Hodgkin's Disease - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References

HODGKIN’S DISEASE A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R EFERENCES

J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS

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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright ©2003 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright ©2003 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1

Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Hodgkin’s Disease: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-597-83927-1 1. Hodgkin’s Disease-Popular works. I. Title.

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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.

Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc. (ICON Group). However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights. With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International Inc. The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book.

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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on Hodgkin’s disease. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.

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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.

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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes & Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health

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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON HODGKIN’S DISEASE ................................................................................ 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 The Combined Health Information Database................................................................................. 3 Federally Funded Research on Hodgkin’s Disease......................................................................... 4 E-Journals: PubMed Central ....................................................................................................... 64 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed ................................................................................ 64 CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND HODGKIN’S DISEASE..................................................................... 115 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 115 Finding Nutrition Studies on Hodgkin’s Disease...................................................................... 115 Federal Resources on Nutrition ................................................................................................. 127 Additional Web Resources ......................................................................................................... 128 CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND HODGKIN’S DISEASE .............................................. 129 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 129 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine................................................ 129 Additional Web Resources ......................................................................................................... 166 General References ..................................................................................................................... 167 CHAPTER 4. DISSERTATIONS ON HODGKIN’S DISEASE ................................................................ 169 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 169 Dissertations on Hodgkin’s Disease........................................................................................... 169 Keeping Current ........................................................................................................................ 170 CHAPTER 5. CLINICAL TRIALS AND HODGKIN’S DISEASE ........................................................... 171 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 171 Recent Trials on Hodgkin’s Disease........................................................................................... 171 Keeping Current on Clinical Trials ........................................................................................... 190 CHAPTER 6. BOOKS ON HODGKIN’S DISEASE ............................................................................... 193 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 193 Book Summaries: Online Booksellers......................................................................................... 193 The National Library of Medicine Book Index ........................................................................... 195 Chapters on Hodgkin’s Disease.................................................................................................. 197 CHAPTER 7. MULTIMEDIA ON HODGKIN’S DISEASE .................................................................... 199 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 199 Bibliography: Multimedia on Hodgkin’s Disease ...................................................................... 199 CHAPTER 8. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON HODGKIN’S DISEASE ................................................. 201 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 201 News Services and Press Releases.............................................................................................. 201 Academic Periodicals covering Hodgkin’s Disease .................................................................... 206 CHAPTER 9. RESEARCHING MEDICATIONS .................................................................................. 207 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 207 U.S. Pharmacopeia..................................................................................................................... 207 Commercial Databases ............................................................................................................... 208 Researching Orphan Drugs ....................................................................................................... 209 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES .......................................................................................... 213 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 213 NIH Guidelines.......................................................................................................................... 213 NIH Databases........................................................................................................................... 215 Other Commercial Databases..................................................................................................... 217 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ............................................................................................... 219 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 219 Patient Guideline Sources.......................................................................................................... 219 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................. 226

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APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES ................................................................................ 229 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 229 Preparation................................................................................................................................. 229 Finding a Local Medical Library................................................................................................ 229 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................. 229 ONLINE GLOSSARIES................................................................................................................ 235 Online Dictionary Directories ................................................................................................... 239 HODGKIN’S DISEASE DICTIONARY .................................................................................... 241 INDEX .............................................................................................................................................. 305

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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with Hodgkin’s disease is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about Hodgkin’s disease, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to Hodgkin’s disease, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on Hodgkin’s disease. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to Hodgkin’s disease, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on Hodgkin’s disease. The Editors

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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.

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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON HODGKIN’S DISEASE Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on Hodgkin’s disease.

The Combined Health Information Database The Combined Health Information Database summarizes studies across numerous federal agencies. To limit your investigation to research studies and Hodgkin’s disease, you will need to use the advanced search options. First, go to http://chid.nih.gov/index.html. From there, select the “Detailed Search” option (or go directly to that page with the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html). The trick in extracting studies is found in the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Journal Article.” At the top of the search form, select the number of records you would like to see (we recommend 100) and check the box to display “whole records.” We recommend that you type “Hodgkin’s disease” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. Consider using the option “anywhere in record” to make your search as broad as possible. If you want to limit the search to only a particular field, such as the title of the journal, then select this option in the “Search in these fields” drop box. The following is what you can expect from this type of search: •

Gingival Overgrowth as the Initial Paraneoplastic Manifestation of Hodgkin's Lymphoma in a Child. A Case Report Source: Journal of Periodontology. 72(1): 107-112. January 2001. Contact: Available from American Academy of Periodontology. 737 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 800, Chicago, IL 60611-2690. (312) 573-3220. Fax (312) 573-3225. Summary: This article presents a case of gingival (gum) overgrowth, premature root resorption, and alveolar bone loss, which preceded the diagnosis of a stage IV B Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) in a 9 year old boy. The child presented complaining of gingival pain which first appeared 3 months prior. Clinical examination revealed inflamed, hyperplastic (overgrown) gingiva, while x ray shoed premature root

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Hodgkin’s Disease

resorption and alveolar bone loss. Medical work up was significant for cervical (neck) lymphadenopathy. Gingival biopsy, followed by lymph node resection, was performed twice. Histological examination of both gingival biopsies disclosed a mixed inflammatory infiltrate, while classical Hodgkin's lymphoma of the nodular sclerosis type was diagnosed from the second lymph node biopsy. Chemotherapy was instituted. Remission of the lymphoma was observed with concomitant regression of the gingival overgrowth. 8 figures. 23 references.

Federally Funded Research on Hodgkin’s Disease The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to Hodgkin’s disease. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to Hodgkin’s disease. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore Hodgkin’s disease. The following is typical of the type of information found when searching the CRISP database for Hodgkin’s disease: •

Project Title: TREATMENT

"BEYOND

CANCER":

FOSTERING

TRANSITIONS

POST-

Principal Investigator & Institution: Dwyer, Kathleen A.; None; Vanderbilt University 3319 West End Ave. Nashville, Tn 372036917 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 01-AUG-2003; Project End 31-JUL-2005 Summary: (provided by applicant): The relative 5-year survival rate for all cancer sites has increased over the past 20 years. More patients are completing treatment and entering the early post-treatment phase of coping with their illness. The end of treatment phase may be emotionally and physically crippling. These issues are typically not recognized and addressed by health care providers, and therefore, there are longterm survivors who never resume a 'normal' life. Most existing interventions use a faceto-face format, thus limiting their use to individuals who have the ability to 'get to' the intervention site. The proposed two-stage pilot study seeks to modify and then evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of the modified intervention strategy designed to enhance the return to a productive existence and improve quality of life. The proposed study addresses the previously identified gaps and limitations by: studying men and women cancer patients using two tumors that are gender neutral; incorporating the patient's and caregiver's perspectives; controlling for potential gender differences by blocking on gender; delivering the intervention during the first 3 months posttreatment; and using a format that makes the intervention widely accessible [videotapes, 2 Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH).

Studies

5

a manual, telephone conference calls]. In particular, this proposal addresses the following questions: (1) How does an existing cognitive behavioral intervention program need to be adapted for use during the first 3 months following treatment with patients completing treatment for colorectal cancer, Hodgkin's disease, or NonHodgkin's lymphoma and their primary caregivers?; (2) How acceptable is the modified cognitive behavioral intervention program to patients and caregivers during the first 3 months after completing treatment?; and (3) What effects does the intervention have on the perceived control, coping, perceived social support, and quality of life reported by the participants? How sizable are the effects? In the first stage, we will conduct a descriptive study to elicit feedback about the existing intervention. Participants will be given the existing intervention videotapes and workbook along with evaluation questions. After reviewing the materials, a focus group to elicit specific feedback will be conducted. For Stage Two, a randomized clinical trial will be conducted to evaluate the acceptability/feasibility of the modified intervention as well as to determine the effects on quality of life and other related outcomes. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF CLINICALLY STAGED PEDIATRIC HODGKIN'S DISEASE Principal Investigator & Institution: Giardina, Patricia J.; Weill Medical College of Cornell Univ New York, Ny 10021 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: This study will attempt to determine the role of low dose involved field radiotherapy (RT) in pediatric patients with Hodgkin's disease who attain a complete response following initial chemotherapy. Patients will receive 4-6 courses COPP/ABV hybrid chemotherapy and be randomized to receive RT. Stage IV patinets receive additional intensive chemotherapy. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: AIDS LYMPHOMA USING ANTISENSE TO EBV GENES Principal Investigator & Institution: Lacy, Jill; Internal Medicine; Yale University 47 College Street, Suite 203 New Haven, Ct 065208047 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-MAY-1995; Project End 30-NOV-2003 Summary: (Applicant's Abstract) The long-term goal of this application is the development of antisense-based, tumor-specific therapies for the EBV-associated lymphomas. EBV has been implicated in the etiology of a variety of lymphoid malignancies, including AIDS- related, post-transplantation, Burkitt's and Hodgkin's lymphomas, and transformation by the virus may be mediated in part by latent viral gene products that impact on cell growth and death. Two latent viral proteins, EBNA-1 and LMP-1 appear to play a key role in transformation. EBNA-1 is required for episomal viral DNA replication and regulates transcription of other latent viral genes. LMP-1 alters growth properties and confers resistance to apoptosis through induction of antiapoptotic cellular genes. Given the key functions of EBNA-1 and LMP-1, they represent ideal targets for modulation by antisense strategies as a potential novel anti-tumor strategy. The applicant has demonstrated the feasibility and promise of this approach in in vitro studies using EBNA-1 and LMP-1 targeted antisense oligomers in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). These studies show that selected antisense oligomers specifically suppress the targeted viral proteins, and, importantly, elicit biological effects. Suppression of EBNA-1 is associated with inhibition of proliferation, decreased

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Hodgkin’s Disease

viral DNA content, down-regulation of EBNA-2 and LMP-1, and enhanced sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs. Antisense-mediated suppression of LMP-1 not only inhibits proliferation but also down-regulates anti-apoptotic genes, stimulates apoptosis, enhances chemosensitivity, and reverses resistance to cell cycle arrest by TGF-beta. These findings provide the basis for further studies of the biological and anti-tumor effects of antisense- mediated suppression of EBNA-1 and LMP-1. She will extend her in vitro studies using EBNA-1 and LMP-1 targeted antisense to tumor derived cell lines and will explore the susceptibility of EBNA-2 to antisense modulation. To address the therapeutic potential of antisense strategies, she will undertake a detailed investigation of the anti- tumor and chemosensitizing effects of EBNA-1 and LMP-1 targeted antisense using a SCID mouse model of EBV-associated lymphoma. These studies may shed further light on our understanding of the functions of latent viral proteins in the establishment and maintenance of EBV- related lymphomas, and furthermore, may provide the basis for a tumor- specific, non-toxic therapy for EBV-associated lymphomas. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: AIDS-ASSOCIATED MALIGNANCIES CLINICAL TRIALS MEMBER Principal Investigator & Institution: Von Roenn, Jamie H.; Medicine; Northwestern University 633 Clark St Evanston, Il 60208 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 30-SEP-1995; Project End 31-JUL-2003 Summary: This abstract is not available. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

•

Project Title: PROGRAM

AIDS-ONCOLOGY

CLINICAL

SCIENTIST

DEVELOPMENT

Principal Investigator & Institution: Levine, Alexandra M.; Medical Director; Medicine; University of Southern California 2250 Alcazar Street, Csc-219 Los Angeles, Ca 90033 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 11-AUG-1998; Project End 31-JUL-2004 Summary: (Applicant's Description) As survival has increased in patients with HIV infection, it is apparent that greater numbers of individuals are living long enough to eventually develop malignant disease. Further, with maturation of the AIDS epidemic, it appears that the spectrum of HIV associated diseases has expanded, with malignant diseases becoming more prominent as the cause of death in infected individuals. Aside from the current AIDS-defining malignancies, including Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, and cervical cancer, additional types of cancers are now being reported in HIV infected individuals, with significantly increased standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of anal cancer, Hodgkin's disease, lung cancer, multiple myeloma and others. In terms of public health policy, it is apparent from these data that the appropriate health care of our nation will require specific training of oncologist in the area of HIV disease. At the present time, there is no formalized mechanism to provide such cross-training, nor is there a mechanism to pay for such training. The goals of this Training Grant will be to train such individuals, who will then be prepared to treat HIV infected patients with malignant disease; to conduct research in this area; and, in time, to teach others these same skills. The specific aims of the proposal are: (1) To provide comprehensive, multidisciplinary clinical training in HIV disease to individuals who have recently completed one or more years of formal fellowship training in Hematology'/Oncology; (2) To provide a didactic core curriculum, which will give a broad understanding of the advances in HIV disease, per se, as well as the opportunistic cancers, infections, and

Studies

7

other illnesses which ensue; (3) To provide a didactic core curriculum, as well as practical, day-to-day training in the area of clinical research methods, to allow development of future clinical researchers in the area of AIDS-related malignancy; (4) To provide didactic training in the area of basic scientific research methods, to allow development of future clinical researchers who will understand the principles of translational research in the area of AIDS-malignancy; and (5) To provide close mentoring support from both clinical and basic scientific mentors, in order to assure that the candidates will engage in a specific translational research project related to the field of HIV-malignancies. We will offer a two-year Fellowship program. The first year will be spent in clinical work, with assignment of a specific clinical mentor to each Trainee. The year will consist of attendance at weekly general HIV/AIDS clinic; weekly AIDS/Lymphoma clinic; weekly AIDS/KS clinic; one month on in-patient HIV/AIDS ward; three months on inpatient AIDS malignancy ward; and attendance at didactic lectures and symposia. The second year will emphasize training in clinical and translational research in the area of AIDS-related malignancy, with assignment of specific scientific mentors, and development of research projects, as well as attendance at didactic lectures and symposia in the area of research methods and biologic principles. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: AMC OPERATIONS CENTER Principal Investigator & Institution: Lee, Jeannette Y.; Research Professor; Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham Uab Station Birmingham, Al 35294 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 30-SEP-1995; Project End 31-JUL-2004 Summary: This proposal is for the Comprehensive Cancer Center Biostatistics Unit at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) to serve as the Operations, Statistical and Data Management Center for the AIDS-Associated Malignancies Clinical Trials Consortium (AMC). To date, the AMC has enrolled 159 patients on five AMC protocols. Two protocols have recently opened to patient accrual. An additional 9 protocols are under development. The AMC Operations Center provides statistical expertise to the AMC in the areas to study design, sample size, and analyses; coordinates the development, submission, conduct and analysis of AMC; maintains the database for the clinical trials; performs statistical analyses on study data; manages the Discretionary Fund; and coordinates the acquisition of specimens from AMC participants for donation to the AIDS Malignancy Bank. During the upcoming funding period, the AMC Operations Center plans to increase the use of scanners in the data entry process; increase the level of biostatistical support; increase the use of the AMC WEB page for the dissemination of information; and add a fiscal associate to the staff to manage the discretionary fund. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: ANTI VIRAL THERAPEUTIC FOR EBV MALIGNANCIES Principal Investigator & Institution: Faller, Douglas V.; Professor and Director; None; Boston University Medical Campus 715 Albany St, 560 Boston, Ma 02118 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 07-FEB-2001; Project End 31-JAN-2003 Summary: Epstein-Barr Virus is a common and worldwide pathogen. While exposure usually results in a self-limited lymphoproliferative syndrome, infectious mononucleosis, the virus is causative, or associated with, a number of malignancies. The latent virus is detected in 2 endemic tumors: 95% of African Burkitt's lymphoma, and

8

Hodgkin’s Disease

90-100% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Many B-lymphomas, some T-lymphomas, and approximately 50% of Hodgkin's lymphomas have also been found to contain latent EBV. 40% of lymphomas arising in AIDS, and nearly all lymphomas arising in transplant recipients (post-transplant-associated lymphoproliferative disease (PT-LPD) harbor EBV. PT-LPD is especially difficult to treat unless the immunosuppression can be reversed, and is typically refractory to radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Similar to herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus, EBV encodes a thymidine kinase (TK) enzyme. In a rate-limiting step, the viral TK converts nucleoside analogues to their monophosphate form, eventually leading to premature termination of the nascent DNA and cell death. Latently-EBV-infected B-cells and epithelial cells, including tumor cells, do not express TK. We have found that exposure of these cells to the experimental drug Arginine Butyrate results in induction of TK expression. Preliminary in vitro studies demonstrated that induction of EBV-TK in patient-derived tumor cells by Arginine Butyrate is possible, and that these previously-resistant cells are rendered susceptible to Ganciclovir (GCV) therapy. We have years of clinical experience in the administration of Arginine Butyrate to adults and children in studies to induce fetal hemoglobin as therapy for sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. We hypothesized that treatment of patients with EBV- associated tumors with arginine butyrate (to induce the EBV-TK) and GCV (to eliminate EBV-TK expressing cells) might be an effective, nontoxic therapy. We have treated eight patients with Arginine Butyrate plus ganciclovir in an FDAregistered pilot study with documented responses in the majority of patients, and no adverse outcomes related to this regimen. Our Specific Aims are: (1) To determine if treatment with Arginine Butyrate plus Ganciclovir will result in clinical responses in a significant proportion of patients with EBV-associated lymphomas and lymphoproliferative disease (LPD); (2) To determine toxicity or side effects of the combination therapy; and (3) To determine if tumor specimens and cell lines derived from patients demonstrate the same response to Arginine Butyrate and Ganciclovir (with respect to TK gene induction and synergistic susceptibility) as the EBV(+) cell lines we have studied to date. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: ANTIVIRAL MEDIATED APOPTOSIS OF NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA Principal Investigator & Institution: Harrington, William; Medicine; University of Miami-Medical Box 248293 Coral Gables, Fl 33124 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 01-APR-2000; Project End 31-MAR-2008 Summary: (provided by applicant): Therapy for lymphoproliferative disease in immunocompromised patients is problematic. These patients often have a poor response to cytotoxic agents that also worsens their underlying immunosuppression. Nonetheless, there are distinct pathophysiologic features of these tumors that may be exploited as therapeutic targets. These lymphomas are often associated with gamma herpesviruses and dependent upon constitutive expression of NF-kappaB. We have identified a novel, pro-apoptotic therapy for Humanherpes Virus Type 8 (HHV-8), Primary Effusion Lymphoma (PEL) and Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) lymphomas. Azidothymidine (AZT) and Interferon alpha induce death receptor ligand mediated apoptosis in PEL. This occurs through a potent activation of the ligand TRAIL mediated by interferon alpha coupled with suppression of NF-kappaB by AZT. We hypothesize that death receptor signaling is potentiated upon suppression of NF-kappaB dependent anti-apoptotic factors. NF-kappaB blockade is effected by the monophosphate form of AZT which is preferentially generated in HHV-8 and EBV associated lymphomas. We

Studies

9

have demonstrated the effectiveness of antiviral therapy for gamma herpesvirus associated lymphomas in both animal models and patients. We propose to investigate the cellular and viral factors that mediate this apoptosis by 1) defining the signal transduction pathways induced by antivirals in herpesvirus lymphomas; 2) determining the role of cellular and viral proteins (such as vFlip) in NF-kappaB mediated blockade of death receptor mediated apoptosis; 3) investigating the role of viral thymidine kinase in the phosphorylation of antiviral thymidine analogues and the initiation of apoptosis and; 4) studying the anti-lymphoma effects of antivirals in a recently developed SCID mouse model. Development of a therapeutic strategy based on antiviral therapy would represent a targeted, biological approach to lymphomas in resource poor settings. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: BCL11 GENES IN NORMAL AND MALIGNANT B CELL DEVELOPMENT Principal Investigator & Institution: Tucker, Philip W.; Professor; Inst for Cell & Mol Biology; University of Texas Austin 101 E. 27Th/Po Box 7726 Austin, Tx 78712 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-MAY-2001; Project End 30-APR-2006 Summary: (provided by applicant): Molecular cloning of chromosomal translocations targeted to the immunoglobulin (IG) loci allows the identification of genes of importance in the genesis of normal and malignant B-cells. We have cloned a highly conserved zinc finger gene locus BCL11A, from a chromosomal translocation, t(2;14)(p13;q32.3), that occurs as the sole cytogenetic abnormality in rare and clinically aggressive subset of CLL. All breakpoints involved IG gamma switch regions and clustered 5' of a CpG island associated with BCL11A. BCL11A maps closely telomeric to REL and also appears to be a target gene for amplifications and gains of 2p13 observed frequently in Hodgkin's disease and in extranodal B-NHL. Together the data implicate deregulated expression of BCL1 1A in the pathogenesis of divergent subtypes of aggressive human cancers. There are three common BCL11A isoforms; each is a transcriptional repressor and varies in the number of zinc fingers. BCL11A interacts physically with and shares several similarities with BCL6, a gene frequently translocated to both IG and non-IG associated sites. BCL1 1A shares high identity with a human family member, BCL11B, on chromosome 14q32.1 and with homologues across metazoan evolution. We propose to study the clinical significance of deregulation BCL11 expression in malignancies with abnormalities of chromosome 2p13 and to determine the function of BCL11 in normal and malignant B-cell development Specific approaches include screening for additional (BCL1 1A) and initial (BCL11B) cases containing breaks/amplifications a these loci; functional analysis of transcriptional mechanisms an downstream targets; assessing transforming activities using in vitro and transgenic models; and inactivating the gene by targeted disruption. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

•

Project Title: LYMPHOMA

BIOLOGIC

THERAPY

FOR

BETA-CELL

NON-HODGKIN'S

Principal Investigator & Institution: Ansell, Stephen M.; Mayo Clinic Rochester 200 1St St Sw Rochester, Mn 55905 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 01-MAR-2002; Project End 28-FEB-2006 Summary: B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is the sixth most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and the incidence of this disease is increasing. While aggressive lymphomas may be cured with cytotoxic therapy, most indolent

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lymphomas are incurable with current therapy. Novel effective therapies are therefore needed to treat these patients. We are investigating a biological combination therapy for patients with indolent lymphoma that incorporates an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, Rituximab, and Interleukin-12. Rituximab is a genetically engineered chimeric murine/human monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to CD20 on pre-B and mature B- lymphocytes. While binding of the Fab domain may induce apoptosis, the Fc domain recruits immune effector functions to mediate lysis of the B-cell. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) has been shown to facilitate cytolytic T-cell responses; promote the development of Th1-type helper T-cells; enhance the lytic activity of NK cells; and induce the secretion of interferon- gamma by both T and NK cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that combining IL-12 with Rituximab would augment the immune mediated cell lysis induced by Rituximab. We have shown in a recently completed Phase I trial of this combination that the optimal immunological dose of IL-12 to give with standard doses of Rituximab is 300ng/kg. A substantial increase in the serum levels of downstream molecules such as interferon-gamma and Inducible Protein-10 (IP-10) was seen in response to this dose of IL-12. We also observed a 69 percent response rate to this therapy, with many of the responses seen in heavily pretreated patients. In this application, we are proposing to further evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of IL-12 and Rituximab through two different treatment regimens in patients with indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and to determine if either one is promising enough to explore further in a phase III setting. We plan to do a randomized Phase II study to evaluate the efficacy of IL-12 and Rituximab given concurrently, as in the Phase I study, and to also evaluate the efficacy of Rituximab alone with IL-12 given only if there is a suboptimal response to Rituximab or disease progression. As shown in the Phase I trial, IL-12 induces the expression of cytokines such as gamma-interferon and chemokines such as IP-10. These molecules have been shown to upregulate T-cell function and inhibit angiogenesis. A further goal of the study is therefore to evaluate, in correlative studies, whether the combination of IL-12 plus Rituximab can alter gene expression in the malignant B-cells, restore the potentially deficient T-cell repertoire and inhibit angiogenesis leading to an improve clinical outcome for patients with indolent lymphoma. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: BLEOMYCIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION: NMR SPECTROSCOPY Principal Investigator & Institution: Stubbe, Joanne; Professor; Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Ma 02139 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: The bleomycins (BLM's) are a family of antitumor antibiotics presently used clinically in the treatment of testicular cancer, head and neck carcinoma as well as Hodgkin's disease. Establishing the major intracellular target(s) and the mechanism(s) responsible for BLM's observed cytotoxicity and therapeutic efficacy is thus of great interest. BLM has been known for some time to effect both single strand (ss) and double strand (ds) breaks of DNA in vitro and in vivo. These ds breaks have been proposed to be the major contributing factor in BLM's cytotoxicity. A model for the way in which a single molecule of BLM can effect cleavage on two strands of DNA without dissociating has been proposed based on recent structural data acquired at CM[R. In this model, the bithiazole unit of the BLM molecule is thought to undergo a trans to cis flip that repositions the metal binding region of the molecule at the second strand. The hydroperoxide form of iron BLM (activated BLM) has been shown in mechanistic studies to abstract the 4'-H of the DNA ribose moiety. Once the 4'-H has been removed,

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two major DNA lesions are formed. A phosphoglycolate lesion can be formed in an oxygen dependent manner, and a 4'-keto abasic site can be formed by an oxygen independent pathway. The structure of the phosphoglycolate lesion may present the key to understanding the ds cleavage of the DNA by BLM. Previously, a phosphoglycolate lesion containing the GTAC sequence had been synthesized in our lab. The GTAC sequence was chosen since it is a hot spot for ds cleavage with a ratio of ds : ss cleavage of I : 3. The key to acquiring good data for this piece had been to synthesize the oligonucleotide as a double hairpin connected with hexaethyleneglycol spacers. The proton chemical shift assignments have been completed and modeling of the 2D NMR data collected on a 750 MHz NMR is currently underway. The oligonucleotide had also been titrated with a cobalt hydroperoxy form of BLM, which is a proposed analog of activated iron BLM. This titration will be repeated with a more concentrated sample in the near future. Preparation of this sample is underway. The complex of cobalt BLM and DNA may hold the key to understanding the mechanism of ds cleavage. It may be possible to cont rast the data from the phosphoglycolate lesion with the data from an intact piece of DNA and detect a trans to cis isomerization in the bithiazole region. Another oligonucleotide sample containing the phosphoglycolate lesion has been prepared as well. This oligonucleotide is also a double hairpin linked by hexaethyleneglycol spacers. However, this piece contains the GGCC sequence. Interestingly, this sequence cannot undergo ds cleavage via the BLM molecule. This sequence thus functions as a control experiment. Data for this DNA has been collected in D20 and 90%H20/10%D20. The assignments of the chemical shifts are in progress. This oligonucleotide will also be titrated with a cobalt hydroperoxy BLM. If this oligonucleotide yields a one to one complex with the BLM, it will be interesting to contrast this data with the data from the GTAC piece. The synthesis of the 4'-keto abasic site is also in progress in the lab. This lesion is a synthetic challenge and efforts to make this lesion have thus far been unsuccessful. However, a new approach to this problem has been taken. A 4'-azido-2'-deoxyuridine moiety has been synthesized that will be incorporated into DNA using a polymerase and a kinase. Subsequent reduction will yield the 4'-keto abasic site. Since the 4'-keto abasic site is currently unavailable for structure determination, a close relative, a 4'-OH abasic site is being studied by 2D NMR. Again, this data was acquired on the 750 MHz instrument at CMR. This abasic site is being studied in the GTAC sequence context for comparison with the phosphoglycolate lesion. The modeling of this duplex 13-mer containing the abasic site is in the final stages of refinement. Interestingly, two distinct conformations of this abasic site in the GTAC region are present in equal amounts. This leads to the question of recognition of this damage site by DNA repair enzymes. It is reasonable to postulate that one of these conformations is recognized preferentially by DNA repair enzymes such as human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APEI). In summary, modeling of 2D NMR data acquired on the 750 MHz instrument are at various stages of refinement for the abasic site and the phosphoglycolate lesions. Assignments of the 2D NMR data are in progress for additional phosphoglycolate lesions with and without Co-BLM bound. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: BONE MARROW GRAFTING FOR LEUKEMIA AND LYMPHOMA Principal Investigator & Institution: Negrin, Robert S.; Associate Professor; Medicine; Stanford University Stanford, Ca 94305 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 15-APR-1989; Project End 30-JUN-2002

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Summary: This program project grant application seeks support for experimental and clinical studies concerning the major obstacles to successful allogeneic and autologous bone marrow or peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation (BMT) for the hematologic malignancies: leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma. The relevant problems after BMT include recurrence of the underlying disease, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and opportunistic infections with fungi, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and/or varicella zoster virus (VZV). The program consists of nine research projects and three supporting cores. The clinical projects deal with attempts to eradicate the underlying malignancies and to explore new drugs or drug combinations intended to prevent transplant-related complications such as acute or chronic GVHD, fungal infections and clinical VZV disease. Novel hematopoietic progenitor cell preparations (allogeneic and autologous) will be explored for their capacity to successfully restore hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis in patients with hematologic malignancies. Dendritic cells will be employed to enhance the immunological anti-tumor effect of idiotype vaccination. The clinical projects will also serve as a resource for the experimental projects of the program. The experimental projects address the following biologically important transplant-related problems and topics: development of cytokine- induced killer cells for the prevention and therapy of post-transplant relapse; identification and enrichment of T-lymphocytes from murine marrow or peripheral blood with the intent to reduce GVHD and to preserve graftversus-leukemia activity; definition of barriers to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell grafting; prevention of experimental GVHD; protection of immunity to VZV after allogeneic and autologous BMT; conditions for latency and reactivation of CMV. The nine interrelated projects of this application are supported by three cores, one for administration and research coordination, one providing biostatistical and data management expertise, and one for molecular and cytogenetic evaluations of transplant patients before and after BMT. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: BREAST CANCER PREVENTION IN HODGKINS DISEASE Principal Investigator & Institution: Garber, Judy E.; Assistant Professor of Medicine; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 44 Binney St Boston, Ma 02115 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 29-JUN-2001; Project End 31-MAY-2003 Summary: (Applicant's Description) Hodgkin's Disease carries an excellent prognosis, with the majority of patients cured of their primary tumor. However, late complications of therapy in these patients are of increasing concern, especially new primary cancers of particular importance in this group is the increased risk of breast cancer among female Hodgkin's disease survivors who received mantle or chest radiation (RR approximate 20 by 15 yrs after treatment). Tamoxifen has been shown to reduce the risk of breast cancer by nearly 50percents in women at increased risk on the basis factors considered in the Gail model, DCIS or prior breast cancer II. It has not yet been evaluated in radiogenic breast cancer. HD survivors may also experience early menopause if their HD treatment included chemotherapy 12, and early atherosclerotic heart disease l3,14 and other second cancer risk from radiation or combined modalities I. These concerns may affect the risk/benefit considerations of tamoxifen in this high risk population whose risk becomes manifest at young ages. Because of these issues, it seems important to prove, rather than assume, that tamoxifen ireduces breast cancer risk in this population. However, since there are a limited number of women available for a study of sufficient size to address the question with sufficient power, demonstration of feasibility seems critical. In the proposed study, we will address aspects of feasibility ,

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including recruitment/acceptance, adherence, toxicities and quality of life, and reproductive hormone status. We propose to recruit 50 female Hodgkin's Disease survivors whose treatment included radiation therapy (mantle or other chest), diagnosed before age 30, current age greater than 30 years, greater than 8 years from radiation to participate in a pilot study in which they will receive tamoxifen for 2 years on study, and 5 years in total. We will estimate recruitment rates, evaluate adherence, and assess quality of life and toxicities using measures employed in the BCPT, as well as questions developed for this population. Our advisory board will consider the one year data and assist us in deciding whether or not to proceed to attempt the larger study. A definitive randomized trial would be feasible with available HD survivors if adherence were 90 percents, based upon an estimated absolute risk of 8 percents over a 5 year period in women without tamoxifen. This is a risk much greater than the average risk in the BCPT cohort, permitting the smaller sample size. We will also evaluate mammographic density as a potential intermediate endpoint that might permit more rapid completion of a randomized study. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: CANCER AND LEUKEMIA GROUP B Principal Investigator & Institution: Taplin, Mary E.; Assistant Professor; Medicine; Univ of Massachusetts Med Sch Worcester Office of Research Funding Worcester, Ma 01655 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 09-JUL-1998; Project End 31-MAR-2003 Summary: (adapted from the applicant's abstract): Since its inception in 1993, the University of Massachusetts Cancer Center has sought to elucidate new insights into normal and cancer cell biology. Investigators based at U Mass are beginning to translate this knowledge into clinical correlative studies and therapeutic approaches through the CALGB. For example, Dr. Mary-Ellen Taplin has described specific androgen receptor gene mutations that may target more effective treatments for hormone independent prostate cancer. These initial studies constitute one of the funded Correlative Science Studies through the CALGB and comprises one of the CALGB Core Labs. Based on our experience and substantial base in hematopoietic cell biology, a major focus of the U Mass Cancer Center has been in transplantion biology. Efforts have centered on (1) determining factors that enhance engraftment, (2) the development of entirely new transplant models using minimal myeloablation, (3) cord blood transplantation, (4) NOD-SCID preclinical transplant models to detect minimal residual disease, and (5) gene therapy approaches such as MDR1 transfer into normal hematopoietic stem cells. Many principles of hematopoietic stem cell biology "are now being applied to solid organ systems, with investigators at U Mass evaluating growth characteristics of both normal and neoplastic cells by defining the malignant stem cell" in solid tumor systems and defining autocrine and paracrine loop pathways of growth control. Stem cell "studies in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and glioblastoma" are ongoing and may provide important clinical correlative studies as companion studies to CALGB treatment protocols. Our Group Activities and Scientific contributions have increased significantly in the past four years. U Mass investigators in CALGB have contributed substantially to activities in Transplant, Breast Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Surgery, and Gastrointestinal Cancer. Administrative contributions through the Audit committee and other ad hoc committees have been substantial. Major efforts have led to improvement in accrual to Group Studies and improvement in the quality of data submitted on CALGB clinical trials. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: CANCER IN CHILDREN Principal Investigator & Institution: Whitlock, James A.; Pediatrics; Vanderbilt University 3319 West End Ave. Nashville, Tn 372036917 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-JAN-1981; Project End 30-NOV-2002 Summary: The long-range objective of this proposal is further improvement in the treatment of cancer in children through the participation of investigators at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Children Cancer Group (CCS). The multidisciplinary team of investigators from Vanderbilt are pooling resources with comparable teams from other institutions to investigate the biology, treatment, and epidemiology of the childhood cancers. Specific aims can be summarized in terms of Vanderbilt's contributions to the Group's scientific endeavors and administrative leadership. These include the following: 1. Through participation in disease-specific Strategy Groups, establish research priorities and develop new strategies for therapeutic studies of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), Hodgkin's disease, neuroblastoma, bone sarcomas, and brain tumors. 2. Through Study Committee chairmanships, provide leadership in the development, conduct, analysis, and reporting of investigation dealing with the treatment of ALL, neuroblastoma, and brain tumors. 3. Through participation as Study Committee members, assist in the conduct of studies concerned with the treatment of ALL, Hodgkin's disease, astrocytoma, and brain stem tumors. 4. Provide leadership in the development and interpretation of studies that assess the developmental and neuropsychologic sequelae of curative therapy for ALL. 5. Through committee participation, contribute to the development and analyses of investigational drugs. 6. Provide administrative leadership through participation on the Executive Committee, the Officers Committee, and the Affiliate Activities Steering Committee. In addition, investigators will continue to enlist the participation of Vanderbilt patients in CCG research protocols so as to facilitate the expeditious conduct and timely conclusion of Group studies. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF HODGKIN'S DISEASE IN CHILDREN Principal Investigator & Institution: Grufferman, Seymour; Professor; Family Med/Clin Epidemiology; University of Pittsburgh at Pittsburgh 350 Thackeray Hall Pittsburgh, Pa 15260 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-SEP-1987; Project End 30-JUN-2004 Summary: (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract) This is a competing renewal application for a case-control study of childhood Hodgkin's disease (HD) with epidemiologic, genetic and virologic components. Cases are from the Children's Cancer and Pediatric Oncology Groups with individually matched controls selected by random digit dialing (RDD). Epidemiologic data for 480 cases and 726 matching controls have been collected by telephone interviews of parents. Tumor specimens have been collected for 321 cases and blood samples for 234 cases for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) studies. In the new phase of this study, emphasis will be placed on genetic factors in the etiology of HD. Thus far, 186 case and 79 control families have been re-interviewed. Complex segregation analyses of the family data have been performed and the best fit is with an environmental rather than a Mendelian inheritance model of HD using two approaches. DNA microsatellite markers will be used to test for the association between HD and candidate HLA regions and non-HLA regions. The second approach will perform high resolution molecular typing HLA Class I (HLA-A,B,C) and II (HLA-DR, DQA1, D1B1 and DP) alleles. The proposed HLA studies will allow for analyses of the relationship

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between EBV-status and subject's HLA type. The proposed new studies will also include statistical assessment of time-space clustering of cases and controls, an evaluation of the introduction of socioeconomic status bias by RDD and the performance of a second follow-up interview of subjects' families. The study will focus on Hispanic cases since they differ significantly from other cases in EBV-positivity of their tumors and other epidemiologic features. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: CCSG RESEARCH BASE FOR CCOP Principal Investigator & Institution: Robison, Leslie L.; Professor; National Childhood Cancer Foundation Box 60012, 440 E Huntington Dr, Ste 402 Arcadia, Ca 910063777 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 15-SEP-1983; Project End 31-MAY-2002 Summary: (Applicant's narrative) The Childrens Cancer Group (CCG) is an NCI-funded clinical trials cooperative oncology group, which has acted as a research base for the Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP) since the program's inception. CCG has a network of university-associated, tertiary care, pediatric cancer centers, which sponsor smaller community institutions, thereby providing them the resources to carry out clinical trial protocols at the local site. Membership currently includes 35 tertiary centers with 79 affiliated community institutions, 18 of which are CCOP affiliates. The catchment area includes thirty-six states, the District of Columbia, four Canadian provinces, and Perth, Western Australia. Through this broad geographic distribution, CCG has the opportunity to influence the diagnostic, treatment and management practices in a large portion of North America. CCG has established goals for its CCOP project which are consistent with the CCOP's stated goals, but which reflect the unique nature of childhood cancer and the practitioners who treat it. CCG will continue to bring state-of-the-art protocols to the community by continuing to involve CCOP investigators in the development and execution of clinical trials. Workshops, scientific and educational sessions are regularly conducted to assure that investigators and clinical data managers have current knowledge and understand the processes for participation in clinical trials. Since most pediatric cancer patients are enrolled on clinical trials, a modest outreach program is proposed to continue and improve on the record. CCG has recently appointed a new Epidemiology and Cancer Control Strategy Group to further the involvement of CCG and the CCOP institutions in cancer control and prevention studies. Studies in development are related to evaluating both short-term and long term quality of life in cancer patients, to improving supportive care measures, to studying cancer etiology and prevention, and to identifying long-term health-related outcomes and defining intervention strategies to reduce negative effects. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: CHILDRENS CANCER GROUP Principal Investigator & Institution: Steinherz, Peter G.; Member/ Attending Pediatrician and Prof; Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Res New York, Ny 10021 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 30-SEP-1986; Project End 30-NOV-2002 Summary: This grant application requests support the continued participation of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and its affiliate hospitals in the research protocols of the Childrens Cancer Group. The clinical studies are designed to improve the survival of children with cancer through multidisciplinary randomized, collaborative treatment protocols that are stratified to the patients' stages of disease and their prognostic groups. Whenever possible the treatments are reduced to minimize

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both short and long-term toxicity. Epidemiologic studies are conducted to study the incidence, natural history and possible causes of childhood malignancies. Laboratory studies will be conducted to study the biology of cancer cells and correlate these with the clinical variables. The aims of our participation and those of CCG are a) to provide large numbers of patients for groupwide studies in order to make multiarm, randomized, prospective studies possible, b) to utilize the scientific leadership, expertise and clinical experience of Pediatric Oncologists and other experts at MSKCC to help design and implement new studies, and c) to contribute scientific and administrative expertise and experience to Standing Committees of CCG. Clinical studies at MSKCC will continue in the evaluation and development of new chemotherapeutic agents for patients who become refractory to conventional therapy. Pharmacologic studies will evaluate drug metabolism and correlate it with therapeutic response. Studies will be conducted in the role of bone marrow transplantation in hematopoietic disorders and refractory solid tumors. The extensive clinical facilities of MSKCC with its well developed intensive supportive care program and its research laboratories will make it possible to develop novel treatment protocols. They will be piloted and made available for groupwide randomized prospective trials. The clinical personnel of MSKCC have extensive and proven experience in the design and implementation of innovative treatment protocols that have been adopted worldwide. They will continue to provide leadership for CCG in study committees and strategy groups. Current pilot studies at MSKCC that will become available for CCG use during this grant period include protocol for high-risk ALL, a retrieval protocol for refractory Hodgkin's disease, a new CNS leukemia therapy, a new osteogenic sarcoma protocol and a monoclonal antibody treatment for neuroblastoma. Members of the affiliate hospitals have been participating in CCG studies and have proven their ability to conduct the clinical studies and provide material for laboratory evaluation. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: CHILDRENS CANCER GROUP (CCG) Principal Investigator & Institution: Rogers, Paul C.; University of British Columbia 2075 Wesbrook Pl Vancouver, Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-JUL-1981; Project End 30-NOV-2002 Summary: The Pediatric Oncology Division of the University of British Columbia, Department of Pediatrics, has a long established record of commitment to CCG. The Division has enjoyed full membership since 1974 and NCI funding support since 1980. The Division actively participates in CCG Trials as well as being involved in strategic planning, trial design, lab-based research, outcome analysis and administrative responsibilities within the CCG network. During the next 5 year grant cycle, the Division will continue to participate in all aspects of CCG activities. Specific aims: Commitment to continue to enter as many patients as possible into CCG Trials; Actively participate in new proposals specifically in the field of high risk acute lymphatic leukemia (Dr. K. Schultz), Hodgkin's Disease (Dr. C. Fryer), radionucleotide imaging studies- Thallium (Dr. H. Nadel), radiotherapy aspects of CCG (Dr. C. Fryer); Investigate prognostic markers specifically the significance of molecular abnormalities in sarcomas (Dr. P. Sorensen); Continue to develop new therapies for poor prognostic patients, specifically to continue Phase II Pilot work on marrow ablative therapy and PBSC rescue in patients presenting with metastatic disease utilizing molecular genetic techniques to detect minimal residual disease and contamination of PBSC; To continue our laboratory research into understanding mechanisms of graft-versus-host disease and graft-versus-leukemia effect to gain further understanding of the host response to

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malignant disease; To expand our molecular biology research into the genetic changes associated with childhood cancers; and to investigate the cytolytic T-cell therapy for Hodgkin's Disease directed against EB viral antigens (Dr. K. Schultz and Dr. Ru Tan). Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN HODGKINS DISEASE Principal Investigator & Institution: Horning, Sandra J.; Professor of Medicine; Medicine; Stanford University Stanford, Ca 94305 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 07-FEB-1992; Project End 31-MAR-2002 Summary: It is the objective of these studies to improve the treatment outcomes for patients with newly diagnosed Hodgkin's disease and to continue to monitor the late effects of treatment on adults and children participating in past and present clinical trials. We intend to accomplish these goals through the conduct of novel therapeutic studies and the maintenance of a database on over 2500 Hodgkin's disease patients. The proposed clinical studies build upon our previous research efforts in Hodgkin's disease. A novel treatment for adults with early stage disease has been designed to maintain high cure rates, limit staging, and reduce late effects. This treatment, which consists of just eight weeks of chemotherapy followed by lower dose, modified involved field irradiation, is based on the success of abbreviated chemotherapy and limited irradiation in advanced stage disease. We plan to continue to study the abbreviated chemotherapy program, Stanford U, alone or in combination with irradiation in unfavorable and advanced stage Hodgkin's disease. Preliminary data indicate that this treatment approach is highly effective and, to date, has not been associated with serious morbidity. In the adult studies we plan to incorporate potentially more sensitive nuclear imaging for the identification of Hodgkin's disease and assessing the risk for relapse following the described treatments. Similar to adults, children with Hodgkin's disease will be treated according to risk group on clinical trials conducted at Stanford University, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and the Dana Farber Cancer Center. Those patients with favorable, limited disease will receive four cycles of chemotherapy and low dose irradiation while an alternating chemotherapy program and low dose irradiation will be used for patients with unfavorable or advanced disease. Follow-on studies are planned for each of the clinical trials in progress in adults and children. An integral part of this application is the continued follow up of patients enrolled on prospective clinical trials at Stanford University since 1962. This includes the description of relapses, subsequent therapies, late morbidity, fatal treatment complications, causes of death and survival in over 2500 treated patients. These data, which have allowed Stanford investigators to make seminal observations on late effects such as second malignancy and cardiac disease, are maintained in a sophisticated database, representing a national resource for the efficacy and complications of the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: COMMUNITY CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PROGRAM Principal Investigator & Institution: Locker, Gershon Y.; Chief; Evanston Northwestern Healthcare 2650 Ridge Ave Evanston, Il 60201 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 01-SEP-1983; Project End 31-MAY-2008 Summary: (provided by applicant): Evanston Northwestern Healthcare has over 20 years of successful participation as an NCI-designated CCOP. Over these years we have met or exceeded clinical trial accrual goals, held leadership positions in our research bases, directed national cooperative group studies and brought to the cooperative

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groups our experience and expertise in many areas such as quality-of-life research, thoracic and breast oncology, neuro-oncology and recently cancer genetics. Evanston Northwestern Healthcare has the only tertiary care oncology program in our area (population >1.2 million) with consistent participation in NCI-approved cancer treatment, prevention and control studies. We are the major supplier of oncologic healthcare in our area, and a major force for health education and promotion. The specific aims of this renewal proposal are: 1. To continue to offer the populations of the North suburbs of Chicago state-of-the-art clinical research trials covering cancer treatment, control, and prevention. 2. To extend our efforts into Lake County, Illinois (population 661,000), one of the fastest growing communities in the Midwest and until now not served by any medical institution with consistent participation in NIHapproved clinical trials in oncology. 3. To disseminate within our catchment area stateof-the-art clinical practice in oncology as an outgrowth of our participation in the CCOP programs. 4. To bring to our national research bases expertise and proposals based on the ongoing research programs and clinical strengths of Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, and reflecting the needs of our community. 5. To expand our cancer treatment, prevention and control efforts to underserved and minority populations. 6. To continue our leadership positions in our established national research bases and to offer leadership in our new research base. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF CLINICALLY STAGED PEDIATRIC HODGKINS DISEASE Principal Investigator & Institution: Puccetti, Diane M.; University of Wisconsin Madison 750 University Ave Madison, Wi 53706 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: This abstract is not available. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: CONTROL OF T LYMPHOPOIESIS AND GROWTH BY MAD GENES Principal Investigator & Institution: Iritani, Brian M.; Comparative Medicine; University of Washington Seattle, Wa 98195 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 01-JUL-2003; Project End 30-DEC-2007 Summary: (provided by applicant): Antigen-activated lymphocytes, or transformed lymphocytes in leukemias, must double their size and contents (termed cell growth) before they can divide into equal sized daughter cells. Despite the importance of cell growth in normal cell proliferation and cancer, the molecular events that control cell growth in dividing lymphocytes or other mammalian cells remain an enigma. Our preliminary studies in mice suggest that the Mad family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors (Mad1, Mxi1, Mad3, Mad4), considered to be antagonists of the Myc oncoprotein, inhibit T cell proliferation and development in part by inhibiting cell growth. Furthermore, human mad1 and mxi1 genes each localize to separate chromosome regions associated with lymphocytic leukemias, Hodgkin's disease, and prostatic carcinomas suggesting the importance of mad genes in lymphocyte biology and cancer. The broad objective of this proposal is to determine the normal roles and mechanism of action of Mad family members in the development and expansion of T Iymphocytes Specifically, we intend to: (1) Test the hypothesis that Mad family members modulate the maturation of T lymphocytes. We will examine the role(s) of Mad family members in T lymphocyte development by employing targeted deletion,

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and transgenic overexpression, of selected Mad family members in mice. (2) Test the hypothesis that Mad family members control the proliferation and cell growth (cell size, protein synthesis) of T Iymphocytes during T cell activation. We will examine the functional consequences of Mad overexpression or loss on cell division, cell size, RNA processing, and protein synthesis in primary lymphocytes immediately following activation. (3) Test the hypothesis that Mad directly binds and modulates the expression of essential genes involved in cell growth control. We will determine if Mad1 inhibits the expression of several essential genes involved in cell growth control. We will then use chromatin immunoprecipitation assays to determine if the regulatory regions of these genes are directly bound by Mad proteins. Together, these aims will test the overall hypothesis that Mad-Max complexes normally modulate lymphocyte proliferation and development in part by controlling the expression of growthregulating genes. Results of these studies will identify target genes that could be manipulated to regulate the balance between Myc and Mad in order to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation in lymphomas or autoimmune disease, or to enhance clonal expansion of antigen-specific lymphocytes in a primary immune response, or following bone marrow transplantation. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: DNA METHYLATION IN NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMAS Principal Investigator & Institution: Caldwell, Charles W.; Professor of Pathology and Anatomical Sc; Pathology; University of Missouri Columbia 310 Jesse Hall Columbia, Mo 65211 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 16-APR-2003; Project End 31-MAR-2007 Summary: The major activity in our laboratory is studies of DNA methylation in tumorigenesis, a process commonly observed in GC-rich sequences called CpG islands in many types of human cancers and is often associated with transcriptional silencing. Using non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) as a model system, our discovery-driven preliminary studies demonstrate that DNA hypermethylation is not a random event; many CpG island loci are susceptible to methylation alteration. As a result of this epigenetic mutation, the expression of genes that govern key functions of the cell may become silent, leading to clonal proliferation of tumor cells. Differential susceptibility of critical CpG island loci to DNA hypermethylation may therefore influence the development of different NHL subtypes and may help explain differences in tumor growth and treatment outcomes. We have identified several loci that are differentially methylated and may be involved in lymphomagenesis. Our Central Hypothesis: B-cell differentiation is affected by methylation of CpG islands and this frequently leads to silencing of gene transcription. We further hypothesize that 1) Histological classes of NHL actually contain more than one clinical disease; 2) Hypermethylation of CpG island loci in NHL cells can generate unique molecular signatures that are associated with clinical subtypes and; 3) Dissecting these complex epigenetic profiles requires an understanding of gene methylation in normal, as well as neoplastic, B-cell differentiation. This application will expand a current version of our MethylationSpecific Oligonucleotide (MSO) microarray, an invention that combines the power of the bisulfite treatment protocol with the versatility of oligonucleotide microarrays, and apply this innovative technique to study DNA methylation in cases of B-cell NHL and normal B-cells at similar stages of differentiation, and relate these changes to gene silencing and classification. We plan to test our hypotheses by pursuing 4 specific aims; 1. Generate an MSO microarray for analysis of promoter hypermethylation at about 4,000 loci in 80 genes; 2. Determine patterns of CpG island methylation that characterize

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subsets of NHL classes and their putative normal stage of B-cell differentiation; 3. Correlate the status of promoter hypermethylation defined by MSO with gene expression; 4. Develop and apply data management, analysis and visualization tools to decipher methylation profiles of NHL classes. The proposed studies are expected to yield important insights into potential mechanisms of DNA methylation-driven gene silencing related to B-cell differentiation and development of clinical subtypes of NHL. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: EBNA1-SPECIFIC CD4+T HELPER 1 CELLS Principal Investigator & Institution: Bickham, Kara; Lab/Cell Physiol & Immunology; Rockefeller University New York, Ny 100216399 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-JUL-2001; Project End 30-JUN-2004 Summary: Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is a gamma herpes virus that latently infects greater than 90% of the adult population. Despite a relatively benign course in most carriers, EBV has growth transforming potential and is associated with a number of malignancies, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma and Burkitt's lymphoma. EBNA1 is a vital EBV latency antigen that maintains the viral episome and is found in all EBV-associated tumors. EBNA1-specific CD8+ T cell immunity is blocked by its glycine-alanine repeat domain, which prevents proteosomal processing for MHC class I. However, our laboratory recently showed that the normal host response to EBNA1 lies in the CD4+ TH1 T cell compartment. TH1 CD4+ T cells are known to be critical for resistance to tumors and viruses in mice. This project will characterize EBNA1-specific CD4+ lymphocytes in several ways. First, we will optimize techniques to detect EBNA1 - specific responses using intracellular cytokine staining and real time PCR and thereby have methods to follow this immune response in patients with EBVassociated malignancies. Second, we will investigate the role of the antigen-presenting cell in the polarization of the CD4+ T cells to TH1 in vivo. We will describe the phenotype of the EBNA1- specific response in blood and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes from patients with EBV-associated Hodgkin's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma to determine if EBNA1 immunity is reduced or changed to a TH2 response. Finally, we will learn to expand EBNA1 immunity in T cells from patients with EBVassociated malignancy, including if need be redirect established TH2 responses to TH1. These experiments will set the stage for clinical studies, most likely with dendritic cells pulsed with EBNA1, to manipulate the immune response in patients with EBVassociated malignancy. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: EBV BZLF1 GENE PRODUCT Principal Investigator & Institution: Flemington, Erik K.; Associate Professor; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Tulane University of Louisiana New Orleans, La New Orleans, La 70112 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-JAN-1993; Project End 10-APR-2003 Summary: EBV is the casual agent of infectious mononucleosis and is associated with the development of both B-cell and epithelial cell malignancies including the endemic form of Burkitt's lymphoma, post-transplantation lympho-proliferative diseases, AIDSassociated lymphomas, Hodgkin's disease and undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Viral genes expressed during the latent phase of the EBV life cycle are growth promoting and are responsible for EBV's link to these human cancers. However, it has been known for some time that the lytic phase of the EBV life cycle occurs in

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differentiated and/or growth arrested tissues. We have recently found that the lytic switch gene, Zta, has potent cell growth inhibitory activity suggesting that EBV can actively promote this cell growth arrested status. Therefore, Zta may represent an evolutionary counterpart to the latency associated EBV gene products. The objectives of this proposal are to identify how Zta integrates into cell-cycle control pathways and to learn how interactions with key cell- cycle control proteins influences progression through the EBV lytic replication cycle. Our specific aims are: 1) Genetic analysis of Zta mediated cellular growth arrest. a) Generation of Zta mutants (rationale) b) Preliminary characterization of Zta mutants - analysis of dimerization/DNA binding, nuclear localization, transactivation. c) Genetic analysis of Zta mediated growth arrest, p21, p27, and p53 induction, and inhibition of c-Myc expression. 2) Yeast two -hybrid for screening Zta interacting factors. a)Library screening. b) Clone selection - rationale. c) Interaction studies. d) Functional analysis of Zta:Zta-targeting factor interactions. 3) Genetic analysis of Zta mediated latency disruption. a) Development of model system. b) Analysis of latency disruption by Zta mutants. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: EBV GENOME EXPRESSION--LOCALIZATION OF SPECIFIC FUNCTION Principal Investigator & Institution: Hayward, S D.; Professor; Pharmacology; Johns Hopkins University 3400 N Charles St Baltimore, Md 21218 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 30-SEP-1981; Project End 31-MAR-2005 Summary: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immortalizes B cells and is associated with human malignancies including Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, Hodgkin's disease and lymphoproliferative disease in immunosuppressed patients such as AIDS patients and organ and bone marrow transplant patients. Primary infection by EBV may cause infectious mononucleosis in young adults. Primary infection leads to a proliferative expansion of the infected B cells. This is followed by the establishment of life-long persistence in which the EBV genome resides in resting B cells. Lytic viral replication occurs in the oropharynx and results in virus shedding into the saliva. Different patterns of EBV latency gene expression are seen in latently infected resting B cells and in EBV associated tumors. This application addresses factors that may regulate these expression patterns and contribute to the different aspects of EBV pathogenesis. EBV replication is necessary for virus spread and Zta is a key regulator of the EBV lytic cycle. Zta not only regulates EBV lytic DNA replication but may also influence the maintainance of latent infection. The Specific Aims are: (Aim 1). To characterize the role of Zta in replication of the EBV origin of lytic replication, orilyt. Transfection assays will be used to analyse the role of Zta in the formation of replication compartments, to analyze the relative contributions of Zta's transcriptional and replication activities to orilyt activation and to relate Zta mediated regulation of the cell cycle to Zta replication function. (Aim 2). To evaluate the contribution of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway to the regulation of EBV latency gene expression in in vivo latency and tumorigenesis. STAT regulation of individual EBV latency promoters will be examined in transient assays. The role of activated STATs and Zta expression in the maintainance of EBV positive epithelial tumor cell lines in culture will be pursued and negative regulation of the EBV lytic cycle by STATs will be examined. (Aim 3). A role for EBNA-1 in the regulation of EBV latency gene expression will be evaluated. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Hodgkin’s Disease

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Project Title: REGULATION

EBV

TRANSFORMATION

OF

B

LYMPHOCYTES--EBNA

Principal Investigator & Institution: Gutsch, David E.; Internal Medicine; University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 3003 South State, Room 1040 Ann Arbor, Mi 481091274 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 17-JUN-1997; Project End 02-JUN-2001 Summary: Epstein-Barr virus is strongly associated with Burkitt lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma and is responsible for lymphoproliferative disease in immunocompromised individuals. The long-term objectives of the studies proposed are to determine the mechanisms of cellular transformation by EBV. When this virus infects B cells in vitro, the lymphocytes become immortalized. Activation of the EBV W promoter (Wp) is the first viral transcriptional event detected during infection. Wp directs the early expression of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigens (EBNA). The EBNA proteins are involved in cellular and viral gene regulation and the maintenance of chronic EBV latency. Later in infection, there is a switch to usage of the other EBNA promoters, Cp, then Qp. While Cp and Qp have been studied extensively, almost no information exists regarding the specific cis and trans constituents of Wp regulation. Our preliminary studies have demonstrated the presence of at least three cis elements within the W promoter, so these elements have been selected for detailed study in this proposal. In the first specific aim, the particular cellular transcription factors which interact with critical cis elements in Wp will be characterized. Extensive promoter mutagenesis, gel shift assays, promoter footprinting and southwestern gels of bound factors will be employed. The second specific aim will explore the functional importance of Wp cis elements. This will be accomplished with transfection studies using expression vectors for pertinent transactivators and using various Wp deletional and mutational constructs. In the third aim, in vivo footprinting of Wp, and the use of whole EBV mutants with disruption of key cis elements will be used to demonstrate the in vivo significance of Wp domains. Finally, these studies will ascertain the in vivo role of factors acting upon Wp in trans during the time course of EBNA promoter switching. Knowledge gained from these studies might ultimately produce means of exploiting the control of EBV gene expression to augment immune destruction of EBV-infected malignant cells in such catastrophic diseases as Burkitt lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: EPIDEMIOLOGIC ANALYSIS OF EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS AND HODGKINS DISEASE Principal Investigator & Institution: Muller, Nancy E.; Harvard University (Medical School) Medical School Campus Boston, Ma 02115 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: The epidemiology of Hodgkin's disease (HD) is consistent with a viral etiology. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is closely related to HD on the basis of both serologic and molecular evidence, with 30- 50% of the cases' biopsies being EBV-genome positive. Several risk factors have been consistently identified which point to age of infection as an important modifier of risk in parallel with age at diagnosis. Following the paralytic polio paradigm, both very early and late EBV infections may be more severe. How these risk factor, serologic, and molecular data fit together is unknown. We propose to address this issue in a population-based case-control study conducted in the greater Boston area and the state of Connecticut, involving 600 incident cases and 600 population controls. Risk factor data will be obtained by telephone interview; blood

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23

specimens will be drawn from the cases, and tissue blocks tested for EBV- genome. These data will be evaluated for consistency with three models of HD pathogenesis: 1. The EBV is solely related to EBV- genome positive HD with EBV-genome negative disease due to non-viral causes; 2. HD is a virally induced malignancy with the EBV responsible for EBV-genome positive disease and another unidentified virus(es) linked to EBV-genome negative disease; 3. The EBV plays a crucial early role in the pathogenesis of essentially all HD cases but the genome is selectively lost in some patients. Both case-case and case-control comparisons will be done. By integrating the risk factor profile in relation to EBV-genome status of a large series of cases, we should be able to distinguish between these alternative hypotheses. This will be complimented by the serologic comparisons between the two sets of case, and in concert with data from Project 2. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS LATENCY AND ONCOGENESIS Principal Investigator & Institution: Kieff, Elliott; Princeton University 4 New South Building Princeton, Nj 085440036 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: The objective of these experiments is to understand the mechanisms by which Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) establishes latent infection, persists, and causes neoplasia. The specific aims are (i) To complete the identification of EBV reading frames and proteins that are expressed at various stages of experimental latent or lytic infection of cells, in vitro. (ii) To identify cellular genes whose expression is specifically altered during the course of latent or lytic EBV infection, in vitro. (iii) To further identify viral and cellular genes expressed in cell lines and tumor tissue from patents with EBV associated Lymphoproliferative Disease, Burkitt's Lymphoma, Hodgkin's Disease, Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, and Gastric Cancer and to further explore the association of EBV with testicular cancers. (iv) To further identify EBV and cellular gene expression in latently infected lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and lymphoid organs of normal people undergoing phlebotomy, biopsy, or surgical resection. (v) To establish and maintain databases of the effects of EBV on cell gene expression. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIATION IN B LYMPHOCYTES Principal Investigator & Institution: Rittenberg, Marvin B.; Professor; Molecular Microbiology and Immunology; Oregon Health & Science University Portland, or 972393098 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-JUL-1988; Project End 31-MAR-2003 Summary: (Adapted from the Investigator's abstract): The ability of somatic mutation to modify the course of a humoral immune response is well documented. However, the focus has been almost exclusively on the ability of this process to improve the functional characteristics of representative antibodies; the harmful effects have not been well characterized. Yet in terms of cell numbers, all evidence suggests that B-cell wastage caused by harmful somatic mutations probably far exceeds the number of cells whose antibodies are improved through mutation. The purpose of this project is to gain quantitative insight into the contribution of mutation to B-cell wastage and secondly to exploit the well-known power of harmful mutations, to illuminate function. The investigators have previously made and characterized in vitro the binding of a large number of mutants of the T15 antibody to the hapten, phosphocholine (PC). The

24

Hodgkin’s Disease

hypothesis is that mutant Abs displaying defective Ag binding or secretion in vitro would lead to apoptosis and B-cell wastage if they were to occur in vivo. This hypothesis will be tested in three ways: 1) by examining the ability of mutant antibodies to recognize PC which is displayed in different structural contexts on the surfaces of the pathogenic organisms, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Ascaris suum and Trichinella spiralis as well as Proteus morganii; 2) by testing the ability of mutant antibodies to transmit antigen-induced signals to transfected B lymphoma cells, and 3) by examining apoptotic GC B-cells for mutations in the VH1 gene of T15 shown to be harmful in vitro. These studies bear on B-cell wastage and homeostasis and the causes of apoptosis in germinal centers where recent evidence has suggested some lymphoid tumors such as Hodgkin's disease may originate. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: FUNCTIONAL STUDIES OF GP42 AND HLA CLASS 11 IN EBV Principal Investigator & Institution: Longnecker, Richard M.; Associate Professor; Microbiology and Immunology; Northwestern University Office of Sponsored Programs Chicago, Il 60611 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 22-FEB-2002; Project End 30-NOV-2006 Summary: This proposal represents a collaborative project between Dr. Longnecker and Dr. Jardetzky to define the molecular mechanisms involved in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) entry into B lymphocytes, the major target cell of EBV in human hosts. EBV is associated with a variety of hematopoietic, epithelial, and lymphoproliferative diseases. EBV causes infectious mononucleosis in adolescents and is known to play an etiological role in human malignancies. EBV is a causative agent in endemic Burkitts lymphoma and undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). EBV is also recognized as an important pathogen in immunosuppressed individuals, causing a variety of proliferative disorders including immunoblastic lymphomas, oral hairy leukoplakia, and an unusual tumor of muscle origin in immunosuppressed children. EBV may also be a factor in a variety of other human malignancies including some T-cell lymphomas, Hodgkin's Disease, and breast cancer. These disorders suggest a wide variety of tissue tropism for EBV in vivo. In vitro and in vivo, the cells that are most susceptible to EBV infection and most permissive for viral replication are of B cell origin. The major viral envelope glycoprotein 350 (gp350) binds to the complement receptor type two (CD21) which is abundantly expressed on B cells. Fusion of the virion membrane with the cell membrane minimally requires a complex of viral proteins that includes gp85, gp25, and gp42. Gp42 has been specifically found to bind to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II and this interaction is required for EBV entry into B lymphocytes. To date, little is known about the mechanism that EBV uses to bind and penetrate B cells. This proposal will analyze the role of gp42 and its interaction with HLA for viral entry by structurefunction studies. Clarifying the interactions between cellular receptors and viral glycoproteins is essential for understanding the tropisms behind EBV associated diseases. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: GEMCITABINE IN RELAPSED HODGKIN'S DIS/ NONHODGKINS LYMPH Principal Investigator & Institution: Yuen, Alan R.; Stanford University Stanford, Ca 94305 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001

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Summary: We are testing the activity of the chemotherapy agent gemcitabine in patients with recurrent or refractory Hodgkin's disease or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Patients may have either disease and must have recurred or progressed after standard treatments. Patients will receive treatment until the maximum benefit is achieved, usually around six months of treatment. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: GENETIC STUDY OF HODGKIN'S DISEASE Principal Investigator & Institution: Yao, Yin Y.; Pediatrics; Johns Hopkins University 3400 N Charles St Baltimore, Md 21218 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 16-JUL-1999; Project End 30-JUN-2003 Summary: This is a pilot study grant application for a genetic study of Hodgkin's disease (HD). The grant includes two parts. Part I is to collect blood samples from 200 sib pairs affected with HD and their parents through national and international collaborations, and to use DNA microsatellites in candidate regions to identify genes contributing to HD, and to examine gene-environment interaction in etiology of HD. Approximately 20 DNA markers, including HLA and non-HLA regions which were documented to have an association with HD will be tested. Part II is a meta analysis for pre-existing familial HD data with HLA haplotype information pooled from the literature. The main focus in Part I is 1) to test the hypothesis of a major gene factor to estimate age specific penetrance using complex segregation analysis and 2) to test the hypothesis of linkage and quantify the proportion of HLA linked or non- linked families using lod score approach and non-parametric linkage analysis and 3) to estimate relative risk in sibs based on HLA haplotype information. preliminary study for the purpose of Part I has been carried out on 63 HD patients. We tested one DNA marker named DQCARIII in the HLA class 11 region. The results support a weak association between HD and the marker DNA (P value =0.06). This naturally provides a candidate gene for our study. For the purpose of Part II, 60 multiple families from the published literature have been identified. That data is being entered and verified at the current time. In summary, we believe that this is a feasible approach and can serve as a first step towards future breakthroughs in our understanding of HD by addressing the association between DNA markers and HD, and by thoroughly examining the genetic mode of inheritance of HD through sophisticated statistical tools. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: GRAFT REJECTION Principal Investigator & Institution: Mcniece, Ian K.; Professor; Oncology; Johns Hopkins University 3400 N Charles St Baltimore, Md 21218 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 08-APR-2003; Project End 31-MAR-2005 Summary: (provided by applicant): Non-myeloablative transplants are being used increasingly for a number of diseases, including Non Hodgkins lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, myeloma, acute leukemia, chronic lymphoytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). A reduction in toxicity compared to fully myeloabative allogeneic stem cell transplantation is stimulating the use of this strategy particularly for older patients. Donor engraftment is achieved in the majority of patients, however, a significant number of patients, particularly those with myelodisplastic syndrome (MDS) experience secondary loss of donor engraftment. This can be fatal for some patients due to the prolonged pancytopenia that follows. There are several possibilities for the loss of donor engraftment; 1) donor graft rejection by recipient T cells, 2) late donor graft failure

26

Hodgkin’s Disease

due to insufficient stem cells in the graft, or 3) dominance of recipient stem cells due to competitive repopulation. In allogeneic transplants to support high dose chemotherapy, graft failure/graft rejection occurs early after transplant within the first month, however, for patients that achieve early donor engraftment secondary graft failure/graft rejection is rare and only occurs in less than 5% of patients [1,2]. In contrast, nearly a 100% of patients receiving mini-allogeneic transplants achieve donor engraftment within 2 months of transplant. Graft failure/graft rejection occurs at 2 to 4 months post transplant in approximately 15% of mini-allogeneic recipients. We hypothesize that loss of donor grafts in non-myeloablative stem cell transplant (NST) recipients can occur due to rejection of the donor cells by recipient T cells and/or low numbers of donor stem cells in the graft resulting in secondary graft failure. The aim of this proposal is to develop methods to evaluate graft rejection and determine the mechanisms responsible for late donor graft failure in recipients of NST. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: HEART FUNCTION FOLLOWING TREATMENT OF HODGKIN'S DISEASE AND RADIATION Principal Investigator & Institution: Chen, Ming Hui.; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center St 1005 Boston, Ma 02215 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: This abstract is not available. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCY PROGRAM Principal Investigator & Institution: Forman, Stephen J.; Director; Beckman Research Inst of City of Hope Helford Building Duarte, Ca 910103000 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 07-FEB-2003; Project End 30-NOV-2007 Summary: The purposeof the Hematologic Malignancy Program is to develop laboratory-based treatment programs that will lead to improvements in long-term, disease-free survival following allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplantation and widen the applicability of the therapy. This progress is dependent upon the development of novel therapeutic programs to decrease relapse and to prevent complications of the therapy. During the previous funding periods, we completed a series of Phase I, II and III trials in both allogeneic and autologous transplantation which have led to improvements in the outcome for patients with hematologic malignancy. These include allogeneic transplant trials in leukemia; graft-versus-host disease and CMV infection; and autologous transplant in Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, AML and lymphoma. During this time, progress in our understanding the immunology of CMV has facilitated the development of peptide-based immunization trials to control CMV infection after transplantation. The first trials utilizing retroviral-mediated gene transfer of ribozymes that convey resistance to HIV were performed for patients undergoing autologous BMTfor HIV lymphoma. In addition, programs in hematopoiesis and tumor immunology focused on leukemia and lymphoma were also developed. Importantly, the construction of the Center for Biomedicine and Genetics was planned and completed. This biologic production facility enables us to perform novel clinical studies utilizing radioimmunotherapy for treatment of leukemia and lymphoma, genetic modification of T cells targeted to leukemia and lymphoma andgene therapy trials in HIV lymphomautilizing AAV and lentivirus. The work accomplished in the previous funding period, the clinical expansion of the program and the introduction

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27

of new investigators will allow us to achieve our goals for the next funding cycle which include: 1. To improve the longterm, disease-free survival of patients with hematologic malignancy undergoing allogeneic or autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 2. To use novel interventions for genetic manipulation of hematopoietic cells, radioimmunotherapy,antigen specific T-cell immunotherapy and peptide immunizations to accomplish these goals. 3. To develop Phase I and Phase II clinical trials that can be tested in larger patient populations or in comparative trials in the cooperative group setting. The 48 members of the Hematologic Malignancies program have published 403 articles, book chapters, etc., since the last competitive grant review. Of these, 209 are intraprogrammatic and 173 are interprogrammatic publications. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: HOST IMMUNITY TO EBV INFECTION IN VITRO AND IN VIVO Principal Investigator & Institution: Thorley-Lawson, David A.; Professor of Pathology; Pathology; Tufts University Boston Boston, Ma 02111 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 01-SEP-1981; Project End 31-JAN-2008 Summary: (provided by applicant): The long term objective of this study is to develop a deeper understanding of persistent infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV has the capacity to drive the proliferation of resting B lymphocytes and this makes it a risk factor for human cancers such as Hodgkin's disease, Burkitt's lymphoma, immunoblastic lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, the virus is able to persist in a quiescent state in vivo where it specifically targets resting memory B cells. By understanding how EBV can persist in most individuals without causing disease we hope to gain insight into what goes wrong when the virus does cause neoplastic disease. This study wilt employ sophisticated cell fractionation techniques and quantitative RealTime DNA and RT PCR assays to address four unresolved issues around EBV persistence. 1. Does acute EBV infection, infectious mononucleosis (AIM), represent a disordered state of EBV infection or simply an amplified version of the stable, long term carrier state? 2. Does EBV, like other herpesviruses, shut off the expression of all protein coding genes when it reaches its final site of persistence - long lived memory B cells in the peripheral blood? 3. What is the nature and origin of the latently infected memory cells proposed as the site of EBV persistence? Are they bona fide memory cells? Does antigen play a role in the production and/or maintenance of these memory cells or do latent proteins perform these functions? How rapidly do the infected cells turn over? 4. Are epithelial cells of the nasopharyngeal lymphoid system e.g. tonsils infected with EBV in vivo or infectable in vitro? Previous studies have analyzed EBV infection of epithelial cell lines and tissues from sites other than the site of persistent infection - the nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue. However, epithelial tissues are biologically diverse so we will focus our studies on the biologically relevant epithelium from the tonsil. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: HUMAN GAMMA HERPES VIRUS DNA VACCINES Principal Investigator & Institution: Dittmer, Dirk; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City, Ok 73104 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: Human gamma herpesviruses include Epstein-Barr virus (EBV or HHV- 4) and Kaposi's Sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV-8). Both are oncogenic and have a chronic latent phase of infection, which leaves humans hosts infected for life. We hope to adapt the current knowledge of these viruses to develop DNA vaccines. Our purpose

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Hodgkin’s Disease

is to facilitate the elimination or relative suppression of Kaposi's sarcoma (especially in AIDS patients), as caused by KSHV, and of the latent EBV infection found in normals or expressed in some lymphomas, Hodgkin's disease, nasopharyngeal carcinomas, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease, and infectious mononucleosis. These are over 150 gene products from which to select the targets for a DNA vaccine, as measured by the number of open reading frames in EBV and KSHV. We plan to begin this project (Specific Aim 1) by constructing DNA vaccines directed against four viral gene products, the TSAs ("tumor specific antigens"): LANA (latency associated nuclear antigen) and v-cyclin form KSHV and LMP-1 ((latent membrane protein) and LMP-2A from EBV. The immunogenicity and optimal vaccination strategy will be evaluated and developed in Balb/c mice (Specific Aim 2), where suppression of the transformed phenotype is expected using appropriately engineered vectors with, the 10(3) cell line. (Additional modifications may be needed for LMP-2A, which is the only one of the four TSAs not known to be oncogenic.) Finally, in preparation for future human studies we will test the DNA vaccines in non-human primates (Specific Aim 3). The suppression of EBV-induced lymphomas by the DNA vaccines will be assessed in Cotton top tamarins. Similarly, the acceleration of KSHV elimination will be assessed in DNA vaccine immunized Rhesus macaques. This experience and the immunologic evaluations performed will hopefully be preparatory for a successful trial of one or more of these gamma herpes virus vaccines in man. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: IMMUNE CONTROL OF EPISTEIN BARR VIRUS IN HODGKINS DISEASE Principal Investigator & Institution: Ambinder, Richard F.; Harvard University (Medical School) Medical School Campus Boston, Ma 02115 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: EBV nucleic acids and antigens are commonly detected in association with the tumor cells of Hodgkin's disease. Abnormal immune function has long been recognized in patients with Hodgkin's disease but there has not yet been any systematic attempt to study EBV infection and the immune response to EBV in patients with Hodgkin's disease. We will study patients with newly diagnosed EBV(+) and EBV(-) Hodgkin's disease seen at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy in Boston to determine: (i) the EBV load in peripheral blood lymphocytes, (ii) the CD8 cytotoxic immune response to a panel of EBV latency antigens expressed in Hodgkin's disease, (iii) the CD4 proliferative and cytokine responses to a panel of EBV latency antigens. This study will be the first comprehensive study of EBV and Hodgkin's disease, and will provide information crucial to characterizing the interplay between the viral infection, the immune system and tumorigenesis. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: INFECTION

IMMUNE

CONTROL

OF

LATENT

GAMMAHERPESVIRUS

Principal Investigator & Institution: Blackman, Marcia A.; Associate Member; Trudeau Institute, Inc. Saranac Lake, Ny 12983 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 01-DEC-2002; Project End 30-NOV-2007 Summary: (provided by applicant): Gammaherpesviruses, such as Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus are important human pathogens, associated with lymphoproliferative disorders and various maligancies, including

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Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Kaposi's sarcoma. The initial lytic infection is efficiently cleared, but the virus establishes life-long latency, effectively hiding from the immune system. Periodic viral reactivation occurs sporadically, but is kept in check by host mechanisms of immune control. CD8+ T cells have been shown to be important for control of EBV, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. In the current proposal, we will exploit a new mouse model, murine gammaherpesvirus-68, MHV-68, to study basic mechanisms of immune control of this important class of viruses. Accumulating data from our laboratory and others show that MHV-68 latency is harbored in multiple cell types and anatomical sites. Therefore, an essential first step in characterizing immune control is to characterize reservoirs of latency, and determine mechanisms for maintaining the latent load, which will be addressed in Aims 1 and 2 of the current proposal. Taking this information into account, we will then examine immune mechanisms for controlling latency and preventing viral recrudescence in Aim 3. This is important for human health, as loss of immune control as a consequence of AIDS or post-transplant immunosuppression is associated with increased latent load and the onset of disease. The availability of an easily manipulated experimental mouse model is a major advance in the field, and allows fundamental mechanisms to be addressed. It is anticipated that the basic information gathered in this proposal will provide insight into the mechanisms of immune control of the clinicallyrelevant human gammaherpesviruses. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR EBV POSITIVE HODGKIN'S DISEASE Principal Investigator & Institution: Lucas, Kenneth G.; Assistant Professor; Pediatrics; University of Alabama at Birmingham Uab Station Birmingham, Al 35294 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-SEP-2001; Project End 31-AUG-2003 Summary: (Provided by applicant): Patients with chemotherapy-refractory Hodgkin's disease (HD) have few treatment options. Approximately 40 percent of all cases of HD have been shown to be associated with Epstein Barr virus (EBV), characterized by a type II Latency pattern of infection and expression of fewer EBV antigens than in Latency III tumors. Previous studies have established that adoptive immunotherapy for EBVinduced lymphoproliferations in stem cell transplant and organ transplant patients (Latency III infections) with EBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) can lead to remission of disease. It is possible that similar strategies would be successful for Latency type II disorders. The objective of this study is to examine the clinical and immunologic effects of infusing donor-derived, EBVspecific CTL from HLA identical or haploidentical donors for patients with relapsed/refractory, EBV-positive HD. The spectrum of the EBV antigens recognized by the CTL preparation and from patient T cells postinfusion will be determined, as well as levels of EBV specific CTL precursors (CTLp) by limiting dilution analysis (LDA). The therapeutic outcome will be assessed with clinical and radiographic endpoints and will be correlated with the level of donor/host HLA disparity, CTL reactivity against Latency II antigens, and levels of EBV CTLp postinfusion. We will track the infused CTL using PCR assays for short tandem repeats (STR). While the initial group of patients will receive EBV CTL without prior immunosuppression, subsequent cohorts of patients will receive a single CTL infusion following fludarabine, which will be used as an immunosuppressive agent to facilitate lymphoid engraftment. Since immunosuppression may increase the risk of graft vs. host disease, the CTL infusates and patient blood specimens will be examined for the presence of donor-derived, recipient specific T cells by LDA. To assess risk for CTL rejection, LDA will also be performed on post-infusion blood specimens to detect host-

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derived CD4 and CD8 cells with reactivity against donor antigens. This study will provide information on 1) whether therapy with allogeneic EBV specific CTL has clinical efficacy against EBV-positive HD; 2) if effective, whether this is correlated with effector cells specific to EBV latency type II antigens, and 3) if not effective, whether the failure is associated with a short half-life of the infused CTL. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS-ASSOCIATED MALIGNAN Principal Investigator & Institution: Yang, Yiping; Medicine; Duke University Durham, Nc 27706 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 12-SEP-2002; Project End 31-AUG-2005 Summary: (provided by applicant): Dr. Yang?s long-term career goal is to pursue translational research in the development of novel therapies for the malignancies. His immediate term career objective is to explore antigendefined immunotherapeutic approaches for Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancies. EBV(+) tumors offer a unique opportunity to develop antigendefined immunotherapeutic strategies because specific EBV antigens expressed in tumor cells can serve as validated targets for T cell mediated specific tumor killing. The overall objective of this proposal is to study methods of immune manipulation targeting EBV-associated tumors, specifically nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and Hodgkin?s disease (HD). Strategies to be pursued include: 1) an antigen-specific cell vaccine to induce or enhance specific T cell responses in patients with NPC; 2) ex vivo expansion of antigen-specific T cells from patients with HD or NPC using dendritic cells transduced with self-inactivating recombinant lentiviral vectors of interest; and 3) combination of in vivo vaccination and ex vivo expansion strategies in NPC patients. Success in ex vivo expansion will lead to an adoptive immunotherapeutic trial. These EBV-associated tumors are seen as models for other tumors in which tumor specific antigens have been identified and the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: IMPROVED RETROVIRAL GENE THERAPY IN AIDS LYMPHOMA Principal Investigator & Institution: Zaia, John A.; Director, Virology and Infectious Diseas; City of Hope National Medical Center Duarte, Ca 91010 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: Project V will evaluate HIV vector-mediated delivery of anti-HIV ribozyme genes into stem cells, followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for the treatment of AIDS lymphoma. This project will specifically address the issue of safety in HIV-vector application using novel methods for vector modification and production. In addition, improved assays for detecting helper-virus contamination in vector preparations will be established. For gene therapy-based ASCT in AIDS lymphoma patients, this project will develop anti-HIV-1 ribozymes designed for use not only for the improvement of safe vector production, but also for eventual anti-viral effect in the clinical study. The study of the HIV vector and the efficacy of the anti-HIV ribozymes delivered by the vector will be evaluated in transduced CD34+ cells derived from AIDS lymphoma patients in preclinical studies. Finally, a clinical trial of HIV-vector transduced ASCT will be completed in a study of AIDS- related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. Methods for the production of helper free HIV vectors will utilize ribozymes that target HIV sequences that are not included in the

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vector and sequences of VSV-G that are crucial to vector packaging. The candidate HIVvector chosen for clinical trial will have been exhaustively analyzed for absence of helper virus. In addition to protection of the production lot from contamination with helper virus, this vector will also encode anti-HIV ribozymes that could potentially have activities in vivo against HIV-1 infection and influence long-term survival This project will advance the theme of the Program by seeking to improve the outcome of transplantation for hematologic malignancy. In addition, interactions of Project II, Project IV, and Project V, in which HIV-vectors and AAV- vectors are evaluated for stem cell gene delivery, will permit a comparison of these vectors within a similar patients groups for transduction efficiency, cell engraftment, and duration of transgene expression. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: IN VIVO SOMATIC MUTATIONS IN CHILDREN WITH CANCER Principal Investigator & Institution: Finette, Barry A.; Pediatrics; University of Vermont & St Agric College 340 Waterman Building Burlington, Vt 05405 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 30-SEP-1998; Project End 29-SEP-2002 Summary: (Applicant's Description): The primary objective of this proposal is to complete a 3 component career development plan that will result in the applicant's acquiring the necessary skills and experience to develop an independent translational research program investigating the genetic mechanisms responsible for malignant transformation in children. The 3 components of this plan are: 1) a one-year comentorship with two senior cancer researcher scientists who will provide him with the guidance and expertise required to complete the academic and research portion of his training: 2) a didactic program that focuses on specific areas of cancer biology; and 3) a transition segment from colleague/mentor to independent research scientist and collaborator during the independent research portion of his proposal. The principal research objectives of this proposal are to investigate the molecular mechanisms and biologic consequences of in vivo somatic genetic events responsible for pediatric malignancies. The hypothesis of the applicants is that somatic mutational events in children with cancer will occur at a higher frequency and with a unique mutational spectra compared to a normal population. The specific aims which will test the proposed hypotheses are: 1) to determine the frequency and mutational spectra of background and t h erapy induced in vivo somatic mutations in children with specific malignancies (acute lymphocytic leukemia [ALL], Hodgkin's disease, neuroblastoma, and sarcomas) and where possible, to correlate these molecular events with subsequent diseases: 2) to determine if "illegitimate" V(D)J recombinase mediated mutations occur at a known cancer gene, p53; and 3) to isolate and identify T-lymphocyte imitator phenotype clones from children with relapsed ALL who have an extremely high frequency of background somatic mutations. The frequency of somatic mutational events will be determined by the hprt T-cell cloning assay. Mutational spectra of hprt and p53 mutations will be determined by a variety of methods including multiplex PCR, RT-PCR, IPCR, Southern blotting and DNA sequencing. Clonality of hypermutable clones will be determined by RFLP analysis of TCR gamma and CDR3 region DNA sequence analysis of TCR-beta. These studies will provide the first data on the frequency and mutational spectrum of in vivo spontaneous or treatment induced somatic mutations in children with specific malignancies. The investigators will also begin to determine the potential mutagenic effects associated [with] background "illegitimate" V(D)J recombinase mediated events in a known cancer gene, p53. In addition, the isolation of mutator phenotype clones will allow for future m e chanistic studies

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characterizing the genetic and biologic defect(s) associated with leukemogenesis in children. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: MENTORED DEVELOPMENT AW

PATIENT

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Principal Investigator & Institution: Sampson, John H.; Medicine; Duke University Durham, Nc 27706 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-SEP-2000; Project End 31-AUG-2005 Summary: (Adapted from the applicant's abstract): The brain is the most frequent site of crippling and incurable human disease, and malignant primary brain tumors alone are more common than Hodgkin's disease, and cause more deaths than cancer of the bladder or kidney, leukemia, or melanoma. Conventional therapy for malignant brain tumors is ineffective and incapacitating, and represents the most expensive medical therapy per quality- adjusted life-year saved currently provided in the U.S. At the investigators institution, direct injection of (131)I-labeled, operationally-specific, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) into brain tumor resection cavities delivers extremely high radiation doses to tumor cells around the resection cavity and has produced promising results in Phase II clinical trials. However, these MAbs diffuse only short distances beyond the cavity. Therefore, most of the radiation extending beyond the cavity is not specifically targeted to tumor cells and the radiation dose delivered beyond the cavity declines exponentially from the cavity interface. As a result, tumor cells that are known to infiltrate the brain for significant distances beyond the cavity are subopitimally treated and lethal tumors always recur within 2cm of the radiated resection cavity. Continuous microinfusion is a promising technique that allows homogeneous delivery of even large molecular weight molecules at high concentrations throughout large areas of the brain. Although this technique may enhance the delivery of (131)I-labeled MAbs and other therapeutic agents to diffusely infiltrating malignant brain tumors and reduce recurrence rates, the parameters that govern this technique and its limitations have not been defined. One of the major goals of this proposal is to define these parameters. In addition, this proposal is designed to investigate whether targeted radiotherapy might be improved through the use of human chimeric MAbs with increased biostability and the use of high linear energy transfer radioisotopes, such as (211)At, with greater relative biological effectiveness. The hypothesis to be tested in this proposal is that continuous microinfusion will widely deliver operationally tumorspecific MAbs conjugated to (131)I or the alpha-emitter (211)At such that they will be specific and potent therapeutic agents against malignant brain tumors with major reductions in toxicity to normal brain over conventional whole brain radiotherapies. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: MHC CLASS II RESTRICTED EBV PEPTIDES AND CD4 T CELLS IN CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY Principal Investigator & Institution: Wang, Rongfu; Associate Professor; Baylor College of Medicine 1 Baylor Plaza Houston, Tx 77030 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 01-SEP-2002; Project End 31-AUG-2007 Summary: (provided by applicant): Weak cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against the EBV antigens EBNA1, LMP1 and LMP2 have been observed in Hodgkin disease, Burkitt lymphoma and nasopharyngeal cancer, but have been insufficient to eradicate tumor cells. Thus, a broadly effective anti-EBV-tumor immunotherapy, based

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on MHC class I-restricted peptides, is lacking. The central hypothesis to be tested in Project 2 is that immunogenic MHC class Il-restricted peptides from EBNA1, LMP1 and LMP2 (especially) are present in EBV-positive tumor cells and can be used to improve the priming and activation of CD8+ T cells, leading to more potent antitumor immunity. This prediction will be tested by direct stimulation of human PBMCs with computerpredicted peptides or, alternatively, in HLA-DR or DP transgenic mice deficient in MHC class II molecules (Aim 1), followed by efforts to improve the immunogenicity of the most promising peptides (Aim 2) and then by clinical evaluation in Hodgkin disease and neuroblastoma patients (Aim 3), in collaboration with the leaders of Projects 1 and 3.This combination of strategies is designed to detect the majority of immunogenic MHC class II-restricted peptides (or their variants) with enhanced potency for eliciting T cell responses. With these characterized epitopes in hand, it will be possible to consider novel ways to enhance immune responses against EBV-associated tumors and perhaps against other malignant diseases as well. Frequent interactions with other investigators in the program will be essential to a successful conclusion of this project, and will be particularly evident during years 4 and 5, during clinical evaluation of promising peptide vaccines. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: MOLECULAR BIOMARKERS AS PREDICTORS OF HODGKIN'S DISEASE Principal Investigator & Institution: El-Zein, Randa; Epidemiology; University of Texas Md Anderson Can Ctr Cancer Center Houston, Tx 77030 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 01-AUG-2003; Project End 31-JUL-2008 Summary: (provided by applicant): A major concern for Hodgkin's Disease (HD) survivors is the development of recurrence or second primary tumors. Although factors responsible for the unfavorable outcomes and poor survival of HD patients remain incompletely understood, the population at highest risk seems to be genetically predisposed. In this proposal we propose to evaluate a panel of susceptibility biomarkers as predictors of disease outcome in an existing cohort of 254 HD patients for whom demographic, epidemiological, clinical data and pretreatment blood samples are available. We will test the hypothesis that unfavorable outcomes occur more frequently in patients with poor DNA repair capacity (measures by increase chromosome instability) and with adverse genotypes (polymorphisms in DNA repair and cell cycle control) as compared with patients with favorable outcome. Specifically we propose: 1) To collect follow-up information on health and vital status data to ascertain endpoints (recurrence or second primary tumors) for all the HD patients in the cohort; 2) To phenotypically characterize the role of background chromosomal instability (measured by chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges) in disease recurrence or development of SPTs. We hypothesize that patients with poor outcomes exhibit higher levels of baseline chromosomal damage than patients with favorable outcome. 3) To elucidate the role that specific polymorphisms in DNA repair capacity genes (XRCC1, XPD and XRCC3) and cell cycle control (p53 gene) play in the modulation of HD outcome. We hypothesize that individuals with DNA repair allelic variants have altered DNA repair capacity and increased risk of developing recurrence or SPT. Similarly, the allelic variants of p53 gene are associated with variant proteins that may alter cell cycle control encouraging progression either by inducing genomic instability and DNA misrepair or by permitting survival of mutants which will in turn have a negative impact on outcome; and 4) To analyze epidemiological and biomarker data independently and jointly as predictors of recurrence and development of SPTs.

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Identification of subgroups of HD patients who are at increased risk for recurrence or second primary tumor development has both clinical and prognostic relevance. The high risk population can be targeted for intensive preventive and early detection strategies. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: MOUSE MODELS FOR HUMAN CANCER Principal Investigator & Institution: Dove, William F.; Professor of Oncology and Medical Geneti; Oncology; University of Wisconsin Madison 750 University Ave Madison, Wi 53706 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 30-SEP-1999; Project End 31-MAR-2004 Summary: A group of experienced investigators in cancer genetics and human cancer virology at the University of Wisconsin have organized a set of projects that would synergize with the MMHCC. These projects include de novo derivations of mouse models for ductal pancreatic carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, uveal melanoma, and Hodgkin's Disease. Further, these investigators propose the further development of extant mouse models for intestinal neoplasia and retinoblastoma leading to validation against the corresponding human disease. More globally, it is proposed to broaden the range of mouse models displaying genetic instability, including deficiencies in doublestrand break repair and G-T mismatch repair. These deficiencies will be studied within the set of tissue-specific mouse models for cancer, seeking acceleration of the pathogenetic process within the one-year lifespan of the mouse. Finally, two initiatives of technology development are proposed. One seeks high-resolution MRI imaging at 9.4 Tesla in order to follow directly the regression of mouse tumors whose sizes are often in the mm range. The second seeks a way to develop fluorigenic markers by which to characterize the distinct cell types of the normal intestinal epithelium, document the source of tumors under different genetic and environmental conditions, and crossreference between mouse and human tumors. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: MUTATIONS W/ SECONDARY LEUKEMIA FOR HODGKINS OR CHILDHOOD BRAIN TUMOR Principal Investigator & Institution: Halperin, Edward C.; Duke University Durham, Nc 27706 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: In this protocol, we seek to determine the frequency of chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes specifically associated with iatrogenic acute myelogenous leukemia using chromosome painting techniques following radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy used in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease and childhood brain tumors. We are also using blood samples from these patients to study toxicological response to carcinogen, exposure and gene rearrangements associated with deregulation of a growth promoting oncogene. Through these techniques, we hope to develop predictive assays for treatment-induced second malignant neoplasms which may lead to an improved understanding of this complication of cancer treatment and, perhaps, preventive and therapeutic strategies. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: NEOMYCIN RESISTANT GENE CTLS IN PTS WITH EBV+ HODGKIN'S Principal Investigator & Institution: Heslop, Helen E.; Professor; Baylor College of Medicine 1 Baylor Plaza Houston, Tx 77030 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: The primary objective of the study is to determine the safety of 2 IV injections of autogously derived EBV specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes that have been marked with the Neomycin resistnace gene introduce by a retroviral vector. The two injections will be given at day 0 and day 14 and the three dose levels of interest are discussed in Section 6.1 of the protocol. Buring the coused of the study, the survival, immunological efficacy and anti-tumor activity of neomycin resistance gene marked EBV specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte lines will also be studied. This is a classical phase I study to obtain the optimal dose level in a dose escalation trial. The results of this study will not be definitive but only suggestive and a Phase II trial will be undertaken to study the efficacy of the treatment after determining the safe dose level. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: NEUROLOGICAL PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES Principal Investigator & Institution: Posner, Jerome B.; Professor of Neurology; SloanKettering Institute for Cancer Res New York, Ny 10021 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-APR-1990; Project End 30-JUN-2005 Summary: (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract): Paraneoplastic syndromes are believed to be immune-mediated disorders caused by the ectopic expression of a neuronal antigen in a non-neuronal cancer e.g. Lung or ovarian cancer. The immune system identifies the ectopically expressed neuronal antigen as "foreign" and mounts an immune attack that affects both the cancer and the nervous system. Although rare, paraneoplastic syndromes are important neuroimmunologically, in that unlike multiple sclerosis, the causal antigens are known. The goal of this application is to understand the pathogenesis of paraneoplastic syndromes because such understanding may lead to more effective therapy of the neurologic disorder and the cancer that causes them. Understanding paraneoplastic syndromes may also help us better understand the pathogenesis of other neurologic autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis. To achieve these goals, both clinical and laboratory investigations are planned. The investigators will continue to probe serum (and when available cerebrospinal fluid and tumor tissue) of patients suspected of suffering from paraneoplastic syndromes. To search for novel autoantibodies, they will continue to probe their serum bank, which contains over 3500 specimens of patients with cancer and/or putative paraneoplastic syndromes. The goal is to find new autoantibodies, discover if they are associated with a particular neurologic picture and with a particular underlying cancer. They will attempt to characterize the antigen(s) recognized by these antibodies by cloning their genes from central nervous system libraries. To compliment the antibody studies, patients suffering from paraneoplastic syndromes will be assayed for cytotoxic T-cells whose receptors recognize the paraneoplastic antigens. They will continue to search tumor and when available neural tissue to characterize the T-cell response in paraneoplastic disorders. In the clinic, they want to expand prospective analysis of patients with small cell lung cancer and add patients with Hodgkin's disease, testicular and ovarian cancer to discover how many harbor paraneoplastic autoantibodies and how that affects their neurologic status as well as the clinical course of their cancer. In addition to routine

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evaluation, antibody studies and haplotyping will be performed and the patients will be followed serially during treatment. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: NEW ENGLAND PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY CONSORTIUM Principal Investigator & Institution: Ferguson, William S.; Rhode Island Hospital (Providence, Ri) Providence, Ri 02903 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 01-JAN-1981; Project End 31-DEC-2002 Summary: The specific aims of the New England Pediatric Oncology Consortium (NEPOC) are: Development and enhanced productivity of a consortium of regional pediatric cancer centers (Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital; Dartmouth University/Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center; Harvard University/Massachusetts General Hospital; SUNY at Stony Brook/Children's Medical Center at Stony Brook; University of Vermont/Medical Center Hospital-Vermont Regional Cancer Center) for the purposes of: A. Contributing to the understanding and treatment of children and adolescents with malignancies through: 1. Input into national cooperative studies through membership in the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG): a. Patient accrual: Achieve significant number and quality of patient entries on protocols; b. Study development and evaluation: Assist in the development of new protocols through committee memberships, institutional reviews of proposed protocol designs, analysis of study results, and proposal of new protocols for POG implementation based on NEPOC studies; c. Administration: Accept responsibilities for POG administrative functions. 2. Cooperative efforts within NEPOC (New England Pediatric Oncology Consortium) in studies of joint interest in the areas of childhood malignancies, particularly toward developing potential pilot studies for POG. B. Enhancement of the care of children and adolescents with cancer in the geographical areas served by the member institutions through: 1. Assuring comprehensive and modern management of children and adolescents with malignancies as a benefit of membership in POG; 2. Sharing staff expertise and investigative facilities at each of the member institutions; 3. Joint efforts in promotion of education of the local community in the area of cancer in children and adolescents. Through a centralized administration, this Consortium integrates the activities and resources (staff, facilities, patients) at each institution into a single program aimed at achieving these goals. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: NYUMC-AIDS-RELATED MALIGNANCY CONSORTIUM Principal Investigator & Institution: Takeshita, Kenichi; Dermatology; New York University School of Medicine 550 1St Ave New York, Ny 10016 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 30-SEP-1995; Project End 31-JUL-2002 Summary: This proposal is for New York University Medical Center (NYUMC) to continue to participate as a member of the NCI-sponsored AIDS- associated Malignancies Clinical Trials Consortium (AMC). The specific aims of this proposal are: 1) To help design, develop and participate in multicenter Phase I and II clinical trials using novel agents and/or innovative approaches for the treatment of patients with AIDS-associated malignancies; 2) To provide well characterized tissue specimens to the recently established AIDS Malignancies Bank (AMB) including: cryopreserved tumor tissue, sera, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), bone marrow, and other body fluids from individuals with AIDS-related Neoplasms such as Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDSKS), non- Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin's Disease (HD), multicentric angio-

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lymphoproliferative hyperplasia (Castleman's Disease), anogenital or cervical dysplasia and carcinomas. These permanently stored specimens would be made available to other members of the AMC and other investigators in the research community at large for future clinical, epidemiologic, virologic and molecular biological research. NYUMC is an NCI-designed Cancer Center. NIAID supported AIDS- Treatment Evaluation Unit (ATEU), and an NIH sponsored Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) to which patients from the greater New York area are referred. NYUMC has served as a major referral center for HIV-infected individuals from the greater New York area. We continue to see a substantial number of patients with AIDS- related malignancies. Investigators at our institution have an established track record for patient accrual and the performance of clinical treatment trials in a well supported setting. Because of the decrease in patients with AIDS-related malignancies seen in the USA, attributed in part to the use of combination, highly active, antiretroviral therapy (HAART), we have recently enlisted the referral of appropriate patients from investigators at Beth Israel and Northshore Hospitals to participate in the AMC trials performed at the NYUMC. A newly formed health management organization (HMO) which will care for more than 10,000 HIV/AIDS clients on Medicaid in NYC has also agreed to refer suitable patients to our AMC clinical trials. Scientists and physicians at NYUMC are dedicated to basic and clinical research on the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of HIV-disease, especially AIDS-KS, AIDS-NHL and anogenital neoplasia during the past 17 years including participation in the AMC trials since its inception in 1995. These studies have contributed to the development of potentially innovative approaches for the treatment of these neoplastic disorders, which tend to be more aggressive and difficult to manage in AIDS patients. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: OVERCOMING TUMOR IMMUNE EVASION STRATEGIES IN HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA Principal Investigator & Institution: Rooney, Cliona M.; Associate Professor; Baylor College of Medicine 1 Baylor Plaza Houston, Tx 77030 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 01-SEP-2002; Project End 31-AUG-2007 Summary: (provided by applicant): The malignant B-lineage Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells in about half of all cases of Hodgkin lymphoma express Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigens, rendering this tumor highly attractive for cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) immunotherapy. However, these tumor-associated viral antigens are either subdominant (LMP1 and LMP2) or not presented to the immune system (EBNAI and BARFO). The H-RS cells also express molecules that are inhibitory to CTL, such as TGFbeta, the chemoattractant TARC and Fas-ligand that can comprise immunotherapy even when immune epitopes are effectively presented to CTLs. The studies proposed here seek to overcome these immune evasion tactics by redirecting immune responses to the LMP2 viral antigen, using LMP2a-transduced dendritic cells, and by genetically modifying CTLs in vitro so that they will resist the inhibitory effects of TGF-beta and Fas ligand. The latter aim will rely on a transgenic dominant-negative TGF-beta type 2 receptor expressed on CTLs and the adenoviral RID protein, which should render CTLs resistant to inhibition by TGF-beta and killing through Fas ligand-receptor interactions. Our preliminary studies suggest that there may be few T helper epitopes in LMP2. Since persistence in vivo is dependent on the availability of help, we will also explore the possibility that EBNA1, expressed as a retrogen in dendritic cells (using technology developed in project 4) will reactivate EBNA1-specific CD4+ T cells that can provide cognate help for LMP2-specific CTL as well as broaden the cytotoxic repertoire of the

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tumor specific CTL by reactivating CD4+ EBNA1-specific CTL. The hypotheses underlying these aims will be tested both in vitro and in vivo (Phase l/ll trials in patients with post-transplant or relapsed EBV-positive Hodgkin Lymphoma). Upon successful completion of the project, we will have learned whether our experimental modifications are safe in patients and whether they will render CTLs resistant to several of the immune evasion strategies commonly used by tumor cells. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY GROUP Principal Investigator & Institution: Grier, Holcombe E.; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 44 Binney St Boston, Ma 02115 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 30-SEP-1986; Project End 31-DEC-2002 Summary: The principal activity of this grant is to improve the care and treatment of children with cancer by participating in the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG). The three specific goals of the participation of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Children's Hospital (DFCI/CH) and Maine Children's Cancer Program (MCCP) are to 1) enter and follow children with malignancies on appropriate Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) protocols 2) provide leadership in planning and executing POG protocols and 3) provide pilot clinical studies and scientific leadership to POG. 1) Patient entry: the referral patterns at the two institutions has not changed and the commitment to POG protocols remains high. Therefore, patients accrual will continue at the high level previously noted over the last grant period. 2) Leadership within POG: Drs. Weinstein and Grier respectively are the disease chairs for the Myeloid and Sarcoma Committees. The disease committee chairs have primary responsibility for all scientific and clinical activities within POG. Investigators from these institutions are currently or were in the last cycle chairs for 7 separate POG protocols and co chairs of 35 more. They also have 18 positions on disease or discipline committees within POG. Enthusiasm remains strong, and involvement at the current level will continue. 3) Pilot POG protocols and scientific leadership: Scientific leadership is detailed in part above. Dr. Arceci provided scientific leadership for and analyzed the samples of the MEC protocol (#9222) that piloted the use of multidrug resistance reversal agents (cyclosporine) in relapsed AML. This protocol provided the background for the about to open group wide AML up-front protocol (#9394) that will randomize whether or not patients will receive cyclosporine during maintenance therapy. DFCI ALL protocols have provided the background for one of the arms of the proposed new T- cell protocol (#9404). In addition, the background for the current stereotactic protocol (#9373) was in part developed at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy and the DFCI. Finally, POG has embarked on a major effort to study the autologous transplant protocols for ALL (#9421) developed at the DFCl. Finally Dr. Lipshultz ran at DFCI/CH the pilot studies of late cardiac toxicity from anthracyclines that provides the background data for the randomized trial of enalapril for patients with elevated after load. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY GROUP Principal Investigator & Institution: Luchtman-Jones, Lori; Pediatrics; Washington University Lindell and Skinker Blvd St. Louis, Mo 63130 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-JAN-1978; Project End 31-DEC-2002 Summary: The Washington University Medical Center in St. Louis is one of the 39 full member institutions, 48 affiliate, 12 consortia and 9 CCOP institutions of the Pediatric

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Oncology Group who has pooled their patient resources and scientific expertise to study the natural history of childhood cancer, develop and compare effective therapeutic regimens and investigate the toxicity and effectiveness of new anticancer agents in the treatment of children with cancer. Additionally tumor specimens and occasionally normal tissue and blood samples are collected to determine more about the basic cancer biology and pathology of the disease. Group studies are ongoing in epidemiology, cancer control, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. The investigators at the Washington University Medical Center include pediatric oncologists, radiologists, radiation oncologists, cytogenetists, neurologists, surgeons, and pathologists. All children with malignant disease are placed on cooperative group protocols if they are eligible and if informed consent is obtained. Data accessioned at the time the patient is placed on study protocol, during the study, and when off therapy is submitted to the Group Statistical Office for data analysis, interpretation and eventual publication. The investigators at Washington University Medical Center serve in multiple administrative and research capacities for the Group. The diagnostic studies, pathological findings, surgical procedure and therapeutic plan for all new patients and patients who relapse are discussed at the weekly Tumor Board Conference. The Principal Investigator has a phase I contract and works with 16 other POG institutions to establish the maximum tolerated dose of a new agent along with the pharmacology and, if indicated, the biologic response of the agent. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY GROUP Principal Investigator & Institution: Ravindranath, Yaddanapudi; Pediatrics; Wayne State University 656 W. Kirby Detroit, Mi 48202 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-JUN-1981; Project End 31-DEC-2002 Summary: This proposal is a request for funding for our continued involvement in the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG). The aims and objectives are to find better means of management for malignant diseases in children and adolescents, and thus increase disease-free survival rates. The Children's Hospital of Michigan (CHM) provides diagnostic evaluation and multimodal therapy for children throughout the State of Michigan. While there is one other Pediatric Oncology facility in the State, the Hematology/Oncology service sees almost all children and adolescents with malignant disease who live in the greater metropolitan Detroit area, and also sees large numbers of such children referred from other parts of the State (and from Canada) regardless of their ability to pay. Until 1979, the oncology service at CHM remained "independent". In September 1979, the CHM oncology team joined the pediatric division of the Southwest Oncology Group and in January 1981 joined the Pediatric Oncology Group, which appears to have even a greater potential for development of better treatment regimens for childhood malignant disease. At the time of referral and/or admission to CHM for possible malignancy, each child is seen and evaluated by the appropriate oncology team members. Following appropriate diagnostic evaluation, each child is presented and discussed at the Tumor Board, which meets weekly and is attended by pediatric oncologists, pathologists, radiologists, surgeons, surgical subspecialities, and radiotherapists. A plan of action is outlined for each child's management. All such children are registered with POG, and whenever judged appropriate, children are entered on POG treatment protocols. By our participation in such a cooperative children's cancer group, our investigators are able to share new information and ideas and gain access to new multimodal therapy regimens and investigational drugs which hopefully provide the best available care to these children. Our objectives in the coming

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years are: 1) increased participation in POG cancer biology and epidemiology studies; 2) to continue our leukemia biology studies particularly pharmacology studies in AML/T ALL, and 3) to develop new strategies for treatment of brain tumors. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY GROUP Principal Investigator & Institution: Kung, Faith H.; Associate Professor; Pediatrics; University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr, Dept. 0934 La Jolla, Ca 92093 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-JUL-1980; Project End 31-DEC-2002 Summary: This proposal represents a request to support continued participation in the pediatric Oncology Group (POG). This cooperative research is devoted to the investigation of chemotherapeutic, immunological and molecular biological approaches to the treatment of acute leukemia and other neoplastic diseases of childhood. Significant disease free survival has been achieved and contributions have been made in clinical pharmacology, tumor immunology and biology of cancer. However the real objective of these studies is the eradication of neoplastic diseases by treatment. Studies are being designed to reflect an increasing intensity of attack on the neoplastic cell. The cooperative group technique permits prompt evaluation in series of reasonable size of promising leads in chemotherapy. These leads or new approaches are often suggested by the results of the group's own work in clinical oncology. Thus, a completed protocol often suggests new avenues to be explored in new protocols. POG led in the investigation in the immunophenotyping of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, NTX polyglutamates accumulation in leukemic cells, and N-myc gene amplication in neuroblastoma, correlated the findings with patient outcome, and then incorporated them in new treatment protocols designed to improve the survival of children with cancer. The Division of pediatric Hematology/Oncology at the University of California, San Diego has 24 years experience (10 years in CALGB and 14 in POG) in cooperative clinical trials. In the past 5 years the 4 consortium member institutions had entered 332 patients on both therapeutic and non- therapeutic studies and the satellites, 211 patients. Our investigators served on 12 committees, designed/coordinated 16 group protocol studies. We also contributed to 15 group publications/presentations. Our investigators will continue to design and chair therapeutic protocols,and serve on committees. Dr. Yu's laboratory will continue to explore new immunotherapeutic agents for Group use, and serve as the Group Reference Laboratory. We plan to continue our active participation in all phases of POG activities. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY GROUP Principal Investigator & Institution: Steuber, C P.; Pediatrics; Baylor College of Medicine 1 Baylor Plaza Houston, Tx 77030 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-JAN-1978; Project End 31-DEC-2002 Summary: The concept of the pediatric cooperative cancer group was introduced over 30 years ago because of the rarity of pediatric malignant diseases and the vital importance of controlled trials to improve the outcome for such patients. For such a group to succeed, the collaborative contributions of individuals from a large variety of specialties and fields of research are absolutely essential. This multimodal organized approach to the treatment of childhood cancer through the cooperative group has welldemonstrated its value. The Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology at Baylor College of Medicine has been involved in the genesis of this kind of clinical research and

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has participated in the activities at even level. The current goals of the Section regarding cancer prevention, treatment, and research have lead to the recent development of the Texas Children's Cancer Center. The Center is a joint effort of Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine and is committed to providing the finest possible patient care, education and research in the areas of pediatric and adolescent cancer and hematological disorders. Major expansion of the clinic and research lab facility is underway. New faculty are being recruited to expand the current research program in the areas of gene therapy, bone marrow transplantation, molecular biology, clinical pharmacology, and experimental therapeutics. Additional personnel including data managers, pediatric nurse practitioners, and research personnel have been recruited to support the new faculty members and the expanded programs. In addition, outreach efforts are making the Center known to communities in Texas that would benefit from a service dedicated to the treatment of children with cancer. The development of the Texas Children's Cancer Center will enhance Baylor's contributions to the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) by expanding the research and treatment programs that have so successfully contributed to POG throughout the years, by developing new and innovative treatment and research programs, and by increasing study populations for those programs. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY GROUP Principal Investigator & Institution: Breitfeld, Philip P.; Pediatrics; Duke University Durham, Nc 27706 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 01-JAN-1983; Project End 31-DEC-2002 Summary: The goal of the proposed research is to determine optimum care for children with all types of cancer. The research mechanism involves participation by pediatric investigators in a consortium of medical institutions in North Carolina and West Virginia in collaborative multidisciplinary clinical cancer research protocols generated through the Pediatric Oncology Group. The proposed research grant will allow for the continued participation of Duke University Medical Center, Charlotte Memorial Hospital, East Carolina University School of Medicine and West Virginia University School of Medicine in Pediatric Oncology Group activities. These activities involve studies of the epidemiology and tumor biology of selected neoplasms and the natural history and optimum multimodal therapy of all childhood malignancies. Cooperative studies among physicians from a group of medical centers allow for rapid accrual of a statistically significant number of children with cancer in order to define quickly both those avenues of biologic research which have immediate clinical relevance and those therapeutic approaches which provide prolonged disease-free survival. Through participation in cooperative studies, the entire medical community engaged in the care of children with cancer has a focal point to provide not only improved patient care but also improved multidisciplinary teaching and research. Our objectives for the coming years are: 1) to develop new protocols for the immunologic stratification and chemotherapeutic management of patients with malignant lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative disorders; 2) to develop protocols for specific brain tumor therapy which take advantage of our expanding knowledge of the biology and pharmacologic sensitivity of human brain tumors in vitro and in vivo; 3) to expand our studies of the pharmacologic agents which influence intermediary metabolism, using our in vitro data as the basis for drug scheduling in clinical trials; 4) to expand our innovative groupwide epidemiology studies to include studies of neuroblastoma and T-cell malignancies which include laboratory investigation (immunologic, biochemical and cytogenetic)

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where relevant; 5) to expand our multidisciplinary therapeutic research efforts in other pediatric malignancies; and 6) to expand our outreach programs for patient care and education through our regional consortium. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY GROUP Principal Investigator & Institution: Cohn, Susan L.; Associate Professor of Pediatrics; Children's Memorial Hospital (Chicago) Chicago, Il 606143394 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-DEC-1978; Project End 31-DEC-2002 Summary: The objectives of this project are to enroll children with cancer in clinical trials, to develop clinical trials and study the biologic behaviors of childhood cancer, and to improve and evaluate the disease- free survival of patients enrolled in these clinical trials. In order to achieve these goals, the member institutions of the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) meet biannually to discuss, develop, and implement clinical trials for the most common childhood malignancies and to supply the reference research laboratories of the proper material or tissue necessary for the research. Since 1989, CMH has been one of the member institutions of POG who is actually involved in the accrual of children with cancer to clinical trials. CMH's faculty is also involved in the coordination of studies either as the Principal Investigator or co-Investigator. These protocols are POG 9443, POG 9240/41/42, POG 9135/6, POG 9410, NTWS #5. Participation in administrative activities within POG include the POG Chairperson, the POG Executive Officer, the Head of the Neuroblastoma Biology Committee, the Head of the Neuroblastoma Bone Marrow Transplant Working Group, along with members of the following committees: Non- Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Neuroblastoma, Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hodgkin's Disease, New ALL, Wilms' Tumor, Nursing, and Surgery, Radiotherapy, and Pathology Disciplines. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY GROUP Principal Investigator & Institution: Link, Michael P.; Professor; Pediatrics; Stanford University Stanford, Ca 94305 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-JAN-1983; Project End 31-DEC-2002 Summary: The overall goal of this research proposal is for Stanford University, the University of Arizona, and the Kaiser Permanente Medical Centers of the South San Francisco Bay Area to continue their active involvement in Pediatric Oncology Group research activities. Stanford faculty and the University of Arizona faculty have already assumed key leadership positions in POG and have or have had major roles in the scientific and administrative aspects of the Group. Further, Stanford, the University of Arizona, and Kaiser have maintained excellent performance ratings in their participation in POG studies and have received commendations for the large numbers of evaluable patients placed on therapeutic protocols. Specifically: l) We plan to continue to enter patients on appropriate POG studies where they exist. The number of patient entries from Stanford has increased each year as appropriate POG studies become available. We anticipate that between 65 and 80 patients will be entered on front-line therapeutic studies each year from Stanford in addition to patients who will be entered from the affiliates; in addition, 40-50 patients or more will be entered on POG non-therapeutic studies. 2) We anticipate that the activities of individual investigators from Stanford and the University of Arizona will continue and increase during the period of this research proposal. Currently, our faculty serve as study coordinators for

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front- line therapeutic studies in lymphoma and leukemia, and they have coordinated and analyzed data from recently closed protocols in osteosarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia, and Ewing's sarcoma. Our faculty also serve key scientific and administrative roles as Group Vice Chair, Disease and Discipline Committee Chairmen and CoChairmen, as members of Disease and Discipline Core Committees, and as members of the Executive Committee. Thus, our faculty are in position to influence the future direction of the scientific activities of POG. 3) We anticipate that involvement of Stanford faculty in the laboratory scientific activities of POG will continue. The laboratories of Drs. Link and Cleary have served as immunology reference laboratories and molecular biologic reference laboratories for leukemia studies of POG. 4) We anticipate that non-POG related laboratory and clinical research conducted at Stanford University and its affiliates will become increasingly relevant to POG activities. Some of these activities have already been incorporated into POG laboratory and therapeutic studies and others are targeted for incorporation into future POG studies. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY GROUP Principal Investigator & Institution: Lauer, Stephen J.; Professor of Pediatrics; Pediatrics; Emory University 1784 North Decatur Road Atlanta, Ga 30322 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-JAN-1978; Project End 31-DEC-2002 Summary: The Pediatric Oncology Program at Emory University is the only comprehensive children's cancer center in Georgia and one of the largest of its kind in the Southeast. It serves a racially, ethnically, and socioeconomically diverse population from metropolitan Atlanta, the State of Georgia, and other states including Alabama, Arkansas, the Carolinas, Florida, and Mississippi. Since the inception of the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG), Emory is consistently one of the largest single-institution contributors to POG clinical and laboratory studies. Emory is a center for Phase I and pilot POG trials and has initiated numerous protocols that have subsequently been implemented by POG. The specific aims of the Emory POG Program are: l) to continue as a major source of patients for POG-sponsored Phase I, pilot, groupwide, and intergroup studies; 2) to provide leadership by its investigators as POG Study Coordinators, Co- coordinators, and Core Committee members; 3) to develop innovative institutional clinical trials on which to base future POG investigations; and 4) to maintain strong basic and translational research programs in pediatric oncology. To address these aims, Emory investigators are Coordinators for several major POG studies, including standard-risk new ALL (#9405), high-risk new ALL (#9006), salvage chemotherapy in relapsed neuroblastoma (#9140), and chemotherapy vs. autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in AML (#8821). Emory POG members actively participate in POG Core Committees, Subcommittees, and new protocol development. Institutional pilot studies include therapy of relapsed AML with idarubicin and chlordeoxyadenosine, treatment of relapsed solid tumors with high-dose busulfan/melphalan and ABMT, transplantation of haploidentical CD34+ cells for relapsed ALL or AML, and vincristine plus dose-escalated cyclophosphamide and infusions of peripheral blood-derived progenitor cells in refractory solid tumors. Complementary laboratory research activities include molecular biology of ALL (mechanisms of IL-6- mediated autocrine growth and aberrations in tumor-suppressor genes); in vitro sensitivity of leukemia cells to antineoplastic agents mid biological response modifiers; mechanisms of resistance of AML cells to alkylating agents; molecular neuro-oncology; and xenogeneic models to evaluate normal and neoplastic human hematopoiesis. Investigators at Emory are participating in the POG laboratory

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study of methotrexate metabolism by ALL cells (ALinC #16) and coordinate the study of alterations in p53 tumor-suppressor gene pathways in relapsed ALL (SIMAL #l0). Taken together, these activities of the Emory POG Program will continue to contribute to our knowledge of the biology, therapy, and prevention of neoplastic diseases in infancy, childhood and adolescence. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY GROUP Principal Investigator & Institution: Meyer, William H.; Pediatrics; University of Oklahoma Hlth Sciences Ctr Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City, Ok 73126 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-JAN-1978; Project End 31-DEC-2002 Summary: Children's Hospital of Oklahoma (CHO) at the University of Oklahoma is a member institution of the Pediatric Oncology Group. One of our primary goals is the enrollment of the majority of pediatric patients with cancer in the state of Oklahoma in a cooperative cancer program (POG). Participation in group studies guarantees optimal care for these patients and the opportunity to study in depth the natural history of childhood cancer, develop effective therapeutic regimens, and evaluate the toxicity. and effectiveness of new anti-cancer agents in the treatment of childhood cancer. In addition to the POG studies, institutional non- therapeutic protocols have been developed, i.e., evaluation of leukemic therapy on the central nervous system of newly diagnosed leukemic patients and longitudinal evaluation of coping mechanisms with stress among patients and parents of children with cancer. For all these programs, patient resources and scientific expertise are available in Children's Hospital of Oklahoma. The team at the University of Oklahoma is multidisciplinary. It consists of pediatric hematologistsoncologists, radiation therapists, radiologists, pediatric surgeons, immunologists, pathologists and psychologists. All protocols are reviewed by the Institutional Review Board and informed consent is obtained on all patients entered into these protocols. Protocol compliance remains a high priority. The evaluability rate for the last four years averaged 92.5%. St. Francis Hospital of Tulsa was previously considered a branch of CHO. At the request of the POG Operations Office, Tulsa has applied to become an affiliate institution. The University of New Mexico is also affiliated with the University of Oklahoma. It serves an economically disadvantaged population (native American Indians) which needs to be included in the population studied by cooperative cancer groups. The Pathology Department at the University of New Mexico has special expertise in molecular diagnostic hematopathology and in solid tumors which can benefit the research efforts of the Pediatric Oncology Group. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY GROUP Principal Investigator & Institution: Castleberry, Robert P.; Professor of Pediatrics; Pediatrics; University of Alabama at Birmingham Uab Station Birmingham, Al 35294 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-MAR-1979; Project End 31-DEC-2002 Summary: The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) is a leading contributor to the ongoing clinical and basic research activities of the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) which are focused upon improving the care and cure for children with cancer. Current results of these trials are in some cases already published and are available in the Progress Report. The leadership from UAB in POG is evident in several areas: l) through enrollment of substantial numbers of assessable patients on Phase I, II and III therapeutic trials, including multidiscipline (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy)

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management studies; through participation in and development of Group-wide biological studies of selected hematopoietic and solid malignancies; through evolving, coordinating and reporting data from POG therapeutic trials; and by providing discipline and disease committee, and administrative leadership within the group. UAB will continue to enroll all eligible patients on active POG therapeutic and biological studies, including phase I investigations, and maintain high evaluability. UAB investigators will continue to coordinate clinical trials for children with neuroblastoma, bone tumors, and juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia (JCML) and to assess the therapeutic utility of IL6. Further, UAB investigators will be principal to the development of new studies in neuroblastoma, brain tumors, JCML and acute myelogenous leukemia. UAB will continue to supervise laboratories for POG in the following areas: 1) Banded chromosomal analysis in newly diagnosed patients with lymphoid leukemia; 2) A required reference laboratory for children with JCML (POG #9265) studying the pathogenesis of myeloproliferation; 3) A required serum/plasma repository (POG #9047) with clinical and demographic data referenced on a computer data base; and 4) A non- mandatory reference laboratory to evaluate the biological and clinical significance of rnicrotubular associated protein (MAP) and tubulin isotype expression in neuroblastoma. UAB investigators will continue their scientific and administrative leadership roles on the Neuroblastoma and Other Embryonal Tumors, Myeloid Disease Core, Biologic Response Modifier Core, Executive, Principal Investigator Core, Clinical Research Associate Core, and Diagnostic Imaging Core Committees. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY GROUP Principal Investigator & Institution: Kavan, Petr; Montreal Children's Hospital 2300 Tupper St Montreal, Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 01-JAN-1983; Project End 31-DEC-2002 Summary: The Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) is a multi-disciplinary, multiinstitutional research community which collaborates to increase knowledge of and improve treatment for cancer and leukemia in children and adolescents. The Montreal Children's Hospital/McGill University (MCH), a founding member, requests funding for itself and its two affiliates, the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) and the University of Sherbrooke Medical Center (USMC) to continue to participate fully in administrative and scientific activities of the POG during the next 5 years. We expect to enroll a total of 70 patients a year on therapeutic protocols for childhood leukemias, lymphomas, solid tumors and brain tumors, with continued emphasis on Phase I and II studies of new agents and coordination or co-coordination of a minimum of 13 protocols. We expect to enroll 110 patients per year on non-therapeutic studies of cancer etiology, epidemiology, biology, psychologic impact and late effects of therapy with particular emphasis on the pharmacology and molecular pharmacology of methotrexate in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We will comply with all requirements of the POG constitution, with MR regulations governing ethical conduct of clinical research and with OPRR and IRB requirements for informed consent and protection of subjects from research risks. In addition to an anticipated doubling of patient accruals since 5 years ago, our major contributions to POG research will include: confirmation that the extent of accumulation of methotrexate polyglutamates by lymphoblasts in B-progenitor cell ALL correlates with event-free survival (EFS) and characterization of the mechanisms regulating this metabolism (Whitehead); promotion of new agent drug development through New Agents and Pharmacology Committee leadership

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(Whitehead and Bernstein) and protocol coordination (Bernstein, Baruchel); introduction of stereotactic and fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy in brain tumors (Freeman); coordination of treatment protocols of newly-diagnosed and relapsed B-progenitor cell ALL (Abish, Bernstein); introduction of new agents and combinations in recurrent lymphoid disease as Sub-committee Chair, Lymphoid Relapse (Bernstein); chemotherapy and surgery of brain tumors (Baruchel, Ventureyra); and study of the biology, including p53 gene mutations, and treatment of HIV-related lymphomas (Baruchel, Whitehead). Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY GROUP ACTIVITIES Principal Investigator & Institution: Buchanan, George R.; Pediatrics; University of Texas Sw Med Ctr/Dallas Dallas, Tx 753909105 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-JAN-1983; Project End 31-DEC-2002 Summary: This grant application seeks continued support for the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) activities of The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UT Southwestern) Consortium, which consists of UT Southwestern (Dallas), Cook-Ft. Worth Children's Medical Center (Ft. Worth), and Scott & White Clinic (Temple). Since joining POG in 1981, this partnership of children's cancer treatment and research centers in North Texas has grown to become POG's largest contributing member with regard to patients enrolled on therapeutic studies (over 100 annually). During the current grant cycle, consortium investigators have held administrative and scientific leadership positions on major Group committees, including Executive Committee, Principal Investigator's Committee, New ALL Committee, T-cell Committee, and Lymphoid Relapse Committee. UT Southwestern Consortium investigators have also served or are serving as study coordinators on multiple POG treatment protocols studying ALL (newly diagnosed patients with B-lineage and T-cell disease as well as following relapse), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, bone marrow transplantation and new agents being explored in Phase I-II trials. UT Southwestern Consortium investigators have also had prominent roles in the arenas of data management, protocol development, molecular and pharmacologic monitoring in authorized POG reference laboratories, and supportive care. Results of pilot projects conducted at UT Southwestern have been instrumental in the construct of group-wide treatment strategies, especially involving use of methotrexate for B-lineage ALL. To support the UT Southwestern Consortium's continued commitment to POG research during the next 5 years, this new grant proposal describes personnel and facilities in the 3 consortium centers. Specifically, during 1996-2000 the Consortium aims to advance POG research by: (l) enrolling as many patients as possible on POG treatment, biological classification, and epidemiology protocols; (2) collecting, recording, and submitting research data in an accurate and timely fashion; (3) providing administrative and scientific expertise to the Group through continued active participation on major committees, including service as disease committee chairs and protocol coordinators; and (4) continuing to conduct innovative in-house pilot studies for subsequent use by the Group. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY GROUP MEMBERSHIP Principal Investigator & Institution: Schwartz, Cindy L.; Associate Professor; Oncology Center; Johns Hopkins University 3400 N Charles St Baltimore, Md 21218 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-JUL-1980; Project End 31-DEC-2002

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Summary: The aim of this research is to improve the treatment of childhood cancer through participation in organized clinical trials with fellow members of the Pediatric Oncology Group. In addition, we intend to expand our understanding of these diseases by collaborative laboratory investigations. Multiple projects are described which reflect the intense commitment of our faculty to work within the Pediatric Oncology Group. Our faculty are leaders of the POG commitments in ALL phenotyping, Neuropathology, Bone Tumors, Hodgkins disease, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Radiation Oncology, Bone Marrow Transplantation, Myeloid disease, Germ Cell Tumors, Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Therapy, and Multiple Drug Resistance. Pediatrics is the program that describes patient accrual and protocol activity within the division of Pediatric Oncology at Johns Hopkins under the supervision of Dr. Cindy Schwartz as POG PI. The disciplines of Radiation Oncology, Pathology, Pediatric Surgery, Orthopedic Surgery, Neurosurgery and Nursing also play a major role in patient accrual and protocol activity. In addition, Fairfax Hospital under the direction of Dr. Jay Greenberg is an active affiliate of our institution. With the limited numbers of children admitted with any single oncologic diagnosis to an individual institution, it is clear that cooperative clinical research is required if significant advances are to be made. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY GROUP PARTICIPATION Principal Investigator & Institution: Pui, Ching-Hon; Acting Chairman; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis, Tn 381052794 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-JAN-1982; Project End 31-DEC-2002 Summary: We propose continued participation in the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG). Our goals are as follows: (1) to improve cure rates for children with cancer through participation in Phase I, II, and III clinical trials designed to test new agents or concepts; and (2) to participate in laboratory-based research aimed at clarifying the basis of drug resistance and pathogenetic mechanisms of childhood cancers. We are committed to Group participation because we believe: (1) that collaborative efforts are both desirable and necessary for study of childhood cancers, since all are relatively rare; and (2) that well-designed randomized clinical trials provide the most definitive test of efficacy and general applicability of new therapies and that pooled intellectual resources are advantageous as well. Our contribution to the Group can be categorized as follows: (1) contribution of selected patients (those with rare tumors or less common stages of other cancers, n approximately 80-100/year) to Group studies; (2) administrative and scientific leadership (e.g., disease or discipline committee chairs, and protocol coordinators); (3) provision of multiple reference laboratories (flow cytometry analyses of leukemia and solid tumors, cell bank, AML cytogenetics, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, molecular genetics of leukemia and solid tumor); (4) regular presentation of results of in-house research to the group. Since our center has an unusually large number of patients and staff (both clinical and basic), the latter contribution assumes unusual importance. We have an extensive in-house developmental therapeutics program which is independent of, but complementary to, the Group's clinical research programs. We also have extensive programs in basic research. The aim of these programs, to determine the pathogenesis of pediatric neoplasia, is expected to positively influence the Group's central goal -- curing children with cancer. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY GROUP STUDIES Principal Investigator & Institution: Chauvenet, Allen R.; Pediatrics; Wake Forest University Health Sciences Winston-Salem, Nc 27157 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-APR-1991; Project End 31-DEC-2002 Summary: The overall objective of the proposed research effort is to continue work towards determining the optimum care for children with all types of cancer. The research mechanism involves participation by pediatric investigators at the Bowman Gray School of Medicine in the development and execution of collaborative multidisciplinary clinical protocols of the pediatric Oncology Group. The proposed research grant will support the continued participation of the Bowman Gray School of Medicine as a full member of the pediatric Oncology Group. Our accomplishments in the past grant period are described in detail in the proposal. Our institutional goals for the five year period of this grant include: (1) continuing our high level of patient accrual and excellent clinical contributions to the POG including our outstanding patient evaluability and protocol compliance which has merited a letter of commendation from the operations office at every 6-month analysis in the past (2) maintaining our institutional involvement in POG leukemia studies and our representation on the new ALL core committee (3) continuation and further development of our multi-disciplinary institutional commitment to POG Hodgkin's disease activities (4) a major role on the POG cytogenetics committee including optimal use of our new reference laboratory status (5) increased institutional development of late effects studies in collaboration with the POG late effects efforts (6) expansion of our efforts in neuro-oncology including increased enrollment on brain tumor studies and investigator roles on the POG brain tumor committee (7) use of in situ studies of tumor cell ploidy in collaboration with POG and other investigators (8) continued contributions to the administrative aspects of the POG. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: CANCER CTR

PEDIATRIC

ONCOLOGY

GROUP--MIDWEST

CHILDREN'S

Principal Investigator & Institution: Camitta, Bruce M.; Pediatrics; Medical College of Wisconsin Po Box26509 Milwaukee, Wi 532264801 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-JAN-1983; Project End 31-DEC-2002 Summary: The primary objective of the Midwest Children's Cancer Center is to reduce the incidence of and mortality from childhood cancers. This is approached by: 1) providing the best possible patient care (diagnostic and therapeutic; 2) education of medical and nonmedical groups as to the types of, treatments for, and availability of care for different childhood cancers; and 3) clinical and laboratory research. Investigators at the Cancer Center include specialists in pediatric oncology, surgery, orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, radiology, radiation therapy, pathology, neurology, psychology and nursing. All new patients are discussed at a multidisciplinary Tumor Board. The children are then treated on Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) or institutional protocols. Results are analyzed and reported regularly. The purpose for the Midwest Children's Cancer Center's participation in POG are: l) to enhance the probability of achieving the above objectives by collaboration with other institutions in the design and execution of clinical protocols; and 2) to evaluate, through laboratory investigations, aspects of tumor biology which result in successful and unsuccessful therapy. Pediatric tumors are relatively rare. The POG is composed of more than 50 member institutions. By pooling resources, biologic and therapeutic studies on these uncommon tumors are

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facilitated. Similar collaboration permits more rapid development of new drugs. In addition, participation in a common milieu promotes dissemination of information between institutions and investigators. If all children with cancer receive the best possible care, morbidity and mortality will be minimized. The Midwest Children's Cancer Center has been a major contributor to POG by: 1) patient accrual; 2) coordination of POG protocols; 3) institutional pilot studies that were advanced to POG studies; and 4) participation in POG disease and administrative committees. In the next grant period we will continue each of these activities. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY GROUP--THE CAROLINAS CONSORTIUM Principal Investigator & Institution: Barredo, Julio C.; Professor; Pediatrics; Medical University of South Carolina 171 Ashley Ave Charleston, Sc 29425 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 15-JUN-1996; Project End 31-DEC-2002 Summary: (Adapted from the applicant's description): The institutions included in this proposal have been part of the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) and received good performance scores during the past five years. There are two primary goals of this proposed research; the first is to accrue patients to the Group clinical trials in order to determine the optimal care of children with all types of cancers. The second is to contribute scientific expertise to the Group in areas of both patient care and tumor biology. This proposed research will allow participation in POG activities through a consortium effort of East Carolina University (ECU) School of Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Greenville Hospital, Presbyterian Hospital, and Memorial Mission Hospital (The Carolinas' Consortium). In addition to these clinical activities, their scientific efforts in next five years will include: (1) development of new protocols for the treatment of children with cancer focusing mainly on pediatric lymphomas; (2) expansion of studies of minimal marrow residual disease (using RT-PCR analysis) and assessment of new purging techniques in neuroblastoma; (3) participation in the laboratory evaluation of folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) in lymphoblasts of newly diagnosed patients; and (4) evaluation of the role hematopoietic growth factors in the treatment of pediatric malignancies. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: PREDIAGNOSIS EBV--EBV GENOME STATUS OF TUMOR BIOPSY IN HODGKINS DISEASE Principal Investigator & Institution: Levin, Lynn I.; Harvard University (Medical School) Medical School Campus Boston, Ma 02115 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: The focus of Project 2 is to integrate the pre-diagnosis Epstein- Barr virus (EBV) serology in relation to the molecular status of Hodgkin's disease (HD) cases in order to elucidate the interplay of host and viral factors in the pathogenesis of this disease. We will conduct a nested case-control study of incident cases and matched controls from the Army-Navy Serum Repository (ANSR) which contains specimens from over 3 million men and women from the United States uniformed services. We expect a total of 200 cases and 200 controls. Tissue blocks from all cases will be tested for EBV genome status. These data will be evaluated for consistency with three models of HD pathogenesis: 1. The EBV is solely related to EBV-genome positive HD with EBVgenome negative disease due to non-viral causes; 2. HD is a virally induced malignancy with the EBV responsible for EBV- genome positive disease and another unidentified

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virus(es) linked to EBV-genome negative disease; 3. The EBV plays a crucial early role in the pathogenesis of essentially all HD cases but the genome is selectively lost in some patients. Both case-case and case- control serologic comparisons will be done. We will also evaluate the consistency of pre-diagnosis and post-diagnosis serum samples frog cases. By integrating the, EBV serologic profile preceding diagnosis and molecular data of a large series of cases, we should move forward in describing the natural history of this disease. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: PROTEOMICS SOFTWARE PACKAGE FOR THE DETECTION OF CANCER Principal Investigator & Institution: Sasinowski, Maciek; Incogen, Inc. 263 Mclaws Cir, Ste 200 Williamsburg, Va 23185 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 01-APR-2003; Project End 30-SEP-2003 Summary: (provided by applicant): This SBIR project proposes the development of a software package containing bio-computational tools to facilitate accurate diagnosis of cancer based on classification of proteomics data obtained through mass spectrometry (MS). The software will accept MS data produced from a wide range of instruments but is specifically targeted toward MALDI/SELDI TOF analysis (Applied Biosystems, Ciphergen). The Phase I work will focus on exploring the applicability of various existing and modified statistical approaches for signal conditioning (Wiener filters) and classification (linear discriminant analysis, principal components analysis, support vector machines, Bayes method) of SELDI data derived from analysis of sera from individuals with pediatric Hodgkin's disease and acute myeloid leukemia. A software package to perform this task does not currently exist; therefore, the proposed research has significant potential for technical innovation. Cross-validation will be used to obtain an unbiased estimate of the performances of the classifiers. The TRIFT II equipment at the ARC (W&M) will be used to provide high-resolution MS TOF SIMS data to calibrate the SELDI equipment at EVMS. The Phase II project will leverage the research and proof-of-concept tools developed in Phase I to produce a commercial software package that will be licensed to researchers, as well as equipment manufacturers for inclusion with their instruments. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: SURVIVORS

PSYCHOSOCIAL

OUTCOMES

IN

CHILDHOOD

CANCER

Principal Investigator & Institution: Zebrack, Brad J.; Assistant Professor; Pediatrics; University of California Los Angeles 10920 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1200 Los Angeles, Ca 90024 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 08-FEB-2001 Summary: The purpose of this proposal is to further understanding of the prevalence, characteristics and predictors of the psychosocial health status, health risk behaviors and neurological sequelae of long-term survivors of childhood cancer. The research proposed in this application will make use of the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, a multi-institutional collaborative project that has established and followed a retrospectively-ascertained cohort of long-term survivors of childhood cancer and 6,000 sibling controls. This is the largest sample of well-characterized childhood cancer survivors and sibling controls known to date. Previous work suggests that certain subsets of childhood cancer survivors are vulnerable to a variety of physical and

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psychosocial problems, but the generalizability of these findings are limited by small sample sizes, data derived from single institutions, and lack of a control group. Furthermore, study in this field has yet to identify critical variables that influence (1) long-term survivors' psychosocial problems, but the generalizability of these findings are limited by small sample sizes, data derived from single institutions, and lack of a control group. Furthermore, study in this field has yet to identify critical variables that influence (1) long-term survivors' psychosocial status/quality of life, including their experiences with pain, and (2) behaviors that place them at risk for future health problems. The work to be conducted during the period of this functioning, and health behaviors. Physical, psychological, social and neurological factors that potentially influence these outcomes will be investigated. Specific hypotheses related to these outcomes are proposed and potentially moderating and mediating factors will be investigated. Psychosocial support interventions throughout a continuum of care- from diagnosis through treatment and into long-term survivorship-will be suggested. Plans for intervention research will be forthcoming. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: QUALITY OF LIFE IN ADULT CANCER SURVIVORS Principal Investigator & Institution: Carver, Charles S.; Professor; Psychology; University of Miami Coral Gables University Sta Coral Gables, Fl 33124 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-SEP-1998; Project End 31-AUG-2003 Summary: (Applicant's Description) This project will examine quality of life (QOL) in adult long-term survivors of cancer (five years or more cancer-free). Given what is seen as a lack of good measures, the project's first goal is to develop a measure of QOL for this group, based on extensive interviews of long-term cancer survivors and on sound principles of test construction. After development of this measure, the second goal will be to assess QOL in a tri-ethnic (Hispanic, non-Hispanic White, and African American) sample of survivors of breast, prostate, colorectal cancers, and Hodgkin's disease, yielding information on normative experiences of long-term survivors, on possible ethnic differences, and on long-term impact of adjuvant therapies. We will also examine this group prospectively, testing factors that may influence further change in their QOL over time. Indeed, studying how differences in personality, social context, coping patterns, etc. influence long-term QOL is the project's third goal, taking advantage of the fact that we have been studying psychosocial adaptation to breast cancer for many years. Women who participated in those earlier studies completed measures of several resilience and vulnerability factors at the time of their cancer diagnosis. Now, 5 to 13 years later, we will return to these women, assess QOL, and use the measures collected earlier to prospectively predict current QOL. We will be able to examine several personal and contextual variables as prospective predictors in this way. The fact that we have this information available on large numbers of women who were treated for breast cancer also permits us to conduct a very different kind of study of survivorship. In particular, we will be able to test these variables (collected early in the cancer experience) as predictors of who survives free from cancer at particular lengths of time after treatment. The idea that psychosocial variables play a role in recurrence (or its absence) is controversial. We will examine several psychosocial variables from our data sets that are relevant as predictors of recurrence. Conducting this research at this time will allow us to make use of - and further solidify - a resource that has been years in building. There is a large cadre of survivors of breast cancer about whom we know a good deal, thanks to their earlier research involvement. These people can continue

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providing important information about the experience of cancer survivorship and what qualities make the process easier or harder. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: QUALITY OF LIFE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN CANCER SURVIVORS Principal Investigator & Institution: Ferrans, Carol E.; Medical-Surgical Nursing; University of Illinois at Chicago 1737 West Polk Street Chicago, Il 60612 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 28-SEP-2001; Project End 31-AUG-2005 Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of long-term effects of cancer and describe their impact on the quality of life and cancer screening behaviors of African Americans. Issues specific to cancer survivorship for African Americans will be examined. Comparisons will be made with African Americans who have not had cancer to identify the differential impact of cancer on African Americans lives. The study will examine quality of life issues for survivors who have been treated for a variety of cancers: leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, colon, breast, and prostate cancer, which will make possible the identification of survivorship issues that are similar across groups, as well as those unique to each. In addition, this study will explore whether there are differences between African American cancer survivors who have participated in clinical trials and those who have not. Specific aims: the primary objective of this study is (1) To identify differences in quality of life between African American cancer survivors and African Americans who have not had cancer, who are similar in terms of age, gender, health insurance status, and education, to determine the prevalence of cancer-related problems and their effects on quality of life and cancer screening behaviors. The secondary objectives are (2) To examine differences in cancer- related problems and quality of life among survivors of different cancers; and to examine the effect of gender on these differences; and (3) To describe the physical, psychological, social, and economic differences between African American cancer survivors who participated in clinical trials and those who did not. This descriptive study has a casecontrol design. The cancer survivor sample (n = 500) will be drawn from completed CALGB clinical trials and cancer registries of selected CALGB institutions with large African American populations. Non-cancer controls (n = 500) will be African Americans who are selected via random digit dialing from the areas in which the cancer survivors reside. The controls as a group will be matched to the survivor group on age, gender, health insurance, status, and education level. Data will be collected by telephone interview and from medical records. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: RACE-SPECIFIC OCCUPATIONAL RISK FACTORS FOR CANCER Principal Investigator & Institution: Briggs, Nathaniel C.; Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine; Internal Medicine; Meharry Medical College 1005-D B Todd Blvd Nashville, Tn 37208 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 30-SEP-2003; Project End 31-AUG-2005 Summary: (provided by applicant): Black men have overall age-adjusted rates of cancer incidence and mortality that are higher than any other U.S. population group. Findings from the 1996 Report on the National Occupational Research Agenda suggest that unidentified race-specific occupational risk factors for cancer may be important contributors to this disparity. An excess of occupational cancers among minorities is further underscored by a review revealing elevated non-white to white cancer mortality ratios in the majority of studies reporting any race-specific increases, with the greatest

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racial disparity evident for hematolymphopoietic cancers. Data are sparse, however, on race-specific etiologic determinants. Moreover, published reports have generally been based on data from death certificates and other secondary sources that are of questionable validity because of racial disparities in accuracy. To address this information gap, the proposed project will use secondary data from the Selected Cancers Study (SCS) to investigate race-specific occupational risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin disease (HD), and soft tissue sarcoma (STS). The SCS was a large U.S. population-based case-control study conducted in the mid-1980s to examine associations between exposure of military troops to the defoliant herbicide Agent Orange during the Vietnam War and subsequent risk of these cancers. The study population comprised nearly 6,000 men aged 30 to 60 years, the majority of whom were directly interviewed. Study participants were asked about every full- and part-time job held for greater than or equal to 1 year since age 18. For each job, participants were queried about job title, main duties, type of business or industry, year job was started, and year job was ended; all responses were coded verbatim. In an analysis using dichotomous occupational exposure data from the SCS, we identified striking increases in risk of NHL, HD, and STS among Black men exposed to chromium or wood dust, whereas no risk factors were found for Whites. One aim of this project will be to extend the preliminary analysis to investigate dose-response relations. A second aim will be an extension of that analysis to investigate risk factors among Hispanic men. A third project aim will be to examine race-specific dose-response associations for cancer risks in relation to occupational chlorophenol exposures and agricultural vs. non-agricultural herbicide exposures. A fourth aim will be to explore race- and cancer-specific risk factors based on Standard Occupational Codes and Standard Industry Codes. Because the SCS database includes detailed occupational information for a study population large enough to provide substantial power to detect race-specific occupational cancer risk factors, it provides a unique and cost-effective opportunity to identify preventable risk factors that may be contributing to racial disparities in cancer incidence and mortality. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: RECONSTITUTION OF NK CELL REPERTOIRE Principal Investigator & Institution: Parham, Peter R.; Professor; Stanford University Stanford, Ca 94305 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 11-JUL-2002; Project End 28-FEB-2007 Summary: Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that act early in the immune response. They can kill infected and allogeneic cells, secrete cytokines and contribute to inflammation. The actions of human NK cells are regulated by two families of cellsurface molecules, CD94:NKG2 and KIR, which include receptors that bind polymorphic determinants of HLA class I molecules. By differential expression of combinations of these genes, NK cells become highly diversified within each individual. Due to differences in gene number, gene content, and allelic polymorphism of KIR gene haplotypes NK cell receptor repertoires vary within the human population. In addition to possible contributions to alloreactions following transplantation, these properties provide new tools for assessing factors that influence NK cell receptor development. Under test is the hypothesis that NK cell receptor repertoires are genetically determined in patients receiving HLA-matched allogeneic bone marrow grafts. The NK cell repertoires of the donors and of the recipient, before and after transplant, will be characterized. The hypothesis genes encoding the HLA class I ligands play a lesser role. Similar study of autologous transplants will provide a control for effects due to disease

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and therapy. Another control will come from assessment of NK-cell repertoire differences in healthy siblings having defined and variable degrees of HLA, KIR, and CD94:NKG2 identity. The results will provide valuable information on the nature, development, and reconstitution of the human NK-cell repertoire after bone marrow transplantation. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: REGULATION OF EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS LATENCY Principal Investigator & Institution: Lieberman, Paul M.; Associate Professor; Wistar Institute Philadelphia, Pa 191044268 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 01-AUG-2002; Project End 31-JUL-2007 Summary: (provided by applicant): Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent infection is associated with several human cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The latent viral genome exists as a multicopy episome that replicates in synchrony with the cellular chromosomal DNA. Latent cycle DNA replication initiates at OriP and EBNA1 is the only viral protein required for OriPdependent replication and plasmid maintenance. EBNA1 binds to multiple sites in OriP, but has no intrinsic helicase or other enzyme activity associated with DNA replication function. We have used DNA affinity chromatography to isolate and identify several cellular proteins that associate with OriP in an EBNA1-dependent manner. Our preliminary data indicates that these proteins contribute to plasmid maintenance and the regulation of DNA replication. Several of these proteins have known function at human telomeres, including Telomeric Repeat Binding Factor 2 (TRF2), hRap1, and Tankyrase. TRF2 and hRap1 bind telomeric repeats and regulate chromosome stability. We now show that EBNA1 stimulates TRF2 binding to the nonamer repeats (TTAGGG) in the Dyad symmetry region of OriP. Mutation of the nonamer repeats reduced plasmid maintenance function of OriP and sensitizes OriP to genotoxic stress. We propose that the nonamer-binding proteins function as a DNA damage checkpoint that regulates replication of OriP. Failure to regulate replication leads to a loss of stable plasmid maintenance. However, it is not clear how nonamer-binding proteins execute this function. In this application we propose to determine the structural organization of nonamer binding proteins at OriP. We will determine their protein interactions and their ability to effect single strand formation, subcellular localization, nuclear matrix attachment, and DNA looping between regions of OriP. We have also found that nonamer-binding proteins possess poly-ADP ribose activity, and we will determine how NAD levels and DNA damage may regulate the activity of PARP proteins associated with OriP. We will also determine if EBNA1 is a substrate of PARP in vivo, and if this modification regulates replication or plasmid maintenance function. We will investigate the role of nonamer-binding proteins in modifying OriP DNA and/or chromatin structure. Finally, we will determine if nonamers provide a DNA checkpoint function by arresting OriP replication in response to genotoxic stress. We hypothesize that the nonamer-binding proteins increase stability of the latent viral genome by protecting it from catastrophic recombination and degradation. The experiments proposed in this application will reveal important new insights into the mechanism of EBV latent cycle DNA replication and plasmid maintenance, and may have important implication for other latent herpesviruses, as well as the functions of cellular proteins involved in telomere maintenance. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: ROLE OF HERV-K18 SUPERANTIGEN IN EBV LYMPHOMAGENESIS Principal Investigator & Institution: Sutkowski, Natalie A.; Pathology; Tufts University Boston Boston, Ma 02111 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 30-SEP-2003; Project End 31-AUG-2006 Summary: (provided by applicant): More than 90% of adults are latently infected throughout their lifetime with the ubiquitous herpesvirus Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). While EBV infection is usually asymptomatic during childhood, it is estimated that half of first-time infected adolescents or adults develop infectious mononucleosis, a disease characterized by polyclonal B cell activation and massive expansion of T cells. EBV is an oncogenic virus; it is associated with Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. At least 1% of organ and bone marrow transplant recipients develop EBV+ lymphomas; and EBV lymphoproliferative disorders are common in AIDS patients. The tumors are often associated with vast T cell infiltrates. The SCID/hu mouse is well accepted as an animal model for EBV lymphomagenesis, because SCID mice adoptively transferred with EBV seropositive PBMC from healthy human donors develop EBV+ B cell lymphomas at a high rate. These tumors are strictly T cell dependent and can be prevented by blocking the B-T interaction. We have recently established that EBV transactivates a human endogenous retrovirus, HERV-K18, that encodes a superantigen, which strongly activates T cells. This is the first described report of a pathogen inducing a host cell superantigen. We propose that HERV-K18 Env superantigen activated T cells contribute to EBV lymphomagenesis. This proposal seeks to test whether blocking the superantigen driven T cell response prevents tumorigenesis in the SCID/hu lymphoma mouse model. We propose to block T cell activation by: I. developing monoclonal antibodies specific for the HERV-K18 superantigen; II. blocking CD28/ICOS costimulation; III. induction of T cell anergy; and IV. ligation of immunoinhibitory receptor PD-1. Since several other herpesviruses are associated with superantigen or superantigen-like activity, these experiments may have broad-reaching implications for herpesvirus biology. Overall, these studies represent a completely new approach towards understanding the potential role of T cells in herpesvirus oncogenesis. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: SPECIFIC ADOPTIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY OF VIRAL DISEASES Principal Investigator & Institution: Greenberg, Philip D.; Professor of Medicine; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Box 19024, 1100 Fairview Ave N Seattle, Wa 98109 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: Studies performed since the last competitive renewal have demonstrated the feasibility of pursuing antigen-specific T cell therapy for treatment of human disease. Methods were developed for isolating and efficiently expanding in vitro CD4+ and CD8+ T cells clones with retention of normal function, and, in a Phase I trail; the adoptive transfer of large numbers of cloned CD8+ T cells specific for CMV was demonstrated to be non-toxic and to reconstitute deficient CD8+ T cell responses to CMV in immunodeficient bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients. No patient with restored CD8+ T cell immunity developed CMV viremia or disease. In this project, we propose to use this T cell culture technology to determine if adoptive transfer of CMVspecific T cell clones can prevent early and late CMV infection in BMT recipients, and avoids toxicities associated with drug therapy. Several human tumors have been identified that express potentially immunogenic proteins. These include virusassociated malignancies, which provide attractive targets for immunologic therapies,

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since the viral proteins represent tumor-specific antigens. A subset of patients with Hodgkin's disease express several EBV latent proteins in their tumor cells, and studies are proposed to treat this human malignancy with EBV-specific T cell clones. The specific aims are: 1) to perform a Phase II study of adoptive immunotherapy with CMVspecific T cell clones as prophylaxis for CMV disease in recipients of allogeneic BMT from HLA-matched family members -- the study will include transfer of both cytolytic CD8+ and helper CD4= T cell clones and will examine therapeutic efficacy, immunologic reconstitution, and reduction in the frequency of neutropenia, a toxicity associated with ganciclovir prophylaxis; 2) to perform a Phase II study of adoptive immunotherapy with CMV-specific T cell clones for prevention of late CMV disease (> day + 100 post- BMT) in recipients of allogeneic BMT from HLA-matched unrelated donors--the study will evaluate therapeutic efficacy, long-term immunologic reconstitution, and the feasibility of generating T cells for therapy from unrelated donors; and 3) to evaluate the feasibility safety, and potential efficacy of treating Hodgkin's disease patients with EBV+ tumors by adoptive transfer of CD8+ T cell clones reactive with the EBV-encoded LMP1 or LMP2 proteins expressed in ReedSternberg cells -- this pilot study will examine safety, persistence, localization of transferred CD8+ clones to sites of tumor, and potential antitumor activity in patients undergoing autologous or allogeneic BMT for relapsed/resistant Hodgkins' disease. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: STUDIES OF EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS Principal Investigator & Institution: Miller, I George.; John F. Enders Professor; Pediatrics; Yale University 47 College Street, Suite 203 New Haven, Ct 065208047 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-JAN-1979; Project End 31-DEC-2002 Summary: Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is associated with diverse cancers, including nasopharyngeal cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma occurring in immunodeficient individuals, Hodgkin's disease and Burkitt's lymphoma. In all EBV-associated tumors the virus remains in a latent state of limited gene expression. Latency is maintained by regulation of the EBV BZLF1 gene, whose product ZEBRA, a b-ZIP transcriptional activator, obligates the virus to enter lytic replication. Our global objective is to understand the mechanism of this switch between latency and the lytic cycle. Studies of the functions of ZEBRA required for activation of lytic cycle gene expression focus on two groups of mutants that are discordant in their capacity to activate transcription and to disrupt latency. These mutants, containing alterations in the DNA recognition domain or in the accessory activation domain, should point to additional functions that are needed to activate the latent virus. Analysis of the downstream targets of ZEBRA include investigations of DNA context effects that permit a promoter to respond to ZEBRA, identification of cellular genes that are activated by ZEBRA, and identification of cellular and viral proteins that directly interact with the ZEBRA protein. Experiments that explore control of expression of the BZLF1 gene include determination whether Zp and Rp, the two promoters that control BZLF1 transcription, are coordinately or sequentially regulated. Clues to the relative importance of cellular or viral factors in BZLF1 regulation should come from study of well characterized EBV transformed cell lines that differ markedly in their responses to chemical inducing stimuli. The proposed experiments take a biologic perspective and utilize molecular genetic and biochemical techniques to explore a central unsolved question in the pathogenesis of this human tumor virus. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: TCR TRANSDUCTION FOR EBV SPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPY Principal Investigator & Institution: Orentas, Rimas J.; Assistant Professor; Pediatrics; Medical College of Wisconsin Po Box26509 Milwaukee, Wi 532264801 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-JUL-2001; Project End 30-JUN-2005 Summary: (provided by applicant): TCR TRANSDUCTION FOR EBV-SPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPY. Adoptive immunotherapy with polyclonal cytotoxic T cell lines (CTL) has met with clinical success in the treatment of post-transplant lymphoma, an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancy that expresses the most immunodominant EBV latency antigens. This strategy is not applicable to two other EBV-associated malignancies, Hodgkin's disease (appx. 50 percent of cases are EBVassociated) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (100 percent EBV-associated). These malignancies only express the EBV latency antigens LMP-1, LMP-2, and EBNA-1; none of which induce a strong immune response. These represent sub-dominant tumorassociated antigens. The goal of this project is to provide an immunotherapeutic option to patients suffering from these diseases by cloning individual T cell receptor molecules (TCR) that recognize LMP-1 and LMP-2 in an HLA-restricted manner, and introducing these recombinant TCR into HLA-A2 lymphocytes. Toward that goal, CTL clones specific for LMP-2 will be generated, the TCR alpha and beta chains molecularly cloned, and then transferred to retroviral expression vectors. These vectors will then be used to transduce CTL clones of known specificity as well as activated primary lymphocytes in bulk culture. The specific aims of this project seek to determine which TCRs are the best candidates for genetic transduction by comparing the CTL activity of the original cell to the lytic activity newly conferred upon the transduced cell. It remains to be determined whether it is the primary sequence of the TCR or the physiology of the transduced cell that determines the cytolytic activity conferred by the new receptor. We will also determine the structure of the TCR-CD3 complex in transduced cells, and in examining the bulk transduced lymphocyte population determine which cells are capable of expressing the transduced receptor. Should the retroviral vector used in these studies not give long-term expression of the transduced TCR, we also propose a newer generation of retroviral vectors that would be used instead. Once transduced, the newly expressed TCR-alpha and beta chains will have to compete with the endogenous TCR elements for association with the CD3 receptor complex and subsequent transit to the cell surface. Data obtained from this project will allow correlation between levels of retroviral gene transduction, mRNA expression, intracellular protein expression (the assembly of ICR subunits in the endoplasmic reticulum), cell surface expression of transduced TCR, and lytic function to be made. With a better understanding of these first principles of functional ICR assembly in primary lymphocytes, other malignancies with known tumor-associated antigens could be targeted by this approach as well. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: THE EFFECTS OF HAART ON CANCER INCIDENCE IN AIDS CASES Principal Investigator & Institution: Scheer, Susan; San Francisco Dept of Public Health 101 Grove St, Room 308 San Francisco, Ca 94102 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 01-MAY-2003; Project End 31-OCT-2004 Summary: (provided by applicant): AIDS-related morbidity and mortality has decreased greatly with the advent and use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The incidence of some AIDS-defining cancers (Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) has declined significantly with the widespread use of HAART, while incidence rates of other cancers that are considered to be increased in HIV-infected

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people (including Hodgkin's disease, cervical cancer and anal cancer) have shown no change in the post-HAART era. To further explore the effect of HAART on cancer incidence at the population level, we propose to match San Francisco AIDS cases diagnosed for the years 1990 through 2000 with California cancer cases diagnosed for the years 1988 through 2000. This match will allow us to examine the effect of HAART on temporal trends in both AIDS-defining cancers and non-AIDS-defining cancer incidence among AIDS patients in San Francisco. We will compare the time before HAART was introduced (1988-Nov 1995) to the years when HAART was widely available (Nov 1995- 2000). In addition, we will assess cancer survival time with immunologic status and clinical presentation of both AIDS-defining and non-AIDSdefining cancers among AIDS patients who use HAART and those who do not. Changes in morbidity and mortality among persons with AIDS are readily apparent in San Francisco, a national metropolitan area with the third most cumulative AIDS cases and a city in which over three-fourths of persons with AIDS have received HAART. The completeness of AIDS case reporting in San Francisco is 97% and follow-up chart review of AIDS cases is completed every 18 months providing up-to-date information regarding treatment use and diagnoses with subsequent AIDS diagnoses. The California Cancer Registry is one of the largest cancer registries in the world with approximately 120,000 new cases reported each year and is internationally recognized for its high quality cancer data. The San Francisco Department of Public Health AIDS registry provides a complete population-based dataset of AIDS cases in San Francisco allowing us to evaluate the impact that HAART use and improved survival with AIDS has on subsequent development of cancers. Given the respective strengths of the AIDS and cancer registries, we are uniquely situated to perform these investigations. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO LATENT GAMMAHERPESVIRUS ANTIGENS Principal Investigator & Institution: Usherwood, Edward; Microbiology Immunology; Dartmouth College 11 Rope Ferry Rd. #6210 Hanover, Nh 03755

and

Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-AUG-2001; Project End 31-JUL-2004 Summary: (provided by applicant): This application focuses on the role of CD8+ T cells recognizing latent gammaherpesvirus proteins in the control of the latent infection. Latent infection with human gammaherpesviruses predisposes towards severe diseases such as Kaposi's sarcoma, Hodgkin's disease and lymphoproliferative disease. It is therefore crucial to understand the immunological mechanisms underlying the longterm control of gammaherpesviruses during latency. We propose to examine fundamental mechanisms behind the control of the latent infection in a mouse model, murine gammaherpesvirus. This model is highly tractable for immunological studies, and we have mapped an epitope recognized by CD8+ T cells within the latencyassociated M2 protein. We have also demonstrated that M2-specific T cells can reduce the number of latently infected cells during the establishment of latency. The studies proposed address the mechanism of CD8+ T cell control of latency. Aim 1: We will determine the role of the M2-specific CD8+ T cell response in the control of M2 expression in the latent infection. This aim builds on our preliminary data and seeks to gain a clearer understanding of the induction of the M2-specific CD8+ T cell response and it's role in both the early and long-term stages of the latent infection. Aim 2: We will test the hypothesis that vaccination with M2 can reduce the load of latently infected cells. We will vaccinate mice with M2 to determine if prior immunity to M2 interferes with either the establishment or maintenance of viral latency. We will also test whether

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therapeutic vaccination with M2 is possible. Finally we will identify further epitopes in putative latency-associated proteins, with the aim of developing multivalent vaccines incorporating several viral antigens. Data obtained from these studies will contribute to the development of more effective vaccines for gammaherpesviruses. In addition they will increase our knowledge of the host-virus interaction during latent/chronic viral infections in general. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: TOWARDS A MOUSE MODEL OF CLASSICAL HODGKIN'S DISEASE Principal Investigator & Institution: Rajewsky, Klaus; Cbr Institute for Biomedical Research 800 Huntington Ave Boston, Ma 02115 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 01-JUL-2003; Project End 30-JUN-2008 Summary: (provided by applicant): Classical Hodgkin's disease (HD) is the most common lymphoma in the Western World. The malignant cells in HD are the so-called Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells, which comprise only a few percent or less of the lymphoma tissue. In roughly half of the patients, the HRS cells are infected with Epstein-Barr-Virus (EBV) and express the EBV-encoded membrane proteins LMP1 and LMP2A. These proteins are constitutively active and in B cells partially mimic signals of the CD40 co-receptor and the antigen receptor (BCR), respectively. Based on these circumstances and on our own molecular analysis of Ig gene rearrangements in micro manipulated HRS cells we have developed a scenario of HD pathogenesis. In this scenario, HRS cells derive in most instances from pre-apoptotic germinal center (GC) B cells rescued by some transforming event(s). In EBV+ HD, LMP1 and LMP2A may participate in this initial rescue. The aim of this proposal is to reconstruct this scenario in the mouse by conditional gene targeting techniques. We have developed a mouse mutant in which Cre recombinase is efficiently expressed in GC but not naive B cells. This will be used to target expression of LMP2A and/or LMP1 to GC B cells in vivo. The interference of the viral proteins with the GC reaction will be investigated. Rescue of pre-apoptotic GC B cells that have lost BCR expression because of somatic hypermutation might be observed, as well as lymphomagenesis, given the known oncogenic properties of LMP1. These experiments will be complemented by an attempt to target another potential tumor determinant of HRS cells into GC B cells, namely the activated form of Notch1. This molecule has recently been shown to be expressed in HRS cells at high levels and in an activated form. Notch1 is particularly attractive in this context, because it is involved in lineage decisions in lymphocyte progenitors, promoting T cell development. Curiously, HRS cells have down regulated many B cellspecific genes and express molecular markers of other hematopoietic lineages, including T cells. Notch1, which is also a potent oncogene if ectopically expressed, might thus contribute to this curious phenotype as well as to HRS cell transformation. Combining LMP2A, LMP1 and Notch1 expression in GC B cells by conditional gene targeting might lead to a mouse model of HD. Apart from lymphomagenesis, the proposed experiments should also lead to new insights into the biology of the GC reaction in the context of EBV infection. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: TRANS ONCOPROTEINS

ACTING

FUNCTION

OF

THE

V

AND

C

REL

Principal Investigator & Institution: Gelinas, Celine; Professor; Biochemistry; Univ of Med/Dent Nj-R W Johnson Med Sch Robert Wood Johnson Medical Sch Piscataway, Nj 08854 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-JUL-1991; Project End 30-JUN-2006 Summary: (Adapted from the investigator's abstract): The v-Rel oncoprotein of the highly oncogenic retrovirus reticuloendotheliosis virus strain T (Rev-T) induces aggressive and fatal leukemia/lymphoma in chickens and transgenic mice. Its cellular homolog c-Rel is essential for lymphoid cell survival and proliferation, and for immune and inflammatory responses. Both v-Rel and c-Rel belong to the Rel/NF-KB family of transcription factors. Members of this family share extensive sequence similarity in their N-terminal Rel-homology domain, activate the transcription of genes linked to kB DNA sites and exhibit related biological activities. Chromosomal amplification, rearrangement, overexpression and/or constitutive activation of rel/nf-kb genes are implicated in many human hematopoietic tumors such as lymphoma, leukemia, myeloma and Hodgkin's disease. Aberrant rel/nf-kb genes and activity are also observed in solid tumors such as lung, breast, colon, ovarian and prostate carcinomas. It is therefore important to elucidate how the ReI/NF-kB proteins function in oncogenesis and to understand their regulation. While most vertebrate cellular ReI/NF-kB factors have been implicated in human cancer, none of them is acutely oncogenic when expressed in primary cells or in transgenic mice. The retroviral oncoprotein v-Rel therefore provides an excellent and unique tool tO directly address the function and regulation of these factors in the physiologically relevant context of primary lymphoid cells. Our studies of the past few years support the notion that lymphoid cell transformation by v-Rel results from the activation of specific cellular genes, and point to its regulation by phosphorylation. Our analyses also demonstrated an absolute correlation between the anti-apoptotic and oncogenic activities of v-Rel transactivation mutants. This application for continuation of support will investigate how v-Relmediated transactivation effects cell survival, proliferation and oncogenesis (Aim. 1). Experiments are also proposed to further characterize the transactivation function of vRel and c-Rel and its mode of action (Aim. 2), and to explore the role of phosphorylation in its regulation (Aim. 3). Collectively, these studies will clarify the pathways through which the viral oncoprotein v-Rel functions in malignant lymphoid cell transformation. This work will also provide invaluable insights into the events necessary for the oncogenic conversion of cellular ReI/NF-KB factors. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: TREATMENT OF CHILDHOOD CANCER Principal Investigator & Institution: Brecher, Martin L.; Roswell Park Cancer Institute Corp Buffalo, Ny 14263 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-JUL-1980; Project End 31-DEC-2002 Summary: Cooperative trials in pediatric cancer patients have played a major role in the remarkable improvement in cure of childhood cancers. Because most childhood cancers are rare, it is only through this mechanism that adequate numbers of patients can be accrued in reasonable lengths of time for randomized controlled studies. The Department of Pediatrics at Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI) has actively participated in cooperative group trials via the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) to answer treatment questions which would be impossible to answer were we to conduct

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only single institution studies. Some pediatric solid tumors are so rare that national intergroup studies are required. We also participate in these intergroup studies. RPCI investigators are coordinators for a number of POG protocols including front-line studies for the treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease, advanced small non- cleaved cell lymphoma, non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas, acute lymphoblastic leukemia in relapse, the National Wilms Tumor Study, brain tumors in infants, and the Intergroup Ewing's Sarcoma Study. Roswell Park investigators have also developed POG phase II studies of continuous infusion 5-fluouracil and the combination of cisplatin, ifosfamide and etoposide. Roswell Park investigators chair the Wilms Tumor Committee, the Neuroscience Subcommittee of the Brain Tumor Committee, and cochair the Pathology Discipline Core Committee, as well as being active on a number of other POG Core Committees. They have made major contributions over the last few years in the areas of solid tumor oncology, neuro- oncology and the treatment of lymphoid malignancies. We are strongly committed to the interdisciplinary approach to pediatric cancer and have established collaboration with the necessary clinical specialties including Radiation Medicine, Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Orthopedic Surgery, as well as with researchers in immunology, pharmacology and molecular biology. As more children are cured of their cancers, the identification and prevention, when feasible, of complications of therapy have become imperative. We have been a major contributor to the identification and understanding of the long-term medical and psychosocial effects of the treatment of leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and a number of solid tumors, both through the cooperative group mechanism and through institutional studies. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: TUMOR-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUSES CONFERENCE Principal Investigator & Institution: Raab-Traub, Nancy J.; Professor; Medicine; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Office of Sponsored Research Chapel Hill, Nc 27599 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 01-AUG-2002; Project End 31-JUL-2007 Summary: (provided by applicant): The Tenth International Meeting of the EBV Association will be held in Cairns, Australia on July 16th-21st, 2002. The theme of the meeting will be "Tumor Associated Herpesviruses" and will focus on EBV and Human Herpevirus 8 (HHV8), but also include gamma herpesvirus infection in animal model systems. Subsequent meetings will be held in Regensburg in 2004 and Boston in 2006. The biennial EBV symposium alternates between the Far East, America, and Europe and provides the only regular forum for EBV research. The meeting encompasses both clinical studies and basic research, providing a unique opportunity to expand our understanding of the molecular basis of EBV and cancer. Each of the sessions and workshops are configured to include molecular biology, immunology, pathology and epidemiology such that every session will have relevance to all attendees, which will promote communication and cross-fertilization of ideas. The proposed sessions will focus on: Primary EBV infections (including infectious mononucleosis, chronic fatigue and X-linked lymphoproliferative disease); Diagnosis and treatment of EBV diseases; Immunobiology and Pathology of EBV Infection; Lymphoid Tumors (including nonHodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease and Burkitt's lymphoma); Epithelial tumors (including nasopharyngeal carcinoma gastric carcinomas and breast cancer); Recent advances in vaccine development and Transplantation. As well there will be workshops on "Herpesviruses and AIDS", "The diagnosis, epidemiology and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma"; "Animal models of Disease" and "Oral Herpesvirus

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Infections". The two sessions on the 21st July, Transplantation and Vaccine development, will be combined sessions with the International Herpesvirus workshop. The organization of the meeting has been arranged to 1. Stimulate communication and interactions internationally among clinical and basic scientists and students to facilitate exchange of materials and rapid movement of new basic information to clinical settings, 2. Recognize and encourage young investigators and 3. Highlight new developments in the field and identify areas for future investigation. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: VALIDITY LYMPHOMAS

OF

SELF

REPORTED

FAMILY

HISTORY

OF

Principal Investigator & Institution: Glaser, Sally L.; Northern California Cancer Center 32960 Alvarado Niles Rd, Ste 600 Union City, Ca 94587 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-SEP-2000; Project End 31-AUG-2003 Summary: Hodgkin's disease (HD) risk is increased in family members of patients. If proband-reported family histories of HD were known to be accurate, efficient studies of HD family association, inheritance patterns and susceptibility genes could be conducted without additional patient contact, using new statistical methods and stored tumor tissues. However, no data exist on the validity of self-reported family history of HD or other lymphoma, with which HD is often confused. In a prior population-based, casecontrol study of HD for which we interviewed 645 women and enumerated their 1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-degree blood relatives, we found a significant excess of familial HD, the first such population-based finding. The proposed R03 study will validate the positive family histories of HD and other lymphoma provided by 50 probands, against medical record and/or death certificate reports, to explore the utility of proband-reported family histories for future genetic studies of familial HD, and to provide the first populationbased description of validated familial HD and associated risk in women. The study will: 1) interview the 33 HD case and 17 population-control probands by phone for contact information on the 58 blood relatives they had reported as having HD or other lymphoma; 2) contact the 58 relatives or their next-of-kin by phone to obtain their cancer history and access to pathology reports and discharge summaries, or, as needed, death certificates, for diagnostic review; 3) obtain the diagnostic documents, and review and classify diagnoses per cancer-registry standards; 4) compare reported and documented diagnoses to calculate validity of proband-reported family history of HD and of other lymphoma, for 1st-, 2nd-, and selected 3rd-degree relatives; 5) describe validated familial HD and associated risk in the original population-based HD case series. Study strengths are: 1) inclusion of population-based, proband-derived histories for 1st-, 2nd-, and selected 3rd- relatives, so that findings are both generalizable and extend beyond 1st-degree relatives; 2) validation of HD and of other lymphomas, both reported in highrisk families but often hard to differentiate; 3) use of a documentation hierarchy: medical record, death certificate, and relative's self-report. Establishing validity of proband-reported lymphomas will help us determine the usefulness of high-risk pedigrees reported by HD probands, who could be identified for this purpose efficiently and in adequate numbers by cancer-registry screening, and will expand the literature on cancer-history validation to include HD. Study results also have implications to the utility of self- reported family history of lymphoma for counseling lymphoma family members about disease risk. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: VIRAL ETIOLOGY OF HODGKINS DISEASE Principal Investigator & Institution: Mueller, Nancy E.; Professor; Epidemiology; Harvard University (Sch of Public Hlth) Public Health Campus Boston, Ma 02460 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 20-JUN-1997; Project End 31-MAY-2004 Summary: Recent findings on Hodgkin's disease (HD) present a number of important questions. The established risk factors point to age of infection as an important modifier of risk. Cases have altered antibody profiles to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) preceding and following diagnosis. The new finding is that 30-50% of HD cases' tumors contain monoclonal EBV genome, with a restricted latent protein expression. How these risk factor, serologic, and molecular data fit together and whether EBV-genome negative HD represents a separate etiology are unknown. This Program Project is designed to test three alternate models of the role of the EBV in the pathogenesis of HD: the EBV is solely related to EBV-genome positive HD with EBV-genome negative disease due to non-viral causes; HD is a virally induced malignancy with the EBV responsible for EBVgenome positive disease and another unidentified virus(es) linked to EBV- genome negative disease; or the EBV plays a crucial early role in the pathogenesis of essentially all HD cases but the genome is selectively lost in some patients. Three companion projects will address the following: the role of EBV in the epidemiology of HD (600 cases and 600 population controls); the association of pre- diagnosis EBV serology with EBV genome status of tumor biopsy in HD (200 cases and 200 matched controls); and characterization of the EBV infection and the cellular immune response in HD cases (160 cases and 160 bone marrow donor controls). The Projects are supported by a serology/pathology Core and an Administrative Core. The combined mutually standardized data from the population studies, plus extensive biomarkers including EBV serology and viral probes, and detailed immunologic markers will result in a substantial and rich database. The program brings together an experienced multidisciplinary group of investigators; by working together we should gain insight into the etiology of HD. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: VIRAL TRANSCRIPTION IN EBV TRANSFORMED B CELLS Principal Investigator & Institution: Speck, Samuel H.; Professor; Microbiology and Immunology; Emory University 1784 North Decatur Road Atlanta, Ga 30322 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 01-JUL-1986; Project End 31-MAR-2007 Summary: (provided by applicant): This is a competing renewal of an ROl grant with the long term goal of understanding how Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) gene expression is regulated during immortalizing latency. EBV establishes a life-long infection within the infected host, and is closely associated with the development of endemic Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 30-50 percent of Hodgkin's disease, and nearly half of the lymphomas that arise in immunosuppressed patients. Notably, EBV infection of peripheral resting B cells results in growth transformation resulting, ex vivo, in the generation of immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines. Based on recent analyses of EBV infection in seropositive individuals, it seems likely that the ability of EBV to drive B cell proliferation, and subsequent differentiation, plays an important role in the dissemination of virus infected B cells and the establishment of a long-lived latency reservoir in memory B cells (in which there is very limited viral gene expression). Understanding how EBV regulates viral gene expression during immortalizing latency may ultimate provide strategies for interfering with this phase of the virus life cycle, which could interfere with the establishment of latency in the memory B cell

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compartment. Within the scope of this proposal, we will continue to focus our analyses on identifying and characterizing cis-elements involved in regulated EBNA gene expression during the immortalizing latency program of EBV. Aim 1. Generation of a cottontop marmoset LCL immortalized with a packaging defective and replication null EBV to serve as an inducible reservoir for non-immortalizing EBV mutants. Aim 2. Generation and characterization of EBV harboring mutations in cis-elements thought to be involved in regulating EBNA gene transcription in EBV immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines. Aim 3. Analysis of the requirements for Wp activity during initial stages of infection of primary B cells. Aim 4. Analysis of Wp methylation during the establishment and maintenance of immortalizing latency in B cells - role of methylation in regulating Wp activity in lymphoblastoid cell lines. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

E-Journals: PubMed Central3 PubMed Central (PMC) is a digital archive of life sciences journal literature developed and managed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).4 Access to this growing archive of e-journals is free and unrestricted.5 To search, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Pmc, and type “Hodgkin’s disease” (or synonyms) into the search box. This search gives you access to full-text articles. The following is a sample of items found for Hodgkin’s disease in the PubMed Central database: •

Reed-Sternberg cells and "bystander" lymphocytes in lymph nodes affected by Hodgkin's disease are infected with different strains of Epstein-Barr virus. by Meggetto F, Brousset P, Selves J, Delsol G, Mariame B.; 1997 Mar; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstr act&artid=191371

The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.6 The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. 3 4

Adapted from the National Library of Medicine: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/about/intro.html.

With PubMed Central, NCBI is taking the lead in preservation and maintenance of open access to electronic literature, just as NLM has done for decades with printed biomedical literature. PubMed Central aims to become a world-class library of the digital age. 5 The value of PubMed Central, in addition to its role as an archive, lies in the availability of data from diverse sources stored in a common format in a single repository. Many journals already have online publishing operations, and there is a growing tendency to publish material online only, to the exclusion of print. 6 PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.

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To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with Hodgkin’s disease, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “Hodgkin’s disease” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for Hodgkin’s disease (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •

A case of Hodgkin's disease presenting as lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis. Author(s): Puri MM, Gupta K, Arora VK. Source: Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 2003 April-June; 45(2): 139-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12715939&dopt=Abstract

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A defective, rearranged Epstein-Barr virus genome in EBER-negative and EBERpositive Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Gan YJ, Razzouk BI, Su T, Sixbey JW. Source: American Journal of Pathology. 2002 March; 160(3): 781-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11891176&dopt=Abstract

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A helping computer system prognosing the survival of patients with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Mateva NG, Nenova IS, Georgieva IG, Shtraklina NT, Doikova AD. Source: Folia Med (Plovdiv). 2003; 45(2): 30-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12943055&dopt=Abstract

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A population-based study of intensive multi-agent chemotherapy with or without autotransplant for the highest risk Hodgkin's disease patients identified by the Scotland and Newcastle Lymphoma Group (SNLG) prognostic index. A Scotland and Newcastle Lymphoma Group study (SNLG HD III). Author(s): Proctor SJ, Mackie M, Dawson A, White J, Prescott RJ, Lucraft HL, Angus B, Jackson GH, Lennard AL, Hepplestone A, Taylor PR. Source: European Journal of Cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). 2002 April; 38(6): 795-806. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11937314&dopt=Abstract

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A randomized trial of chemotherapy with carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan (BEAM) plus peripheral stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) vs single-agent high-dose chemotherapy followed by BEAM plus PBSCT in patients with relapsed Hodgkin's disease (HD-R2). Author(s): Glossmann JP, Josting A, Pfistner B, Paulus U, Engert A; German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group (GHSG). Source: Annals of Hematology. 2002 August; 81(8): 424-9. Epub 2002 August 15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12223998&dopt=Abstract

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A rare localization of Hodgkin's disease in the breast--a case report. Author(s): Wojtukiewicz MZ, Sawicki Z, Dzieciol J. Source: Rocz Akad Med Bialymst. 2001; 46: 87-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11780584&dopt=Abstract

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A selective history of the therapy of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): DeVita VT Jr. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2003 September; 122(5): 718-27. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12930382&dopt=Abstract

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Acquired icthyosis: a paraneoplastic skin manifestation of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Rizos E, Milionis HJ, Pavlidis N, Elisaf MS. Source: The Lancet Oncology. 2002 December; 3(12): 727. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12473513&dopt=Abstract

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Advanced Hodgkin's disease: ABVD is better, yet is not good enough! Author(s): Diehl V. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 February 15; 21(4): 583-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12586791&dopt=Abstract

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Age-specific survival after Hodgkin's disease in a population-based cohort (United States). Author(s): Clarke CA, Glaser SL, Prehn AW. Source: Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc. 2001 November; 12(9): 803-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11714108&dopt=Abstract

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An epidemiologic study of index and family infectious mononucleosis and adult Hodgkin's disease (HD): evidence for a specific association with EBV+ve HD in young adults. Author(s): Alexander FE, Lawrence DJ, Freeland J, Krajewski AS, Angus B, Taylor GM, Jarrett RF. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 2003 November 1; 107(2): 298-302. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12949811&dopt=Abstract

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Analysis of in-field control and late toxicity for adults with early-stage Hodgkin's disease treated with chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. Author(s): Chronowski GM, Wilder RB, Tucker SL, Ha CS, Younes A, Fayad L, Rodriguez MA, Hagemeister FB, Barista I, Cabanillas F, Cox JD. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2003 January 1; 55(1): 36-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12504034&dopt=Abstract

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Analysis of treatment results in advanced Hodgkin's disease: the case for adjuvant radiotherapy. Author(s): Dyduch M, Skolyszewski J, Korzeniowski S, Sokolowski A. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2003 July 1; 56(3): 634-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12788168&dopt=Abstract

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Antibody responses to Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1) and expression of LMP1 in juvenile Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Meij P, Vervoort MB, Bloemena E, Schouten TE, Schwartz C, Grufferman S, Ambinder RF, Middeldorp JM. Source: Journal of Medical Virology. 2002 November; 68(3): 370-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12226824&dopt=Abstract

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Anti-Tr antibodies as markers of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Bernal F, Shams'ili S, Rojas I, Sanchez-Valle R, Saiz A, Dalmau J, Honnorat J, Sillevis Smitt P, Graus F. Source: Neurology. 2003 January 28; 60(2): 230-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12552036&dopt=Abstract

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Assessment of clonality of rosetting T lymphocytes in Hodgkin's disease by singlecell polymerase chain reaction: detection of clonality in a polyclonal background in a case of lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Trumper L, Jung W, Daus H, Mechtersheimer G, von Bonin F, Pfreundschuh M. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2001 November; 80(11): 653-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11757724&dopt=Abstract

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Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for high-risk Hodgkin's disease: a single-center experience with the first 100 patients. Author(s): Holowiecki J, Giebel S, Wojnar J, Krawczyk-Kulis M, Stella-Holowiecka B, Kachel L, Wojciechowska M, Markiewicz M, Kata D. Source: Transplantation Proceedings. 2002 December; 34(8): 3378-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12493478&dopt=Abstract

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Autologous stem cell transplantation for primary refractory Hodgkin's disease: results and clinical variables affecting outcome. Author(s): Constans M, Sureda A, Terol MJ, Arranz R, Caballero MD, Iriondo A, Jarque I, Carreras E, Moraleda JM, Carrera D, Leon A, Lopez A, Albo C, Diaz-Mediavilla J, Fernandez-Abellan P, Garcia-Ruiz JC, Hernandez-Navarro F, Mataix R, Petit J, Pascual MJ, Rifon J, Garcia-Conde J, Fernandez-Ranada JM, Mateos MV, Sierra J, Conde E; GEL/TAMO Cooperative Group. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2003 May; 14(5): 745-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12702529&dopt=Abstract

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Autologous stem cell transplantation in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Avivi I, Goldstone AH. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2002; 13 Suppl 1: 122-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12078893&dopt=Abstract

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Autotransplantation for advanced lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease followed by post-transplant rituxan/GM-CSF or radiotherapy and consolidation chemotherapy. Author(s): Rapoport AP, Meisenberg B, Sarkodee-Adoo C, Fassas A, Frankel SR, Mookerjee B, Takebe N, Fenton R, Heyman M, Badros A, Kennedy A, Jacobs M, Hudes R, Ruehle K, Smith R, Kight L, Chambers S, MacFadden M, Cottler-Fox M, Chen T, Phillips G, Tricot G. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2002 February; 29(4): 303-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11896427&dopt=Abstract

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Basic fibroblast growth factor and fibrosis in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Ohshima K, Sugihara M, Suzumiya J, Haraoka S, Kanda M, Shimazaki K, Katoh K, Kumagawa M, Kikuchi M. Source: Pathology, Research and Practice. 1999; 195(3): 149-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10220794&dopt=Abstract

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BAX expression in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease: correlation with clinical outcome. Author(s): Rassidakis GZ, Medeiros LJ, McDonnell TJ, Viviani S, Bonfante V, Nadali G, Vassilakopoulos TP, Giardini R, Chilosi M, Kittas C, Gianni AM, Bonadonna G, Pizzolo G, Pangalis GA, Cabanillas F, Sarris AH. Source: Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. 2002 February; 8(2): 488-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11839668&dopt=Abstract

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BEACOPP: a new regimen for advanced Hodgkin's disease. German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group. Author(s): Diehl V, Franklin J, Hasenclever D, Tesch H, Pfreundschuh M, Lathan B, Paulus U, Sieber M, Ruffer JU, Sextro M, Engert A, Wolf J, Hermann R, Holmer L, Stappert-Jahn U, Winnerlein-Trump E, Wulf G, Krause S, Glunz A, von Kalle K, Bischoff H, Haedicke C, Duhmke E, Georgii A, Loeffler M. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1998; 9 Suppl 5: S67-71. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9926240&dopt=Abstract

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Bilateral renal artery stenosis after abdominal radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Saka B, Bilge AK, Umman B, Yilmaz E, Nisanci Y, Erten N, Karan MA, Tascioglu C. Source: Int J Clin Pract. 2003 April; 57(3): 247-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12723735&dopt=Abstract

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Biliary involvement in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Gupta A, Roebuck DJ, Michalski AJ. Source: Pediatric Radiology. 2002 March; 32(3): 202-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12164356&dopt=Abstract

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Biological markers may add to prediction of outcome achieved by the International Prognostic Score in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Axdorph U, Sjoberg J, Grimfors G, Landgren O, Porwit-MacDonald A, Bjorkholm M. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2000 November; 11(11): 1405-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11142480&dopt=Abstract

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Biologically relevant phenotypic changes and enhanced growth properties induced in B lymphocytes by an EBV strain derived from a histologically aggressive Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Dolcetti R, Quaia M, Gloghini A, De Re V, Zancai P, Cariati R, Babuin L, Cilia AM, Rizzo S, Carbone A, Boiocchi M. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 1999 January 18; 80(2): 240-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9935206&dopt=Abstract

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Bleomycin, lomustine, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine and prednisone (BLEO-CCVPP) in patients with Hodgkin's disease who relapsed after radiotherapy alone: a long-term follow-up study of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (E3481). Author(s): Wiernik PH, Leong T, Oken MM, Neiman RS, Habermann TM, Bennett JM, Schuster S, Glick JH. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2001 January; 40(3-4): 357-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11426558&dopt=Abstract

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Brain involvement in Hodgkin's disease: case reports and review of the literature. Author(s): Nakayama H, Tokuuye K, Kagami Y, Sumi M, Murayama S, Kawashima M, Imai A, Ikeda H, Tobinai K. Source: Radiat Med. 2000 May-June; 18(3): 205-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10972552&dopt=Abstract

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Breast cancer after mantle irradiation for Hodgkin's disease: correlation of clinical, pathologic, and molecular features including loss of heterozygosity at BRCA1 and BRCA2. Author(s): Gaffney DK, Hemmersmeier J, Holden J, Marshall J, Smith LM, Avizonis V, Tran T, Neuhausen SL. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2001 February 1; 49(2): 539-46. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11173152&dopt=Abstract

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Breast cancer following treatment of Hodgkin's disease--more reasons for less radiotherapy? Author(s): Wolf J, Schellong G, Diehl V. Source: European Journal of Cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). 1997 December; 33(14): 2293-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9616268&dopt=Abstract

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Breast cancer in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease: clinical and pathological analysis of 76 cases in 63 patients. Author(s): Cutuli B, Dhermain F, Borel C, de Larochefordiere A, Graic Y, de Lafontan B, Dilhyudy JM, Mignotte H, Tessier E, Tortochaux J, N'Guyen T, Bey P, Le Mevel-Le Pourhiet A, Velten M, Arriagada R. Source: European Journal of Cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). 1997 December; 33(14): 2315-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9616274&dopt=Abstract

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Breast cancer in women after treatment for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Deniz K, O'Mahony S, Ross G, Purushotham A. Source: The Lancet Oncology. 2003 April; 4(4): 207-14. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12681264&dopt=Abstract

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Breast cancer in women following supradiaphragmatic irradiation for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Gervais-Fagnou DD, Girouard C, Laperriere N, Pintillie M, Goss PE. Source: Oncology. 1999 October; 57(3): 224-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10545791&dopt=Abstract

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Breast cancer occurred after treatment for Hodgkin's disease: analysis of 133 cases. Author(s): Cutuli B, Borel C, Dhermain F, Magrini SM, Wasserman TH, Bogart JA, Provencio M, de Lafontan B, de la Rochefordiere A, Cellai E, Graic Y, Kerbrat P, Alzieu C, Teissier E, Dilhuydy JM, Mignotte H, Velten M. Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology : Journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. 2001 June; 59(3): 247-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11369065&dopt=Abstract

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Breast cancer risk following irradiation for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Clemons M, Loijens L, Goss P. Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews. 2000 August; 26(4): 291-302. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10913384&dopt=Abstract

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Breast cancer screening in women previously treated for Hodgkin's disease: a prospective cohort study. Author(s): Diller L, Medeiros Nancarrow C, Shaffer K, Matulonis U, Mauch P, Neuberg D, Tarbell NJ, Litman H, Garber J. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 April 15; 20(8): 2085-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11956269&dopt=Abstract

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Breast cancer, birth cohorts, and Epstein-Barr virus: methodological issues in exploring the “hygiene hypothesis” in relation to breast cancer, Hodgkin's disease, and stomach cancer. Author(s): Krieger N, Strong EF, Makosky C, Weuve J. Source: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. 2003 May; 12(5): 405-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12750234&dopt=Abstract

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Breast carcinoma in women previously treated for Hodgkin's disease: clinical and mammographic findings. Author(s): Tardivon AA, Garnier ML, Beaudre A, Girinsky T. Source: European Radiology. 1999; 9(8): 1666-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10525887&dopt=Abstract

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British National Lymphoma Investigation: pilot studies of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in clinical stage Ia and IIa Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Moody AM, Pratt J, Hudson GV, Smith P, Lamont A, Williams MV. Source: Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2001; 13(4): 262-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11554622&dopt=Abstract

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Can (18)F-FDG PET after first cycle chemotherapy predict the efficacy of therapy in Hodgkin's disease? Author(s): Rigacci L, Castagnoli A, Carpaneto A, Carrai V, Vaggelli L, Matteini M. Source: Haematologica. 2002 May; 87(5): Elt24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12010684&dopt=Abstract

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Cases from the Osler Medical Service at Johns Hopkins University. Hodgkin's disease with Pel-Ebstein fevers. Author(s): Talbot TR. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 2002 March; 112(4): 312-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11893371&dopt=Abstract

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CD20 expression in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of classical Hodgkin's disease: associations with presenting features and clinical outcome. Author(s): Rassidakis GZ, Medeiros LJ, Viviani S, Bonfante V, Nadali GP, Vassilakopoulos TP, Mesina O, Herling M, Angelopoulou MK, Giardini R, Chilosi M, Kittas C, McLaughlin P, Rodriguez MA, Romaguera J, Bonadonna G, Gianni AM, Pizzolo G, Pangalis GA, Cabanillas F, Sarris AH. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 March 1; 20(5): 1278-87. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11870170&dopt=Abstract

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CD30 expression in L&H cells of Hodgkin's disease, nodular lymphocyte predominant type. Author(s): Ranjan P, Naresh KN. Source: Histopathology. 2003 April; 42(4): 406-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12653955&dopt=Abstract

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cDNA arrays: gene expression profiles of Hodgkin's disease and anaplastic large cell lymphoma cell lines. Author(s): Thorns C, Gaiser T, Lange K, Merz H, Feller AC. Source: Pathology International. 2002 September; 52(9): 578-85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12406187&dopt=Abstract

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Central nervous system bleeding as a first manifestation of immunothrombocytopenic purpura in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Engin H, Abali H, Erman M, Karoglu A, Celik I, Guler N. Source: Haematologia. 2002; 31(4): 373-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12038523&dopt=Abstract

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Challenging cases and diagnostic dilemmas: case 1. Tracheal compression in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Garrison MA, Glanton C, Rasnke M, Smith ME, Ornstein DL. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 August 1; 20(15): 3344-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12149308&dopt=Abstract

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Challenging cases and diagnostic dilemmas: case 2. Pitfalls of positron emission tomography for assessing residual mediastinal mass after chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Bomanji JB, Syed R, Brock C, Jankowska P, Dogan A, Costa DC, Ell PJ, Lee SM. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 August 1; 20(15): 3347-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12149309&dopt=Abstract

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Changing role and decreasing size: current trends in radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Yahalom J. Source: Current Oncology Reports. 2002 September; 4(5): 415-23. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12162917&dopt=Abstract

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Changing technology and Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Lawrence G, Crawford J. Source: Oncology (Huntingt). 2002 September; 16(9): 1146. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12380943&dopt=Abstract

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Chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Ekert H. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 2003 September 18; 349(12): 1186-7; Author Reply 1186-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=13679536&dopt=Abstract

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ChlVPP chemotherapy in children with stage IV Hodgkin's disease: results of the UKCCSG HD 8201 and HD 9201 studies. Author(s): Atra A, Higgs E, Capra M, Elsworth A, Imeson J, Radford M, Hewitt M; UKCCSG/Hodgkin's Disease Group. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 December; 119(3): 647-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12437639&dopt=Abstract

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Cigarette smoking and risk of Hodgkin's disease: a population-based case-control study. Author(s): Briggs NC, Hall HI, Brann EA, Moriarty CJ, Levine RS. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2002 December 1; 156(11): 1011-20. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12446257&dopt=Abstract

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Classification and prognostic value of serum copper/zinc ratio in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Cunzhi H, Jiexian J, Xianwen Z, Jingang G, Suling H. Source: Biological Trace Element Research. 2001 November; 83(2): 133-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11762530&dopt=Abstract

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Clonally unrelated Hodgkin's disease following autologous stem cell transplant for B-cell lymphoma. Author(s): Fend F, Martinez A, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Sanz L, Combalia N, Raffeld M, Jaffe ES, Montserrat E, Campo E. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 February; 116(2): 329-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11841433&dopt=Abstract

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Coexistence of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Hodgkin's disease. A case report. Author(s): Oberfield RA. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1966 March 7; 195(10): 865-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12608184&dopt=Abstract

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Communication challenges in a young man with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Medoff E. Source: Cancer Practice. 2001 November-December; 9(6): 272-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11879328&dopt=Abstract

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Consolidation radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease: is it dead? Author(s): Prosnitz LR. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2003 July 1; 56(3): 605-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12788163&dopt=Abstract

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Controversies in early-stage Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Ng AK, Mauch PM. Source: Oncology (Huntingt). 2002 May; 16(5): 588-95, 598; Discussion 600, 605, 609-18. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12108888&dopt=Abstract

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Cutaneous granulomas as the first manifestation of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Macaya A, Servitje O, Moreno A, Peyri J. Source: Eur J Dermatol. 2003 May-June; 13(3): 299-301. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12804995&dopt=Abstract

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Deciduoid mesothelioma of the pleura after radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease presenting as a mediastinal mass. Author(s): Henley JD, Loehrer PJ Sr, Ulbright TM. Source: The American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 2001 April; 25(4): 547-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11257636&dopt=Abstract

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Deletions within the epstein-barr virus latent membrane protein-1 oncogene in adult ordinary, HIV-associated and paediatric Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Santon A, Bellas C. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2001 January; 40(3-4): 235-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11426545&dopt=Abstract

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Delirium resulting from paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis caused by Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Kung S, Mueller PS, Geda YE, Krahn LE. Source: Psychosomatics. 2002 November-December; 43(6): 498-501. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12444235&dopt=Abstract

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Demonstration by single-cell PCR that Reed--Sternberg cells and bystander B lymphocytes are infected by different Epstein--Barr virus strains in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Faumont N, Al Saati T, Brousset P, Offer C, Delsol G, Meggetto F. Source: The Journal of General Virology. 2001 May; 82(Pt 5): 1169-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11297691&dopt=Abstract

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Detection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in peripheral blood of paediatric patients with Hodgkin's disease by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Author(s): Wagner HJ, Schlager F, Claviez A, Bucsky P. Source: European Journal of Cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). 2001 October; 37(15): 18537. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11576839&dopt=Abstract

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Detection of Epstein-Barr virus in archival Hodgkin's disease specimens. Author(s): Flavell KJ, Linford JA, Flavell JR, Murray PG, Young LS, Scott K. Source: Molecular Pathology : Mp. 2000 June; 53(3): 162. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10897338&dopt=Abstract

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Diagnostic and therapeutic quandaries in primary manifestation of Hodgkin's disease in the central nervous system. Author(s): Kalinka E, Robak T, Wrzesien-Kus A, Krykowski E, Warzocha K. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2002 May; 81(5): 289-91. Epub 2002 April 05. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12029540&dopt=Abstract

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Differential expression of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) protein in the Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Reiman T, Clarke ML, Dabbagh L, Vsianska M, Coupland RW, Belch AR, Baldwin SA, Young JD, Cass CE, Mackey JR. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2002 July; 43(7): 1435-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12389626&dopt=Abstract

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Differential expression of sialyl and non-sialyl-CD15 antigens on Hodgkin-ReedSternberg cells: significance in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Benharroch D, Dima E, Levy A, Ohana-Malka O, Ariad S, Prinsloo I, Mejirovsky E, Sacks M, Gopas J. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2000 September; 39(1-2): 185-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10975398&dopt=Abstract

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Differential expression of thymus and activation regulated chemokine and its receptor CCR4 in nodal and cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Vermeer MH, Dukers DF, ten Berge RL, Bloemena E, Wu L, Vos W, de Vries E, Tensen CP, Meijer CJ, Willemze R. Source: Modern Pathology : an Official Journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc. 2002 August; 15(8): 838-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12181269&dopt=Abstract

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Direct-antiglobulin-test-negative immune haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia in a patient with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Kondo H, Oyamada T, Mori A, Sumi H, Kurosu K, Kajii E, Mikata A. Source: Acta Haematologica. 2001; 105(4): 233-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11528097&dopt=Abstract

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Discrepancies in Epstein-Barr virus association at presentation and relapse of classical Hodgkin's disease: impact on pathogenesis. Author(s): Nerurkar AY, Vijayan P, Srinivas V, Soman CS, Dinshaw KA, Advani SH, Magrath I, Bhatia K, Naresh KN. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2000 April; 11(4): 475-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10847469&dopt=Abstract

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Discrete epithelioid cells: useful clue to Hodgkin's disease cytodiagnosis. Author(s): Iyengar KR, Mutha S. Source: Diagnostic Cytopathology. 2002 March; 26(3): 142-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11892016&dopt=Abstract

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Disseminated infection of the digestive tract caused by cytomegalic virus in a patient with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Becheanu G, Stoia R, Gheorghe C, Stamm B. Source: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. 2001 October-December; 5(4): 436-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12067479&dopt=Abstract

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Do children with Hodgkin's disease have a better prognosis than adults? Application of a generalised linear model to a systematic review of published results. Author(s): Franklin J. Source: Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. 2000; 77: 18-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11187537&dopt=Abstract

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Does bulky disease at diagnosis influence outcome in childhood Hodgkin's disease and require higher radiation doses? Results from the German-Austrian Pediatric Multicenter Trial DAL-HD-90. Author(s): Dieckmann K, Potter R, Hofmann J, Heinzl H, Wagner W, Schellong G; Pediatric Cooperative Hodgkin Disease Study Group of the GPOH. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2003 July 1; 56(3): 644-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12788169&dopt=Abstract

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Does radiotherapy have to justify its use in Hodgkin's disease? Author(s): Gonzalez-San Segundo C, Santos-Miranda JA. Source: Acta Oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). 2001; 40(1): 108-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11321653&dopt=Abstract

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Dorothy Reed and Hodgkin's disease: a reflection after a century. Author(s): Zwitter M, Cohen JR, Barrett A, Robinton ED. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2002 June 1; 53(2): 366-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12023141&dopt=Abstract

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Dose intensification with autologous stem cell transplantation in relapsed and resistant Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Anselmo AP, Cavalieri E, Meloni G, Alimena G, Cantonetti M, Maurizi Enrici R, Tosti ME, Falchetto Osti M, Gianfelici V, Mandelli F. Source: Haematologica. 2002 May; 87(5): 507-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12010664&dopt=Abstract

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Early detection of relapse by whole-body positron emission tomography in the follow-up of patients with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Jerusalem G, Beguin Y, Fassotte MF, Belhocine T, Hustinx R, Rigo P, Fillet G. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2003 January; 14(1): 123-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12488304&dopt=Abstract

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Early lymphocyte recovery post-autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is associated with better survival in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Porrata LF, Inwards DJ, Micallef IN, Ansell SM, Geyer SM, Markovic SN. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 June; 117(3): 629-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12028034&dopt=Abstract

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Early response to chemotherapy: a surrogate for final outcome of Hodgkin's disease patients that should influence initial treatment length and intensity? Author(s): Carde P, Koscielny S, Franklin J, Axdorph U, Raemaekers J, Diehl V, Aleman B, Brosteanu O, Hasenclever D, Oberlin O, Bonvin N, Bjorkholm M. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2002; 13 Suppl 1: 86-91. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12078910&dopt=Abstract

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EBV-associated Hodgkin's disease in an HIV-infected child presenting with a hemophagocytic syndrome. Author(s): Preciado MV, De Matteo E, Fallo A, Chabay P, Drelichman G, Grinstein S. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2001 June; 42(1-2): 231-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11699213&dopt=Abstract

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Editorial comment on detection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in peripheral blood of paediatric patients with Hodgkin's disease by real-time polymerase chain reaction by Wagner and colleagues. Author(s): Magrath I. Source: European Journal of Cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). 2001 October; 37(15): 18125. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11576832&dopt=Abstract

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Editorial comment: Hodgkin's disease in the setting of HIV. Author(s): Aboulafia DM. Source: Aids Read. 1999 March-April; 9(2): 132-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12728897&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of an intensive chemotherapy followed by mediastinal irradiation on pulmonary and cardiac function in advanced Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Villani F, Fede Catania A, Laffranchi A, Maffioli L, Viviani S, Bonfante V. Source: Cancer Investigation. 2003 April; 21(2): 185-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12743983&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of adenovirus-mediated expression of p27Kip1, p21Waf1 and p16INK4A in cell lines derived from t(2;5) anaplastic large cell lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Turturro F, Arnold MD, Frist AY, Seth P. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2002 June; 43(6): 1323-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12153002&dopt=Abstract

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Efficacy and toxicity of a CCNU-containing high-dose chemotherapy regimen followed by autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Stuart MJ, Chao NS, Horning SJ, Wong RM, Negrin RS, Johnston LJ, Shizuru JA, Long GD, Blume KG, Stockerl-Goldstein KE. Source: Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 2001; 7(10): 552-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11760087&dopt=Abstract

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Epidemiological surveillance of pediatric Hodgkin's disease in southern Iran. Author(s): Karimi M, Yarmohammadi H, Ghavanini AA, Kumar PV. Source: Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research. 2002 August; 8(8): Cr572-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12165744&dopt=Abstract

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Epidural involvement in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Illes A, Miltenyi Z, Miltenyi L, Csecsei G, Szegedi G. Source: Haematologia. 2002; 32(2): 113-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12412730&dopt=Abstract

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Epstein-Barr virus-associated hodgkin's disease in a patient with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Author(s): Sasahara Y, Fujie H, Kumaki S, Ohashi Y, Minegishi M, Tsuchiya S. Source: Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). 2001 November; 90(11): 1348-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11808913&dopt=Abstract

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Epstein-barr virus-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of B-cell origin, Hodgkin's disease, acute leukemia, and systemic lupus erythematosus: a serologic and molecular analysis. Author(s): Mitarnun W, Pradutkanchana J, Takao S, Saechan V, Suwiwat S, Ishida T. Source: J Med Assoc Thai. 2002 May; 85(5): 552-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12188384&dopt=Abstract

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Epstein-Barr virus-latent membrane protein 1 expression has a favorable influence in the outcome of patients with Hodgkin's Disease treated with chemotherapy. Author(s): Montalban C, Abraira V, Morente M, Acevedo A, Aguilera B, Bellas C, Fraga M, Del Moral RG, Menarguez J, Oliva H, Sanchez-Beato M, Piris MA. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2000 November; 39(5-6): 563-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11342339&dopt=Abstract

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Erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) in the treatment of anemia of nodular sclerosis type Hodgkin's disease--a preliminary report. Author(s): Wojtukiewicz MZ, Sawicki Z, Radziwon P. Source: Rocz Akad Med Bialymst. 2000; 45: 145-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11712426&dopt=Abstract

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Exposure to animals and selected risk factors among Canadian farm residents with Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, or soft tissue sarcoma. Author(s): Pahwa P, McDuffie HH, Dosman JA, Robson D, McLaughlin JR, Spinelli JJ, Fincham S. Source: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2003 August; 45(8): 857-68. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12915787&dopt=Abstract

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Expression of SH2D1A in five classical Hodgkin's disease-derived cell lines. Author(s): Kis LL, Nagy N, Klein G, Klein E. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 2003 May 1; 104(5): 658-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12594824&dopt=Abstract

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Expression of the signal transduction molecule zeta in peripheral and tumourassociated lymphocytes in Hodgkin's disease in relation to the Epstein-Barr virus status of the tumour cells. Author(s): Sjoberg J, Andersson M, Garcia C, Palucka KA, Bjorkholm M, PorwitMacDonald A, Pisa P. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 March; 116(4): 765-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11886379&dopt=Abstract

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Expression pattern of MUM1/IRF4 in the spectrum of pathology of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Carbone A, Gloghini A, Aldinucci D, Gattei V, Dalla-Favera R, Gaidano G. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 May; 117(2): 366-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11972519&dopt=Abstract

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Extraintestinal Hodgkin's disease in a patient with Crohn's disease. Author(s): Calvo-Villas JM, Ramirez Sanchez MJ, Cuesta Tovar J, Garcia C. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 2003 June; 96(6): 632. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12938798&dopt=Abstract

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F-18 FDG versus Ga-67 for detecting splenic involvement in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Rini JN, Manalili EY, Hoffman MA, Karayalcin G, Mehrotra B, Tomas MB, Palestro CJ. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2002 August; 27(8): 572-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12170002&dopt=Abstract

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Familial Hodgkin's disease in two siblings. Author(s): Thavaraj V, Kumar R, Arya LS. Source: Indian Pediatrics. 2002 January; 39(1): 79-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11805358&dopt=Abstract

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Fatal septicemia and meningitis due to Morganella morganii in a patient with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Samonis G, Anatoliotaki M, Apostolakou H, Souglakos J, Georgoulias V. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2001; 33(7): 553-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11515771&dopt=Abstract

82

Hodgkin’s Disease

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Fatigue and psychiatric morbidity among Hodgkin's disease survivors. Author(s): Loge JH, Abrahamsen AF, Ekeberg, Kaasa S. Source: Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2000 February; 19(2): 91-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10699536&dopt=Abstract

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Feasibility of tandem autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) in induction failure or very unfavorable (UF) relapse from Hodgkin's disease (HD). SFGM/GELA Study Group. Author(s): Brice P, Divine M, Simon D, Coiffier B, Leblond V, Simon M, Voilat L, Devidas A, Morschhauser F, Rohrlich P, Andre M, Lepage E, Ferme C. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1999 December; 10(12): 1485-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10643540&dopt=Abstract

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Fertility after treatment for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Blumenfeld Z, Dann E, Avivi I, Epelbaum R, Rowe JM. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2002; 13 Suppl 1: 138-47. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12078896&dopt=Abstract

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Fifteen-year secondary leukaemia risk observed in 761 patients with Hodgkin's disease prospectively treated by MOPP or ABVD chemotherapy plus high-dose irradiation. Author(s): Delwail V, Jais JP, Colonna P, Andrieu JM. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 July; 118(1): 189-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12100147&dopt=Abstract

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Fine needle aspiration in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Oertel YC. Source: Acta Cytol. 2002 May-June; 46(3): 617. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12040667&dopt=Abstract

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Fludarabine phosphate as an active and well tolerated salvage therapy in an elderly heavily pretreated Hodgkin's disease patient: a case report. Author(s): Bordonaro R, Ferrau F, Giuffrida D, Cali S, Priolo D, Colina P, Ursino M, Failla G. Source: Tumori. 1999 July-August; 85(4): 288-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10587034&dopt=Abstract

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Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, gallium-67 scintigraphy, and conventional staging for Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Wirth A, Seymour JF, Hicks RJ, Ware R, Fisher R, Prince M, MacManus MP, Ryan G, Januszewicz H, Wolf M. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 2002 March; 112(4): 262-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11893364&dopt=Abstract

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Focal pulmonary uptake of gallium-67 due to radiation pneumonitis: the case for a misdiagnosis of Hodgkin's disease progression. Author(s): Ruiz-Hernandez G, Gutierrez AM, Rodriguez J, Ferrer-Albiach E, MateoNavarro A, Garcia-Conde J. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2001 November-December; 42(6): 1429-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11911431&dopt=Abstract

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Follow-up of Hodgkin's disease. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria. Author(s): Deming RL, Constine LS, Elman AJ, Hoppe RT, Mauch PM, Dosoretz DE, Pistenmaa DA, Prosnitz LR, Wolkov HB, Yahalom J, Chauvenet A, Connors JM, Glick JH, Leibel S. Source: Radiology. 2000 June; 215 Suppl: 1269-79. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11037546&dopt=Abstract

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Follow-up of patients with Hodgkin's disease following curative treatment: the routine CT scan is of little value. Author(s): Dryver ET, Jernstrom H, Tompkins K, Buckstein R, Imrie KR. Source: British Journal of Cancer. 2003 August 4; 89(3): 482-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12888816&dopt=Abstract

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Fractionated radiolabeled antiferritin therapy for patients with recurrent Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Vriesendorp HM, Quadri SM, Wyllie CT, Lai J, Borchardt PE, Harris L, Wucher R, Askew E, Schweichler L. Source: Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. 1999 October; 5(10 Suppl): 3324S-3329S. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10541381&dopt=Abstract

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Frequent expression of the B-cell-specific activator protein in Reed-Sternberg cells of classical Hodgkin's disease provides further evidence for its B-cell origin. Author(s): Foss HD, Reusch R, Demel G, Lenz G, Anagnostopoulos I, Hummel M, Stein H. Source: Blood. 1999 November 1; 94(9): 3108-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10556196&dopt=Abstract

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From chronic lymphocytic leukemia to Hodgkin's disease: a case of prognostically favorable transformation. Author(s): Zinzani PL, Tani M, Stefoni V, Piccaluga PP, Baccarani M, Ascani S, Pileri S. Source: Leukemia Research. 2002 August; 26(8): 775-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12191574&dopt=Abstract

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Front-line high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation for high risk Hodgkin's disease: comparison with combined-modality therapy. Author(s): Vigouroux S, Milpied N, Andrieu JM, Colonna P, Ifrah N, Colombat P, Desablens B, Abgrall JF, Casassus P, Guilhot F, Briere J, Le Mevel A, Moreau P, Mechinaud F, Mahe B, Morineau N, Vigier M, Rapp MJ, Harousseau JL. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2002 May; 29(10): 833-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12058233&dopt=Abstract

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Fulminant hepatic failure as a presenting paraneoplastic manifestation of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Dourakis SP, Tzemanakis E, Deutsch M, Kafiri G, Hadziyannis SJ. Source: European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 1999 September; 11(9): 1055-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10503847&dopt=Abstract

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Fulminant hepatic failure caused by adenovirus infection following bone marrow transplantation for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Somervaille TC, Kirk S, Dogan A, Landon GV, Mackinnon S. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 1999 July; 24(1): 99-101. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10435743&dopt=Abstract

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Further investigation of the role of HLA-DPB1 in adult Hodgkin's disease (HD) suggests an influence on susceptibility to different HD subtypes. Author(s): Taylor GM, Gokhale DA, Crowther D, Woll PJ, Harris M, Ryder D, Ayres M, Radford JA. Source: British Journal of Cancer. 1999 July; 80(9): 1405-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10424743&dopt=Abstract

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Ga-67-avid massive cellulitis within a chronic lymphedematous limb in a survivor of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Suga K, Ariga M, Motoyama K, Hara A, Kume N, Matsunaga N. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2001 September; 26(9): 791-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11507304&dopt=Abstract

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Gallium positivity in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Patterson K, Bomanji J. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2000 May; 109(2): 257. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10848809&dopt=Abstract

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Gallium scan in adolescents and children with Hodgkin's disease (HD). Treatment response assessment and prognostic value. Author(s): Castellani MR, Cefalo G, Terenziani M, Aliberti G, Maccauro M, Alessi A, Villano C, Bombardieri E. Source: Q J Nucl Med. 2003 March; 47(1): 22-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12714951&dopt=Abstract

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Gallium scans in the management of patients with Hodgkin's disease: a study of 101 patients. Author(s): Salloum E, Brandt DS, Caride VJ, Cornelius E, Zelterman D, Schubert W, Mannino T, Cooper DL. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1997 February; 15(2): 518-27. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9053473&dopt=Abstract

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Gallium-67 scintigraphy in the management: Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Rehm PK. Source: Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals. 1999 August; 14(4): 251-62. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10850311&dopt=Abstract

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Gastric Hodgkin's disease presenting with radiological appearance of linitis plastica. Author(s): Ozyilkan O, Ozyilkan E. Source: The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 1999 December; 94(12): 3661-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10606350&dopt=Abstract

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Gastrointestinal cancer after treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Birdwell SH, Hancock SL, Varghese A, Cox RS, Hoppe RT. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 1997 January 1; 37(1): 67-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9054878&dopt=Abstract

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G-CSF (filgrastim) as an adjunct to MOPP/ABVD therapy in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Gustavsson A. Source: Acta Oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). 1997; 36(5): 483-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9292744&dopt=Abstract

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Gemcitabine in the treatment of refractory Hodgkin's disease: results of a multicenter phase II study. Author(s): Santoro A, Bredenfeld H, Devizzi L, Tesch H, Bonfante V, Viviani S, Fiedler F, Parra HS, Benoehr C, Pacini M, Bonadonna G, Diehl V. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2000 July; 18(13): 2615-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10893294&dopt=Abstract

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Gemcitabine is active in relapsed Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Lucas JB, Horwitz SM, Horning SJ, Sayegh A. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1999 August; 17(8): 2627-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10561333&dopt=Abstract

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Gene expression profiling defines molecular subtypes of classical Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Devilard E, Bertucci F, Trempat P, Bouabdallah R, Loriod B, Giaconia A, Brousset P, Granjeaud S, Nguyen C, Birnbaum D, Birg F, Houlgatte R, Xerri L. Source: Oncogene. 2002 May 2; 21(19): 3095-102. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12082542&dopt=Abstract

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Genetic susceptibility to Hodgkin's disease and secondary neoplasias: FISH analysis reveals patients at high risk of developing secondary neoplasia. Author(s): Lillington DM, Micallef IN, Carpenter E, Neat MJ, Amess JA, Matthews J, Foot NJ, Lister TA, Young BD, Rohatiner AZ. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2002; 13 Suppl 1: 40-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12078901&dopt=Abstract

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Genomic instability and recurrent breakpoints are main cytogenetic findings in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Falzetti D, Crescenzi B, Matteuci C, Falini B, Martelli MF, Van Den Berghe H, Mecucci C. Source: Haematologica. 1999 April; 84(4): 298-305. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10190942&dopt=Abstract

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Genotoxic effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on circulating lymphocytes in patients with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Bilban-Jakopin C, Bilban M. Source: Mutation Research. 2001 October 18; 497(1-2): 81-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11525910&dopt=Abstract

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Geriatrics photo quiz. Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Ross JS, Shua-Haim JR. Source: Geriatrics. 2000 April; 55(4): 22, 66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10771698&dopt=Abstract

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Gluteal manifestation of advanced Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Ariad S, Hatskelzon L, Benharroch D, Geffen DB. Source: Skeletal Radiology. 1997 October; 26(10): 622-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9361361&dopt=Abstract

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Gonadal function following ABVD therapy for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Kulkarni SS, Sastry PS, Saikia TK, Parikh PM, Gopal R, Advani SH. Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology : the Official Publication of the American Radium Society. 1997 August; 20(4): 354-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9256888&dopt=Abstract

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Granuloma annulare associated with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Setoyama M, Kerdel FA, Byrnes JJ, Kanzaki T. Source: International Journal of Dermatology. 1997 June; 36(6): 445-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9248891&dopt=Abstract

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Granulomatous reaction after chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Paydas S, Yavuz S, Disel U, Zeren H, Hasturk S, Hanta I, Ergin M, Sahin B. Source: Leukemia Research. 2002 October; 26(10): 967-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12163060&dopt=Abstract

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Greater curability in advanced Hodgkin's disease? Author(s): Portlock CS. Source: Cancer J Sci Am. 1999 September-October; 5(5): 264-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10526665&dopt=Abstract

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Haematoxylin and eosin staining in the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease in Uganda. Author(s): Tumwine LK, Wabinga H, Odida M. Source: East Afr Med J. 2003 March; 80(3): 119-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12762425&dopt=Abstract

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Health status and quality of life in patients with early-stage Hodgkin's disease treated on Southwest Oncology Group Study 9133. Author(s): Ganz PA, Moinpour CM, Pauler DK, Kornblith AB, Gaynor ER, Balcerzak SP, Gatti GS, Erba HP, McCoy S, Press OW, Fisher RI. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 September 15; 21(18): 3512-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12972528&dopt=Abstract

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Hematologic malignancies with extramedullary spread of disease. Case 3. Extra-nodal Hodgkin's disease presenting as rapidly progressive liver failure. Author(s): Olnes M, Alli P, Freedman A, Auster M, Erlich R. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 May 1; 21(9): 1890-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12721270&dopt=Abstract

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Hemophagocytic syndrome as the primary clinical symptom of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Kojima H, Takei N, Mukai Y, Hasegawa Y, Suzukawa K, Nagata M, Noguchi M, Mori N, Nagasawa T. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2003 January; 82(1): 53-6. Epub 2002 November 29. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12574967&dopt=Abstract

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High international prognostic score predicts a worse outcome for patients with Hodgkin's disease and HIV infection: results of a prospective study with Stanford V regimen. Author(s): Spina M, Re A, Vaccher E, Gabarre J, Tirelli U. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2003 April; 14(4): 655-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12649116&dopt=Abstract

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High-dose therapy with autologous transplantation for Hodgkin's disease: the Bologna experience. Author(s): Zinzani PL, Tani M, Gabriele A, Gherlinzoni F, de Vivo A, Ricci P, Bandini G, Lemoli RM, Motta MR, Rizzi S, Giudice V, Zompatori M, Stefoni V, Alinari L, Musuraca G, Bassi S, Conte R, Pileri S, Tura S, Baccarani M. Source: Haematologica. 2003 May; 88(5): 522-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12745271&dopt=Abstract

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HIV-associated Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Cheung TW, Arai S. Source: Aids Read. 1999 March-April; 9(2): 131-7. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12728896&dopt=Abstract

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HIV-related Hodgkin's disease with central nervous system involvement and association with Epstein-Barr virus. Author(s): Massarweh S, Udden MM, Shahab I, Kroll M, Sears DA, Lynch GR, Teh BS, Lu HH. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 2003 March; 72(3): 216-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12605396&dopt=Abstract

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Hodgkin's disease and scleroderma. Author(s): Duggal L, Gupta S, Aggarwal PK, Sachar VP, Bhalla S. Source: J Assoc Physicians India. 2002 September; 50: 1186-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12516708&dopt=Abstract

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Hodgkin's disease etiology and novel viruses: clues from groups exposed to blood products. Author(s): Glaser SL, Clarke CA, Darrow LA. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 2003 May 10; 104(6): 796-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12640690&dopt=Abstract

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Hodgkin's disease in elderly patients (> or =60): clinical outcome and treatment strategies. Author(s): Kim HK, Silver B, Li S, Neuberg D, Mauch P. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2003 June 1; 56(2): 556-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12738333&dopt=Abstract

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Hodgkin's disease in the elderly: a population-based study. Author(s): Stark GL, Wood KM, Jack F, Angus B, Proctor SJ, Taylor PR; Northern Region Lymphoma Group. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 November; 119(2): 432-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12406082&dopt=Abstract

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Hodgkin's disease in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Author(s): Calza L, Manfredi R, Colangeli V, Dentale N, Chiodo F. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2003; 35(2): 136-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12693568&dopt=Abstract

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Hodgkin's disease involving the large bowel. Author(s): Zemsky L, Katz H, Edelman M, Makower D. Source: Clinical Colorectal Cancer. 2001 November; 1(3): 185-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12450436&dopt=Abstract

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Hodgkin's disease of bone marrow masquerading as a heavy plasma cell infiltration and fibrosis. Author(s): Joshi A, Aqel NM. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2003 August; 122(3): 343. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12877660&dopt=Abstract

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Hodgkin's disease: a model for interdisciplinary cancer management: 2002 Janeway lecture. Author(s): Hoppe RT. Source: Cancer Journal (Sudbury, Mass.). 2002 November-December; 8(6): 425-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12500848&dopt=Abstract

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Hodgkin's disease: treatment of relapsed disease. Author(s): Cavalli FG. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2002; 13 Suppl 4: 159-62. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12401683&dopt=Abstract

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Hodgkin's disease--clinical trials and travails. Author(s): DeVita VT Jr. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 2003 June 12; 348(24): 2375-6. Erratum In: N Engl J Med. 2003 July 10; 349(2): 202. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12802021&dopt=Abstract

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How do we define Hodgkin's disease? The authors' reply. Author(s): Pileri SA, Sabattini E, Ascani S, Zinzani PL, Falini B. Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2003 February; 56(2): 159. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12560404&dopt=Abstract

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Hypothyroidism and thyroiditis after therapy for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Illes A, Biro E, Miltenyi Z, Keresztes K, Varoczy L, Andras C, Sipka S, Bako G. Source: Acta Haematologica. 2003; 109(1): 11-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12486317&dopt=Abstract

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Identification of factors associated with poor peripheral blood progenitor cell mobilization in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Canales MA, Fernandez-Jimenez MC, Martin A, Arrieta R, Caballero MD, Diez J, Quevedo E, Garcia-Bustos J, San Miguel JF, Hernandez-Navarro F. Source: Haematologica. 2001 May; 86(5): 494-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11410412&dopt=Abstract

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Ifosfamide, epirubicin and etoposide (IEV) in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease: the Italian experience. Author(s): Zinzani PL. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2003; 14 Suppl 1: I43-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12736231&dopt=Abstract

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Immunohistochemical detection of CD30 remains negative in nodular lymphocytepredominant Hodgkin's disease using enhanced antigen retrieval. Author(s): Roberts C, Jack F, Angus B, Reid A, Thompson WD. Source: Histopathology. 2002 February; 40(2): 166-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11952861&dopt=Abstract

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Immunosuppressive non-myeloablative allografting as salvage therapy in advanced Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Carella AM, Beltrami G, Carella M Jr, Corsetti MT, Scalzulli RP, Greco M. Source: Haematologica. 2001 November; 86(11): 1121-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11694399&dopt=Abstract

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Immunotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Rooney CM, Bollard C, Huls MH, Gahn B, Gottschalk S, Wagner HJ, Anderson R, Prentice HG, Brenner MK, Heslop HE. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2002; 81 Suppl 2: S39-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12611071&dopt=Abstract

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Immunotherapy shows promise in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Stephenson J. Source: The Lancet Oncology. 2001 June; 2(6): 329. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11905746&dopt=Abstract

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Incidence of Hodgkin's disease in Nordic countries. Author(s): Hjalgrim H, Askling J, Pukkala E, Hansen S, Munksgaard L, Frisch M. Source: Lancet. 2001 July 28; 358(9278): 297-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11498219&dopt=Abstract

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Incidence of post transplant myelodysplasia/acute leukemia in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients compared with Hodgkin's disease patients undergoing autologous transplantation following cyclophosphamide, carmustine, and etoposide (CBV). Author(s): Wheeler C, Khurshid A, Ibrahim J, Elias A, Mauch P, Ault K, Antin J. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2001 February; 40(5-6): 499-509. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11426523&dopt=Abstract

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Intensified ABVP chemotherapy for the primary treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Spector N, Costa MA, Morais JC, Biasoli I, Solza C, De Fatima Gaui M, Ferreira CG, Portugal RD, Loureiro M, Nucci M, Pulcheri W. Source: Oncol Rep. 2002 March-April; 9(2): 439-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11836623&dopt=Abstract

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Intensive salvage therapy with high-dose chemotherapy for patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease in relapse or failure after initial chemotherapy: results of the Groupe d'Etudes des Lymphomes de l'Adulte H89 Trial. Author(s): Ferme C, Mounier N, Divine M, Brice P, Stamatoullas A, Reman O, Voillat L, Jaubert J, Lederlin P, Colin P, Berger F, Salles G. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 January 15; 20(2): 467-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11786576&dopt=Abstract

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Interleukin 6 expression by Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells is associated with the presence of 'B' symptoms and failure to achieve complete remission in patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Reynolds GM, Billingham LJ, Gray LJ, Flavell JR, Najafipour S, Crocker J, Nelson P, Young LS, Murray PG. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 July; 118(1): 195-201. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12100148&dopt=Abstract

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Interleukin-13 and interleukin-13 receptor in Hodgkin's disease: possible autocrine mechanism and involvement in fibrosis. Author(s): Ohshima K, Akaiwa M, Umeshita R, Suzumiya J, Izuhara K, Kikuchi M. Source: Histopathology. 2001 April; 38(4): 368-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11318902&dopt=Abstract

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Interleukin-3 receptors in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Bosshart H. Source: American Journal of Pathology. 2003 January; 162(1): 355-6; Author Reply 356-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12507919&dopt=Abstract

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Interventions for early stage Hodgkin's disease in children. Author(s): Louw G, Pinkerton CR. Source: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002; (3): Cd002035. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12137640&dopt=Abstract

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Intracellular bacteria in Hodgkin's disease and sclerosing mediastinal B-cell lymphoma: sign of a bacterial etiology? Author(s): Sauter C, Kurrer MO. Source: Swiss Medical Weekly : Official Journal of the Swiss Society of Infectious Diseases, the Swiss Society of Internal Medicine, the Swiss Society of Pneumology. 2002 June 15; 132(23-24): 312-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12362281&dopt=Abstract

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Is escalated BEACOPP a standard therapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease? Author(s): Carde P, Cavalli F, Diehl V, Franklin J. Source: The Hematology Journal : the Official Journal of the European Haematology Association / Eha. 2000; 1(4): 282-90. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11920203&dopt=Abstract

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Is it wise to eliminate lymphography from the staging of Hodgkin's disease? Author(s): Guermazi A. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2001 August; 42(4): 655-60. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11697494&dopt=Abstract

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Is there an association between total-body irradiation and secondary acute myelogenous leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome in patients with relapsed/refractory Hodgkin's disease treated with autologous stem-cell transplantation? Author(s): Fung HC, Nademanee AP, Bhatia S, Forman SJ. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2001 August 1; 19(15): 3585-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11481369&dopt=Abstract

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Isolated parenchymal lung involvement in children with stage IV Hodgkin's disease: results of the UKCCSG HD8201 and HD9201 studies. Author(s): Atra A, Higgs E, Capra M, Elsworth A, Imeson J, Radford M, Pinkerton R, Hewitt M; United Kingdom Children Cancer Study Group (UKCCSG)/Hodgkin's Disease Group. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 November; 119(2): 441-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12406083&dopt=Abstract

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Isolated, primary extranodal Hodgkin's disease of the spine: case report. Author(s): Citow JS, Rini B, Wollmann R, Macdonald RL. Source: Neurosurgery. 2001 August; 49(2): 453-6; Discussion 456-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11504124&dopt=Abstract

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January 2001: A 37 year old man with a history of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Brown HG, Whiting DM, Prostko ER, Fox KR, Zhang J. Source: Brain Pathology (Zurich, Switzerland). 2001 July; 11(3): 387-8; 393. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11414479&dopt=Abstract

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Kaposi sarcoma after treatment of Hodgkin's disease in a young adult non-AIDS patient: case report and review. Author(s): Deutsch M, Jacobs SA. Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology : the Official Publication of the American Radium Society. 2000 February; 23(1): 26-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10683069&dopt=Abstract

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Karyotypic dissection of Hodgkin's disease cell lines reveals ectopic subtelomeres and ribosomal DNA at sites of multiple jumping translocations and genomic amplification. Author(s): MacLeod RA, Spitzer D, Bar-Am I, Sylvester JE, Kaufmann M, Wernich A, Drexler HG. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 2000 October; 14(10): 1803-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11021756&dopt=Abstract

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Laboratory diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease: what are the challenges? Author(s): Muchiri L. Source: East Afr Med J. 2003 March; 80(3): 117-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12762424&dopt=Abstract

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Lack of platelet aggregation abnormality in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Kaptan K, Beyan C, Ozturk B, Cetin T, Ural AU, Avcu F, Ustun C, Yalcin A. Source: Haematologia. 2002; 31(4): 357-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12038520&dopt=Abstract

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Leucocyte-specific protein (LSP1) in malignant lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Marafioti T, Jabri L, Pulford K, Brousset P, Mason DY, Delsol G. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2003 February; 120(4): 671-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12588355&dopt=Abstract

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Long-term cause-specific mortality of patients treated for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Aleman BM, van den Belt-Dusebout AW, Klokman WJ, Van't Veer MB, Bartelink H, van Leeuwen FE. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 September 15; 21(18): 3431-9. Epub 2003 July 28. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12885835&dopt=Abstract

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Long-term follow-up of Hodgkin's disease trial. Author(s): Canellos GP, Niedzwiecki D. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 2002 May 2; 346(18): 1417-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11986425&dopt=Abstract

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Long-term results of conventional-dose salvage chemotherapy in patients with refractory and relapsed Hodgkin's disease (Croatian experience). Author(s): Radman I, Basic N, Labar B, Kovacevic J, Aurer I, Bogdanic V, ZupancicSalek S, Nemet D, Jakic-Razumovic J, Mrsic M, Santek F, Grgic-Markulin L, Boban D. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2002 October; 13(10): 1650-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12377656&dopt=Abstract

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Long-term risk of second malignancy after treatment of Hodgkin's disease: the influence of treatment, age and follow-up time. Author(s): Foss Abrahamsen A, Andersen A, Nome O, Jacobsen AB, Holte H, Foss Abrahamsen J, Kvaloy S. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2002 November; 13(11): 1786-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12419752&dopt=Abstract

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Lung cancer after treatment for Hodgkin's disease: focus on radiation effects. Author(s): Gilbert ES, Stovall M, Gospodarowicz M, Van Leeuwen FE, Andersson M, Glimelius B, Joensuu T, Lynch CF, Curtis RE, Holowaty E, Storm H, Pukkala E, van't Veer MB, Fraumeni JF, Boice JD Jr, Clarke EA, Travis LB. Source: Radiation Research. 2003 February; 159(2): 161-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12537521&dopt=Abstract

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Lung function and serum concentrations of different cytokines in patients submitted to radiotherapy and intermediate/high dose chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Villani F, Viola G, Vismara C, Laffranchi A, Di Russo A, Viviani S, Bonfante V. Source: Anticancer Res. 2002 July-August; 22(4): 2403-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12174934&dopt=Abstract

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Lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Ekstrand BC, Horning SJ. Source: Current Oncology Reports. 2002 September; 4(5): 424-33. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12162918&dopt=Abstract

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Lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease: more patience than patients. Author(s): Ekstrand BC, Horning SJ. Source: Cancer Journal (Sudbury, Mass.). 2002 September-October; 8(5): 367-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12416892&dopt=Abstract

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Male gonadal dysfunction in patients with Hodgkin's disease prior to treatment. Author(s): Rueffer U, Breuer K, Josting A, Lathan B, Sieber M, Manzke O, Grotenhermen FJ, Tesch H, Bredenfeld H, Koch P, Nisters-Backes H, Wolf J, Engert A, Diehl V. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2001 September; 12(9): 1307-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11697845&dopt=Abstract

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Mantle irradiation alone for pathologic stage I and II Hodgkin's disease: long-term follow-up and patterns of failure. Author(s): Liao Z, Ha CS, Vlachaki MT, Hagemeister F, Cabanillas F, Hess M, Tucker S, Cox JD. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2001 July 15; 50(4): 971-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11429225&dopt=Abstract

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Marked decrease in the Epstein-Barr virus positivity rate in nodular sclerosis subtype Hodgkin's disease in Tokyo: trend between 1955 and 1999. Author(s): Takeuchi K, Morishita Y, Fukayama M, Mori S. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2001 May; 113(2): 429-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11380410&dopt=Abstract

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Mast cells express functional CD30 ligand and are the predominant CD30L-positive cells in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Molin D, Fischer M, Xiang Z, Larsson U, Harvima I, Venge P, Nilsson K, Sundstrom C, Enblad G, Nilsson G. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2001 September; 114(3): 616-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11552987&dopt=Abstract

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Miller-Fisher syndrome and Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Rubio-Nazabal E, Marey-Lopez J, Torres-Carrete JP, Alvarez-Perez P, Rey Del Corral P. Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 2002 September; 73(3): 344. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12185180&dopt=Abstract

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Misleading Ga-67 uptake in a patient with Hodgkin's disease, mediastinal deviation, and pulmonary compression. Author(s): Stark P, Steinmetz A, Hefetz M, Hardoff R. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2002 December; 27(12): 898-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12607876&dopt=Abstract

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Mobilisation of peripheral blood stem cells with IVE and G-CSF improves CD34+ cell yields and engraftment in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): McQuaker I, Haynes A, Stainer C, Byrne J, Russell N. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 1999 October; 24(7): 715-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10516673&dopt=Abstract

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Molecular changes in second primary lung and breast cancers after therapy for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Behrens C, Travis LB, Wistuba II, Davis S, Maitra A, Clarke EA, Lynch CF, Glimelius B, Wiklund T, Tarone R, Gazdar AF. Source: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. 2000 October; 9(10): 1027-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11045784&dopt=Abstract

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Multiple cutaneous granular cell tumors in a child in remission for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): De Raeve L, Roseeuw D, Otten J. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2002 August; 47(2 Suppl): S180-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12140456&dopt=Abstract

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Multiple synchronous pigmented basal cell carcinomas following radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Stante M, Salvini C, De Giorgi V, Carli P. Source: International Journal of Dermatology. 2002 April; 41(4): 208-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12031028&dopt=Abstract

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Necrotizing glomerulonephritis associated with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Wolf G, Krenz I, Hegewisch-Becker S, Hossfeld DK, Helmchen U, Stahl RA. Source: Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 2001 January; 16(1): 187-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11209025&dopt=Abstract

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Nemaline myopathy: a possible late complication of Hodgkin's disease therapy. Author(s): Portlock CS, Boland P, Hays AP, Antonescu CR, Rosenblum MK. Source: Human Pathology. 2003 August; 34(8): 816-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14506646&dopt=Abstract

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Neuron-specific enolase (gamma enolase, gamma-gamma dimer) expression in Hodgkin's disease and large cell lymphomas. Author(s): Massarelli G, Onida GA, Piras MA, Marras V, Mura A, Tanda F. Source: Anticancer Res. 1999 September-October; 19(5B): 3933-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10628334&dopt=Abstract

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New concepts for relapsed Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Josting A, Raemakers JM, Diehl V, Engert A. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2002; 13 Suppl 1: 117-21. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12078892&dopt=Abstract

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New treatments for advanced Hodgkin's disease: an uphill fight beginning close to the top. Author(s): Canellos GP. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 February 1; 20(3): 607-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11821436&dopt=Abstract

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New treatments for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Glossmann JP, Josting A, Diehl V. Source: Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2002 August; 3(4): 283-90. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12074765&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after primary Hodgkin's disease in the German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group: incidence, treatment, and prognosis. Author(s): Rueffer U, Josting A, Franklin J, May M, Sieber M, Breuer K, Engert A, Diehl V; German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2001 April 1; 19(7): 2026-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11310450&dopt=Abstract

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NOVP chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease transiently induces sperm aneuploidies associated with the major clinical aneuploidy syndromes involving chromosomes X, Y, 18, and 21. Author(s): Frias S, Van Hummelen P, Meistrich ML, Lowe XR, Hagemeister FB, Shelby MD, Bishop JB, Wyrobek AJ. Source: Cancer Research. 2003 January 1; 63(1): 44-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12517776&dopt=Abstract

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Nuclear factor kappaB-dependent gene expression profiling of Hodgkin's disease tumor cells, pathogenetic significance, and link to constitutive signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a activity. Author(s): Hinz M, Lemke P, Anagnostopoulos I, Hacker C, Krappmann D, Mathas S, Dorken B, Zenke M, Stein H, Scheidereit C. Source: The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 2002 September 2; 196(5): 605-17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12208876&dopt=Abstract

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Nuclear transcription factor-kappaB in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Younes A, Garg A, Aggarwal BB. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2003 June; 44(6): 929-35. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12854890&dopt=Abstract

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Occurrence of a myocardial infarction in a 31-year-old woman with severe hypercholesterolemia (type IIA hyperlipidemia) three years after mantle irradiation for stage IIA Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Myers AM, Havranek E. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1998 February; 57(2): 180-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9462555&dopt=Abstract

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Occurrence of Hodgkin's disease and cutaneous B-cell lymphoma in the same patient: a report of two cases. Author(s): Servitje O, Marti RM, Estrach T, Palou J, Gallardo F, Limon A, Romagosa V. Source: Eur J Dermatol. 2000 January-February; 10(1): 43-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10694298&dopt=Abstract

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Oncogene expression in tumour cells of pediatric Hodgkin's disease in Argentina-correlation with Epstein Barr virus presence. Author(s): Preciado MV, Cristobal E, Menarguez J, Martinez Montero JC, Diez B, De Matteo E, Grinstein S. Source: Pathology, Research and Practice. 1998; 194(1): 25-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9542744&dopt=Abstract

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Optimizing combined modality therapy for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Prosnitz LR. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2003 January 1; 55(1): 1-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12504028&dopt=Abstract

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Outcome in Hodgkin's disease: a 20-year cohort of patients. Author(s): Ranaghan L, Markey GM, Morris TC. Source: Ulster Med J. 1998 November; 67(2): 91-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9885544&dopt=Abstract

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Outcome of secondary myeloid malignancy in Hodgkin's disease: the BNLI experience. Author(s): Harrison CN, Vaughan G, Devereux S, Linch DC. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 1998 August; 61(2): 109-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9714522&dopt=Abstract

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Outcomes of treatment of children and adolescents with recurrent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease with dexamethasone, etoposide, cisplatin, cytarabine, and l-asparaginase, maintenance chemotherapy, and transplantation: Children's Cancer Group Study CCG-5912. Author(s): Kobrinsky NL, Sposto R, Shah NR, Anderson JR, DeLaat C, Morse M, Warkentin P, Gilchrist GS, Cohen MD, Shina D, Meadows AT. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2001 May 1; 19(9): 2390-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11331317&dopt=Abstract

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Outpatient-based ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) chemotherapy in transplant-eligible patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Hertzberg MS, Crombie C, Benson W, Taper J, Gottlieb D, Bradstock KF. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2003; 14 Suppl 1: I11-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12736225&dopt=Abstract

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Ovarian tissue banking in patients with Hodgkin's disease: is it safe? Author(s): Meirow D, Ben Yehuda D, Prus D, Poliack A, Schenker JG, Rachmilewitz EA, Lewin A. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1998 June; 69(6): 996-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9627281&dopt=Abstract

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Ovarian transposition by laparoscopy before radiotherapy in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Classe JM, Mahe M, Moreau P, Rapp MJ, Maisonneuve H, Lemevel A, Bourdin S, Harousseau JL, Cuilliere JC. Source: Cancer. 1998 October 1; 83(7): 1420-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9762944&dopt=Abstract

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Partially successful treatment of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Hodgkin's disease: case report and literature review. Author(s): Adiga GU, Abebe L, Wiernik PH. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 2003 April; 72(4): 267-73. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12666139&dopt=Abstract

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Pediatric Hodgkin's disease--up, up, and beyond. Author(s): Donaldson SS. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2002 September 1; 54(1): 1-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12182968&dopt=Abstract

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Primary Hodgkin's disease of the nasopharynx: a rare but bona fide disease. Author(s): Abbes I, Mrad K, Sassi S, Jellouli M, Kochbati L, Maalej M, Ben Romdhane K. Source: Pathologica. 2002 December; 94(6): 314-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12540996&dopt=Abstract

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Primary systemic treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease with EVA (etoposide, vinblastine, doxorubicin): 10-year follow-up. Author(s): Canellos GP, Gollub J, Neuberg D, Mauch P, Shulman LN. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2003 February; 14(2): 268-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12562654&dopt=Abstract

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Primary treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Canellos GP. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2002; 13 Suppl 4: 153-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12401682&dopt=Abstract

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Prognostic factors for children with Hodgkin's disease treated with combinedmodality therapy. Author(s): Smith RS, Chen Q, Hudson MM, Link MP, Kun L, Weinstein H, Billett A, Marcus KJ, Tarbell NJ, Donaldson SS. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 May 15; 21(10): 2026-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12743158&dopt=Abstract

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Prognostic impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-related Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Ribera JM, Navarro JT, Oriol A, Lopez-Guillermo A, Sureda A, Abella E, Hernandez-Rivas JA, Xicoy B, Grau J, Batlle M, Feliu E. Source: Aids (London, England). 2002 September 27; 16(14): 1973-6. Erratum In: Aids. 2003 January 3; 17(1): 145. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12351963&dopt=Abstract

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Prognostic role of natural killer cells in pediatric mixed cellularity and nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Ortac R, Aktas S, Diniz G, Erbay A, Vergin C. Source: Anal Quant Cytol Histol. 2002 October; 24(5): 249-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12408556&dopt=Abstract

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Prognostic value of PET using 18F-FDG in Hodgkin's disease for posttreatment evaluation. Author(s): Guay C, Lepine M, Verreault J, Benard F. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 2003 August; 44(8): 1225-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12902411&dopt=Abstract

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Pseudomembranous tracheobronchial aspergillosis: a rare manifestation of invasive aspergillosis in a non-neutropenic patient with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Buchheidt D, Weiss A, Reiter S, Hartung G, Hehlmann R. Source: Mycoses. 2003 February; 46(1-2): 51-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12588484&dopt=Abstract

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Quality assurance: Hodgkin's disease and beyond. Author(s): Gogna K. Source: Australasian Radiology. 2000 November; 44(4): 367-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11103532&dopt=Abstract

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Quality of life and psychological well-being in Spanish long-term survivors of Hodgkin's disease: results of a controlled pilot study. Author(s): Gil-Fernandez J, Ramos C, Tamayo T, Tomas F, Figuera A, Arranz R, Martinez-Chamorro C, Fernandez-Ranada M. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2003 January; 82(1): 14-8. Epub 2002 December 19. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12574958&dopt=Abstract

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Quality of life assessment in Hodgkin's disease: a new comprehensive approach. First experiences from the EORTC/GELA and GHSG trials. EORTC Lymphoma Cooperative Group. Groupe D'Etude des Lymphomes de L'Adulte and German Hodgkin Study Group. Author(s): Flechtner H, Ruffer JU, Henry-Amar M, Mellink WA, Sieber M, Ferme C, Eghbali H, Josting A, Diehl V. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1998; 9 Suppl 5: S147-54. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9926255&dopt=Abstract

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Quality of life in survivors of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Norum J, Wist EA. Source: Quality of Life Research : an International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation. 1996 June; 5(3): 367-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8763805&dopt=Abstract

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Quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of cytokine profiles in Epstein-Barr virus-positive and -negative cases of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Dukers DF, Jaspars LH, Vos W, Oudejans JJ, Hayes D, Cillessen S, Middeldorp JM, Meijer CJ. Source: The Journal of Pathology. 2000 February; 190(2): 143-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10657011&dopt=Abstract

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Radiation therapy in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease--do you see what I see? Author(s): Longo DL. Source: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2003 July 2; 95(13): 928-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12837820&dopt=Abstract

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Radiotherapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Gupta T, Sanghavi V, Laskar S. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 2003 September 18; 349(12): 1187-8; Author Reply 1187-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=13679537&dopt=Abstract

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Randomized comparison of ABVD and MOPP/ABV hybrid for the treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease: report of an intergroup trial. Author(s): Duggan DB, Petroni GR, Johnson JL, Glick JH, Fisher RI, Connors JM, Canellos GP, Peterson BA. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 February 15; 21(4): 607-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12586796&dopt=Abstract

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Randomized comparison of low-dose involved-field radiotherapy and no radiotherapy for children with Hodgkin's disease who achieve a complete response to chemotherapy, by Nachman et al. Author(s): Ekert H, Ashley D. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 March 15; 21(6): 1192; Author Reply 1192. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12637492&dopt=Abstract

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Rare, late complications in a patient with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Illes A, Gergely L, Miltenyi Z, Keresztes K, Olvaszto S, Redl P, Danko K. Source: Haematologia. 2002; 32(4): 509-18. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12803127&dopt=Abstract

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Re: Doussis-Anagnostopoulou et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is expressed by neoplastic Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's disease. J Pathol 2002; 197: 677-683. Author(s): Agarwal B, Naresh KN. Source: The Journal of Pathology. 2003 October; 201(2): 334-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14517852&dopt=Abstract

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Re: Roles of radiation dose, chemotherapy, and hormonal factors in breast cancer following Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Narod S, Lubinski J. Source: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2003 October 15; 95(20): 1552. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14559880&dopt=Abstract

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Rearranged Epstein-Barr virus genome in Hodgkin's disease and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy: Swiss results. Author(s): Knecht H, Odermatt BF. Source: American Journal of Pathology. 2003 July; 163(1): 369-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12819043&dopt=Abstract

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Reproductive factors in Hodgkin's disease in women. Author(s): Glaser SL, Clarke CA, Nugent RA, Stearns CB, Dorfman RF. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2003 September 15; 158(6): 553-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12965881&dopt=Abstract

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Roles of radiation dose, chemotherapy, and hormonal factors in breast cancer following Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): van Leeuwen FE, Klokman WJ, Stovall M, Dahler EC, van't Veer MB, Noordijk EM, Crommelin MA, Aleman BM, Broeks A, Gospodarowicz M, Travis LB, Russell NS. Source: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2003 July 2; 95(13): 971-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12837833&dopt=Abstract

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Sacroiliitis as a manifestation of Hodgkin's disease in young females. Author(s): Saviola G, Abdi Ali L, Trentanni C, Notarangelo LD, Desiati F, Lupi E, Pontikaki I, Gerloni V. Source: Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2003 March-April; 21(2): 270. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12747293&dopt=Abstract

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Sarcoidosis and sarcoid-like reaction following Hodgkin's disease. Report of two cases. Author(s): de Hemricourt E, De Boeck K, Hilte F, Abib A, Kockx M, Vandevivere J, De Bock R. Source: Molecular Imaging and Biology : Mib : the Official Publication of the Academy of Molecular Imaging. 2003 January-February; 5(1): 15-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14499156&dopt=Abstract

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Secondary myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease: a report from the German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group. Author(s): Josting A, Wiedenmann S, Franklin J, May M, Sieber M, Wolf J, Engert A, Diehl V; The German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 September 15; 21(18): 3440-6. Epub 2003 March 07. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12668650&dopt=Abstract

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Semen cryopreservation, utilisation and reproductive outcome in men treated for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Blackhall FH, Atkinson AD, Maaya MB, Ryder WD, Horne G, Brison DR, Lieberman BA, Radford JA. Source: British Journal of Cancer. 2002 August 12; 87(4): 381-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12177773&dopt=Abstract

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Sequential development of Hodgkin's disease and CD30+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a patient with MALT-type lymphoma: evidence of different clonal origin of single microdissected Reed-Sternberg cells. Author(s): Parrens M, Vergier B, Fitoussi O, Lahet C, Belleannee G, Marit G, Dubus P, de Mascarel A, Delfau-Larue MH, Merlio JP. Source: The American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 2002 December; 26(12): 1634-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12459631&dopt=Abstract

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Severely hyperkeratotic erythroderma associated with Hodgkin's disease: does a high serum level of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor contribute to formation of skin lesions? Author(s): Arita K, Akiyama M, Sakai T, Shimizu H. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2003 October; 49(4): 772-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14512943&dopt=Abstract

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Spontaneous regression of HIV-associated Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Parekh S, Koduri PR. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 2003 February; 72(2): 153-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12555225&dopt=Abstract

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Spontaneous regression of Hodgkin's disease: two case reports and a review of the literature. Author(s): Mangel J, Barth D, Berinstein NL, Imrie KR. Source: Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2003 June; 8(3): 191-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12745644&dopt=Abstract

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Standard and increased-dose BEACOPP chemotherapy compared with COPP-ABVD for advanced Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Diehl V, Franklin J, Pfreundschuh M, Lathan B, Paulus U, Hasenclever D, Tesch H, Herrmann R, Dorken B, Muller-Hermelink HK, Duhmke E, Loeffler M; German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 2003 June 12; 348(24): 2386-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12802024&dopt=Abstract

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Strategic approach to the management of Hodgkin's disease incorporating salvage therapy with high-dose ifosfamide, etoposide and epirubicin: a Northern Region Lymphoma Group study (UK). Author(s): Proctor SJ, Jackson GH, Lennard A, Angus B, Wood K, Lucraft HL, White J, Windebank K, Taylor PR; Northern Region Lymphoma Group. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2003; 14 Suppl 1: I47-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12736232&dopt=Abstract

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Thallium-201 imaging in evaluation of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Dadparvar S, Hussain R, Esteves F, Yu JQ, Grewal RK, Arif S, Cruz R, Barbaria CJ, Woods K, Styler MJ. Source: Cancer Journal (Sudbury, Mass.). 2002 November-December; 8(6): 469-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12500856&dopt=Abstract

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The effect of Epstein-Barr virus status on outcome in age- and sex-defined subgroups of patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Flavell KJ, Billingham LJ, Biddulph JP, Gray L, Flavell JR, Constandinou CM, Young LS, Murray PG. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2003 February; 14(2): 282-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12562657&dopt=Abstract

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The International Prognostic Factors Project score for advanced Hodgkin's disease is useful for predicting outcome of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Author(s): Bierman PJ, Lynch JC, Bociek RG, Whalen VL, Kessinger A, Vose JM, Armitage JO. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2002 September; 13(9): 1370-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12196362&dopt=Abstract

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The management of stage I-II supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease with chemotherapy alone. Author(s): Provencio M, Espana P, Millan I, Sanchez A, Cantos B, Bonilla F. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2003 February; 44(2): 263-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12688343&dopt=Abstract

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The strong correlation between serum copper level and the copper/zinc ratio to histopathological changes, clinical stage, and prognosis of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Gozdasoglu S, Akar N. Source: Biological Trace Element Research. 2003 February; 91(2): 191-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12719614&dopt=Abstract

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Thymic epithelial hyperplasia with nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Ito W, Kojima K, Fujiwara K, Nanba Y, Yoshino T, Shinagawa K, Ishimaru F, Ikeda K, Niiya K, Tanimoto M. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2002 November; 43(11): 2229-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12533053&dopt=Abstract

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Thyroid nodules and survivors of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Oeffinger KC, Sklar CA, Hudson MM. Source: American Family Physician. 2003 September 15; 68(6): 1016, 1018-9; Discussion 1019. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14524392&dopt=Abstract

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Time-intensified dexamethasone/cisplatin/cytarabine: an effective salvage therapy with low toxicity in patients with relapsed and refractory Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Josting A, Rudolph C, Reiser M, Mapara M, Sieber M, Kirchner HH, Dorken B, Hossfeld DK, Diehl V, Engert A; Participating Centers. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2002 October; 13(10): 1628-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12377653&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of intermediate and advanced stage Hodgkin's disease with modified baseline BEACOPP regimen: a Hellenic Co-operative Oncology Group Study. Author(s): Economopoulos T, Fountzilas G, Dimopoulos MA, Papageorgiou S, Xiros N, Kalantzis D, Dervenoulas J, Raptis S. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 2003 October; 71(4): 257-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12950234&dopt=Abstract

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Trends in mortality from Hodgkin's disease in western and eastern Europe. Author(s): Levi F, Lucchini F, Negri E, Boyle P, La Vecchia C. Source: British Journal of Cancer. 2002 July 29; 87(3): 291-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12177797&dopt=Abstract

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Unusual association of Hodgkin's disease and sarcoidosis. Author(s): Simsek S, van Leuven F, Bronsveld W, Ooms GH, Groeneveld AB, de Graaff CS. Source: The Netherlands Journal of Medicine. 2002 December; 60(11): 438-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12685492&dopt=Abstract

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Unusual manifestations of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Lowenthal MN. Source: Isr Med Assoc J. 2003 March; 5(3): 230; Author Reply 230. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12725154&dopt=Abstract

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Unusual manifestations of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Roif M, Miller EB, Kneller A, Landau Z. Source: Isr Med Assoc J. 2003 January; 5(1): 62-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12592964&dopt=Abstract

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Unusual presentation of Hodgkin's disease mimicking inflammatory bowel disease. Author(s): Vincenzi B, Finolezzi E, Fossati C, Verzi A, Santini D, Tonini G, Arullani A, Avvisati G. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2001 July; 42(3): 521-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11699419&dopt=Abstract

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Up-front centralized data review and individualized treatment proposals in a multicenter pediatric Hodgkin's disease trial with 71 participating hospitals: the experience of the German-Austrian pediatric multicenter trial DAL-HD-90. Author(s): Dieckmann K, Potter R, Wagner W, Prott FJ, Hornig-Franz I, Rath B, Schellong G. Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology : Journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. 2002 February; 62(2): 191-200. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11937246&dopt=Abstract

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Upfront transplantation for poor-risk aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease: who benefits? Author(s): Kewalramani T, Moskowitz CH. Source: Current Oncology Reports. 2001 May; 3(3): 271-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11296139&dopt=Abstract

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Usefulness of K-1 (CD-30) marker in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Shakoor KA, Saleh A, Khanzada MS. Source: J Pak Med Assoc. 2002 October; 52(10): 442-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12553671&dopt=Abstract

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Usefulness of the prognostic score for advanced Hodgkin's disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Ribera JM, Navarro JT, Oriol A, Vaquero M, Grau J, Feliu E. Source: Haematologica. 2000 March; 85(3): 325-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10702829&dopt=Abstract

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Utility and outcomes of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Moreland WS, Geisinger KR. Source: Diagnostic Cytopathology. 2002 May; 26(5): 278-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11992367&dopt=Abstract

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Utility of CD15, CD30 & CD45 in the immunohistochemical diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease by antigen retrieval method. Author(s): Arici DS, Aker H, Gungor M. Source: The Indian Journal of Medical Research. 1999 January; 109: 33-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10489740&dopt=Abstract

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Value of fine needle aspiration cytology in the initial diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. Analysis of 188 cases with an emphasis on diagnostic pitfalls. Author(s): Jimenez-Heffernan JA, Vicandi B, Lopez-Ferrer P, Hardisson D, Viguer JM. Source: Acta Cytol. 2001 May-June; 45(3): 300-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11393058&dopt=Abstract

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Value of gemcitabine treatment in heavily pretreated Hodgkin's disease patients. Author(s): Zinzani PL, Bendandi M, Stefoni V, Albertini P, Gherlinzoni F, Tani M, Piccaluga PP, Tura S. Source: Haematologica. 2000 September; 85(9): 926-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10980630&dopt=Abstract

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VAMP and low-dose, involved-field radiation for children and adolescents with favorable, early-stage Hodgkin's disease: results of a prospective clinical trial. Author(s): Donaldson SS, Hudson MM, Lamborn KR, Link MP, Kun L, Billett AL, Marcus KC, Hurwitz CA, Young JA, Tarbell NJ, Weinstein HJ. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 July 15; 20(14): 3081-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12118021&dopt=Abstract

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Vanishing bile duct syndrome in Hodgkin's disease: case report. Author(s): Rossini MS, Lorand-Metze I, Oliveira GB, Souza CA. Source: Sao Paulo Medical Journal = Revista Paulista De Medicina. 2000 September 7; 118(5): 154-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11018850&dopt=Abstract

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Vanishing bile duct syndrome occurring after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation in a patient with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Komurcu S, Ozet A, Altundag MK, Arpaci F, Ozturk B, Celasun B, Tezcan Y. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2002 January; 81(1): 57-8. Epub 2001 December 13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11807639&dopt=Abstract

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Varicella zoster meningitis preceeded by thrombophlebitis in a patient with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Saif MW, Hamilton JM, Allegra CJ. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2000 October; 39(3-4): 421-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11342324&dopt=Abstract

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Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is expressed by neoplastic Hodgkin-ReedSternberg cells in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Doussis-Anagnostopoulou IA, Talks KL, Turley H, Debnam P, Tan DC, Mariatos G, Gorgoulis V, Kittas C, Gatter KC. Source: The Journal of Pathology. 2002 August; 197(5): 677-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12210089&dopt=Abstract

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Very late relapse of Hodgkin's disease: a report of five patients. Author(s): Shihabi S, Deutsch M, Jacobs SA. Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology : the Official Publication of the American Radium Society. 2001 December; 24(6): 576-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11801757&dopt=Abstract

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Virus-like agents from patients with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Eisinger M, Fox SM, De Harven E, Biedler JL, Sanders FK. Source: Nature. 1971 September 10; 233(5315): 104-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12058748&dopt=Abstract

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Vitiligo at the sites of irradiation in a patient with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Pajonk F, Weissenberger C, Witucki G, Henke M. Source: Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie : Organ Der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft. [et Al]. 2002 March; 178(3): 159-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11962193&dopt=Abstract

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What causes Hodgkin's disease in children? Author(s): Stiller CA. Source: European Journal of Cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). 1998 March; 34(4): 523-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9713303&dopt=Abstract

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What is the best position of the arms in mantle field for Hodgkin's disease? Author(s): Pergolizzi S, Settineri N, Gaeta M, Scribano E, Santacaterina A, Ascenti G, Frosina P, de Renzis C. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2000 January 1; 46(1): 119-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10656382&dopt=Abstract

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What is the optimal treatment volume in Hodgkin's disease patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and adjuvant radiation therapy? Author(s): Mundt AJ, Connell PP, Mansur DB. Source: Radiation Oncology Investigations. 1999; 7(6): 353-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10644058&dopt=Abstract

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What is the role for adjuvant radiation therapy in advanced Hodgkin's disease? Author(s): Mauch P. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1998 March; 16(3): 815-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9508161&dopt=Abstract

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Whole-body 18F-FDG PET for the evaluation of patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Jerusalem G, Warland V, Najjar F, Paulus P, Fassotte MF, Fillet G, Rigo P. Source: Nuclear Medicine Communications. 1999 January; 20(1): 13-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9949408&dopt=Abstract

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Whole-body FDG-PET imaging for staging of Hodgkin's disease and lymphoma. Author(s): Hoh CK, Glaspy J, Rosen P, Dahlbom M, Lee SJ, Kunkel L, Hawkin RA, Maddahi J, Phelps ME. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 1997 March; 38(3): 343-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9074514&dopt=Abstract

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Whole-body positron emission tomography using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose compared to standard procedures for staging patients with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Jerusalem G, Beguin Y, Fassotte MF, Najjar F, Paulus P, Rigo P, Fillet G. Source: Haematologica. 2001 March; 86(3): 266-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11255273&dopt=Abstract

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Whole-body positron emission tomography using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose for initial staging of patients with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Weihrauch MR, Re D, Bischoff S, Dietlein M, Scheidhauer K, Krug B, Textoris F, Ansen S, Franklin J, Bohlen H, Wolf J, Schicha H, Diehl V, Tesch H. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2002 January; 81(1): 20-5. Epub 2001 December 12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11807631&dopt=Abstract

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Whole-body positron emission tomography using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose for posttreatment evaluation in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has higher diagnostic and prognostic value than classical computed tomography scan imaging. Author(s): Jerusalem G, Beguin Y, Fassotte MF, Najjar F, Paulus P, Rigo P, Fillet G. Source: Blood. 1999 July 15; 94(2): 429-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10397709&dopt=Abstract

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Workshop report on Hodgkin's disease and related diseases ('grey zone' lymphoma). Author(s): Rudiger T, Jaffe ES, Delsol G, deWolf-Peeters C, Gascoyne RD, Georgii A, Harris NL, Kadin ME, MacLennan KA, Poppema S, Stein H, Weiss LE, MullerHermelink HK. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1998; 9 Suppl 5: S31-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9926235&dopt=Abstract

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X-chromosome inactivation analysis of isolated Reed-Sternberg cells in nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Chang HW, Chong SM, Peh SC, Lee SH. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 1999 December; 107(3): 641-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10583270&dopt=Abstract

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XRT for stage IV Hodgkin's disease? Less chaff please. Author(s): Beitler JJ. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1998 August; 16(8): 2893. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9704746&dopt=Abstract

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CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND HODGKIN’S DISEASE Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to find studies dedicated specifically to nutrition and Hodgkin’s disease.

Finding Nutrition Studies on Hodgkin’s Disease The National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) offers a searchable bibliographic database called the IBIDS (International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 1B29, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2086, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2086, Tel: 301-435-2920, Fax: 301-480-1845, E-mail: [email protected]). The IBIDS contains over 460,000 scientific citations and summaries about dietary supplements and nutrition as well as references to published international, scientific literature on dietary supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and botanicals.7 The IBIDS includes references and citations to both human and animal research studies. As a service of the ODS, access to the IBIDS database is available free of charge at the following Web address: http://ods.od.nih.gov/databases/ibids.html. After entering the search area, you have three choices: (1) IBIDS Consumer Database, (2) Full IBIDS Database, or (3) Peer Reviewed Citations Only. Now that you have selected a database, click on the “Advanced” tab. An advanced search allows you to retrieve up to 100 fully explained references in a comprehensive format. Type “Hodgkin’s disease” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” To narrow the search, you can also select the “Title” field.

7 Adapted from http://ods.od.nih.gov. IBIDS is produced by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health to assist the public, healthcare providers, educators, and researchers in locating credible, scientific information on dietary supplements. IBIDS was developed and will be maintained through an interagency partnership with the Food and Nutrition Information Center of the National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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The following information is typical of that found when using the “Full IBIDS Database” to search for “Hodgkin’s disease” (or a synonym): •

A Phase I study with an anti-CD30 ricin A-chain immunotoxin (Ki-4.dgA) in patients with refractory CD30+ Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Koeln, Joseph-StelzmannStrasse 9, D-50924 Koeln, Germany. Source: Schnell, R Staak, O Borchmann, P Schwartz, C Matthey, B Hansen, H Schindler, J Ghetie, V Vitetta, E S Diehl, V Engert, A Clin-Cancer-Res. 2002 June; 8(6): 1779-86 10780432

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A prospective clinical trial comparing chemotherapy, radiotherapy and combined therapy in the treatment of early stage Hodgkin's disease with bulky disease. Author(s): Department of Haematology, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Centre, Mexico, D.F., Mexico. Source: Aviles, A Delgado, S Clin-Lab-Haematol. 1998 April; 20(2): 95-9 0141-9854

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A randomized trial of chemotherapy with carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan (BEAM) plus peripheral stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) vs single-agent high-dose chemotherapy followed by BEAM plus PBSCT in patients with relapsed Hodgkin's disease (HD-R2). Author(s): First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, JosephStelzmann-Str. 9, 50931 Cologne, Germany. Source: Glossmann, J P Josting, A Pfistner, B Paulus, U Engert, A Ann-Hematol. 2002 August; 81(8): 424-9 0939-5555

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ABVD and radiation therapy as first-line treatment in advanced Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Institute of Hematology and Oncology Seragnoli, University of Bologna, Italy. Source: Zinzani, P L Magagnoli, M Frezza, G Barbieri, E Gherlinzoni, F Galuppi, A Bendandi, M Merla, E Albertini, P Babini, L Tura, S Leuk-Lymphoma. 1999 February; 32(5-6): 553-9 1042-8194

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Advanced Hodgkin's disease: ABVD is better, yet is not good enough! Source: Diehl, V J-Clin-Oncol. 2003 February 15; 21(4): 583-5 0732-183X

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Alternating combination chemotherapy C-MOPP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone) and ABVd (adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) in clinical stage II-IV Hodgkin's disease: a multicenter phase II study (JCOG 8905). The Lymphoma Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group. Author(s): Hematology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. Source: Takenaka, T Mikuni, C Miura, A Sasaki, T Suzuki, H Hotta, T Hirano, M Fukuhara, S Sugiyama, H Nasu, K Dohi, H Kozuru, M Tomonaga, M Tajima, K Niimi, M Fukuda, H Mukai, K Shimoyama, M Jpn-J-Clin-Oncol. 2000 March; 30(3): 146-52 03682811

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An effective oral combination in advanced relapsed Hodgkin's disease prednisolone, etoposide, chlorambucil and CCNU. Author(s): Department of Haematology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. Source: Lennard, A L Carey, P J Jackson, G H Proctor, S J Cancer-Chemother-Pharmacol. 1990; 26(4): 301-5 0344-5704

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Approach to Hodgkin's lymphoma in the new millennium. Author(s): Division of Hematology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA. [email protected]

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Source: Fung, Henry C Nademanee, Auayporn P Hematol-Oncol. 2002 March; 20(1): 115 0278-0232 •

Association between alopecia and response to aggressive chemotherapy in patients with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Department of Medicine, Meir Hospital Kfar Saba and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Source: Lishner, M Manor, Y Kitay Cohen, Y Avishay, A E Med-Hypotheses. 1999 November; 53(5): 447-9 0306-9877

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Autologous bone marrow transplantation as adjuvant treatment for high-risk Hodgkin's disease in first complete remission after MOPP/ABVD protocol. Author(s): Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Ospedale S. Martino, Genoa, Italy. Source: Carella, A M Carlier, P Congiu, A Occhini, D Nati, S Santini, G Pierluigi, D Giordano, D Bacigalupo, A Damasio, E Bone-Marrow-Transplant. 1991 August; 8(2): 99103 0268-3369

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Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for poor prognostic Hodgkin's disease (HD): comparative results with two CBV regimens and importance of disease status at transplant. Author(s): Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain. Source: Arranz, R Tomas, J F Gil Fernandez, J J Martinez Chamorro, C Granados, E Alegre, A Figuera, A Vazquez, L Camara, R Fernandez Ranada, J M Bone-MarrowTransplant. 1998 April; 21(8): 779-86 0268-3369

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Autotransplantation for relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's disease: long-term followup and analysis of prognostic factors. Author(s): Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY, USA. Source: Lancet, J E Rapoport, A P Brasacchio, R Eberly, S Raubertas, R F Linder, T Muhs, A Duerst, R E Abboud, C N Packman, C H DiPersio, J F Constine, L S Rowe, J M Liesveld, J L Bone-Marrow-Transplant. 1998 August; 22(3): 265-71 0268-3369

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BEACOPP, a new dose-escalated and accelerated regimen, is at least as effective as COPP/ABVD in patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma: interim report from a trial of the German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group. Author(s): Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany. [email protected] Source: Diehl, V Franklin, J Hasenclever, D Tesch, H Pfreundschuh, M Lathan, B Paulus, U Sieber, M Rueffer, J U Sextro, M Engert, A Wolf, J Hermann, R Holmer, L Stappert Jahn, U Winnerlein Trump, E Wulf, G Krause, S Glunz, A von Kalle, K Bischoff, H Haedicke, C Duehmke, E Georgii, A Loeffler, M J-Clin-Oncol. 1998 December; 16(12): 3810-21 0732-183X

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Bleomycin, lomustine, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine and prednisone (BLEO-CCVPP) in patients with Hodgkin's disease who relapsed after radiotherapy alone: a long-term follow-up study of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (E3481). Author(s): OLM Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York Medical College, Bronx 10466, USA. [email protected] Source: Wiernik, P H Leong, T Oken, M M Neiman, R S Habermann, T M Bennett, J M Schuster, S Glick, J H Leuk-Lymphoma. 2001 January; 40(3-4): 357-63 1042-8194

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British National Lymphoma Investigation randomised study of MOPP (mustine, Oncovin, procarbazine, prednisolone) against LOPP (Leukeran substituted for mustine) in advanced Hodgkin's disease--long term results. Author(s): YCRC Department of Clinical Oncology, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, UK. Source: Hancock, B W Vaughan Hudson, G Vaughan Hudson, B Haybittle, J L Bennett, M H MacLennan, K A Jelliffe, A M Br-J-Cancer. 1991 April; 63(4): 579-82 0007-0920

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CD20 expression in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of classical Hodgkin's disease: associations with presenting features and clinical outcome. Author(s): Department of Lymphoma-Myeloma, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Source: Rassidakis, George Z Medeiros, L Jeffrey Viviani, Simonetta Bonfante, Valeria Nadali, Gian Paolo Vassilakopoulos, Theodoros P Mesina, Ofelia Herling, Marco Angelopoulou, Maria K Giardini, Roberto Chilosi, Marco Kittas, Christos McLaughlin, Peter Rodriguez, M Alma Romaguera, Jorge Bonadonna, Gianni Gianni, Alessandro M Pizzolo, Giovanni Pangalis, Gerassimos A Cabanillas, Fernando Sarris, Andreas H JClin-Oncol. 2002 Mar 1; 20(5): 1278-87 0732-183X

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Changing role and decreasing size: current trends in radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA. [email protected] Source: Yahalom, J Curr-Oncol-Repage 2002 September; 4(5): 415-23 1523-3790

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Chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France. Source: Carde, P Nouv-Rev-Fr-Hematol. 1990; 32(2): 169-73

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CHLVPP chemotherapy with involved-field irradiation for Hodgkin's disease: favorable results with acceptable toxicity. Author(s): Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198-3330. Source: Vose, J M Bierman, P J Anderson, J R Weisenburger, D Moravec, D F Sorensen, S Hutchins, M Dowling, M D Howe, D Okerbloom, J et al. J-Clin-Oncol. 1991 August; 9(8): 1421-5 0732-183X

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ChlVPP combination chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease: long-term results. Author(s): Section of Medicine, Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, UK. Source: Selby, P Patel, P Milan, S Meldrum, M Mansi, J Mbidde, E Brada, M Perren, T Forgeson, G Gore, M et al. Br-J-Cancer. 1990 August; 62(2): 279-85 0007-0920

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ChlVPP/ABV-VP16 hybrid regimen for advanced Hodgkin's disease: a study in 36 patients. Author(s): Servizio Oncologico Cantonale, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland. Source: Saletti, P Zucca, E Gueneau, M Peccatori, F Cavalli, F Martinelli, G LeukLymphoma. 1999 April; 33(3-4): 313-9 1042-8194

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ChlVPP/EVA hybrid versus the weekly VAPEC-B regimen for previously untreated Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Department of Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK. [email protected]

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Source: Radford, J A Rohatiner, A Z S Ryder, W D J Deakin, D P Barbui, T Lucie, N P Rossi, A Dunlop, D J Cowan, R A Wilkinson, P M Gupta, R K James, R D Shamash, J Chang, J Crowther, D Lister, T A J-Clin-Oncol. 2002 July 1; 20(13): 2988-94 0732-183X •

Clinical trials with an anti-CD25 ricin A-chain experimental and immunotoxin (RFT5SMPT-dgA) in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Klinik I fuer Innere Medizin, Universitaet zu Koeln, Germany. Source: Schnell, R Vitetta, E Schindler, J Barth, S Winkler, U Borchmann, P Hansmann, M L Diehl, V Ghetie, V Engert, A Leuk-Lymphoma. 1998 August; 30(5-6): 525-37 10428194

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Combination chemotherapy with mitoguazon, ifosfamide, MTX, etoposide (MIME) and G-CSF can efficiently mobilize PBPC in patients with Hodgkin's and nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, Oslo. Source: Aurlien, E Holte, H Pharo, A Kvaloy, S Jakobsen, E Smeland, E B Kvalheim, G Bone-Marrow-Transplant. 1998 May; 21(9): 873-8 0268-3369

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Combined modality therapy of Hodgkin's disease: 10-year results of National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group multicenter clinical trial. Author(s): National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston. Source: Yelle, L Bergsagel, D Basco, V Brown, T Bush, R Gillies, J Israels, L Miller, A Rideout, D Whitelaw, D et al. J-Clin-Oncol. 1991 November; 9(11): 1983-93 0732-183X

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Communication challenges in a young man with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Source: Medoff, E Cancer-Pract. 2001 Nov-December; 9(6): 272-6 1065-4704

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Comparison of high-dose and low-dose radiation with and without chemotherapy for children with Hodgkin's disease: an analysis of the experience at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Author(s): Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104. Source: Maity, A Goldwein, J W Lange, B D'Angio, G J J-Clin-Oncol. 1992 June; 10(6): 929-35 0732-183X

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Comparison of two non-cross-resistant combinations (ABVP/LOPP) with COPP plus bleomycin in the treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia. Source: Koza, I Bohunicky, L Mocikova, K Gyarfas, J Svancarova, L Mardiak, J Spanik, S Fuchsberger, P Thalmeinerova, Z Sufliarsky, J et al. Neoplasma. 1991; 38(6): 583-93 00282685

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Conventional salvage chemotherapy vs. high-dose therapy with autografting for recurrent or refractory Hodgkin's disease patients. Author(s): Dipartimento Biotecnologie Celluari ed Ematologia, Universita La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. Source: Anselmo, A P Meloni, G Cavalieri, E Proia, A Enrici, R M Funaro, D Pescarmona, E Mandelli, F Ann-Hematol. 2000 February; 79(2): 79-82 0939-5555

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EBVD combination chemotherapy plus low dose involved field radiation is a highly effective treatment modality for early stage Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, Greece. Source: Angelopoulou, M K Vassilakopoulos, T P Siakantaris, M P Kontopidou, F N Boussiotis, V A Papavassiliou, C Kittas, C Pangalis, G A Leuk-Lymphoma. 2000 March; 37(1-2): 131-43 1042-8194

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Etoposide and adriamycin containing combination chemotherapy (HOPE-Bleo) for relapsed Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Section of Medicine, Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, UK. Source: Perren, T J Selby, P J Milan, S Meldrum, M McElwain, T J Br-J-Cancer. 1990 June; 61(6): 919-23 0007-0920

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Functional imaging of Hodgkin's disease with FDG-PET and gallium-67. Author(s): Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany. [email protected] Source: Willkomm, P Palmedo, H Grunwald, F Ruhlmann, J Biersack, H J Nuklearmedizin. 1998; 37(7): 251-3 0029-5566

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Greater curability in advanced Hodgkin's disease? Author(s): Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021-6007, USA. Source: Portlock, C S Cancer-J-Sci-Am. 1999 Sep-October; 5(5): 264-5 1081-4442

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Haematological toxicity compromises MOPP/ABVD chemotherapy in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Departments of Haematology, Plymouth Hospitals, Devon, UK. Source: Goodrick, M J Daniel, F Prentice, A G Copplestone, J A Tyrrell, C J Clin-Oncol(R-Coll-Radiol). 1991 May; 3(3): 151-4 0936-6555

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High cure rates and reduced long-term toxicity in pediatric Hodgkin's disease: the German-Austrian multicenter trial DAL-HD-90. The German-Austrian Pediatric Hodgkin's Disease Study Group. Author(s): Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Germany. [email protected] Source: Schellong, G Potter, R Bramswig, J Wagner, W Prott, F J Dorffel, W Korholz, D Mann, G Rath, B Reiter, A Weissbach, G Riepenhausen, M Thiemann, M Schwarze, E W J-Clin-Oncol. 1999 December; 17(12): 3736-44 0732-183X

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High-dose BEAM chemotherapy with autologous haemopoietic stem cell transplantation for Hodgkin's disease is unlikely to be associated with a major increased risk of secondary MDS/AML. Author(s): University College Medical School, London, UK. Source: Harrison, C N Gregory, W Hudson, G V Devereux, S Goldstone, A H Hancock, B Winfield, D MacMillan, A K Hoskin, P Newland, A C Milligan, D Linch, D C Br-JCancer. 1999 October; 81(3): 476-83 0007-0920

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High-dose ifosfamide and vinorelbine as salvage therapy for relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Division of Medical Oncology C, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy. [email protected] Source: Bonfante, V Viviani, S Devizzi, L Di Russo, A Di Nicola, M Magni, M Matteucci, P Grisanti, S Valagussa, P Bonadonna, G Gianni, A M Eur-J-Haematol-Suppl. 2001 July; (64): 51-5 0902-4506

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High-dose therapy in patients with Hodgkin's disease: the use of selected CD34(+) cells is as safe as unmanipulated peripheral blood progenitor cells. Author(s): Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway. Source: Blystad, A K Holte, H Kvaloy, S Smeland, E Delabie, J Kvalheim, G BoneMarrow-Transplant. 2001 November; 28(9): 849-57 0268-3369

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Hodgkin's disease complicated by the nephrotic syndrome in a man with KugelbergWelander disease. Author(s): Division of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Source: Thomson, J A Seymour, J F Wolf, M Leuk-Lymphoma. 2001 July; 42(3): 561-6 1042-8194

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Hodgkin's disease in the elderly: improved treatment outcome with a doxorubicincontaining regimen. Author(s): University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-7680, USA. [email protected] Source: Weekes, Colin D Vose, Julie M Lynch, Jim C Weisenburger, Dennis D Bierman, Philip J Greiner, Timothy Bociek, Gregory Enke, Charles Bast, Martin Chan, Wing C Armitage, James O J-Clin-Oncol. 2002 February 15; 20(4): 1087-93 0732-183X

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Hodgkin's disease of the liver; prognosis and possible indications for radiotherapy. Author(s): Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, UK. Source: O'Brien, P Crow, J Brada, M Ashley, S Horwich, A Clin-Oncol-(R-Coll-Radiol). 1991 July; 3(4): 189-92 0936-6555

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Incidence of post transplant myelodysplasia/acute leukemia in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients compared with Hodgkin's disease patients undergoing autologous transplantation following cyclophosphamide, carmustine, and etoposide (CBV). Author(s): Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Farber Cancer Institute, MA, USA. Source: Wheeler, C Khurshid, A Ibrahim, J Elias, A Mauch, P Ault, K Antin, J LeukLymphoma. 2001 February; 40(5-6): 499-509 1042-8194

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Increased risk of secondary acute nonlymphocytic leukemia after extended-field radiation therapy combined with MOPP chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Department d'Oncologie/Hematologie, Hopital Laennec, Paris, France. Source: Andrieu, J M Ifrah, N Payen, C Fermanian, J Coscas, Y Flandrin, G J-Clin-Oncol. 1990 July; 8(7): 1148-54 0732-183X

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Intensive chemotherapy and low-dose radiotherapy for the treatment of advancedstage Hodgkin's disease in pediatric patients: a Pediatric Oncology Group study. Author(s): Hackensack Medical Center, NJ. Source: Weiner, M A Leventhal, B G Marcus, R Brecher, M Ternberg, J Behm, F G Cantor, A Wharam, M Chauvenet, A J-Clin-Oncol. 1991 September; 9(9): 1591-8 0732183X

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Intensive salvage therapy with high-dose chemotherapy for patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease in relapse or failure after initial chemotherapy: results of the Groupe d'Etudes des Lymphomes de l'Adulte H89 Trial. Author(s): Groupe d'Etudes des Lymphomes de l'Adulte, Hopital Saint-Louis, Paris, France. [email protected] Source: Ferme, Christophe Mounier, Nicolas Divine, Marine Brice, Pauline Stamatoullas, Aspasia Reman, Oumedaly Voillat, Laurent Jaubert, Jerome Lederlin, Pierre Colin, Philippe Berger, Francoise Salles, Gilles J-Clin-Oncol. 2002 January 15; 20(2): 467-75 0732-183X

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Intensive therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation as first-line therapy in poor-risk Hodgkin's disease and analysis of predictive factors of outcome. Author(s): Department of Hematology/Oncology, Bretonneau Hospital, Tours, France.

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Source: Delain, M Cartron, G Bout, M Benboubker, L Linassier, C Lamagnere, J P Colombat, P Leuk-Lymphoma. 1999 July; 34(3-4): 305-13 1042-8194 •

Is escalated BEACOPP a standard therapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease? Author(s): Institute Gustav-Roussy, Villejuif, France. [email protected] Source: Carde, P Cavalli, F Diehl, V Franklin, J Hematol-J. 2000; 1(4): 282-90 1466-4860

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Localized childhood Hodgkin's disease: response-adapted chemotherapy with etoposide, bleomycin, vinblastine, and prednisone before low-dose radiation therapyresults of the French Society of Pediatric Oncology Study MDH90. Author(s): Departments of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hopital d'Enfants Armand Trousseau, Institut Curie, Hopital Saint Louis, Paris, France. [email protected] Source: Landman Parker, J Pacquement, H Leblanc, T Habrand, J L Terrier Lacombe, M J Bertrand, Y Perel, Y Robert, A Coze, C Thuret, I Donadieu, J Schaison, G Leverger, G Lemerle, J Oberlin, O J-Clin-Oncol. 2000 April; 18(7): 1500-7 0732-183X

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Long-term results of an intensive regimen: VEBEP plus involved-field radiotherapy in advanced Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Division of Medical Oncology A, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy. Source: Viviani, S Bonfante, V Santoro, A Zanini, M Devizzi, L Di Russo, A D Soncini, F Villani, F Ragni, G Valagussa, P Bonadonna, G Cancer-J-Sci-Am. 1999 Sep-October; 5(5): 275-82 1081-4442

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Lung cancer after treatment of Hodgkin's disease--a case report. Author(s): Istituto di Anatomia e Istologia Patologica, Universita degli Studi, Perugia Ospedale Civile S. Maria, Terni, Italy. Source: Cristallini, E G Buzzi, F Santoro, S Bolis, G B Acta-Oncol. 1991; 30(5): 651-2 0284186X

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Methyl-GAG, ifosfamide, methotrexate and etoposide (MIME) as salvage therapy for Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The Swedish Lymphoma Study Group. Author(s): Departments of Oncology, University of Uppsala, Akademiska Hospital, Sweden. Source: Enblad, G Glimelius, B Hagberg, H Lindemalm, C Acta-Oncol. 1990; 29(3): 297301 0284-186X

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Midkine expression in Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): First Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan. Source: Kato, H Watanabe, K Murari, M Isogai, C Kinoshita, T Nagai, H Ohashi, H Nagasaka, T Kadomatsu, K Muramatsu, H Muramatsu, T Saito, H Mori, N Murate, T Leuk-Lymphoma. 2000 April; 37(3-4): 415-24 1042-8194

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Mitoxantrone, vinblastine, and lomustine (CCNU) (MVC): a highly active regimen for advanced and poor-prognosis Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA. Source: Wiernik, P H Dutcher, J P Einzig, A I Sparano, J Frank, M Friedenberg, W Cancer-J-Sci-Am. 1998 Jul-August; 4(4): 254-60 1081-4442

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Mobilisation of peripheral blood stem cells with IVE and G-CSF improves CD34+ cell yields and engraftment in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Department of Haematology, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.

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Source: McQuaker, I Haynes, A Stainer, C Byrne, J Russell, N Bone-Marrow-Transplant. 1999 October; 24(7): 715-22 0268-3369 •

MOPP or radiation in addition to ABVD in the treatment of pathologically staged advanced Hodgkin's disease in children: results of the Children's Cancer Group Phase III Trial. Author(s): C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. [email protected] Source: Hutchinson, R J Fryer, C J Davis, P C Nachman, J Krailo, M D O'Brien, R T Collins, R D Whalen, T Reardon, D Trigg, M E Gilchrist, G S J-Clin-Oncol. 1998 March; 16(3): 897-906 0732-183X

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MOPP/ABV hybrid chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease significantly improves failure-free and overall survival: the 8-year results of the intergroup trial. Author(s): University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia 19104-4283, USA. [email protected] Source: Glick, J H Young, M L Harrington, D Schilsky, R L Beck, T Neiman, R Fisher, R I Peterson, B A Oken, M M J-Clin-Oncol. 1998 January; 16(1): 19-26 0732-183X

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Neutropenic infections in 100 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease treated with high-dose BEAM chemotherapy and peripheral blood progenitor cell transplant: out-patient treatment is a viable option. Author(s): Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. Source: Seropian, S Nadkarni, R Jillella, A P Salloum, E Burtness, B Hu, G L Zelterman, D Cooper, D L Bone-Marrow-Transplant. 1999 Mar; 23(6): 599-605 0268-3369

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Nitrosourea derivatives for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease involving the central nervous system: a study of 23 cases. Author(s): Department of Clinical Chemotherapy, NN Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, USSR Ministry of Health, Leningrad. Source: Gershanovich, M L Arkhipov, A I Vilensky, B S Bull-Cancer. 1990; 77(8): 821-8 0007-4551

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Peroneal mononeuropathy in pediatric Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Department of Pediatrics, Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe, Japan. [email protected] Source: Matsubara, K Nigami, H Harigaya, H Osaki, M Baba, K Leuk-Lymphoma. 2000 December; 40(1-2): 205-7 1042-8194

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Phase III randomized intergroup trial of subtotal lymphoid irradiation versus doxorubicin, vinblastine, and subtotal lymphoid irradiation for stage IA to IIA Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA. Source: Press, O W LeBlanc, M Lichter, A S Grogan, T M Unger, J M Wasserman, T H Gaynor, E R Peterson, B A Miller, T P Fisher, R I J-Clin-Oncol. 2001 November 15; 19(22): 4238-44 0732-183X

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Plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor and its soluble receptors correlate with clinical features and outcome of Hodgkin's disease patients. Author(s): Service d'Hematologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon and UPRES-JE 1879 Hemopathies, Lymphoides malignes, Universite Claude Bernard, Pierre-Benite, France. Source: Warzocha, K Bienvenu, J Ribeiro, P Moullet, I Dumontet, C Neidhardt Berard, E M Coiffier, B Salles, G Br-J-Cancer. 1998 June; 77(12): 2357-62 0007-0920

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Prognostic factors among 185 adults with newly diagnosed advanced Hodgkin's disease treated with alternating potentially noncross-resistant chemotherapy and intermediate-dose radiation therapy. Author(s): Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021. Source: Straus, D J Gaynor, J J Myers, J Merke, D P Caravelli, J Chapman, D Yahalom, J Clarkson, B D J-Clin-Oncol. 1990 July; 8(7): 1173-86 0732-183X

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Protracted results of dose-intensive therapy using cyclophosphamide, carmustine, and continuous infusion etoposide with autologous stem cell support in patients with relapse or refractory Hodgkin's disease: a phase II study from the North American Marrow Transplant Group. Author(s): University of Louisville, School of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, KY 40202, USA. Source: Fleming, D R Wolff, S N Fay, J W Brown, R A Lynch, J P Bolwell, B J Stevens, D A Goodman, S A Greer, J P Stein, R S Pineiro, L A Collins, R H Goldsmith, L J Herzig, G P Herzig, R H Leuk-Lymphoma. 1999 September; 35(1-2): 91-8 1042-8194

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Radiation therapy versus combination chemotherapy in the treatment of early-stage Hodgkin's disease: seven-year results of a prospective randomized trial. Author(s): Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. Source: Longo, D L Glatstein, E Duffey, P L Young, R C Hubbard, S M Urba, W J Wesley, M N Raubitschek, A Jaffe, E S Wiernik, P H et al. J-Clin-Oncol. 1991 June; 9(6): 906-17 0732-183X

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Radiotherapy of early stages Hodgkin's disease. 10 years experience of the Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute. Author(s): Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic. [email protected] Source: Petera, J Macharova, H Pohankova, R Malir, A Coupek, P Konecny, M Patera, J Pecina, J Drbal, J Koukalova, H Vasova, I Neoplasma. 2000; 47(2): 129-32 0028-2685

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Randomized comparison of ABVD and MOPP/ABV hybrid for the treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease: report of an intergroup trial. Author(s): Department of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA. [email protected] Source: Duggan, D B Petroni, G R Johnson, J L Glick, J H Fisher, R I Connors, J M Canellos, G P Peterson, B A J-Clin-Oncol. 2003 February 15; 21(4): 607-14 0732-183X

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Randomized multicentre trial of filgrastim as an adjunct to combination chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. West of Scotland Lymphoma Group. Author(s): Glasgow Royal Infirmary University NHS Trust, UK. Source: Dunlop, D J Eatock, M M Paul, J Anderson, S Reed, N S Soukop, M Lucie, N Fitzsimmons, E J Tansey, P Steward, W P Clin-Oncol-(R-Coll-Radiol). 1998; 10(2): 107-14 0936-6555

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Randomized trial of peripheral blood progenitor cell vs bone marrow as hematopoietic support for high-dose chemotherapy in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease: a clinical and molecular analysis. Author(s): Division of Hematology Oncology, Lymphoma Unit, Tupper Research Institute, New England Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Source: Kanteti, R Miller, K McCann, J Roitman, D Morelli, J Hurley, C Berkman, E Schenkein, D Bone-Marrow-Transplant. 1999 September; 24(5): 473-81 0268-3369

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Rapidly alternating COPP/ABV/IMEP is not superior to conventional alternating COPP/ABVD in combination with extended-field radiotherapy in intermediate-stage

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Hodgkin's lymphoma: final results of the German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group Trial HD5. Author(s): German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group, Cologne, Germany. [email protected] Source: Sieber, Markus Tesch, Hans Pfistner, Beate Rueffer, Ulrich Lathan, Bernd Brosteanu, Oana Paulus, Ursula Koch, Tina Pfreundschuh, Michael Loeffler, Markus Engert, Andreas Josting, Andreas Wolf, Jurgen Hasenclever, Dirk Franklin, Jeremy Duehmke, Eckhart Georgii, Axel Schalk, Klaus Peter Kirchner, Hartmut Doelken, Gottfried Munker, Reinhold Koch, Peter Herrmann, Richard Greil, Richard Anselmo, Anna Paola Diehl, Volker J-Clin-Oncol. 2002 January 15; 20(2): 476-84 0732-183X •

Reactivation of hepatitis B but not hepatitis C in patients with malignant lymphoma and immunosuppressive therapy. A prospective study in 305 patients. Author(s): Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [email protected] Source: Markovic, S Drozina, G Vovk, M Fidler Jenko, M Hepatogastroenterology. 1999 Sep-October; 46(29): 2925-30 0172-6390

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Regimen-related toxicity and non-relapse mortality with high-dose cyclophosphamide, carmustine (BCNU) and etoposide (VP16-213) (CBV) and CBV plus cisplatin (CBVP) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplantation Program of British Columbia: Division of Hematology, Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Canada. Source: Reece, D E Nevill, T J Sayegh, A Spinelli, J J Brockington, D A Barnett, M J Klingemann, H G Connors, J M Nantel, S H Shepherd, J D Sutherland, H J Voss, N J Fairey, R N O'Reilly, S E Phillips, G L Bone-Marrow-Transplant. 1999 June; 23(11): 11318 0268-3369

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Results of a randomized phase III trial in children and adolescents with advanced stage diffuse large cell non Hodgkin's lymphoma: a Pediatric Oncology Group study. Author(s): Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Virginia, P.O. Box 980646, Richmond, VA 23298-0646, USA. [email protected] Source: Laver, J H Mahmoud, H Pick, T E Hutchinson, R E Weinstein, H J Schwenn, M Weitzman, S Murphy, S B Ochoa, S Shuster, J J Leuk-Lymphoma. 2001 July; 42(3): 399405 1042-8194

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Secondary uncommon solid neoplasms in cured Hodgkin's disease and follow-up of the original B-DOPA chemotherapy patient group. Author(s): Cancer Center, Medical Center of Boston, Massachusetts 02120. Source: Lokich, J J Am-J-Clin-Oncol. 1990 June; 13(3): 247-50 0277-3732

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Serum antithrombin III and alpha-2-antiplasmin concentrations in patients with Hodgkin's disease in the course of chemotherapy. Author(s): Department of Laboratory Clinical Diagnostics, Bialystok, Poland. Source: Dabrowska, M Kemona, H Prokopowicz, J Kretowska, J Kiluk, S Neoplasma. 1991; 38(3): 249-52 0028-2685

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Soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R) in Hodgkin's disease: outcome and clinical implications. Author(s): Division of Medical Oncology A, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy. Source: Viviani, S Camerini, E Bonfante, V Santoro, A Balzarotti, M Fornier, M Devizzi, L Verderio, P Valagussa, P Bonadonna, G Br-J-Cancer. 1998 March; 77(6): 992-7 00070920

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Stanford V and radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA. Source: Portlock, C S Curr-Oncol-Repage 2002 September; 4(5): 413 1523-3790

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T-cell-rich B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma mimicking Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Institute of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University of Berne, Switzerland. Source: Battig, B Mueller Garamvoelgyi, E Cogliatti, S B Schmid, U Kappeler, A Cerny, T Laissue, J A Fey, M F Leuk-Lymphoma. 1999 April; 33(3-4): 393-8 1042-8194

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The clonal relationship between nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's disease with a clonal Reed-Sternberg cell population and a subsequent B-cell small noncleaved cell lymphoma. Author(s): Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198-3135, USA. Source: Ohno, T Trenn, G Wu, G Abou Elella, A Reis, H E Chan, W C Mod-Pathol. 1998 May; 11(5): 485-90 0893-3952

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The long-term effects of MVPP chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease on bone marrow function. Author(s): CRC Department of Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK. Source: Radford, J A Testa, N G Crowther, D Br-J-Cancer. 1990 July; 62(1): 127-32 00070920

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The serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) are related to the infiltration of eosinophils in the tumours of patients with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Departments of Oncology, Radiology, and Clinical Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, University of Uppsala, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. [email protected] Source: Molin, D Glimelius, B Sundstrom, C Venge, P Enblad, G Leuk-Lymphoma. 2001 July; 42(3): 457-65 1042-8194

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Thyroid nodular disease after radiotherapy to the neck for childhood Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Department of Paediatric Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK. Source: Shafford, E A Kingston, J E Healy, J C Webb, J A Plowman, P N Reznek, R H BrJ-Cancer. 1999 May; 80(5-6): 808-14 0007-0920

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Treatment of advanced-stage Hodgkin's disease: alternating noncrossresistant MOPP/CABS is not superior to MOPP. Author(s): Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. Source: Longo, D L Duffey, P L DeVita, V T Wiernik, P H Hubbard, S M Phares, J C Bastian, A W Jaffe, E S Young, R C J-Clin-Oncol. 1991 August; 9(8): 1409-20 0732-183X

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Treatment of pediatric Hodgkin's disease with chemotherapy alone or combined modality therapy. Author(s): Department of Pediatrics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon. Source: Muwakkit, S Geara, F Nabbout, B Farah, R A Shabb, N S Hajjar, T Khogali, M Radiat-Oncol-Investig. 1999; 7(6): 365-73 1065-7541

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Treatment of relapsed and refractory Hodgkin's disease with high dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation. Author(s): Institut d'Hematologie, Hopital Saint-Louis, Paris, France. Source: Brice, P Gisselbrecht, C Ferme, C Lepage, E Baruchel, A Marolleau, J P Gerota, O Boiron, M Nouv-Rev-Fr-Hematol. 1991; 33(3): 267-72

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Treatment of stage I and II Hodgkin's disease with NOVP (mitoxantrone, vincristine, vinblastine, prednisone) and radiotherapy. Author(s): Hematology and Medical Oncology Service, Clinic and University Hospital of Valencia, Spain. [email protected] Source: Tormo, M Terol, M J Marugan, I Solano, C Benet, I Garcia Conde, J LeukLymphoma. 1999 June; 34(1-2): 137-42 1042-8194

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Two different schedules for integrating filgrastim as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of patients with advanced stage Hodgkin's lymphoma receiving MOPP/ABV hybrid chemotherapy. Author(s): Hopital du St-Sacrement, Quebec City, Canada. Source: Cantin, G L'Esperance, B Yelle, L Desjardins, L Couture, F Bergeron, M Lacroix, L Dufresne, J Belanger, D Ouellet, P A Hewitt, L A Pirc, L Gyger, M Cancer-ChemotherPharmacol. 1999; 43(6): 503-6 0344-5704

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VAMP and low-dose, involved-field radiation for children and adolescents with favorable, early-stage Hodgkin's disease: results of a prospective clinical trial. Author(s): Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA. [email protected] Source: Donaldson, Sarah S Hudson, Melissa M Lamborn, Kathleen R Link, Michael P Kun, Larry Billett, Amy Louise Marcus, Karen C Hurwitz, Craig A Young, Jeffrey A Tarbell, Nancy J Weinstein, Howard J J-Clin-Oncol. 2002 July 15; 20(14): 3081-7 0732183X

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Vinblastine for recurrent Hodgkin's disease following autologous bone marrow transplant. Author(s): Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Source: Little, R Wittes, R E Longo, D L Wilson, W H J-Clin-Oncol. 1998 February; 16(2): 584-8 0732-183X

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VIP (etoposide, ifosfamide and cisplatinum) as a salvage intensification program in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Service de Medecine C, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France. Source: Ribrag, V Nasr, F Bouhris, J H Bosq, J Brault, P Girinsky, T Cosset, J M Munck, J N Corti, C Decaudin, D Pico, J L Hayat, M Carde, P Bone-Marrow-Transplant. 1998 May; 21(10): 969-74 0268-3369

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What is the value of autologous bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of relapsed or resistant Hodgkin's disease? Author(s): Department of Haematology, University College Hospital, School of Medicine, London, U.K. Source: McMillan, A Goldstone, A Leuk-Res. 1991; 15(4): 237-43 0145-2126

Federal Resources on Nutrition In addition to the IBIDS, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provide many sources of information on general nutrition and health. Recommended resources include: •

healthfinder®, HHS’s gateway to health information, including diet and nutrition: http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/SearchContext.asp?topic=238&page=0

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The United States Department of Agriculture’s Web site dedicated to nutrition information: www.nutrition.gov

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The Food and Drug Administration’s Web site for federal food safety information: www.foodsafety.gov

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The National Action Plan on Overweight and Obesity sponsored by the United States Surgeon General: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/

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The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition has an Internet site sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/

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Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.usda.gov/cnpp/

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Food and Nutrition Information Center, National Agricultural Library sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/

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Food and Nutrition Service sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.fns.usda.gov/fns/

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering food and nutrition. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=174&layer=&from=subcats

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_nutrition.html

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Nutrition/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Nutrition/

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Nutrition/

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WebMD®Health: http://my.webmd.com/nutrition

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

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CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND HODGKIN’S DISEASE Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to Hodgkin’s disease. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources.

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to Hodgkin’s disease and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “Hodgkin’s disease” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to Hodgkin’s disease: •

2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose imaging with positron emission tomography for initial staging of Hodgkin's disease and lymphoma. Author(s): Delbeke D, Martin WH, Morgan DS, Kinney MC, Feurer I, Kovalsky E, Arrowsmith T, Greer JP. Source: Molecular Imaging and Biology : Mib : the Official Publication of the Academy of Molecular Imaging. 2002 January; 4(1): 105-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14538054&dopt=Abstract

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2-Fluorine-18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D glucose positron emission tomography in the pretreatment staging of Hodgkin's disease: influence on patient management in a single institution. Author(s): Partridge S, Timothy A, O'Doherty MJ, Hain SF, Rankin S, Mikhaeel G.

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Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2000 October; 11(10): 1273-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11106116&dopt=Abstract •

99Tcm-tetrofosmin scintigraphy in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Aigner RM, Fueger GF, Zinke W, Sill H. Source: Nuclear Medicine Communications. 1997 March; 18(3): 252-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9106779&dopt=Abstract

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A case of primary refractory Hodgkin's disease treated successfully with paclitaxel. Author(s): Kallab AM, Dainer P. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1999 March; 60(3): 248. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10072122&dopt=Abstract

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A cure model with time-changing risk factor: an application to the analysis of secondary leukaemia. A report from the International Database on Hodgkin's Disease. Author(s): Tsodikov A, Loeffler M, Yakovlev A. Source: Statistics in Medicine. 1998 January 15; 17(1): 27-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9463847&dopt=Abstract

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A limited role for VEEP (vincristine, etoposide, epirubicin, prednisolone) chemotherapy in childhood Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Shankar AG, Ashley S, Atra A, Kingston JE, Mott M, Pinkerton CR. Source: European Journal of Cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). 1998 December; 34(13): 2058-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10070311&dopt=Abstract

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A phase I study of interleukin-6 after autologous bone marrow transplantation for patients with poor prognosis Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Imrie KR, Sheridan B, Colwill R, Crump M, Stewart AK, McCrae J, Danish R, Sutton D, Romeyer F, Keating A. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1997 May; 25(5-6): 555-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9250827&dopt=Abstract

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A prospective clinical trial comparing chemotherapy, radiotherapy and combined therapy in the treatment of early stage Hodgkin's disease with bulky disease. Author(s): Aviles A, Delgado S. Source: Clinical and Laboratory Haematology. 1998 April; 20(2): 95-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9681219&dopt=Abstract

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A randomized trial of chemotherapy with carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan (BEAM) plus peripheral stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) vs single-agent

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high-dose chemotherapy followed by BEAM plus PBSCT in patients with relapsed Hodgkin's disease (HD-R2). Author(s): Glossmann JP, Josting A, Pfistner B, Paulus U, Engert A; German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group (GHSG). Source: Annals of Hematology. 2002 August; 81(8): 424-9. Epub 2002 August 15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12223998&dopt=Abstract •

ABVD and radiation therapy as first-line treatment in advanced Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Zinzani PL, Magagnoli M, Frezza G, Barbieri E, Gherlinzoni F, Galuppi A, Bendandi M, Merla E, Albertini P, Babini L, Tura S. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1999 February; 32(5-6): 553-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10048428&dopt=Abstract

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ABVD chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Molnar Z, Schneider T, Varady E, Fleischmann T. Source: Neoplasma. 1997; 44(4): 263-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9473781&dopt=Abstract

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Activity of infusional etoposide, vincristine, and doxorubicin with bolus cyclophosphamide (EPOCH) in relapsed Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Stokoe CT, Ogden J, Jain VK. Source: The Oncologist. 2001; 6(5): 428-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11675520&dopt=Abstract

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Acute hematologic toxicity and practicability of dose-intensified BEACOPP chemotherapy for advanced stage Hodgkin's disease. German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group (GHSG). Author(s): Engel C, Loeffler M, Schmitz S, Tesch H, Diehl V. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2000 September; 11(9): 1105-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11061603&dopt=Abstract

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Advanced Hodgkin's disease: ABVD is better, yet is not good enough! Author(s): Diehl V. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 February 15; 21(4): 583-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12586791&dopt=Abstract

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Advanced stage and unfavorable Hodgkin's disease in the Chinese-a 20-year experience. Author(s): Chim CS, Kwong YL, Lie AK, Lee CK, Ho FC, Liang R.

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Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1999 July; 61(3): 159-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10398307&dopt=Abstract •

Aggressive conventional chemotherapy compared with high-dose chemotherapy with autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation for relapsed chemosensitive Hodgkin's disease: a randomised trial. Author(s): Schmitz N, Pfistner B, Sextro M, Sieber M, Carella AM, Haenel M, Boissevain F, Zschaber R, Muller P, Kirchner H, Lohri A, Decker S, Koch B, Hasenclever D, Goldstone AH, Diehl V; German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group; Lymphoma Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Source: Lancet. 2002 June 15; 359(9323): 2065-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12086759&dopt=Abstract

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Alternating combination chemotherapy C-MOPP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone) and ABVd (adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) in clinical stage II-IV Hodgkin's disease: a multicenter phase II study (JCOG 8905). The Lymphoma Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group. Author(s): Takenaka T, Mikuni C, Miura A, Sasaki T, Suzuki H, Hotta T, Hirano M, Fukuhara S, Sugiyama H, Nasu K, Dohi H, Kozuru M, Tomonaga M, Tajima K, Niimi M, Fukuda H, Mukai K, Shimoyama M. Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2000 March; 30(3): 146-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10798542&dopt=Abstract

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Alternating MOPP and ABVD chemotherapy plus mantle-field radiation therapy in patients with massive mediastinal Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Longo DL, Glatstein E, Duffey PL, Young RC, Ihde DC, Bastian AW, Wilson WH, Wittes RE, Jaffe ES, Hubbard SM, DeVita VT Jr. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1997 November; 15(11): 3338-46. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9363863&dopt=Abstract

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Analysis of in-field control and late toxicity for adults with early-stage Hodgkin's disease treated with chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. Author(s): Chronowski GM, Wilder RB, Tucker SL, Ha CS, Younes A, Fayad L, Rodriguez MA, Hagemeister FB, Barista I, Cabanillas F, Cox JD. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2003 January 1; 55(1): 36-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12504034&dopt=Abstract

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Analysis of treatment results in advanced Hodgkin's disease: the case for adjuvant radiotherapy. Author(s): Dyduch M, Skolyszewski J, Korzeniowski S, Sokolowski A.

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Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2003 July 1; 56(3): 634-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12788168&dopt=Abstract •

Aortic dissection in a patient receiving chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease--a case report. Author(s): Golden MA, Vaughn DJ, Crooks GW, Holland GA, Bavaria JE. Source: Angiology. 1997 December; 48(12): 1063-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9404833&dopt=Abstract

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Are ABVD and MOPP/ABV truly equivalent for treating Hodgkin's disease at advanced stages? Author(s): Andrieu JM, Colonna P. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1998 June; 16(6): 2283. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9626234&dopt=Abstract

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Assessment of cardiac and pulmonary function in adult patients with Hodgkin's disease treated with ABVD or MOPP/ABVD plus adjuvant low-dose mediastinal irradiation. Author(s): Salloum E, Tanoue LT, Wackers FJ, Zelterman D, Hu GL, Cooper DL. Source: Cancer Investigation. 1999; 17(3): 171-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10099655&dopt=Abstract

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Association between alopecia and response to aggressive chemotherapy in patients with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Lishner M, Manor Y, Kitay-Cohen Y, Avishay AE. Source: Medical Hypotheses. 1999 November; 53(5): 447-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10616048&dopt=Abstract

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Augmented therapy of extensive Hodgkin's disease: radiation to known disease or prolongation of induction chemotherapy did not improve survival--results of a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study. Author(s): Coleman M, Rafla S, Propert KJ, Glicksman A, Peterson B, Nissen N, Brunner K, Holland JF, Anderson JR, Gottlieb A, Kaufman T. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 1998 June 1; 41(3): 639-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9635714&dopt=Abstract

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Autografting followed by nonmyeloablative immunosuppressive chemotherapy and allogeneic peripheral-blood hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation as treatment of resistant Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Carella AM, Cavaliere M, Lerma E, Ferrara R, Tedeschi L, Romanelli A, Vinci M, Pinotti G, Lambelet P, Loni C, Verdiani S, De Stefano F, Valbonesi M, Corsetti MT.

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Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2000 December 1; 18(23): 3918-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11099321&dopt=Abstract •

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for poor prognostic Hodgkin's disease (HD): comparative results with two CBV regimens and importance of disease status at transplant. Author(s): Arranz R, Tomas JF, Gil-Fernandez JJ, Martinez-Chamorro C, Granados E, Alegre A, Figuera A, Vazquez L, Camara R, Fernandez-Ranada JM. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 1998 April; 21(8): 779-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9603401&dopt=Abstract

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Autotransplantation for relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's disease: long-term followup and analysis of prognostic factors. Author(s): Lancet JE, Rapoport AP, Brasacchio R, Eberly S, Raubertas RF, Linder T, Muhs A, Duerst RE, Abboud CN, Packman CH, DiPersio JF, Constine LS, Rowe JM, Liesveld JL. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 1998 August; 22(3): 265-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9720740&dopt=Abstract

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BEACOPP: a new regimen for advanced Hodgkin's disease. German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group. Author(s): Diehl V, Franklin J, Hasenclever D, Tesch H, Pfreundschuh M, Lathan B, Paulus U, Sieber M, Ruffer JU, Sextro M, Engert A, Wolf J, Hermann R, Holmer L, Stappert-Jahn U, Winnerlein-Trump E, Wulf G, Krause S, Glunz A, von Kalle K, Bischoff H, Haedicke C, Duhmke E, Georgii A, Loeffler M. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1998; 9 Suppl 5: S67-71. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9926240&dopt=Abstract

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BEACOPP: an intensified chemotherapy regimen in advanced Hodgkin's disease. The German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group. Author(s): Diehl V, Sieber M, Ruffer U, Lathan B, Hasenclever D, Pfreundschuh M, Loeffler M, Lieberz D, Koch P, Adler M, Tesch H. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1997 February; 8(2): 143-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9093722&dopt=Abstract

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Bleomycin, lomustine, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine and prednisone (BLEO-CCVPP) in patients with Hodgkin's disease who relapsed after radiotherapy alone: a long-term follow-up study of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (E3481). Author(s): Wiernik PH, Leong T, Oken MM, Neiman RS, Habermann TM, Bennett JM, Schuster S, Glick JH.

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Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2001 January; 40(3-4): 357-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11426558&dopt=Abstract •

British National Lymphoma Investigation: pilot studies of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in clinical stage Ia and IIa Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Moody AM, Pratt J, Hudson GV, Smith P, Lamont A, Williams MV. Source: Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2001; 13(4): 262-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11554622&dopt=Abstract

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Can (18)F-FDG PET after first cycle chemotherapy predict the efficacy of therapy in Hodgkin's disease? Author(s): Rigacci L, Castagnoli A, Carpaneto A, Carrai V, Vaggelli L, Matteini M. Source: Haematologica. 2002 May; 87(5): Elt24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12010684&dopt=Abstract

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Can positron emission tomography with [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose after first-line treatment distinguish Hodgkin's disease patients who need additional therapy from others in whom additional therapy would mean avoidable toxicity? Author(s): Spaepen K, Stroobants S, Dupont P, Thomas J, Vandenberghe P, Balzarini J, De Wolf-Peeters C, Mortelmans L, Verhoef G. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2001 November; 115(2): 272-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11703321&dopt=Abstract

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CD20 expression in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of classical Hodgkin's disease: associations with presenting features and clinical outcome. Author(s): Rassidakis GZ, Medeiros LJ, Viviani S, Bonfante V, Nadali GP, Vassilakopoulos TP, Mesina O, Herling M, Angelopoulou MK, Giardini R, Chilosi M, Kittas C, McLaughlin P, Rodriguez MA, Romaguera J, Bonadonna G, Gianni AM, Pizzolo G, Pangalis GA, Cabanillas F, Sarris AH. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 March 1; 20(5): 1278-87. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11870170&dopt=Abstract

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Challenging cases and diagnostic dilemmas: case 2. Pitfalls of positron emission tomography for assessing residual mediastinal mass after chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Bomanji JB, Syed R, Brock C, Jankowska P, Dogan A, Costa DC, Ell PJ, Lee SM. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 August 1; 20(15): 3347-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12149309&dopt=Abstract

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Changing role and decreasing size: current trends in radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Yahalom J. Source: Current Oncology Reports. 2002 September; 4(5): 415-23. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12162917&dopt=Abstract

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Chemotherapy consisting of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine with granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor in HIV-infected patients with newly diagnosed Hodgkin's disease: a prospective, multi-institutional AIDS clinical trials group study (ACTG 149). Author(s): Levine AM, Li P, Cheung T, Tulpule A, Von Roenn J, Nathwani BN, Ratner L. Source: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999). 2000 August 15; 24(5): 444-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11035615&dopt=Abstract

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Chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Ekert H. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 2003 September 18; 349(12): 1186-7; Author Reply 1186-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=13679536&dopt=Abstract

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ChlVPP alternating with PABlOE is superior to PABlOE alone in the initial treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease: results of a British National Lymphoma Investigation/Central Lymphoma Group randomized controlled trial. Author(s): Hancock BW, Gregory WM, Cullen MH, Hudson GV, Burton A, Selby P, Maclennan KA, Jack A, Bessell EM, Smith P, Linch DC; British National Lymphoma Investigation; Central Lymphoma Group. Source: British Journal of Cancer. 2001 May 18; 84(10): 1293-300. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11355937&dopt=Abstract

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ChlVPP chemotherapy in children with stage IV Hodgkin's disease: results of the UKCCSG HD 8201 and HD 9201 studies. Author(s): Atra A, Higgs E, Capra M, Elsworth A, Imeson J, Radford M, Hewitt M; UKCCSG/Hodgkin's Disease Group. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 December; 119(3): 647-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12437639&dopt=Abstract

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ChlVPP/ABV-VP16 hybrid regimen for advanced Hodgkin's disease: a study in 36 patients. Author(s): Saletti P, Zucca E, Gueneau M, Peccatori F, Cavalli F, Martinelli G. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1999 April; 33(3-4): 313-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10221511&dopt=Abstract

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ChlVPP/EVA hybrid versus the weekly VAPEC-B regimen for previously untreated Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Radford JA, Rohatiner AZ, Ryder WD, Deakin DP, Barbui T, Lucie NP, Rossi A, Dunlop DJ, Cowan RA, Wilkinson PM, Gupta RK, James RD, Shamash J, Chang J, Crowther D, Lister TA. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 July 1; 20(13): 2988-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12089229&dopt=Abstract

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Circulating immune complexes in advanced Hodgkin's disease: qualitative analysis and prognostic significance. Author(s): Tomasevic Z, Jelic S. Source: Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2000; 48(3): 195-200. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10912625&dopt=Abstract

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Clinical relevance of positron emission tomography (PET) in treatment control and relapse of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Lang O, Bihl H, Hultenschmidt B, Sautter-Bihl ML. Source: Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie : Organ Der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft. [et Al]. 2001 March; 177(3): 138-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11285771&dopt=Abstract

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Communication challenges in a young man with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Medoff E. Source: Cancer Practice. 2001 November-December; 9(6): 272-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11879328&dopt=Abstract

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Comparison of chemotherapy to radiotherapy as consolidation of complete or good partial response after six cycles of chemotherapy for patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease: results of the groupe d'etudes des lymphomes de l'Adulte H89 trial. Author(s): Ferme C, Sebban C, Hennequin C, Divine M, Lederlin P, Gabarre J, Ferrant A, Caillot D, Bordessoule D, Brice P, Moullet I, Berger F, Lepage E. Source: Blood. 2000 April 1; 95(7): 2246-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10733492&dopt=Abstract

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Conventional salvage chemotherapy vs. high-dose therapy with autografting for recurrent or refractory Hodgkin's disease patients. Author(s): Anselmo AP, Meloni G, Cavalieri E, Proia A, Enrici RM, Funaro D, Pescarmona E, Mandelli F. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2000 February; 79(2): 79-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10741919&dopt=Abstract

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Coxalgia as the initial symptom in Hodgkin's disease: a case report. Author(s): Sekine I, Sasaki Y, Hasebe T, Umeda T, Mukai K. Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1997 October; 27(5): 353-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9390217&dopt=Abstract

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Current clinical trials for the treatment of advanced-stage Hodgkin's disease: BEACOPP. Author(s): Franklin J, Diehl V. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2002; 13 Suppl 1: 98-101. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12078913&dopt=Abstract

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Cutaneous granulomas as the first manifestation of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Macaya A, Servitje O, Moreno A, Peyri J. Source: Eur J Dermatol. 2003 May-June; 13(3): 299-301. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12804995&dopt=Abstract

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Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, and etoposide (CHOPE) for advanced-stage Hodgkin's disease: CALGB 8856. Author(s): Lester EP, Petroni GR, Barcos M, Johnson JL, Millard FE, Cooper MR, Omura GA, Frei E 3rd, Peterson BA. Source: Cancer Investigation. 2001; 19(5): 447-58. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11458812&dopt=Abstract

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Does bulky disease at diagnosis influence outcome in childhood Hodgkin's disease and require higher radiation doses? Results from the German-Austrian Pediatric Multicenter Trial DAL-HD-90. Author(s): Dieckmann K, Potter R, Hofmann J, Heinzl H, Wagner W, Schellong G; Pediatric Cooperative Hodgkin Disease Study Group of the GPOH. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2003 July 1; 56(3): 644-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12788169&dopt=Abstract

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Dose-response relationship of complementary radiotherapy following four cycles of combination chemotherapy in intermediate-stage Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Loeffler M, Diehl V, Pfreundschuh M, Ruhl U, Hasenclever D, Nisters-Backes H, Sieber M, Tesch H, Franklin J, Geilen W, Bartels H, Cartoni C, Dolken G, Enzian J, Fuchs R, Gassmann W, Gerhartz H, Hagen-Aukamp U, Hiller E, Hinkelbein H, Hinterberger W, Kirchner H, Koch P, Kruger B, Schwarze EW, et al. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1997 June; 15(6): 2275-87. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9196141&dopt=Abstract

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Double high-dose therapy for Hodgkin's disease with dose-intensive cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and cisplatin (DICEP) prior to high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation. Author(s): Stewart DA, Guo D, Gluck S, Morris D, Chaudhry A, deMetz C, Klassen J, Brown CB, Russell JA. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2000 August; 26(4): 383-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10982284&dopt=Abstract

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Early detection of relapse by whole-body positron emission tomography in the follow-up of patients with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Jerusalem G, Beguin Y, Fassotte MF, Belhocine T, Hustinx R, Rigo P, Fillet G. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2003 January; 14(1): 123-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12488304&dopt=Abstract

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Early response to chemotherapy: a surrogate for final outcome of Hodgkin's disease patients that should influence initial treatment length and intensity? Author(s): Carde P, Koscielny S, Franklin J, Axdorph U, Raemaekers J, Diehl V, Aleman B, Brosteanu O, Hasenclever D, Oberlin O, Bonvin N, Bjorkholm M. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2002; 13 Suppl 1: 86-91. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12078910&dopt=Abstract

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EBVD combination chemotherapy plus low dose involved field radiation is a highly effective treatment modality for early stage Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Angelopoulou MK, Vassilakopoulos TP, Siakantaris MP, Kontopidou FN, Boussiotis VA, Papavassiliou C, Kittas C, Pangalis GA. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2000 March; 37(1-2): 131-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10721777&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of an intensive chemotherapy followed by mediastinal irradiation on pulmonary and cardiac function in advanced Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Villani F, Fede Catania A, Laffranchi A, Maffioli L, Viviani S, Bonfante V. Source: Cancer Investigation. 2003 April; 21(2): 185-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12743983&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of Epstein-Barr virus infection on response to chemotherapy and survival in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Murray PG, Billingham LJ, Hassan HT, Flavell JR, Nelson PN, Scott K, Reynolds G, Constandinou CM, Kerr DJ, Devey EC, Crocker J, Young LS. Source: Blood. 1999 July 15; 94(2): 442-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10397711&dopt=Abstract

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Efficacy and toxicity of a CCNU-containing high-dose chemotherapy regimen followed by autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Stuart MJ, Chao NS, Horning SJ, Wong RM, Negrin RS, Johnston LJ, Shizuru JA, Long GD, Blume KG, Stockerl-Goldstein KE. Source: Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 2001; 7(10): 552-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11760087&dopt=Abstract

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Efficacy of standard treatment in patients with Hodgkin's disease--a single center experience. Author(s): Geissler K, Gisslinger H, Knobl P, Sperr W, Valent P, Dieckmann K, Chott A, Potter R, Lechner K, Jager U. Source: Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. 2000 July 28; 112(14): 624-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11008324&dopt=Abstract

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Efficacy of the VBM regimen in the treatment of elderly patients with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Zinzani PL, Magagnoli M, Bendandi M, Barbieri E, Galuppi A, Gherlinzoni F, Tani M, Albertini P, Stefoni V, Babini L, Tura S. Source: Haematologica. 2000 July; 85(7): 729-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10897125&dopt=Abstract

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ESHAP is an active regimen for relapsing Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Aparicio J, Segura A, Garcera S, Oltra A, Santaballa A, Yuste A, Pastor M. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1999 May; 10(5): 593-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10416011&dopt=Abstract

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Evaluation of treatment response in patients with lymphoma using [18F]FDG-PET: differences between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Spaepen K, Mortelmans L. Source: Q J Nucl Med. 2001 September; 45(3): 269-73. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11788819&dopt=Abstract

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Favorable outcome of patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's disease treated with high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell rescue at the time of maximal response to conventional salvage therapy (Dex-BEAM). Author(s): Josting A, Katay I, Rueffer U, Winter S, Tesch H, Engert A, Diehl V, Wickramanayake PD. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1998 March; 9(3): 289-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9602263&dopt=Abstract

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Fertility after treatment for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Blumenfeld Z, Dann E, Avivi I, Epelbaum R, Rowe JM. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2002; 13 Suppl 1: 138-47. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12078896&dopt=Abstract

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Fifteen-year secondary leukaemia risk observed in 761 patients with Hodgkin's disease prospectively treated by MOPP or ABVD chemotherapy plus high-dose irradiation. Author(s): Delwail V, Jais JP, Colonna P, Andrieu JM. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 July; 118(1): 189-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12100147&dopt=Abstract

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Functional imaging of Hodgkin's disease with FDG-PET and gallium-67. Author(s): Willkomm P, Palmedo H, Grunwald F, Ruhlmann J, Biersack HJ. Source: Nuklearmedizin. 1998; 37(7): 251-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9830616&dopt=Abstract

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Gallium scans in the management of patients with Hodgkin's disease: a study of 101 patients. Author(s): Salloum E, Brandt DS, Caride VJ, Cornelius E, Zelterman D, Schubert W, Mannino T, Cooper DL. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1997 February; 15(2): 518-27. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9053473&dopt=Abstract

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G-CSF (filgrastim) as an adjunct to MOPP/ABVD therapy in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Gustavsson A. Source: Acta Oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). 1997; 36(5): 483-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9292744&dopt=Abstract

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Gemcitabine is active in relapsed Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Lucas JB, Horwitz SM, Horning SJ, Sayegh A. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1999 August; 17(8): 2627-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10561333&dopt=Abstract

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Gluteal manifestation of advanced Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Ariad S, Hatskelzon L, Benharroch D, Geffen DB. Source: Skeletal Radiology. 1997 October; 26(10): 622-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9361361&dopt=Abstract

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Gonadal function following ABVD therapy for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Kulkarni SS, Sastry PS, Saikia TK, Parikh PM, Gopal R, Advani SH. Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology : the Official Publication of the American Radium Society. 1997 August; 20(4): 354-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9256888&dopt=Abstract

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Granuloma annulare associated with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Setoyama M, Kerdel FA, Byrnes JJ, Kanzaki T. Source: International Journal of Dermatology. 1997 June; 36(6): 445-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9248891&dopt=Abstract

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Greater curability in advanced Hodgkin's disease? Author(s): Portlock CS. Source: Cancer J Sci Am. 1999 September-October; 5(5): 264-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10526665&dopt=Abstract

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Henoch-Schonlein purpura associated with segmental and focal proliferative glomerulonephritis in a patient with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Blanco P, Denisi R, Rispal P, Deminiere C, Pellegrin JL, Leng B, Aparicio M. Source: Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 1999 January; 14(1): 179-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10052501&dopt=Abstract

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High cure rates and reduced long-term toxicity in pediatric Hodgkin's disease: the German-Austrian multicenter trial DAL-HD-90. The German-Austrian Pediatric Hodgkin's Disease Study Group. Author(s): Schellong G, Potter R, Bramswig J, Wagner W, Prott FJ, Dorffel W, Korholz D, Mann G, Rath B, Reiter A, Weissbach G, Riepenhausen M, Thiemann M, Schwarze EW. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1999 December; 17(12): 3736-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10577845&dopt=Abstract

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High dose ifosfamide in combination with etoposide and epirubicin followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in the treatment of relapsed/refractory Hodgkin's disease: a report on toxicity and efficacy. Author(s): Jackson GH, Angus B, Carey PJ, Finney RD, Galloway MJ, Goff DK, Haynes A, Lennard AL, Leonard RC, McQuaker IG, Proctor SJ, Russell N, Windebank K, Taylor PR; Scotland and Newcastle Lymphoma Group. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2000 May; 37(5-6): 561-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11042516&dopt=Abstract

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High-dose BEAM chemotherapy with autologous haemopoietic stem cell transplantation for Hodgkin's disease is unlikely to be associated with a major

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increased risk of secondary MDS/AML. Author(s): Harrison CN, Gregory W, Hudson GV, Devereux S, Goldstone AH, Hancock B, Winfield D, MacMillan AK, Hoskin P, Newland AC, Milligan D, Linch DC. Source: British Journal of Cancer. 1999 October; 81(3): 476-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10507773&dopt=Abstract •

High-dose BEAM chemotherapy with autologous peripheral blood progenitor-cell transplantation for unselected patients with primary refractory or relapsed Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Argiris A, Seropian S, Cooper DL. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2000 June; 11(6): 665-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10942053&dopt=Abstract

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High-dose cyclophosphamide, carmustine, and etoposide with autologous transplantation in Hodgkin's disease: a prognostic model for treatment outcomes. Author(s): Wheeler C, Eickhoff C, Elias A, Ibrahim J, Ayash L, McCauley M, Mauch P, Schwartz G, Eder JP, Mazanet R, Ferrara J, Rimm IJ, Guinan E, Bierer B, Gilliland G, Churchill WH, Ault K, Parsons S, Antman K, Schnipper L, Tepler I, Gaynes L, Frei E 3rd, Kadin M, Antin J. Source: Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 1997 June; 3(2): 98-106. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9267670&dopt=Abstract

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High-dose ifosfamide and vinorelbine as salvage therapy for relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Bonfante V, Viviani S, Devizzi L, Di Russo A, Di Nicola M, Magni M, Matteucci P, Grisanti S, Valagussa P, Bonadonna G, Gianni AM. Source: European Journal of Haematology. Supplementum. 2001 July; (64): 51-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11486403&dopt=Abstract

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High-dose ifosfamide in combination with etoposide and epirubicin (IVE) in the treatment of relapsed/refractory Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a report on toxicity and efficacy. Author(s): Proctor SJ, Taylor PR, Angus B, Wood K, Lennard AL, Lucraft H, Carey PJ, Stark A, Iqbal A, Haynes A, Russel N, Leonard RC, Culligan D, Conn J, Jackson GH. Source: European Journal of Haematology. Supplementum. 2001 July; (64): 28-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11486397&dopt=Abstract

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High-dose therapy in patients with Hodgkin's disease: the use of selected CD34(+) cells is as safe as unmanipulated peripheral blood progenitor cells. Author(s): Blystad AK, Holte H, Kvaloy S, Smeland E, Delabie J, Kvalheim G. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2001 November; 28(9): 849-57. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11781645&dopt=Abstract

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HIV-associated Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Powles T, Bower M. Source: International Journal of Std & Aids. 2000 August; 11(8): 492-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10990330&dopt=Abstract

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HIV-related Hodgkin's disease with central nervous system involvement and association with Epstein-Barr virus. Author(s): Massarweh S, Udden MM, Shahab I, Kroll M, Sears DA, Lynch GR, Teh BS, Lu HH. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 2003 March; 72(3): 216-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12605396&dopt=Abstract

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Hodgkin's disease and the risk of acute leukemia in successfully treated patients. Author(s): Valagussa P, Bonadonna G. Source: Haematologica. 1998 September; 83(9): 769-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9825571&dopt=Abstract

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Hodgkin's disease as a second malignant neoplasm in childhood: report of a case and review of the literature. Author(s): Ragusa R, Russo S, Villari L, Schiliro G. Source: Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. 2001 September; 18(6): 407-14. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11554236&dopt=Abstract

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Hodgkin's disease complicated by the nephrotic syndrome in a man with KugelbergWelander disease. Author(s): Thomson JA, Seymour JF, Wolf M. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2001 July; 42(3): 561-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11699426&dopt=Abstract

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Hodgkin's disease following extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma in remission. Author(s): Shimizu K, Hara K, Yatabe Y. Source: International Journal of Hematology. 1999 February; 69(2): 96-100. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10071458&dopt=Abstract

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Hodgkin's disease in 35 patients with HIV infection: an experience with epirubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and prednisone chemotherapy in combination with antiretroviral therapy and primary use of G-CSF. Author(s): Errante D, Gabarre J, Ridolfo AL, Rossi G, Nosari AM, Gisselbrecht C, Kerneis Y, Mazzetti F, Vaccher E, Talamini R, Carbone A, Tirelli U.

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Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1999 February; 10(2): 189-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10093688&dopt=Abstract •

Hodgkin's disease in 82 Turkish children diagnosed over a 10-year period: epidemiological, clinical, and histopathologic features and prognosis with prolonged chemotherapy. Author(s): Ertem U, Duru F, Dagdemir A, Tacyildiz N, Pamir A, Akcayoz A, Uluoglu O, Tezic T. Source: Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. 1997 July-August; 14(4): 359-66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9211540&dopt=Abstract

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Hodgkin's disease in children in southern Africa: epidemiological characteristics, morbidity and long-term outcome. Author(s): Hesseling PB, Wessels G, Van Jaarsveld D, Van Riet FA. Source: Annals of Tropical Paediatrics. 1997 December; 17(4): 367-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9578798&dopt=Abstract

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Hodgkin's disease in HIV-infected patients: report of eight cases usefully treated with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine (ABVD) plus granulocyte colony- stimulating factor. Author(s): Gastaldi R, Martino P, Gentile G, Picardi V, De Propris MS, Pirillo MF, De Vellis A, Mandelli F. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2002 July; 13(7): 1158-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12176798&dopt=Abstract

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Hodgkin's disease in the elderly: improved treatment outcome with a doxorubicincontaining regimen. Author(s): Weekes CD, Vose JM, Lynch JC, Weisenburger DD, Bierman PJ, Greiner T, Bociek G, Enke C, Bast M, Chan WC, Armitage JO; Nebraska Lymphoma Study Group. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 February 15; 20(4): 1087-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11844834&dopt=Abstract

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Hodgkin's disease with primary manifestation in the liver. Author(s): Chim CS, Choy C, Ooi CG, Liang R. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2000 May; 37(5-6): 629-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11042525&dopt=Abstract

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Hodgkin's disease, work, and the environment. A review. Author(s): McCunney RJ.

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Source: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 1999 January; 41(1): 36-46. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9924719&dopt=Abstract •

Hodgkin's disease: clinical presentation and treatment. Author(s): Tirelli U, Vaccher E, Spina M, Carbone A. Source: Cancer Treat Res. 2001; 104: 247-65. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11191130&dopt=Abstract

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Hodgkin's disease--clinical trials and travails. Author(s): DeVita VT Jr. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 2003 June 12; 348(24): 2375-6. Erratum In: N Engl J Med. 2003 July 10; 349(2): 202. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12802021&dopt=Abstract

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Ifosfamide and vinorelbine: an active regimen for patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Bonfante V, Viviani S, Santoro A, Devizzi L, Di Russo A, Zanini M, Soncini F, Soto Parra H, Valagussa P, Bonadonna G. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 1998 November; 103(2): 533-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9827930&dopt=Abstract

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Ifosfamide, epirubicin and etoposide (IEV) in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease: the Italian experience. Author(s): Zinzani PL. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2003; 14 Suppl 1: I43-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12736231&dopt=Abstract

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Incidence of post transplant myelodysplasia/acute leukemia in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients compared with Hodgkin's disease patients undergoing autologous transplantation following cyclophosphamide, carmustine, and etoposide (CBV). Author(s): Wheeler C, Khurshid A, Ibrahim J, Elias A, Mauch P, Ault K, Antin J. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2001 February; 40(5-6): 499-509. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11426523&dopt=Abstract

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Intensified ABVP chemotherapy for the primary treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Spector N, Costa MA, Morais JC, Biasoli I, Solza C, De Fatima Gaui M, Ferreira CG, Portugal RD, Loureiro M, Nucci M, Pulcheri W. Source: Oncol Rep. 2002 March-April; 9(2): 439-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11836623&dopt=Abstract

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Intensive salvage therapy with high-dose chemotherapy for patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease in relapse or failure after initial chemotherapy: results of the Groupe d'Etudes des Lymphomes de l'Adulte H89 Trial. Author(s): Ferme C, Mounier N, Divine M, Brice P, Stamatoullas A, Reman O, Voillat L, Jaubert J, Lederlin P, Colin P, Berger F, Salles G. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 January 15; 20(2): 467-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11786576&dopt=Abstract

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Intensive therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation as first-line therapy in poor-risk Hodgkin's disease and analysis of predictive factors of outcome. Author(s): Delain M, Cartron G, Bout M, Benboubker L, Linassier C, Lamagnere JP, Colombat P. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1999 July; 34(3-4): 305-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10439367&dopt=Abstract

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Intracranial Hodgkin's disease in two patients with familial Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Ashigbi MY, Venkatraj U, Agarwal V, Bello J, Wiernik PH. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1997 April; 28(4): 255-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9078321&dopt=Abstract

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Is escalated BEACOPP a standard therapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease? Author(s): Carde P, Cavalli F, Diehl V, Franklin J. Source: The Hematology Journal : the Official Journal of the European Haematology Association / Eha. 2000; 1(4): 282-90. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11920203&dopt=Abstract

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Large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease arising synchronously in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: importance of immunocytochemistry. Author(s): Gopal AK, Schuetze SM, Maloney DG, Weiden PL. Source: Blood. 1999 October 1; 94(7): 2537. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10576806&dopt=Abstract

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Late pulmonary toxicity after treatment for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Villani F, De Maria P, Bonfante V, Viviani S, Laffranchi A, Dell'oca I, Dirusso A, Zanini M. Source: Anticancer Res. 1997 November-December; 17(6D): 4739-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9494599&dopt=Abstract

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Localized childhood Hodgkin's disease: response-adapted chemotherapy with etoposide, bleomycin, vinblastine, and prednisone before low-dose radiation therapyresults of the French Society of Pediatric Oncology Study MDH90. Author(s): Landman-Parker J, Pacquement H, Leblanc T, Habrand JL, Terrier-Lacombe

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MJ, Bertrand Y, Perel Y, Robert A, Coze C, Thuret I, Donadieu J, Schaison G, Leverger G, Lemerle J, Oberlin O. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2000 April; 18(7): 1500-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10735898&dopt=Abstract •

Lomustine and melphalan cannot be replaced by cyclophosphamide and etoposide without reducing efficacy in MOPPEBVCAD chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Gobbi PG, Broglia C, Berte R, Petrilli MP, Molica S, Angrilli F, Iannitto E, Ghirardelli ML, Di Renzo N, Cavanna L, Ascari E. Source: Haematologica. 2000 July; 85(7): 722-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10897124&dopt=Abstract

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Long-term follow-up in patients treated with Mini-BEAM as salvage therapy for relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Martin A, Fernandez-Jimenez MC, Caballero MD, Canales MA, Perez-Simon JA, Garcia de Bustos J, Vazquez L, Hernandez-Navarro F, San Miguel JF. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2001 April; 113(1): 161-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11328296&dopt=Abstract

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Long-term results of an intensive regimen: VEBEP plus involved-field radiotherapy in advanced Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Viviani S, Bonfante V, Santoro A, Zanini M, Devizzi L, Di Russo AD, Soncini F, Villani F, Ragni G, Valagussa P, Bonadonna G. Source: Cancer J Sci Am. 1999 September-October; 5(5): 275-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10526668&dopt=Abstract

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Long-term results of conventional-dose salvage chemotherapy in patients with refractory and relapsed Hodgkin's disease (Croatian experience). Author(s): Radman I, Basic N, Labar B, Kovacevic J, Aurer I, Bogdanic V, ZupancicSalek S, Nemet D, Jakic-Razumovic J, Mrsic M, Santek F, Grgic-Markulin L, Boban D. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2002 October; 13(10): 1650-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12377656&dopt=Abstract

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Low risk of secondary leukemias after chemotherapy without mechlorethamine in childhood Hodgkin's disease. German-Austrian Pediatric Hodgkin's Disease Group. Author(s): Schellong G, Riepenhausen M, Creutzig U, Ritter J, Harbott J, Mann G, Gadner H. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1997 June; 15(6): 2247-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9196137&dopt=Abstract

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Lung cancer after Hodgkin's disease: a nested case-control study of the relation to treatment. Author(s): Swerdlow AJ, Schoemaker MJ, Allerton R, Horwich A, Barber JA, Cunningham D, Lister TA, Rohatiner AZ, Vaughan Hudson G, Williams MV, Linch DC. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2001 March 15; 19(6): 1610-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11250989&dopt=Abstract

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Lung function and serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and fibronectin in patients treated with ABVD chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy for mediastinal Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Villani F, Dell'Oca I, De Maria P, Viola G, Di Russo A, Viviani S, Bonfante V. Source: Anticancer Res. 1999 September-October; 19(5C): 4475-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10650795&dopt=Abstract

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Lymphomatoid papulosis followed by Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Silva MM, Morais JC, Spector N, Maceira J, Sousa MA, Filgueira AL. Source: International Journal of Dermatology. 1998 July; 37(7): 541-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9679697&dopt=Abstract

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Methyl-GAG, ifosfamide, methotrexate and etoposide (MIME) as salvage therapy for Hodgkin's disease: a prospective study. Author(s): Enblad G, Hagberg H, Gustavsson A, Glimelius B. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 1998 March; 60(3): 166-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9548415&dopt=Abstract

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Misleading Ga-67 uptake in a patient with Hodgkin's disease, mediastinal deviation, and pulmonary compression. Author(s): Stark P, Steinmetz A, Hefetz M, Hardoff R. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2002 December; 27(12): 898-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12607876&dopt=Abstract

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Mitoxantrone, vinblastine, and lomustine (CCNU) (MVC): a highly active regimen for advanced and poor-prognosis Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Wiernik PH, Dutcher JP, Einzig AI, Sparano J, Frank M, Friedenberg W. Source: Cancer J Sci Am. 1998 July-August; 4(4): 254-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9689984&dopt=Abstract

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Mobilisation of peripheral blood stem cells with IVE and G-CSF improves CD34+ cell yields and engraftment in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): McQuaker I, Haynes A, Stainer C, Byrne J, Russell N.

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Mobilization of peripheral-blood progenitor cells with high-dose etoposide and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Copelan EA, Ceselski SK, Ezzone SA, Lasky LC, Penza SL, Bechtel TP, Klein JL, Hehmeyer DM, Scholl MD, Marshall DD, Elder PJ, Risley GL, Avalos BR. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1997 February; 15(2): 759-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9053502&dopt=Abstract

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Model based development of the BEACOPP regimen for advanced stage Hodgkin's disease. German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group. Author(s): Loeffler M, Hasenclever D, Diehl V. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1998; 9 Suppl 5: S73-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9926241&dopt=Abstract

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Moderate dose escalation for advanced stage Hodgkin's disease using the bleomycin, etoposide, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone scheme and adjuvant radiotherapy: a study of the German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group. Author(s): Tesch H, Diehl V, Lathan B, Hasenclever D, Sieber M, Ruffer U, Engert A, Franklin J, Pfreundschuh M, Schalk KP, Schwieder G, Wulf G, Dolken G, Worst P, Koch P, Schmitz N, Bruntsch U, Tirier C, Muller U, Loeffler M. Source: Blood. 1998 December 15; 92(12): 4560-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9845521&dopt=Abstract

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MOPP or radiation in addition to ABVD in the treatment of pathologically staged advanced Hodgkin's disease in children: results of the Children's Cancer Group Phase III Trial. Author(s): Hutchinson RJ, Fryer CJ, Davis PC, Nachman J, Krailo MD, O'Brien RT, Collins RD, Whalen T, Reardon D, Trigg ME, Gilchrist GS. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1998 March; 16(3): 897-906. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9508171&dopt=Abstract

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MOPP versus ABVD and low-dose versus high-dose irradiation in Hodgkin's disease at intermediate and advanced stages: analysis of a meta-analysis by clinicians. Author(s): Andrieu JM, Yilmaz U, Colonna P. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1999 February; 17(2): 730-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10080622&dopt=Abstract

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MOPP/ABV hybrid chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease significantly improves failure-free and overall survival: the 8-year results of the intergroup trial. Author(s): Glick JH, Young ML, Harrington D, Schilsky RL, Beck T, Neiman R, Fisher RI, Peterson BA, Oken MM. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1998 January; 16(1): 19-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9440718&dopt=Abstract

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Neutropenic infections in 100 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease treated with high-dose BEAM chemotherapy and peripheral blood progenitor cell transplant: out-patient treatment is a viable option. Author(s): Seropian S, Nadkarni R, Jillella AP, Salloum E, Burtness B, Hu GL, Zelterman D, Cooper DL. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 1999 March; 23(6): 599-605. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10217191&dopt=Abstract

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New drugs in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Borchmann P, Schnell R, Diehl V, Engert A. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1998; 9 Suppl 5: S103-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9926247&dopt=Abstract

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New treatments for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Glossmann JP, Josting A, Diehl V. Source: Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2002 August; 3(4): 283-90. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12074765&dopt=Abstract

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NOVP chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease transiently induces sperm aneuploidies associated with the major clinical aneuploidy syndromes involving chromosomes X, Y, 18, and 21. Author(s): Frias S, Van Hummelen P, Meistrich ML, Lowe XR, Hagemeister FB, Shelby MD, Bishop JB, Wyrobek AJ. Source: Cancer Research. 2003 January 1; 63(1): 44-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12517776&dopt=Abstract

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Occurrence of Hodgkin's disease and cutaneous B-cell lymphoma in the same patient: a report of two cases. Author(s): Servitje O, Marti RM, Estrach T, Palou J, Gallardo F, Limon A, Romagosa V. Source: Eur J Dermatol. 2000 January-February; 10(1): 43-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10694298&dopt=Abstract

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Outcome of patients with Hodgkin's disease failing after primary MOPP-ABVD. Author(s): Bonfante V, Santoro A, Viviani S, Devizzi L, Balzarotti M, Soncini F, Zanini M, Valagussa P, Bonadonna G.

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Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1997 February; 15(2): 528-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9053474&dopt=Abstract •

Outcomes of treatment of children and adolescents with recurrent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease with dexamethasone, etoposide, cisplatin, cytarabine, and l-asparaginase, maintenance chemotherapy, and transplantation: Children's Cancer Group Study CCG-5912. Author(s): Kobrinsky NL, Sposto R, Shah NR, Anderson JR, DeLaat C, Morse M, Warkentin P, Gilchrist GS, Cohen MD, Shina D, Meadows AT. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2001 May 1; 19(9): 2390-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11331317&dopt=Abstract

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Outpatient-based ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) chemotherapy in transplant-eligible patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Hertzberg MS, Crombie C, Benson W, Taper J, Gottlieb D, Bradstock KF. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2003; 14 Suppl 1: I11-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12736225&dopt=Abstract

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PACE BOM chemotherapy: a 12-week regimen for advanced Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Simmonds PD, Mead GM, Sweetenham JW, O'Callaghan A, Smartt P, Kerr J, Hamilton CR, Golding PF, Milne AE, Whitehouse JM. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1997 March; 8(3): 259-66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9137795&dopt=Abstract

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Partially successful treatment of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Hodgkin's disease: case report and literature review. Author(s): Adiga GU, Abebe L, Wiernik PH. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 2003 April; 72(4): 267-73. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12666139&dopt=Abstract

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Pediatric Hodgkin's disease: treatment in the late 1990s. Author(s): Schellong G. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1998; 9 Suppl 5: S115-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9926249&dopt=Abstract

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Peroneal mononeuropathy in pediatric Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Matsubara K, Nigami H, Harigaya H, Osaki M, Baba K.

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Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2000 December; 40(1-2): 205-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11426622&dopt=Abstract •

Persistent paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome after successful therapy of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Maslovsky I, Volchek L, Blumental R, Ducach A, Lugassy G. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 2001 January; 66(1): 63-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11168510&dopt=Abstract

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PET for staging of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Schiepers C, Filmont JE, Czernin J. Source: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. 2003 June; 30 Suppl 1: S82-8. Epub 2003 April 26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12719922&dopt=Abstract

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PET predicts prognosis after 1 cycle of chemotherapy in aggressive lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Kostakoglu L, Coleman M, Leonard JP, Kuji I, Zoe H, Goldsmith SJ. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 2002 August; 43(8): 1018-27. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12163626&dopt=Abstract

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Phase III randomized intergroup trial of subtotal lymphoid irradiation versus doxorubicin, vinblastine, and subtotal lymphoid irradiation for stage IA to IIA Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Press OW, LeBlanc M, Lichter AS, Grogan TM, Unger JM, Wasserman TH, Gaynor ER, Peterson BA, Miller TP, Fisher RI. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2001 November 15; 19(22): 4238-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11709567&dopt=Abstract

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Plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor and its soluble receptors correlate with clinical features and outcome of Hodgkin's disease patients. Author(s): Warzocha K, Bienvenu J, Ribeiro P, Moullet I, Dumontet C, Neidhardt-Berard EM, Coiffier B, Salles G. Source: British Journal of Cancer. 1998 June; 77(12): 2357-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9649158&dopt=Abstract

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Positron emission tomography (PET) for staging and evaluation of response to treatment in patients with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Wiedmann E, Baican B, Hertel A, Baum RP, Chow KU, Knupp B, Adams S, Hor G, Hoelzer D, Mitrou PS.

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Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1999 August; 34(5-6): 545-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10492078&dopt=Abstract •

Pregnancy after treatment of secondary acute promyelocytic leukemia following Hodgkin's disease: a case report. Author(s): Elezovic I, Colovic M, Tomin D, Boskovic D. Source: Medical Oncology (Northwood, London, England). 2000 August; 17(3): 222-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10962534&dopt=Abstract

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Primary intracerebral Hodgkin's disease: report of a case with Epstein-Barr virus association and review of the literature. Author(s): Klein R, Mullges W, Bendszus M, Woydt M, Kreipe H, Roggendorf W. Source: The American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 1999 April; 23(4): 477-81. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10199479&dopt=Abstract

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Primary systemic treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease with EVA (etoposide, vinblastine, doxorubicin): 10-year follow-up. Author(s): Canellos GP, Gollub J, Neuberg D, Mauch P, Shulman LN. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2003 February; 14(2): 268-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12562654&dopt=Abstract

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Problems in Hodgkin's disease management. Author(s): Aisenberg AC. Source: Blood. 1999 February 1; 93(3): 761-79. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9920825&dopt=Abstract

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Prognostic value of PET using 18F-FDG in Hodgkin's disease for posttreatment evaluation. Author(s): Guay C, Lepine M, Verreault J, Benard F. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 2003 August; 44(8): 1225-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12902411&dopt=Abstract

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Progressive disease after ABMT for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Bolwell BJ, Kalaycio M, Goormastic M, Dannley R, Andresen SW, Lichtin A, Overmoyer B, Pohlman B. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 1997 November; 20(9): 761-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9384478&dopt=Abstract

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Protracted results of dose-intensive therapy using cyclophosphamide, carmustine, and continuous infusion etoposide with autologous stem cell support in patients with relapse or refractory Hodgkin's disease: a phase II study from the North American

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Marrow Transplant Group. Author(s): Fleming DR, Wolff SN, Fay JW, Brown RA, Lynch JP, Bolwell BJ, Stevens DA, Goodman SA, Greer JP, Stein RS, Pineiro LA, Collins RH, Goldsmith LJ, Herzig GP, Herzig RH. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1999 September; 35(1-2): 91-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10512166&dopt=Abstract •

Radiation dose selection in Hodgkin's disease patients with large mediastinal adenopathy treated with combined modality therapy. Author(s): Elconin JH, Roberts KB, Rizzieri DA, Vermont C, Clough RW, Kim C, Dodge RK, Prosnitz LR. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2000 November 1; 48(4): 1097-105. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11072168&dopt=Abstract

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Radiation techniques for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease with combined modality therapy or radiation alone. Author(s): Prosnitz LR, Brizel DM, Light KL. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 1997 November 1; 39(4): 885-95. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9369138&dopt=Abstract

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Radiation therapy in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease--do you see what I see? Author(s): Longo DL. Source: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2003 July 2; 95(13): 928-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12837820&dopt=Abstract

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Radiotherapy alone for lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Schlembach PJ, Wilder RB, Jones D, Ha CS, Fayad LE, Younes A, Hagemeister F, Hess M, Cabanillas F, Cox JD. Source: Cancer Journal (Sudbury, Mass.). 2002 September-October; 8(5): 377-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12416895&dopt=Abstract

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Radiotherapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Gupta T, Sanghavi V, Laskar S. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 2003 September 18; 349(12): 1187-8; Author Reply 1187-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=13679537&dopt=Abstract

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Radiotherapy of early stages Hodgkin's disease. 10 years experience of the Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute. Author(s): Petera J, Macharova H, Pohankova R, Malir A, Coupek P, Konecny M, Patera J, Pecina J, Drbal J, Koukalova H, Vasova I.

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Source: Neoplasma. 2000; 47(2): 129-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10985481&dopt=Abstract •

Randomized comparison of ABVD and MOPP/ABV hybrid for the treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease: report of an intergroup trial. Author(s): Duggan DB, Petroni GR, Johnson JL, Glick JH, Fisher RI, Connors JM, Canellos GP, Peterson BA. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 February 15; 21(4): 607-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12586796&dopt=Abstract

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Randomized comparison of low-dose involved-field radiotherapy and no radiotherapy for children with Hodgkin's disease who achieve a complete response to chemotherapy. Author(s): Nachman JB, Sposto R, Herzog P, Gilchrist GS, Wolden SL, Thomson J, Kadin ME, Pattengale P, Davis PC, Hutchinson RJ, White K; Children's Cancer Group. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 September 15; 20(18): 3765-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12228196&dopt=Abstract

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Randomized multicentre trial of filgrastim as an adjunct to combination chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. West of Scotland Lymphoma Group. Author(s): Dunlop DJ, Eatock MM, Paul J, Anderson S, Reed NS, Soukop M, Lucie N, Fitzsimmons EJ, Tansey P, Steward WP. Source: Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 1998; 10(2): 107-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9610900&dopt=Abstract

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Randomized study of intensive MOPP-ABVD with or without low-dose total-nodal radiation therapy in the treatment of stages IIB, IIIA2, IIIB, and IV Hodgkin's disease in pediatric patients: a Pediatric Oncology Group study. Author(s): Weiner MA, Leventhal B, Brecher ML, Marcus RB, Cantor A, Gieser PW, Ternberg JL, Behm FG, Wharam MD Jr, Chauvenet AR. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1997 August; 15(8): 2769-79. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9256118&dopt=Abstract

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Randomized trial of CVPP for three versus six cycles in favorable-prognosis and CVPP versus AOPE plus radiotherapy in intermediate-prognosis untreated Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Pavlovsky S, Schvartzman E, Lastiri F, Magnasco H, Corrado C, Raslawski E, Cancela ME, Ardaiz MC, Cerutti I, Rosso A, Bruno S, Aranguren PN, Salvarezza A, Donato H, Dibar E, Zirone S.

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Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1997 July; 15(7): 2652-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9215837&dopt=Abstract •

Randomized trial of peripheral blood progenitor cell vs bone marrow as hematopoietic support for high-dose chemotherapy in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease: a clinical and molecular analysis. Author(s): Kanteti R, Miller K, McCann J, Roitman D, Morelli J, Hurley C, Berkman E, Schenkein D. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 1999 September; 24(5): 473-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10482930&dopt=Abstract

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Rapid recovery of spermatogenesis after mitoxantrone, vincristine, vinblastine, and prednisone chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Meistrich ML, Wilson G, Mathur K, Fuller LM, Rodriguez MA, McLaughlin P, Romaguera JE, Cabanillas FF, Ha CS, Lipshultz LI, Hagemeister FB. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1997 December; 15(12): 3488-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9396402&dopt=Abstract

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Rapid regression of chemotherapy refractory lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease after administration of rituximab (anti CD 20 mono- clonal antibody) and interleukin-2. Author(s): Keilholz U, Szelenyi H, Siehl J, Foss HD, Knauf W, Thiel E. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1999 November; 35(5-6): 641-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10609806&dopt=Abstract

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Recovery of sperm production following radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease after induction chemotherapy with mitoxantrone, vincristine, vinblastine, and prednisone (NOVP). Author(s): Dubey P, Wilson G, Mathur KK, Hagemeister FB, Fuller LM, Ha CS, Cox JD, Meistrich ML. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2000 February 1; 46(3): 609-17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10701740&dopt=Abstract

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Recurrent mediastinal mass in a child with Hodgkin's disease following successful therapy: a diagnostic challenge. Author(s): Feldges A, Wagner HP, Bubeck B, Kehrer B, Ries G, Schmid U, Waibel P. Source: Pediatric Surgery International. 1997; 12(8): 613-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9354739&dopt=Abstract

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Regimen-related toxicity and non-relapse mortality with high-dose cyclophosphamide, carmustine (BCNU) and etoposide (VP16-213) (CBV) and CBV

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plus cisplatin (CBVP) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Reece DE, Nevill TJ, Sayegh A, Spinelli JJ, Brockington DA, Barnett MJ, Klingemann HG, Connors JM, Nantel SH, Shepherd JD, Sutherland HJ, Voss NJ, Fairey RN, O'Reilly SE, Phillips GL. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 1999 June; 23(11): 1131-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10382952&dopt=Abstract •

Relapse and late complications in early-stage Hodgkin's disease patients with mediastinal involvement treated with radiotherapy alone or plus one cycle of ABVD. Author(s): Enrici RM, Anselmo AP, Donato V, Falchetto Osti M, Santoro M, Tombolini V, Mandelli F. Source: Haematologica. 1999 October; 84(10): 917-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10509040&dopt=Abstract

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Relapse of Hodgkin's disease after 10 years of complete remission: case report. Author(s): Mwanda OW, Othieno-Abinya N. Source: East Afr Med J. 1998 March; 75(3): 192-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9640822&dopt=Abstract

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Renal Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Pilatrino C, Cataldi A, Guerrasio A, Saglio G. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 March; 116(4): 732. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11886375&dopt=Abstract

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Resolution of paraneoplastic bile duct paucity following successful treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Crosbie OM, Crown JP, Nolan NP, Murray R, Hegarty JE. Source: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.). 1997 July; 26(1): 5-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9214445&dopt=Abstract

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Results of three courses of adriamycin, bleomycin, vindesine, and dacarbazine with subtotal nodal irradiation in 189 patients with nodal Hodgkin's disease (stage I, II and IIIA). Author(s): Andre M, Brice P, Cazals D, Hennequin C, Ferme C, Kerneis Y, Rousselot P, Zini JM, Lepage E, Gisselbrecht C. Source: Hematology and Cell Therapy. 1997 April; 39(2): 59-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9168301&dopt=Abstract

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Risk-adapted therapy for clinical stage I-II Hodgkin's disease: 7-years results of radiotherapy alone for low-risk disease, and ABVD and radiotherapy for high-risk disease. Author(s): MacKenzie RG, Franssen E, Wong R, Sawka C, Berinstein N, Cowan DH, Senn J, Poldre P.

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Source: Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2000; 12(5): 278-88. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11315710&dopt=Abstract •

Salvage chemotherapy with mini-BEAM for relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's disease prior to autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Author(s): Fernandez-Jimenez MC, Canales MA, Ojeda E, de Bustos JG, Aguado MJ, Hernandez-Navarro F. Source: Haematologica. 1999 November; 84(11): 1007-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10553161&dopt=Abstract

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Salvage radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease following chemotherapy failure. Author(s): Wirth A, Corry J, Laidlaw C, Matthews J, Liew KH. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 1997 October 1; 39(3): 599-607. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9336139&dopt=Abstract

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Second cancer among long-term survivors from Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Nyandoto P, Muhonen T, Joensuu H. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 1998 September 1; 42(2): 373-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9788418&dopt=Abstract

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Single and double autotransplants for relapsing/refractory Hodgkin's disease: results of two consecutive trials. Author(s): Ahmed T, Lake DE, Beer M, Feldman EJ, Preti RA, Seiter K, Helson L, Mittelman A, Kancherla R, Ascensao J, Akhtar T, Cook P, Goldberg R, Coleman M. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 1997 March; 19(5): 449-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9052910&dopt=Abstract

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Soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R) in Hodgkin's disease: outcome and clinical implications. Author(s): Viviani S, Camerini E, Bonfante V, Santoro A, Balzarotti M, Fornier M, Devizzi L, Verderio P, Valagussa P, Bonadonna G. Source: British Journal of Cancer. 1998 March; 77(6): 992-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9528846&dopt=Abstract

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Spontaneous regression of Hodgkin's disease: two case reports and a review of the literature. Author(s): Mangel J, Barth D, Berinstein NL, Imrie KR. Source: Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2003 June; 8(3): 191-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12745644&dopt=Abstract

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Standard and increased-dose BEACOPP chemotherapy compared with COPP-ABVD for advanced Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Diehl V, Franklin J, Pfreundschuh M, Lathan B, Paulus U, Hasenclever D, Tesch H, Herrmann R, Dorken B, Muller-Hermelink HK, Duhmke E, Loeffler M; German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 2003 June 12; 348(24): 2386-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12802024&dopt=Abstract

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Stanford V and radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Portlock CS. Source: Current Oncology Reports. 2002 September; 4(5): 413. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12162915&dopt=Abstract

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Stanford V regimen and concomitant highly active antiretroviral therapy is feasible and active in patients with Hodgkin's disease and HIV infection. Author(s): Spina M, Gabarre J, Fasan M, Vaccher E, Tirelli U. Source: Aids (London, England). 2000 July 7; 14(10): 1457-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10930165&dopt=Abstract

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Stanford-Kaiser Permanente G1 study for clinical stage I to IIA Hodgkin's disease: subtotal lymphoid irradiation versus vinblastine, methotrexate, and bleomycin chemotherapy and regional irradiation. Author(s): Horning SJ, Hoppe RT, Mason J, Brown BW, Hancock SL, Baer D, Rosenberg SA. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1997 May; 15(5): 1736-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9164180&dopt=Abstract

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Strategic approach to the management of Hodgkin's disease incorporating salvage therapy with high-dose ifosfamide, etoposide and epirubicin: a Northern Region Lymphoma Group study (UK). Author(s): Proctor SJ, Jackson GH, Lennard A, Angus B, Wood K, Lucraft HL, White J, Windebank K, Taylor PR; Northern Region Lymphoma Group. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2003; 14 Suppl 1: I47-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12736232&dopt=Abstract

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Subdiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease: the University of Florida experience. Author(s): Hull MC, Mendenhall NP, Colgan ME. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2002 January 1; 52(1): 161-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11777634&dopt=Abstract

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Systemic fusariosis after a preparative regimen including thiotepa, VP-16 and busulfan used for blood stem cell transplantation in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Miyazaki M, Miyakoshi S, Kami M, Mori M, Kishi Y, Inagawa H, Machida U, Matsumura T, Kawagoe S, Ueyama J, Morinaga S, Matsushita H, Muto Y. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2001 January; 40(3-4): 441-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11426570&dopt=Abstract

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T-cell-rich B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma mimicking Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Battig B, Mueller-Garamvoelgyi E, Cogliatti SB, Schmid U, Kappeler A, Cerny T, Laissue JA, Fey MF. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1999 April; 33(3-4): 393-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10221522&dopt=Abstract

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Ten-year results of a strategy combining three cycles of ABVD and high-dose extended irradiation for treating Hodgkin's disease at advanced stages. Author(s): Andrieu JM, Jais JP, Colonna P, Desablens B, Briere J, Francois S, Harousseau JL, Casassus P, Lemevel A, Le Prise PY, Ghandour C, Guilhot F, Lejeune F. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1998 February; 9(2): 195-203. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9553666&dopt=Abstract

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Thallium-201 scintigraphy is not predictive of late cardiac complications in patients with Hodgkin's disease treated with mediastinal radiation. Author(s): Girinsky T, Cordova A, Rey A, Cosset JM, Tertian G, Pierga JY. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2000 December 1; 48(5): 1503-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11121655&dopt=Abstract

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The clonal relationship between nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's disease with a clonal Reed-Sternberg cell population and a subsequent B-cell small noncleaved cell lymphoma. Author(s): Ohno T, Trenn G, Wu G, Abou-Elella A, Reis HE, Chan WC. Source: Modern Pathology : an Official Journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc. 1998 May; 11(5): 485-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9619603&dopt=Abstract

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The effects of etoposide on testicular function in boys treated for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Gerres L, Bramswig JH, Schlegel W, Jurgens H, Schellong G. Source: Cancer. 1998 November 15; 83(10): 2217-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9827728&dopt=Abstract

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The emergence of Hodgkin's disease in a patient with long-standing chronic lymphocytic leukemia--case report and review of the literature. Author(s): Samuelsson J, Lundberg LG.

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Source: Acta Oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). 1997; 36(3): 351-3. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9208913&dopt=Abstract •

The risk of acute leukemia in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease is significantly higher aft [see bined modality programs than after chemotherapy alone and is correlated with the extent of radiotherapy and type and duration of chemotherapy: a case-control study. Author(s): Brusamolino E, Anselmo AP, Klersy C, Santoro M, Orlandi E, Pagnucco G, Lunghi F, Maurizi-Enrici R, Baroni CD, Lazzarino M, Mandelli F, Bernasconi C. Source: Haematologica. 1998 September; 83(9): 812-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9825578&dopt=Abstract

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The risk of second malignant tumors and its consequences for the overall survival of Hodgkin's disease patients and for the choice of their treatment at presentation: analysis of a series of 1524 cases consecutively treated at the Florence University Hospital. Author(s): Cellai E, Magrini SM, Masala G, Alterini R, Costantini AS, Rigacci L, Olmastroni L, Papi MG, Spediacci MA, Innocenti F, Bellesi G, Ferrini PR, Biti G. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2001 April 1; 49(5): 1327-37. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11286841&dopt=Abstract

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The serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) are related to the infiltration of eosinophils in the tumours of patients with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Molin D, Glimelius B, Sundstrom C, Venge P, Enblad G. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2001 July; 42(3): 457-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11699410&dopt=Abstract

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Thoracic radiation therapy before autologous bone marrow transplantation in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's disease. PMH Lymphoma Group, and the Toronto Autologous BMT Group. Author(s): Tsang RW, Gospodarowicz MK, Sutcliffe SB, Crump M, Keating A. Source: European Journal of Cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). 1999 January; 35(1): 73-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10211091&dopt=Abstract

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Transfection of caspase-3 in the caspase-3-deficient Hodgkin's disease cell line, KMH2, results in enhanced sensitivity to CD95-, TRAIL-, and ARA-C-induced apoptosis. Author(s): Wrone-Smith T, Izban KF, Ergin M, Cosar EF, Hsi ED, Alkan S. Source: Experimental Hematology. 2001 May; 29(5): 572-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11376869&dopt=Abstract

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Transformation of Hodgkin's disease to high-grade B-cell lymphoma: remission after Rituximab monotherapy. Author(s): Kirchner EM, Ebsen M, Kirchner J, Theegarten D, Voigtmann R. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 2001 August; 12(8): 1169-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11583202&dopt=Abstract

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Transverse leukonychia following chemotherapy in a patient with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Naumann R, Wozel G. Source: Eur J Dermatol. 2000 July-August; 10(5): 392-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10882950&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease with chemotherapy--comparison of MOPP/ABV hybrid regimen with alternating courses of MOPP and ABVD: a report from the National Cancer Institute of Canada clinical trials group. Author(s): Connors JM, Klimo P, Adams G, Burns BF, Cooper I, Meyer RM, O'Reilly SE, Pater J, Quirt I, Sadura A, Shustik C, Skillings J, Sutcliffe S, Verma S, Yoshida S, Zee B. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1997 April; 15(4): 1638-45. Erratum In: J Clin Oncol 1997 July; 15(7): 2762. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9193364&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of advanced stage Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Tesch H, Sieber M, Diehl V; German Hodgkin Study Group. Source: Oncology. 2001; 60(2): 101-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11244323&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of childhood Hodgkin's disease with COPP or COPP-ABV (hybrid) without radiotherapy in Nicaragua. Author(s): Baez F, Ocampo E, Conter V, Flores A, Gutierrez T, Malta A, Pacheco C, Palacios R, Biondi A, Riva L, Sala A, Silvestri D, Cavalli F, Sessa C, Casanova M, Masera G. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1997 March; 8(3): 247-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9137793&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of early-stage Hodgkin's disease with four cycles of ABVD followed by adjuvant radio-therapy: analysis of efficacy and long-term toxicity. Author(s): Brusamolino E, Lunghi F, Orlandi E, Astori C, Passamonti F, Barate C, Pagnucco G, Baio A, Franchini P, Lazzarino M, Bernasconi C. Source: Haematologica. 2000 October; 85(10): 1032-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11025593&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of Hodgkin's disease in children with alternating mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP) and adriamycin, bleomycin,

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vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) courses without radiotherapy. Author(s): van den Berg H, Stuve W, Behrendt H. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1997 July; 29(1): 23-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9142201&dopt=Abstract •

Treatment of Hodgkin's disease in children with VAMP (vinblastine, adriamycin, methotrexate, prednisone) and VEPA (vinblastine, etoposide, prednisone, adriamycin). Author(s): Kavan P, Kabickova E, Koutecky J, McClain K, Gajdos P, Kodet R, Slavik Z, Tousovska K. Source: Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. 1999 March-April; 16(2): 141-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10100274&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of intermediate and advanced stage Hodgkin's disease with modified baseline BEACOPP regimen: a Hellenic Co-operative Oncology Group Study. Author(s): Economopoulos T, Fountzilas G, Dimopoulos MA, Papageorgiou S, Xiros N, Kalantzis D, Dervenoulas J, Raptis S. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 2003 October; 71(4): 257-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12950234&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of pediatric Hodgkin's disease with chemotherapy alone or combined modality therapy. Author(s): Muwakkit S, Geara F, Nabbout B, Farah RA, Shabb NS, Hajjar T, Khogali M. Source: Radiation Oncology Investigations. 1999; 7(6): 365-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10644060&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of refractory Hodgkin's disease with modified Stanford V program. Author(s): Aviles A, Neri N, Garcia EL, Talavera A, Diaz-Maqueo JC. Source: Medical Oncology (Northwood, London, England). 2001; 18(4): 261-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11918452&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of stage I and II Hodgkin's disease with NOVP (mitoxantrone, vincristine, vinblastine, prednisone) and radiotherapy. Author(s): Tormo M, Terol MJ, Marugan I, Solano C, Benet I, Garcia-Conde J. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1999 June; 34(1-2): 137-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10350341&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of subdiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease: long-term results and side effects. Author(s): Cutuli B, Petit T, Hoffstetter S, Velten M, Dufour P, Giron C, Lederlin P, Jung GM, Bergerat JP, Maloisel F, Bey P, Oberling F. Source: Oncol Rep. 1998 November-December; 5(6): 1513-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9769397&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment-related deaths and second cancer risk after autologous stem-cell transplantation for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Andre M, Henry-Amar M, Blaise D, Colombat P, Fleury J, Milpied N, Cahn JY, Pico JL, Bastion Y, Kuentz M, Nedellec G, Attal M, Ferme C, Gisselbrecht C. Source: Blood. 1998 September 15; 92(6): 1933-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9731050&dopt=Abstract

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VAMP and low-dose, involved-field radiation for children and adolescents with favorable, early-stage Hodgkin's disease: results of a prospective clinical trial. Author(s): Donaldson SS, Hudson MM, Lamborn KR, Link MP, Kun L, Billett AL, Marcus KC, Hurwitz CA, Young JA, Tarbell NJ, Weinstein HJ. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2002 July 15; 20(14): 3081-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12118021&dopt=Abstract

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Vanishing bile duct syndrome occurring after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation in a patient with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Komurcu S, Ozet A, Altundag MK, Arpaci F, Ozturk B, Celasun B, Tezcan Y. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2002 January; 81(1): 57-8. Epub 2001 December 13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11807639&dopt=Abstract

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Vinblastine for recurrent Hodgkin's disease following autologous bone marrow transplant. Author(s): Little R, Wittes RE, Longo DL, Wilson WH. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1998 February; 16(2): 584-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9469345&dopt=Abstract

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VIP (etoposide, ifosfamide and cisplatinum) as a salvage intensification program in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Ribrag V, Nasr F, Bouhris JH, Bosq J, Brault P, Girinsky T, Cosset JM, Munck JN, Corti C, Decaudin D, Pico JL, Hayat M, Carde P. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 1998 May; 21(10): 969-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9632268&dopt=Abstract

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Whole-body positron emission tomography using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose for posttreatment evaluation in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has higher diagnostic and prognostic value than classical computed tomography scan imaging. Author(s): Jerusalem G, Beguin Y, Fassotte MF, Najjar F, Paulus P, Rigo P, Fillet G. Source: Blood. 1999 July 15; 94(2): 429-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10397709&dopt=Abstract

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Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: •

Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/

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AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=169&layer=&from=subcats

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Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/

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drkoop.com®: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/

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HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/

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WebMD®Health: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/

The following is a specific Web list relating to Hodgkin’s disease; please note that any particular subject below may indicate either a therapeutic use, or a contraindication (potential danger), and does not reflect an official recommendation: •

General Overview Amyloidosis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Angioedema Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Leukemia Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Lymphoma Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com

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Herbs and Supplements Aristolochia Alternative names: Snakeroot, Guaco; Aristolochia sp Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.; www.amfoundation.org

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Momordica Alternative names: Bitter Gourd, Karela; Momordica charantia Linn. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.; www.amfoundation.org Thuja Occid Alternative names: Arbor Vitae; Thuja occidentalis Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.; www.amfoundation.org Thuja Plicata Alternative names: Western Red Cedar Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.; www.amfoundation.org

General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html. This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.

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CHAPTER 4. DISSERTATIONS ON HODGKIN’S DISEASE Overview In this chapter, we will give you a bibliography on recent dissertations relating to Hodgkin’s disease. We will also provide you with information on how to use the Internet to stay current on dissertations. IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the search strategy described below, you may discover non-medical dissertations that use the generic term “Hodgkin’s disease” (or a synonym) in their titles. To accurately reflect the results that you might find while conducting research on Hodgkin’s disease, we have not necessarily excluded non-medical dissertations in this bibliography.

Dissertations on Hodgkin’s Disease ProQuest Digital Dissertations, the largest archive of academic dissertations available, is located at the following Web address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations. From this archive, we have compiled the following list covering dissertations devoted to Hodgkin’s disease. You will see that the information provided includes the dissertation’s title, its author, and the institution with which the author is associated. The following covers recent dissertations found when using this search procedure: •

Hodgkin's Disease and the Issue of Cure: Myth or Reality? (Cancer) by Glajchen, Myra, DSW from Columbia University, 1989, 198 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9005874

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Sexual Adjustment among Survivors of Hodgkin's Disease by Parsonnet, Lissa; PhD from New York University, 1999, 120 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9946365

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The Epidemiology of Hodgkin's Disease in Newfoundland by Buehler, Sharon Lyn Kelly; PhD from Memorial University of Newfoundland (Canada), 1983 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NK63582

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Keeping Current Ask the medical librarian at your library if it has full and unlimited access to the ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. From the library, you should be able to do more complete searches via http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations.

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CHAPTER 5. CLINICAL TRIALS AND HODGKIN’S DISEASE Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to keep informed of the latest clinical trials concerning Hodgkin’s disease.

Recent Trials on Hodgkin’s Disease The following is a list of recent trials dedicated to Hodgkin’s disease.8 Further information on a trial is available at the Web site indicated. •

10-Propargyl-10-Deazaaminopterin in Treating Patients With Recurrent or Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma or Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult Hodgkin's lymphoma; adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin in treating patients who have recurrent or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00052442

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A Phase II Study Evaluating the Safety and Effectiveness of ABT-510 in Subjects with Refractory Lymphoma Condition(s): Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients.

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These are listed at www.ClinicalTrials.gov.

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Sponsor(s): Abbott Laboratories Purpose - Excerpt: The primary objective of this study is to assess the safety and effectiveness of ABT-510 in subjects with refractory lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00061672 •

Autologous Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes in Treating Patients With Relapsed EpsteinBarr Virus-Associated Hodgkin's Lymphoma or Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood small noncleaved cell lymphoma; NonHodgkin's Lymphoma; post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder; recurrent and refractory childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Baylor College of Medicine; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Biological therapies use different ways to stimulate the immune system and stop cancer cells from growing. Treating a person's cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the laboratory and reinfusing them may cause a stronger immune response to kill Epstein-Barr virus-associated cancer cells. PURPOSE: Phase I trial to study the effectiveness of autologous cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in treating patients who have relapsed Epstein-Barr virus-associated Hodgkin's lymphoma or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase I Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00070226

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Biological Therapy in Treating Patients With Lymphoma or Lymphoproliferative Disease Condition(s): childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Leukemia; Lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Some types of lymphoma or lymphoproliferative disease are associated with Epstein-Barr virus. White blood cells from donors who are immune to Epstein-Barr virus may be an effective treatment for those cancers. PURPOSE: Phase I/II trial to study the effectiveness of biological therapy in treating patients with Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoma or lymphoproliferative disease. Phase(s): Phase I; Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00002663

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Biological Therapy in Treating Patients With Progressive, Relapsed, or Refractory Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): recurrent adult Hodgkin's lymphoma; recurrent/refractory childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Biological therapies use different ways to stimulate the immune system and stop cancer cells from growing. Donor white blood cells that are treated in the laboratory with Epstein-Barr virus and donor peripheral stem cell transplantation may be effective treatments for Hodgkin's lymphoma. PURPOSE: Phase I trial to study the effectiveness of biological therapy in treating patients who have progressive, relapsed, or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase I Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00006100

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Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy Plus Bone Marrow or Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory T-cell Lymphoma, Hodgkin's Lymphoma, or Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult Hodgkin's lymphoma; adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma; mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndroMen Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to damage cancer cells. Bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantation may allow the doctor to give higher doses of chemotherapy drugs and radiation therapy and kill more cancer cells. PURPOSE: Phase I/II trial to study the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiation therapy plus bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantation in treating patients who have refractory or relapsed T-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase I; Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00004907

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Chemotherapy Plus Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Refractory or Relapsed Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): recurrent adult Hodgkin's lymphoma; recurrent/refractory childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI)

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Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to damage tumor cells. Combining radiation therapy with chemotherapy may kill more tumor cells. Peripheral stem cell transplantation may be able to replace immune cells that were destroyed by chemotherapy and radiation therapy used to kill tumor cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of chemotherapy plus radiation therapy in treating patients with refractory or relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00003631 •

Chemotherapy With or Without Additional Chemotherapy and/or Radiation Therapy in Treating Children with Newly Diagnosed Hodgkin's Disease Condition(s): childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Children's Oncology Group; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Giving the drugs in different combinations may kill more cancer cells. Radiation therapy uses high-energy xrays to damage cancer cells. It is not yet known if chemotherapy is more effective with or without additional chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy in treating Hodgkin's disease. PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to compare the effectiveness of chemotherapy with or without additional chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy in treating children who have newly diagnosed Hodgkin's disease. Phase(s): Phase III Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00025259

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Combination Chemotherapy and Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients With Relapsed Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): recurrent adult Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group; EORTC Lymphoma Cooperative Group; EBMT Solid Tumors Working Party Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Peripheral stem cell transplantation may allow the doctors to give higher doses of chemotherapy drugs and kill more cancer cells. It is not yet known which combination chemotherapy regimen given before peripheral stem cell transplantation is more effective in treating relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma. PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to compare different combination chemotherapy regimens followed by peripheral stem cell transplantation in treating patients who have relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma.

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Phase(s): Phase III Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00025636 •

Combination Chemotherapy Followed by Bone Marrow or Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): stage I adult Hodgkin's lymphoma; stage II adult Hodgkin's lymphoma; stage III adult Hodgkin's lymphoma; stage IV adult Hodgkin's lymphoma; recurrent adult Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Fox Chase Cancer Center Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining chemotherapy with bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantation may allow the doctor to give higher doses of chemotherapy drugs and kill more tumor cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy followed by bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantation in treating patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00002522

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Combination Chemotherapy Followed by Donor Bone Marrow Transplantation or Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients With Hematologic Cancer or Genetic Disorders Condition(s): childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Leukemia; Lymphoma; plasma cell neoplasm Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Peripheral stem cell transplantation or bone marrow transplantation may be able to replace immune cells that were destroyed by chemotherapy used to kill tumor cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy followed by donor bone marrow transplantation or peripheral stem cell transplantation in treating patients who have hematologic cancer or genetic disorders. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00008307

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Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Advanced Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Stanford University; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining more than one drug may kill more tumor cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy in treating patients who have advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00002715

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Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Previously Untreated Advanced Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): British National Lymphoma Investigation Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining more than one drug may kill more cancer cells. It is not yet known which combination chemotherapy regimen is more effective in treating patients who have advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma. PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to compare the effectiveness of two different combination chemotherapy regimens in treating patients who have advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase III Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00041210

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Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Recurrent or Refractory Leukemia or Lymphoma Condition(s): childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Leukemia; Lymphoma; myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative diseases Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Ireland Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining more than one drug may kill more cancer cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of combining cytarabine and mitoxantrone in treating patients who have recurrent or refractory leukemia or lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II

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Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00047021 •

Combination Chemotherapy Plus Alemtuzumab Followed by Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients With Hematologic Cancer Condition(s): childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Leukemia; Lymphoma; myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative diseases; plasma cell neoplasm Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Monoclonal antibodies such as alemtuzumab can locate cancer cells and either kill them or deliver cancer-killing substances to them without harming normal cells. Combining chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody therapy may kill more cancer cells. Peripheral stem cell transplantation may be able to replace immune cells that were destroyed by chemotherapy. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy plus alemtuzumab followed by peripheral stem cell transplantation in treating patients who have hematologic cancer. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00027560

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Combination Chemotherapy Plus Low-Dose Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Stage I or Stage IIA Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): stage I adult Hodgkin's lymphoma; stage II adult Hodgkin's lymphoma; adult nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's lymphoma; adult mixed cellularity Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Stanford University Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to damage tumor cells. Combining chemotherapy with radiation therapy may kill more tumor cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy plus low-dose radiation therapy in treating patients who have stage I or stage IIA Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00026208

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Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Radiation Therapy and Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Children With Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): stage II childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma; stage I childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma; stage III childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma; stage IV childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma; recurrent/refractory childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to damage tumor cells. Peripheral stem cell transplantation may be able to replace immune cells that were destroyed by chemotherapy. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to compare the effectiveness of different combination chemotherapy regimens with or without radiation therapy or peripheral stem cell transplantation in treating children who have Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00025064

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Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; National Cancer Institute (NCI); Southwest Oncology Group; National Cancer Institute of Canada; Cancer and Leukemia Group B Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to damage cancer cells. Combining more than one drug with radiation therapy may kill more cancer cells. It is not yet known which combination chemotherapy regimen is most effective in treating Hodgkin's lymphoma. PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to compare the effectiveness of two different combination chemotherapy regimens, with or without radiation therapy, in treating patients who have Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase III Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00003389

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Combination Chemotherapy, Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation, and Biological Therapy in Treating Patients With Solid Tumors or Lymphoma Condition(s): adult solid tumor; childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood nonHodgkin's lymphoma; childhood solid tumor; Lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients.

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Sponsor(s): Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining chemotherapy with peripheral stem cell transplantation may allow the doctor to give higher doses of chemotherapy drugs and kill more tumor cells. Biological therapies such as interleukin-2 use different ways to stimulate the immune system and stop cancer cells from growing. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy, peripheral stem cell transplantation, and interleukin-2 in treating patients who have solid tumors or lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00027937 •

Combining Chemotherapy, Tacrolimus, Mycophenolate Mofetil, and Radiation Therapy with Donor Bone Marrow Transplantation in Treating Patients with Hematologic Cancer Condition(s): childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Leukemia; Lymphoma; myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative diseases; plasma cell neoplasm Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Bone marrow transplantation may be able to replace immune cells that were destroyed by chemotherapy and radiation therapy used to kill tumor cells. Sometimes the transplanted cells can make an immune response against the body's normal tissues. Tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil may prevent this from happening. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of combining chemotherapy, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and radiation therapy with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in treating patients who have hematologic cancer. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00049504

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Comparison of Two Combination Chemotherapy Regimens in Treating Patients With Stage III or Stage IV Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult lymphocyte depletion Hodgkin's lymphoma; adult mixed cellularity Hodgkin's lymphoma; adult nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's lymphoma; stage III adult Hodgkin's lymphoma; stage IV adult Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): EORTC Lymphoma Cooperative Group; British National Lymphoma Investigation; Groupe d'Etudes de Lymphomes de L'Adulte; Grup per l'Estudi dels Limfomes de Catalunya i Balears; National Cancer Institute of Canada; Australian New Zealand Lymphoma Group; Nordic Lymphoma Group

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Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining more than one drug may kill more cancer cells. It is not yet known which combination chemotherapy regimen is more effective in treating stage III or stage IV Hodgkin's lymphoma. PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to compare the effectiveness of two combination chemotherapy regimens in treating patients who have stage III or stage IV Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase III Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00049595 •

Cyclophosphamide Plus Bone Marrow Transplantation in Treating Patients With Hematologic Cancer Condition(s): childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Leukemia; Lymphoma; myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative diseases; plasma cell neoplasm Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Bone marrow transplantation may be able to replace immune cells that were destroyed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy used to kill cancer cells. PURPOSE: Phase I trial to study the effectiveness of cyclophosphamide plus bone marrow transplantation in treating patients who have hematologic cancer. Phase(s): Phase I Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00006042

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Cyproheptadine and Megestrol in Preventing Weight Loss in Children With Cachexia Caused By Cancer or Cancer Treatment Condition(s): Cachexia; childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood brain tumor; childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood solid tumor; hematopoietic and lymphoid cancer Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Cyproheptadine and megestrol may improve appetite and help prevent weight loss in children with cancer. PURPOSE: Clinical trial to study the effectiveness of cyproheptadine and megestrol in improving appetite and preventing weight loss in children who have cachexia caused by cancer or cancer treatment. Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below

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Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00066248 •

Donor Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients With Relapsed Hematologic Cancer Condition(s): childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Leukemia; Lymphoma; myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative diseases; plasma cell neoplasm Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Cancer and Leukemia Group B; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantation may be able to replace immune cells that were destroyed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of donor bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantation in treating patients who have relapsed hematologic cancer after treatment with chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00053196

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Donor Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in Treating Patients With Leukemia, Lymphoma, or Nonmalignant Hematologic Disorders Condition(s): childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Leukemia; myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative diseases Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Roswell Park Cancer Institute; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Umbilical cord blood transplantation may be able to replace immune cells that were destroyed by the chemotherapy or radiation therapy that was used to kill cancer cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of allogeneic umbilical cord blood transplantation in treating patients who have leukemia, lymphoma, or nonmalignant hematologic disorders. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00055653

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Filgrastim and Chemotherapy Followed by Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients With Hodgkin's Lymphoma or Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): Hodgkin's lymphoma; adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma; NonHodgkin's Lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): University of Minnesota Cancer Center Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining chemotherapy

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with peripheral stem cell transplantation may allow the doctor to give higher doses of chemotherapy drugs and kill more tumor cells. Colony-stimulating factors such as filgrastim may increase the number of immune cells found in bone marrow or peripheral blood and may help a person's immune system recover from the side effects of chemotherapy. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of filgrastim and chemotherapy followed by peripheral stem transplantation in treating patients who have Hodgkin's lymphoma or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00005985 •

Ganciclovir Plus Arginine Butyrate in Treating Patients With Cancer or Lymphoproliferative Disorders Associated with the Epstein Barr Virus Condition(s): angiocentric immunoproliferative lesions; childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Leukemia; Lymphoma; small intestine cancer Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Boston Medical Center Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: The Epstein Barr virus can cause cancer and lymphoproliferative disorders. Ganciclovir is an antiviral drug that acts against the Epstein Barr virus. Arginine butyrate may make virus cells more sensitive to ganciclovir. Combining ganciclovir and arginine butyrate may kill more Epstein Barr virus cells and tumor cells. PURPOSE: Phase I trial to study the effectiveness of arginine butyrate plus ganciclovir in treating patients who have cancer or lymphoproliferative disorders that are associated with the Epstein Barr virus. Phase(s): Phase I Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00006340

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Gemcitabine, Carboplatin, and Dexamethasone With or Without Rituximab in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Primary Refractory Lymphoma Condition(s): Hodgkin's lymphoma; adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma; anaplastic large cell lymphoma; angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma; Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma; Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): University of Washington; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as gemcitabine, carboplatin, and dexamethasone, use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Monoclonal antibodies, such as rituximab, can locate tumor cells and either kill them or deliver tumor-killing substances to them without harming normal cells. Combining chemotherapy with monoclonal antibody therapy may kill more tumor cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of combining

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gemcitabine, carboplatin, and dexamethasone with or without rituximab in treating patients who have relapsed or primary refractory lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00072514 •

Gene marked cytotoxic T-cells for patients with relapsed Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Condition(s): Hodgkin Disease Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Baylor College of Medicine; Texas Children's Hospital; The Methodist Hospital Purpose - Excerpt: The purpose of this study is to find the largest safe dose of LMP-2a specific cytotoxic T cells, to learn what the side effects are and to see whether this therapy might help patients with Hodgkin disease. Gene marking is optional in this study. Eligible patients can participate without the gene marking if they choose. Phase(s): Phase I Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00062868

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High-Dose Chemotherapy Plus Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients With Hematologic Cancer Condition(s): childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Leukemia; Lymphoma; myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative diseases; plasma cell neoplasm Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Ireland Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining chemotherapy with peripheral stem cell transplantation may allow the doctor to give higher doses of chemotherapy drugs and kill more tumor cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of transplantation with peripheral stem cells from a brother or sister donor following busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and filgrastim in treating patients with hematologic cancer. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00003116

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Lower-Dose Chemotherapy and Stem Cell Transplantation to Treat Childhood Leukemias and Lymphomas Condition(s): Hodgkin Lymphoma; Lymphocytic Leukemia; Mixed Cell Leukemia; Myelodysplastic Syndrome; Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: This study will investigate the safety and effectiveness of a new stem cell transplant procedure for treating various leukemias and lymphomas in children. Transplantation of donated stem cells (cells produced by the bone marrow that mature into white and red blood cells and platelets) is a very effective treatment for patients with leukemia, pre-leukemia and lymphoma. However, despite its success in a large number of patients, this procedure has many serious side effects and carries a significant risk of death. These complications result from the intensive chemotherapy and radiation patients receive before the transplant to rid the body of cancer cells. In this study, radiation will not be used and chemotherapy drugs will be given in lower doses to try to reduce the dangers of the procedure. Patients between 5 and 21 years of age with acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, myelodysplasia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, juvenile chronic myelogenous or myelomonocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma may be eligible for this study. Candidates will be screened with a medical history, physical examination, blood tests (including testing for genetic match with the donor), breathing tests, X-rays, scans and other tests to determine eligibility. They may also undergo bone marrow aspiration, in which the hip area is anesthetized and a small sample of bone marrow is drawn through a needle inserted into the hipbone. A spinal tap may be done to look for cancer cells in the central nervous system. This procedure involves numbing the back and inserting a needle between the bones of the spine to withdraw a small amount of spinal fluid. A central venous catheter (flexible plastic tube placed in a vein) will be put in place before treatment begins. It will be used to draw and transfuse blood, give medications, and infuse the donated stem cells. Before the transplant procedure, patients will receive induction chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, etoposide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone for 4 days, followed by a 17-day rest period. No more than 3 cycles of this chemotherapy will be given. Following the induction chemotherapy, patients will be admitted to the Clinical Center for 4 days of chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and fludarabine. The donated stem cells will be infused 3 days later. Patients can leave the hospital when their white cell counts return to near normal and they have no serious complications. After discharge, they will be followed closely (at least once or twice weekly for the first 100 days after transplant) with a physical exam and blood tests. Patients may require immunoglobulin or antibiotics to fight infections and transfusions of red blood cells and platelets. After the 100 days, follow-up visits will continue less frequently for at least 5 years. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00013533

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MDX-060 Monoclonal Antibody in Treating Patients With Refractory or Relapsed Lymphoma Condition(s): recurrent adult Hodgkin's lymphoma; recurrent/refractory childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma; anaplastic large cell lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse large cell lymphoma; recurrent childhood large cell lymphoma; recurrent cutaneous T-cell lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Monoclonal antibodies such as MDX-060 can locate cancer cells and either kill them or deliver cancer-killing substances to them without harming normal cells. PURPOSE: Phase I/II trial to study the effectiveness of MDX-060 monoclonal antibody in treating patients who have refractory or relapsed lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase I; Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00059995

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Oblimersen and Gemcitabine in Treating Patients With Advanced Solid Tumor or Lymphoma Condition(s): adult Hodgkin's lymphoma; adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma; adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; adult solid tumor; Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Stanford University; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy such as gemcitabine use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Oblimersen may increase the effectiveness of gemcitabine by making cancer cells more sensitive to the drug. PURPOSE: Phase I trial to study the effectiveness of combining oblimersen with gemcitabine in treating patients who have metastatic or unresectable solid tumors or lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase I Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00060112

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Pegfilgrastim Compared With Filgrastim To Increase Peripheral Stem Cells Before Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients With Lymphoma Condition(s): adult Hodgkin's lymphoma; adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Colony-stimulating factors such as filgrastim and pegfilgrastim may increase the number of peripheral stem cells that can be collected during leukapheresis. Autologous stem cell transplantation may allow the doctor to give higher doses of chemotherapy drugs and kill more cancer cells. PURPOSE: Randomized

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phase II trial to compare the effectiveness of pegfilgrastim with that of filgrastim in increasing the number of peripheral stem cells in patients who are undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation for Hodgkin's lymphoma or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00060229 •

Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation Followed by White Blood Cell Infusion in Treating Patients With Hematologic Cancer Condition(s): childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Leukemia; Lymphoma; myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative diseases; plasma cell neoplasm Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Donor peripheral stem cell transplantation may be able to replace immune cells that were destroyed by chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Sometimes the transplanted cells are rejected by the body's normal tissues. Donor white blood cells that have been treated in the laboratory may prevent this from happening. PURPOSE: Phase I trial to determine the effectiveness of donor peripheral stem cell transplantation followed by infusions of donor white blood cells in treating patients who have hematologic cancer. Phase(s): Phase I Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00028041

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Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients With Hematologic Cancer Condition(s): Langerhans cell histiocytosis; childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; hematopoietic and lymphoid cancer Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Peripheral stem cell transplantation may be able to replace immune cells that were destroyed by chemotherapy and radiation therapy used to kill tumor cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of donor peripheral stem cell transplantation in treating patients who have hematologic cancer. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00008216

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Prophylactic Use of Filgrastim SD/01 in Patients With Hodgkin's Disease Receiving ABVD Chemotherapy Condition(s): Hodgkin Disease Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Purpose - Excerpt: For patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma receiving ABVD chemotherapy. Phase(s): Phase II; Phase III Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00038558

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Rituximab in Treating Patients With Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): stage I adult Hodgkin's lymphoma; stage II adult Hodgkin's lymphoma; stage III adult Hodgkin's lymphoma; stage IV adult Hodgkin's lymphoma; recurrent adult Hodgkin's lymphoma; adult lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Stanford University Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab can locate tumor cells and either kill them or deliver tumor-killing substances to them without harming normal cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of rituximab in treating patients who have Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00003820

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Study of @neWorld: A Virtual Community for Children With Cancer Condition(s): childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood solid tumor; Leukemia; psychosocial effects and treatment Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Leap of Faith Technologies; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Using an Internet Web site that enables children with cancer to interact online with classmates, participate in classroom activities, get easy-toread medical information, and chat with family members, medical staff, and other children with cancer, may help children cope with isolation, fear, and decreased selfesteem. PURPOSE: Phase I/II trial to study the effectiveness of an Internet Web site in providing social support and education to children who are receiving treatment for cancer. Phase(s): Phase I; Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00070421

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Umbilical Cord Blood and Placental Blood Transplantation in Treating Patients With Hematologic Cancer or Aplastic Anemia Condition(s): Langerhans cell histiocytosis; childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; hematopoietic and lymphoid cancer Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Umbilical cord blood or placental blood transplantation may be able to replace immune cells that were destroyed by the chemotherapy or radiation therapy that was used to kill cancer cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of umbilical cord blood and placental blood transplantation in treating patients who have hematologic cancer or aplastic anemia. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00008164

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Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients With Relapsed Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): recurrent adult Hodgkin's lymphoma; recurrent/refractory childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Baylor College of Medicine Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Vaccines made from cancer cells that have the EpsteinBarr virus may make the body build an immune response to and kill tumor cells. PURPOSE: Phase I trial to study the effectiveness of Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T cells in treating patients with relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase I Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00002821

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Gemcitabine and Vinorelbine in Treating Young Patients With Recurrent or Refractory Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): recurrent/refractory childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood lymphocyte depletion Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood mixed cellularity Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is not yet open for patient recruitment. Sponsor(s): Children's Oncology Group; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as gemcitabine and vinorelbine, use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining more than one drug may kill more cancer cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of combining gemcitabine with vinorelbine in treating young patients who have recurrent or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma.

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Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00070304 •

Immunotherapy Using Cyclosporine, Interferon gamma, and Interleukin-2 After High-Dose Myeloablative Chemotherapy With Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients With Refractory or Relapsed Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): recurrent adult Hodgkin's lymphoma; recurrent/refractory childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is not yet open for patient recruitment. Sponsor(s): Children's Oncology Group; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation may allow the doctor to give higher doses of chemotherapy drugs and kill more cancer cells. Giving immunotherapy using cyclosporine, interferon gamma, and interleukin-2 after stem cell transplantation may help the transplanted cells kill more cancer cells. It is not yet known whether high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation is more effective with or without immunotherapy. PURPOSE: Randomized phase II/III trial to compare the effectiveness of high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation with or without immunotherapy using cyclosporine, interferon gamma, and interleukin-2 in treating patients who have refractory or relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II; Phase III Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00070187

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Reduced-Intensity Regimen Before Bone Marrow Transplantation in Treating Patients With Relapsed Non-Hodgkin's or Hodgkin's Lymphoma Condition(s): adult Hodgkin's lymphoma; adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Study Status: This study is not yet open for patient recruitment. Sponsor(s): Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Photopheresis allows patient white blood cells to be treated with ultraviolet light and drugs outside the body to inactivate T cells. Pentostatin may suppress the immune system and reduce the chance of developing graft-versus-host disease following bone marrow transplantation. Combining photopheresis with pentostatin and total-body irradiation may be effective in killing cancer cells before bone marrow transplantation. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of photophoresis, pentostatin, and total-body irradiation as a reducedintensity regimen before allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in treating patients who have relapsed non-Hodgkin's or Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase(s): Phase II

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Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00057954 •

Whole-Body Fast MRI and Conventional Imaging in Detecting Distant Metastases in Young Patients With Solid Tumors or Lymphoma Condition(s): Ewing's family of tumors; childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; childhood rhabdomyosarcoma; Neuroblastoma Study Status: This study is not yet open for patient recruitment. Sponsor(s): American College of Radiology Imaging Network; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: New imaging procedures, such as whole-body fast MRI, may improve the ability to detect metastatic cancer and determine the extent of disease. PURPOSE: Diagnostic trial to compare the effectiveness of whole-body fast MRI with that of standard imaging procedures in detecting distant metastases in patients who have solid tumors or lymphoma. Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00072488

Keeping Current on Clinical Trials The U.S. National Institutes of Health, through the National Library of Medicine, has developed ClinicalTrials.gov to provide current information about clinical research across the broadest number of diseases and conditions. The site was launched in February 2000 and currently contains approximately 5,700 clinical studies in over 59,000 locations worldwide, with most studies being conducted in the United States. ClinicalTrials.gov receives about 2 million hits per month and hosts approximately 5,400 visitors daily. To access this database, simply go to the Web site at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ and search by “Hodgkin’s disease” (or synonyms). While ClinicalTrials.gov is the most comprehensive listing of NIH-supported clinical trials available, not all trials are in the database. The database is updated regularly, so clinical trials are continually being added. The following is a list of specialty databases affiliated with the National Institutes of Health that offer additional information on trials: •

For clinical studies at the Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center located in Bethesda, Maryland, visit their Web site: http://clinicalstudies.info.nih.gov/

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For clinical studies conducted at the Bayview Campus in Baltimore, Maryland, visit their Web site: http://www.jhbmc.jhu.edu/studies/index.html

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For cancer trials, visit the National Cancer Institute: http://cancertrials.nci.nih.gov/

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For eye-related trials, visit and search the Web page of the National Eye Institute: http://www.nei.nih.gov/neitrials/index.htm

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For heart, lung and blood trials, visit the Web page of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/studies/index.htm

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For trials on aging, visit and search the Web site of the National Institute on Aging: http://www.grc.nia.nih.gov/studies/index.htm

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For rare diseases, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the Office of Rare Diseases: http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/resources/rsch_trials.asp

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For alcoholism, visit the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/intramural/Web_dicbr_hp/particip.htm

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For trials on infectious, immune, and allergic diseases, visit the site of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: http://www.niaid.nih.gov/clintrials/

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For trials on arthritis, musculoskeletal and skin diseases, visit newly revised site of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health: http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/studies/index.htm

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For hearing-related trials, visit the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders: http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/clinical/index.htm

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For trials on diseases of the digestive system and kidneys, and diabetes, visit the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: http://www.niddk.nih.gov/patient/patient.htm

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For drug abuse trials, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse: http://www.nida.nih.gov/CTN/Index.htm

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For trials on mental disorders, visit and search the Web site of the National Institute of Mental Health: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/studies/index.cfm

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For trials on neurological disorders and stroke, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the NIH: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/funding_opportunities.htm#Clinical_Trials

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CHAPTER 6. BOOKS ON HODGKIN’S DISEASE Overview This chapter provides bibliographic book references relating to Hodgkin’s disease. In addition to online booksellers such as www.amazon.com and www.bn.com, excellent sources for book titles on Hodgkin’s disease include the Combined Health Information Database and the National Library of Medicine. Your local medical library also may have these titles available for loan.

Book Summaries: Online Booksellers Commercial Internet-based booksellers, such as Amazon.com and Barnes&Noble.com, offer summaries which have been supplied by each title’s publisher. Some summaries also include customer reviews. Your local bookseller may have access to in-house and commercial databases that index all published books (e.g. Books in Print®). IMPORTANT NOTE: Online booksellers typically produce search results for medical and non-medical books. When searching for “Hodgkin’s disease” at online booksellers’ Web sites, you may discover non-medical books that use the generic term “Hodgkin’s disease” (or a synonym) in their titles. The following is indicative of the results you might find when searching for “Hodgkin’s disease” (sorted alphabetically by title; follow the hyperlink to view more details at Amazon.com): •

21st Century Complete Medical Guide to Hodgkin's Disease - Authoritative Government Documents and Clinical References for Patients and Physicians with Practical Information on Diagnosis and Treatment Options by PM Medical Health News; ISBN: 1592480233; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1592480233/icongroupinterna

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Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation for Hodgkin's Disease, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma; ISBN: 3540561307; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/3540561307/icongroupinterna

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Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation for Hodgkin's Disease, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma by A.R. Zander, B. Barlogie (Editor); ISBN: 0387561307; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0387561307/icongroupinterna

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Controversies in the Management of Lymphomas: Including Hodgkin's Disease by John M. Bennett (Editor) (1983); ISBN: 0898385865; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0898385865/icongroupinterna

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Etiology of Hodgkin's Disease (NATO Asi Series. Series A, Life Sciences , Vol 280) by Ruth F. Jarrett (Editor), et al (1995); ISBN: 0306452057; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0306452057/icongroupinterna

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Fourth International Symposium on Hodgkin's Lymphoma by ENGERT, A. Engert; ISBN: 905702361X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/905702361X/icongroupinterna

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Histopathology Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas by Karl. Lennert; ISBN: 0387104453; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0387104453/icongroupinterna

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Histopathology of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas by Karl Lennert, A. C. Feller; ISBN: 0387512705; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0387512705/icongroupinterna

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Hodgkin's Disease by Judith Peacock (2001); ISBN: 0736810277; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0736810277/icongroupinterna

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Hodgkin's Disease by Peter M. Mauch (Editor), et al; ISBN: 0781715024; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0781715024/icongroupinterna

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Hodgkin's Disease by Henry S., Kaplan; ISBN: 0674404750; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0674404750/icongroupinterna

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Hodgkin's disease; ISBN: 0842271937; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0842271937/icongroupinterna

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Hodgkin's Disease by David W. Molander, George T. Pack; ISBN: 0398013225; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0398013225/icongroupinterna

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Hodgkin's Disease by P. Selby MA MD MRCP (Editor), T.J. McElwain FRCP (Editor); ISBN: 0632013354; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0632013354/icongroupinterna

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Hodgkin's Disease & Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: New Perspectives in Immunopathology, Diagnosis, & Treatment by Richard J. Ford (Editor), Clinical Conference on Cancer (1984); ISBN: 0608006289; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0608006289/icongroupinterna

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Hodgkin's Disease and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: New Perspectives in Immunopathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment (Ut M. D. Anderson Clinical Conference O) by Richard J. Ford (Editor); ISBN: 0881670391; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0881670391/icongroupinterna

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Hodgkin's Disease and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas in Adults and Children by Lillian M. Fuller (Editor), et al; ISBN: 0890047952; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0890047952/icongroupinterna

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Hodgkin's Disease and the Lymphomas (ARR) by C R Taylor; ISBN: 0443018014; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0443018014/icongroupinterna

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Hodgkin's Disease III: Occurrence and Diagnosis (Hodgkin's Disease Series, Vol 3) by M. R. Alderson (1974); ISBN: 0842271953; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0842271953/icongroupinterna

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Hodgkin's Disease in Children: Controversies and Current Practice (Cancer Treatment and Research) by W.A. Kamps, et al (1989); ISBN: 0898383722; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0898383722/icongroupinterna

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Hodgkin's Disease IV: Therapy and Complications by Daina : Panettiere, Frank Variakojis, George P. Canellos (1974); ISBN: 0685501116; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0685501116/icongroupinterna

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Hodgkin's Disease: The Consequences of Survival by Mortimer J. Lacher, John R. Redman; ISBN: 0812112040; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0812112040/icongroupinterna

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Magical Story: A Teenager's Inspiring Battle With Hodgkin's Disease by Leslie Bowden, Brian Bowden (2002); ISBN: 0971331820; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0971331820/icongroupinterna

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Malignant Lymphomas and Hodgkin's Disease: Experimental and Therapeutic Advances (Developments in Oncology) by Franco Cavalli (Editor), et al (1986); ISBN: 0898387272; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0898387272/icongroupinterna

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Malignant Lymphomas, Including Hodgkin's Disease: Diagnosis, Management, and Special Problems (Cancer Treatment and Research) by Bruce W. Dana (Editor) (1993); ISBN: 0792321715; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0792321715/icongroupinterna

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Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas: Making Sense of Diagnosis, Treatment and Options by Lorraine Johnston; ISBN: 1565924444; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1565924444/icongroupinterna

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The Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas by Ian T. Magrath (Editor) (1997); ISBN: 0340557931; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0340557931/icongroupinterna

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The Official Patient's Sourcebook on Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma During Pregnancy: A Revised and Updated Directory for the Internet Age by Icon Health Publications (2002); ISBN: 0597834792; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0597834792/icongroupinterna

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Treatment Strategy in Hodgkin's Disease by R. Somers (1998); ISBN: 2855983983; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/2855983983/icongroupinterna

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Understanding Hodgkin's Disease (1999); ISBN: 1901276295; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1901276295/icongroupinterna

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What you need to know about Hodgkin's disease (SuDoc HE 20.3152:H 66/2/999) by U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services; ISBN: B000112CTK; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B000112CTK/icongroupinterna

The National Library of Medicine Book Index The National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health has a massive database of books published on healthcare and biomedicine. Go to the following Internet site, http://locatorplus.gov/, and then select “Search LOCATORplus.” Once you are in the search area, simply type “Hodgkin’s disease” (or synonyms) into the search box, and select “books

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only.” From there, results can be sorted by publication date, author, or relevance. The following was recently catalogued by the National Library of Medicine:9 •

Borderline cases of Hodgkin's disease. Author: Offerhaus, Leonardus.; Year: 1976; Assen, Van Gorcum, 1957

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Current studies on standardization problems in clinical pathology, haematology, and radiotherapy in Hodgkin's disease: proceedings of the third international symposium of the Comitato italiano per la standardizzazione dei metodi ematologici e di laboratorio (CISMEL), San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy, 12-14 September 1974 Author: Astaldi, Giovanni.; Year: 1978; Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica; New York: American Elsevier, 1975; ISBN: 0444151621 http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0444151621/icongroupinterna

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Hodgkin's disease Author: Kaplan, Henry S.,; Year: 1979; Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1980; ISBN: 0674404858 http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0674404858/icongroupinterna

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Hodgkin's disease: histopathology and clinico-pathological correlations Author: Vrede, Martinus Albert.; Year: 1983; Amsterdam: Ronald Meesters, 1981

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Hodgkin's disease and allied disorders [by] Henry Jackson, Jr. and Frederic Parker, Jr. Author: Jackson, Henry,; Year: 1947; New York, Oxford Univ. Press, 1947

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Hodgkin's disease and its interrelationships with other disorders. Author: Dawe, Clyde J. (Clyde Johnson),; Year: 1923; [Minneapolis] 1955

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Hodgkin's disease, compiled and edited by David W. Molander and George T. Pack. Author: Molander, David W.,; Year: 1969; Springfield, Ill., Thomas [c1968]

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Hodgkin's disease. Author: Bennett, Robert Allan,; Year: 1973; Bristol, Wright, 1923

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Immunodeficiency in Hodgkin's disease and its relation to prognosis Author: Björkholm, Magnus.; Year: 1980; Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1978; ISBN: 8716028724

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Immunological studies in Hodgkin's disease: with special reference to the influence of splenectomy Author: Wagener, Damianus Johannes Theodorus.; Year: 1962; Meppel [Netherlands]: Krips Repro, [1976?]

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Immunopathology of Hodgkin's disease Author: Poppema, Siebrandes.; Year: 1981; [Groningen, Netherlands: s.n.], 1979

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Lymphographic polymorphism in Hodgkin's disease; correlation of lymphography to histology and duration. Author: Wiljasalo,kka/Sir.; Year: 1971; Stockholm, 1969

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Lymphomas other than Hodgkin's disease Author: Stuart, Angus Erskine.; Year: 1983; Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1981; ISBN: 0192612964 http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0192612964/icongroupinterna

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Malignant lymphomas other than Hodgkin's disease: histology, cytology, ultrastructure, immunology Author: Lennert, Karl.; Year: 1978; Berlin; New York: Springer-Verlag, 1977; ISBN: 0387080201

9

In addition to LOCATORPlus, in collaboration with authors and publishers, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is currently adapting biomedical books for the Web. The books may be accessed in two ways: (1) by searching directly using any search term or phrase (in the same way as the bibliographic database PubMed), or (2) by following the links to PubMed abstracts. Each PubMed abstract has a "Books" button that displays a facsimile of the abstract in which some phrases are hypertext links. These phrases are also found in the books available at NCBI. Click on hyperlinked results in the list of books in which the phrase is found. Currently, the majority of the links are between the books and PubMed. In the future, more links will be created between the books and other types of information, such as gene and protein sequences and macromolecular structures. See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Books.

Books

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•

Management of Hodgkin's disease and the other lymphomas journal articles; a collection of current published articles related to Hodgkin's disease and the other lymphomas, by Edward S. Greenwald and Warren Zeitlin. Author: Greenwald, Edward S.,; Year: 1955; Flushing, N. Y., Medical Examination Pub. Co., c1971; ISBN: 087488515

•

Monocyte function in Hodgkin's disease Author: Mulder, Pieter Henri Maria de,; Year: 1949; [S.l.: s.n.], 1983

•

Splenectomy in Hodgkin's disease: a clinical and immunological study Author: Askergren, Jutta.; Year: 1976; Stockholm: [s.n.], 1980

•

Splenic dissemination of Hodgkin's Disease Author: Halie, Martin Rudolf.; Year: 1981; Groningen: Veenstra-Visser Offset, 1977

•

Spontaneous lymphocyte transformation in Hodgkin's disease Author: Pauw, Bernardus Emilianus de.; Year: 1977; Meppel, [Netherlands]: Krips Repro, [1980]

•

Symposium on changing concepts in Hodgkin's disease, lymphomas, and leukemias. Philip Rubin, Malcolm A. Bagshaw, guest editors. Author: Rubin, Philip,; Year: 1968; Philadelphia, London, Saunders [c1968]

•

The Natural history, diagnosis and treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Guest editors: G. Mathé & M. Tubiana. Author: Mathé, Georges.; Year: 1973; Copenhagen, Munksgaard [1973]; ISBN: 87013611 <

•

Une nouvelle théorie pathogénique de la maladie de Hodgkin. A new pathogenic theory of Hodgkin's disease. Author: Jakob, P.; Year: 1975; [Bethesda, Md., 1949]

Chapters on Hodgkin’s Disease In order to find chapters that specifically relate to Hodgkin’s disease, an excellent source of abstracts is the Combined Health Information Database. You will need to limit your search to book chapters and Hodgkin’s disease using the “Detailed Search” option. Go to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find book chapters, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Book Chapter.” Type “Hodgkin’s disease” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box.

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CHAPTER 7. MULTIMEDIA ON HODGKIN’S DISEASE Overview In this chapter, we show you how to keep current on multimedia sources of information on Hodgkin’s disease. We start with sources that have been summarized by federal agencies, and then show you how to find bibliographic information catalogued by the National Library of Medicine.

Bibliography: Multimedia on Hodgkin’s Disease The National Library of Medicine is a rich source of information on healthcare-related multimedia productions including slides, computer software, and databases. To access the multimedia database, go to the following Web site: http://locatorplus.gov/. Select “Search LOCATORplus.” Once in the search area, simply type in Hodgkin’s disease (or synonyms). Then, in the option box provided below the search box, select “Audiovisuals and Computer Files.” From there, you can choose to sort results by publication date, author, or relevance. The following multimedia has been indexed on Hodgkin’s disease: •

Clinical and immunological aspects of Hodgkin's disease [videorecording] Source: [presented by] American Society of Clinical Pathologists; Year: 1979; Format: Videorecording; Chicago: The Society, c1979

•

Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas [slide] Source: [produced and published by Gower Medical Publishing]; Year: 1991; Format: Slide; New York, NY: Gower Medical Pub., c1991

•

Hodgkin's disease [slide]. Year: 1985; Format: Slide; [Columbus, Ohio]: Center for Continuing Medical Education, the Ohio State University College of Medicine, [1985]

•

Hodgkin's disease [sound recording]: controversies in staging and treatment. Year: 1989; Format: Sound recording; Chicago, IL: Teach'em, [1989]

•

Hodgkin's disease [sound recording]: current management challenges Source: American Society of Clinical Oncology; Year: 1994; Format: Sound recording; [Chicago, Ill.]: The Society, [1994]

•

Hodgkin's disease [videorecording] Source: author and faculty coordinator, May L. Votaw; faculty consultant, Roland Hiss; Biomedical Media Production Unit, the

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University of Michigan Medical Center, Office of Educational Resources & Research; Year: 1981; Format: Videorecording; Ann Arbor, Mich.: The University, c1978-1981 •

Hodgkin's disease [videorecording]: complications of survival Source: with Mortimer J. Lacher; Year: 1985; Format: Videorecording; Secaucus, N.J.: Network for Continuing Medical Education, 1985

•

Hodgkin's disease [videorecording]: issues in management Source: with Sandra Horning; Year: 1989; Format: Videorecording; Secaucus, N.J.: Network for Continuing Medical Education, c1989

•

Malignant lymphoma [slide] Source: American Society of Hematology; Year: 1974; Format: Slide; [Seattle: The Society: for sale by University of Washington Health Sciences Center for Educational Resources, 1974]

•

Malignant lymphomas: chest involvement [slide] Source: T. J. Wachowski and E. J. Liebner; Year: 1965; Format: Slide; [Urbana, Ill.: Wachowski; Chicago: for sale by Micro X-Ray Recorder, Inc., Medical Film Slide Division, 196-?]

•

Medical management of Hodgkin's disease [slide] Source: Radiological Society of North America; Year: 1983; Format: Slide; [Chicago, Ill.]: RSNA, c1983

•

Pediatric Hodgkin's disease, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and leukemia [sound recording]. Year: 1989; Format: Sound recording; Chicago, IL: Teach'em, [1989]

•

Radiation treatment of patients with Hodgkin's disease [slide] Source: Radiological Society of North America; Year: 1983; Format: Slide; [Chicago, Ill.]: RSNA, c1983

•

Staging laparotomy for Hodgkin's disease [videorecording] Source: author, Hugo V. Villar; produced by Biomedical Communications, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center; Year: 1983; Format: Videorecording; Tucson, AZ: The University, c1983

•

The Classification of malignant lymphomas [slide] Source: John M. Bennett, Richard J. Werner; Year: 1973; Format: Slide; [New York]: Medcom, c1973

•

The Histopathology of Hodgkin's disease [videorecording] Source: American Society of Clinical Pathologists; Year: 1977; Format: Videorecording; Chicago: The Society, c1977

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CHAPTER 8. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON HODGKIN’S DISEASE Overview In this chapter, we suggest a number of news sources and present various periodicals that cover Hodgkin’s disease.

News Services and Press Releases One of the simplest ways of tracking press releases on Hodgkin’s disease is to search the news wires. In the following sample of sources, we will briefly describe how to access each service. These services only post recent news intended for public viewing. PR Newswire To access the PR Newswire archive, simply go to http://www.prnewswire.com/. Select your country. Type “Hodgkin’s disease” (or synonyms) into the search box. You will automatically receive information on relevant news releases posted within the last 30 days. The search results are shown by order of relevance. Reuters Health The Reuters’ Medical News and Health eLine databases can be very useful in exploring news archives relating to Hodgkin’s disease. While some of the listed articles are free to view, others are available for purchase for a nominal fee. To access this archive, go to http://www.reutershealth.com/en/index.html and search by “Hodgkin’s disease” (or synonyms). The following was recently listed in this archive for Hodgkin’s disease: •

Cancer checks for UK Hodgkin's disease survivors Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: November 10, 2003

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•

Britain offers breast cancer screening to Hodgkin's disease survivors Source: Reuters Medical News Date: November 10, 2003

•

Mononucleosis raises risk of EBV-negative and -positive Hodgkin's disease Source: Reuters Medical News Date: November 07, 2003

•

Higher mortality persists decades after Hodgkin's lymphoma remission Source: Reuters Medical News Date: October 08, 2003

•

Mononucleosis-related EBV infection may cause Hodgkin's lymphoma Source: Reuters Medical News Date: October 01, 2003

•

'Kissing disease' may cause Hodgkin's disease Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: October 01, 2003

•

BEACOPP more effective than COPP-ABVD for advanced Hodgkin's disease Source: Reuters Medical News Date: June 11, 2003

•

Increased malignant lymphoma risk observed in RA patients Source: Reuters Medical News Date: April 24, 2003

•

ABVD recommended as standard regimen for advanced Hodgkin's disease Source: Reuters Industry Breifing Date: March 11, 2003

•

BCL-2 expression predicts poor outcome in classical Hodgkin's disease Source: Reuters Medical News Date: January 07, 2003

•

Simple test yields prognostic data in early-stage Hodgkin's disease Source: Reuters Medical News Date: January 02, 2003

•

Findings strengthen link between smoking and adult-onset Hodgkin's disease Source: Reuters Medical News Date: December 19, 2002

•

Study strengthens smoking, Hodgkin's disease link Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: December 10, 2002

•

HAART improves survival in patients with HIV-related Hodgkin's disease Source: Reuters Industry Breifing Date: October 22, 2002

•

Risk of second cancer remains high 25 years after Hodgkin's disease Source: Reuters Medical News Date: August 15, 2002

•

Limited therapy effective in children with early-stage Hodgkin's disease Source: Reuters Medical News Date: August 05, 2002

Periodicals and News

•

Stem cell transplantation reduces treatment failure in relapsed Hodgkin's disease Source: Reuters Industry Breifing Date: June 14, 2002

•

Lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's disease may require less toxic treatment Source: Reuters Medical News Date: June 03, 2002

•

Radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease increases breast cancer risk Source: Reuters Medical News Date: May 02, 2002

•

Excess mortality risk persists after treatment of early-stage Hodgkin's disease Source: Reuters Medical News Date: April 30, 2002

•

Cyclophosphamide use cuts risk of second cancers in pediatric Hodgkin's disease Source: Reuters Medical News Date: April 22, 2002

•

Stanford V chemotherapy plus radiation effective in advanced Hodgkin's disease Source: Reuters Medical News Date: February 22, 2002

•

Inex oncologic begins phase II Hodgkin's disease study Source: Reuters Industry Breifing Date: February 12, 2002

•

Treatment history predicts lung cancer risk in patients with Hodgkin's disease Source: Reuters Medical News Date: February 06, 2002

•

Allogeneic BMT may be optimal for refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma Source: Reuters Medical News Date: December 11, 2001

•

Novel chemoradiation protocol improves survival in early Hodgkin's disease Source: Reuters Industry Breifing Date: November 13, 2001

•

EBV a pathogenic factor in Hodgkin's disease Source: Reuters Medical News Date: June 11, 2001

•

Virus may make Hodgkin's disease deadlier Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: April 18, 2001

•

EBV-positive Hodgkin's disease linked to poor outcome in older women Source: Reuters Medical News Date: April 17, 2001

•

Early Hodgkin's disease responds well to mantle irradiation alone Source: Reuters Medical News Date: February 16, 2001

•

Hodgkin's disease risk increased in patients with ulcerative colitis Source: Reuters Medical News Date: September 18, 2000

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204 Hodgkin’s Disease

•

Hybrid chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease effective, well tolerated Source: Reuters Medical News Date: May 11, 2000

•

Second malignancy a frequent finding in survivors of childhood Hodgkin's disease Source: Reuters Medical News Date: May 03, 2000

•

EBV infection increases response to chemotherapy, survival in Hodgkin's disease Source: Reuters Medical News Date: July 28, 1999

•

Discovery may lead to new treatments for Hodgkin's disease Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: July 06, 1999

•

Novel cytoreductive regimen effective in patients with refractory Hodgkin's disease Source: Reuters Medical News Date: June 07, 1999

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Hodgkin's disease should be considered an AIDS-defining illness Source: Reuters Medical News Date: May 14, 1999

•

Common precursors identified in patients with both Hodgkin's disease, nonHodgkin's lymphoma Source: Reuters Medical News Date: April 22, 1999

•

HIV-related Hodgkin's disease derives from post-germinal center B cells Source: Reuters Medical News Date: April 01, 1999

•

Chronic fatigue prevalent among survivors of Hodgkin's disease Source: Reuters Medical News Date: January 13, 1999

•

New chemotherapy regimen for late-stage Hodgkin's disease promising Source: Reuters Medical News Date: December 02, 1998

•

New prognostic score for advanced Hodgkin's disease developed Source: Reuters Medical News Date: November 19, 1998

•

Good prognosis following late relapse of Hodgkin's disease Source: Reuters Medical News Date: August 11, 1998

•

Serum Levels Of Soluble CD30 Identify High-Risk Hodgkin's Disease Patients Source: Reuters Medical News Date: April 29, 1998

•

Cytotoxic T-Cell Therapy Shows Promise In EBV-Positive Hodgkin's Disease Source: Reuters Medical News Date: April 29, 1998

•

Second Cancers Common After Treatment Of Hodgkin's Disease Source: Reuters Medical News Date: February 18, 1998

Periodicals and News

•

NF-Kappa-B Has Roles In Breast Cancer And Hodgkin's Disease Source: Reuters Medical News Date: December 16, 1997

•

Irradiation Unnecessary In Treatment of Early-Stage, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Source: Reuters Medical News Date: October 30, 1997

•

Population-Based Data Support Infectious Hodgkin's Disease Etiology Source: Reuters Medical News Date: October 21, 1997

•

Less Aggressive Therapy Recommended For Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin's Disease Source: Reuters Medical News Date: September 22, 1997

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The NIH Within MEDLINEplus, the NIH has made an agreement with the New York Times Syndicate, the AP News Service, and Reuters to deliver news that can be browsed by the public. Search news releases at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alphanews_a.html. MEDLINEplus allows you to browse across an alphabetical index. Or you can search by date at the following Web page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/newsbydate.html. Often, news items are indexed by MEDLINEplus within its search engine. Business Wire Business Wire is similar to PR Newswire. To access this archive, simply go to http://www.businesswire.com/. You can scan the news by industry category or company name. Market Wire Market Wire is more focused on technology than the other wires. To browse the latest press releases by topic, such as alternative medicine, biotechnology, fitness, healthcare, legal, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals, access Market Wire’s Medical/Health channel at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release_index?channel=MedicalHealth. Or simply go to Market Wire’s home page at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/home, type “Hodgkin’s disease” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click on “Search News.” As this service is technology oriented, you may wish to use it when searching for press releases covering diagnostic procedures or tests. Search Engines Medical news is also available in the news sections of commercial Internet search engines. See the health news page at Yahoo (http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/News_and_Media/), or you can use this Web site’s general news search page at http://news.yahoo.com/. Type in “Hodgkin’s disease” (or synonyms). If you know the name of a company that is relevant to

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Hodgkin’s disease, you can go to any stock trading Web site (such as http://www.etrade.com/) and search for the company name there. News items across various news sources are reported on indicated hyperlinks. Google offers a similar service at http://news.google.com/. BBC Covering news from a more European perspective, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) allows the public free access to their news archive located at http://www.bbc.co.uk/. Search by “Hodgkin’s disease” (or synonyms).

Academic Periodicals covering Hodgkin’s Disease Numerous periodicals are currently indexed within the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database that are known to publish articles relating to Hodgkin’s disease. In addition to these sources, you can search for articles covering Hodgkin’s disease that have been published by any of the periodicals listed in previous chapters. To find the latest studies published, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, type the name of the periodical into the search box, and click “Go.” If you want complete details about the historical contents of a journal, you can also visit the following Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/jrbrowser.cgi. Here, type in the name of the journal or its abbreviation, and you will receive an index of published articles. At http://locatorplus.gov/, you can retrieve more indexing information on medical periodicals (e.g. the name of the publisher). Select the button “Search LOCATORplus.” Then type in the name of the journal and select the advanced search option “Journal Title Search.”

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CHAPTER 9. RESEARCHING MEDICATIONS Overview While a number of hard copy or CD-ROM resources are available for researching medications, a more flexible method is to use Internet-based databases. Broadly speaking, there are two sources of information on approved medications: public sources and private sources. We will emphasize free-to-use public sources.

U.S. Pharmacopeia Because of historical investments by various organizations and the emergence of the Internet, it has become rather simple to learn about the medications recommended for Hodgkin’s disease. One such source is the United States Pharmacopeia. In 1820, eleven physicians met in Washington, D.C. to establish the first compendium of standard drugs for the United States. They called this compendium the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP). Today, the USP is a non-profit organization consisting of 800 volunteer scientists, eleven elected officials, and 400 representatives of state associations and colleges of medicine and pharmacy. The USP is located in Rockville, Maryland, and its home page is located at http://www.usp.org/. The USP currently provides standards for over 3,700 medications. The resulting USP DI® Advice for the Patient® can be accessed through the National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health. The database is partially derived from lists of federally approved medications in the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Drug Approvals database, located at http://www.fda.gov/cder/da/da.htm. While the FDA database is rather large and difficult to navigate, the Phamacopeia is both user-friendly and free to use. It covers more than 9,000 prescription and over-the-counter medications. To access this database, simply type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginformation.html. To view examples of a given medication (brand names, category, description, preparation, proper use, precautions, side effects, etc.), simply follow the hyperlinks indicated within the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). Below, we have compiled a list of medications associated with Hodgkin’s disease. If you would like more information on a particular medication, the provided hyperlinks will direct you to ample documentation (e.g. typical dosage, side effects, drug-interaction risks, etc.).

208 Hodgkin’s Disease

The following drugs have been mentioned in the Pharmacopeia and other sources as being potentially applicable to Hodgkin’s disease: Leucovorin •

Systemic - U.S. Brands: Wellcovorin http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202321.html

Rituximab •

Systemic - U.S. Brands: Rituxan http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/203423.html

Teniposide •

Systemic - U.S. Brands: Vumon http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/203661.html

Commercial Databases In addition to the medications listed in the USP above, a number of commercial sites are available by subscription to physicians and their institutions. Or, you may be able to access these sources from your local medical library.

Mosby’s Drug Consult™ Mosby’s Drug Consult™ database (also available on CD-ROM and book format) covers 45,000 drug products including generics and international brands. It provides prescribing information, drug interactions, and patient information. Subscription information is available at the following hyperlink: http://www.mosbysdrugconsult.com/. PDRhealth The PDRhealth database is a free-to-use, drug information search engine that has been written for the public in layman’s terms. It contains FDA-approved drug information adapted from the Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR) database. PDRhealth can be searched by brand name, generic name, or indication. It features multiple drug interactions reports. Search PDRhealth at http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/index.html. Other Web Sites Drugs.com (www.drugs.com) reproduces the information in the Pharmacopeia as well as commercial information. You may also want to consider the Web site of the Medical Letter, Inc. (http://www.medletter.com/) which allows users to download articles on various drugs and therapeutics for a nominal fee.

Researching Medications

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Researching Orphan Drugs Although the list of orphan drugs is revised on a daily basis, you can quickly research orphan drugs that might be applicable to Hodgkin’s disease by using the database managed by the National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. (NORD), at http://www.rarediseases.org/. Scroll down the page, and on the left toolbar, click on “Orphan Drug Designation Database.” On this page (http://www.rarediseases.org/search/noddsearch.html), type “Hodgkin’s disease” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.” When you receive your results, note that not all of the drugs may be relevant, as some may have been withdrawn from orphan status. Write down or print out the name of each drug and the relevant contact information. From there, visit the Pharmacopeia Web site and type the name of each orphan drug into the search box at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginformation.html. You may need to contact the sponsor or NORD for further information. NORD conducts “early access programs for investigational new drugs (IND) under the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) approval ‘Treatment INDs’ programs which allow for a limited number of individuals to receive investigational drugs before FDA marketing approval.” If the orphan product about which you are seeking information is approved for marketing, information on side effects can be found on the product’s label. If the product is not approved, you may need to contact the sponsor. The following is a list of orphan drugs currently listed in the NORD Orphan Drug Designation Database for Hodgkin’s disease: •

Hu1D10, humanized monoclonal antibody (trade name: Remitogen) http://www.rarediseases.org/nord/search/nodd_full?code=1220

•

In-111 murine Mab(2b8-mx-dtpa) & Y-90 murine Mab(2 (trade name: Melimmune) http://www.rarediseases.org/nord/search/nodd_full?code=63

•

Cladribine (trade name: Leustatin Injection) http://www.rarediseases.org/nord/search/nodd_full?code=647

•

LymphoCIDE http://www.rarediseases.org/nord/search/nodd_full?code=930

•

Aldesleukin (trade name: Proleukin) http://www.rarediseases.org/nord/search/nodd_full?code=949

•

Mitoguazone (trade name: Zyrkamine) http://www.rarediseases.org/nord/search/nodd_full?code=81

•

Murine MAb (Lym-1) and Iodine 131-I radiolabled mu (trade name: Oncolym) http://www.rarediseases.org/nord/search/nodd_full?code=954

If you have any questions about a medical treatment, the FDA may have an office near you. Look for their number in the blue pages of the phone book. You can also contact the FDA through its toll-free number, 1-888-INFO-FDA (1-888-463-6332), or on the World Wide Web at www.fda.gov.

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APPENDICES

213

APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.

NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute10: •

Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm

•

National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/

•

National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html

•

National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25

•

National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm

•

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm

•

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375

•

National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/

10

These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.

214 Hodgkin’s Disease

•

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm

•

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/

•

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm

•

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm

•

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm

•

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html

•

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm

•

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm

•

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm

•

National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html

•

National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm

•

Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp

•

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/

•

National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp

•

Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html

•

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm

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NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.11 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:12 •

Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html

•

HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html

•

NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html

•

Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html

•

Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html

•

Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html

•

Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html

•

Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html

•

MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html

11

Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 12 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html.

216 Hodgkin’s Disease

•

Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html

•

Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html

The NLM Gateway13 The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.14 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “Hodgkin’s disease” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total

Items Found 25626 268 946 75 0 26915

HSTAT15 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.16 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice.17 Simply search by “Hodgkin’s disease” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov.

13

Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x.

14

The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 15 Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html. 16 17

The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/.

Other important documents in HSTAT include: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference Reports and Technology Assessment Reports; the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) resource documents; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIP) and Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (SAMHSA/CSAP) Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS); the Public Health Service (PHS) Preventive Services Task Force's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services; the independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Services’ Guide to Community Preventive Services; and the Health Technology Advisory Committee (HTAC) of the Minnesota Health Care Commission (MHCC) health technology evaluations.

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Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists18 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.19 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.20 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.

Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: •

CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.

•

Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.

18 Adapted 19

from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html.

The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 20 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process.

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APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on Hodgkin’s disease can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internetbased services that post them.

Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to Hodgkin’s disease. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly. The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below. Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to Hodgkin’s disease. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “Hodgkin’s disease”:

220 Hodgkin’s Disease

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Other guides Bone Marrow Diseases http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bonemarrowdiseases.html Hodgkin's Disease http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/hodgkinsdisease.html Lymphoma http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/lymphoma.html

Within the health topic page dedicated to Hodgkin’s disease, the following was listed: •

General/Overviews Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma Society http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_page?item_id=7087 Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Source: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?id=DS00350 What Is Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/cri/content/cri_2_4_1x_what_is_non_hodgkins_l ymphoma_32.asp

•

Diagnosis/Symptoms Can Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Be Found Early? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_3X_Can_nonHodgkins_lymphoma_be_found_early_32.asp Gene Chips Accurately Diagnose Four Complex Childhood Cancers Source: National Human Genome Research Institute http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/may2001/nhgri-30.htm How Is Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Diagnosed? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/cri/content/cri_2_4_3x_how_is_nonhodgkins_lymphoma_diagnosed_32.asp Understanding Blood Counts Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma Society http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_mat_toc.adp?item_id=9452

•

Treatment Adult Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (PDQ): Treatment Source: National Cancer Institute http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/pdq/treatment/adult-non-hodgkins/patient/

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AIDS-Related Lymphoma (PDQ): Treatment Source: National Cancer Institute http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/pdq/treatment/AIDS-relatedlymphoma/patient/ Biological Therapies: Using the Immune System to Treat Cancer Source: National Cancer Institute http://cis.nci.nih.gov/fact/7_2.htm Blood and Marrow Stem Cell Transplantation Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma Society http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_mat_toc.adp?item_id=2443 Cord Blood FAQs Source: National Marrow Donor Program http://www.marrow.org/FAQS/cord_blood_faqs.html FDA Approves First Radiopharmaceutical Product to Treat Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Source: Food and Drug Administration http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ANSWERS/2002/ANS01138.html Long Term and Late Effects of Treatment for Blood-Related Cancers Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma Society http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_mat_toc.adp?item_id=9965 Mycosis Fungoides and the Sezary Syndrome (PDQ): Treatment Source: National Cancer Institute http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/pdq/treatment/mycosisfungoides/patient/ New Approaches to Treatment Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma Society http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_page?item_id=4702 Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma during Pregnancy (PDQ) Source: National Cancer Institute http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/pdq/treatment/non-hodgkins-duringpregnancy/patient/ Primary CNS Lymphoma (PDQ): Treatment Source: National Cancer Institute http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/pdq/treatment/primary-CNSlymphoma/patient/ Treatment of Extranodal Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_4X_Treatment_of_Extrano dal_Non-Hodgkins_Lymphoma_32.asp Treatment of Intermediate Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma -- Stages I and II Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_4X_Treatment_of_Interme diate_Grade_Non-Hodgkins_Lymphoma_--_Stages_I_and_II_32.asp?sitearea= Treatment of Intermediate Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma -- Stages III and IV and High Grade Lymphomas Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_4X_Treatment_of_Interme

222 Hodgkin’s Disease

diate_Grade_Non-Hodgkins_Lymphoma_-_Stages_III_and_IV_and_High_Grade_Lymphomas_32.asp?sitearea= Treatment of Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_4X_Treatment_of_Walden stroms_Macroglobulinemia_32.asp What if the Lymphoma Doesn't Respond or Comes Back After Treatment? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_4X_What_if_the_Lympho ma_Doesnt_Respond_or_Comes_Back_After_Treatment_32.asp •

Alternative Therapy Complementary & Alternative Therapies for Leukemia, Lymphoma, Hodgkin's Disease, & Myeloma Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma Society http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_mat_toc.adp?item_id=9882

•

Specific Conditions/Aspects Choosing a Treatment Facility Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma Society http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_mat_toc.adp?item_id=9877 Choosing and Communicating with a Cancer Specialist Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma Society http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_mat_toc.adp?item_id=9872 Mantle Cell Lymphoma Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma Society http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_mat_toc.adp?item_id=9651 Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia Source: National Cancer Institute http://cis.nci.nih.gov/fact/6_4.htm

•

Children Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) and Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (PBSCT) Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_4x_Bone_Marrow_Transp lantation_and_Peripheral_Blood_Stem_Cell_Transplantation_9.asp Childhood Cancer: Lymphoma Source: Nemours Foundation http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/cancer/cancer_lymphoma.html Childhood Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (PDQ): Treatment Source: National Cancer Institute http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/pdq/treatment/child-non-hodgkins/patient/

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How Is Childhood Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Diagnosed? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/cri/content/cri_2_4_3x_how_is_childhood_non_ hodgkins_lymphoma_diagnosed_9.asp How Is Childhood Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Staged Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/cri/content/cri_2_4_3x_how_is_childhood_non_ hodgkins_lymphoma_staged_9.asp How Is Childhood Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Treated? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/cri/content/cri_2_2_4x_how_is_childhood_nonhodgkins_lymphoma_treated_9.asp What Are the Key Statistics for Childhood Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_1x_What_are_the_key_sta tistics_for_childhood_non_Hodgkins_lymphoma_9.asp What Are the Risk Factors for Childhood Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/cri/content/cri_2_4_2x_what_are_the_risk_factor s_for_childhood_non_hodgkins_lymphoma_9.asp What's New in Childhood Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Research and Treatment? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_6x_Whats_new_in_childh ood_non_hodgkins_lymphoma_research_and_treatment_9.asp •

From the National Institutes of Health What You Need to Know about Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas Source: National Cancer Institute http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/wyntk/non-hodgkins-lymphoma

•

Journals/Newsletter Blood & Marrow Transplant Newsletter Source: BMT InfoNet http://www.bmtnews.org/newsletters/

•

Latest News Study Links Psoriasis to Lymphoma Cancers Source: 11/17/2003, Reuters Health http://www.nlm.nih.gov//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_14715 .html

•

Organizations American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/

224 Hodgkin’s Disease

Leukemia & Lymphoma Society http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/hm_lls Lymphoma Research Foundation http://www.lymphoma.org/ National Cancer Institute http://www.cancer.gov/ National Marrow Donor Program http://www.marrow.org/ •

Pictures/Diagrams Atlas of the Body: The Lymphatic System Source: American Medical Association http://www.medem.com/medlb/article_detaillb.cfm?article_ID=/ZZZG0S6CGJC &sub_cat=198

•

Prevention/Screening Can Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Be Prevented? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_2X_Can_nonHodgkins_lymphoma_be_prevented_32.asp What Are the Risk Factors for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_2X_What_are_the_risk_fa ctors_for_non-Hodgkins_lymphoma_32.asp

•

Research Gene Expression Profiles Predict Survival of Lymphoma Patients After Chemotherapy Source: National Cancer Institute http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/jun2002/nci-19.htm Researchers Identify Shift Towards More Treatable AIDS-Related Lymphomas Source: National Cancer Institute http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/jun2003/nci-10.htm What's New in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Research and Treatment? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_6X_Whats_new_in_nonHodgkins_lymphoma_research_and_treatment_32.asp

•

Statistics Cancer Facts & Figures-2002 Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/downloads/STT/CancerFacts&Figures2002TM.pdf Facts and Statistics Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma Society http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_page?item_id=12486

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What Are the Key Statistics about Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma? Source: American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_1X_What_are_the_key_sta tistics_for_non-Hodgkins_lymphoma_32.asp You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search. Healthfinder™ Healthfinder™ is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and offers links to hundreds of other sites that contain healthcare information. This Web site is located at http://www.healthfinder.gov. Again, keyword searches can be used to find guidelines. The following was recently found in this database: •

What You Need To Know About™ Hodgkin's Disease Summary: This booklet discusses symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of Hodgkin's Disease. It also has information about resources and sources of support for people with Hodgkin's disease. Source: Cancer Information Service, National Cancer Institute http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/recordpass.asp?RecordType=0&RecordID=7131 The NIH Search Utility

The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate in some way to Hodgkin’s disease. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html. Additional Web Sources A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=168&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

226 Hodgkin’s Disease

•

Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/

•

WebMD®Health: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics

Finding Associations There are several Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to Hodgkin’s disease. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with Hodgkin’s disease. The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about Hodgkin’s disease. For more information, see the NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797. Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines. The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine. To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/. Simply type in “Hodgkin’s disease” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database. Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information. The Combined Health Information Database Another comprehensive source of information on healthcare associations is the Combined Health Information Database. Using the “Detailed Search” option, you will need to limit your search to “Organizations” and “Hodgkin’s disease”. Type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For

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publication date, select “All Years.” Then, select your preferred language and the format option “Organization Resource Sheet.” Type “Hodgkin’s disease” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database since it is updated every three months. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “Hodgkin’s disease” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”

229

APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.

Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.21

Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.

Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities that are open to the public. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of

21

Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.

230 Hodgkin’s Disease

libraries recommended by the National Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)22: •

Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/

•

Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)

•

Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm

•

California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html

•

California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html

•

California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html

•

California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)

•

California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/

•

California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp

•

California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html

•

California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/

•

California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/

•

California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/

•

California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html

•

California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/

•

Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/

•

Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/

•

Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/

22

Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.

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•

Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml

•

Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm

•

Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html

•

Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm

•

Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp

•

Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/

•

Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm

•

Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html

•

Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/

•

Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm

•

Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/

•

Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/

•

Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/

•

Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm

•

Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html

•

Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm

•

Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/

•

Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/

•

Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10

•

Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/

232 Hodgkin’s Disease

•

Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html

•

Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp

•

Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp

•

Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/

•

Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html

•

Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm

•

Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp

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Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/

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Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html

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Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/

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Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm

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Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/

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Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html

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Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm

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Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330

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Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)

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National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html

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National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/

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National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/

Finding Medical Libraries

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Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm

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New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/

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New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm

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New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm

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New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/

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New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html

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New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/

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New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html

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New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/

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Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm

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Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp

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Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/

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Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/

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Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml

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Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html

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Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html

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Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml

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Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp

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Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm

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Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/

234 Hodgkin’s Disease

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South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp

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Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/

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Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/

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Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72

235

ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: •

ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html

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MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp

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Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/

•

Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html

•

On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/

•

Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp

•

Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm

Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a). The NIH suggests the following Web sites in the ADAM Medical Encyclopedia when searching for information on Hodgkin’s disease: •

Basic Guidelines for Hodgkin’s Disease Hodgkin's lymphoma Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000580.htm

•

Signs & Symptoms for Hodgkin’s Disease Anemia Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000560.htm Clubbing of the fingers or toes Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003282.htm Diarrhea Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003126.htm Fatigue Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003088.htm

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Fever Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003090.htm Flank pain Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003113.htm Glands, swollen Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003097.htm Hair loss Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003246.htm Itching Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003217.htm Leukemia Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001299.htm Loss of appetite Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003121.htm Nausea Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003117.htm Neck pain Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003025.htm Skin blushing/flushing Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003241.htm Splenomegaly Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003276.htm Stress Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003211.htm Sweating, excessive Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003218.htm Vomiting Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003117.htm Weight loss Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003107.htm •

Diagnostics and Tests for Hodgkin’s Disease Abdominal ultrasound Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003777.htm ACE levels Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003567.htm

Online Glossaries 237

Albumin Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003480.htm ALT Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003473.htm Biopsy Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003416.htm Blood chemistry tests Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003468.htm Blood differential Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003657.htm Bone marrow aspiration Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003658.htm Bone marrow biopsy Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003934.htm BUN Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003474.htm CBC Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003642.htm Chest X-ray Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003804.htm Creatinine Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003475.htm Cryoglobulins Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003555.htm CT Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003330.htm CT scans of the chest, abdomen Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003789.htm Cytology exam of pleural fluid Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003866.htm Differential Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003657.htm ESR Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003638.htm

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Ferritin Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003490.htm Gallium (Ga.) scan Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003450.htm Granulocyte Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003440.htm LDH Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003471.htm Liver function tests Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003436.htm Lymph node biopsy Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003933.htm Mediastinoscopy with biopsy Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003864.htm Peritoneal fluid analysis Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003626.htm Small bowel biopsy Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003889.htm T(thymus derived) lymphocyte count Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003516.htm Ultrasound Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003336.htm Uric acid Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003476.htm X-ray Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003337.htm •

Nutrition for Hodgkin’s Disease Carbohydrates Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002469.htm Protein in diet Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002467.htm

•

Surgery and Procedures for Hodgkin’s Disease Bone marrow transplant Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003009.htm

Online Glossaries 239

Laparotomy Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002928.htm Splenectomy Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002944.htm •

Background Topics for Hodgkin’s Disease Acute Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002215.htm Bleeding Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000045.htm Cancer - support group Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002166.htm Chemotherapy Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002324.htm Incidence Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002387.htm Malignancy Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002253.htm Physical examination Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002274.htm Radiation therapy Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001918.htm Support group Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002150.htm

Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: •

Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical

•

MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html

•

Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/

•

Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine

241

HODGKIN’S DISEASE DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. Abdomen: That portion of the body that lies between the thorax and the pelvis. [NIH] Abdominal: Having to do with the abdomen, which is the part of the body between the chest and the hips that contains the pancreas, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and other organs. [NIH] Abdominal Pain: Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region. [NIH] Absolute risk: The observed or calculated probability of an event in a population under study, as contrasted with the relative risk. [NIH] Acceptor: A substance which, while normally not oxidized by oxygen or reduced by hydrogen, can be oxidized or reduced in presence of a substance which is itself undergoing oxidation or reduction. [NIH] Acute leukemia: A rapidly progressing cancer of the blood-forming tissue (bone marrow). [NIH]

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: ALL. A quickly progressing disease in which too many immature white blood cells called lymphoblasts are found in the blood and bone marrow. Also called acute lymphocytic leukemia. [NIH] Acute lymphocytic leukemia: ALL. A quickly progressing disease in which too many immature white blood cells called lymphoblasts are found in the blood and bone marrow. Also called acute lymphoblastic leukemia. [NIH] Acute myelogenous leukemia: AML. A quickly progressing disease in which too many immature blood-forming cells are found in the blood and bone marrow. Also called acute myeloid leukemia or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. [NIH] Acute myeloid leukemia: AML. A quickly progressing disease in which too many immature blood-forming cells are found in the blood and bone marrow. Also called acute myelogenous leukemia or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. [NIH] Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: A quickly progressing disease in which too many immature blood-forming cells are found in the blood and bone marrow. Also called acute myeloid leukemia or acute myelogenous leukemia. [NIH] Adaptability: Ability to develop some form of tolerance to conditions extremely different from those under which a living organism evolved. [NIH] Adaptation: 1. The adjustment of an organism to its environment, or the process by which it enhances such fitness. 2. The normal ability of the eye to adjust itself to variations in the intensity of light; the adjustment to such variations. 3. The decline in the frequency of firing of a neuron, particularly of a receptor, under conditions of constant stimulation. 4. In dentistry, (a) the proper fitting of a denture, (b) the degree of proximity and interlocking of restorative material to a tooth preparation, (c) the exact adjustment of bands to teeth. 5. In microbiology, the adjustment of bacterial physiology to a new environment. [EU] Adenocarcinoma: A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. [NIH] Adenopathy: Large or swollen lymph glands. [NIH] Adenosine: A nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA

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and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter. [NIH] Adenosine Deaminase: An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of adenosine to inosine with the elimination of ammonia. Since there are wide tissue and species variations in the enzyme, it has been used as a tool in the study of human and animal genetics and in medical diagnosis. EC 3.5.4.4. [NIH] Adenovirus: A group of viruses that cause respiratory tract and eye infections. Adenoviruses used in gene therapy are altered to carry a specific tumor-fighting gene. [NIH] Adjustment: The dynamic process wherein the thoughts, feelings, behavior, and biophysiological mechanisms of the individual continually change to adjust to the environment. [NIH] Adjuvant: A substance which aids another, such as an auxiliary remedy; in immunology, nonspecific stimulator (e.g., BCG vaccine) of the immune response. [EU] Adjuvant Therapy: Treatment given after the primary treatment to increase the chances of a cure. Adjuvant therapy may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or hormone therapy. [NIH]

Adolescence: The period of life beginning with the appearance of secondary sex characteristics and terminating with the cessation of somatic growth. The years usually referred to as adolescence lie between 13 and 18 years of age. [NIH] Adoptive Transfer: Form of passive immunization where previously sensitized immunologic agents (cells or serum) are transferred to non-immune recipients. When transfer of cells is used as a therapy for the treatment of neoplasms, it is called adoptive immunotherapy (immunotherapy, adoptive). [NIH] Adrenal Glands: Paired glands situated in the retroperitoneal tissues at the superior pole of each kidney. [NIH] Adverse Effect: An unwanted side effect of treatment. [NIH] Affinity: 1. Inherent likeness or relationship. 2. A special attraction for a specific element, organ, or structure. 3. Chemical affinity; the force that binds atoms in molecules; the tendency of substances to combine by chemical reaction. 4. The strength of noncovalent chemical binding between two substances as measured by the dissociation constant of the complex. 5. In immunology, a thermodynamic expression of the strength of interaction between a single antigen-binding site and a single antigenic determinant (and thus of the stereochemical compatibility between them), most accurately applied to interactions among simple, uniform antigenic determinants such as haptens. Expressed as the association constant (K litres mole -1), which, owing to the heterogeneity of affinities in a population of antibody molecules of a given specificity, actually represents an average value (mean intrinsic association constant). 6. The reciprocal of the dissociation constant. [EU] Affinity Chromatography: In affinity chromatography, a ligand attached to a column binds specifically to the molecule to be purified. [NIH] Age-Adjusted: Summary measures of rates of morbidity or mortality in a population using statistical procedures to remove the effect of age differences in populations that are being compared. Age is probably the most important and the most common variable in determining the risk of morbidity and mortality. [NIH] Agonist: In anatomy, a prime mover. In pharmacology, a drug that has affinity for and stimulates physiologic activity at cell receptors normally stimulated by naturally occurring substances. [EU] Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism,

Dictionary 243

increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and the central nervous system. [NIH] Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. [NIH] Alkylating Agents: Highly reactive chemicals that introduce alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevent their proper functioning. Many are used as antineoplastic agents, but most are very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. They have also been used as components in poison gases. [NIH]

Alleles: Mutually exclusive forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous chromosomes, and governing the same biochemical and developmental process. [NIH] Allium: A genus of liliaceous herbs containing onions (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum), and others; many produce pungent, often bacteriostatic and physiologically active compounds and are used as food, condiment, and medicament, the latter in traditional medicine. [NIH] Allogeneic: Taken from different individuals of the same species. [NIH] Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: A procedure in which a person receives stem cells, the cells from which all blood cells develop, from a compatible, though not genetically identical, donor. [NIH] Alopecia: Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present. [NIH] Alpha Particles: Positively charged particles composed of two protons and two neutrons, i.e., helium nuclei, emitted during disintegration of very heavy isotopes; a beam of alpha particles or an alpha ray has very strong ionizing power, but weak penetrability. [NIH] Alternative medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used instead of standard treatments. Alternative medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Alveolar Bone Loss: The resorption of bone in the supporting structures of the maxilla or mandible as a result of periodontal disease. [NIH] Alveolar Process: The thickest and spongiest part of the maxilla and mandible hollowed out into deep cavities for the teeth. [NIH] Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining protein conformation. [NIH] Amino Acids: Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. [NIH] Amino Acids: Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. [NIH] Amplification: The production of additional copies of a chromosomal DNA sequence, found as either intrachromosomal or extrachromosomal DNA. [NIH] Anaemia: A reduction below normal in the number of erythrocytes per cu. mm., in the quantity of haemoglobin, or in the volume of packed red cells per 100 ml. of blood which occurs when the equilibrium between blood loss (through bleeding or destruction) and

244 Hodgkin’s Disease

blood production is disturbed. [EU] Anaesthesia: Loss of feeling or sensation. Although the term is used for loss of tactile sensibility, or of any of the other senses, it is applied especially to loss of the sensation of pain, as it is induced to permit performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [EU] Anal: Having to do with the anus, which is the posterior opening of the large bowel. [NIH] Analog: In chemistry, a substance that is similar, but not identical, to another. [NIH] Analogous: Resembling or similar in some respects, as in function or appearance, but not in origin or development;. [EU] Anaphylatoxins: The family of peptides C3a, C4a, C5a, and C5a des-arginine produced in the serum during complement activation. They produce smooth muscle contraction, mast cell histamine release, affect platelet aggregation, and act as mediators of the local inflammatory process. The order of anaphylatoxin activity from strongest to weakest is C5a, C3a, C4a, and C5a des-arginine. The latter is the so-called "classical" anaphylatoxin but shows no spasmogenic activity though it contains some chemotactic ability. [NIH] Anaplastic: A term used to describe cancer cells that divide rapidly and bear little or no resemblance to normal cells. [NIH] Anaplastic large cell lymphoma: A rare agressive form of lymphoma (cancer that begins in cells of the lymphatic system) that is usually of T-cell origin. [NIH] Anatomical: Pertaining to anatomy, or to the structure of the organism. [EU] Anemia: A reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes or in the quantity of hemoglobin. [NIH] Anergy: Absence of immune response to particular substances. [NIH] Aneuploidy: The chromosomal constitution of cells which deviate from the normal by the addition or subtraction of chromosomes or chromosome pairs. In a normally diploid cell the loss of a chromosome pair is termed nullisomy (symbol: 2N-2), the loss of a single chromosome is monosomy (symbol: 2N-1), the addition of a chromosome pair is tetrasomy (symbol: 2N+2), the addition of a single chromosome is trisomy (symbol: 2N+1). [NIH] Angiogenesis: Blood vessel formation. Tumor angiogenesis is the growth of blood vessels from surrounding tissue to a solid tumor. This is caused by the release of chemicals by the tumor. [NIH] Animal model: An animal with a disease either the same as or like a disease in humans. Animal models are used to study the development and progression of diseases and to test new treatments before they are given to humans. Animals with transplanted human cancers or other tissues are called xenograft models. [NIH] Annealing: The spontaneous alignment of two single DNA strands to form a double helix. [NIH]

Anogenital: Pertaining to the anus and external genitals. [EU] Anthracycline: A member of a family of anticancer drugs that are also antibiotics. [NIH] Antiallergic: Counteracting allergy or allergic conditions. [EU] Antibacterial: A substance that destroys bacteria or suppresses their growth or reproduction. [EU] Antibiotic: A drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. [NIH]

Antibodies: Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the antigen that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially plasma cells), or with an antigen closely related to it. [NIH]

Dictionary 245

Antibody: A type of protein made by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody can bind to only a specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen. Antibodies can work in several ways, depending on the nature of the antigen. Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others make it easier for white blood cells to destroy the antigen. [NIH] Antibody therapy: Treatment with an antibody, a substance that can directly kill specific tumor cells or stimulate the immune system to kill tumor cells. [NIH] Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity: The phenomenon of antibody-mediated target cell destruction by non-sensitized effector cells. The identity of the target cell varies, but it must possess surface IgG whose Fc portion is intact. The effector cell is a "killer" cell possessing Fc receptors. It may be a lymphocyte lacking conventional B- or T-cell markers, or a monocyte, macrophage, or polynuclear leukocyte, depending on the identity of the target cell. The reaction is complement-independent. [NIH] Anticoagulant: A drug that helps prevent blood clots from forming. Also called a blood thinner. [NIH] Antigen: Any substance which is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, that is, with specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Antigens may be soluble substances, such as toxins and foreign proteins, or particulate, such as bacteria and tissue cells; however, only the portion of the protein or polysaccharide molecule known as the antigenic determinant (q.v.) combines with antibody or a specific receptor on a lymphocyte. Abbreviated Ag. [EU] Antigen-Antibody Complex: The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes immune complex diseases. [NIH] Antigen-presenting cell: APC. A cell that shows antigen on its surface to other cells of the immune system. This is an important part of an immune response. [NIH] Anti-inflammatory: Having to do with reducing inflammation. [NIH] Antilymphocyte Serum: Serum containing gamma-globulins which are antibodies for lymphocyte antigens. It is used both as a test for histocompatibility and therapeutically in transplantation. [NIH] Antimetabolite: A chemical that is very similar to one required in a normal biochemical reaction in cells. Antimetabolites can stop or slow down the reaction. [NIH] Antineoplastic: Inhibiting or preventing the development of neoplasms, checking the maturation and proliferation of malignant cells. [EU] Antineoplastic Agents: Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of neoplasms. [NIH]

Antiplasmin: A member of the serpin superfamily found in human plasma that inhibits the lysis of fibrin clots which are induced by plasminogen activator. It is a glycoprotein, molecular weight approximately 70,000 that migrates in the alpha 2 region in immunoelectrophoresis. It is the principal plasmin inactivator in blood, rapidly forming a very stable complex with plasmin. [NIH] Antipruritic: Relieving or preventing itching. [EU] Antiviral: Destroying viruses or suppressing their replication. [EU] Anus: The opening of the rectum to the outside of the body. [NIH] Aorta: The main trunk of the systemic arteries. [NIH]

246 Hodgkin’s Disease

Aplastic anemia: A condition in which the bone marrow is unable to produce blood cells. [NIH]

Apoptosis: One of the two mechanisms by which cell death occurs (the other being the pathological process of necrosis). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA (DNA fragmentation) at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. [NIH] Applicability: A list of the commodities to which the candidate method can be applied as presented or with minor modifications. [NIH] Approximate: Approximal [EU] Aqueous: Having to do with water. [NIH] Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form. [NIH] Arginine butyrate: A substance that is being studied as a treatment for cancer. [NIH] Arterial: Pertaining to an artery or to the arteries. [EU] Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. [NIH] Asbestos: Fibrous incombustible mineral composed of magnesium and calcium silicates with or without other elements. It is relatively inert chemically and used in thermal insulation and fireproofing. Inhalation of dust causes asbestosis and later lung and gastrointestinal neoplasms. [NIH] Asparaginase: A hydrolase enzyme that converts L-asparagine and water to L-aspartate and NH3. EC 3.5.1.1. [NIH] Aspartate: A synthetic amino acid. [NIH] Aspergillosis: Infections with fungi of the genus Aspergillus. [NIH] Aspiration: The act of inhaling. [NIH] Assay: Determination of the amount of a particular constituent of a mixture, or of the biological or pharmacological potency of a drug. [EU] Astrocytes: The largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from "star" cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with "end feet" which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the blood brain barrier. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and "reactive astrocytes" (along with microglia) respond to injury. Astrocytes have high- affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitter, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is not well understood. [NIH] Astrocytoma: A tumor that begins in the brain or spinal cord in small, star-shaped cells called astrocytes. [NIH] Asymptomatic: Having no signs or symptoms of disease. [NIH] Atrial: Pertaining to an atrium. [EU] Attenuated: Strain with weakened or reduced virulence. [NIH] Atypical: Irregular; not conformable to the type; in microbiology, applied specifically to strains of unusual type. [EU] Autoantibodies: Antibodies that react with self-antigens (autoantigens) of the organism that

Dictionary 247

produced them. [NIH] Autoantigens: Endogenous tissue constituents that have the ability to interact with autoantibodies and cause an immune response. [NIH] Autoimmune disease: A condition in which the body recognizes its own tissues as foreign and directs an immune response against them. [NIH] Autologous: Taken from an individual's own tissues, cells, or DNA. [NIH] Autologous bone marrow transplantation: A procedure in which bone marrow is removed from a person, stored, and then given back to the person after intensive treatment. [NIH] Autosuggestion: Suggestion coming from the subject himself. [NIH] Bacteria: Unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. [NIH] Bacterial Physiology: Physiological processes and activities of bacteria. [NIH] Bacteriophage: A virus whose host is a bacterial cell; A virus that exclusively infects bacteria. It generally has a protein coat surrounding the genome (DNA or RNA). One of the coliphages most extensively studied is the lambda phage, which is also one of the most important. [NIH] Bacteriostatic: 1. Inhibiting the growth or multiplication of bacteria. 2. An agent that inhibits the growth or multiplication of bacteria. [EU] Basal cell carcinoma: A type of skin cancer that arises from the basal cells, small round cells found in the lower part (or base) of the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin. [NIH] Basal cells: Small, round cells found in the lower part (or base) of the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin. [NIH] Basal Ganglia: Large subcortical nuclear masses derived from the telencephalon and located in the basal regions of the cerebral hemispheres. [NIH] Base: In chemistry, the nonacid part of a salt; a substance that combines with acids to form salts; a substance that dissociates to give hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; a substance whose molecule or ion can combine with a proton (hydrogen ion); a substance capable of donating a pair of electrons (to an acid) for the formation of a coordinate covalent bond. [EU] Benign: Not cancerous; does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. [NIH]

Bile: An emulsifying agent produced in the liver and secreted into the duodenum. Its composition includes bile acids and salts, cholesterol, and electrolytes. It aids digestion of fats in the duodenum. [NIH] Bile Acids: Acids made by the liver that work with bile to break down fats. [NIH] Bile Acids and Salts: Steroid acids and salts. The primary bile acids are derived from cholesterol in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. The secondary bile acids are further modified by bacteria in the intestine. They play an important role in the digestion and absorption of fat. They have also been used pharmacologically, especially in the treatment of gallstones. [NIH] Binding Sites: The reactive parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule. [NIH] Biochemical: Relating to biochemistry; characterized by, produced by, or involving chemical reactions in living organisms. [EU] Biological response modifier: BRM. A substance that stimulates the body's response to

248 Hodgkin’s Disease

infection and disease. [NIH] Biological therapy: Treatment to stimulate or restore the ability of the immune system to fight infection and disease. Also used to lessen side effects that may be caused by some cancer treatments. Also known as immunotherapy, biotherapy, or biological response modifier (BRM) therapy. [NIH] Biomarkers: Substances sometimes found in an increased amount in the blood, other body fluids, or tissues and that may suggest the presence of some types of cancer. Biomarkers include CA 125 (ovarian cancer), CA 15-3 (breast cancer), CEA (ovarian, lung, breast, pancreas, and GI tract cancers), and PSA (prostate cancer). Also called tumor markers. [NIH] Biopsy: Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body. [NIH] Biotechnology: Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., genetic engineering) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include transfection and cloning technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction. [NIH] Biotransformation: The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alteration may be either nonsynthetic (oxidation-reduction, hydrolysis) or synthetic (glucuronide formation, sulfate conjugation, acetylation, methylation). This also includes metabolic detoxication and clearance. [NIH] Bladder: The organ that stores urine. [NIH] Bleomycin: A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors. [NIH] Blood Platelets: Non-nucleated disk-shaped cells formed in the megakaryocyte and found in the blood of all mammals. They are mainly involved in blood coagulation. [NIH] Blood pressure: The pressure of blood against the walls of a blood vessel or heart chamber. Unless there is reference to another location, such as the pulmonary artery or one of the heart chambers, it refers to the pressure in the systemic arteries, as measured, for example, in the forearm. [NIH] Blood vessel: A tube in the body through which blood circulates. Blood vessels include a network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. [NIH] Blushing: Involuntary reddening, especially of the face, associated with feelings of embarrassment, confusion, or shame. [NIH] Body Fluids: Liquid components of living organisms. [NIH] Bolus: A single dose of drug usually injected into a blood vessel over a short period of time. Also called bolus infusion. [NIH] Bolus infusion: A single dose of drug usually injected into a blood vessel over a short period of time. Also called bolus. [NIH] Bone Marrow: The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled

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with marrow cells. [NIH] Bone marrow aspiration: The removal of a small sample of bone marrow (usually from the hip) through a needle for examination under a microscope. [NIH] Bone Marrow Cells: Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells, stromal cells, megakaryocytes, and the immediate precursors of most blood cells. [NIH] Bone Marrow Transplantation: The transference of bone marrow from one human or animal to another. [NIH] Bone scan: A technique to create images of bones on a computer screen or on film. A small amount of radioactive material is injected into a blood vessel and travels through the bloodstream; it collects in the bones and is detected by a scanner. [NIH] Bowel: The long tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. There is both a small and a large bowel. Also called the intestine. [NIH] Bowel Movement: Body wastes passed through the rectum and anus. [NIH] Brachytherapy: A collective term for interstitial, intracavity, and surface radiotherapy. It uses small sealed or partly-sealed sources that may be placed on or near the body surface or within a natural body cavity or implanted directly into the tissues. [NIH] Brain Stem: The part of the brain that connects the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord. It consists of the mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata. [NIH] Brain stem tumor: A tumor in the part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord (the brain stem). [NIH] Branch: Most commonly used for branches of nerves, but applied also to other structures. [NIH]

Busulfan: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents. [NIH]

Cachexia: General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease. [NIH] Calcium: A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. [NIH] Capsid: The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid. [NIH]

Carbohydrate: An aldehyde or ketone derivative of a polyhydric alcohol, particularly of the pentahydric and hexahydric alcohols. They are so named because the hydrogen and oxygen are usually in the proportion to form water, (CH2O)n. The most important carbohydrates are the starches, sugars, celluloses, and gums. They are classified into mono-, di-, tri-, polyand heterosaccharides. [EU] Carboplatin: An organoplatinum compound that possesses antineoplastic activity. [NIH] Carcinogen: Any substance that causes cancer. [NIH] Carcinogenic: Producing carcinoma. [EU] Carcinoma: Cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. [NIH]

Cardiac: Having to do with the heart. [NIH] Cardiotoxicity: Toxicity that affects the heart. [NIH]

250 Hodgkin’s Disease

Carmustine: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents. [NIH]

Carrier State: The condition of harboring an infective organism without manifesting symptoms of infection. The organism must be readily transmissable to another susceptible host. [NIH] Case report: A detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports also contain some demographic information about the patient (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin). [NIH] Case series: A group or series of case reports involving patients who were given similar treatment. Reports of case series usually contain detailed information about the individual patients. This includes demographic information (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin) and information on diagnosis, treatment, response to treatment, and follow-up after treatment. [NIH] Caspase: Enzyme released by the cell at a crucial stage in apoptosis in order to shred all cellular proteins. [NIH] Castor Oil: Oil obtained from seeds of Ricinus communis that is used as a cathartic and as a plasticizer. [NIH] Causal: Pertaining to a cause; directed against a cause. [EU] Cause of Death: Factors which produce cessation of all vital bodily functions. They can be analyzed from an epidemiologic viewpoint. [NIH] Cell: The individual unit that makes up all of the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. [NIH] Cell Count: A count of the number of cells of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume of sample. [NIH] Cell Cycle: The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one cell division and the end of the next, by which cellular material is divided between daughter cells. [NIH] Cell Death: The termination of the cell's ability to carry out vital functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, responsiveness, and adaptability. [NIH] Cell Differentiation: Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function which takes place during the development of the embryo and leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. [NIH] Cell Division: The fission of a cell. [NIH] Cell membrane: Cell membrane = plasma membrane. The structure enveloping a cell, enclosing the cytoplasm, and forming a selective permeability barrier; it consists of lipids, proteins, and some carbohydrates, the lipids thought to form a bilayer in which integral proteins are embedded to varying degrees. [EU] Cell proliferation: An increase in the number of cells as a result of cell growth and cell division. [NIH] Cell Size: The physical dimensions of a cell. It refers mainly to changes in dimensions correlated with physiological or pathological changes in cells. [NIH] Cell Survival: The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability. [NIH] Cell Transplantation: Transference of cells within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species. [NIH]

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Cellulitis: An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions. [NIH] Central Nervous System: The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. [NIH] Cerebellar: Pertaining to the cerebellum. [EU] Cerebellum: Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement. [NIH] Cerebral: Of or pertaining of the cerebrum or the brain. [EU] Cerebral hemispheres: The two halves of the cerebrum, the part of the brain that controls muscle functions of the body and also controls speech, emotions, reading, writing, and learning. The right hemisphere controls muscle movement on the left side of the body, and the left hemisphere controls muscle movement on the right side of the body. [NIH] Cerebrospinal: Pertaining to the brain and spinal cord. [EU] Cerebrospinal fluid: CSF. The fluid flowing around the brain and spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the ventricles in the brain. [NIH] Cervical: Relating to the neck, or to the neck of any organ or structure. Cervical lymph nodes are located in the neck; cervical cancer refers to cancer of the uterine cervix, which is the lower, narrow end (the "neck") of the uterus. [NIH] Cervix: The lower, narrow end of the uterus that forms a canal between the uterus and vagina. [NIH] Chemokines: Class of pro-inflammatory cytokines that have the ability to attract and activate leukocytes. They can be divided into at least three structural branches: C (chemokines, C), CC (chemokines, CC), and CXC (chemokines, CXC), according to variations in a shared cysteine motif. [NIH] Chemotactic Factors: Chemical substances that attract or repel cells or organisms. The concept denotes especially those factors released as a result of tissue injury, invasion, or immunologic activity, that attract leukocytes, macrophages, or other cells to the site of infection or insult. [NIH] Chemotherapy: Treatment with anticancer drugs. [NIH] Chlorambucil: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents. [NIH] Cholesterol: The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. [NIH] Chromatin: The material of chromosomes. It is a complex of DNA, histones, and nonhistone proteins (chromosomal proteins, non-histone) found within the nucleus of a cell. [NIH] Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. [NIH] Chromosomal: Pertaining to chromosomes. [EU] Chromosome: Part of a cell that contains genetic information. Except for sperm and eggs, all human cells contain 46 chromosomes. [NIH] Chromosome Aberrations: Deviations from the normal number or structure of chromosomes, not necessarily associated with disease. [NIH]

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Chromosome Painting: A technique for visualizing chromosome aberrations using fluorescently labeled DNA probes which are hybridized to chromosomal DNA. Multiple fluorochromes may be attached to the probes. Upon hybridization, this produces a multicolored, or painted, effect with a unique color at each site of hybridization. This technique may also be used to identify cross-species homology by labeling probes from one species for hybridization with chromosomes from another species. [NIH] Chronic: A disease or condition that persists or progresses over a long period of time. [NIH] Chronic Disease: Disease or ailment of long duration. [NIH] Chronic granulocytic leukemia: A slowly progressing disease in which too many white blood cells are made in the bone marrow. Also called chronic myelogenous leukemia or chronic myeloid leukemia. [NIH] Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A slowly progressing disease in which too many white blood cells (called lymphocytes) are found in the body. [NIH] Chronic myelogenous leukemia: CML. A slowly progressing disease in which too many white blood cells are made in the bone marrow. Also called chronic myeloid leukemia or chronic granulocytic leukemia. [NIH] CIS: Cancer Information Service. The CIS is the National Cancer Institute's link to the public, interpreting and explaining research findings in a clear and understandable manner, and providing personalized responses to specific questions about cancer. Access the CIS by calling 1-800-4-CANCER, or by using the Web site at http://cis.nci.nih.gov. [NIH] Cisplatin: An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. [NIH] Clear cell carcinoma: A rare type of tumor of the female genital tract in which the inside of the cells looks clear when viewed under a microscope. [NIH] Clinical Protocols: Precise and detailed plans for the study of a medical or biomedical problem and/or plans for a regimen of therapy. [NIH] Clinical study: A research study in which patients receive treatment in a clinic or other medical facility. Reports of clinical studies can contain results for single patients (case reports) or many patients (case series or clinical trials). [NIH] Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH] Cloning: The production of a number of genetically identical individuals; in genetic engineering, a process for the efficient replication of a great number of identical DNA molecules. [NIH] Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis. [NIH] Codon: A set of three nucleotides in a protein coding sequence that specifies individual amino acids or a termination signal (codon, terminator). Most codons are universal, but some organisms do not produce the transfer RNAs (RNA, transfer) complementary to all codons. These codons are referred to as unassigned codons (codons, nonsense). [NIH] Cofactor: A substance, microorganism or environmental factor that activates or enhances the action of another entity such as a disease-causing agent. [NIH]

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Colchicine: A major alkaloid from Colchicum autumnale L. and found also in other Colchicum species. Its primary therapeutic use is in the treatment of gout, but it has been used also in the therapy of familial Mediterranean fever (periodic disease). [NIH] Colitis: Inflammation of the colon. [NIH] Collagen: A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of skin, connective tissue, and the organic substance of bones and teeth. Different forms of collagen are produced in the body but all consist of three alpha-polypeptide chains arranged in a triple helix. Collagen is differentiated from other fibrous proteins, such as elastin, by the content of proline, hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysine; by the absence of tryptophan; and particularly by the high content of polar groups which are responsible for its swelling properties. [NIH] Colony-Stimulating Factors: Glycoproteins found in a subfraction of normal mammalian plasma and urine. They stimulate the proliferation of bone marrow cells in agar cultures and the formation of colonies of granulocytes and/or macrophages. The factors include interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage colonystimulating factor (M-CSF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF). [NIH] Colorectal: Having to do with the colon or the rectum. [NIH] Colorectal Cancer: Cancer that occurs in the colon (large intestine) or the rectum (the end of the large intestine). A number of digestive diseases may increase a person's risk of colorectal cancer, including polyposis and Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome. [NIH] Combination chemotherapy: Treatment using more than one anticancer drug. [NIH] Combination Therapy: Association of 3 drugs to treat AIDS (AZT + DDC or DDI + protease inhibitor). [NIH] Combined Modality Therapy: The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, radioimmunotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and salvage therapy are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used. [NIH] Communis: Common tendon of the rectus group of muscles that surrounds the optic foramen and a portion of the superior orbital fissure, to the anterior margin of which it is attached at the spina recti lateralis. [NIH] Complement: A term originally used to refer to the heat-labile factor in serum that causes immune cytolysis, the lysis of antibody-coated cells, and now referring to the entire functionally related system comprising at least 20 distinct serum proteins that is the effector not only of immune cytolysis but also of other biologic functions. Complement activation occurs by two different sequences, the classic and alternative pathways. The proteins of the classic pathway are termed 'components of complement' and are designated by the symbols C1 through C9. C1 is a calcium-dependent complex of three distinct proteins C1q, C1r and C1s. The proteins of the alternative pathway (collectively referred to as the properdin system) and complement regulatory proteins are known by semisystematic or trivial names. Fragments resulting from proteolytic cleavage of complement proteins are designated with lower-case letter suffixes, e.g., C3a. Inactivated fragments may be designated with the suffix 'i', e.g. C3bi. Activated components or complexes with biological activity are designated by a bar over the symbol e.g. C1 or C4b,2a. The classic pathway is activated by the binding of C1 to classic pathway activators, primarily antigen-antibody complexes containing IgM, IgG1, IgG3; C1q binds to a single IgM molecule or two adjacent IgG molecules. The alternative pathway can be activated by IgA immune complexes and also by nonimmunologic materials including bacterial endotoxins, microbial polysaccharides, and cell walls. Activation of the

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classic pathway triggers an enzymatic cascade involving C1, C4, C2 and C3; activation of the alternative pathway triggers a cascade involving C3 and factors B, D and P. Both result in the cleavage of C5 and the formation of the membrane attack complex. Complement activation also results in the formation of many biologically active complement fragments that act as anaphylatoxins, opsonins, or chemotactic factors. [EU] Complementary and alternative medicine: CAM. Forms of treatment that are used in addition to (complementary) or instead of (alternative) standard treatments. These practices are not considered standard medical approaches. CAM includes dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, herbal preparations, special teas, massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Complementary medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used to enhance or complement the standard treatments. Complementary medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Complete remission: The disappearance of all signs of cancer. Also called a complete response. [NIH] Complete response: The disappearance of all signs of cancer in response to treatment. This does not always mean the cancer has been cured. [NIH] Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH] Computed tomography: CT scan. A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called computerized tomography and computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan. [NIH] Computerized axial tomography: A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called CAT scan, computed tomography (CT scan), or computerized tomography. [NIH] Computerized tomography: A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan and computed tomography (CT scan). [NIH] Conception: The onset of pregnancy, marked by implantation of the blastocyst; the formation of a viable zygote. [EU] Concomitant: Accompanying; accessory; joined with another. [EU] Confusion: A mental state characterized by bewilderment, emotional disturbance, lack of clear thinking, and perceptual disorientation. [NIH] Conjugated: Acting or operating as if joined; simultaneous. [EU] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Consolidation: The healing process of a bone fracture. [NIH]

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Contamination: The soiling or pollution by inferior material, as by the introduction of organisms into a wound, or sewage into a stream. [EU] Continuous infusion: The administration of a fluid into a blood vessel, usually over a prolonged period of time. [NIH] Continuum: An area over which the vegetation or animal population is of constantly changing composition so that homogeneous, separate communities cannot be distinguished. [NIH]

Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Control group: In a clinical trial, the group that does not receive the new treatment being studied. This group is compared to the group that receives the new treatment, to see if the new treatment works. [NIH] Conventional therapy: A currently accepted and widely used treatment for a certain type of disease, based on the results of past research. Also called conventional treatment. [NIH] Conventional treatment: A currently accepted and widely used treatment for a certain type of disease, based on the results of past research. Also called conventional therapy. [NIH] Cooperative group: A group of physicians, hospitals, or both formed to treat a large number of persons in the same way so that new treatment can be evaluated quickly. Clinical trials of new cancer treatments often require many more people than a single physician or hospital can care for. [NIH] Coordination: Muscular or motor regulation or the harmonious cooperation of muscles or groups of muscles, in a complex action or series of actions. [NIH] Cornea: The transparent part of the eye that covers the iris and the pupil and allows light to enter the inside. [NIH] Coronary: Encircling in the manner of a crown; a term applied to vessels; nerves, ligaments, etc. The term usually denotes the arteries that supply the heart muscle and, by extension, a pathologic involvement of them. [EU] Coronary Thrombosis: Presence of a thrombus in a coronary artery, often causing a myocardial infarction. [NIH] Corticosteroid: Any of the steroids elaborated by the adrenal cortex (excluding the sex hormones of adrenal origin) in response to the release of corticotrophin (adrenocorticotropic hormone) by the pituitary gland, to any of the synthetic equivalents of these steroids, or to angiotensin II. They are divided, according to their predominant biological activity, into three major groups: glucocorticoids, chiefly influencing carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism; mineralocorticoids, affecting the regulation of electrolyte and water balance; and C19 androgens. Some corticosteroids exhibit both types of activity in varying degrees, and others exert only one type of effect. The corticosteroids are used clinically for hormonal replacement therapy, for suppression of ACTH secretion by the anterior pituitary, as antineoplastic, antiallergic, and anti-inflammatory agents, and to suppress the immune response. Called also adrenocortical hormone and corticoid. [EU] Cortisone: A natural steroid hormone produced in the adrenal gland. It can also be made in the laboratory. Cortisone reduces swelling and can suppress immune responses. [NIH] Crossing-over: The exchange of corresponding segments between chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosia, forming a chiasma. [NIH] Cryofixation: Fixation of a tissue by localized cooling at very low temperature. [NIH] Cryopreservation: Preservation of cells, tissues, organs, or embryos by freezing. In histological preparations, cryopreservation or cryofixation is used to maintain the existing

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form, structure, and chemical composition of all the constituent elements of the specimens. [NIH]

Curative: Tending to overcome disease and promote recovery. [EU] Cutaneous: Having to do with the skin. [NIH] Cyclin: Molecule that regulates the cell cycle. [NIH] Cyclophosphamide: Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the liver to form the active aldophosphamide. It is used in the treatment of lymphomas, leukemias, etc. Its side effect, alopecia, has been made use of in defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer. [NIH] Cyclosporine: A drug used to help reduce the risk of rejection of organ and bone marrow transplants by the body. It is also used in clinical trials to make cancer cells more sensitive to anticancer drugs. [NIH] Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc. [NIH] Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form cystine. [NIH] Cytarabine: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites. [NIH]

Cytogenetics: A branch of genetics which deals with the cytological and molecular behavior of genes and chromosomes during cell division. [NIH] Cytokine: Small but highly potent protein that modulates the activity of many cell types, including T and B cells. [NIH] Cytomegalovirus: A genus of the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Betaherpesvirinae, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS. [NIH] Cytomegalovirus Infections: Infection with Cytomegalovirus, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults. [NIH] Cytoplasm: The protoplasm of a cell exclusive of that of the nucleus; it consists of a continuous aqueous solution (cytosol) and the organelles and inclusions suspended in it (phaneroplasm), and is the site of most of the chemical activities of the cell. [EU] Cytotoxic: Cell-killing. [NIH] Cytotoxicity: Quality of being capable of producing a specific toxic action upon cells of special organs. [NIH] Dacarbazine: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents. [NIH] Databases, Bibliographic: Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of references and citations to books, articles, publications, etc., generally on a single subject or specialized subject area. Databases can operate through automated files, libraries, or computer disks. The concept should be differentiated from factual databases which is used for collections of data and facts apart from bibliographic references to them. [NIH] Daunorubicin: Very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of leukemias and other neoplasms. [NIH]

De novo: In cancer, the first occurrence of cancer in the body. [NIH]

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Death Certificates: Official records of individual deaths including the cause of death certified by a physician, and any other required identifying information. [NIH] Degenerative: Undergoing degeneration : tending to degenerate; having the character of or involving degeneration; causing or tending to cause degeneration. [EU] Deletion: A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA (chromosomes), bringing sequences, which are normally separated, into close proximity. [NIH] Denaturation: Rupture of the hydrogen bonds by heating a DNA solution and then cooling it rapidly causes the two complementary strands to separate. [NIH] Dendrites: Extensions of the nerve cell body. They are short and branched and receive stimuli from other neurons. [NIH] Dendritic: 1. Branched like a tree. 2. Pertaining to or possessing dendrites. [EU] Dendritic cell: A special type of antigen-presenting cell (APC) that activates T lymphocytes. [NIH]

Density: The logarithm to the base 10 of the opacity of an exposed and processed film. [NIH] Deoxyuridine: 2'-Deoxyuridine. An antimetabolite that is converted to deoxyuridine triphosphate during DNA synthesis. Laboratory suppression of deoxyuridine is used to diagnose megaloblastic anemias due to vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies. [NIH] Depolarization: The process or act of neutralizing polarity. In neurophysiology, the reversal of the resting potential in excitable cell membranes when stimulated, i.e., the tendency of the cell membrane potential to become positive with respect to the potential outside the cell. [EU] DES: Diethylstilbestrol. A synthetic hormone that was prescribed from the early 1940s until 1971 to help women with complications of pregnancy. DES has been linked to an increased risk of clear cell carcinoma of the vagina in daughters of women who used DES. DES may also increase the risk of breast cancer in women who used DES. [NIH] Dexamethasone: (11 beta,16 alpha)-9-Fluoro-11,17,21-trihydroxy-16-methylpregna-1,4diene-3,20-dione. An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used either in the free alcohol or esterified form in treatment of conditions that respond generally to cortisone. [NIH] Diagnostic procedure: A method used to identify a disease. [NIH] Diaphragm: The musculofibrous partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding inspiration. [NIH] Diffusion: The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself throughout the available space; a major mechanism of biological transport. [NIH] Digestion: The process of breakdown of food for metabolism and use by the body. [NIH] Digestive system: The organs that take in food and turn it into products that the body can use to stay healthy. Waste products the body cannot use leave the body through bowel movements. The digestive system includes the salivary glands, mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, small and large intestines, and rectum. [NIH] Digestive tract: The organs through which food passes when food is eaten. These organs are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and rectum. [NIH] Dilatation: The act of dilating. [NIH] Dilution: A diluted or attenuated medicine; in homeopathy, the diffusion of a given quantity of a medicinal agent in ten or one hundred times the same quantity of water. [NIH] Dimerization: The process by which two molecules of the same chemical composition form

258 Hodgkin’s Disease

a condensation product or polymer. [NIH] Diploid: Having two sets of chromosomes. [NIH] Direct: 1. Straight; in a straight line. 2. Performed immediately and without the intervention of subsidiary means. [EU] Discriminant Analysis: A statistical analytic technique used with discrete dependent variables, concerned with separating sets of observed values and allocating new values. It is sometimes used instead of regression analysis. [NIH] Disease Progression: The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis. [NIH] Disease Transmission: The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens. When transmission is within the same species, the mode can be horizontal (disease transmission, horizontal) or vertical (disease transmission, vertical). [NIH] Disease Transmission, Vertical: The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from one generation to another. It includes transmission in utero or intrapartum by exposure to blood and secretions, and postpartum exposure via breastfeeding. [NIH] Disease-Free Survival: Period after successful treatment in which there is no appearance of the symptoms or effects of the disease. [NIH] Disparity: Failure of the two retinal images of an object to fall on corresponding retinal points. [NIH] Dissection: Cutting up of an organism for study. [NIH] Dissociation: 1. The act of separating or state of being separated. 2. The separation of a molecule into two or more fragments (atoms, molecules, ions, or free radicals) produced by the absorption of light or thermal energy or by solvation. 3. In psychology, a defense mechanism in which a group of mental processes are segregated from the rest of a person's mental activity in order to avoid emotional distress, as in the dissociative disorders (q.v.), or in which an idea or object is segregated from its emotional significance; in the first sense it is roughly equivalent to splitting, in the second, to isolation. 4. A defect of mental integration in which one or more groups of mental processes become separated off from normal consciousness and, thus separated, function as a unitary whole. [EU] Dominance: In genetics, the full phenotypic expression of a gene in both heterozygotes and homozygotes. [EU] Doxorubicin: Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetics. It is a hydroxy derivative of daunorubicin and is used in treatment of both leukemia and solid tumors. [NIH] Drive: A state of internal activity of an organism that is a necessary condition before a given stimulus will elicit a class of responses; e.g., a certain level of hunger (drive) must be present before food will elicit an eating response. [NIH] Drug Interactions: The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug. [NIH] Drug Resistance: Diminished or failed response of an organism, disease or tissue to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should be differentiated from drug tolerance which is the progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, as a result of continued administration. [NIH] Drug Tolerance: Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resulting from its continued administration. It should be differentiated

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from drug resistance wherein an organism, disease, or tissue fails to respond to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should also be differentiated from maximum tolerated dose and no-observed-adverse-effect level. [NIH] Duct: A tube through which body fluids pass. [NIH] Dumping Syndrome: Gastrointestinal nonfunctioning pylorus. [NIH]

symptoms

resulting

from

an

absent

or

Duodenum: The first part of the small intestine. [NIH] Dura mater: The outermost, toughest, and most fibrous of the three membranes (meninges) covering the brain and spinal cord; called also pachymeninx. [EU] Dysplasia: Cells that look abnormal under a microscope but are not cancer. [NIH] Ectopic: Pertaining to or characterized by ectopia. [EU] Edema: Excessive amount of watery fluid accumulated in the intercellular spaces, most commonly present in subcutaneous tissue. [NIH] Effector: It is often an enzyme that converts an inactive precursor molecule into an active second messenger. [NIH] Effector cell: A cell that performs a specific function in response to a stimulus; usually used to describe cells in the immune system. [NIH] Efficacy: The extent to which a specific intervention, procedure, regimen, or service produces a beneficial result under ideal conditions. Ideally, the determination of efficacy is based on the results of a randomized control trial. [NIH] Electrolytes: Substances that break up into ions (electrically charged particles) when they are dissolved in body fluids or water. Some examples are sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium. Electrolytes are primarily responsible for the movement of nutrients into cells, and the movement of wastes out of cells. [NIH] Electrons: Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called cathode rays or beta rays, the latter being a high-energy biproduct of nuclear decay. [NIH] Embryo: The prenatal stage of mammalian development characterized by rapid morphological changes and the differentiation of basic structures. [NIH] Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat hypertension. [NIH]

Encephalitis: Inflammation of the brain due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see encephalitis, viral) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition. [NIH] Encephalitis, Viral: Inflammation of brain parenchymal tissue as a result of viral infection. Encephalitis may occur as primary or secondary manifestation of Togaviridae infections; Herpesviridae infections; Adenoviridae infections; Flaviviridae infections; Bunyaviridae infections; Picornaviridae infections; Paramyxoviridae infections; Orthomyxoviridae infections; Retroviridae infections; and Arenaviridae infections. [NIH] Endemic: Present or usually prevalent in a population or geographical area at all times; said of a disease or agent. Called also endemial. [EU] Endothelial cell: The main type of cell found in the inside lining of blood vessels, lymph vessels, and the heart. [NIH] Endotoxin: Toxin from cell walls of bacteria. [NIH]

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Environmental Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals. [NIH] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH]

Enzymatic: Phase where enzyme cuts the precursor protein. [NIH] Enzyme: A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. [NIH] Eosinophil: A polymorphonuclear leucocyte with large eosinophilic granules in its cytoplasm, which plays a role in hypersensitivity reactions. [NIH] Eosinophilic: A condition found primarily in grinding workers caused by a reaction of the pulmonary tissue, in particular the eosinophilic cells, to dust that has entered the lung. [NIH] Epidemic: Occurring suddenly in numbers clearly in excess of normal expectancy; said especially of infectious diseases but applied also to any disease, injury, or other healthrelated event occurring in such outbreaks. [EU] Epidemiological: Relating to, or involving epidemiology. [EU] Epidermis: Nonvascular layer of the skin. It is made up, from within outward, of five layers: 1) basal layer (stratum basale epidermidis); 2) spinous layer (stratum spinosum epidermidis); 3) granular layer (stratum granulosum epidermidis); 4) clear layer (stratum lucidum epidermidis); and 5) horny layer (stratum corneum epidermidis). [NIH] Epirubicin: An anthracycline antibiotic which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA. Clinical studies indicate activity in breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, ovarian cancer, soft-tissue sarcomas, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, small-cell lung cancer and acute leukemia. It is equal in activity to doxorubicin but exhibits less acute toxicities and less cardiotoxicity. [NIH] Epithelial: Refers to the cells that line the internal and external surfaces of the body. [NIH] Epithelial Cells: Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body. [NIH] Epithelioid Cells: Characteristic cells of granulomatous hypersensitivity. They appear as large, flattened cells with increased endoplasmic reticulum. They are believed to be activated macrophages that have differentiated as a result of prolonged antigenic stimulation. Further differentiation or fusion of epithelioid cells is thought to produce multinucleated giant cells. [NIH] Epithelium: One or more layers of epithelial cells, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body. [NIH] Epitope: A molecule or portion of a molecule capable of binding to the combining site of an antibody. For every given antigenic determinant, the body can construct a variety of antibody-combining sites, some of which fit almost perfectly, and others which barely fit. [NIH]

Epstein: Failure of the upper eyelid to move downward on downward movement of the eye, occurring in premature and nervous infants. [NIH] Epstein-Barr virus: EBV. A common virus that remains dormant in most people. It has been associated with certain cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma, immunoblastic lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. [NIH] Erythrocytes: Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. [NIH]

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Escalation: Progressive use of more harmful drugs. [NIH] Esophagus: The muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach. [NIH]

Estrogen: One of the two female sex hormones. [NIH] Etoposide: A semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle. [NIH] Evaluable patients: Patients whose response to a treatment can be measured because enough information has been collected. [NIH] Excitation: An act of irritation or stimulation or of responding to a stimulus; the addition of energy, as the excitation of a molecule by absorption of photons. [EU] Exogenous: Developed or originating outside the organism, as exogenous disease. [EU] External-beam radiation: Radiation therapy that uses a machine to aim high-energy rays at the cancer. Also called external radiation. [NIH] Extracorporeal: Situated or occurring outside the body. [EU] Eye Infections: Infection, moderate to severe, caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses, which occurs either on the external surface of the eye or intraocularly with probable inflammation, visual impairment, or blindness. [NIH] Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Fat: Total lipids including phospholipids. [NIH] Fatigue: The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli. [NIH]

Fetal Hemoglobin: The major component of hemoglobin in the fetus. This hemoglobin has two alpha and two gamma polypeptide subunits in comparison to normal adult hemoglobin, which has two alpha and two beta polypeptide subunits. Fetal hemoglobin concentrations can be elevated (usually above 0.5%) in children and adults affected by leukemia and several types of anemia. [NIH] Fetus: The developing offspring from 7 to 8 weeks after conception until birth. [NIH] Fibrin: A protein derived from fibrinogen in the presence of thrombin, which forms part of the blood clot. [NIH] Fibroblast Growth Factor: Peptide isolated from the pituitary gland and from the brain. It is a potent mitogen which stimulates growth of a variety of mesodermal cells including chondrocytes, granulosa, and endothelial cells. The peptide may be active in wound healing and animal limb regeneration. [NIH] Fibroblasts: Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. [NIH] Fibronectin: An adhesive glycoprotein. One form circulates in plasma, acting as an opsonin; another is a cell-surface protein which mediates cellular adhesive interactions. [NIH] Fibrosis: Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. [NIH] Filgrastim: A colony-stimulating factor that stimulates the production of neutrophils (a type

262 Hodgkin’s Disease

of white blood cell). It is a cytokine that belongs to the family of drugs called hematopoietic (blood-forming) agents. Also called granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). [NIH] Fine-needle aspiration: The removal of tissue or fluid with a needle for examination under a microscope. Also called needle biopsy. [NIH] Flow Cytometry: Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake. [NIH] Fludarabine: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites. [NIH]

Fluorescence: The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis. [NIH] Fluorescent Dyes: Dyes that emit light when exposed to light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags. They are used as markers in biochemistry and immunology. [NIH] Flushing: A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, stress, or a disease process. [NIH] Folate: A B-complex vitamin that is being studied as a cancer prevention agent. Also called folic acid. [NIH] Fractionation: Dividing the total dose of radiation therapy into several smaller, equal doses delivered over a period of several days. [NIH] Fungi: A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live as saprobes or parasites, including mushrooms, yeasts, smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi refer to those that grow as multicelluar colonies (mushrooms and molds). [NIH] Fungus: A general term used to denote a group of eukaryotic protists, including mushrooms, yeasts, rusts, moulds, smuts, etc., which are characterized by the absence of chlorophyll and by the presence of a rigid cell wall composed of chitin, mannans, and sometimes cellulose. They are usually of simple morphological form or show some reversible cellular specialization, such as the formation of pseudoparenchymatous tissue in the fruiting body of a mushroom. The dimorphic fungi grow, according to environmental conditions, as moulds or yeasts. [EU] Gallbladder: The pear-shaped organ that sits below the liver. Bile is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder. [NIH] Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72. [NIH] Gamma Rays: Very powerful and penetrating, high-energy electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength than that of x-rays. They are emitted by a decaying nucleus, usually between 0.01 and 10 MeV. They are also called nuclear x-rays. [NIH]

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Gamma-interferon: Interferon produced by T-lymphocytes in response to various mitogens and antigens. Gamma interferon appears to have potent antineoplastic, immunoregulatory and antiviral activity. [NIH] Ganciclovir: Acyclovir analog that is a potent inhibitor of the Herpesvirus family including cytomegalovirus. Ganciclovir is used to treat complications from AIDS-associated cytomegalovirus infections. [NIH] Ganglia: Clusters of multipolar neurons surrounded by a capsule of loosely organized connective tissue located outside the central nervous system. [NIH] Ganglion: 1. A knot, or knotlike mass. 2. A general term for a group of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system; occasionally applied to certain nuclear groups within the brain or spinal cord, e.g. basal ganglia. 3. A benign cystic tumour occurring on a aponeurosis or tendon, as in the wrist or dorsum of the foot; it consists of a thin fibrous capsule enclosing a clear mucinous fluid. [EU] Gas: Air that comes from normal breakdown of food. The gases are passed out of the body through the rectum (flatus) or the mouth (burp). [NIH] Gastrectomy: An operation to remove all or part of the stomach. [NIH] Gastric: Having to do with the stomach. [NIH] Gastrin: A hormone released after eating. Gastrin causes the stomach to produce more acid. [NIH]

Gastrointestinal: Refers to the stomach and intestines. [NIH] Gelatin: A product formed from skin, white connective tissue, or bone collagen. It is used as a protein food adjuvant, plasma substitute, hemostatic, suspending agent in pharmaceutical preparations, and in the manufacturing of capsules and suppositories. [NIH] Gels: Colloids with a solid continuous phase and liquid as the dispersed phase; gels may be unstable when, due to temperature or other cause, the solid phase liquifies; the resulting colloid is called a sol. [NIH] Gemcitabine: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites. [NIH]

Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. [NIH]

Gene Expression: The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of gene action. [NIH] Gene Rearrangement: The ordered rearrangement of gene regions by DNA recombination such as that which occurs normally during development. [NIH] Gene Silencing: Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels. [NIH] Gene Targeting: The integration of exogenous DNA into the genome of an organism at sites where its expression can be suitably controlled. This integration occurs as a result of homologous recombination. [NIH] Genetic Code: The specifications for how information, stored in nucleic acid sequence (base sequence), is translated into protein sequence (amino acid sequence). The start, stop, and order of amino acids of a protein is specified by consecutive triplets of nucleotides called codons (codon). [NIH] Genetic Engineering: Directed modification of the gene complement of a living organism by such techniques as altering the DNA, substituting genetic material by means of a virus,

264 Hodgkin’s Disease

transplanting whole nuclei, transplanting cell hybrids, etc. [NIH] Genetic Techniques: Chromosomal, biochemical, intracellular, and other methods used in the study of genetics. [NIH] Genetic testing: Analyzing DNA to look for a genetic alteration that may indicate an increased risk for developing a specific disease or disorder. [NIH] Genetics: The biological science that deals with the phenomena and mechanisms of heredity. [NIH] Genital: Pertaining to the genitalia. [EU] Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual; the characterization of the genes. [NIH] Germinal Center: The activated center of a lymphoid follicle in secondary lymphoid tissue where B-lymphocytes are stimulated by antigens and helper T cells (T-lymphocytes, helperinducer) are stimulated to generate memory cells. [NIH] Giant Cells: Multinucleated masses produced by the fusion of many cells; often associated with viral infections. In AIDS, they are induced when the envelope glycoprotein of the HIV virus binds to the CD4 antigen of uninfected neighboring T4 cells. The resulting syncytium leads to cell death and thus may account for the cytopathic effect of the virus. [NIH] Gland: An organ that produces and releases one or more substances for use in the body. Some glands produce fluids that affect tissues or organs. Others produce hormones or participate in blood production. [NIH] Glioblastoma: A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures. [NIH] Glomerular: Pertaining to or of the nature of a glomerulus, especially a renal glomerulus. [EU]

Glomeruli: Plural of glomerulus. [NIH] Glomerulonephritis: Glomerular disease characterized by an inflammatory reaction, with leukocyte infiltration and cellular proliferation of the glomeruli, or that appears to be the result of immune glomerular injury. [NIH] Glucocorticoid: A compound that belongs to the family of compounds called corticosteroids (steroids). Glucocorticoids affect metabolism and have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. They may be naturally produced (hormones) or synthetic (drugs). [NIH] Glucose: D-Glucose. A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement. [NIH] Glycine: A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter. [NIH] Glycoprotein: A protein that has sugar molecules attached to it. [NIH] Glycosidic: Formed by elimination of water between the anomeric hydroxyl of one sugar and a hydroxyl of another sugar molecule. [NIH] Gonad: A sex organ, such as an ovary or a testicle, which produces the gametes in most multicellular animals. [NIH] Gonadal: Pertaining to a gonad. [EU]

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Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of healthrelated institutions and organizations. [NIH] Grade: The grade of a tumor depends on how abnormal the cancer cells look under a microscope and how quickly the tumor is likely to grow and spread. Grading systems are different for each type of cancer. [NIH] Graft: Healthy skin, bone, or other tissue taken from one part of the body and used to replace diseased or injured tissue removed from another part of the body. [NIH] Graft Rejection: An immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient. [NIH] Grafting: The operation of transfer of tissue from one site to another. [NIH] Graft-versus-host disease: GVHD. A reaction of donated bone marrow or peripheral stem cells against a person's tissue. [NIH] Granular Cell Tumor: Unusual tumor affecting any site of the body, but most often encountered in the head and neck. Considerable debate has surrounded the histogenesis of this neoplasm; however, it is considered to be a myoblastoma of, usually, a benign nature. It affects women more often than men. When it develops beneath the epidermis or mucous membrane, it can lead to proliferation of the squamous cells and mimic squamous cell carcinoma. [NIH] Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor: A glycoprotein of MW 25 kDa containing internal disulfide bonds. It induces the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neutrophilic granulocyte precursor cells and functionally activates mature blood neutrophils. Among the family of colony-stimulating factors, G-CSF is the most potent inducer of terminal differentiation to granulocytes and macrophages of leukemic myeloid cell lines. [NIH] Granulocytes: Leukocytes with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. They are divided into three groups: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. [NIH] Granulomas: Small lumps in tissues caused by inflammation. [NIH] Growth: The progressive development of a living being or part of an organism from its earliest stage to maturity. [NIH] Growth factors: Substances made by the body that function to regulate cell division and cell survival. Some growth factors are also produced in the laboratory and used in biological therapy. [NIH] Haematology: The science of the blood, its nature, functions, and diseases. [NIH] Haemopoietic: Haematopoietic; pertaining to or effecting the formation of blood cells. [EU] Half-Life: The time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity. [NIH] Haploid: An organism with one basic chromosome set, symbolized by n; the normal condition of gametes in diploids. [NIH] Haplotypes: The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the major histocompatibility complex. [NIH] Haptens: Small antigenic determinants capable of eliciting an immune response only when coupled to a carrier. Haptens bind to antibodies but by themselves cannot elicit an antibody response. [NIH] Health Behavior: Behaviors expressed by individuals to protect, maintain or promote their health status. For example, proper diet, and appropriate exercise are activities perceived to

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influence health status. Life style is closely associated with health behavior and factors influencing life style are socioeconomic, educational, and cultural. [NIH] Health Education: Education that increases the awareness and favorably influences the attitudes and knowledge relating to the improvement of health on a personal or community basis. [NIH] Health Status: The level of health of the individual, group, or population as subjectively assessed by the individual or by more objective measures. [NIH] Helix-loop-helix: Regulatory protein of cell cycle. [NIH] Hematologic malignancies: Cancers of the blood or bone marrow, including leukemia and lymphoma. Also called hematologic cancers. [NIH] Hematopoiesis: The development and formation of various types of blood cells. [NIH] Hematopoietic growth factors: A group of proteins that cause blood cells to grow and mature. [NIH] Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: The transference of stem cells from one animal or human to another (allogeneic), or within the same individual (autologous). The source for the stem cells may be the bone marrow or peripheral blood. Stem cell transplantation has been used as an alternative to autologous bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of a variety of neoplasms. [NIH] Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Progenitor cells from which all blood cells derive. [NIH] Hemoglobin: One of the fractions of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c. Glycosylated hemoglobin is formed when linkages of glucose and related monosaccharides bind to hemoglobin A and its concentration represents the average blood glucose level over the previous several weeks. HbA1c levels are used as a measure of long-term control of plasma glucose (normal, 4 to 6 percent). In controlled diabetes mellitus, the concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin A is within the normal range, but in uncontrolled cases the level may be 3 to 4 times the normal conentration. Generally, complications are substantially lower among patients with Hb levels of 7 percent or less than in patients with HbA1c levels of 9 percent or more. [NIH] Hemoglobin H: An abnormal hemoglobin composed of four beta chains. It is caused by the reduced synthesis of the alpha chain. This abnormality results in alpha-thalassemia. [NIH] Hemolytic: A disease that affects the blood and blood vessels. It destroys red blood cells, cells that cause the blood to clot, and the lining of blood vessels. HUS is often caused by the Escherichia coli bacterium in contaminated food. People with HUS may develop acute renal failure. [NIH] Hemorrhage: Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. [NIH] Hepatic: Refers to the liver. [NIH] Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver and liver disease involving degenerative or necrotic alterations of hepatocytes. [NIH] Hepatocytes: The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. [NIH] Hepatomegaly: Enlargement of the liver. [NIH] Herbicide: A chemical that kills plants. [NIH] Hereditary: Of, relating to, or denoting factors that can be transmitted genetically from one generation to another. [NIH] Heredity: 1. The genetic transmission of a particular quality or trait from parent to offspring. 2. The genetic constitution of an individual. [EU]

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Herpes: Any inflammatory skin disease caused by a herpesvirus and characterized by the formation of clusters of small vesicles. When used alone, the term may refer to herpes simplex or to herpes zoster. [EU] Herpes virus: A member of the herpes family of viruses. [NIH] Herpes Zoster: Acute vesicular inflammation. [NIH] Heterogeneity: The property of one or more samples or populations which implies that they are not identical in respect of some or all of their parameters, e. g. heterogeneity of variance. [NIH]

Heterotrophic: Pertaining to organisms that are consumers and dependent on other organisms for their source of energy (food). [NIH] Heterozygotes: Having unlike alleles at one or more corresponding loci on homologous chromosomes. [NIH] Histamine: 1H-Imidazole-4-ethanamine. A depressor amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of histidine. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter. [NIH] Histiocytosis: General term for the abnormal appearance of histiocytes in the blood. Based on the pathological features of the cells involved rather than on clinical findings, the histiocytic diseases are subdivided into three groups: Langerhans cell histiocytosis, nonLangerhans cell histiocytosis, and malignant histiocytic disorders. [NIH] Histology: The study of tissues and cells under a microscope. [NIH] Homeostasis: The processes whereby the internal environment of an organism tends to remain balanced and stable. [NIH] Homogeneous: Consisting of or composed of similar elements or ingredients; of a uniform quality throughout. [EU] Homologous: Corresponding in structure, position, origin, etc., as (a) the feathers of a bird and the scales of a fish, (b) antigen and its specific antibody, (c) allelic chromosomes. [EU] Homozygotes: An individual having a homozygous gene pair. [NIH] Hormonal: Pertaining to or of the nature of a hormone. [EU] Hormone: A substance in the body that regulates certain organs. Hormones such as gastrin help in breaking down food. Some hormones come from cells in the stomach and small intestine. [NIH] Hormone therapy: Treatment of cancer by removing, blocking, or adding hormones. Also called endocrine therapy. [NIH] Host: Any animal that receives a transplanted graft. [NIH] Humoral: Of, relating to, proceeding from, or involving a bodily humour - now often used of endocrine factors as opposed to neural or somatic. [EU] Humour: 1. A normal functioning fluid or semifluid of the body (as the blood, lymph or bile) especially of vertebrates. 2. A secretion that is itself an excitant of activity (as certain hormones). [EU] Hybrid: Cross fertilization between two varieties or, more usually, two species of vines, see also crossing. [NIH] Hybridization: The genetic process of crossbreeding to produce a hybrid. Hybrid nucleic acids can be formed by nucleic acid hybridization of DNA and RNA molecules. Protein hybridization allows for hybrid proteins to be formed from polypeptide chains. [NIH] Hybridomas: Cells artificially created by fusion of activated lymphocytes with neoplastic

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cells. The resulting hybrid cells are cloned and produce pure or "monoclonal" antibodies or T-cell products, identical to those produced by the immunologically competent parent, and continually grow and divide as the neoplastic parent. [NIH] Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight 1. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are protons. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope deuterium and the unstable, radioactive isotope tritium. [NIH] Hydrolysis: The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water. [NIH] Hypercholesterolemia: Abnormally high levels of cholesterol in the blood. [NIH] Hyperlipidemia: An excess of lipids in the blood. [NIH] Hyperplasia: An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, not due to tumor formation. It differs from hypertrophy, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells. [NIH] Hypersensitivity: Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. [NIH] Hypertension: Persistently high arterial blood pressure. Currently accepted threshold levels are 140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic pressure. [NIH] Hypertrophy: General increase in bulk of a part or organ, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells. [NIH] Iatrogenic: Resulting from the activity of physicians. Originally applied to disorders induced in the patient by autosuggestion based on the physician's examination, manner, or discussion, the term is now applied to any adverse condition in a patient occurring as the result of treatment by a physician or surgeon, especially to infections acquired by the patient during the course of treatment. [EU] Id: The part of the personality structure which harbors the unconscious instinctive desires and strivings of the individual. [NIH] Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antibiotic. The compound has shown activity against breast cancer, lymphomas and leukemias, together with potential for reduced cardiac toxicity. [NIH] Idiopathic: Describes a disease of unknown cause. [NIH] Idiotype: The unique antigenic determinant in the variable region. [NIH] Ifosfamide: Positional isomer of cyclophosphamide which is active as an alkylating agent and an immunosuppressive agent. [NIH] Imaging procedures: Methods of producing pictures of areas inside the body. [NIH] Immune function: Production and action of cells that fight disease or infection. [NIH] Immune response: The activity of the immune system against foreign substances (antigens). [NIH]

Immune Sera: Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by antigen injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen. [NIH] Immune system: The organs, cells, and molecules responsible for the recognition and disposal of foreign ("non-self") material which enters the body. [NIH] Immunity:

Nonsusceptibility

to

the

invasive

or

pathogenic

effects

of

foreign

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microorganisms or to the toxic effect of antigenic substances. [NIH] Immunization: Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. Active immunization involves administration of antigens or immunologic adjuvants. Passive immunization involves administration of immune sera or lymphocytes or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow). [NIH] Immunocompromised: Having a weakened immune system caused by certain diseases or treatments. [NIH] Immunodeficiency: The decreased ability of the body to fight infection and disease. [NIH] Immunoelectrophoresis: A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera. [NIH] Immunogenic: Producing immunity; evoking an immune response. [EU] Immunoglobulin: A protein that acts as an antibody. [NIH] Immunologic: The ability of the antibody-forming system to recall a previous experience with an antigen and to respond to a second exposure with the prompt production of large amounts of antibody. [NIH] Immunology: The study of the body's immune system. [NIH] Immunophenotyping: Process of classifying cells of the immune system based on structural and functional differences. The process is commonly used to analyze and sort Tlymphocytes into subsets based on CD antigens by the technique of flow cytometry. [NIH] Immunosuppressant: An agent capable of suppressing immune responses. [EU] Immunosuppressive: Describes the ability to lower immune system responses. [NIH] Immunosuppressive therapy: Therapy used to decrease the body's immune response, such as drugs given to prevent transplant rejection. [NIH] Immunotherapy: Manipulation of the host's immune system in treatment of disease. It includes both active and passive immunization as well as immunosuppressive therapy to prevent graft rejection. [NIH] Immunotoxin: An antibody linked to a toxic substance. Some immmunotoxins can bind to cancer cells and kill them. [NIH] Impairment: In the context of health experience, an impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function. [NIH] Implant radiation: A procedure in which radioactive material sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters is placed directly into or near the tumor. Also called [NIH] In situ: In the natural or normal place; confined to the site of origin without invasion of neighbouring tissues. [EU] In vitro: In the laboratory (outside the body). The opposite of in vivo (in the body). [NIH] In vivo: In the body. The opposite of in vitro (outside the body or in the laboratory). [NIH] Incision: A cut made in the body during surgery. [NIH] Incubation: The development of an infectious disease from the entrance of the pathogen to the appearance of clinical symptoms. [EU] Incubation period: The period of time likely to elapse between exposure to the agent of the disease and the onset of clinical symptoms. [NIH]

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Indicative: That indicates; that points out more or less exactly; that reveals fairly clearly. [EU] Indolent: A type of cancer that grows slowly. [NIH] Indolent lymphoma: Lymphoma that grows slowly and has few symptoms. [NIH] Induction: The act or process of inducing or causing to occur, especially the production of a specific morphogenetic effect in the developing embryo through the influence of evocators or organizers, or the production of anaesthesia or unconsciousness by use of appropriate agents. [EU] Infancy: The period of complete dependency prior to the acquisition of competence in walking, talking, and self-feeding. [NIH] Infarction: A pathological process consisting of a sudden insufficient blood supply to an area, which results in necrosis of that area. It is usually caused by a thrombus, an embolus, or a vascular torsion. [NIH] Infection: 1. Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or result in local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response. The infection may remain localized, subclinical, and temporary if the body's defensive mechanisms are effective. A local infection may persist and spread by extension to become an acute, subacute, or chronic clinical infection or disease state. A local infection may also become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system. 2. An infectious disease. [EU]

Infectious Mononucleosis: A common, acute infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (Human herpesvirus 4). There is an increase in mononuclear white blood cells and other atypical lymphocytes, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and occasionally hepatomegaly with hepatitis. [NIH] Infiltration: The diffusion or accumulation in a tissue or cells of substances not normal to it or in amounts of the normal. Also, the material so accumulated. [EU] Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. [NIH] Inflammatory bowel disease: A general term that refers to the inflammation of the colon and rectum. Inflammatory bowel disease includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. [NIH]

Informed Consent: Voluntary authorization, given to the physician by the patient, with full comprehension of the risks involved, for diagnostic or investigative procedures and medical and surgical treatment. [NIH] Infuse: To pour (a liquid) into something. [EU] Infusion: A method of putting fluids, including drugs, into the bloodstream. Also called intravenous infusion. [NIH] Initiation: Mutation induced by a chemical reactive substance causing cell changes; being a step in a carcinogenic process. [NIH] Inorganic: Pertaining to substances not of organic origin. [EU] Insight: The capacity to understand one's own motives, to be aware of one's own psychodynamics, to appreciate the meaning of symbolic behavior. [NIH] Insulator: Material covering the metal conductor of the lead. It is usually polyurethane or silicone. [NIH] Interferon: A biological response modifier (a substance that can improve the body's natural

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response to disease). Interferons interfere with the division of cancer cells and can slow tumor growth. There are several types of interferons, including interferon-alpha, -beta, and gamma. These substances are normally produced by the body. They are also made in the laboratory for use in treating cancer and other diseases. [NIH] Interferon-alpha: One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells when exposed to live or inactivated virus, double-stranded RNA, or bacterial products. It is the major interferon produced by virus-induced leukocyte cultures and, in addition to its pronounced antiviral activity, it causes activation of NK cells. [NIH] Interleukin-1: A soluble factor produced by monocytes, macrophages, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. IL-1 consists of two distinct forms, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta which perform the same functions but are distinct proteins. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation. The factor is distinct from interleukin-2. [NIH] Interleukin-13: T-lymphocyte-derived cytokine that produces proliferation, immunoglobulin isotype switching, and immunoglobulin production by immature Blymphocytes. It appears to play a role in regulating inflammatory and immune responses. [NIH]

Interleukin-2: Chemical mediator produced by activated T lymphocytes and which regulates the proliferation of T cells, as well as playing a role in the regulation of NK cell activity. [NIH] Interleukin-6: Factor that stimulates the growth and differentiation of human B-cells and is also a growth factor for hybridomas and plasmacytomas. It is produced by many different cells including T-cells, monocytes, and fibroblasts. [NIH] Interleukins: Soluble factors which stimulate growth-related activities of leukocytes as well as other cell types. They enhance cell proliferation and differentiation, DNA synthesis, secretion of other biologically active molecules and responses to immune and inflammatory stimuli. [NIH] Intermittent: Occurring at separated intervals; having periods of cessation of activity. [EU] Internal radiation: A procedure in which radioactive material sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters is placed directly into or near the tumor. Also called brachytherapy, implant radiation, or interstitial radiation therapy. [NIH] Interstitial: Pertaining to or situated between parts or in the interspaces of a tissue. [EU] Intestinal: Having to do with the intestines. [NIH] Intestine: A long, tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. There is both a large intestine and a small intestine. Also called the bowel. [NIH] Intracellular: Inside a cell. [NIH] Intracellular Membranes: Membranes of subcellular structures. [NIH] Intravenous: IV. Into a vein. [NIH] Intrinsic: Situated entirely within or pertaining exclusively to a part. [EU] Invasive: 1. Having the quality of invasiveness. 2. Involving puncture or incision of the skin or insertion of an instrument or foreign material into the body; said of diagnostic techniques. [EU]

Ionizing: Radiation comprising charged particles, e. g. electrons, protons, alpha-particles, etc., having sufficient kinetic energy to produce ionization by collision. [NIH] Ions: An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a

272 Hodgkin’s Disease

positive charge are known as cations; those with a negative charge are anions. [NIH] Irradiation: The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, neutrons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy) or from materials called radioisotopes. Radioisotopes produce radiation and can be placed in or near the tumor or in the area near cancer cells. This type of radiation treatment is called internal radiation therapy, implant radiation, interstitial radiation, or brachytherapy. Systemic radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that circulates throughout the body. Irradiation is also called radiation therapy, radiotherapy, and x-ray therapy. [NIH] Joint: The point of contact between elements of an animal skeleton with the parts that surround and support it. [NIH] Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH] Keto: It consists of 8 carbon atoms and within the endotoxins, it connects poysaccharide and lipid A. [NIH] Killer Cells: Lymphocyte-like effector cells which mediate antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. They kill antibody-coated target cells which they bind with their Fc receptors. [NIH]

Kinetic: Pertaining to or producing motion. [EU] Labile: 1. Gliding; moving from point to point over the surface; unstable; fluctuating. 2. Chemically unstable. [EU] Laparoscopy: Examination, therapy or surgery of the abdomen's interior by means of a laparoscope. [NIH] Laparotomy: A surgical incision made in the wall of the abdomen. [NIH] Large Intestine: The part of the intestine that goes from the cecum to the rectum. The large intestine absorbs water from stool and changes it from a liquid to a solid form. The large intestine is 5 feet long and includes the appendix, cecum, colon, and rectum. Also called colon. [NIH] Latency: The period of apparent inactivity between the time when a stimulus is presented and the moment a response occurs. [NIH] Latent: Phoria which occurs at one distance or another and which usually has no troublesome effect. [NIH] Lectin: A complex molecule that has both protein and sugars. Lectins are able to bind to the outside of a cell and cause biochemical changes in it. Lectins are made by both animals and plants. [NIH] Lentivirus: A genus of the family Retroviridae consisting of non-oncogenic retroviruses that produce multi-organ diseases characterized by long incubation periods and persistent infection. Lentiviruses are unique in that they contain open reading frames (ORFs) between the pol and env genes and in the 3' env region. Five serogroups are recognized, reflecting the mammalian hosts with which they are associated. HIV-1 is the type species. [NIH] Lesion: An area of abnormal tissue change. [NIH] Lethal: Deadly, fatal. [EU] Leucocyte: All the white cells of the blood and their precursors (myeloid cell series, lymphoid cell series) but commonly used to indicate granulocytes exclusive of lymphocytes. [NIH]

Leukaemia: An acute or chronic disease of unknown cause in man and other warm-blooded

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animals that involves the blood-forming organs, is characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of leucocytes in the tissues of the body with or without a corresponding increase of those in the circulating blood, and is classified according of the type leucocyte most prominently involved. [EU] Leukapheresis: The preparation of leukocyte concentrates with the return of red cells and leukocyte-poor plasma to the donor. [NIH] Leukemia: Cancer of blood-forming tissue. [NIH] Leukocytes: White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils) as well as non-granular leukocytes (lymphocytes and monocytes). [NIH] Leukoplakia: A white patch that may develop on mucous membranes such as the cheek, gums, or tongue and may become cancerous. [NIH] Levo: It is an experimental treatment for heroin addiction that was developed by German scientists around 1948 as an analgesic. Like methadone, it binds with opioid receptors, but it is longer acting. [NIH] Library Services: Services offered to the library user. They include reference and circulation. [NIH]

Life cycle: The successive stages through which an organism passes from fertilized ovum or spore to the fertilized ovum or spore of the next generation. [NIH] Ligament: A band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or cartilages, serving to support and strengthen joints. [EU] Ligands: A RNA simulation method developed by the MIT. [NIH] Ligation: Application of a ligature to tie a vessel or strangulate a part. [NIH] Limbic: Pertaining to a limbus, or margin; forming a border around. [EU] Linear Energy Transfer: Rate of energy dissipation along the path of charged particles. In radiobiology and health physics, exposure is measured in kiloelectron volts per micrometer of tissue (keV/micrometer T). [NIH] Linitis Plastica: A condition where the stomach wall becomes thickened, rubbery and loses its ability to distend. The stomach assumes a "leather bottle" shape. It is most often seen in adenocarcinoma of the stomach. The term is often used synonymously with diffuse adenocarcinoma of the stomach. [NIH] Linkage: The tendency of two or more genes in the same chromosome to remain together from one generation to the next more frequently than expected according to the law of independent assortment. [NIH] Lipid: Fat. [NIH] Lipoprotein: Any of the lipid-protein complexes in which lipids are transported in the blood; lipoprotein particles consist of a spherical hydrophobic core of triglycerides or cholesterol esters surrounded by an amphipathic monolayer of phospholipids, cholesterol, and apolipoproteins; the four principal classes are high-density, low-density, and very-lowdensity lipoproteins and chylomicrons. [EU] Liver: A large, glandular organ located in the upper abdomen. The liver cleanses the blood and aids in digestion by secreting bile. [NIH] Liver scan: An image of the liver created on a computer screen or on film. A radioactive substance is injected into a blood vessel and travels through the bloodstream. It collects in the liver, especially in abnormal areas, and can be detected by the scanner. [NIH] Localization: The process of determining or marking the location or site of a lesion or disease. May also refer to the process of keeping a lesion or disease in a specific location or

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site. [NIH] Localized: Cancer which has not metastasized yet. [NIH] Lod: The lowest analyte content which, if actually present, will be detected with reasonable statistical certainty and can be identified according to the identification criteria of the method. If both accuracy and precision are constant over a concentration range. [NIH] Lod Score: The total relative probability, expressed on a logarithmic scale, that a linkage relationship exists among selected loci. Lod is an acronym for "logarithmic odds." [NIH] Lomustine: An alkylating agent of value against both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. [NIH] Long-Term Care: Care over an extended period, usually for a chronic condition or disability, requiring periodic, intermittent, or continuous care. [NIH] Loop: A wire usually of platinum bent at one end into a small loop (usually 4 mm inside diameter) and used in transferring microorganisms. [NIH] Loss of Heterozygosity: The loss of one allele at a specific locus, caused by a deletion mutation; or loss of a chromosome from a chromosome pair. It is detected when heterozygous markers for a locus appear monomorphic because one of the alleles was deleted. When this occurs at a tumor suppressor gene locus where one of the alleles is already abnormal, it can result in neoplastic transformation. [NIH] Lumbar: Pertaining to the loins, the part of the back between the thorax and the pelvis. [EU] Lumbar puncture: A procedure in which a needle is put into the lower part of the spinal column to collect cerebrospinal fluid or to give anticancer drugs intrathecally. Also called a spinal tap. [NIH] Lupus: A form of cutaneous tuberculosis. It is seen predominantly in women and typically involves the nasal, buccal, and conjunctival mucosa. [NIH] Lymph: The almost colorless fluid that travels through the lymphatic system and carries cells that help fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymph node: A rounded mass of lymphatic tissue that is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue. Also known as a lymph gland. Lymph nodes are spread out along lymphatic vessels and contain many lymphocytes, which filter the lymphatic fluid (lymph). [NIH]

Lymphadenopathy: Disease or swelling of the lymph nodes. [NIH] Lymphatic: The tissues and organs, including the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes, that produce and store cells that fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymphatic system: The tissues and organs that produce, store, and carry white blood cells that fight infection and other diseases. This system includes the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and a network of thin tubes that carry lymph and white blood cells. These tubes branch, like blood vessels, into all the tissues of the body. [NIH] Lymphoblastic: One of the most aggressive types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. [NIH] Lymphoblasts: Interferon produced predominantly by leucocyte cells. [NIH] Lymphocyte: A white blood cell. Lymphocytes have a number of roles in the immune system, including the production of antibodies and other substances that fight infection and diseases. [NIH] Lymphocyte Count: A count of the number of lymphocytes in the blood. [NIH] Lymphocyte Depletion: Immunosuppression by reduction of circulating lymphocytes or by T-cell depletion of bone marrow. The former may be accomplished in vivo by thoracic duct

Dictionary 275

drainage or administration of antilymphocyte serum. The latter is performed ex vivo on bone marrow before its transplantation. [NIH] Lymphocyte Transformation: Morphologic alteration of small lymphocytes in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by interleukins, mitogens such as phytohemagglutinins, and by specific antigens. It may also occur in vivo, as in graft rejection and chronic myelogenous leukemia. [NIH] Lymphocytic: Referring to lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. [NIH] Lymphography: Radiographic study of the lymphatic system following injection of dye or contrast medium. [NIH] Lymphoid: Referring to lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Also refers to tissue in which lymphocytes develop. [NIH] Lymphoma: A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. [NIH] Lymphoproliferative: Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified. [NIH] Lymphoproliferative Disorders: Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified. [NIH] Lytic: 1. Pertaining to lysis or to a lysin. 2. Producing lysis. [EU] Macrophage: A type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulates the action of other immune system cells. [NIH] Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques. [NIH] Maintenance therapy: Treatment that is given to help a primary (original) treatment keep working. Maintenance therapy is often given to help keep cancer in remission. [NIH] Major Histocompatibility Complex: The genetic region which contains the loci of genes which determine the structure of the serologically defined (SD) and lymphocyte-defined (LD) transplantation antigens, genes which control the structure of the immune responseassociated (Ia) antigens, the immune response (Ir) genes which control the ability of an animal to respond immunologically to antigenic stimuli, and genes which determine the structure and/or level of the first four components of complement. [NIH] Malignancy: A cancerous tumor that can invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. [NIH] Malignant: Cancerous; a growth with a tendency to invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. [NIH] Malignant mesothelioma: A rare type of cancer in which malignant cells are found in the sac lining the chest or abdomen. Exposure to airborne asbestos particles increases one's risk of developing malignant mesothelioma. [NIH] Malignant tumor: A tumor capable of metastasizing. [NIH] Malnutrition: A condition caused by not eating enough food or not eating a balanced diet. [NIH]

Mammary: Pertaining to the mamma, or breast. [EU] Mandible: The largest and strongest bone of the face constituting the lower jaw. It supports the lower teeth. [NIH] Manifest: Being the part or aspect of a phenomenon that is directly observable : concretely

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expressed in behaviour. [EU] Mantle field: The area of the neck, chest, and lymph nodes in the armpit that are exposed to radiation. [NIH] Maximum Tolerated Dose: The highest dose level eliciting signs of toxicity without having major effects on survival relative to the test in which it is used. [NIH] Mechlorethamine: A vesicant and necrotizing irritant destructive to mucous membranes. It was formerly used as a war gas. The hydrochloride is used as an antineoplastic in Hodgkin's disease and lymphomas. It causes severe gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage. [NIH] Mediate: Indirect; accomplished by the aid of an intervening medium. [EU] Mediator: An object or substance by which something is mediated, such as (1) a structure of the nervous system that transmits impulses eliciting a specific response; (2) a chemical substance (transmitter substance) that induces activity in an excitable tissue, such as nerve or muscle; or (3) a substance released from cells as the result of the interaction of antigen with antibody or by the action of antigen with a sensitized lymphocyte. [EU] Medical Records: Recording of pertinent information concerning patient's illness or illnesses. [NIH] Medical Staff: Professional medical personnel who provide care to patients in an organized facility, institution or agency. [NIH] Medicament: A medicinal substance or agent. [EU] MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Megaloblastic: A large abnormal red blood cell appearing in the blood in pernicious anaemia. [EU] Megestrol: 17-Hydroxy-6-methylpregna-3,6-diene-3,20-dione. A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer. [NIH] Meiosis: A special method of cell division, occurring in maturation of the germ cells, by means of which each daughter nucleus receives half the number of chromosomes characteristic of the somatic cells of the species. [NIH] Melanocytes: Epidermal dendritic pigment cells which control long-term morphological color changes by alteration in their number or in the amount of pigment they produce and store in the pigment containing organelles called melanosomes. Melanophores are larger cells which do not exist in mammals. [NIH] Melanoma: A form of skin cancer that arises in melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment. Melanoma usually begins in a mole. [NIH] Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - melphalan, the racemic mixture - merphalan, and the dextro isomer medphalan; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen. [NIH] Membrane: A very thin layer of tissue that covers a surface. [NIH] Membrane Proteins: Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors. [NIH] Memory: Complex mental function having four distinct phases: (1) memorizing or learning, (2) retention, (3) recall, and (4) recognition. Clinically, it is usually subdivided into

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immediate, recent, and remote memory. [NIH] Meninges: The three membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. [NIH] Meningitis: Inflammation of the meninges. When it affects the dura mater, the disease is termed pachymeningitis; when the arachnoid and pia mater are involved, it is called leptomeningitis, or meningitis proper. [EU] Menopause: Permanent cessation of menstruation. [NIH] Menstruation: The normal physiologic discharge through the vagina of blood and mucosal tissues from the nonpregnant uterus. [NIH] Mental Disorders: Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function. [NIH] Mental Health: The state wherein the person is well adjusted. [NIH] Mental Processes: Conceptual functions or thinking in all its forms. [NIH] Mentors: Senior professionals who provide guidance, direction and support to those persons desirous of improvement in academic positions, administrative positions or other career development situations. [NIH] Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to mercury poisoning. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing. [NIH] Mesothelioma: A benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous) tumor affecting the lining of the chest or abdomen. Exposure to asbestos particles in the air increases the risk of developing malignant mesothelioma. [NIH] Meta-Analysis: A quantitative method of combining the results of independent studies (usually drawn from the published literature) and synthesizing summaries and conclusions which may be used to evaluate therapeutic effectiveness, plan new studies, etc., with application chiefly in the areas of research and medicine. [NIH] Metastasis: The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. Tumors formed from cells that have spread are called "secondary tumors" and contain cells that are like those in the original (primary) tumor. The plural is metastases. [NIH] Metastatic: Having to do with metastasis, which is the spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. [NIH] Metastatic cancer: Cancer that has spread from the place in which it started to other parts of the body. [NIH] Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA adducts in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation. [NIH] MI: Myocardial infarction. Gross necrosis of the myocardium as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area; it is almost always caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, upon which coronary thrombosis is usually superimposed. [NIH] Microbe: An organism which cannot be observed with the naked eye; e. g. unicellular animals, lower algae, lower fungi, bacteria. [NIH] Microbiology: The study of microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, algae, archaea, and viruses. [NIH]

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Microorganism: An organism that can be seen only through a microscope. Microorganisms include bacteria, protozoa, algae, and fungi. Although viruses are not considered living organisms, they are sometimes classified as microorganisms. [NIH] Microtubules: Slender, cylindrical filaments found in the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells. They are composed of the protein tubulin. [NIH] Mitochondrial Swelling: Increase in volume of mitochondria due to an influx of fluid; it occurs in hypotonic solutions due to osmotic pressure and in isotonic solutions as a result of altered permeability of the membranes of respiring mitochondria. [NIH] Mitosis: A method of indirect cell division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of chromosomes of the somatic cells of the species. [NIH] Mitotic: Cell resulting from mitosis. [NIH] Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent. [NIH] Mobilization: The process of making a fixed part or stored substance mobile, as by separating a part from surrounding structures to make it accessible for an operative procedure or by causing release into the circulation for body use of a substance stored in the body. [EU] Modeling: A treatment procedure whereby the therapist presents the target behavior which the learner is to imitate and make part of his repertoire. [NIH] Modification: A change in an organism, or in a process in an organism, that is acquired from its own activity or environment. [NIH] Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Molecule: A chemical made up of two or more atoms. The atoms in a molecule can be the same (an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) or different (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). Biological molecules, such as proteins and DNA, can be made up of many thousands of atoms. [NIH] Monitor: An apparatus which automatically records such physiological signs as respiration, pulse, and blood pressure in an anesthetized patient or one undergoing surgical or other procedures. [NIH] Monoclonal: An antibody produced by culturing a single type of cell. It therefore consists of a single species of immunoglobulin molecules. [NIH] Monoclonal antibodies: Laboratory-produced substances that can locate and bind to cancer cells wherever they are in the body. Many monoclonal antibodies are used in cancer detection or therapy; each one recognizes a different protein on certain cancer cells. Monoclonal antibodies can be used alone, or they can be used to deliver drugs, toxins, or radioactive material directly to a tumor. [NIH] Monocytes: Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate bone marrow and released into the blood; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles. [NIH] Mononuclear: A cell with one nucleus. [NIH] Monophosphate: So called second messenger for neurotransmitters and hormones. [NIH] Monosomy: The condition in which one chromosome of a pair is missing. In a normally diploid cell it is represented symbolically as 2N-1. [NIH] Monotherapy: A therapy which uses only one drug. [EU] Mucins: A secretion containing mucopolysaccharides and protein that is the chief constituent of mucus. [NIH]

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Mucositis: A complication of some cancer therapies in which the lining of the digestive system becomes inflamed. Often seen as sores in the mouth. [NIH] Mucus: The viscous secretion of mucous membranes. It contains mucin, white blood cells, water, inorganic salts, and exfoliated cells. [NIH] Multidrug resistance: Adaptation of tumor cells to anticancer drugs in ways that make the drugs less effective. [NIH] Multiple Myeloma: A malignant tumor of plasma cells usually arising in the bone marrow; characterized by diffuse involvement of the skeletal system, hyperglobulinemia, Bence-Jones proteinuria, and anemia. [NIH] Multiple sclerosis: A disorder of the central nervous system marked by weakness, numbness, a loss of muscle coordination, and problems with vision, speech, and bladder control. Multiple sclerosis is thought to be an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system destroys myelin. Myelin is a substance that contains both protein and fat (lipid) and serves as a nerve insulator and helps in the transmission of nerve signals. [NIH] Multivalent: Pertaining to a group of 5 or more homologous or partly homologous chromosomes during the zygotene stage of prophase to first metaphasis in meiosis. [NIH] Mutagenesis: Process of generating genetic mutations. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by mutagens. [NIH] Mutagenic: Inducing genetic mutation. [EU] Mutagens: Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes. [NIH] Mycophenolate mofetil: A drug that is being studied for its effectiveness in preventing graft-versus-host disease and autoimmune disorders. [NIH] Mycosis: Any disease caused by a fungus. [EU] Mycosis Fungoides: A chronic malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages the lymph nodes and viscera are affected. [NIH] Myelin: The fatty substance that covers and protects nerves. [NIH] Myelodysplasia: Abnormal bone marrow cells that may lead to myelogenous leukemia. [NIH]

Myelodysplastic syndrome: Disease in which the bone marrow does not function normally. Also called preleukemia or smoldering leukemia. [NIH] Myelogenous: Produced by, or originating in, the bone marrow. [NIH] Myeloma: Cancer that arises in plasma cells, a type of white blood cell. [NIH] Myeloproliferative Disorders: Disorders in which one or more stimuli cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. [NIH] Myelosuppression: A condition in which bone marrow activity is decreased, resulting in fewer red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Myelosuppression is a side effect of some cancer treatments. [NIH] Myocardial infarction: Gross necrosis of the myocardium as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area; it is almost always caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, upon which coronary thrombosis is usually superimposed. [NIH] Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the heart composed of striated, involuntary muscle known as cardiac muscle. [NIH] Myopathy: Any disease of a muscle. [EU]

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Naive: Used to describe an individual who has never taken a certain drug or class of drugs (e. g., AZT-naive, antiretroviral-naive), or to refer to an undifferentiated immune system cell. [NIH] Nasopharynx: The nasal part of the pharynx, lying above the level of the soft palate. [NIH] Natural killer cells: NK cells. A type of white blood cell that contains granules with enzymes that can kill tumor cells or microbial cells. Also called large granular lymphocytes (LGL). [NIH] NCI: National Cancer Institute. NCI, part of the National Institutes of Health of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, is the federal government's principal agency for cancer research. NCI conducts, coordinates, and funds cancer research, training, health information dissemination, and other programs with respect to the cause, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cancer. Access the NCI Web site at http://cancer.gov. [NIH] Necrosis: A pathological process caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes that is generally associated with severe cellular trauma. It is characterized by mitochondrial swelling, nuclear flocculation, uncontrolled cell lysis, and ultimately cell death. [NIH] Need: A state of tension or dissatisfaction felt by an individual that impels him to action toward a goal he believes will satisfy the impulse. [NIH] Needle biopsy: The removal of tissue or fluid with a needle for examination under a microscope. Also called fine-needle aspiration. [NIH] Neomycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces fradiae. It is composed of neomycins A, B, and C. It acts by inhibiting translation during protein synthesis. [NIH] Neoplasia: Abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth. [NIH] Neoplasm: A new growth of benign or malignant tissue. [NIH] Neoplastic: Pertaining to or like a neoplasm (= any new and abnormal growth); pertaining to neoplasia (= the formation of a neoplasm). [EU] Nephrosis: Descriptive histopathologic term for renal disease without an inflammatory component. [NIH] Nephrotic: Pertaining to, resembling, or caused by nephrosis. [EU] Nephrotic Syndrome: Clinical association of heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and generalized edema. [NIH] Nerve: A cordlike structure of nervous tissue that connects parts of the nervous system with other tissues of the body and conveys nervous impulses to, or away from, these tissues. [NIH] Nervous System: The entire nerve apparatus composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia. [NIH] Neural: 1. Pertaining to a nerve or to the nerves. 2. Situated in the region of the spinal axis, as the neutral arch. [EU] Neuroblastoma: Cancer that arises in immature nerve cells and affects mostly infants and children. [NIH] Neurologic: Having to do with nerves or the nervous system. [NIH] Neurology: A medical specialty concerned with the study of the structures, functions, and diseases of the nervous system. [NIH] Neuronal: Pertaining to a neuron or neurons (= conducting cells of the nervous system). [EU] Neurons: The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. [NIH]

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Neurosurgery: A surgical specialty concerned with the treatment of diseases and disorders of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral and sympathetic nervous system. [NIH] Neurotoxicity: The tendency of some treatments to cause damage to the nervous system. [NIH]

Neurotransmitters: Endogenous signaling molecules that alter the behavior of neurons or effector cells. Neurotransmitter is used here in its most general sense, including not only messengers that act directly to regulate ion channels, but also those that act through second messenger systems, and those that act at a distance from their site of release. Included are neuromodulators, neuroregulators, neuromediators, and neurohumors, whether or not acting at synapses. [NIH] Neutrons: Electrically neutral elementary particles found in all atomic nuclei except light hydrogen; the mass is equal to that of the proton and electron combined and they are unstable when isolated from the nucleus, undergoing beta decay. Slow, thermal, epithermal, and fast neutrons refer to the energy levels with which the neutrons are ejected from heavier nuclei during their decay. [NIH] Neutropenia: An abnormal decrease in the number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell. [NIH] Neutrophils: Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. [NIH] Nitrogen: An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight 14. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells. [NIH] Nonmalignant: Not cancerous. [NIH] Nonmalignant hematologic disorders: Disorders of the blood, some of which lead to leukemia. [NIH] Nuclear: A test of the structure, blood flow, and function of the kidneys. The doctor injects a mildly radioactive solution into an arm vein and uses x-rays to monitor its progress through the kidneys. [NIH] Nuclear Matrix: The fibrogranular network of residual structural elements within which are immersed both chromatin and ribonucleoproteins. It extends throughout the nuclear interior from the nucleolus to the nuclear pore complexes along the nuclear periphery. [NIH] Nuclear Pore: An opening through the nuclear envelope formed by the nuclear pore complex which transports nuclear proteins or RNA into or out of the cell nucleus and which, under some conditions, acts as an ion channel. [NIH] Nucleic acid: Either of two types of macromolecule (DNA or RNA) formed by polymerization of nucleotides. Nucleic acids are found in all living cells and contain the information (genetic code) for the transfer of genetic information from one generation to the next. [NIH] Nucleolus: A small dense body (sub organelle) within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, visible by phase contrast and interference microscopy in live cells throughout interphase. Contains RNA and protein and is the site of synthesis of ribosomal RNA. [NIH] Nucleus: A body of specialized protoplasm found in nearly all cells and containing the chromosomes. [NIH] Nurse Practitioners: Nurses who are specially trained to assume an expanded role in providing medical care under the supervision of a physician. [NIH] Occupational Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or

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biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation. [NIH] Odds Ratio: The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases. [NIH] Oncogene: A gene that normally directs cell growth. If altered, an oncogene can promote or allow the uncontrolled growth of cancer. Alterations can be inherited or caused by an environmental exposure to carcinogens. [NIH] Oncogenic: Chemical, viral, radioactive or other agent that causes cancer; carcinogenic. [NIH] Oncologist: A doctor who specializes in treating cancer. Some oncologists specialize in a particular type of cancer treatment. For example, a radiation oncologist specializes in treating cancer with radiation. [NIH] Oncology: The study of cancer. [NIH] Opacity: Degree of density (area most dense taken for reading). [NIH] Open Reading Frames: Reading frames where successive nucleotide triplets can be read as codons specifying amino acids and where the sequence of these triplets is not interrupted by stop codons. [NIH] Operon: The genetic unit consisting of a feedback system under the control of an operator gene, in which a structural gene transcribes its message in the form of mRNA upon blockade of a repressor produced by a regulator gene. Included here is the attenuator site of bacterial operons where transcription termination is regulated. [NIH] Opportunistic Infections: An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression. [NIH] Oropharynx: Oral part of the pharynx. [NIH] Osteogenic sarcoma: A malignant tumor of the bone. Also called osteosarcoma. [NIH] Osteosarcoma: A cancer of the bone that affects primarily children and adolescents. Also called osteogenic sarcoma. [NIH] Overall survival: The percentage of subjects in a study who have survived for a defined period of time. Usually reported as time since diagnosis or treatment. Often called the survival rate. [NIH] Ovulation: The discharge of a secondary oocyte from a ruptured graafian follicle. [NIH] Ovum: A female germ cell extruded from the ovary at ovulation. [NIH] P53 gene: A tumor suppressor gene that normally inhibits the growth of tumors. This gene is altered in many types of cancer. [NIH] Pachymeningitis: Inflammation of the dura mater of the brain, the spinal cord or the optic nerve. [NIH] Paclitaxel: Antineoplastic agent isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. Paclitaxel stabilizes microtubules in their polymerized form and thus mimics the action of the proto-oncogene proteins c-mos. [NIH] Paediatric: Of or relating to the care and medical treatment of children; belonging to or concerned with paediatrics. [EU] Palate: The structure that forms the roof of the mouth. It consists of the anterior hard palate and the posterior soft palate. [NIH]

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Palliative: 1. Affording relief, but not cure. 2. An alleviating medicine. [EU] Pancreas: A mixed exocrine and endocrine gland situated transversely across the posterior abdominal wall in the epigastric and hypochondriac regions. The endocrine portion is comprised of the Islets of Langerhans, while the exocrine portion is a compound acinar gland that secretes digestive enzymes. [NIH] Pancreatic: Having to do with the pancreas. [NIH] Pancreatic cancer: Cancer of the pancreas, a salivary gland of the abdomen. [NIH] Pancytopenia: Deficiency of all three cell elements of the blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. [NIH] Paraneoplastic syndrome: A group of symptoms that may develop when substances released by some cancer cells disrupt the normal function of surrounding cells and tissue. [NIH]

Parietal: 1. Of or pertaining to the walls of a cavity. 2. Pertaining to or located near the parietal bone, as the parietal lobe. [EU] Parotid: The space that contains the parotid gland, the facial nerve, the external carotid artery, and the retromandibular vein. [NIH] Partial remission: The shrinking, but not complete disappearance, of a tumor in response to therapy. Also called partial response. [NIH] Partial response: A decrease in the size of a tumor, or in the extent of cancer in the body, in response to treatment. [NIH] Particle: A tiny mass of material. [EU] Patch: A piece of material used to cover or protect a wound, an injured part, etc.: a patch over the eye. [NIH] Pathogen: Any disease-producing microorganism. [EU] Pathogenesis: The cellular events and reactions that occur in the development of disease. [NIH]

Pathologic: 1. Indicative of or caused by a morbid condition. 2. Pertaining to pathology (= branch of medicine that treats the essential nature of the disease, especially the structural and functional changes in tissues and organs of the body caused by the disease). [EU] Pathologic Processes: The abnormal mechanisms and forms involved in the dysfunctions of tissues and organs. [NIH] PDQ: Physician Data Query. PDQ is an online database developed and maintained by the National Cancer Institute. Designed to make the most current, credible, and accurate cancer information available to health professionals and the public, PDQ contains peer-reviewed summaries on cancer treatment, screening, prevention, genetics, and supportive care; a registry of cancer clinical trials from around the world; and directories of physicians, professionals who provide genetics services, and organizations that provide cancer care. Most of this information is available on the CancerNet Web site, and more specific information about PDQ can be found at http://cancernet.nci.nih.gov/pdq.html. [NIH] Pelvic: Pertaining to the pelvis. [EU] Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. The drug is effective in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly hairy-cell leukemia. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity. [NIH]

Peptide: Any compound consisting of two or more amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Peptides are combined to make proteins. [NIH]

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Pericardium: The fibroserous sac surrounding the heart and the roots of the great vessels. [NIH]

Periodontal disease: Disease involving the supporting structures of the teeth (as the gums and periodontal membranes). [NIH] Peripheral blood: Blood circulating throughout the body. [NIH] Peripheral stem cell transplantation: A method of replacing blood-forming cells destroyed by cancer treatment. Immature blood cells (stem cells) in the circulating blood that are similar to those in the bone marrow are given after treatment to help the bone marrow recover and continue producing healthy blood cells. Transplantation may be autologous (an individual's own blood cells saved earlier), allogeneic (blood cells donated by someone else), or syngeneic (blood cells donated by an identical twin). Also called peripheral stem cell support. [NIH] Peripheral stem cells: Immature cells found circulating in the bloodstream. New blood cells develop from peripheral stem cells. [NIH] Pharmacodynamics: The study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and the mechanisms of their actions, including the correlation of actions and effects of drugs with their chemical structure; also, such effects on the actions of a particular drug or drugs. [EU] Pharmacokinetic: The mathematical analysis of the time courses of absorption, distribution, and elimination of drugs. [NIH] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Pharynx: The hollow tube about 5 inches long that starts behind the nose and ends at the top of the trachea (windpipe) and esophagus (the tube that goes to the stomach). [NIH] Phenotype: The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes and between the genotype and the environment. This includes the killer phenotype, characteristic of yeasts. [NIH] Phlebotomy: The letting of blood from a vein. Although it is one of the techniques used in drawing blood to be used in diagnostic procedures, in modern medicine, it is used commonly in the treatment of erythrocytosis, hemochromocytosis, polycythemia vera, and porphyria cutanea tarda. Its historical counterpart is bloodletting. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed & Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology, 9th ed) Venipuncture is not only for the letting of blood from a vein but also for the injecting of a drug into the vein for diagnostic analysis. [NIH] Phospholipases: A class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoglycerides or glycerophosphatidates. EC 3.1.-. [NIH] Phosphorus: A non-metallic element that is found in the blood, muscles, nevers, bones, and teeth, and is a component of adenosine triphosphate (ATP; the primary energy source for the body's cells.) [NIH] Phosphorylation: The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety. [NIH] Photopheresis: A process in which peripheral blood is exposed in an extracorporeal flow system to photoactivated 8-methoxypsoralen (methoxsalen) and ultraviolet light - a procedure known as PUVA therapy. Photopheresis is at present a standard therapy for advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; it shows promise in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. [NIH] Physical Examination: Systematic and thorough inspection of the patient for physical signs of disease or abnormality. [NIH] Physiologic: Having to do with the functions of the body. When used in the phrase

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"physiologic age," it refers to an age assigned by general health, as opposed to calendar age. [NIH]

Physiology: The science that deals with the life processes and functions of organismus, their cells, tissues, and organs. [NIH] Phytohemagglutinins: Mucoproteins isolated from the kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris); some of them are mitogenic to lymphocytes, others agglutinate all or certain types of erythrocytes or lymphocytes. They are used mainly in the study of immune mechanisms and in cell culture. [NIH] Phytotoxin: A substance which is toxic for plants. [NIH] Pigment: A substance that gives color to tissue. Pigments are responsible for the color of skin, eyes, and hair. [NIH] Pilot Projects: Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work. [NIH] Pilot study: The initial study examining a new method or treatment. [NIH] Pituitary Gland: A small, unpaired gland situated in the sella turcica tissue. It is connected to the hypothalamus by a short stalk. [NIH] Placenta: A highly vascular fetal organ through which the fetus absorbs oxygen and other nutrients and excretes carbon dioxide and other wastes. It begins to form about the eighth day of gestation when the blastocyst adheres to the decidua. [NIH] Placental blood transplantation: The transfer of blood from a placenta to an individual whose own blood production system is suppressed. Placental blood contains high levels of stem cells needed to produce new blood cells. It is being studied in the treatment of cancer and severe blood disorders such as aplastic anemia. Also called umbilical cord blood transplant. [NIH] Plants: Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of the kingdom Plantae. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (meristems); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absense of nervous and sensory systems; and an alteration of haploid and diploid generations. [NIH] Plasma: The clear, yellowish, fluid part of the blood that carries the blood cells. The proteins that form blood clots are in plasma. [NIH] Plasma cells: A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies. [NIH] Plasmid: An autonomously replicating, extra-chromosomal DNA molecule found in many bacteria. Plasmids are widely used as carriers of cloned genes. [NIH] Plasmin: A product of the lysis of plasminogen (profibrinolysin) by plasminogen activators. It is composed of two polypeptide chains, light (B) and heavy (A), with a molecular weight of 75,000. It is the major proteolytic enzyme involved in blood clot retraction or the lysis of fibrin and quickly inactivated by antiplasmins. EC 3.4.21.7. [NIH] Plasminogen: Precursor of fibrinolysin (plasmin). It is a single-chain beta-globulin of molecular weight 80-90,000 found mostly in association with fibrinogen in plasma; plasminogen activators change it to fibrinolysin. It is used in wound debriding and has been investigated as a thrombolytic agent. [NIH] Platelet Activation: A series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug. [NIH]

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Platelet Aggregation: The attachment of platelets to one another. This clumping together can be induced by a number of agents (e.g., thrombin, collagen) and is part of the mechanism leading to the formation of a thrombus. [NIH] Platelets: A type of blood cell that helps prevent bleeding by causing blood clots to form. Also called thrombocytes. [NIH] Platinum: Platinum. A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.09, symbol Pt. (From Dorland, 28th ed) It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as "alutiae". [NIH]

Pleura: The thin serous membrane enveloping the lungs and lining the thoracic cavity. [NIH] Pleural: A circumscribed area of hyaline whorled fibrous tissue which appears on the surface of the parietal pleura, on the fibrous part of the diaphragm or on the pleura in the interlobar fissures. [NIH] Ploidy: The number of sets of chromosomes in a cell or an organism. For example, haploid means one set and diploid means two sets. [NIH] Pneumonitis: A disease caused by inhaling a wide variety of substances such as dusts and molds. Also called "farmer's disease". [NIH] Podophyllotoxin: The main active constituent of the resin from the roots of may apple or mandrake (Podophyllum peltatum and P. emodi). It is a potent spindle poison, toxic if taken internally, and has been used as a cathartic. It is very irritating to skin and mucous membranes, has keratolytic actions, has been used to treat warts and keratoses, and may have antineoplastic properties, as do some of its congeners and derivatives. [NIH] Poisoning: A condition or physical state produced by the ingestion, injection or inhalation of, or exposure to a deleterious agent. [NIH] Polymerase: An enzyme which catalyses the synthesis of DNA using a single DNA strand as a template. The polymerase copies the template in the 5'-3'direction provided that sufficient quantities of free nucleotides, dATP and dTTP are present. [NIH] Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships. [NIH] Polymorphic: Occurring in several or many forms; appearing in different forms at different stages of development. [EU] Polymorphism: The occurrence together of two or more distinct forms in the same population. [NIH] Polypeptide: A peptide which on hydrolysis yields more than two amino acids; called tripeptides, tetrapeptides, etc. according to the number of amino acids contained. [EU] Polyposis: The development of numerous polyps (growths that protrude from a mucous membrane). [NIH] Polysaccharide: A type of carbohydrate. It contains sugar molecules that are linked together chemically. [NIH] Pons: The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the

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mesencephalon, ventral to the cerebellum, and consisting of a pars dorsalis and a pars ventralis. [NIH] Population Control: Includes mechanisms or programs which control the numbers of individuals in a population of humans or animals. [NIH] Porphyria: A group of disorders characterized by the excessive production of porphyrins or their precursors that arises from abnormalities in the regulation of the porphyrin-heme pathway. The porphyrias are usually divided into three broad groups, erythropoietic, hepatic, and erythrohepatic, according to the major sites of abnormal porphyrin synthesis. [NIH]

Porphyria Cutanea Tarda: A form of hepatic porphyria (porphyria, hepatic) characterized by photosensitivity resulting in bullae that rupture easily to form shallow ulcers. This condition occurs in two forms: a sporadic, nonfamilial form that begins in middle age and has normal amounts of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase with diminished activity in the liver; and a familial form in which there is an autosomal dominant inherited deficiency of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase in the liver and red blood cells. [NIH] Posterior: Situated in back of, or in the back part of, or affecting the back or dorsal surface of the body. In lower animals, it refers to the caudal end of the body. [EU] Postnatal: Occurring after birth, with reference to the newborn. [EU] Postsynaptic: Nerve potential generated by an inhibitory hyperpolarizing stimulation. [NIH] Potentiates: A degree of synergism which causes the exposure of the organism to a harmful substance to worsen a disease already contracted. [NIH] Potentiation: An overall effect of two drugs taken together which is greater than the sum of the effects of each drug taken alone. [NIH] Practicability: A non-standard characteristic of an analytical procedure. It is dependent on the scope of the method and is determined by requirements such as sample throughout and costs. [NIH] Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH] Preclinical: Before a disease becomes clinically recognizable. [EU] Precursor: Something that precedes. In biological processes, a substance from which another, usually more active or mature substance is formed. In clinical medicine, a sign or symptom that heralds another. [EU] Predictive factor: A situation or condition that may increase a person's risk of developing a certain disease or disorder. [NIH] Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states. [NIH] Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from cortisone. It is biologically inert and converted to prednisolone in the liver. [NIH] Preleukemia: Conditions in which the abnormalities in the peripheral blood or bone marrow represent the early manifestations of acute leukemia, but in which the changes are not of sufficient magnitude or specificity to permit a diagnosis of acute leukemia by the usual clinical criteria. [NIH]

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Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from incidence, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time. [NIH] Primary tumor: The original tumor. [NIH] Probe: An instrument used in exploring cavities, or in the detection and dilatation of strictures, or in demonstrating the potency of channels; an elongated instrument for exploring or sounding body cavities. [NIH] Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. [NIH] Progesterone: Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. The principal progestational hormone of the body, secreted by the corpus luteum, adrenal cortex, and placenta. Its chief function is to prepare the uterus for the reception and development of the fertilized ovum. It acts as an antiovulatory agent when administered on days 5-25 of the menstrual cycle. [NIH] Prognostic factor: A situation or condition, or a characteristic of a patient, that can be used to estimate the chance of recovery from a disease, or the chance of the disease recurring (coming back). [NIH] Progression: Increase in the size of a tumor or spread of cancer in the body. [NIH] Progressive: Advancing; going forward; going from bad to worse; increasing in scope or severity. [EU] Promoter: A chemical substance that increases the activity of a carcinogenic process. [NIH] Promyelocytic leukemia: A type of acute myeloid leukemia, a quickly progressing disease in which too many immature blood-forming cells are found in the blood and bone marrow. [NIH]

Prophase: The first phase of cell division, in which the chromosomes become visible, the nucleus starts to lose its identity, the spindle appears, and the centrioles migrate toward opposite poles. [NIH] Prophylaxis: An attempt to prevent disease. [NIH] Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group. [NIH] Prospective study: An epidemiologic study in which a group of individuals (a cohort), all free of a particular disease and varying in their exposure to a possible risk factor, is followed over a specific amount of time to determine the incidence rates of the disease in the exposed and unexposed groups. [NIH] Prostate: A gland in males that surrounds the neck of the bladder and the urethra. It secretes a substance that liquifies coagulated semen. It is situated in the pelvic cavity behind the lower part of the pubic symphysis, above the deep layer of the triangular ligament, and rests upon the rectum. [NIH] Protease: Proteinase (= any enzyme that catalyses the splitting of interior peptide bonds in a protein). [EU] Protein C: A vitamin-K dependent zymogen present in the blood, which, upon activation by thrombin and thrombomodulin exerts anticoagulant properties by inactivating factors Va and VIIIa at the rate-limiting steps of thrombin formation. [NIH] Protein S: The vitamin K-dependent cofactor of activated protein C. Together with protein C, it inhibits the action of factors VIIIa and Va. A deficiency in protein S can lead to

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recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis. [NIH] Proteins: Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function of the protein. [NIH] Proteinuria: The presence of protein in the urine, indicating that the kidneys are not working properly. [NIH] Proteolytic: 1. Pertaining to, characterized by, or promoting proteolysis. 2. An enzyme that promotes proteolysis (= the splitting of proteins by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds with formation of smaller polypeptides). [EU] Protocol: The detailed plan for a clinical trial that states the trial's rationale, purpose, drug or vaccine dosages, length of study, routes of administration, who may participate, and other aspects of trial design. [NIH] Protons: Stable elementary particles having the smallest known positive charge, found in the nuclei of all elements. The proton mass is less than that of a neutron. A proton is the nucleus of the light hydrogen atom, i.e., the hydrogen ion. [NIH] Proto-Oncogene Proteins: Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity. [NIH] Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mos: Cellular proteins encoded by the c-mos genes. They function in the cell cycle to maintain maturation promoting factor in the active state and have protein-serine/threonine kinase activity. Oncogenic transformation can take place when c-mos proteins are expressed at the wrong time. [NIH] Psychiatric: Pertaining to or within the purview of psychiatry. [EU] Psychiatry: The medical science that deals with the origin, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders. [NIH] Psychology: The science dealing with the study of mental processes and behavior in man and animals. [NIH] Public Health: Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level. [NIH] Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions. [NIH] Publishing: "The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing. [NIH]

Pulmonary: Relating to the lungs. [NIH] Pulse: The rhythmical expansion and contraction of an artery produced by waves of pressure caused by the ejection of blood from the left ventricle of the heart as it contracts. [NIH]

Purpura: Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. [NIH] Quality of Life: A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment. [NIH] Quiescent: Marked by a state of inactivity or repose. [EU] Race: A population within a species which exhibits general similarities within itself, but is both discontinuous and distinct from other populations of that species, though not

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sufficiently so as to achieve the status of a taxon. [NIH] Radiation: Emission or propagation of electromagnetic energy (waves/rays), or the waves/rays themselves; a stream of electromagnetic particles (electrons, neutrons, protons, alpha particles) or a mixture of these. The most common source is the sun. [NIH] Radiation oncologist: A doctor who specializes in using radiation to treat cancer. [NIH] Radiation therapy: The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy), or it may come from radioactive material placed in the body in the area near cancer cells (internal radiation therapy, implant radiation, or brachytherapy). Systemic radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that circulates throughout the body. Also called radiotherapy. [NIH] Radioactive: Giving off radiation. [NIH] Radiobiology: That part of biology which deals with the effects of radiation on living organisms. [NIH] Radioimmunotherapy: Radiotherapy where cytotoxic radionuclides are linked to antibodies in order to deliver toxins directly to tumor targets. Therapy with targeted radiation rather than antibody-targeted toxins (immunotoxins) has the advantage that adjacent tumor cells, which lack the appropriate antigenic determinants, can be destroyed by radiation cross-fire. Radioimmunotherapy is sometimes called targeted radiotherapy, but this latter term can also refer to radionuclides linked to non-immune molecules (radiotherapy). [NIH] Radiolabeled: Any compound that has been joined with a radioactive substance. [NIH] Radiological: Pertaining to radiodiagnostic and radiotherapeutic procedures, and interventional radiology or other planning and guiding medical radiology. [NIH] Radiology: A specialty concerned with the use of x-ray and other forms of radiant energy in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. [NIH] Radiotherapy: The use of ionizing radiation to treat malignant neoplasms and other benign conditions. The most common forms of ionizing radiation used as therapy are x-rays, gamma rays, and electrons. A special form of radiotherapy, targeted radiotherapy, links a cytotoxic radionuclide to a molecule that targets the tumor. When this molecule is an antibody or other immunologic molecule, the technique is called radioimmunotherapy. [NIH] Randomized: Describes an experiment or clinical trial in which animal or human subjects are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments. [NIH] Randomized clinical trial: A study in which the participants are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments; neither the researchers nor the participants can choose which group. Using chance to assign people to groups means that the groups will be similar and that the treatments they receive can be compared objectively. At the time of the trial, it is not known which treatment is best. It is the patient's choice to be in a randomized trial. [NIH] Reactivation: The restoration of activity to something that has been inactivated. [EU] Reading Frames: The sequence of codons by which translation may occur. A segment of mRNA 5'AUCCGA3' could be translated in three reading frames, 5'AUC. or 5'UCC. or 5'CCG., depending on the location of the start codon. [NIH] Receptor: A molecule inside or on the surface of a cell that binds to a specific substance and causes a specific physiologic effect in the cell. [NIH] Recombinant: A cell or an individual with a new combination of genes not found together

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in either parent; usually applied to linked genes. [EU] Recombination: The formation of new combinations of genes as a result of segregation in crosses between genetically different parents; also the rearrangement of linked genes due to crossing-over. [NIH] Reconstitution: 1. A type of regeneration in which a new organ forms by the rearrangement of tissues rather than from new formation at an injured surface. 2. The restoration to original form of a substance previously altered for preservation and storage, as the restoration to a liquid state of blood serum or plasma that has been dried and stored. [EU] Rectum: The last 8 to 10 inches of the large intestine. [NIH] Recur: To occur again. Recurrence is the return of cancer, at the same site as the original (primary) tumor or in another location, after the tumor had disappeared. [NIH] Recurrence: The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission. [NIH] Red blood cells: RBCs. Cells that carry oxygen to all parts of the body. Also called erythrocytes. [NIH] Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH] Refraction: A test to determine the best eyeglasses or contact lenses to correct a refractive error (myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism). [NIH] Refractory: Not readily yielding to treatment. [EU] Regeneration: The natural renewal of a structure, as of a lost tissue or part. [EU] Regimen: A treatment plan that specifies the dosage, the schedule, and the duration of treatment. [NIH] Registries: The systems and processes involved in the establishment, support, management, and operation of registers, e.g., disease registers. [NIH] Regression Analysis: Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see linear models) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and least-squares analysis is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see logistic models) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and likelihood functions are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable. [NIH]

Relapse: The return of signs and symptoms of cancer after a period of improvement. [NIH] Relative Biological Effectiveness: The ratio of radiation dosages required to produce identical change based on a formula comparing other types of radiation with that of gamma or Roentgen rays. [NIH] Relative risk: The ratio of the incidence rate of a disease among individuals exposed to a specific risk factor to the incidence rate among unexposed individuals; synonymous with risk ratio. Alternatively, the ratio of the cumulative incidence rate in the exposed to the cumulative incidence rate in the unexposed (cumulative incidence ratio). The term relative risk has also been used synonymously with odds ratio. This is because the odds ratio and relative risk approach each other if the disease is rare ( 5 percent of population) and the number of subjects is large. [NIH] Remission: A decrease in or disappearance of signs and symptoms of cancer. In partial remission, some, but not all, signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared. In complete remission, all signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared, although there still may be cancer in the body. [NIH]

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Renal Artery: A branch of the abdominal aorta which supplies the kidneys, adrenal glands and ureters. [NIH] Repopulation: The replacement of functional cells, usually by proliferation, following or during irradiation. [NIH] Repressor: Any of the specific allosteric protein molecules, products of regulator genes, which bind to the operator of operons and prevent RNA polymerase from proceeding into the operon to transcribe messenger RNA. [NIH] Research Personnel: Those individuals engaged in research. [NIH] Resection: Removal of tissue or part or all of an organ by surgery. [NIH] Residual disease: Cancer cells that remain after attempts have been made to remove the cancer. [NIH] Resorption: The loss of substance through physiologic or pathologic means, such as loss of dentin and cementum of a tooth, or of the alveolar process of the mandible or maxilla. [EU] Respiration: The act of breathing with the lungs, consisting of inspiration, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of expiration, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more carbon dioxide than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= oxygen consumption) or cell respiration (= cell respiration). [NIH] Response rate: The percentage of patients whose cancer shrinks or disappears after treatment. [NIH] Restoration: Broad term applied to any inlay, crown, bridge or complete denture which restores or replaces loss of teeth or oral tissues. [NIH] Reticuloendotheliosis: Hyperplasia of reticuloendothelial tissue, in any organ or tissue. A related concept is reticulosis which is an increase in reticuloendothelial elements. [NIH] Retinal: 1. Pertaining to the retina. 2. The aldehyde of retinol, derived by the oxidative enzymatic splitting of absorbed dietary carotene, and having vitamin A activity. In the retina, retinal combines with opsins to form visual pigments. One isomer, 11-cis retinal combines with opsin in the rods (scotopsin) to form rhodopsin, or visual purple. Another, all-trans retinal (trans-r.); visual yellow; xanthopsin) results from the bleaching of rhodopsin by light, in which the 11-cis form is converted to the all-trans form. Retinal also combines with opsins in the cones (photopsins) to form the three pigments responsible for colour vision. Called also retinal, and retinene1. [EU] Retinoblastoma: An eye cancer that most often occurs in children younger than 5 years. It occurs in hereditary and nonhereditary (sporadic) forms. [NIH] Retroviral vector: RNA from a virus that is used to insert genetic material into cells. [NIH] Retrovirus: A member of a group of RNA viruses, the RNA of which is copied during viral replication into DNA by reverse transcriptase. The viral DNA is then able to be integrated into the host chromosomal DNA. [NIH] Rhabdomyosarcoma: A malignant tumor of muscle tissue. [NIH] Ribonucleoproteins: Proteins conjugated with ribonucleic acids (RNA) or specific RNA. Many viruses are ribonucleoproteins. [NIH] Ribose: A pentose active in biological systems usually in its D-form. [NIH] Ricin: A protein phytotoxin from the seeds of Ricinus communis, the castor oil plant. It agglutinates cells, is proteolytic, and causes lethal inflammation and hemorrhage if taken internally. [NIH] Risk factor: A habit, trait, condition, or genetic alteration that increases a person's chance of

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developing a disease. [NIH] Rituximab: A type of monoclonal antibody used in cancer detection or therapy. Monoclonal antibodies are laboratory-produced substances that can locate and bind to cancer cells. [NIH] Saliva: The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains mucins, water, organic salts, and ptylin. [NIH] Salivary: The duct that convey saliva to the mouth. [NIH] Salivary glands: Glands in the mouth that produce saliva. [NIH] Salvage Therapy: A therapeutic approach, involving chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery, after initial regimens have failed to lead to improvement in a patient's condition. Salvage therapy is most often used for neoplastic diseases. [NIH] Sarcoid: A cutaneus lesion occurring as a manifestation of sarcoidosis. [NIH] Sarcoidosis: An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands. [NIH] Sarcoma: A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant. [NIH] Scans: Pictures of structures inside the body. Scans often used in diagnosing, staging, and monitoring disease include liver scans, bone scans, and computed tomography (CT) or computerized axial tomography (CAT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. In liver scanning and bone scanning, radioactive substances that are injected into the bloodstream collect in these organs. A scanner that detects the radiation is used to create pictures. In CT scanning, an x-ray machine linked to a computer is used to produce detailed pictures of organs inside the body. MRI scans use a large magnet connected to a computer to create pictures of areas inside the body. [NIH] Scleroderma: A chronic disorder marked by hardening and thickening of the skin. Scleroderma can be localized or it can affect the entire body (systemic). [NIH] Sclerosis: A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve. [NIH] Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH] Second cancer: Refers to a new primary cancer that is caused by previous cancer treatment, or a new primary cancer in a person with a history of cancer. [NIH] Secretion: 1. The process of elaborating a specific product as a result of the activity of a gland; this activity may range from separating a specific substance of the blood to the elaboration of a new chemical substance. 2. Any substance produced by secretion. [EU] Segmental: Describing or pertaining to a structure which is repeated in similar form in successive segments of an organism, or which is undergoing segmentation. [NIH] Segmentation: The process by which muscles in the intestines move food and wastes through the body. [NIH] Segregation: The separation in meiotic cell division of homologous chromosome pairs and their contained allelomorphic gene pairs. [NIH] Seizures: Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as epilepsy or "seizure disorder." [NIH] Selective estrogen receptor modulator: SERM. A drug that acts like estrogen on some

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tissues, but blocks the effect of estrogen on other tissues. Tamoxifen and raloxifene are SERMs. [NIH] Semen: The thick, yellowish-white, viscid fluid secretion of male reproductive organs discharged upon ejaculation. In addition to reproductive organ secretions, it contains spermatozoa and their nutrient plasma. [NIH] Semisynthetic: Produced by chemical manipulation of naturally occurring substances. [EU] Septicemia: Systemic disease associated with the presence and persistence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins in the blood. Called also blood poisoning. [EU] Sequence Analysis: A multistage process that includes the determination of a sequence (protein, carbohydrate, etc.), its fragmentation and analysis, and the interpretation of the resulting sequence information. [NIH] Sequencing: The determination of the order of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA chain. [NIH] Serologic: Analysis of a person's serum, especially specific immune or lytic serums. [NIH] Serology: The study of serum, especially of antigen-antibody reactions in vitro. [NIH] Serotonin: A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-tryptophan. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (receptors, serotonin) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator. [NIH] Serous: Having to do with serum, the clear liquid part of blood. [NIH] Serum: The clear liquid part of the blood that remains after blood cells and clotting proteins have been removed. [NIH] Sex Characteristics: Those characteristics that distinguish one sex from the other. The primary sex characteristics are the ovaries and testes and their related hormones. Secondary sex characteristics are those which are masculine or feminine but not directly related to reproduction. [NIH] Shame: An emotional attitude excited by realization of a shortcoming or impropriety. [NIH] Shedding: Release of infectious particles (e. g., bacteria, viruses) into the environment, for example by sneezing, by fecal excretion, or from an open lesion. [NIH] Side effect: A consequence other than the one(s) for which an agent or measure is used, as the adverse effects produced by a drug, especially on a tissue or organ system other than the one sought to be benefited by its administration. [EU] Signal Transduction: The intercellular or intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GABA-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptormediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway. [NIH]

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Signs and Symptoms: Clinical manifestations that can be either objective when observed by a physician, or subjective when perceived by the patient. [NIH] Single-agent: The use of a single drug or other therapy. [NIH] Sister Chromatid Exchange: An exchange of segments between the sister chromatids of a chromosome, either between the sister chromatids of a meiotic tetrad or between the sister chromatids of a duplicated somatic chromosome. Its frequency is increased by ultraviolet and ionizing radiation and other mutagenic agents and is particularly high in Bloom syndrome. [NIH] Skeletal: Having to do with the skeleton (boney part of the body). [NIH] Skeleton: The framework that supports the soft tissues of vertebrate animals and protects many of their internal organs. The skeletons of vertebrates are made of bone and/or cartilage. [NIH] Skull: The skeleton of the head including the bones of the face and the bones enclosing the brain. [NIH] Small cell lung cancer: A type of lung cancer in which the cells appear small and round when viewed under the microscope. Also called oat cell lung cancer. [NIH] Small intestine: The part of the digestive tract that is located between the stomach and the large intestine. [NIH] Smoldering leukemia: Disease in which the bone marrow does not function normally. Also called preleukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome. [NIH] Social Environment: The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community. [NIH] Social Support: Support systems that provide assistance and encouragement to individuals with physical or emotional disabilities in order that they may better cope. Informal social support is usually provided by friends, relatives, or peers, while formal assistance is provided by churches, groups, etc. [NIH] Soft tissue: Refers to muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, or other supporting tissue of the body. [NIH] Soft tissue sarcoma: A sarcoma that begins in the muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, or other supporting tissue of the body. [NIH] Solid tumor: Cancer of body tissues other than blood, bone marrow, or the lymphatic system. [NIH] Soma: The body as distinct from the mind; all the body tissue except the germ cells; all the axial body. [NIH] Somatic: 1. Pertaining to or characteristic of the soma or body. 2. Pertaining to the body wall in contrast to the viscera. [EU] Somatic mutations: Alterations in DNA that occur after conception. Somatic mutations can occur in any of the cells of the body except the germ cells (sperm and egg) and therefore are not passed on to children. These alterations can (but do not always) cause cancer or other diseases. [NIH] Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Species: A taxonomic category subordinate to a genus (or subgenus) and superior to a subspecies or variety, composed of individuals possessing common characters distinguishing them from other categories of individuals of the same taxonomic level. In taxonomic nomenclature, species are designated by the genus name followed by a Latin or Latinized adjective or noun. [EU]

296 Hodgkin’s Disease

Specificity: Degree of selectivity shown by an antibody with respect to the number and types of antigens with which the antibody combines, as well as with respect to the rates and the extents of these reactions. [NIH] Spectrum: A charted band of wavelengths of electromagnetic vibrations obtained by refraction and diffraction. By extension, a measurable range of activity, such as the range of bacteria affected by an antibiotic (antibacterial s.) or the complete range of manifestations of a disease. [EU] Sperm: The fecundating fluid of the male. [NIH] Spermatogenesis: Process of formation and development of spermatozoa, including spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis. [NIH] Spermatozoa: Mature male germ cells that develop in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. Each consists of a head, a body, and a tail that provides propulsion. The head consists mainly of chromatin. [NIH] Spinal cord: The main trunk or bundle of nerves running down the spine through holes in the spinal bone (the vertebrae) from the brain to the level of the lower back. [NIH] Spinal tap: A procedure in which a needle is put into the lower part of the spinal column to collect cerebrospinal fluid or to give anticancer drugs intrathecally. Also called a lumbar puncture. [NIH] Spleen: An organ that is part of the lymphatic system. The spleen produces lymphocytes, filters the blood, stores blood cells, and destroys old blood cells. It is located on the left side of the abdomen near the stomach. [NIH] Splenectomy: An operation to remove the spleen. [NIH] Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the spleen. [NIH] Sporadic: Neither endemic nor epidemic; occurring occasionally in a random or isolated manner. [EU] Squamous: Scaly, or platelike. [EU] Squamous cell carcinoma: Cancer that begins in squamous cells, which are thin, flat cells resembling fish scales. Squamous cells are found in the tissue that forms the surface of the skin, the lining of the hollow organs of the body, and the passages of the respiratory and digestive tracts. Also called epidermoid carcinoma. [NIH] Squamous cell carcinoma: Cancer that begins in squamous cells, which are thin, flat cells resembling fish scales. Squamous cells are found in the tissue that forms the surface of the skin, the lining of the hollow organs of the body, and the passages of the respiratory and digestive tracts. Also called epidermoid carcinoma. [NIH] Squamous cells: Flat cells that look like fish scales under a microscope. These cells cover internal and external surfaces of the body. [NIH] Staging: Performing exams and tests to learn the extent of the cancer within the body, especially whether the disease has spread from the original site to other parts of the body. [NIH]

Standard therapy: A currently accepted and widely used treatment for a certain type of cancer, based on the results of past research. [NIH] Statistically significant: Describes a mathematical measure of difference between groups. The difference is said to be statistically significant if it is greater than what might be expected to happen by chance alone. [NIH] Stem cell transplantation: A method of replacing immature blood-forming cells that were destroyed by cancer treatment. The stem cells are given to the person after treatment to help

Dictionary 297

the bone marrow recover and continue producing healthy blood cells. [NIH] Stem Cells: Relatively undifferentiated cells of the same lineage (family type) that retain the ability to divide and cycle throughout postnatal life to provide cells that can become specialized and take the place of those that die or are lost. [NIH] Stereotactic: Radiotherapy that treats brain tumors by using a special frame affixed directly to the patient's cranium. By aiming the X-ray source with respect to the rigid frame, technicians can position the beam extremely precisely during each treatment. [NIH] Sterility: 1. The inability to produce offspring, i.e., the inability to conceive (female s.) or to induce conception (male s.). 2. The state of being aseptic, or free from microorganisms. [EU] Stimulant: 1. Producing stimulation; especially producing stimulation by causing tension on muscle fibre through the nervous tissue. 2. An agent or remedy that produces stimulation. [EU]

Stimulus: That which can elicit or evoke action (response) in a muscle, nerve, gland or other excitable issue, or cause an augmenting action upon any function or metabolic process. [NIH] Stomach: An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum. [NIH] Strand: DNA normally exists in the bacterial nucleus in a helix, in which two strands are coiled together. [NIH] Stress: Forcibly exerted influence; pressure. Any condition or situation that causes strain or tension. Stress may be either physical or psychologic, or both. [NIH] Stroke: Sudden loss of function of part of the brain because of loss of blood flow. Stroke may be caused by a clot (thrombosis) or rupture (hemorrhage) of a blood vessel to the brain. [NIH] Subacute: Somewhat acute; between acute and chronic. [EU] Subclinical: Without clinical manifestations; said of the early stage(s) of an infection or other disease or abnormality before symptoms and signs become apparent or detectable by clinical examination or laboratory tests, or of a very mild form of an infection or other disease or abnormality. [EU] Subcutaneous: Beneath the skin. [NIH] Substance P: An eleven-amino acid neurotransmitter that appears in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is involved in transmission of pain, causes rapid contractions of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle, and modulates inflammatory and immune responses. [NIH]

Substrate: A substance upon which an enzyme acts. [EU] Support group: A group of people with similar disease who meet to discuss how better to cope with their cancer and treatment. [NIH] Supportive care: Treatment given to prevent, control, or relieve complications and side effects and to improve the comfort and quality of life of people who have cancer. [NIH] Suppression: A conscious exclusion of disapproved desire contrary with repression, in which the process of exclusion is not conscious. [NIH] Suppurative: Consisting of, containing, associated with, or identified by the formation of pus. [NIH] Survival Rate: The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods. [NIH] Sympathetic Nervous System: The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous

298 Hodgkin’s Disease

system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the body's response to stressful situations, i.e., the fight or flight reactions. It often acts reciprocally to the parasympathetic system. [NIH] Symphysis: A secondary cartilaginous joint. [NIH] Synaptic: Pertaining to or affecting a synapse (= site of functional apposition between neurons, at which an impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another by electrical or chemical means); pertaining to synapsis (= pairing off in point-for-point association of homologous chromosomes from the male and female pronuclei during the early prophase of meiosis). [EU] Synchrony: The normal physiologic sequencing of atrial and ventricular activation and contraction. [NIH] Synergistic: Acting together; enhancing the effect of another force or agent. [EU] Systemic: Affecting the entire body. [NIH] Systemic lupus erythematosus: SLE. A chronic inflammatory connective tissue disease marked by skin rashes, joint pain and swelling, inflammation of the kidneys, inflammation of the fibrous tissue surrounding the heart (i.e., the pericardium), as well as other problems. Not all affected individuals display all of these problems. May be referred to as lupus. [NIH] Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro. [NIH] Tamoxifen: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). It acts as an agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is an estrogen antagonist in mammary and uterine. [NIH] Telomere: A terminal section of a chromosome which has a specialized structure and which is involved in chromosomal replication and stability. Its length is believed to be a few hundred base pairs. [NIH] Temporal: One of the two irregular bones forming part of the lateral surfaces and base of the skull, and containing the organs of hearing. [NIH] Teratogenic: Tending to produce anomalies of formation, or teratism (= anomaly of formation or development : condition of a monster). [EU] Testicular: Pertaining to a testis. [EU] Testis: Either of the paired male reproductive glands that produce the male germ cells and the male hormones. [NIH] Thalassemia: A group of hereditary hemolytic anemias in which there is decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains. There are several genetic types with clinical pictures ranging from barely detectable hematologic abnormality to severe and fatal anemia. [NIH] Therapeutics: The branch of medicine which is concerned with the treatment of diseases, palliative or curative. [NIH] Thermal: Pertaining to or characterized by heat. [EU] Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed). [NIH]

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Thoracic: Having to do with the chest. [NIH] Thorax: A part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen; the chest. [NIH] Thrombin: An enzyme formed from prothrombin that converts fibrinogen to fibrin. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.4.21.5. [NIH] Thrombocytes: Blood cells that help prevent bleeding by causing blood clots to form. Also called platelets. [NIH] Thrombocytopenia: A decrease in the number of blood platelets. [NIH] Thrombomodulin: A cell surface glycoprotein of endothelial cells that binds thrombin and serves as a cofactor in the activation of protein C and its regulation of blood coagulation. [NIH]

Thrombophlebitis: Inflammation of a vein associated with thrombus formation. [NIH] Thrombosis: The formation or presence of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. [NIH] Thrombus: An aggregation of blood factors, primarily platelets and fibrin with entrapment of cellular elements, frequently causing vascular obstruction at the point of its formation. Some authorities thus differentiate thrombus formation from simple coagulation or clot formation. [EU] Thymidine: A chemical compound found in DNA. Also used as treatment for mucositis. [NIH]

Thymidine Kinase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP and thymidine to ADP and thymidine 5'-phosphate. Deoxyuridine can also act as an acceptor and dGTP as a donor. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.1.21. [NIH] Thymus: An organ that is part of the lymphatic system, in which T lymphocytes grow and multiply. The thymus is in the chest behind the breastbone. [NIH] Thyroid: A gland located near the windpipe (trachea) that produces thyroid hormone, which helps regulate growth and metabolism. [NIH] Thyroid Gland: A highly vascular endocrine gland consisting of two lobes, one on either side of the trachea, joined by a narrow isthmus; it produces the thyroid hormones which are concerned in regulating the metabolic rate of the body. [NIH] Thyroiditis: Inflammation of the thyroid gland. [NIH] Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Tomography: Imaging methods that result in sharp images of objects located on a chosen plane and blurred images located above or below the plane. [NIH] Tonsil: A round-to-oval mass of lymphoid tissue embedded in the lateral wall of the pharynx situated on each side of the fauces, between the anterior and posterior pillars of the soft palate. [NIH] Tooth Preparation: Procedures carried out with regard to the teeth or tooth structures preparatory to specified dental therapeutic and surgical measures. [NIH] Total-body irradiation: Radiation therapy to the entire body. Usually followed by bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantation. [NIH] Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicity: The quality of being poisonous, especially the degree of virulence of a toxic microbe or of a poison. [EU] Toxicokinetics: Study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of test

300 Hodgkin’s Disease

substances. [NIH] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Toxins: Specific, characterizable, poisonous chemicals, often proteins, with specific biological properties, including immunogenicity, produced by microbes, higher plants, or animals. [NIH] Trace element: Substance or element essential to plant or animal life, but present in extremely small amounts. [NIH] Transcriptase: An enzyme which catalyses the synthesis of a complementary mRNA molecule from a DNA template in the presence of a mixture of the four ribonucleotides (ATP, UTP, GTP and CTP). [NIH] Transcription Factors: Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process. [NIH] Transduction: The transfer of genes from one cell to another by means of a viral (in the case of bacteria, a bacteriophage) vector or a vector which is similar to a virus particle (pseudovirion). [NIH] Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA into cells, usually eukaryotic. It is analogous to bacterial transformation. [NIH] Transfer Factor: Factor derived from leukocyte lysates of immune donors which can transfer both local and systemic cellular immunity to nonimmune recipients. [NIH] Translation: The process whereby the genetic information present in the linear sequence of ribonucleotides in mRNA is converted into a corresponding sequence of amino acids in a protein. It occurs on the ribosome and is unidirectional. [NIH] Translational: The cleavage of signal sequence that directs the passage of the protein through a cell or organelle membrane. [NIH] Translocation: The movement of material in solution inside the body of the plant. [NIH] Transplantation: Transference of a tissue or organ, alive or dead, within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species. [NIH] Trauma: Any injury, wound, or shock, must frequently physical or structural shock, producing a disturbance. [NIH] Treatment Failure: A measure of the quality of health care by assessment of unsuccessful results of management and procedures used in combating disease, in individual cases or series. [NIH] Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, practicability, etc., of these interventions in individual cases or series. [NIH]

Trisomy: The possession of a third chromosome of any one type in an otherwise diploid cell. [NIH]

Tropism: Directed movements and orientations found in plants, such as the turning of the sunflower to face the sun. [NIH] Tubulin: A microtubule subunit protein found in large quantities in mammalian brain. It has also been isolated from sperm flagella, cilia, and other sources. Structurally, the protein is a dimer with a molecular weight of approximately 120,000 and a sedimentation coefficient of 5.8S. It binds to colchicine, vincristine, and vinblastine. [NIH]

Dictionary 301

Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes: White blood cells that have left the bloodstream and migrated into a tumor. [NIH] Tumor marker: A substance sometimes found in an increased amount in the blood, other body fluids, or tissues and which may mean that a certain type of cancer is in the body. Examples of tumor markers include CA 125 (ovarian cancer), CA 15-3 (breast cancer), CEA (ovarian, lung, breast, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract cancers), and PSA (prostate cancer). Also called biomarker. [NIH] Tumor Necrosis Factor: Serum glycoprotein produced by activated macrophages and other mammalian mononuclear leukocytes which has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. It mimics the action of endotoxin but differs from it. It has a molecular weight of less than 70,000 kDa. [NIH] Tumor suppressor gene: Genes in the body that can suppress or block the development of cancer. [NIH] Tumour: 1. Swelling, one of the cardinal signs of inflammations; morbid enlargement. 2. A new growth of tissue in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled and progressive; called also neoplasm. [EU] Ulcer: A localized necrotic lesion of the skin or a mucous surface. [NIH] Ulcerative colitis: Chronic inflammation of the colon that produces ulcers in its lining. This condition is marked by abdominal pain, cramps, and loose discharges of pus, blood, and mucus from the bowel. [NIH] Umbilical Arteries: Either of a pair of arteries originating from the internal iliac artery and passing through the umbilical cord to carry blood from the fetus to the placenta. [NIH] Umbilical Cord: The flexible structure, giving passage to the umbilical arteries and vein, which connects the embryo or fetus to the placenta. [NIH] Umbilical cord blood: Blood from the placenta (afterbirth) that contains high concentrations of stem cells needed to produce new blood cells. [NIH] Umbilical cord blood transplantation: The injection of umbilical cord blood to restore an individual's own blood production system suppressed by anticancer drugs, radiation therapy, or both. It is being studied in the treatment of cancer and severe blood disorders such as aplastic anemia. Cord blood contains high concentrations of stem cells needed to produce new blood cells. [NIH] Unconscious: Experience which was once conscious, but was subsequently rejected, as the "personal unconscious". [NIH] Unresectable: Unable to be surgically removed. [NIH] Ureters: Tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. [NIH] Urethra: The tube through which urine leaves the body. It empties urine from the bladder. [NIH]

Urine: Fluid containing water and waste products. Urine is made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. [NIH] Uterus: The small, hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis. This is the organ in which a fetus develops. Also called the womb. [NIH] Vaccination: Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis. [NIH] Vaccine: A substance or group of substances meant to cause the immune system to respond to a tumor or to microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses. [NIH] Vagina: The muscular canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body. Also

302 Hodgkin’s Disease

called the birth canal. [NIH] Varicella: Chicken pox. [EU] Vascular: Pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply. [EU] VE: The total volume of gas either inspired or expired in one minute. [NIH] Vector: Plasmid or other self-replicating DNA molecule that transfers DNA between cells in nature or in recombinant DNA technology. [NIH] Vein: Vessel-carrying blood from various parts of the body to the heart. [NIH] Venous: Of or pertaining to the veins. [EU] Ventricles: Fluid-filled cavities in the heart or brain. [NIH] Ventricular: Pertaining to a ventricle. [EU] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals. [NIH] Vinblastine: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of plant drugs called vinca alkaloids. It is a mitotic inhibitor. [NIH] Vinca Alkaloids: A class of alkaloids from the genus of apocyanaceous woody herbs including periwinkles. They are some of the most useful antineoplastic agents. [NIH] Vincristine: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of plant drugs called vinca alkaloids. [NIH] Vindesine: Vinblastine derivative with antineoplastic activity against acute leukemia, lung cancer, carcinoma of the breast, squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, head, and neck, and Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Major side effects are myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. Vindesine is used extensively in chemotherapy protocols. [NIH] Vinorelbine: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of plant drugs called vinca alkaloids. [NIH] Viral: Pertaining to, caused by, or of the nature of virus. [EU] Viremia: The presence of viruses in the blood. [NIH] Virion: The infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos. [NIH] Virulence: The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. [NIH] Virus: Submicroscopic organism that causes infectious disease. In cancer therapy, some viruses may be made into vaccines that help the body build an immune response to, and kill, tumor cells. [NIH] Virus Shedding: The expelling of virus particles from the body. Important routes include the respiratory tract, genital tract, and intestinal tract. Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (disease transmission, vertical). [NIH] Viscera: Any of the large interior organs in any one of the three great cavities of the body, especially in the abdomen. [NIH] Vitro: Descriptive of an event or enzyme reaction under experimental investigation occurring outside a living organism. Parts of an organism or microorganism are used together with artificial substrates and/or conditions. [NIH] Vivo: Outside of or removed from the body of a living organism. [NIH]

Dictionary 303

War: Hostile conflict between organized groups of people. [NIH] White blood cell: A type of cell in the immune system that helps the body fight infection and disease. White blood cells include lymphocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, and others. [NIH]

Wound Healing: Restoration of integrity to traumatized tissue. [NIH] Xenograft: The cells of one species transplanted to another species. [NIH] X-ray: High-energy radiation used in low doses to diagnose diseases and in high doses to treat cancer. [NIH] X-ray therapy: The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy) or from materials called radioisotopes. Radioisotopes produce radiation and can be placed in or near the tumor or in the area near cancer cells. This type of radiation treatment is called internal radiation therapy, implant radiation, interstitial radiation, or brachytherapy. Systemic radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that circulates throughout the body. X-ray therapy is also called radiation therapy, radiotherapy, and irradiation. [NIH] Yeasts: A general term for single-celled rounded fungi that reproduce by budding. Brewers' and bakers' yeasts are Saccharomyces cerevisiae; therapeutic dried yeast is dried yeast. [NIH] Zinc Fingers: Motifs in DNA- and RNA-binding proteins whose amino acids are folded into a single structural unit around a zinc atom. In the classic zinc finger, one zinc atom is bound to two cysteines and two histidines. In between the cysteines and histidines are 12 residues which form a DNA binding fingertip. By variations in the composition of the sequences in the fingertip and the number and spacing of tandem repeats of the motif, zinc fingers can form a large number of different sequence specific binding sites. [NIH] Zoster: A virus infection of the Gasserian ganglion and its nerve branches, characterized by discrete areas of vesiculation of the epithelium of the forehead, the nose, the eyelids, and the cornea together with subepithelial infiltration. [NIH] Zymogen: Inactive form of an enzyme which can then be converted to the active form, usually by excision of a polypeptide, e. g. trypsinogen is the zymogen of trypsin. [NIH]

305

INDEX A Abdomen, 237, 241, 249, 271, 272, 273, 275, 277, 283, 296, 297, 299, 302 Abdominal, 69, 236, 241, 257, 283, 292, 301 Abdominal Pain, 241, 301 Absolute risk, 13, 241 Acceptor, 241, 299 Acute leukemia, 25, 40, 80, 91, 121, 144, 146, 162, 241, 260, 287, 302 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 40, 45, 61, 241 Acute lymphocytic leukemia, 14, 31, 184, 241 Acute myelogenous leukemia, 34, 45, 93, 184, 241 Acute myeloid leukemia, 50, 241, 288 Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, 121, 241 Adaptability, 241, 250 Adaptation, 51, 241, 279 Adenocarcinoma, 241, 273 Adenopathy, 155, 241 Adenosine, 241, 242, 283, 284 Adenosine Deaminase, 242, 283 Adenovirus, 79, 84, 242 Adjustment, 169, 241, 242 Adjuvant, 51, 67, 111, 112, 117, 127, 132, 133, 150, 163, 242, 263 Adjuvant Therapy, 127, 242 Adolescence, 44, 242 Adoptive Transfer, 55, 242 Adrenal Glands, 242, 292 Adverse Effect, 242, 294 Affinity, 54, 242, 246 Affinity Chromatography, 54, 242 Age-Adjusted, 52, 242 Agonist, 242, 298 Alanine, 20, 242 Algorithms, 243, 248 Alkylating Agents, 43, 243, 249, 250, 251, 256 Alleles, 14, 243, 267, 274 Allium, 243 Allogeneic, 12, 25, 26, 30, 53, 56, 133, 179, 181, 189, 203, 243, 265, 266, 284 Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, 179, 189, 243 Alopecia, 117, 133, 243, 256 Alpha Particles, 243, 290

Alternative medicine, 205, 243 Alveolar Bone Loss, 3, 243 Alveolar Process, 243, 292 Amino Acid Sequence, 243, 244, 263 Amino Acids, 243, 252, 263, 282, 283, 286, 289, 300, 303 Amplification, 60, 94, 243 Anaemia, 76, 243, 276 Anaesthesia, 244, 270 Anal, 6, 58, 102, 244, 258 Analog, 11, 244, 263 Analogous, 244, 300 Anaphylatoxins, 244, 254 Anaplastic, 72, 76, 79, 182, 185, 244 Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, 72, 79, 182, 185, 244 Anatomical, 19, 29, 244, 269, 293 Anemia, 8, 80, 188, 235, 244, 252, 261, 279, 298 Anergy, 55, 244 Aneuploidy, 99, 151, 244 Angiogenesis, 10, 244 Animal model, 9, 55, 61, 244 Annealing, 244, 286 Anogenital, 37, 244 Anthracycline, 244, 256, 260, 268 Antiallergic, 244, 255, 256 Antibacterial, 244, 296 Antibiotic, 244, 256, 258, 260, 268, 280, 296 Antibodies, 23, 35, 67, 244, 245, 246, 265, 268, 269, 274, 278, 285, 290 Antibody therapy, 177, 182, 245 Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity, 245, 272 Anticoagulant, 245, 288 Antigen-Antibody Complex, 245, 253 Antigen-presenting cell, 20, 245, 257 Anti-inflammatory, 245, 255, 257, 264, 287 Antilymphocyte Serum, 245, 275 Antimetabolite, 245, 257 Antineoplastic Agents, 43, 243, 245, 283, 302 Antiplasmin, 125, 245 Antipruritic, 245, 256 Antiviral, 9, 182, 245, 263, 271 Anus, 244, 245, 249 Aorta, 245, 292 Aplastic anemia, 188, 246, 285, 301

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Apoptosis, 5, 8, 10, 24, 162, 246, 250 Applicability, 26, 47, 50, 246 Approximate, 12, 246 Aqueous, 246, 247, 256 Arginine, 8, 182, 244, 246 Arginine butyrate, 8, 182, 246 Arterial, 246, 268, 289 Arteries, 245, 246, 248, 255, 277, 279, 301 Asbestos, 246, 275, 277 Asparaginase, 100, 152, 246 Aspartate, 246 Aspergillosis, 102, 246 Aspiration, 82, 110, 246 Assay, 31, 246 Astrocytes, 246 Astrocytoma, 14, 246, 264 Asymptomatic, 55, 246 Atrial, 246, 298 Attenuated, 246, 257 Atypical, 246, 270 Autoantibodies, 35, 246, 247 Autoantigens, 246, 247 Autoimmune disease, 19, 247, 279, 284 Autologous bone marrow transplantation, 26, 43, 117, 126, 127, 130, 162, 247, 266 Autosuggestion, 247, 268 B Bacteria, 93, 244, 245, 247, 259, 261, 277, 278, 285, 294, 296, 300, 301 Bacterial Physiology, 241, 247 Bacteriophage, 247, 300 Bacteriostatic, 243, 247 Basal cell carcinoma, 97, 247 Basal cells, 247 Basal Ganglia, 247, 263, 264 Base, 13, 15, 18, 43, 45, 247, 257, 263, 272, 298 Benign, 20, 247, 263, 265, 277, 280, 290 Bile, 110, 158, 165, 247, 262, 267, 273 Bile Acids, 247 Bile Acids and Salts, 247 Binding Sites, 247, 303 Biochemical, 41, 56, 243, 245, 247, 262, 264, 272, 284, 294 Biological response modifier, 43, 247, 248, 270 Biological therapy, 172, 173, 248, 265 Biomarkers, 33, 63, 71, 97, 248 Biopsy, 4, 23, 63, 109, 237, 238, 248 Biotechnology, 64, 196, 205, 215, 248 Biotransformation, 248

Bladder, 32, 248, 279, 288, 301 Bleomycin, 70, 116, 117, 119, 122, 132, 134, 136, 144, 145, 147, 150, 158, 160, 163, 248 Blood Platelets, 248, 294, 299 Blood pressure, 248, 268, 278 Blood vessel, 244, 248, 249, 255, 259, 266, 273, 274, 295, 297, 299, 302 Blushing, 236, 248 Body Fluids, 36, 248, 259, 301 Bolus, 131, 248 Bolus infusion, 248 Bone marrow aspiration, 184, 237, 249 Bone Marrow Cells, 249, 253, 279 Bone scan, 249, 293 Bowel, 89, 238, 244, 249, 257, 270, 271, 301 Bowel Movement, 249, 257 Brachytherapy, 249, 271, 272, 290, 303 Brain Stem, 14, 249, 251 Brain stem tumor, 14, 249 Branch, 44, 127, 233, 249, 256, 274, 283, 289, 292, 295, 298 Busulfan, 43, 161, 183, 249 C Cachexia, 180, 249 Calcium, 246, 249, 253, 259, 294 Capsid, 249, 302 Carbohydrate, 249, 255, 286, 294 Carboplatin, 100, 152, 182, 249 Carcinogen, 34, 249, 276, 298 Carcinogenic, 243, 249, 270, 282, 288 Carcinoma, 8, 10, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 29, 30, 34, 54, 55, 57, 61, 63, 71, 249, 260, 296, 302 Cardiac, 17, 38, 79, 133, 139, 161, 249, 268, 279 Cardiotoxicity, 249, 260 Carmustine, 65, 91, 116, 121, 124, 125, 130, 143, 146, 154, 157, 250 Carrier State, 27, 250 Case series, 62, 250, 252 Caspase, 162, 250 Castor Oil, 250, 292 Causal, 35, 250 Cause of Death, 6, 250, 257 Cell Count, 184, 250 Cell Cycle, 6, 21, 33, 250, 252, 256, 261, 266, 289 Cell Death, 8, 246, 250, 261, 264, 280 Cell Differentiation, 19, 250, 294 Cell Division, 19, 247, 250, 256, 261, 265, 276, 278, 285, 288, 293 Cell membrane, 24, 250, 257

Index 307

Cell proliferation, 18, 63, 250, 271, 294 Cell Size, 19, 250, 262 Cell Survival, 60, 250, 265 Cellulitis, 84, 251 Central Nervous System, 35, 44, 76, 89, 123, 144, 184, 243, 251, 263, 264, 279, 286, 294 Cerebellar, 67, 251 Cerebellum, 251, 287 Cerebral, 247, 249, 251, 264 Cerebral hemispheres, 247, 249, 251, 264 Cerebrospinal, 35, 251, 274, 296 Cerebrospinal fluid, 35, 251, 274, 296 Cervical, 4, 6, 34, 37, 58, 251 Cervix, 251 Chemokines, 10, 251 Chemotactic Factors, 251, 254 Chlorambucil, 116, 251 Cholesterol, 247, 251, 268, 273, 298 Chromatin, 19, 54, 246, 251, 281, 296 Chromium, 53, 251 Chromosomal, 9, 33, 45, 54, 60, 243, 244, 251, 252, 264, 285, 292, 298 Chromosome, 9, 18, 33, 34, 54, 113, 244, 251, 252, 265, 273, 274, 278, 293, 295, 298, 300 Chromosome Aberrations, 33, 34, 251, 252 Chromosome Painting, 34, 252 Chronic Disease, 249, 252, 272 Chronic granulocytic leukemia, 252 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 74, 84, 101, 147, 152, 161, 252 Chronic myelogenous leukemia, 25, 45, 184, 252, 275 CIS, 10, 22, 64, 221, 222, 252, 292 Cisplatin, 61, 100, 108, 125, 139, 152, 158, 252 Clear cell carcinoma, 252, 257 Clinical Protocols, 48, 252 Clinical study, 30, 252 Cloning, 9, 31, 35, 57, 248, 252 Cobalt, 11, 252 Codon, 252, 263, 290 Cofactor, 252, 288, 299 Colchicine, 253, 300 Colitis, 253 Collagen, 253, 261, 263, 286 Colony-Stimulating Factors, 253, 265 Colorectal, 5, 51, 89, 253 Colorectal Cancer, 5, 51, 89, 253 Combination Therapy, 8, 10, 253

Combined Modality Therapy, 100, 126, 155, 164, 253 Communis, 250, 253, 292 Complement, 24, 244, 245, 253, 254, 263, 275 Complementary and alternative medicine, 129, 167, 254 Complementary medicine, 129, 254 Complete remission, 92, 117, 158, 254, 291 Complete response, 5, 104, 156, 254 Computational Biology, 215, 254 Computed tomography, 112, 165, 254, 293 Computerized axial tomography, 254, 293 Computerized tomography, 254 Conception, 254, 261, 295, 297 Concomitant, 4, 160, 254 Confusion, 248, 254 Conjugated, 32, 247, 254, 292 Connective Tissue, 248, 251, 253, 254, 261, 263, 274, 293, 298 Consolidation, 68, 74, 137, 254 Contamination, 16, 30, 255 Continuous infusion, 61, 124, 154, 255 Continuum, 51, 255 Contraindications, ii, 255 Control group, 51, 255 Conventional therapy, 16, 32, 255 Conventional treatment, 255 Cooperative group, 17, 27, 39, 40, 60, 255 Coordination, 12, 42, 45, 49, 251, 255, 279 Cornea, 255, 303 Coronary, 255, 277, 279 Coronary Thrombosis, 255, 277, 279 Corticosteroid, 255, 287 Cortisone, 255, 257, 287 Crossing-over, 255, 291 Cryofixation, 255 Cryopreservation, 105, 255 Curative, 14, 83, 256, 298 Cutaneous, 75, 76, 97, 99, 138, 151, 173, 182, 185, 256, 274, 284 Cyclin, 28, 256 Cyclosporine, 38, 189, 256 Cyproheptadine, 180, 256 Cysteine, 251, 256 Cytarabine, 65, 100, 108, 116, 130, 152, 176, 256 Cytogenetics, 47, 48, 256 Cytokine, 12, 20, 28, 103, 256, 262, 271 Cytomegalovirus, 12, 256, 263 Cytomegalovirus Infections, 256, 263

308 Hodgkin’s Disease

Cytoplasm, 246, 250, 256, 260, 265, 278, 281 Cytotoxic, 6, 8, 9, 28, 29, 32, 35, 37, 57, 172, 183, 188, 204, 256, 290, 294 Cytotoxicity, 10, 252, 256 D Dacarbazine, 116, 132, 136, 145, 158, 164, 256 Databases, Bibliographic, 215, 256 Daunorubicin, 256, 258 De novo, 34, 256 Death Certificates, 53, 62, 257 Degenerative, 257, 266 Deletion, 18, 246, 257, 274 Denaturation, 257, 286 Dendrites, 257, 280 Dendritic, 12, 20, 30, 37, 257, 276 Dendritic cell, 12, 20, 30, 37, 257 Density, 13, 257, 262, 273, 282 Deoxyuridine, 11, 257, 299 Depolarization, 257, 294 DES, 92, 103, 121, 137, 147, 244, 257 Dexamethasone, 100, 108, 152, 182, 257 Diagnostic procedure, 205, 257, 284 Diaphragm, 257, 286 Diffusion, 257, 270 Digestion, 247, 249, 257, 271, 273, 297 Digestive system, 191, 257, 279 Digestive tract, 77, 257, 295, 296 Dilatation, 257, 288 Dilution, 29, 257 Dimerization, 21, 257 Diploid, 244, 258, 278, 285, 286, 300 Direct, iii, 32, 33, 76, 207, 258, 291 Discriminant Analysis, 50, 258 Disease Progression, 10, 83, 258 Disease Transmission, 258, 302 Disease Transmission, Vertical, 258, 302 Disease-Free Survival, 26, 39, 41, 258 Disparity, 29, 52, 258 Dissection, 94, 133, 258 Dissociation, 242, 258 Dominance, 26, 258 Doxorubicin, 101, 121, 123, 131, 136, 138, 145, 153, 154, 184, 258, 260 Drive, ii, vi, 27, 63, 115, 258 Drug Interactions, 208, 258 Drug Resistance, 47, 258, 259 Drug Tolerance, 258 Duct, 110, 158, 165, 259, 274, 293 Dumping Syndrome, 256, 259 Duodenum, 247, 259, 297

Dura mater, 259, 277, 282 Dysplasia, 37, 259 E Ectopic, 35, 94, 259 Edema, 259, 280 Effector, 10, 30, 245, 253, 259, 272, 281 Effector cell, 30, 245, 259, 272, 281 Efficacy, 10, 17, 30, 35, 47, 56, 72, 79, 135, 140, 142, 143, 148, 163, 259, 300 Electrolytes, 247, 259 Electrons, 247, 259, 271, 290 Embryo, 250, 259, 270, 301 Enalapril, 38, 259 Encephalitis, 75, 259 Encephalitis, Viral, 259 Endemic, 7, 20, 24, 63, 259, 296 Endothelial cell, 259, 261, 299 Endotoxin, 259, 301 Environmental Exposure, 260, 282 Environmental Health, 214, 216, 260 Enzymatic, 249, 254, 260, 267, 286, 292 Enzyme, 8, 54, 242, 246, 250, 259, 260, 285, 286, 288, 289, 294, 297, 299, 300, 302, 303 Eosinophil, 126, 162, 260 Eosinophilic, 260 Epidemic, 6, 260, 296 Epidemiological, 33, 79, 145, 260 Epidermis, 247, 260, 265, 289 Epirubicin, 91, 106, 130, 142, 143, 144, 146, 160, 260 Epithelial, 8, 20, 21, 24, 27, 61, 107, 241, 260, 266 Epithelial Cells, 8, 27, 260, 266 Epithelioid Cells, 77, 260 Epithelium, 27, 34, 260, 303 Epitope, 58, 260 Erythrocytes, 243, 244, 248, 260, 283, 285, 291 Escalation, 35, 150, 261 Esophagus, 257, 261, 284, 297, 302 Estrogen, 261, 293, 298 Evaluable patients, 42, 261 Excitation, 261, 262 Exogenous, 248, 261, 263 External-beam radiation, 261, 272, 290, 303 Extracorporeal, 261, 284 Eye Infections, 242, 261 F Family Planning, 215, 261 Fat, 247, 248, 249, 255, 261, 273, 279, 295 Fatigue, 61, 82, 204, 235, 261

Index 309

Fetal Hemoglobin, 8, 261 Fetus, 261, 285, 301 Fibrin, 245, 261, 285, 299 Fibroblast Growth Factor, 68, 261 Fibroblasts, 261, 271 Fibronectin, 149, 261 Fibrosis, 68, 90, 92, 261, 293 Filgrastim, 85, 124, 127, 141, 156, 181, 182, 183, 185, 187, 261 Fine-needle aspiration, 109, 262, 280 Flow Cytometry, 47, 262, 269 Fludarabine, 29, 82, 184, 262 Fluorescence, 262 Fluorescent Dyes, 262 Flushing, 197, 236, 262 Folate, 257, 262 Fractionation, 27, 262 Fungi, 12, 246, 261, 262, 277, 278, 303 Fungus, 262, 279 G Gallbladder, 241, 257, 262 Gallium, 83, 85, 120, 141, 238, 262 Gamma Rays, 262, 290 Gamma-interferon, 10, 263 Ganciclovir, 8, 56, 182, 263 Ganglia, 263, 280, 298 Ganglion, 263, 303 Gas, 138, 257, 263, 268, 276, 281, 302 Gastrectomy, 256, 263 Gastric, 21, 23, 61, 85, 260, 263, 267 Gastrin, 263, 267 Gastrointestinal, 13, 85, 246, 259, 263, 276, 294, 297, 298, 301 Gelatin, 263, 264 Gels, 22, 263 Gemcitabine, 25, 86, 110, 141, 182, 185, 188, 263 Gene Expression, 10, 20, 21, 22, 23, 56, 63, 72, 99, 224, 263 Gene Rearrangement, 34, 59, 263 Gene Silencing, 19, 263 Gene Targeting, 59, 263 Genetic Code, 263, 281 Genetic Engineering, 248, 252, 263 Genetic Techniques, 16, 264 Genetic testing, 264, 286 Genetics, 18, 26, 34, 47, 126, 242, 256, 258, 264, 283 Genital, 252, 264, 302 Genotype, 264, 284 Germinal Center, 24, 59, 204, 264 Giant Cells, 260, 264, 293

Gland, 255, 264, 274, 283, 285, 288, 293, 297, 299 Glioblastoma, 13, 264 Glomerular, 264 Glomeruli, 264 Glomerulonephritis, 97, 142, 264 Glucocorticoid, 257, 264, 287 Glucose, 129, 251, 264, 266 Glycine, 20, 247, 264 Glycoprotein, 24, 245, 261, 264, 265, 299, 301 Glycosidic, 264 Gonad, 264 Gonadal, 87, 96, 142, 264 Governing Board, 265, 287 Grade, 163, 221, 222, 265 Graft, 12, 16, 25, 26, 29, 189, 265, 267, 269, 275, 279 Graft Rejection, 25, 265, 269, 275 Grafting, 12, 265 Graft-versus-host disease, 12, 16, 26, 189, 265, 279 Granular Cell Tumor, 97, 265 Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor, 150, 253, 262, 265 Granulocytes, 253, 265, 272, 294, 303 Granulomas, 75, 138, 265 Growth factors, 265 H Haemopoietic, 120, 132, 142, 265 Half-Life, 30, 265 Haploid, 265, 285, 286 Haplotypes, 53, 265 Haptens, 242, 265 Health Behavior, 51, 265 Health Education, 18, 266 Health Status, 50, 265, 266 Helix-loop-helix, 18, 266 Hematologic malignancies, 12, 88, 266, 274 Hematopoiesis, 12, 26, 43, 266 Hematopoietic growth factors, 49, 266 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, 27, 67, 107, 266 Hematopoietic Stem Cells, 13, 266 Hemoglobin, 244, 260, 261, 266, 298 Hemoglobin H, 261, 266 Hemolytic, 266, 298 Hemorrhage, 266, 289, 292, 297 Hepatic, 84, 266, 287 Hepatitis, 125, 266, 270 Hepatocytes, 266

310 Hodgkin’s Disease

Hepatomegaly, 266, 270 Herbicide, 53, 266 Hereditary, 266, 292, 298 Heredity, 263, 264, 266 Herpes, 8, 20, 28, 267 Herpes virus, 20, 28, 267 Herpes Zoster, 267 Heterogeneity, 242, 267 Heterotrophic, 262, 267 Heterozygotes, 258, 267 Histamine, 244, 256, 267 Histiocytosis, 186, 188, 267 Histology, 196, 267 Homeostasis, 24, 267 Homogeneous, 32, 255, 267 Homologous, 243, 255, 263, 267, 279, 293, 298 Homozygotes, 258, 267 Hormonal, 104, 105, 255, 267 Hormone, 13, 242, 255, 257, 263, 267, 276, 288, 294, 299 Hormone therapy, 242, 267 Host, 16, 20, 29, 49, 55, 59, 63, 247, 250, 267, 269, 292, 301, 302 Humoral, 23, 265, 267 Humour, 267 Hybrid, 5, 21, 104, 118, 123, 124, 127, 136, 137, 151, 156, 163, 204, 267, 268 Hybridization, 252, 267 Hybridomas, 267, 271 Hydrogen, 241, 247, 249, 257, 268, 278, 281, 289 Hydrolysis, 242, 248, 252, 268, 284, 286, 289 Hypercholesterolemia, 99, 268 Hyperlipidemia, 99, 268 Hyperplasia, 37, 107, 268, 292 Hypersensitivity, 260, 268 Hypertension, 259, 268 Hypertrophy, 268 I Iatrogenic, 34, 268 Id, 43, 128, 166, 220, 221, 222, 224, 225, 232, 234, 268 Idarubicin, 43, 268 Idiopathic, 268, 293 Idiotype, 12, 268 Ifosfamide, 61, 91, 100, 106, 119, 120, 122, 127, 142, 143, 146, 149, 152, 160, 165, 268 Imaging procedures, 190, 268 Immune function, 28, 268 Immune Sera, 268, 269

Immunity, 12, 20, 33, 55, 58, 243, 268, 269, 300 Immunization, 26, 242, 269 Immunocompromised, 8, 22, 269 Immunodeficiency, 89, 109, 196, 269 Immunoelectrophoresis, 245, 269 Immunogenic, 33, 55, 269 Immunoglobulin, 9, 184, 244, 269, 271, 278 Immunologic, 28, 29, 41, 55, 58, 63, 242, 251, 269, 290 Immunology, 20, 23, 24, 26, 40, 43, 58, 61, 63, 126, 196, 242, 262, 269 Immunophenotyping, 40, 269 Immunosuppressant, 243, 269 Immunosuppressive, 29, 91, 125, 133, 256, 264, 268, 269, 283, 298 Immunosuppressive therapy, 125, 269 Immunotherapy, 27, 29, 32, 37, 56, 57, 91, 189, 242, 248, 269 Immunotoxin, 116, 119, 269 Impairment, 261, 269, 277 Implant radiation, 269, 271, 272, 290, 303 In situ, 48, 269 In vitro, 5, 8, 9, 10, 22, 23, 24, 27, 37, 41, 43, 55, 269, 286, 294, 298 In vivo, 10, 20, 21, 22, 24, 27, 30, 31, 37, 41, 54, 59, 269, 274, 275, 298 Incision, 269, 271, 272 Incubation, 269, 272 Incubation period, 269, 272 Indicative, 193, 270, 283, 302 Indolent, 9, 270 Indolent lymphoma, 10, 270 Induction, 5, 8, 21, 55, 58, 82, 133, 157, 184, 270 Infancy, 44, 270 Infarction, 270 Infectious Mononucleosis, 7, 20, 21, 24, 27, 28, 55, 61, 66, 270 Infiltration, 90, 126, 162, 264, 270, 303 Inflammation, 53, 245, 251, 253, 259, 261, 265, 266, 267, 270, 277, 282, 292, 298, 299, 301 Inflammatory bowel disease, 109, 270 Informed Consent, 39, 44, 45, 270 Infuse, 184, 270 Infusion, 29, 186, 270 Initiation, 9, 270, 300 Inorganic, 252, 270, 279 Insight, 23, 27, 29, 63, 270 Insulator, 270, 279 Interferon, 8, 10, 189, 263, 270, 271, 274

Index 311

Interferon-alpha, 271 Interleukin-1, 10, 92, 271 Interleukin-13, 92, 271 Interleukin-2, 125, 157, 159, 179, 189, 271 Interleukin-6, 130, 149, 271 Interleukins, 271, 275 Intermittent, 271, 274 Internal radiation, 271, 272, 290, 303 Interstitial, 65, 249, 271, 272, 303 Intestinal, 34, 271, 302 Intestine, 247, 249, 253, 271, 272 Intracellular, 10, 20, 57, 93, 264, 270, 271, 276, 294 Intracellular Membranes, 271, 276 Intravenous, 270, 271 Intrinsic, 54, 242, 271 Invasive, 102, 268, 271, 275 Ionizing, 243, 260, 271, 290, 295 Ions, 247, 258, 259, 268, 271 J Joint, 28, 36, 38, 41, 272, 298 K Kb, 60, 214, 272 Keto, 11, 272 Killer Cells, 12, 272 Kinetic, 271, 272 L Labile, 253, 272 Laparoscopy, 101, 272 Laparotomy, 200, 239, 272 Large Intestine, 253, 257, 271, 272, 291, 295 Latency, 12, 20, 21, 22, 28, 29, 56, 57, 58, 63, 272 Latent, 5, 7, 20, 21, 23, 27, 29, 54, 56, 58, 63, 67, 75, 80, 272 Lectin, 272, 276 Lentivirus, 26, 272 Lesion, 11, 272, 273, 293, 294, 301 Lethal, 32, 272, 292 Leucocyte, 94, 260, 272, 273, 274 Leukaemia, 82, 130, 141, 272 Leukapheresis, 185, 273 Leukocytes, 248, 251, 265, 271, 273, 278, 281, 283, 301 Leukoplakia, 24, 273 Levo, 273, 276 Library Services, 232, 273 Life cycle, 20, 63, 262, 273 Ligament, 273, 288 Ligands, 53, 273 Ligation, 55, 273 Limbic, 75, 273

Linear Energy Transfer, 32, 273 Linitis Plastica, 85, 273 Linkage, 25, 273, 274 Lipid, 272, 273, 279 Lipoprotein, 273, 302 Liver, 88, 121, 145, 238, 241, 247, 256, 257, 262, 266, 273, 287, 293 Liver scan, 273, 293 Localization, 21, 54, 56, 65, 273 Localized, 122, 147, 255, 270, 274, 285, 293, 301 Lod, 25, 274 Lod Score, 25, 274 Lomustine, 70, 117, 122, 134, 148, 149, 274 Long-Term Care, 30, 274 Loop, 13, 274 Loss of Heterozygosity, 70, 274 Lumbar, 274, 296 Lumbar puncture, 274, 296 Lupus, 274, 298 Lymph, 4, 64, 104, 238, 241, 251, 259, 267, 270, 274, 276, 279, 293 Lymph node, 4, 64, 238, 251, 274, 276, 279, 293 Lymphadenopathy, 4, 104, 270, 274 Lymphatic, 16, 224, 244, 270, 274, 275, 295, 296, 299 Lymphatic system, 244, 274, 275, 295, 296, 299 Lymphoblastic, 274 Lymphoblasts, 45, 49, 241, 274 Lymphocyte Count, 238, 274 Lymphocyte Depletion, 179, 188, 274 Lymphocyte Transformation, 197, 275 Lymphocytic, 18, 65, 184, 275 Lymphography, 93, 196, 275 Lymphoproliferative, 7, 8, 21, 22, 23, 24, 28, 37, 41, 55, 58, 61, 172, 182, 275, 283 Lymphoproliferative Disorders, 28, 55, 182, 275 Lytic, 10, 20, 21, 23, 29, 56, 57, 275, 294 M Macrophage, 245, 253, 271, 275 Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 275, 293 Maintenance therapy, 38, 275 Major Histocompatibility Complex, 265, 275 Malignancy, 7, 17, 20, 23, 26, 31, 39, 49, 56, 57, 63, 95, 100, 204, 239, 275 Malignant mesothelioma, 275, 277 Malignant tumor, 162, 275, 279, 282, 292 Malnutrition, 249, 275

312 Hodgkin’s Disease

Mammary, 275, 298 Mandible, 243, 275, 292 Manifest, 12, 275 Mantle field, 111, 276 Maximum Tolerated Dose, 39, 259, 276 Mechlorethamine, 148, 163, 276, 288 Mediate, 9, 10, 272, 276 Mediator, 271, 276, 294 Medical Records, 52, 276 Medical Staff, 187, 276 Medicament, 243, 276 MEDLINE, 215, 276 Megaloblastic, 257, 276 Megestrol, 180, 276 Meiosis, 276, 279, 298 Melanocytes, 276 Melanoma, 32, 34, 276 Melphalan, 43, 65, 116, 130, 139, 148, 276 Membrane, 24, 28, 59, 67, 75, 80, 246, 250, 254, 257, 265, 276, 286, 294, 300 Membrane Proteins, 59, 276 Memory, 27, 63, 264, 276 Meninges, 251, 259, 277 Meningitis, 81, 110, 277 Menopause, 12, 277 Menstruation, 277 Mental Disorders, 191, 277, 289 Mental Health, iv, 4, 191, 214, 216, 277, 289 Mental Processes, 258, 277, 289 Mentors, 7, 277 Mercury, 262, 277 Mesothelioma, 75, 275, 277 Meta-Analysis, 150, 277 Metastasis, 277 Metastatic, 16, 185, 190, 277 Metastatic cancer, 190, 277 Methoxsalen, 277, 284 MI, 120, 123, 239, 277 Microbe, 277, 299 Microbiology, 23, 24, 58, 63, 126, 241, 246, 277 Microorganism, 252, 278, 283, 302 Microtubules, 278, 282 Mitochondrial Swelling, 278, 280 Mitosis, 246, 278 Mitotic, 261, 278, 302 Mitoxantrone, 122, 127, 149, 157, 164, 176, 278 Mobilization, 90, 150, 278 Modeling, 11, 278 Modification, 26, 30, 54, 263, 278, 289

Monitor, 17, 79, 278, 281 Monoclonal, 10, 16, 32, 55, 63, 177, 182, 185, 187, 209, 268, 272, 278, 290, 293, 303 Monoclonal antibodies, 32, 55, 177, 182, 185, 187, 278, 293 Monocytes, 271, 273, 278 Mononuclear, 36, 270, 278, 301 Monophosphate, 8, 278 Monosomy, 244, 278 Monotherapy, 163, 278 Mucins, 278, 293 Mucositis, 279, 299 Mucus, 278, 279, 301 Multidrug resistance, 38, 279 Multiple Myeloma, 6, 12, 26, 80, 193, 279 Multiple sclerosis, 35, 279 Multivalent, 59, 279 Mutagenesis, 22, 279 Mutagenic, 31, 243, 279, 295 Mutagens, 279 Mycophenolate mofetil, 179, 279 Mycosis, 173, 221, 279 Mycosis Fungoides, 173, 221, 279 Myelin, 279 Myelodysplasia, 91, 121, 146, 184, 279 Myelodysplastic syndrome, 93, 105, 279, 295 Myelogenous, 184, 279 Myeloma, 25, 60, 118, 222, 279 Myeloproliferative Disorders, 41, 279 Myelosuppression, 279, 302 Myocardial infarction, 99, 255, 277, 279 Myocardium, 277, 279 Myopathy, 98, 279 N Naive, 59, 280 Nasopharynx, 101, 280 Natural killer cells, 102, 280 Necrosis, 123, 153, 246, 264, 270, 277, 279, 280, 293 Need, 3, 5, 20, 135, 195, 197, 209, 223, 225, 226, 280 Needle biopsy, 262, 280 Neomycin, 35, 280 Neoplasia, 23, 34, 37, 47, 86, 280 Neoplasm, 144, 175, 177, 179, 180, 181, 183, 186, 265, 280, 293, 301 Neoplastic, 13, 19, 27, 37, 40, 43, 104, 111, 267, 274, 275, 280, 293 Nephrosis, 280 Nephrotic, 121, 144, 280 Nephrotic Syndrome, 121, 144, 280

Index 313

Nerve, 257, 263, 276, 279, 280, 282, 283, 287, 293, 297, 303 Nervous System, 35, 73, 251, 276, 280, 281, 297, 298 Neural, 35, 267, 280 Neuroblastoma, 14, 16, 31, 33, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 49, 190, 280 Neurologic, 35, 153, 264, 280 Neurology, 35, 48, 61, 67, 96, 280 Neuronal, 35, 280 Neurons, 257, 263, 280, 281, 298 Neurosurgery, 47, 48, 61, 93, 96, 281 Neurotoxicity, 281, 302 Neurotransmitters, 278, 281 Neutrons, 243, 272, 281, 290 Neutropenia, 56, 281 Neutrophils, 261, 265, 273, 281 Nitrogen, 256, 276, 281 Nonmalignant, 181, 281 Nonmalignant hematologic disorders, 181, 281 Nuclear Matrix, 54, 281 Nuclear Pore, 281 Nucleic acid, 28, 249, 263, 267, 279, 281 Nucleolus, 281 Nucleus, 246, 251, 256, 262, 276, 278, 281, 288, 289, 297 Nurse Practitioners, 41, 281 O Occupational Exposure, 53, 281 Odds Ratio, 282, 291 Oncogene, 34, 59, 75, 86, 99, 282 Oncogenic, 27, 55, 59, 60, 272, 282, 289 Oncologist, 6, 131, 282 Opacity, 257, 282 Open Reading Frames, 28, 272, 282 Operon, 282, 292 Opportunistic Infections, 12, 282 Oropharynx, 21, 282 Osteogenic sarcoma, 16, 282 Osteosarcoma, 43, 282 Overall survival, 123, 151, 162, 282 Ovulation, 276, 282 Ovum, 273, 282, 288 P P53 gene, 33, 46, 282 Pachymeningitis, 277, 282 Paclitaxel, 130, 282 Paediatric, 75, 79, 126, 282 Palate, 280, 282, 299 Palliative, 276, 283, 298 Pancreas, 241, 248, 257, 283, 301

Pancreatic, 34, 260, 283 Pancreatic cancer, 260, 283 Pancytopenia, 25, 283 Paraneoplastic syndrome, 35, 283 Parietal, 283, 286 Parotid, 283, 293 Partial remission, 283, 291 Partial response, 137, 283 Particle, 283, 300 Patch, 273, 283 Pathogen, 7, 24, 55, 269, 283 Pathogenesis, 9, 21, 23, 35, 37, 45, 47, 49, 56, 59, 63, 77, 283 Pathologic, 70, 96, 246, 248, 255, 268, 283, 292 Pathologic Processes, 246, 283 PDQ, 220, 221, 222, 283 Pelvic, 283, 288 Pentostatin, 189, 283 Peptide, 26, 33, 261, 283, 286, 288, 289 Pericardium, 284, 298 Periodontal disease, 243, 284 Peripheral stem cells, 183, 185, 265, 284 Pharmacodynamics, 47, 284 Pharmacokinetic, 284 Pharmacologic, 16, 41, 46, 265, 284, 300 Pharynx, 280, 282, 284, 299 Phenotype, 20, 28, 31, 59, 284 Phlebotomy, 23, 284 Phospholipases, 284, 294 Phosphorus, 249, 284 Phosphorylation, 9, 60, 284 Photopheresis, 189, 284 Physical Examination, 184, 284 Physiologic, 242, 265, 277, 284, 290, 292, 298 Physiology, 57, 285 Phytohemagglutinins, 275, 285 Phytotoxin, 285, 292 Pigment, 276, 285 Pilot Projects, 46, 285 Pilot study, 4, 8, 13, 25, 56, 103, 285 Pituitary Gland, 255, 261, 285 Placenta, 285, 288, 301 Placental blood transplantation, 188, 285 Plants, 264, 266, 272, 277, 285, 300 Plasma cells, 244, 279, 285 Plasmid, 54, 285, 302 Plasmin, 245, 285 Plasminogen, 245, 285 Platelet Activation, 285, 294 Platelet Aggregation, 94, 244, 286

314 Hodgkin’s Disease

Platelets, 184, 279, 283, 285, 286, 299 Platinum, 252, 274, 286 Pleura, 75, 286 Pleural, 237, 286 Ploidy, 48, 286 Pneumonitis, 65, 83, 286 Podophyllotoxin, 261, 286 Poisoning, 277, 286, 294 Polymerase, 11, 67, 75, 79, 286, 292 Polymerase Chain Reaction, 67, 75, 79, 286 Polymorphic, 53, 286 Polymorphism, 53, 196, 286 Polypeptide, 243, 253, 261, 267, 285, 286, 298, 303 Polyposis, 253, 286 Polysaccharide, 245, 286 Pons, 249, 286 Population Control, 22, 63, 287 Porphyria, 284, 287 Porphyria Cutanea Tarda, 284, 287 Posterior, 244, 251, 282, 283, 287, 299 Postnatal, 287, 297 Postsynaptic, 287, 294 Potentiates, 271, 287 Potentiation, 287, 294 Practicability, 131, 287, 300 Practice Guidelines, 216, 287 Preclinical, 13, 30, 287 Precursor, 256, 259, 260, 265, 285, 287 Predictive factor, 121, 147, 287 Prednisolone, 116, 118, 130, 287 Prednisone, 70, 116, 117, 122, 127, 132, 134, 138, 144, 147, 150, 157, 163, 164, 184, 287, 288 Preleukemia, 279, 287, 295 Prevalence, 50, 52, 282, 288 Primary tumor, 12, 33, 288 Probe, 35, 288 Procarbazine, 70, 116, 117, 118, 132, 134, 150, 163, 288 Progesterone, 276, 288 Prognostic factor, 102, 117, 124, 134, 288 Progression, 21, 33, 244, 288 Progressive, 88, 154, 173, 250, 258, 261, 265, 280, 285, 288, 301 Promoter, 19, 22, 56, 288 Promyelocytic leukemia, 154, 288 Prophase, 279, 288, 298 Prophylaxis, 56, 288, 301 Prospective Studies, 16, 288 Prospective study, 88, 125, 149, 288 Prostate, 13, 51, 52, 60, 248, 288, 301

Protease, 253, 288 Protein C, 27, 243, 247, 252, 273, 288, 302 Protein S, 19, 196, 248, 263, 280, 288 Proteinuria, 279, 280, 289 Proteolytic, 253, 285, 289, 292 Protocol, 16, 19, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 117, 203, 288, 289 Protons, 243, 268, 271, 289, 290 Proto-Oncogene Proteins, 282, 289 Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mos, 282, 289 Psychiatric, 82, 277, 289 Psychiatry, 96, 289 Psychology, 48, 51, 258, 289 Public Health, 6, 57, 58, 63, 216, 289 Public Policy, 215, 289 Publishing, 64, 199, 289 Pulmonary, 79, 83, 97, 133, 139, 147, 149, 248, 260, 289 Pulse, 278, 289 Purpura, 73, 142, 289 Q Quality of Life, 4, 13, 15, 51, 52, 88, 103, 289, 297 Quiescent, 27, 289 R Race, 52, 276, 289 Radiation oncologist, 39, 282, 290 Radioactive, 249, 265, 268, 269, 271, 272, 273, 278, 281, 282, 290, 293, 303 Radiobiology, 273, 290 Radioimmunotherapy, 26, 253, 290 Radiolabeled, 83, 272, 290, 303 Radiological, 85, 200, 290 Radiology, 48, 69, 71, 83, 87, 102, 109, 126, 141, 190, 290 Radiotherapy, 5, 16, 32, 34, 42, 44, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 77, 86, 95, 97, 101, 103, 104, 109, 116, 117, 118, 121, 122, 124, 126, 127, 130, 132, 134, 136, 137, 138, 148, 149, 150, 155, 156, 158, 159, 160, 162, 163, 164, 196, 249, 272, 290, 297, 303 Randomized clinical trial, 5, 47, 290 Reactivation, 12, 29, 125, 290 Reading Frames, 23, 290 Receptor, 8, 13, 24, 37, 53, 55, 57, 59, 76, 92, 241, 245, 290, 294 Recombinant, 30, 57, 290, 302 Recombination, 54, 263, 291 Reconstitution, 54, 56, 291 Rectum, 245, 249, 253, 257, 263, 270, 272, 288, 291

Index 315

Recur, 32, 291 Recurrence, 12, 32, 33, 51, 291 Red blood cells, 184, 260, 266, 279, 287, 291 Refer, 1, 37, 253, 262, 267, 273, 280, 281, 290, 291 Refraction, 291, 296 Regeneration, 261, 291 Registries, 52, 58, 291 Regression Analysis, 258, 291 Relative Biological Effectiveness, 32, 291 Relative risk, 25, 241, 291 Remission, 4, 29, 97, 144, 163, 202, 275, 291 Renal Artery, 69, 292 Repopulation, 26, 292 Repressor, 9, 282, 292 Research Personnel, 41, 292 Resection, 4, 23, 32, 292 Residual disease, 13, 16, 49, 292 Resorption, 3, 243, 292 Respiration, 278, 292 Response rate, 10, 292 Restoration, 290, 291, 292, 303 Reticuloendotheliosis, 60, 292 Retinal, 258, 292 Retinoblastoma, 34, 292 Retroviral vector, 35, 57, 292 Retrovirus, 55, 60, 292 Rhabdomyosarcoma, 47, 61, 190, 292 Ribonucleoproteins, 281, 292 Ribose, 10, 54, 241, 292 Ricin, 116, 119, 292 Risk factor, 22, 27, 52, 63, 80, 130, 288, 291, 292 Rituximab, 10, 157, 163, 182, 187, 208, 293 S Saliva, 21, 293 Salivary, 256, 257, 283, 293 Salivary glands, 256, 257, 293 Salvage Therapy, 82, 91, 92, 106, 108, 120, 121, 122, 140, 143, 147, 148, 149, 160, 253, 293 Sarcoid, 105, 293 Sarcoidosis, 105, 108, 293 Sarcoma, 6, 27, 28, 36, 38, 43, 57, 58, 61, 94, 293, 295 Scans, 85, 141, 184, 237, 293 Scleroderma, 89, 293 Sclerosis, 4, 35, 80, 96, 107, 126, 161, 177, 179, 188, 279, 293 Screening, 9, 21, 52, 62, 71, 202, 252, 283, 293

Second cancer, 12, 159, 165, 202, 203, 293 Secretion, 10, 24, 255, 267, 271, 278, 279, 293, 294 Segmental, 142, 293 Segmentation, 293 Segregation, 14, 25, 291, 293 Seizures, 264, 293 Selective estrogen receptor modulator, 293, 298 Semen, 105, 288, 294 Semisynthetic, 261, 294 Septicemia, 81, 294 Sequence Analysis, 31, 294 Sequencing, 31, 286, 294, 298 Serologic, 22, 50, 63, 80, 294 Serology, 49, 63, 294 Serotonin, 256, 294 Serous, 286, 294 Serum, 10, 35, 45, 49, 74, 95, 106, 107, 125, 126, 149, 162, 204, 242, 244, 245, 253, 268, 291, 294, 301 Sex Characteristics, 242, 294 Shame, 248, 294 Shedding, 294, 302 Side effect, 8, 164, 182, 183, 184, 207, 209, 242, 248, 256, 279, 294, 297, 299, 302 Signal Transduction, 9, 81, 294 Signs and Symptoms, 291, 295 Single-agent, 65, 116, 130, 295 Sister Chromatid Exchange, 33, 295 Skeletal, 87, 141, 279, 295 Skeleton, 272, 295 Skull, 295, 298 Small cell lung cancer, 35, 295 Small intestine, 182, 259, 267, 271, 295 Smoldering leukemia, 279, 295 Social Environment, 289, 295 Social Support, 5, 187, 295 Soft tissue, 53, 61, 80, 248, 295 Soft tissue sarcoma, 53, 61, 80, 295 Solid tumor, 13, 16, 43, 44, 45, 47, 60, 61, 178, 179, 180, 185, 187, 190, 244, 248, 258, 274, 295 Soma, 295 Somatic, 23, 31, 59, 242, 267, 276, 278, 295 Somatic mutations, 23, 31, 295 Specialist, 222, 226, 295 Species, 242, 243, 250, 252, 253, 258, 267, 272, 276, 277, 278, 289, 295, 300, 302, 303 Specificity, 57, 242, 287, 296 Spectrum, 6, 29, 31, 81, 296 Sperm, 99, 151, 157, 251, 295, 296, 300

316 Hodgkin’s Disease

Spermatogenesis, 157, 296 Spermatozoa, 294, 296 Spinal cord, 246, 249, 251, 259, 263, 277, 280, 281, 282, 296, 298 Spinal tap, 184, 274, 296 Spleen, 256, 274, 293, 296 Splenectomy, 196, 197, 239, 296 Splenomegaly, 236, 270, 296 Sporadic, 287, 292, 296 Squamous, 265, 296, 302 Squamous cell carcinoma, 265, 296, 302 Squamous cells, 265, 296 Staging, 17, 83, 93, 112, 129, 153, 199, 200, 293, 296 Standard therapy, 93, 122, 147, 284, 296 Statistically significant, 41, 296 Stem Cells, 26, 30, 97, 122, 149, 184, 185, 186, 243, 266, 284, 285, 296, 297, 301 Stereotactic, 38, 46, 297 Sterility, 100, 256, 297 Stimulant, 256, 267, 297 Stimulus, 258, 259, 261, 272, 297 Stomach, 71, 241, 257, 261, 263, 267, 273, 284, 295, 296, 297 Strand, 10, 34, 54, 286, 297 Stress, 44, 54, 236, 262, 297 Stroke, 191, 214, 297 Subacute, 270, 297 Subclinical, 270, 293, 297 Subcutaneous, 251, 259, 297 Substance P, 291, 293, 297 Substrate, 54, 297 Support group, 239, 297 Supportive care, 15, 16, 46, 283, 297 Suppression, 5, 8, 28, 255, 257, 263, 297 Suppurative, 251, 297 Survival Rate, 4, 282, 297 Sympathetic Nervous System, 281, 297 Symphysis, 288, 298 Synaptic, 294, 298 Synchrony, 54, 298 Synergistic, 8, 283, 298 Systemic, 80, 101, 154, 161, 208, 245, 248, 270, 272, 287, 290, 293, 294, 298, 300, 303 Systemic lupus erythematosus, 80, 298 T Tacrolimus, 179, 298 Tamoxifen, 12, 294, 298 Telomere, 54, 298 Temporal, 58, 298 Teratogenic, 243, 298 Testicular, 10, 23, 35, 161, 298

Testis, 298 Thalassemia, 8, 266, 298 Therapeutics, 41, 47, 208, 298 Thermal, 246, 258, 281, 286, 298 Thiotepa, 161, 298 Thoracic, 18, 162, 257, 274, 286, 299 Thorax, 241, 274, 299 Thrombin, 261, 286, 288, 299 Thrombocytes, 286, 299 Thrombocytopenia, 76, 299 Thrombomodulin, 288, 299 Thrombophlebitis, 110, 299 Thrombosis, 289, 297, 299 Thrombus, 255, 270, 286, 299 Thymidine, 8, 9, 299 Thymidine Kinase, 8, 9, 299 Thymus, 76, 238, 269, 274, 299 Thyroid, 108, 126, 299 Thyroid Gland, 299 Thyroiditis, 90, 299 Tomography, 73, 78, 83, 112, 129, 135, 137, 139, 153, 165, 299 Tonsil, 27, 299 Tooth Preparation, 241, 299 Total-body irradiation, 93, 189, 299 Toxic, iv, 6, 55, 203, 243, 256, 260, 269, 276, 285, 286, 298, 299, 300 Toxicokinetics, 299 Toxicology, 216, 300 Toxins, 245, 259, 270, 278, 290, 294, 300 Trace element, 251, 252, 300 Transcriptase, 292, 300 Transcription Factors, 18, 22, 60, 300 Transduction, 31, 57, 294, 300 Transfection, 21, 22, 162, 248, 300 Transfer Factor, 269, 300 Translation, 280, 290, 300 Translational, 7, 30, 31, 43, 263, 300 Translocation, 9, 300 Trauma, 280, 300 Treatment Failure, 203, 300 Treatment Outcome, 17, 19, 121, 143, 145, 300 Trisomy, 244, 300 Tropism, 24, 300 Tubulin, 45, 278, 300 Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, 20, 301 Tumor marker, 248, 301 Tumor Necrosis Factor, 149, 301 Tumor suppressor gene, 274, 282, 301 Tumour, 81, 99, 123, 153, 263, 301

Index 317

U Ulcer, 251, 301 Ulcerative colitis, 203, 270, 301 Umbilical Arteries, 301 Umbilical Cord, 181, 188, 285, 301 Umbilical cord blood, 181, 188, 285, 301 Umbilical cord blood transplantation, 181, 301 Unconscious, 268, 301 Unresectable, 185, 301 Ureters, 292, 301 Urethra, 288, 301 Urine, 209, 248, 253, 289, 301 Uterus, 251, 277, 288, 301 V Vaccination, 12, 28, 30, 58, 301 Vaccine, 28, 30, 61, 188, 242, 289, 301 Vagina, 251, 257, 277, 301 Varicella, 8, 12, 110, 302 Vascular, 104, 111, 270, 285, 299, 302 VE, 66, 302 Vector, 30, 50, 300, 302 Vein, 184, 271, 281, 283, 284, 299, 301, 302 Venous, 184, 289, 302 Ventricles, 251, 302 Ventricular, 298, 302 Veterinary Medicine, 215, 302

Vinca Alkaloids, 302 Vincristine, 43, 70, 116, 117, 127, 130, 131, 132, 134, 138, 150, 157, 163, 164, 184, 288, 300, 302 Vindesine, 158, 302 Vinorelbine, 120, 143, 146, 188, 302 Viremia, 55, 302 Virion, 24, 302 Virulence, 246, 299, 302 Virus Shedding, 21, 302 Viscera, 279, 295, 302 Vitro, 6, 23, 24, 38, 41, 302 Vivo, 22, 24, 27, 30, 31, 38, 63, 88, 275, 302 W War, 53, 276, 303 Wound Healing, 261, 303 X Xenograft, 244, 303 X-ray, 173, 174, 177, 178, 184, 237, 238, 254, 262, 272, 281, 290, 293, 297, 303 X-ray therapy, 272, 303 Y Yeasts, 262, 284, 303 Z Zinc Fingers, 9, 303 Zoster, 8, 12, 110, 303 Zymogen, 288, 303

318 Hodgkin’s Disease

Index 319

320 Hodgkin’s Disease