss.)
l. dekl.
2. dekl.
3. dekl.
4. dekl.
5. dekl.
6. dekl.
virs, cefó
virietis
tirgus
sieva
sieviete
sirds
-i sievieti
-i sirdi
-ll
-l
-ll
-ll
viru, cefu
virieti
tirgu
sievu
Akuz. -tls daudzsk. vrrus, (pt.)
-lls -us cefus virieÉus tirgus
-is -es -as sievas sievietes sirdis
In Latvian,the object is expressedby a noun in the accusitivecase. lt answers to the ouestion ko? - whom? what?
Kas tas ir? Tas ir galds.Ko tu redzi? (What do you see?Whom do you see?) Es redzu galdu, divus galdus, studentu, ... (cik?) studentus, studenti, ... (cik?) studentes.
Ko jús spèlejat?Es spélêjutenis-, futbol-, volejbol-, Sitar- (guitar), bumb- (ball), klavier-- (pL.,piano).
35
Ko jús apciemojat (apciemot - to uisit)? Es apciemojuvecmãmin-,mãt-, tëv-, mãs- (sg.), mas--(pl.), brãl- (sg.),bral-- (pl.), mãsic-,brãlen-, Ann-.
Ko jüs fotografëjat?... ... meiten-, Rig-, cilvëk--, pulr--, kok--, Vecrigas iel--, Daugav-, skolotãj-. Ko jüs nofotografëjãt vakar? Ko jús novërojat (novërot - to wqtch)? putn--, cit-- student--, dziv- Rigã, sÌimniek-. f Uzmanibu! i Attention! Ar ko? With whom? Ar ko jús spëlejattenisu?Ar tèvu (with father). What with? Ar ko jús spêlèjattenisu?Ar tenisa raketi (racket). With him - ar ü4-; with her - ar vi4Tulkojiet teikumus un veidojiet jautãjumus! Translate the sentences and make questions. Elga frequents exhibiti ons (apmeÌzlét; izstade).
I visit my granny (apciemot). ano.
I play the pr-
? I grow ((rudzet)flowers.
I see my sister birds.
2
I watch houërot) I eat (ëst : es edu) sweet apple. I drink (dzert = es dzeru) tea. ? I study together with him. ? My sister and brother study at the Univer-
I
l
t I
I
sity. Lasiet tekstu! Svitrir,ruvietã ievietojiet pareizãs galotnes! Read the text using the right endings. Par ko? Es domãju par (about)draug-, par draudzen-,par Latvij-, par grãmat-, par dzimten-, par mãt-, par tëv-. Es runãju par medicin-,par latvieÉuvalod-,par draug-, par draudzen-,par universitãt-, par músu fakultãt-.
36
Es maksãju tirgu par pãrtik-, par maiz-, par sviest-,par síer- (cheese),pâr ... . Man ir liela interese par medicrn-,par anatomij., par lati4u valod-, par latvieéu valod-. Par ko? Es lidoju pãr upi (acrossthe riuer), par ezer-,pãr Daugav-, pãr jür-, pár Rig-, pár zem- (zeme- earth, land, country), pàr pilset-. Es braucu pãr tiltu (to driue o.crossthe bridge). Es staigáju pa istabu (to walk around the room),pa Vecrig-, Pa ko? papark-, pavirtuv-, pâ... , ... , ... , ... . ' Es braucu pa celu (to driue along the road). Starp ko? (kur?) - between Es dzivoju starp frizètavu (hairdresser's saloon) un veikal-. Starp oper- un universitãt- irjauks parks. Fotoveikals ir starp kafejnic- un grãmatveikal-. Ko tu dari? Ko jüs darãt? What are you doing? What do you do? Ko jüs darijãt vakar? Ko jús darlsiet nt?
I
Lasiet un tulkojiet tekstu! Read and translate the text. Sodien es studëju, bet vakar es apmeklëju koncertu. Rit varbút es apciemoËusavu draudzeni. Mana draudzenetagad dzivo centrã, bet agrák vi4a dzivoja Pãrdaugavárajoná starp Salu tiltu un Akmens tiltu. Vina katru ritu brauca pãr Daugavu un vèroja putnus. Vi4a labi spëlé 5ahu, un més abi (abas)spelesimÈospëli. Vakar mès spèléjãm basketbolu universitãtes sporta zãle. Mani draugi gatavo izstãdi par dzivi Afrikã, jo vi4iem ir liela interese par Éo eksotisko re$onu. Driz izstãdebüs gatavaun més vërosim Latvijas iedzivotãju interesi par músu izstádi. Vai jús katru dienu braucat uz universitãti (uz - to * acc.)?Vai jüs nofotografëjàtVecrigasnamus un ielas?Júsu vecãkiem bUs liela interese par júsu dzivi Latvijã. Ko jüs labprãt spëlëjat?Vai jús spëlëjat $itãru? Vai jús domàjat par savu nãkqtni? Ko jüs plánojat darit rit? Varbüt jüs brauksiet uz Jürmalu un staigãsiet pa pludmali? Vai jús brauksiet viens vai kopã ar draugu vai draudzeni? Vai jús brauksiet ar vilcienu vai autobusu? Ko jús domãjat par dzivi Latvijã? Kas jums te patik un kas nepatik? Vãrdnïca.- Vocabulary. iela putns cits, citi
.
street bird another, others ,JI
dzive slirnnieks dzimtene pãrtika pãrtikas veikals maize un sviests = =sviestmaize ezers varbüt abi, abas nams, eka, mãja krastmala viens, viena vilciens un autobuss patikt; man patik
life patient native country, birth-place food grocery bread and butter : sandwich lake maybe,possibly,perhaps both building, house bank one, alone train and bus to like; I like
9. NODARBIBA
KAFEJNICA, RESTORÃTIS Kas? kafejnÌca Kur? kafejnicã
restorãns restorãnã
bãrs barã (in a café,in q restaurant, in a bar)
Vãrdi un Írãzes. - Words and phrases. ëdiens ëdienkarte èst (es ëdu) gribêt (es gribu) velëties (es vèIos) garóot (man gar5o) patikt (man patik)
meal, food merÌu to eat (I eat) to want (I want) to wish (I wish) to like (about taste) (T ljke) to like (I like)
brokastis (breakfast) - pusdienas (dinner) - vakarinas AueIu sula Têja Kafiia Piens Alus V r n S Sviests Sviestmaize Siers Desa Ola Sãls Cukurs Pipari Smalkmaizite Küka
Maize
A r r oì i Abols
(supper) Limonãde Omlete Pankuka
Banãns Ievãriiums KirÉi PIúmes Zemenes Auglu - ábolu,bumbieru, !
38
ffil
Ql2 q
A -lAt
Â^
'-----\ vril \s@7 w?
tÉt9.1 ffi,,à-
MY g /Ê>
,à ('Írì)
\:r'
Ò
ga5-^
@ a9*-W
"çilrF
@ ffi e >
W
{) N.--,ìá- %W dW
i
ÓW
AMò
@
Veidojiet teikumus! Make sentences. Man garóo (kas?): augfu sula, sviestmaize,É|i4fis un siers. Man negarÉoapelsinu sula, kükas, piens un citi piena produkti. Vi4am garÉo
, bet negarÉo
Vi4ai garÉo , bet negarÉo (ëst patik Man brokastot brokastis) májãs, bet pusdienoju (edu pusdienas)es labprãt kafejnicã,jo man garËosaldie ëdieni (deserts). Tagad es eju pusdienãs(I'm going to dinner). Ko tu parasti ed pusdienãs?Ko jüs parasti èdat pusdienãs? Es edu (ko?): sviestmaizi,Ékilki un sieru. Es neëdu desu. Ko tu dzer no rita? Ko jüs dzerat no rita? Es dzeru (ko?): pienu, kafiju, téju, minerálüdeni. Es nedzeru alu. Ko jús édat no rita brokastis, ko jüs ëdat pusdienãsun vakari4ãs? Ko jüs dzeratbrokastis, pusdienãsun vakari4ãs?Kas jums garÉo,un kas jums negaréo?Vai jums gar5o augfi? Kãdi augfi jums garÉovislabãk? Kas ir vakari4ãs? Mhat's for supper?)Vakari4ãs ir biezputra (porridge).
39
Dialogs. - Dialogue. - Man, lüdzu, vienu tëju un divas kükas. - Vai tëju ar cukuru? - Nè, paldies, bez. Man tikai kafija garÈo ar cukuru. Es gribu ari pankükas ar ievãrijumu. - Ar kãdu ievãrijumu? Mums ir zeme4u,|ir5u un plúmju ievãrijums. Varbüt jüs vêlaties pankükas ar krèjumu? - Lüdzu, vel glãzi sulas.
Edienkarte Uzkoiamie(snocks):
salàti(solad), zivis(físh)
|
(whíppedcream)ar augliem
Pirmieëdieni: buljons,zupa Otrie édieni: zivis(físh), gala (meat),aknas(líuer), bifõteks(beefsteak) , cúkgala(porle), cükgafaskarbonãde(pork chop),iëra gala(lamb,mutton),liellopugala (beefl,tela galaskarbonãde(oeol cuflet),kotletes(nreotcroquettes, ballsof míncedÍneot),ceptavista (roastfowl, hen),cãlis(chíchen)
I I
40
I
Saldie èdieni,deserrs: kükas, torte,satdejums, putukrëjums
Lasiet! Read. Tã ir édienkarte.Es esmu kafejnicã.Es pusdienoju/esedu pusdienas. Tas ir gaÌds.vai óis galds ir brivs? - Ne, Èeit ir aiznemts (occupied.). Tas ir Ë},
Dialogs. - Dialogue. - Es gribëtu (I would lih,e)vistu, kartupe]us un salãtus. - Kurus salãtus? - Man, lúdzu, gur\us un tomàtus. Man negarÉobietes (beets)un burkãni (carrots). Es velos kãpostus (cabbage). - Kãdu zupu jüs edisiet? Es varu ieteikt (to recommend) skâ,bu kãpostu zupu (sauerkraut soup).Mums sodienir ari bieÉu zupa(beet soup),frikadefu zupa (meat ball soup),skãbe4u zupa(sorrelsoup)un piena zupa. - Në, paldies!Es negribu zupas.Ko jús varat piedãvãt (to offer) otrajã édienã? - Mums ir ceptazivs, cepetis(roast),maltãs gaJasmërce(meatsauce), karbonãde (porlzchop). - Es neëdu cúkgafu. Dodiet man gabali4u vistas. - Vaijús vëlaties ceptus vai vãritus kartupelus? - Es labãk gribetu risus. IJn desertã *urr, i.rdrrr, kompotu (stewed fruit)l - Labu apetiti! Ja kas vajadzigsveÌ, lüdzu, sakietl (Ifyou need,anything else,please,tell me!) - Jã, kur ir garÉvielas (spices): etì\is (uinegar), pipari (pepper), sãis (salt), sinepes(mustard)? - Te, lüdzu. Varbüt velaties vël?(Haueyou had enough?) - Man, lüdzu, rel,
fruit; fruit juice milk beer 4l
siers desa ola cukurs smalkmaizrte ievarijums kirsis, plúme, avene gurl
cheese sausage egg sugar bun, muffin jam cherry, plum, raspberry cucumber and tomato ham plate
10. NODARBiBA
ES EJU UZ UNIVERSITÃTI, UN ES NÃKUNO UNIVERSITÃTES. KO DARACITI? iet - to go; nàkt - to come
FsmÃrcM
ffi
uNovFRstFÃfu
Es eju uz universitãti (uz -l Akuz. = uz ko? uz kurieni?) Es nãku no universitãtes (no * Çen. = no kã? no kurienes?) 42
Tagadne (Present)
Pagãtne (Past)
Es eju, Tu ej, vì+é ] iet, vr4a J Mès ejam, Jús ejat, 'ì . Vini ) tel, vr+asJ
nãku nãc
gâju, gãji,
nãcu nãci
ieÉu, iesi,
nákÉu nãksi
nãk
gãja,
nâca
les,
nãks
nãkam nãkat
gãjãm, gãjãt,
nãcàm nãcãt
leslm,
naKslm
naK
9aJa'
Nãkotne (Future)
iesit/-iet, nãksit/-iet les,
nãks
Ievietojiet vajadzigo a) darbibas vãrdu; tr) galotni! Put in the right a) verb; b) ending. Kur jüs... ? Mes... uz májám.Es ... uztirg-, uz bibliotek-,uz darb-, uz veikal-, uz park-, uzbaznic-,uzmuzej-, uz restorãn-,uz kafejnic-, uz kino, uzmeí-, uz izstãd-, uz nodarbib-, uz dekanát-, uz tramvaj-, uz trolejbus-, uz autobus-. Kur jüs ... rlt? Kur vi4Ë ... parit? Kur més ... péc nedëlas? Kur tu ... vakar? Kuriús ... aizvakar? Darbibas várds. - The Verb. 1. konjugãcija est - es ëdu dzert - es dzeru nákt - es nãku braukt - es braucu pirkt - es pêrku cept - es cepu
f Salidziniet! ó Compare!
2. ko4jugãcija -o', -ã-, -é-
3. konjugãcija -ë-. -á-i-. -inã-
dzivot, apciemot lidot, celot,ogot se4ot, slëpot, slidot gatavot, smarZot runãt, strãdát, domát mazgàt, staigãt jautãt, mekÌet, audzet
redzet, dzirdët atbildët, raudãt dziedãt,varêt palÌdzët,ticét peldet, ceret stãvët
sildit, gaidit lasìt, rakstit darit, skaitit mãcit, stãstit dávinát, varit më$inát, rãdit sacit, turpinãt
es mazgãju tu mazgã vi4é, vi4a mazga mës mazgãjam jüs mazgãjat
es redzu tu redzi v. redz mës redzam jüs redzat
Iasu,turpinu lasi, turpini lasa,turpina Iasãm,turpinãm Iasãt,turpinát
grlDet, sedet
Atbildiet uz j autãjumiem! Answer the questions. Ko jús lasãt? Ko jús studejat?Kur jús studëjat?Ko jüs darãt universitãtë? Uz kurieni jüs ejat katru dienu? Vai jüs uz universitãti ejat vai braucat? Ko jüs gribat darit pëc universitátes?Vai jüs varat palidzët?Ko jüs redzat pa logu?Vai jums patik studët medicinu?Kur jüs t+,J
strãdãjat? Vai jús meginãt runãt latviski veikalã? Vai jüs bieZi gatavojat pusdienasmãjãs?Kur jús vãrãt tèju? Vai jüs bieZi domãjat par mãjãm? Vai jús rakstát vai zvanãt uz mãjãm? Ar ko jüs runájat pa telefonu? Par ko jüs stãstãt saviem draugiem dzimtenë?Vai jüs domãjat par savu nàkotni? Kas jús búsiet? Ko dara ãrsts? Vai jums patik dziedãt?Vai jús bieZi dziedat? Kad jús raudat? Ko jús gribat jautãt? Vaijüs ticat, ka driz runásiet latviski? Veidojiet teikumus! Make sentences. 1. Es lasu 2. Mãte vãra 3. Ridzinieki lasa 4. Pèteris pèrk 5. Berni spëlë 6. Tu gaidi 7. Jús gaidãt 8. Mãsa domã par 9. Es eju uz 10. Tevs iet kopã ar 11. Sievietepërk 12. Viló strádápar 13. Zènsraksta 14. Meitene z.varLapa 15.Vi4a dzied 16. Mes meklejam 17. Mãsicaspelë 18. Brãlensspèle 19. Jús dzirdat 20. Jüs redzat
t.
I I I
I
--
21. Mes mazgãjam 22. Dãrznieks audzë 23. Students maksã par 24. Arsts ãrsté 25. Mãsa tulko 26. Mãsir1ainjicè 27. Es skaitu 28. Tu apmeklë 29. Mës vãrãm
Ko? (gfámata) (zupa) (sënes) (ãboli) (bumba) (draugs) (vilciens) (brãlis) (teãtris) (meita) (maize) (skolotãjs) (vëstule) (telefons) (dziesmas) (darbs) (klavieres) (basketbols) (troksnis) (koki, iela, cilvëki, debesis,mãko4i, parks, tramvajs, automaSinas) (rokas) (puhes) (dzivoklis) (slimnieks) (raksts) (zãles) (nauda) (muzejs) (tèja) 44
Kur? Kad? (bibliotëka). (virtuve). (meãs). (tirgus). (pagalms). (parks). (stacija). (istaba). (vakars). uz (teãtris). (veikals). (skola). (mája). (pasts). (koncerts). (véstnieciba). (kafejnica). (vingroËanaszãle). (istaba un gaitenis). pa (logs).
(izlietne,bloda). (dãrzs). (bankã). (slimnica). (ãurnáls). (muskulis- muscle). (maks,kabata). (Riga). (vakari4as).
t
Vãrdnica.- Vocabulary. baznica vëstule vëstnieciba debesis (fem.) mãkonis troksnis raksts maks kabata
church letter embassy sky cloud noise article purse pocket
dziedãt raudãt atbildet cerèt darit dzirdet gaidrt lasit mãcit palidzêt peldet radit un rãdit rakstrt sedet sildit skaitit stãstrt stãvét ticet varët vãrít dávinát më!únãt turpinãt
to sing to cry, to weep to answer to hope to do to hear to wait (for) to read to teach to help to swim to create and to show to write to sit to warm (up) to count to tell to stand to believe to be able, can to boil, to cook to give a present to try to continue, to go on (wíth)
45
11.NODARB I B A
IEPIRKSANÃS pirkt - to buy; dot - Ío give; pàrdot - to selt; nemt - to take; svert - to weigh Daudzpunktu vietã lieciet atbilstoóos darbibas vardus! Fill in the gaps with the right form of the verb. Tagadne
Pagãtne
Es dodu,perku, nemu, sveru
devu, pirku, qëmu, sveru devi, pirki, 4émi
Tu dod,perc, 4em Vi45ffi4a dod, perk,4em
Nãkotne
deva,pirka, nëma
Mes ... UUD
Est: es ëdu - èdu - ëdíiu (past root * í + áu) Dzert'. es dzeru - dzèru - dzerÈu(infinitiue root I íu) Veidojiet teikumus! Make sentences.
Es perku tirgu (gala, kartupeli, tomãti, banani, sipoli, kiploki, zivis, zemenes,vinogas,sviests,maize, siers, desa,é\ilhis, sula, üdens, minerálúdens,rieksti, burkãni, bietes,kãposti). Pãrdevëjapãrdod (gala, saknes,augli, ogas, zivis, medus, dzèrieni, saldumi) pãrtikas veikalá (grocerystore).
@ ffi4ry
3Yw
wffiW#w 46
Atbildiet uz jautãjumiem! Answer the questions. Ko pãrdod grãmatu veikalã? Ko var nopirkt tramvajã? Kur var nopirkt avizillaikrakstu vai ZurnãÌu? Kur pãrdod pastmarkas un konvertus? Kur var naëst? Vãrdi un Írãzes. - Words and phrases. Vai varu jums pahdzët? Ko jús velètos? Es tikai velos paskatrties. Es vélètos to. lúdzu! So nè. Lidzigu óim. Tãdu. Vai tas bús viss? Cik daudz jús velaties? Vai pietiks? \êl,lúdzu. Mazãk,lúdzu. Paldies, pietiks. Tã bús labi. Tas nav tas, ko es gyibetu. Vai vèl kaut ko. lúdzu? Paldies, es to 4emóu (ne+em5u). Cik maksã óie apelsini? Lúdzu, nosveriet man Éo vinogir [<ekaru! Lúdzu, nosveriet kilogramu (puskilogramu) tomãtu (banãnu)! Man, lúdzu, divus kilogtamus kartupelu (tris citronus, kilogramu sipolu)! Es gribètu éo kãpostgalvi4u. Kãda teja jums ir? Mums ir Indijas (Ceilonas, I,{inas) tèja. Es gribetu trlssimt gramus siera, kam nav asas garõas.
Can I help you? What would you Ìike? I'm just looking. I'd like that, please. Not that. Similar to this one. Like that. WiÌl that be all? How many (much) do you want? Is this enough? More, please. Less,please. That's enough,thank you. That's fine. It's not what I would like. Anything else,please? I'll (won't) take it, thank you. What's the price of theseoranges? Pleaseweigh this bunch of grapes for me! Pleaseweigh one kilogram of tomatoes! I'd like two kilograms of potatoes (three lemons, one kilogram onions). I'd like this head of cabbage. What kind of tea have you got? We have Indian (Ceylonese, Chinese)tea. I'd like three hundred grams of mild cheese. Àn
Ìl
Liellopu (jèra, aitas) gafu,lúdzu! Mums ir plaóã izvele vistas (titari, plles, zosis). Vai jrrms ir saldüdens $úras) zivis?
Somebeef (lamb, mutton), please. We have a wide choice of chicken (turkeys, ducks, geese). Have you any kind of freshwater (saltwater) fish?
Lietojiet lietvardus pareizajã formã! Use the nouns in the correct form. Ko jums, lúdzu, piedávãt (to offer)? Man, lüdzu, ãbolus (ãboli)! . Vai varat piedãvãt ari
(rrsrl í
. Ne, atvainojiet,risu nav,bet varu jums piedãvãt (makaroni). o Lúdzu, ko jüs velaties? Es vêlos
(óokolade,
minerãlüdens un cepumi). . Vai tu vëÌies
(kartupeli)? Ne, es gribu (salãti).
. Vai drikstu piedávãt labãk
(cukurs)?Né, paldies, (piens).
. VitÉ grib
(arbüzs). Dod vinam (arbúzs)!
. Vai jüs gribat
(torte)? Ne, paldies,es negribu (torte).
. Vai jüs gribat pirkt
fiauna tejkanna - teapot)?
. Vai tu gribi lasit
(Éi grãmata)? Es jau lasu (Éi grãmata).
. Vai jús vëlaties
(deserts)?Jã, es vëlos (saldejums).
. Vai jüs vëlaties
(éi vai tã kãpostgalvila)?
. Vai jús gribat
(Éisvai tas arbúzs)? 48
(maize)? Jã, es nopirku
Vai tu nopirki
- (baltmaize,rupjmaize un arr smalkmaizites). Bet es aizmirsu (aizmirst - to forget) nopirkt (sviests,cukurs, gur$, desa,aknas).
W8@
@
@
ffi
{p@ ry}
VÃRDNICA. - VOCABULARY. 94a kartupelis sipols un [
meat potato onion and garlic fish nut vegetables envelope stamp 49
12.NODARBIBA
GADALAIKIUN LAIKSLATVIJA cÍrí (..{
&x ,.0% hYÌ . 9F
* rth
?s
-#ã
ffi Ys#*a W, /!'"il
Latvijã ir õetri gadalaiki: ziema,pavasaris,vasara un rudens. Tagad ir ziema. Ziernâ ir auksti. BieZi snieg, daúreiz ari list. Paólaik ir decembris.Ãrã ir liels vëjÉ.Dienã saulereti silda zemi. Driz büs Ziemassvëtki. Un mës ceram, ka tad laiks bús jauks, ka varësim slèpot un slidot. Katrá májà bús egle,prieks un dãvanas.Studentiem büs brivdienas, bet janvãri sáksies sesija (examination session).Man patik pavasarisLatvijã. Tad ir silts, zied (ziedët- to bloont)pules, debesis ir zilas, spÌd saule.Ari vasarãparasti ir jauks, saulainslaiks. Rudeni laiks ir vess. Ir diezganmitrs. Tad ciÌveki meZá ogo un së4o. Septembri ne tikai skolëni, bet ari studenti sãk mãcities. Skoleni iet uz skolu, bet studenti iet uz augstskolu.Jús esat Latvijas Universitátes Ekonomikas fakultãtes pirmã kursa studenti. (Laiks - weq.ther.List - it is raining; ará - outdoors; véjé - wind., vëjains - windy; sildit - to u)arm, siÌda - it is warming; zeme- soil, earth; debesis- siay;vess- cool,fresh; mitrs - wet; sprdet- to shine.)
50
Atbildiet uz jautãjumiem! Answer the questions. ,o"4íooo
Káds éodienir laiks?Lietus -'i ii1;,, lietains;vèjÉsaule - ;
.ë
11
.- saurarns; mrgra - -€
mlglatns; maKo+r -
mãko4rains;auksts - +8'G karsts; vêssCik grãdu ir Ëodien?Kãda ir gaisa temperatúra? Kãdas ir laika prognozes?Káda Sodienir diena?Kãda bija nakts? Cik ir puÌkstenis?Pulkstenis ir pusviens (it is half past twelue). Cik ir pareizs laiks (exact time)? 12.30 (divpadsmit un trisdesmit minütes; pusviens),17.00,14.30,10.15,7I.45, 20.00,21.10,23.05 Cikos sãkasnodarbiba Ìatvieéu valodã? Cikos beidzasnodarbiba latvieÉuvalodã? sãkt, sãkties - to begin, to start; beigt, beigties- to finish,to end Í
a
Uzmanibu! Attention. Sodien ir silts laiks (weqther). PaÉlalk Latvijã ir grúts laiks (time). Atbildiet uz jautãjumiem! Answer the questions. Cik meneóuir gadã? Cik dienu ir nedelã?Cik jums ir darbdienu un cik - brivdienu? Cik nedeluir mënesi? Sakiet, Ìúdzu, cik ir pulkstenis! Cikos jús celaties (celties- to get up)? Cikosjús ejat gulët? Kad ir júsu dziméanasdiena? MeneËi Janvãris ir gada pirmais mënesis. Februãris ir gada otrais menesis. Veidojiet teikumus! Make sentences.
Marts Aprilis 51
Lokativs - kad? Janvãri bieãi sniegun ir auksts laiks. Februãri manai draudzeneiir dzimÉanasdiena.
Maijs Jünijs JúIijs Augusts Septembris Oktobris Novembris Decembris Janváris Februãris Veidojieú teikurnus tagadnë, pagãtnë un nâkotnè! Lietvãrdiem pievienojiet pareizãs galotnes! Make sentences in the Present, Past, Future tenses. Add the right endings to the nouns.
l-. Juris (redzët)
kok- pagalm-.
2. Mës (slepot)
mez-
zLem-.
3. No rita tu (vingrot)
un (várit) kafij-.
4. Mãte (vàrit)
zup- virtuv-.
5. Es (jautãt)
, bet tu (atbildet)
? Es (strádát)
6. Kur jús (strãdãt) slimnic-. 7. Skolotãja (mãcit)
bërn-. Bërns mãcãs.
8. Ko tu (darit) vëstul-. 9. Ko jüs (lasit)
? Es (lasit) ? Es (nelasit)
es (sapçot)
52
uz tirg- un (pirkt) 10. Studente (iet) tomàt--, biet--, kartupef--, burkãn--, ãbol--,apelsin--,mandarin-un kirb-. zrv--
11.Es labnrát (ëst) 12. Es (varêt)
labi runãt latviski.
13. Es (varit)
têj-. 2
14. Kád- vaìod-jüs (runát)
bumb-. Ko (spêlet)
15. Es labprât (spélë) Jusí
atbild-- uz jautãjum-.
16. Bêrni (meklét)
pu\-- siltumnic-.
17. Dãrznieks (audzet)
slimniek-- slimnic-.
18. Arsts (árstét)
vecãk--sav- dzimten-
19. Jüs (apciemot)
uz Stokholm-.
20. Jús (tidot)
ar kug- un ar vilcien-.
21. Es (cefot)
par teãtr-. Par ko (domãt)
22. Asja (domát) Jusí
pa park-.
23. Sieviete (staigát)
? Es (gatavot)
24. Ko jús (darit) vakari4--
astoç--.
25. Müsu gimene (vakari+ot)
ar automa5in-, bet mans
26. Es (braukt) draugs (braukt)
ar tramvaj-. pavasar-.Bet ko (gaidit)
27. Mês (gaidi jús?
28. Sesijaslaik- studenti (kártot eksámenus- to tahe exqminations) eksãmen-mâsi4as?
29. Ko slimnic- (darit)
universitát- un mãj--?
30. Ko jús (darit)
53
Vãrdnica.- Vocabulary. egle sap4ot siltrrmmca savs, sava
fir, Christmas tree to dream hothouse my (or your e/c.) own
bieãi - reti: often - seldom biezs - plãns: thick - thin
13. NODARBIBA
MACITUN MACITIES ko? kur?
Es studèjuimãcos
kas? (skolotãjs/pasniedzèjs/
Mani mãca docetájs)
Profesorsmãca
ko?
Aizpildiet tabulu! Complete the table. Tagadne
Pagãtne
Nãkotne
Es
nemácu,
es mãcos nemãcrju,
mãcijos nemaclslt,
macrsos
Tu
nemãci,
tumãcies nemãciji,
mãcijies nemaclsr,
mactsles
mácijãs nemãcis,
mãcisies
Vir,rË1 )nemaca, vlnal
macas nemácrja,
Mës nemãcam,
nemãcijãm,
nemaclSlm,
Jús nemãcát,
nemácijãt,
nemãcìsit/iet.
Vi4i nemãca,
nemacrJa,
nemãcls,
Atbildiet uz jautãjumiem! Answer the questions. Kur jüs mãcãties?Ko jús darãt universitãtë? Kurá kursã jüs mãcãties? Kã jums iet universitáte? Kã jums gãja sesijaslaikã? Kádi mácibu priekómeti jums ir pirmajã kursá? Kas jums mãca latvieÉu valodu?Vai jums ir studiju grãmatir,ra?Cik eksãmenujums bija Éajá 54
sesijã?Káda ir atzlme latvieÉu valodá?Vai lati4u valodá jums bija ieskaite vai eksámens?KurÉ mãcibu priekémetsjums likâs (likties to appear,to seem)visgrütákais (grüts - difficult; grütãks, visgrütãkais)? KurÉ - visvieglákais (viegls- easy;vieglãks, visvieglákais)? Ká jums patik mãcities Latvijá? Kad jums bija sesija?Vai jús nolikãt/ nokàrtoját visus eksâmenus(noliktinokãrtot eksãmenu- to pass an exomirLation)?Vai jums ir parãdi (paráds- debt; bút parãdà - to owe, to be indebted)? Atkãrtosim! Let us repeat! Viensk.
Nominatlvs kas? (whqt? who?) Akuzativs ko? (what? whom?)
I. dekl.
Nom. kas?
3. dekl
-us tirgus ka$s tevs medus kugis ce|ó students bràlis Iietus draugs viesis alus latvietis Iedus zëns - Sr - S
-u tèvu
Lokativs -ã Kur, kad? tëvã (where? when?)
Daudzsk.
2. dekl.
1. dekl. -l
-ls
4. dekl.
-a mása má;a istaba lekcija grámata
5. dekl.
-e máte fakultãte zeme upe studente
6. dekl.
-s sirds debess acs AUSS
balss (uoice)
kaki
-u tirgu
-u másu
mãti
-i sirdi
-i kaki
-11
tirgu
-ã màsá
-e máté
-i sirdi
3. dekl.
4. dekl.
5. dekl.
6. dekl.
-as
-es
-l
2. dekl. I
-l
55
-t
-ts
Akuz. ko?
-u.s
-us
-lts
-as
-es
-ts
Lok. kur? (kad?)
-os
-os
-os
-as
-es
-ls
Veido akuzativu un lokativu! Change the words into the accusitive and the locative forms. Maza auditorija, liels galds, garéigs medus, liela auss, laba draudzene, mifÉ viesis, negarÈigs üdens. The adjectiveis declinedto agree with the noun. lt takes the same gender, numberand caseas the noun.The (indeÍinite) adjectiveendingsare the same as those for the most common masculineand femininenouns.Vecs (old) is declinedas the noungalds (table).Veca(old)is declinedas lhe noungrãmata ( book ) . Veidojiet teikumus! Make sentences.
(veikals)
1. Vir,riperk (karote)
(bumba)
2. Draugi (meklet) (zãÃe)
3. Meitene (dzert)
(kafija)
(kafejnica)
(vakaritas)
4. Jãnis (gatavot) (virtuve, vakars)
5. Studente (iet)
uz (izstãde)
(diena)
56
6. Es (mãcities)
(latvieÉuvaloda)
(universitãte) 7. Mes (apmeklët)
(jaunaspilsétas)
(Latvija) 8. Jüs (domãt)
par (darbs)
(slimnica)
9. Ãrsts (ãrstet)
(slimnieks)
(mãjas) 10.Students (varët)
labi runãt (latvieÉuvaÌoda) uz (nodarbiba)
11. Studenti ftraukt) (anatomija) 12.Viça (kãrtot)
(eksãmens)
(matemãtika)
13. Lektors fiautãt)
fiautãjums)
bet students (atbildët) 14. Ilze (fotografet)
(draugi)
(Vecriga)
15. Mãte (várit)
(tëja)
(tejkanna) 16. Profesors (mãcit)
(studenti)
operêt. 17. Tu (vërot)
(dzive)
un kopmitnes) 18. Mês (gaidit)
(brivdienas)
ar (prieks) 19.Es (klausities)
(müzika)
(koncerts) 20. Mës (skatities)
uz (tãfele)
(auditorija)
57
(pilsëta
Pievèrsietuzmanrbuatgriezeniskajiemdarbibas vãrdiem! Pay attention to the reÍlexiveverbs. Tagadne 2. konjugãcija Es tagadbieZi ciemojosRTgã. tu ciemojies vi4õ/vi4a ciemojas més ciemojamies jús ciemojaties vi4i/virlas ciemojas
3. konjugãcija Es bieZivakarosizvelosmüziku un klausosto. tu izvëlies un kìausÌes vini/vinas izvelas un klausãs mès izvèlamies un klausãmies jús izvèlaties un klausãties vini/vinas izvèlas un klausãs
Agrák es bie2i ciemojosRigã. tu ciemojies vi4S/viça ciemojãs mës ciemojãmies jüs ciemojãties viqri/viças ciemojãs
Agrãk es retiizvëlejos un klausì1os múziku. tu izvelèjies un klausì1ies vinó/vinaizvèlêjãs un klausrjãs mes izvèlejãmies un klausijãmies jús izvêlejãtiesun klausrjãties viçi/viqasizvelejãs un klausrjãs
Pagãtne
Nãkotne Drz es atkal ÏU viçè/viça mes jüs viçi/viças
ciemo5osRroã.
RÌtes noteiktiizvële5os un klaus-róos müziku. ciemosies tu izvèlesies un klausisies vi4s/vi4a izvelesies un klausisies ciemosies ciemosimies mès izvèlesimies un klausisimies ciemosities(-ieties) jús izvélësitiesun klausisities (-ieties) ciemosies viçi/viças izvelësies un klausrsies (sa)sveicinãtiesto greet,to salute turéties Ìo hold (on) vingrinãties to practise precèties to get maÍried k!údÌties to be mistaken parãdities to appear vélêties to wish, to desire piedalities Ìo take care (of), izvélétiesto choose to take pad (in) to look after
viesoties, to be on a visit ciemoties draudzèties to be Íriends ÍotograÍëties to be photographed pastaigáties to take a walk rúpéties
izveléties to choose
(sa)runãties to talk,to chat peldèties to bathe gatavoties to get ready, to prepareoneselÍ interesêties to be interested, to take interest(in) darboties to work, to be occupied (with) mazgãties to wash (oneself), to bathe spèléties to play,to toy (with)
58
dalities skatities
to share to look (at)
klausÌties
to listen(to)
attistities
to develop, Ìo grow raudzities to look (at) (tag.i es raugos)
ãrstéties dusmoties raizëties laulãties tuvoties spoguloties pulcéties
to undergotreaÌment to be angry to worry (about),to trouble (abouÌ) to get manied (in church) to approach,to advance(towards) to look (at onself)in the mirror to gather,to meet
Atbildiet uz jautãjumiem! Answer the questions. Cik ilgi jüs jau mãcãties latvieÉu valodu? Vai jüs brivi sarunãjaties latviski ar latvie5iem?Vai tad, kad jus pastaigãjaties,jüs priecájaties par dabu? Ko jüs redzat, kad skatãties pa savu logu? Vai jüs bieZi raugáties ãrã pa logu? Vai jüs sasveicinãtiesar kaiminiem? Vai jüs dalãties savospãrdzivojumos (emotiorualexperience)ar draugu? Kã jüs jütaties (justies - to feel: esjütos) Latvijâ? Vai jüs rúpejaties par savu gimeni? Vai jums patik fotografeties? Veidojiet teikumus pagãtnë un nãkotnë! Change the sentences into the Past and Present tenses. Andris óodien precas. Vi4É jau sen draudzëjas ar Intu. Vi4i kopã mãcãsuniversitãtè. Abi bieZi klausãs múziku, skatãs kino un teãtra izrãdes,interesèjaspar literatüru. Parasti vi4i dalãs savosiespaidos viens ar otru. Vi4i turas pie tradicijãm un vélas laulãties baznicá. Andris rúpêjas par savu jauno fimeni, bieZi ciemojaslauku mãjãs, kur dzivo Intas vecãki. Kad Andris parãdãsuz cel,a,vienmër seviÉ\
59
teaching and Ìearning washing and bathing preparing and preparation to teach and to be able, to know (how to do smth.) to obey and to listen
iss, Isdfrs, visisofrais (masc.)l lsa, isã,ha, vislschrr (fem.) viegls (vieglõfrs, visviegLaÉais) mi!ó (mifoÉs, vismifdhq,is) grúts (grítahs, visgrútolcois)
- short, shorter, the shortest easy dear difficult, hard
(io) sevi5l
particularÌy always long ago, for a long time before
14.NODARBIBA
IEPAZISANAS -
Labdien, Jãni Lüdzu, nác iekÉã. Novelcmételi. Kã tev iet? Paldies,labi. Un tev? Man ari iet labi, paldies. Jãni, Éi ir mana mãsa Anna. Priecàjos. Un tas ir mans brãlis. Vi4a vãrds ir Juris. Sveiks, Juri! Es vi4u pazistu. Mës kopá mãcãmies. Cik jauki tevi satikt! Vai júsu vecãki ir mãjás? Në, vi4u nav mãjás. Máte ir darbá. Un kur ir tavs tëvs? Vi4É atzgâjauz veikalu. Vi45 driz büs mãjás.Iesim iekéãl
* -
Hello, Janis! Pleq.secomein. Tuke off (your) coat. How are you? Thank you, fine. And you? I'm fine, too, thanh,you. Janis, this is my sister Anna. Pleqsedto meetyou. And that is my brothen His name is Juris. Hello, Juris. I know him. Weare stud,ying together. How nice to m.eetyou. Are your pqrents at home? No, theyare not at home. Mother is at work. And whereis your father? He went to the shop. He will bebach,soon.Let's go in.
Veidojiet dialogu! Make a dialogue! - Labvakar,
. Priecãjos,kajüs atnãcãt. ,x - Paldies,tã nekas. Sodienbija grüta diena.
60
- Mani vecãki grib ar jums iepazities.Tas ir mans tëtis Juris Ozols. Un mana màmina leva Ozola.
- Priecáios.Es esmu - Bet ko jús darãt Latvijá? . Piedodiet, Ozola kungs, es vel nevaru brivi
runãt latviski. Es vëI tikai - Jüs jau runãjat diezgan labi. Pastãstiet mums par sevi un savu gimenil - Paldies par kompÌimentu. Es priecãjospar uzaicinájumu. Jums ir jauka gimene. Mana $mene Atbildiet uz jautãjumiem! Answer the questions. Ko jüs Èeit darãt, darijãt,
darisiet?
Ko jús spélejat?(teniss,klavieres, futbols, kãrtis, daZãdasspéIes...)
Ko jús apmeklejat? (koncerts, izstãde, teãtris, baznica,lekcijas...)
Ko jüs apciemojat? (draugi, draudzene, paziças, vecãki.radinieki...)
Ko jús gatavojat? (pusdienas,vakari4as, lekcija, pãrsteigums...) 61
Kur jús strãdãjat? (universitãte, sÌimnrca, veikals,bërnudãrzs...)
Par ko jüs strãdãjat? Par (skolotãjs, ãrsts, pãrdevejs,audzinãtâjs...)
Ko jüs darãt brivdienãs?(Ìasit, slëpot, dejot, dziedãt,medit, iet viesos...)
Ko jús darãt darbdienãs?(mãcities,klausities, slinkot, gulet, sèdët,runát ...)
V ã rd u v e i d o ó a n a . - T h e W ord-bui l di ng.
darbs
darbnrca (w orhshop), darbinieks (employ ee, clerh,, worher), darblba (action), darbiniece, bezdarbnieks
skola rnaize grãmata vèsts (news) slims (sicã)
skolnieks, skolotãjs maiznrca (bakery), maiznieks (baker)
kafija dzivs júra viesis séta (yard) pilsëta Riga
grãmatnica vestnieciba (embassy), vëstnieks (enuoy, minister) slimnica, slimnieks, slimiba (illness) kafejnica dzive, dzívot, dzivnieks (animal) júrnieks (sailor) viesnrca, viesnicniek s (hotel-keeper), viesibas (party ) setnieks Çanitor, y ar d- h,eep er) pilsëtnieks (townsman) ridzinieks
62
AtbiÌdiet uz jautãjumiem! Answer the questions. Ko dara ceJotãjs?Ko dara skolotãjs?Ko dara mãcitãjs (priest,parson)?
Ko dara lidotãjs? Ko dara dãrznieks (strãdãt, audzèt- to grow)?
Kas ir dãrznieks? Tas ir cilveks, kas ...
Kur jús meklejat grámatas?Kur jüs përkat maìzì? Kur jús dzerat kafiju? Kas ir slimnieks? Un kas ir ársts?
Ko vi4ó raksta? Vai viTË ir rakstnieks? Kas dzivo viesnicã?Kur strãdá ãrsts? Kur strádã vëstnieks? Kas jús búsiet, kad búsiet slims/-a? Kas ir domãtãjs?Kas ir speletãjs?Kas ir tulkotãjs?
v,, Kas ir dejotãjs?Kas ir dziedãtãjs?Kas ir lasitava (reading-room)?Tã ir telpa vai istaba, kur ...
Wr
Ká sauccilveku, kas tulko grãmatas?Kã sauccilveku, kas nodarbojas ar biznesu (nodarboties- to occupyoneselfl?Ko dara bezdarbnieks? Kur mãcás studenti? Ko dara studenti? oó
laba mãsa labEmásE laba mãte labffimãtE laba sirds labdsirdEil -
labas mãsas lablamìmãslãml labas mátes lablãmìmãtEd Iabas sirdis lablamÌsirdlimì -
Theverbsdot íto give),stãstit (to tell,to relate),rakstït (to write)areÍollowed by the dativeof the person(indirectobject)and the accusative oÍ the thing (directobject). Máte stãsta meitai (dat. * lzam?)pasaku (alzuz.- lzo?).(Mother is telling (her) daughter a fairy-tale.) Kam mãte stãsta pasaku?- meitai Ko mãte stãsta meitai? - pasaku Vi4a dod bërniem maizi. (She is giuing (sotne)bread to the children.) Dëls raksta tèvam vëstuli. (The son is writting a letter to (his) fq.ther.) Í *o,", There is no verb in Latvianlor to have, but to expressthe possessionthe dative oÍ the person with the verb búÍ (to be) is used: Mãtei ir grãmata. Mother has a boolz. Kam ir grãmata? Mãtei. Tevam ir mãja. Father hqs q. house. Berniem ir maize. The children haue (some) bread.
ir/navlbija/nebijalbús/nebús Lietojiet pareizãs galotnes! Use the correct endings. Mãte dod bèrn-- (sg.) maiz-. Brãl-- gaida mãs-. Es lasu skaist- pasakbèrn--. Tev-- ir lab- draug- (sg.). Tèv-- ir lab- draug- (pl.). Dél- dod mãt-- vèstul-. Mãs-- ir lab- grãmat-. Kad dzimõanasdiena ir Jãn--? Kam vilS raksta vëstul-? Draudzen--.Vai dels raksta vëstul- mãt--? Vai tu vakar zvaniji profesor--? Jur-ir liel-- aus--.Meiten-- ir skaist-- ac--. Tirg- ir sarkan- ãbol-. Ledusskap-ir Iiel- ziv-. Liel-- ziv-- ir liel- galv-. Kas ir cilvekam? Cilvèkam ir galva, kakls, kãjas, rokas, mati, acis, ausis, veders, mugura, seja, deguns, piere, zods,mute, vaigi, lúpas, uzacis, zobi, mele, krútis, plaukstas, pirksti, cefi, sirds.
65
Personu vietniekvãrdidativã. The Dative of the personal pronouns.
tivecase. Man patik (I like): tev patik $,oulike), viqam patik ... Vi4am garéo(he likes the taste;it tastesgood to him) ... Man sãp (I feel (hauea) pain) ... Vi4am sáp kakls (he has a sore throat - rllzle) ... Vi4am sãp acis (his eyesache) ... Man sãp galva (1 haue a headache)... Vi4am sáp kája (he has a pain in his foot) ... Mãtei patik mana _q1qata, $o t!.*p I i,(,e,s my boolz.
vai tev garsoabclf,lDãïb,tïiÈ tii f "'oi'b Kas jums garÈo?Kasrjürnsitegá1$f.l
i
I
I
l1i uÍ rt*'' Tulkojiet! Translate. He gives (is giving) a book to a friend. Mother gives (something)to the child. The brother and the sister are reading a fairy-tale. Father is working in the meadow (plaua). Mother works in the house. My brother has a sharp axe (ossciruis), but he doesnot work with it. We are coming home. Where is father working? Your brother writes (is writing) a letter to my mother. I am not giving the book to our friend. I have a headache. It is not cold. It is warm. I have got a question. Have you got time today? How are you? - So-so.We speakLatvian. I speak French and German. My uncle has a small house, and a very fine small garden. My aunt had a son and a daughter.Had your sister somemilk in her glass?- Yes,she had. Milk is very good for children. Who writes (is writing) his uncle a long letter? - My friend, who was here. What do you like to read? I have a sore throat, a headacheand a cough (klepus).
-{tbiÌdiet uz j autâj rrmiem ! .{nswer the questions.
Cik jums ir gadu?Man ir \-ai jums ir draugs vai draudzene? Cik jums ir draugu Ëeit,Latvijã? Vai jums ir laiks Éovakar? No kã jums ir bail? Man ir bail (I am afraid) no vilka. Vai jums ir labs garastãvoklis?Já, Vai jums ir automaSina? Vai jums ir suns?Kãdi mãjdzivnieki jums ir? Kad jums ir dzimÉanasdiena?
gadi.
Vãrdnica. - Vocabulary.
tã nekas garastãvoklis mãjdzivnieki dzim5anas diena
not so bad mood pets birthday
16. NODARBIBA
KASJUMSPATIK/NEPATIK, GARSo/NEGARSo, SÃP/NESÃP? Lietojiet personu vietniekvardu dativã ! Veidoj i et j autãjumus! Ask questions. Fill in the gaps with the personal pronoun in the Dative. kas tev kaiÉ/kait? - whet is the matter with you?
Ilze ir slima. Ii,lasuiryai kaiÉ? Andris ir slims. Kas _
sãp?
Es esmu sÌims.Kas _
kaiÉ?
Vi4É ir slims. Kas _ È
Vai -
kaié?
sãp gaÌva?
I
I
I I
67
Skolotãja ir slima. Kas ---Vai --.-
sãp kakls?
Berni ir slimi. Kas --Vai ..-..-
kaiõ?
kaiÉ?
ir temperatüra?
Vir,riir slimi. Kas
sãp?Cik liela temperatúra ---
Anna un Ilze ir slimas. Kas _--
sãp?
Jüs esat slimi. Kas ---
sãp?
Jüs esat slims. Kas --..-
sãp?
Vai jús esat slims? Kas
sãp?Kur --
-
ir?
Mans suns ir slims. Kas _-
sãp? (, ÍíÍ ltil
kaiÈ?
S\iet, mës esam slimi. Kas -Vai jüs zinãt, kas _kaiÉ?
kaiÉ?
Atbildiet! Answer. Kas jums sãp?Vai jums bieãi sãp galva?Kad jums bieZãksãp galva _ no ritiem vai vakaros?Kas verjums sãp?vai jums sap garvarãtvieÈu valodasnodarbibãs?vai jums sãp galvà ratuiàÉu de]?vai jús "atoaà bieZi-slimojat?Kas jums visbieZãÈkaié? Kas sãp cilvëkam, ia vinu nemil? Atbildiet uz jautãjumiem! Answer the questions. Kam patik koncerts? (Mes)Mums patik koncerts. Kam patik programma? (Studenti)
patik pro-
gTamma. Kam garÉo arbúzs? (Vi+i)
garÈo arbüzs.
Kam gar5o alus? (Jãnis un Imants) Kam patik lekcija? (Jüs)
patik lekcija.
Kam gar5o tëja un kafija? (Aina) t
I
I I
T
I
(es)
garËoalus.
garÉotëja, bet
kafija. 68
Kam garõokonfektes?(Vilas)
garéokonfektes.
Kam negar5oÉilimonãde?(Meitenes) limonãde.
negaréo Éi
Kam garSoãboÌu sula? Abolu sula garÉo gimene).
(visa
(visi).
Kam patik celot?Cefot patik Kam nepatik Éi filma? Si filma nepatik bèrni).
(mazi
Vai tev patik Èi glezna?Ja, Vai jums garÉosaldejums?Já, protams, Vai (Dàons) gar5obanãni.
garÉobanãni?Jã, (viqr5)
Vai (slimnieki)
patik 5i procedüra?Jã, (vili)
patik. Vai (profesors Krümi4É)
patik Éi lekcija? Jã,
Kam ir garlaicigi (garlaicigs- borirug,tedious,dull)? (F,s) ir mazliet garlaicigi. Lietvardus iekavãs pãrveidojiet dativa forrnâ! Change the nouns in brackets into the dative form.
ffi ieoti.irt.)
ir ierocis (weapon, arm).
(Kasieris)
ir bifetes.
(Skolotãjs)
ir Zurnãls, bet (skolotãja) It avtze.
(Vecãki)
ir bërni, bet (bêrni)
lr
vecãki. Medicinas fakultãtes (students)
ir prakse
slimnicá. (Mana draudzene)
ir draugs no Japãnas.
(Tavs tevs) to own) banka.
irlpieder (piederêt - to belong, 69
{Slinki studenti) Iaikã.
ir daudz problemu sesijas ir jauns jumts.
iSümnica) (Arsts)
ir liela pacietiba (patience, endurance)
darbã ar pacientiem. B: Profesorspalidz (studenti) Arsts palidz (pacienti) Vai psihologs(ús)
nepalidz?
Jãnis palidz (draugs)
mãcities.
Imants palidz (vecs virietis)
iekãpt trolejbusa.
Kasiere palidz (veca sieviete)
apsèsties. 2
Vai jús bieãi palidzat (veci cilvëki) Asistents palidz (ãrsts)
operèt.
Mãsi4a palidz (slimniece)
novilkt apavus.
Veidojiet teikumus! Make sentences. Lietvãrds (Nom.)
Mãsa Brális Draugs Draudzene
Lie.tvards (Akuz.)
Lietvards (Dat.)
Lietvãrds (Lok.)
gataYot
brokastis
virtuve
labot
automaÉlna
bërni kaiminÉ mãte
Darb. v
vëstule rakstit paÌidzët,pirkt cepure dãvinát pãrdot
Viesis Pãrdevèjs Bibliotekãre dot cefot Cefotàjs
sëta pasts
brális
tirzus
dãvana
draugi
jubileja
preces
plrceJr
veikals
grãmatas
studentes biblioteka ar, draugi vasara
aq vilciens
70
dol - to give PapiÌdinisl tabuìu! Complete the table. Tagadne
Pagãtne
Nãkotne
Es Tu
dodu
del'u
doËu
dod
devi
Vi4Sivita
dod
deva
dosi dos
Mes Jüs Vi4i/viças
Vãrdnïca.- Vocabulary. to falÌ ill to be ill (with) becauseof yet, still to love procedure,treatment roof to step (get) in and to get out to sit down, to take a seat to take off and to put on foot-wear
saslimt slimot del vel milèt procedúra jumts iekãpt un izkápt (es kápju) apsesties (es apsêãos) novilkt un uzvilkt (es velku) apavi
17.NODARBIBA
SARUNAS Telefona saruna Andris: Sveiks! Gunars: Neka. Neesmu vis sveiks. Esmu slims. Á.; Vai tu jau/ilgi slimo? G.: Vakar biju vesels,Éorit jütos slims. Á..' Kas tev sãp?
7T
G..'Viss.Man gribas gulët un necelties. Á.; Neceliesari. Nav nekã prãtiga, ko darit. Ãrã ir slikts laiks. Bet man tomèr tevis ir ãë1.Es tev apsolu vèlreiz piezvanït. Sveiks! (vis, ari - reinforcing particles; slimot - to be itt; prãttgs _ sensible; apsolit - to promise) Saruna uz ielas -
Labdien, draugs! Kur steidzies? Eju uz aptieku pëc zãlëm. Vai kãds ir slims? Mans brãlis. Vai vilõ jau ilgi sÌimo? Ne, viçÉ tikai vakar vakarã saslima.vinam ir lielas iesnas,iekaisis kakls un stipri sãp galva. Ko ãrsts saka?Vai kãda nopietna slimiba? Arsts domã, ka tã ir saaukstoÈanas. Sadaaukstã raikã loti ãtri var saauksteties. Já, ari es mokos ar galvassãpëmun stipri klepoju. Bet ceru, ka tas pàries. Novëlu tavam brãlim drizu izveseJoéanos. Paldies.Uz redzëÉanos.
(kur tu steidzies?- where are you hurrying? es eju pec zãlëm - I am going to fetch medicine; vakar vakarã - lcrst night; vi4am ir lielas iesnas- he has a seuerecold;vi4am ir iekaisis (iekaist - to inflame) kakls - he has a sore throat; es mokos (mocities) ar galvassãpem- 1 suffer from headache;tas pãries - it will pass,.novëlu (novelOi) drizu izveseloÈanos - I wish (him) a speedyrecouery) Atbildiet uz jautãjumiem! Answer the questions. vai jüs biezi slimojat? vai jüs slimojat vairãk ziemã, rudeni vai pavasari?vai jús slimojat ari vasará?vai jüs tagad esatveseÌs/-a? vai jums nekas nesãp?Vai jums bieZi sãp galva? Kad jums sãp galva - rttos, vakaros vai nodarbibu laikã? Vai latvieÈu valoda jums sagãdã (Ío cd.rr.se, to giue) galvassãpes? Vai jums ir zãles pret galvassãpèm?Vai jús bieZi dzerat zãles?Kãdas zãles jüs dzerat? Kad jús ejat gulët _ agri vai vèlu? Kã jüs gufat? vai jüs varat ãtri aizmigt (to fatt asleep)? Ko jüs darãt, ja jüs nevar at aizmigt? Iegauméjiet! Learn by heart. Kas tev kai5? Man sãp galva/ir galvassãpes.
What is the matter with you? I have a headache.
72
Kas tev sãp? Vai tev sãp? Man ir nelabi (slikti). Man ir slikta dú5a. Man trúkst elpas. Man ir bezmiegs. Man ir vãja sirds. Atsauciet ãrstu! Rúpejies/rupèjieties par savu vesehbu! Izbeidzl-iet smëlet! NeparpüÌies/ nepãrpüÌieties! Vese! oj ies/ve se! oj i etie s! Tikai mieru! Neuztraucies/
What's the matter with you? Does it hurt? I don't feel well. I am nauseous.I feel sick. I can't catch my breath. I can't sleep. I have a bad heart. Call the doctor!
neuztraucieties par to! Sveiks un vesels.
Don't worry about it. Safe and sound!
Take care ofyourselfl Stop smoking! Don't overstrain yourself! Recover! Take it easy
lmperativs.- The lmperative. Usuallywe form the lmperativeby the verb in the 2nd personsingularor plural (PresentSimple)withoutthe personalpronountu or jús.
Bút - tu esi - esi! esiet!
Iet - tu ej - ej! ejiet!
Est - tu ed - èd! èdiet!
Dot - tu dod - dod! dodiet!
Braukt - tu brauc - brauc! brauciet!
Dzivot - tu dzivo - dzivo!
Slimot - tu slimo - neslimo!
dzivojiet! Veidojiet imperatrvu! Form the fúperative. Runát - tu runã - runa!
Strãdât - tu strãdã MazgaL - tu mazgã -
Jautãt - tu jautá -
Meklët - tu meklë -
bpelet
Domát
Kavët CeJot Varet - tu vari - ua.ri!uariet! Atbildet - tu atbiÌdi - atbildi! atbildiet! Cerét - tu ceri -
Redzet- tu redzi -
Lasit - tu Ìasi -
Dzirdét
73
Palidzét
ìjtavet
Je d e t
Gaidit
Darit
Parãdit
Rakstit
Dziedãt
Stástit
Mazgáties - tu mazgãjies - mazgajies! mazgajieties! Mâcities - tu mãcies - mq,cies! macieties!
Klausities - tu klausies-
Skatities- tu skaties-
Rüpëties- tu rúpejies-
Púlèties (to try hard) -
tu púlies Vesefoties(to recouer)- tu veseJojiesUztraukties - tu uztrauciesVeidojiet imperativu! Form the Imperative. 1. Es èdu pankúkas. Ed tu art! Ediet jas arr.! 2. Vi4i lasa un tulko tekstu latviski. 3. Jús meklëjat auditoriju. 4. Students zvanapa telefonu. 5. Arsts ãrstê slimnieku sÌimnicá. 6. Mës braucam uz universitáti katru ritu. 7. DaudzijaunieËi mãcásMedicinas fakultãtë. 8. Jús gaidát draudzeni lasitavã. 9. Jüs rãdãt ãrstam mëli. 10. Es studèjudaZãdasvalodas. Let us go! Iesim! Lasisim! Brauksim! Mãcisimies! Vãrdnica.- Vocabulary. saauksteties saauksteóanãs izvesefoties izveseloéanãs pãrpúlëties pãrpúlëóanãs -
I
T I II
I
(sa)redzètigs (sa) redzeóanãs uz redzeõanos uztraukties (es uztraucos) uztraukums agri vai vèlu 74
to catch cold cold to recover + recovery to overwork (oneself)' overwork, overstrain to seeeach other + meeting good-bye,seeyou Ìater! to be excited,to be alarmed excitement early or late
18. NODARBIBA
SMIEKLIIR VISLABÃKASZÃLES Kádam ãrstam bija pacients, kurS médza vi+u apturet uz ielas, kad vien vinÉ vi4u satika, un lúgt padomu.Arstam tas bija lidz kaklam, un vi4Énolêmato pármàcit. Tá nàkamajãreizé,kad pacientsaptureja árstu uz ielas un lüdza padomu par kãdu kaiti, dakteris lika vi4am aizvért acis un izbâzt meli. Tad vi4É aizgája projãm, atstádams pacientu uz ielas ar aizvertám acrm un izkártu méli.*
+ - Es domãju, ka cilvekiem vairãk bütu jãstaigã basám kãjãm' Tas ir veseligi. - GluZi manas d.omas.Personigi man, pieméram, vienmer, kad pamostos apautàm kájãm, Sausmigisáp galva.*+
+ - Kas ir skleroze? - Paskaidroéu tev ar. piemeru. Stãv liks vecitis ar tukÉu somu uz stúra un domá: "Vat es nãku no veikala vai vel tikai eju uz tur ieni?" ***
Tulkojiet! Translate. It was difficult to get up in the morning. Peter was in the bathroom, but I still lay in bed. we hurry home from university. we have much to do there. How long were you in the country? I was there the whole day. Would you please give me some change?I haven't any change just now. What a pity, I wanted to make a call. I don't know it by heart. Peter is sleepinglate this morning becausehe is ill. Mother givesPeter medicine for relieving cough.Imants has a headache,but he doesnot want to stay at home. The sky becamebrighter. I become rich. He becamea teacher.(Klút: hlústu - kluuu - klúéu') I often make mistakes (kludttíes).I don't understandthis word. The day before yesterday we were reading and writing in Latvian' Nobody spoke English. They were walking along the streets.It takes a long time. It is still early. It is not too late. Not too long ago I gave you my pen' 75
Iegaumëjiet! Learn by heart. pirms brlúa - a little while ago pèc briZa - in a moment pèc mirkfa - in a moment gadu no gada - from year to year visu dienu/nakti - all daylnight long kopõ kura laika? - since when? Pãrveidojiet tagadnè! Change into the Present tense. Es aicinãju viesus. Daüi (some)man atbildèja ar vëstuli. Mes meklèjãm savasgrãmatas.veikalnieks pelnija lielu naudu. Auditorijã mës runãjãm latviski. vai tu dzirdèji, ko mãte sacija?Ko tu man jautãji? Zers no ritiem mazgãjãs.Mës strãdãjãm lidz vëlam vakaram. vi4É rakst[ia vingrinãjumu. Jãnis redzëjalielu suni. saimniece vãrija mums pusdienas.Mès ar brãÌi gãjãm uz meíu. Es klausijosputnu dziesmãs. viTS meloja, kad stãstija par sevi. Es mãcijos un intensivi runãju latvieõu valodã. Es gribéju sarunãtiesar citiem. pemt - to take pa4emt (to tq.keaway), iz4emt (to tq,keout), troryemt (to taÌzeoff) likt - Ío put; to bid, to command uzlikt (to put on), nolikt (to put down), ietikt (to put in) Papildiniet tabulu! Complete the table. Tagadne - Present
Pagãtne - Past
Nãkotne - Future
es nemu un lieku tu 4em un liec vi4É/vi4a4em un liek mës... jüs ... vi4i/vi4as...
4emu un liku 4ëmi un liki 4êma un lika
4emÉuun likõu çemsi un liksi r,remsun liks
Imperative I T I
I
4emiet! lieciet! 76
Daudzpunktes vietã lieciet vãrdu ryemt vai liht! Fill in the gaps with qtem.t or liht in the correct form. Mãte ... dëlam salasit dãrzã ãbolus. Vi4a saka: "... un ... ábolus grozã (baslzet)!" Vi4É jautã: "Vai man vajag visus ábolus pëc tam ... skapi?" Mãte atbild: "Në, daãus ãbolus ...,nomazgã un ... uz É\
+ A good laugh * A doctor had a patient who used to stop him in the street whenever he met him, and ask his advice.The doctor had enough of this and he decidedto teach him a lesson.So the next time the patient stoppedhim in the street and askedhim adviceabout his pain, the doctor made him shut his eyesand put out his tongue. Then he went away,leaving the patient with his eyes shut and his tongue out. ** - I think that peopleshould walk barefootmore. It's very healthy. - My own thoughts exactly! Personally speaking,for example,I always have a terrible headachewhen I wake up with my shoes on. **'c - \4fhat is sclerosis? - I'll explain it to you with an example.A hunched little old man is standing on the corner and thinking: 'Am I coming from the shop or am I still on my way there...?" Vãrdnica.- Vocabulary. mègt (es mëdzu) satikt (es satieku) nolemt (es nolemju) lúgt (es lúdzu) aizvërt un atvert (es veru) izbazt un iebãzt (es bããu) pelnit melot salasrt (augfus) saukt (es saucu) vispirms, pec tam, tad vajadzet (man vajag)
to be in the habit (of), to be used (to) to meet to decide to ask, to beg to shut, to closeand to open to put out and to shove(into) to earn to lie, to tell tales to gather to call first of all, after that, then to need (I must) 77
likt (es lieku, tu liec)
1) to put, to place;2) to bid, to command,to make to put to bed to make to stand in the corner to leave in peace,to let alone to propose to make smb. to understand put that in your pipe and smokeit! to make smb. wait, to keep smb. waiting to seem,to appear(it seemsto me) it looks like rain
gulêt kaktã mierã priekóã saprast to aiz auss kãdam gaidit
likt likt likt likt likt liec likt
likties (man liekas) liekas. ka lis
Atgriezeniskaisvietniekvãrds.- The reflexive pronoun. sevis (áen.) Vi4É stásta par sevi. Es ieleju sev krúzi tëjas. Vi4É redz sevi spoguli.
He tells about himself. I pour myself a cup of tea. He seeshimself in the mirron
19. NODARBIBA
nicn uNvEcnicn ael- to go ffi
skriet - to run
braukt - to drive
iàt - to ride
\1+
ieiet
iebraukt
ieskriet
ieját
!9
íziel
izbraukt
izskriet
izjaL
aiziet
aizbraukt
aizskriet
aizjãt
@ \tl
apiet
apbraukt
apskriet
apját
itiltt
|ìR
pãriet
pãrbraukt
párskriet
pãrját
/R
pieiet
piebraukt
pieskriet
pieját
l%
ll
tr-
\L l-
\__J \L_ l
\L/€
78
x$s
saiet
sabraukt
saskriet
saját
ffi
uziet
uzbraukt
uzskriet
azjãt
noiet
nobraukt
noskriet
noját
atiet (to start, to leaue paiet (to pass, to be ouer; to go)
atbraukt (to arriue)
atskriet
atját
pabraukt (to pass by)
paskriet
7.14
m
dot - to give Iedot - to giue, to hand; izdot -to spend,to publish; izdot paveli - Ío issuean ord,er;izdot noziedznieku- to deliuer up; aizdot - to lend; pãrdot - to sell; piedot - to forgiue, to pardon (Piedodiet!);sadot t) to giue (a quantity), 2) to giue a slapping; uzdot - L) to set, 2) (uzticet) to charge (with\, to commissioru;nodot - l) to deliuer,to hand.ouer;2) nodot atklàtibai - to makepublic, 3) to betra.y;atdot to giue baclt, to return; padot - to pass,to han'd, to giue Riga un Vecnga Latvijá ir lielas un mazaspilsetas.Riga ir liela pilséta. Tá ir Latvijas galvaspilsëta.Riga ir arl veca pilséta. Rigá ir vecpilsëta,ko sauc par vecrigu. Rigai 2001.gadãbija 800. dzimÉanasdiena. cik gadu vecair Riga? Riga tika dibinãta (was found,ed)1201.gadã. Rigas centrã ir Latvijas universitãte, kas ir dibinãta 1919. gadá. No centra ar autobusiem,trolejbusiem un tramvajiem var aizbraukt uz daí'ãdàm Rigas vietám. uz kurieni jús braucat visbieãák?Ká jús braucat uz universitãti? varbút jüs nebraucat, bet ejat kãjãm? vai jüs jau bijãt Júrmalá? Júrmala ari ir Latvijas pilsëta. Tá ir pilséta pie Baltijas júras. Uz Jürmalu var átri aizbraukt ar elektrisko vilcienu' vecriga ir Rigas sirds. Tã atrodas starp Daugavu un Bastejkalnu un no KriÉjà4a valdemára ielas lidz 13. janvára ielai. vecriga it maza, 79
( I I q
bet foti interesanta pilsètas daJa.Tur ir jauki muzeji, skaistasmãjas, Éaurasielas, kuru nosaukumi stãsta par senãm profesijãm. Piemeram, KaÌëju íela (Blach,s rnith s' street), Miesnieku iela (Butchers' street) un Audêju iela (Weauers'street). Uz Smil5u (Sand) un Tor4a (Tower) ielas stúra ir Pulvertornis (Powdertower). Ja jüs ejat pa SmilËu ielu no Pulvertor+a pa labi, tad pa kreisi pãri ielai ir gan ministrijas, gan kafejnicas,bet ielas labajã puse ir veikali, bankasun restorãni. Pavisam (quite) tuvu ir Vecrigascentrs - Doma laukums (square).Doma katedrãlê ir |oti slavenasêrgeles(organ). Pastãstiet, kas jums vislabãk patik Vecrrgã! Atbildiet uz jautãjumiem! Izmantojiet dotos vardus! Answer the questions. IJse the given words. l. Ka oiziet uz staciju? Ej (ejiet) ta.isni un pa labi! Kã aiziet uz viesnicu?(iet, pa labi, viens kvartãls, uz stüra) Kã aiziet uz universitãti? (iet, taisni uz priekÉu,divi kvartãli) Kà aíziet lidz pieturai? (iet, pa kreisi, taisni, pa labi, pie parka) Kàaiziet uz pastu? (iet, gar tirgu, taisni, lidz stacijai) 2. Ka aizbraulztuz centru? Brquc (brauciet)3 pieturas ar 5. (piekto) tramuaju! Stacija - braukt, 4 pieturas, 21. autobuss Banka - braukt, viena pietura, 2. tramvajs Gaifezeraslimnica - braukt lidz galam, 14. vai 18. trolejbuss Júrmalas centrs - braukt, elektrovilciens,9 pieturas
80
3. Sahiet, Iúdzu, kur ir kafejníca? Nac (naciet)iekËa,ta ir 2' (otraia) staua. Viesnica- braukt, 5. trolejbuss, iet, viens kvartáls atpakaf Stüres iela - braukt, ... pieturas, ... tramvajs vai ... trolejbuss,vai ... autobuss 1. slimruca- braukt, viena pietura, 4. trolejbuss vai iet kãjãm 3 kvartáli Kad iet vilciensuz Jürmalu? 71.25,12.L5,L2.40.13.00,13.30 Cikos atiet autobuss?14.00,pêc 5 minütem Muzejs - braukt pa óo ielu taisni, pa kreisi, pa labi, atkal pa kreisi Atkartojiet imperativu! Pabeidziet teikumus, lietojot darbibas vardus imperativã! Repeat the Imperative. Finish the sentences, using the verb in the Imperative. Ja tu gribi lasít,lasi! Ja jús gribat lasít,lasiet! Ja tu negribi lasít, nelq,si!Ja jús ruegribatlasít, nelasiet! ! Ja jús negribat atbildèt,
Ja tu negribi atbildët,
Ja tu gribi iet,
! Ja jüs gribat iet,
Ja tu gribi jautát, Ja tu negribi gulet, Ja tu negribi ëst, 81
Ja tu gribi meklët, Ja tu negribi stãstit, Ja tu gribi braukt, Ja tu gribi maksãt, Ja tu nac, tad, nac atrak! Ja jús nah,at, tad naciet atrak!
Ja tu guli, tad guli un nerunã! Ja jüs Ja tu mãcies,tad mâciesun nepfãpã!Ja jüs
Ja tu klausies múziku, tad klausies un netraucë citus!
Ja tu dod naudu, tad dod un ilgi nedomã! Ja jüs
Vãrdnica.- Vocabulary. atrasties (es atrodos) nosaukums, vãrds stüris un kakts kvartãls taisni uz priekõu pa labi ün pa kreisi atpakaf uz priekõu un atpakaf stary
to be, to be situated (placed) name corner block straight on to the right and to the left back back and forth; backwards and forwards between
20. NODARBIBA
VESELIGSDZIVESVEIDS - Es esmu tik nomãkts un nevaru ne ar vienu norunãt tikËanos,savamárstam ZelojasL25 kg smagsvirietis. - Me$nãju darit visu, lai zaudétu svaru. Bet nekas nenalidz.
82
-'È a -
-
- Domãju, ka es varu palidzët, - teica ársts. - Apgërbietiesun esiet gatavs iziet no mãjas rit no rita pulksten 7'00! Nãkamajá ritá skaista sieviete pieklauvèja pie virieÉa durvim. - Ja jüs varat mani no\ert, jüs varat mani dabút, - vi4a teica, uzsãkot skrejienu. Vi4ó púzdams elsdamsvi4ai sekoja. Sadaveida skréjiensturpinàjãs katru dienu turpmãkos piecusmene5us.Virietis zaudëjavairák neká 50 kg un beidzotjutás pãrliecinãts, ka spëtu nolcert sievieti nákamajá dienã. Tajã ritá vi4É piaÉi atvera savasmãjas durvis un ieraudzija L25 kg smagu sievieti, kas vi4u tur gaidija. - Dakteris man teica, - vi4a sacija, - ka, ja es varu no\<ertjús, es varu jús dabút.x
+ Vecáki sa+emvëstuli no dela, kas atrodas vasarasatpütas nometnë: ,,Man iet labi. Laiks éeit ir lielisks. Sãku treneties boksã.Jaunã zobu suka man vairs nav vajadzrga."**
Prievãrdulietoiumsar akuzativu. The use of prepositionswith the Accusative.
1. ap - around
2. pâr - eboue, ouer
Ap gaÌdu séZstudenti. Ap vilu vienmer ir draugi.
Pãr ezeru lido putni. Pâr upi ir tilts.
Mës runãjam par Éo slimibu. Vai jús runãjat par medicinu? Es stradaju pqr masinu.
3. par - about
Vi4i gâja pret sauli. Tu esi nelaipns pret mani. Studenti cinãs pret slinkumu.
4. pret - againstl towards
5. starp - between
Starp veikalu un kafejnicu ir pietura.
6. caur - through
Meitene gãja caur meZu.
Vai jús gãjãt pa ielu, pa celu? Més staigãjãmpa parku, pa Vecrigu.
7. pa - alo n g , o n
8. gar - along, past, by
Mês gãjãm gar krastu. Gar cefa malu aug koki.
84
Kad jús iesietuz universitãti? Vai tu aizbrauci uz Júrmalu?
9. uz - to (uz kurieni? where (to)?)
Vi4a raksta ar zimuli un kritu. Katru rítu tu bruuc ar trolejbusu. Vi4a kopá ar draudzeni gatavojãs eksámenam.
10. ar - with
Lietojiet prievãrdus! Use the prepositions. párdevejuveikalã.
atpútu. VilÉ strádá
Es domãju
ievãrijumu. Sodien mës iesim
Man garËo saldéjums
teãtri. Vispirms vi4È pãriet ietvi (sidewallt). Mes cinámies
ielu, tad iet slinkumu. Mês cinàmies krastmalu.
mieru visã pasaule.Vir,ripastaigãjãs
máju un ler peli. Jús katru dienu braucat
Kakis skrien upi upi -
trolejbusu. Bet vasarás mës braucam laivu. Vai jüs ejat
lekciju?
Prievãrdulietoiumsar dativu. The use oÍ prepositionswith the Dative. 1. lidz - till, until, to
Es ÉeitbüÉulidz vakaram. Lidz vakardienai viTó vel bija Rigã. Lidz pastam ir tris kilometri. Cik tálu ir lidz universitãtei?
2. parí (ouer,aboue,e.cross),cauri (through), pretim, pretr (opposite), garann (past, by), apkãrt (around, roun'd, about),lldzi (with smb.),lidzãs (nexto, beside,side by slde),blaku s (beside,by the side, nex to), paka! (after, behind) 85
Ievietojiet vaj adzigo prievardu! Lse the correct preposition. Es braukóu
Stúres ielai. Pec tam es braukÉu
\Íes katru dienu braucam
Daugavai
universitãti. Vi4È slimoja brauca
kugi -
centru. centram
júras slimibu, kad
okeánu. Aizvakar es gãju
tiltam kãjãm, tad izgãju -
Vecrrgai,apgáju
Brivibas
piemineklim parkam un _ operai ieraudziju (ieraudzit - to get sight of) Ekonomikas fakultãti. Pastãstiet, kãds ir júsu ikdienas marõruts (route)! Par ko jüs patlaban domãjat? Pastãstiet, kã jüs rúpèjaties par savu veselibu! Vai jús no ritiem skrienat? Thereflexive possessive pronoun"savs,sava',refersÌo allpersons. lt agrees withthenounit qualiÍies in numberandgender.lt is declinedlikean indefinite adjective. Es lasu savu grãmatu (fem. sg.).1amreading my book.Es lasu savas grãmatas (fem.pl.). I am reading my boolzs.Tu gaidi savus brà]us (masc.pl.). Youare waiting for your brothers.Mès gaidãm savu brãli (masc. sg.).Weare waiting for our brother. Es lasu tavu grãmatu. I am reading your book. Tu Ìasi manu grámatu. You are reading my booh. Lietojiet pareizo piederibas vietniekvãrdu! Use the right possessivepronoun. Vai tu lasi (my)
grãmatu?Në, es lasu (my)
Vai tu lasi (my)
grãmatu?Jã, eslasu Qour) _grãmatu.
Es pats/-i (I myselfl gribu lasit (my) _
grãmatu. Kur jr (my)
grãmata?
I
I I
I
Piecusgadus vecã Ilzite kãdu dienu mãtei jautá: - Mãmi4, vai katram bërnam ir savs tëvs? - Protams,meiti4, jã. 86
grãmatu.
ir tie - Bet mës tacu esamtris bërni - Velga,Dzintra un es' Kur tad divi pãrëjie tévi?***
o *-I'msodepressedandlcan'tgetdates,-the125-kilomancomplained to iris doctor.I've tried everything to lose weight' - I think I can help, - said the doctor' - Be dressedand ready to go out tomorrow at 7.a.m. úext morning a beautiful woman knocked on the man's door' - If you can catch me' you can have me, - she said' as she took off. He huffed and puffed after her' This routine went ãrre.y day for the next five months' The man lost more than 50 kilos aná felt confident that he would finally catch the woman the next day. That morning he whipped open his front door and found a 125-kilo woman waiting for him. _ The doctor told me, _ she said, _ that if I can catch you, I can have you. ** Parents receive a letter from their son who is at a summer holiday camp: to "Everl'thing is o.k. here' The weather is great' I've started more'" learn toxing. I don't need my new toothbrush any *** One day little five year old Ilze asks her mother: - Mummy, doesevery child have its own father? - Ofcourse, daughterl are - But we're threã children - Velga,Dzintra and I' So where the other two fathers? Vãrdnica.- VocabularY. tilts nelaipns crnities vesture krÍts atpúta atpústies (es atpúóos) miers {<ert (es keru) pele tãlu vai tuvu
bridge unkind, unfriendlY to struggle, to fight history chalk rest to rest peace to catch mouse far or near 87
21.NODARBIBA
KASTEVIR, UN KA TEV NAV? -
Vai jüs Èodien ejat uz Kalni4a lekciju? Jã. Labãk neejiet! Saka, ka vi4a lekcijas ir sliktas. Diemãëlman jãiet. Redziet,es esmu KalnilÉ. Çenitivs. - The Genitive.
The genitivecasegenerally denotespossession. In Englishlhe possessrve caseis formedby adding- s to thenoun(insg.)or by adding' (apostrophe) to thenoun(inpl.).ln Latvian thepossessive caseprecedes thenounit reÍers to; Íeyamãja- father'shouse;kokazars- branchof a tree. The genitive endings are: 1. tevs tëva (fqther's) cepure 2. brãlis brãla mãja gulbis (swan) gulbja dziesma cirvis cirvja kàts (axe handle, handle of the axe) 3. tirgus tirgus cena(marÌzetprice) 4. mãsa mãsas (sister's)grãmata 5. puhe pul,<eskãts 6. acs acs plaksti4É Aiü
tevu (fathers,) cepures brãfu mãja gulbju (,,Gulbju ezers,,) cirvju kàti (ofthe axes) tirga mãsu (sls/ers)gtãmatas pul,
í ttotel t-.
1 lhe noun afterthe verb navis in the genitivecase. Man (dat.) nav mãsas (gen.). I have no sister. Têvamnav darba. Father has no work. Bràlim nav ciwja. The brother hasno axe. Man nav labas draudzenes,laba drauga,labu bràlu, labu mãsu. A noun denotingmeasure,a numeralor an adverbdenotingindefinitenumoer (maz- little/Íew;daudz- much/plenty/alot/agreat/many)agreeswith a noun in the genitive. maz grãmatu - few books daudz grãmatu- many books maz naudas- littlemoney daudz naudas- much money Maz naudas,maz bêdu. - Littlemoney,littleworries, Cik ?- How m u c h ,h o w m a n v ?
88
kilogramscukura- kg of sugar tonna naftas- ton of oi desmit bernu- ten children koka galds - a woodentable zida drêbes- a silk dress zeltagredzens- a gold ring kukulismaizes- a loaÍ oÍ bread Pievienojiet lietvãrdus $enitivã! Add nouns in the genitive to denote the possessor or substance of the following. . . . dãr z s ; . . . g rã m a ta ; ... c i rv i s ; ... g a l ds; ... gredzens; ... kl ei ta; ... c epur e; . . . d ra u g s ; ... s m a rí,a ;... l a p a (l e a.fl ;...l apa(sheet);... krasts; ... pudeles; ... universitãte; ... fakultãte; ... valdiba; ... vëstnieciba; ... veikals: ... valoda: ... iela: ... skolotãis Ievietojiet galotnes! Add the correct endings. Tev- mâja ir liel-. Mãt-- dãrzs ir skaist-. Tur nãk brã!- draug-. Maiz-smarZa ir lab-. Man- zelt- gredzens ir skaist-. Mums ir daudz naud--. Mums nav dzivokf-. Kok-- (lok.,pl.) ir ãbol-. Tie ir kaimil- ãboli. Es dzivoju Brivib-- ielã. Mums ir lekcijas Rai4- bulvãrÍ, Aspazij-- bulvãri, Sarlot-- ielã un VisvalZ- ielá. Mes dzivojam Stúr-- ielã, bet citi studenti dzivo Bastej- bulvãri. Medicin-- fakultãt-- studentiem prakse ir Bi\erniek- slimnic-, Rig-- 1. (pirmajã) slimnic- un Stradi4- slimnic-, bet Ekonomik-- fakultãt-- studenti strádá bank-- un firm--. Rig- ir skaist- park-, daudz skaist- park-. Daudz laim-- dzimÉan-- dienã! Veidojiet noliegrrmu! Change into the negative. Man ir grãmata. Brãlim ir sieva. Man ir laiks. Tëvam ir dárzs. Jurim ir lampa. Tev ir koka galds. Ilzei ir bràlis. Jums ir ka\is. Cilvëkiem ir libs garastãvoklis. Dãrzniekam ir pulres. Vi4am ir labas zinãÉanas. Sodien tirgu ir banãni un zemenes. Manã darzâ ír gurli un tomãti. Attention! Vienskaitlis (Singular)
N. kas? ç. kã? D. kam? A. ko? L. kur? V -
Daudzskaitlis
brãlis, cirvis brã!a, cirvja brãlim, cirvim brãli, cirvi brãli, cirvi brãli! cirvi!
(Plural)
brafi, cirvji bráfu, cirvju brãliem, cirvjiem brãfus, cirvjus brãlos, cirvjos brafi! cirvji! 89
I
Iegaumèjiet!
o Note! akmens, mëness, rudens, asmens (blade, edge), üdens un zibens tTightning) - change the consonants only in the plural: akmeçi, mëneói, rude4.i, asme4i, úde4i, ziber,ri. The words uiesís, tëtis don't have any consonant changes: uiesi, teti.
But: Pie debesimir mèness.Sodienpie debesimnav mëness. Tagad ir apriJamënesis.Si mëneÈapëdèjádiena ir saulaina.Gadã ir 12 mëneÉi.Kádi? VãrdnÌca. - Vocabulary.
man jãiet kaimi4S garastãvoklis zinãõanas
I must go neighbour mood knowledge
22.NODARBIBA
MES BRAUCAMVIESOS Tur jau nãk müsu autobuss.List. Mes, pieci Latvijas Universitátes Medicinas fakultãtes pirmá kursa studenti, braucam viesospie drauga Jãna. Drauga májãs mús sagaidaviesmiligi. "Nãciet iekÉã!"saucmãjasmãte, Jãqa mãmi4a. 'Jüs taõu esat slapji kã zvirbuli! Náciet te, pie krãsns! Te ir silts. Driz bús ari silts ëdiens un karsta teja. Jüs varat te palikt, kamer lietus beigsies." "Liels paldies!"mès sakãm."Gan jau viss büs kàrtibã. Bús labi." Mãjãs ir ari músu drauga Jã4a mãsa Maija, jo vi4a pa5laik ir slima. Citãdi vi4a tagadjau bütu Londonã,kur mácásmedicinasskolã. Kad vi4a beigsskolu, vi4ai bús speciãlssertifikãts, ko nevar iegut Latvijá. Vi4a apgust speciálumediciniskãsaprúpesprogrammu. "Kas tev kaiÉ?"jautã mans grupas biedrs Ansis, profesionãli,ká nákamais ãrsts skatidamiesMaijai acis. "Man ir iesnas un klepus. Vakar bija ari neliela temperatúra. Àrã rLemazneeju, bet man jau jábút skolá. Tur mani gaida," raud Maija. "Es zinu labu lidzekli pret saaukstëÉanos. Daüreiz labi palidz klepus záles, bet var lietot ari zãfu tejas," mãca cits mans grupas biedrs Andris.
90
${q
"Es visu laiku daudz dzeru daããdastejas, bet medus ar pienu, ko tãdos gadijumosparasti dzer latvieÈi,man negarÈo,"Zëlojasmeitene. "Varbüt tev vajag kãdas zãlesno aptiekas?" ierosina Anna. "Varbüt gribi, lai izsauc ãrstu? Galu galã mës ari esamnákamie ãrsti. Varbüt varam palidzét?" "Në, në, tas nav nepiecieéami.Es ceru, ka rit jau büs labãk," slimniece piebilst. Krãsni deg uguns. Te ir foti mãjigi. Jãqa mãte cienã mús ar pusdienãm. Més dzeramteju un ëdampirãgus. Bet vislabák mums garSo maize ar Latvijas medu. Pèctam mës klausãmiesmüziku, skatãmies Jã4a têva videofilmu un klausãmies,ko vi45 stãsta par dzivi Latvijá. Atpaka| uz Rigu mës braucam ar nakts vilcienu. Debesisir skaidras, spid zvaigznes.Pie debesimir spoZsmëness.Rit noteikti lietus nebüs, kaut gan tagad ir pavasarapirmais mënesisun laiks ir foti lietains.
+ No rita mes vèl gulam, bet Juris jau ir piecëliesun virtuve gatavo brokastis - vãra putru un kafiju, cep zivis un olas, gatavo sviestmaizes,uzliek uz galda tasites, Ë\
"I;oti labi, ãél tikai, ka bija lietus. Bijãm Júrmalã, bet neredzëjãm jüru. Tã ir foti jauka gimene,un mums vi4i visi patika, bet jo seviõI,
f But! o lznèmums.Exception. acs- acuãrsts;auss- ausuãrsts;balss- balsuvairãkums (maiority of votes); debesis- debesukrãsa;valsts- Baltijasvalstuiedzivotãji; zoss (goose)zosugans(goose-herd) ; mute- mutu(muëu- Í/y);aste- astu;kaste- kastu;pase- pasu;kase- kasu
Prievãrdulietojumsar $enitivu. The use of prepositionswith the Genitive.
t. aiz - behind. 2. virs - aboue 3. zern - under
Aiz loga aug koks. Aiz manis ir siena. Virs plaukta ir glezna.Virs galvas ir zila debess. Zem galdasëZkakis. Zem mãjas ir pagrabs.
92
4. pie - at 5. no - from 6. pèc - after
Pie veikala stãv faudis. Pie slimnicas ir parks. Vi45 nãk no universitãtes. Vi4i ir no Polijas. Pëc eksãmenamës atpüÉamies.Mës iesim uz universitãti pëc stundas. 7. pirms - before Tas bija pirms gada.Vi4a aizgàjapirms tevis. 8.bez - without Bez grãmatas ir grüti mãcities. 9. kopé - since Virli dzivo Latvijã kopÈseptembra.KopÉ vakardienaslist lietus. 10. uz - on Grãmatas ir uz galda. (kur? - where?\ 11. dêf - /or Tas ir tikai mufl,
Stúres ielai jãbrauc -
gripu.
lekcijasun gãja
tramvaju. Vi4i satikãs
auditorijaspulcejasstudenti.
lekciju, kurã pasniedzëjs stástÌs
jaunumiem fizikã. Tas ir lektors studenti brauks
lekcijasvi4i atkãrto
to, cik grüta ir latvieÉu valoda.
vingrinájumus. Vir,riruná Studente iet -
kafejnicu.
Tallinas. -
kopmitni.
prakses nevar apgut
profesiju. Slimnica atrodasPãrdaugavá,un táde| ir jábrauc tiltu. Vãrdnica.- Vocabulary. stipri list kamër citádi bútu raudãt zãfu tëja gadÌjums parasti ierosinãt nepiecieõams
it is pouring (with rain) whiÌe otherwise shouldbe to weep herbal tea case usually Io suggest necessary 93
tam
c€ret piebilst un iebilst (es iebilstu) prrãgs hasm deg uguns vilciens spidet (es spídu) spoZs piecelties putra taisrt, gatavot jo seviõki atgriezties (es atgrieáos) aste kaste kase fizika gripa
to hope to add and to object pie there is a fire in the oven train to shine bright to get up porridge to make extraordinarily to return tail box cashbox physics influenza, grippe
23. NODARBIBA
ES JUMSGRIBUPASTASTIT PAR... Darbibas vardu lietojiet vajadzigajã formâ! Use the verb in the correct form. Es jums gribu pastãstit par Ritu. Rita (bút) (dzivot)
Rigá. Agrãk meitene (dzivot)
un katru dienu (braukt) -
(strãdát)
latviete. Vir,ra Júrmalã
uz Rigu ar vilcienu. Tagad vi+a
veikalã. Vinai (patikt)
darbs. Pirms gada vi4ai (nepatikt)
vinas
runãt ar pircêjiem,
bet tagad vi4a ir apmierináta. Pirms darba Rita (vingrot) un (gatavot) (dzert) vi4a (várit)
brokastis. Vi4a (ëst) pienu. Vziijüs ari (dzert) vai (sildit) 94
omleti un pienu? Daí,reíz kafiju. Pëc darba
Rita (iet)
uz parku ar suni. Vi4a labprát (staigãt)
kopá ar suni, an sunim (patikt)
staigãt pa parku.
Svètdienãsvi4a(gaidit)-autobusuun(braukt) uz Jürmalu, kur (dzÌvot)_
vi4as mãmi4a. Tad vi4a (strãdãt)
darzã,kopã ar mãti (pusdienot)_ vir,rasari (ëst) Darbã Rita (büt)
,bet daúreiz
vakari4as kopã. deviqos.Vi+a (redzët)-
un (dzirdèt)
pircëjus
, ko vi4i (runãt)
(pirkt)
. Kãda sieviete
Zurnãlus un avrzes.Rita (skaitit)
naudu. Vi4a to (darit)
uzmanigi, bet (kJúdities)
. Vi4a vël tikai (mãcities) pãrdevèju. Kundze (sacit) vèlreiz un tad (atbildët)
strãdãt par
: "Nepareizi!,, Rita (skaitit) : ,,Piedodiet,lüdzu,
es túlit jums (izdot)
pareizil" Péc tam viTa fiautãt) : "Sakiet, lüdzu, vai jums ir siknauda (small change)?"
Kundze (iedot)
srknaudu, bet Rita (sacit) _
"Uz redzêÉanos! Es (cerët)
, ka rit (redzët)_
atkal. Parit gan mes (nestrãdãt) Parit (büt)
: jüs
1,,
brivdiena,jo tad ir svëtki. Rita (gribet)_
apciemotvecmãminu.Vi4a (domãt)
, ka (varët)
aizbraukt ari uz Júrmalu, kur vir,ru(gaidit) _ tad vi+i (aiziet)
vecãki.Varbüt
uz meáu,jo visi gimenë (bút) _
lieli dabas mifotãji. Rudeni vini parasti (ogot) un (së4ot) , ziemã (slepot) , bet pavasarr un vasarã (elpot)
svaigu gaisu, io meZs ir planëtas plau5as. Starp
citu, ari sunim (patikt) (redzët)
meklët meZã sènes.Kad viné
sëni,vi4õ (sacit) 95
"Vau! Vau! Te tã ir."
Atbildiet uz j autãjumiem! Answer the questions. Kur Rita strãdá? Kã jüs domájat, vai Rita ir precéjusies?Kur dzivo Ritas vecáki? Kápëc parit Rita nestrãdãs?Kãdus svetkusjüs zinát? Káds ir Ritas vafasprieks/hobijs?Kã jüs domãjat, vai Rita ir laba darbiniece?Ko vi4a dara no ritiem? Kã jüs domájat,cik gadu ir Ritai? Ko vi4a dara svëtdienãs?Kã vi4a pavada (to spend) brivo laiku? Kur jüs përkat Zurnãlus?Vai jums vienmër ir siknauda?Ko jüs darãt, kad siknaudasnav? (mainTt- to change) Pastãstiet par kãdu savu darbdienu uÌÌ svëtdienu! Tell about your working day and Sunday.
Cikosjús cefaties?
Vai jüs vingrojat no ritiem?
Kur jüs brokastojat? Kojús parasti edat un dzerat brokastis?
Ko vël jús darát no rita, kamër esat mãjàs?
Cik ilgr jüs braucat lidz centram? Cikos sãkaslekcijas?Cik lekciju jums ir katru dienu? Kãdas tás ir? Kur ir Éislekcijas? Ko jús darãt pec lekcijám?
Darbibasvãrds. The Verb, 1. konjugãcija (Infinitivs - Tagadne- Pagátne- Nãkotne) augt - es augu - augu - augsu tu audz - augi - augsi vilÈ/vila aug - auga - augs mës augam - augãm - augsim jús augat - augãt - augsit/augsiet vir,ri/vilas aug - auga - augs sákt - es sãku - sãku - sãkéu tu sãc
to grow 1g-dz)
to begin, to start (k-c)
(e-ç) mest - es mçtu - metu - metiÉu ëst - es Çdu - edu - ëdiÉu ç-[re] nest - es nçsu - nesu - nesiÉu vest - es vçdu - vedu - vedi5u 4emt - es +çmu - 4emu - neméu cept - es cçpu - cepu - cepÉu bègt - es bÇgu - bêgu - bêgÉu(tu bèdz)
to throw, to cast to carry to lead, to guide to tahe to roast, to fry, to bah,e to fl.ee,to run away
dzert - es dzeru - dzeru - dzerÉu (r-ry) bèrt - es beru - bëru - bêrÉu to pour, to strew es l,<erÈu to catch, to strike \<ert lreru $eru (l-!) celt - es cefu - cëlu - ceÌÉu to lift, to raise celties - es cefos- celos- celéos to rise, to get up tu celies cèIies celsies viló/vila celas - cëlás- celsies més cefamies- cëlámies- celsimies jús cefaties- céÌáties* celsities/celsieties Lietojiet darbibas vardu pareizajã formã! Put the verb in the correct form. agri, bet Sorit (piecelties)
Katru ritu es (celties)
velák nekã parasti. Cikos jús parasti (celties) ? Cikos jüs (celties) svëtdiená?Manas lekcijasparasti (sãkties)
s7
nãkamajã 8.30,bet
ïakar Lsãkties) e-
tikai 10.30.Brokastis es vienmër májás, bet vakar (èst) -
kafejrucã. Es tur (pa4emt)
universitãtes
glãzi sulas, smalkmaizites
un uz paplãtes (tray) (aiznest)
lidz galdam. Mãjãs es
parastinoritiem(cept)-omleti,kurai(uzbërt)sâÌi. Es (dzert) tèju, kurai (piebert) tejkarotes cukura. Man garÉosalda teja. Vakar es (èst)
divas
desu,bet man pie kãjãm (sèdët)
kakis. Es (nomest)
gabalu desas ka\im,
to un (aizbëgt)
kas (nol,<ert)
. Kal,
(aiznest)
desu saviem bërniem, kas (dzivot)
pagrabá. Ka\eniem (kittens) ir bail, un vi4i (bCgD no cilvëkiem.
Rit mês (celties)
agri un kopã (est)
brokastis,jo (braukt)
viesos.Mès (lemt)
mugursomu (kit-bag)un (nest) jo tã ir smaga(heauy).
to visi pëckãrtas (in turn),
Vãrdnica.- Vocabulary. apmierinãt suns pirkt (es përhu) uzmanigi kfúdÍties nepareizi vëlreiz elpot svaigs gaiss planèta plauóas starp citu
to satisfy dog to buy carefuly to be mistaken, to be wrong wrong, incorrect once more to breathe fresh air planet lungs by the way
q9,
24. NODARBIBA
MANSDRAUGSVAI MANADRAUDZENE Pastãstiet par savu draugu vai draudzeni, izmantojot óádus jautãjumus! Tell about your friend answering the following questions. Kã saucjüsu draugu vai draudzeni? Kas vinÉ/vina ir? No kurienes virré/vila ir? Kas ir vi4a/vir,rasdzimtene? Ko vi4é/vi4a dara? Kur strãdã? Kur mácás? Kur vilË/vi4a dzivo?Vai bieZi ejat pie vi4a/vi4as viesos? Kãds/kãdair jüsu draugs/draudzene? (Use;liels, mazs,rss,garÉ,videja auguma; kádi ir mati, kãdas ir acis, káda ir mute, káds ir deguns;vai vi4É ir jauks, simpátisks, glits; vai viqÉ ir precéjies,vai vi4a ir precejusies.) Vai vi4É ir labs draugs?Vai vi4a ir laba draudzene? (Vai jús bieZi esat kopã? Vai jús bieZi vi4am/vi4ai zvanãt? Kãds ir vina/vinas telefona numurs?) Vai jüsu draugam/draudzeneiir fimene? (Cik liela ir [-imene?Vai vi4am/viqai ir tévs, máte, mãsa,brãlis, vecvecãki,tëvocis,tante, krusttévs, krustmáte, citi radinieki? Vai vi4am/ vir,iai ir daudz draugu, draudze4u, pazi4u, radinieku, brãlënu, mãsrcu,kaimir,ru?) Kas vi4am/vilai patik? Kas nepatik? Kas garÉoun kas negarÉo? Kàds ir vi+a/vi4as vafasprieks/hobijs? Ar kãdu sporta veidu vi+Ë/vi4a nodarbojas(nodarbotiesar sportu to go in for sport)? Kãdu múzikas instrumentu viqÉ/vi4a spële?Kãdu müziku klausãs? Kas jums ir kopigs (common) un kas at5lirigs (d,ifferent)? Vai jums ir vienãda (identical, the sameos) gaume? Jautãjumi. - Questions. KAS? Kas vi4É (vi4a, vir,ri,vi4as) ir? Kas tas (tá, tie, tãs) ir? Kas runã? Kas noticis? Kas notiek? fef Ká nav?
Who is he (she)?What is he? Who are they? What are they? What is that? What are these(those)? Who is spealzing? Whclthas happened? What is happening?What is going on? What is missing?WhaLisn'Lhere? 99
Kã darbs tas ir? Kã, lüdzu?
WhoseworÌt is ít? What,please?Sorcy? What did you say? Kã ktâjas (kã iet)? How are you getting on? Kã jús sauc? What is your name? Kã jüs domãjat? What do you thinlz? What do you mean? KAM? Kam tu zvani? Whom are you phoning (calling)? Kam ir bifete? Who has a tichet? Kam pieder Si soma? Whosebag is it? KO? Ko jús vëÌaties? What would you lihe? Ko tu dari (jús darãt)? What are you doing? AR, KO? Ar ko jüs nodarbojaties? What ir your profession?What is your hobby? Ar ko tu brauc uz darbu? How do you get to your work? Ar ko kopã tu brauc With whom do you go to uz darbu? your work? Ar ko jüs runãjat? Who are you talhing to? Ar ko vi4rÉsÌimo? What is his desease(illruess)? PAR KO? Par ko jús strãdãjat? What ir your specialityl occupation? Par ko tu domã? What are you thinlzing q,boutl of? Par ko jús runãjat? What are you speakingabout? KLIR? Kur atrodas ...? Whereis ... ? Kur jús dzivojat? Wheredo you liue? Kur jüs strãdãjat? Wheredo you worh? KAD? Kad jüs esat dzimis? When wereyou bornT Kad man jásãk strãdãt? When must I start my work? CIKOS? Cikos sãksieskoncerts? At whqt time will the concert begin? CIK? Cik tas maksã? How much doesit cost? Cik ir pulkstenis? Whot time is it now? Cik tãlu tas ir? How far is it? Cik ilgr? How long (is it)? Cik bieZi? How often? faPnCZ Kãpëcjüs nokavëjãt? Why are you late? KADEI/? Kãdel vi4È nenãk? Why doesn't he come? KADA? Kãda ir júsu mãja? Whqt is your house? KADS? Kãds laiks bús rit? What will the weather be tike tomorrow?
100
KURS? KURA? VAI ...?
Who is the first? Who is the fírst? May I take? Can I take? Might I? Do you h,now(thut) ...? Is your father at home? Are they ...? Haue you got a brother?Do you haue a.brother?
KurÉ ir pirmais? Kura ir pirmã? Vai drikst? Vai jús zinãt,ka ...? Vai tëvs ir mãjãs? Vai vi4i ir ...? Vai tev ir brális?
Veidojiet jautãjumus! Make questions. SodienAusma istabá raksta vëstuli Já4a draugam. Kos Éodienraksta véstuli Jáqa draugam?Ausma' Ko dara Ausma?Ausma raksta vëstuli Jã4a draugam. Kod Ausma raksta vëstuli Jã4a draugam?Sodien. Kur SodienAusma raksta vèstuli Já4a draugam?Istabã. KorruóodienAusma istabá raksta vëstuli? Já4a draugam. Ka (kadam) draugam óodienAusma istabã raksta vestuli? Jã4a. 25. NODARBIBA
KO JÚS ESATIZDARIJIS/-USI? VienkãróãPagãtne.- SimPle Past. Ko jús darijãt vakar? Es ëdu küku un dzëru limonãdi, sastapos ar draugiem, spëleju klavieres un ciemojos pie vecãkiem, lasiju grãmatu un mãcijos latvieÉu valodu, gãju uz izstãdi un atcerëjos savu bërnibu un më !'inãj u u zrakstit vèstuli b ernibas drau gam. Saliktã tagadne. - Present Perfect' to be (Present Simple) * Past Participle
E* l t.
.t r
I l(tae.t
Vir. dz. (masc.)
Siev dz. (fem.)
vreNS K.
-ls
(sg.)
-ies
-usl -usies
daudzsk. -USÌ (pt.) -usles
-usas -uÉãs 101
Es esmu (neesmu) Tu esi ineesi) \ìné. r'iTa ir (nav) \Iès esam (neesam) Jús esat (neesat) Vilry'-as ir (nav)
!
ëddzersastapspëtèjciemojmazgaj-
lasijmaãilCajatcerejmëginãj-
Note: Tikties: es tikos; es esmu tikusies; vina ir tikusies; vi4È ir ticies k-c Augt: es augu; es esmu augusi; vi4a ir augusi; vi4È ir audzis g-dz
Studente ir bijusi Tallinã (has been).Vai tu ari esi bijis(_usi)Tallinã? Vir,riÈodienir satikuËies(hauemet). Mès neesamjús redzëjuÈikopéjanvãra. (we haue not seenyou since January.) Vai jüs esat kãdreiz redzéjuËies?(Haueyou euermet?) Es esmu rakstijis, uzrakstijis; rakstijusi, uzrakstijusi (I haue written). Es neesmu raksttjis ... (I haue not writteil. Vai tu esi rakstijis? (Haueyou written?) students bija uzrakstijis (he had written) vingrinãjumus, pirms vina mãte pãrnãca mãjãs (cemehome). Lidz ritam studentsbüs uzrakstrjis(wiil hauewritten) vingrinãjumus. Atbildiet uz jautãjumiem! Answer the questions. Kur jús esat dzimis(-usi)?Kur jüs esat mãcijies(-usies)? Kad jüs esat beidzis(-usi) skolu? Ko jüs esat redzejis(-usi) Rigã? Ar ko jus esat saticies(satikusies)Éeit?vai jüs esat kãdreiz bijis (-usi) sigutaa?vai jüs esat Ëeit uzzinãjuÉi kaut ko jaunu? Kãds jums seit ir"bijis interesantãkaispiedzivojums?Kur jús esat Rigá mãcijuéies?Kurlüs esat Latvijã bijuéi? Veidojiet salikto laiku! Use the perfect tense. _Pernmani vecãki bija Somijã. Mana draudzeneaizbrauca uz poliju. vi4a tur apprecëjãs.Gadu vi4È dzivoja Indijã. Rakstnieksdaudz strãdãja, un rezultãtã radãs (rasties - Ío appear) interesants darbs. Mes lasrjãm Éo darbu ar lielu interesi. Jüs bieài klausijãties Éo múziku. Bet vai jüs noskatijãtiesjauno filmu? Kad lekcijas beidzãs,vi4i gãja uz mãjãm. Kad eksãmeni beigsies,mës ari brauksim uz mãjám. Es
102
KLT.S? KLIRA? VAf ...?
KurS ir pirmais? Kura ir pirmã? \:ai dnkst?
tr'ào is the first? Wo ís the first? May I take? Can I td,lre? Might I? Do you hnow (that) ...? Is your father at home? Are they...? Haue you got a brother?Do you haue a brother?
Vai jüs zinat,ka...? Vai tëvs ir mãjãs? Vai vi4i ir ...? Vai tev ir brãlis?
Veidojiet jautãjumus! Make questions. SodienAusma istabã ralzstavestuliJãla draugam. Kos Éodienraksta vestuli Jã4a draugam?Ausma. Ko dara Ausma?Ausma raksta vèstuli Jã4a draugam. Kod Ausma raksta vëstuli Jã4a draugam?Sodien. Kur ÈodienAusma raksta vestuli Jã4a draugam?Istabã. Kam ÉodienAusma istabã raksta vestuli? Jã4a draugam. Ka (kadam) draugam ÈodienAusma istabã raksta vCstuli?JaIla.
25. NODARBIBA
KO JÜS ESATIZDARIJIS/.USI? Vienkãróãpagãtne.- Simpte past. Ko jüs darÌjãt vakar? Es ëdu kúku un dzèru limonãdi, sastapos ar draugiem, spëlèju klavieres un ciemojos pie vecãkiem, Iasiju grãmatu un'mãerjos latvie5u valodu, gãju uz izstãdi un atcerejos savu bernibu un mè$'inãju uzrakstit vëstuli bërnibas draugam. Saliktã tagadne. - Present perÍect. to be (Present Simple) * Past Participle
t*l
t Iftas.ll I
I I I
I
Vir. dz. (masc.)
Siew dz. (fem.)
vrensk.
-ls
(ss.)
-res
-ust -usies
daudzsk. -usl (pL) -ustes
-usas -USAS
101
Es esrnuineesmu) Tu esi rneesi) \ìn5. r'i4a ir (nav) \Iés esam (neesam) Jús esat (neesat) Viuri-as ir (nav)
!
èdd,zërsastapspèlëjciemojmazgãj-
ÌasiìmaóilCàjatcerejmëginãj-
Note: Tikties: es tikos; es esmu tikusies; vi4a ir tikusies; viqs ir ticies k-c Augt: es augu; es esmu augusi; vi4a ir augusi; vi4È ir audzis g-dz
Studente ir bijusi Tallinã (has been).Vai tu ari esi bijis(-usi) Tallinã? Vi4i Ëodienir satikuÉies(hauemet). Mês neesamjüs redzejuÈikopËjanvãra. (Wehaue not seenyou since January.) Vaijüs esat kãdreiz redzéjuÉies?(Haueyou euermet?) Es esmu rakstijis, uzrakstijis; rakst{usi, uzrakstrjusj (I haue writ_ ten). Es neesmu rakstijis ... (I haue not written). Vai tu esi rakstijis? (Haueyou written?) Students bija uzrakstrjis (he had.written) vingrinãjumus, pirms vina mãte pãrnaca mãjãs (camehome). Lidz ritam studentsbüs uzrakstrjis(witt hauewritten) vingrinãjumus. Atbildiet uz jautãjumiem! Answer the questions. Kur jús esatdzimis(-usi)?Kur jüs esat mãcijies(-usies)? Kad jús esat beidzis(-usi) skolu? Ko jüs esat redzéjis(-usi) Rigã? Ar ko jïs esat saticies(satikusies)Éeit?Vai jüs esat kãdreiz bijis (_usi)Siguida?Val jús esat Éeit uzzinãjuÉi kaut ko jaunu? Kãds jums Éeit ir bijis interesantãkaispiedzivojums?Kur jús esat Rigã mãcijuËies?Kurlus esat Latvijã bijuÈi? Veidojiet salikto laiku! Use the perfect tense. mani vecãki bija somijã. Mana draudzeneaizbrauca uz poliju. _P-ërn vina tur apprecèjãs.Gadu viçÈ dzivojaIndijã. Rakstnieksdaudz strãdãja, un rezultãtã radãs (rasties - to appear) interesants darbs. Mes lasljãm Éo darbu ar lielu interesi. Jüs biezi klausijãties Éo múziku. Bet vai jüs noskatijãtiesjauno filmu? Kad lekcijas beidzãs,vi4i gãja uz mãjãm. Kad eksãmeni beigsies,mes ari brauksim uz majám. Es
r02
Éeit apmeklèju daZãdas lekcijas. Tu guvi (Cut - to get) labu pieredzi. Es nemaz neatpütos. Vai jüs redzejãt Ëo izstãdi? Lekcija nesen sãkãs. Nodarbiba jau beidzãs. Pastãstiet, ko jús esat izdarijis/-usi, paveicis/-kusi óo latvieSu valodas nodarbibu laikã, kã jüs esat strãdájis/-usi un kãdus rezultãtus guvisÊusi! Tell what you have accomplished during your Latvian lessons, how you have worked and what results you have achieved. Lasiet un meginiet pastãstit! Read and try to retell. Sovasar Jãnitis ciemojás pie vectëti4a laukos. - Saki nu, mazdëIi4, kã tev iet ar angfu valodu skolá? - Man ir panãkumi, vecteti4. Es jau protu angliski pateikt "lúdzu" un "paldies". - Lieliski, puika, lieliski. Tas ir vairák, neká tu mãki (proti) latviski.
+ - Es jau sen sapqoju apmeklët tãlas zemes.Interesanti, cik maksã cefojumspa Eiropu? - Neko! - Neko? - Nu jã! SapTotjau var bez maksas! ? - Ko jüs vakar dzirdéját operá? - Ai, daudz kol Smits ir tuvu bankrotam. Brauna kundze ir nokrãsojusi matus, bet Vaiti É$iras.
+ - Tomas, pasaki man, kã sauc cilvëku, kas runá un turpina runãt pat tad, kad neviens vi4á neklausãs? - Skolotája kungs, tas ir skolotãjs!
+ Pircëjs ieiet zooveikalaputnu noda|ã,nostãjaspie papagaifabúra un zobgaligisaka: - Nu, putni4., varbüt tu proti ari runãt? - Protams! - lepni atbild papagailis.- Un ko tu? Varbüt proti ari lidot?
103
+ Ir priekósvëtku diena. Skolotãja stundas beigãssaka: - Novèlu visiem priecigus svëtkus un ceru, ka pëc brivdienãm jüs atgriezisities skolã daudz gudrãki. - Jums tãpat, skolotãj! - skolèni atsaucas. This summer little John'y visited his grandfather in the country. - Tell me noq grandson, how you are getting on with your EngÌish at school? - I've some progress, granddad. I can aÌready say "please,' and ,,thank you" in English.
- ExceÌlent,lad, excellent.That's more than you can say in Latvian.
+ - For a long time I've dreamedof visiting distant Ìands. It,s interesting to know how much a tour around Eúrope costs? - Nothing! - Nothing? - Ofcourse! You can dream without paying anythingl
+ - What did you hear at the opera last night? - Oh, lots of things. Smith has almost gone bankrupt. Miss Brown has dyed her hair, but the Whites have ãivorced.
+ - Thomas, tell me what a person is called who talks, and keeps on talking, even when no one is listening! - Sir - that's a teacher!
+ A shopperenters the bird department ofa pet shop,stopsnear a parrot's cageand scoffingly says: - Well little bird, maybe you can talk, too? --of course! - the parrot repries proudry. - And what about you? Maybe you can fly, too?
+ It's the day before the holidays.At the end ofthe classesthe teacher says: 104
- I wish you happy holidays and hope that after the holidays you'll return to schoolmuch wiser. - The same to you, teacher! - the pupils answer. Vãrdnica. - Vocabulary. sastapties (es sastopos) (sa)tikties (es satiekos) izstãde atceréties (es atceros) berniba me$inãt piedzrvojums
to meet to meet exhibition to remember childhood to try adventure
PIELIKUMS Lietvãrdu galotnes. - The endings of the nouns. Viensk.
1. d.
2. d,.
3. d.
4. d..
5. d.
6. d.
N. kas?
-s
-is
-us
-a
-e
.S
ç. kã?
-a
-a
-us
-as
-es
-S
-im
-um
D. kam? A. ko? L. kur? VDaudzsk.
N. kas?
-s
-am
-u -à
i i
-s/
í-q
1. d.
(-i) 2. d.
I
-u -ú -u
-u
I
-a
-e
(-a)
(-e,
3. d.
4. d.
5. d.
6. d.
-as
-es
-ls
I
G. kã?
-u
,-* -u
D. kam? A. ko? L. kur?
-tem
-iem*
-lem
-us -os Ì
-u s +
-us -os
V-
^^*
-tiò
-ei
-S
-u*
-u
-u -4 I I J
-ém
-im
-as -ãs -as
-es -ës -es
-is -is -is
I
* Lidzskaqu mija. Palatalization.
!
Atcerieties! Keep in mind! 2. dekl.: a) akmens,asmens,mëness,rudens,üdens,zibens; b) suns; c) tëtis, viesis - without interchange 3. dekl.: alus, tirgus, Iietus, ledus, medus,vidus, apvidus (district, locality), viltus (cunning) 4. dekl.: plãrya(chatterbox),paziqa (acquientance),puika, lauva (lion) 5. dekl.: mute, aste, kaste, pase,árste, kase - without interchange 6. dekl.: a) asins, sirds, krúts (breast),nàss(nostril), cilts (tribe), govs, zivs, nakts, pils, plits, krãsns, uguns, smilts (scrnd), klints (cliff, roclt) , telts (tent), kã.rts (card; pole) , dtt.rvis(pl.) , faudis (masc.pl.) b) acs, uzacs(eyebrolu),auss,balss, debess,pirts (bathhouse),valsts, zoss,ãults (ga.ll,bile),vésts (news,message), brokastis (pl.) - without interchange 106
Prievãrdu lietojums ar lietvãrdu dativã (daudzsk.). The use oÍ prepositions with the Dative (pl.). 1. aiz - behind
Aiz logiem aug koki. Aiz mãjãm ir dãrzi. Aiz mums ir siena.Aiz vi4iem sèZmeitene. 2. virs - aboue Virs pÌauktiem ir glezna.Virs jums ir debesis. 3. zem -under Zem galdiem ir soli. Zem majam ir pagrabi. 4. píe - at Pie auditorijãm pulcèjasstudenti. 5. no - from Es nãku no viesibãm. 6. pêc - after Péc eksãmeniemvini atpútãs. Pec lekcijãm mès iesim mãjãs. 7.bez - without Bez grãmatãm dzivot ir garlaicigi (boring, dull). 8. kopõ - since Mes dzivojam Éeitkop5 seniemlaikiem. 9. pirms - before Tas bija pirms eksámeniem.Pirms lekcijãm es devosuz biblioteku. 10. az - on Grãmatasir uz galdiem. lI. uz - to Mës ejam uz lekcijãm. 12.lídz - till, by, to Es Seitbúéu lidz pieciem. Lidz májãm bija divi kilometri. 13. ap - around Ap mãjãm ír üogi (fence,hedge). 14. pãr - aboue,dcross Pãr upëm ir tilti. 15. par - about Mès runãjam par lekcijãm, par rakstiem avizës. 16. pret - úo Tu esi nelaipns ne tikai pret mums, bet ari pret citiem cilvekiem. 17. starp - between, Starp mãjãm ir liels Ìaukums. Starp omonS studentiem valda saticiba (harmony). 18. caur - through Puika izlida caur krümiem. 19. gar - along, past Vi4É gája gar skatlogiem (shop wíndow). 20. pa - along Vai jüs gãját pa laukiem, pa ielãm, pa celiem,pa meZiem,pa pfavám? 27. ar - with Studenti raksta ar pildspalvãm. Meitenes atnâca kopá ar draugiem, bet zeni - ar draudzenëm.
107
inaóibas vtuffi -ãks -ãka
Ïiïôï;ï:akãPes' vis...-ãkais vis...-ãkà
Mana grãmata ir liela, bet tava - daudz lielãka. My boohis large, but yours is much larger. Pamatapakãpe Positive degïee
Parãkãpakãpe Comparative degïee
labs (good),labais maza(small),mazais
labãks (better),labakais(the better) mazáka (smaller),mazaka(thesmaller)
Tava istaba ir maza,bet mana ir vel mazãka. Your room is small but mine is smaller. Brãlis ir vecãkspar mãsu. The brother is older than the sister. (pq.r + Akuz.) Brális ir vecãksnekã mãsa. (neka t Nom.) Vispãrãkã pakãpe Superlative degree vislabãkais (the best) vismazãkaís (the sn"rallest) vis * labãkais (the best) vislabãka
pats labãkais (the uery best) pati labãkã
Tas bija vissaldãkaisãbols.1/ wqs the sweetestapple. Tã ir mana vislabãkã draudzene.Tá ir mana pati labãkã draudzene. She is my bestfriend. Apstãkla vãrdu salidzinãmãspakãpes. Comparison of adverbs. -ãk, vis...-ãk labi-labãk-vislabãk Es mãcoslabi, Ivars mãcãslabãk par mani, bet Aina mãcãsvislabãk. Labãk zile rokã nekã mednis kokã. (Prouerb:A bird in the hend is worth two in the bush. Lit.: A titmouse in the hqrld is better than a grouse in the tree.) Iegaumejiet! f i Note!
maz - mazãk- vismazãk daudz - vairãk - visvairãk 108
Darbibasvãrds.- The Verb. 1. 1. koniugãciia. - Coniugation The uerbsof the first conjugationare diuided into fiue Sroups. 1. grupa.- Gro u p1 . The stem uowel remains unchanged.
Tagadne es anrgu tu audz es bÇgu bëgl (to flee) tu bêdz vipÉ/vi4rabÇg es nãku nãkt íúocome) tu nãc es situ sist (to beat) tu sit es cçpu cept (to roast, to fry) tu cep es Qdu est (to eat) tu ëd mest (úothrow, to cast) es m9lu tu met Infinitivs arag| (to grow)
Pagãtne es augu tu augi es bëgu tu begi vir,rÉ/vi4abëga es nãcu tu nãci es situ tu siti es cepu tu cepi es ëdu tu èdi es metu tu meti
E-dz
k-c
2. grupa.- Group2. Thestemuowel-i- is changedto -e-,-e-or -ie- in thepresenttense. Infinitivs cirst (úocut, to chop) likt (tu put, to bid)
vilkt (to pull, to drag) pirkt (to buy)
Tagadne es cÇrtu tu cert es lieku tu liec viTS/vi4aliek es vçlku tu velc es.pÇrku tu pérc vi4É/vir,rapÇrk 109
Pagãtne es cirtu tu cirti es liku tu liki vi4É/vir,ralika es vilku tu vilki es pirku tu pirki viçÉ/viqa pirka
i-g i-ie
i-g
3. grupa. - Group 3. rakr Qo digl
es roku tu roc es skrienu es kntu tu kriti vi4É/vir,raknt esjütu tu jüti vi4É/vi4a jút
skriet(to run) krist (to fall) just (to feel)
es raku tu raki es skreju es kritu tu kriti vi4Ë/vi4akrita es jutu tu juti vi4Éivi4ajuta
prast (to hnow how) tapt (to become) 4. grupa. - Group 4. glàbt (to saue)
kost (to bite)
lalrzt (to brealt)
ciest (to suffer)
telkt (to say) braukt (to go, to driue) beigt fto fínish) krât (to collect, to saue) spét (to be able)
es glábju tu glãb vi4É/viqa glãbj es koãu tu kod vi4É/vi4akoZ es lauãu tu lauz vi4É/vi4a lauã es cieóu tu ciet vi4É/viça cie5 es teicu es braucu es beidzu tu beidz es krãju tu krãj es spëju
es glábu tu gÌãbi vité/vi4a glãba es kodu tu kodi vi4Ë/vi4akoda es Ìauzu tu lauzi vi4Èiviqa lauza es cietu tu cieti vi4Ë/viça cieta es teicu es braucu es beidzu tu beidzi es kráju tu krãji es speju
5. grupa. - Group 5. luzt (to breah) llt (to rain, to pour) salt (to freeze)
es lüstu tu lüsti llst (it rains) es salstu (I ant.freezing) 110
es lüzu tu lüzi llja (it rained) es salu
a-o ie-ien i-i
u-ü
k!ü (to become) mirt (to die)
(Man salst.I qm cold. Salst. - It is cold.) es kfüstu es mirstu
es kfuvu es (no)miru
Veidojiet teikumus! Make sentences. kapt (to climb), slept (/o hide), kopt (to nurse), glàbt (to saue),[érbt (to dress), ciest (to suffer), grist (to puslz), kost (to bíte), sêsties (úosjÍ down), spriest (to judge), sviest (to throw), braukt (to go), jatkt (to mix),lëkt (to jump), saukt (Ío cq.ll), teikt (to tell), veikt (to accotrlplish),beigt (to finish), kliegt (to shout),lrçt (to beg), segt (to couer), sniegt (to hand), plëst (/o tear), bàzt (to thrust), gàzt (to ouerturn), lauzt (to breah,),bërt(to strew), dzert (to drinh),\ert (to catch), velt (to roll), celt (to lift), sknt (tu shaue), 5üt (úosew), jât (to ride), kr ãt (to heep,to saue), r at (to scold), spët (to be able), celties (to get up, to rise).
