Cisco - Network Management within Campus Networks

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Enabling Network Management within Campus Networks Session 803

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Agenda

I

Device Technology

II

Designing the Network

III

The NMS Platform

IV Application Workflow Examples

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Part I Management Technology in Campus Devices

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Network Management Technology Basics IP

MIB—RMON 1 and 2 SNMP Agent CDP

IP

ILMI

MIB SNMP Agent Syslog

IP

IP CDP

IP

NTP

MIB SNMP Agent Syslog

CDP Get, GetNext, Set, GetBulk NTP

NTP

Responses, SNMP Traps

MIB SNMP Agent

Syslog Message

Syslog

SNMP Manager (CW 2000)

IP Connectivity 803 0979_05F9_c1

IP

SNMP Traps/RMON

Syslog

RMON-MIB CISCO-STACK-MIB BRIDGE-MIB ...

Network Time Protocol

CDP and ILMI 5

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Network Management Technology Basics (Cont.) • VTP management domains (VLAN trunk protocol)

VTP Domain = Building 1

Provides concept of switch locality Geographic aid for topology layout

Routed Core

Allows quick determination of active VLANs per domain Provides locality for URT and policy applications 803 0979_05F9_c1

VTP Domain = Building 2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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Minimum Cisco IOS ® Configuration •

Assign a management IP address Routers: assign IP address to interface Loopback0 “interface Loopback0” “ip address 172.20.18.154 255.255.255.255” (host route) ATM Switches: Assign IP address to internal port or ethernet interface “interface ATM2/0/0” (example of internal LEC config) “ip address 172.20.28.162 255.255.255.248” “lane client ethernet core-mgt”

• Enable neighbor discovery CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol) Enabled on all interfaces by default, except ATM ILMI (Interim Local Management Interface) “atm pvc 2 0 16 ilmi” (enabled by default for LS 1010) 803 0979_05F9_c1

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Minimum IOS Configuration (Cont.) • Enable SNMP “snmp-server community public RO” “snmp-server community pr1v8 RW” (don’t use “private”)

• Enable Logging (for Syslog Messages) “logging on” “logging 172.20.18.5” (CiscoWorks 2000 NMS) “logging trap informational” (limits the messages to level 0–5) “logging source-interface Loopback0” (syslog source IP will always be from Loopback0)

• Enable NTP (Network Time Protocol) “ntp server 172.20.18.188” “ntp source Loopback0” (NTP source IP will always be from Loopback0) 803 0979_05F9_c1

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Minimum Catalyst® Configuration • Assign management IP address “set interface sc0 900 172.20.18.180 255.255.255.240” (in appropriate VLAN)

• Enable CDP/ILMI Enabled on all ports by default

• Configure VTP domain “set vtp domain [Building-1] mode [server|client|transparent]”

• Enable SNMP set snmp community read-only public (set by default) set snmp community read-write private (set by default) NOTE: change the default read-write string! 803 0979_05F9_c1

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Minimum Catalyst Configuration (Cont.) • Enable Logging (for Syslog messages) “set logging server enable” “set logging server 172.20.18.5” (CiscoWorks 2000 NMS) “set logging level informational” (limits the syslog messages to level 0–5)

• Enable NTP “set ntp client enable” “set ntp server 172.20.18.188” “set ntp timezone PST -8” “set summertime enable PST” 803 0979_05F9_c1

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Additional Configuration • Cisco IOS device

• Catalyst switch

Enable Telnet access (“line vty 0 4” and enable passwords)

System name, contact, location

Hostname and SNMP contact, location, chassis-id User login authorization local or TACACS+

User login authorization local or TACACS SNMP trap receiver RMON statistics and history alarms and events

SNMP access lists SNMP trap receiver source loopback0 RMON alarms and events (statistics and history if available) 803 0979_05F9_c1

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Part II Designing the Network for Management How to Provide Reliable Data Transport 803 0979_05F9_c1

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Designing for Management General Guidelines • Design for management from the start, not as an afterthought • Route don’t bridge when possible • Avoid end-to-end VLANs • Build a reliable data transport • Monitor critical links, forget the rest 803 0979_05F9_c1

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Designing for Management Network Design Review

Access (Layer 2)

Distribution (Layer 3) Core (Layer 3/Layer 2)

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Designing for Management Bridging = Problems • Avoid end-to-end bridged VLANs All devices in one subnet

VLAN 1 Bridge

Large spanning tree domain Spanning tree meltdowns

ELAN 1

Bridge

Broadcast storms

VLAN 1

• Bad design 803 0979_05F9_c1

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Designing for Management Routing = Solutions • Create a routed network for your management traffic Separate IP subnet for each managed area

VLAN 100 Route

ELAN 10

Route

VLAN 200

• Better design 803 0979_05F9_c1

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Designing for Management Trunking in Access Layer VLAN 100 • Avoid using VLAN 1 for management traffic. Think of it as the “control plane”.

10.1.100.12

• Management interface in same VLAN for all switches in VTP domain • Management and user data on different VLANs • Provide reliable, redundant transport • Layer 3 module management source-interface = VLAN100 803 0979_05F9_c1

10.1.100.13

10.1.100.10

L3

10.1.100.14

10.1.100.11

L3

HSRP

10.1.100.2

10.1.100.1

vlan100

10.1.100.3 vlan100

Distribution Layer =

Catalyst 5000 with L3 Catalyst 6000 with L3 17

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Designing for Management No Trunking in Access Layer • Only 1 IP subnet in each access switch

10.1.100.10

10.1.200.10

VLAN 100

VLAN 200

10.1.300.10

VLAN 300

• Management and user data share same VLAN • Management interface provides in-band monitoring point for data path

Loopback0

• Use consistent host ranges for switches

Loopback0

• L3 management sourceinterface = Loopback0 803 0979_05F9_c1

10.1.50.2

10.1.50.4

Loopback0 10.1.50.3

Loopback0 10.1.50.4

Distribution = Catalyst 8000

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Designing for Management No Trunking in Access Layer • Only 1 IP subnet in each access switch • Management and user data share same VLAN

10.1.100.10

10.1.200.10

VLAN 100

VLAN 200

• Management interface provides in-band monitoring point for data path

10.1.100.8

10.1.100.9

L3

10.1.100.2

10.1.100.3

Loopback0

Loopback0 10.1.50.4

10.1.50.4

• Core L3 management sourceinterface = Loopback0 803 0979_05F9_c1

VLAN 300

L3

• Distribution L2 management is lowest data VLAN (VLAN 100) • Distribution L3 management source-interface = VLAN100

10.1.300.10

Distribution Layer =

Catalyst 5000 w/L3 Catalyst 6000 w/L3 19

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Designing for Management VTP Management Domains • Create a unique domain for each group of access and distribution switches

VTP Domain = Building 1 C

• Domain name should be geographical

C

S

C

Client

S

• VLAN management requires at least 1 VTP server per domain

Server

Routed Core

• VLANs learned from switches in VTP server mode • VLAN Director supports the following Catalyst families: 6000, 5000, 4000, 3000, 2900, 2900XL 2800, 1900 803 0979_05F9_c1

S

T

T

T

T

Transparent

VTP Domain = Building 2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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Designing for Management Critical Links Building 1

• Define key infrastructure ports ( )

Access

• Setup statistics collection (RMON)

Distribution

Core

• Enable traps for link failure and thresholds

WAN

• Monitor for performance and fault degradation 803 0979_05F9_c1

Server

Building 2

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Designing for Management Redundant Infrastructure • High availability management • Completely separates management from user data • Management link is in separate subnet, VLAN, and switch

10.1.100.15

SNMP Manager 10.1.100.12

10.1.100.13

10.1.100.10

10.1.100.14

10.1.100.11

• Higher assurance for management data delivery during congestion or convergence 803 0979_05F9_c1

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Designing for Management Terminal Servers Telnet

• Out of band • Failsafe access • Console connection only, no SNMP • Connect to redundant infrastructure Terminal Server 803 0979_05F9_c1

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Part III Understanding the NMS Platform

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What Is the NMS?

“

A set of tools for controlling a complex data network to maximize its efficiency and productivity.

”

Fault

Troubleshooting for problem discovery, isolation, and resolution

Performance

Collect utilization and performance data, analyze data, set utilization thresholds

Configuration

Finding, configuring, and maintaining network devices

Accounting

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Security

Logging user access and data traffic for billing. Providing secure access to the network.

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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A Look at CiscoWorks 2000

• Understanding key processes • Sizing the hardware • Deployment guidelines • Integration and growth

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#1 Automatic Network Discovery • Start at seed IP address CDP

• Determine type of device and begin collecting SNMP data

C

B

• Retrieve CDP/ILMI neighbor tables

ILMI CDP

IP address Type of device

A

Port

Seed

D ILMI

• Attempt to talk to IP address of all neighbors • Continues until all neighbors have been tried • Constructs the map with accurate connectivity info including trunking status

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CWSI Campus

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

#2 Change Audit Services Essentials change monitor • Configuration scans • SWIM jobs • Inventory periodic scan • Syslog message processing

A P I

Config Archive Update SWIM Update JOB Inventory update scan

Changes logged and reported • Reports who made changes

Syslog Message

Software Inventory Config File

Detailed Change Information

Resource Manager Essentials 803 0979_05F9_c1

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#3 User Tracking • Forwarding tables

2

MAC address

CWSI Campus

Switches

Network Device Database

Routers

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VLAN VLAN Subnet Subnet 18 18 Subnet Subnet 18 18 Subnet Subnet 100 100 Subnet Subnet 120 120

Subnets IP address

Building the End User Database

MAC MAC 0b:34:e4 0b:34:e4 C5:03:4a C5:03:4a 0b:34:cf 0b:34:cf F1:cd:03 F1:cd:03

Port

• ARP tables

1

2

VLAN

3

IP IP Address Address 172.20.18.55 172.20.18.55 172.20.18.43 172.20.18.43 172.20.100.5 172.20.100.5 172.20.120.78 172.20.120.78

2

• Device names

4

1

End nodes

DNS Servers

4

Port Device Host Port Device Host 5/6 dave-sun 5/6 Catalyst Catalyst 6000-D-2-12 6000-D-2-12 dave-sun 5/23 dave-pc 5/23 Catalyst Catalyst 6000-D-2-12 6000-D-2-12 dave-pc 9/2 9/2 Catalyst Catalyst 5000-G-1-22 5000-G-1-22 pop3-server pop3-server 3/11 DevLab-VM1-2 sue-pc 3/11 DevLab-VM1-2 sue29

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Campus Scalability Small Networks System Config.

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Number of Network Number of End Hosts Devices (User Tracking)

AIX AIX (Single (Single Processor) Processor) RAM: RAM: 256 256 MB MB Swap: Swap: 512 512 MB MB Disk: Disk: 44 GB GB

<< 200 200

<< 2,500 2,500

HP HP 9000/782 9000/782 (Single (Single Processor) Processor) RAM: RAM: 256 256 MB MB Swap: Swap: 1.2 1.2 GB GB Disk: Disk: 22 GB GB

<< 250 250

<< 4,000 4,000

Ultra Ultra 11 RAM: RAM: 160 160 MB MB Swap Swap 350 350 MB MB Disk: Disk: 22 GB GB

<< 100 100

<< 2,000 2,000

Pentium Pentium IIII 300 300 RAM: RAM: 192 192 MB MB Swap Swap 384 384 MB MB Disk: Disk: 44 GB GB

<< 100 100

<< 2,000 2,000

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Campus Scalability Large Networks System Config. AIX AIX Multiple Multiple Processor Processor RAM: RAM: 256 256 MB MB Swap: Swap: 512 512 MB MB Disk: 4 GB Disk: 4 GB

200 200–400 –400

2,500–6,000 2,500–6,000

250 250–500 –500

4,000–8,000 4,000–8,000

Ultra Ultra 60 60 (Dual (Dual Processor) Processor) RAM: 256 RAM: 256 MB MB Swap Swap 512 512 MB MB

250 250–500 –500

5,000–10,000 5,000–10,000

Quad Quad PII PII 300 300 RAM: RAM: 256 256 MB MB Swap Swap 512 512 MB MB Disk: Disk: 44 GB GB or or 99 GB GB

250 250–500 –500

5,000–10,000 5,000–10,000

HP HP 9000/782 9000/782 (Dual (Dual Processor) Processor) RAM: RAM: 380 380 MB MB Swap: Swap: 1.2 1.2 GB GB Disk: 2 GB Disk: 2 GB

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Number of Network Number of End Hosts Devices (User Tracking)

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Essentials Scalability Small Networks System Config.

Availability Syslog Configs Inventory (# of Devices) (Messages per Day) (# of Devices) (# of Devices)

AIX AIX (Single (Single Processor) Processor) RAM: RAM: 256 256 MB MB Swap: Swap: 512 512 MB MB Disk: Disk: 44 GB GB

0–500 0–500

0–80,000 0–80,000

0–1,000 0–1,000

0–1,000 0–1,000

HP HP 9000/782 9000/782 (Single (Single Processor) Processor) RAM: RAM: 256 256 MB MB Swap: Swap: 1.2 1.2 GB GB Disk: Disk: 22 GB GB

0–500 0–500

0–150,000 0–150,000

0–2,500 0–2,500

0–2,500 0–2,500

Ultra Ultra 11 RAM: RAM: 160 160 MB MB Swap Swap 350 350 MB MB Disk: Disk: 22 GB GB

0–250 0–250

0–40,000 0–40,000

0–500 0–500

0–500 0–500

Pentium Pentium IIII 300 300 RAM: RAM: 192 192 MB MB Swap Swap 384 384 MB MB Disk: Disk: 44 GB GB

0–250 0–250

0–60,000 0–60,000

0–750 0–750

0–750 0–750

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Essentials Scalability Large Networks System Config.

Availability Syslog Configs Inventory (# of Devices) (Messages per Day) (# of Devices) (# of Devices)

AIX AIX Multiple Multiple Processor Processor RAM: RAM: 256 256 MB MB Swap: Swap: 512 512 MB MB Disk: Disk: 44 GB GB HP HP 9000/782 9000/782 (Dual (Dual Processor) Processor) RAM: RAM: 380 380 MB MB Swap: Swap: 1.2 1.2 GB GB Disk: Disk: 22 GB GB

500–1,000 500–1,000

500–1,000 500–1,000

80,000–150,000 80,000–150,000

1,000–5,000 1,000–5,000

1,000–5,000 1,000–5,000

>> 150,000 150,000

2,500–5,000 2,500–5,000

2,500–5,000 2,500–5,000

Ultra Ultra 60 60 (Dual (Dual Processor) Processor) RAM: RAM: 192 192 MB MB Swap Swap 384 384 MB MB

500–1,000 500–1,000

150,000 150,000

2,500 2,500 –– 5,000 5,000

2,500–5,000 2,500–5,000

Quad Quad PII PII 300 300 Quad Quad P P Pro Pro 300 300 RAM: 256 RAM: 256 MB MB Swap 512 MB Swap 512 MB Disk: Disk: 44 GB GB or or 99 GB GB

500–1,000 500–1,000

150,000 150,000

2,500–5,000 2,500–5,000

2,500–5,000 2,500–5,000

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Deployment Networks < 500 Devices • Campus topology layout VTP domains

500 Devices 10,000 End Users

Manual layout

• Essentials groupings Custom views

CWSI Campus Essentials Platform (HPOV)

Product families 803 0979_05F9_c1

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Deployment Networks > 500 Devices 1) No CDP on interface 2) Router boundaries 300–500 Devices 10,000 End Users

300–500 Devices 10,000 End Users Limit CWSI Discovery Up to 5,000 Devices

“Local” CWSI Campus Essentials

“Local” CWSI Campus Essentials

“Central NMS” Essentials Inventory, Config, Syslog (No Availability) Platform (HPOV) 803 0979_05F9_c1

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Known Limitations • Campus discovery and topology Stop at router boundary or CDP edge only Realistic 300 node limit No delete node GUI Not client/server web based

• No distributed reporting model • No robust real-time fault reporting 803 0979_05F9_c1

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Integration and Growth Issues

Network Registrar

• What happens when you need to run more applications? Is the OS supported?

Internet Performance Monitor (IPM)

CiscoSecure

CPU or memory constraints?

Netsys

Customer Specific

MRTG

Conflicting databases? Conflicting ports used?

QoS Policy Manager

CiscoWorks Blue Cisco Voice Manager

Multi-user access?

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

New Integration Model The Management Intranet • Heterogeneous management servers • Distributed systems Cisco Management Connection

• Reduces dependency on single OS • Removes application co-existence headaches CIM/XML

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CIM/XML

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Cisco Management Connection Integrates Cisco’s Own Web-Based Management Tools! CiscoWorks Blue Maps

CiscoWorks Blue SNA View

CiscoSecure

Voice Manager

PIX Firewall

NETSYS Service Level Manager 803 0979_05F9_c1

Cache Engine 39

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Customer Application Integration Easy Addition of Homegrown Tools

Acme Operations Center Help Desk CiscoWorks

Customer Application Links

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Customer Developed Application

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Part IV Application Workflow Examples

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Application Workflow CW2000 • Scenario 1: Degraded or no application response • Scenario 3: Detecting ATM backbone failures • Scenario 4: Checking for Y2k compliance • Scenario 5: Controlled software upgrades 803 0979_05F9_c1

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#1 Degraded or No Application Response Solution Steps • Find end station location • Verify end station address data • Check integrity of port connection • Look at traffic through-put • Check VLAN association • Check Layer 2–Layer 3 Linkages 803 0979_05F9_c1

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#1 Technologies Leveraged • CDP discovery for device classification • Bridge MIB for port to mac address ID’s • ARP table discovery for L3 addressing • Switch MIB’s for physical faults • RMON MIB’s for traffic throughput • CDP discovery VLAN association • Spanning tree states via bridge MIBs • L3 trace route via IOS utilities 803 0979_05F9_c1

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#1 Application Response Application Work Flow • User tracking: For location detection

• CiscoView: For port integrity

• TrafficDirector: For traffic through-put

• VlanDirector: For VLAN mappings

• Path trace: For path determination/ metrics 803 0979_05F9_c1

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

#2 Detecting ATM Backbone Failures • Solution steps Locate source of failures

ATM Backbone

BUS, LES 1

Determine physical or logical Check communication path Drill down for device specifics 803 0979_05F9_c1

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LECS

CWSI

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#2 Technologies Leveraged • ILIMI for network discovery • Status polling within AtmDirector • VC trace MIBs within ATM switches • Syslog outage messages within ATM switches • Syslog collection within CW2000 • SNMP device polling within CiscoView 803 0979_05F9_c1

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#2 ATM Switch Backbone Failure: Application Workflow • CWSI map: For non SNMP response

• AtmDirector: For physical and logical outages

• AtmDirector: For VC trace analysis

• Essentials Syslog messages: For device specifics

• CiscoView: For device failures 803 0979_05F9_c1

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#3 Checking Year 2000 Compliance • Solution Steps Generate list of all Cisco devices Profile devices, hardware and software Check CCO for latest Y2K report Run report against data in database 803 0979_05F9_c1

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#3 Technologies Leveraged

• Network discovery, host lists • Comprehensive MIB walks • Linkages to Cisco’s Web site • Matrix comparison application

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#3 Year 2000 Compliance: Application Workflow • RME device list population Device list importing

• Essentials inventory report: For device profiles

• Cisco CCO management connection: For CCO linkages

• Year 2000 check report: For Y2K summaries 803 0979_05F9_c1

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

#4 Controlled Software Upgrades Solution Steps • Determine reason for upgrade • Locate applicable devices • Check device resources against image requirements • Schedule updates • Download image from CCO and execute • Verify operations and check for any failures 803 0979_05F9_c1

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#4 Technologies Leveraged

• Access to IOS image library on CCO • SysObject ID sorting within CW2000 • MIB2 profiling of device components • TFTP transfers from server to devices • CW2000 background checks via SNMP 803 0979_05F9_c1

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#4 Controlled Software Upgrades: Application Workflow • RME-SWIM: For sorting device types

• RME-SWIM: For choosing device(s)

• RME-SWIM For controlling job

• RME-SWIM: For verifying upgrades 803 0979_05F9_c1

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Please Complete Your Evaluation Form Session 803

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