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NNKQKSWG XEFG EKG XORG dFNTKSKERG 7PFJJOPR NnZPIFVGDEFGeFPnZPQKSGXFPG`FEXFKG^FRFKGMOPGROKNIGQKXGhfPREYZIESV {`FPJFQSIG ZORIG XQG UEYZG KEYZI|WG FPaHTPIFG fiOPVG {j`FPG hEFHHFEYZIG ERIG FRG MEPaHEYZ `FRRFPWGn`FPZOQgIGFIMORGJQGhFPRQYZFKWGOHRGhfPGREYZGZEKGJQGXTUUFPKV| {[FZPG hFPKnKNIESWG UFEKG OHIFPG KFQFPG cPFQKXV|G 7PFJJOPG RIEFmG FEKG ]OYZFKG OQRV {hFPRQYZFKG MEPG SFUFEKROUG QKRFPFG sUSF`QKSG JQG RfKXEFPFKVGj`FPG `EIIFG JQYaF KEYZIGMEFXFPGJQPnYaWGMFKKGXQGXFKGkaFHGXFRGffXFRGQKXGXFPGhFPKEYZIQKSGRgnPRIV| [EFG RYZMEFSFKWG MTZPFKXG EZPG SFUFEKROUFPG SFERIESFPG cnZHFPG XFKG ^FSG KOYZ XPOQmFKGRQYZIFVG7PFJJOPGROUUFHIFGXEFGkEKXPnYaFWGRfKXEFPIFGREFGQKXGSO`GREFGOK fiOPGMFEIFPWGXFPGREFGOKOHiREFPIFVG[fGhFPRIPEYZGXEFGLFEIWGEKGXFPGREYZGKFQFRG^ERRFKGEK fiOPGROUUFHIFV [YZHEFmHEYZGSFHOKSIFGXFPGIORIFKXFGjPUGOKGXEFG\`FPNHTYZFGXFPGPfIFKG[fKKFGwQKaV DEFG`FEXFKGNPFEMEHHESGUEIFEKOKXFPGhFP`QKXFKFKGlKIFHHESFKJFKGKOZUFKGXORGOQNWGMOR XQPYZG XEFG ifKRIFHHOIEfKG eOPRbebeOPRG XOPSFRIFHHIG MQPXFVG kRG MOPFKG RYZPFYaHEYZF 5fUFKIFGNnPGfiOPVGkPGMOKXGREYZWGQKXGOHRGFPGREYZGEKGRFEKGdFNTKSKERGJQPnYaJEFZFK MfHHIFWGhFPMFZPIFGEZUG7PFJJOPGXEFRFKG^QKRYZGKEYZIV DEFG EKKFPFG QKXG KQPG HfRFG hFP`EKXQKSG JMERYZFKG XFKG `FEXFKG `HEF`G `FRIFZFKVG DOR PFEYZIFGOQRWGQUGMFEIFPGdFXOKaFKGOQRJQIOQRYZFKVG7PFJJOPGMOPIFIFGSFXQHXESWG`ER RFEKGKFQFPG7OPIKFPGREYZGUFHXFIFV {DEFG DEKSFWG XEFG SFRYZFZFKG REKXWG XEFG hfPG fKFKG `FSOKKFKG QKXG 6FIJIG KfYZG XfPI XPOQmFKGMEPaFKWGREKXGO`RYZFQHEYZFPWGOHRGEYZGFRGUEPGEKGXFKGhFPPnYaIFRIFKGfPTQUFK 6FGOQRSFUOHIGZO`F|WGRI_ZKIFGXEFGlKIFHHESFKJGXFPG[IFPKFKEKRFHGeOPRVG{sKXGXORWGMOR EUGlKKFPKGhfKGwQKaGREYZGKTZFPIWGERIGMEXFPMTPIESFPGQKXGSFUFEKFPWGOHRGUFEKGffXGFR
RFEKGa_KKIFV| {DPnYaFG XEYZG XFQIHEYZFPG OQR|WG hFPHOKSIFG 7PFJJOPVG {lYZG `FREIJFG KEYZIG XEF cTZESaFEIFKGMEFGXQVG^ORGUEYZGO`RI_mIWGERIWGXOmGXfPIGXPOQmFKGeOPRbebeOPRGERIGQKX KEYZIGcOPiKIbebcOPiKIV| {kEKFG h_HHESG QK`FXFQIFKXFG cF`FKRTYZHEYZaFEIWG XEFG MfZHG KQPG OQNG FEKFUG LQNOHH `FPQZIV|G fiOPG RIEFmG IPfIJG XFRG kPKRIFRG XFPG ]OSFG FEKG ]OYZFKG OQRVG kRG aHOKSG O`FP MFKESFPGRfWGOHRGf`GFPGREYZGOUnREFPFGQKXGUFZPGMEFGIEFNFGhFPJMFENHQKSVG{fOIROYZF ERIWG XOmG QKRFPFG `FEXFKG [IFPKFKEKRFHKG SFMOHIROUG EKFEKOKXFPSFNnSIG MQPXFKV dHFEYZJFEIESG MQPXFKG MEPG EKG XEFRFG hFP`OKKQKSG SFRIFYaIVG iHOPG ERIG JQUG fFEHG OQYZW MOPQUG XEFRFRG SFMOHIESFG sKIFPKFZUFKG SFRIOPIFIG MQPXFVG DORG iPFQJG OQRG cOPiKI QKXG eOPRG XEFKIG XOJQWG FEKFG FHFUFKIOPFG hfPOQRRFIJQKSG JQG RYZONNFKWG KTUHEYZ `FPSTKSFGEKGFEKFKGOKXFPFKG9OQUGJQGFPJFQSFKVGsKRFPFGSFERIESFGifUgfKFKIF RgEFHIFGXO`FEGFEKFGFKIRYZFEXFKXFG9fHHFWGXFKKGafRUERYZFGiPTNIFGMEPaFKGUEIWGXEF OQYZGEYZGKEYZIGhFPRIFZFKGaOKKV| {^OPQUGRfHHFKGMEPGXOKKGO`FPG6FIJIGSFI_IFIGMFPXFKx|GRIOQKIFG7PFJJOPV {DORG^FRFKWGXORG6FIJIGeOPRbebeOPRG`FZFPPRYZIWG`FK_IESIGXEFG`FPSTKSFWGXEFGUOK cO`FHG KFKKIWG EKG inPJFG KEYZIG UFZPVG kRG MEPXG jKIEbk[G SFKOKKIWG QKXG FRG ERIG XFP KFSOIEhFGSFERIESFGjQRNHQmGFEKFRGhfHaFRWGXORGUOKGfFPPOKFPGKFKKIV| {lYZGaFKKFGaFEKFGfFPPOKFPV| {lYZG OQYZG KEYZIVG DEFG fFPPOKFPG RIOUUFKG MFXFPG OQRG eOPRG KfYZG OQRG cOPiKIVGj`FP OQYZGXORGERIGKEYZIGMEPaHEYZGhfKGeFXFQIQKSVGDEFGkPaFKKIKERWGXOmGQKRFPGMEPaHEYZFP dFSKFPGFEKGn`FPRIOPaFRG^FRFKGERIWGXORGOQRGXFUG9OQUGZFPOQRGOSEFPIWGEKGXFKGXEF cO`FHGNnZPFKWGERIGhfKGeFXFQIQKSVGjKIEbk[GZOIGXORG[YZENNGUEIGRFEKFPGjQRSF`QPIWGXFP 7FKFIPOKJWGQKXGXFPGhFPKEYZIQKSRMONNFGSFRYZEYaIWGQUGQKRGJQG`FRFEIESFKVGDORGERI XORGdPOQFKWGXORGMEPGhFPRgnPIGZO`FKV|G{lYZGZ_PFGXFEKFG^fPIFWGUFEKGcPFQKXGfiOPW O`FPGEYZGhFPRIFZFGREFGEKZOHIHEYZGKEYZIVG^OPQUGMEHHGXEFRFRGjKIEbk[GQKRGI_IFKWGMFKK FRG REYZG XOXQPYZG JMOKSRHTQNESG RFEKFPG cO`FHG `FPOQ`Ix|G {DORG RYZFEKIG FEK ^EXFPRgPQYZGJQGRFEK|WGFKISFSKFIFGfiOPVG{kRGERIGO`FPGaFEKFPVG5EIGXFPGLFPRI_PQKS XFRG HFIJIFKG cO`FHRG ERIG XFPG LFEIgQKaIG SFafUUFKWG OKG XFUGjKIEbk[G hfHHRITKXESG EK eOPRGQKXGcOPiKIGRFEKGMEPXVG[fGREFZIGFRGXEFG7FKFIPOKJWGQKXGEZPFGdFXOKaFKGREKXGXEF EZPFRGgFPPKGEKGXFPGcOUFKHfRFKGLfKFVGjKIEbk[G`FO`REYZIESIWGKEYZIGUFZPGOKGXEFRFK \PIGJQPnYaJQaFZPFKVGkRGMEHHGRFEKFG`_RFG5OYZIGEKGQKRFPFUGsKEhFPRQUGOQR`PFEIFKV sKXGXONnPG`POQYZIGFRGQKRG`FRIEUUIGKEYZIV| cQKGMOPGFRG7PFJJOPWGXFPGOQNRI_ZKIFV
34 DEFGHIJGKFLFMNFGOEPQGOFENGFERFSGQTUKFRGHNVRWFGTVXGWFSGYZSMFOFQFRFRG[TS\KTQR V]G^VR\_GFNLTG``abcccGdEUZ]FNFSGERRFSQTUKGWFSGe]UTVXFUUEfOFGYZRG^VR\GgbGDTGOEF WTKFEGXTONGhFQR]TUGOZGOPQRFUUGLTSGLEFGWFSG\UFERFSFG[UTRFN_GLiSWFGOEFGERGdiShFGER WFOOFRGjkQFGMFSTNFRb lERFG dZSYFNNFG ]ENG NFPQREOPQFRG HfFhETUMFSkNFRG LTSG TVOMFOPQUFVONG LZSWFR_G V] MF]FEROT]G ]ENG WF]G mVNNFSOPQEXXG QZPQMFRTVFG dVShfFEUVRMFRG WVSPQXiQSFRG hV \nRRFRbG lOG MERMG WTKFEG FERhEMG VRWG TUUFERG V]G WEFG OFUNOT]FRG IKoF\NF_G WEFG LESG E] gRRFSRGYZRG^VR\GYFS]VNFNFRGVRWGV]GWFRGpVXFRNQTUNOZSNGWFSGpqHljpJ^rdGggbGDT WEFG qZVNERFTSKFENG YEFUG UFENG KFRnNEMNFG VRWG EPQG WEFG HfFhETUEONFRG WVSPQG ]FERF pRLFOFRQFENGREPQNGONnSFRGLZUUNF_GYFSUEFVGEPQGWEFGUFRNSTUFbGpVPQGWSFP\PSZLRGXTYFO QTNNFGOEPQGERGWEFGdUTVOFGKFMFKFR_GVRWGZTSTGDZhGUEFVGOEPQGKFEGWEFOF]GFERXTPQFR qZVNERFXUVMGWVSPQGTRWFSFG[EUZNFRGVRWGHljlZpGYFSNSFNFRbGHEFGLES\NFGOFENG[TMFR OZGFSRONGLEFGREFGhVYZSbG\TQSOPQFERUEPQGOFNhNFRGEQSGWEFGSkNOFUQTXNFRGlSUFKREOOFGhV_ KFEGWFRFRGOEFGV]OGJFKFRGMF\Z]]FRGLTSGVRWGWZPQGLEFWFSGREPQNbGlERFGlS\UkSVRM QTNNFRGLESGREPQNGKF\Z]]FRb lSLTSNVRMOMF]kVGKUEFKG[YTSEGKFEGmoTEUT]bGDEFGKFEWFRGONFP\NFRGRVRGLEFWFSGVRNFS FERFSGDFP\FbGDTGEPQGWTOGRVSGhVGMVNGYFSONFQFRG\ZRRNF_GF]fXTRWGEPQG]FSONkRWREO ONTNNGlEXFSOVPQNbG[YTSEGLTSGREPQNGYnUUEMGXSFEGXiSG]EPQ_GTVPQGLFRRGOEFG]EPQGUEFKNFbGHEF LTSGERGSkNOFUQTXNFSG\FEOFGFERGUnMUERMG[YTSObGeRWGKFYZSGOEFGWEFGpVXMTKF_GWEFGEQS WZSNG MFONFUUNG LZSWFRG LTS_G REPQNG FSXiUUNG QTNNF_G LiSWFG FOG XiSG VROG KFEWFG \FERF TRWTVFSRWFG ]FSKERWVRMG MFKFRG \nRRFRbG gPQG OVPQNFG FERFG LFREMG KFLZQRNFG UZRF hLEOPQFRG HIJ^ZENY_G ]FERF]G ONkRWEMFRG 8VTSNEFS_G VRWG WF]G qERMLVUONG WFO mENNFUNFEUOG TVX_G WFRRG EPQG LZUUNFG ]ENG ]FERFRG 9FWTR\FRG TUUFERG OFERbG DFSG l:NSTOERR SFOfF\NEFSNFG]FERGWFMFQSFRGVRWGOPQLEFMb HZG SkNOFUNFG EPQG iKFSG WEFG WFWFVNVRMG WFSG oiRMONFRG lSFEMREOOF_G ZQRFG hVG FERF] \ZR\SFNFRGlSMFKREOGhVG\Z]]FRbGlERGVRKFONE]]NFOG9FXiQUGOTMNFG]ES_GWTVGWEFGUFEN OPQRFUUFSGYFSONSEPQGVRWGWTVGOEPQGTRWFSFRZSNOGKFSFENOGDERMFGFSFEMRFNFR_GWEFGWTO QTVPQWiRRFG WUTNNG VROFSFSG l:EONFRhG ]FQSG VRWG ]FQSG hVG VROFSFRG eRMVRONFR LFRWFNFRbG]FSMFKFROGYFSOVPQNFGEPQ_GWEFGLTQSFRGpKOEPQNFRGWFSGdZO]Z\STNFRGhV FS\FRRFRGZWFSG]EPQGTRGWEFGUFENGhVGFSERRFSR_GWEFGEPQGKFEGEQRFRGYFSKSTPQNGQTNNFbGDT LTSGREPQNOGERG]FERF]GdZfX;GlOGLTSG\FERFGHfFSSF_GFOGLTSGREPQNOb gPQGWTPQNFGTRG[FSSYGqQZWTRGVRWGWEFGlSWF_GVRWGEPQGXSTMNFG]EPQ_GZKGWEFGDERMF_GWEF EPQGWVSPQONFQFRG]VVNF_GLES\UEPQGUFNhNFRGlRWFOGWFSGmFROPQQFENGWEFRFRGLiSWFRb
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U_PdLZaW―L[PVO‚LdaR_VaWPNL‖UN[PLVQP]L‡URLVaKLQJKLaUJK―L[a„LVQJK QKNPL `aVVPL VJKRPddL gPNcPKNOP]L eO‖aVL [NTR_OPL VQPL g‚RL [PNL
U_PdKYddPL ah]L ‘aL PV ahcUVPKPRL‖aN―L[a„LVQPLQKNL”QPdLRQJKOLPNNPQJKPRL‖YN[P―LVJKadOPOPLQJKL[PRLfRONQPh WPQRPVL fRcU_VL PQRL UR[L \d‚_L KQROPNKPN]L IJKL VPdhVOL V‛YNOPL RQJKOV―L ‖aVL WQJK cUNYJZKQPdO]L “‚L ‛aJZOPL QJKL [PRL …N‚JZPR―L [PNL VJK‚RL aU\L [QPL †Td\OPL VPQRPV ‥‚dUWPRVL cUVaWWPR_PVJKW‚dcPRL ‖aN―L UR[L ONU_L QKRL hQVL aRL [QPLfU„PRKYddPL [PV SP\TR_RQVVPVLKPNaR] ‥PNVJK‖QR[PLg‚RLKQPN‰L‖UN[PLQJKL_P‖aNRO]L‘aLQJKLVaK―L[a„LVQJKL[PNLN‚O_NYRPL“O‚\\ aRL [PNL fU„PR‖aR[L \PVOVaU_OP―L WaJKOPL QJKL ZPKNO]L ‡‚JKL hPg‚NL QJKL ‖QP[PNL [PR …‚[PRL PNNPQJKOP―L ‖QNhPdOPL WQJKL PQRPL ‘NUJZ‖PddPL \‚NO]L IJKL VaK―L ‖QPL [QP SP\TR_RQVZU_PdL QRL gQPdPL OaUVPR[L ‖QRcQ_PL …NUJKVOYJZPL cPNV‛NaR_]L `‣aQdaWL UR[ ‟‧aNQL‛UNcPdOPRL[aNaUVLKPNg‚N]L‘QPL‘NUJZ‖PddPLVJKdPU[PNOPLVQPLaUVPQRaR[PN―LUR[ ‟QJZPNL _NQ\\L RaJKL [PNL NaUL UR[L KQPdOL VQPL \PVO―L [aWQOL VQPL RQJKOL _P_PRL PQRPL ^aR[ ‛NaddPRLZ‚RROP]L`‣aQdaWLKad\LVQJKLVPdhVOL[UNJKLPQRPRLZUNcPRL“‛NUR_L[aRZLVPQRPN RURL‖QP[PNL\NPQLPRO\adOhaNPRL
NT\OP] –^aVL‖aNL[aV‗—LZPUJKOPL‟‧aNQ―LadVL‟QJZPNLVQPLRPhPRLWQNLahVPOcOP] –‥PNWUOdQJKLPQRPLaUO‚WaOQVJKPLaddP—―LaRO‖‚NOPOPLQJK]L–SPRaUL‖PQ„LQJKLPVLaUJK RQJKO]L․R[L‖PRRLRQJKOL[PNL
dUW‛PRLPRVPQOVWaOPNQPLaU\_POaUJKOL‖TNP―LKTOOPLQJK PUJKLRQJKOLKPNaUVK‚dPRLZMRRPR]— –․R‖QJKOQ_]—L ‟‧aNQL hdQJZOPL ‖QP[PNL `‣aQdaWL aR]L –^QNL WYVVPRL ‖PQOPN]L ‟‧aNL UR[ bNPccaNLVOPKPRLZUNcLg‚NL[PNL‥PNRQJKOUR_]LIJKLZ‚RROPLaUJKLaUVL[PNL
U_PdLPQRL‛aaN SP[aRZPRLg‚RLQKRPRLaU\\aR_PR]L“QPLV‛NaJKPRL[ahPQLWQOLPQRPWL^PVPR―L[a„LVQJK ‱XfL‚[PNL‱aNaLRPRRO]L“a_OL[QNL[aVLPO‖aV―LfOdaR‗— –‘QPL URhPZaRROPL “OQWWP‰—L \‚d_PNOPL QJKL V‚\‚NO―L [PRRL baNcPddPL KaOOPL WQNL ‣aL ′ hPahVQJKOQ_OL ‚[PNL RQJKOL ′L [PRL PROVJKPQ[PR[PRL †QR‖PQVL _P_PhPR]L –․R[L ‱aNa ZaRRLPQ_PROdQJKLRUNLPQRVLhP[PUOPR]L‘aVL‖PQ„OL[ULaUJK]LfhPNL‱aNaL‘‚cLQVOLO‚O]LIJK KahPL PVL VPdhVOL _PVPKPR]—L –
PQRPL ”PQOL \YNL [UWWPVL SPNP[P‰—L `‣aQdaWL VOPddOP PNRPUOL ZMN‛PNdQJKPRL
‚ROaZOL cUL URVL KPN]L ‟QJZPNL VPOcOPL VQJKL ‖QP[PNL aU\L VPQRP “JKUdOPN]L‘aRRLV‛NaR_L[QPLWTJKOQ_PLSPVOadO―LUR[L‖QNLPNNPQJKOPRL‚KRPL”PQOgPNcU_ PQRPRLTKRdQJKPRLXaUW]L‘QPVPL
U_PdKYddPL‖aNL‣P[‚JKLR‚JKL_NM„PNLadVL[QPLPNVOP―
UR[LQWL`QOOPd‛URZOL[PNL
U_PdLVJK‖PhOPLPQRPLZdPQRPL[URZPdhdaUPL
U_Pd―L[QPLWQJK aRL[aVLSP\TR_RQVLg‚RL‟‧aNQLUR[L`‣aQdaWLPNQRRPNOP] –‘‚NOL [NQRRPRL hP\QR[POL VQJKL [aV—―L Va_OPL ‟‧aNQ―L –‖aVL RURL ‟‧aNL QVO]L eNL KaOL VQJK gPNTR[PNO]LIJKLV‛YNPL‣P[PRLSP[aRZPRLQRLaddPNL‘PUOdQJKZPQO]LeNLKaOLVQJKLgPNZdPQRPNO UR[L Z‚W‛NQWQPNO―L UWL [PWLfR_NQ\\L cUL ‖Q[PNVOPKPR]L ‘ahPQL KaOL PNL ‛NaZOQVJKL PQRP WaOPNQPddPLSPVOadOLaR_PR‚WWPR]L^QNLWYVVPRLQKRLKPNaUVK‚dPR―L[PRRLQRL‖PRQ_PR `QRUOPRL‖QN[L[QPLbPRPONaRcL[PRLbaNOQZPdVON‚W‖PN\PNLaU\L[QPVPL
U_PdcPddPLNQJKOPR UR[LaddPVLgPNRQJKOPR]— –
aRRVOL[ULKQRPQRV‛NQR_PR‗—L\Na_OPLQJKL`‣aQdaW] ‘PNLXQPVPLVJKYOOPdOPLVQJKLUR‖QddQ_]L–“JK‚RLgPNVUJKO]LSPKOLRQJKO]LeO‖aVLNPW[PV UR[LSPKPQWPVLKTdOLWQJKLah]— “‚L ‖QPL [QPL PRVPQOVWaOPNQPL PVL cUg‚NL RQJKOL VJKa\\OP―L [aJKOPL QJK]L ‘QPVP SP\TR_RQVVPLWU„OPRLPQRPRLhPV‚R[PNPRLfh‖PKNWPJKaRQVWUVLhPVQOcPR―L[PNLRQJKO RUNL ‣P_dQJKPWL eRPN_QPhPVJKU„L VOaR[KadOPRL Z‚RROP―L V‚R[PNRL aUJKL addPR K‚JK‖PNOQ_PNPRL`POK‚[PRL‖Q[PNVOaR[―L‖QPL`‣aQdaWVLOPdP‛‚NOPNTKRdQJKPNLTKQ_ZPQO ‚[PNL_aNL[PWL
dUW‛PRLPRVPQOVWaOPNQP] ‘UL VOQRZR‚NWadPNL
PNdL Z‚RROPVOL [QJKL [PNL †YddPL RTKPNR―L Va_OPL [PNL _‚QZVPZO‚N] ‘aNaU\LVJKPQROLVQPLRQJKOL‛N‚_NaWWQPNOLcULVPQR]L‡URL\PKdOL[QNLRUNLR‚JKLPO‖aV―L‖‚WQO [ULVQPLM\\RPRLZaRRVO] –^aNOPO‰—LNQP\LQJKL`‣aQdaWLUR[L‟‧aNQLcULUR[LVJKadOPOPL[PRLfRONQPhLPQR]L`YKPd‚VL_dQOO QJKL RaJKL ‚hPRL aU\L [QPL
U_PdL cU]L ‟‧aNQ―L [QPL VQJKL WQNL aRVJKdQP„PRL ‖‚ddOP―L ‛NaddOP _P_PRLPQRLURVQJKOhaNPVL†QR[PNRQV]L“QPLWU„OPLUWZPKNPR]L‘a\YNL_P‖aKNOPLQJKLahPN ‟QJZPN―L[PNLWQNL‚KRPL“JK‖QPNQ_ZPQOPRL\‚d_PRLZ‚RROP]LeNL\d‚_LaU\L[PRLdPOcOPRL`POPNR V‚_aNLg‚NaUVLUR[LZNaddOPLVQJKLaRL[PNLNaUKPRLfU„PR\dTJKPL\PVO]L‘aVL`aOPNQadL‖QNZOP aU\L WQJKL ‖QPL K‚JKgPN[QJKOPOPNL ‟PNZ‚RQOVOaKd]L `QOL ZPQRPNL [PNL WQO_P\YKNOPRL ^a\\PR UR[L ^PNZcPU_PL Z‚RROPL QJKL QKWL aUJKL RUNL PQRPRL
NaOcPNL cU\Y_PR]L ․ROPRL VJKNQPR `‣aQdaWL UR[L ‟‧aNQL aU\_PNP_O―L [PRRL [QPL e
‛d‚VQ‚RPRL [PNL VQJKL RTKPNR[PR fX“e‡f
L‖UN[PRL‖QP[PNUWLPQRPL‡UaRJPLdaUOPN]L‘aVLNQPVQ_PL“JKQ\\LVJKQPR VQJKL \MNWdQJKL [UNJKL [QPL “‚RRPRWaOPNQPL cUL VJKQP„PR]L YNL “PZUR[PRhNUJKOPQdP [aJKOPL QJKL [aNaR―L [a„L QN_PR[‖aRRL [UNJKL [QPVPL ”PNVOMNUR_PRL [QP “OahQdQOTOVWPJKaRQVWPRL [QPVPNLfRda_PL aUV\addPRL ‖YN[PR]L ‘aRRL ‖TNPL addPL `YKP UWV‚RVOL_P‖PVPR] ‟QJZPNLZNTJKcOP―L‖QPLQJKL[UNJKL[PRLfU„PRdaUOV‛NPJKPNLKMNOP]LIJKLVaK―L‖QPLPNLWQO VPQRPWL _Ph‚_PRPRL “JKRahPdL QRL [QPL KaNOPL `aOPNQPL KTWWPNOPL UR[L [ahPQL WQO
VPQRPRL
NaddPRLVJKaNNOP] eO‖aVLVJKQPNL․R_daUhdQJKPVL_PVJKaK]L‘QPL`aOPNQP―L[QPL`‣aQdaWLah_PVO‚„PRLUR[ aRL [PNL ‘UNJK″UPNUR_L V‛QPdPR[L _PKQR[PNOL KaOOP―L UR[L [QPL \YNL WQJKL ‖QP URcPNVOMNhaNPNL “‛PcQadVOaKdL ‖QNZOP―L gPNKQPdOL VQJKL _P_PRYhPNL [PWL ‥‚_PdL ‖QP V‛NM[PNL “aR[‰L ‘aVL `aOPNQadL cPNZNYWPdOPL UR[L V‛NQOcOPL UROPNL [PRL †QPhPRL ‟QJZPNV aUVPQRaR[PN] ‘QPL‥PNKTdORQVWT„Q_ZPQOL[PNL`QOOPdL‖QN[L[UNJKL[QPVPLaddPLaU\L[PRL
‚‛\L_PVOPddO― PNZdTNOPL[PNLe
ONaVQRR]L‘QPVPLaddPLQVOLRQJKOL\YNLPQRL^PVPRL‖QPLPQRL‟QPNLPNVJKa\\PR ‖‚N[PR―L ‚h‖‚KdL VQPL [QPL YhPN_NPQ\PR[PL IROPddQ_PRcL g‚RL …aNVL aWL eROZ‚WWPR KQR[PNO] IJKLgPNVOaR[LRQJKOL_PRaU―L‖aVL[PNL_‚QZVPZO‚NL[aWQOLWPQROP―LahPNLQJKLPNZaRROP― [a„LVQJKL[QPVPVLSP\TR_RQVL[PRL‣P‖PQdQ_PRLSP_PhPRKPQOPRLg‚RLaU„PRL‚[PNLQRRPR aR‛aVVPRLZ‚RROP]LeVLgPNTR[PNOPLVQJKLQRLVPQRPNL“ONUZOUNLV‚―L[a„LPQRLQROPddQ_PROPV UR[L WTJKOQ_PVL ^PVPRL K‚\\RUR_Vd‚VL cUWL “JKPQOPNRL gPNUNOPQdOL ‖aN]L ‡UNL PO‖aV bNQWQOQgPVL‖QPLPQRL‟QPN―L[aVLaUJKLRaJKL[PWLeNWPVVPRLPQRPNL“U‛PNQROPddQ_PRcLKQPN RQPWadVLaU\OaUJKPRL[YN\OP―LKaOOPL[aLPQRPL‱KaRJP]LeVL‖UR[PNOPLWQJK―L[a„L[QPVPV SP\TR_RQVLRQJKOLaU\L‟QJZPNVL_PKPQWRQVg‚ddPL
NT\OPLaRV‛NaJK―L[QPLQJKLPQ_PROdQJKLadV bVQTKQ_ZPQOPRL QROPN‛NPOQPNOL KaOOP]L IN_PR[‖QPL ‖YN[PL WQNL [QPVPNL †Pd\PNL g‚W fNVPRad‛daRPOPRL‖‚KdLQWWPNLPQRLXTOVPdLhdPQhPR] ‟QJZPNL KaOOPL UROPN[PVVPRL PQRL ‚JKL _PVJKa\\PR―L [UNJKL [aVL PNL QRL [aVL IRRPNP _PdaR_PRL Z‚RROP]L eNL VaKL ‣P[‚JKL [ag‚RL ahL UR[L gPN_NM„PNOPL [QPL ‴\\RUR_]L IJK VJK‖PhOPLcULQKWLKQRLUR[LhdQJZOPLYhPNL[PRL_PcaJZOPRLXaR[]LIRRPRLKPNNVJKOPL\aVO gMddQ_PL‘URZPdKPQO]L‘aRRL_P‖aKNOPLQJKLPQRPRLQJKOVJKPQR]LeO‖aVLhP‖P_OPLVQJK] –…PPQdL[QJK‰—LVJKNQPL‟‧aNQLg‚RLUROPR]LIJKLVJKadOPOPLWPQRPRL†PdWVJKPQR‖PN\PNLPQR UR[LVJK‖aR_LWQJKLQRL[aVL‚JK]L†QPNLKPNNVJKOPL\aVOLZPQRPLSNagQOaOQ‚R―L[aLVQJKL‖‚Kd [QPL “JK‖PNZNa\OL QWL `QOOPd‛URZOL [PVL NQPVQ_PRL
U_PdNaUWVL _P_PRVPQOQ_ RPUONadQVQPNOP]L ‘aRRL PRO[PJZOPL QJKL PQRPL SPVOadO―L [QPL QRL VQJKL gPNZNYWWOL aRL [PN “PQOPR‖aR[L ZaUPNOP]L IJKL NQJKOPOPL WPQRPRL “JKPQR‖PN\PNL [aNaU\L UR[L cUJZOP cUVaWWPR]LYNLPQRPRL`‚WPROL_daUhOPLQJKLOaOVTJKdQJK―L[aVLVPQL‱aNaL‘‚c]LfhPN [a\YNL‖aNL[QPLQ_UNL[‚JKLPO‖aVLcUL_N‚„]LXPQRLTU„PNdQJKL_dQJKLVQPL‱aNaL‣P[‚JKL\aVO aU\VL†aaN]LIJKLVJK‖PhOPLcULQKNLKQRLUR[Lc‚_L[QPLfNWPLg‚WLSPVQJKO]L‘QPL\PKdPR[P SNagQOaOQ‚RLKad\LWQN―L[PRL
MN‛PNLcULVONPJZPR]L‡‚JKLgPNW‚JKOPLQJKLRQJKOLcUL_daUhPR― [a„L VQJKL QRL [QPVPWL ^PVPRL [QPL IROPddQ_PRcL ‟‧aNL gPNhPN_PRL V‚ddOP]L ‘aVL SPVQJKO ‖aR[OPLVQJKLWQNLRURLcU]L‟‧aN‱aNaLM\\RPOPL[QPLfU_PRLUR[LVaKLWQJKLVOaURPR[LaR] ‘QPLQ‛‛PRLhP‖P_OPRLVQJK]LeVL‖aNLZPQRLaUOLcULKMNPR―LahPNL[aVL^‚NOLZ‚RROPLQJK [PUOdQJKLg‚RL[PRLQ‛‛PRLahdPVPR‵
[PUOdQJKLg‚RL[PRLQ‛‛PRLahdPVPR‵ fOdaR‗ –a—―LVa_OPLQJKLYhPNL[PRLfU„PRdaUOV‛NPJKPN]L–IJKLhQRLfOdaR]L
‚WWLWQO―L‟‧aN]—LIJK ‖aN\LWQNL[QPLSPVOadOLYhPNL[QPL“JKUdOPNLUR[LVOQP„LWQJKLg‚RL[PNL^aR[LQRLXQJKOUR_ [PNL‴\\RUR_Lah―L[QPL‟QJZPNLQRc‖QVJKPRL‖PQOPNLgPN_NM„PNOLKaOOP] ‟‧aNL ‚[PNL ‟‧aN‱aNaL \YKdOPL VQJKL RQJKOL ‖QPL PQRL dPhPR[PVL ^PVPRL aR]L eNL ‖QNZOP VJK‖aWWQ_LUR[L‖PQJK―LadVLZMRRPLPNL‣P[PRL`‚WPROLcUL…NPQLcPN\dQP„PR]LIJKLVJK‚h [PRLPQhL[UNJKL[aVL‚JKLUR[LZdPOOPNOPL[aRRLKQROPNKPN]L‟QJZPNL‛aJZOPLWQOLVPQRPR ZNaddPRhP‖PKNOPRL TR_PRL RaJKL ‟‧aN‱aNaL UR[L VJK‖aR_L VQJKL QRL [QPL U\O]L `QO eROVPOcPRLVOPddOPLQJKL\PVO―L[a„L[QPL
NaddPRLOQP\LQRL[PRLbVPU[‚ZMN‛PNL[NaR_PR]L‟‧aN ‱aNaLNPa_QPNOPL[aNaU\LRQJKO―LUR[LPVL‖aNPRLaUJKLZPQRPL“‛UNPRLPQRPNL‥PNdPOcUR_LcU PNZPRRPR]L․ROPRLVOQP„L‟‧aNQLPQRPRLNPU[PRVJKNPQLaUV]L“QPLVJKQPRLcULV‛YNPR―L‖aV VQJKL[aLRTKPNOP] IJKLdaR[POPLZUNcLKQROPNL[PWLf[dPNTKRdQJKPRLaU\L[PNL\PVOPRLIRRPR‖aR[UR_] –^QNLWYVVPRLKQPNL‖P_—―L_N‚ddOPL`‣aQdaW]L–^QNLWYVVPRLcULbNPccaN]LIJKLKahPL‟‧aNQ \NPQ‖QddQ_L [PRL ‥‚NONQOOL _PdaVVPR―L ahPNL ‣POcOL QVOL PVL aRL [PNL ”PQO―L [a„L aUJKL WPQR “JKM‛\PNL_PNPOOPOL‖QN[]— ‟QJZPNL dMVOPL VQJKL g‚RL ‟‧aN―L [PNL VQJKL K‚JKL aU\NQJKOPOP]L eNL ‖aNL WQR[PVOPRVL c‖PQ `POPNL_N‚„] –‘PNL‘aRZLZ‚WWOLV‛TOPN―LfOdaR—―LPNZdaR_LPQRL_aNLRQJKOLcUL[PNLQ_UNL‛aVVPR[PN WTRRdQJKPNL‟‚R]L–eNVOLWU„LQJKL[a\YNLV‚N_PR―L[a„L[QPVPVL_NaUVaWPLSP\TR_RQVL\YN QWWPNLcPNVOMNOL‖QN[]L`PQRPL“OPNRPRQRVPdL…aNV―LWQOL[PNLQJKL‣POcOL‖QP[PNLdPhP―L_QhO WQNL RPUPL
Na\O]—L ‟‧aNVL SPVOadOL gPNVJK‖aWWL g‚NL WPQRPRLfU_PR]L “QPL ‖YN[PL \aVO [UNJKVQJKOQ_―LUR[L‣POcOLWPNZOPLQJKLQKWLPNVOL[aVLINNPadPLaR―L[aVLQKWLaRKa\OPOP]L`QN hNaRROPLc‖aNL[QPLNa_PLaU\L[PRLQ‛‛PR―L‖QPV‚LPNL[QPVPVLTU„PNdQJKPL…Qd[LURVPNPN O‚OPRLeW‚OQ‚RaUOQRLaR_PR‚WWPRLKaOOP―LahPNLQJKLVJK‖QP_] ‘QPLU\OLZRQVOPNOPL\MNWdQJK―LadVL‟‧aNLeRPN_QPRLQRLVQJKLaU\VaU_OP]L‘aRRLPN\‚d_OPLPQRP e
‛d‚VQ‚R―L [QPL URVL addPL g‚RL [PRL …PQRPRL NQ„]L ‘QPL
U_PdL g‚RL ‟‧aNVL PKPWadQ_PW SP\TR_RQVLcPNhaNVOL‚KRPLPNZPRRhaNPLTU„PNPLeQR‖QNZUR_]L‟‧aNLVaRZL‖QP[PNLVJKda\\ QRL VQJKL cUVaWWPR]L eNL KaOOPL ‖‚KdL VPQRPL _aRcPL RPUPL
Na\OL QRL [QPVPL ‟aOL _PdP_O] `‣aQdaW―L[PNLcUPNVOL‖QP[PNLaU\L[PRL…PQRPRL‖aN―L‖aN\LQKRLVQJKLYhPNL[QPL“JKUdOPNR] –‡URLcULbNPccaN—―L[‚RRPNOPLVPQRL…a„]L–fddPLaU\LPQRWadLVJKa\\PLQJKLRQJKO]LIJKL_PKP cUPNVOLWQOL‟‧aN―L[PRRLPNLVOPKOLVJK‚RLQRL
‚ROaZOLWQOLbNPccaN]—
IJKL Z‚RROPL ‖P[PNL ‛N‚OPVOQPNPRL R‚JKL cUVOQWWPR―L [PRRL [PNL hPKaaNOPL XQPVP gPNVJK‖aR[LURWQOOPdhaNL[aNaU\] ‟‧aNQ―L ‟QJZPNL UR[L QJKL ‖aNPRL addPQR]L “QPL ZdaWWPNOPL VQJKL ‛dMOcdQJKL aRL WQJKL UR[ VJKdUJKcOP]L ․RVPNPL XaUWKPdWPL hPKQR[PNOPRL URV―L ahPNL PQRL …dQJZL QRL QKNPLfU_PR gPNNQPOLWQN―L[a„LVQPL_dYJZdQJKL‖aN] eQRPLhaR_PLNa_PLVJKdQJKLVQJKLON‚OcLURVPNPNLR‚JKL_TRcdQJKLUR_PZdTNOPRL“QOUaOQ‚R QRLWPQRPRL
‚‛\]L^aVL‖YN[PLRURLWQOL‟‧aNQL_PVJKPKPR‗LeQ_PROdQJKL‖aNLVQPLaUVL[PN “QJKOL [PNL …aNVIROPddQ_PRcL ‟‧aNL RURL YhPN\dYVVQ_]L “QPL VJKQPRL WPQRPL SP[aRZPR aU\_PR‚WWPRL‚[PNLPNNaOPRLcULKahPR] –
PQRPL baRQZ―L WPQRL QPhPN‰—L IKNPL †aR[L VONQJKL YhPNL [aVL “QJKO\PRVOPNL WPQRPV XaUWKPdWV]L –IJKL hQRL _dYJZdQJK―L [a„L QJKL WPQRPL `QVVQ‚RL PN\YddPRL Z‚RROP]L YNL URV hPQ[PLhP[PUOPOL[aV―L[a„LQJKLRURLRUNLR‚JKL\YNL[QJKL[aVPQRL‖PN[P]— ‟QJZPNL ZNaOcOPL KP\OQ_L aRL WPQRPWL NPJKOPRL ’hPNVJKPRZPd]L IJKL KaOOPL [‚NOL QRL [PR XaUWaRcU_LPQRPLcUVTOcdQJKPL‟aVJKPL\PNOQ_PRLdaVVPR―L[QPL_PNa[PL_N‚„L_PRU_L‖aN― UWL WPQRPRL _P\QP[PNOPRL NPUR[L aU\cURPKWPR]L IJKL M\\RPOPL [PRL ‥PNVJKdU„―L [PRR ‟QJZPNVL‥PNKadOPRLVQ_RadQVQPNOPLSP\aKN]LSdPQJKcPQOQ_L‖aNROPLQJKL‟‧aNQLUR[LVJKadOPOP [QPL “JKUOcVJKQNWPL PQR]L –^‚L hdPQhOL `‣aQdaW‗—L \Na_OPL VQP]L ^QP[PNL Z‚RROPL QJKL QKN ZPQRPLfRO‖‚NOL _PhPR―L [PRRL [QPL \‚d_PR[PRL eNPQ_RQVVPL WaJKOPRL [aVL URWM_dQJK] eQRPLVJK‖PNPL‘PO‚RaOQ‚RLPNZdaR_LQRLURVPNPNLURWQOOPdhaNPRL‡TKP]L‘QPL^aR[L[PV
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