CORPUS PAPYRORUM JUDAICARUM VOLUME
III
CORPUS PAPYRORUM JUDAICARUM VOLUME III EDITED
B Y
VICTOR A. TCHERIKOVER ( 1 8 9 4 - 1 9 5 8 ) PROFESSOR HEBREW
OF ANCIENT
H I S T O R Y IN
UNIVERSITY,
THE
JERUSALEM
ALEXANDER FUKS PROFESSOR OF ANCIENT
HISTORY
AND CLASSICS IN T H E HEBREW UNIVERSITY, JERUSALEM
MENAHEM STERN L E C T U R E R IN J E W I S H H I S T O R Y IN HEBREW
THE
UNIVERSITY, JERUSALEM
WITH EPIGRAPHICAL
AN CONTRIBUTION
BY
DAVID M. LEWIS STUDENT OF CHRIST CHURCH, U N I V E R S I T Y L E C T U R E R IN G R E E K
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T H E MAGNES P R E S S , T H E H E B R E W
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PREFACE T H E third volume of the Corpus Papyrorum Judaicarum was planned, like the preceding volumes, b y the late Professor Victor A. Tcherikover. As early as 1952, the documents of the late Roman and Byzantine periods up to the Arab conquest, to be published in this final volume, were fixed and divided into sections. The bulk of the material was divided between Tcherikover and Stern, some documents were allotted to Fuks. Some weeks before Professor Tcherikover's death, in January 1958, first drafts of Sections X I I - X I V were discussed with us b y Tcherikover. After Professor Tcherikover's death we went on with the work, revised the entire material, and added some documents, either pub lished after 1957, or for other reasons not included in the original plan. Most of these are included in the present Section X V , some in the preceding sections. According to the original plan, Section X V should have comprised select Papyri Magicae. Our only deviation from Tcherikover's original plan was in replacing the Papyri Magicae b y the new documents referred to above. We were always conscious, as in fact was Tcherikover himself, of the basic difference between the magical papyri and the documents of Sections I - X I V . The criteria of inclusion in the C.P.Jud. (see Tcherikover in Vol. I , Introduction, pp. xvii sqq.) failed us here, and it proved that even a reliable selection would be un attainable in view of the wide difference of opinion prevailing among competent scholars. Perhaps a special study should be devoted to the magical papyri, as well as to the Biblical papyri, omitted in the original plan. All unsigned commentaries and introductions to sections in this volume are b y Tcherikover. Those signed M . S . are b y Menahem S t e r n ; those signed A. F . are by Alexander Fuks. Several papyri have been revised and com mented upon b y Mr. P. J . Parsons, Christ Church, Oxford; they are signed P. J . P. Mr. David M. Lewis was kind enough to add to this volume a contribution devoted to Jewish inscriptions from E g y p t ; it appears as Appendix I . Appendixes I I and I I I , as well as the Indexes to this volume, are b y Mr. D . Rokeah, former pupil of Professor Tcherikover. Many scholars helped with this volume, above all Mr. David M. Lewis, Mr. P. J . Parsons, and Professor J . Schwartz (Strasbourg). Mr. Lewis not only contributed Appendix I, but also read and reread proofs of the book, and was unsparingly helpful in all stages of its production. Mr. Parsons, apart from revising several documents, supplied most of the translations in this volume, and advised us on many points of scholarship. Professor Schwartz placed at our disposal an unpublished document from his private collection (No. 5 1 6 ) , and helped on many points of scholarship in the progress of our work. We gratefully acknowledge our debt to Professor V . Bartoletti (Florence), Dr. J . R e a (Oxford), Professor T . Reekmans (Louvain), Professor B . A. Rees (Cardiff), Mr. C. H. Roberts (Oxford), Mr. T . C. Skeat (London), and
vi
PREFACE
Professor H. C. Youtie (Ann Arbor), who patiently answered many queries concerning both readings and interpretation. Thanks are due also to the Egypt Exploration Society for the permission to reprint from EOS X L V I I I a document before its publication in the series of the Society (No. 5 1 3 ) . Special thanks are due to Mrs. A. Tcherikover who transcribed almost all the papyrological texts in this volume, and whose never abating interest in the pro gress of our work was of great help. The Ministry of Education and Culture of the State of Israel, as well as the Institute of Jewish Studies of the Hebrew University and its former Chairman Professor B . Dinur, are to be thanked for their initial grants. To Mr. E . Poznanski, Academic Secretary of the Hebrew University, thanks are due for help and advice on many matters connected with the Corpus. On publication of this final volume we would like to acknowledge our debt to the Oxford University Press and their learned and indefatigable Readers. Finally deep appreciation should be recorded of the assistance given b y the Trustees of the Lucius N. Littauer Foundation, whose generous grants made this publication possible, and particularly b y its Director, Mr. H. Starr, and Professor H. A. Wolf son. We are glad to have been able to bring to completion Professor Tcherikover's undertaking. I t is possible that new finds, such as the recently discovered B a r Kocheba Papyri, will necessitate in future a supplementary volume to the Corpus Papyrorum Judaicarum. M. S. A. F .
CONTENTS PREFACE
v
L I S T OF PLATES
xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS EXPLANATORY NOTE S E C T I O N X I I : V A R I O U S D O C U M E N T S F R O M A.D. 117 to 337 451. A fragment 452a. An account from an estate, mentioning the Feast of Tabernacles 4526. An account from the Oxyrhynchite nome 453. An application for a lease 454. A sale of plots of land in a Jewish street 455. Complaint of theft 456. A fragment 457. The Sabbath 458. A fragment of an account 459. From a report of sitologoi 460. The Jewish tax at Karanis 461. From a list of payments 462. Pollia Maria the younger 463. Fragment of a camp record 464. A list of names 465. A list of Roman soldiers 466. A list of names 467. Sheep sold for a Jewish feast 468. A sale of a plot of land and a house in a Jewish street 469. A business letter 470. From an agricultural survey 471. A list of peasants 472. Receipts for delivery of crops to the granary 473. A deed of enfranchisement 474. Receipts for rent 475. From a list of night guards 476. A list of persons 477. An official letter 478. From lists of names from Karanis 479. A business letter to a banker 480. A receipt of chaff
xiii xvii 3-42 4 5 7 8 10 12 13 14 16 16 17 18 19 23 23 25 27 27 29 30 31 31 32 33 36 38 39 39 40 41 42
viii
CONTENTS
SECTION X I I I : THE SAMBATHIONS 481. From census lists and accounts from Philadelpheia 482. Return of sheep and goats 483. Greek supplement to Demotic deed of sale 484. A contract 485. A census return 486. From private letters of a Roman officer 487. A notification of death 488. A deed of loan 489. Lists from Theadelpheia 490. A sale of a Phrygian slave girl 491. An application for a lease 492. Tax rolls from Karanis 493. A list of house-property 494. From a survey of land-property 495. Application to strategos 496. Sambathis, the goddess 497. Lists of names from Karanis 498. Various small fragments 499. A business letter
43-87 56 57 58 61 62 64 65 66 67 72 73 74 77 78 79 81 82 84 87
SECTION X I V : VARIOUS DOCUMENTS OF T H E BYZANTINE PERIOD 88-105 500. From an account of wine 88 501. A list of persons 88 502. A list of names 89 503. The end of a document 90 504. An account 90 505. A letter alluding to the arrival of a Jew from Alexandria 91 506. A receipt 93 507. Letter from Kosmas 94 508. A sale of wine with deferred delivery 95 509. From an account 98 510. From a list of payments 99 5 1 1 . Lease of a workshop 99 512. A contract to guarantee the quality of sold wine 101 513. A deed of divorce between Samaritans 102 514. A Samaritan mentioned in an account 105 SECTION X V : VARIOUS DOCUMENTS OF T H E LATE ROMAN AND B Y Z A N T I N E P E R I O D S 515. A fragment concerning Jews in anachoresis 516. Fragment of a document concerning Jews 517. Application for lease
106-21 106 107 108
CONTENTS
ix
518. The Sambathions 519. A fragment of a discourse on athletics and theatrical performances
110 116
520. A fragment of Graeco-Egyptian prophecy bearing on Jews
119
I N D E X TO T H E D O C U M E N T S IN V O L . I l l
122-33
I N D E X OF SOURCES
134-7
A P P E N D I X I: T H E J E W I S H I N S C R I P T I O N S OF E G Y P T
138
I I : P R O S O P O G R A P H Y O F T H E J E W S IN E G Y P T
167
I I I : P L A C E S O F J E W I S H H A B I T A T I O N IN E G Y P T
197
LIST OF PLATES I. No. 49. Ostrakon: Receipt for Wine-tax. 161 B.C. (O. Strassb. 10 = inv. Gr. 501) No. 1 1 5 . Ostrakon. 2nd century B.C. ? (O. Strassb. 590 = inv. Gr. 151) Both by courtesy of Professor J . Schwartz. I I . No. 1 4 1 . Letter from Herakles to Ptolemy. First half of 1st century B . C . (PIFAO 104; a revised text now in Remondon, Chr. d'lEg. xxxv, i960, 254 = S B 9564) B y courtesy of M. F . Daumas, Directeur de lTnstitut Francais d'Archeologie Orientale du Caire. I I I . No. 159&. Acta Appiani. Earlier 3rd century A.D. (P. Oxy. 33 verso = British Museum inv. 2435 verso) B y courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum. IV. No. 437. Letter from Eudaimonis to Apollonios. A.D. 116 ? (P. Giss. 24 = inv. 98) B y courtesy of the Giessen Universitatsbibliothek, through its director Dr. J . Schawe and Professor Dr. H. G. Gundel. V. No. 438. Jewish Victories in the Hermoupolite District, A.D. 1 1 6 / 1 7 . (Wilcken Die Bremer Papyri 1 = Staatsbibliothek Bremen Papyrus P. 40) B y courtesy of the Bremen Staatsbibliothek and Dr. Bruch. VI. No. 520. A fragment of Graeco-Egyptian prophecy bearing on Jews. 3rd century A . D . (PSI 982) B y courtesy of the Bibliotheca Medicea Laurenziana and Professor V. Bartoletti.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Ostraca W i l b o u r = C . P r e a u x , Les ostraca grecs de la Collection Charles-Edwin Wil bour au Musee de Brooklyn, 1 9 3 5 . B G U = A e g y p t i s c h e U r k u n d e n a u s den P. A b e r d . = Catalogue of Greek and Latin staatlichen Museen zu Berlin: Griechische papyri and ostraca in the possession of the Urkunden, 1 8 9 5 - . University of Aberdeen, ed. E . G . Turner, BL = F . Preisigke, F . Bilabel, M . A . D a v i d , 1939B . A . v a n Groningen, E . Kiessling, P . A b i n n . = The Abinnaeus Archive, col Berichtigungsliste der griechischen Papylected a n d re-edited b y H . I . Bell, V . rusurkunden aus Agypten, 1 9 1 3 , 1 9 2 2 , Martin, E . G . T u r n e r a n d D . v a n B e r chem, 1 9 6 2 . I93L 3 3 , I95 Cavenaile, CPL = R . Cavenaile, Corpus P . A m h . = B . P . Grenfell a n d A . S . H u n t , Papyrorum Latinarum, 1 9 5 8 . The Amherst Papyri, 1900-1. CI J — Corpus Inscriptionum Judaicarum, P. A n t . — The Antinoopolis Papyri, vol. i ed. J . B . F r e y , 1 9 3 6 , 1 9 5 2 . ed. C . H . R o b e r t s , 1 9 5 0 ; vol. vied. J . W . B . Ghedini. Lett. Crist. — G . Ghedini, Lettere B a r n s and H . Zilliacus, i 9 6 0 . P. B a d . = F . Bilabel, Veroffentlichungen cristiane dai papiri greci del III e IV secolo, 1 9 2 3 . aus den badischen Papyrussammlungen, ILS — H . Dessau, Inscriptiones latinae 1923, 1924. selectae, 1 9 3 5 . P. Berlin Zilliacus = Vierzehn Berliner T . K a l e n , Berl. Leihg. = Berliner Leihgabe griechische Papyri, ed. b y H . Zilliacus, griechischer Papyri hsg. vom griechischen 1941. Seminar der Universitdt Uppsala durch P . B o u r . = P . B o u r i a n t = Les papyrus T. Kalen, 1 9 3 2 . Bouriant, ed. P . Collart, 1 9 2 6 . K n u d t z o n , Bakchiastexte = E . J . K n u d t z o n , P . Cairo M a s p . = J . Maspero, Papyrus Bakchiastexte und andere Papyri der grecs d'epoque byzantine, 1 9 1 1 - 1 6 . Lunder Papyrussammlung, 1946. P . Col. = Columbia Papyri, Greek series, M . Chr. = L . Mitteis and U . Wilcken, 1929-. Grundzuge und Chrestomathie der PapyP. Cornell = W . L . W e s t e r m a n n a n d C . J . ruskunde, ii. 2 , 1 9 1 2 . K r a e m e r , j r . : Greek Papyri in the Library Meyer, Gr. Texte = P . M . Meyer, Griechische of Cornell University, 1 9 2 6 . Texte aus Agypten, 1 9 1 6 . P C Z = C . C . E d g a r , Zenon Papyri, 4 vols. Meyer, Jur. Pap. = P . M . Meyer, (Catal. gen. des A n t i q . e g y p t . du Musee Juristische Papyri, 1 9 2 0 . du Caire, 7 9 ) , 1 9 2 5 - 3 1 . Musurillo = H . A . Musurillo, The Acts of P . D e m . Berlin = W . Spiegelberg, Demothe Pagan Martyrs, Acta Alexandrinotische Papyri aus den kgl. Museen zu Berlin, 1 9 0 2 . rum, 1 9 5 4 . P. E n t . = O. Gueraud, ENTEY3EIE, O. A s h m . , O. Bodl., O. C a m b . , O. Flind. 1931-2. P e t . = J . G . T a i t , Greek Ostraka in the P . F a m . T e b t . = A Family-archive from Bodleian Library at Oxford and Various other Collections, 1 9 3 0 . Tebtunis, ed. b y B . A . v a n Groningen, 1 9 5 0 . O. Bodl., see O. A s h m . P . F a y . = P . F a y . O. = B . P . Grenfell, O. Deissm. = P . M . M e y e r , Griechische A . S. Hunt, D . G . Hogarth, Fayum Texte aus Agypten, 1 9 1 6 , p p . 1 0 7 - 2 0 5 . Towns and their Papyri, 1 9 0 0 . O G I S = W . Dittenberger, Orientis Graeci P . F l o r . = G . Vitelli a n d D . Comparetti, Inscriptiones selectae, 1 9 0 3 - 5 . Papiri greco-egizii: Papiri Fiorentini, O. Mich. = L . A m u n d s e n , Greek Ostraka in 1905-15the University of Michigan Collection, P. F o u a d = Les papyrus Fouad I, ed. A . I. PAPYRI,
OSTRAKA,
AND I N S C R I P T I O N S
I Q
8
1935O. Oslo = Ostraca Osloensia. Greek Ostraca in the Norwegian Collections, ed. b y L . Amundsen, 1 9 3 3 .
Bataille, O. G u e r a u d , P . J o u g u e t , a n d others, 1 9 3 9 . P. Giess. = O . E g e r , E . K o r n e m a n n , a n d P . M . M e y e r , Griechische Papyri im
xiv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Museum des oberhessischen Geschichtsvereins zu Giessen, 1 9 1 0 — 1 2 . P . G o t h . = H . Frisk, Papyrus grecs de la Bibl. Municipale de Gothembourg, 1 9 2 9 . P . Gron. = Papyri Groninganae, ed. b y A . G . Roos, 1 9 3 3 . P. H a m b . = P . M . Meyer, Griechische Papyrusurkunden der Hamburger Staatsund Universitdtsbibliothek, 1911-24. P . l a n d . = Papyri Iandanae, ed. K . K a l b fleisch, 1 9 1 2 . P . L i p s . = L . Mitteis, Griechische Urkunden der Papyrussammlung zu Leipzig, 1 9 0 6 . P . L o n d . = F . G . K e n y o n a n d H . I . Bell, Greek Papyri in the British Museum, 1893-1917. P . Merton = H . I . Bell a n d C . H . Roberts, Catalogue of the Greek Papyri in the Col lection of W. Merton, 1 9 4 8 - . P . Mich. = Michigan Papyri, 1931. P . Mich. Zen. = C . C . E d g a r , Zenon Papyri in the University of Michigan Collection, I93i-
P . Oslo = Papyri Osloenses, ed. S . E i t r e m , L . Amundsen, 1 9 2 5 - . P . O x y . = The Oxyrhynchus Papyri, ed. B . P . Grenfell, A . S . H u n t , and others, 1898-. P . Phil. = J . Scherer, Papyrus de Philadelphie, 1 9 4 7 . P . Princet. = Papyri in the Princeton Uni versity Collections, v o l . i ed. A . C . J o h n son and H . B . v a n Hoesen, 1 9 3 1 ; vol. ii ed. E . H . K a s e , 1 9 3 6 . P . R a i n e r = Mitteilungen aus der Papyrus sammlung der Nationalbibliothek in Wien {Papyrus Erzherzog Rainer). N e u e Serie Ii ( 1 9 3 2 ) , ed. H . Gerstinger; Iii ( 1 9 3 9 ) ed. H . Oellacher. P . Rendel H a r r i s = The Rendel Harris Papyri of Woodbrooke College, Birming ham, ed. J . E . Powell, 1 9 3 6 . P . Ross. Georg. == Papyri Russischer und Georgischer Sammlungen, hsg. von G . Zereteli, bearbeitet v o n G . Zereteli, O. K r u g e r , P . J e r n s t e d t , 1 9 2 5 - 3 5 . P . R y l . = Catalogue of the Greek Papyri in the John Rylands Library, Manchester, 1911-. P . S . A . A t h e n . = Papyri Societatis Archaeologicae Atheniensis, ed. G . A . Petropoulos, 1939P S I = G . Vitelli a n d others, Pubblicazioni della Societd italiana per la ricerca dei Papiri greci e latini in Egitto: Papiri greci e latini, 1 9 1 2 - .
P.
S t r a s s b . = F . Preisigke, Griechische Papyrus der kaiserlichen Universitatsund Landesbibliothek zu Strassburg, 1906—20. P . T e b t . = The Tebtunis Papyri, ed. b y B . P . Grenfell, A . S . H u n t , J . G . S m y l y , E . J . Goodspeed, 1 9 0 2 - 3 8 . P . T h e a d . = Papyrus de Thdadelphie, ed. b y P. Jouguet, 1 9 1 1 . P . V a r s . = Papyri Varsovienses, ed. G . Manteuffel, 1 9 3 5 . P . V i n d . B o s w . = Einige Wiener Papyri, ed. E . Boswinkel, 1 9 4 2 . P . W u r z b . = U . Wilcken, Mitteilungen aus der Wurzburger Papyrussammlung, 1934S B = F . Preisigke a n d F . Bilabel, Sammelbuch griechischer Urkunden aus Agypten, vols. 1 - 2 , 1 9 1 3 - 2 2 ; vol. 3 , 1 9 2 6 - 7 ; vols. 4-5. I93i~ . 1952. S E G = Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum, 1 9 2 3 - . S P = A . S . H u n t a n d C . C . E d g a r , Select Papyri, 1932-4. U P Z = U . Wilcken, Urkunden der Ptolemaerzeit, 1922-. W . Ghr. = L . Mitteis a n d U . Wilcken, Grundzuge und Chrestomathie der Papyruskunde, i. 2 , 1 9 1 2 . W O = Wilcken, Ostr. = U . Wilcken, Grie chische Ostraka aus Agypten und Nubien, 1899. 8
2.
PERIODICALS
Aeg. — Aegyptus: Rivista italiana di egittologia e di papirologia, 1920—. AJPh = American Journal of Philology, 1880-. Ann. d. Serv. = Annales du Service des Antiquites de l'£gypte, 1899-. Ann. Inst. Phil. Hist. Orient. Slav. = Annuaire (Institut de philologie et d'histoire orientates, Universile libre de Bruxelles), 193 2 - . Arch. — Archiv fur Papyrusforschung, 1900-. Archiv Orientdlni = Archiv Orientdlni, 1929-. Berl. Phil. Woch., see Phil. Woch. BIFAO — Bulletin de ITnstitut francais d'Archeologie orientate, 1 9 0 1 - . BSAA = Bulletin de la Societe archiologique d'Alexandrie, 1904-. Byzantina and Metabyzantina —A Journal of Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, 1946-.
L I S T OF A B B R E V I A T I O N S Byz. Zeitschr. = Byzantinische Zeitschrift, i892-. Chr. d'£g. — Chronique d'£gypte, 1925-. Classica et Mediaevalia — Revue danoise de philologie et d'histoire, 1938-. CP — Class. Phil. — Classical Philology, 1906-. CR = Classical Review, 1 8 8 7 - . Denkschr. A had. Wien = Denkschriften der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, phil.-hist. Klasse, 1 8 5 0 - . Eos = Commentarii Societatis Philologae Polonorum, 1894-. *Emorr)fix>v<,Kr) 'Encrypts = 'Emory HOVIKTJ 'EirerT)pt$,
i\oooiKr) OXOXTJ Ilavemoryfiiov Adyvwv. Eranos — Eranos: Acta philologica Suecana, 1906-. Eretz-Israel — Eretz-Israel, Mehkarimbidiat haaretz veatikoteha (Hebrew), 1 9 5 1 - . lit. Papyr. = Etudes de papyrologie, 1932-. GGA = Goltingische gelehrte Anzeigen, 1739-. Gnomon = Gnomon, kritische Zeitschrift fur die gesamte klassische Altertumswissenschaft, 1 9 2 5 - . Hellenica = Recueil d'epigraphie, de numismatique et d'antiquites grecques, 1940—. Hermes = Hermes, Zeitschrift fur klassische Philologie, 1866-. HTR = The Harvard Theological Review, 1908-. JEA — Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 1914-. JHS — Journal of Hellenic Studies, 1 8 8 0 - . /JP - Journal of Juristic Papyrology, 1946-. Journ. Sem. Stud. — Journal of Semitic Studies, 1 9 5 6 - . Journal of Theological Studies — The Journal of Theological Studies, 1 9 0 0 - . JQR — Jewish Quarterly Review, 1 8 8 8 - . JRS — Journal of Roman Studies, 1911-. MGWJ = Monatsschrift fur Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums, 1852-1939. Oudtestament. Stud. — Oudtestamentische Studien, 1943—. Phil. Woch. = Berliner philologische Wochenschrift, 1881-1920. RA — Revue archeologique, 1844-. REG = Revue des etudes grecques, 1888-. RE J = Revue des itudes juives, 1880-. Rev. d. Philol. — Revue de Philologie, 1887-. Rev. de theol. et de phil. — Revue de thdologie et de philosophie, 1868-. Sav. Ztschr. = Zeitschrift der Savignystiftung fur Rechtsgeschichte, 1880-.
xv
Soc. Scient. Fennica, Comm. Hum. Lit. = Societas Scientiarum Fennica, Commentationes Humanarum Litterarum, 1922-. Studia et Documenta Historiae et Iuris = Studia et Documenta Historiae et Iuris, 1935Studi ital. di fil. class. = Studi italiani di filologia classica, 1 8 9 3 - . Stud. Pal. = C . Wessely, Studien zur Palaographie und Papyruskunde, 190222. Stzb. preuss. Ak. Wiss., ph.-hist. Kl. = Sitzungsberichte der preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, phil.-hist. Klasse. TAP A — Transactions of the American Philological Association, 1869-. Viert. f. Soz. u. Wirtsch. Gesch. = Vierteljahrsschrift fur Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, 1903-. Wien. Stud. = Wiener Studien, 1879-. ZDMG = Zeitschrift der Deutschen morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, 1847-. Zeitschr. fur vgl. Sprachforschung = Zeit schrift fur vergleichende Sprachforschung, hsg. von Th. Aufsecht und A. Kuhn, 1851-. 3. B O O K S A N D O T H E R PUBLICATIONS Atti del IV Congresso = Atti de IV Congresso Internazionale di Papirologia, 1936. B a u e r , NTWb. = W . Bauer, Griechischdeutsches Wbrterbuch zu den Schriften des Neuen Testament und der ubrigen urchrisllichen Literatur, 1 9 5 8 . Bell, Egypt = H . I . Bell, Egypt from Alexander the Great to the Arab Conquest, I94 B l a s s - D e b r u n n e r , = F . Blass, Grammatik des neutestamentlichen Griechisch (bearb. v o n A . Debrunner), 8te Aufl., 1 9 4 9 . Calderini, Dizion. d. nomi geogr. — A . C a l derini, Dizionario dei nomi geografici e topografici dell' Egitto greco-romano . . ., 1935Corp. Gloss. Lai — Corpus Glossariorum Latinorum, ed. G . Goetz. C o w l e y = A . Cowley, Aramaic Papyri of the Fifth Century B.C., 1 9 2 3 . F u c h s — L . F u c h s , Die Juden Agyptens in ptolemdischer und rdmischer Zeit, 1 9 2 4 . H a t c h - R e d p a t h — A Concordance to the Septuagint, i-iii, 1 8 9 7 - 1 9 0 6 . J a c o b y , F.Gr.Hist. — F . J a c o b y , Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker, 1923-. 8
L I S T OF
xvi
ABBREVIATIONS
J o h n s o n = A . C . Johnson, Roman Egypt, 1936. J o n e s , The Greek City — A . H . M . J o n e s , The Greek City, from Alexander to Jus tinian, 1 9 4 0 . J o u g u e t , La Vie municipale = P. Jouguet, La Vie municipale dans l'£gypte romain, 1911. J u s t e r = J . J u s t e r , Les Juifs dans 1'Empire romain, 1 9 1 4 . Kapsomenakis, V oruntersuchungen = S. Kapsomenakis, V oruntersuchungen zu einer Grammatik der Papyri der nachchristlichen Zeit, 1 9 3 8 . Kittel, Theol. WB. — Theol. Worterbuch = G . Kittel, Theologisches Worterbuch zum Neuen Testament, 1933-. K r a u s s , Synagogale Altert. — S . K r a u s s , Synagogale Altertumer, 1 9 2 2 . Kreller, Erbrechtliche Untersuchungen — H. Kreller, Erbrechtliche Untersuchungen auf Grund der graeco-dgyptischen Papyrusurkunden, 1 9 1 9 . Lesquier, L'armee romaine = J . Lesquier, L'armee romaine d'Egypte d'Auguste a Diocletien, 1 9 1 8 . Lidzbarski, Ephem. = Lidzbarski, Ephemeris fur semitische Epigraphik, i-iii, 1902-15. M a c L e n n a n , Oxyrhynchos = H. MacLennan, Oxyrhynchos. An Economic and Social Study, 1 9 3 5 . Mertens, Les Services de I'etat civil = P . Mertens, Les Services de I'etat civil et le controle de la population d Oxyrhynchos au III siecle de noire ere, 1 9 5 8 . M . Grundz. = L . Mitteis and U . Wilcken, Grundzuge und Chrestomathie der Papyruskunde, ii. 1 , 1 9 1 2 . N B = F . Preisigke, Namenbuch enthaltend alle Menschennamen, soweit sie in griechi schen Urkunden Agyptens sich vorfinden, 1922. 6
Oertel, Liturgie = F . Oertel, Die Liturgie. Studien zur ptolemdischen und kaiserlichen Verwaltung Agyptens, 1 9 1 7 . PL = Patrologia Latina. Preisigke, Girowesen = F . Preisigke, Girowesen in griechischen Agypten, 1 9 1 0 . RE = P a u l y - W i s s o w a , Real-Encyclopddie der klassischen A Itertumswissenschaft, 1894-. Rostovtzeff, SEHRE = M . Rostovtzeff, Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire, 1 9 2 6 . 1
2
—, SEHRE
= id., rev. b y P . M . F r a s e r ,
1957R o t h = J . M . R o t h , Greek Papyri Lights on Jewish History, 1 9 2 4 . Schiirer = E . Schiirer, Geschichte des judischen Volkes im Zeitalter Jesu Chrisli, 1901-9. S t r a c k - B i l l e r b e c k = H . L . S t r a c k and P . Billerbeck, Kommentar zum Neuen Testament aus Talmud und Midrasch, 1922-56. T a u b e n s c h l a g = Taubenschlag, Law = R . Taubenschlag, The Law of GrecoRoman Egypt in the Light of the Papyri, 2 n d edition, 1 9 5 5 . W a l l a c e = S . L . W a l l a c e , Taxation in Egypt from Augustus to Diocletian, 1 9 3 8 . W a s z y n s k i , Bodenpacht = S. Waszynski, Die Bodenpacht. Agrargeschichtliche Papyrusstudien, 1 9 0 5 . W e n g e r , Inst. = L . W e n g e r , Institutes of the Roman Law of Civil Procedure, 1 9 4 0 . W e n g e r , Stellvertretung — L . W e n g e r , Die Stellvertretung im Rechte der Papyri, 1 9 0 6 . W . Grundz. = U . Wilcken, Grundzuge und Chrestomathie der Papyruskunde, i. 1 , 1912. W u t h n o w = H . W u t h n o w , Die semitischen Menschennamen in griechischen Inschriften und Papyri des vordern Orients, 1930. 2
2
EXPLANATORY NOTE Square brackets [ ] indicate a lacuna, round brackets ( ) the resolution of a symbol or abbreviation, angular brackets < > a mistaken omission in the original, braces { } a superfluous letter or letters, double square brackets [[ ]] a deletion.
PART III
LATE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE PERIODS
SECTION XII
VARIOUS DOCUMENTS FROM A.D. 117 TO 3 3 7 T H I S section, like the others composed of 'various documents', lacks inner unity. I t contains fragments of various lists and accounts, official documents, private and official letters, and the like. The comparative scarcity of documents (forty-four during a period 220 years long) is striking evidence of the breakdown of the Egyptian J e w r y after the crushing of the revolt of A . D . I 1 5 - 1 7 . Only at the end of the period is a Jewish community (in Oxyrhynchos) again recorded, and so we may suppose that during the third century the Jews started gradually to recover from the heavy blow they were struck at the beginning of the second century. Y e t traces of their renewed activity are scarce; the new political and cultural atmosphere, created b y the triumphant Christian Church, was b y no means favourable to Jews. See on this question above, Vol. I, pp. 96 sqq. The main difficulty with regard to the inclusion of documents in this section was the search for a criterion to distinguish between Jewish and Christian docu ments. I t is obvious that no strict criterion could be established, and we have to limit ourselves to some general considerations. First we may remark that private letters, so numerous in this epoch, are all written in almost the same manner, with no difference whether their authors were pagans, Jews, or Christians. Ghedini (in his Lettere Cristiane, published in 1923, and in his article Taganesimo e Cristianesimo', published in 1936 in the Atti del IV Congresso, cf. Cavassini, Aegyptus, xxxiv, 1954, 266) included a considerable number of letters in his list of Christian letters of the third and fourth centuries; yet Bell, in his article in HTR xxxvii, 1944, 185 sqq., has clearly shown that the evidence for the great majority of these letters is b y no means convincing; in fact, such idioms as Xapis TO) dea>, irapa rq> Kvpia) 0€tp, iav 6 Oeos deXet, deov OeXovros and the like are both Christian and pagan, and, consequently, do not prove anything. According to Bell (op. cit. 198), there exist from the rise of Christianity to the beginning of the reign of Diocletian only four certain and three probable Christian letters, all others being more or less doubtful. I t is obvious that it is even more difficult to distinguish between Christian and Jewish letters, since the phraseology of the Septuagint is common to both groups. I have felt some hesitation about three letters published b y Ghedini in his Lettere Cristiane: nos. 30 ( = P . Lips. 1 1 1 ) , 31 (— P. Lond. in. 244, no. 1244), and 32 ( = P. land. ii. 14), because of their using the idiom &eds "Y^LOTOS for God; no. 31 reveals, in addition, some hebraisms or aramaisms. Y e t '0e6s "Yiffiaros' was used b y pagans as well as b y Jews (Tn fact, we are on a religious frontier', see Roberts, Skeat, and Nock, HTR x x i x , 1936, 65), and the hebraisms (if they are really such) might easily have been used by a Christian as well as by a J e w . The only private letter included in this section is No. 469, but my decision was based not on the style of this letter, which does not differ from the general tenor of all other letters of this kind, but on the name Eissak ( = Isak) recorded in it.
4
S E C T I O N X I I : NOS. 4 5 1 - 4 8 0
Another difficulty arises with regard to names. The Hebrew name has been up till now our principal criterion for distinguishing between Jewish and nonJewish papyri. In the Byzantine age this criterion is no longer valid, since Christians begin to call themselves b y Biblical names. I t is of great importance to establish when this process started. W e can state roughly that in the third century (let us say, before A . D . 312) the process had not yet begun, that in the fifth century it is in vogue everywhere, and that the fourth century is the period of transition. I t has been proposed above (Vol. I, pp. xvii-xviii) to consider the year A . D . 337 (the death of Constantine) as a conventional limit: all Biblical names before this date to be considered as Jewish, after it as Christian. In fact, the chronological limits of this section were fixed according to this principle. Y e t it is obvious that this principle cannot be applied rigorously. Some Biblical names, especially those which were connected with the New Testament (such as Petros, Paulos, and Joannes), were used b y Christians as early as the third century. True, only clerics started bearing these names then; yet there is no means of establishing when non-ecclesiastics also began to use Biblical names. I n consequence, a number of documents included in this section, on the basis of Biblical names mentioned in them, must be considered as dubious. Such are Nos. 469, 476, 477, 480 (the name Isak), Nos. 472a, 4726, 474 (Joannes), Nos. 470, 479 (Josepos), No. 478 (Enoch), Nos. 473,475 (Jakob). I am inclined, nevertheless, to consider all these persons rather as Jews than as Christians, since almost all of them are men of the lower classes of society (field-hands, and the like) and it would seem that Christianity, b y the end of the third and the beginning of the fourth centuries, had not yet made great progress in its penetration from the urban centres like Alexandria into the Egyptian villages. See for the spreading of Christianity in Egypt G. Meautis, 'LTntroduction du Christianisme en Egypte', Rev. de thiol, et de phil. N . S . ix, 1921, 169 sqq.; Bell, 'Evidences of Christianity in Egypt during the Roman period', HTR xxxvii, 1944, 185 sqq.; C. H. Roberts, 'Early Christianity in Egypt', JEA xl, 1954, 92 sqq.; Rees, 'The Transition to Christianity', JEA xxxvi, 1950, 86 sqq.; and the general surveys of Harnack, Mission und Ausbreitung des Christentums*, ii, 1924, 705 sqq., and Lietzmann, Geschichte der alien Kirche, ii, 1936, 283 sqq.
No. 4 £ i . A fragment Sesphtha (Oxyrhynchite district). P. Rendel Harris 142 (Powell).
A.D. 126.
A fragment from an abstract of registered receipts from the village of Sesphtha in the nome of Oxyrhynchos. In 1. 16 the Hebrew name Onias is recorded (cf. also No. 4 5 3 , 1 . 21).
16
[rrjs [Arflrpos 'HpaKXelas *Oviov. TO Se kara\i€.vov
(Translation.) . . . of (their) mother Herakleia daughter of Onias; and the agreed (price) . . .
V A R I O U S D O C U M E N T S F R O M A.D. 117 T O 3 3 7
No.
5
An account from an estate, mentioning the Feast of Tabernacles
4.52a.
Edfu (?). 13 x 16-5 cm. (the main fragment). Second century A.D. Bulletin de la Faculte des Lettres de Strasbourg, xl, 1961, p. 205, no. 300 (Schwartz).
The following document belongs to the second column of the recto of a papyrus many fragments of which are preserved. The papyrus is to be dated on palaeographic grounds in the second century A.D. It looks like an account from an estate and it in cludes various items relating to workers, cattle, and water-conduits. Among the names mentioned (Greek, Roman, and Egyptian) there are some which are obviously Jewish: Ismael, Simon, and Annaios, and perhaps Jesous (cf. 'Irfaovros in 1.17). Since Annaios is the father of Pesouris, we have to think of the latter also as a Jew. Ismael furnishes most of the sums mentioned; sometimes he does it directly and sometimes through people who seem to be his agents. Apart from the Jewish names the papyrus has considerable interest for us owing to the mention of the iravwxls of the Feast of Tabernacles. Recto Col. I I , F r . 1 IJapd ElofJLarjAov Sid
Xapiraovos 7 r
vSprjyov {&P-) Trapd IovXiov Kepjxaros {&P-) P Trapd *Iap,ar]Xov ware ipydraus (op.) £p>7) Trapa KaTrircovos dpaft(x)v(cx)v) Qpx( ) (S/o.) f) Sid BajKis Kal Ilaaiov Kal IIea[o\vpLS Avvaiov Trapa 'IafjLarjXov i^P-) P Sid EiyLOivos K [ C H ] Ilaaiov {&P-) P VTrep dpvcbv a . [ . ] . a r t o v {&P-) i
5
..
id .. 10
15
e
. . Kal vSprjycov [.. .]a>s . . o/xotco? aAA^? . a . a . . [ fca irapd 'Iojj,ar}Xov Sid AvXov K 8 Trapa * IopLar]Xo\y\ Sid Ilaaiov .. Trapa epyarcov Ky Sid AfjLapdvrov rfj Travvv\j(i\o(C) rrjs aK7]vo7T7]yias ,
1
{&P-) H ].(Sp.). i^P-) P
{&P') P {&P-) 7 (Sic6j8.) (S/o.) p 17
Irj]aovros v[ ] IJaTTLpiov [
~\(&P-) r )
Fr. 2 Tra]p[d Tr]apd [...]../> [.].[ jSaeicov €K[
] (Sp.) j8
S E C T I O N X I I : NOS. 4 5 1 - 4 8 0
6
]iov (Bp.) j8 (rerpco/?.) }pav ( ) (hp.) JB ] (hp.) flTj
]
(V) K
].OS
(op.)
]
(fa) x (hp.) p.
K
I . 1. 'IafiayXov.
(Translation.) From Ismaelos, b y Chariton, for water-conduit, 8o dr. From Julius, in small change (?), ioo dr. From Ismaelos, for the workmen, 248 dr. F r o m Kapiton, in earnest-money for Ark . . . ( ? ) , 8 dr. B y Bokis and Pasias and Pesouris son (sons?) of Annaios, from Ismaelos, 100 dr. 19th. B y Simon and Pasias, 100 dr. F o r lambs . . ., 5 dr. 1 ob. And for waterconduits . . ., 40 dr. Likewise for another . . . . . . . dr. 21st. F r o m Ismaelos, b y Aulos, 100 dr. 24th. F r o m Ismaelos, by Pasias, 100 dr. From 23 workmen, 3 dr. 2 ob. B y Amarantos, on the pannychis of the Feast of Tabernacles, 100 dr Iesous . . ., 48 dr. . . . Papirios . . . . (Fr. 2) From . . . From . . . 2 dr. Cost of beam . . ., 2 dr. 4 ob. Likewise for another . . ., 2 dr. From Ismaelos b y . . ., 48 dr. From Dionysia . . ., 20 dr. From Ismaelos . . ., 20 dr. . . th. B y . . ., 20 dr. . . ., 40 dr. . . . 1. ElafiayXov—a common name among Jews both in E g y p t and in Palestine. Cf. Nos. 13. 2 ; 120. 1 . Ismael may have been a tenant of the estate. 5. A t the beginnings of lines 5, 9, 10, 1 1 , 14, and 28 two dots are written in the papyrus in an ink different from that of the rest of the account. 15 sq. On -navvvxis as connected with Greek cults cf. Ziehen, RE xviii (2) (1949), 629 sqq. The word is never used in the Septuagint, but it occurs in the writings of Philo. Cf. De Cherubim, 92; Legatio ad Gaium, 12, and De vita contemplativa, 83. Though in the first passage the mention of Trawvx&es is followed by dirpenets rjSoval, in the third passage -navvvxis is used in connexion with the ascetic com munity of the Therapeutae, much admired by the philosopher: fierd Se TO oetirvov rrjv Upav dyovoi iravvvxioa. dyerai Se 17 irawvxls TOV rpoirov TOVTOV avioravrai iravres ddpoot, Kal Kara peoov TO ovp-Ttoaiov Svo yCvovrai TO npcorov x°P°h ° H-* dvop&v, 6 Se ywaiKciv. Cf. also Eusebius, Historia ecclesiastica, vi. 3 4 : if i7ju.€0a rrjs iordr-qs rod Ildoxa iravwxtoos. It is no accident that a -navvvxl-s is mentioned in connexion with the Feast of Tabernacles. This festival was considered to be one of the greatest Jewish festivals (cf. ant. viii. 100; The Book of Jubilees, xvi. 20 sq.) and the Mishna, Tosefta, and both the Talmuds testify to the extreme joy and illuminations characteristic of the nights of that festival, as celebrated in the Temple of Jerusalem. Among the various features of the festival the fact is stressed that the celebrants used to pass the nights of the festival without sleep. Cf. b. Sukkah 53 ( i r K I * 6 r U X W H TP* n n & » DTIB& lTVlttD ru ^) and the parallel passages. Some features of the Feast, though not its irawvxioes, as it seems, induced pagan writers to connect this Jewish festival with the cult of Dionysos (cf. Plutarch, Quaestiones convivales 671 D ; Tacitus, Historiae, v. 5. 5. See also Biichler, RE J xxxvii, 1898, 181 sqq.). v
1
For the importance of the Festival of Tabernacles in the Diaspora cf., e.g., the well-known inscrip tion from Berenike (REG Ixii, 1949, 283: « u ovXXoyov rijs oK-qvoTrrfylas). See also Schiirer, iii. 142 sqq., and in general Moore, Judaism in the First Centuries of the Christian Era, ii. 43 sqq. 26. For the name Dionysia cf. No. 143 and CI J 1532 (neither certainly Jewish). M. S .
V A R I O U S D O C U M E N T S F R O M A.D. 117 T O 3 3 7
7
No. 4.52b. An account from the Oxyrhynchite nome Oxyrhynchite nome.
18-5 x 9 cm.
Second century A.D.
Bulletin de la Faculte des Lettres de Strasbourg, xl, 1961, p. 201, no. 299 Recto (Schwartz). One of a group of papyri coming from the Oxyrhynchite nome. It has preserved the middle part of the 3 4 t h column of an administrative roll. Palaeographic criteria sug gest the second century as the date of the papyrus, and this conclusion is supported by a comparison of the prices of the different kinds of oil mentioned on the verso of the papyrus (cf. the editor's remarks). The document concerns a village named in the preceding column (the name has not survived). It deals with taxes levied by the rrpaKropes dpyvpiKcbv and distinguishes between SIOLKTJOIS, lepariKa, and 61817 in the same way as P. Ryl. 2 1 3 (a tax account of the late second century from the Mendesian nome). Cf. the introduction to that papy rus and Wallace, Taxation, 3 3 1 sq. Among the various items of the account a payment for ipvnopla 'Iov8ala>v occurs (1. 14) under the heading UpariKa.
5
Recto AS arpa]rr)yov opoicos (yiv.) (Bp.) va (ojS.) (17/AicojS.) (rpix) fia
7rpo( ) (Sp.)[ 7rpo( )[ (Bp) Xq[ (Sp.) KS[ 7r
KoaJKivias dXdbvcov (Bp) iS (rjpucofi.) (Six) p[°( ) ] BLOLK( ) (Sp.) AVK (rjpiojfi.) (rpix) irpo( ) (Sp.) 7717 (rerpcbf}.) (r)[xux)p.)[ npo( ]KO)V TLfJbrjs XivoKaXdfirjs (Sp.) ? e )[ rrpo( ]? irXivdov (Bp) ^ )[ irpo( ] ifflXoG TOTTOV (Sp-) $ )[ l
15
] V( ) (Bp.) ptc 7rpo( ) (Sp.) £ (ofi.) (XCLXKOVS) ]v KO[O]K(,VICLS aXdjviDV (Sp.) A(f>6 7r[po( ].y]S irpofidrcov (Sp-) pxfi (rptcbfi.) (ijpxtojS.) 7r[po( /c]at ipvnopias 'IovSaicov (Sp.) a (rpiibfi.) (^pia»jS.) {rpix) 7rp[o( ] elBcov (Sp.) A Xy (60.) (rpix) rrpo( ) (Sp.) pfi (i?pia>£.)[
) ) )
X
7
20
3 Tpi ) (8«oj8.) (Six) ) {Bp) p9y (xaA/cou?) ] . OJV Aareivov 6pov ifuXov TOV[O]U [ ].aias reXeapdr(ojv) dreXaiv (Bp.) p/cS rrp( ) (Bp.) [£ (rerpajft.) o]uoxa/ca)v (Sp.) pp/q 7Tp( ) (Bp.) 9 (6ft.) (rjpux)^.)[ ] . C T BLOLK( ) (Sp.) (StdjjS.) (Six) [ p]°( ) (Bp)[ ©ovecos ...[..]..[ ] . (Siu)fl.) (rjpuojfi.) 7rpo( )[
(rjpuwfi.)
77
(Translation.)
Column 34.
. . . strategos likewise, making 51 dr. i | ob. 3 chalk., additional charge . . dr. . . . royal scribe, 5 6 dr. 2 \ ob. 2 chalk., additional charge . . .
8
S E C T I O N X I I : NOS. 4 5 1 - 4 8 0
. . . dues on machinery for making castor-oil, 36 dr. . . . dues on jar-makers' stone, 24 dr. . . . winnowing on threshing-floors, 14 dr. \ ob. 2 chalk., additional charge . . . —(Total), dioikesis division, 1,420 dr. | ob. 3 chalk., additional charge 88 dr. 4 ! ob. . . . . . . price of flax, 95 dr., additional charge . . . . . . of brick, 8 dr., additional charge . . . . . . of vacant plot, 12 dr., additional charge . . . —(Total), hieratika division, 1 1 5 dr., additional charge 7 dr. 1 ob. 1 chalk. . . . . . . winnowing on threshing-floors, 1,509 dr., additional charge . . . . . . of sheep, 122 dr. 3^ ob., additional charge . . . . . . and commerce of Jews, 1 dr. 3 ! ob. 3 chalk., additional charge . . . —(Total), eide division, 1,633 dr. 1 ob. 3 chalk., additional charge 102 dr. \ ob. . . .
(In all) 3,168 dr. 2 ob. 2 chalk., additional charge 198 dr. 1 chalk.
. . . of Latinos, charge on vacant plot . . . . . . dues on tax-exempt persons, 124 dr., additional charge 7 dr. 4% ob. . . . on ousiac land, 148 dr., additional charge 9 dr. i-| ob. (Grand total) . . . dioikesis,
3,700 dr. 2 ob. 2 chalk., additional charge . . .
From Thouis . . . 2-| ob., additional charge . . . 14. ifiiropias 'Iovoatcov—the only mention of a tax on Jewish commerce, or for that matter of a tax named Zpsnopla at all. It may have been imposed as part of punitive measures against Egyptian Jews after the revolt of A.D. 1 1 5 - 1 7 (on confiscations of Jewish property see Nos. 445, 448). The amount listed here is strikingly low and it has already been suggested by Schwartz that the papyrus is to be dated in the years after the crushing of the Jewish revolt under Trajan when the numbers of Jews in E g y p t fell considerably. We have learned from other papyri that the Jews of the Oxyrhynchite nome took an active part in the revolt; cf. No. 447 (damage done to property by Jews in the Oxyrhynchite district; No. 445 (confiscation of Jewish property as a result of the revolt), and above all No. 450, dated A.D. 199/200, from which we learn of an annual festival in Oxyrhynchos commemorating the victory over the Jews. On the other hand, we may infer from the special tax on Jewish commerce that Jewish settlements in the Oxyrhynchite district, though they had suffered great losses, did not wholly cease to exist; and this fact may help to explain the re-emergence of the Jewish community in Oxyrhynchos in the third century A.D. (cf. No. 473). For details of the account we refer to the exhaustive commentary of Schwartz.
M. S.
No. 4^3. An application for a lease Hermoupolite district. 20 x 14-5 cm. P. Wurzburg 14 (Wilcken). L I T . : A . C . Johnson, Roman Egypt, 91. Bringmann, Die Frau
19th October, A.D. 132. im ptolemaisch-kaiserlichen
Aegypten,
V A R I O U S D O C U M E N T S F R O M A.D. 117 T O 3 3 7 2
96 n. 24. Taubenschlag , 401 n. 3 . Herrmann, Studien zur Bodenpacht im Recht der graeco-aegyptischen Papyri, 30 n. 1 , 31 n. 4, 33 n. 5, 60, 103 n. 7, 108 n. 1 , 109 n. 7, 116 n. 5 , 1 1 7 n. 3 , 262. id. Chr. d'£g. xxxii, 1957, 122 n. 1 .
An application for a lease in the form of an hypomnema by two villagers of Magdola Mire in the Hermoupolite nome. The lessees undertake to lease 1 3 arourai of katoikic land and pay a rent in kind (cf. Mickwitz, Geld und Wirtschaft im romischen Reich, 120) in addition to an annual gift to the lessors and a gratuity of wheat. The lessors are two women, but only one of their names (Tryphaina, daughter of Nearchos) is preserved on the papyrus. Her son Hermaios, otherwise called Phibion, the son of Onias, acts as her Kiipios. We may assume that Onias, Phibion's father and Tryphaina's husband, was a Jew and regard the family as Jewish. It may even be that the katoikic land came into possession of one of Onias' ancestors who was among the Jewish military settlers of the Ptolemaic age, but other possi bilities too, of course, must be considered. It is noteworthy that Tryphaina and not her son is the owner of the land (yeou^o?). She is one of the many dypdp,p.aToi who bulk so large in papyrological evidence. (See the list drawn up by R. Calderini, Aeg. xxx, 1 9 5 0 , 1 4 sqq.) r..[.].[ ] . . [ . ] . .[TIroXefialov IJXov-] rapxov Trapd *HXi[o8cbp]ov 'Eppaiov Kal Miprjovs Ilavex^oTOV d[ptfio]Tepcov yecopycov [tojv] drro Kcop/qs MayStoXcov Miprj. fiovX6p[e&\a eKovaicos 5 [XLodojoaodac Trap* vp,cov els err) 8vo drro to[v~\ eveoTOJTOs it, (eTOVs) Ahpiavov Kaioapos tov Kvpiov Tas VTrapxovoas vpetv tco IJepl IIoXiv KaTco Trepl WcofidovrriXaXiv e/c tov A lovvaiov Kal Erra. iovs KXrjpcov diroTaKTOvs dpovpas KaToiKiKas Se'/ca Tpeis coare /car' ero? T O rjpiav arreipai Trvpcp eKtfjopiov eKaoTrjs dpovprjs Trvpov dpTaficdv rrevTe r)piaov[s] Kal to erepov 10 rjpuav arreipai Kpidrj /cat cpaKco eKcjjopiov eKaoTrjs dpovpr][s] a/cou Kal KpiO(rjs) /caTa, T O rjpiov dpTaficov rrevTe r)pioovs. TO. Se KaT ctos o~i>[va]yo[/Ae]va eK<j>6pia p.eTprjaopev vpeiv e£ dXXrjXeyyvrjs Kara to rjpiov ev [tco JTTjavvi Kal ^Errelcfj pbrjorl vea Kadapd dSoAa dftcoXa Kal tov Trvpov aKpidov rravTa /ce/coaKivevpeva perrpco AOrjvaiov eKrrjpopcp, tov vptov peTp[ovvTJos e* dXcb15 vcov Kcopuiqs MayScoXcov Mipr) /cat hcocropev vpeiv KaT* lr[o]s VTrep piadcotikov Spaxpas Teaaapas Kal rraihapiois 6p,oicos KaT* eVos" Trvpo[v] € / C T O V , tojv KaT eras Srjpocricov rravTCOv ovtcov rrpds vpas Tas yeovx[ov\s. eKcbvTes Se TrapaScooropev to rj[pi\av Trjs yrjs drro dvarravpaTOS cfjaKoy. (eTovs) it, AvTOKpaTopos Kaioapos Tpaiavov ASpiavov EefiaoTOV &acocf>i /CJ8. (2nd hand) Tpv20
S E C T I O N X I I : NOS. 4 5 1 - 4 8 0
10
(3rd hand) TIroXepaios Kvpios Kal eypa(ifja)
IJXovrdpxov
emyeypa(ppai)
VTr(kp) avrrjs pr) €lS(vcr)g)
TT)s yvvaiK(6s)
p[ov]
ypd(ppara).
17. 1. exovres.
(Translation.) (To Tryphaina . . ., and to . . ., under the guardianship of her husband) Ptolemaios son of Ploutarchos, from Heliodoros son of Hermaios and Mires son of Panechotes, both farmers from the village of Magdola Mire. W e wish of our own free will to lease from you, for two years from the present 17th year of Hadrianus Caesar the lord, the thirteen fixed arourai of katoikic land, part of the estates of Dionysios and . . ., which you own around Psobthonpilalis in the lower Peri Polin (toparchy): with the undertaking to sow half each year with wheat, at a rent of five and a half artabai of wheat for each aroura, and to sow the other half with barley and lentils, at a rent of five and a half artabai of lentils and barley, half and half, for each aroura. W e shall pay you the accumu lated yearly rent on reciprocal security in the months Payni and Epeiph, half and half, in fresh, clean, unadulterated produce, free from earth, and the wheat free from barley, all of it sifted, measured b y the sixth-measure of the temple of Athena; and your representative is to measure it out on the threshing-floors of the village of Magdola Mire. E a c h year we shall give you four drachmai as lessor's gift, and each year similarly a sixth of wheat to the servants, all the yearly public dues falling on you, the landowners. W e shall of our own free will hand over half the land in the condition of fallow land which has been sown with lentils. Y e a r 17 of Imperator Caesar Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, Phaophi 22. (2nd hand) I, Tryphaina daughter of Nearchos, have leased out (the land) as stated above. I , Hermaios, also called Phibion, son of Onias, have been ap pointed guardian to my mother, and wrote for her as she is illiterate. (3rd hand) I, Ptolemaios son of Ploutarchos, have been appointed guardian to my wife, and wrote for her as she is illiterate. 4. The name of MayowXa Miprj occurs quite often in the documents, cf., e.g., P. Wurzburg 1 3 ; B G U 860; P. Lips. 84, 85, 86; P. Strassb. 75. 7. The KXrjpoi retained the names of former holders. 1. TOJV instead of rod (edit.). 8. For katoikic land cf. Wilcken, Grundzuge, 303, 315. 14. For fteTpcp AByvaiov, see Calderini, &HEAYPOI, 1 1 2 . 16. iraiodpia are not necessarily slaves. Cf. C. H. Roberts, P. Oxy. 2351. 21 note. 17. TO.S yeovxovs—for this term cf., e.g., P. R y l . 169. 1 5 ; P. Lond. iii. 938. 1 3 ; P S I vii. 788. 1 7 ; xiii. 1334. 27. Women rarely act as lessees, but there is quite a number of documents from the Roman period in which women are lessors. Cf. Herrmann, op. cit. 58; see also Bringmann, op. cit. 95 sqq. M. S.
No. 4S4-- A sale of plots of land in a Jewish street Oxyrhynchos. 27-3 x 15-8 cm. A.D. 133. P. Oxy. 100 (Grenfell and Hunt). Cf. BL i. 3 1 5 . L I T . : Kenyon, Arch. ii. 75. Wenger, Stellvertretung, 245 n. 2. B r y , Essai sur la vente dans les papyrus, 105 n. 1 , 143 n. 1 , 157 n. 3 . Lewald, Beitrdge zur Kenntnis des romisch-dgyptischen Grundbuchrechts, 62 n. 4. Preisigke, Girowesen, 445 n. 2. Juster, ii. 177 n. 3. Kreller, Erbrechtliche Untersuchungen, 68
V A R I O U S D O C U M E N T S F R O M A.D. 117 T O 3 3 7 n. 3. Woess, Untersuchungen uber das Urkundenwesen und den Publizitdtsschutz im romischen 328 sq. Rink, Strassen- und Viertelnamen von Oxyrhynchus, 25 sq. Taubenschlag , 323 n. 13.
Agypten,
2
An oath delivered by a Roman, M. Antonius Dius, before the agoranomoi of Oxy rhynchos in order to testify to the sale of four plots of land owned by him in the Cretan quarter and in the Jewish street. We may plausibly suppose that M. Antonius Dius, former strategos of Alexandria (see note to 11. 1-2), became the owner of some plots of land in the Jewish quarter of Oxyrhynchos soon after the crushing of the Jewish revolt of A . D . I 15-17, when the confiscated Jewish land was put on sale (cf. Nos. 4 4 5 , 4 4 8 ) . r
JLaT
OJ
Tots dyopavopLOLs MdpKos AVTOJVLOS Aetos Kal cos xP )f ^ * orpaTrjyrjoas AXe^avSpecas, vecoKopos rod peydXov Uapdmhos. opvvco TOV 'Pcopalous edupov opKov TTeirpaKevai ASpdarTcp X[aiprjpovos TOV AhpdaTov, [N]eiXava/3aT€Ltp, TCO Kal AXOaiec prjTp[6s 5 0iXcoTepas TTJS 'Qpiyivovs dcrTrjs, Kal Aiovvaico TCO Kal UarrovrcoTi pryrpos TaaprrarjOLos TlepTaKos air* ' O£vpvyxcov rroXecos dcf>f)[XLKC] TOV irarpos "Qp[o]v ^p^jaart^ovros' prjTpos TaifjouTos [ TOLS] Svarl KO[L]VCOS i£ taov, aVo TCOV vrrapyovTCov p>[ci]i err* dpcf)68ov KprjTiKov Kal 'IovSa'CKrjs (Xavpas) Xonrcov ifjeiXcbv TO10 TTCOV fiecKovs Teooapas, cov r) TOTrodeaia Kal TO KaT avepov Sid TT}S KaTaypacf>rjs SeS^AajTai* eivai r e ipov Kal pryre viroKetodai prjSe eTepois itjrjXAoTpicoodaL /card prjSeva Tporrov, dVe^eiv Se pe TT]V T€ipr)v dpyvplov Spaxpas Sio^eiAias" SiaKoalas, Kal fiefiaicboeiv Trdorj fieftaLcbaeL Kal Trapi^eiv KaOapovs d[7ro d]7ro15 \yp\a>i)s Trdorjs Kal rravTos OVTLVOOOVV aXXov. (CTOVS) I £ AvT[oKpaTopos Kalaapos Tpaiavov ASpiavov HeftacrTOV, Oappovdc vy. (2nd hand) MdpKos AVTOJVLOS Spc6p[oKa TOV opKov. Verso : &app(ovdi) vy, icpy(r]VTat) ABpaoTOs Kal d[A]Ao? Tr(apd) MdpKov. (Translation.) Marcus Antonius Dius and however I am styled, former strategos of Alexandria, neokoros of the great Sarapis, to the agoranomoi. I swear the oath customary with Romans that I have sold to Adrastos son of Chairemon and grandson of Adrastos, of the Nilanabatean tribe and the Althean deme, mother Philotera, a citizen, daughter of Origenes, and to Dionysios also called Papontos, mother Taarpaesis daughter of Pertax, from the city of Oxyrhynchos, a minor, his father Horos being known as the son of Tapsois . . ., —to the two of them equally and in common, four bikoi from the remaining open lots which I own in the Cretan quarter and the Jewish street, the position and orientation of which are shown in the conveyance; and that (this land) belongs to me and is neither mortgaged nor alienated to others in any w a y ; and that I have received the price, two thousand two hundred drachmai of silver; and that I will guarantee (the land) with every form of guarantee and deliver it free from every form of property-registration and from anything else
12
S E C T I O N X I I : NOS. 4 5 1 - 4 8 0
whatsoever. Y e a r 17 of Imperator Caesar Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, Pharmouthi 1 3 . (2nd hand) I , Marcus Antonius, have sworn the oath. (Verso) Pharmouthi 13, purchase b y Adrastos and another from Marcus. 1 - 2 . The strategos of Alexandria is well attested. (References are to be found in Calderini, Dizionario, 1.193 s.v. (add P. Oslo iii. 84. 8 ) ; for discussion see Jouguet, La Vie municipale, 193 sqq.; Bilabel, RE 2 Reihe, iv. 247 sqq.) Our Dios is probably the same as Aeios yevopevos arpaTqyos rijs ir6\ea/cos: Cronert. 8. to is] according to a marginal note in Hunt's private copy. 9. 'IovoaiKTJs (Xavpas"} (cf. Rink, op. cit. 17). Though dp,6oov can be feminine as well as neuter, it is used here as neuter as attested by Kp-qriKov. It follows that 'IovoaCtcrjs belongs not to dp6oov but to some other word in the feminine, and the supposition that Xavpas is meant is the most plausible (cf. the 'IovBalicri Xavpa in Hermoupolis, No. 468). A t any rate Kp-qriKov and 'Iovoa'iK-q were two distinct quarters in Oxyrhynchos, and the singular dp.6oov indicates that the author connected dfi^ooov with KprjriKov only. The precise meanings of apo8ov and Xavpa are as yet not clear. Wilcken (Oslr. i. 712) thought that dpooov corresponds to the modern 'street', and Xavpa to 'quarter'; yet it seems that the opposite is true (cf. Jouguet, La Vie municipale, 282 sqq.). The dpfooa were of various sizes: there were only four in Hermoupolis, whereas about twenty are known in Oxyrhynchos and about sixty in Arsinoe. The size of a Xavpa cannot be stated. 9 sqq. t/j€iXd>v TOTTOJV : vacant building plots; cf. Rossi, Aeg. x x x , 1950, 42 sqq., and No. 447. 10. {ieUovs: cf. B G U 1 1 2 . 15. to Kar ave/iov the boundaries on the four sides. 14. d[n6 d]Tro[yp]a<j>rjs: BL.
A.D. 137. Theadelpheia. 6-5 x 14 cm. P S I 883 (Vitelli). L I T . : Bell, JEA xiii, 1927, 95. Ljungvik, Beitrdge zur Syntax der spdtgriechischen Volkssprache, 7 1 , 82 sq. Henne, Liste des strateges des nomes egyptiens, 10, 60. Frisk, Eranos, xxxviii, 1940, 43 sqq. Barns, Chr. d'£g. xxiv, 1949, 305. Taubenschlag , 457 n. 163, 458 n. 170, 541 n. 27. Youtie, Eos, xlviii, Fasc. 1 , 1956, 38r. 2
Isakous, daughter of Herakleides, complains of a theft of corn in the threshingfloor belonging to her late husband Apion in the 8r) poena e'Sa^ry of Theadelpheia (cf. Frisk, loc. cit.). She begs the strategos to order the archephodos of the village to take proper measures to search for and arrest the culprits. Her name makes it very prob able that Isakous was a Jewess. Though we cannot quote another example of Isakous in the Jewish onomasticon, and such derivatives were hardly common, we may com pare Joanna, the feminine form of Joannes, in No. 7, 11. 160, 166. It may be suggested in view of the great popularity enjoyed in the Graeco-Egyptian environment by names like Isarous (cf. for the second century A.D., e.g., P. Mich. iv. 2 2 3 . 2 3 8 6 ; 2 2 4 . 3 7 1 8 ; P. Cornell 1 6 . 1 6 ; P. Oslo 5 2 ; PSI 1 1 1 0 , 1 3 2 2 ; Chronique d'£gypte, xxv, 1950, 1 0 3 ; 0. Bodl. ii. 1198) that Isakous got her name because it sounded like them.
KVpLOV TOV VLOV TlflOKpaTOVS
TOV
V A R I O U S D O C U M E N T S F R O M A.D. 117 T O 3 3 7 5
ATTLCOVOS- €7TL^aX6vT€S TLV€$ XrjGrpiKtp rpoTTCp els ov e\oj TOV r e TeXevrrjKOTOS pbov dvSpos ATT[L-] COVOS TTVpLVOV TTOTOV', COV
io
15
iy€-
copyet Trepl ©eaSeXcpeuav Srjpoalcov i8acov, K(OI) vtfreipavro £K TOV TTXIOTOV £K TOV 8r)Xovp,evov TT&TOV oiOTe OVK oXiyov pLOl fiXdfios etjaKoXovdelv OVK eXaa{a)ov Trvpov dpTaficov e£. c5[v] xdptv tco crwrd^[at] TCO Trjs Kcoparjs ©eaSeXcpecas dpx€ojhcp
TTOiqaaadaL TT)V
KadrjKovoav
dvaXJfqaiv
/c(at) TOVS (pavevTCis OLTLOVS exi) 20 iv daaXeta irpos TTJV Seovaav eVe'^oSov. 8tei>r(u^et). (erovs) Ka avTOKpdropos Kaiaapos Tpaiavov ASp tavov UefiacTTOV, *ETTel(f> Te. I I . 1. -nXeiarov.
(Translation.) To Herakleides, strategos of the Arsinoite nome, divisions of Themistes and Polemon, from Isakous daughter of Herakleides, under the guardianship of her son Timokrates son of Apion. People have made a thievish attack on the threshing-floor which I received from my dead husband Apion, in the public lands which he farmed around Theadelpheia, and abstracted from the said floor most (of what was there), which resulted in no small loss to me, not less than six artabai of wheat. Therefore I ask you to order the chief policeman of the village of Theadelpheia to make the proper search, and let him keep those who are shown to be guilty in custody to face the fitting punishment. Farewell. Y e a r 21 of Imperator Caesar Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, Epeiph 15. 1. For similar petitions to the strategos cf., e.g., P. R y l . 126, 1 3 5 ; P. Tebt. 330, 3 3 1 . 9. For 817/xdffia iod<j>7) cf. Wilcken, Grundz. 289. 10. «(at) is superfluous. 17. For the part played by the dpxtyooos in the life of Roman E g y p t cf. Jouguet, La Vie munici pale, 265 sqq.; Oertel, Liturgie, 275 sqq. 21. Seovoav iircgooov—fitting punishment; cf. also Berger, JJP i, 1946, 125 sq. M. S.
No. 4.56. A fragment Provenience unknown. 2-9 x 1-9 cm. Second century A.D. P. Aberd. 136 (Turner). Musurillo, The Acts of the Pagan Martyrs, no. X V , pp. 74, 225.
14
S E C T I O N X I I : NOS. 4 5 1 - 4 8 0 A fragment of uncertain contents. fc]u£ta>[ ] . ov yd[p ] ovres T O [ ] TOVS *IovS[aiovs 5
] TOJV T7JS [
Traces of one further line. (Translation.) . . . the lord (? emperor) . . . for not of the . . . of the . . . .
being . . . the J e w s
No. 457. The Sabbath I collect here four minor scraps and fragments belonging to various epochs (from 7 B.C. to the fourth century A.D.), having in common the mention of the word Sabbath. ZdpfSara (cf. No. io, note to 1. 6) was the correct Jewish form, though some Jewish writers also use the form Hd^arov (cf. Bussby, Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, xxx, 1 9 4 6 - 7 , 1 5 7 sq.). No.
4sja
Oxyrhynchos. P. R y l . 603 (Introduction) (Roberts and Turner).
7 B.C.
Fragment of a letter sent to Heras, the secretary of the fiacnXiKos ypap/xarevs of the Oxyrhynchite district. From the remnants of 1 3 lines only the following two words are mentioned by the editor: 6 ecus Sa/x^[ the restoration may be 2d/x^[aTa or Eap,B[dTcov—'till Sabbath*.
No.
4syb
Provenience unknown. 6-3 x 8-5 cm. Class. Phil, xxxiv, 1939, 149 (Roberts). P. R y l . 613. Cavenaile, CPL 256. L I T . : Taubenschlag, JJP vi, 1952, 305.
Second century A.D.
A fragment of a business letter in Latin. The author (probably a Roman soldier) writes something to a Jew, or about a Jew, since Sabbath is mentioned. The exact meaning of the fragment is obscure: something must be done (probably purchased) 'because of the Sabbath'.
5
d[.]i[..].[.]r mandas se-propter sambatha fac-itaque
V A R I O U S D O C U M E N T S F R O M A.D. 117 T O 3 3 7 emas-et tradas suimer[o]ti
(Translation.) . . . to have consigned (?) because of the Sabbath. Therefore be sure to buy and hand over to . . . . 2 sqq. mandas se or mandasse? 4. sambatha = sabbatha. For the substitution of mb for bb see Section X I I I , Introduction, pp. 44 sqq. 8. 'Presumably a proper name' (edit.).
No.
4sjc
Hermoupolis. P. R y l . 637 (Roberts).
A.D. 3 1 7 - 2 3 .
The following lines are taken from the travel accounts of a certain Theophanes, a citizen of Hermoupolis, who visited Syria and Palestine some time between A.D. 3 1 7 and 3 2 3 . On the archive of Theophanes cf. Roberts in P. Ryl. iv. 104 sqq. (cf. Schwabe, Eretz-Israel, iii, 1954, 181 sqq. (in Hebrew)). Theophanes noted very carefully all his expenses during his journey. The following expenditure was noted by him on his way home when he was staying at Ostrakine, somewhere between Rhinokoroura and Pelousion. According to Roberts (note ad loc.) 'the item may represent some payment to local Jewish funds'. If so, this chance notice may serve as precious evidence of the existence of a Jewish community in this remote place, half-way between Egypt and Palestine. 470
ta iv '' OarpaKLvrj aracpvXcov els
dpiar(ov)
T\vp'L\LOV
475
cr[t]/ci>Stcov vijep Uapj3ad( i^ariXiajv
)a
(Sp.) (Sp.) (Sp.) (Sp.) (Sp.)
a a p r p
(Translation.) n t h (of Mesore), at Ostrakine: grapes for lunch, 200 dr.; cheeses, 200 dr.; cucumbers, 100 dr.; for one Sabbath (?), 300 dr.; exatilia, 100 dr. 475. The restoration Sap.pad(aiov) or SaixfSaOiicovos) is impossible, since imip in an account means a payment for something (cf. virep rod TOTTOV, the payment of a certain land-tax, see Section V ) and consequently cannot be connected with a personal name. So the restoration aa^drcov as proposed by Roberts, is the most probable. The item nevertheless is very obscure. Note that of all the expenditures made in Ostrakine this one was the most expensive. The sum was perhaps a fee levied by the Jewish community of Ostrakine from Theophanes and his fellow travellers for permission to pass through the territory of the Jewish settlement on the Sabbath. Y e t what can the numeral mean (in the draft of the same account y is written)? In the travel account of Theophanes the numerals usually follow some measure, like i/rco/xiov, Kpews Xlrpai, etc. Y e t aa^ar . . . cannot be interpreted in this way. Can
i6
S E C T I O N X I I : NOS. 4 5 1 - 4 8 0
it mean that the permission to go through the Jewish settlement on only one occasion cost 300 drachmai? 476. eganXlwv: 'just conceivably it is a corrupt form of saxatilis, used of fish found in rock pools' (edit.).
No.
4.5yd
Oxyrhynchos. P. Oxy. 903 (Grenfell and Hunt).
Fourth century A.D.
This is a long papyrus referring to a quarrel between a husband and his wife, both Christians. The line printed below tells us of a visit by the Christian lady to the church (TO Kvpuncov) on the Sabbath. For the veneration of the Sabbath by Christians in the early period of the Christian rule cf. Simon, Verus Israel, 3 7 4 . . . . Kal oLTreXdovaa [eljs TO KvpiaKov iv Uapftdda) (Translation.)
. . .
. . . and having gone away to the church on the Sabbath . . . .
According to the editors Eay.fia9d> is a place-name. The right interpretation—on the Sabbath— was given by Schubart, Einf. in die Pap., 371 (cf. also Roberts, P. R y l . 613, Introduction).
No. 4^8. A fragment of an account Fayum. P. Bouriant 44, verso (Collart).
Second century A.D.
The recto of this papyrus seems to be a fragment of a valuation of land concerning some village in the Fayum. Of the verso there remain traces of 8 or 9 lines. 1
'IovSa'iKov [
] iSrjXoj[.. . .]cu>ei[
and the last line: -
at ovaau rrjs e t a . . ap.. COJS. (Translation.) . . . of Jewish . . . those which are of the . . . . 1. 'IovoaiKov is evidently a place-name, or part of a place-name.
No. 459. From a report of
sitologoi
Fayum. B G U 1893 (Kortenbeutel).
A.D. 149.
The long papyrus contains a report of the sitologoi of the village BepviKis AlyiaXov in the Fayum concerning the revenues of the land-tax in wheat, barley, and beans. Some lines bearing on Jews are quoted below. Col. I X , 11. 297 sqq. Alhvpos 298
6 Kal nroXepatos
yvvaiKos B6p(viKcoos)
AiSvpov K(aT)oi(KOJv)
8td Uop,o€iXo(v) te (r)piav
rirapTov)
V A R I O U S D O C U M E N T S F R O M A.D. 117 T O 3 3 7 )8
Trpo(ap€TpovpL€vajv) 17}
(rfpiorv)
r)
(yCverai) (rrvpov
17
aprafiai)
yKO.
Col. X I , 1 1 . 371 sqq. AK€L[OVS] Sid Tovpfiojvos 'Qpelojvos Eafielvov Bep(vLKl8os)
j&Kiapis 372
dpTafiai) 373
AS
o au(ros) 'Iovoa'CK
TOV
Kal
8r](poaiojv)
(nvpov
K'8' . ..
Kal
aAAco(v) (nvpov
s'.
dpTa^at)
(Translation.) Didymos also called Ptolemaios, son of Didymos, through his wife Somoeilos (?), for Bernikis, t a x on katoikoi, 1 5 ! ; additional payment, 2 § . Total, i 8 f artabai of wheat. Akiaris son of Akes, through Turbon also called Horion, son of Sabinos, for Bernikis, t a x on state farmers, 3425 artabai of wheat. The same, of (for?) Jewish . . . and others, 6 artabai of wheat. Col. I X , 1. 297. Perhaps a feminine derivative of Samuel; cf. No. 455, Introduction. For npoan€TpoviJ.€va cf. Schuman, Studi in onore Calderini e Paribeni, ii. 301 sqq. Col. X I , 1. 373. According to the editors, 'IovoaU... refers to a place. Cf. No. 458.
No. 460. The Jewish tax at Karanis Arsinoite nome. P. Ryl. 594, col. I (Turner). Cf. BL iii. 163.
A.D. 145/6 or 167/8.
A tax-list containing totals of amounts collected in Karanis during a year. 'The 9th year' mentioned in 1. 1 gives no certain date, but on palaeographic grounds the year in question may be either A.D. 1 4 5 / 6 or 1 6 7 / 8 (editor). The totals refer to various taxes, such as laographia, viKr), x^ptovd^Lov, &c. Since the payments of laographia and VCK-TJ per head in the Arsinoite nome are approximately known, it is not difficult to calculate the total taxable population of Karanis, i.e. adult males of the village: it was over a thousand persons. In the light of this figure it is of the highest interest to state that the total collected for Jewish tax (1. 7) amounts to 9 dr. 2 obols, i.e. that there was only one Jew in Karanis at this time. We can easily suppose that a big village like Karanis once had a considerable Jewish population, and its numerous Sambathions in the second century (cf. No. 492) may serve, perhaps, as an additional proof. It was probably the crushing of the Jewish revolt under Trajan that annihilated the Jewish population of the village, so that thirty or fifty years after the revolt only one Jew remained in, or returned to, Karanis. Another important fact given by this document is that the exaction of the Jewish tax did not stop at A.D. 1 1 6 (the last evidence is No. 229) but was continued; we do not know when and by whom the tax was abolished. Cf. Vol. I, pp. 8 1 sqq. Col. I I of the document, dealing with the taxes of another village, has no reference to Jews.
i8
S E C T I O N X I I : NOS. 4 5 1 - 4 8 0 Col. I
5
Kapavioos 6 (erovs) Xaoy(pacf>cas) (rdXavra) s" 'Brifi V'LKTJS Aaoe (SicojSoAov) 7rpodpeio(v) f$ (OLXCLAKOV) xet/)cora£to(i;) 9 (OLOJ^OXOV) yeppcov y 'IOVO(CLLKOV) reXeorp(aros) 6 (OLOJJ3OXOV) eXa'CKo(v) pvpo((3aXavlvov) A
io
reXovs 6VL6JV
[....].[...
.]X[..}
prro
wWMs) (oLOjfioXov)
4. 1. wop9[iflov.
(Translation.) F o r Karanis, year 9. Poll-tax, 6 tal. 2,312 dr. Pig-tax 1,275 dr. 2 ob. Ferry-tax, 2 dr. 2 chalkoi. T a x on craftsmen, 90 dr. 2 ob. T a x on perquisites, 3 dr. Jewish tax, 9 dr. 2 ob. T a x on nut-oil, 1,090 dr.; 1 per cent, fee, 39 dr.; herald's fee, 6 dr. 3 o b . : total, 1,135 dr. 3 ob. T a x on mortars, 184 d r . . . . , 21 dr. 1 ob. . . ., 2 ob. 1. For Karanis cf. Nos. 484, 486-8, 492, 496-7. 4. Trpo6neto(v): identical with iropd[Aov\aKla: cf. Wallace, 152. 6. yeppaiv: 'a tax on the perquisites of priestly office' (editor). 7. For the usual rate of the Jewish tax (9 dr. 2 ob. per head) cf. Vol. I I , pp. 114 sqq. 8. Reading according to Wegener in BL. 9. p'd presumably stands for (iKaToarrjs) (pnas). See the editor's note. 10. reXovs dviwv. Wallace, 186; P. Aberd. 3 5 ; B G U 1894. 37.
No. 461. From a list of payments Bakchias (Fayum). 5-9 x 12-3 cm. P. F a y . 66 (Grenfell, Hunt, and Hogarth). L I T . : Taubenschlag, Das Strafrecht im Rechte der Papyri,
A.D. 185 or 217.
107 n. 3. Knudtzon, Bakchiastexte,
31,115.
A list of payments for fines imposed on various persons. ] . . . .LKQS dptQ(pi]CTecos) ©cod pr)(vos) KS* (erovs) KaraKpLp,dr(cov) 'Iep]avov7ns *Iepavovrrecos eTr(iKaXovp,evos) Teppiavos vn(ep) eTnri(p,ov) SiaXoy(i(jpov) (Spaxpcd) ].a> vTj(ep) evary[.. .]ecos *IaofJ7TLS V7r(ep) emr(ipov) dvayo(plas) (Spaxpcd) KS". JaAecos" t>7r(ep) e7nr(tp,ov) hiaXoy(iapov) dvayopias (Spaxpcd) k. ] "
V A R I O U S D O C U M E N T S F R O M A.D. 117 T O 3 3 7
19
(Translation.) . . . account of penalties for the month Thoth, year 26: Hieranoupis son of Hieranoupis, known also as Germanos, fine at the assizes, 8 dr.; . . . Jasepis, fine b y proclamation (?), 26 dr.; . . ., fine b y proclamation (?) at the assizes, 20 dr.; . . . . 1. On KaraKpifiara cf. P. Amh. ii. 114, introd.; P. Tebt. ii. 298. 65 note. 3. For the name 'Iaorpns — 'ZaaijSu cf. No. 27, 7. dvayopda reappears in SB 6951. 1. 25, but remains obscure.
No. 462. Pollia Maria the younger The eight ostraka printed below are linked together by the name of Pollia Maria the younger. Her first name is apparently Roman and derives from Pollius. Her second name, Maria, suggests that she was Jewish; cf. Nos. 2 2 3 , 1 , 2 2 7 , 1 ; and, e.g., J o s . , b e l l . 6 . 2 0 1 ; Matthew 1 . 1 6 s q q . , 2 7 . 5 6 ; M a r k 6 . 3 , 1 5 . 4 0 ; L u k e 8 . 2 , 2 4 . 1 0 ; John 1 1 . 1 , 1 9 . 2 5 ; CI J 1 2 8 4 , 1 5 3 5 . The Latin nomen precedes the Jewish name in accordance with the common usage in Roman Egypt; cf. Schubart, Einfuhrung in die Papyruskunde, 3 1 9 , 3 3 2 , and, e.g., KXtoSla A&vpvq (O. Bodl., 1 5 9 3 ) . Hunt's proposal in the marginalia of his private copy of Meyer's Griechische Texte to take Maria there (our No. 4 6 2 a ) as a Roman name does not seem very plausible, because in that case we should assume that the woman was called by two Roman nomina gentilicia (Pollia and Maria), a thing which, though perhaps possible in Egypt, is hardly common. The earliest among the following ostraka which bear a date is from A.D. 1 5 0 (No. 4 6 2 6 ) , the latest (No. 462A) is from A.D. 1 6 1 . They are all concerned either with payment in cash by Pollia Maria of arrears to the government (pepicrfios ivXelpparos TCXCUVIKCOV in Nos. 4 6 2 6 and 463c) or with transfer of some quantity of wheat to accounts in the public granary (Nos. 4 6 2 a , d, e,f, g, h). In view of the payment of wheat to the state granary to her account 8id yewpyov (Nos. 4 6 2 ^ - 0 ) , we may surmise that Pollia Maria used to lease some land to tenants. M. S. No. Thebes. 7 - 5 x 1 1 cm. P. M. Meyer, Griechische Texte aus Agypten, vom Osten ,97 sq.
462a
c. A.D. 150. 175 sq. (0. Deissmann, 56). S B 4252. Deissmann, Licht
4
KpeZaTTos Na. . a [ . ] . | StacrretAov et? 6vop(a) \ els NOTOV A(LJ36S) \ Ovear^Sla?) UeKpySa Sid TloXXla \ 5 j Mapia vecor(epa) rds rod \ Trvpov dprd^(as) Suo y)\piov rplrov rerpaKaLKooT(6v). (Translation.) Krispos to Na. . . . Transfer to the account of Vestidia Secunda, to the south-west quarter, through Pollia Maria the younger, the two and seveneighths artabai of wheat. 1. Kpeioiros is quite a common name among J e w s ; cf. I Cor. 1 . 1 4 ; Acts 18. 8; Jos., vita 3 3 , 382, 388, but there is no reason to assume the Kpetonos of the ostrakon to be a J e w . 2. 8iaaT€iAov—for this technical term cf. Preisigke, Girowesen, 119 sqq. 3. NOTOV Aipos—one of the quarters of Thebes; cf. W O passim; Preaux, Ostraca Wilbour, nos. 5 4 , 5 5 , 58, 59; 0 . Bodl., passim.
20
S E C T I O N X I I : NOS. 4 5 1 - 4 8 0
4. Sia IloXXia Mapia—an example of the vulgar use of nominative instead of genitive quite common in ostraka; cf., e.g., Youtie, TAP A, lxxxi, 1950,101. Pollia Maria the younger is only one of the many Pollii who are met in the Theban ostraka of the second and third centuries; see, e.g., Marcus Pollius Herakleios (WO 988; O. Ashmol., 64; 0 . Bodl., 1849); Marcus Pollius Herennius (WO 898); Marcus Pollius Alexander ( 0 . Bodl., 1818); Marcus Pollius Lucanus, also called Horigenes (ibid. 1 5 1 1 ) ; Pollia, the daughter of Pollius (ibid. 1 3 1 8 ) ; cf. also, e.g., Dessau, ILS 6302, 5058; SEG i. 154. The doubts of Meinersmann, Dielateinischen W drier und N amen in den griechischen Papyri, 92, as to the derivation of IJoXXios and IJoXXta from the Latin Pollius seem unwarranted. The emergence of the name TloXXiwv (the Pharisee) among the Jews of Palestine in the first century B.C. (Jos., ant. xv. 3 sq., 370; cf. Feldman, JQR xlix, 1958, 53 sqq.) is still unexplained. M. S.
No.
462b
Thebes. O.'Bodl. 778 (Tait-Preaux).
1st September, A.D. 150.
'Qpicov a7rair(r)rr)s) pepiap(ov) \ evX(elp,paros) reX(coviKcov) Ayo(pcov) Tarrerjis jTaip(u) | Sid TJoXXia Mapia ve(corepa). eox{ ) \ v(7rep) p,epicrp,(ov) ij8 (erovs) 6ft(oXovs) e (xclXKOVS reoaapas) (yivovrai) (6/3oXol rrevre) (xciXKOL reoaapes). | 5 | (erovs) iS. Avrcovivov Kalaapos | TOV Kvpiov ©cod S. ov
(Translation.) Horion, collector of the assessment for deficit in farmed taxes, Agorai quarter, to Tapeeis daughter of Gaios, through Pollia Maria the younger. I have received, for the assessment of the 12th year, 5 ob. 4 chalk., total 5 ob. 4 chalk. Year 14 of Antoninus Caesar the lord, Thoth 4. 1. For diraiT-qrrig cf. W O , i. 609 sq.; Oertel, Liturgie, 204 sqq. 1 - 2 . /xepta/xou ivXelp.p.aros reXwviKwv—cf. Preaux, Ostraca Wilbour, 52 sq.—Tanevjcs should be taken as dative. M. S.
No. Thebes. 0 . Bodl. 784 (Tait-Preaux).
462c 23rd July, A.D. 160.
Aieypa(i/je) TloXXia Mapia v(ecorepa) \ Kal ol per(o)(oi) els apiQ(pr)cnv) p,rj(v6s) ^Errelcj) \ rov Ky (erovs) vrr(ep) peptcrp,o(v) evX(eipparos) reX(covLKWV) Xd(paKOs) I K/3 (erovs) pv7r(apds) (Spaxpds) e^r\Kovra (yivovrai) (Spaxpal) J 5 j (erovs) Ky Avrcovivov Kalaapos rov | Kvpiov ETr(el)cj> K6. Kapo(vpis) a(eor)rj(peicopai). i
(Translation.) Paid b y Pollia Maria the younger and her associates to the reckoning of the month Epeiph of the 23rd year, for the assessment for deficit in farmed taxes, Charax quarter, 22nd year: sixty dr. including additional charges, total 60 dr. Year 23 of Antoninus Caesar the lord, Epeiph 29.1, Karouris, have signed. 2. /Mfr(oxot)—'Je crois pouvoir lire ol fiiiipxoCf (Preaux). These associates of Pollia Maria are not necessarily engaged in tax-farming, since fxiroxoi has other meanings as well. Cf. Vol. I, p. 195 n. 2 and, e.g., 0 . Bodl. 881 where the term /neroxot is applied both to Imouthes and his associates (the tax-collectors) and to the tax-payers (1. 4). M. S.
V A R I O U S D O C U M E N T S F R O M A.D. 117 TO 3 3 7 No.
21
462J
Thebes. 0 . Bodl. 1433 (Tait-Preaux).
7th June, A.D. 1 5 5 .
Me(rprjpa) drjo(avpov) pr)(rpoir6Xea>s) yevrj(paros) irj (erovs) \ Avrojvivov Kalaapos TOV Kvpiov \ IJav(vi) ly vrr(ep) X(dpaKos) ovo(paros) IJoXXias Mapias I vetorepas Sid y(ecopyov) 'Eirtovvx{ ) Tlerex^vaios) (rrvpov dprd^rjv) pl\ 5 \av rplrov (yiverai) (pla) (rpirov). Mr)ygS(ojpos) a(ea)r](peiojpai). ov
(Translation.) Payment to the granary of the metropolis, crop of the 18th year of Antoninus Caesar the lord, on Payni 13, for the Charax quarter, account of Pollia Maria the younger, through the farmer Eponychos son of Petechonsis: one and a third art. of wheat, total i\. I, Menodoros, have signed. M. S.
No.
462s
Thebes. O. Bodl. 1435 (Tait-Preaux).
19th June, A.D. 157 (?).
Me(rprjpa) 9r]a(avpov) Koj(pcov) yevrj(paros) \ K (erovs) Avrcoyiygy Kalaapos \ rov Kvpiov IJav(vi) Ke | V7r(ep) X(dpaKos) 6v6(p,aros) TloXXla Mapia I 5 I Sid y(eojpyov) ErriK(pdrovs) 0iXcovaro(s) \ (rrvpov dprdfias) rpeis rjpiav 8a)BeK(arov) | (yivovrai) (rrvpov dprdfiai) y (rjpiov) (oojBeKarov). TIapd) (vdrjs) aegr)(peiojpai). i
(Translation.) Payment to the granary of the villages, crop of the 20th year of Antoninus Caesar the lord, on Payni 25, for the Charax quarter, account of Pollia Maria, through the farmer Epikrates son of Philonas: three and seventwelfths artabai of wheat, total 3 ^ artabai of wheat. I , Pamonthes, have signed. 2. *c rather than j? (Tait).
M. S .
No. Thebes. 0. Bodl. 1436 (Tait-Preaux).
462/ 13th September, A.D. 157.
Me(rprjpa) 6rj(aavpov) pr)(rpoTr6Xea>s) yeyrjp(aros) K (erovs) Ayra)(vivov) Kalaapos rov \ Kvpiov ©d>(6) 1 ? vrr(ep) Ke(papeia)v) ovo(piaros) Mdpt<(ov) \ KXa)hio(v) AXe£d(vSpov) rov Kal Facavov | erriK(aXovpevov) (rrvpov dprdftas) I f Bipoipo(v) (elKoaroreraprov) Kal vrr(ep) X(dpaKos) ovo(paros) | 5 | rov a(vrov) (rrvpov dprdfias) rpeis rjpiav rplro(v) (yivovrai) (rrvpov dprdfiai) y (rjpiav) (rpirov) | feat ovo(paros) IloXXia Mapia (rrvpov dprd/3as) reaaapas \ fjpiov rerapro(v) (yivovrai) (rrvpov dprd^ai) S (rjpiav) (reraprov) Kal
S E C T I O N X I I : NOS. 4 5 1 - 4 8 0
22
vrr(ep) vrr(ep)
| N6(TOV) dvg(paros) rrjs a(vrrjs) (Trvpov dprdfirjs) 6yho(ov) /cat | Xd(paKos) ovg(paros) MdpKo(v) KXOJ(OIOV) (rrvpov dprd^rjs) €KTO(V) | 10 | (elKoaroreraprov) Kal qyg(paros) IJerepevco((f)ios) | }Ffya( ) (rrvpov dprdfirjs) (elKoaroreraprov) (reaaapaKoarooyhoov) Kal ovo(paros) | IIereyo^ro(vros) Weva(povvios) | (rrvpov dprdfias) (elKoaroreraprov) (reaaapaKoarooySoov). 2Jecp(s) a(ea)r)(peiojpai). (Translation.) Payment to the granary of the metropolis, crop of the 20th year of Antoninus Caesar the lord, on Thoth 16, for the Kerameia quarter, account of Marcus Clodius Alexandras also called Gaianos: six and seventeentwentyfourths artabai of wheat. And for the Charax quarter, account of the same (Marcus Clodius): three and five-sixths artabai of wheat, total 3 ! artabai of wheat; account of Pollia Maria: four and three-quarters artabai of wheat, total 4 f artabai of wheat. And for the South quarter, account of the same (Pollia Maria): one eighth of an artaba of wheat. And for the Charax quarter, account of Marcus Clodius: five-twentyfourths of an artaba of wheat; account of Petemenophis son of Psena . . . : <| of an artaba of wheat; account of Petenobtous son of Psenamounis: | of an artaba of wheat. I , Seos, have signed. 5
4. 'Tait laissait en blanc le premier mot de la ligne oil je crois voir eVi^aAou/ieVou)' (Preaux). M. S.
No. 4 6 2 ^ Thebes. O. Bodl. 1437 (Tait-Preaux).
2nd June, a.d. 158.
Mi(Tpr)pa) dr)a(avpov) pr](rpoTr6XeoJs) yeyrj(paTos) \ Ka (erovs) Avrtoylyov Kalaapos | rod Kvpiov TIav(vi) rj | V7r(ep) N6(rov) ovo(paTOs) IJoXXias I 5 j Maplas (rrvpov dprd^rjs) 8co8e\Karo(v) (yivovrai) (rrvpov dprdfirjs) (ScoheKarov). IJapbOj(vdr)s) aear)(pelojpat). (Translation.) Payment to the granary of the metropolis, crop of the 21st year of Antoninus Caesar the lord, on Payni 8, for the South quarter, account of Pollia Maria: one twelfth of an artaba of wheat, total ^ of an artaba of wheat. I, Pamonthes, have signed. M. S. N o . 462/1 Thebes. 0 . Bodl. 1455 (Tait-Preaux).
12th J u l y , A.D. 161.
M€(rprjpa) 6r)(aavpov) Kco(pcov) yeyrj(paros) a (erovs) AvprjXlov | Avrcoylygy /cat AvprjXlov \ Ovrjpov rcdy Kvpltov Ze^aar(cov) | 'Errel vr) vrr(ep) X(dpaKos) ovo(paros) TToAAtas" | 5 | Maplas v(ecorepas) (rrvpov dprd^ai) Se/ca | yivovrai (rrvpov dprd^ai) t. Qpos a(ea)rj(pelojpai). T
(Translation.) Payment to the granary of the villages, crop of the 1st year of Aurelius Antoninus and Aurelius Verus our lords the emperors, on Epeiph 18,
V A R I O U S D O C U M E N T S F R O M A.D. 117 T O 3 3 7
23
for the Charax quarter, account of Pollia Maria the younger: ten artabai of wheat, total 10 artabai of wheat. I, Horos, have signed. M. S.
No. 463. Fragment of a camp record Provenience unknown. 15 x 5 cm. P. Mich. vii. 448 (Sanders). Cavenaile, CPL 131.
Late second century A.D.
A very scrappy fragment of some camp record, possibly, as suggested by the editor, a list of auxiliary soldiers. The editor suggests restoring Ebra in 1. 8 as Ebra[eus, i.e. 'E^palos and taking it as denoting the nationality of the soldier. 'Efipaios could be used in the second century as well as *Iovhalos to denote a Jew (see Juster, i. 1 7 4 sqq.). For another military list in which the nationality of a soldier is mentioned cf. No. 465. ....]is b[..]ut ..[ ]ndus tr[ ]de[.]d[..]nu[ . . ] v e r e t [ . . . ] subiacusf 5
]ciramis[. .]s filii [. ]tem Chaerilionem [ ] terti[.]m hunc. Oeg[ ] Oxyrinchis E b r a [ ]nis[.]ram abdior ege[
10
]mnibus[. ] Geta cos. em[ ] inclusum. in nay[ ] traditum. ess[e .]is[. .]aben[. .]erdu[. .]c[.]ti[
15
]tibus[
]tci[.
]te.en[
]e[
(Translation.) ( 5 - 1 2 ) . . . son . . . Chaerilion . . . third . . . Oxyrhyncha Hebrew ( ? ) . . . Abdior . . . Geta consul. . . shut in the ship . . . to have been handed over . . . . 8. Oxyrinchis 'is perhaps the place of origin or location of another soldier' (edit.). 9. abdior is possibly to be taken as a (Semitic) name; cf. Wuthnow s.v. Uporjs, #/J8os, H^Satv. 9 - 1 1 . According to the editor inclusum in nav[e and traditum esse probably refer to the location or destination of the soldiers in question. A. F.
No. 464. A list of names Soknopaiou Nesos. 22-2 x 13-6 cm. Second century A.D. Stud. Pal. xxii, 1922, 47, no. 178 (Wessely). L I T . : Wessely, Karanis und Soknopaiou Nesos, 29. Juster, ii. 295, n. 2. Fuchs, 52 sq.
An administrative document, from the find at Soknopaiou Nesos in the Fayum. The recto lists Roman landowners from Bakchias and another village, along with the
S E C T I O N X I I : NOS. 4 5 1 - 4 8 0 24 size of their holdings and the names of the tenants who farm for them. One of these tenants, 'Heras otherwise called Azakiel' (11. 2 3 - 2 4 ) , bears a Hebrew name; another, *S[im]on son of Horion' (1. 4), might also be a Jew. Here therefore we have Jewish villagers who do not belong to the privileged class of rich landowners, but share the fate of the poor Egyptian lessees. The verso names three men from Neilopolis and Soknopaiou Nesos who are financially qualified to undertake the x^o-^K^oXla: for this liturgical office see Oertel, Liturgie, 1 9 3 ; P. Ryl. ii. 90. 1 7 note; P. Lond. v, p. 3 . I78R
MapKia NepioiXXa
(apovpai) e (rfpiov) Kal
MdpKos Avrojvios Eeprjvos (apovpai) y (rfpiov) Kal Tdios N[o]vpepios OvdXrjs (apovpai) 8 (yivovrai) (apovpai) ly 81(d) ye(ojpyov) E[ip\ojvos 'Dpiojvos 5 MdpKos Avp-qXios Eafieivos (apovpai) 6 Kal MdpKos Avrojvios Md£ip,os (apovpai) 1 (yivovrai) (apovpai) id 81(d) y€to(pyov) Nepeadros iTriKaX(ovpivov) Wrjfiis rdios . [ ]ppios Ivydvr)s (apovpai) /ce Si(d) yecopy(ov) ' Ovvojtppztos i7riKaX(ovp4vov) 10 ' Orocpaeiri. iv -Ba/c^idSi ,
©arjcris r] Kal Ai8vp/i) TIroX€(palov) (apovpai) ij8 Kal Aoyyivia OdfiovXXa (apovpai) ly (yivovrai) (apovpai) KG 81(d) yeco(pyov) Tovpfitovos KetpaXd MdpKos Avrcovios OvdXrjs (apovpai) Kal 15 AOVKIOS 'IovX(ios) KpeioTTOs (apovpai) y (yivovrai) (apovpai) e Sid yeoj(pyov) Eafieivos 'IovX(iov) rdios Ao[KJprjrios AeKorpos (apovpai) e Sid yeco(pyov) MvoBov iiriKaX(ovp€.vov) Wiqov rdios IovX(ios) EiXftavos (apovpai) K€ 2 0 Sid [y€]ajpy(ov) Aio8c6pov iTriKaX(ovp,evov) Ileovpis MdpKos Io[vX\ios KpeiOTTOs (apovpai) £ Sid yeojpy(ov) 'Hpdros i7riKaX(ovpevov) A^aKieX 25 (in the lower margin) pi<8 9
J
a
178V x° P' reK^oX(ias) N€IX(OV7T6X€OJS) Ecords i7riKaXov(pevos) IJXeppiavs e^co(v) 7r6(pov) (8paxpcov) x ATTIOJV i7TiK(aXovpevos) KaKas exojv Tr6(pov) o(poicos) (8paxpojv) % EoKVOTraiov Nrjaov opoiojs 30 IJa^ovs i7TiKaX(ovpievos) ©idKTjs 6(p,oltos) (Bpaxpojv) x* (erovs) y Tvfii j8.
V A R I O U S D O C U M E N T S F R O M A.D. 117 T O 3 3 7
25
(Translation.) Marcia Nemesilla 5 ! arourai, and Marcus Antonius Serenus 3 ! arourai, and Gaius Numerius Valens 4 arourai, total 13 arourai, through their tenant Simon son of Horion. Marcus Aurelius Sabinus 9 arourai, and Marcus Antonius Maximus 10 arourai, total 19 arourai, through their tenant Nemesas otherwise called Psebis. Gaius . . .rrius Ingenuus 25 arourai, through his tenant Onnophris otherwise called Otophaes (?). At Bakchias. Thaesis also called Didyme, daughter of Ptolemaios, 12 arourai, and Longinia Fabulla 13 arourai, total 25 arourai, through their tenant Turbon son of Kephalas. Marcus Antonius Valens 2 arourai, and Lucius Julius Crispus 3 arourai, total 5 arourai, through their tenant Sabinus son of Julius. Gaius Lucretius Dexter 5 arourai, through his tenant Mysthas otherwise called Pseos. Gaius Julius Silvanus 25 arourai, through his tenant Diodoros otherwise called Peouris. Marcus Julius Crispus 7 arourai, through his tenant Heras otherwise called Azakiel. (Total) 124 (arourai). (Verso) Construction of dikes. Neilopolis: Sotas otherwise called Plemmaus, with a fortune of 600 drachmai; Apion otherwise called Kakas, with a fortune similarly of 600 drachmai. Similarly Soknopaiou Nesos: Pabous otherwise called Thiakes, 600 drachmai similarly. Y e a r 3, T y b i 2. 3. OvdXrjs: Valens. 4. .~\a>vos ed. 17. AeKorpos: Dexter. 24. MCLKUX: the Biblical Ezekiel (VXPTRP).
No. 46^. A list of Roman soldiers Oxyrhynchos.
1 2 - 5 x 1 6 - 4 cm.
A.D. 205.
P. Oxy. 735 (plate v) (Grenfell and Hunt) with P. Oxy. v. p. 315 (BL i. 327 sq.). Cavenaile, CPL 134L I T . : S. Fraenkel, Arch. iv. 171. Preisigke, Girowesen, 201 sq. Juster, ii. 274 n. 3 . Fuchs, 42, 50 sq. Taubenschlag , 92 n. 126. Lesquier, UArmee romaine oVEgypte, 97, 357. Daris, Aeg. x x x v i , 1956, 242 n. 4. 2
The papyrus contains a Greek letter sent to an olKovopos oviKapios of a detachment of Roman soldiers bearing on a distribution of 5 0 artabai of wheat among some cavalrymen. The names of these cavalrymen (in Latin) precede the Greek letter. There follows a list of six infantrymen (item pedites vi). More names in Latin are re corded in another column (col. I I I ) . According to the editors, 'one or two of these soldiers' names indicate Hebrew extraction'. The papyrus has sometimes been quoted as evidence to show that Jews served in the Roman army (cf., e.g., Juster, Fuchs). Yet this evidence cannot be taken as reliable since almost all the names of the soldiers are common Semitic (such as Zabdius, Gaddius, Malichus, etc.), and not specifically Jewish. According to Fraenkel, loc. cit., most of these Semitic names point to natives of Palmyra. (On Palmyrene troops in Egypt, see H. T. Rowell, RE xvii. 2 5 4 9 ; P. Mich, vii. 454, 1. 1 3 n o t e ; on Palmyrenes in Egypt see Schwartz, BSAA xl, 1 9 5 3 , 6 3 s q q . ) I t may be assumed, indeed, that Jews, known as a seditious people, were not welcomed in the Roman army. Nevertheless, Barichius might have been a Jew since the name would seem to be a typical Hebrew name.
26
S E C T I O N X I I : NOS. 4 5 1 - 4 8 0 Col. I I
5
io
G[.]lf Sadus Marrius Comar[ Valerius Isidori MaXcoxcds M[. .]yay[o]v OTTTLCOV OVLKTCOpi Kcopaplvco Kaiodpcov olxovopov oviKapiov ^at/setv. epeTprjOrjoav OL 7TpOKlp€VOL 677776IS TTpaiTCOV dpiOpCp V virkp pyjvos ©cod rrvpov dprdftas irevTTjKovra. (erovs) tS TOJV Kvplcov UefiaoTcov ©M
15
item pedites vi Beleus ad cognlega Claudius Ierraeus Gaddius Themes
I Belei Zabdius Sabinus Macchana Avidus Malichi
Col. I l l Iebael [ Barichius [ Sadus [ Themes [ Salmes [ Zebidius [ Malichus Sa [ Psenosirius R o m a n (us?) A[ Cumesiu[s] et Trufon H[ Iulius.[ Etiopius Chu.[ Pacebius P[ riex
20
25
30
(Translation.) (Col. ii) G . . . Sadus . . . Marrius (son of ?) Comar . . . Valerius son of Isidorus. Malochos son of M . . . os, adjutant, to Victor son of Komarinos, deputy oikonomos of the emperors, greeting. The above-mentioned cavalrymen of the
V A R I O U S D O C U M E N T S F R O M A.D. 117 T O 3 3 7
27
first (?), 50 in number, have received fifty artabai of wheat for the month Thoth. Y e a r 14 of our lords the Augusti, Thoth 7 . Also Beleus' 6 infantrymen: Beleus; Zabdius; Claudius Sabinus (sent to in vestigate (?)); Jerraeus son of Macchanas (?); Gaddius Avidus; Themes son of Malichus (Col. iii) . . .; Jebael . . . ; Barichius . . . ; Sadus . . . ; Themes . . . ; Salmes . . . ; Zebidius . . .; Malichus S a . . .; Psenosirius . . . ; Romanus (?) A . . . ; Cumesius (?) and Tryphon . . . ; Julius . . . ; Etiopius . . . ; Pacebius . . . . 8. Reading according to P. Oxy. v, p. 3 1 5 . This reading should be regarded as right, since 1 artaba per man per month is the normal ration (cf. Preaux, Chr. d'Eg. xxvi, 1951, T33). The horizontal stroke above v in the papyrus suggests a numeral. However irpalrcov is difficult to understand. 14. A d cognlega is resolved by Wilcken ad cogn(oscendum) lega(tur), by de Ricci ad cogn(itionem) lega(ti), see P. Oxy. v, p. 3 1 5 . 1 5 . Serraeus for Ierraeus is possible (De Ricci apud P. Oxy. v, p. 315). 16. Gaddius suggested by de Ricci for Gradius, cf. P. Oxy. v, p. 3 1 5 . 19. Barichius, the Hebrew *]1*13; cf. the inscription Bopoi>x Bapaxta. (SB 2654; Frey, CI J ii, no. 1438); cf. also an inscription from Jaffa, where a Bapovx °s i mentioned: Frey, CIJ ii, no. 9 5 3 ; Sefer ha-Jishuv, 1. 83. I cannot explain the letters Hex. 22. Salmeus is possible, cf. P. Oxy. v, p. 3 1 5 . 27. 'De Ricci suggests cum epistra(tego) at the beginning of the line, which is possible' (Hunt, loc. cit.). 29. Eponouchos suggested by De Ricci (Hunt, ibid.). i
s
No. 466. A list of names Arsinoite nome? P. Vars. 16 (Manteuffel).
Second or third century A.n.
A list of persons who paid some sums of money. The purpose of the payments is unknown. The papyrus contains 24 lines. 21
(Translation.)
XacprjiJitov
'/pySa
. . . . [ . ] Kal
Chairemon . . . and J u d a . . . .
For the name 'Iovoa, TllW
cf. Nos. 24, 10, 1 6 , 1 7 , 20; 43, 3 ; 235, 1 ; 501, 2.
No. 467. Sheep sold for a Jewish feast Provenience unknown. 21 x 10 cm. Second or third century A.D. P. Gron. 3 (Roos). Cf. BL iii. 72. L I T . : Wilcken, Arch, xi, 1935,142. Collart, Revue de Philologie, 3 serie, ix, 1935,104. Kortenbeutel, Gnomon, xi, 1935, 442. Schmidt, GGA, cxcvii, 1935, 3 1 3 . Avogadro, Aeg. x v , 1935, 198 sq. Wallace, Taxation, 388 n. 3 3 . m
e
A document dated by Schubart in the second or in the third century A.D. (see P. Gron. 3, Introduction). It seems that the writer is explaining to the strategos of the
28
S E C T I O N X I I : NOS. 4 5 1 - 4 8 0
nome the difference revealed between the number of sheep and goats as stated in the recent i^apldpqais and that deriving from the former d-n-oypa^q (1. 8 : vapd rd COTOypa(f>4vTa). The state of preservation of the papyrus renders most of the details un certain ; yet it would appear that the sale (?) of some of the sheep and goats to Jews for a feast is one of the reasons given for the reduction in numbers. Meat was not a common food among Jews and its use was occasioned mostly by religious and family celebrations. Cf. Krauss, Talmudische Archaologie, i. 1 0 8 , 4 7 9 n. 4 8 1 . Both Kortenbeutel and Avogadro would identify the feast hinted at in the papyrus with the Passoverfeast. This suggestion is quite probable though not absolutely necessary. It has been stressed that it is not only a matter of coincidence that the slaughtered sheep were intended for Jews, since the Egyptian population hardly treated itself to mutton; cf. also P. Cornell 1 5 , Introduction, p. 80. For a different view see Schmidt, op. cit. 3 1 3 . The document probably emanates from an official ropos ovyKoXXtfaipos. Cf. Hombert-Preaux, Recherches sur le recensement dans I'Egypte romaine, 1 3 1 sqq. A( ) ]dr)aav {apovpai) a t rr(po) K€i(pevai) amep diro TTOX[ TO~]V dpidpov TCOI TOV vopov crTp[aTr]yojL iva
5
TO O]K6XOV0OV
iToirjor}.
dpjeppiaTa rj e/c TCOV ye[vo]pevco[v ]a €>/><:[<£...]...[ Space r]rjs y€Vope[v]r)s ] . . . . Trapa
10
15
Space.
rd
i£ap[i\dpr)[cr€cos aTroyp\acpivTa
]cov e dpviojv j8[ KTJr)voTpocf>ov£ vnep VTTQ[ ] [ ] . . [vTrjdXXaypa TCOV (Spaxptov) £ [ . . ] Kal ] . . etvai Trapa payeipco alycov X a. [ ]deiacov T€ 'IovSaiois els ovv§oXr)\y ]cps vTr€.oyr\p£vai dveXrjdr)aav [ T]COV Se VTroyvcos evpedevTcov d[XXcov
peT..[
6pe]ppaTCov Ke eypa[ifj]d 001 Kal a [ ] Trpdaecos avTcov cj>povTiha TT.[ avvTroXoyoc] ovaat oVd \rr\avTos VTr\o\X6yov cov.[ ]? cpVTeiav [«ra]t rroaov Std t o [ 2 0
]^[
]ra
ynyj][.](f>€[
pe]pvr]oda[i
' ].'[..m (Translation.) (Sheet?) 30. . . . the above-mentioned arourai which from . . . of the number to the strategos of the nome, so that he may act accordingly. (Space) . . . beasts or from the former . . . reared . . . . (Space) . . . the former reckoning . . . contrary to the registered . . . of 5 (sheep?), 2 lambs . . . herdsmen for . . . security for the 7 drachmai. . . and . . . with the butcher . . . of 30 goats . . . and (sold?) to the Jews for a contributory f e a s t . . . promised and listed . . .
V A R I O U S D O C U M E N T S F R O M A.D. 117 T O 3 3 7 and of those others recently found . . . 25 beasts I wrote to you and . . . care of their sale . . . not being subject to any deduction . . . planting, and how much through . . . remember . . . . 3. t w i rov vofiov oTp[aT7jyu>i—the strategos was one of the officials most concerned with the reports on animals and with the census undertaken for their verification. These reports were regularly addressed to him (cf., e.g., P. Amh. ii. 7 3 ; P. Flor. iii. 374; P. Oxy. ii. 245; P S I i. 56). 7. i£ap[i]9iy!i[oea>s. For i{japiOiirjo€i.s of live-stock cf. P. Oxy. xvii. 2118, 2117. The word is commonly taken to imply the census of sheep, goats, camels, etc., undertaken with a view to testing the accuracy of the returns made by the owners. 10. inep viro[\6yov van Groningen. 13. ]dei.ou>v—TrpaOeiowv is tentatively restored by the editor. For a deduction caused by sale cf., e.g., P. Amh. ii. 73. 6 sq. els owflo\rj[v—cf. P. Tebt. i. 1 2 1 , Introduction, p. 502: owfioXrjs eV oiV(a>i) X. See also U P Z i. 438 sq. M. S.
No. 468. A sale of a plot of land and a house in a Jewish street Hermoupolis. Late second or third century A.D. P. Amh. ii. 98 (Grenfell and Hunt). L I T . : Lewald, Beitrdge zur Kenntnis des romisch-dgyptischen Grundbuchreckts, 18 n. 1 , 35 n. 1 . Eger, Zum dg. Grundbuchwesen in romischer Zeit, 96. Preisigke, Girowesen, 432. Luckhard, Das Privathaus im ptol. und ro'm. Agypten, 24. Meautis, Hermoupolis-la-Grande, 49 n. 7. Rink, 26. Woess, Untersuchungen uber das Urkundenwesen und den Publizitdtsschutz im romischen Agypten, 99, 242 n. 3 . Westermann, JJP ii, 1948, 36 n. 89.
The papyrus contains some abstracts of contracts concerning deeds of sale or mortgages of land property at Hermoupolis. I quote here 11. 6 - 1 1 only, bearing on a sale of two arourai and a house in the 'Jewish Street'. The seller and the purchaser are both Graeco-Egyptians, to judge from their Greek and Egyptian names. (Perhaps the plot in the Jewish street went over into non-Jewish hands after the confiscation of Jewish property which followed the Jewish revolt of A.D. 1 1 5 - 1 7 ; cf. Nos. 4 4 5 , 448.) 6
'Eppaios TOV
prjT(pos)
'EXevqs rov Todrjovs Opo(vpiov) Xift(6s) NeojTepldi Ap,<j>iovos T[ Aihvpiqs TTjs Kal TaprJTOs A.TTOXXOJ(VLOV) TOV avTov dp6(Sov)
Kal
jU-[erd
Kvpiov a
10
€LV
Aiov Ilaaiojvos x ^{p )' dpoX(oya>) 7reTrp(aK€vac) trot, cn(TO(f)6pov) (dpov pas) Kal OIKLOU Kal TT)V i\yovaav avX(r)v) Kal (rjpiov) pep(os) \[TCOV]\ p,eooTvx(ajv) OIKLCOV j8 eirl @po(vptov) XiP(6s) eVrt TTJ[S IovS(a'CKrjs) Xavpas Tipijs TOV OIKOTT^SOV) id (erovs) *ETT€L<J>, /caraA( ) Meao(prj), i7rr)vex0(r)) K (CTOVS) &a6~jL [
i
(Translation.) Hermaios, son of Helene and grandson of Tothes, from the West Fort (quarter), to Neoteris, daughter of Amphion also called T . . . and of Didyme also called Tares, daughter of Apollonios, from the same quarter, under the guardianship of Dios son of Pasion, greeting. I acknowledge that I have sold
S E C T I O N X I I : NOS. 4 5 1 - 4 8 0
30
to you 2 arourai of corn-land, and a house and the court in it, and a half-share of the party-walls of two houses, at West F o r t in the Jewish street, price of the site . . . . Y e a r 19, Epeiph; . . ., Mesore; presented, year 20, Phaophi . . . . 6. &povptov AijSds was one of the four dfi^ooa of Hermoupolis, the '/ouSai'/cq Xavpa being a part of it. Cf. Jouguet, La Vie municipale, 285 n. 2. See also No. 454. 9. 1. p.eaoTotxa)v—Grenfell-Hunt. On the legal point—half of the wall belongs to the house on one side, half to t he house on the other—see Taubenschlag, Studi U. E. Paoli, 683 sq. 10. After OIKOIT(4OOV) the price of the purchased objects is missing. ew^ve'x^(^) may possibly mean 'presented (for registration)'; cf. P. Oxy. 1208. 5 (Jors, Sav. Ztschr., RA xxxiv, 1 9 1 3 , 133). Westermann writes KardX(oyos) Meaoipijs) in^vexOit)), but this use of KardXoyos seems to be unattested.
No. 469. A business letter Provenience unknown. 12-5 x 16-5 cm. P. Princet. 73 (Kase). L I T . : Cavassini, Aeg. x x x i v , 1954, 267.
Third century A.D.
This letter might have been written by a gentile as well as by a Jew or a Christian. I decided in favour of a Jewish author in view of the name Eissak in 1. 1 6 : for the use of Biblical names in the third century see above, Introduction p. 4 . The contents of the letter are not quite clear; it seems that the author is engaged in some transport of goods on the Nile. Kvjplcp pov dheXcfxxJ Avydpcp Atf>vyxis 7ToAAd ^atyoetv. 7rp\6 pev 7rd(v)Ttov ev^ppal ere oXokXtj5
pe\lv Tjrq[p]d tco Kvplcp deep. dA(A') opa, Kvpie pov, prj] dpeXr)ar]s .to. .ere Ta^e'eos" poi . . . .]etv. [e]rt r^pepe elolv tov /JaAetv Ta
7rA]pta
ydyjcopev 10
els 7TOT\\aJ\apdv to
ttXoiov
els
e'lva
/cara-
Ao.[..]..
• •]•[• •] €7r€^qTrjcrd r e et 7 r a [ . . .j.tfca T"f]\Y ooov /cat ev eTvpeo avTO acpico p]expr] 08 poi Trapayevr). dA(A*) opa prf pot KaTaoxus Svo /xe(rd) crot evTavOa Kal p,. [. ]. 1 ayvTa. [ . . . ] . [ . . ] . t et? SaTrdvrjv k'xco £eiv aeipeia.
15
AX\e]£a(v)8pov Kal ko\t Xols
aei.
....]
\[ovy[.]..]]
dcrnd^cope tov a oeX ov Kal tov dSeXcf>6v MaKpp[v]
Kal ElaaaK
Kal oXov
ovopa. epeaOal ae ev^ope
tov
olkov
aov
ttoX-
1
X/odVots .
6. 1. -quepai. 7. 1. iva (eiva pap.). 10. 1. eroi'/xw. I I . 1. fiexpi. 14. 1. o-qpeia, dand^o/iai. 1 7 . 1. epp&odai ae evxo/xai.
1 2 . aol corrected from
V A R I O U S D O C U M E N T S F R O M A.D. 117 T O 3 3 7 (Translation.) T o my lord and brother Augaros, from Aphynchis, many greetings. First of all I pray for your security before the lord god. See to it, my lord, that you do not neglect to (come to) me quickly . . . it is time to put the boats on the river, so that we may bring the boat down to . . . and I have sought. . . the w a y ; and I (shall keep?) it in readiness until you join me. See to it that you do not detain me . . . here. . . . I have for expenditure . . . arrange tokens (?). I send best wishes to my brother Alexandras and my brother Makros and . . . and Eissak and to all your household, each b y name. I pray for your lasting health. i. doeXa>. There are two other brothers mentioned in 11. 14 sqq. That all these persons were not fratres in Christo is clearly attested by SXov TOV OIKOV OOV in 1. 16, which points to a family and not to a religious community but the loose use of d8eX(f>6s in E g y p t (see No. 479, Introduction) makes it un certain that there was any real relationship to the writer. 3. oXonX-qpelv: cf. Ghedini, Lettere Cristiane, nos. 7 and 1 5 , S P 133 (a pagan letter), etc.; P S I 1423. Cf. Montevecchi, Aeg. xxxvii, 1957, 5 5 ; Cavassini, op. cit. 275. For dAoxAi/pia see also L . Robert, Hellenica, x. 97 sq. 4. Trapd t w Kvpicp 0eu>: by no means an argument in favour of a Christian author, since this formula is often used by gentiles as well. Cf., e.g., S P 1 2 0 , 1 2 1 : rrapd TCO Kvplto SepdmSi. It could, of course, be used by a J e w too.
No. 470. From an agricultural survey Provenience unknown. P . S . A . Athen. 45 Recto (Petropulos).
Roman period.
An agricultural survey. The papyrus is badly damaged. 6 7
3
] . rrjs 1[oi\ari7TOV /cat AvBpov[cKOV Av\BpoviKov Bid Be AvBpov[tKov
(Translation.) . . . of Josepos and Andronikos . . . of Andronikos, and through Andronikos . . . .
No. 4 7 1 . A list of peasants Sebennytos (Fayum). B G U 585 (Krebs). L I T . : Wenger, Stellvertretung, 33 n. 1 . Preisigke, Girowesen, 173.
Third century A.D.
A report delivered to Aurelius Magnus, strategos of the fiepls of Herakleides of the Arsinoite nome, by the sitologoi of the village Sebennytos. The report is followed by a list of peasants, paying some land-tax from the crop of the current year (/car' avSpa roiv [p.e]Tprjd(€VTCov) rjp.€tv Tw Ilaxoiv pr}(vl) TOV ivooTWTOS
(sic) e[ro]vs
drro
yevrjfadrcov)
r o v avrov e r o v s ) . The list contains c. 20 names of Egyptian peasants, among them one of seemingly Jewish origin. Col. I I 3
IJaa^cos
Hfipdpov
[Brj(poatcov)
(Trvpov
dprd^at)..
]
32
S E C T I O N X I I : NOS. 4 5 1 - 4 8 0 Col. I l l 7
IJaa[^oJs
...
(Translation.) (Col. ii, 3) Paabos son of Abramos, t a x on state farmers, . . , artabai of wheat. (Col. iii, 7 ) Paabos . . . .
No. 472. Receipts for delivery of crops to the granary Receipts given by the granary of the village Euhemereia in the Fayum to an Egyp tian peasant testifying the payment of the tax in kind from the crops of the year. The load is brought from the threshing-floor to the granary by two donkey-drivers (cf. T. Kalen, Berl. Leihg. i. 5 7 ) , one of whom is called Joannes, possibly a Jew (cf. No. 474). The two receipts were given on the same day. For such receipts see Youtie, TAP A lxxxi, 1950, 100 sqq. No.
472a
Euhemereia. P. F a y . , 0 . 39 (Grenfell and Hunt). Cf. BL ii. 2. 57.
@rjcr(avpov) KCx)(pt/qs) Evrjp,e(petas) yevr)(p,drcov) a KU)(lJL7)s) Ev7)fJL(€p€Las) Sl(d) Ky]1TO)X(C(X)VOs) KOL
5
Third century A.D.
(erovs),
'Icoayy(ov) 6v(rjXar6jv) Avovis IJavercor^yrps St (a) Krr](vu>v) 'O^vpvyx ) 6(VOL) ? (erovs) j8, <Paco((f>L) is*.
(Translation.) Granary of the village of Euhemereia, crop of the first year, village of Euhemereia: Anouphis son of Panetoeus, through Kepolion and Joannes, donkey-drivers, on beasts from Ox(yrhynchaP), 6 donkey-loads. Y e a r 2, Phaophi 16. 1. Euhemereia was a village in the Fayum. 4-5. Sid KT-qvcov 'Og(vpvyx)—by means of the donkeys of the village which is probably that of Oxyrhyncha in the Fayum.
No. 472/) Euhemereia. P. F a y . , O. 40 (Grenfell and Hunt). Cf. BL ii. 2. 57.
@r)o(avpov) Kco([jLrjs) EvrjiJLe(peLas) y€vq(fjLdra>v) a Si(d) Krj7TcoXta>(vos) (/cat) Ioayy(ov) 6v(r)AaTa>v) Aplfiea)s St(d) Krr)(va>v) Tyw( ) 6v(oi) e.
Third century A.D.
(erovs)
9
5
(erovs)
j8, <Paaj(i) is\
(Translation.) Granary of the village of Euhemereia, crop of the first year: Arimphis, through Kepolion and Joannes, donkey-drivers, on beasts from . . ., 5 donkey-loads. Y e a r 2, Phaophi 16.
V A R I O U S D O C U M E N T S F R O M A.D. 117 T O 3 3 7
33
No. 473. A deed of enfranchisement Oxyrhynchos. 14X16-9 cm. A.D. 291. P. Oxy. 1205 (Hunt). L I T . : Juster, i. 427 n. 8. Fuchs, 54. 133. Roth, 49. MacLennan, Oxyrhynchos, 14 n. 16. Beek, Oudtestam. Stud, ii, 1943, 134. Turner, JEA, xxxviii, 1952, 83. J . J . Rabinowitz, Jewish Law, 34. Tauben schlag , 99 n. 160, 101 n. 171. Mertens, Les Services de VEtat civil, 150. 2
A deed of enfranchisement of a Jewish maid and her two (or three) children at Oxyrhynchos. The deed, though written in Greek, is a version (£pur)vda) of a Latin document, and the act of enfranchisement itself is performed according to the Roman usage of manumissio inter amicos. The manumittors are an Aurelius (perhaps Aurelius Theon) and his half-sister. The ransom is paid by the Jewish community of Oxyrhyn chos represented by two Aurelii, one of whom is a city-councillor of a Palestinian city. The left part of the papyrus is torn away causing a lacuna of approximately 40 letters, so that many details of this important document cannot be restored with certainty. For other deeds of enfranchisement of Jewish slaves see CI J 6 8 3 / 4 (Pantikapaion in the Crimea), where the enfranchisement is fulfilled 'with the permission of the com munity of the Jews' (avve\TnT\poTT€ovarjS Se Kal rfj[s) avvaya>yrj[s] TU>V 'IovSaiatv). Cf. also CI J 7 0 9 - 1 1 (fictitious sale of Jewish slaves to Apollo at Delphi), Lewis, Journ. Sem. Stud, ii, 1 9 5 7 , 264 sqq. (Oropos, third century B . C . ) . [
'Epprjvela
i]\€yd[€pojtT€]tos
[AvprjXios—27 lett.—rrjs \a]pTrp[as /cat] XapTrpordrr]? ' O^vpvyx^iTOJV TToXecos /cat 77 opoprj[rpta dSeXcpr) AvprjXla—23 lett.—]os" yev[o]pevov i£r)yrjT[ov] fiovXevrov TTJS avrrjs 7r[6X\ea>s perd KOV[pdropos—33 lett.—] napabo^ov Uapap,6vrp> ocKoyevrj SovArjv ia\y\rcbv OJS (ircbv) p [/c]at 5 [ret TOLVTTJS reKva—22 lett.—ovXrj TJpaxTJXoj (co)s (eTcbv) 1 /cat 'Za/c[a>]j8 OJS (irtov) 8 pera^v lXojv rjXevOe[pojcrapev /cat drreXvoapev—17 lett.—dVo] rravTos TOV TrarpojvLKov St/catou /cat etjovoias Trdcqs, dpedprj[ddvrojv r)piv vrrep TTJS iXevdepojoeoJS Kal diroXvo^eaJS 7rapa rrjs ovva\y\ojyr\s TOJV 'IovSacojv Std AvprjXlojv [AiocrKopov—24 lett.—/cat 'IOVO~]TOV /3OVA€VT[O]V *QV€LT6JV TTJS Svplas riaXaioT€iv7]s iraTpos TTJS [avvayojyrjs—32 lett.—dpyvplov] Te yevopevrjs o
TaXdvTajv heKaTeaodpojv,
iTTepojTrjoeojs
[wpoXoyrjoapev rjXevOepojKevai Kal dVoAeAu/ceJvat, V7rep r e TTJS avTrjs iXevOepoJcrecos Kal aTroXvaeoJS av[TOJV 7]pidprjKevai TO irpoKelpevov dpyvpiov Kal pfyfik ev 8t/c[a]tov puqhepiav re e^ovalav e^eiv els avTovs and
S E C T I O N X I I : NOS. 4 5 1 - 4 8 0
34
[rrjs ev€aTU)or}s rjfiepas, AiooKopov
Std T O dTTa£airXu)s
/ c a t ''IOVOTOV
[aTT€ox7]K€vaL—16
r)pidfJL7)Kevai
vnep avr]6jv
Std AvprjXtajv
/cat
l e t t . — T O 7rpo/cetjLtevov] dpyvpiov. iirpaxOr] iv * Otjvpvyxcov
TToXeu rfj Xafnrpa /cat [Xa/JL7rpoTdT7]—14
l e t t . — e m Tifiepiavov
£ AvroKpdropos x
5 [i"atou AvprjXiov
OvaXeplov
AiOKXrjTLavov /cat eVet s*] ^4vT[o]/cpd[To]po?
K a loapos MdpKov AvprjXlov [Ma£t/Atavou
T O jS'] /c[at Zlt]a>vps VTrdrois, eVet
Kalcrapos OvaXepiov
FepfxavLKcov Meyiorcov
Evoefi&v Evtvx&v
27ejSacrT]cDv 0 a p -
/x[ou]0t [ . . . rj](JLepq cwea/catSe[/caTT].
Traces of two lines of signature Fragments of signature
' ]..[' (2nd hand)
] Tlalpafjiovrjv /ca]t T O ravr[rjs reKva
/cat ' Ja/ca>j8
a T
20
]•[ ]-[-> ??-[ ixapr(vpto)\ rd ojLt[o]Aoyiy[jLt€va /ca^a)]? 7T£[d/cet]Tat. ^Iv/o^fAtos' eypa(ifja) V7r(ep) auT(ou)] dypap,p,d\rov 6VTO]S. (3rd hand) ^4uy07y[Atos ] ©eojv * r o /c[at >
x
]..[o]u
C
-H/)[
] evae^uas [ 25
J W - t * • -ct]vTOi5 d/)[yu/>i.
] . e/c[.St]/catot> fx[
] AiooKopov [ ] TO, T O U dp\yvpiov ]avLK€Lj[
] '/ouor[ ]vTa d[ ]? eAei>0[e/>
dy/)ajLtjLtd]Toi;
(Translation.) Translation of manumission. W e , Aurelius . . . of the illustrious and most illustrious city of Oxyrhynchos, and his sister b y the same mother Aurelia . . . daughter of . . . the former exegetes and senator of the same city, with her guardian . . . the admirable . . ., have manumitted and discharged inter atnicos our house-born slave Paramone, aged 40 years, and her children . . . with a scar on the neck, aged 10 years, and J a k o b , aged 4 years, . . . from all the rights and powers of the owner: fourteen talents of silver having been paid to us for the manumission and discharge b y the community of the Jews through Aurelius Dioskoros . . . and Aurelius Justus, senator of Ono in Syrian Palestine, father of the c o m m u n i t y . . . . And, the question being put, we have acknowledged that we have manumitted and discharged them, and that for the said manumis sion and discharge of them we have been paid the above-mentioned sum, and that we have no rights at all and no powers over them from the present day, because we have been paid and have received for them the above-mentioned money, once and for all, through Aurelius Dioskoros and Aurelius Justus. Trans acted in the illustrious and most illustrious city of Oxyrhynchos . . ., in the second consulship of Tiberianus and the first of Dion, year 7 of Imperator Caesar
V A R I O U S D O C U M E N T S F R O M A.D. 117 T O 3 3 7 Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus and year 6 of Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus, Germanici, Maximi, Pii, Felices, Augusti: Pharm o u t h i . . . nineteenth day. (2nd hand) . . . Paramone and her children . . . and J a k o b . . . (I witness) the agreement as stated above. I, Aurelius . . . (wrote for him) as he is illiterate. (3rd hand) Aurelius Theon also called . . . of the money . . . piety (Eusebia?) . . . rights . . . of Dioskoros . . . Justus . . . the (talents) of silver . . . manumit . . . illiterate. 1. epfir)vela. The Greek version of Latin documents (ippyvela t w 'Pw/zcukwv) is sometimes men tioned in the papyri. Cf., e.g., P. Oxy. 2231. 26sqq.: avrlypafoy, [i]pp.r]vevdev 'EXX-qviKoTs ypdnfiaoiv (A.D. 241); ibid. 2276. 6 sq.; B G U 326 — M. Chr. 316 = S P 8 5 ; cf. also Winter, Life and Letters in the papyri, 32. 2. 'The manumittors were either a man and his half-sister . . ., or perhaps two half-sisters' (edit.). In the first case we have to restore (AvprjXios . . .) and refer to him the city office of Oxyrhynchos mentioned in this line (the name of the office is lost; it might have been the office of a yvuvaoidpxqs, Koonrjrrjs, or the like). In the second case the restoration would be (AvpyXla . . .) and the office would refer to her father. I should prefer the first possibility, taking into consideration that in 1. 22 an Avprj[\ios] @ea>v 6 /c[ai is recorded, who might have been identical with the manumittor. 3. For the office of i$7iyqrqs cf. Jouguet, La Vie municipale, 293 sqq. The office was filled, evidently by the father of Aurelia. The fact that both the manumittor Aurelius and the father of his half-sister filled important offices in Oxyrhynchos attests their belonging to the city aristocracy. The possibility of their being members of the Jewish community is, therefore, out of the question. For the office of a Kovparutp cf. Mitteis, Grundziige, 250; Taubenschlag ,179; P. Vind. Bosw. 6. 2 n. 4. ira.pa86gov: 'either a proper name, or a title signifying athletic prowess (edit.). I prefer the second possibility, the papyri giving us numerous instances for the use of the term in this sense. Cf. W . Chr. 156; P. Hamb. 2 1 . 3 ; P S I 4 5 6 ; P. Oslo iii. 85. Whether wapahogov relates to Kovpdropos or to some other person whose name is lost in the lacuna we cannot know.—riapap.6v7) is probably a nickname given to slaves. Y e t it seems that Tlapdyitov or IJapap-ovos was used as a regular proper name without any further connotation; cf., e.g., S B 7365. 1 3 6 ; ibid. 7569. 20; Preisigke., NB., s.v. 5. fj.era£v l\a)v: manumissio inter amicos; cf. M. Chr. 362 = Meyer, Jur. Pap. 8; Taubenschlag , 46, 99; Cod. Just. vii. 6. 2. We do not know whether Paramone had two or three children: the size of the lacuna admits both possibilities. 6. diro] iravros rov irarpcDViKov Sikoi'ou: cf. Taubenschlag , 101. 7. napa rijs avva[y]v 'Iov8ata>v: the Jewish community of Oxyrhynchos is meant, not the 'synagogue' in the narrow sense of the word. The synagogue in E g y p t is always called irpooevxtf, not owaycDyr). Cf. Beek, op. cit.—8ia Avp-qXlcov: 'represented by the Aurelii' Dioskoros and Justus. W e have here one of the rare instances in the papyri attesting the fact that the Constitutio Antoniniana concerned Jews as well as other inhabitants of the Empire; cf. Vol. I , p. 100. 8. The names Dioskoros and Justus are restored by the editors from 1. 12 where both names occur in full. The lacuna was probably filled by the specification of some office held by Dioskoros (e.g. AiooKopov dpxiowayaiyov rijs 'O£vpvyx
2
2
2
8-9. naTpos rijs [awaycjyijs: restored by me according to the suggestion of G. Alon. The honorific title pater synagogae, i.e. 'father of the community', was frequently given to important members of Jewish communities; cf. Clf 88, 93, 319, 345, 494, 508, 509, 510, 537, 694. See on this title Frey, Clf, Introduction, pp. xcv sq.; Schiirer, iii. 88 sq.; Juster, i. 448 sq.
36
S E C T I O N X I I : NOS. 4 5 1 - 4 8 0
9. The sum of fourteen talents of silver for a female slave and her two or three children seems to be very high; yet we must take into consideration the depreciation of money at that time. For the prices of slaves in Egypt see Johnson, Roman Egypt, 279 sq.. The duty to redeem Jewish slaves was pre scribed to Jews by Talmudic authorities; cf. Juster, i. 427 n. 8; S. Krauss, Talm. Archdologie, ii. 98; ibid. 497 n. 674. This duty was rigorously fulfilled by Jews in medieval Egypt, cf. J . Mann, The Jews in Egypt and in Palestine under the Fdtimid caliphs, 1920, 1, passim (especially pp. 87 sqq.). The present papyrus attests that the redemption of Jewish slaves was practised in E g y p t at any rate as early as the time of Diocletian, and probably from A.D. 70, and that this duty was performed not by individual persons, but by Jewish communities in a quite official way. 1 0 - 1 7 . All the restorations are by the editors. 13. inpaxd-q = actum (edit.). 14. The dating by the consuls is taken over from the Roman original. Before iiri the day and the month (according to the Roman calendar) were mentioned. 2 1 - 2 2 . Restored by me. 25. 'Eva-eftta was perhaps the name of the 6p.op.r)Tpia aoeXfirj' (edit.). Y e t the name is not usual, and it seems better to assume that the two representatives of the Jewish community of Oxyrhynchos, Dioskoros and Justus, whose names appear in the next line, emphasized here that the redemption of the Jewish maid and her children was an act of piety on the part of the Jewish community.—eV ( . . .)KCUOV edit.
No. 474. No.
474a
13th November, A.D. 304. Karanis. 1 1 - 5 X 2 3 cm. Etudes de Papyrologie, v, 1939, no. 27, p. 107 (Boak). The Archive of Aurelius Isidorus, i960, no. 114 (Boak and Youtie). L I T . : Preaux, Chr. d'E^g. x v , 1940,301. Wilcken, Arch, xiv, 1941,179. Taubenschlag, JJP i, 1946,119. Herrmann, Studien zur Bodenpacht im Recht der graeco-aegyptischen Papyri, 288. N . Lewis, A J Ph. lxxxiii, 1962, 100.
A document deriving from the archive of Aurelius Isidoros, a substantial farmer of the age of Diocletian and his successors, whose papers throw much light on the economic conditions in Egypt of that period of transition. (His career has been com mented upon by Boak, Byzantina and Metabyzantina, i, 1946, 39 sqq.; cf. Boak and Youtie, op. cit., 3 sqq.). Aurelius Isidoros, though possessing a large acreage in Karanis and its vicinity, also leased farm land at crop-rents. (Cf. No. 4746 and also the Archive of Aurelius Isidorus, nos. 1 1 6 - 2 2 . ) The present document consists of a receipt issued to Aurelius Isidoros by a woman named Aurelia Ptolema. She acknowledges that he has delivered the share of crop due to her for the past year, but she still reserves for herself the claim for the preceding year. For share-leases cf. Waszynski, Bodenpacht, 1 5 3 sqq.; Taubenschlag, Law , 3 5 8 sq.; Herrmann, op. cit., 204 sqq. Aurelia Ptolema is here represented by her husband, Aurelius Johannes. To judge from his name, Johannes was a Jew, though as it seems, a lax one if indeed he acted as gymnasiarch, a post hardly compatible with strict adherence to Jewish faith. The religion of Ptolema cannot therefore be surmised. 2
Av[p]r)Xca IlroXepa 8t' ipov TOV avopos AvprjXtw 7 a » a w o [ u ] yvpv(aaiapx ) AvprjXi(<jS) 'IouSajptp XAI(/)€w).
V A R I O U S D O C U M E N T S F R O M A.D. 117 T O 3 3 7 €<j)(ov 5
10
Trapd
37
GOV T O €7rt/?aA-
Aoi> p.01 pepos
OJV
eyeojpyrj-
era? apovpeuv irepi opibioKTias Kapavihos VTrep yevr\paros TOV SieArjAvOoTOs K (CTOVS) Kal tj8 (CTOVS) Trvpov a p r a fias Teoaapes r\p,iov, yliyovrai) (dpra/Sat) 8 (r)piov), pevovTOS
Aoyov pov
poi
-rrepl
TOV
TOV
TrpoTe-
cd (CTOVS) Kal
aq (CTOVS)
ta (erovs). AvprjAios vqs eypaxjja r a oAa. (CTOVS)
Ka \ /J Kal
ty$
Kal
'Iatdv//
Advp t£. 2. 1. Avp-qXiov.
IO. 1.
reacrapas.
(Translation.) Aurelia Ptolema, acting through me, her husband, Aurelius Johannes, formerly gymnasiarch, to Aurelius Isidoros, greeting. I have received from you my own share (of the harvest) of the arourai, which you have cultivated in the horiodeiktia of Karanis, for the crop of the past 20th and 12th year: four and a half artabai of wheat, equal 4 ^ art. I retain my claim concerning the preceding 19th, 18th, and n t h years. 1. Aurelius Johannes, have written the entire receipt. Y e a r 2 1 and 1 3 , Hathyr 1 7 . 2. 'Iwdvygv: cf. 1 . 1 5 . The name 'Itodwr)s enjoyed an uninterrupted popularity among Jews as one of the most common names in the times of the Second Commonwealth. It continued to be so during the following centuries. For the rather slow emergence of Johannes as a proper name used by Christians cf. Harnack, Mission und Ausbreitung des Christentums*, i, 442 sq.; it became common only in Christian E g y p t , cf. O'Callaghan, Aeg. xli, 1961, 20. 3. yv(iy(aoiapx): 'it is not possible to judge in any conclusive manner from the photograph with respect to the writing after yvfi. There is space for v, and perhaps minute remnants of a letter; but the space may have held nothing beyond the horizontal mark of abbreviation, which is still visible to the right of the space. If this were true, the papyrus would have yu/I( ), the abbreviation most often used for gymnasiarch. While one might choose to see here the name of Johannes' father—Preisigke, Namenbuch, records rvp.vdaios and rvfivos—this would not be a true alternative so much as an evasive measure to escape from a tantalizing problem' (Boak and Youtie). See now Lewis, loc. cit., who resolves yvy.(vaaiapxriciavTos). There were certainly Jews in the countries of the Roman empire who took much interest in the life of the gymnasium and participated in its education (cf. Prolegomena, 39 n. 99; see also J . et L . Robert, REG, lxxv, 1962, 218), though a Jewish gymnasiarch in Karanis would be quite unusual and Johannes was hardly more than a J e w by descent. 6. opioioKrias Kapavloos—1. dpioSt/crta?. The word still defies exact definition. It would seem that opiooeiKTia constituted the area in which the opiooeUrris (for whose functions cf. Oertel, Liturgie, 181 sq.; Kupiszewski, / J P vi, 1952, 260 sqq.) exercised his authority. Cf. Boak, Etudes de Papyrologie, ii, 1 2 ; P. Merton 3 1 , 4 , note. For an explanation for the frequent occurrences of the word in the years after the reorganization of the system of taxation in A.D. 297 cf. Roberts, P. Merton 30, 2, note; Preaux, Chr. d'£g. x x v , 1950, 336.
38
S E C T I O N X I I : NOS. 4 5 1 - 4 8 0
9. K (erovs) Kai ijS (erovs) the year 303/4 is the 20th year of Diocletian and the 12th year of Constantius and Galerius. 14. IT] (erovs): the 18th year of Maximian. M. S .
No. Karanis. 1 0 x 14 cm. The Archive of Aurelius
474k 17th November, A.D. 306.
Isidorus, no. 115 (Boak and Youtie).
Aurelius Isidoros continued to lease farm land from Aurelia Ptolema. Here we have a receipt by which Ptolema acknowledges that she has received from him four and a half artabai of wheat as rent (Zi«f>6piov) due to her for land in the vicinity of Karanis. Again, her husband, Aurelius Johannes, seems to act as her representative.
5
10
AvprfXia IJroXepia St' ifjiov rod dvhpos 'Icuqyypy yyfJLy(aoiapx ) AvprjXitp ^Iaihojpco ^at(/oetv). ecr^ov Trapd gov to eK6piov tov yecopyts fiov dpovpwv rrepi kco/jlt^p KapavuSa irvpov dprdfias reaaapes yjfjuov, yi(vovrai) (aprafiat) S (yjfjucrv). Avptf(Xios) eypaipa T<X oAa. (erovs) te$ // /cat y $ / Advp /ca.
'Itodvvrjs
7. 1. reocrapas.
(Translation.) Aurelia Ptolema, acting through me, her husband, Johannes, formerly gymnasiarch, to Aurelius Isidoros, greeting. I have received from you the rent of the arourai of mine which you cultivate in the vicinity of the village of Karanis: four and a half artabai of wheat, equal 4^ artabai. 1, Aurelius Johannes, have written the entire receipt. Y e a r 1 5 and 3 , Hathyr 2 1 . 2. 'The reading of the personal name and the civic title is extremely dubious' (Boak and Youtie). 10. (erovs) ic^ / / Kal / = A.D. 306/7, the 15th year of Galerius and the 3rd year of Severus. M. S .
No. 47c. From a list of night guards Oxyrhynchos. 474 c. A.D. 295. P. Oxy. 43 verso (Grenfell and Hunt). W . Chr. 474. L I T . : Wilcken, Arch. i. 128 sq.; v. 271 sq. Wilamowitz, GGA, clx, 1898, 676 sqq. Neppi Modona, Aeg. iii, 1922, 40. Fuchs, 130. Jones, The Greek City, 212.
A list of night guards of Oxyrhynchos; cf. Wilcken, Grundz. 4 1 4 , and P. Oxy. 933. Among the guards there are many called Theodoros (col. I, 2 6 ; I I I , 1 3 ; IV, 2 1 ) ; yet in this epoch (the recto of the papyrus is dated A.D. 295) this theophoric name is used by everyone. I quote here only the fragment containing the name of Jakob, son of
V A R I O U S D O C U M E N T S F R O M A.D. 117 T O 3 3 7
39
Achilleus—obviously a Jew, in spite of the fact that he performs his duty as a guard in the temple of Serapis. According to Neppi Modona, I.e., this Jew was a convert to paganism, which is perhaps a too far-fetched supposition. Col. I I 7
10
Kal iv rep EapaTTioj vXaK(es)
cuv
©OJVIOS Sapamdoov Flaaeis AVIKTJTOV Aioyivr)s Ueprjvov Uappdrrjs *HpaKXrjov y
Ial8a>pos
'/AKCBJS
KoTrpeojs AxiXXioJS.
(Translation.) And in the Serapeum 6 guards, namely Thonios son of Sarapiades, Pasis son of Aniketos, Diogenes son of Serenos, Sarmates son of Herakleos, Isidoros son of Kopreus, J a k o b son of Achilleus.
No. 476. A list of persons Oxyrhynchos. P. Oxy. 1747 (Grenfell and Hunt).
Late third or early fourth century A.D.
'A list of persons . . . required by the government for work of some kind, e.g. as recruits for the army or labourers on public works' (edit.). I only cite the line in which a certain Isak is recorded. Col. I l l 50 (Translation.)
Kara) ro7r(apxLas)'
Zia<j>da a. *IoaK
Mivoios
Lower toparchy, Sesphtha: 1 , Isak son of Miysis.
Zeo9a is a village in the nome of Oxyrhynchos; cf. No. 451. The meaning of a is that one person has been enrolled in this village. For the name 'IOOLK see above, in Introduction to this section.
No. 477. An official letter Oxyrhynchos. 5-5 X 6-6 cm. P. Oxy. 1429 (Grenfell and Hunt).
A.D. 300.
A letter concerning the alum-monopoly. On the alum-monopoly see the notes of the editors; cf. W. Chr. 3 2 1 = SP 3 7 0 ; P. Oxy. 1 2 8 8 ; P. Oxy. 2 1 1 6 . AvprjX(ios) MaKpofitos pLcrdojr(r)s) orrvTrrrjplas oV ipov Kataaplov
d<7xoX(rjparos)
SECTION X I I : N0S. 451-480
40
5
ypa(p,pLareios) AvprjXia) *IGO\K xi(piGrfj) ^at(petv). eirep.0a aoi GTVTTTTjpiav fAiav ''Ir(aXiK7]v) St(a) 'iGiScopov, Kapodfiov o(v)y(KLas) j8 (/ce/oarta?) 77 (erovs) I T /cat te /cat (erovs) r) Tvfil KT).
(Translation.) Aurelios Makrobios, lessee of the alum industry, through me, Kaisarios, scribe, to Aurelios Isak, manager, greeting. I have sent you one Italian pound of alum through Isidoros, (and) 2 ounces 8 carats (?) of cardamum. Y e a r 16 and 15 and year 8, Tybi 28. 3. For the name 'IodiK see in Introduction to section. The office of x«P«""i7? is attested for various periods in E g y p t . For the Ptolemaic period cf. Peremans, Vreemdelingen en Egyptenaren, 6 1 ; the office at this period seems not to have been of great importance (cf. PCZ 59737; P. Mich. Zen. 52; P . E n t . 38, verso n. 1 ) . In S B 7911 (probably from the early Roman period) a person is styled ypap./j,a.T[ev]s Kal x«p«tt^? rov Trepl 'E\e\jf>avT]ivt]v vofiov. Cf. S B 7922 which points to a higher personage. For the office in the Roman period see Oertel, Lilurgie, 4 1 1 , 417; P . land. 68, introd. and i. 8 note; Wallace, Taxation, 309 sqq.
No. 478. From lists of names from Karanis There are several lists of persons written on ostraka found at Karanis. The majority of these persons are peasants paying various taxes. The overwhelming number of names are Egyptian, some are Greek. Here some Hebrew names are quoted.
No.
478a
0 . Mich. 565 (Amundsen).
Third century A.D.
1 (Translation.)
'EVOK
y
Efj,[
E n o k son of E m . . . .
The reading is as checked by Youtie. For the name 'Ev&x see above, in Introduction to this section.
No. 478/) 0. Mich. 332 (Amundsen).
Late third century A.D.
6
IlroXXds
TOJ3LOV a
Ptollas son of Tobias, i . For IJroXXds see note to No. 4 2 2 . Youtie finds Tofilov a bare possibility, but not satisfying. 'Strictly truthful would be . .fiiov.'
V A R I O U S D O C U M E N T S F R O M A.D. 1 1 7 T O 3 3 7
41
No. 479. A business letter to a banker Provenience unknown. 6 x 9 cm. P. Goth. 114 (Frisk). Cf. BL ii. 2, 7 1 . L I T . : Bell, CR xliii, 1929, 237.
Third or fourth century A.D.
This business letter seems to be an order-to-pay, written in the common xpvH-dnaov form (cf. Preisigke, Girowesen, 203 sqq.) and addressed by Gerontios to his 'brother' Josep a banker. The fact that Gerontios finds it necessary to denote Josep by his profession renders it almost certain that 'brother' is used here loosely. It seems worth while remarking that the use of d8eX 'IajorjTr rpaTre^iTrjg
FepovTios
Xp[r)pdT]ioev
pvpiaoas 5
NLXO[.
LV
X*P '
. . .
Sta^iAta?
iTrraKoalas 6LKOOL p,6va
I . I . KVpitp.
a
lV
2. 1. X tp* '
(Translation.) T o m y lord and brother Josep the banker, Gerontios sends greetings. P a y to N i l . . . two thousand seven hundred and twenty myriads only. 1. Kvpitp nov doeXa> ^aipeiv—for the form of prescript 'to B A xatpew' cf. Ziemann, De epistularum graecarum Jormulis sollemnibus, 1910, 269 sqq.; Exler, Form of the ancient Greek letter, 33 sq.; Ghedini, Lettere Cristiane, 12 sqq. It has been sometimes argued that the 'to B A ' prescript in a letter addressed to a person not of a superior rank indicates that it was written by a Christian. This view needs some modification and we should not deny the possibility that people of other creeds as well occasionally followed the general trend of the age. The following examples may serve to illustrate the use of this formula even by pagans: (1) P S I vii. 837 (third to fourth century)—[TO Kvpicp d]8eXcp [Zapa]irlcovi Avyxios iroXXd xa-ipew. IJpo nev irdvrtov evxofial ae oXoKXrjptv Kal dnoXafJtv Trapd irdffi deots. (2) P. land. ii. 15 (fourth century): Kvpia] fiov d8eXcj>fj Avveiavfj 'Eirdyados [xatpeiv. noXXja eTrevxoixai rots deots rr)v 6XoKX-qpei[av KTX. (3) P . Oxy. x x . 2275 (first half of the fourth century): \_Kvpio) p,ov\ d8e\<7> Tip.o0ew 0ea>vas [VoAAd ae ir]poaayopevco irpo ye •ndvTiov ev'x [( & 6]eots rd ev /Ji'a> xaXXiord aoi inrapxd'fivai. Cf. also P. Oxy. xx. 2273. It should be added that the majority of the letters of the third and fourth centuries in which our prescript occurs bear no marks of any specific religion. o
laL
T0
S E C T I O N X I I : NOS. 4 5 1 - 4 8 0
42
1. 'Iuiorjn—one of the commonest Jewish names in the Roman period. Cf., e.g., Tos. Kid. ii. 2 (ed. Zuckermandel p. 337); Tos. Baba Bathra xi. 13 (ibid., p. 414), where it fulfils the task of general fictitious name for use in legal discussion. 2. Tpa-rre&TTjs seems to be a mistake for the dative.—repovnos: this name occurs quite often in the papyri, but in none of the cases is there reason to assume that the bearer of this name was a J e w . 3. X/?[i7ju.aT]I(7ej> ( = xp^aTiaov): %l[ ]ioev Frisk, xp[ij/xaT]iov Bell. For aorist imperatives in -ev cf. Kapsomenakis, Voruntersuchungen, 29 n. 1. 4. For the depreciation of money in the third and fourth centuries cf. Johnson, Egypt and the Roman Empire, 49 sqq. M. S.
Karanis.
Early fourth century A.D.
0. Mich. 216 (Amundsen).
A receipt for the delivery of 1 2 0 pounds of chaff by Isak, the son of Ision. Receipts for chaff coming from Karanis have been found in great numbers (cf. O. Mich. 1 7 7 sqq., 1008 sqq.). The fact is to be explained by the importance which chaff had in providing fuel for public baths, and in being used by the army; cf. in general Lesquier, L'Armee romaine, 3 5 6 sqq.; O. Oslo, p. 6 9 ; Youtie, TAP A lxxii, 1941, 449.
G
ly
KOJfxrjrcov
$'
irap(r]V€xdT]crav)
yir(ep)
Kapavioos
'IOOLK 'IOIOJVOS
virkp
IVOLK(TLOVOS) axvpov
T O V e'iKoai,
Xl(rpai)
At(r/>at) e/ca-
pK
{^Translation) Thoth 13. Delivered on behalf of the villagers of Karanis, through Isak son of Ision, for the 16th indiction: one hundred and twenty pounds of chaff, 120 pounds. M. S.
SECTION XIII
THE SAMBATHIONS T H I S section deals with a special problem and necessitates a somewhat lengthy investigation of matters not directly connected with the history of the Jews in Egypt. This investigation is unavoidable, since the result of it enables us to establish a rather interesting feature of Egyptian life not yet considered b y scholars: the penetration of Jewish Sabbath-observance into the Egyptian environment. The key to the whole problem lies in the proper name Sabbathai (Hebrew T Q t P ) . We have already frequently met this name in the previous sections. Usually transcribed in Greek as Sabbathaios, or Sambathaios, it was a very common name among the Egyptian Jews in the Ptolemaic period. The bearers of it were, of course, Jews, as is proved b y the use of it in various combinations with other Hebrew names (see, for example, Nos. 28, 64, 118). In the Roman period, especially in the second century A.D., we are faced with a new and a rather strange phenomenon: the name, now written Sambathion, is no less common, but it is no longer confined to Jews. W e find it, as a single Hebrew name, in a purely Egyptian environment such as the F a y u m villages, Karanis (Nos. 484, 487), Theadelpheia (No. 489), Philadelpheia (No. 481), Hermoupolis Magna (No. 485), the Mendesian nome (No. 494), and so on. The habit of the Roman chancellery in Egypt to record every man not only by his own name, but with the names of his father, grandfather, and mother too (cf., for example, No. 47), enables us to reconstruct the names of entire families, and the result of these inquiries is the unique position of this single Hebrew name Sambathion among the great number of Egyptian names. I t is quite out of the question that the bearers of this name should be Jews, since all their kinsmen are obviously Egyptian. Two other instances may be added: (1) the son of a woman named Sambathion is recorded as paying the VLK-J, i.e. a t a x imposed on swine-owners (No. 489); it is obvious that the VCKTJ is not exactly a t a x that we can expect to have been paid b y J e w s ; (2) in the Cairo Museum there is a coffin of a mummy from the time of the Emperor Claudius bearing the name of the deceased woman, Sambathion, and adorned by the traditional design so familiar in Egyptian mourning ceremonies: two goddesses, Isis and Nephtys, standing at a coffin and mourning the death of Osiris. Though mummification was sometimes practised b y Jews (cf. Juster, i. 40 n. 3 ; Fuchs, 68; Euting, Florilegium M. de Vogue, 1909, 235), it can hardly be assumed that a Jewish family adorned the coffin of its deceased kinswoman with scenes borrowed from pagan mythology. So it seems to be quite certain that the Egyptian Sambathions in the Roman period were not Jews. Nevertheless, they were called b y a Hebrew name. W h a t could the reason for this have been ? 1
As the meaning of the name is important for our problem, we have to pay some attention to it and especially to its various transcriptions in Greek. The 1
Edgar, Graeco-Egyptian
Coffins, Masks and Portraits, 1905, p. 1 3 , no. 33126.
44
S E C T I O N X I I I : NOS. 4 8 1 - 4 9 9
Hebrew name, Sabbathai, derives from S a b b a t h ; it was given originally to children born on the Sabbath, as the name Haggai C^PI) was given to those born on holidays. I t occurs as early as the fifth century in the Aramaic papyri of Elephantine ( T O E ? is the masculine form, T Q t P and D T D E ? the feminine) and on the tablets of Nippur; in the O.T. it is recorded only in the books of E z r a (10.15) and Nehemiah (8. 7 ; n . 16). As Sabbath-observance became a prominent feature of Jewish life in the dispersion, it is not surprising that the name S a b bathai quickly spread over various countries outside Palestine, while in Palestine itself it left but few traces. In the Septuagint it was correctly transcribed Ua^adat (Ezra 10. 15), and, in another instance, Ua^adatos The form was adopted as a usual one by the Egyptian J e w s ; yet it was soon modified to Sap.fiaOatos, according to the usual transition of - $ 8 to -/x^3. Since the transcription of I") as 9 was not always observed, the forms with T were also usual. So there were four different transcriptions of the name in Greek in the Hellenistic period 27a/3j8a0afo?, HafifiaTaios, Uap^adatos, Uap^aratos, the feminine form being, probably, Ua^adig and Uap^adls (cf. No. 34). In the early Roman period these forms were replaced by new ones : Zap/Sad IOJV or Zapficnlojv for the males, and Zapfiddiov or ZapfiaTiov for females. This substitution of one form for another has no other significance than a purely grammatical one, the suffix -iW being a usual ending of Greek proper names as well as -aios. There is, consequently, no reason for suggesting that the name Sambathios was confined to Jews, whereas the form Sambathion was preferred b y non-Jews: there are instances of J e w s calling themselves Sambathion (Nos. 197, 428), and at least one instance of a non-Jew called Sambathaios (No. 485). Y e t , as the form on -LOJV was used for preference in the Roman period, i.e. just at the time when non-Jews began to call themselves Sabbathai, the usual name for an Egyptian called Sabbathai was Sambathion, and not Sambathaios. Something must be said about the name Eapfids, which was much used by Egyptians in the late Roman and Byzantine periods. I t is a regular hypokoristic form of ZapfSadlwv just as 'Hpai
2
3
4
5
6
1
Cowley, Index, s.v. Sidersky, 'L'Onomastique hebra'ique des tablettes de Nippur', RE J lxxxvii, 1929, 199. Nehemiah 1 1 . 1 6 : the extant text,ZofifSaQalos, is merely a slip of the pen. This phonetic phenomenon is very well known in Indo-European as well as in Semitic languages; cf. for the first group W . Schulze, Samstag (1895) (Kleine Schriften, 1934, 281 sqq.) and for the second Lidzbarski, Ephemeris fiir 2
3
semitische Epigraphik ii. 137. 4
These forms were used also in preference by the Jews in Rome (cf. CI J, Index, s.v. 2a^dnos,
Ea.fifSa.Tis, Sabbatis, Sabatius, and the like). The forms ending in -Itov were especially preferred in the Roman period for the transcription of Roman names, cf. No. 142. 8, note. An isolated Za/J/Jaraf appears in A.D. 3 7 , unless we assume a stone-cutter's error (see CI J 1527 in Appendix I , p. 160). Spiess gives as evidence the ostrakon W O I5°3 where in 1. 4 the name [27a]/xj3a? had been read. The reading has since been proved to be erroneous; cf. BL ii. 1 . 1 1 5 . The statement itself, nevertheless, is right. 5
6
THE SAMBATHIONS
45
Egyptian towns and villages whose names, together with the names of members of their families, are collected in the present section? Were they conscious of the meaning of their name? Did they call themselves 'Sambathions' because they observed the Sabbath ? Or did they borrow this name from J e w s simply because they liked it ? I n order to solve this problem we have to collect material not from E g y p t alone, but from the entire Roman Empire. W e shall see that persons, buildings, deities, and institutions in various countries were called b y names derived from the Hebrew word 'Sabbath'. W e shall ask whether this derivation is the only one that can be claimed as correct, and if so, what might have been the reason for them being called so ? The elucidation of all these various cases outside Egypt will help us in solving the problem of the Egyptian Sambathions. We may include all the material, in so far as it is known to us, in the following eight items: 1. In the third century A . D . there was a community of the worshippers of 0eds "Yiffiaros at Tanais, i.e. on the north-eastern corner of the Sea of Azov. Among the numerous members of the community mentioned in the inscriptions we find some persons called Sambathion. The inner organization of this com munity reveals the usual forms of a pagan avvooos; the patronymics of the Sambathions (U. Topylov, Z. UaKoeov, Z. Sipdvov) are not Hebrew. Nevertheless, besides the Sambathions, there was at least one person bearing a Hebrew name, Azarion ; and, as to the worship of 6>e6? "Yifjioros, it was very typical of the socalled aefio/jievoL or 0oj8ou)uevot rov daov, who were influenced by Judaism (though the worship of ©eos "Yiffiaros was b y no means confined to them, cf. above, p. 3). So we may agree with Schiirer that the community in question was one of those syncretistic organizations which stood on the border between Judaism and Hellenism. 1
2
3
2. The inscriptions of Europe, especially of Rome, attest the spread of the name Sabbathaios among the Italian Jews (cf. Frey, CI J , Index, s.v. Sabbatius and the like). Y e t in some cases the persons in question were not Jews, at any rate not orthodox J e w s ; F r e y marked the inscriptions dealing with such persons with an asterisk. I give some instances. The mortal remains of J u n i a Sabatis (CIJ 68*) were not buried as required b y Jewish custom, but burnt, and her ashes were preserved in a columbarium, according to a well-known Roman usage. The letters D. M. (i.e. Dis Manibus) adorn the tomb-stone of Claudia Sabbathis (ibid., no. 71*) and Aurelia Sabbatia (ibid., no. 63*). I t is hard to believe that J e w s used these heathen formulae, and the most reasonable supposition would be that all the women just mentioned were semi-proselytes. 4
s
3. A female slave recorded in B G U 887 was called Sambatis and her name was 1
Cf. Latyschev, Inscript. antiquae orae septentrion. Ponti Euxini ii, nos. 446, 447, 448, 451. Ibid., nos. 446( ?), 454. E . Schiirer, Die Juden im bosporanischen Reiche und die Genossenschaften der oepofievoi dedv vipiorov, Stzb. preuss. Ak. 1897, xiii. Cf. Goodenough, JQR, xlvii, 1956-7, 221 sqq. 2
3
4
of columpaintings
5
(CIJ no. expanded
It is worth noting that the walls baria were frequently adorned with bearing on mythological subjects. A Gallic inscription of a Sabatia 95*) is headed D.O.M. This cannot be with certainty; see Frey's note on it.
4
6
S E C T I O N X I I I : NOS. 4 8 1 - 4 9 9
changed to Athenais (see below, No. 490). Y e t she was not a Jewess, but 'a Phry gian b y origin' (yeW OpvyLav). W h y did she bear a Hebrew n a m e ? 1
4. An inscription of Thyateira in Lydia of Hadrian's time runs as follows: Ztbaifxos KaracrKevdcras aopov edero em TOTTOV Kadapov ovros npo rfjs TroXecos TTpos T W EapfiadeCip iv rco XaASatou irepifioXcp Trapd TTJV Srjpoaiav obov. . . .('Fabius Zosimos has built this sarcophagus and erected it on a pure place which is before the city near the Sambatheion in the precincts of Khaldaios on the public road.') Here a certain building is called Sambatheion, and we can guess what this meant. In an edict of Augustus (ant. 16. 164) the Jewish synagogue is called Sabbatheion; so the simplest supposition would be that the Sambatheion of Thyateira was also a synagogue. Scholars almost unanimously reject this suggestion on the ground that a synagogue could not be built in the vicinity of a cemetery which is regarded as unclean b y Jewish ritual law. Y e t they forget that the Sambatheion was not built in the vicinity of the sarcophagus, but the sarcophagus in the vicinity of the Sambatheion, and it is obvious that Jews could not forbid any building work going on beyond the limits of the precincts of the synagogue. Besides, the uncleanness ends at the distance of four feet. Some far-reaching conclusions were drawn from the alleged fact that the Sambatheion was situated 'in the precincts of Khaldaios' (see below). Y e t again, it was not the Sambatheion which stood 'in the precincts of Khaldaios', but the sarcophagus of Fabius Zosimos which was erected in i t ; it was the intention of Fabius to indicate in the inscription as carefully as possible the place of his sarcophagus, not that of the Sambatheion. So I do not see why the Sam batheion of Thyateira cannot, after all, be a Jewish synagogue. Y e t other sug gestions ought not to be discarded a priori, and we shall mention them again. 2
3
4
5. An inscription from Cilicia, probably of the time of Augustus, reveals the existence of an enigmatic community of worshippers of a god called ZafifiaTiorris (OGIS 573). I n another inscription the same community is called eVai/^a rwv Zap^an\aru)v. The members of the community call themselves eraipot. The inscription mentions a awaywyevs (head of the community), a Upevs (priest), s
1
No. 490 contains a deed of sale between L . Julius Protoktetus, the seller, and Artemidoros, son of Kaisios, of Alexandria, the purchaser. The place of the deed is Side in Pamphylia, the object of sale is a Phrygian female slave, Sambatis, whose name has been deliberately changed to Athenais. F o r detailed analysis cf. No. 490. CIG ii. 3509; cf. Oehler, 'Epigraphische Beitrage z. Gesch. d. Judentums', MGWJ liii, 1909, no. 60; Schiirer iii. 562; Krauss, Synagogale Altert. 26. b. S o t a 4 4 a ; b. Berakhot 18a. I t should be clear that 'near the Sambatheion' is no more than a topographical remark serving as a means of nearer orientation; it seems that the Sambatheion was a building well known to everyone in Thyateira. To avoid misapprehen sions the translation of the inscription ought to 2
3
4
have been published with commas: 'a pure place which is before the city, near the Sambatheion, in the precincts of Khaldaios, on the public road'. I t is of some interest to state that every further localization marks the place with more and more accuracy. 'Before the city' means only that the sarcophagus stands outside the city wall; 'near the Sambatheion' fixes more precisely the environment; 'in the precincts of Khaldaios' indicates the very plot of land on which the sarcophagus was built; 'on the public road' marks the special side of the plot chosen ob viously in order that the sarcophagus should easily be seen by the passers by. 5
Hicks, JHS xii, 1891, 236; cf. Schiirer iii. 562 sq. n. 136; Gressmann, REs.v. Sabbatistai, zweite Reihe, i. 1560 sqq.
THE
SAMBATHIONS
47
dvad^fiara (donations) presented to the god and stored in the vaoi (temples); all these offices and religious habits have many parallels in the various religious communities of the Hellenistic world. Though the name of the god is in some way connected with the Sabbath, the members of the community cannot be Jews, since Jews would never call their God 'the God of Sabbath'. The usual Hellenistic organization of the community points clearly to a pagan environ ment. So the simplest suggestion is that the members of the community were pagan observers of the Sabbath. The name of their head, AWifirjAiov, proves that members of the community (all or some of them) were of Syrian origin, so that Jewish influence may easily be explained. 6. T h e same god, or another of the same kind, is probably mentioned in an inscription of L y d i a : Apifuds ASdov (?) yvvr) Za/3a9iKa> evxqv. Since evxi means a vow, or a prayer, the ZafiadiKos must in any case be a deity. 1
7. A Michigan ostrakon (see below, No. 496) contains a list of names, the first of them being ZAMBAQIZ. According to H. C. Youtie (Sambathis, HTR xxxvii, 1944, 209 sqq.), the list contains only names of deities, and, consequently, Sambathis must be a deity too. On the possible identification of this deity see below, pp. 50 sqq.; cf. notes to No. 496. 8. A ovvoSos ZaiifiaOiKr) is recorded in Naukratis in an inscription of Augustus' time ( S B 12). I t is common for ovvohov of E g y p t to b e named after a deity, the name of which was used as an adjective connected with avvoSos; i.e. ATTOXKOVIaKtj,El(naKr] and the like. According to this principle the avvoSos Za/x^adiK-q must have been a community worshipping a goddess called Sambathis, or the like. 2
We have examined the material connected with the problem in question and we have now to interpret it. Two explanations have been offered for the whole series of names mentioned above: (1) the names derive from the Hebrew word S a b b a t h ; (2) all, or a part, of the names derive from the name of the goddess Sambethe. W e have, first of all, to consider the latter theory. The goddess Sambethe was discovered b y the German philologist Wilhelm Schulze in his article 'Samstag', first published in 1895. After having stressed the phonetic phenomenon of substitution of for j8/?, Schulze quotes some inscriptions, mostly of Asia Minor, where the names Zap^aQis, Zavfiadis, Zap.Paretov and the like, are mentioned. According to Schulze these names derive not from the Hebrew Sabbath, but from Sambethe, an ancient goddess of Asia Minor. The Sambatheion of Thyateira should be regarded as a temple of Sam bethe, the god Za^anaT-qs or ZafiadcKos, as her paredros. True, we do not know this goddess in her original form; but there is no doubt ('ohne Zweifel') that she must be identified with the 'Chaldaic Sybilla' Sambethe (op. cit. 291). The hypokoristic form of Sambethe is given b y Pausanias (10. 12. 9) who calls her ZafiPr}. 'Die gekurzte Form Zd^-q setzt jedenfalls ein Za^-qdr) voraus' (ibid. 3
1
The inscription is quoted by Schulze (cf. below, note 3), p. 293. Cf. also Juster i. 280 note 1 ; Keil and von Premerstein, Denkschr. Akad. Wien, liv, 1 9 1 1 , 117 sqq. Cf. Poland, RE s.v. avvooos, zweite Reihe, 2
iv.
1 4 3 1 ; Roberts, Skeat, Nock, HTR
xxix,
1936, 74W . Schulze, Kleine Schriften, 1934, 281 sqq. (originally Zeitschr. fur vgl. Sprachforschung (i895)3
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S E C T I O N X I I I : NOS. 4 8 1 - 4 9 9
291). So the correct form of the name of this 'heidnischen, in Kleinasien verehrten, vielleicht wirklich semitischen Gottin' was Uafifiddr), as Za^rjO-q is only the Ionic form of Uafifiddr) (ibid. 292). The theory of Schulze has found many adherents. Gressmann (RE, s.v. Sabbatistai) speaks of Sambethe as of a goddess 'die in Kleinasien von Semiten verehrt wurde und spater zur Chaldaischen Sybille herabsank'. Ziebarth (Das griechische Vereinswesen, 1896,61) interprets the avvobos EaixfiaQiKrj of Naukratis as a community of worshippers of the same goddess. Youtie identifies the Sambathis of O. Mich. 657 with the goddess worshipped in Thyateira and 'in whose name a avvobos Hap^adiK-q was conducted in Naukratis' (op. cit. 213). He differentiates between this goddess, called Sambathis, and the sibyl S a m b e t h e ; yet, 'since a certain divinity was attributed to sibyls, the identification of Sam bathis and Sambethe is at least possible' (ibid. 213). ' I f Sambathis may be identified with Sambethe, then the temple at Thyateira, the avvobos at Naukratis, and the ostrakon list from Karanis confirm the impression that her cult groups were active over the whole of the Near E a s t , from the Black Sea to E g y p t ' (ibid. 217). 1
In criticizing the theory of Schulze, it would be correct to progress from things, in which an absolute certainty may be obtained, to things less certain and even doubtful. W e are absolutely certain that proper names, like Sambathaios, Sambathion, and their derivatives, as well as the term Sambatheion for Jewish synagogues, were derived from the Hebrew root Sabbath. Y e t we are quite certain that the same words could also derive from some other root. Schulze did not give any criterion for distinguishing between the names derived from Sabbath and those derived from Sambethe, and this failure of his theory has already been sufficiently criticized b y Schiirer. Moreover, the name Sam bethe, according to Schulze himself, is an Ionic form of Sambathe = Sabbathe, which is the name of the Jewish Sibyl. W h a t then was the name of the goddess of Asia Minor before she was identified with the Hebrew Sibyl? Had she any special name at all? Or was she called by some name resembling S a b b a t h ? Schulze should have first of all asked these questions, since otherwise we might incline towards the simple view that the goddess Sambethe never existed and that all that has been said about her belongs to the deified Hebrew Sibyl, and not to her. 2
3
So we notice, as the first result of our inquiry, that from the linguistic view point no arguments could be put forward to prove the existence of a goddess of Asia Minor called Sambethe. Has her existence been proved by historical, religious, or other evidence? L e t us examine the arguments put forward b y 1
Cf. col. 1565: 'die urspriinglich wahrscheinlich kleinasiatische Muttergottheit ZafM^dT] oder ZajS/fy, und ihr mannlicher Parhedros Za^anarris oder ZafladiKos'. Schulze interprets the names Za^adicov and Ha^aTioiv as derivatives from Sambethe, whereas Sambathaios would derive from Sabbath. In scriptions and ostraka not published yet in his time have completely overthrown this view. Cf. 2
Scripta Hierosolymitana 1 , 1954, 8 1 , note 1 1 . 'Die Trennung dieser Namen von dem jtidischen Eafifia.Tt.os oder Za/J/Jarafo? lasst sich aber nicht durchfiihren, denn pfi ist = /8/J, die Endung is ist teils femin., teils masc. statt 10? . . ., ovs ist Feminin-Endung, ia>v Diminutiv-Form. Alle Bildungen weisen also auf jenen jiidischen Namen zuriick . . .' (Schiirer iii. 563 n. 136). 3
THE
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49
scholars. The strongest argument is drawn from the existence of the alleged temple of Sambethe in Thyateira. This argument is methodologically false: one cannot presuppose that a building has been named after a certain goddess and then prove the existence of this very goddess on the ground that the build ing was named after her. This argument, furthermore, is based on the assump tion that the Sambatheion in Thyateira could not have been a Jewish synagogue. Yet we have just seen that this argument can easily be discarded. I t was, finally, suggested that the localization of the Sambatheion lv rep XaXoatov TTepifioXq) points to the cult of the Babylonian (i.e. Chaldaean) Sibyl, and that the XaXSatos in question was something like a priest of this Sibyl (cf. Schiirer iii. 562). Yet we have seen that this localization is based on a rather arbitrary interpreta tion of the text. And even supposing it to be correct, a sanctuary of the Chal daean Sibyl ought not to be immediately identified with a temple of the goddess of Asia Minor, since the identification of the Sibyl with the goddess is just the matter which has to be proved. The same may be said of the god Sabbatistes, who has been proclaimed b y scholars to be a paredros of the great goddess Sambethe. I t is, once again, no more than verbal juggling. Should the existence of the alleged goddess be a real fact, the god Sabbatistes may have been, per haps, regarded as her 'partner'; but as her existence is not proved, the only methodologically correct procedure must be to interpret the character of the god by his name, i.e. to take him for a 'god of Sabbath'. All other 'proofs' are of the same kind, and it would be merely a reiteration of our arguments should we deal separately with each of them. W e may sum up: the existence of the great goddess of Asia Minor, Sambethe, could not be sustained by Schulze and his adherents either by linguistic or, indeed, b y any other arguments. 1
2
We pass now to the Hebrew, or Chaldaean, Sibyl called Sambethe. Here we are on more solid ground. Among the numerous Sibyls of the ancient world one was regarded as particularly connected with Jews, and her name was Sambethe, or Sabbe. Various suggestions have been put forward to explain the name, but since Sambethe is another form for Sabbath, and Sabbe is obviously a hypokoristicon of it, there is little doubt that the only correct explanation is to connect her name with Sabbath. The Sibyls, these semi-mythological pro phetesses of ancient times, were known and highly esteemed (even worshipped) throughout the whole Graeco-Roman world. I t seems that no further reason should be sought for explaining the fact why Jews should have their own Sibyl, especially when we take into consideration the existence of many other oriental Sibyls, such as those of Persia, Egypt, or Babylon. Y e t scholars are anxious to ascribe to the Jewish Sibyl more significance than she really had b y searching behind her for some ancient oriental deity. We have just seen that Schulze and Gressmann thought of an ancient goddess worshipped originally by the Semitic or other inhabitants of Asia Minor long before she appeared disguised as the Jewish Sibyl, Sambethe. Youtie follows them when he writes: 'When Sambethe comes to our attention, she is already the Babylonian sibyl, the voice of the 1
Cf. Gressmann, RE, col. 1561: 'Ihr Kult ist sicher nachgewiesen zu Thyateira in Lydien.' This is, indeed, the usual interpretation; cf.
Dittenberger, commentary to OGIS 573; Schiirer iii. 563 n. 136; Juster i. 280 n. 1 .
2
E
S E C T I O N X I I I : NOS. 4 8 1 - 4 9 9
5o
gods' (op. cit. 214). And again: 'The enormous success of the Babylonian oracles in Jewish circles had as an inevitable concomitant the conversion of Sambethe into a Jewish Sibyl and the reinterpretation of her name and function within the characteristic canons of Jewish thought. The derivation of her name from the typically Jewish institution of the Sabbath would complete her transforma tion. In this new guise she would meet her old self in the pagan world, and the resulting fusion would be a syncretistic melange. She remained, perhaps, the consort of the deds Sap^anaTq?, now taken to be the 'Sabbath-god', in fact, the Jewish god' (ibid. 215). So three steps of development are erected: An oriental (Semitic?) goddess—the Sibyl of Babylon—the Jewish Sibyl. W h a t are the reasons for assuming such a complicated development ? The existence of an ancient Oriental goddess could not be proved b y Youtie any more than it could be proved b y Schulze. As to the Babylonian origin of the Jewish Sibyl, it is true that the Jewish Sibyl was sometimes identified with her Chaldaean sister; yet, it is no less true that she was identified with the Persian and the Egyptian Sibyls as well. I t is true, again, that the Jewish Sibyl was supposed to be the daughter of the Babylonian wise man Berossos, priest and writer of the third century B . C . (Paus. 10. 12. 9; Ps.-Justin, Cohort, ad Graecos 37. 3 ) ; yet why should we ascribe to this evidence more historical significance than to another, which makes the Jewish Sibyl a near kinswoman of Noah? As to the Babylonian origin of the Jewish Sibyl, the fact is reported b y the Sibyl herself (Orac. sib. 3. 808 sqq.), and this may have been the reason why the Jewish Sibyl was iden tified b y various authors with her Chaldaean sister. We cannot know the inten tion of the author who wrote Orac. sib. 3. 808 sqq.; perhaps he simply wanted to stress the great age of the prophetess and her capacity for knowing things of the forgotten past. T h a t the Orac. sib. have preserved old Babylonian motifs and traditions, as is assumed by some scholars, may easily be granted; but in order to explain this knowledge it suffices to suppose that authors of the or acuta consulted Berossos (cf. Youtie, op. cit. 214sq.). To sum up: the 'Babylonian' character of the Jewish Sibyl is no more than a disguise invented in the Hellenistic-Roman period in order to give more credibility to the oracles of the Jewish Sibyl; it has no more historical basis than the similar legends attached to Greek Sibyls which convert them into persons of mythological age who lived before the Trojan war. 1
2
3
We may now ask the question whether the Jewish Sibyl could have been worshipped b y pagans as a deity. The possibility cannot be denied. Since the Sibyls were regarded as semi-mythological beings, sometimes as daughters, sisters, or wives, of the gods (cf., for example, Pausan. 10. 12. 2), they could easily have been worshipped as goddesses (cf. Youtie, op. cit. 213). The deification 1
Pausan. 10. 1 2 . 9 : ol 8e avrr/v BafivXtoviav, ere/jot ae UifivXXav KaXovoiv Alyvnrtav. Orac. Sib. Prol. 2 7 : irpcoTT) ovv 17 XaXoata rjyovv r) IJepals 17 KvpLip ovopuvri Ka\ovp.ev7] ZJap.f$rjdr). Orac. Sib. Prol.: 4K rov yevovs oSoa rov fta.Kapitora.Tov NtTje. The idea was inspired prob ably by Gen. 10. 7. The affinity with Noah, at any rate, corresponded far more closely to the 2
legendary character of the Sibyl than her alleged affinity to Berossos. W e may suspect that those who first connected the Jewish Sibyl with Beros sos mistook him for a man of diluvial age; they would never have conceived such an idea had they known who he really was. Cf. Rzach, RE, s.v. Sibyllen, zweite Reihe, ii, coll. 2100 sqq. 3
THE
SAMBATHIONS
51
of the Jewish Sibyl Sambethe (or Sambathis, which is, of course, the same name) would account, first of all, for the existence of a avvoSos named after her in Naukratis (cf. above, p. 47). Secondly, the name UAMBAOIZ in O. Mich. 657 could be interpreted as the same deified Jewish Sibyl. Though another inter pretation of the ostrakon was proposed by its editor (cf. No. 496), Youtie is right in pointing out that the list contains only names of gods, and that, consequently, Sambathis must be a goddess as well. So there are strong argu ments in favour of the supposition that the Jewish Sibyl, Sambethe, was worshipped as a deity, and we may put the question: What could have been the special reason for pagans worshipping the Jewish Sibyl ? There is little doubt that the worship of a Jewish Sibyl could be performed only b y persons who were in some way influenced by, or interested in, Judaism. Now, even the slightest acquaintance with Judaism led to some knowledge about Sabbath observance. Since the Jewish Sibyl was named after the Sabbath the only plausible reason for worshipping her must be sought in her name. I f there was anywhere a cult of the Jewish Sibyl, Sambethe, it was carried on b y pagan observers of Sabbath who considered the Jewish Sibyl, S a m b e t h e Sabbathe, as a divine personification of Sabbath. Yet, if so, why should Sambethe, or Sambathis, be always and everywhere interpreted as the Jewish Sibyl? W h y not simply as the goddess of Sabbath? To be sure, Sambethe was the name of the Sibyl, yet the name could easily be applied to every deity connected with Sabbath. If there was a god of Sabbath, ZaiifiaTLorris, why should there not have been a goddess of Sabbath? Jews themselves, during the long course of their history, have praised Sabbath as a Queen, as a Bride, and so almost deified her. W h y should not pagans, free as they were from the strict prescripts of monotheism, frankly worship her as a god dess ? I t is not my intention to seek for arguments in favour of this supposition. There are none. I t is merely a suggestion, a working hypothesis to explain such riddles as the existence of the ovvooos ZafxfiaTiKri of Naukratis, and the like. I shall not argue against those who persist in their opinion that S a m b a t h i s Sambethe was always and everywhere the Jewish Sibyl, though the deep reverence paid b y an Egyptian schoolboy of Karanis to this Jewish Sibyl is not easy to understand (cf. No. 496). I t is essential to stress the following items: (1) that the name of the Jewish Sibyl is derived from S a b b a t h ; (2) that no ancient oriental goddess was ever associated with her; and (3) that, consequently, the only reason for pagans worshipping her must be sought in her name. In the 1
1
It is worth noting that in the list of deities in 0 . Mich. 657 Sambathis occupies the first place preceding such famous gods as Artemis, Dionysos, and Demeter. Did the schoolboy really think of her as the Jewish Sibyl? How did he get his knowledge of the Jewish Sibyl? And why should this Sibyl be so important in his eyes? The most plausible answer seems to be that Sambathis was for him not a Sibyl but a real deity, very well known to him from his every day life: the goddess of Sabbath. A similar diffi culty is connected with the name of the Phrygian
maid Sambatis in No. 490 (cf. above, p. 46, note 1). According to Youtie (op. cit. 212 n. 17), she was named after the Jewish Sibyl Sambethe, and he calls attention to the 'curious coincidence that both Sambethe and Athenais, the second name of the maid, are the names of Sibyls'. Y e t it is, indeed, no more than a curious coincidence; the maid, called by her parents (or her previous masters) Sambathis, because they were observers of Sabbath, got a new name from her new masters because they had nothing to do with Sabbath and Sabbath-observance.
52
S E C T I O N X I I I : NOS. 4 8 1 - 4 9 9
same manner as the god Sabbatistes was worshipped by pagan observers of Sabbath, so the goddess of Sabbath, or the Jewish Sibyl serving as a personifica tion of Sabbath, was the female deity worshipped in the same, or similar circles. According to Youtie (op. cit. 216 n. 35), the view explaining the names of Sam bethe, Sabbatistes, & c , as derivatives of Sabbath 'has the advantage of simpli fying the problem'. In my opinion, it has not only the advantage of simplicity, but of correctness too, since it replaces vague and nebulous theories, the un certainty of which has been felt b y their authors themselves (cf. Youtie, op. cit. 217), b y facts which are supported b y arguments of linguistic and historical character. It is perhaps useful, to recall in this connexion the well-known evidence attesting the observance of Sabbath by non-Jews in the Hellenistic-Roman world. Jews, pagans, and Christians alike are witnesses to this fact. According to Josephus (c. Ap. 2. 282), 'there is not one city, of Greeks or barbarians, nor a single nation, to which our custom of abstaining from work on the seventh day has not spread.' Philo (vita Mosis 2. 17 sqq.) states that everywhere the customs and institutions of one people are rejected b y another; only Jewish customs attract the sympathies of all men, Greeks and barbarians, in a like manner. 'Who has not shown his respect for that sacred seventh day, by giving rest and relaxation from labour to himself and his neighbours, not to free men only but to slaves too, and beyond these to his beasts?' Juvenal (Sat. 14. 96 sqq.) regards Sabbath-observance as the first step to the adoption of J u d a i s m : if the father has observed the Sabbath and abstained from eating swine's flesh, the son will be a full proselyte. Sabbath-observance in Rome is attested also b y Horace (Sat. 1. 9. 68 sqq.). (Cf. Fink, Der Einfluss der judischen Religion auf die griechischromische, 1932, 14 sqq.) Tertullian (ad nat. 1. 13) speaks in general of pagans observing the Jewish rite of Sabbath. Sabbath-observance was tenaciously prac tised by Christians and provoked bitter invectives on the part of the Fathers of the Church (cf. Juster i. 280 n. 2; Simon, Verus Israel, 374sqq.). Even children playing dice in the streets of Alexandria knew that the seventh day was called Sabbath. This evidence of Jewish, pagan, and Christian writers corresponds exactly to the above-mentioned evidence of the inscriptions. I t is a very com plicated question to determine in what measure, and if at all, these various Sabbath-observers were connected with Jewish communities. They were, of course, no proselytes; we may even doubt if the majority of them can be classed among the metuentes, or d>oftovp,€voi rov 6e6v; the latter were usually to be seen in Jewish synagogues, as witnessed b y the apostle Paul (Acts 13. 16, 26, 43; 17. 4, 17), whereas we have no proof that the worshippers of the god Sabbatistes, or the members of the UappaOiKfj ovvoSos had maintained any relations with the Synagogue. I would prefer to call them simply pagan observers of the Sabbath whether this observance of a certain Jewish institution was connected with 1
1
On an icosahedron from Alexandria, serving as a children's plaything, numbers were replaced by substantives in some way or other bearing upon them, such as 'the Muses' for nine, the 'Hours' for twelve, and the like. The number six was marked by the word irpoad^arov (cf. Mark
15. 42). Cf. on this icosahedron Perdrizet, 'Le J e u Alexandrin de l'Icosaedre', BIFAO x x x , 1930/31, 1 sqq. Seyrig, Melanges Maspero, ii. 7 1 . This children's toy was hardly destined for Jews, or for proselytes, since names and symbols drawn from Greek mythology were written on it.
THE
SAMBATHIONS
53
a deeper knowledge of the principles of Judaism, or not. Sabbath-observance b y J e w s was so conspicuous a usage that it could easily be adopted b y non-Jews as a separate rite, with no further religious consequences. I t could, therefore, be easily associated with religious rites, ideas, and institutions of the pagan world. Lucky and unlucky days; days on which all business or political activity was prohibited; days specially devoted to certain deities; holidays and festivals, on which certain religious rites were observed and ceremonies performed: all such days were very well known throughout the entire Hellenistic-Roman world. We may doubt whether it was the moral and social aspect of the Sabbath which most attracted pagans, as is obviously supposed by Philo and Josephus; it is more likely that the worshippers of Sabbatistes and Sabbate were struck b y the mystic aspect of it. Y e t this question cannot be discussed at full length: we are not concerned here with the general question of Sabbath-observance in the Roman Empire, but with the particular problem of the Egyptian Sambathions, to whom we now return. We have been able to state that throughout the whole Hellenistic-Roman world, persons, gods, and institutions were named after the Hebrew word Sabbath, a thing testifying to the wide spreading of Sabbath-observance among the pagans. I t is a fact of particularly great importance for our subject that the observance of the Sabbath could be shown for Egypt. The avvobos Safx^ariKri attests the penetration of the Jewish institution in a Greek city, and the ostrakon from Karanis testifies that the goddess of Sabbath, or the Jewish Sibyl personifying the Sabbath, was very well known in this Egyptian village. And Karanis is just the place where a great number of Sambathions can be found (Nos. 484, 486, 487, 488, 492, 496, 497). W e cannot regard the rise of this name among the Egyptians as a mere chance: the appearance of the same name in distant Tanais speaks clearly against this possibility. Now, the Sambathions of Tanais were influenced by Judaism, and their name, derived from Sabbath, demonstrates obviously their veneration for the Sabbath. I see no other possibility of explaining the origin of the Egyptian Sambathions. W h y should just this name out of all Hebrew names be preferred b y Egyptians ? The name indicates, probably, not that the persons in question were born on the Sabbath, but that their parents were particularly devoted to Sabbath-observance and were anxious to see this devotion perpetuated by their children. W e may date the rise of the sect (or the sects) of Sabbath-observers in E g y p t to the late Ptolemaic and early R o m a n periods: the inscription mentioning the avvobos EaixfiaTiKr} of Naukratis is dated in the Augustan period, and the Sambathions mentioned in Nos. 481-5 all belong to the very beginning of the Christian era. Y e t our richest evidence of Sabbath-observance in the F a y u m villages belongs to the second century, par tially even to the second half of it. T h a t is probably due to a mere chance 1
1
What is the meaning of the enigmatic sen the whole sentence as follows: 'Be this stele an tence fffTw(i) 8' 17 OT17A77 d[V]o/ioaia tear taov oath (for every one) in the like manner: thou fiTjo'eva xmohi^aaOai TO fjixap in OGIS 573 ? My col shalt not reveal the day.' The day in question leagues a t the Hebrew University, Prof. M. should be the holy day of the god Sabbatistes; Schwabe and Dr. Hans Lewy, whom I consulted whether Sabbath or some other day, we cannot about this sentence, proposed to read uiro8eknow. 'To reveal' the day does not mean the date fao-flcu instead of vnoSegaoOai, and to translate of it, but its inner content, its mystery.
S E C T I O N X I I I : NOS. 4 8 1 - 4 9 9
54
depending upon the fact that the papyrologists were exceptionally lucky in finding large papyrus rolls (such as published in P . Mich. 223/224/225, or P. Columb, 1 ) , all belonging to the second century. W e may suggest with some probability that the influence of Judaism (just as the influence of Christianity in a later epoch) was concentrated originally in large cities, and it took a con siderable time before Sabbath-observance penetrated into the villages. As we have no possibility of registering the Sambathions of the cities because of the lack of evidence, we are faced, almost unexpectedly, with a great number of villagers, called Sambathion, in the second century and obtain, as a consequence, the false impression that the sect of Sabbath-observers is only now making its first appearance in Egypt. So it is more likely that our papyrological material reflects not the first step in the rise of the sect, but its further development, and perhaps even the beginning of the decline. In fact, the political situation in E g y p t after A . D . 117 was by no means favour able for the development of any sect connected with Judaism. Y e t the history of heresies presents so many examples of stubborn perseverance in a faith, that this is perhaps not especially questionable. I f the Russian subbotniki could pro fess Judaism in nineteenth-century Russia, when severe punishments were permanently threatening them, why could not their far remote predecessors in Egypt do the same in a world not yet accustomed to religious persecutions ? The Sambathions, after all, were not Jews, and if they, too, endured temporarily some persecutions in the bad years immediately following the revolt, some decades later their leanings to Judaism were probably forgotten and forgiven, and they could again profess the observance of Sabbath as their fathers did. I t is possible that the name Sambathion became for some time ominous: it can hardly be a mere chance, t h a t our documents of the second century reveal a large number of females called Zap^dQiov, and only a few males, generally old persons, bearing the name Sap^adiajv (cf. above, Vol. I, p. 96). Y e t we may per haps put forward a stronger reason, why the name Sambathion was preferred for women: we have seen above that it was the goddess of Sabbath, Sambathis, or the Jewish Sibyl called b y the same name, who was worshipped in the syncretistic ovvohoi of Sabbath-observers, and so it is easily understandable that new-born girls were named after the goddess, the patroness of the community. I t may be plausibly suggested that women played a considerable, if not the preponderant, part in a cult devoted to a female deity. 1
A possible error must be avoided beforehand. The names Hafi^a9la>v and EafxfiaQiov were not nicknames given to adult members of a certain sect in order to mark their devotion to the principles of the sect, but regular names of new born children. I t follows, therefore, that the true adherents of the sect were not the persons themselves bearing these names but their parents, though, of course, the children were probably disposed to go in the steps of their fathers. The papyri (see especially No. 485) have preserved names of large families, and we can easily observe that the parents of the Sambathions were called b y various Egyptian and Greek names; so it is obvious that the name Sambathion was not 1
I t is possible that the few Sambathions in Augustus' time (Nos. 144, 409, 4 1 1 , 4 1 2 ) were
Egyptians converted to Judaism, but we cannot, of course, prove this.
THE
SAMBATHIONS
55
necessary for marking the adherence of a person to the sect of Sabbath-observers. The real numbers of Sabbath-observers in Egypt stand in no relation to the number of Sambathions known to us, j u s t as the number of about nine Sam bathions in the inscriptions of Tanais is but a small fraction of the entire number of the worshippers of &eos "Yipioros of this town. W e may consider every Sam bathion as representing a whole family, especially if it is the name of a son or a daughter. So the number of Sabbath-observers in Egypt might have been rather considerable. I t is a well-known custom practised b y many peoples that children should be named after their fathers or grandfathers. Thus a name, once it has entered a family, remains in it for many years. Such was the fate of the name Sam bathion. Now, a man, named Sambathion after his grandfather, need not neces sarily have been a Sabbath-observer. In this way the name loses its significance and becomes a regular name of Egyptians. W e are faced here with a very difficult problem. We may be sure that the name Sambathion, when making its first appearance in the Egyptian environment, clearly attested its connexion with Sabbath, whether in a direct way as evidence of the well-known Jewish institution, or, in a more complicated manner, as a mark of adherence to the cult of the Sabbath goddess. B u t we have no means to determine at what precise time the name lost its connexion with its origin, so that the word 'Sabbath' was no longer present in the consciousness of the Egyptians when they were calling their new-born children Sambathion. The inscription of Naukratis and the Michigan ostrakon give us the chronological limits concerning the cult of Sam bathis : from the time of Augustus to A . D . 300. Y e t we are not sure that this cult, and the Sabbath-observance connected with it, did endure during this time at all places and in a like manner. The Sambathions of the third century are less numerous than those of the second century, and they disappear entirely in the fourth. This may serve as evidence of the gradual decline of the sect itself which had, indeed, but very slender roots in the thousands of years of Egyptian tradition. The decrease of the Sambathions could also have had another reason, namely the rivalry of a new name, Sambas. W e have already seen that this name (UafxP&s) is nothing but a hypokoristikon of Sambathaios, or Sambathion. There is a certain relationship in the use of the two names: while 'Sambathion' gradually loses its power, 'Sambas' becomes more and more frequent, and when the former is no longer in use at all, the latter has already obtained the rank of a regular Egyptian name. Now, if Sambathion, phonetically recalling Sabbath and Sambathis, could reasonably serve as an appropriate name for Sabbathobservers, Sambas, more distantly removed from these phonetic associations, could hardly retain any connexion with Sabbath. This is the reason why per sons called Zafx/Sas, so numerous in the papyri, are regarded b y me simply as Egyptians and, consequently, excluded from the C.P.Jud. There might perhaps have been some Sambases who originated from families of Sabbath-observers but there is nothing in the papyri which can prove it, and it is obvious, at any 1
1
This distinction is purely for convenience; it would, of course, be unworkable, if there were evidence to show one and the same person
having both names, with Sambathion used as his full name and Sambas as a hypokoristikon.
56
S E C T I O N X I I I : NOS. 4 8 1 - 4 9 9
rate, that such facts were merely exceptions to the rule. The real difficulty lies not with the Sambases, but with the Sambathions. We cannot be sure that all the Sambathions collected in this section were really Sabbath-observers, and some of them, especially those of the third century, might have already freed themselves of any connexion with Judaism. Unfortunately we have no means of discerning between one Sambathion and another, and the only procedure which can be considered as methodologically correct was either to include them all in the Corpus, or to reject them all. Since the latter way would exclude from the Corpus persons certainly connected with Sabbath-observance, I have preferred the former way, though I am well aware that its correctness cannot be proved in each individual case. Since all the papyri of this section interest us only so far as the name Sam bathion occurs in them, there has been no need to discuss them at full length. Only those points have been commented on which bear directly upon our sub ject. In some cases various papyri have been combined, and two or three lines only selected from each (cf. No. 498). The bibliography is either wholly omitted or quoted only as far as the problem of Sambathions is concerned.
No. 481. From census lists and accounts from Philadelphia The following lines are selected from long rolls of census lists and accounts from Philadelpheia in the Fayum. There are no Hebrew names in these lists except the name Sambathion quoted below.
No. 4 8 1 a Philadelpheia. P. Cornell 22 (Westermann and Kraemer).
Early first century A.D.
A census roll containing a list of persons domiciled not in Philadelpheia but in other villages in its vicinity. Col. I l l 68 sq.
7TOL[LFJL€Ta
(?)
TITOJXALSOS
Uajx^aOlcovos Col. I V 1 1 1 sq.
MvaOas A tov Uap^aOlcov aSeA^o?
(Translation.) (Col. I l l ) . . . son of Ptollis and grandson of Sambathion (?). (Col. IV) Mysthas son of Dios. Sambathion his brother. Col. I l l , 11. 68 sq. The editors' reading both here and in the preceding line was Troifi(i)v) fierd. B u t this is highly suspect. One would expect 1. 68 to begin with a proper name, and fierd occurs nowhere else in the list. So it seems that not-ii/jnTa is a misreading of a proper name. Col. IV, 1. 1 1 2 . It is likely that Sambathion was the brother of Mysthas.
THE
SAMBATHIONS No.
57
4.81b C.
Philadelpheia. P. Princet. 13 (Johnson and van Hoesen).
A.D.
35.
From a long list of accounts. Col. X V I . IJT6X\{X}LS (Translation.)
6.
Eaixf$a6L((A)vos)
Ptollis son of Sambathion.
UAFJL^AAI(OV) edit.
No.
48ic
Philadelpheia. P. Princet. I I I . 123 (Johnson and Goodrich).
Early first century, A.D.
This roll contains portions of three columns and is evidently a list prepared by the officials of the census giving the name of the taxpayer, his parents, and his age. It is probable that the list contains the names of citizens of Philadelpheia, partly because of the identity of names in P. Princet. I, nos. 1-15, and because the hand is similar to that of P. Princet. I. 1-6. Col. I I 25
Apre/xajv Zaixfiadi<x)(vos) fir)(rp6s)
(Translation.) 60 years.
®eppiov9(apLov) (ercbv) £
Artemon son of Sambathion, mother Thermoutharion, aged
N o . 4 8 2 . R e t u r n o f sheep and goats Oxyrhynchos. 17-5 x 5-5 cm. P. Oxy. 353 (Grenfell and Hunt).
A.D. 27/28.
This Sambathaios owned a flock of thirty sheep and two goats. He here notifies the strategos of their numbers and location, and promises payment of the pasture-dues. Such declarations are common, for the government conducted a complete census of livestock each year in late January: cf. No. 412 and the other documents listed in A eg. xv, 1935, 133 sq. (add P. Princet. ii. 24, 28; P. Phil. 8; Bull, de la faculte des lettres de Strasbourg, xxxvi, 1957, p. 197, no. 240). The papyrus, published in description by Grenfell and Hunt, is now in the library of Johns Hopkins University. I have completed the text from a photostat.
5
Xatpeai o~TpaT7)ytoi irapd ZJapb^adaiov rod ZJafx^adacov. a.7TOypa<j>opiai els TO evearos vy (CTOS) TifiepLov Kaccrapos EefiaaTOv TOL V7rdpx(ov)-
S E C T I O N X I I I : NOS. 4 8 1 - 4 9 9
58
t<x poi
TTfOg^ara
Kovra
10
alyas
Svo
rpid(yivovrai)
7Tp(6f$ara)
A ..
Kal rovs €Trai<[o]Aovdovvras apvas eplcpovs a veprjaraLrai rrepl TleXa rfjs Trpos Xlfia TOTr(apxLas) Kal S i ' oA(ou) TOV
iS
pecos
vopov
hid
vo-
B
[Xaoyjpq(povpevov [Tre~]pl TO EaTvpgy eTTOLKtgy d$e\(f>ov
TT)S Trpos
20
aTrrjXLOJ-
TTjv t [ o ] ^ ( a r i a s ' ) * c5v Kal Ta£opqi TO KadrJKov T[eX]gs. (2nd hand) evTyfaei).
x 6. vnap pap.
8.
A pap.
1 1 . 1 . vefx-qae-.
15. BaX\...
? (Youtie).
(Translation.) To Chaireas the strategos, from Sambathaios son of Sambathaios. I declare, for the present 13th year of Tiberius Caesar Augustus, the thirty sheep, two goats in my possession, total 30 sheep . . ., and the lambs (and) kids which follow t h e m : they will be grazed around Pela in the Western toparchy and throughout the nome b y their shepherd, my brother B . . ., who is registered for the census around Satyros' Settlement in the Eastern toparchy; and I shall pay the proper dues for them. (2nd hand) Farewell. . . . 1. Xcupeai: other returns of livestock are addressed to the same strategos: P . Oxy. 245 and 3 5 0 - 2 ; P. Princet. ii. 24 (if correctly read). 8. Trp(6fiaTa) X.. : the final traces are cramped and h a s t y : perhaps al(yas) $, to accord with the usual formula. 9-10. €7raff[o]Xovdovvras: 'accompanying the flock'. Preisigke referred the participle to future off spring ('accruing'); but this sense is excluded in returns which mention a definite number of young (PSI 40. 1 , P . Corn. 1 5 . 15). See further P . Ross. Georg. ii. 1 3 . 2, note; Aeg. x v , 1 9 3 5 , 1 7 1 sq. 1 0 - 1 1 apvas iptyovs: this matches, and protects, the asyndeton in No. 4 1 2 . 1 4 . Contrast P . Oxy. 244. 1 0 ; P . Princet. 24. 12 (if correctly read). 22. T[e'A]ps: see Wallace, Taxation 82 sqq. The papyrus breaks off with this line; a subscription and a date will have followed. P. J . P.
No. 483. Greek supplement to Demotic deed of sale Soknopaiou Nesos (Fayum). 28 X 24 cm. 15th May, A.D. 45. BGU 854 (Krebs). Cf. BL i. 73. L I T . : Gradenwitz, Berl. Phil. Woch. 1902 col. 652. Wenger, Stellvertretung 173 n. 3 . Taubenschlag, Opera Minora ii. 354, 451.
THE
SAMBATHIONS
59
This interesting text comprises the Greek subscriptions to a Demotic sale: the signa tures of the parties (11. 1 - 7 ) and the notes of the registry official (11. 7 - 1 1 ) . A house at Soknopaiou Nesos changed hands; the purchaser was Herieus, daughter of Sam bathion. The Demotic text consisted originally of two columns—a deed of sale and a deed of cession. Below these stood a single wide column of Greek. The left-hand half of the papyrus has now disappeared, taking with it almost a whole column of Demotic and about forty letters from each line of Greek. The missing part can be reconstructed, partly from the Demotic text which remains, and partly from the parallel documents. For the parallels see Taubenschlag, Opera Minora ii. 4 5 1 n. 23 (adding SB 5 2 3 1 . 1 1 sqq.; 5 2 4 7 . 1 5 sqq.). P. Ryl. ii. 1 6 0 is especially close. For the Demotic see Spiegelberg, P. Dem. Berlin, p. 2 3 , no. 6857. Spiegelberg gave only a partial translation; for supplementary information I am indebted to Mr. A. F . Shore of the British Museum, who has answered my inquiries with the greatest kindness and patience. Dr. W. Miiller was good enough to send me an excellent photograph of the original, and from this I have revised the Greek text. c. 40 lett
] . . *Ep[ieu)s] VTrqpxpvrd
rrjs
Ua/jL^adlcov
/JLrjrpog
pcoc OIKLOLV StoorrjKov
@q[cr\fjs
Kal rcov
rov
avvKvp[o\v-
TO)(v)
c. 40 lett.
. . . ] . . . [ . . . ] . . [ . . . ] . . .ov d>v ylr[o]ygs
u)Xr)s ^ [ 7 7 ] ?
vorov Kal Xtfios pvptrj fiacriXiKrjs ficopas c. 40 lett.
]
[••••]
K a L
c. 40 lett.
]eveo[ra)]ar[r)s
hid x^Xos [e]£ VKOV
tt7T6^[co] TrapaxpfjP'a
rrjv avvK€xoj[p]r)jJi€vr](v) rjp,]eXas
eirl
rcpLrfV
rraaav
[rov d7r]qyrq
dXXa 7Toirjaov yadcoru irpojyey'painat Ta%a
c. 35 lett.
ypa](f>iov xapdtjqyji
aTT[o]rd^qgd[aC\.
xpcojVJou Kal rd Kal
[a*?] rrpoKire.
roo]v gy[vK]ypgy[roo]y
ndvrojv
[••
ev rfj HoKVoiraLov
r7
'Epiecos
fiadiovos OLKta Kal aVe^t )[y\ TipLr)v Kal \TTO\L€LT€ c. 40 lett.
] . epq [Kal] d>{s)
viqaov rrjs
ooXrjs rrjs
aTTrjX{C)tprgv
reJKva
Elp[rf\-
qvrr)v
*HpaKXeirov fxepihos Sv yirovgs ]••[••••]
ai>rr)v
eypaxjjev virep avrrjs Aeovrds
vaiov hid rcov p,r) rov
c. 40 lett.
eirire-
eypaxjjev virep avrrjs
IlqTTaZs IJa. .otfovs 8cd t o fxr) elraivai rjyjcoXaKa
olKuas
Teoevov(f>i{s)
2a[p,]-
fiefiaioLre
rjv
@arjcrfj(s) rrjs Uafx^adlovos
'EpLe[a)s\
(eroov) Xrj (6/JLOLOOS)
(JXXKQS
pLrjrpos pLerorrov
Oaarjs dpiarepd.
v[7r]oypa
]••••[ K Q^rjfjLos.
c. 40 lett.
K]ql rfj dXXrj Aeovras
Elprjveov ob(s) (eroov)
erovs rrepmrov Tifieplov
77a]^cov K. dvayeypanrac
KXavhiov
Sta rod ev rfj UoKvorralov
vr\aov
ypaLOV. I. 2.
1.
1. 'Epiei yelroves,
TJ}
UafifiaOiaDvos pvqTpos ©aaiJTOs /JaoxAtK^, jSoppa, Teoevovios.
OXTJS,
TTJV
virdpxovadv /xot OIKT'av Sioreyov Kai rd ovyKVpovra. 3. 1. x P°S, OIKOV. 4. 1. rjiiepas, xpovov, et
6o
S E C T I O N X I I I : NOS. 4 8 1 - 4 9 9 a
iroi-qaco KaOoTi rtpoyeypanrai. 4—5. emre[raxa. - - - ypa]tov xlcp, elSevai. Perhaps TIaari{aTJ}ovs. 6. 1. r/yopaKa, itpoKeirai, 8id TO pr) rr)v avrr)v (?). 7. 1. vrjotp, 'HpaKXeiSov, yeiroves, oXrjs. 8. 1. Eap.fSadio>vos, fSefiaiovrai (?), iroieirai, ©aarjs. 9. 1. 'Epievs, EapifSaditovos, ©aofjros, pLertorrov (jxercoircp dpiarepw?). (opoicos) '• pap. — 10. 1. rrjs dXX-qs?, Eiprjvaiov, aa-qpios. L rovs pap. I I . 1. 81a rov, vr)atp.
(Translation.) (I, Thases daughter of Panephremmis . . . acknowledge that I have sold) to Herieus daughter of Sambathion, mother Thases, the two-storied house and all its appurtenances which I own a t . . ., where the neighbours of the entire house are: south and west, a public street; north, house . . . of Tesenuphis . . .; east, house of Herieus daughter of Sambathion. And I have forthwith re ceived, in cash on the spot, the whole agreed price in full, and I will guarantee (the transaction) with every form of guarantee from the present day for all time, and I will carry out the other provisions stated above, and I have ordered . . . the clerk at the record-office to endorse (this deed) and to . . . Papais son of Pa . . ses wrote for her because she is illiterate. (2nd hand) I , Herieus daughter of Sambathion, mother Thases, have bought it as stated above. Leontas son of Eirenaios wrote for her because she is il literate. (1st hand ?) Sale and cession of house and all its appurtenances at Soknopaiou Nesos in the division of Herakleides, where the neighbours of the entire house are: south and west, public street; north, house . . . of Tesenuphis in the posses sion of his children; east, house of Herieus daughter of Sambathion; and she has received the price and guarantees (the sale): which sale is made b y Thases daughter of Panephremmis . . . with a mole on her forehead to the left, and Herieus daughter of Sambathion, mother Thases, about 3 8 years old, likewise with a mole on her forehead to the left. Signatory for the seller, Papais son of Pa . . s e s . . . ; for the other party, Leontas son of Eirenaios, about 20 years old, without markings. Fifth year of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus Imperator, Pachon 20. Registered through the record-office at Soknopaiou Nesos. The hands which wrote 11. 1 - 5 and 7 - 1 1 are of much the same shape and size, perhaps actually identical: each line lacks some 40 letters at the left—an estimate based on the certain supplements in 4 and 1 1 . The second hand (11. 6-7) is rather larger. In the notes which follow I have suggested supple ments only by way of illustration, and without trying to recapture the exotic spellings of the original. 1. e.g. \_®aar)s i) IJaves pvqrpds — 6p.oXoyat 7reTTpaKe]yai. F o r Thases cf. 8; the Demotic gives her name as 'Tase daughter of Paneferemi and her mother . . .' (A. F . S.). 2. The house was at Soknopaiou Nesos, in the Herakleides division of the Arsinoite nome: cf. 8. The traces before ios Vev oiKia Kal avXr) vos oiKia. B u t the corresponding supplements seem to exceed the space, at least in 7-8. 4. [eV rrX-qpovs Kal jSejSattoao) rrdar) flefSanuoei drrd r-tjs] (Tcherikover). 4—5. emre[raxa ra> 7rpos ru> ypa]iov; after emreraxa we might write TOT? fidprvai ypdeiv (P. Ryl. 160 (a) 6) or els e(j.avri)v emypdifreiv (SB 5247. 22 sq.). The main difficulty lies in d7r[o]rd£ag6[ai]. Else where the formula has diroBovvai at this point: P . Ryl. 160 (a) 7 ; 310. 7 ; S B 5247. 22 sq. (write [xapd£]avn diro8tZvai). The editors of P . Ryl. ii took drrord^aadai, and therefore dwoSowai, to mean 'pay':
61
THE SAMBATHIONS
'I have ordered (the witnesses) . . . to pay the clerk.' This explanation is less well suited to S B 5247, and it seems more natural—on the analogy of S B 5246. 22—to take imreraxa TO -rrpos rcZ ypaio> together: 'I have ordered . . . the clerk to endorse (the document) and to . . . .' A suitable sense of dirooovvai is to hand: 'to return' the document after endorsement. B u t I have found no similar use of aTrordaaeadai, although it does often mean 'renounce' (Stephanus, Thes. s.v. col. 1724; Bauer, NT Wb. s.v.). This clause therefore remains obscure. The easiest solution, that of reading d7r[o]Tpp»'[ot] for d7r[o]To£og(?[ai], goes against the traces. 6. e.g. [ypdp.p.ara. (2nd hand) 'Epievs 17 2Jap.f$a6ia>vos firjrpos ©aa-fjros r)y]c6Aa.Ka. 7. e.g. [elSevai ypdp,p.ara. (ist hand ? 3rd hand ?) irpdais Kal diToaraaiov oi/cta? KOX TCS]V. 8. See 2 - 3 , note. The traces might represent eiTi]ypaTi [rd re]ipefip.ea>s pvqrpos — &(s) (ertov) — <j>aKOS fierivTrov dpiojrepa '. dfioitos implies that Thases had the same distinguishing mark as Herieus. 10. e.g. [rrjs diTooofievrjs Ilanais IJa. . arjovs d)(s) (ercov) - - - - «]af: T^S d7ro8op.ei>rjs as a t S B 5 47* 3 > or possibly TTJS 6p,oXoyova~qs as at P . Mich. 189. 21. 1 1 . [Kalaapos EefSaorov TepnaviKov AvroKpdropos I7a]xd)v (Tcherikover). P. J . P. 2
No. 484. A contract Karanis. 8-4 x 7 cm. P. Aberd. 54, F r . I (Turner).
Mid-first century A.D.
From this contract two fragments are extant: the first is complete only on its left side; the second is badly damaged on all sides. I give here the first fragment only since the name Sambathion does not occur in the second. N6[e]p[oj]v iyoj
/x^8e.[
T€ 'HpaKXeLCDL [
drravra xpovov VTT\_ KapavtSei §e/c[a] as Kal Tf[Aeact> (?) 5
Ktiov
p, ay[..
.]TTL[. . . ] . . . [
TCOV . . .yp.py€ov[.. [SJo/cet a\i)Tot\s [Uajp^adiojvos
,]ov..[ K[o]ivfj TOV
[.]./cat avTov TOV 10
[. .]as" TOV eirl
[ TrpoT€p[ov
6p,oXgy\ovvTa
TOV 'Hp&KXeiov
[
[... .]os aXXov d[XX\ojs rrpay[paT€vop€Vov [.. . ] 8 e . a 7r[dvJTa qKO X[0vd0JS (?)
(?)
Traces of one further line. (Translation.) . . . Nepheros nor . . . and I to Herakleios . . . all time . . . Karanis . . . ten which I shall pay . . . they agree jointly . . . of Sambathion the former. . . the acknowledging party himself . . . of the . . . against Herakleios . . . another . . . proceeding in another way ( ? ) . . . everything accordingly. . . .
1
62
S E C T I O N X I I I : NOS. 4 8 1 - 4 9 9
No. 48 c. A census return Hermoupolis Magna. 38 x 15 cm. P. H a m b . 60 (Meyer). L I T . : Hombert et Preaux, Recherches, 48 sq., 57 n. 6, 107 n. 3 .
7 - 1 oth December, A.D. 90.
A declaration of Pascheis, son of Kapais, an inhabitant of Hermoupolis Magna, mentioning all members of his family in connexion with a census return (the so-called Kar oiKiav a.TToyparj, here called KO.T' OIKIOV em/colons'). The declaration records six persons (the pater familias himself, his two sons, two daughters, and a grandson), but since in each case the names of fathers and mothers are given, the total number of the names of family-members reaches fourteen. Twelve of these fourteen names are Egyptian, one (AIOKOLS) is Greek, and one (ZapfiaOeios) is Hebrew. This document is one of the best instances showing the Sambathions in a purely Egyptian family environ ment. The following genealogical table may clear up the relationships within the family. 2a/j,f3a.detos 1
1
1
1 ^
Kanals 1
—XevavovTTis
1
1 ..
ApiraTJais
TiOoijs 1 Tavpwvs
1
1
.raaevs
AlOK&S
. . , ravapwovs
'Ivapcoovs
\ Taipabris
I ToOrjs
Sambatheios is the grandfather of the pater familias, hardly still alive. He might have been born about the beginning of the Christian era. It is worth noting that his name is still Sambathaios (here written Sambatheios), i.e. the form used in the Ptole maic period, and not Sambathion, as usual in Roman times. For the census in the Roman period (/car' OIKLOV a-noypa^ai) cf. especially Hombert et Preaux, Recherches sur le recensement dans I'Bgypte Romaine, 1 9 5 2 ; the abundant literature on this subject is quoted ibid. 4 0 ; see also here, Vol. I I , p. 2 1 7 . OTparrjyooL 'EppLo[TroXlrov] Kairairos rod EapLf$ade[iov O\TTO rrjs]
[ . . . . TJOJT 'IOVOTOJ[L\
[rrapa
./JACRJ^EFS'
['Eppio]v
7r6X(eoos) dvaypacf>op.evov
in*
dpL
[•WW], 5 [irrl rov] Xevavovrnos
rrjs ITao)(€iTos arad/xov r (J ry
lC0v
[p,epo(vs) oji/cta? /cat •yjp \ ' ]p' [aVdSoi/]
E7RT
Ka
*
1
€.K[TOV\
etcrdSou Kal i£68o[v /cat]
rod avrov dp,(f>6S(ov) iv rfj Xeyop,ivr) [
]
[.. . . ] t . aTToypd<j>opLai Kara rd KeXevodevra VTTO joy \_Kpa(TLGTOv)] rjyepbdvos Merriov 10 e7r[t/cp]tcrtv rov ivdrov rov [K~\yploy
(
Povov els
erovs Aopuriavov
TTJV /CAT* PT[/CTAV]
Kal[aapos]
THE
SAMBATHIONS
63
epavTov TOV 7Tp[oy€y]pappi€vov Tlaox^iS KaTrai\ros
TOV]
Uapftadelpv
prjTpos Xevavov7r(ios)
Ap7ra[rj]oiv
vlov pov TopvevTr)s prjTpos TavpoovTOS TTJS TL6OT)(TOS)
TTJS TJaox^TOS
(eTcov) . [.] (CTOJV)
[•;]. 15 'Ivap[co]ovv dXXov l\ar]p6v prjTpos TTJS avrrjs (CTCOV) K o(vXr)) pe[TOJ7r(oj)] VIOJV[OV]S TOV pev 'IvapcbovTos vlov ToOrjv py]\rp6s] Taipco\ri\v AIOKS,TOS [
]raaevv
[
]javapojovv
(erovs)
dvyarepa
a
(iroov) t£
dXXrjv (ZTCOV) tS
20 [/cat opjyvoji TT)V AvroKparopos [UefiaoTojv reppaviKov [77 a A A a j evyaia
TVXW
Kalaapos
KCLI pr) e^etv pe erepovs
[aAAovs* d]ya7roypd(f>[ov]s e£oj TOJV €i>o[pKovvTi
pe]y
poi
AopiTi[avov]
1
(H ^ virapxtw
(3rd hand)
vio[vs rjj
ev \_ei]rj, eiriopKovvTi
Se r d
ivq[vTia],
Ka]laapos
[AopiTiavov]
XpiaK ta o v
[
[o]li<[iav]
7rpoyeypappe[vojv]
25 (2nd hand) [erovs Se/edVou AvTOKpdrop]o\s \Zef$aaTo]v reppavi\Ko\v
poi
d^\po(hdpxf]s) €ox { )
£o~o(v) Se/caro>
(eVet)
A[o]pi-
Tiavo[v] TOV
Kvpl[o]v
prjvl
( 4 t h hand) [
Xoia\j< iS] ] 'IOVOTOS
r
OTpq{rr)y6s) Ep(poTroXlTov) Sid
Xaipr]povos
[ea o(v)] X
3 ° [tcro(f)]. ( 5 t h hand) ATTOXXOJVIOS fiaoiXiKos 'Eplp^TroXiTOv)]
[ecr^ojv IGOV Se/caVa>t eret AopiTiq[vov [et]?
St' Axi>AAecp[s]
TOV] Kvpiov Xpi(aK) tS
££(eTaoiv).
2. IJaaxetTOS (edit.). 4. (Karayivofievovy irrl. . . (edit.). I I . Ilaaxetra vevrijv; inserted above the line, as well as larpov (1. 14) and vlov (1. 15) (edit.). 16. Ta<j>u>rios (edit.).
(edit.). 13. rop15. vlcovdv (edit.).
(Translation.) T o . . . Justos, strategos of the Hermopolite nome: from Pascheis, son of Kapais and grandson of Sambatheios, a Hermopolitan, registered in the quarter of Hermoupolis West at lodgings owned by Chenanoupis daughter of Pascheis, being a sixth share of a house, and furnishings and entry and egress and ascent, in the same quarter at the so-called . . . . I n accordance with the orders of the most excellent prefect Mettius Rufus, I declare, for the house-byhouse survey of the ninth year of Domitianus Caesar the lord: myself, the above-mentioned Pascheis, son of Kapais and grandson of Sam batheios, mother Chenanoupis daughter of Pascheis: . . . years old. Harpaesis my son, a turner, mother Taurous daughter of T i t h o e s : . . . years old. Inarous another son, a doctor, mother the same : 20 years old, a scar on the forehead. grandchildren: a son of Inarous, Tothes, mother Tapsotis daughter of Diskas: 1 year old. . . . taseus my daughter: 17 years old.
6
S E C T I O N X I I I : NOS. 4 8 1 - 4 9 9
4
. . . tanarous another daughter: 14 years old. And I swear b y the Tyche of Imperator Caesar Domitianus Augustus Germanicus that there is no house or other landed property belonging to me, and that I have no other sons or anyone else undeclared apart from those mentioned above. May things be well with me if I swear truly, and the reverse if I swear falsely. (2nd hand) Tenth year of Imperator Caesar Domitianus Augustus Germanicus, Choiak 1 1 . (3rd hand) I , . " . ., amphodarches, have received a duplicate in the tenth year of Domitianus the lord, month Choiak 14. (4th hand) I , . . . Justos, strategos of the Hermopolite nome, have received a duplicate through Chairemon. (5th hand) I, Apollonios, royal (scribe) of the Hermopolite nome, have received a duplicate through Achilleus in the tenth year of Domitianus the lord, Choiak 14, for examination. 2. The spelling EapfiadeZos instead of Zafifiadatos is unusual. The word occurs twice in the papyrus (cf. 1.12) and in both cases its ending seems to be damaged. So the correct reading, after all, may be 2afj.fla.0a.ios.
No. 486. From private letters of a Roman officer The preceding document has shown us a Sambathaios as a member of a genuine Egyptian family; the present fragments of two private letters from Karanis take us into a different environment. Julius ApoUinarius, the author of three letters P. Mich. 465 (to his mother), 466 (to his father), and 487 (to his brother) (cf. also 486), was a Roman soldier having the rank of principalis and librarius legionis. In A.D. 107 he was stationed with his legion in Bostra (P. Mich. 4 6 6 ) ; at another time we find him visiting Rome (ibid. 487). Roman military technical terms occur frequently in his letters; all his friends in the legion bear high-sounding Roman names (Volusius, Valerius, Sempronius, etc.). The names used in his own family reveal a peculiar mixture of Greek, Roman, and Egyptian names: Julius Sabinus, his father; Tasoucharion, his mother; Julia and Sarapias, his sisters; Sempronius, his brother. It was, no doubt, a Graeco-Egyptian family to which Roman citizenship has been granted as a conse quence of the military service of its members in the Roman army. It is of great interest to note that the grandmother of ApoUinarius (we cannot know whether on the side of the father or of the mother) was called Sambathion. The pagan character of the family is attested by the casual mentioning of Sarapis and 'the gods'.
No. 486a Karanis. P . Mich. 465 (Winter and Youtie).
io/2oth February, A.D. 107.
From the letter of ApoUinarius to his mother Tasoucharion. 38 40
dcrJTrd^ov 'IovXiav, Eapamdha rr)v \jKvpiav a\SeX(f)ijv, rr)v pudpLav Uapifiadiv, [ ] . . . "EpeoTCt, IlroXepLaLov rov puKpov, [ ] . . . TOV dheX
THE
SAMBATHIONS
[rd re/c]ra avrwv, Berrjv Aeiov [
] 77roAe/za[. . ] .
65
TITOXXOV
IJTOXXOVV.
(Translation.) Greet J u l i a ; Sarapias my lady sister; my grandmother Sam bathion; . . . E r o s ; little Ptolemaios; my brother . . ., Ammonous and their children; Betes, Dios, Ptollas, . . . Ptolema . . ., Ptollous. 39. 27a/*/Ja0i, as in No. 486 b, 1. 77.
No. 486Z) Karanis. P . Mich. 466 (Winter and Youtie).
26th March, A.D. 107.
From the letter of Apolhnarius to his father Julius Sabinus. 5
doTrd^ov IovXlav rrjv Kvpiav 43 (JLOV dSeXfirjv, 6p,oloos EapamdSa Kal r\rj\v p,rjrepav, rr)v p,dp,av EapL^ddcov, Oeppuovdiv Kal rd TeKva avrrjs, 45
TOV rrarepa
IJaKKcov Kal rravras
TOVS KoXXrjyas crov Kar
6Vo/xa Kal TOVS ev OI'KOOL. 43. 1.
firjrepa.
(Translation.) Greet J u l i a my lady sister; also Sarapias and my mother; my grandmother Sambathion; Thermouthis and her children; Pakkios' father; and all your colleagues, each b y name, and those who are in the house.
N o . 487. A notification o f death Karanis. 15 x 9-5 cm. Boak, Ann. d. Serv. xxix, 1929, 49 sq., no. 2.
A.D. 1 1 2 . S B 7359.
Sambas, an inhabitant of the village Karanis, informs the village scribe Ptolemaios about the death of his father, Pakysis. The document is included in the C.P.Jud. not because of the name Sambas, but because of the name of the grandmother of Sambas, Sambathion (here spelled Sampathion). It is, nevertheless, of some importance to note that both names occur in the same family. The names of other family members point again, as in No. 4 8 5 , to a purely Egyptian family. For notifications of death cf. Montevecchi, Aeg. xxvi, 1946, 1 1 1 sqq.; P. Merton I, no. 9 , I I , no. 84, introductions; Taubenschlag , 644 n. 1 2 9 . Cf. No. 4 2 7 . 2
5
JTroAe/xatO) KCop,oypa(pLpLaTei) Kapavihos rrapa Eap,f$aTov HaKvaios TOV TieravTos pfqijpbs) TKVTLOS TOOV arro rrjs rrpoKcp,evrjs Kobp/iqs Kapavihos' 6 rrpoyeypapuevos p^ov TraTr)p IlaKvois IleTavros TOV Tecoros purj(Tp6s) Eap.Trqd\Lov\ virrjpeTrjs drToXeXvpievos Trjs XaoF
S E C T I O N X I I I : NOS. 4 8 1 - 4 9 9
66
ypa<j>las irrl rrjs avrrjs Kojprjs Aevrrjoev 10
rep
ABvp
p,r)vt
rov
ire-
evearco-
TOS ie (erovs) AvroKpdropos Kalaapos Nepovas Tpacavov Heftaorov reppaviKov AaKiKov. Sto irr&lhojp,L TO VTropLvrjpa, OTTOJS rayfj avrov TO ovopa iv rfj rwv rereXevrrjKorojv rd£i. Kar€xoj(plo6r)) KOjp,oyp(apparei) r\e]r€X€y\r]ri(K€vai).
15
4—5. 1. rrpoyeypap.p.evos.
7*
vnepeTTJs.
(Translation.) To Ptolemaios, village-scribe of Karanis, from Sambas, son of Pakysis and grandson of Petaus, mother Tkytis, of the above-mentioned village of Karanis. My aforesaid father Pakysis, son of Petaus and grandson of Teos, mother Sambathion, who had been released from the poll-tax in the same village as being over-age, died in the month Hathyr of the present 15th year of Imperator Caesar Nerva Traianus Augustus Germanicus Dacicus. Therefore I hand in this memorial, so that his name may be listed in the list of deceased persons. Death filed with the village scribe. 6. Hap.7rad((as) edit. B u t the usual form is EafifSaOiov, not Eap.fia.dia. F o r the spelling Eapmadiov cf. No. 499. 7. VITTJPET^s (for vnepeT-qs), i.e. above 60 or 62 years old.
N o . 488. A deed o f loan Karanis. 22^2 x 14-6 cm. 19th August, A.D. 126. P. Cornell 7 (Westermann and Kraemer). Cf. BL ii. 2. 46. L I T . : Schubart, Gnomon iii, 1927, 553. M. Norsa ap. Vitelli, Studi ital. di fit. class., N . s . v, 1926, 6. Taubenschlag , 288 n. 80. Weber, Untersuchungen zum grdko-dgyptischen Obligationenreckt, 141 sq. 2
A deed of loan in form of a homologia between two ladies, Tapatheus and Sam bathion, the former having received from the latter a loan of 382 drachmai of silver. Fruits to be gathered from an olive-grove will serve in lieu of the interest. The father of Sambathion bears a Greek name, Heras; her husband's nomenclature is purely Egyptian. The last four lines of the papyrus, bearing on another subject, are omitted here.
5
L (erovs) Tpaiavov avov K[aiaap\os rod pLrjvos Katoapelov /ce iv Kap(avlhi). 6poX(oyel) Tarredevs TIaaoKVOTralov rod A i8vp,tcovos Zapfiadicp 'Hpdros perd Kvpiov rov dvopos TleKprjtros rov &arjpp(tos) XP ) ^ ~ KOV dpy(vpiov) (Spaxpas) rrr^ Ka[l] dvrl ru>v 7 <XLV
VTO
Kvplo(v)
67
THE SAMBATHIONS TOVTCOV TOKCOV crvyxcopet
Kap7T(it,€a9ai)
TTJ(V) Uapu Sd9i(ov) Trepi
Wevapipzvrjoiv
l
10
eAcucovos (dpovprjs) (riraprov)
ei
\hix?
od drroSv TO
7rpoK€LpLevov K€(j)dXaiov. 1
10. 1. fiexP -
!•
OLTTOSO).
(Translation.) Y e a r 10 of Traianus Hadrianus Caesar the lord, month Kaisareios 25. At Karanis. Tapetheus, daughter of Pasoknopaios and granddaughter of Didymion, acknowledges to Sambathion daughter of Heras, under the guardianship of her husband Pekmeis son of Phaermis, a loan-with-interest of 382 silver drachmai; and in lieu of interest on this money she concedes that Sambathion should gather the fruits of a J-aroura of olive-grove around Psenarpsenesis until she (Tapetheus) returns the above-mentioned capital sum.
N o . 489. Lists from Theadelpheia The following lines are quoted from the long lists of tax-payers of Theadelpheia published in P. Columbia I I and BGU ix. Most of the payments are for the laographia; but other taxes are also mentioned. There are no Hebrew names in the lists except Sambathion. No.
489a
Theadelpheia. P. Col. I , recto 2 (Columbia Papyri, vol. ii, Westermann and Keyes).
A.D. 128-9.
A list of tax-payers of the laographia and other taxes, such as the dyke-tax, river-tax, various guard-taxes, &c. Occasionally the pig-tax (viK-q) is recorded. Col. I l l 26
Eapq7Ticp\y. .].orAou TOV 2Japa7Tia)v[os
27
T[parr(
)]
0ato(i) e[i>r(
7roT(apLO<J)vAaKtSoov).
pLrjTJpos EapifSadlov
) — ( 8 / 0 . ) ] 77
Advp
A—(8/0.)
(St^aAfC.) heo(pLO(f>vAdKcov)
8 Xol(ax)
(coAovAdKCOv) orTaT(icovos)] TV/3L 4VT( €VT( 28
) 7)
0[api]ev(d)6) IIaxd)V
ivj(
8/zayS[Mex(etp)
(8/3.) 8
) s' [ ( 8 / 0 . ) ] 8 @apfiov9(i)
A—(8/>.) 8 IIay[vi
Aoyov) 1—(8/0.)
i9—(8/0.)
) 18 (8/0.) 8
p,€T(d Aoyov) e—(hp.)
/z€T(a Aoyov)—(8/3.)]
8 M€Oo(pr)) p,eT(d
Aoyov) 7 7 — 7 r e (
8 'Enelcf) )
8
p,eT(d
vC(Kr]v)
Col. I V 13
Eapairlcov] drr droop pirjTpos UafMfSa9l[o]y
14
Tpam(
) &apt,e]voo9 eVr(
) i9[—](8/o.)
ts* [&a\pp,ov9(i)
ivr(
)
68
S E C T I O N X I I I : NOS. 4 8 1 - 4 9 9 a (8p.) 8 (SIXCLXKOV) Sear(po(f>vXdKOJv) 7Tor(apo(j)vAaKLOwv) K[ ] — ( 8 / 3 . ) rj [TI]avvL
fJL€T(a Xoyov) y (op.)
9
E7r]€l[ / x ] e T ( d Xoyov) rj—(8/>.)
iS
vXaKcov) grar(i<x)Vos),
t]
Ilaxojv
..
f], payS(coXoMeoo[pr).] ne(
) V\LK]TJ(V)
Col. V 4
ULOOLS rieT€ppovd(
) rov Mappeiovs
[p,]r)Tpds
Eqfiddios.
(Translation.) (Col. I l l ) Sarapion, son of . . . silos and grandson of Sarapion, mother Sambathion. Bank-payment. P h a o p h i . . . : 8 dr. 2 chalk., t a x for prisonguards, for river patrol-boat. (Hathyr 30: 4 dr. Choiak 1 9 : 4 dr., t a x for towerguards, for guard-post. T y b i . . . 14: 4 dr.) Mecheir . . . 8 : 4 dr. Phamenoth . . . 6: 4 dr. P h a r m o u t h i . . . 5 : 4 dr. Pachon 30: (4 dr. P a y n i . . . : 4 dr. Epeiph . . . 10: 4 dr.) Mesore . . . 8 : . . . pig-tax. (Col. I V ) Sarapion, fatherless, mother Sambathion. Bank-payment. Phamenoth . . . 1 9 : 16 dr. Pharmouthi . . . 1 : 4 dr. 2 chalk., t a x for prison-guards, for river patrol-boat. Pachon 2 : 8 dr. P a y n i . . . 3 : 8 dr. Epeiph . . . 8 : 8 dr., t a x for towerguards, for guard-post. Mesore . . . pig-tax. (Col. V) Sisois, son of Petermouth . . . and grandson of Marres, mother Sambathion. Col. I l l , 1. 2 7 : for the meaning of r[pair{)] cf. P . Col. v, pp. 1 1 4 sq.; for i[vr()] and /ier(d Xoyov) cf. P . Mich, vi, p. 68. Col. I l l , 11. 28 sqq., cf. Col. IV, 11.13 sq. According to Wallace, p. 144, the viKrj was imposed on every person paying the poll-tax. If this observation is correct, the payment of VCKI} by the sons of women named Sambathion cannot serve as a proof of his being a non-Jew (cf. above, Introduction, p. 43). Y e t the ui'/cif occurs rather rarely in our documents in comparison with such capitation taxes as fSaXavevTLKov, XCO^O-TIKOV, and the like. So it does not seem that it was imposed on everyone, but, probably, on pig owners, swineherds, and the like. Col. IV, 1. 13. Za/xj5a0t[o]? (edit.). The same man in 489 b 1. 3 , 489 c 1. 306, 489 d 1. 32. Col. V, 1. 4. Probably Sa^y^aBiov.
N o . 489Z) Theadelpheia.
A.D. 1 3 4 - 5 .
P. Col. I , recto la and ib (Westermann and Keyes).
A list of tax-payers of laographia
(8 drachmai) and other taxes.
Recto i a , Col. I I 3
v
J IJapa7TLOj[v
d^Trdroop
pr)T(pos)
ZapfiqBiov
(opoicos) r)
Recto i a , Col. V I I 5 K
I
'HpaKArjs (6p,oLCos)
IIa7TOVTCo(Tos)
rj
rov
'HpaK(
)
pT)(Tpos)
Hapftad(iov)
(hixo-AKOv) p.ay(SojXovXdi
vXaKiScov) <j>vX(dKcov)
iroT(ap.o-
THE
SAMBATHIONS
69
Recto i b , Col. I l l 6 iy J 'ETTI/JLGLXOS Tervro(
) rov
'ETTipidx(ov)
pLr}(rpos)
EapLf$ar(iov)
(ofXOLCDs) 8
12 K j 'HpaKXrjs IJa7rovroor(os)
rov
['H]pqi<(
) pirj(rp6s) UapLfSqdtov
(ofJLOLOJs) 8
Recto i b , Col. V 14 jits' /
TIroXXds IJaveaveoos (opboloos) 7)
ro(v)
IIve(epcoros)
pir)r(pds)
UapL/Qadfov)
(Translation.) 50. Sarapion, fatherless, mother Sambathion: likewise 8 (dr.). 20. Herakles, son of Papontos and grandson of H e r a k . . . , mother Sambathion: likewise 8 (dr.) 2 chalk., t a x for tower-guards, for prison-guards, for river patrol-boat, for guards. 13. Epimachos, son of Tetyto . . . and grandson of Epimachos, mother Sam bathion : likewise 4 (dr.) 20. Herakles, son of Papontos and grandson of H e r a k . . . , mother Sambathion: likewise 4 (dr.). 46. Ptollas, son of Panesneus and grandson of Pnepheros, mother Sambathion: likewise 8 (dr.). The numbers at the beginning of the lines are accompanied by an oblique stroke showing that the line had been checked by an official. Recto 1 a, Col. V I I : the same man in Recto 1 b, Col. I l l and in 489 c 1. 198, 489 d 1. 32.
No. 489c Theadelpheia. BGU 1891 (Kortenbeutel).
A.D. 134.
A list of payers of various taxes. Col. V I I 198 Ka I *HpaK\rjs
TIa7Tovro)(ros)
x(oopearIKOV)
<
ro(v)
Hpat<(
pLay(8coAovAdKcov)
) pt,r)(rpds)
h€a(p,o<j>vAaKcov)
£ap,f$ad(Lov)
77
7To(rap,ovAaKi&ajv)
o(rarLcbvos)
Col. V I I I 230
A8 / 'Op aevovcf)LS x{copiarLKOv) a(raricovos)
"Qpov
rov
'Opo€vo(vcf>€ojs)
pLay(hcoAo<j>vAdKtov)
pir](rp6s)
hea(pLOvAdKcov)
[^apL^aOtov
77
TTo(rap,o
(f>vA(dKa>v)
Col. I X 2 6 7 ^ / IIv€(f>€poos x(oop,arLKov)
a{raria)vos)
IIav€av€Oj(s)
ro(v)
p,ay(8coAo(f)vAdK£ov)
IIve^)€(pcoros)
pir](rp6s) EapLf$a6(Lov)
17
8ecr(jLto0i»Aa/ca)v) 7ro(rapuo(f>vAaKL8o)v)
S E C T I O N X I I I : NOS. 4 8 1 - 4 9 9
70
Col. X 306 vy J Eapairicov dirdrcop p,rjrp6(s) EapfiaOLov rj pay(8coXovXdKcov) oeo(povXOLKCOV) 7To(rapo(f)v\
a(raTiwvos)
(Translation.) 2 1 . Herakles, son of Papontos and grandson of Herak . . ., mother Sambathion: 8 (dr.), t a x for dykes, for tower-guards, for prison-guards, for river patrol-boat, for guard-post. 34. Orsenouphis, son of Horos and grandson of Orsenouphis, mother Sam bathion: 8 (dr.), t a x for dykes, for tower-guards, for prison-guards, for river patrol-boat, for guard-post, for guards. 46. Pnepheros, son of Panesneus and grandson of Pnepheros, mother Sam bathion: 8 (dr.), t a x for dykes, for tower-guards, for prison-guards, for river patrol-boat, for guard-post. 53. Sarapion, fatherless, mother Sambathion: 8 (dr.), t a x for tower-guards, for prison-guards, for river patrol-boat, for guard-post. Col. I X , 1. 267. 77ve^epd>? is the brother of nroXX&s in recto 1 b, col. V.
No.
489J
Theadelpheia. P. Col. I , recto 3 , col. I l l (Westermann and Keyes).
A.D. 135-45 (?)
A list of persons paying the same taxes as in No. 4 8 9 a . 2
3 'HpaKArj]s
TIa7ToyTCJLi(ros)
[rod *HpaK(
) pL7)]r(p6s)
) 0aco(cf)i) Advp (opaxpds)
33 Tpa\n(
rj (Si^aA/cov) [pay(ScoXo(f>vXaKcov)
o€cr(povXdKoov) 7To\j(apo^>vXaKL6cov) Aopiavov 34 Tv]fS(i)
(Spq^pqs)
i[fS] Mex(€Lp)
Eapfia9(lov)
(opaxpds)
(opaxpds)
jj
t] &[
(Translation.) Herakles, son of Papontos and grandson of Herak . . . , mother Sambathion. Bank-payment. Phaophi, H a t h y r : 8 dr. 2 chalk., t a x for towerguards, for prison-guards, for river patrol-boat. Hadrianos: 8 dr. T y b i : 12 dr. Mecheir: 8 dr. Ph(armouthi . . . ) . No.
489c
Theadelpheia. P. Col. I, recto 4 (Westermann and Keyes).
A.D. 155.
A list of persons (guards, policemen, and the like) who received payment through the bank of Sabinus and Company in Theadelpheia. The man below is a policeman. Col. I I ilZcojqs 14 [
[..]...
ro(v) Uap^ar(icovos)
]oas cos (ircov) K (OVXTJ)
py](rp6s)
p€TOJ7r(cp)
(Translation.) Sotas, son of . . . and grandson of Sambathion, mother . . . : 20 years old, scar on the forehead. It is not clear whether 1. 14 refers to the same person as 1. 1 3 .
THE SAMBATHIONS
71
No. 4 8 9 / Theadelpheia. A.D. 164-5. SB 7195-6. K . Thunell, Sitologenpapyri aus dem Berliner Mus., 1924, nos. 3 - 4 . Cf. T. Kalen, Berliner Leihgabe griech. Pap., 1932, nos. 3 - 4 .
A list of landowners paying taxes in kind to the sitologoi of Theadelpheia. S B 7195, Col. I 13 8 Apoivoi) r) Kal Uap^dd(IOV)
*Epplo(v) (Trvpov dprdfiai)
6 s'/cS
S B 7196, Col. V I I I , verso 22 IJaTrovTcos £q@@qTLOj(vos)
4
0e(aBeX(f)elas) $r)(pocrlcov) (rrvpov dprdfiaC) ys '
(Translation.) 4 . Arsinoe also called Sambathion, daughter of Hermias: 9^ artabai of wheat. Papontos son of Sambathion: from Theadelpheia: t a x on state farmers: 31 artabai of wheat. orifioalwv is a t a x imposed on Brjfioaioi yewpyol (Kalen, 92 sq.).
No. 489^ Theadelpheia. B G U 1896 (Kortenbeutel).
c. A . D . 166.
A list of owners of vineyards and orchards followed by information concerning the size of the cultivated areas and the taxes imposed on them. Col. X 240 v(avfilov?) K(ar)oi(KOJv) els 'HpojS(r)v) 241 Hpqi<( ) K(ar)oi(Koov) (dpovprjs) (r)plaovs), K a l els 'HpooL Aeovros K(ar)ol(Koov) (dpovpcbv) y, K a l arro OvaXeplo(v) drro Avcn(paxloos) els 'PoSovv 242 (2nd hand) rr)v Kal Uapl3d6io(v) *Epplo(v) /c(ar)o[t(/ccov)] (dpovprjs) a, Kal <
'Hpcoi Aeovr(os)
K(ar)ol(Koov)
(dpovprjs) a . Col. X I I
274 (2nd hand) v(avfilov?) els Xaipr)(pova) r)fi' K a l £apf$dd(,o(v) AioS(
Axd&£Oj(s) K(ar)ol(KOJv) ) K(ar)ol(Kcov) (dpovpcov)
(dpovpcov) fi.
(Translation.) Dyke-labour t a x on katoikic land, to Herodes son of Herak for a ^-aroura of katoikic land; and to Heros daughter of Leon, for 3 arourai of katoikic land; and from Valerius of Lysimachis to Rhodous (2nd hand) also called Sambathion, daughter of Hermias, for 1 aroura of katoikic land; and to Heros daughter of Leon, for 1 aroura of katoikic land. (2nd hand) Dyke-labour tax, to Chairemon son of Achilleus, for 8 | arourai of K(a.T)ot(Ka>v) probably means that the land has once been a military holding. Avaifiaxls: a village in the F a y u m ; cf. P. Tebt. I I , p. 387. els preceding the names of the landowners has perhaps the meaning of 'for the account of another person'.
72
S E C T I O N X I I I : NOS. 4 8 1 - 4 9 9
katoikic land; and Sambathion daughter of Diod . . ., for 2 arourai of katoikic land. No.
489/j
Theadelpheia. B G U 1897a (Kortenbeutel).
c. A.D. 166
A list of arrears to be paid by the landowners for vavfiiov
KCLTOIKCOV
Kal ivafaatcov.
Col. I I f
Po8o[{fc rj] Kal Uap.f8dd(cov) Ad[r)vico(vos) . . ] . € . K(ar)oi(Koov)
(dpovprjs) a
(Translation.) Rhodous also called Sambathion, daughter of Athenion . . . : for 1 aroura of katoikic land. M[r)vta>(vos . . ) ] conjecturally restored from No. 489 i: a.[ the Rhodous of 489 g 11. 241-2 is at least equally probable.
No.
] edit., but an identification with
489i
Theadelpheia. BGU 1898 (Kortenbeutel).
A.D. 172.
A list of persons paying an unspecified tax. Col. X I I I (2nd hand) 'PoSca r) Kal Uapb^[d]6(cov) (Translation.)
A9r]vico(vos)
Rhodia also called Sambathion, daughter of Athenion . . . .
N o . 4 9 0 . A sale o f a Phrygian slave girl Side in Pamphylia. 8th July, A.D. 1 5 1 . BGU 887 (Schubart). M. Chr. 272 (11. 12-20). Arangio-Ruiz, Forties juris Romani anteiustiniani iii, 1943, no. 133. Cf. BL iii. 15. L I T . : Wilcken, Arch. 1. 556. B r y , Essai sur la vente dans les papyrus, 109 n. 5. Berger, Die Strafklauseln in den Papyrusurkunden, i4osqq. Kreller, Erbrechtliche Untersuchungen, 299 n. 17. Westermann, RE Supp. vi, Sklaverei coll. 1003 sqq. Youtie, HTR xxxvii, 1944, 212 n. 17. Pringsheim, The Greek Law of Sale, n o n. 2, 170 n. 10, 195 n. 5, 224 n. 3 , 438 n. 4, 439 n. 2, 469 sq., 485 n. 6, 489 n. 6, 490, 490 n. 4, n. 6, 491 n. 6, 493 n. 4. 3
This very interesting document contains a deed of sale between L. Julius Protoktetus, the seller, and Artemidoros, son of Kaisios, of Alexandria, the purchaser. The object of the sale is a Phrygian female slave, Sambatis, whose name has been changed to Athenais. Since the deed as such has no connexion with the purpose of C.P.Jud., I quote here only those lines in which Sambatis is recorded, i.e. 11. 1 - 4 and 3 1 (11. 1 2 - 1 5 contain an exact reiteration of 11. 1 - 4 ) . [Ee^arcp KOVIVTLALGO Ma|]tjLto> Kal ZegarTto [K]gyiVTiAicp ri]p6 r\ etScov 'lovALoov iv -ZV'S^, irrl Srjpuovpyov [
avcp V7TaTo[is lepeats
] KOV ArjpuoveLKov Mypov p,r)vos ITavrjpLov gi. AprepLLBojpos KaioLov AAetjavSpcvs iTrpiaro
iv
dyopa
THE
SAMBATHIONS
73
i
3 [Trapd AOVKLOV IovXiov] TIpcoTOKTryrov Kopdaiov Eapfiarlha rr)v p,€Tovop,acrdeioav AdrjvatSa rj el TLVL erepop ovopari /caAetrat, yevei 0pvytav, cos e4 [TCOV SeKaSvo, TLprjs dpy]vptov (Srjvaptcov) TV, fiefiaiovvros Kal rfj lolq TTtareL KeAevovfrojs 'Eppelov 'H<j>atora. 31 (6th hand) ApTep[i]Scopos Ka{i)aiov 6 rrpoy€ypappev[os] .[.].a. .[".]... SovXrjs HapfiarLoos perovopaaOeia-qs A6rjvat8[o]s . . . [oeKJaSyp 7r[e]77-paarai (Translation.) In the consulship of Sextus Quintilius Maximus and Sextus Quintilius Condianus, 8th day before the Ides of J u l y , at Side, when the priest of . . . Demonikos son of Myros was demiourgos, 16th of the month Panemos. Artemidoros son of Kaisios, an Alexandrian, has bought from Lucius Julius Protoktetus, in the market, a girl, Sambatis renamed Athenais or whatever other name she may be called by, a Phrygian by race, 12 years old, for a price of 350 silver denarii. Hermias son of Hephaistas confirms (the transaction) and bids it take place on his own guarantee. Artemidoros son of Kaisios, above-mentioned . . . of the slave Sambatis re named Athenais . . . 12 (years) . . . to have been sold. . . . i . w ' r c f . 1.12 : rrpo 6y[8oo]v. 2. F o r ft cf. 1. 1 3 : e£ /ca[l] SfeJ/cdr^s. 3. rj ci rtvi irepa) ovopari xakeirai written above the line; in 11. 14 sq. the same words are written in the line. 3. The regular formula for 'otherwise called' is 6 xai or imKaXovpievos. The word p.erovop,ao6eioa here implies that the name of Sambatis has been deliberately changed to Athenais. Wilcken connects the name Athenais with the temple of Athena in Side mentioned by Strabo 14,667 (cf. above Introduction, pp. 45 sq.). According to Youtie, Sambatis was named after the Jewish Sibyl Sambethe, and he calls attention to the 'curious coincidence that both Sambethe and Athenais are the names of sibyls'. Y e t it is, indeed, no more than a curious coincidence, since we cannot find any plausible reason why the maid should be named only after sibyls. It is more likely that the maid, called by her parents (or her previous masters) Sambatis because they were observers of Sabbath, got a new name from her new masters because they had nothing to do with the Sabbath and Sabbath-observance (cf. above, Introduction, p. 46 and note 1 ) . 4. Seicaovo restored by Arangio-Ruiz. 3 1 . perhaps
N o . 4 9 1 . An application for lease Fayum. 2 3 x 9 - 5 cm. 28th September, A.D. 157. BGU 166 (Krebs). Cf. BL i. 23. L I T . : Waszynski, Bodenpacht, 172. Weber, Untersuchungen zumgrdko-dgyptischen Obligationenrecht, 115 n. 3. J . Herrmann, Studien zur Bodenpacht im Recht der graeco-dgyptischen Papyri, 32, 33 n. 1 , 77 n. 3 , 114 n. 1 , 265. Kalen, Berl. Leihg. 115 sq. Wallace, Taxation, 42 sq.
An application for lease of 6 arourai made by two persons (obviously peasants), the father of one of them being a Sambathion. 'HpaKArjs WevoftdoTis K a l Aecos IJedeoos irapd EoKpaqvecps TOV UoKprjvecos K a l Arprjs Uap,fia9icovos ol Svo. fiovXopeOa
S E C T I O N X I I I : NOS. 4 8 1 - 4 9 9
74
puodcboaoO'at 7rap* VJJLOOV e/c rrjs 5
ts* KXrjpov^cas) rrepl TO as yecopyelrai
ev coypLOLS hval els arropav
xoprov
/cat KOTrfjs rov /ca (erovs)
Avrcovivov
Kaioapos IO
Erpdrcovos
dpovpas e£ (dpovpas) s"
rod Kvpiov avrt rcov Sri/xoat-
a>v iravroov x a j p t ? ^aA/ctvcuv oXerpa>v ovroov irpbs
rovs
rrepl 'HpaKXrjv /cat Zlefov, edv alvr)rai piLodcooai, errl rots TTpo/cet/xevot? rrdai. (erovs) /ca Avra)vivov &aw a I. 'HpaxXei and Aeiay. 7. oyfiois.
Kai\aapos
rod
Kvpiov\.
[ 1 - 2 . The text according to BL.
] 6. as BL. 1. yeaipyeire.
(Translation.) T o Herakles son of Psenobastis, and Dios son of Petheus, from Sokmenis son of Sokmenis, and Hatres son of Sambathion, the two of them. W e wish to lease from you the six arourai, 6 arourai, which you farm in two strips around Straton's, being part of the 16th kleruchy, with a view to the sowing and cutting of hay in the 21st year of Antoninus Caesar the lord: in return we shall pay all the public dues, except the transport-charges in money, which fall on the party of Herakles and Dios: if it is decided to grant the lease on all the above-mentioned conditions. Y e a r 21 of Antoninus Caesar the lord, Phaophi 1.
N o . 4 9 2 . T a x rolls from Karanis Karanis. A.D. 1 7 1 - 4 . P . Mich. IV, Part I , nos. 223, 224, 225 (Youtie). P a r t I I , nos. 358, 359, 361,362 (Pearl and Youtie). P . Mich. inv. 2940 in Chron. aVE\g. xxviii, 1953, 335 (Pearl) ( = no. 18).
The tax rolls from Karanis contain an interminable list ('longer than the Odyssey and almost as long as the Iliad', to quote the editor, H. C. Youtie) of village tax-payers whose names return periodically according to the payments of the taxes at fixed times. Each tax-payer is designated as usual by his name and by the names of his father, grandfather, and mother. Almost all the names are Egyptian, few names are Greek. The only Jewish name is Sambathion. Since the writing of the same names reveals only small differences which are of no importance for our purpose, I abstain from quoting the name of the same person each time it appears in the list (and in some cases the same name appears more than twenty times). I give the name of each tax payer only once and omit the brackets for abbreviations and restorations. All the names are arranged alphabetically. Among fourteen persons called Sambathion, eight are females (Ea^ddtov), five are males (Uafx^adliov) of the last generation (grand fathers, probably no longer alive), and only one is a father of a tax-payer (cf. com mentary). There are no Sambathions among the tax-payers themselves. So we may reconstruct a rather interesting line of development. The first generation, born before
THE
SAMBATHIONS
75
A.D. 115, does not abhor the name Sambathion, either for men or for women (true, we have no instances of women of the first generation called Za^dBiov; but the reason for this may simply be that the names of the grandmothers were not recorded in official documents); the second generation, born A.D. 110-30, retains the names for females only, with rare exceptions for the males; the third generation has no males called Sambathion, and we have no means of establishing whether there were women so called. The general picture is that of a slow disappearance of the Sambathions. I add (no. 1 8 ) a census-declaration from the same place of a slightly earlier period (A.D. 1 4 6 - 7 ) . 1
ApTrayddrjs Uara^ovros
TOV Ayxojeojs prjTpos
EapfiaQiov
Part I, no. 223: 47, 468, 581, 948,1099, 1759, 3466; no. 224: 124, 378, 627, 947, 1485, 2377, 2589, 3120, 3365, 4 3 1 1 , 4747, 5106; no. 225: 27, 523, 1580, 2040. Part I I , no. 358c, 32( ? ) ; 359A, 37.
2
ApTrayddrjs EaTafiovTos TOV "Qpov p,rjTpos
Eapfiadlov
Part I, no. 223: 764.
3
AprraXos Kdvios
TOV Ap(f>aijo€cos pbrjTpos Uapj3a0iov
Part I, no. 223: 298, 1433, 1796; no. 224: (1730).
4
"Hpcov Il€Kpr)iTos
dvd* ov Evprjpovos
prjTpos
Eapftadiov
Part I, no. 223: 227,460,3369 ( ? ) ; no. 224: 1007, 2667, 3090,3337, 4547, 5094; no. 225: 141, 305, 2785* 3324- Part I I , no. 3 5 8 D , 14. 5
"Hpoov
TleKprjiTos
TOV
Evprjpovos
EapfiaOiov
prjTpos
Part I, no. 223: 2190.
6
"Hpcov Evprjjxovos dvd* (oS) TleKpij^LTds)
prjTpos
Eapfiadtov
Part I, no. 223: 3 1 1 8 . 7
Mdpcov TlToXepacov
TOV
SapfiadLcovos
prjTpos
TaaevTos
Part I , no. 223: 1 3 1 2 ; no. 224: 8, 3 1 2 , 1099, 2168, 3250, 4472, 5739; no. 2 2 5 : 273, 1239, 1552, 2148, 2588, 2774. Part I I , no. 361A, 5, 19, 28. 8
MvoOrjs Tefiepetos
TOV
EapfiaOioovos
prjTpos
'IoiScopas
Part I, no. 2 2 3 : 10, 455, 745, 1 3 3 3 ; no. 224: 275, 463, 806, 1940, 2587, 2881, 3338, 4308, 4740; no. 2 2 5 : 736, 1574, 2499, 2932. Part I I , no. 3 5 8 E , n . 9
Flaoioov Iledeojs
TOV
Uap^aducovos
prjTpos
TadavTuos
Part I, no. 223: 330, 818, 1472; no. 224: 137, 637*, 1208, 2211, 3222, 3669, 4462, 5734; no. 2 2 5 : 108, 1560, 2073, 2875. 10
IJeOevs KedjaXd
TOV
Uapfiadicovos
Uap^aOtov
prjTpos
Part I, no. 223: 1458, 2324. 11
IJeOevs "Qpov
TOV
IJeOecos
prjTpos
Uapfiadlov
Part I , no. 223: 591, 1791, 2769, 3487; no. 224: 1281, 3284, 4449, 5166; no. 225: 543, 1433.
12
IJedevs
Zapfiadioovos
TOV Uapfiadlcovos
p/rjTpos TaOavTios
Part I , no. 224: 5242*. Part I I , no. 362, 1 9 : Sa^adiuivos
TOV £anf3a(
).
76 13
S E C T I O N X I I I : NOS. 4 8 1 - 4 9 9 IJcpiyevrjs ZOJLXOV TOV TlToXepLaiov firjTpos UapL^aOCov P a r t I , no. 223: 9 6 9 , 1 0 5 9 , 1 1 7 7 , 1462, 2716, 3455, 3507; no. 224: 103, 287, 433, 685,1085, 1198, 2240, 2701, 3067,3725, 4620, 5229, 5640; no. 225: 7 2 , 4 5 3 , 1 4 4 5 , 1 6 1 9 , 2307, 2993.
14
OarjoLS
IleKpLrJLTos
dvO* ov
EvpijpLovos
p/i)rpos Eap^^aOiov
P a r t I , no. 2 2 3 : 42, 1367, 2639, 3 2 6 1 ; no. 224: 325*, 516*, 1227*, 1679, 2885, 3336, 3581, 4867, 5328; no. 225: 643, 1421, 1570, 2527.
&afjois
15
ITeKpLrJLTOs
TOV Evprjpuxjvos p,r)Tpos
UapufiadLov
P a r t I , no. 223: 3 9 1 ; no. 224: 592*. 16
&ar}o~LS EvprjpLovos
TOV ITeKpaqLTOs
pirjTpos HapL^aOiov
Part I , no. 223: 648. 17
'Qploov IleTopaLTTecos TOV ArjpLa pbrjTpos UapL/Badtov Part I , no. 224: 4127; no. 2 2 5 : 1016, 1629, 2018. P a r t I I , no. 361B, 7.
18
[Ma^lpLCp
TCO Kal] NedpxoJL
['HpaKX(eL$ov)
OTpafrrjyco)
Apa(LvoeLTOv)
pLc]pL8os Kal *HpaKXei^L
[j3acrLX(iKaj) ypa(pLpLaT€l) T(TJS) a(vTrjs)] [vov(f)€L KOjpboypa(pLpLaT€L)] KapdviSos 5
'Opoe-
Kal
[ALOOKopcp Kal TO]LS XOL7T(OLS) Xaoypd(OLs) [rrjs
avTrjs
[napa
Koj]p,r)s.
]v Uapi^adLOJvo[s]
[rcov dno KOjp,r]s] KapaviSos. €i
\X
10
/JLeplBos Kal
[ [
T
$
pOv]TL^o(pL€VOp)
VTrd[p-]
VTT* ipLOV
]VLOJ r[€]pLeXXco ]••[.'.••]••[••]•[•] (Papyrus breaks off)
(Translation.) 1. Harpagathes, son of Satabous and grandson of Anchophis, mother S a m bathion. 2. Harpagathes, son of Satabous and grandson of Horos, mother Sambathion. 3. Harpalos, son of Kanis and grandson of Harphaesis, mother Sambathion. 4 . Heron, son of Pekmeis otherwise called Heuremon, mother Sambathion. 5. Heron, son of Pekmeis and grandson of Heuremon, mother Sambathion. 6. Heron, son of Heuremon otherwise called Pekmeis, mother Sambathion. 7. Maron, son of Ptolemaios and grandson of Sambathion, mother Taseus. 8. Mysthes, son of Teberis and grandson of Sambathion, mother Isidora. 9. Pasion, son of Petheus and grandson of Sambathion, mother Tathautis. 10. Petheus, son of Kephalas and grandson of Sambathion, mother Sam bathion. 1 1 . Petheus, son of Horos and grandson of Petheus, mother Sambathion. 12. Petheus, son of Sambathion and grandson of Sambathion, mother Tathautis. (no. 362. 1 9 : . . . son of Sambathion and grandson of Samba. . . .)
THE 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
SAMBATHIONS
77
Perigenes, son of Zoilos and grandson of Ptolemaios, mother Sambathion. Phaesis, son of Pekmeis otherwise called Heuremon, mother Sambathion. Phaesis, son of Pekmeis and grandson of Heuremon, mother Sambathion. Phaesis, son of Heuremon and grandson of Pekmeis, mother Sambathion. Horion, son of Petoraipis and grandson of Demas, mother Sambathion.
To Maximos also called Nearchos, strategos of the Arsinoite nome, division of Herakleides, and to Herakleides, royal scribe of the same division, and to Orsenouphis, village-scribe of Karanis, and to Dioskoros and the other censusofficers of the same village: from . . . son of Sambathion, of the village of Karanis. . . . Gemellos, whose affairs I look after, owns . . . . No. 2. "Qpov perhaps a mistake for Hyx<»ecos' (cf. No. 1). If it is right the number of females called ZafifSadiov must be reduced to seven. No. 4. avd' ov—'called also' (Preisigke WB, s.v. dvri). The name of the grandfather is omitted. No. 5. Probably dvd' ov is to be read instead of rov; cf. No. 4. No. 6. The same person as in No. 4. No. 14. A brother of "Hpwv in No. 4. No. 15. Probably dv0' 0$ is to be read instead of TOV. No. 16. The same person as in No. 14. No. 18. The restoration of the prescript is from B G U 95, which fixes the date as A.D. 146/7.
No. 493. A list of house-property F a y u m . 12-5 x 10 cm. Second century A.D. BGU 185 (Viereck). Cf. BL i. 25. L I T . : Wenger, Stellvertretung, 100 n. 1 . Hombert et Preaux, Recherches, 141. Taubenschlag, Opera Minora ii. 369.
A fragment of a list of house-property in which the inhabitants of some houses (11. 1 - 1 6 ) are enumerated. The name Deios frequently appearing in 11. 1 - 9 makes it probable that all the inhabitants mentioned in these lines were kinsfolk. Unfortu nately, the place of Sambathion (or Sambathios) within the family cannot be exactly established (see note to 1. 8 ) . 'I]oLocopos [N]eojvos rov 'IcrtScopov p[iq(rpds) ... ]Necov vlos prj(rpos) T[.]ep. ( . . . ) Aetov dTr[e]X[€vd€pas . .. o(poicos) (r]piov reraprov) p,epos Appoovapiov rfjs Kal KaXX[iVLKrjs
5
] AlSvpLOS 'IouScopov TOV ©ewycrcovos [. . . }i]pTroKpaTLOJV A[L]OS
pLrjfrpos) A(j>pohovT(os)
] o(poicos) (rerapTov) p,epos thiovAetosAeiovTOV[ACLOV (?) pcrjfrpds). .. KaXjAiVLKrjs aTr€A(evdepas) Aelov Eapifiadiov ap^>6r(epoi) [... ] 6(poiO)s) (reraprov) p,epo$ LSLOV 'Iolhcopos ^Iauhoopov [rov....prj10
(rpos)] Ua]pa7ndhos
peavrrjs rov pceydXov r . [ . . .
7
S E C T I O N X I I I : NOS. 4 8 1 - 4 9 9
8
.. ,]crjv KAL ^va[r]dpxy}S. [ ot]/c(t'a) [/ca]t avX(rj) Apip.\a>vC\ov TOV /cat Uafielvov ]
15
[...
€VTO[. . /c]at /TroAe/LtatSo? r o [ . . .
*ii/)]a/cA[et]Sow [rou] /cat 27ajLtj8et[.. . ZaJjSetVo? '//[pa/cActJSou TOV /ca[t . . .]//.oi>[... . . . TTroAejjLtatSo? [TTJS dd€]Xrjs[. .
(Translation.) . . . Isidoros son of Neon and grandson of Isidoros, mother. . . . Neon his son, mother T . . . daughter of Dios, a freedwoman. . . . Likewise a f-share, belonging to Ammonarion also called Kallinike . . . under the care of her brother b y the same father. . . . Didymos son of Isidoros and grandson of Theogiton. . . . Harpokration son of Dios, mother Aphrodous. . . . Likewise a private |-share. Dios son of Dios and grandson of Dios, mother . . . Kallinike, freedwoman of Dios son of Sambathion (or Sambathaios) both ( ? ) . . . . Likewise a private |-share. Isidoros son of Isidoros and grandson of . . mother Sarapias, sprinkler for the great (god) and president of a xystos. House and court, belonging to Ammonios also called Sabinos and of Ptolemais . . . of Herakleides also called Sambi Sabinos son of Herakleides also called of Ptolemais his sister. . . . 3. 6[(ioluis] suggested by the editor. 6. J[f]os—evidently a slip of the pen for Aelov. 8. The connexion between Aelov and Zafifladlov is not clear; something seems to be lost between the two names. There seem to be three possibilities: (1) Aelov < / « H > 2ap.fia.9iov—it would mean that Kallinike was a freed-woman of both Deios and Sambathion, who would be, in this case, probably brother and sister (the afioT(epot) could be changed to dpi0T(epa>v) [rov Setva]. (2) Aelov Zanfiadlov. This conjecture must be preferred, as more usual. (3) The genitive might be derived from a masculine name 2ap.fiddios, cf. 485. 2 and 1 1 ; 499. 1 . 10. F o r the meaning of peavrrjs cf. Chron. aVE\g. x v , 1940, 146 sq. 14. 2a(j,^€i[... is probably a slip for 27aj8ei[vov, rather than the beginning of 27o/Aj8aT[o?] or 27a/x/3ar[ta)vos]. In the second family the name Sabeinos (Sabinus) seems to be as frequent as Deius in the first.
N o . 494. F r o m a survey o f land-property Thmouis. P. Mendes Genev. (Martin, Stud. Pal. xvii, 1917, 9 sqq.). L I T . : Wilcken, Arch. vi. 416.
c. A.D. 200.
A long papyrus-roll deriving from the carbonized documents found at Thmouis in the Mendesian nome (Bell, Egypt, 10 sq.). It contains a survey of land property. The names of the landowners and the lessees, the size and the kind of the cultivated area, and other information are given. Jewish names are lacking except the name of a lessee Sambathion. 221 222
T
/cat A(ITLKFJS) Xi[JL(VLTLKRJS) (SEKAPOVPOJV) Qpos "Qpov Std M[ d7royp(A(F)OPI€V ) KoX(XijpiaTos) Xft (2nd hand) Eap,f$(adLa)vos) (3rd hand) €VD(VPL€TPIAS)
KOI(T7)S)
P.
THE 312 313
SAMBATHIONS
79
314
Kal a(tTLKrjs) ro]v a(vrov) €i8o(vs) IJaOprjs [ Sid . . . Za]pl3a9iojvosdl3(p6)(ov)[(dpovp ) a7Toyp(aop€v ) KoX(X'qp,aros) va (2nd hand) rrjs a(vrrjs) (3rd hand) ev9(vperpias) (KOL)TTJS iq [
420
Kal
421 422 487
a(LTLKrjs) . .. Ea]pf$a9(iojvos) dft(poxov) (dpovprjs) (rjpbiov reraprov) dTroyp(aopev ) KoX(Xrjpdrcovj\ A[j8] Kal £ (2nd hand) viro fta9(ia)vos) Kal KqXXi(pdxov)
Zap-
(Translation.) And in lake-side corn-land, 10-aroura category: Horos son of Horos, through M . . . . . . . (arourai) which are registered on sheet 32 b y Sam bathion : survey of area 2. And in corn-land of the same class: Pathres . . ., through Sambathion, . . . arourai of uninundated land which are registered on sheet 51 b y the s a m e : survey of area 1 1 . And in cornland . . . of Sambathion, £ aroura of uninundated land which is registered on sheet 86 by the s a m e : survey of area 21. And in corn-land . . . which are registered on sheets 32 and 7 by Sambathion and Kallimachos. 221. For yij fofiviTiKrj see P. Ryl. I I , pp. 291; 297 sq. (in another of the Thmouis documents). 222. KoX(Xf}(iaTos) refers to the pages of the survey. 27a/a/?(a0tWos) restored by me. Probably identical with Sambathion of 1. 487, since the number of the /cdAAij/xa (Aj8) is the same. Koirt]: small land divisions (cf. apayis in No. 145. 12, 15). 421. KoXXrjfia ITS: contains a list of farmers (Sambathion being one of them) who are tenants of the land of a rich landowner, Kallimachos (edit.).
N o . 49£. Application t o strategos Oxyrhynchos (?) 9 x 8 cm. PSI 736 (Vitelli). Cf. BL 11. ii. 1 4 1 ; in. 225. L i t . : Meyer, Sav. Ztschr. xlvi, 1926, 343 sq.
A.D. 208.
This document belongs to a well-attested class: that of hiaoroXiKa. The ScaaroXiKov was a formal notice, demanding payment and threatening execution; it was trans mitted from creditor to debtor by a system of double petition. The creditor first petitioned the archidikastes, stating his grievance. The archidikastes endorsed the petition. The creditor then petitioned the strategos of the debtor's nome, enclosing a copy of the first petition and its endorsement. The strategos endorsed the complete document and ordered one of his assistants to serve a copy on the debtor in person. The debtor could deny liability, and the creditor could initiate execution, by a similar set of applications. For the documents see P. Oxy. 1472, introduction, and Kupiszewski, Eos, xlviii, 1956, 3, 89 sqq.; for Mahnverfahren in general see Meyer, Jur. Pap. 142 sq.; Wenger, Inst. §32 iii, and Kupiszewski-Modrzejewski, JJP xi-xii, 1957-8, 151 sqq. Our text, of which the upper part is lost, falls into two sections. (1) Lines 1-9, the
S E C T I O N X I I I : NOS. 4 8 1 - 4 9 9
8o
end of the double petition: 5 - 9 to the strategos, endorsed by him on 28 Oct. A.D. 2 0 8 ; 1 - 5 to the archidikastes, dated in Jan./Feb. (208?). (2) Lines 9 - 1 5 , the subscriptions: 9 - 1 3 a note by the debtors, who acknowledge service (16 Dec. 2 0 8 ) ; 1 3 - 1 4 a note by the aide who carried out service (Nov./Dec.); 1 5 a further note (208/9). One of the debtors is Horos son of Sambathaios. The papyrus is broken on both sides: there is no means of telling how supplements are to be distributed between the beginnings and ends of lines. For the first hand the gap in each case seems to be of about 25 letters. I am much indebted to Professor V. Bartoletti, who not only sent me a photograph of the papyrus, but also checked the original at some doubtful points; and to Mr. John Rea, who examined the photograph and made several excellent new readings. ] ecropLevrjv p,oi TTJV 7rpa[£iv] cbs KaOrJKei TTJV Se [ 7repLCo]gi, el Se pa\, KXrjpovopLOLS ayTcov reXeioLS, edv Se a^i^At/ce? coat, vopLipLOLs avr\cpv emrpoiTOLS
cov r d ovopLara
eVt rcov TOTTCOV SrjX[codijoeTat
] . AOVKLOV UeiTTipiiov Heovr\pov Kal MdpKov Avp-rjAi[ov 5
TCOV KJypicov Mexelp.
aecn7jit(eta>/xat). TOVTOV OVTOS dtjioo TT)V pLerdb\ooLV
yeveodai TOO Ua-
Tepp,ov0LCp KOL] TCp"Qpcp. cos KaOiJKei. (CTOVS) t£ AvTOKpaTopcov Kaiodpcov [AOVKLOV ZJeTTTipLLov Ueovijpov Ev]gefiovs
IJepTLvaKos ApafiiKov
ASiaftrjviKov IJapdt^Kov MeyioTov
MdpKov Avp]r)\iov
AVTOOVLVOV Evoefiovs
Kal
ZefiaoTtov [[/cat lTov[3\i[ov 2j€7TTLpLLOV
TeTa Kaloap]gs
T
2^ej8[aar]p£;]] 0acoi /ca. (2nd hand) Qpos Eap,fiaTaiov Kal n[aTeppLovQios
10
. • TOVT]OV TO LOOV. CTOVS e7TTa/catSe/cdYou 2JeTTTipLLo]y IJegyrjpov Kal M[a]pKov
[AOVKLOV
AvptqXiov AVTCOV[LVOV Kal IIovfiAiov
2Je7TTipLi]ov TeTa TCOV Kvpicov XoiaK K. IJaTeppLovd[Los ]. .gv p,ov pLTj ITOSOS ypdpLpLaTa.
(3rd hand) Airlcov v[7rr)peTr)s
] t o IlaTeppLovdlcp evcoTrico cbs KadrjKL. XoiaK [ 15 (4th hand)
]Ao. .eivov
iraprpreyKa.
(eTovs) t£ [
2. edv or eav fxev 7repiu>]ai. ]ai J . Rea (]K Vitelli). a[r}\iKes J . Rea (/c[ai drj\u<es Vitelli). 4. ] . : a short horizontal, level with the bottoms of the letters and running off the papyrus to the left. 10. ]gv: Bartoletti confirms v (]oj Vitelli). laov' pap. 13. ] . . ov J . Rea (yey]pa<j>e ep,ov Vitelli). IVoSof pap.: 1. elSoTOS. 14. XoiaK: x written over L ( = erovs). 15. ] Aoyyelvov Vitelli. (Translation.) . . . that I shall have the right of execution according to the proper procedure, and that . . . to the debtors, if still living; otherwise to their heirs, being of a g e ; and, if these are minors, to their lawful guardians, whose names will be made known on the spot. . . . 16th (?) year of Lucius Septimius Severus and Marcus Aurelius Antoninus . . . the lords, Mecheir. I have signed it. In these circumstances I request that a copy be served on Patermouthios and Horos. L e t the proper procedure be followed. Y e a r 17 of Imperatores Caesares
THE
SAMBATHIONS
81
Lucius Septimius Severus Pius Pertinax Arabicus Adiabenicus Parthicus Maximus and Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Pius, Augusti, [[and Publius Septimius Geta Caesar Augustus,]] Phaophi 21. (2nd hand) We, Horos son of Sambathaios, and Patermouthios . . . have re ceived a duplicate of this. Seventeenth year of Lucius Septimius Severus and Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Publius Septimius Geta the lords, Choiak 20. I, Patermouthios . . . since he is illiterate. (3rd hand) I, Apion, assistant, . . . to Patermouthios in person, according to the proper procedure. Choiak . . . . (4th hand) I, . . . son of Longinos (?), have presented it. Year 17. . . . 1—2. rr)v 8e [fieTaoootv yeveodat rq> "Qpa> Kal — edv rrept.<x)oi]v Vitelli; rr)v Se [p,erd8ooiv yevr)oop.evr\v rots vnoxpeots (?) idv fiev 7repicoai]v Meyer. Both restorations exceed the space; and the parallels are against a mention of metadosis a t this point. 3-4. Perhaps 8rjX[o)9r]oerai. dr)oerai. erovs €KKat,8eKaro]v, but the final trace seems to exclude v. 3 - 5 . The full titulary (AvprjXi[ov Avruivivov Kal TlovfSXiov Zeirrip,iov Tera raiv K]vpiwv) will exceed the space. Mr. Rea points out that Geta's name was sometimes omitted: e.g. in SB 4639 of A.D. 209. B u t this in its turn would give a rather short line. 5. oeo7]p,(eiwp,ai): the signature of the archidikastes. 6. ov (rrarpa]8eX^>ov) nor ovp.]ijjr)ov is really satis factory. B u t the pattern must surely be: IJarepp.ov8[ios eypa*jia v-nep rov d]8eX(f>ov KTX. : cf. S B 9069. 25 sq.; 9356. 1 6 ; Meyer, Gr. Texte, 8. 19 sq., etc. Possibly the lacuna contained a patronymic for Patermouthios; or Horos may have been mentioned by name' ( J . Rea). 13. e.g. ATT'KHV v[Trrjperrjs fi.ere8u>Ka rov]ro: on this function of the aide see JJP xi-xii, 1957-8, 151 sqq. 15. naprjveyKa: an obscure note, added in a different hand, napa^epeiv can bear one of two meanings. (1) Take to, hand over, deliver: in this sense inrjveyKa commonly occurs on documents, as at P . Oxy. 59. 22 (delivering a letter), 1200. 57 sq. (handing in a document to be filed). (2) Take from, receive, as at N.T. Mark 14. 36 ('take away this cup'); P. Oxy. 237 vi. 36 (receiving a letter); P. Giss. 3 3 . 1 2 (equi valent to TrapaKop,t£eiv of BGU 970. 26 and P. Lond. 908. 23). Accordingly the subject of iraprjveyKa here may be the plaintiff who received this endorsed copy of his application, or submitted it to some authority; or another aide who delivered the copy to the plaintiff or to the strategos' archives. P. J - P .
No. 496. Sambathis, the goddess Karanis. Late third or early fourth century A.D. 0 . Mich. 657 (Amundsen). L I T . : Youtie, Sambathis, HTR xxxvii, 1944, 209 sqq. L a t t e , Festschrift F. Zucker, 1954, 248 sqq.
This ostrakon is written in majuscule letters in the way that inscriptions were engraved. So the suggestion of the editor that the ostrakon contains a copy or a draft of an inscription is quite reasonable. No less plausible is his other suggestion that the present ostrakon has its continuation in O. Mich 658 where the same hand wrote the words £"77 ATA&Q IIAEI. The editor took this inscription for a dedication G
82
S E C T I O N X I I I : NOS. 4 8 1 - 4 9 9
made by a certain Sambathis in honour of some deities. Yet Youtie observed rightly that the names of the deities are quoted not in datives, but in nominatives. If so, Sambathis, too, must be the name of a deity. We may add that Sambathion, not Sambathis, is the regular feminine name in Egypt, especially in the Roman period. According to Youtie, the ostrakon 'belongs to a well-known type of school exercise which consists of the names of gods, both Greek and Egyptian' (for references see Youtie, op. cit. 218). O. Mich. 658 is also an exercise, but quite independent of 657. According to Youtie Sambathis is identical with Sambathe, the Jewish Sibyl (cf. Introduction, pp. 49 sqq.). He points out that 'the Michigan ostrakon is unusual in revealing the admission of an oriental, probably Semitic, deity into scholastic curricu lum (ibid.). He might have stressed the even more astonishing fact that Sambathis here takes the first place in the list, preceding such gods as Artemis, Dionysos, and Demeter. Has the schoolboy really thought of her as of the Jewish Sibyl? The most plausible supposition seems to be that Sambathis was for him not a Sibyl, but—as pointed out above, Introduction, p. 5 1 and note 1—a real deity, well known to him from his everyday life: the goddess of Sabbath. The ostrakon is, consequently, an important evidence of the continuation of the Sabbath observance in Karanis at so late a time as the beginning of the Byzantine period.
5 (Translation.)
Kovpa Aiovvao[ Arfn.[
Sambathis Artemis Koura Dionysos Demo
2. 'gen., for Aprefiios; or Aprep-ioi.}' (editor). Y e t the O is cancelled, and the last letter is 27. So the nominative seems to be certain. 4 - 5 . 'There seems to be written AHMQ (perhaps miswritten instead of AHMH[TPV (editor). Youtie points out that Ay\p.u> is a hypokoristic form of At]\i.i]rt\p and that 'no other reading is possible', since a curve of a> is preserved on the ostrakon (210 n. 7). 'Demo is also known as a name of the Cumaean sibyl' (ibid. 211). W e may add that the Phrygian Sibyl was called Artemis (RE s.v. Sibyllen, col. 2076). So three names out of five in our ostrakon may possibly be explained as the names of Sibyls. Y e t the whole list cannot be accounted for as a list of Sibyls since the appearance of Dionysos in this context would be quite incomprehensible. Besides, the names of Artemis and Demo ( = Demeter) without any further specification would always refer to goddesses rather than to Sibyls. So the opinion of Youtie—that the ostrakon contains a list of deities—seems to me to be sound. [ F o r another view see now L a t t e , op. cit., who disapproves of Youtie's suggestion that names of gods are given in the ostrakon.]
No. 497. Lists of names from Karanis The three ostraka printed below contain names of inhabitants of Karanis from whom some taxes were levied. I quote all the three ostraka without omissions in order to show once again the Sambathions in the common Egyptian environment.
THE SAMBATHIONS
83
No. 497a Karanis. O. Mich. 1031 (Youtie, P. Mich. V I I I ) .
Second half of the second century A.D.
yelvjapifje^ifrjoeeos) IIcTop&Tris TIarjaLS Eaparras "Qpov ,
&af}ais
77eT[e] r;p-[e]a>(s')
ela6Bt(a) §
a
a a a
AyxcoLS ' Ovvoj(<j>peo)s) IJaKvais II[aK]y[a]eoj(s) Ayx&fas Eqra^o(vros) Qpos 2Jap^adia>(vos) (yivovrai) iS
P P P P
T
(Translation.) Income from Psenarpsenesis. Petorapis son of Paesis: 2 ; 1 ; 1. Sarapas son of Horos: 1. Phaesis son of Peteesis: 1. Anchophis son of Onnophris: 2. Pakysis son of Pakysis: 2. Anchophis son of Satabous: 2. Horos son of Sambathion: 2. T o t a l : 14. No.
49jb
Karanis.
L a t e third or early fourth century A.D.
0. Mich. 601 (Amundsen).
5
Uap,^aria)v AioGKopos Tiftepivov Uepfjvos "Qpov 'Hpojvas Aricrrjs Kal Arripeis
(Translation.) Sambathion. Dioskoros son of Tiberinos. Serenos son of Horos. Heronas. Atises and Apireis. 1. Ostrakon Za^arriujv; a slip of the pen for Eaixfiariwv.
N o . 497c Karanis. 0. Mich. 269 (Amundsen).
L a t e third or early fourth century A . D .
K€(pios) UapifSadiojv KXrjpues EapL7ra( ) AprraXog EojKpa 5
ITarjcris Avyrj MtaOias yi(vovrat)
v(avj$La) v(avf$La) v(av^va) v(avfiia)
(3 j8 ft j8
v(avfiia) /? v(avf3ia) j8 v(av^ia) tj8
84
S E C T I O N X I I I : NOS. 4 8 1 - 4 9 9
(Translation.) Foreman, Agenes son of Ouenaphris: 2 naubia. Sambathion: 2 naubia. Klemes son of Samba . . . : 2 naubia. Harpalos son of Sokras: 2 naubia. Paesis son of Aunes: 2 naubia. Misthias: 2 naubia. T o t a l : 12 naubia. 3. Zaiitta (edit.). A slip of the pen for Zafifia (the genitive of 2ap,fias). Another genitive of 2<mf}5.s would be 27a^j8aros. The restoration Zay.f3a(rioivos) is, of course, also possible.
No. 498. Various small fragments The following fragments are excerpted from lists and documents of various con tents. Since the Egyptian environment of the Sambathions has been sufficiently stressed in the papyri printed above (cf. especially Nos. 485, 487), I confine myself to printing single lines in which Sambathions are recorded. No. 4 9 8 a Tebtynis. P. Mich. V. 238, I I . 75 (Husselman, Boak, and Edgerton).
A.D. 46.
The following line is among the entries of a quadrimestrial grapheion-register from Tebtynis (for the various transactions recorded in this office cf. edit., pp. 1 sqq.). The line records a lease of Kap7rwvla, the lessee being a Zafi^adlcov. A iAi<j(doocris) 'Hptbhov Trpd(s) Uapb^adlcuva KapTrovia(s) (ojSoAot) 6 (Translation.)
30th. Lease of right to sell crops, Herodes to Sambathion: 9 ob.
A: the lease is recorded on the last day of the month Zeftaoros (Thoth) = 27 September. Kapircavia. means selling of standing crops. The right of Kapiratvia may be leased by the owner even for some years (cf. P. Lond. I I . 168. 1 sqq.). On KaprruivLa see 0 . Montevecchi, Aeg. xxiv, 1944, 142 and for fiiodcocns KapTTwvias cf. the almost identical entry in our papyrus col. I , 34 and P. Lond. 168. 1 sqq. Cf. also Taubenschlag , 340; Zucker, Aeg. xxxii, 1952, 83. 2
No. 4 9 8 k Tebtynis. P. Mich. I I . 126 (Boak).
A.D. 46-49.
The line published below stands in no connexion with the text of the papyrus and its meaning is obscure. 29 (Translation.)
£ap,f$ad(
) €7U Uap,^a[
T o Sambath . . . for Samba . . . No.
498c
Philadelpheia. BGU 1667 (Viereck and Zucker).
Probably first century A.D.
An account of expenses. 6
7 8 (Translation.)
[...]
9TAC..[...
[Ua]pb^adLOOvos...[... ...]a/x. ..v. . [ . . .
. . . of Sambathion . . . .
THE SAMBATHIONS No.
85
498c/
Tebtynis. P . F a m . Tebt. 1 1 (van Groningen).
A.D. 108-12.
Loan of money. From a family-archive. Col. I 'HpctKAelhrjs Mdpcovo]s Kal rj y[vvrj p,ov Aihvpi\t) pcerd Kvpiov ipuov [rto vlop piov 'HpaKJAeiSrj rap [Kal OvaXepjlcp. GOV *HpaKAeLoo\y Kal Ai8y[pLov
8eoavicrp,€6[a rrapd
]. [TO]V Kal Uapb^adelov [
(Translation.) I , Herakleides son of Maron, and my wife Didyme under my guardianship, to my son Herakleides also called Valerius. W e have borrowed from you, Herakleides, and from Didymos . . . also called Sambathios . . . . Herakleides the father and Herakleides the son are both members of a Greek family from the Arsinoite nome to which the archive belongs. But Sambathios seems to be an outsider, most probably a second name for the father of Didymos, the partner of Herakleides the son.
No. 4 9 8 e Fayum. P . Ryl. 188, fr. 2 (Johnson, Martin, and Hunt).
Early second century A.D.
A register of private landowners. 37
[TarrJToXAis £apifia6loovo(s)
(Translation.)
01(d) EapL^[aBloi)vo(s)\.
Taptollis daughter of Sambathion, through Sambathion. . . .
The restoration Zafi[3[adiaivo(s)] (edit.) is, of course, conjectural.
No. 4 9 8 / Philadelpheia. P. Phil. 18 (Scherer).
Second century A.D.
A list of persons paying some tax (probably the laographia or the o-uvra^i/zov). Col. I I 34
NetXos "Hpoovos rov NetXov (pLyrpos) UapL^arlov) jSoAov)
(8paxp
(Translation.) Neilos, son of Heron and grandson of Neilos, mother Samba thion : 45 dr. 2 ob. 27a/*jS(aros) (edit.) is impossible, since Zap/Has is masculine.
No. Provenience unknown. P . Fouad 70 (Bataille et al.).
A list of names.
498$ Second or third century A.D.
86
S E C T I O N X I I I : NOS. 4 8 1 - 4 9 9 3
rov Eap,f$a(
18
]''Ot(
)
) p,r)r(pos). . . .rrjs [.. . prjirpds) 2Jap,^a0Lo(v) rrjs 'Hpco.[
(Translation.) . . , of Samba . . ., mother. daughter of Heros .
mother Sambathion
3. Hafi^a (edit.). 18. ZanPddio(s) (edit.).
No. 498/1 Fourth century A.D.
Provenience unknown. P. Fouad 73 (Bataille et al.).
A list of names. 2Japfia[ Samba N o . 4981' A.D. 242/3.
F a y u m (the pepls of Themistes). BGU 141, col. I I (Wilcken).
A list of persons paying some taxes imposed on owners of vineyards, orchards, and the like. 6
Eapamas r) Kal Eapf$a0ovs 6vy(drrjp) (dpovpas)... ] reXeapdrojv (Spa^pas) KTJ
TIroX(epaiov)
eXai\o)vos)
(Translation.) Sarapias also called Sambathous, daughter of Ptolemaios, for an olive-yard of . . . arourai, t a x e s : 28 dr. No.
498] Third century a.d.
Provenience unknown. Kalbfleisch, Aeg. xxvii, 1947, 45. SB 9304. L I T . : Hombert, Chron. aVEg. x x i v , 1949, 1 5 1 .
This difficult fragment is apparently concerned with amounts of land and grain; the details remain obscure. (Kalbfleisch found references to 'disputes': irepoXoylat. This view rests on the false reading €T€poX(oyla) in line 1 , where the papyrus in fact has €T€p°. ., not erepo*.) Three Sambathions are mentioned. I give a revised text of the three relevant lines, based on the photograph which Dr. H. G. Gundel has very kindly sent me. 4 5 8
Ayp(r)Xi ) 2apf3( ) *£?)( ) KO( Kal rrpos Hapfiaraiv Kal Apoiv ere/>o( KaraAet7r(eTat) 2Japfi( ) TIroXep,(
4 and 8. SappS pap. [Ko(WrJna.TOs)] (cf. 3) ?
4. i£r)(y7)TOv), i£rj(yr)Tevoa.VTOs)?
) Ia )[ )[
KO|KZ pap. Ko(XXrjjj.aTOs)?
5* *T*po(v)
(Translation.) 4: . . . Aurelios Samb (sheet?) n . 5 : And with Sambathaios and Amois, . . . another . . . 8 : Remaining to Samb . . . son of Ptolemaios . . . 4, 8. 27a/ijS(
) : Sambathion, Sambathaios, and Sambas seem equally possible.
P . J . P.
THE SAMBATHIONS
87
No. 4 9 8 ^ Roman period.
Provenience unknown. P.S.A. Athen. 54 (Petropulos).
A list of persons. Col. I 14
UapCfSadtcov AXco(j> Col. I I
16
Uafx^aOtcov X[
(Translation.) Sambathion son of Aloph. Sambathion son of Ch. . . .
No. 499. A business letter Provenience unknown. 30-5 x 10 cm. P. Princet. 103 (Kase).
Fifth century A.D.
A business letter from an u n K n o w n to an unknown. The author requires s o m e amounts of money supplied by various persons to be sent to him, as well as 25^ lb. of woollen waste. Among persons from whom the above-mentioned sums of money are due a certain Zatnrddiov (or EaprndBios) is mentioned. Since the letter belongs to the fifth century, all persons recorded here, including Sambathion, are probably Christians.
rd
eiKoat
ovo
vopLiapuaTa
IxarevTov
Uaparadiov
Kal
Se'/ca rov
'IaKcbfi
Kara^iooaov
Kal
rrpay-
pie rj arj daypLaoiqTrjs
virkp
Kal
Kal rd e£ rd dvT€(f>cbvrja[e]y
A.p,p,cova
drrooTiXai,
rd
rod
TOV davpLaaccoTaTov rd
Evp,eo)viov
f[£
rrjs
ravra
yap ^pta(v)
avrtbv
i
L
€X°°> ^ ° Y^P TOVTOV
fjvayKdadrjv
aTTOOTiXai UiXovavov TOV ovpcpiaxov Std TO ip,e YJOI'av e^eiv TOVTOJV, rd? Se et/coot TTCVTC fjpuav XiTpas TCOV [yv]a(f>dXXcoy 5
KaTa£[l]cooov
i)
raura dTroorfAai
7} yovv
ravra
dveveyKov
/xerd
TTJS
dng\Kpi\g€cps 2. F o r the second rd 1. a.
1. fioi.
1. Afifuavos.
(Translation.) The twenty-two solidi from the most excellent Symeonios, the agent, and the ten from J a k o b , and the six from Sambathion (or Sambathios), and the six which your excellency guaranteed me on behalf of Ammon—be good enough to send them, as I have need of them, as this was why I was forced to send Silvanos the messenger, because I have need of them. And the twentyfive and a half pounds of wool-flock—be good enough either to send them or at least bring them up with the answer. 1. rd 2[£ TTJS. The editor has TO, | [ £ TOV, assuming a dubious masculine form 2afj.irddios, for which perhaps cf. the note on No. 493. 8. It seems safer to derive Eafiiradtov from the common feminine ZapirdOiov. F o r the spelling cf. No. 487. 3. F o r the office of avfj.fj.axo>. (messengers) cf. Rouillard, VAdministration civile de I'jtgypte byzantine, 1928, 45, 72, 164; Johnson and West, Byzantine Egypt, 1949, 166, 243 sq.
SECTION XIV
VARIOUS DOCUMENTS OF THE BYZANTINE PERIOD T H I S section contains various documents of the Byzantine period from A . D . 337 to the sixth or seventh century (see Nos. 512, 514). The first three documents (Nos. 500-2) are dated in the fourth century with no nearer specification, so that they might belong in Section X I I as well as in this section. The small number of documents in this section, extending over about 300 years, may serve as a good indication of the gradually declining importance of the Egyptian J e w r y in the Byzantine period; cf. Vol. I, pp. 93 sqq.
No. £00. From an account of wine Provenience unknown. P. B a d . iv. 53 (Bilabel).
Fourth century A.D.
The following lines are quoted from an account of wine, 'icraia in 1. 17 may be a Christian and is quoted here only because the mention of a Jew in 1. 25 leads to the presumption that there might have been more Jews in the list. Though Isaiah never occurs in the papyri as a name of a Jew, Jews of this period were sometimes named after prophets. Cf. Krauss, Talmudische Archaologie, ii. 14. 17
'Icraia 'IepaKos
St(7rAa) y
25
Eipov 'Iovoatos
Si(rrXd) a
(Translation.) Isaiah son of Hierax, 3 double measures. . . . Simon the J e w , 1 double measure. 17. SmXa is a measure of wine; cf. P . Oxy. 1893. 14, note; Casson, TAP A l x x , 1939, 5 sq. 25. Elfxov stands for Elfiwv; Zifiov is a woman's name, cf. e.g. PCZ 59807, SP 253; L . Robert, Hellenica, iii, 95 n. 4.
No. 501. A list of persons Provenience unknown. 6-6 X 9-4 cm. P . Aberd. 68 (Turner).
Fourth century A.D.
A list of persons paying some tax reckoned in minae. The mina is used here as a standard of weight. Almost all those in the list bear Hebrew names. Though Christians in the fourth century had begun to call themselves by Biblical names, so great a frequency of these names in one and the same list would be rather unusual for the period. Besides, we would hardly expect to meet a Judas among Christians. So there is little doubt that almost all the persons mentioned here were Jews.
VARIOUS DOCUMENTS OF T H E B Y Z A N T I N E P E R I O D Hepaidv
Mayid
'Iovoas 6 vlos
@eA(j)as A..
'IdOLK
Elprjvr)S
py(ds) A pv(ds) A pv(ds)
te
pv(ds)
te
Nadav BdvLS
pv(ds) pv(as)
Ar[. .]LS Md^cpos Naovp,
pv(as) A pv(a$) A pv(as) te
In the right margin, along the
89
te te
fibres: Xs pg.er)
(Translation.) Symeon son of Magias, 30 minai. J u d a s son of Phelphas, 30 minai. His son A . . ., 15 minai. Isak son of Eirene, 15 minai. Nathan, 15 minai. Banis, 15 minai. At . . is, 30 minai. Maximos, 30 minai. Nahum, 15 minai. 1. Eenv stands here for Evfi-qatv (or Evfiewv). The transcription Zvpewv for the Hebrew ]15?fifi7 was already used in the Septuagint. We meet it also in the N.T. and in Philo. It is the usual tran scription of the name in the Byzantine period (cf. NB). 'Mayid, an unattested form, might perhaps be read Mayiov (edit.). 2. &4Xj>as: no such name is known. The editor quotes BGU 9 3 3 . 1 (Byzantine period) where a similar name, &€\eas, occurs. 4. 'IadK Elpi'ivT)s. There are other instances of Jews of the Byzantine period giving their mother's name instead of their father's name after their own : b. Shabb. 154a ( V m "13 * H 0 ) ; b. Mo'ed Qatan 26b (ND*1Q 1 3 N 3 N ) , and others. Were they illegitimate ? 6. Bdvis: a common Semitic name (transcribed also Bdvqs, Bdvios, Bavvalos, and the like). In this context we may rather compare the Biblical ^ IITIQ (in the Septuagint Baval, Baveas, Bavel, cf. Hatch-Redpath, s.v.). 9. NaoG/x: the Biblical Dim
No. £02. A list of names Provenience unknown. P. Princet. 135 (Johnson and Goodrich).
Fourth century A.D.
A list of names for an unknown purpose. If it belongs to the beginning of the fourth century, the name Isak may point to a Jew. Verso 8
]v UvpuaKov ]os Ayddov 'i]cra/c
]t? 'loan: ].
.Tratov.
(Translation.) . . . n son of Syriakos. . . .os son of Agathos. . . . Isak. . . . is son of Isak. . . . son of . . . paios.
90
S E C T I O N X I V : NOS. 5 0 0 - 5 1 4
No. £03. The end of a document Oxyrhynchos. Bodl. Libr., MS. Hebr. d. 86 (P) = Cowley, JEA ii, 1915, 212.
Fifth century A.D. ?
Among the Hebrew documents published by Cowley in JEA there is a Greek one, of which the last line only is preserved. According to Hunt, quoted by Cowley, the Greek writing is 'possibly as late as the fifth century'. Following the Greek text there are fragments of the signatures of witnesses in Aramaic: JTjIJW. os (= obs) TrpoKevrai (Translation.)
AvprjXios Uap,ovrjX.
. . . as stated above. Aurelios Samuel.
1. us: the full phrase might have been: jSej9 <*>s irpoKeiTm: I ratify as stated above. Again an instance of a Jew called AvprjXios in accordance with the CA (cf. Vol. I , p. 100).
No. £04. An account Provenience unknown. 21-6 x 12-7 cm. Fifth or early sixth century A.D. P. Lond. v. 1904 (Bell). L I T . : Meinersmann, Die lateinischen Worter u. Namen in den griechischen Papyri, 63. Daris, Aeg. xl, i960, 195, 296.
A fragmentary account of money containing various items: water transport and charges for carriage by camel, expenditure on canal and ditches, &c. The chief interest for us in this document lies in the mention among them of *Iovha€iKov K[. It may refer to some tax imposed on Jews; cf. No. 506. Another possibility to be considered is that 'IOVSCLCKOV alludes to a name of a place. Mr. Skeat, who kindly examined the papyrus for us in the British Museum, tells us that 1. 1 stands directly above 1. 2, but is separated from it by a slightly wider interval than that existing between the following lines. This may suggest that 1. 1 is a heading. But we cannot be sure about this, since the papyrus is broken away above 1 . 1 , and there might have been a line or lines preceding it. The right edge of the papyrus is broken from top to bottom. The common Jewish name Aviva in 1. 1 may point to its bearer as being a Jew. A6(yos) Aviva lvh(iKTLovos) 1a, 81(d) A[ *X ° ' °v fipeftiov ivoj[ e%is virep vavXov oaKJ [ [. .]tpiSiva[ piaKapiKa craA/ca a [ virep vavXov aKTOvapiov [ Kal KapsqXaoia Kal dvdXop,[a ] LS
5
L7ro
T
dvdXopia TTOTapcov
10
Kal
rov
8LcbpvK[os]
TOV vo(pLiop,aTLOv) evos, K(epartov) (ripaov) (oyooov), yt(verat) /c/eS'.f virep 'IovSaetKov K[ 3. 6. 1. vavXcov.
VARIOUS DOCUMENTS OF T H E BYZANTINE P E R I O D
91
(Translation.) Account for Anina, n t h indiction, through . . . . Y o u have re ceived from the s c h e d u l e . . . . Y o u have received for water-transport charges . . . sacks ( ? ) . . . . Megarian oil (? salted goods). . . . T o water-transport charges for the chief charioteer ( ? ) . . . and wages for camel-driver and expenditure . . . . Expenditure on canal and the dyke . . . one solidus, f of a carat, total $h • • carats ( ? ) . . . . T o Jewish (tax? ?) . . . . 1. As Mr. Skeat informs us, the reading Aviva fits the traces exactly and there is no alternative to i t ; so the question-mark put after the name in the edition of the London papyri seems superfluous. Anina is a common Jewish name; cf. e.g. m. Ber. V. 5 (cf. Sota ix. 1 5 , Abot iii. 9); C I J 1166; see also Nos. 212. 2, 229. 1. If 1. 1 really belongs to the same document as the following lines in which 'IovoaeiKov K occurs, it becomes more likely that Anina is Jewish. 2. j8/)€j3tov = fSpemov = breve. For the form ppe^ov cf. P . London iii. 1249. 7 ; P. Ross. Georg. v. 29. 5. ivoy—or iv a.KTovapiov is absolutely certain (Skeat). Factionarius is a leading charioteer in the circus; cf. Cod. Theodosianus x v . 10. 1 ; Malalas (ed. Bonn), 395 sq. ( 0 7 7 0 aKTiovapiiov) (see also Boak and Youtie, The Archive of Aurelius Isidorus, 58. 1 3 ) ; but it is difficult to see the connexion between a.KTovapiov and vavXov which precedes it. It may be that aKTovaplov is to be equated with iraKrovaplov, a diminutive of TTOLKTCDV, a light boat of wicker-work used on the Nile. For interchange between 7r and cf. Mayser i. 173 sq. 7. dvdXofi[a, Bell: dvdXop[a norapov? M. S.
No. £0£. A letter alluding to the arrival of a Jew from Alexandria Provenience unknown. 30 x 21 cm. Fifth or sixth century A.D. P S I vii. 742 (Vitelli). Cf. BL ii. 2. 1 4 2 ; iii. 225. L I T . : Ljungvik, Bsitrdge zur Syntax der spdtgriech. Volkssprache, 1 9 3 2 , 3 8 , 9 8 ; id., Aeg. xiii, 1933,164, n. 1. Steen, Classica et Mediaevalia, i, 1938, 146, 157. Kapsomenakis, Voruntersuchungen zu einer Grammatik der Papyri der nachchristlichen Zeit, 1938, 50. Koskenniemi, Aeg. xxxiii, 1953, 318, 329. Daris, Aeg. xl, i960, 270. O'Callaghan, Aeg. xli, 1961, 30 n. 4, 32 n. n .
This highly interesting, though somewhat obscure, letter relates apparently to a judicial case (cf. the accumulation of words like ITpaypa, imoOecris, TTpairwpiov, vopiiKos). The writer seems to be much worried with the turn the case may assume as a result of the arrival of a certain Jew from Alexandria. He therefore implores his correspondent in' strong terms, appealing to their friendship, to get the proper in formation and to let him know as soon as possible the circumstances of the Jew's coming. The letter, as often in the Byzantine age, lacks the prescript (cf. O'Callaghan, op. cit. 28), nor are we in a position to guess the station held either by the writer or his correspondent, since the courteous titles by which the latter is addressed do not imply well-defined ranks in the administration. Neither do we learn from this letter the name of the Jew, who is described only as iXdwv juera TCOV EL . . . In view of our complete ignorance of the character of the case, the quite obscure allusions of the writer, and the bad state of preservation of the papyrus it is idle to speculate whether the affair had any bearing on Jews generally or whether the Alexandrian Jew was concerned with it only individually. TT( apd)
K a l TrpoXa^cov elirov rfj afj doeX6rr}rL cbs dXXrjv yvojprjv els KeKTrjTai OXOJS o[
epds
92
S E C T I O N X I V : NOS. 5 0 0 - 5 1 4 rots ypaetoLV p,ot Trap* avrrjs. et Se KeXeveis, npodeaw dyadrjv Kal vyv evoeiKvvaaadai /cara£i [o>crov, ?] pirjSevos elSoros TO Std rt dveVAeuo'ev arr AXe^avdpecas 6 '/ouSatos"
5
ofiros 6 pierd TCOV Z t . [ iXdobv. TOVTO Se ev)(aLpoos Bvvr) yvoovai rrapd yap rryv 7racra[v TreptWacrtv ?] otSev rov rrpaypLaros Kal TO TWOS €V€K€V
rov vlov TTaAtTtoir auro? dvrjXOev Kal
OTTOvSatcos
jLteraSowat /xot Std yp[a/xjLtdra)i/?] r d Trjs
VTTodeoeoJS'
TOVTO ydp rjyovpai.
otSes TTCOS dvrjX6ey[, avTov
Std Ta\ovs
7TOOS TOO VOpUKOp io
ypdeis
KOL yepl
TTJ afj XapLirpoTrjTi
rrapaoKevdaai
Kal
iv TOO TrpaiTOopiop
pue r a u T a yvcovat.
Kal [
iQavpiaoa Se
OVV€)(d)S
TCOV VTTOO€LKVV€LS p-erd ypapupcaTos
TOS plXoov eWtv, ovhkv Se TTolrjarov Kal rrpodeauy dyadrjv KOI (puXiav rrpoXafiovoav arrovhaoov OpobiTov yvobve
TOV
Trepapov?]
p,erd ypapLpbaTCOv, cbs etrrov
OLOKVOS Kal
cos ovv Std TT)V rrpofyagiy
r a ^ e o ? p-eraSowat p.e* rrdvv
cos GOV pur)
ypdipav-
Xeyoo. (2nd hand) Std Oeobv Ta rrepl
yap
TOVTOV
TOV
oXiyopo TOVTOV
dv~ iv
yd? -
povTicrov ovv, 2.
1.
R)P.as.
Seo"7roTa, 5. 1.
p-ou /cat vvv Kara
EVKAIPCJS.
9. 1.
DOKVCOS.
Ta^ovs
I T . 77
Kal ypdipov
1. ET. 8id Beov.
vpXv\\
1 3 . 1. yvaivai. 6Xiyopa>.
(Translation.) I have told your brotherliness before that it has a different attitude towards us altogether . . . what it writes to me. B e good enough, if you please, to display your goodwill now also—no one knows why this Jew, the one who came with the . . ., has sailed up from Alexandria. This you have a good opportunity of discovering from (your?) son Palitios, as he himself knows the whole state of the matter and the reason why he has come up. B e quick t o inform me b y letter about the facts of the case. F o r this is my view (?). So when you know about his reason—why he came up—send him with letters, as I told your illustriousness in the praetorium, and . . . without delay, and arrange for me to know of this quickly. I am surprised that you write continually to the notary and inform him about them b y letter—when you have not written to me even once. Still, I say nothing of whether this is the conduct of true friends. (2nd hand) F o r god's sake . . . both your goodwill and our previous friendship—make haste to find out about the man and inform me quickly. F o r I am thoroughly dispirited over this. So take thought for me, master, now, quickly, and write to us. 1. 7r(apd): on this fossil see P . Oxy. 1 8 3 1 . 1 , note. SXcos: read by Roberts on the photostat; op.a>s Vitelli.
VARIOUS DOCUMENTS OF T H E B Y Z A N T I N E P E R I O D
93
5. IlaXiTLov: Tla. .rlov Vitelli. At can still be discerned on the photostat and so the name would be JlaMrios cf. IJdXiSos in P . Oxy. 2243 (a). 52 sq. 7. TOV : the editor takes it to mean TWOS, but Ljungvik, Beitrdge, 38 is right in maintaining that TOV here should be taken as an enclitic form of the personal pronoun of the third person (avTov); cf. Dieterich, Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der griechischen Sprache, 192. 8. eV ru> 7TpaiT(0pCa>: for a discussion of the various meanings of this word, cf. Mommsen, Hermes, x x x v , 1900, 437 sqq. It can denote the building where the provincial governor used to stay either per manently or on his tours; it assumed the meaning of a government house. Other documents in which the word occurs in this meaning are, e.g., P S I v. 477. 2 (Hermoupolite nome, sixth century); P.London i. 77. 46, p. 234 ( = M. Chr. 319). See also Arch. iv. 116. 1 3 ; P. Gothembourg 7. 7 ; P. Oslo iii. 77. 14, note; P . Oxy. xvii. 2127. 1 0 ; xvi. 1921. 3 ; P. Berlin Zilliacus 8. 2 3 ; cf. Steinwenter, Studien zu den koptischen Rechtsurkunden aus Oberdgypten, 1920, p. 60, and Daris, op. cit. 269 sq. 9. vofiiKos: for the position of the vopiKoL in the Byzantine period cf. Taubenschlag, Opera minora, ii. 164 sq.; Wenger, Die Quellen des rd'm. Rechts, 489 n. 3 ; Steinwenter, Das Recht der koptischen Urkun den, I955» 10 (vop.iKos = tabellid). 10. /xta = probably / L u ' a < » = dirai-; cf. Ljungvik, Aeg., I.e.; Kapsomenakis, op. cit. 50; Tabachovitz, Etudes sur le grec de la basse epoque, 79 n. 1. The writer complains that his addressee did not write to him even once. hid ded>v = Sid 8e6v this is not the only confusion in this letter between
No. £ 0 6 . A receipt Hermoupolis. 7-5 x n cm. Stud. Pal. viii. 1299 (Wessely). Cf. BL iii. 236. L I T . : Johnson and West, Byzantine Egypt: Economic Studies, 263.
Fifth or sixth century A.D.
A receipt written by Theon and addressed to a certain Neilammon. As the right side of the document is lost and the number of the lost letters cannot be established, the meaning of the document remains obscure. I take it to be a receipt attesting the pay ment of an unknown tax by a K€a\aicoT-qs of the Jews. Secov NeiAdppcovt, T[CO K€(f>(aAauojTfj) 'Iovoaioov virep r [ Oappovdi to y lv(oLKTiovos) (2nd hand) io~r)p,(eLOJodpr)v) (Translation.) Theon to Neilammon . . . headman of the Jews, f o r . . . Phar mouthi 14, 3rd indiction. (2nd hand) I have signed. 1. Supposing there were more letters lost on the right side, the restoration may be T[<2 Kal Seiva; in this case the Jewish kephalaiotes had two names. 2. K€(f>( ) edit. There are two possible restorations of /«<£( ) : Ke(aXa<.(aXr)rlcova). In the latter case the meaning would be: the poll-tax of the Jews. Y e t K^aX-qrlayv is a term used in the Byzantine Empire in a rather late epoch (see for A.D 731 Zonaras, Epit. x v . 4. 1 0 ) ; cf. for the problem of the Jewish poll-tax in medieval Byzantium Dolger, Viert. J. soz. u. wirtsch. Gesch. xxvi, 1 9 3 3 , 1 sqq.; Starr, The Jews in the Byzantine Empire 641-1204,1939, p. 93 no. 14). The usual
SECTION
94
X I V : NOS. 5 0 0 - 5 1 4
term for poll-tax in E g y p t is imK€dXaiov. Therefore I prefer the restoration K€(aXaia>Trjs); cf. Johnson and West, I.e. The term K€<j>aXa.i(OTrjs has various meanings: (i) tax-collector; (2) head of local police; (3) official for the annona; (4) president of a guild or a corporation. Cf. Oertel, Die Liturgie, 225 sqq.; Cod. Theod. xi. 24. 6. 7 ; P . Oxy. 2229, 2233; P S I 1265; P . Merton 4 2 ; Norsa, Ann. d. R. Scuola norm, di Pisa, vi, 1 9 3 7 , 1 sqq.; Boak, TAP A lxviii, 1937, 212 sqq.; Johnson and West, op. cit. Since there was but little chance in the Byzantine age of a Jew being enlisted as a government official, the last meaning may be regarded as the best fitting the case. Some group of Jews (perhaps occupied in some trade or profession) are likened here to a corporation. Y e t , on this reconstruction, we have no verb and no amount paid, and the possibility that there is something seriously wrong with the readings cannot be excluded. xnrlp r[i)s . . . IVOIKTCOVOS (edit.). Y e t the date is given in 1.3. There are three possibilities: (a) the date was repeated; (b) the payment was also for arrears from, say, the 2nd indiction; (c) the editor's restoration is wrong, and the name of the t a x was recorded here. 3. iar]iJi(€i.(oad.p.rjv) is a note of a government official attesting the receipt of the payment.
No. £07. Letter from Kosmas Fayum. c. 9-2 x 23-5 cm. Sixth century A . D . Wiener Studien, xii, 1890, p. 82 (Wessely). P . Lond. i. 1 1 3 . 1 2 , d (Kenyon) with BL i. 240 (Bell). Album, i, pi. 144. L I T . : Kapsomenakis, Voruntersuchungen, 103 n. 1 . Kapsomenos, 'EmoTrip.ovi.Kr) 'Ener-qpis, vii, 1957, 360 sq.
A melancholy epistle, written in a large sloping uncial which suggests the sixth century. Kosmas, the writer, had been imprisoned by a creditor; and had turned for help to Georgios, who was head manager of a feudal estate and therefore a powerful man. Presumably Georgios could not free Kosmas without paying his debts: therefore he had replied with a request for sureties. In our letter Kosmas, after describing his plight and offering to leave the city altogether, promises the required guarantors. In the course of his narrative he makes a reference to 'Hebrews' ( 1 . 1 3 ) . The actual phrase is not quite certain, but there is no doubt of the general context—he is dwelling on the harshness of his creditor. We have here evidence for the reputation of Jewish creditors—perhaps indeed for the existence of Jewish moneylenders, who are not otherwise attested in Egypt after the early Roman period (C.P.Jud. I. 48 sq). I have revised the text from the original in the British Museum.
5
pos oovXos' T O eAed? crou KaraXd^rj pe OTL arreuavov 10
VARIOUS DOCUMENTS OF T H E B Y Z A N T I N E P E R I O D /xe T O anai; 15
/cat edv
TT)S TToXeOJS
20
TOVTO
OCXLS \xe
dvaxooprjae
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95
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.
.[.]
4. -yiq>: before y a half-expunged -p. dvji-: a corrected. 10, 19. c8ov pap. 1 1 . e[6]-: a rather short line (e<£[...). 13. 1. 'Eppalwv. 15. 1. ^e'Ajj?. 16. 1. dvax
(Translation.) To my good master and God-protected lord Georgios, by God's grace agent for the landowner: Kosmas your slave. Let your compassion fall upon me, for I have been dying in this prison for 18 months now. My creditor has murdered me after the fashion (?) of the Hebrews. Shed light on me this once; and if you wish me to withdraw from this city, I withdraw. Look, you were asking me for sureties, again I provide them for you, master. So this . . . r
4-5. dvTiyeovxiv) '• f ° the wide financial and administrative powers of these agents, see Rouillard, La Vie rurale dans Vempire byzantine, 3isq. 10. ISov Vfj /xi}p[e?: with the construction cf. L X X Deut. 8. 4 . . . 01 nobes oov OVK irvXutd-qaav l8ov reaaapaKovra CTTJ; N.T. L k . 13. 16 . . . fjv eSyoev 6 Zaravds l8oi> Sejca /cat OKTU> err); B G U iii. 948. 6 7) ffqrrip aov . . . dodevi elSov Sena rpis p.rjves. Blass-Debrunner, NT. Grammatik § 144*. 1 1 . xP ^ )s' the word usually means 'debtor'. B u t , as Youtie points out, a 'creditor' fits the con text much better, and this sense is in fact attested elsewhere (Kapsomenakis, op. cit.). 1 1 - 1 2 . i[6]vevoev: Stern compares JJP i x - x , 1955-6, 1 6 1 , line 1 0 : ovevei fie XeycDV e£eX0e a V efiov. 12. deo[i.[u>?]: lege or more Iudaeorum? I cannot parallel the expression; but, given the spacing, some form of Qeop,6s is hard to avoid. 6eay[ (which the trace allows) seems still less manageable. 1 3 - 1 4 . TO dira$ TOVTO means 'this once': cf. P . Abinn. 32. 8 ovvxU>TIO6V fie to mean 'shed the light of your kindness on me'. This fits the context admirably. B u t this use of <j>atTlt,eiv does not, so far as I can discover, occur elsewhere. The usual metaphorical senses a r e : 'make known', 'inform' and 'baptise'. Possibly, then, Kosmas was referring to previous appeals which had gone unanswered: 'let me know, this once'. 20. TtdXiy: is it temporal ('again') or logical ('in my turn', 'in response')? Alternatively, we might punctuate after TTOXW : 'you were asking me for sureties again'. ea
aT7
P. J . P.
No. £08. A sale of wine with deferred delivery Antinoopolis. 16-3x29-6 cm. A.D. 542. P . Ant. 42. (Roberts). L I T . : Taubenschlag, JJP v, 1951, 265. Bell, Journal of Theological Studies, N.s. ii, 1951, 205. Preaux, Chron. d'£g. xxvi, 1951, 422. Hombert, REG lxv, 1952, 428. Gilliam, AJPh lxxiv, 1953, 320. N. Lewis, Class. Phil., xlix, 1954, 65 sq. Taubenschlag , 337 n. 4. Zucker, Arch, xvi, 1958, 256. 2
S E C T I O N X I V : NOS. 5 0 0 - 5 1 4
9°
Aurelius Peieuous states that he has received from Aurelius Josephios, a Jew by religion, the full price of a specified amount of wine and declares his readiness to supply it at the coming vintage of the month Mesore. The wine must be of good quality and any found to be sour or musty up to the month of Tybi (inclusive) must be replaced. This document apparently constitutes a sale in advance, cf. Taubenschlag, op. cit. 3 3 6 sqq.; Montevecchi, Aeg. xxiv, 1944, 1 3 1 sqq.; Pringsheim, Greek Law of Sale, 268 sqq.; Bell, I.e. Since the money has already been paid, it seemed quite unim portant in drafting many of the documents with deferred delivery to give the price, and only the quantity of wine to be delivered is given. Both parties to the contract are inhabitants of Arjvatov Koofirj, a village situated in the Antinoopolite nome.
t %M [jB]aCTtAet[as TO]V 0€LOT(XTOV r)pcov oearroTov &X(avlov) ''IOVOTLVLCLVOV TOV alcovlov Avyovor\ov /cat] AvroKpdropos erovs elKoorov Tpta/cas" iv ert perd TTJV V7rar€i[av @X\(avlov) BacruXeiov TOV evho^ordrov) ©cod K6 eKrrjs IVSLKTLOVOS'
5
Avpr)Xios IleiiqvovTos e/c Trarpds ATTOXXCOTOS prjrpos ©e/cAa? r)yyv€L€Tov rod iyyeopevov rrpos rxdaav TTIOTLV Kal drrohooLV v7TOK€Lp[evr)]v 001 els TOVTO TO XP* ^pov Avpr]Xios IJeTpov e/c Trarpds Wdros prjTp(6s) ©eppovdlas yecopyol oppcopevoLs and Kcoprjs Arjvalov TOV AVTLVOITOV vopov t o . VVV SudycovTOS eVrau6a irrl TTJS avrrjs Koopr)s Arjvalov AvprjXlco ' Icocrr)ov docfraXelas e o ^ / c e v a t KOL TreTrXrjpcoodaL Trapd aov TTJS reXelas KOL d£elas TLpfjs OLVOV viov KaXlo(rov) Kal evapiarov piKpa dyylojv e/carov CLKOVGL iv rjpLOV drro tjeoroov rrevre ''IovoaiKov e/caorou piKpd yt(verat) OL(VOV) pLKp[[d) dyyla ovca (rjpLcrv) and ^(eorcov) e /cat ravra erolpoj? e^oj rrapaoxeLV GOL TOO /c(at)pa» TCOV rpvycov TOO Meaopr) prjvl TTJS Trapovorjs GVV deep eloLovorrjs Kaprrcov eftboprjs IVSLKTIOVOS /c(at) TOJV vav.rjs evpedrjoopevov o^ov rj dTrolrjTos r) o^opevos 9
P^[T ]
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10
15
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e/c TWV avTcov OLVOV ecos TujSt /cat avrov pevos TTJS avrrjs IV8(LKTIOVOS)
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OLVOV
25
/c(at) drroKaTaaTijoopev avrd TCOV OLVOV ecos aTTOKadeLcrra els Ta[s] dvpas TT)S ot/ceta? Trjs Kcoprjs tStat? pov dvaXcopaoL /c(at) yqvXov OL^d Trdarjs vrrepdeaecos Kal dvriXoylas' TrapeXOovorjs Se iv TCO avrcp /c(at)p[a>] et pr) aTro$OLr)v{v} TCOV avrtov OLVOV irolpcos e^co Trapaoxeiv aoi vrrep Trjs rovrcov (JLprjs ^/ouctou vopLopdrLa
VARIOUS DOCUMENTS OF T H E BYZANTINE P E R I O D 7T€.vre epycp
Tr(a)p
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97
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35
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IJer)vovT(os) ATTOXXOOTOS /uer' rpyyyzierov
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drro Kobpirjs Arjvalov hua. .rj[ (4th hand) 2. 1. erei. 28. 1. St/07?.
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1
(Translation.) I n the reign of our most godlike master Flavius Justinianus the eternal Augustus and Imperator, twentieth year, thirtieth day, in the year after the consulship of the most eminent Flavius Basilius, Thoth 29 . . ., sixth indiction. Aurelios Peieuous, father Apollos (and) mother Thekla, with his surety, me, Aurelios Petros, father Psas (and) mother Thermouthia, who make myself liable for any security or payment pledged to you in respect of this debt —being (both) farmers from the village of Lenaion in the Antinoite nome (and) at present residing here in this same village of Lenaion: to Aurelios Josephios son of Sourous, a J e w b y religion, from this same village of Lenaion in this same Antinoite nome: greetings. I , the aforementioned Peieus, with Petros as m y surety, acknowledge by this my written engagement that I have received in full payment from you the complete and proper price of one hundred and twenty one and a half small jars of fine and acceptable new wine, with five Jewish sextarii to each small jar, total 221£ small 5 sext. jars. And this I am ready to supply t o you at the time of the vintage in the month Mesore of this (D.V.) coming seventh harvest-indiction. And out of these same (measures) of wine, any . . . which shall be found t o be sour or imperfect or musty up to T y b i or within that same month of that same indiction are to be exchanged for you b y me against fine wine of better quality. And we shall deliver the wine to him . . . at the door of his house in the village, the expenses and transport charges falling on us, without any delay or dispute. And if I should not deliver this same wine, this same period being past, I am ready to deliver t o you, actually and a t once, five gold solidi against the price of (the wine), our property being pledged to you H
9
8
S E C T I O N X I V : NOS. 5 0 0 - 5 1 4
in respect of this debt, as if b y a court decision. This contract is valid and guaranteed; and, in answer to the question, I have made acknowledgement. Aurelios Peeus, with Petros as his surety, the aforesaid: I agree to everything as stated above. I , Aurelios Kyriakos, notary, wrote for him at his request, since he is illiterate. (2nd hand) I , Flavios Stephanos son of Kyros, witness the con tract after listening to the contracting party. (3rd hand) I , Phoibammon son of Pollon, deacon, bear witness to the contract after listening to the contracting party, (ist hand) Written b y me, Kyriakos. (Verso) Contract of Peeuous son of Apollos, with Petros as surety, from the village of Lenaion. . . . !• xw-y. '• there is no agreed rendering of this formula; see for this P . Merton ii. 94. 1 , note. 9. 'Icoorjfaos: this form of ^Iwarjrp is very common in Byzantine papyri; cf. e.g. P . Amherst ii. 139. 1 2 ; P . Cairo Maspero iii. 67306. 1 8 ; P. Flor. iii. 290. 7. 9-10. Zovpovs: this name is obviously masculine and has no connexion with the Hebrew S a r a ; cf. P . Lond. iii. 776. 5 (p. 278); ibid. 1. 2 2 ; ibid. iv. 1424. 64. P . Oxy. xvi. 1972. 5 ; 2037. 3 1 ; xviii. 2197. 142. 10. 'Iovoalcp TTJV OprjOKelav: for the development of the word in general cf. L . Robert, Etudes e'pigraphiques et philologiques, 1938, 226 sqq., and for its application to the Jewish creed cf. Bertram's remarks in ZDMG, N . F . xii, 1934, 4 sq., and Kittel's Theol. WB. s.v. Cf. also No. 513. 1 3 - 1 4 . TTeirX-qpuyadai. rijs reXeias Kal and irapeXdovros rov Kaipov' (Roberts). M. S.
No. £09. From an account Oxyrhynchos. P. Oxy. 2019 (Grenfell, Hunt, and Bell). L I T . : Johnson and West, Byzantine Egypt: Economic Studies, 52 n. 3 1 .
Sixth century A.D.
An account rendered to Flavius Apion I I , the rich landowner of Oxyrhynchos, of various receipts from his estates in the Oxyrhynchite nome. Among the numerous cultivators mentioned in the account a Jew, Enoch, is recorded. For the estates of the Apion family cf. E . R. Hardy, The Large Estates of Byzantine Egypt, 1 9 3 1 , passim; Johnson and West, op. cit. 50 sqq. 20
[^(apd)] 'Evcbx 'IovoaLov virep
21
(d/3T.)
yo(puap,aTLOv)
(rjpucrv?)
Apprj vo(pu,crp,aT.)
817/xoericas'?) yfj$ oi(rov) (o\pr.) [
]
p.r)' p s ' ' [....]..'
(Translation.) From Enoch the J e w , for public land, . . . artabai of corn, H of a solidus; 1,198 artabai, . . . solidi. 20. 'Eva>x' there were many people in Oxyrhynchos bearing this name in the Byzantine period; cf. P. Oxy. xvi, Index. There is no possibility of identifying any of them with the Jew mentioned here. The name, Enoch, the Biblical "JWI, was not used by Egyptian Jews in the Hellenistic-Roman age, but was rather frequent among the Christians. F o r 8-qp.oala yij ('public land') in the Byzantine period see Wilcken, Grundi. 310 sq.; Johnson and West, op. cit. 2 1 .
VARIOUS DOCUMENTS OF T H E BYZANTINE P E R I O D
99
No. po. From a list of payments Oxyrhynchos. P. Oxy. 2037 (Grenfell, Hunt, and Bell).
L a t e sixth century A.D.
A list of payments in corn and money due from various persons, (probably depen dents of the Apion family mentioned in No. 5 0 9 ) . A certain 'EVODX iTa/z/fyxiou is re corded in the document, but there is no reason to identify him with Enoch, the Jew, in No. 509. Jews are mentioned in 1. 30 only, as quoted below. 30
Trp(6s) rovs 'Iovoacovs vrrep I8(las) yrjs oir(ov) (dprd^as) i vo(pLapaTLOv) (rjpicrv) 8 pr)' ps*', KOL virep 8€ppdr(ojv) alytv(ajv) vo(piapaTLov) (jjpLOv) pt] , KOL virep Tip,(r}s) fivparjs vo(piapaTiov) 8' g' /
P
(Translation.) I n respect of the J e w s : for private land, 10 artabai of corn, H of a solidus; and for goatskins, §§ of a solidus; and for price of a hide, §§ of a solidus. virep tS(i'as) yrjs: on the 'private land' in Byzantine Egypt cf. Wilcken, Grundz. 314 sqq.; Johnson and West, op. cit. 39 sqq. Y e t the 'private land' owned here by Jews cannot be regarded as a latifundium, such as, e.g., the estates of Apion. I t was probably connected in some way with the estates of the Apion family and dependent upon it. Cf. Vol. I , pp. 105 sq. virep Ti(i(ijs) pvparjs: for Jewish tanners in medieval Byzantium cf. Starr, The Jews in the Byzantine Empire, 1939, 29.
No. £ i i . Lease of a workshop Antinoopolis. 17 x 11 cm. Second half of the sixth century (c. A.D. 570). P. Ross. Georg. I l l , 38 (Zereteli and Jernstedt). L I T . : F . Zucker, Byz. Zeitschr. xxxii, 1932, 87 sq. Pistorius, Indices Antinoopolitani, 1 9 3 9 , 1 8 , 29, 3 1 . Taubenschlag , 365 n. 4, 366 n. 21. 2
Lease of a shop situated in the southern agora of Antinoopolis below the dwelling of the lessor. The lessee is a Jew named Peret who intends to turn the place into a dyeworks, undertaking to pay for it a monthly rent. The lease is determinable, as often in this period, at the will of the lessor (cf. Comfort, Aeg. xiv, 1 9 3 4 , 80 sqq., Herrmann, Studien zur Bodenpacht im Recht der graeco-aegyptischen Papyri, 92 sq., Steinwenter, Das Recht der koptischen Urkunden, 3 8 ) . Jewish dyers do not appear to be referred to in other papyri, but it is noteworthy that non-papyrological sources testify to the interest displayed by Jews in the dyeing industry. Cf. e.g. for Jewish dyers in the medieval Byzantine empire Starr, The Jews in the Byzantine Empire, 28. For dyers in Egypt in general cf. Reil, Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Gewerbes, & c , 99 sq.
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SECTION X I V : NOS. 500-514
100
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(Translation.) Greetings to . . . who comes from this glorious city of Antinoopolis, from me, Peret, son of J o u a b b y my mother Rhosyne, a Hebrew b y race and resident here in the same city, being present before you. I, the aforemen tioned Peret, a J e w , acknowledge b y this my written acknowledgement of lease that I have of my own free will and choice leased from your eminence the work shop which belongs to you and is your property, in its entirety, being formerly a general store but now to be used for dyeing, situated in the southern public market-place, below your dwelling-house which is in the same southern forum of this city of Antinoopolis: the terms being, that I shall have it in my control to live in and to use, for as long a time as you wish, counting from the first of the coming month Epeiph of the forthcoming third indiction, both for the indiction itself and for the following period yearly; and that I shall give you on account of rent for the aforementioned room and workshop, in the condition in which it is, with all the rights pertaining to it, one and three-quarter carats of gold each
VARIOUS DOCUMENTS OF T H E B Y Z A N T I N E P E R I O D
101
month, without any recalcitrance or delay, at my risk and from the resources of my property of every kind . . . until the time (for returning the workshop to you . . .)• 2. KaXMnoXis: for this epithet cf. Hornickel, Ehren- und Rangprddikate in den Papyrusurkunden, 1930, 3 5 ; Pistorius, op. cit. 50. 3. TleprjT occurs also in Coptic documents (cf. the editors' note and S B 5950). A name TleprjS appears, e.g., in P . Lond. iv. 1458. 12. B u t the editors' argument that the name derives from the Hebrew root *T*1D is hardly convincing, since it is difficult to imagine a Hebrew proper name 1"1B = mule. The Pered alluded to in Ginzberg, Legends of the Jews, i. 396, is not a case in point. It seems that we should not look for a Hebrew origin for either TleprjT or Tleprjo in view of the fact that the etymology of the name TleprjS points to a Coptic origin; cf. Crum, Coptic Dictionary, 1939, 58. Littman's tentative inclusion of the name in the list of Arabic proper names has no foundation. ITeX-qr of, e.g., Stud. Pal. x x . 106. 5, represents the same name since the conversion of p to A is a well-known phenomenon in the language of the papyri. Cf. Mayser, Gramm. d. griech. Pap. i. 188; Kapsomenakis, Voruntersuchungen 45. '/ouajS: this name may well be identical with the Biblical Va>aj3 ( 3 X V ) . 4. 'Ep[pa]iov ™ eOvei: it is interesting to find here a Jew designated by nationality while in No. 508 another Jew is denoted TTJV dprjOKelav. Also here the Jew is designated 'Efipaios instead of 'IovSaios in No. 508; cf. Nos. 507, 512. 8-9. eKovoiws Kal avdaiperws: cf., e.g., P. Oxy. xvi. 1890. 4; P. Ross. Georg. iii. 36. 8; Soc. Scient. Fennica, Comm. Hum. Lit. xiv. 3 , 1947, p. 5, 1. 6. F o r the growth of this combination cf. Zucker, Byz. Zeitschr. x x x , 1929-30, 153 sq. 1 1 . oaXi' ov Sdv, see Horn, Subjunctive and Optative Moods in the Papyri, 7 3 ; Tabachovitz, Etudes sur le Grec de la Basse ttpoque, 26 sqq. 29. an[oKaTaordoeoi>s ? (edit.). M. S.
No. £ 1 2 . A contract to guarantee of sold wine Sixth or seventh century A.D. Fayum. 7-6 x 35 cm. Wiener Studien, xii. 81 (Wessely). P. Lond. i. 1 1 3 . 1 1 (a), pp. 223 sq. (Kenyon). L I T . : Reinach, RE J, xxxviij 1898, 225. Juster i. 206 n. 1 , ii. 67 n. 4. Hasebroek, Das Signalement in den Papyrusurkunden, 1921, 35. Pringsheim, Greek Law of Sale, 494 n. 2, 495 n. 1. Taubenschlag , 398 n. 3 . 2
Apollos son of Antonius declares his readiness to give to a Jew, Abraham, son of Theodotos, sweet wine coming from the succeeding seventh indiction in place of sour wine from the sixth indiction. The document reminds us of the clauses inserted in a number of sales of wine with deferred delivery dating from the sixth century by which the seller of wine undertakes to exchange the sour wine for wine of good quality if the wine has become bad before a fixed term (cf. No. 5 0 8 ; for a list cf. Pringsheim, op. cit. 494 n. 2). It appears therefore that here also we have to assume that the relations between Apollos and Abraham were similar to those specified in the abovementioned documents. The mention of the month Tybi squares well with this inter pretation, since this was the common term for the extension of the warranty. The present document differs from others of this kind in that it does not include a clause referring to the future delivery of the wine which in the parallel documents takes place in the month Mesore, the most common vintage month (cf. No. 5 0 8 ; Chr. d'£g., xiv, 1 9 3 9 , 1 6 6 , line 1 7 ; P. Flor. i. 6 5 . 9 sq.; Stud. Pal. iii. 1 4 1 . 3 , xx. 1 4 4 . 4 ) . It looks as if
102
S E C T I O N X I V : NOS. 500-514
the wine has already been supplied to Abraham and Apollos has only to guarantee its quality for some months. 'Eycb ATTOXXCOS VLOS AVTCOVLOV G7royyoK€(f>aXos drrd Kcoprjs Appaficov TOV ApoLVotrov [G]OL Afipaapicp eroLpcos GOL rd
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(Translation.) I, Apollos, son of Antonios, sponge-headed, from Arabs' Village in the Arsinoite nome, to you, Abraham, a Hebrew, son of Theodotos, from the city of Arsinoe: I am ready to exchange for you the sour wine (which may be found) among the one hundred and twenty-eight kouri of wine from the yield of the sixth indiction, up to the month T y b i ; and I shall give you wine to replace it to your satisfaction from the yield of the seventh indiction; and you are to have the enjoyment of the sour wine of the sixth indiction: as was agreed between us. Written in the month Thoth, 19th, 6th indiction, b y me, Elias the notary. 1. onoyyoKeaXos: cf. S B 4668. 6, also 'Ia>dvvrjs Znoyyos in P. Oxy. xvi. 1903. 3. xwfirjs Appdficov: for this place cf. Wessely, Topographie des Faijum, 1904, 39 sq.; P. Tebt. ii, p. 368; Universite Ibrahim, Annates de la Faculte des Lettres, ii, 1953,28. (The second -p is here written above the first.) 3. W e have to take T&V eKardv KTX. as gen. part. Apollos has sold 128 Kovpi of wine and has to substitute sweet wine for that quantity of the 128 Kovpi which loses its quality before the month of Tybi. 6. St' ip.ov: cf. Gardthausen, Stud. Pal. xvii, 1917, 1 sqq.; Calderini, Aeg. x x x , 1950, 39 sq. ovp.fio\cuoypdos: ef. Steinwenter, Stud. Pal. x i x , 1920, 62. M. S.
No. ^ 1 3 . A deed of divorce between Samaritans Hermoupolis. A.D. 586. Bell and Rees, Eos, xlviii. 1 ( = Symbolae Taubenschlag dedicatae), 1956, 176. L I T . : Gorteman, Chr. d'lig. x x x i , 1956, 372. Taubenschlag, JJP xi-xii, 1957-8, 379 sq. Seidl, Studia et Documenta Historiae et Iuris, xxiv, 1958, 441. Herrmann, Sav. Ztschr. Ixxv, 1958, 463. Daris, Aeg. xl, i960, 215, 276.
The following document consists of two fragments found separately, but which constitute together the main part of a deed of divorce. The deed is couched in terms
VARIOUS DOCUMENTS OF T H E BYZANTINE P E R I O D
103
of a bilateral agreement. As is common in the divorces of the Byzantine Age, the par ties attribute their decision to some malign fortune (cf. Taubenschlag , 1 2 3 n. 77, and also P. Cairo Maspero 6 7 1 2 1 , 6 7 1 5 3 , 6 7 1 5 5 , P. Lond. 1 7 1 2 ) . Both agree to have hence forward no claim against each other and that either party shall be free to contract a new marriage. Another provision deals with their daughter. The chief interest of this papyrus for us lies in that the parties to the divorce are both designated as 'Samaritans by religion'. We knew from the literary sources that Samaritans lived in Egypt at least from the time of Alexander the Great (Jos. ant. 1 1 . 3 4 5 ; cf. 1 2 . 7 ) . Samaritan settlers in the Fayum are attested by the name of the village Samareia (Nos. 2 2 ; 2 8 ; 1 2 8 . 8 ; P. Rylands 7 1 . 2 2 . Cf. also Excavations at Nessana, iii, no. 9 1 , col. I, 1. 5 : ©eo86pov 2ap,apeos with Kraemer's note) which is found in documents from the third century B.C. onwards. They emerge also as taking part in a dispute with Jews in Alexandria in the time of Ptolemy Philometor, as re lated by Josephus (ant. 1 3 . 74 sqq.); also some works known from Jewish-Hellenistic literature are thought by scholars to have originated in Samaritan circles; cf. Schiirer, iii. 4 8 1 , 495 (yet see Rigg, HTR xxxiv, 1 9 4 1 , 1 1 1 sqq.), 499. For their activity in Roman Alexandria, we have the evidence of a passage in the Scriptores Historiae Augustae (Vopiscus, Vita Saturnini 8 ; cf. Dessau, Die Samaritaner bei den Scriptores Historiae Augustae, Festschrift Lehmann-Haupt, 1 9 2 1 , 1 2 4 sqq.). Their importance in the life of Egypt in the Byzantine Age is illuminated by Cod. Theod. xiii. 5 . 1 8 from the year 390 (cf. also Photius, Bibl. cod. 230, ed. Bekker, 285). The deed of divorce from Hermoupolis and an unpublished receipt mentioned by Bell and Rees in a note to this papyrus are the first concrete examples afforded by the papyri of individual Samaritans living in Byzantine Egypt. The legal document has nothing to show which is not to be found in similar divorces coming from sixth-century Egypt. Only one of the names mentioned here is Biblical (Erebekka). 2
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SECTION X I V : NOS. 500-514
104
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(Translation.) In the reign and consulship of our most godlike master Flavius Mauricius Tiberius the eternal Augustus Imperator, fourth year, second of Mesore. These reciprocal acknowledgements of separation and divorce are mutually established and entered into, so that for security a single original copy should rest with either party, b y Aurelios Justos son of Sampsikos . . ., cellarer, on the one part, and on the other b y Aurelia , mother Erebekka, being Samaritans by religion (and) both from Hermoupolis. Greetings. They make the following mutual acknowledgements: whereas we were recently united with one another with a view to lawful matrimony and community of life and for the procreation of children, according to the custom of men, with fair hopes; and whereas today, we do not know why, from some malign and evil fortune, they wish to part from one another: hereby acknowledging that they have and will for the future have no claim against one another about any matter whatsoever, great or small, belonging to their mutual cohabitation—not about the dowry, not about the wedding gifts, not about the expenses of the marriage, not about legal claims or liability or court-action for complaint; but either party may engage in another marriage henceforward and from the present day, as has been set down. And it was agreed that our daughter Eudokia . . . (Verso) (Divorce) . . . of Aurelios Justos son of Sampsikos, cellarer. 5. F o r the name 'Iovaros among the Jews cf., e.g., CI J 929, 946; Jos., vita 34 sqq., 397, 427. The name of the leader of the Samaritan revolt under the Emperor Zeno (A.D. 474-91) was Justasas, Malalas (ed. Bonn), 382; Chronicon Paschale (ed. Bonn), 603 sqq.; Stein, Histoire du Bas-Empire, ii. 31 sq. 7. EafxapiTai rr/v dpTjoKtav: cf. No. 508. IO. 'EpzfiiKKa: Biblical names (Simeon, Menasseh) appear also in the unpublished Samaritan receipt referred to above. 10. Kara, TTJV iv dv6pw7roi.s scil. ovvyOeiav. 1 1 . OKCUOV novripov scil. 8a.tp.ovos. For exactly the same combination see P. F l o r . 9 3 . 1 3 ( = M.Chr., 297). 19. Professor Rees' revised reading as given in private communication. M. S.
VARIOUS DOCUMENTS OF THE BYZANTINE P E R I O D
105
No. C14. A Samaritan mentioned in an account Nessana. Excavations at Nessana III (Kraemer J r . ) , no. 95.
Late sixth-early seventh century A.D.
A line from a papyrus consisting of an account of purchases and an inventory written on the verso of no. 97, ibid. The date reached by the editor is based on palaeographic reasons. The emergence of a Samaritan in Nessana of the Negeb squares well with the great expansion of the Samaritan people over all parts of Palestine in the Byzantine Age, as is known from literary sources; cf. Avi-Yonah, Eretz-Israel, iv, 1956, 129 (in Hebrew); Adler (ed.), 'Une nouvelle Chronique samaritaine', REJ xlv, 1902, 91 sq. 1. 17
en
Ua[xapir[r)]
(Translation.) Item, to the Samaritan . . . M. S.
SECTION XV
VARIOUS DOCUMENTS OF THE LATE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE PERIODS T H I S section includes: (a) some documents published after Section X I I was already in the press (Nos. 515, 517), and one unpublished document (No. 5 1 6 ) ; (b) some papyri mentioning Sambathions which were not included in Section X I I I (No. 518 a - d ) ; (c) two semi-literary papyri which reflect anti-Jewish feelings in E g y p t in the second and third centuries A . D . (Nos. 519, 520). M. S. A. F .
No. g i g . A fragment concerning Jews in anachoresis Provenience unknown.
First half of the second century A.D.
Bulletin de la Faculte des Lettres de Strasbourg, xli, 1963, pp. 273 sq., no. 301 (Schwartz).
The following fragment probably derives from a list of persons drawn up by some official in view of defects in the revenue from taxes. The deficits were, as it seems, caused by the retreat of taxpayers from their place of residence (cf. 1. 7 : iv avaxcoprjcrei), and it is well known that the representatives of the administration used to keep lists of fugitive defaulters (cf. N. Lewis, JEA xxiii, 1 9 3 7 , 6 9 ; P. Ryl. 595). The three persons listed on the remnant of the papyrus are all Jews. The first of them, Noumenios the son of Petos, is mentioned twice (cf. commentary). The names of the other two are not preserved. The nature of the quantities indicated in 11. 4 and 8 remains obscure. The terminus ad quern for the document is given by the verso, a loan of money dated A.D. 1 6 1 - 9 (Bulletin de la Faculte, etc., loc. cit., no. 303), but according to Schwartz it is not palaeographically impossible for the recto to be dated as early as the reign of Trajan. In any case dating it in the first half of the second century A.D. would seem to be fairly safe.
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D O C U M E N T S O F T H E R O M A N AND B Y Z A N T I N E P E R I O D S 107 . . . of Noumenios son of Petos, (mother) Semthois, . . ., 7th year, . . . from those who have deserted their homes . . . of . . . os, . . . J e w . . . . . . . (without distinguishing marks??), 93^. . . . Jew. . . . 2. N]ovfii)vtov TOV IT€Twro(i). The name Noumenios occurs in No. 29, in a list of Greek and Jewish military settlers (mid-second century B . C . ) ; it is well attested among Jews of the Hellenistic and Roman periods. W e find a Jew called Noumenios in the second century B.C. acting as an envoy of the Hasmonean state to Sparta and Rome (1 Mace. 1 2 . 1 6 , 1 4 . 22. 24; J o s . ant. xiv. 146); cf. also Clf 1 4 2 - 3 ; Leon, The Jews of ancient Rome, i960, 285. The name was undoubtedly common in the Semitic environ ment; cf. Puech, Annuaire de Vinstitut dephilologie et d'histoire orientates, ii, 1934 ( = Melanges Bidez), 754. It is noteworthy that both parents of Noumenios bear Egyptian names (Petos and Semthois). For Jews bearing Egyptian names already in the Ptolemaic period cf. Nos. 9, 38, 44, 99. The name Petos occurs in No. 417 (A.D. 59), from Babylon in the Heliopolite nome. 4-5. A horizontal stroke separates, towards the left, 1. 4 and 1. 5 (editor). 5. It may be suggested that Noumenios is here mentioned a second time because the arrears either of two different years or of two different taxes were separately listed; cf., for example, P . Oxy. 1438, where in a list of arrears of taxation caused by disappearance of the persons concerned Sarapammon son of Psois is listed twice (11. 10, 17). 6. 'Au d^but, traces d'une haste verticale. Ce qui precede l'indication de l'annee pourrait etre un lambda surmonte d'un trait horizontal (abreviation pour un impdt?)' (editor). 7. Cf. B G U 447. 6 (Marcus Aurelius): ovra iv avaxcoprjoei. F o r another example of the part played by dvaxcoprjoLs even in the first half of the second century A.D. cf. Rostovtzeff, SEHRE ii, 1957, 677 n. 5 2 ; see also V. Martin, Papyri und Altertumswissenschaft, Vortrdge des 3 Internationalen Papyrologentages, 1933 (1934), 144 sqq.; Henne, Akten des VIII Internationalen Kongresses fur Papyrologie, 1955 (Vienna, 1956), 59 sqq. M. S.
No. ci6. Fragment of a document concerning Jews Oxyrhynchite district. 6 X 7*5 cm. P . Schwartz ined.
Second century A . D .
This papyrus is from the private collection of Professor Schwartz. It is published here by Professor Schwartz's courtesy. The reading is his. A new document deriving from the Oxyrhynchite district, dated in the second century A . D . and subsequent to the Jewish Revolt under Trajan, which has a bearing on Jews. Does it refer to some payment imposed upon Jews (cf. No. 452ft) ? The bad preservation of the papyrus precludes an answer. Kopoj$[ 'IfiiOJVOS
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(Translation.) Korobis. . . . Ibion. . . .
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SECTION X V : NOS. 515-520
io8
And b y supplementary notices . . . d e b i t . . . (year) of Hadrian . . . in respect of the above-mentioned J e w s . . . all of them (in all?), 40 ( + x ? ) a r t a b a i . . . b y Petronius M(amertinus). . . . 1. Kop(x>fi[ . A village Korobis in the Oxyrhynchite nome is mentioned in P . Oxy. 45. 9 ( A . D . 95) and P . Lips. 1 1 4 . 4 ( A . D . 133). 2. 'Iflitovos. I t is quite difficult t o identify the place. A village named 'Iftiuv Xvaios is known from P . Oxy. 1442. 2 ; 1637. 2 7 ; 1724. 1 3 , though the editors in their note to the last-mentioned document question its connexion with the Oxyrhynchite nome. A village 'ijSiW K[ is among the names of villages from the ninth pagus of the Oxyrhynchite nome. Cf. P . Giss., no. 1 1 5 . 6. Jlerpojviov M. The papyrus seems t o allude t o Marcus Petronius Mamertinus, praef. Aegypti in the years 1 3 3 - 1 3 7 A . D . Cf. A . Stein, Die Praefekten von Agypten in der romischen Kaiserzeit, 68 sqq.; Reinmuth, RE, Supplementband viii, 531 sq. M. S.
No. £,17. Application for lease Antinoopolis. 14 x 13-6 cm. P . Ant. 89 (Zilliacus). L I T . : Thomas, JHS lxxxii, 1962, 179, Zucker. Arch, xvii, 1960-2, 250.
Early fourth century.
An application for lease of private land. The applicants offer to take the land in question for one year and to give to the landlord in lieu of rent a half share of the har vest, taxes to be paid by the landlord. For terms and phraseology of land-leases see in general Herrmann, Studien zur Bodenpacht im Recht der graeco-aegyptischen Papyri; cf. also Johnson, Roman Egypt, 74 sqq. There are probably three lessees: son of Origenes (1. 2), a man whose father's (or mother's) name has been preserved in 1. 3 (cf. note ad l o c ) , and Isak son of Patetis (1. 3). Since writing and phraseology indicate the first half of the fourth century, Isak may well have been a Jew (cf. Vol. I, Introduction, pp. xvii sq. and Introduction to Section X I I , p. 4). [
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7. 1.
imvep/rjdeiaas.
(Translation.) To . . . son of Antinoos, senator of the most illustrious city of Antinoos, from . . . son of Origenes, of the village of Alabastrine, and from . . . son of . . . tirous, and from Isak son of Petetis, mother T a . . ., (both of them?) from the village of Pesla in the Antinoite nome. We wish of our own free will and choice to lease from you for the present year only of the twelfth happy indiction the (arourai) which belong and are allotted to you on the island opposite the village of Pois—part of the estate of Straton—the portion which falls to you, of whatever area it i s : with a view to the sowing of . . . seed. And by way of rent, both in kind and cash, we shall give to you, the landowner, a half share of the resulting yield of seed . . . ; and to us, the lessees, in return for the farming operations we carry out and for the expenses of all kinds from the sowing up to and including the harvest . . . the remaining half share. All the public dues and assignments and imposts and annonae . . . for the said land rest on you, the landowner. The lease is valid, and in answer to the question we have made acknowledgement. . . . t 2 - 3 . 'On the assumption that there are three lessees, ]r\[.]\povros (the altered letter is doubtful) has been taken as the father of the second of them; but its ending looks feminine; there might be room before it for two short masculine names and p.7]rp6sy (editor). 3. 'IoaK (also spelled 'IaaKis and Eloodi<) is very common in the papyri; cf. Nos. 42. 1 1 - 1 2 ; 78. 3 ; 7 9 . 3 ; 136. 3 ; 149. 4. 22; 426; 428. Col. I, 7; 428. Col. I I . 9; 469. 1 6 ; 476; 477. 3 ; 480.3; 501. 4; 502. 3 , 4; for a possible feminine derivation of the name, see No. 455. 4. 'Before and KTJWJU.???: possible dfj.6repoi (abbreviated?)' (editor). F o r the village Pesla, Isak's domicile, see P . Wurzb., 8. 7, note. 6. Land-leases in Egypt are normally of short term both in the Ptolemaic and in the Roman and Byzantine periods; one year's lease is very common; cf. Herrmann, op. cit., 90 sqq.; Johnson, op. cit., 82. 6-7. Mention of the twelfth indiction makes the papyrus later than the third century. 8. 2JTpdr[a>vos KXijpov]: a itXrjpos of this name in the Hermoupolite nome is known from the Strassburg papyrus published by Wilcken, Arch, iv, 1 3 1 , 1. 23. 12. F o r rent fixed at half the interest cf., for example, P. Thead. 6; P. Lips. 22-24 (all of the fourth century). 18. 'Perhaps T]afiet,a[i
SECTION X V : NOS. 515-520
no
No. £ i 8 . The Sambathions No.
518a
Philadelpheia. 10 x 9 cm. 9th October, A.D. 65. Bulletin de la Faculte' des Lettres de Strasbourg, xl, 1961, p. 201, no. 298 (Schwartz).
A deed of lease of a vineyard; the lessor is a woman whose name is not preserved (T.[. . . . , in 1. 4), she is represented by Charixeinos. The lessee is a man whose name is only partially preserved QVLXO-OJ, 1. 9), a 'Persian of the Epigone'. The lessee's father's name was Sa^adioyv. For the Sambathions see Introduction to Section X I I I and for the forms of the name ibid. pp. 43 sq. For viticulture in Egypt cf. Schnebel, Die Landwirtschaft im hellenistischen Agypten, 239 sqq.; and for supplementary planting in vineyards ibid. 254.
5
"Erovs OOJ\O€KCVTOV Nipoovos KAavolov K[alaapos Uefiaorov reppLayVLKOv AvroKpdropos prjvos AneXXalov b[coSaKdrrj &a]edL { a } ocooeKarrj {Se/cdV^} iv <2>tAaSeA<£ta r[rj]s *H[paKXeLoov puepioos] rov Apouvoelrov vopuov. iploOoooev T. [. . . . ~\v p[' - ^ ' • -°^ ^S" ircov 7Te\yTr\KovT
vo
co
ra ovXr)
Jet dpiorepq aKpa puerd Kvpiov ro\y iavrijs Xapi\^eivov TOV Xapi£evov ro[£»] /cat 2. [ ] co? eVcDfv] rpiaKcovTa 7re'[We] ot>(Xr)) p,erco[7roj Jvt^ato TOJL EapifiaOicovos LTeporj T~rj[s ej-n-tyo10 vrjs iroov rpi\aKoovTa ovXr) perojircp i£ dpiarepdov r)v e^et avv rtojt iavrrjs VICOL MdpKo Mep,p.lcoi IJoorjdp,ireXco]vo[s] dpovpav /x[t]av /cat rovs 7rape[cr7r]a/)puivovs ] . . . 9 Kaprrovs Tpls, TOV pkv dp7r[€Xcova err' €TT). . . diro rov] iveorwros Sa>8[e/caVo]u e[rovs Nepoo15 vos KXavSlov Kalaapos Ze^aar\ov FeppaviKov [ ] . o 8 . dv[ (Translation.) Twelfth year of Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus Imperator, twelfth of the month Apellaios, twelfth of Phaophi, at Philadelphia in the Herakleides division of the Arsinoite nome. T , aged about fifty years, a scar on the tip of the l e f t . . ., under the guardianship of her . . . Chari xeinos son of Charixenos also called S , aged about thirty-five years, a scar on his forehead . . ., leased to . . . nichaos son of Sambatheon, a Persian of the epigone, aged thirty years, a scar on his forehead to the left, the one aroura of vineyard which she holds in common with her son Markos Memmios Pose . . . , and the three . . . trees planted in it—the vineyard for . . . years from the present twelfth year of Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus. . . . A.
F.
D O C U M E N T S O F T H E ROMAN AND B Y Z A N T I N E P E R I O D S
in
N o . r,i82> Provenience unknown. 15 x 8 cm. A.D. 89-90. P I F A O 328 (Bulletin de VInstitut Francais d'Archeologie Orientale, xlvii, 1948,196 sqq.) (Schwartz).
This papyrus is concerned with the river transport of state grain to the granaries in the Neapolis quarter of Alexandria. It seems that guarantors stood surety for the safe delivery of the grain (lines 6, 1 2 ) ; the guarantee is reinforced by an oath by the Tyche of the emperor (the earliest known instance of this kind of oath). Details remain obscure because of the mutilation of the papyrus: there are no parallel docu ments before the fourth century (P. Oxy. 2 3 4 7 ; W. Chr. 4 3 4 ) . For us the main interest of this text lies in the name Sambathaios in line 22—context obscure.
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20
AvTOKpdr[opos
FeppuavLKov
pL€Tgx[ov]s
] TOLS
Karayoo-
Srjpioolov
[dpijvvopLev
] Nea
15
rrpos
ato"Ti7S"
Kal
7)pi,cpy
y€v\rj(p,aros)
rov
ar)GK[
opay€ia[
8t,€Xr)X(v66Tos) rj
(erovs)
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]
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25
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01
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drr[o
] . . . t S . Kal drro dr\g 8t[ (Translation.) . . . of . . . os and of Apollonios . . . of guarantee . . . selected . . . (by the) sitologoi (?) to convey down river . . . state . . . we swear b y the Tyche of Imperator Caesar Domitianus Augustus Germanicus . . . and to their col leagues, sitologoi, guarantee ( ? ) . . . that we (they) will hand over in Neapolis . . . to those in charge of Neapolis . . . the aforementioned . . . public seals ( ? ) . . .
SECTION X V : NOS. 515-520 112 sesquiplicarius (??) . . . seals ( ? ) . . . of the crop of the past 8th year of our lord Domitian . . . a hired boat . . . of Sambathaios . . . from the granary . . . from . . . and from the granary. . . . A. F . No. Karanis. 24 x 28 cm. The Archive of Aurelius
r/i8c A.D. 320.
Isidorus, no. 77 (Boak and Youtie).
A petition coming from the archive of Aurelius Isidorus (cf. No. 474) and addressed to the praepositus of the fifth pagus of the Arsinoite nome. Aurelia Tales complains of the brothers of her late brother-in-law Aion and accuses them of not fulfilling their duties as guardians of the orphan daughters of Aion and her sister. The name of the first-mentioned among the brothers of Aion is Sambathion. For other Sambathions in Karanis cf. Nos. 484, 4 8 6 a , 4866, 4 8 7 , 4 8 8 , 4 9 2 , 4 9 6 , 4 9 7 . [^4]u[pT7]Ato) K[. . . . ] • [ • • ] rrpaL7roarir[tp]
e
rrdyov
[V]a[p]d Avpr]Xia[s T]aXrjros TIaXr)pL[o]vos drro KOjp,[r)s Kap]a[vlo]os S i ' ep,[ov rod dvSpos] ['I]oi[$]obpo[v d]rro rrj[s] avrrjs Ktbpsqs. on XPi )] vpuas TOVS rrpeTrooir[ovs] [ c. 10 lett. ] . a [ . . ] . r[r)v] Traaa[y] /cnSat/xovt'av 7rot[et]cr0at rcov dypoLKto[v >-]yep[']v yrr[ c. 10 lett. ] . a . . a>[. ,]gpcpy [t]outo 7raat rrp68r)Xo[v] KadearrjKev. [ro]y [877 o]vv rrarpcps y\ov TereAeu-] 7
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Kal
D O C U M E N T S O F T H E ROMAN AND B Y Z A N T I N E P E R I O D S 1 1 3 15 rrj[s KJaTaXeXtppevrjs arropas vrrd TOV Aicovecos, TO Se Xiijjavov av\r]rjs girgpas pteL
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• [••]
y,
3. 1. irpanrooiTOVs.
4. 1. K7)8epi.oviav.
10. 1. KaraXeiipavTcw iraibta. \eX€ip.p,evr)s, Xeiifiavov. Oeiot,.
I I . 1. iraioicov. 16. 1. imredetoas.
21 1. vf}pets, ivT€iXdp.evoi.
5>
^o.Tpos. 1 2 . 1. inei.
7* !• Ka.TaXeXeip.p.eva. 14. 1. nXeiorov.
18. 1. KaTaXeXeip-p-eva.
22 1. epeiv, KareiretyovTOS.
9. 1. A'Cuivci. 1 5 . 1.
19. 1. K7]hep.oviav,
23. 1. npooeip.1 001.
Kara-
iraihiarv,
24. 1.
Kara-
TTapaox^iv, Zir-qyyeiXavTO. 28. ivrvyxavovo-qs. (Translation.) T o Aurelius . . . praepositus of the 5th pagus, from Aurelia Tales daughter of Palemon, of the village of Karanis, acting through me, her husband, Isidorus, of the same village. T h a t it is incumbent on you, the p r a e p o s i t i . . . to take the fullest care of the rural. . . , this is evident to all. When my father died . . . fifteen years ago leaving XeXeip.p.evatv.
27. 1.
ii4
S E C T I O N X V : NOS. 5 1 5 - 5 2 0
me and another sister of mine, Koulilla b y name, as his heirs, the two of us divided the legacy and each managed the arourai that fell to her share. Koulilla then married Aion, of the same village, and the two of them died, both my sister and her husband, and left behind two small daughters. The children's father had brothers—Sambathion . . . nius, and . . . pheras, as well as land, six cows, two donkeys, two colts, and shares. . . . Inasmuch as the father's aforesaid brothers, after taking possession of all the property left b y my sister and her husband, harvested the largest part of the crop left by Aion but have not so far harvested the rest of the crop; and they not only have broken (?) the seals placed on the farm-buildings b y the father of the orphans . . . and removed the property left there, but with supreme disregard of the law, although they are bound by the laws to guardianship of the children—for they are their paternal uncles—they also neglect the land; and furthermore, when I reasoned with them, they heaped upon me insults of no ordinary kind, having enjoined upon me . . ., therefore, unable to endure the situation, with the time pressing in which thought must be taken for the land, I necessarily resort to you and re quest that you summon these men and compel them to compile an inventory of the entire legacy and to give their full attention to the land, to the end that they (i.e. the arourai) be kept productive and the orphans suffer no loss, and to provide a bond lest they do to me in fact what they threatened in speech, so that in response to my petition the entire matter may be adjudicated in accord with the laws while my lord the most renowned praeses, Valerius Ziper, is in residence. Farewell. I , Aurelia Tales, acting through me, her husband, Isidorus, have submitted this petition. I , Aurelius Paulus, have written for him since he is illiterate. The 6th consulship of our lord Constantine Augustus, and the ist of our lord Constantine Caesar, . . . 3 (?). I. 77-pcu7roaiT[a> irdyov—for the various administrative and police functions of the praepositus pagi cf. Johnson and West, Byzantine Egypt: Economic Studies, 99; N. Lewis, JJP ii, 1948, 54 sqq. F o r petitions to the praepositus pagi cf. also No. 518^ and The Archive of Aurelius Isidorus, nos. 68, 75, 76, 78, 126. I I . Za(j.f3adlo>v is the common form of the name in the Roman age; cf. the Introduction to Section X I I I , p. 44. M. S.
No. r/i8d Karanis. 1 8 x 2 6 - 6 cm. P. Merton 92 (Rees, Bell, Barns).
3 1 May, A.D. 324.
Another petition to a praepositus of the fifth pagus deriving from the archive of Aurelius Isidorus. Isidorus addresses Dioskoros the praepositus to punish some wrongdoers who have let their animals loose on his crops (for transgressions of this kind cf. Taubenschlag, Archiv Orientdlni, xx, 1 9 5 2 , 65 sqq. = Opera minora ii, 1959, 567 sqq.). In his present petition Isidorus refers to a similar incident which was caused by Ammonas son of Kapeei, Sambathion son of Syrion, and two other individuals whose cattle let loose damaged the corn-crops of Isidorus. That incident had already pro duced an earlier petition also preserved among the papyri of Aurelius Isidorus (The Archive of Aurelius Isidorus, no. 78), but the names of the transgressors are not mentioned there.
D O C U M E N T S O F T H E ROMAN AND B Y Z A N T I N E P E R I O D S 1 1 5 AiOOKOpCO
7TpaLTTOOLTCp e' TTOVyOV
irapd 'Ioiocbpov TlroXepLalov aV6 KcbpLrjs Kapavioos. pas virep ras oyhooiKovra, 5
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8vo.
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KarafSefipcoKaoiv,
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4. 1. eveKa. 6. 1. Karearreipa. 10. 1. varepov. I I . 1. 8e8a>Kora. 1 2 . 1. 8vvd.pi.evoi. 13. 1. fie, iyKaraXelipai. 14. 1. reXeiov. 15. 1. exeZoe. 17. 1. KOirevra, aiTOKeifievov. ev rat ire8iq) above the line. 19. 1. p.et(,6vo>v, KaraXap.f3av6p.eva. 20. 1. KaranajXeiodai. 21. 1. x<*>/3efv. 24. 1. aKoXovOla. Improved readings at the end of 11. 6 and 10 are by Prof. H. C. Youtie.
(Translation.) To Dioskoros, praepositus of the 5th pagus, from Isidorus son of Ptolemaios from the village of Karanis. I possess over eighty arourai, for which, though they are not sown, I have for long paid the dues to the treasury and for this reason I have been reduced to poverty. F o r I experienced great difficulty in sowing, with enormous toil and expense, only eight of these with corn and two with grass-seed. So, when at the time of their growth Ammonas son of Kapeei, Sambathion son of Syrion, Sotas son of Achillas, and Ptollas son of Ariston let their cattle loose on the corn-crops and devoured them, on that occasion also I sent you a petition on the subject. B u t later, when the crops had grown and put forth their fruit and reached ripeness, before they were
u6
S E C T I O N X V : NOS. 5 1 5 - 5 2 0
harvested, again the same persons, plotting against me and possessing great influence and wanting me to desert my home, set the same cattle upon the crop and let it be completely devoured, so t h a t nothing a t all could be found there. Further, there was Harpalos the shepherd t o o : he let his beasts loose on the grass-crop and the hay t h a t had been cut and lay in the field, and they devoured it. And therefore I am unable to keep silence, since the headmen have frequently given instructions that the beasts caught damaging other people's crops should be sold and half of the proceeds should go to the treasury and the other half to the victim of the damage, with their herdsmen or owners also exposed to risk of liability. So I submit my petition, asking that they be brought before you and take the consequences. Farewell. Under the consuls who are to be elected for the 4th time, Payni 6. I, Isidorus, have submitted the petition. I , Heron, have written for him since he is illiterate. M. S.
No. 5 1 9 . A fragment of a discourse on athletics and theatrical performances Provenience unknown. Late second or early third century A.D. W . Schubart, Griechische literarische Papyri, 37, Berichte der Sachsischen Akademie der Wissen schaften zu Leipzig, Philologisch-historische Klasse, xcvii B a n d , 5. Heft, 1950. L I T . : Hombert, Chr. d'E\g., xxvi, 1951, 165.
The following text is one of the 44 literary papyri published by Schubart in 1 9 5 0 . The hand of our papyrus is according to the editor similar to that of the great Bacchylides papyrus and it is palaeographically dated to the end of the second or the beginning of the third century A.D. Most of the texts published in Schubart's volume are of an obscure character and were aptly defined by P. Maas, Gnomon, xxiii, 1 9 5 1 , 2 4 3 as 'Wartetexte', i.e. texts the meaning of which may some day become clear by being brought into connexion with other material either existing or new. The present papyrus eminently suits this definition. It cannot, to the best of our knowledge, be identified with any preserved text. Consequently the following remarks are to be regarded only as provisional. The text of which this papyrus is a fragment relates in some way to athletic games (see, e.g., hlavXoi, 86X1x01, ara&ia, iyKpivavres, perhaps also i)XiK.la) and to some theatrical performances (see, e.g., 8p&[xa, 6dap,a, perhaps also TTVXIS). The impression got from the text is that it is a moral discourse which possibly criticizes some of the aspects of the enthusiasm for athletics (cf. Schubart, op. cit., 7 1 sq.). One is inclined to think of a Cynic or Stoic Siarp^-q on similar subjects, as the much reserved attitude of these schools to professional athletics is well known (cf. Juthner, Philostratos iiber Gymnastik, 1 9 0 9 , 4 6 sq. with the literature quoted there; Dudley, A History of Cynicism, 1 9 3 7 , 87 sq.). The main interest of this papyrus for us lies in the mention of 'Iovha'Cicov jtoprlov in 11.18-20. It may be surmised in view of 11.12 sqq. that a theatri cal performance, possibly a mime, is alluded to here (Sptifxa, 8id 7rvXl8os, KTX.). In that performance an actor impersonating a Jew and carrying some burden appeared. This burden was easily identified by the public as Jewish and one would suggest it to be some specifically Jewish object, as, for instance, a Torah scroll, Tephilin, etc. Y e t a better explanation has been suggested to us by Dr. B . Lifschitz who takes oprlov to mean a tax (riXeopa), referring to a text in Excavations at Nessana, iii, 75. 5. Jews seem to serve not infrequently as an object of mockery in the mimos. Cf. No.
DOCUMENTS O F T H E ROMAN AND B Y Z A N T I N E P E R I O D S 1 1 7 158a!, Col. I, 6—7 : xAevdl^aov rov drro OKrjvfjs Kal e/c fj.eifJ.ov jSaaiAea. We may add also a striking passage from midrashic literature (Midrash Echa Rabbati, Introduction no. 1 7 , ed. Buber p. 1 4 ; cf. Bacher, Die Agada der Paldstinensischen Amor der, ii, 1 8 9 6 , 1 1 4 sq.; Krauss, Taimudische Archdologie, iii, 1 9 1 2 , 1 1 7 sq.; cf. also Smallwood, Philonis Alexandrini Legatio ad Gaium, 1 9 6 1 , 3 2 1 sq.). The mention of Jews in a discourse of the second or third century is not without its parallels. Cf. Dio Chrysostomos ap. Synesium (ed. Bude" ii, p. 4 1 0 ) ; Menandros of Laodicaea (Spengel, Rhetores Graeci, iii. 366), both passages not included in Reinach's well-known collection: Textes d'auteurs grecs et romains relatifs au Judaisme. Fragments A and B of our papyrus seem to belong together; there is no definitive placing of other fragments (cf. Schubart, p. 7 1 ) .
Fr. A TTXCIOVL
F r . B , Col. I
xp6vto[i]
Kal
aavrov rj per\a\-
ovhaiKov 2 0
/3r)9i TTOV TCOV S[t]avXcov r) SoA[t]5
OJV
a
X >
o
L
Kal
d£v Trap*
tore]
25
rrcos r)[peLvj
KOO-
pLcoT[epoi]
e^e?
Tcve[s
i^t*]*
rrapa[
].
[
] ]
fiviA.
] °^ . . .JTTCU
30
. . .~\ov
Std irvXl[bos yap e ] veoTtv
oai
e/c[
. . .]'r)cr
]
pablcos [
ev-
v
cb[s rrap]-
]/caAos* €iXr]cj)€V t [ 15
dXXd
. . .]
aXcos Kal Spa[.]pa
rj TOV
[. . . . do*]-
KCKX[.
rjpetv
opTi-
yeAare ol Se
6pcope\yov\
va Ta ordS[id eWtv]
10
TL
elprjpevov
[£Xa~\
co
ov:
pvoaTTeo9\[aLj\e TO
dAAct 7 r o A A d rj [po~]TOVTO
c\>iptov *I-
[O]VTOS
. . .].
] ...]
r d [o]vp[^dvTa. Fr. B , Col. I I evOverrrj cppovr]06LV 7r€pl 35
jStou /ca[t]
TCOV
45
evKpeivdvTcov,
aKpa[ola]
F r . B , Col. I l l
ftXrjdrjvaL Ttva
(Traces of one line)
St' dpoplav
avTcp
/catrot
ocbpaTos, 40
So/cet BvaTVx^pa TO TOLOVTO 7TaVTCOS TOV
..
ro[.. .
r) brjrrov Xoyos e/cKal
oial\rr)s\ TL.[.
Se Trpoorj\i\
dvTaycoviOTas KCOXVCLV
OV€i8oS, OKal
coa-
rrep r)pcov TOVS 50
ovxl
Tpe)(€LV
7r[[poai]]et/)a>
\\j)Ov]\p€VCOV x
L
TOVS
OVK
dXX* OV' dvTaycovio-
S E C T I O N X V : NOS. 5 1 5 - 5 2 0
n8
55
ras, K a l KaXtos y* iroLrjcrfyav rr)v dcrOeveiav rr)v iavroov opuoXoyovv-
60
. . . ] . K€Kpi. .] KairoL . . N^eairoXet . . .]i r)XtKLai . . fieQ^ov? e)(ov[o*t ] vocrrjaras ...]/>
80
OI>XL
(Traces of one line
. .. ].vat
.]eAaju.[...
70
. .JAdvra
75
. ]j8l7<7€Ta[l]
. .
Kal
Fr. F
Fr. G
]av[...
. . .]jLta/c[. . . .. .]r)opa[. . . . ..]rtve[...
]r)p [... K
. . .]pocrv[.
>/«[. . .
] ^At/c[ta ]^ocrt/Lt[. . . ]nap[.
.]7rAeo[.. . .]p,€Vo[.
.]eKaijU.[...
]rrap[...
85
Fr. E
Fr. D
Fr. C
65
res, tva purjSe pueydXov rcv[d]s oirjtrde 0\e\dp,aro\s eo^rep[fjcr]6aL K a l T [ . . .]erw
90
..
Fr. H ...]T)V
.J]pya
. .
. . .].Kai[.. .
. . .]eavo)
. . .]€Kfi-q[.
...].
. . .]vTOj[.
.. . .
...]«
...]/xar[... . ,T]OCTOVT[.
95
. . . ].ov
• ••]•/> . .
...]oo8[... . . . ] €7Ttr[o . .
21. Second e above the line.
51. etpw above the line.
53. OVK above the line.
55. First a above line.
(Translation.) (Fr. A.) . . . yourself . . . more time . . . ; or pass on from (change over to?) the double-lapped or the long races, (since?) you are fond of many other things than just the single-lap races. This, my friend, is sharp and . . . among us . . . safely . . . drama (?) . . . h e took over . . . F o r through a window it is possible . . . easily . . . the results . . . . (Fr. B . ) Col. I . . . . this man too bearing a Jewish burden.—Why do you laugh ? why are some of you disgusted at what was said or at the man you see ? B u t somehow some behaved more properly to us yesterday (?—or Y e t how did some (of us?) behave more properly yesterday . . . ? ) . . . . Col. I I . . . . will think outspokenly (?) about those who admitted to the contest. Or is it indeed reason able that a man should be excluded even because of bodily ugliness—and yet this sort of thing is regarded as a misfortune, not at all as matter for blame— but when there is in a man intemperance both of life and of regimen (?). . . . Col. I I I . . . . him . . . to run, as when we try to obstruct those who are competing against us, but not those who are not competing against us. And they did well
D O C U M E N T S OF T H E ROMAN AND B Y Z A N T I N E P E R I O D S n g to admit their own weakness, so t h a t you may neither think yourselves deprived of some great spectacle and . . . . (Fr. C.) . . . judge . . . yet . . . new city (Neapolis?) . . . age (ages) . . . larger . . . have . . . after falling ill . . . not . . . . l
5. 50i Vielleicht Fehler st. on' (ed.). 9. '/ce'»fA[ijTat] ? oder /ceVAfeiarai] ? der Begriff "sichern" o.a. wird durch doaXd>s n nahe gelegt' (ed.). 12. 'opapa moglich, da die Liicke klein ist; 8pd[y]p.a passt schlecht, ebenso eine Zusammensetzung mit Spaxpy z. B . 8i]8pa[x]/*a' (ed.). 14 sqq. 'scheint gesagt zu sein, man konne durch ein Fenster die Vorgange auf der Buhne sehen' (ed.). 18 sq. epu>v 'IovoaiKov opriov. One is of course reminded here of the famous passage in Matt. 2 3 . 4 : Seopevovotv 8e opria jSapea Kal ovofidaraKra Kal imrtdeaaiv iirl TOVS d)p,ovs TWV dvdpurnoiv. Cf. also Matt. 1 1 . 28; Luke 1 1 . 46. F o r the talmudic parallels see Strack-Billerbeck, i. 9 1 1 sq. B u t it is difficult to see any connexion between the metaphorical use of oprlov in the Gospels and the Talmud and its rather concrete and visual use here. 35. F o r athletic eyKpiois and iyKptrat see the full treatment by L . Robert, Hellenica, xi-xii, i960, 334 sq. 5 1 . 'irpoaipovp.evcov verb, in TTeipaip.evaiv' (ed.). 54—55* 'irovrjoiv verb, in i^Toi•t]aav (ed.). 64. I t is impossible to judge from the context which of the many places called Neapolis is meant here. One of them Flavia Neapolis was in Palestine. F o r games in Palestinian cities in the Roman period cf. Schiirer, ii. 48 sq. An inscription from Aphrodisias in Karia (second century A.D.) mentions expressly the Neapolis of Samaria as one of the cities in which a famous athlete won a victory; cf. L e Bas et Waddington, iii, 1620&: Niav noXw rrjs Zafiaptas dv8pd>v iravKpdnv. Another possibility to be considered is that the speaker had in view one of the parts of Alexandria called Neapolis; cf. Kees, RE xvi. 2130. ,
72. 83. 87. 91.
Schubart suggests ovpJ\^rfoerai. -qXiKia is, according to the editor, doubtful. Schubart thinks of the possibility of reading opd or opdor)v. Schubart suggests, e.g., r]eKp.rj[piov. M. S. A. F .
No. p o . A fragment of Graeco-Egyptian prophecy bearing on Jews Provenience unknown. 11 x 12 cm. Third century A.D. PSI 982 (Vitelli). Melanges Maspero, ii, 1934, 123 (Manteuffel). Cf. Arch., x . 25 (Korte). L I T . : Manteuffel, op. cit. 119 sqq. Preaux, Chr. d'ltg., xi, 1936, 525 n. 3 . Roberts, The Oxyrhynchus Papyri, xxii, 1954, 89 n. 4.
This text, the verso of a papyrus the recto of which is a list of names, has been dated on palaeographic grounds in the third century A.D. In view of expressions such as o-rjv TTOXLV'ipy\\iov,raAcuva Atyvm-os, and of the future tense of the verbs occurring in it, the fragment has been related by Vitelli to the so-called 'Potter's Oracle'. This view has been generally accepted. The first texts belonging to this genre were published by Wessely, Denkschriften Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, xlii. 1893, I I . Abhandlung 3 sqq. (one a Rainer papyrus, the other from the Graf collection; the texts can now be found also in Manteuffel, De opusculis Graecis Aegypti, etc., 1930, 99 sqq.; Reitzenstein-Schaeder, Studien zum antiken Synkretismus, etc., 1926, 3 9 sq.). Another text belonging to the Potter's Oracle had been published by Roberts in P. Oxy. xxii, no. 2 3 3 2 (see also the
S E C T I O N X V : NOS. 5 1 5 - 5 2 0
120
fragment from Trinity College, Dublin, published by Roberts, ibid., p. 92, n. 3 ) . And, probably, PSI 760 also is to be connected with the Oracle. The Potter's Oracle originated in Pharaonic Egypt, but the form in which it is known to us derives from the Hellenistic Period (cf. Wilcken, Hermes xl, 1905, 556 sqq.) as it prophesies the ruin of the hated Alexandria and a subsequent golden age for Egypt. Roberts, basing himself on the Dublin text (see above), ascribes the Oracle as we have it now to the third century B.C. The Potter's Oracle texts do not show any anti-Jewish traits, in which they differ from the papyrus printed here, which almost certainly refers, with hostility, to Jews. The supplement 'Iov[8aiois in 1. 4, proposed by Vitelli, has been accepted by all scholars who subsequently dealt with the papyrus (Reitzenstein; Roberts; Manteuffel sug gests 'Iov[8aicov, see below, Commentary). This is borne out by i£ 'Eyvnrov iypefiXr)fjLtvoL in 1. 8, which is in line with the Graeco-Egyptian tradition of the Jews' expulsion from Egypt. Also, the expression xoAos "Iat,8os in 1. 9 has a striking parallel in a passage from Chairemon, the Graeco-Egyptian writer of the first century A.D., relating to the expulsion of the Jews from Egypt, under the leadership of Moses and Joseph, in the time of Pharaoh Amenophis (see Commentary). The Jews are dubbed irapdvop.oi, in our text; their description as dvoaiov edvos is only a conjecture of Manteuffel not ac ceptable to us (see Commentary). Manteuffel, basing himself on his conjecture, brought our papyrus into relation with the Jewish Revolt under Trajan. However, there is no reason for this. An anti-Jewish tradition existed in Egypt for many generations before the revolt of A.D. 1 1 5 - 1 7 (cf., e.g., No. 1 4 1 , with Remondon's paper in Chr on. d'Egypte xxxv, i 9 6 0 , 2 4 4 sqq., and the literary sources referred to in the Commentary). Our prophecy may even originally derive from the Hellenistic period. The papyrus itself dates, as stated above, from the third century A.D., as do the Rainer papyrus and the Oxyrhynchus papyrus of the Oracle of the Potter, that is to say in an age in which much interest was again taken in this kind of literature. It is worth noting that with the possible exception of No. 5 1 9 our text is the only papyrological evidence for anti-Jewish feelings in third-century Egypt (see Commentary to 1. 7 ) . ] E T ? OVTCLS aVKLOOL Ao[
] . . .aiv
rdXeva
Aiyv7r[ros
] dvdpo7TOL r d lepd,
~\.tpy ]o-r)v
5
TTOXLV
~\oy. aaapcr]
dvS
1
Pj/OES Kal
LTTTTCOV ear
dvrl
] e£ 'Eyvirrov
at
7rpocf>r]Tcov
apo/XT[ ol rrapdvcop,OL
7rpocf>rjTrjaJ\
0€ocf>[. ]ros
].s
].v[
U[p€?]LS
Kara
^coAov "IoiSos
7rporjrr)s
^KaroiKrjoovoi,
].
[
eyjSejSA^/xe'voi \[r)cr€L8otTyr)vr)Xiov]\
\[Kr)oovoL 10
L7TTT.[
eireXde ovv '/ot»[8atot? eprjpbov yevdodcu [
araOeLS.
dprjCTKevojtn rots
[ [
TSTCDREUCR<e)T rd
pieylaroLs
[
Oetov [ §KK[
] • • • [ • • .]-8eis j8ao-[
]...[..>..[ 2. 1. rdXaiva. 3 . 1. avBptairoi,. "J. 1. •napdvofioi. 8. 1. Alyvnrov, E/CJSEJSAT^EVOT. 8 - 9 . The bracketed words are cancelled by parentheses and by curved strokes above each letter. 9 . 1 . x°^ ' n > <» °i dpn]OK€v
DOCUMENTS
O F T H E ROMAN AND B Y Z A N T I N E P E R I O D S
121
(Translation.) . . . being . . . unhappy Egypt . . . men . . . sacred things (temples?) . . . placed. Therefore go against the J e w s ( ? ) . . . your city become desolate . . . o f horses (stable?) . . . shall be . . . lawless . . . and in place of prophets the law-breakers . . . cast out from Egypt b y the anger of Isis . . . they shall settle, a prophet shall have no office ( ? ) . . . serve the divine . . . to the greatest.... 2. 'La prima lettera pote essere />' (Vitelli). For rdXawa Atyvrrros cf. Potter's Oracle in P . Rainer, Col. 1,1. 4. (Our numeration of the lines of the Potter's Oracle is according to Manteuffel's printed text in the above-mentioned De Opusculis &c.) Manteuffel suggests in this line Aiyvir[ros d' o5 fjp£av KaTapo—and at the beginning of 1. 3 : -veiv 01] dvdponoi. 4. eireXde (Vitelli). Manteuffel's conjecture is here: irr^jf^XOev ovv Iov8aia>v dvoaiov edvos. Basing himself on this, he maintains that our text originated in the Jewish Revolt of A.D. 1 1 5 - 1 7 and that it is to be related to the Acts of Alexandrian Martyrs. Characterization of the Jews as dvoaiov edvos could have supported the supposition that our text is somehow connected with the Jewish Revolt and even with the AAM since during the revolt dvooioi became almost a standing designation of the Jews and this is echoed in two pieces of the Acts (see Nos. 438, 443, and 158a Col. VI, 1 4 ; 157 Col. I l l , 49-50, cf. Fuks, JRS li, 1961, 103 sq.). However, dvooiuts was used in the third century B.C. by the Egyptian priest Manethon to denote the way his co-religionists were treated by the Jews (Jos. c. Apion., 1 . 248, cf. Fuks, Aegyptus, xxxiii, 1 9 5 3 , 1 5 7 sq.) and dvoaiov edvos could be referred to this Graeco-Egyptian anti-Jewish tradition as well (see above, Introduction, and below Commentary to 1. 8). Whatever the case may be, the preserved text does not have dvoaiov edvos. 5. ware rrjv] o-qv—Manteuffel.—eprjp.ov yeveadai cf. the Potter's Oracle, P. Rainer, Col. 1,1. 19 and 1. 32 : iroXis ipr)p.u>d-qoerai. 6. 0-aap.r)—'Innanzi ad ap.-q la lettera o non e assolutamente escluso possa essere A' (Vitelli). Reitzenstein in a private communication to Vitelli had suggested daXdp.7) imrwv, but this reading was rejected by Vitelli after a second examination. Manteuffel prefers tfidfj.p.7).—ayopii[ cf. the Potter's Oracle, P. Rainer, Col. 1,1. 3 3 : Bid rds dvofiias KrX. 7. irapdvofioi—cf. the Potter's Oracle, P. Rainer, Col. 1 , 1 . 1 : Kal rrapdvopiov. It certainly refers to the Jews who are the e£ 'Eyvnrov iyPepXrjpievoi in the following line. The last evidence for anti-Jewish feelings in Egypt before the date of this papyrus is No. 450, from A.D. 199 to 200, which mentions an annual festival in the Oxyrhynchite district in commemoration of a victory over the Jews in A.D. 1 1 5 - 1 7 . (Cf. L a t t e , Romische Religionsgeschichte, i960, 324.) But even that papyrus does not show any marked anti-Jewish tendency, nor does the last of the Acts of Alexandrian Martyrs (cf. No. 159). 8. e£ 'Eyvnrov eyPel3\r)p.evoi. The expulsion of the Jews from E g y p t was a recurring theme in GraecoEgyptian literature and goes back at least to the beginning of the Hellenistic age, cf. Hekataios of Abdera ap. Diod. Sic. xl, 3 , 1 sq.; Manethon ap. J o s . c. Apion., i. 86, 88, 94; Diod. Sic. x x x i v 1 . 2 : TOVS yap dXoi>s 77 Xenpas exovras iv rots owp.aai Kadapp.ov X&P ^ ivayeis avvadpoiodevras vnepopiovs iKfiefSXr\o6 ai' tovs oe igopiodevras KaraXafieodat piev rovs trepl rd ' IepoooXvfia ronovs. (Possibly from Poseidonios. F o r another view see Aly, Strabon von Amaseia, 1957, 199 sqq.) Lysimachos ap. J o s . c. Apion., i, 304 sqq.; Chairemon, ibid., 288 sqq.; Justinus (Pompeius Trogus) x x x v i . 2. 12 (terminis Aegypti pellunt); Tacitus, Historiae, v. 3.—'HXlov [vrjoov] suggested by Korte in view of the Potter's Oracle, P. Graf. F r . 1 , 1 . 2. 9. x^Aov "ZciSo? (see also ijaciSos in 1. 8). One is tempted to connect our papyrus with the tradition found in Chairemon about the wrath of Isis which caused the expulsion of the defiled people (i.e. Jews) from E g y p t ; cf. Jos. c. Apion., i. 289 = Schwyzer, Chairemon, 1932, F 1 , p. 26 = Jacoby F. Gr. Hist., iii, C 618, F I : r)alv on Kara rovs vrrvovs 17 Vox? i(f>dvrj rat Apevaxfret. (ie[io^.evT] avrov, on to iepov avrrjs iv ra> rroXefMa KareaKarrrai. &pinf$avr7jv 8e lepoypapiparea dvai, idv tcov tovs pioXvopovs ixdvrtov dvopatv Kaddprj rfjv Aiywrov, iravaeadai tijs WTOias a u T d V (290). c m A c f a v T a 8e tcov imoivutv (ivpidBas eiKoomevre iK^aXeiv r)yeiodai 8' avrd>v ypap,pareas Maiarjv re Kal *Iar\nov KTX. (on Chairemon's Egyptian History cf. Schwyzer, op. cit., 12 sq.). 10. l8ia>revo\[e'J\i (Korte). iSiwrevoi. [ (Vitelli). 1 1 . 0f6<j>\y\ros—(Korte). Be6[av]ros—Manteuffel. 0pr)OKevo^[e']\i Korte. M.S. J
LV
s
I N D E X T O T H E D O C U M E N T S IN VOL. Ill* i. E M P E R O R S , G O V E R N O R S O F E G Y P T , AND (a)
EMPERORS
Diocletianus AvTOKpdrcop Kataap (Tai'o? AvprjXios OvaXepios AiOK\"r)Tt.av6s repfxaviKOS Meyiaros EvoeflrjS EvrvXVS 2ef3aoT]6s, 473. 1 4 - 1 6 .
Tiberius TifSepios Katoap Eeftaoros, 482. 5-6. Claudius
Maximianus AvT[o]Kpd[rcui]p Kataap MdpKOS Avp-qXios OvaXe pios [Ma$ip.iavds Pepp-aviKOS Miyiaros EvaefS-qs
TifSepws KXavSios, 483. 10. Nero Neponv KXwihi.os K[ataap
Zefiaords]
PeppaviKos
AvTOKpa.T<x>p, 5 1 8 a . 1—2, 1 5 .
I
_ I
Kaivaravrtvos Se^aaros, 5*8c. 3 1 . Constantinus Koivaravrtvos Kataap, $l8c. 3 1 .
20.
Traianus AvT0Kpdra>p
I
Evrvxys Uef3aoT]6s, 473« 5 6 . Constantinus
Domitianus AvTOKpdra>p Kataap Aopxriavds Uefiaards /cp/xavtKOS Kvptos, 485. 9, 10-20, 24-25, 26, 30; 5 8 b . IO-II,
CONSULS
Katoap
Nepova Tpaiavos
repp.aviKos AaKixos, 487*
Eefiaards
IO-I2.
Hadrianus AvroKpdrcjp Katoap Tpaiavos ASpiavos Se^aaros Kvptos, 453. 5-6, 1 9 ; 454. 1 5 - 1 6 ; 455. 2 2 - 2 3 ; 488. 1 ; 489a. 3 ; 516. 4. Antoninus Pius Avrrnvtvos Kalaap Kvpios, 462b. 5 - 6 ; C. 5 - 6 ; d. 2 ; e. 2 - 3 ; f. 1 - 2 ; g. 2 - 3 ; 491. 8-9, 14. Marcus Aurelius and Verus Avprp\ios AvTOiylvgs Kal Avpr)Xtos Ovfjpos Kvpioi Uefiaarol, 462b. I—3.
Justinianus
AvTOKpdrojp, 5I3» 1 - 2 .
(b) G O V E R N O R S O F E G Y P T Mettius Rufus Memos 'Povos, 4 8 5 - 8. Valerius Ziper OvaXepios Zl-nep, 5 1 8 c . 28.
Septimius Severus AvTOKpdrcjp Katoap AOVKLOS EeirrlpLios Heovrjpos [Ev\gef$r)s Tleprlva^ ApafiiKos Aoiafl-qviKos Tlap6I[KOS] Meyioros SefSaards Kvpios, 4^5* > 495*
(c) C O N S U L S
1 0
4 - 5 , 6-8, 10—II.
Caracalla AvTOKpdrwp Kataap MdpKOS Aipi)Xios Avrwvtvos EvoefHjs 2Jef3aoTOs Kvpios, 4^5* 5 495* 4~6> 8, 11-12. 1 0
Geta IJovf3Xt[os] ZeiTTlfiios -Tera [Katoap] Kvpios, 495* 8 - 9 , 1 1 - 1 2 .
2ej}[aor\os
Dio Al]u>v, 473. 14. Tiberianus Tifiepiavos], 473* 4 x
Sexlus Quintilius Condianus 2e£oros [K]gyivTlXios Kov8[i]avos, 49°* Sextus Quintilius Maximus 2e£oros KOVIVTIXIOS Md£)ip,os, 49°* *•
* When passages out of context have been printed in this volume the references to them in the Index and in Appendix I I are given as if every passage started with line 1 (e.g. 489a. Col. I l l , 26 = Col. I l l , 1 ) .
2. P E R S O N A L
NAMES
A , s. of Phelphas, 5 0 1 . 2. ApiraXos, 5 1 8 . 16. Afipadpaos, s. of Theodotos, 5 1 2 . 2. ApnaXos, s. of Kanis, 492. 3. ftPpafios, f. of Paabos, 4 7 1 . Col. I I . ApnaXos, s. of Sokras, 4 9 7 c . 4. AyaOos, 5 0 2 . 2. .#]/37roKpaTicov, s. of Dios, 493. 6. Ayevfjs, s. of Ouenaphris, 4 9 7 c . 1. Apawot] d. of Hermias (cf. Zapfiddiov), 4 8 9 ^ Ayx^is, s. of Onnophris, 497a. 5. Col. I. Ayxtyis, s. of Satabous, 497a. 7. Aprep.lSa>pos, s. of Kaisios, Alexandrian, 490. 2 , 5 . Ayx&is, f. of Satabous, 492. 1. Apreficov, s. of Sambathion, 4 8 1 c . ASpaaros, s. of Chairemon, 4 5 4 . 3, v. Apaijais, f. of Kanis, 492. 3. Aopao-Tos, f. of Chairemon, 4 5 4 . 4. ^ T . . I S , 5 0 1 . 7. .M£a/ae'A (cf. 'Hpds), 464. 24. ^Ti'cr^s, 497b. 5. .Hftji-ats (cf. Zap-fSarls), Phrygian, 490. 3 , 5. Arpijs, s. of Sambathion, 4 9 1 . 2. AdrpiLoiv, f. of Sambathion, 489b. Col. I I ; i. Col. Avyapos, 469. I. XIII. ^4i5Ao?, 4 5 2 a . 1 2 . h. of Koulilla, 5 1 8 c . 9, 1 5 . Avyfjs, f. of Paesis, 4 9 7 c 5. #/cei[s, f. of Akiaris, 4 5 9 . 5. Avpr/Xia, sister of Aurelios Theon, 4 7 3 . 3. AKidpis, s. of Akes, 4 5 9 . 5. AvpyjMa, d. of Erebekka, Samaritan, 5 1 3 . 6-7. AX[£\£a{v)o os, 469. 1 5 . Aip-qXia TlroXijia, w. of Aurelios Joannes, 4 7 4 a . 1 ; b. 1. Apidpavros, 4 5 2 a . •M/Xfiovovs, 486a. 4. Avpr/Xia TaXrjs, w. of Isidores, 5 1 8 c . 2, 29. Appuov, 499- « Avp-qXios, 498j. I. Afip.u>vdpiov (cf. jFTaAAfo'tKij]), 493- 3^upijAto? JicWopo?, b. of Aurelios Joustos, 4 7 3 . Apiuovas, s. of Kapeei, 5 1 8 d . 7. 7-8, 1 2 - 1 3 , 26. ^l/u,/Lt[t5vt]os (cf. Zafietvos), 493. 1 2 . Avp-q[Xios] Oeutv, b. of Aurelia, 4 7 3 . 2, 2 1 , 22. ApLOlS, 4 9 8 j . 2. AvprjXios ' I O V O T O S , b. of Aurelios Dioskoros, 4 7 3 . Anla>v, f. of Neoteris (cf. 7 \ . . ) , 468. 6. 7-8, 1 2 - 1 3 , 26. AvopovLxos, 470- > * AvprjXios ' I O V O T O S , S. of Sampsikos, Samaritan, ^IviK-ijToy, f. of Paseis, 4 7 5 . 9. 5 1 3 - 5. 20.^ Aviva, 504. I. AvprjXios 'loan, 477* 3' .Hwafos, f. of Pesouris, 4 5 2 a . 7. AvprfXios 'Iotocopos, 4 7 4 - 3" b- 3•JlvoO^is, s. of Panetoeus, 4 7 2 a . 3. ^4vp^Aios 'Icodwrjs, h. of Aurelia Ptolema, 4 7 4 a . AvrQyoos, 5 7 * 2, 1 5 ; b. 2, 8. /IvTtovtos, f. of Apollos, 5 1 2 . 1 . ^4up^Ato? 'Ia>orj(f>ios, s. of Sourous, 5 0 8 . 9. Avrwvios Aetos, MdpKos, 4 5 4 ' > 7> ^4]u[pi?]Ato? . . , a praepositus, 5 ! 8 c . 1. Avrtavios Md£ip:os, MdpKos, 4 ° 4 - 6. Aip-qXtos KvpiaKos, a notary, 5 0 8 . 30, 36. •MvTwvtos OuaA^?, MdpKos, 4 4 « 4 AvprjXios MaKpofiios, 477* AvTOivios Eeprjvos, MdpKos, 464* AvprjXios IlavXos, 5*8c. 30. Ampeis, 497t>. 6. Aip-qXios ITeirjvovs, s. of Apollos, 5 ° 8 . 4, 1 2 , 29, ATTIOJV (cf. Kaxds), 464. 28. 37Artloyv, 4 9 5 . 1 3 . AvprjXios Ilirpos, s. of Psas, 5 0 8 . 6, 1 2 , 29, 37. /lmu>v, f. of Timokrates, 4 5 5 . 5, 7-8. AvprjXios Eafieivos, MdpKos, 4°4* 5^7roAAcovto?, a royal scribe, 4 8 5 . 29. •du/^Aio? Eap.ovrjX, 503AnoXXaivios, 5 1 8 b . 5. Afoooovs, m. of Harpokration, 4 9 3 . 6. ^7-oAAcyvio?, f. of Didyme, 468. 7. .MxiAAa?, f. of Sotas, 5 l 8 d . 8. ArroXXd>s, s. of Antonios, 5 1 2 . 1. AxiXXev[s, 4 8 5 . 29. ^woAAtus, f. of Aurelios Peieuous, 5 0 8 . 4, 37. •Mx^c^s, f- ° f Chairemon, 489g. Col. X I I , 1 . Apip.^15, 4 7 2 b . 3 . AxiXXevs, f. of Jakob, 4 7 5 . 1 3 . AptoTtov, f. of Ptollas, 5 1 8 d . 8. B , b. of Sambathaios, 4 8 2 . 1 5 . flp«( ). 4S2a. 5. Apnayddr]s, s. of Satabous, 492. 1 . Bdvis, 5 0 1 . 6. Apnayddrjs, s. of Satabous, 492. 2. Berrjs, 486a. 5. ^Ip7ra[^]ai?, s. of Pascheis, 4 8 5 . 1 3 . Bunas, 4 5 2 a . 6. P
2
r
2
a
t
i >
I
0
J
v
T
2 >
PERSONAL
124
raiavos (cf. KX
(cf. '/ep]avoi?7ns),
2
/lefos, 486a. 5. Aeios, s. of Dios, 493, 7. Jefos, s. of Dios. 493. 7. [Jeioj?, f. of Dios, 493. 7. J[ef]o?, f. of Harpokration, 493. 6. Jcios, s. of Petheus, 491. 1 , 1 2 . Aetos, s. of Sambathion, 493. 8. Jefos, f. of T . , . , 493. 2. Ar/fias, f. of Petoraipis, 492. 1 7 . Arjp.6vei.Kos, s. of Myros, a priest, 490. 2. Athvpyrj, d. of Apollonios (cf. Taprjs), 468. 7. A8ify*]7j, w. of Herakleides, 498d. 1 . Aiovpvq, d. of Ptolemaios (cf. ©arjois), 464. 1 1 . Ai.ovp.ioiv, f. of Pasoknopaios, 488. 4. Ji'8y[p.oj, 498d. 3 . AlSvpos, s. of Didymos (cf. TTToAc/xafos), 459. 1 . Jt'Su/ioj, f. of Didymos, 459. 1 . Alovpos, s. of Isidoros, 493. 5. Aioyevrjs, s. of Serenos, 475. 10. Aioo( ) , f. of Sambathion, 489g. Col. X I I , 2. JidScopos (cf. IJeovpis), 4^4- Aiovvota, 4 5 26. 2 0
2 a <
JMWCHOJ, 453- 7-
Jiovvaios, S. of Horos (cf. IJaTrovrws), 454* 5* f. of Mystas, 481a. Col. IV, 1 . A tos, s. of Pasion, 468. 8. AtooKopos], a census-officer, 492. 22. Ai6oKopo$, a praepositus, 5i8d. 1 . AwoKopos, s. of Tiberinos, 497b. 2. Aiok&s,
f. of Tapsotis, 485. 16.
Elprjvatos, f. of Leontas, 483. 6, 10. Elprjvq, m. of Isak, 501. 4. EloaaK, 469* 16. 'EXevi}, d. of Tothes, 468. 6. ' i J p . . . , f. of Enok, 478a. 'Evqk, s. of E m . . . , 478a. 'Evwx, 509. i'EmKpdrijs, s. of Philonas, 462c 5. 'Enlfiaxos, s. of T e t y t o . . . , 489b. Col. I l l , 1 . 'Emp-axos, f. of T e t y t o . . . , 489b. Col. I l l , 1 . 'Ettwwxos, S. of Petechonsis, 462d. 4. 'EpefieKKa, m. of Aurelia, 5 1 3 . 7. 'Epuvs, d. of Sambathion, 483. 1 , 8, 9. 'Eppaios, s. of Helene, 468. 6. 'Epfiaios, f. of Heliodoros, 453. 3 . 'Eppaios, s. of Onias (cf. $tj3t'a>v), 453. 20. 'Epfitas, s. of Hephaistas, 490. 4.
NAMES
'Epp.las, f. of Sambathion, 489^ Col. I . 'EppUas, f. of Sambathion, 489g. Col. X , 4. "Epcos, 486a. 3 . EihoKia, d. of Aurelios Joustos, 5 1 3 . 18. Eiprip.oiv, f. of Heron, 492. 6. Evp-qp.o)v, s. of Pekmeis (cf. "Hpwv), 492. 4, 5. Evpr\p.ayv, s. of Pekmeis (cf. &aijms), 492. 1 4 , 1 5 . Evpr)p.p]os, s. of Hermaios, 453. 3 . ' # p . . . , 4 7 3 . 24. 'Hpai<( ) , f. of Herodes, 489g. Col. X , 2. 'Hpaxl ) , f. of Papontos, 489b. Col. V I I , 1 ; Col. I l l , 2 ; c. Col. V I I , 1 ; d . 1 . 'HpaxXeia, d. of Onias, 4 5 1 . 'Hpa.KXelb'rjs, a strategos, 455. 1 . 'HpaKXeiBrjs, a royal scribe, 492. 19. 'Hp]aKX[ei]8rjs (cf. Hap.f3et...), 493. 14. 'Hpa.K]Xet8r)s, S. of Herakleides (cf. OvaXep]ios), 498d. 2, 3 . 'HpaxXelSrjs, f. of Isakous, 455. 3 . ['HpaKXetSrjs], s. of Maron, 498d. 1 . H[paKXd]b'7)s, f. of Sabinos, 493. 1 5 . 'HpaxXeios, 4^4* , 10. 'HpaxX-qos, f. of Sarmates, 475. 1 1 . 'HpaxXrjs, s. of Papontos, 489b. Col. VII, 1 ; Col. I l l , 2 ; c. Col. V I I , 1 j d . 1. 'Hpai<Xi}s, s. of Psenobastis, 491. 1, 1 2 . 'Hp&s (cf. -M£a/ae'A), 464. 23. 'Hpas, f. of Sambathion, 488. 5. 'Hpa>.., f. of Sambathion, 498g. 2. 'HpcbSrjs, 498a. 'Hpw8r)s, s. of H e r a k . . . , 489g. Col. X , 1 . "Hpwv, 518d. 26. "Hpa>v, s. of Heuremon (cf. TleKp-ijis), 492. 6. "Hpwv, s. of Neilos, 498L "Hpwv, s. of Pekmeis (cf. Evprjp,wv), 492. 4, 5. 'Hpcovds, 497b. 4. 'Hpa>s, d. of Leon, 489g. Col. X , 2, 5. 'Howards, f. of Hermias, 490. 4. ,
2
©averts, d. of Ptolemaios (cf. Ai8vpvq), 464. 1 1 . &aoijs, m. of Herieus, 483. 1 , 8, 9. ©e'/cAa, m. of Aurelios Peieuous, 508. 4. ©edSoTo?, f. of Abrahamios, 5*2. 2. &epp.ovddpiov, m. of Artemon, 4810. &epp,ovdia, m. of Aurelios Petros, 508. 7. ©epp-ovdis, 486b. 3 . Ocwylrwv, f. of Isidoros, 493. 5. 84wv, 506. 1 . QiaKTjs (cf. TIaf3ovs), 464. 30. ©covios, s. of Sarapiades, 475. 8.
PERSONAL 'IaKufi, 499. I . '7a*a>j3, s. of Achilleus, 475. 1 3 . 'IaxtoP, s. of Paramone, 473. 5, 19'Iaoijms, 461. 3 . 'Iep^vovms, s. of Hieranoupis (cf. reppcavos), 461. 2. 'Iepavovms, f. of Hieranoupis, 461. 2. 'Iepa$, f. of Isaiah, 500. 1. 'Irfloovs, 4 5 - 17'Ivapotovs, s. of Pascheis, 485. 1 4 , 1 5 . 'IovdQ, f. of Peret, 5 1 1 . 3 . 'ZouSa, 466. *7ou8as, s. of Phelphas, 501. 2. 'IovXia, 486a. 1 ; b. 1. 'TbuAioj, 452a. 3. 'ZouAtoff, f. of Sabinos, 464. 16. 'IovXios Kpeionos, AOVKIOS, 4°4« 5 * 'IovXios Kpeionos, MdpKos, 4°4« '/oiJAios] IIpwTOKTriTOs [AOVKIOS, 49°* 3'IovXios UiXflavos, rd'Cos, 4^4- 9'Iovoros, a strategos, 485. 1 , 8 . 'Iaaia, s. of Hierax, 500. 1 . '/]crd(c, 502. 3. 'IoaK, 502. 4. 'IoaK, s. of Eirene, 501. 4. '/cra/c, s. of Ision, 480. 3. 'IoaK, s. of Miysis, 476. 'IaaK, s. of Pateis, 517* 3'IoaKovs, d. of Herakleides, 455. 3 . 'Iaibwpa, m. of Mysthes, 492. 8. *Ioloa>pos, 477* 5* 'Iotoatpos, h. of Aurelia Tales, 518c. 3, 29-30. 'IolStopos, s. of Isidoros, 493. 9. 'Iotoatpos, f. of Isidoros, 493. 9. 'Ioloutpos, s. of Kopreus, 475. 1 2 . 'I]oiocopos, s. of Neon, 493. 1 . 'Iolootpos, f. of Neon, 493. 1. 'Iotowpos, s. of Ptolemaios, 518d. 2, 26. 'Ialoatpos, s. of Theogiton, 493. 5. 'IoicDv, f. of Isak, 480. 3 . 'Zfftia^Aos, 452a. I , 3, 1 2 , 1 3 , 25, 27. 'Iatdyyrjs, 472a. 3 ; b. 2. 'Icoorjw, 479* *• 2 a
I
NAMES
125
KeaXds, s. of Sambathion, 492. 10. i&jTTcoAtW, 4 7 * > ° . 2. KXrjp.es, S. of Sap.ira. . ., 497 * 3* ZTAt68to? ^Ae^avSpos, MdpKos (cf. /"aiavdj), 462L ~ 3 , 5> 9Konpevs, f. of Isidoros, 475. 1 2 . KovXIXXa, w. of Aion, 518c. 7, 8. Kpeionos, 462a. I . Kvpos, f. of Flavios Stephanos, 508. 3 1 . Ka>fiaptvos, f. of Victor, 465. 6. 2 a
2
c
2
2
/itvreiVos, 4 5 b . 1 7 . Aeovrds, s. of Eirenaios, 483. 6, 10. •dcW, f. of Heros, 489g. Col. X , 2, 5. Aoyyivia OdflovXXa, 464* * « /lo[/c]pi7Ttos AeKorpos, rd'Cos, 464. 17. 2
2 2
I
2
'7[O)]CTIJ7J-OJ, 4 7
0 ,
I
* 2
Kaiodpios, a scribe, 477. > Katoios, f. of Artemidoros, 490. 2, 5. KaKas (cf. Anicjv), 464* 8 . Kg.XXip.axos, 494- 9KoAAtivi/ci?] (cf. Ap.p.a>vdpiov), 493. 3 . ZCaAJAiviKi/, 493. 8. ifaws, s. of Harphaesis, 492. 3 . Zfa7ror?, s. of Sambatheios, 485. 2, 1 1 . Kcwre'ei, f. of Ammonas, S 8 d . 7. Kaniroiv, 452a. 5. KapovpiS, 462c. 6. 2
I
M . . . , 4 9 4 . 1. Afayid?, f. of Semaion, 501. 1. MaKpo[s, 469. 1 5 . MaXa>xv, 506. 1 . NelXos, s. of Heron, 498f. NeiXos, f. of Heron, 498L Nefieoas (cf. Yrjfiis), 464. 7. NepieaiXXa MapKia, 464* !• iVec£[e>[<3>, 484. I . iVjeW, s. of Isidoros, 493. 1. Neatv, s. of T , 493. 2. Neoirepls, d. of Amphion, 468. 6. MAo...,479. 3. .. .vcgs, b. of Aion, 518c. 1 1 . .. .vixaios, s. of Sambatheon, Persian of the Epi gone, 518a. 9.
126
PERSONAL
N[o]vp.epios OvdXrjs, rd'Cos, 4^4* 3* N]ovfif]vtos, s. of Petos, 5 1 5 . 2, 5. 'OvCas, f. of Herakleia, 4 5 1 . 'Ovlas, f. of Hermaios, 453. 2 1 . 'Ovvaxfrpis (cf. ' Oroaeis?), 4^4* 9 'Owaxppis, f. of Anchophis, 497a. 5. ' Opae[vov(f>is, a village scribe, 492. 20-21. 'Opoevovfas, s. of Horos, 489c. Col. V I I I , 1 . 'Opoevovis, f. of Horos, 489c. Col. V I I I , 1 . ' Oroaeis(?) (cf. 'Ovvd)(f>pis), 464. io. OvaXepios, 489g. Col. X , 3 . OiaXep]ios, s. of Herakleides (cf. 'HpaKJXeiorjs), 498d. 2. Ovevapis, f. of Agenes, 497c. 1 . Ovear(i8ia?) EeKgv8a, 462a. 4. OviKTwp, s. of Komarinos, a deputy oikonomos, 465. 5-6. HaajStos, s. of Abramos, 4 7 1 . Cols. II—III. IJa^ovs (cf. ©laKrjs), 464. 30. Ilarjois, s. of Aunes, 497c. 5. Ila-fjois, f. of Petorapis, 497a. 2. naOpijs, 494.3. TlaKKios, 486b. 4. IlaKvais, s. of Pakysis, 497a. 6. J7[a/c]0[ff]<.?, f. of Pakysis, 497a. 6. IlaKvoLs, s. of Petaus, 487. 2, 5. naXr}p.\ai\v, f. of Aurelia Tales, 518c. 2. IJOXLTIOS, 5°5« 5* IJaficovdris, 4 6 2 c 7 ; g. 6. Ilaveovevs, s. of Pnepheros, 489b. Col. V. Ilaveovevs, s. of Pnepheros, 489c. Col. I X , 1 . IlaveTtorjys, f. of Anouphis, 472a. 4. IIavex^>r7is, f. of Mires, 453. 3 . Tla-nals, s. of P a . .ses, 483. 5. TlaTTipios, 4 5 IJairovTws, s. of H e r a k . . . , 489b. Col. V I I , 1 ; Col. I l l , 2 ; c. Col. V I I , 1 ; d. 1. IlaTTOvrcJs, s. of Horos (cf. Aiovvoios), 454- 5JZWOVTW?, s. of Sabbation, 489L Col. V I I I . Tlapap-ovrj, m. of Jakob, 473. 4, 19. Ildoeis, s. of Aniketos, 475. 9. /7a. .o~qs, f. of Papais, 483. 5. Tldaios, 452a. 6, 8, 1 3 . Ilaaiixiv, f. of Dios, 468. 8. Ilaalaiv, s. of Petheus, 492. 9. IlaaoKvoTtatos, s. of Didymion, 488. 3 . Ilaoxeis, f. of Chenanoupis, 485. 4, 1 2 . Ilaoxeis, s. of Kapais, 485. 2, 1 1 . 77aTe/>/W0[io?, 495. 5-6, 9 , 1 2 , 14. narrjis, f. of Isak, 5 1 7 . 3 . TleBevs, f. of Dios, 491. 1 . JleQevs, s. of Horos, 492. 1 1 . Iledevs, f. of Horos, 492. 1 1 . IJedevs, s. of Kephalas, 492. 10. 2 a
NAMES
Iledevs, s. of Sambathion, 492. 9 . IleOevs, s. of Sambathion, 492. 1 2 . IJeKp.ijis, f. of Heron, 492. 4, 5. IJeKp.ijis, s. of Heuremon (cf. "Hpatv), 492. 6. J J e K ^ t ? , f. of Heuremon, 492. 16. neKpirjis, s. of Phaermis, 488. 5 - 6 . TIeKp.i)is, f. of Phaesis, 492. 14, 1 5 . IJeovpis (cf. ididScopo?), 464- > IJeprjr, s. of Iouab, 5 1 1 . 3 , 6. Ilepiyevrjs, S. of ZoiloS, 492. 1 3 . IJeprag, f. of Taarpaesis, 454. 6. i7€ff[o]u/H?, s. of Annaios, 452a. 6. rieravs, s. of Teos, 487. 2 - 3 , 6. IIeT[e]ijois, f. of Phaesis, 497a. 4. rieTep.ivo><j>is, s. of P s e n a . . . , 462f. 10. nereyofSrovs, s. of Psenamounis, 462f. 12. nerepp-ovO..., s. of Marres, 489a. Col. V. Ilerexaivais, f. of Eponychos, 462d. 4. IleTopaiiTis, s. of Demas, 492. 1 7 . nerop&TTis, s. of Paesis, 497a. 2. IJerpwvios M..., $l6. 6. IlervJs, f. of Noumenios, 515- > 5IJXep.p.avs (cf. EatTas), 464* 7 IJXovrapxos, f. of Ptolemaios, 453. 1 - 2 , 23. Tlve^eputs, s. of Panesneus, 489c. Col. I X , 1 . TIveepa>s, f. of Panesneus, 489c. Col. I X , 1 . IJve^epws, f. of Panesneus, 489b. Col. V. IloXXia Mapia, 462a. 4 - 5 ; b. 3 ; c. i ; d. 3 ; e. 4; f. 6, 8 ; g. 4 - 5 ; h. 4 - 5 . IIroXep.( ) , f. of S a m b . . . , 498J. 3 . IlroXep-a.. ., 486a. 6. IlToXep.aZos, 486a. 3 . nroXefiatos, a village scribe, 487. 1 . IJToXep.aios, s. of Didymos (cf. AC8vp.os), 459. 1 . IlroXep.aios, f. of Isidores, 518. 2. IlToXep,aios, s. of Ploutarchos, 453. 1 , 23. IJToXep.aios, s. of Sambathion, 492. 7. TIroXep.aios, f. of Sambathous, 498L 1 . nToXepuaios, f. of Thaesis, 464. 1 1 . nroXefxaios, f. of Zoilos, 492. 1 3 . JTroAe/xai?, 493. 1 3 . TlToXep,ais, 493. 16. n oXXas, 486a. 5. IJTOXX&S, S. of Ariston, 5!8d. 8. IlroXXds, s. of Panesneus, 489b. Col. V. IJToXXds, s. of Tobias, 478b. 2I
2
2
T
I7T6XX{X}IS, IJTOXXOVS, IJTWXXIS,
s. of Sambathion, 481b.
486a. 6. S. of Sambathion, 481a. Col. I l l , 1.
'Po8o[ys] — 'Po8la, d. of Athenion (ci.Zap,fiddiov), 489h. Col. I I ; i. Col. X I I I . 'PoSovs, d. of Hermias (cf. 2Jap,[3d0iov), 4%gg. Col. X , 3 . 'Poovvq, m. of Peret, 5 1 1 . 4. . . . .ppios 'Ivyevr/s, rd'Cos, 4^4* 8.
PERSONAL Z..., s. of Charixenos (cf. Xapi]£eZvos), 518a. 7. ZafSftarlcov, f. of Papontos, 489L Col. V I I I . Zafietvos (cf. A[ifjL[a>vt]os), 493- 1 2 . Zajfletvos, s. of Herakleides, 493. 1 5 . Zafieivos, s. of Julios, 464. 16. Zafietvos, f. of Tourbon, 459. 6. 27atij3...,498b. 2"art8( ), 498g. 1 . Zatfi ), 498J. 1. 27a/A/3( ) , s. of Ptolem 498J. 3 . Zap.fia..., 498I1. Zap.f3ad{ ) , 498b. Zap-fiadaios, SI8b. 22. ZafifiaOaios, s. of Sambathaios, 482. 2. Zap.fiadaZos, f. of Sambathaios, 482. 3 . Zap.f3adeios, 498d. 3 . Zap.fiadeZos, f. of Kapais, 485. 2, 1 2 . Zanfiadecov, f. of . . .nichaios, 518a. 9. Zap.fiddiov, 486a. 2 ; b. 2. Zap.fid0[iov, 487* 6. Zafi.pd.diov, d. of Athenion (cf. 'PoSo[us), 489b. Col. I I ; i. Col. X I I I . Zap.pd0iov, d. of D i o d . . . , 489g. Col. X I I , 2. Zap.f3d0iov, m. of Dios, 493. 8. Zap.pd6i.ov, m. of Harpagathes, 492. 1 . Zap.fidOiov, m. of Harpagathes, 492. 2. Zap.fiddt.ov, m. of Harpalos, 492. 3 . Zap.fiddt.ov, m. of Herakles, 489b. Col. V I I , 1 ; Col. I l l , 2 ; c. Col. V I I , 1 ; d . 1. Zap.fid0i.ov, d. of Heras, 488. 4, 9. Zap.fid0i.ov, d. of Hermias (cf. Apoivo-n), 489L Col. I . Zap.fid0t.ov, d. of Hermias (cf. 'PoSoOs), 489g. Col. X , 4. Zap.fiddi.ov, d. of H e r o . . , 498g. 2. Zap.f3d0t.ov, m. of Heron, 492. 4, 5. Zap.f3ddt.ov, m. of Heron, 492. 6. Zap.f3d0t.ov, m. of Horion, 492. 1 7 . Zap-fiddiov, m. of Neilos, 498f. Z]ap,f3d0iov, m. of Orsenouphis, 489c. Col. V I I I , 1. Zap.f3d6t.ov, m. of Perigenes, 492. 1 3 . Zap.fiddt.ov, m. of Petheus, 492. n . Zap.f3d6t.ov, m. of Phaesis, 492. 14, 1 5 . Zap.fiddt.ov, m. of Phaesis, 492. 16. Zap.f3d6iov, m. of Pnepheros, 489c. Col. I X , 1. Zap.f3ddt.ov, m. of Sarapion, 489a. Col. I l l , 1 . Zap.fid0t.ov, m. of Sarapion, 489a. Col. I l l , 1 . Zap.f3ddt.ov, m. of Sarapion, 489a. Col. IV, 1 ; b. Col. I I ; c. Col. X , 1. Zg(p.)f3ddiov, m. of Sisois, 489a. Col. V. Zap.f3d0t.ov, s. of Syrion, 518d. 8. Za\p.f3adiu>v, 484* 8. Zap.f3a0lu>v, 492. 24. Zap.f3adia>v, 494- , 9. Za]p.pa0iu>v, 494' 4> 6. Zap.j3adia>v, 497c. 2 . 2
NAMES
127
Zap.f3adlaw, 498a. Za\p.f3adiu>v, 498c. Zap.fia[dCa>v, 498c Zap.f3adiu>v, b. of Aion, 518c. I I . Zap,fiadla>v, f. of Artemon, 481c. Zap.fiadta>v, f. of Hatres, 491. 3 . Zap-fiadloiv, f. of Herieus, 483. 1 , 8, 9. Zap.fiadiu>v, f. of Horos, 497a. 8. ZafifiadLutv, f. of Kephalas, 492. 10. Zap.f3adia)V, b. of Mystas, 481a. Col. IV, 2. ZafifiadLatv, f. of Petheus, 492. 9. Zap.f3adlu>v, f. of Ptolemaios, 492. 7. Zap.f3adCa>v, f. of Ptollis, 481a. Col. I l l , 2. Zap.f3adio)v, f. of Ptollis, 481b. Zap.f3adiu>v, s. of Sambathion, 492. 1 2 . Zap.fiadla>v, f. of Sambathion, 492. 1 2 . Zap.f3adia>v, f. of Taptollis, 498c Zap.f3adla>v, f. of Teberis, 492. 8. Zap.f3a0ovs, d. of Ptolemaios (cf.27a/5A7ND?),498i. 1. Zap.fias, s. of Pakysis, 487. 2. 2Ja/xj3a.Ttuos, 49&J- Zap-paraios, f. of Horos, 495. 9. Zap.fiaTt.ov, m. of Epimachos, 489b. Col. I l l , 1 . Zap.f3aris (cf. Adrjvats), Phrygian, 490. 3 , 5. Zap.f3arla>v, 489c Col. I I , I . Zap.f3aTia>v, 497^' !• Zap.f3ei... (cf. '//p]o/cA[ei']8ijs), 493. 14. Zap.ira{ ) , f. of Klemes, 497c. 3 . ZapL-nddios, 499* ZapipiKos, f. of Aurelios Joustos, 5 1 3 . 5, 20. Zapairds, S. of Horos, 497a. 3 . Zapamdorjs, f. of Thonios, 475. 8. Zapamds, 486a. I ; b. 2. Za]pam.ds, m. of Isidores, 493. 10. Zapamds, d. of Ptolemaios (cf. Zap.f3adovs), 498L 1. Zapamwv, s. of Sambathion, 489a. Col. IV 1 ; b. Col. II ; c . Col. X , 1. Zgpamat[v, S. of . . .silos, 489a. Col. I l l , I . Zapanlayv, f. of . . .silos, 489a. Col. I l l , I . Zapp-dr-qs, s. of Herakleos, 475. 1 1 . Zarafiovs, s. of Anchophis, 492. 1. Zgrafiovs, f. of Anchophis, 497a. 7. Zarafiovs, s. of Horos, 492. 2. Zep-aidtv, s. of Magias, 501. I . Zep.dols, m. of Noumenios, 5 1 5 . 3 , 6. Zeprjvos, f. of Diogenes, 475. 10. Zepijvos, s. of Horos, 497b. 3. Zea>s, 462L 13. 505. 4. . . .cTtAo?, s. of Sarapion, 489a. Col. I l l , 1 . ZcXovavos, 499* 3* Zip.ov, 500. 2. Zifiaiv, 452a. 8. ^[t'/xjcov, s. of Horion, 464. 4. Zloois, s. of P e t e r m o u t h . . . , 489a. Col. V. 2
2
128
PERSONAL
UoKfirjvis, s. of Sokmenis, 491. 2. ZoKfiijvis, f. of Sokmenis, 491. 2. UofioeiXgs (?), w. of Didymos, 459. 1. Uovpovs, f. of Aurelios Josephios, 508. 9-10. Z V a . . . , 4 5 3 . 7. Hvfiewvios, 499ZvpiaKOs, 502. 1 . Evpiwv, f. of Sambathion, 5i8d. 8. ZCOKP&S, f. of Harpalos, 4 9 7 c 4. EWT&S (cf. IJXep.p.avs), 4^4* 7 Zoras, 4896. Col. I I , 1 . Zwrds, s. of Achillas, 518d. 8. 2
T..., m. of Memmios P o s e . . . Markos, 518a. 4. T . . . , f. of Neoteris (cf. Ap.iwv) 468. 7. T a . . . , m. of Isak, 5 1 7 . 3 . Taapiraijms, d. of Pertax, 454. 6. TadavTLs, m. of Pasion, 492. 9. TaOavns, m. of Petheus, 492. 10. TaOavris, m. of Petheus, 492. 1 2 . .. .ravapwovs, d. of Pascheis, 485. 18. Tarrerjots, d. of Gaios, 462b. 3 . Tanedevs, d. of Pasoknopaios, 488. 3 . Ta7r]ToAAis, d. of Sambathion, 498c Taprjs, d. of Apollonios (cf. Aiovp.rj), 468. 7. Taoevs, m. of Maron, 492. 7. .. .rao-eOs, d. of Pascheis, 485. 1 7 . Tavpwvs, d. of Tithoes, 485. 1 3 . Taipois, m. of Horos, 454. 7. Ta$a>[rC\s, d. of Diskas, 485. 16. Tefiepis, s. of Sambathion, 492. 8. Teoevov Tervro( ) , s. of Epimachos, 489b. Col. I l l , 1 . Tews, f. of Petaus, 487. 6. TifiepZvos, f. of Dioskoros, 497b. 2. Tidorjs, f. of Taurous, 485. 1 3 . T1p.0Kp6.Tqs, s. of Apion, 455- 4TKVTIS, m. of Pakysis, 487. 3 . Tgftlas, 478b. 7 0 % , f. of Helene, 468. 6. Todrjs, s. of Inaroous, 485. 1 5 . Tovpfiwv, s. of Kephalos, 464. 1 3 . Tovpf3wv, s. of Sabinos (cf. 'iipeiwv), 459. 6. Tpvaiva d. of Nearchos, 453. 20. T.^ep.., d. of Dios, 493. 2. 2
2
Xaipeas, a strategos, 482. 1. Xaipr]p.wv, 466. Xat.prjp.wv, 485* ^. Xaiprjp,wv, s. of Achilleus, 489g. Col. X I I , 1. X\aC\pr]p.wv, s. of Adrastos, 454. 3 - 4 . Xapl]£ewos, s. of Charixenos (cf. 2 7 . . . ) , 518a. 7. Xapl£evos, f. of Charixeinos, 518a. 7. Xapirwv, 4 5 Xeyavoimi?, d. of Pascheis, 485. 4, 1 2 . 2
2 a
1 1
!Pa?, f. of Aurelios Petros, 508. 7. I P e p a . . . , f. of Petermenophis, 462L 1 1 . Wevap-ovvis, f. of Petenobtous, 462f. 1 2 . We[v]apifievqois, 497 * WevofiaoTis, f. of Herakles, 491. 1. Wrj[3i.s (cf. Nep.eoas), 464. 7. IPiJos (cf. MvoOas), 464. 18. a
I
'Qpeiwv, s. of Sabinos (cf. Tovpfiwv), 459. 6. 'Qpiyevrqs, 5 * 7 ' ' 'Qpiyevqs, f. of Philotera, 454. 5. 'Qpiwv, a tax-collector, 462b. 1. 'Qpiwv, s. of Petoraipis, 492. 17. 'Qpiwv, f. of Simon, 464. 4. Qpos, 462I1. 6. *Qpos, f. of Dionysios, 454. 7. *Qpos, s. of Horos, 494. 1 . *Qpos, f. of Horos, 494. 1 . Qpos, s. of Orsenouphis, 489c. Col. V I I I , 1 . Qpos, s. of Petheus, 492. 1 1 . *Qpos, s. of Sambataios, 495. 6, 9. *Qpos, s. of Sambathion, 497a. 8. *Qpos, f. of Sarapas, 497a. 3 . Qpos, f. of Satabous, 492. 2. *Qpos, f. of Serenos, 497b. 3. 2
T
T
T
T
<$ai)pp.is, f. of Pekmeis, 488. 6.
NAMES
Qaijois, s. of Heuremon, 492. 16. <Paijots, s. of Pekmeis (cf. Evp-qp-wv), 492. 14, 1 5 . 0aijois, s. of Peteesis, 497a. 4. &eXj>as, f. of Judas, 5 0 1 . 2. .. .epas, b. of Aion, 518c. 1 2 .
3.
G E O G R A P H I C A L NAMES AND —1
dyopd 8r/p.ooia voTivrj, $11. *3 4Ayopal, 462b. 2. AiyvnTos, 520. 2, 8. AXaf$aoTpl[vr), $IJ. 3 * AXegdvopeia, 454. 2 ; 505. 4. -MAE'RAJ'SPEDS, 490. 2. AXOaievs, 454. 4. dp,o8ov, 4^5« 3> 6. dp,(f>OOOV KpTjTlKOV, 454* 9' (dp.ooov) NOTOV Aifios, 462a. 3 ; f. 8 ; G. 4. dp.ooov 8. i l v T i v o t T i ; ? (VO/Ltds) 508. 8, 1 1 ; 5* 7' 4* Avrivoov TTOXLS, $11. J 5? 7 5 5*7* * ApdficDV K(Lp,T], 5 1 2 . I . Apoivoeirrjs (vop.6s), 455- I ; 4 9 2 . 1 8 ; 5 1 2 . I ; 518a. 42 —
2
ILPAI[V]OL'T6ui> TTOXLS, 5 1 2 .
I
iOviicd
Xavpa 'Iovoa'iKrj, 454' 9 5 4°8. IO. Arjvalov, 508. 8, 9, IO, 38. Ag.. .,469. 8. AVOIP,axls, 489g. Col. X , 3. 462d. 1 ; f. 1 ; G. 1. MIPI7 MayocbXutv, 453. 4, 1 5 .
PLRJTPOTTOXIS,
NednoXis, 5l8b. 1 3 , 1 4 ; 519. 64. N]eiXavaf}aTeios, 454- 4* iVeiAotmoAts, 464. 26. vop.os, 467. 2 ; 482. 14.
I
'0£(I>/)YYX ), 472a. 5. ' 0 ! u > Y X ° ? , 454. 6; 473. 2, 3, 1 3 . 'OOTPAKIVT), 457 * * c
x
2.
ii^uVxt?? 4 6 9 . 1 . I 0
Ba^ds, 4^4- BepviKis, 459* > 6. 2
'EJ8[>a]fos, S I I . 4. 'Eppeios, 5 1 2 . 2. 'Epp.onoXiT7js (yop.6s), 4^5* I> 28, 29. 'Epp,ovnoXig, 485. 3 ; 5 1 3 . 8. Ev-qp,ipeia, 4 7 A . I , 2 ; B . I . 2
'HpaKXetorjs (TIEPI'S), 483. 7 ; 492. 19, 20; 518a. 3-40eao4Xeia, 455. 9, 1 6 ; 4891". Col. V I I I . 0ep.loT7)s (p.epis), 455- 2. @ov'EA>S, 452b. 2 1 .
WAYO?, 518c. I ; d. I . TleXa, 482. 1 2 . Tlepl TIoXiv KOTO} (roTrapxla), 453* °* Tleporfs TT)[S i]myo[yi}s, 5 8a. 9—IO. IldoXa, 5 1 7 . 4. wdAt?, 520. 5. riaiXep.a)v (p.EPIS), 455* « IJd>oea>s Nijoos, 5 7* ^ T
2
I
'Pu>p.aios, 454. 3 . Zap-aplrris, 5 1 3 . 7 ; 514. SaTvpgy inoiKigy, 482. 18. Zeo6a, 476. 2X877, 490. I . ZoKvonalov Nijoos, 464. 29; 483. 7, I I . ZrpaTOiv, 49^« 5* •ZTPDRFWOS KXrjpos, 5 7 ' 8. Evpia TlaXaioreivrj, 473' 8. X
VJ8IC6F, 516. 2. 'Iovoa'iK. . ., 459- 8. '/ovSai'/cdV. . . , 45^* 'Iovoatos, 452b. 1 4 ; 456. 4; 467. 1 3 ; 473- 7; 500. 2 ; 505- 4; 5 0 6 - ; 5 0 8 . 1 0 ; 5 0 9 . 1 ; 5 1 0 . 1 ; 5 1 1 . 75 5 S - 3, 8, 9 ; 5 i 6 . 4; 520. 4.
Tonapxia, Tyw(
4 7 ° 5 4^2. 1 3 , 20. ) , 472b. 4.
2
I
ia, 518a. 3 . <£d]pov VOTIJVOV, 5 " * 6« &pvyia, 490. 3. I
Kapavis, 460. I ; 474a. 7 ; B . 6; 480. 2 ; 484. 4; 487. i, 4, 8; 488. 2 ; 492. 2 1 , 2 5 ; 518c. 2, 3 , 9; d. 2. KepdpLeia, 402f. 2. Kopa>$..., 516. I . /CA>/«7, 462c 1 ; H. 1 ; 472a. 1 , 2 ; B. 1 ; 474b. 6 ; 487. 4, 8; 492. 2 5 ; 508. 8, 9, 10, 23, 3 8 ; 512. 1 ; 5 1 7 . 2, 4, 8; 518c. 2, 3, 9 ; d . 2.
XDPA£, 462c. 3 ; d. 3 ; e. 4; f. 4> 9 ; h. 4WevapipevijoLS, 488. 9. YuPOovmXdXis, 453. 6-7. 'QveiTaiv
(sc. 7rdAts), 473* 8.
4. T E C H N I C A L T E R M S afipoxos, 494. 4, 6. dyopd, 490. 2. dyopa.v6p.os, 454* aywyi?, 5 1 3 . 1 5 . dXXrjXeyyvr), 453* dAtov = aXcos, 453- I 4 5 ajtt7r[€Aco]v, 518a. 1 2 , 1 3 - 1 4 . a\p.ohdpx'qs, 4^5' 6 . dvaypaT], 518c. 24. dva^T^ffis, 455* dvdXcop.a, 504. 7, 8; 508. 2 3 ; 5 1 3 . 1 5 ; 5 1 7 . 1 3 ; S i 8 d . 5. dvdiravp.a, 453* dJ.caTrdypac^oJy, 485- 22. dvaXpr)ois, S 5' 7d[vva)vri, 5 I 7 ' *7* dvriAoyia, 508. 24. dvno]vyypa<pos, 5 1 3 . 3 . dvuTrdAoyoj], 4^7- » airaiTrjTrjs, 462b. I . dneXevdepa, 493* 2, 8. d>o[ypa]^i?, 454. 1 5 .
IV, 4; c. Col. V I I , 2 ; Col. V I I I , 2 ; Col. I X , Col. X , 1 - 2 ; d. 3. oeojTo-rqs, 5 0 5 . 1 4 ; 5 0 8 . 1 ; 5 1 3 . 1 ; 518c. 3 1 ; d. 2 orjpuovpyos, 49°or)p.6oia, 453. 1 7 ; 4 7 1 . Col. I I ; 4891.; 491. 9 - 1
aTTOOOOLS, 5^8.
dyyvrjoLS, 5 8 b . 6, 1 2 . 18™, 5 1 3 . 15. efSo?, 452b. 1 5 . eiadSiov, 497 ixtpoptov, 453. 9, 10, 1 1 ; 474b. 4; 5 1 7 . 10. iXa'Cxov, 460. 8. iXaicov, 488. io;498i. 1. iXevdepcoois, 473* > 7? > ip.iropia 'Iov8ala>v, 4 5 b . 14. evvop,os ydp.os, 5 3« 9ivolxeiov, 5 1 1 . 23. eVox^, S I 3 - 16. 488. 6-7.
I 2 ,
_ I
2
t
1
l8
517; 16. hrjp.ooi(a?) yrj, 509- I . 8-qp.ooia ehdTj, 455* 9 hrjp.ooiat. o<j>p. . ., 5!8b. 1 7 . 8rjp,6otov, 5!8b. 9. 8t]p.6oLos, 459* 6. BiaKovos, 508. 30. 8[i']avAo
81K\_O.]IOV, 473.
II.
hip.oi.pov, 462f. 4. SioUrjOis, 45 t>. 7, 20. hinXa, 500. I , 2. 8oA[i]x
I
5* I0
d7j-oAofftj, 473« 1, dpafiwv, 452a. 5. dprjpovBov, $IJ. 9. dpidp-rjais, 461. I ; 462c. 2. dpxtyuoos, 455- 1 7 . a<™?> 454- 5da^dAeta, 508. 1 3 ; 5 1 3 . 5. daxo^^a, 477. I . dtf[\t$, 454. 6 - 7 ; 495. 2. dxvpov, 480. 4. j3]ac«A?ia, 508. I ; 5 1 3 . I . jSaaiAiKos ypap.p.aTevs, 4 S b . 3 ; 485. 29; 492. 20. f3aevTiKov, 51 jSeiKos, 454- * £i/3Ai'a, 5l8d. 10, 23. jWeurifc, 473. 3 , 8 ; 5 1 7 . 1. fipefiiov, 504. 2.
a
x
I 0
2 8
2
I
2
I 2
IO
J
yeowxWs, 453- 7 ; 5!7- io-"f 18-19. yea>py[i']a, 5 1 7 . 1 3 . yeopyos, 453. 3 - 4 ; 4°2d. 4; e. 5 ; 464. 4, 7, 9, 1 3 , 16, 18, 20, 2 3 ; 508. 7. ypap-p-aretov, 508. 28, 32, 34, 37. ypap-p-arevs, 477- 3. ypatov, 483. 5, I I .
e£ap[i]0/XT/[ffiS, 467.
8.
i$€Taois, 485- 3°f f w [ f e 473- 3e£ovoia, 473* 6, I I . €7re^o8os, 455* 2 1 . €7repcuTrjffi?, 473. 9. em/3oAij, 5 1 7 . 17. €7r[t'*cp]i<«s /car' pt[/a'ai', 485- 8-9. imTip.ov dvayopias, 461. 3> 4* emnpiov 81aX0yt.op.0v, 461. 2, 4. emrpoiros, 495. 3. ipydrrjs, 452a. 4, 14. ipp.eveia, 473. 1. evdvp-erpia, 494- » 5> 8. 2
ScwrdvTj, 469. 1 3 . Tjyyi^erd?, 508. 5, 1 2 , 29, 37. 8eop.ovXaKcov (sc. re'Aos), 489a. Col. I l l , 3 ; Col. r)yep.a>v, 485. 8 ; 5!8c. 28.
TECHNICAL TERMS r)XiKta, 5 1 9 . 65, 83. 6[e]ap.a,
I 2
5 1 9 . 60.
Orjoavpos, 4626!. i ; e. i ; f. i ; G. i ; H. i ; 4 7 2 a . 1 ; B . 1. dp-qoKtla,
131
Col. IV, 6; C. Col. V I I , 2 ; Col. V I I I , 2 ; Col. I X , 2 ; Col. X , 1 ; d . 2. p.dyeipos, 4 6 7 • p.epiop.6s C. 3 .
evXeip,p^aTOs reAwviKcov, 462b.
p.€OOTVXOS, 4 6 8 . 9. /t€Td8[0CTlS, 495* 5 ' /icrd Adyor, 489a. Col. I l l , 7 , 8, 9; Col. IV, 5 , 6. p.era$v lXa>v, 4 7 3 . 5.
508. 10; 5 1 3 . 7.
l[a.T]p6s, 4 8 5 . 14. tSta yrj, 5 1 0 . I. Upevs, 490. I .
/Lterd Train-ds' 8[i]/cai'ou, 5 H « 5 p.€T0X0S, 4 6 2 c . 2 ; 5 ! 8 b . 1 2 . p.irp-qp.af 5 ° 2 d . 1 ; e. 1 ; f. 1 ; g. 1 ; H. 1 . 2
iVSt/mW, 4 8 0 . 4; 504. 1 ; 5 0 6 . 3 ; 5 0 8 . 3 , 18, 2 1 ; 5 1 1 . 2 2 ; 5 1 2 . 3 , 5, 6; 5 1 7 . 7. 'IovoaeiKov K . . . , 504- * 'JOVSAIKOV TeXeap.a, 460. 7'ZOUSAWCDV opriov, 5I9» 18—20. '/OUSAITCO; ijeoros, 5 0 8 . 1 5 , 16. imrevs irpaiTODV, 4^5> 8. I 0
p-drpov eKT-qp.opov HQrjvaiov, 453* * 4 J
/Lttff0]COFFIS, 5 I 7 ' 9 p,loOoiOis Kaprrovlas, 498a. 1
I
T
vavfiiov,
I I
2
2
2
7; 517.
2, 5,
vavAos, 504. 3, 6; 5 0 8 . 23. vav\ojoip.o\y] rrXoiov, 5 1 8 b . 2 1 . vewKopos, 454* vo/xcus, 4 8 2 . 1 4 - 1 5 ; 5 1 8 d . 23. vopj.KOS, 5 0 5 . 9; 5 0 8 . 30. vop.wp.a, 499- * I
£wff[T]d>xi7v, 465* 5* a
opihwKTta, 4 7 4 - 6~7 • opKo?, 4 5 4 . 3 , 18. ojioiaKov, 4 5 B . 19.
8.
KXrjpovxia, 4 9 1 . 5. KOMTJ, 494.
489g. Col. X , 1 ; Col. X I I , 1 ; 4 9 7 c . 1 , 2 , 3 ,
2
/CDROT/COS, 4 5 9 . 2 ; 489g. Col. X , I, 2, 3 , 4, 5 ; Col. X I I , 1 , ; H . Col. I I . KeWap-qKa.pi.os, 5^3* 6? 20. « W A , 4 5 2 a . 3. KedXaiov, 4 8 8 . I I . /CE^OAATO)Tijs, 4 9 7 - 5 5 ° 6 KrjSaip.ovia, 5*80. 4, 19. KrjpvKiKov, 460. 9. K\r)pov6p,os, 495* kAtjpos, 4 5 3 .
— 1
4 . 5> 6 .
I
1
I 2 >
pj.odoiT'qs, 4 7 7 - > S 7« p.ioda>rt.Kr) 6p.oXoyla, 5 H - 8. pnoButTiKov, 453* 5 6 *
KaOdirep CK 81/07?, 5 0 8 . 28. Kap/q\doiov, 5 ° 4 - 7* Karaypar), 454- « /caTCt0eai[S 5 7 * 9Karo.Kpip.a, 4 6 1 . I . Karaorropd, $IJ. 14. KaTOiKiKr) dpovpa, 453* 8.
c
1 - 2 , 4;
2
8.
KoWrjyas, 4 8 6 b . 4. J
Ko[ff]/ctvia aAwi>a>v, 4 5 2 b . 6, 1 2 .
iraiddpiov,
Kou[paTcop, 473* 4/eoupi, 5 1 2 . 3.
wavcu[xi]s, 4 5 2 a . 1 5 .
/cupia, 5 0 8 . 28; 5 1 7 . 19.
TTarr)p rrjs [ovvayatyrjs, 473* 8-9.
napdvopios,
KvpiaKov, 4 5 7 ^ • wpios, 4 5 3 . 6, 2 1 ; 4 5 5 . 4; 462b. 6; C. 6; d . 2 ; e. 3 ; f. 2 ; g. 3 ; H. 3 ; 4 6 8 . 7 ; 469. I, 4; 4 7 9 . 1 ; 4 8 5 . 10, 30; 4 8 8 . 1 , 5 ; 4 9 1 . 9, 1 4 ; 495- 5> ; 498d. 1 ; 5 1 8 a . 6; B . 2 1 ; C. 28. 1 2
K(x>p.r]rr]s, 4 8 0 .
2.
rrdros,
520. 7.
455* 8, 1 2 .
TTaTpCDVLKOV TTIOTIS,
49°-
487* » * 6 > 4 9
2 ,
2 I
-
5'
7T0ip.r)v, 5 1 8 d . 16. rropBp.eiov, 460. 4.
2 ; Col. X , 2 ;
d.
3.
irpdyp.a, 5 0 5 . 5.
2 2
I
7rpayp.arevTrfs,
499* * I
•npat.ir6oi.Tos, 5 8 c . I, 3 ; d . I. irpanotptov,
5 0 5 ' 8»
wpa[&?, 4 9 5 ' Ip.ayou>\ov\aKUiV (SC. RE'AOJ), 489a. Col. I l l ,
3;
Col. IV, 4; C. Col. V I I , 2 ; Col. V I I I , 2 ; Col. I X ,
Xaoypaia, 460. 2 ; 487* 8. Xaoypdos, 4 9 \fjp.p.a, 5 1 7 . I I . ADYOS, 4 7 4 a . 1 3 ; 504. I . 2 ,
473* 6 .
OLKOIOV,
4 > 5°8-
7Torap.o(f>vXaKl8atv (SC. tc'Aos), 489a. Col. I l l , T
Ka>p.oypap.p,arevs,
453- 6 -
4;
rrpaois,
I
4^7' 7 *
TECHNICAL
132
TERMS
TOKOS, 488. 8. Toirodeola, 454* ropvevT-qs, 485. *3rparre^lrrfs, 479* 2.
trpot^, 5 1 3 . 14.
I 0
•npofytyrrfs, 520. 7, 9, 10. r
J
itvXls, 5 9 ' 4 peavT77s, 493. 10.
485. 20; 518b. II.
aaXKap.apiK\ov ipyaoTijpiov, ZVj8a0(
$11. II, 24.
), 457c. 5.
2ap.pa.6ov, 457d. 2ap.p\ara, 457a. cm*ci7, 494. 3 , 6, 8. OITIKT) Xip.vt.TiKr), 494* * crwoAdyos, 518b. 1 2 . o-vro6pos, 468. 8. aKTjVO-nriyia, 4 5 a . 16. ard8[iov, 5 9 - 7' ara6p.6s, 485. 4. CTTaTitSvos (sc. reXos), 489a. Col. I l l , 4 ; Col. IV, c. Col. V I I , 3 ; Col. V I I I , 3 ; Col. I X , 3 ; Col. X , 2. orpar-qyos, 452b. 2 ; 4 5 5 . I ; 467. 2 ; 482. I ; 485. 1, 28; 492. 18. ovp.f}o\a(.oypd<j>os, S 2 . 6. avp.fj.axos, 499. 3 . ovva[y]atyrj, 473. 7, 9. p-wjSoArj, 467. 1 3 . OWKOpAOT], 5 7 - *4ovv[o]iKeoLov, 4 3 - *4apay!\s, 5 8 c . 16. I
2
I
I
t>j8pts, 5l8c. 2 1 . vopr/yos, 4 5 - , IO. VCKT], 460. 3 ; 489a. Col. I l l , 9 ; Col. IV, 7. 2 a
2
j57r]aAAay|Lta, 4^7* irrareia,
r I
-
508. 3 ; 5 1 3 . IJ 518c. 3 1 .
viraTos, 473. 1 4 ; 490. 1 ; 5i8d. 25. vireperrjs, 4^7* 7* virepOeois, 508. 24; 5 H » 27. »3[7n?pe'TTjs, 495. 1 3 . v[Tr]oypaeys, 483. 9. VTTo6eois, 505' 7* 7 ; uir[d]Aoyos, 467. 18. V7r6p.vrjp.a, 487. *3' aKTOvdpiov, 5°4- 6. 6peTpov = 6XeTpov, 4 9 ' ^dpos, 452b. 1 7 ; 5 1 7 . 10. 1
I J
-
p0VTlOTT)S, 493* 4
1
T
T
rafietov, 5*8d. 3 , 2 1 . T O £ S , 487. 1 5 .
reAea/Lta, 498i. 2. TeAca/xa dreXis, 4 5 b . 18. T[eA]o?, 482. 22. TeAos 6VLS)V, 460. 10. 2
Xeipa>vd£iov, 460. 5. XtpioTTjs, 477. 3 . XoAos "Iot.8os, 520. 8. Xa>p.aT€Kf3oXia, 464. 26. Xco/xaTi/cdv, 489c. Col. V I I , 2 ; Col. V I I I , 2 ; Col. I X , 2. tpeiXos
TOTTOS,
452b. 10, 1 7 ; 454* 9
T ^ , 452a. 2 3 ; b. 8 ; 454. 1 3 ; 468. 1 0 ; 483. 3 , 8 ; 490. 4 ; 508. 14, 26; 510. 3 .
r
r
cos KaBrJKei, 495* > 6, 4«
- 1 0
'
5. L A T I N Barichius, 465. 19. Beleus, 465. 1 2 . Beleus, 4 6 5 . 1 3 .
INDEX Malichus S a . . . , 4 6 5 . 24. Marrius, s. of (?) C o m a r . . . , 465. 3. Oxyrincha, 463. 8.
Chaerilio, 463. 6. Claudius Sabinus, 465. 14. C o m a r . . , f. of (?) Marrius, 4 6 5 . 3. consul, 4 6 3 . 10. Cumesiu[s, 465. 27.
Pacebius P . . . , 4 6 5 . 30. pedes, 465. 1 2 . Psenosirius, 465. 25. Roman(us?) A . . , 465. 26.
E b r a . . . , 463. 8. Etiopius C h u . . . , 465. 29. G . . . , 4 6 S . 1.
Gaddius Avidus, 465. 16. Geta, 463. 10. Iebael, 465. 18. Ierraeus, s. of Macchanas (?), 4 6 5 . 1 5 . Isidorus, f. of Valerius, 4 6 5 . 4. Iulius, 465. 28. Macchanas, f. of Ierraeus (?), 4 6 5 . 1 5 . Malichus, f. of Themes, 465. 1 7 .
Sadus, 465. 2. Sadus, 465. 20. Salmes, 465. 22. sambatha, 457t>. 4Themes, 465. 2 1 . Themes, s. of Malichus, 465. 1 7 . Trufon H . . . , 4 6 5 . 27. Valerius, s. of Isidorus, 465. 4. Zabdius, 465. 1 3 . Zebidius, 465. 23.
INDEX OF SOURCES
Aeg. xxvii, 1947, 45 (Kalbfleisch) . Ann. d. Serv. x x i x , 1929, 49 sq., no. 2 (Boak) Arangio-Ruiz, Fontes juris Romani anteiustiniani, iii, 1943, no. 1 3 3 . B G U 1 4 1 , Col. I I (Wilcken) . . BGU 166 (Krebs) . . . B G U 185 (Viereck) . . . BGU 585 (Krebs) . . . BGU 854 (Krebs) with BL i. 73 . BGU 887 (Schubart) . . . BGU 1667 (Viereck and Zucker) . BGU 1891 (Kortenbeutel) . . BGU 1893 (Kortenbeutel) . . BGU 1896 (Kortenbeutel) . . BGU 1897a (Kortenbeutel) . . BGU 1898 (Kortenbeutel) . . Boak and Youtie, The Archive of Aurelius Isidorus, no. 77 . . Boak and Youtie, The Archive of Aurelius Isidorus, no. 1 1 4 . . Boak and Youtie, The Archive of Aurelius Isidorus, no. 1 1 5 . . Bodl. Libr., MS. Hebr. d. 86 (p) = Cowley, JEA ii, 1 9 1 5 , 2 1 2 . . Bulletin de la Faculte' des Leltres de Strasbourg, xl, 1 9 6 1 , p. 2 0 1 , no. 298 (Schwartz) . . . Bulletin de la Faculte des Lettres de Strasbourg, xl, 1 9 6 1 , p. 201, no. 299 recto (Schwartz) . . . Bulletin de la Faculte des Lettres de Strasbourg, xl, 1 9 6 1 , p. 205, no. 300 (Schwartz) . . . . Bulletin de la Faculte des Lettres de Strasbourg, xli, 1963, pp. 273 sq., no. 301 (Schwartz) . . . Cavenaille, CPL 1 3 1 . . . Cavenaille, CPL 1 3 4 . . Cavenaille, CPL 256 . . Class. Phil, x x x i v , 1939, 149 (Roberts) . . . . Deissmann, Licht vom Osten , 97 sq. Eos, xlviii. 1 , 1956, 1 7 6 (Bell and Rees) ( = Symbolae Taubenschlag dedicatae) . . . . Etudes de Papyrologie, v, 1939, no. 27, p. 107 (Boak) . . . 4
C.P.Jud. 4987 487 490 498*" 491 493 471 483 490 4986489c 459 489^ 489A 489*' 518c 474# 474ft 503
518a
4526
452a
515 463 465 457ft 457ft 462a
513 474a
Kraemer J r . , Excavations at Nessana, iii, no. 95 M. Chr. 272 (11. 12-20) . . . Melanges Maspero, ii, 1934, 1 2 3 (Manteuffel) . . . . P. M. Meyer, Griechische Texte aus Agypten, 1 7 5 sq. . . . Musurillo, The Acts of the Pagan Martyrs, no. x v , pp. 74, 225 . O. Bodl. (Tait-Preaux) ii. 778 . O. Bodl. (Tait-Preaux) ii. 784 . 0 . Bodl. (Tait-Preaux) ii. 1 4 3 3 . 0 . Bodl. (Tait-Preaux) ii. 1 4 3 5 . 0 . Bodl. (Tait-Preaux) ii. 1436 . O. Bodl. (Tait-Preaux) ii. 1 4 3 7 . 0 . Bodl. (Tait-Preaux) ii. 1 4 5 5 . 0 . Deissmann, 56 . . . 0 . Mich. 2 1 6 (Amundsen) . . O. Mich. 269 (Amundsen) . . 0 . Mich. 3 3 2 (Amundsen) . . 0 . Mich. 565 (Amundsen) . . 0 . Mich. 601 (Amundsen) . . 0 . Mich. 657 (Amundsen) . . 0 . Mich. 1 0 3 1 (Youtie, P. Mich, viii) P. Aberd. 54, fr. I (Turner) . . P. Aberd. 68 (Turner) . . . P. Aberd. 1 3 6 (Turner) . . . P . Amh. 98 (Grenfell and Hunt) . P . Ant. 42 (Roberts) . . . P . Ant. 89 (Zilliacus) . . . P. Bad. iv. 53 (Bilabel) . . P . Bouriant 44, verso (Collart) . P . Col. I , recto ia and ift (Wester mann and Keyes) . . . P . Col. I, recto 2 (Columbia Papyri, vol. ii, Westermann and Keyes) P . Col. I , recto 3 , Col I I I (Wester mann and Keyes) . . . P . Col. I, recto 4 (Westermann and Keyes) P . Cornell 7 (Westermann and Kraemer) . . . . P . Cornell 22 (Westermann and Kraemer) . . . . P . F a m . Tebt. 1 1 (van Groningen) . P . F a y . 66 (Grenfell, Hunt, and Hogarth) . . . . . P . F a y . , 0 . 39 (Grenfell and Hunt) .
T
5 4 490 520 462a 456 462ft 462c 462^ 462c 462/ 462^ 462A 462a 480 497c 478ft 478a 497ft 496 497a 484 501 456 468 508 517 500 458 489ft 489a 489^ 4895 488 481a 498a* 461 472a
INDEX P. Fay., 0 . 4 0 . . . P . Fouad 70 (Bataille et al.) . . P . Fouad 73 (Bataille et al.) . . P . Goth. 1 1 4 (Frisk) . . . P . Gron. 3 (Roos) . . . P . Hamb. 60 (Meyer) . . . P I F A O 3 2 8 (Bulletin de VInstitut Frangais d'Arche'ologie Orientale, xlvii, 1948, 196 sqq.) (Schwartz) P . Lond. i. 1 1 3 . 1 1 (a), pp. 223 sq. (Kenyon) . . . . . P . Lond. i. 1 1 3 . 1 2 (d) (Kenyon) with BL i. 240 (Bell) . . . . P . Lond. v. 1904 (Bell) . . . P . Mendes Genev. (Martin, Stud. Pal. xvii, 1 9 1 7 , 9 sqq.) . . . P . Merton 92 (Rees, Bell, Barns) . P . Mich. 7 5 , 238 (Husselman, Boak, and Edgerton) . . . . P . Mich. 126 (Boak) . . . P . Mich. 2 2 3 , 224, 2 2 5 , 3 5 8 , 359, 3 6 1 , 362 (Youtie) . . . . P . Mich. 448 (Sanders) . . P. Mich. 465 (Winter and Youtie) . P . Mich. 466 (Winter and Youtie) . P . Mich. inv. 2940 in Chron. d'£g. xxviii, 1 9 5 3 , 3 3 5 (Pearl) ( = - n o . 18) . . . . . P. Oxy. 43 verso (Grenfell and Hunt) P . Oxy. 100 (Grenfell and Hunt) . P . Oxy. 3 5 3 (Grenfell and Hunt) . P- Oxy 735 (Plate V) (Grenfell and Hunt) with P. Oxy. v, p. 3 1 5 (BL i. 3 7 sq.) P . Oxy. 903 (Grenfell and Hunt) . P . Oxy. 1205 (Hunt) . . . P . Oxy. 1429 (Grenfell and Hunt) . P . Oxy. 1747 (Grenfell and Hunt) . P . Oxy. 2019 (Grenfell, Hunt, and Bell) P . Oxy. 2037 (Grenfell, Hunt, and Bell) P . Phil. 18 (Scherer) . . . 2
472^ 498^ 498/! 479 467 485
518& 512
OF SOURCES
135
P . Princet. 1 3 (Johnson and van Hoesen) . . . . . P . Princet. 73 (Kase) . . . P . Princet. 103 (Kase) . . . P . Princet. 1 2 3 (Johnson and Good rich) . . . . . P . Princet. 1 3 5 (Johnson a n d Good rich) . . . . . P . Rendel Harris 1 4 2 (Powell) . P . Ross. Georg. I l l , 38 (Zereteli and
481& 469 499 481^: 502 451 511
509
Jernstedt) . . . . P . Ryl. 188, fr. 2 (Johnson, Martin, and Hunt) . . . . P . Ryl. 594, Col. I (Turner) . . P . Ryl. 603 (Introduction) (Roberts and Turner) . . . . P . Ryl. 6 1 3 P . Ryl. 637 (Roberts) . . . P.S.A. Athen. 45 recto (Petropulos) P.S.A. Athen. 54 (Petropulos) . P . Schwartz ined. . . . P S I 736 (Vitelli) . . . . P S I 742 (Vitelli) . . . P S I 883 (Vitelli) . . . . PSI 982 (Vitelli) . . . . P . Vars. 16 (Manteuffel) . . P. Wiirzburg 1 4 (Wilcken) . . S B 4252 . . . . . SB 7195-6 S B 7359 S B 9304 W . Schubart, Griechische literarische Papyri, 3 7 , (Berichte der Sachsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, Philologisch-historische Klasse, xcvii Band, 5. Heft, 1950) Stud. Pal. viii. 1299 (Wessely) . Stud. Pal. xxii, 1 9 2 2 , 47, no. 1 7 8 (Wessely) . . . . K . Thunell, Sitologenpapyri aus dem Berliner Mus., 1924, nos. 3 - 4 .
510 498/
W . Chr. 447 Wiener Studien, xii. 81 (Wessely) Wiener Studien, xii. 82 (Wessely)
475 512 507
507 504 494 518^ 489a 4986 492 463 486a 486b
492 475 454 482
465 457^ 473 477 476
. .
498^ 460 45 7a 457* 457^: 470 498k 516 495 505 455 520 466 453 462a 489/ 487 498;
519 506 464 489
II No. 451 452a
No.
P . Rendel Harris 1 4 2 (Powell) Bulletin de la Faculte des Lettres de Stras bourg, xl, 1 9 6 1 , p. 205, no. 300 (Schwartz) 452ft Bulletin de la Faculte des Lettres de Stras bourg, xl, 1 9 6 1 , p. 2 0 1 , no. 299 recto (Schwartz) 453 P. Wurzburg 1 4 (Wilcken) 454 P . Oxy. 100 (Grenfell and Hunt) 455 PSI 883 (Vitelli) 456 P . Aberd. 1 3 6 (Turner). Musurillo, The Acts of the Pagan Martyrs, no. x v , pp. 74, 225 457a P . Ryl. 603 (Introduction) (Roberts and Turner) 457ft Class. Phil, x x x i v , 1939, 149 (Roberts). P . Ryl. 6 1 3 . Cavenaille, CPL 256 457<; P. Ryl. 637 (Roberts) 457c? P. Oxy. 903 (Grenfell and Hunt) 458 P. Bouriant 44, verso (Collart) 459 BGU 1893 (Kortenbeutel) 460 P . Ryl. 594, Col. I (Turner) 461 P. F a y . 66 (Grenfell, Hunt, and Hogarth) 462a 0 . Deissmann, 56. S B 4252. Deissmann, Licht vom Osten*, 97 sq. P . M. Meyer, Griechische Texte aus Agypten, 1 7 5 sq. 462ft 0 . Bodl. (Tait-Preaux) ii. 778 462c 0 . Bodl. (Tait-Preaux) ii. 784 462a 0 . Bodl. (Tait-Preaux) ii. 1 4 3 3 462^ 0 . Bodl. (Tait-Preaux) ii. 1 4 3 5 4 6 2 / 0 . Bodl. (Tait-Preaux) ii. 1436 462^ 0 . Bodl. (Tait-Preaux) ii. 1437 462A 0 . Bodl. (Tait-Preaux) ii. 1 4 5 5 463 P. Mich. 488 (Sanders). Cavenaille, CPL 7
464 465
466 467 468 469 470 471 472a 472ft 473 474a
131 Stud. Pal. xxii, 1 9 2 2 , 47, no. 1 7 8 (Wes sely) P . Oxy. 7 3 5 (Plate V) (Grenfell and Hunt) with P. Oxy. v, p. 3 1 5 . Cavenaille, CPL 1 3 4 (BL i. 327 sq.) P . Vars. 1 6 (Manteuffel) P. Gron. 3 (Roos) P . Amh. 98 (Grenfell and Hunt) P . Princet. 73 (Kase) P.S.A. Athen. 45 recto (Petropulos) B G U 585 (Krebs) P. F a y . , 0 . 39 (Grenfell and Hunt) P . F a y . , O 40 P . Oxy. 1205 (Hunt) Etudes de Papyrologie, v, 1939, no. 27, p. 107 (Boak). The Archive of Aurelius
Isidorus (Boak and Youtie, i960), no. 114 474ft The Archive of Aurelius Isidorus, no. 1 1 5 (Boak and Youtie) 475 P . Oxy. 43 verso (Grenfell and Hunt). W . Chr. 447 476 P . Oxy. 1747 (Grenfell and Hunt) 477 P . Oxy. 1429 (Grenfell and Hunt) 478a O. Mich. 565 (Amundsen) 478ft 0 . Mich. 3 3 2 (Amundsen) 479 P . Goth. 1 1 4 (Frisk) 480 0 . Mich. 2 1 6 (Amundsen) 481a P . Cornell 22 (Westermann and Kraemer) 481ft P . Princet. 1 3 (Johnson and van Hoesen) 481c P . Princet. iii. 1 2 3 (Johnson and Good rich) 482 P . Oxy. 3 5 3 (Grenfell and Hunt) 483 BGU' 854 (Krebs) with BL i. 73 484 P . Aberd. 54, fr. I (Turner) 485 P . Hamb. 60 (Meyer) 486a P . Mich. 465 (Winter and Youtie) 486ft P . Mich. 466 (Winter and Youtie) 487 Ann. d. Serv. x x i x , 1929, 49 sq., no. 2 (Boak). SB 7359 488 P. Cornell 7 (Westermann and Kraemer) 489a P. Col. I, recto 2 (Columbia Papyri, vol. ii, Westermann and Keyes) 489ft P . Col. I , recto ia and ift (Westermann and Keyes) 489c BGU 1891 (Kortenbeutel) 489^ P. Col. I, recto 3, Col. iii (Westermann and Keyes) 489c P . Col. I, recto 4 (Westermann and Keyes) 4 8 9 / S B 7 1 9 5 - 6 . K . Thunell, Sitologenpapyri aus dem Berliner Mus., 1924, nos. 3 - 4 489^ B G U 1896 (Kortenbeutel) 489A BGU 1897a (Kortenbeutel) 489*' BGU 1898 (Kortenbeutel) 490 B G U 887 (Schubart). M. Chr. 272 (11. 1 2 20). Arangio-Ruiz, Fontes juris Romani anteiustiniani, iii, 1 9 4 3 , no. 1 3 3 491 B G U 166 (Krebs) 492 P. Mich. IV, Part I, nos. 2 2 3 , 224, 2 2 5 . P a r t I I , nos. 3 5 8 , 3 5 9 , 3 6 1 , 3 6 2 (Youtie). P . Mich. inv. 2940 in Chron. d'£g. xxviii, 1 9 5 3 , 3 3 5 (Pearl) ( = no. 18) 493 B G U 185 (Viereck) 494 P . Mendes Genev. (Martin, Stud. Pal. xvii, 1 9 1 7 , 9 sqq.) 495 P S I 736 (Vitelli) 496 O. Mich. 657 (Amundsen)
INDEX No. 4970 497& 497^ 498a 4986 498c 498^ 498^ 498/ 498^ 498A 4981 4987 4986 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507
508 509
0. 0. 0. P.
OF
Mich. 1031 (Youtie, P . Mich, viii) Mich. 601 (Amundsen) Mich. 269 (Amundsen) Mich. v. 238, I I . 75 (Husselman, Boak, and Edgerton) P . Mich. ii. 126 (Boak) BGU 1667 (Viereck and Zucker) P . F a m . Tebt. 1 1 (van Groningen) P . Ryl. 188, fr. 2 (Johnson, Martin, and Hunt) P . Phil. 1 8 (Scherer) P . Fouad 70 (Bataille et al.) P . Fouad 73 (Bataille et al.) B G U 1 4 1 , Col. I I (Wilcken) Kalbfleisch, Aeg. xxvii, 1947, 45. S B 9304 P.S.A. Athen. 54 (Petropulos) P . Princet. 103 (Kase) P . Bad. iv. 53 (Bilabel) P . Aberd. 68 (Turner) P . Princet. 1 3 5 (Johnson a n d Goodrich) Bodl. Libr., MS. Hebr. d. 86 (P) = Cowley, JEA ii, 1 9 1 5 , 2 1 2 P. Lond. v. 1904 (Bell) P S I vii. 742 (Vitelli) Stud. Pal. viii. 1299 (Wessely) Wiener Studien, xii, p. 82 (Wessely). P . Lond. i. 1 1 3 . 12 (d) (Kenyon) with BL i. 240 (Bell). Album, i, pi. 144 P . Ant. 42 (Roberts) P . Oxy. 2019 (Grenfell, Hunt, and Bell)
SOURCES No. 510 511 512 513 514 515
516 517 518a 518&
518c 518^ 519
520
137
P . Oxy. 2037 (Grenfell, Hunt, and Bell) P . Ross. Georg. iii, 38 (Zereteli and Jernstedt) Wiener Studien, xii. 81 (Wessely). P . Lond. i. 1 1 3 . 1 1 (a), pp. 223 sq. (Kenyon) Bell and Rees, Eos, xlviii. 1 ( = Symbolae Taubenschlag dedicatae), 1956, 1 7 6 Excavations at Nessana, iii (Kraemer J r . ) , no. 95 Bulletin de la Faculte' des Lettres de Stras bourg, xii, 1963, p. 2 7 3 , no. 301 (Schwartz) P . Schwartz ined. P . Ant. 89 (Zilliacus) Bulletin de la Faculte des Lettres de Stras bourg, xl, 1 9 6 1 , no. 298 (Schwartz) P I F A O 3 2 8 (Bulletin de Vlnstitut Frangais d''Archeologie Orientale, xlvii, 1948, 196 sqq.) (Schwartz) The Archive of Aurelius Isidorus, no. 77 (Boak and Youtie) P . Merton 92 (Rees, Bell, Barns) W . Schubart, Griechische literarische Papyri, 3 7 , Berichte der Sdchsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, Philologisch-historische Klasse, xcvii Band, 5. Heft, 1950 P S I 982 (Vitelli). Melanges Maspero, ii, 1934, 1 2 3 (Manteuffel)
APPENDIX I
THE J E W I S H I N S C R I P T I O N S OF E G Y P T T H E main plan of C.P.Jud. naturally excludes inscriptions. They have had a recent Corpus-publication of their own in the Corpus Inscriptionum Judaicarum, Vol. I I (1952), where the Egyptian inscriptions are nos. 1424-1539. Even so recent a publication, however, can be improved, thanks principally to the work of two of its reviewers, and it may therefore be helpful to reproduce the inscriptions here, with certain necessary changes. Readers will thus be able to have this important evidence available within the framework of the C.P.Jud., which will now contain, it is hoped, all the Greek and Latin nonliterary evidence on the Jews of Egypt. However, the existence of CI J makes it possible to reduce the amount of documentation and commentary far below the standard followed with the papyri and ostraka. Where all the necessary bibliography is to be found in CI J , I have confined myself to the text and translation and to noting any points of obvious Jewish interest. The number ing of CIJ has been followed in order to avoid confusion; additional inscriptions have been placed in their appropriate places without disturbing the numbering. This system groups the inscriptions topographically, not chronologically; in any case dates are mostly very hard to fix. 1
2
ALEXANDRIA 1424-31 From the early Ptolemaic necropolis of El-Ibrahimiyye, on which see Vol. I, p. 3 with n. 8. 1424
'Aqabiah, son of Elyo'enai. 1425 I^DK on the 10th day . . . Apollo(doros?). 1426 Scattered Aramaic letters; no complete word. 1427 'ItborjTTOS
KNEM
(irq) AS'.
Joseph . . . aged 34 years. No satisfactory explanation has yet been found for the formula KNEM. 1
Robert, REG lxvii, 1954, 1 0 1 - 4 ; Fraser, JEA xl, 1954,124. Mr. Fraser has read this Appendix, and saved me from many errors. Some inscriptions which I regard as non-Jewish are included, to avoid a break in the num bering. Some Hebrew and Aramaic inscriptions are included for the same reason. 2
T H E J E W I S H INSCRIPTIONS OF E G Y P T
139
1428 0LXOJV
'Iirrr
KNEM
(err)) v'.
Philon son of Hipp . . . aged 50 years. The restoration
is arbitrary, and I have excluded it from the text.
' ITTTT[OXVTOV\
1429 '7o)av|va Ev\poavvr). J o a n n a Euphrosyne Apparently a double name; see Vol. I, p. 28 and n. 70, where this inscription appears as SB 457. Third century B.C. (Breccia).
1430 Utpborepa
\ *HXcoScbpov | EiotovLa.
Simotera daughter of Heliodoros of Sidon. The inscription is classed as Jewish, because it comes from this necropolis. The name Eip.oripa does appear elsewhere (SGDI3706 iii 36) and conclusions drawn from her name about her social status are unconvincing.
1431 WvX\Xas Psyllas. Said to be early Ptolemaic.
1432
From the Gabbary quarter to the south-west of Alexandria. Add to biblio graphy: Breccia, Inscrizioni greche e latine, no. 4 1 , with a photograph better than that of CI J on pi. 1 1 , no. 29. [virep] f8acr[LXL(j\orrj]s Kal ft[ao~i\X]eojs Oetoi [pLe]\ydXooi €.[ITII]K6] \ 5 \coi,
'AXVTT[OS
TTJV]
I
Trpoae[vxriv]
\ eiroet [? vacat] | (erovs)
ie' Me[x€Lp. .]
In honour of the queen and the king, to the great god who listens to prayer, Alypos made the proseuche in the 15th year, Mecheir . . . . Similar inscriptions make it unlikely that any lines have been lost. I have retained the traditional restorations, but one remarkable fact should be noticed. The preserved part of the inscription is in strict stoichedon style, a strange archaism for this period and place, which ought to mean that every line has the same number of letters. This is not so on this restoration or on any other I can devise. The most likely date is 37 B.C. The inscription is referred to in Vol. I , p. 8, as OGIS 742.
1433
From Hadra. 0e]coL [
vxfjiaroji
T]OV
[TreplfioXov
Kal]
[eu^v
rd
Kal
rr)v
lepov irpoo avy]Kvpovra.
Vacat. to God, the Highest . . . the sacred precinct and the proseuche appurtenances.
and its
140
APPENDIX I J restores imjKoon in 1. 2. On the analogy of 1432 and 1442 the name of an individual or a community is more likely, rd avyKvpovra of the subsidiary buildings of a temple or shrine is not uncommon in Ptolemaic E g y p t . Compare OGIS 5 2 . 1 , 6 5 . 9,92. 5, and (in a Jewish context) 1442 here. F r o m the letter forms the date is probably second century B.C. The inscription is referred to in Vol. I, p. 8, as S B 589. CI
1434 A very fragmentary inscription from the necropolis of Kom el-Chougata which might be a dedication to members of the royal house by [ol 'IWJSafoi. 1435 Two fragments bought in Alexandria, not certainly from there. (a)
]Aa> K(vpLos) UapovrjX AX[ i]7ni<Xr)(d€is) Bop£,o)(o[plas eir^a pt\aTco (dettji) K.(vpLcoi) rep 7r]aio(tov) 9' T O O T I [
dy[lco
virep
5 (b)
]v60TOUT6tn[ JAAeAco K.(vpios)
Ua[povrjX
] Novvov eTr[iKXr)9€LS ]7TtO"r[
(a) . . . I, master Samuel son of Al. . ., also called Borzacharias, thank God, the Lord, the Holy, on behalf of my nine children . . . . (b) . . . I, master Sa(muel?), son of Nonnus (?), also called . . . Pist. . . . The fragments have been customarily treated as two copies of the same inscription and a difficult combined text will be found in C I J. They are certainly fragments of the same sort of text, and it is possible that the dedicants have the same name. B u t they appear to have different patronymics and different by-names, and it would be safer to treat them as indepen dent. I can offer no solution of the mysterious AAeAw which seems to appear in 1. 1 of both fragments, or of fragment (a) 11. 4 - 5 . The by-name in (a) is referred to in Vol. I, p. 28 n. 70, as from S B 616.
1436 Alexandria, Government Hospital. 9(ecp) P(or}9ovvTL) AOEOYXINA TCO dylco
evxW
Vacat. To the god who helps as a vow . . . to the holy . . . . I can offer no explanation of 1. 2 of this late votive inscription. Its Jewish nature is inferred by a comparison with C I J 964 (Ascalon) and 1437, below.
1437 ^plov vlov ] K€ TOO dylop TO [v 'IkpdrjX 0(e<2) fi(or]9ovvTi) Dl^tZ? . . . son of . . .rios . . . and to the holy one (of?) Israel. Peace. C I J has: 1. 1 . tov 1. 3 ad init. 'IojSpdrjX ad fin. D1£LS My corrections from the photograph. Roman date.
T H E J E W I S H INSCRIPTIONS OF E G Y P T
141
1438 On a column-base found near the Roman Tower. Add to bibliography: Schwabe, Bull, des Etudes Historiques Juives, no. 1, pp. 1 0 1 - 3 . [vTrjep aojrrjptas Kvpds 'Povas dvyarpos ivroXlov Bopoi>x
Kapiordrov
[rov
pa]
Bapaxla»
F o r the safety of the lady Roua, daughter of Borouch son of Barachias, the most blessed, the law-abiding. Peace. 1. 1 'fW<8>as Schwabe, misled by a false reading 'PovXas Four interpretations have been offered of this late-Roman inscription. If 'EVTOXIOS is a name, Bopoi>x Bapaxta has been held to be (a) the name of the father of Entolios, (b) a Hebrew bene diction in Greek letters, (c) the name of the dedicant of the inscription. Alternatively, ivroXios is an otherwise unattested parallel form of (piXevroXos (cf. CI J 132, 509).
1439 On a plaster amphora. ' IovXuavov Of Julianos. Surrounded by seven-branched candlestick.
S C H E D I A (Kafr ed Daouar) 1440 Add to bibliography: Breccia, Inscrizioni greche e latine no. n ; Gabba, zioni greche e latine per to Studio delta Bibbia, no. 1 .
Iscri-
yirkp fiaaiXecos IJroXepalov Kail ^aaiXlaarjs BepeviKrjs dSeX 5
cf>rjs Kal
yvvaiKos
Kal
TCOV T6KVCOV
ttjv TTpocrevxrjv ol
'IovSatoi,.
In honour of King Ptolemy and Queen Berenike his sister and wife and their children, the Jews built the proseuche. CI J has in 1. 1 v]irep, in 1. 8 'IovSa(l)oc. Correctly in OGIS 726. This dates from the reign of Ptolemy I I I Euergetes (246-221 B.C.) and is with 1532A the oldest reference to a synagogue in Egypt or indeed anywhere. See Vol. I , p. 8 (referred to as OGIS 726).
Western
Delta
X E N E P H Y R I S , near Damanhur 1441 vnep
fiacnXecos
IJroXepalov
K a l fiacnXlarcTrjs KXeondrpas dSeXcfrfjs K a l PacriX£crcjr]s KXe
rrjs
APPENDIX I
142
orrarpas rrjs yvvatKos ot anro 3evevpeos *Iovoaioi TOV irvXtova rrjs TTpoaev)(r]s Tipooidvicov ©eoScbpov
5
KOL
A)(LX\LCOVOS.
In honour of King Ptolemy and Queen Cleopatra his sister and Queen Cleopatra his wife, the Jews of Xenephyris (built) the gateway of the proseuche when Theodoras and Achillion were prostatai. The date is between 143 and 117 B.C. See Vol. I , pp. 8 , 1 0 n. 28, 23 n. 56, where the inscription is quoted as S B 5862.
NITRIAI
(WadiNatrun)
1442 Add to bibliography: S B
5
7454.
virep fiaaiXecos IJroXepLaLov Kal fiaoiXioo'ijs KXeorrdrpas rrjs dSeXcj>rjs Kal f$aaiALoor}s KXeorrdrpas rrjs yvvaiKOS Evepyercov ot iv iVtrptat? 'iouSatoi TT)V Trpooevxrjv Kal r a ovyKvpovra.
In honour of King Ptolemy and Queen Cleopatra his sister and Queen Cleopatra his wife, the benefactors, the Jews in Nitriai (dedicated) the proseuche and its appurtenances. The date is between 143 and 117 B.C. See Vol. I , pp. 8 and 23 n. 58, where the inscription is quoted as S B 7454.
A T H R I B I S (Benha) 1443 Add to bibliography: Gabba, op. cit., no. vi.
5
virep fiaocAecos riroAep.aiov Kal fSaoLAtoorjs KAeoTrdrpas TTroAe/xato? ^ETTIKV^OV 6 imordrrjs TCOV <j>v\aKircov K a t ot ev et IovSatoi >
rr)v
irpooev)(7]V
OeCOl
VlfjLOTCOt.
In honour of King Ptolemy and Queen Cleopatra, Ptolemaios son of Epikydes chief of police and the Jews in Athribis (dedicated) the proseuche to the Supreme God. The date is uncertain (second or first century B . C . ) . The inscription is discussed as OGIS 96 in Vol. I , pp. 8 , 1 7 with n. 46.
THE
J E W I S H INSCRIPTIONS OF E G Y P T
1444 Add to bibliography: Goodenough, Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman ii. 8 5 . VTrkp fiaoiXecos IlToXepalov
143 Period,
Kal fiacnXlocrrjs KXeoTtdrpas Kal
5
TCOV T€KVCOV
'Epplas
Kal
/ecu ra
iraLOLa
0iXoTepa
Trji
Trjvoe
rj
yvvr)
egeopav
Trpoaevxrj{i).
In honour of King Ptolemy and Queen Cleopatra and their children, Hermias and his wife Philotera and their children (gave) this place for sitting for the proseuche. Presumably later than 1443. Not 'a la proseuche' (CIJ), which suggests that npooevxy is capable of meaning a corporate body as well as a building. Nor would I follow Krauss, Synago gale Alterliimer 349, in interpreting igeSpa as a row of columns outside the principal building. See for igeopa, Daremberg-Saglio, Dictionnaire des Antiquites, s.v., and Goodenough, loc. cit. See Vol. I, p. 8, where the inscription is referred to as OGIS 101.
1445 OL €K TTJS [ TLCOTLKrjS [
686v OVl[ GTr)Tr)v[ w
5
KTj TOO*[ GLOp[
Found with 1443-4, but there is nothing to be made of it.
1 4 4 6 - 8 Possibly from Alexandria. 1446 *
IovXuavpv
EloaK
APtStpov 5
evXoyrjTpv.
Vow of lulianus Isaac, son of the lamented Abbiba. 1447 On a statue-base. Aprepcov NLKCOVOS TO t a
(€TOS)
TrpipoTaTrioas) Tfj
ovvaycoyfj 5
. . VTrjKTjL.
Artemon son of Nikon, having been prostates for the eleventh year to the synagogue . . . .
APPENDIX I
144
Interpretation is difficult. F o r prostatai cf. no. 1441 and Vol. I , p. 10. Not in any case 'a la tete de la communaut6' (CIJ), which would be rijs owaya>yrjs. owaycuyrj is not otherwise found in Egypt.
1448 An amulet with Jewish formulae, said to have been found at Cyzicus in Asia Minor, and with no proper place among the Jewish inscriptions of Egypt. Lower Egypt, unknown provenance,
found
at
Cairo.
1449 Add to bibliography: Gabba, op. cit., no. viii. fiaoiXLooirjs Kal ftacrL Xdcos ttpoor a^dvr cov dvrl rrjs rrpoavaKei pb€V7]s Trepl rrjs dvaOeae cos rrjs TrpoGevxfjs irXd kos rj vnoyeypap,p,£vr\
5
kTTiypat\>rpTCO'
ftaoiXevs IJToXepLacos Ev epyeTrjs ttjv irpoaevyrpr davXov.
10
REGINA E T R E X IUSSER(UN)T On the orders of the queen and king, in place of the previous plaque about the dedication of the proseuche let what is written below be written up. King Ptolemy Euergetes (proclaimed) the proseuche inviolate. The queen and king gave the order. No firm answer can be given to either of the basic chronological questions. Was it Euerge tes I or Euergetes I I who originally conferred asylum (see Vol. I, p. 8, where this inscription is referred to as OGIS 129) on this synagogue? Who were the queen and king who ordered the renewal of the inscription ? Tcherikover (Vol. I , p. 96) accepted the view that they were Zenobia of Palmyra and her son in A.D. 270; the alternative suggested by Dessau that they were Cleopatra and Caesarion is almost certainly excluded by the letter-forms.
HELIOPOLITE
NOME
1450 Add to bibliography: Gabba, op. cit., no. xi. ILIL[ ...
XCXKLOV
OT[
. . . . TrXrjjdovs To]IS" 5
]
TCOV
ev
TCOI Te/Ae[Vei
T€TLpLr)K6[cFlV
oud ro£?S[e ]6ev' e'So[fe a^Tparrjyov [ OLVTCOL
THE
J E W I S H INSCRIPTIONS OF E G Y P T
145
X\pVOCOL (JT€(f>[dvOJL ] VTTO
]
rcov §>\aoi\eojv
(?)
IAOAETQP[
This inscription has perhaps for too long been accompanied by the restorations given it by its first editor. Shorn of these, for which Prof. Tcherikover implied justifiable scepticism (Vol. I , p. 17 n. 45), it gives little clear information. It is certainly an honorary decree, probably for a strategos (1. 7), perhaps of the Heliopolite nome. If 1. 2 is to be restored ar[paTr}y6s, he was the son of a Helkias, but this does not tell us whether he was called Helkias or Onias. L . 3 may imply that the area round Onias' temple (see Vol. I , pp. 44-46) was called a refievos. This is as far as we can reasonably go, and is perhaps already too far.
L E O N T O P O L I S (Tel el-Yehoudieh) 1 4 5 1 - 1 5 3 0 We come now to the largest group of the Jewish inscriptions of Egypt, those from the necropolis of Tel el-Yehoudieh. It must be said at once that they are likely to be completely atypical. For reasons explained in Vol. I, pp. 4 4 - 4 6 , it is unlikely that the venture of Onias at Leontopolis was ever much in touch with the main stream of Jewish life in Egypt, and the descendants of Onias' settlers seem to have gone very much their own way. Nevertheless, these in scriptions have an interest and charm of their own, particularly in the metrical epitaphs, which are not without considerable technical accomplishment. The numerical classification is totally arbitrary, being in effect the order in which they were first published. For reasons which are by no means fully clear it has been a widespread practice to assume that all dates by regnal years are dates in the reign of Augustus. It is likely, however, that some inscriptions are either earlier or later than this reign, and I have preferred agnosticism. We have two means of measuring the Jewishness of the community, by their names and by their sentiments. Greek and Hebrew names occur in almost equal numbers. There is a sprinkling of Egyptian names, but several fathers with Egyptian names gave Hebrew names to their children. Momigliano drew atten tion to the pagan nature of 1 5 3 0 , but to balance this, 1 5 0 8 , and 1 5 1 1 , where stress is laid on the dismal nature of the tomb, we have 1 5 1 0 which asserts that the soul of the dead has gone to heaven, and 1 5 1 3 , where Rachelis hopes for mercy. The picture is, as one might expect, confused. To the general bibliography given in CI J should be added the important article of L. Robert, Hellenica i. 1 8 - 2 4 ; J . Leibowitch, Ann. Ant. xli, 1 9 4 2 , 4 1 sqq., who has three more inscriptions, and Spicq, Mnemosyne viii, 1 9 5 5 , 3 1 - 3 2 , who discusses some of the epithets applied to the deceased. Many, but not all, of the metrical epitaphs have been collected in W. Peek, Griechische Versinschriften, i, Berlin, 1 9 5 5 (henceforth Peek, GV), but though I have taken note of his texts, I have omitted some readings and restorations which seem insufficiently grounded. The inscriptions are on stelai, unless otherwise indicated. 1451
Add to bibliography: S E G viii. 485. ]fJL€ Kal vvv [to 7r]apoSefTa* 6 yev\vqaas T7]Ko\pevos
V
^ XV[
V
a
]
v
v
yap p[eya\ V^
V€L
irevdei
^Se <^i|Aots".
146
APPENDIX I et Se 6eX[eis], yvcovai ovva\aai rrocror) TrtCTJVJtS" r)oe xdpis,
5
Kal
Se£»|/o' idi Ka'l [r]lS
\ TTCOS
7rdvr{a)s
6$vpp,6s e^ei.
epcbrrjcrov UopiorjXov \ vlov Acoparos'
TTOTaTTOS \
1. 2 [<5 TrJopoSeira Peek; [p.eivci]v dSeira CIJ
1. 5 irdvres
on the Stone
1. 6 2o[i6r)Xov
on the stone: 2Jop.6rj8ov CIJ
. . . me even now, O passer-by. F o r m y father greatly mourns, melted in his soul, along with my family and friends. I f you wish, you can know how great was my faithfulness and grace, and how all are overcome b y grief. Come hither and ask Samoelos son of Doras, who and of what sort (he was) . . . . 1452 MIKKOS
(erovs)
Neddveojs
\ rracricpiXe xprjore
aojpe | %aipe.
cos ercDv Ae'. |
iQ', 0acdcj>i ia'. \
Mikkos, son of Nethanis. Farewell, friend of all, excellent one, untimely dead. About 35 years old. I n the 19th year, Phaophi n . Despite the assertion of CIJ, Mikkos is a common Greek name and not necessarily a Greek form of Micah. Nedavis (cf. 1518) presumably does represent Nathan or a derivative.
1453 'EXed^ape acope xprjGTe TraoL
in CI] is a misprint.
O Eleazar, untimely dead, excellent one, friend of all. About 20 years old. Mecheir ( ? ) . . . . 1454 Bapxlas Xoidx
Bap\x^ov dXvTre \ ^ p ^ o r e ^|at/)e. cbs e r | 5 \cdv v'.\ a
a ' . I X ^P
e
77
^°
/
yvv\aiKos Kal re |/c(v>cov r....
(erovs)
/
Xe ,
| 10 |Acova.... |
et/xe. . . . | iy Barchias son of Barchias, who caused pain to none, excellent one, fare well. About 50 years old. In the 35th year, Choiak 1. Farewell from your wife and children . . . . The 35th year is almost inevitably that of Augustus. The date will be 27th November 5.
A.D.
1455 . . . oviov
Trarrjp
There is no telling whether the first name is complete, or whether -naT-qp refers forwards or backwards.
THE J E W I S H INSCRIPTIONS OF E G Y P T
147
1456 ApicrTofiovXe Ao[
]
dojpe TTaaicj)iXe xpvjfore ^atpe.] O Aristoboulos, son of D o . . . , untimely dead, friend of all, excellent one, farewell. 1457 AyadoK\Xeov
rov | ' Ovr)tnpo[v]
| (CTOVS)
or (ertov)
p'.
(Tomb) of Agathokles, son of Onesimos. 40 years old or in the 40th year. If this is a regnal year, which seems slightly more probable, the date is A.D. I O - I I .
1458 (erovs) atpe.
1 Uavvi
0
t/3' \ TXavKias
1
\ ertov p/3' | tfuXdreKve | 5 | XPV " "^
X
In the 10th year, Payni 12, Glaukias. 102 years old, you who loved your children, excellent one, farewell. 1459 (a) Text given by Breccia, Inscrizioni UdXapis
I .ap..
greche e latine, p. 180, no. 368.
I . . . € I . . . ^ a t | 5 |[/oe] (ertov) vr) \ (erovs)
a'
Xoi(a )[ X
(b) Text given by Naville, The Mound of the Jew and the City of Onias, p. 14. SdXapis I Kava. Xoc(ax) ia' I
.px^\v....
,a\ape.
a
X A ->
€
\P
OJ
' -'-
\ (erovs)
ta'
If these are the same text, the translation is: Salamis, . . . farewell. About 18 years. In the n t h year, Choiak 1 1 . 1460 E[ ] dtope I XP ) " ^ X ^P Tvfa / . I 7 0
7
a
€
r
73 ctcrt|^tA[e]. tbs ertov Ky' | (erovs) t y '
O S . . ., untimely dead, excellent one, farewell, friend of all. About 23 years old. In the 13th year, Tybi 3. 1461 P. .Ato dop\e [sic] are/eve | . .. .p,. . . . R . . . untimely dead, childless . . . . The reading of the name is obviously unreliable.
1462 I ecr.... I
I
| 5 | ocr
I (erovs) K £ '
. . . I n the 27th year ( ? ) . . . .
148
APPENDIX I
1463 Names in red paint over two funerary niches.
Elpds
Tpvatva
dvydrrjp
fMrjrrjp
Tryphaina, the mother.
Eiras, the daughter.
For Tryphaina cf. No. 4 2 1 , 1 . 183; Elpds is perhaps a hypokoristic form of Elprfv-q.
1464 0evS[cbp\a 7r]ao"[t^t]|Ae [Xol]\a B'.
r
<JTr
XP }\ )
I5 |
a
e
X ^P
TOV
L7
I ~ " I ~ " I {* s)
)'
X
Theodora, friend of all, excellent one, farewell. . . . In the 18th year, Choiak 9. 1465 'Iovoas
I 'Iovoov
I cbs erco\v rptKov\
5 \ra [sic].
Judas, son of Judas, about 30 years old. 1466 7
0
70
'l?Aa£a/)o|? XP ] " ^ Tr\ao~Lcf)iAos \ (ercov) A" | 5 | (erovs) P' Kaiaap(os)
|
Mexjip K'. Eleazaros, excellent one, friend of all. About 30 years old. In the second year of Caesar, Mechir 20. The date is 14th February, 28 B.C.
1467 5
IaKovftos [sic] tS'.
I dcope Kopape |
a
e
x ^P
I ^
€TODI>
ia
| 5 | (erovs)
y'
@cbdv
O Jakoubos, untimely dead, clever one, farewell. About n years old. Ir the 3rd year, Thoth 14. Fraser compares, for Kop,tfi6s in Egyptian epitaphs, S E G i. 561 (probably non-Jewish from its place of finding, though the deceased is named Theodosios).
1468 'Iodvrj 'Iodv\ov a
€
X ^P
I
vvp,tf>ie | cucope [sic] 7racrt|<^tAe /cat | 5 | dAvne
07
xPvl "^
(ircov) A'.
11. 4 - 5 dcope 77•aff|^^^Ae CI J, which I have corrected from the photograph.
O Johannes, son of Johannes, bridegroom, untimely dead, friend of all and who caused pain to none, excellent one, farewell. About 30 years old. 1469 erovs £' &a p,'(evcbd) £,'. | Eafifiaralos a
€
X ^P
\ UopLotfAov | dcope
aT
xpf) *- \
5 |
<*>s (ercov) | /ce''.
I n the seventh year, Phamenoth 7. Sabbataios son of Samuel, untimely dead, excellent one, farewell. About 25 years old.
THE
J E W I S H INSCRIPTIONS OF EGYPT
149
1470
|
UaPtScLTLtov dtope \ xp^vre Traaitj>i\e
a
e
dXonre [sic] X *-P
\ <*>s (ertov).
Sabbation untimely dead, excellent one, friend of all, who caused pain to none, farewell. About . . . years old. 1471 2Jd/3f3ade xPvl " "^ IJavvi I / c £ ' . 0
1
a
7raGitf>i\\€
€
X ^P
'. | 5 | (erovs)
^Ttov
K$'
Sabbathos, excellent one, friend of all, farewell. About 60 years old. In the 26th year, Payni 27. If this is a regnal year of Augustus, the date is 21st June, 4 B.C.
1472 NIKT] dop\ov (ertov) A". A6\vp i a / | (erovs) K ' . Nike, untimely dead, 30 years old. Athyr n in the 20th year. It is obvious that the expansions (eVcov) and (erovs) could be and perhaps should be reversed.
1473 \EAea£apo[?] | dojpo[s]
aT
XPV ^W]
I
TTacrltl>i\.o[s~\ \ cos (ertov)
Ke'.
Eleazaros, untimely dead, excellent one, friend of all. About 25 years old. 1474 Eefiedtois
I
dtope x^P "]^ 01
[sic]
Traoitj>i\e
|
vej8| 5 j (erovs) 17'
« I « ~ V > » I [•]»'• Sebethois, untimely dead, excellent one, friend of all. . . . I n the 8th year, Mesore 9 (?). For the name cf. 1484. For the ending of the name, cf. the genitive EafSaBtoiros in no. 39. F o r the vocalization perhaps cf. 2eXefia>v in No. 198. Line 4 should presumably be restored [cos €TCO]I> with a miswritten numeral.
1475 . . .va\.vov
p\iKpdv
Sj 1 0 \vo.
(erovs) e' Tvf$L S'.
I Traai\
5 |iAov | K\ava\are.
tbs \ ertov
rp(.\aKovra
Mourn for . . . the little one, friend of all. About 32 years old. In the 5th year, Tybi 4. 1476 (erovs)
I
A' I <Pappov9i |
XPyare I 1 0 I X
a r
| 5 | 'Irjtrovs \ Uapf3ai\ov dtope \ dreKve
\
e
W -
In the 30th year, Pharmuthi 27. Jesus son of Sambaios, untimely dead, childless, excellent one, farewell. The date is probably 22nd April, A.D. 1.
150
APPENDIX I
1477 Tev(f)iXt | Apaeiov\os
ereX\evrrjcre | 5 | ercov v' | dopos.
€vifjvxi>-
Theophilos son of Arseion died at the age of 50, untimely dead. B e of good cheer. There is really no good evidence that this comes from Tel el-Yehoudieh, and its formulae are unparalleled there. The belief that it is Jewish rests only on the name Theophilos (cf. Vol. I , p. x i x n. 7).
1478 [E]lprjv7]{i} PL[O]V6(L)
r) Kal 2Japa(rryov(sY
\ dcopos.
(cbs) ercov Kg'. |
[&ap]-
1
IS '.
Eirene also called Sarapous, untimely dead, about 16 years old. Pharmouthi 6. [E]lprjvr]i TJ KOL 27apa<7r>oi;<Ti> de Ricci, but the datives are unjustifiable. For double names and Egyptian names among the Jews, see Vol. I , pp. 28-29. B u t since there is no evidence that this comes from Tel el-Yehoudieh and the only reason for supposing it Jewish is the name Eirene, also borne by Greeks (cf., for example, No. 241. 7), the criteria of C.P.Jud. (Vol. I , p. xix) would certainly exclude this inscription.
1479 Ev rrev\re.
Ao? dcopos cbs ercov e (?) | 'E
S dcopos cos ercov
E u . . .los, untimely dead, about 5 (?) years old. E . . . untimely dead, about five years old. There is no reason whatever to suppose this inscription Jewish.
1480 Taov[rc]v
| XPVW "] ) I X ^P 7
7
a
€
^(s) €\rco[v] p,6' | 5 | (erovs)
t/T Oacocj>i |
Ka\
Taoution, excellent one, farewell. About 4 9 years old. In the 12th year, Phaophi 21. De Ricci described this inscription as of the type of those of Tel el-Yehoudieh. There is no reason to suppose it Jewish.
1481 Add to bibliography: L. Robert, Hellenica, i. 23 n. 8. erovs s*' ia'. A. . \dis Sa^\a\\raiov XQ cbs ercov | Ae'. HB
7
1
dco\ 5 \pos Ad^o> XP }** "*}
In the 6th year, Athyr 1 1 . A. . . this (daughter of or wife of) Sabbataios, untimely dead, in childbirth, excellent one, farewell. About 3 5 years old. Robert shows that Ao'xw is probably nominative. The last two letters are mysterious.
1482 E(i)aaKLs ETZAKIZ
'IalKcpjSco dcope \ ^p^orfe
a
6
X K/°[ ]-
on the stone.
O Isakis son of Jakobos, untimely dead, excellent one, farewell.
THE
J E W I S H INSCRIPTIONS OF EGYPT
151
1483 [Ua^/Sarats \ ['E]K$ripov \ 7raoitf>iXos \ XP ) " "* £ ' . I (erovs) t] Ha{v)vL iS'. 7 0
7
a
I 5 | (bs
€
xi ^P )
(er)tov
The stone has in 1. 4 %h 1. 5 recov, 1. 6 IJavi.
Sabbatais son of Ekdemos, friend of all, excellent one, farewell. About 60 years old. In the 8th year, Payni 14. For [27oj3]jSoTai? cf. No. 44.
1484 Uefiedtois
x
Fov\ovevros
dtope | XP } ^ T
| irevre.
reaoepaKovra
(TT
tyXe
| ^ai/ae.
ertov
yrjs eXa\tf>pas rvxous' \ ((erovs))
\5 |
1 Xotax t>6'.
Sebethois son of Psonsneus, untimely dead, excellent one, dear one, farewell. About 45 years old. May you find the earth light on you. In the 10th year, Choiak 19. For the name, cf. note to 1474. The father's name is unmistakably Egyptian.
1485 'Itbcrr)cf)os I [0]opovvt(os) €LKo[cr]tJi
rpls
I (erovs)
dreK\ve
I dtope
t[. ?
xp-rycn-e X \ a
e
\^P -
^
ertov |
]t /cj8'.
1. 7 On grounds of space [&apfio€d]i seems the most likely restoration.
O Josephos son of Phomounis, untimely dead, childless, excellent one, farewell. About 23 years old. In the . . .th year, . . . 22. Again a Jewish name, with an Egyptian patronymic.
1486 Aafio'Cs IIe\rtoros | XP ] ^ ty', 0a\pevtbr K a ' .
x°\ 5 \^pe tbs (ertov) | A£'.
I dtope
7 GT
(erovs)
Labois son of Petos, excellent one, untimely dead, farewell. About 37 years old. In the 13th year, Phamenoth 21. For the name Labois, see Leibovitch, Annales du service, xli, 1942, 42.
1487 I
j
Xpl^o-Jre
0
0
[x]"/! 5 |e.
tbs (ertov)
X'. [ (erovs)
18',
0ap(pov0L) K a ' . . . . excellent one, farewell. About 30 years old. In the 14th year, Phar mouthi 21. 1488 7
1 7
cf>LXd]\8eX(f>e tf>tX[6re]\Kve 7racu'<£tA[e] | XP )® ' )
eXatf>pas rvxot[s]' \ MAT r o d K a l y', TIaxtbv e'.
A tbs ertov
r{e)\(o)epaKovra
a
€
X ^[P '
YVs]
I
I
trevre. | erovs 16'
APPENDIX I
152
. . . who loved your brothers and your children, friend of all, excellent woman, farewell. May you find the earth light on you. About 4 5 years old. In the 19th year which is also the 3rd, Pachon 5. MAT A in 1. 6 is insoluble. I cannot, however, follow Preisigke in supposing it an error for yalas. This would produce an extraordinary word-order, and I have preferred to restore yj)s in 1. 4, where it is indispensable (cf. 1484). The double-dating is characteristic of the reign of Cleopatra VII, and the date is probably 30th April, 33 B.C. However, the two elements are not compatible, the 19th year elsewhere being equated with the 4th.
1489 The inscription is in the Alexandria Museum, No. 20905. Besides the publication by Edgar alone reported in CIJ, it was independently published by Peek, BSA A xxvii. 5 7 no. 3 , whence SEG viii. 3 7 4 and S B 7804. It is now also Peek, GV 1 1 4 3 .
[\_ ^
— v., w
_ J TrdvTas iv
opcftavij)
[- ]ov d8eX7[Ti] [—
^
KJ
—
wjcos" —
d%os ipe iras.
TOVJJLOV
pLvrjaOels rrjs [t,Air)]s, rjv els LTVv6p,ai,[pL]o[v e ' S e t ^ a ] 5
pur) rrapfofls
«^
w]y
6p,otp\pocrvvr)S'
cbs Kaytb tpcAdoeAcfros icbv / c a t 7racrt 7 r o A e t T a t ? Xprjarros iKoipirjdrjv rrArjaiov elpX Qicov 6 IlaovTos,
alpLoyevtdv.
os iv /3ovAaiaiv
dpuaros
ivddoe pLvrjpLrjtp / c e t / x a t a V o ^ t / x e v o s ' . 10
(erovs) S , TIacocpL vr)'.
1. 2 . .yyiTTOv, 1. 3 £770-01 yap oX^tgjcjs, 1. 5 yp\&v
O]IKOV,
Peek.
There is too much here which has been read by Peek and not by Edgar for me to place great confidence in the text, and I have relegated to the apparatus readings which seem to me par ticularly unlikely. One point which particularly remains dubious is the last word of 1. 7. Peek's aip.oyeva>v, which appears in GV without the dots of the first publication, is a hapax legomenon. Nevertheless, I think it should probably be preferred to Edgar's d[XX]oyevd)v. For if the deceased is buried among strangers, he should say where he does come from, and for this there appears to be no room. He must therefore be taken as a native of Tel el-Yehoudieh, and the Egyptian patronymic is again noteworthy.
. . . (leaving) everyone deserted . . . my brother, loved b y me in life . . . let every man bear my grief. Remembering the love which I showed to my brother, do not overlook the . . . of unanimity. F o r I, who loved my brother and was a friend to all the citizens, sleep among my kindred. I am Theon son of Paous, who, renowned in counsel, lie here dead in the tomb. Y e a r 4, Paophi 18. 1490 Add to bibliography: Peek, GV 700. c58'
vrro r d OTTiAdSos pLeAadpov, £evc, / c € [ f / z a t v — <J]
ArjpL&s, yrjpas dcf>els paqrpos eAetvoTa[T77S'] / c a t reKva
vrpnC iAecvd / c a t avarrjpdv
rroAAcov dvOpcorrcov POLOOS icbv S
KAavcrare rov 7r[/oo]At7rdvTa
TO
7ra[pa/cotTtv]
crvv[eaet.]
aep,v6ra[rov
^ ^ - ^]
T H E J E W I S H INSCRIPTIONS OF E G Y P T Kal
8' rjdea Kal tf>iXiav.
TTOXLV, dvdpixiTTOjv
[A]r)pqs
153
cb[s] (ertov) Xr)'.
(erovs) vo', Ad[vjp y ' . K a l ay 10
AXe£av8pe
7raaLi\e K a l
dvey at
KX[r)]re XPvM*
e
xl P -l
1. 1 Irjrpos Wilhelm (Ost. Jahreshefte, xxvii, 1931, Beiblatt, 89-92), dvavoos Lietzmann, dcopos Peek. 1. 4 cro[<£tcu] Wilhelm, but owtjoei] suggested by Cronert is the better-supported reading. 1. 5 7ToXiTevp.a Wilhelm, Piorevp-a Lietzmann.
Here under the shelter of this stone, stranger, I lie . . . , Demas, deserting the old age of my unhappy mother, and my pitiable young children and my mourning wife, I who helped many men b y my understanding. Weep for the man who has left the most dignified . . . and his city, and the haunts and friendship of men. Demas about 38 years old. In the 54th year, Hathyr 3. You too Alexandres, friend of all, without reproach, excellent one, farewell. The date must be 22nd November, 117 B.C. Whatever precise restorations are adopted at the ends of 11. 1, 3 , 5, the language of 1. 4 has convinced most scholars that Demas was a doctor, a fact of some interest and importance. The sense required for avarr/pdv is unparalleled. Prof. E . R . Dodds and Mr. P . J . Parsons have independently conjectured avxpypdv.
1491 7 07
Elprjvr)\s~\ I NiKavo\p(os)
7 5
vv
XP ) "] )
y\
5 \atKOs
\ (erovs) y', 'Advp 1 .
(Tomb of) Eirene, excellent wife of Nikanor. In the 3rd year, Hathyr 10. 1492 7 a r
- -|e xP ] \ ^'
d)S e\rcov yK . \ 5 | e' Kaiaapo(s)
\ [T]vf8i
[.]
. . . , excellent one. About 23 years old. In the 5th year of Caesar, Tybi. . . . The date is winter, 26-25 B.C.
1493 Urefiftitov
xp^crre
I 5 I (erovs)
| 7raoiiAe X ^P a
£' Kaiaap(os),
e
\ Mexlp
e\rtby reaepaKov\ra
(sic)
Trevre.
.
Ptebbion, excellent one, friend of all, farewell. About 45 years old. In the 7th year of Caesar, Mechir 16. The date is 10th February, 23 B.C.
1494 'HAdpiov OJS
I 0LXLTTTTOV
ercov s^. | (erovs)
I
aojpe Traai\cj>L\e
a
€
dXv(rre) x\ 5 IpTjarr) x ^P '
|
£'', 'ETTLCJ) e'.
1. 4 dX[v] CI], but the v is visible on the photograph. for the name is certainly feminine.
aT
1. 5 xPV (^) C1J, without warrant,
Hilarion daughter of Philippos, untimely dead, friend of all, who caused pain to none, excellent one, farewell. About 6 years old. In the 7th year, Epiph 5.
154
APPENDIX I
1495 erovs iy', \ TV(3L /C/3'. | AcooiBt] xp^l^re ercov Ke'.
a
€
7rao*i<£iAe | 5 | dcope x ^P '
I
In the 13th year, T y b i 22. 0 Dositheos, excellent one, friend of all, un timely dead, farewell. 25 years old. 1496 7
AcoaiBeos Urorjris ©cod Ky'.
0
7
a
€
\ XP ) " ^ dcope x \ip
<*>s ercov \ Xe'.
(erovs) *>',
Dositheos son of Stoetis, excellent one, untimely dead, farewell. About 35 years old. In the 10th year, Thoth 23. 1497 7
XO(LOLK)
<7 T
XP ) \ ^
NiKopLr)\Br)
7rao"t|iAe
a
XA
^ Ip ' 6
(ercov) K
\ (erovs)
Ke',
J]'.
1. 5 (irciv) «•[.] CI J, but there is no room for another figure.
O Nikomedes, excellent one, friend of all, farewell. About 20 years old. In the 25th year, Choiak 8. Probably 5th December, 6 B.C.
1498 r
orr
Mdpiov I xP ) ) I T^oiOLcpiXos I aAti7ros" /cAat;| 5 |o-aTe* cbs ercov \ eLK(o)crei rptco\y\ \ (erovs) Ke' Ka([Lr(apos), IJav]\vL X'. 1. 6 eioa« CI J.
1. 8 Ka[i'a(a/>os)] CI J.
Marion, excellent one, friend of all, who caused pain to none. Weep for her. About 23 years old. In the 25th year of Caesar, Payni 30. The date is 24th June, 5 B.C.
1499 r
<7T€
N[1]KCOV x[p )]\
a
e
X [^P ] I
{^Tcdv)
/*[.]'.
I (erovs)
KS', Mecro[pr)]
K$'.
O Nikon, excellent one, farewell. About 40 (?) years old. In the 26th year, Mesore 29. The date is probably 22nd August, 4 B . C .
1500 a
e
UapLfiddcv dcope \ dreKve ^ p ^ a r r ) | rraolcpiXe X ^P I 5 I erovs SA', Xolax r)K .
e
I { }
ercov id'
Sambathion, untimely dead, childless, excellent woman, friend of all, farewell. About 19 years old. I n the 34th year, Choiak 28. The date is probably 24th December, A.D. 4.
THE J E W I S H INSCRIPTIONS OF E G Y P T
155
1501 K[
]
TraoltpiXe | xprjcrre xaipc
I dcope
tbs e\rtov
elKotnhvo
I 5 I (erovs) 1. 4 The last two letters are not read in CI], but are clear on the photograph.
O K . . . , untimely dead, friend of all, excellent one, farewell. About 22 years old. In the . . . year, . . . 1502 Atoar&s dtopos Tevtj>lXa yvvr)
r crr
s
a
\ xP ) °
I ^
e
7racrii\Xos dXonr(os) X ^P
| avrov
dvedrjKev
| vrrep
1^1
iy
\
avrov.
1. 3 aXoLiros CI], dXonroo on the stone.
O Dosas, untimely dead, excellent one, friend of all, who caused pain to none. About 18 years old. Theophila his wife raised this stone for him. Note that Dosas is married and dead by 18.
1503 a
€
- - I depoy X ^P 1. 2 XPHTHC
stone.
I XPVi^V)'
1. 3 TOJN=CT=N
MS
\ (e)rd>v
stone, ruvnemv
(Trevre).
Edgar.
daughter of . . .theros, farewell, excellent one. About five (?) years old. 1504 r
crTr
a
€
@iXovriv XP ) ) I X ^P Traoitf>iXe | dtope' tbs (ertov) ie'. O Philoution, excellent girl, farewell, friend of all, untimely dead. About 15 years old. 1505 'Iditovfios
I tbs ertov KJ$'.
Jakoubos. About 22 years old. 1506 Tevtj>ia.
tbs elKovtnrjTr\rd
rjrdjv.
Teuphia. About 27 years old. The name may perhaps stand for Theophila in this illiterate inscription.
1507 Add to bibliography: Wilhelm, AlywrriaKa,
Sitzungsberichte
Wien,
224, 1 ,
1946, 5 4 - 5 5 .
Aoova p/r]ry)p
. . . . vea[v] | ol
|5 |
aKpacav
TrvptbpevoL
[/cAaucrJov |
ew\eaerrjv
eTriords'
[/c]Aae Tra\rr)p
Kal
KXavoare \ [d]SeAot.
Asua . . . ( ? ) young, ripe for marriage. Stand over her and weep. Weep for her, father and mother who grieve for her, the nine-year-old. Weep for her, brothers. There are metrical patterns here, not reduced to order. Compare 1522, very close in language.
156
APPENDIX I
1508 Add to bibliography: Peek, GV 1 2 3 8 . rr)v TO irplv
ev p\e\ydXoioiv
vvp,<j>cpygs OTv\yepov r)v\iKa
e/xe* |
OToXiheooi ovv eyKoo\pLois
vvpLoKopLOLS
5
dyaXX\opbevr]v p,eXddpoLori
| aKpLaLrjv, ^eive, 8aKpvaov
rrapdevov
yap Kcop,cov
rrdrayos
rrpos epLai\s
| Trar[p]6[s]
r)\yyei\Xev p,e X(L)TTLV
yap dcopos
AeAoy^a T a < ^ o i r
Tod8e
[pL\eXaOp[o]y
| TedrjXos
cbs po\8ov ev Kryncoi VOTLOLV 8pooepaloi e
[rj8]rj
8[LK]XLO'
ipioy
T
[al]vL8icos /xe Xaficb\v $ X [ ' ] Icbv Al8r)[s]' LKO[CTL,
£ei]\ve,
8' eycb
ejeco\y KVKXOVS
TeXeoaoa]
Weep for me, stranger, a maiden ripe for marriage, who formerly shone in a great house. For, decked in fair bridal garments, I, untimely, have received this hateful tomb as my bridal chamber. F o r when a noise of revellers already at my doors told that I was leaving my father's house, like a rose in a garden nurtured b y fresh rain, suddenly Hades came and snatched me away. And I, stranger, who had accomplished twenty re volving years ( ? ) . . . . With much hesitation, I have followed Peek's latest text, enormously improved from his earlier text to be found in CIJ, which was extremely unsatisfactory, and even an advance on Wilhelm's. I think that he has now arrived at the right general sense, but the unprofessional reader must be warned that Peek's readings are not always reliable, that the language of 1. 5 is nearly impossible, and that 1. 9 does not scan. L . 3 also is not above suspicion. The appearance of Hades is noteworthy, but too abstract to be called much of a concession to paganism.
1509 Add to bibliography: Peek, GV 644. 'Qpauas Tacfios OSTOS, N[t]KgXdov Tpec[s
8eK]d8as
6 dvrjp 5
[—
Kal
\ TrXrJLTao'
- w u - ]
[KJdycb
rj / c a | r a rrdvTa
[r) 6vyd]Trjp eoTiv
Elpr]vr) 6vyaTr)p,
8d\i
ohoirrope'
[dvyjaTrjp,
er\eojv. Kal
(TpcTr)),
[aru];^?,
rjpeis
co8[e TrjdpecrpLev,
r)(x [rrjeTrvpcoKav eiTa
8[e
|
\
eycb.
TrepLTrJTr)
fj ydpcos OVK e86drj-
8r) r) aKXrjpos, dvevtfipavTos
pierd
TOVTOVS
ef38opLfj TOV XoLa% a ) S ' eredrjv VTTO \y\rjv. dAA' drrexeLS, 10
cb £elve, aratf)cos rd arravra Trap*
r)pcov
dyyeXXetv rrdoiv TOV Oavdrov TO ra^ps. (erovs)
i>'',
Xoiax
1. 1 Ae[f0]a Peek, GV, which I cannot translate. texts. 1. 5 Ka[l Tedve]6j[s X]apias Peek.
1. 2 [Kr]jjgiAdo[ii] CI J and earlier
This is the tomb of Horaia, wayfarer. Shed a tear. The daughter of Nikolaos, who was unfortunate in all things in her thirty years. Three of us are here, husband, daughter, and I whom they struck down with grief.
THE
J E W I S H INSCRIPTIONS OF E G Y P T
157
(My husband died) on the 3rd, then on the 5th my daughter Eirene, to whom marriage was not granted. I then with no place or j o y was laid here after them under the earth on the 7th of Choiak. B u t stranger, you have clearly all there is to know from us to tell all men of the swiftness of death. In the 10th year, Choiak 7. 1510
Add to bibliography: Wilhelm, Melanges Gabba, op. cit., no. xiv.
| oooirrope'
Aptnvorjs rdtf>os ovros, rr)v Kara
irdvra
prj{t}rp6s' e%ev^ev
pe
errel Se p * aKp,i}s Oafielri
Tra\rr]p,
| pe
TCKVOV
TTpOJTOTOKOV Kal
j petKpov
pev
Ka\l
10
KXGLVCTOV
ratios
eTTiard\s
alvopopov.
rrep eovaa
dvdos
j
ev\vpcf>OK6peL,
tbSetvt, Se Moipa TTpOS TeXoS T\ye fSloV. eXa-)(pv KVK\XOV,
e{r)co(v)
TrXeLorrj^i) eTrev\6r)ioev
ii. 276; Peek, GV 643;
o\vapopov,
drv)(r}v,
Xel\cf)9r)v yap eyd){C\ peiKpd
dp<j>aviKr)
5
Maspero,
KaXXoovvr]
ev KOXTTOLS Kpvmei
| epov
TO
dXXd xdpcs
pot
7Tpa7rl8a>v. Sepas
ovros
ipv^r) 8' els oalovs eVere. j
dyvorpa\cf>es,
Apoivorjs (erovs)
eTTLKrjSeios Ke',
\
Me^elp
ft'.
1. 7 i(r}u>
1. 10 enere
This is the grave of Arsinoe, wayfarer. Stand b y and weep for her, unfortunate in all things, whose lot was hard and terrible. F o r I was bereaved of my mother when I was a little girl, and when the flower of my youth made me ready for a bridegroom, my father married me to Phabeis, and F a t e brought me to the end of my life in bearing my firstborn child. I had a small span of years, but great grace flowered in the beauty of my spirit. This grave hides in its bosom my chaste body, but my soul has flown to the holy ones. Lament for Arsinoe. In the 25th year, Mechir 2. The date is probably 28th January, 5 B.C.
1511
Add to bibliography: Wilhelm, Wiener Studien lvi, 1938, 58-59; Peek, GV 808. elpel eydi 'Irjoovs,
6 vs Se 0a\pets,
(e^rjKovraerrjs) KXavaare 8r) dpa
7rdvr(e)s
els pvxdv alcbvojv 5
Kal
crv
8e, Aojoldee,
Sa/c/Hcri TTLKpordroLS reKVOv
ip,ol
Trapohelra'
|
r)Xdov 8' els Aelh av.
el a[v],
ev
\ rov etjaTrlvrjs p^era^dvra
oKorla |
| /cara/cAae pe' rvpfito | eycb
yap
1. 2 (QrjKovra. ercov) Peek. 1. 3 navras iaa-t] Peek. dreKos on stone.
aoi yap
| epucp
dvdvKrj,
on stone.
|
rrpoxeew,
aTrrjXdov dreK(v)os'
KXavaare rrdvres 6pov 'Irjadv |
j
hidyeiv.
\
Svapevea. 1. 7 et p-[t>] Tod, inewv
Cronert
APPENDIX I
158
I am Jesous, my father was Phameis, passer-by. I went down to Hades when I was sixty years old. Weep all together for the one who has suddenly gone to the shelter of the ages to dwell in darkness. And you, Dositheos, weep for m e ; for it is your duty to pour libations of bitterest tears on my tomb. Y o u are my child, for I have gone away childless. All weep together for Jesous, the strengthless. 1512 IJavvv r)vaTr)
TJTCOV oeKarjxs,
etcrtSe fiov orrjXrjv, Trapohtra, oais x P €
dpn 5
yap
a
i
ovoe
yove{o}\es
Kal
v
ydp,ov
os
(el)Tre'
/a/xat ev (T)U(JU,)J8OH,
iKeXcos EVT vlov dpecrrov, |
op/qXiKa Kal I
ov
| Trdarjs
(Trevraerr]v).
| pber(ox)os
Trdoxovo*
8' ep,6v KTRAT x°P
K(X)avoas
dcope,
dfirjdavr).
KXav\oov ddXfjcras,
Koi/jau TrevraKL
OT RE (piXoi t^rovoiv acop,a
etKa8t
\
e
^
ovv\eraipov' evoefiea.
7ravcbhv{bv}pe
{rjs} dperrjs iravrore
Kal
TRAVAPTOTELA},
KvSaXcpLcp.
1. I 1. irciv, Se/cae£, evdrr), diredave. 1. 2 1. adprjoas. 1. 4 METOE, QYBQI on Stone. 1. 5 ndaxovai «ais Cronert. 1. 7 1. x<»pov. 1. 8 KAYCACfE on stone.
In the sixteenth year, Payni 29, he died. Look on my stele, passer-by; weep as you gaze; beat five times with your hands for the five-year-old. For early and without marriage I lie in the tomb. My parents suffer like wise (?) for the son that pleased them. My friends miss their companion and playfellow. B u t my body lies in the place of the pious. Weeping s a y : untimely gone, much lamented, best of all, who wert always renowned (?) for all kinds of virtue. The sentiments are irreproachable; the execution of verse and cutting as bad as it could be. No kind of Greek can be extracted from the last line, and all efforts to find the name of the child in the poem have failed.
1513 aoreoi
Kal
£eVot, / C A T A K A A U | O A T E rravres
'Pax^jXtv,
ocb\cf>pova, TracrLcpLXrjv, cbs (rpLaKovTaerijv).
|
prj p , e pbdrrjv rrevdire | Kevds ET 5
8' O(AT)YOV ^rjoa \ xP^
vov
aA|Aa EAE'OU? EAM'Sa dyadr)v Kal
1. 2 (rptdKovra
AyadoKXrjs cbs (ercov)
irdip) CI] and earlier editions.
Ke(K)pLp,evov, eycb
Trpoohexo\p,ai.
Xrj'. 1. 4 OrON.
KEPIMENON.
Citizens and strangers, all weep for Rachelis, chaste, friend of all, about thirty years old. Do not weep vainly empty (tears ?) for me. I f I did live but a short allotted span, nevertheless I await a good hope of mercy. And Agathokles, about 38 years old. No fixed metrical pattern can be discerned, and there appears to be a lacuna in 1. 3, which is in apparent contradiction to 1. 1 .
THE JEWISH
INSCRIPTIONS
OF E G Y P T
159
1514 j lepiaa
Mdpiv cb\s
ercov
7
7Ttx\oLtf>iAe K\ 5 | c u dXvne
71
XPl )* "*! I (erovs)
v'.
y'
Kauaap(os),
a
K\OL <j>i\oyir\cov
TI\ 1 0 \avvc
yi
e
x ^P '
.
O Marion, of priestly descent, excellent one, friend of all, who caused pain to none, a friend to your neighbours, farewell. About 50 years old. In the 3rd year of Caesar, Payni 13. For Upiaa, see note in CI], and cf. CI] 3 1 5 (Rome). The date is 7th June, 27 B . C .
1515 Add to bibliography: Zingerle, Arch, fiir Religionswiss., Robert, Hellenica, i. 23 n. 6. I cos ercov
Acoodpiv
elKo\oi7revre
Xo\xovs'
(erovs)
xxvii, 1929, 278 n. 1. S*', | 5 | Advp
8'.
Dosarion, about 25 years old, in childbirth. In the 6th year, Athyr 9. Robert has shown that Ao^oCs is to be taken as nominative. The main text m a y be a crude pentameter.
1516 I piKpd
UafSpdOw
tf>i\\dhe\
\ cos (ercov)
is"' \ 5 | (erovs)
AS', 7 7 a [ -
-]
Little Sabbathion, who loved your brothers. About 16 years old. In the 34th year, Pa. . . . The date is presumably A.D. 5.
1517 I tbs ercov
©rjros
| {(ercov)}
y'.
Thetos about 3 years old. 1518 NeddvLV
I
rratJitffiXe.
Nethanion, friend of all. The name is feminine.
1519 UtvnTTicov (erovs)
dcope Ke',
r (JT
| xP ] ^
TIaxdiv
d\v\ire
7TaoLtf>i\e
a
€
| X ^P
^
^1 ^ \TLOV A.'
\ td''.
Pappion, untimely dead, excellent one, who caused pain to none, friend of all, farewell. About 30 (?) years old. In the 25th year, Pachon 19. The date is probably 14th May, 5 B.C.
1520 Taovnv
I cos ercov
\ Ke'.
| (erovs)
KZ,'', 'ETTLTT | 5 |
Ke'.
Taoution about 25 years old. In the 27th year, Epiph 25. The date is probably 19th July, 3 B . C .
1521 0LXOVS
7ratTL\(f>LAos XPVI^V
a
€
X ^P '
T
* d>v
{(ercov)}
p'.
Philous, friend of all, excellent woman, farewell. About 40 years old.
|
i6o
APPENDIX I
1522 IltnTTrltovafy peiKpdv KACLVCFOV eTTiards.
AcAae pe
\
|
pr\rr\p,
r) 7r[e\irv]ptopevri 5
elK^oate^TTraerrjv.
/cAav|[crare] irdvres. For Pappion the little one, stand b y and weep. Weep for me, mother, who grieve for me, dead at 27 years old. Weep for me, all men. The unusual metre is worth noting. Compare 1507, very close in language.
1523 7 0
AeAtj>vvie I 7Taoitf>iAe | XP } ™ OtoB A'.
1
| ^cupe* | 5 | tbs (ercov) ps '. \ (erovs) 8 ' ,
Delphynios, friend of all, excellent one, farewell. About 46 years old. I n the 4th year, Thoth 30. 1524 Atooditov I Eafifiaraiov ertov rpitov.
| (erovs)
\ 6pcf>ave pet\Kpe
rpavpa\
5 \ria ^atpe'
| tbs
K6'', Tldxtov is'''.
Dosthion, son of Sabbataios, orphan, little one, wounded one, farewell. About 3 years old. I n the 29th year, Pachon 16. The date is probably n t h May, 1 B . C .
1525
I
IJvpeltov dtope Meovpr) I ia'.
| x/o^ore | x ^P ' I 5 a
{pos}
€
| (bs (ertov) us"'. \ (erovs)
e',
Pyreion, untimely dead, excellent one, farewell. About 16 years old. In the 5th year, Mesore n . 1526 UaftpdrLov (erovs)
a
e
\ xprjorrj X ^P
I dtope | iratncfitAr)- | 5 | cu? ertov KJ3'. |
8 ' , ©tod 17) j ereAevrrjaev
. . . .v.
Sabbation, excellent woman, farewell, untimely dead, friend of all. About 22 years old. She died in the 4th year, Thoth 18. 1527 Naphltov Terevnov
r (jr
xP ] ^ r GTV
XP l ) r (TT
UafiftaraL xP j ^
a
€
x\ ty
(ertov)
a
€
I X ^P ' a
€
X ^P '
^ I^
8'.
(ertov) r
{^ d>v)
a',
(erovs)
icy', IJaotvc
(erovs)
Ky', *E7rr)7T A'. | 5 |
(erovs) j8', XvaK
vy'.
\
te'.
Nardion, excellent one, farewell. About 4 years old. I n the 23rd year, Payni 13. Teteution, excellent girl, farewell. About 2 years old. I n the 23rd year, Epiph 30. Sabbatai, excellent one, farewell. About 1 year old. I n the 2nd year, Choiak 15.
THE J E W I S H INSCRIPTIONS OF E G Y P T
161
For reasons explained adequately in CI J, these deaths seem to fall in A.D. 3 7 . This is an extraordinary collection of names. Nardion is Greek, Teteution, though never adequately explained, is probably Egyptian, but in Sabbatai, unless we suppose a cutter's error, we have the Hebrew name in a pure transliteration, otherwise not paralleled in Greco-Egyptian documents.
1528 Uaovricova
p,iK\pdv
I 5 I Kf\ . (erovs)
dcopov Tra\oiiXov /cAaucrarje* cbs ircdv
{(irtov)}
6', <PacoL id''.
Weep for Paution, the little one, untimely dead, friend of all. About 28 years old. In the 9th year, Phaophi 19. The name is male and Egyptian; cf. 1489.
1529 Zaf$f$araL\ov rcov CX\TT6 Tef$epK\vdecos
dXv\ 5 [770? (sic)* cb[s] er|a)v p/. \
(erovs) K ' , 'Eireltp ie'. (Grave of) Sabbataios, from Teberkythis, who caused pain to none. About 40 years old. I n the 20th year, Epiph 15. The location of Teberkythis is unknown.
1530 Add to bibliography: Peek, GV 1 8 6 1 . ErdXa
pbavvreupa. — res iv | Kvavavye'C
Keioai;
Kal
ApoLVoa, Kovpa
rvpL/Scoi |
rrdrpav Kal yeve\rrp> evene. | — 8' ^LXLVTJS \ Kal
©rjSoaloLO'
|
(f>ap,io~dd 8' 'Ovcov yd rpo\cf>6s dpcerepa. — | 5
Trooaaerrjs 8' coXiadas V\TT6 GKoroev KXup,a Addas; yoepov %copov | efirjv veKveov. | —
LKOoerrjs ,
t evyio6 qs >
reKvov; IT) 10
\ —
8e ydpuovs ; — (C,)ev\xdr)v. — KareXivrraves
av\rcp
— dreKvos e\^av els M.t8ao 86p,ovs. \ —
aol Kov(j>a Kal arol, (erovs)
xdcbv d di\p,evoLo
£eive, epoi Kapirdv 1$', Ilavvi
1. 7 yd/ios edd. unnecessarily.
<j>vXaKrcop. | — \ dird ora^vcov.
\
Ka'. 1. 9 1. etr)
The speaking stele. 'Who are you who lie in the dark tomb? Tell me your country and birth.' 'Arsinoe, daughter of Aline and Theodosios. The famous land of Onias reared me.' 'How old were you when you slipped down the dark slope of L e t h e ? ' 'At twenty I went to the sad place of the dead.' 'Were you married?' T was.' M
l62
APPENDIX I 'Did you leave him a child?' 'Childless I went to the house of Hades.' 'May earth, the guardian of the dead, be light on you.' 'And for you, stranger, may she bear fruitful crops.' In the 16th year, Payni 21. This most accomplished of all the epitaphs from Tel el-Yehoudieh (the dead woman came from there and presumably the stele does) is, as Momigliano (Aegyptus, xii, 1932, 1 7 1 - 2 ) has said, completely pagan in outlook. Y e t it might not be unreasonable to suppose that, the greater the accomplishment, the less likely the epitaph is to reflect the views of the deceased and her family. Granted that they wished to commemorate the dead with an elegant Greek poem, it is still not clear that they would fully accept the presuppositions of the poet they hired.
1530 A . Summary bibliography: S B 5 7 6 5 ; Robert, Hellenica, i, 1 9 4 0 , 1 8 - 2 4 ; Peek, GV 8 5 0 ; Robert, Hellenica, xi-xii, 3 8 4 - 5 with pi. X I I . 1 . TpiCOV €T€COV KVKXOV
TT€VTTjKo(yTOL) OVTOS co x#6i>v
6 iravhapdrcop
appoavijs,
OVK dyepaaros
ecf)V yap
navSrjpcp edvLKj] hlOGCOV ydp TTJV
10
dvd
earec^er*
TTTOXIV, ev
eneoix
oaa
/cat T€KVCOV
dyadcdv
av^ope(v)
dXXd av, co Trapoheira, « yatav
re
KaT€vcf)r]pcov
rot,
dXXd KOL dpxfj
aocf)la'
T€ TOTTCOV 7ToXiTapXOJV
Se aoi,
ov
dpcf>iKaXvTTTis
paKapLOTordrov'
BipLeprj Sairdvrjv e.£avvaas
irdvTa
OVVaaVTO,
els
Sepas
olov
AfSpdpov iftvxrjs TOV 5
TJO*
r^pnaaev
CLVTOS
irelpCO,
xa/ncnv. 7
^vx ], TrpXv r)
Ihtov dyadov r o t a tf>pdaas
eKevdes,
yeverj. rdcf>ov
dvopos
diriOi'
exocs iXacf>pdv els TOV dvavra
xpdvov.»
When he had already achieved the span of 53 years, he who tames all himself snatched him off to Hades. O sandy earth, what a body you hide of the soul of the most blessed Abramos. F o r he was not without honour in the city, but wore the wreath of magistracy for the whole people for his wisdom. F o r you were honoured with the headship of two places, graciously performing the double duty. And everything which was fitting to your spirit, before you hid yourself, we, your family of good children, are increasing. B u t you, stranger, seeing the grave of a good man, say these fair words to it and depart: May the earth be light on you for ever. Robert has shown that this is a Jewish inscription, probably from Leontopolis, and makes a good case for supposing that Abramos had been at the head of two local Jewish communities. The date is presumably first century A.D.
1530
B , C, D. J . Leibovitch, Annales du Service, xli, 1 9 4 2 , 4 1 sqq., publishes three steles from the Cairo Museum, stated to have come from Tel el-Yehoudieh.
T H E J E W I S H INSCRIPTIONS OF E G Y P T
163
1530 B . Leibovitch, no. I, pp. 4 1 - 4 2 , with pi. I I I . i. (erovs) Ky' &app,ov\6i A', ereAevrrj\aev KAevnas yv\vr) Hereuros Ae\ 5 \xpvoa iAr)rr) K\Aavaare fie rrdv[res' eycb ydp \ (ercov) Ke' ireAe\vrrjaa. y
m
In the 23rd year, Pharmouthi 30, there died Kleupas, wife of Petos, in childbirth, the loved one. Weep for me, all men, for I died at 25 years old. 1530 C. Leibovitch, no. I I , p. 43, with pi. I I I . ii. r
Mapeiv XP } \ ) Kaiaap(os), | Tvfii
lUKpd
\ rraoicfyiAa \ cbs ercov | 5 | Ae' | (erovs)
e
ft'.
Marion, excellent woman, little one, friend of all. About 35 years old. In the 5th year of Caesar, Tybi 2. The date is 30th December, 26 B.C.
1530 D. Leibovitch, no. I l l , pp. 40-45, with pi. IV. KAavaere pie rrdvres, I?
Mdpavis
ereAev\rr)o(ay
| ep,r) pirjrrjp Kal p,dp,pir) | xprjtrrr) I
5
Advp a', (erovs)
1. 5 drelxvos] Lewis.
I dre[KVos]
eycb yap . .pi.
. . . Kal
| . . dip,..
aKis
it,'. \ KAavaere pie rrdvres.
1. 7 (erovs) Lewis, (ercov) Leibovitch.
Weep for me, all men, my mother and excellent grandmother . . . Maranis. F o r I died childless. . . . Hathyr 1 , Y e a r 17. Despite the excellent photograph, I have judged it unwise to modify the editor's readings
FAYUM 1531 Add to bibliography: Robert, Revue de Philologie, xxxii, 1958, 44 n. 2.
5
'EAed^apos NiKoAdov rjyepicbv vrrep eavrov Kal Elprjvrjs rrjs yvvai KOS rd cbpoAoyiov Kal T O cj>peap.
Eleazaros son of Nikolaos, the officer, on behalf of himself and Eirene his wife, (set up) the sundial and the well. Despite the note in CI J, there is no evidence whatsoever that r)yefid>v was ever used of an official of a Jewish synagogue or community, and it seems better to take it here as a military officer (cf. No. 2 7 , 1 . 7, and Launey, Recherches sur les arme'es hellenistiques, i, 1949, 545). Elea zaros should be noted in relation to Vol. I , pp. n - 1 5 . The inscription is presumably Ptolemaic. There is, of course, no reason to assume that the sundial and well were necessarily presented for Jewish purposes.
1532 ©ecoi pieydAcp pieydAcp vifjiarcp
164
APPENDIX I V7T€p
*E7TlTVXLaS
rrjs K a l 5
Aiovvaias
\_K~\al virep rov
avhpos
[A]piroxpaTos
Kal
TCOV TCKVCOV Kar*
evyip>.
(erovs) 10
ft'
Kaiaapov, -
@acbtf>L s '.
1. 9. 1. Kaloapos.
To the great God, the great and highest, on behalf of Epitychia also called Dionysia and on behalf of her husband Harpochras and their children, in fulfilment of a vow. In the 2nd year of Caesar, Phaophi 6. The date is 3rd October, 29 B.C. This inscription is not Jewish; see the references collected in Vol. I , p. 95 n. 4.
ARSINOE-CROCODILOPOLIS 1532
A . Vogliano, Rivista di Filologia lxvii, 1 9 3 9 , 247 sqq. (SB 8939). virep
fiaoiXecos
IlroXepLaiov
rov
TlroXepiaLpy Kal ^aaiXlaorjs 5
BepevLKijs rrjs yyvaiKos
Kal
d$e\(f>rjs Kal rcov reKvcov ol ev KpoK[o] olXcov iroXei 'JoufSat] 10
ot rrjv 7rpo[o]e[vx?)v]
In honour of King Ptolemy, son of Ptolemy, and of Queen Berenike, his wife and sister and their children, the Jews in Krokodilopolis (dedi cated) the proseuche . . . . The date is during the reign of Ptolemy I I I Euergetes (246-221 B . C . ) and the t e x t joins 1440 as the earliest-known synagogue inscriptions. F o r the synagogue a t Arsinoe see no. 134 and commentary.
MINIEH 1533
pr Judan. Surrounded by candelabra, shofarot, a lulav, and an etrog.
THE
J E W I S H I N S C R I P T I O N S OF E G Y P T
165
ANTINOOPOLIS 1534 ma
ntsfr
• m x a
ipds
Below, a lulav and a seven-branch candelabrum.
. . . of Lazarus. May his soul rest in the bond of life! See Vol. I, p. 108 with n. 50, though it should be noted that the second century A.D. is only the terminus post quern for this inscription.
1535 Mapia
6v\ydrrip
&\apocodls
\ ercov Ae'. | 5 | ev elprjvr) | r)
Kolprj\ats
GOV.
Maria daughter of Phamsothis. 35 years old. May your rest be in peace ! The Jewish nature of this inscription cannot be said to be certain.
MIDDLE
EGYPT
1536 Unknown provenience. On a mummy-label between two candelabra.
Sitorah, the pious. Peace on her resting-place! May her soul have eternal life! See Vol. I , p. 108 with n. 50.
UPPER
EGYPT
1 5 3 7 - 8 Found at the temple of Pan at Resediyeh. 1537 ©eov evAoyca. ©evoSoros Aojplojvos 'IovSaios Gojdels e/c 7re A(dy)ovs. Praise to God. Theodotos son of Dorion the J e w , saved from the sea. 1538 evAoyei TOV deov. TlToAepalos
166
APPENDIX I Aiovvaiov 'Iovoatos. Praise God. Ptolemaios son of Dionysios, the J e w .
EDFU 1538 A. Fouilles Franco-Polonaises, iii, Tel-Edfou, 1 9 3 9 , p. 3 6 3 , fragm. 1 with pi. L I I ; Fraser, JEA xl, 1 9 5 4 , 1 2 5 . Apparently unbroken at top and on the left.
LVL€ 7Te[
?.]ev r) X
The editor restored rrpoojevxr) here (cf. Vol. I I , p. 109 n. 1 ) , almost certainly wrongly. He dated the stone perhaps in the fourth century B . C . , which is quite impossible. Fraser puts it 'far later'.
1539 Unknown provenience in Egypt. Add to bibliography: Breccia, greche e latine, p. 1 6 9 no. 3 2 8 . elpl Max<*>(*)v I rov 27ajSj3aJTatot», fxevr] I fjb'qTTjp (CTOVS)
aKTo\p,€VOS
A £ ' Kaloapos,
p,oye\pcos'
T e | A e u T t t ) €TCOV
TOLVVV to Trdpo\
|5 |
TT€VT€.
Inscrizioni &i\\ov-
1 0 |Sot 8aKpvoaT€. \
0apb(evcb6) vt) . 1. 7 1. dx^ofievos
I am Machaon son of Sabbataios, dead at five years. My mother Philomene is bitterly grieving. Therefore, passers-by, weep. Y e a r 37 of Caesar, Phamenoth 18. The date is 14th March, A.D. 8.
1539 A. Terra-cotta column in the Egyptological Collection of the Hungarian Museum of Fine Arts. A. Scheiber, JQR, N . S . xlviii, 1 9 5 7 - 8 , 6 - 1 2 . First side. Second side. Third side. Fourth side.
els Oeos. God is one. A T E O O = (perhaps) dyios. A lulav. 6 §o7]6cov. The Helper.
Holy.
Scheiber makes a case for supposing this a mezuzah. B . M. Leiser, ibid. 1, i960, 365-70, challenges Scheiber's conclusions. Its date is not earlier than the early Roman period. Its Egyptian origin cannot be said to be demonstrable, but there is nothing against it. D. M. L .
A P P E N D I X II
PROSOPOGRAPHY OF THE JEWS IN EGYPT* A..., 5 0 1 . 3 . In a papyrus of fourth cen tury A.D. ; s. of Judas; appears in a list of persons paying some tax.
AflirJTos, 1 1 8 . 2 . In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of the second century B.C. ; probably a peasant.
AfSdo-Kiov, 1 8 5 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 8 8 ; s. of Aischylos; paid the Jewish tax and the aparchai.
AiSirjjgs, 1 1 8 . 5 . In an ostrakon from Up per Egypt of the second century B . C ; f. of Jesous.
AfSftifSa (?), Inscr. 1 4 4 6 . In an inscrip AfSvijTos, 2 2 7 . 1 . In an ostrakon from tion from Alexandria; f. of Ioulianos Edfu of A.D. 1 1 6 ; f. of Maria. Eisak. ApSalos, 3 2 . 4 , In a papyrus from Gurob, AfSirjTos, 4 8 . 4 . In an ostrakon from Thebes of 1 7 1 / 1 7 0 B . C ; s. of . . .mous; probably of mid-second century B . C . ; a tax-farmer, acting in partnership f. of Lysimachos. with other people. Afi&atos, 80. 4 . In an ostrakon from AfSir)jos, 8 7 . 3 ; 1 1 7 . 1 . In an ostrakon Thebes of 1 5 7 B.C. ; f. of Pollous. from Thebes of 1 5 4 B . C ; f. of Sam Af38r]Aos, 1 4 0 . 7 , 2 3 . In an ostrakon from bathaios. Edfu of 4 9 B.C. AfS&las, 7 5 . 3 . In an ostrakon from Thebes AfSirjros, 1 0 1 . 2 , 6 . In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of 1 5 4 / 3 B . C ; f. of Simon. of 1 6 0 / 1 5 9 B . C . ; f. of Josepos. Aj38iovs, 1 0 9 . 2 , 6 . In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of the Ptolemaic period ; a tax-farmer acting in partnership with Theodoros and Skymnos. Af38iovs, 6 5 . 6 (see Vol. i, p. 2 0 0 s.v.). In an ostrakon from Thebes of 1 5 1 B . C ; s. of Karouris; probably a banker. AfSStovs, 7 3 . 5 . In an ostrakon Thebes of 1 6 2 B . C ; f. of Simon.
from
AfSSovs, 4o8«. 5 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of first or second century A.D. AfSirjXos, 6 6 . 5 . In an ostrakon from Thebes of 1 5 5 or 1 4 4 B . C ; a tax-farmer of shoe-makers' tax, acting in partner ship with Paion.
AfSpd'Cfiog, 2 8 4 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 9 0 or 7 7 ; f. of Dalleas. AfSpdfx[ios, 4 2 8 . Col. I I , 2 . In a papyrus from Fayum of A . D . 1 0 1 / 2 ; a sitologos. AfSpd/xios, 5 1 2 . 2 . In a papyrus from Fayum of sixth or seventh century A.D. ; s. of Theodotos; made a contract with a villager with regard to the quality of purchased wine. Af3pdfxis, 3 7 4 . i. In an ostrakon from Edfu of first or second century A.D. ; s. of Thegenes; paid the poll-tax.
A[3if}aTos, 7 4 . 4 . In an ostrakon from Thebes of 1 6 0 B.C. ; f. of Indos.
AfSpafxos, 5 0 . 3 . In an ostrakon from Thebes of 1 6 5 B . C ; a tax-farmer of pasture-tax, acting in partnership with Diokles.
AfSirJTris, 1 0 5 . 5 . In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of 1 5 5 or 1 4 4 B.C. ; a taxfarmer.
'AfSpa/xos, 4 1 2 . 6 . In a papyrus from Her moupolis Magna of A . D . 8 / 9 ; owned sheep.
* In this Appendix are included all persons mentioned in papyri, ostraka, and inscriptions published in the C.P.Jud. who are taken by the editors to be Jews.
i68
APPENDIX
AfSpapios, Inscr. 1530A. On his grave stone from Leontopolis of first century A.D. ; served as magistrate of two local Jewish communities. A^papos, 3 6 5 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. i n ; s. of Jakoubos; paid the poll-tax. Afipapios, 4 7 1 . Col. I I . In a papyrus from Sebennytos of third century A.D. ; f. of Paabos. AyadoKXrjs, Inscr. 1 5 1 3 . On a gravestone from Leontopolis. AyaOoKXrjs, Inscr. 1 4 5 7 . On his gravestone from Leontopolis of A.D. I O - I I (?); s. of Onesimos. AyaOoKXrjs, 2 4 . 1 1 , 1 6 , 20, 29. In a papyrus from Trikomia of 1 7 4 B . C . ; s. of Ptole maios; a taktomisthos of an infantry unit, stationed in the Herakleopolite district. Ayy&is, 2 8 . 1 9 . In a papyrus from Samareia of 1 5 5 or 1 4 4 B . C . ; s. of Demetrios; a soldier; owned cattle. AyplTnras, 156a:. Col. I I , 4 ; b. Col. I, 1 8 ; c. Col. I I , 2 1 , 28. Probably Agrippa I, king of Judaea from A.D. 4 1 to 4 4 ; a law suit brought against him by Isidoros, an Alexandrian gymnasiarch; he is depicted by the accuser as friend of the Emperor Claudius and defender of the Egyptian Jews.
II
85, 88, 98, and 1 0 1 ; s. of Josephos; a tax-collector. AKaKtas, 2 0 9 . 2 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 107 ; s. of Herakleides; paid the Jewish tax. 1 7 1 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 7 5 ; f. of Marous.
AKITJTOS,
2 9 2 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 9 3 ; s. of .Pates; paid the dyke-tax and the bath-tax.
AKVTJTOS,
AKOV(
), 2 2 6 . 1 . In an ostrakon from
Edfu of A.D.
115-16;
f. of Theuphilas.
from Edfu of A.D. 7 2 ; s. of Akyntas; paid the poll-tax.
AKVVTOS,
2 4 5 . 1 . In an ostrakon
2 4 5 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 7 2 ; f. of Akyntas.
AKWT&S,
.MA..., Inscr. 1 4 3 5 . In an inscription from Alexandria (?); f. of SamuelBorzochorias. AXegavSpos, 1 3 . 1 . In a papyrus from Philadelpheia probably of the reign of Philadelphos; possibly a J e w ; leased and cultivated together with Ismaelos little tracts of land; complained in a memorandum to Zenon of not being provided with the loan stipulated in the contract.
Atyva?, 2 2 2 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. i n ; s. of Sambathion; paid the Jewish tax.
AXegavSpos, 1 4 . 2, 1 5 ; 1 5 . 26, 4 1 . In a papyrus from Philadelpheia of 241 B . C . ; possibly a J e w ; a vine-dresser; farmed together with Samoelis a 60-arourai vineyard belonging to Zenon and Sostratos; delivered to the head of the police of Philadelpheia a declaration concerning theft of reed canes from the vineyard; 1 4 . 2 , 1 5 . In a papyrus of 240 B . C . ; letter from Zenon to Sostratos dealing with same men and their troubles; 1 5 . 26, 4 1 .
Alveas, 2 4 . 2 3 . In a papyrus from Tri komia of 1 7 4 B . C . ; f. of Deinias.
AXegavSpos, Inscr. 1 4 9 0 . 9. On a grave stone from Leontopolis of 1 1 7 B.C.
Alao( ), 1 9 1 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 9 5 ; s. of A r i . . . ; paid the Jewish tax.
AX€^av[8pos, 408a. 4. In an ostrakon from Edfu of first or second century A.D.
A^amiX (cf. 'Hpas), 4 6 4 . 24. In a papyrus from Fayum of the second century A.D. ; a tenant-farmer. A. .dis, Inscr. 1 4 8 1 . On her gravestone from Leontopolis; d. or w. of Sabbataios.
AlayyXos, 1 8 3 . 1 ; 1 8 5 . 1 ; 2 4 0 . 1 ; 3 0 2 . 1 ; 309. 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of A . D .
AXegavSpos, 1 8 . 4, 7, 20, 2 3 , v. In a papy rus from Phebichis of 260 B . C . ; s. of Andronikos; a soldier; signed with
PROSOPOGRAPHY
OF T H E
J E W S IN E G Y P T
169
Andronikos, a Jew (?) of the Epigone, a deed of renunciation.
early sixth century A.D. ; appears in an account.
1 3 6 . 3 . In a papyrus from the Herakleopolite district of 5 1 B . C . ; s. of Isakis; failed to appear before a tribunal when summoned.
Avivios, 2 1 2 . 1 ; 2 2 9 . 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 107 and 1 1 6 ; a centurion; his slaves, Sporos and Thermauthos, paid the Jewish tax.
A\££avhpos,
AXi^avhpos,
1 4 2 . 2 , 4 ; 1 4 3 . 4, 5 , 7, 8, 1 3 ,
16, 1 9 . In papyri from Alexandria of 1 4 and 1 3 B . C ; s. of Nikodemos; Mace donian ; owned land in the Alexandrian chora. 4 7 . 2 . In a papyrus from the Arsinoite district of second century B . C ; f. of Theodotos.
AXeijavSpos,
AXetjtwv, 1 8 7 . 1 ; 1 8 9 . 2 ; 1 9 2 . 1 ; 1 9 3 . 1 ; 2 3 0 . 1 ; 2 3 2 . 1 ; 2 4 4 . 1 ; 2 5 8 . 1 ; 280. 1 ; 285. 1 ; 286. 1 ; 2 9 6 . 1 ; 308. 1 ; 3 1 6 . 1 ;
3 3 6 . 1 . In ostraka of A.D. 56, 6 1 , 7 2 , 7 5 , 8 2 , 8 9 - 9 0 , 9 2 - 9 5 , 97, 1 0 1 , 1 0 3 , and 1 0 6 ;
s. of Psilychion; paid the dyke-tax. AXivr), Inscr. 1 5 3 0 . 3 . In an inscription from Leontopolis; w. of Thedosios. Inscr. 1 4 3 2 . In an inscription from Alexandria of 3 7 B . C . ; built a synagogue.
AXVTTOS,
Anfiwvios, 2 9 . 8. In a papyrus from Fayum of mid-second century B . C . ; f. of Theodosios. 2 9 1 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 9 3 ; f. of Eirion.
A/JLCDV,
2 4 . 1 9 . In a papyrus from Trikomia of 1 7 4 B . C . ; s. of Jonathas; of the Epigone; a keeper of a contract dealing with a renewal of a loan in which the parties are Jews.
Avavlas,
i. 6, 1 7 . In a Palestine papyrus of Zenon of 259 B.C. ; f. of . . .os.
Avavias,
3 5 . 1 3 . In a papyrus from Fayum of 2 5 9 / 8 B . C . ; f. of Ptolemaios.
A[v]av[Las,
AvSpoviKos, 1 8 . 4, 2 1 . In a papyrus from Phebichis of 260 B . C . ; f. of Alexander. AvSpoviKos,
1 8 . 4, 6, 7, 20, 2 3 , 2 4 , v. In a
[[-MwcuosI], 3 . 9. In a Palestine papyrus of Zenon of 259 B.C. Awatos, 4 5 2 a . 7. In a papyrus from Up per Egypt (?) of second century A.D. ; f. of Pesouris. 2 6 8 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 7 8 ; f. of Markos.
AWLS,
1 6 9 . 2 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 7 4 ; paid the Jewish tax and the aparchai.
AVTCLS,
AvTiyovr/s, 8. 5 . In a papyrus from Phila delpheia of 256 B.C. AvTLTrarpos, 1 2 5 . 2 - 3 . In a papyrus from Fayum of mid-third century; B.C. owner of a house or a weaver's workshop. AvTLTrarpos, 2 0 i . i - 2 ; 2 0 7 . i - 2 . In ostraka
from Edfu of A.D. 1 0 4 and 1 0 6 ; his slave, Kopreus, paid the Jewish tax. AvTi7Tarp[os, 407. 3. In an ostrakon from Edfu of the first or second century A.D. AvTiTraTpos, 2 9 . 1 0 . In a papyrus from Fayum of mid-second century B . C . ; s. of Dositheos; probably a military settler. AvTLTrarpos, 2 8 . 20. In a papyrus from Samareia of 1 5 5 or 1 4 4 B . C ; f. of Joannes. AvTwvios 'Pov(f>os, 1 6 2 . 1 ; 1 6 4 . 1 ; 1 7 0 . 1 , 3; 173. 2 ; 174. 1 ; 176. 1 - 2 ; 178. 2 ; 239. 1 ; 240. 6; 2 4 3 . 1 - 2 ; 2 4 6 . 1 ; 249. 3; 252. 1 ; 253. 1 - 2 ; 257. 1 ; 259. 1 ; 2 6 3 . 1 , 4 ; 2 6 4 . 1 - 2 ; 2 6 6 . 1 - 2 , 4 - 5 ; 269. 2 ; 270. 2 ; 2 7 1 . 1 - 2 ; 274. 2 ; 2 7 5 . 2 ;
2 7 6 . 2 . In ostraka from Edfu of A . D . f. of Nikon, Theodotos-Niger, and Ptollis.
69-79;
AndvLos
BeXapos,
20 6. 1 . In an ostrakon
papyrus from Phebichis of 260 B . C . ; from Edfu of A.D. 1 0 6 ; his slave, possibly a J e w ; of the Epigone; signed Dekas, paid the Jewish tax. with Alexander a deed of renunciation. AneXXds, 1 8 8 . 2 . In an ostrakon from Aviva, 5 0 4 . 1 . In a papyrus of fifth or Edfu of first century A.D. ; f. of Nikon.
APPENDIX
170
II
Airtwv, 4 5 5 . 5 . In a papyrus from Thea ApiarofiovXos, Inscr. 1 4 5 6 . On his grave stone from Leontopolis; s. of D o . . . . delpheia of A.D. 1 3 7 ; f. of Timokrates. ApivTofSovXos, 9 3 . 2 . In an ostrakon from ATTO[X..., 2 6 . 1 3 . In a papyrus from Upper Egypt of 1 2 1 B . C ; s. of Saminos; Fayum of 1 7 2 / 1 7 1 B . C . ; f. of Sara. a peasant. ArroXds, 3 0 6 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Ed fu of A.D. IOO-I ; s. of Bokchoris; paid the dyke-tax. Apollo(doros?) (Hebr.), Inscr. 1 4 2 5 . In an inscription from Alexandria of the early Ptolemaic period. AiroXXoivia, 1 4 4 . 3 , 8, 1 3 - 1 4 , 2 3 , 3 2 . In a
papyrus from Alexandria of 1 3 B . C . ; d. of Sambathion; her deed of divorce written according to Hellenistic formulas. ATTOXX[COVLOS,
ATTOXXCOVLOS,
1 2 6 . 1 4 . See 'Ia>vadas. 70.
4;
71.
3;
72.
4;
III.
4
(see Vol. i, p. 200 s.v.). In ostraka from Edfu of 1 1 9 , 1 0 4 , end of second century, and 89/88 or 8 6 / 8 5 - - > - ° f Dositheos; a tax-farmer of apomoira. B
c
s
ArroXXuivios, 2 3 . 9, 1 8 , 1 9 , 2 1 , 26, 28, 3 3 . In a papyrus from Krokodilopolis of 1 8 2 B . C . ; s. of Protogenes; of the Epigone; gave Sostratos a large loan for one year. ATro(Xku)VLosl), 6 7 . 4 ; 68. 4. In ostraka from Thebes of 1 5 0 or 1 3 9 B . C . ; s. of Sollaios or Salamis; a tax-farmer of shoe-makers' tax. Cf. Vol. i, p. 200.
Apiaropievrjs, 4 9 . 4 (see Vol. i, p. 200 s.v.). In an ostrakon from Thebes of 1 6 1 B . C . ; s. of Josepos; a tax-farmer of wine-tax. Apurrop.€vrjs, 2 6 5 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 7 7 ; s. of Sambathion; paid a tax connected with a dyke (vavpiov n
a
n
Apoeiov, Inscr. 1 4 7 7 . I inscription from Leontopolis; f. of Theuphilos. Apoivor), Inscr. 1 5 1 0 . 1 , 1 1 . On her grave stone from Leontopolis of 5 B . C ; w. of Phabeis. Apaivorj, Inscr. 1 5 3 0 . 3 . On her gravestone from Leontopolis; d. of Thedosios. Apaovs, 2 2 5 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 1 1 5 ; s. of Sostratos; paid the Jewish tax. ApreplSwpos, 3 0 . 1 8 . In a papyrus from Fayum of mid second century B . c . ; f. of Dositheos. ApTepuov, Inscr. 1 4 4 7 . In an inscription from Alexandria (?); s. of Nikon; served as prostates to the synagogue. ....apxos, 1 4 6 . 6. In a papyrus from Alexandria of 1 3 B . C . ; f. of Sophron.
Aqabiah (Hebr.), Inscr. 1 4 2 4 . On his gravestone from Alexandria of early Ptolemaic period; s. of Elyo'enai.
. . - as, 37o» 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 96 or 1 1 2 ; s. of Nikias; paid the poll-tax.
21/>j8e[ivo??], 408c. 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of first century A.D. ; f. of Pates.
Agi/His, 1 1 4 . 2 . In an ostrakon from Up per Egypt of the second century B . C . ; f. of Sambataios.
Apfiivos, 2 0 3 . 1 ; 2 8 7 . 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 9 1 and 1 0 5 - 6 ; f. of Damas. ApearjXdos, 4 2 . 1 1 . In a papyrus of 1 5 2 or 1 4 1 B.C. ; f. of Isakis. Apd-qvaras, 4086. 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of the first or second century A.D. ; s. of Joulios. Apt..., 1 9 1 . 1 . In an ostrakon Edfu of A.D. 9 5 ; f. of Aiso( ).
from
AplaTLmros, 4 7 . 6. In a papyrus from the Arsinoite district of second century B . C ; f. of Sabbathion.
Aaova..., Inscr. 1 5 0 7 . On her gravestone from Leontopolis. AvXcuos, 4 0 5 . 5 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of the first or second century A.D. ; f. of Sobtais. AvXcuos, 2 9 5 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 94 or n o ; f. of Bokchoris. AvprjXLa, 5 1 3 . 6. In a papyrus from Hermoupolis of A.D. 5 8 6 ; d. of Erebekka; a Samaritan; made a deed of divorce with her husband.
PROSOPOGRAPHY
OF THE
AvprjXios AiocrKopos, 473* 7~8> 1 2 , 26. In a papyrus from Oxyrhynchos of A.D. 2 9 1 ; represented, together with Aurelios Joustos, the Jewish community of Oxyrhynchos in an act of enfranchise ment of a Jewish maid and her chil dren.
J E W S IN E G Y P T
171
AxiXXiiov, Inscr. 1 4 4 1 . 8. In an inscrip tion from Xenephyris of 1 4 3 / 1 1 7 B . C ; a prostates of the Jewish community. Bdvis, 5 0 1 . 6. In a papyrus of fourth century A.D. ; appears in a list of per sons paying some tax.
_
AvprjXios 'Iovcrros, 473« 7 8 > 1 2 , 2 6 . In a Bapaxias, Inscr. 1 4 3 8 . In an inscription papyrus from Oxyrhynchos of A.D. 2 9 1 ; from Alexandria of the late-Roman city-councillor of Ono in Palestine; period; f. of Borouch. 'Father of the Community' of the Jews Barichius, 4 6 5 . 1 9 . In a papyrus from in Oxyrhynchos; represented, together Oxyrhynchos of A.D. 205 ; appears in a with Aurelios Dioskoros, the com list of Roman soldiers. munity in an act of enfranchisement of BapvdfSis, 3 3 1 . 2 . In an ostrakon from a Jewish maid and her children. Edfu of A.D. 1 0 5 ; f. of Pamphilos. AvprjXios ' I O V O T O S , 5 1 3 . 5 . In a papyrus from Hermoupolis of A . D . 5 8 6 ; s. of Bapxia-s, Inscr. 1 4 5 4 . On his gravestone from Leontopolis of A.D. 5 ; s. of BarSampsikos; a Samaritan; made a deed chias. of divorce with his wife. AvprjXios 'io-a/c, 4 7 7 . 3 . In a papyrus from Oxyrhynchos of A.D. 3 0 0 ; an officer (xtipicrrrjs) of the alum-monopoly. ,
a
2
T
1 0
AvprjXios I(i)dvvrjs, 47A - > 5 ~ » b. 2, 8. In papyri from Karanis of A.D. 304 and 306; h. of Aurelia Ptolema; possibly a J e w ; formerly a gymnasiarch; gave, in the name of his wife, receipts for rent of land in the vicinity of Karanis.
Bapxias, Inscr. 1 4 5 4 . In an inscription from Leontopolis of A.D. 5 ; f. of Barchias. B6\KXiopis, 2 9 5 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 94 or 1 1 0 ; s. of Aulaios; paid the poll-tax.
BoKxtopis, 1 9 6 . 1 ; 3 0 1 . 1 ; 306. 1 ; 3 0 9 . 3 ; 3 4 2 . 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 9 9 - 1 0 2 and 107 ; s. of Josepos; paid the Jewish tax, poll-tax, bath-tax, policeAvprjXios 'I(joorjios, 508. 9. In a papyrus tax, and a tax for the construction of from Antinoopolis of A.D. 5 4 2 ; s. of watch-towers. Sourous; a farmer; paid in advance for wine bought from another farmer of the Bop(,oxo[pias] (cf. Eafiov-qX), Inscr. 1 4 3 5 . In an inscription from Alexandria (?); village of Lenaion. s. of A l . . . ; had nine children. AvprjXios 2ap.ovrjX, 5 0 3 . In a papyrus from Oxyrhynchos of fifth century Bopovx, Inscr. 1 4 3 8 . In an inscription from Alexandria of the late-Roman period; A.D. ( ? ) . s. of Barachias. AxiXXds 'Povcpos, 3 7 5 . 2 ; 3 7 6 . 2 ; 3 7 7 . 2 ; 378. 2 - 3 ; 379. 2 ; 3 8 0 . 2 ; 3 8 1 . 1 - 2 ; 3 8 2 . 2 ; 3 8 3 . 2 ; 3 8 4 - 1 - 2 ; 385- 2 ; 3 8 6 . 2 ; 387. i; 388. 2 ; 389. 2 ; 390. 2 ; 3 9 1 . 1 ; 3 9 2 .
1 ; 3 9 3 . 1 ; 3 9 4 - 1 ; 3 9 5 . 1 ; 3 9 6 . 1 ; 3972 ; 3 9 8 . 2 ; 3 9 9 . 1 ; 400. 2 ; 4 0 1 . 2 ; 4 0 2 .
1 - 2 ; 403. 1 - 2 . In ostraka from Edfu of A . D . 1 5 1 , 1 5 6 , and
158-65;
f. of
Sen-
petestheus, Senpeamys, and PanibekisSenpeasmys. AxiXXevs, 4 7 5 . 1 3 . In a papyrus from Oxyrhynchos of c. A.D. 2 9 5 ; f. of Jakob.
raSSaios, 37. 1 , v. In a papyrus from Herakleia of 2 2 2 B.C. ; leased together with Theodotos and Phanias the plots of two cleruchs. rXavKias, Inscr. 1 4 5 8 . On his gravestone from Leontopolis. JaAAea?, 2 4 8 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 77 or 9 0 ; s. of Abraimos; paid the cattle-tax.
172
APPENDIX
Aafxas, 2 0 3 . 1 ; 2 8 7 . 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 9 1 and 1 0 5 - 6 ; s. of Harbinos; paid the Jewish tax, dyke-tax, and bath-tax. J a / u W , 404. 6. In an ostrakon from Edfu of first or second century A.D. ; an owner of ships.
II
Edfu of first or second century A.D. ; owner of ships. ALSvpios (cf. n.To\ep.atos), 4 5 9 - Col. I X , 1 . In a papyrus from Fayum of A.D. 1 4 9 ; s. of Didymos; paid the land-tax col lected from the katoikoi of Bernikis.
Al8vp,os, 4 5 9 . Col. I X . 1 . In a papyrus AafiLwv, 3 1 2 . 1 ; 3 3 7 . 1 . In ostraka from from Fayum of A.D. 1 4 9 ; f. of DidymosEdfu of A.D. 1 0 2 and 1 0 6 ; s. of Phile Ptolemaios. mon ; paid the poll-tax. Al8vp.o$, 3 4 0 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu Aapeios, 3 5 . 1 8 . In a papyrus from Fayum of A.D. 1 0 6 ; f. of Dipas. of 2 5 9 / 8 B.C. ; s. of Jonas; probably a AlSvpos, 1 6 0 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu peasant. of A.D. 7 1 / 7 2 ; f. of Herenios. AapeTos, 3 1 . 70. In a papyrus from Fayum of mid-second century B . C ; s. of Theodotos; a military settler.
Ai8vp.os, 204. 2 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 1 0 6 ; f. of Kleparous.
Aioyds, 2 0 2 . 2. In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 1 0 5 - 6 ; paid the Jewish tax and a tax for the construction of watchtowers. Aeivlas, 2 4 . 2 3 , 2 8 , 3 1 . In a papyrus from Trikomia of 1 7 4 B . C . ; s. of Aineas; of Atovvs, 2 3 1 . 1 ; 2 3 3 . 1 . In ostraka from the Epigone. Edfu of A.D. 56 and 6 7 ; f. of Simon. AeWalas, 1 2 1 . 3 . In an ostrakon from AiowoLa, 1 4 3 . 3 , 8, 1 5 , 2 0 . In a papyrus Upper Egypt of second or first century from Alexandria of 1 3 B . C . ; d. of B.C. Ariston; received a testamentary be quest of 200 drachmai from Theodoros Ae\(f)vvios, Inscr. 1 5 2 3 . On his gravestone son of Nikodemos, an Alexandrian Jew. from Leontopolis. AegHpdvrjs, 9 9 . 8. In an ostrakon from Aiovvoios, 2 4 1 . 2 ; 2 9 4 . 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 7 1 and 9 3 / 9 4 or 1 0 9 / 1 0 ; paid Upper Egypt of 1 5 5 or 1 4 4 B . C ; f. of the tax on wheat. Simon. Ar)fids, Inscr. 1490. 2 , 7. On his gravestone Aiovvoios, Inscr. 1 5 3 8 . In an inscription from Upper Egypt; f. of Ptolemaios. from Leontopolis of 1 1 7 B . C ; a doctor. Aapelos, 3 1 . 70. In a papyrus of midsecond century B . C ; f. of Theodotos.
Arjfids, 1 6 6 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 7 2 ; s. of Didymion; paid the Jewish tax.
Aiovvoios, 4 1 I . 6 - 7 , 30. In a papyrus from Philadelpheia of A . D . 3 ; f. of Sam bathion.
Arjp,ds (cf. 2Jdxeios), 2 2 3 . 1 , 4. In an ostra kon from Edfu of A.D. 1 1 4 ; f. of Maria and Simon.
AiooBoros, 1 9 . 1 3 . In a papyrus from Krokodilopolis of 226 B . C . ; f. of Herakleia.
Arj/xds, 2 7 3 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 7 8 ; s. of Simon.
AiooKovpih-qs, 3 2 . 5 . In a papyrus from Gurob, probably of mid-second cen tury B . C ; s. of Simon; a military settler.
Arjp,i]rpLos, 2 8 . 1 9 . In a papyrus from Samareia of 1 5 5 or 1 4 4 B . C ; f. of Angais. Ar)p,oKpa.Tr)s, 2 2 . 1 5 , 3 5 , v. In a papyrus from Samareia of 201 B . C ; a soldier. AiSvpilaov, 1 6 6 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 7 2 ; f. of Demas. Al8vp.os, 404. 2 . In an ostrakon
from
Aigdvr]s, 2 3 4 . i . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 6 8 ; s. of Nikon; paid the tax on wheat. Ai,6(f)avTos, 2 2 . 1 4 , 3 5 . In a papyrus from Samareia of 201 B . C . ; s. of Theodotos; a soldier.
PROSOPOGRAPHY
OF THE
J E W S IN E G Y P T
173
Anrds, 3 4 0 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 1 0 6 ; s. of Didymos; paid the dyke-tax, bath-tax, and police-tax.
Ato[aas?], 2 2 4 . 5 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 1 1 4 - 1 5 ; paid the Jewish tax.
Ao..., Inscr. 1 4 5 6 . In an inscription from Leontopolis; f. of Aristoboulos.
Awads, 278. 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu
AgXxovs, 1 6 7 . 5 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 7 3 ; f. of Eunous.
Awads, 2 1 5 . 1 ; 2 1 7 . 1 ; 3 1 5 . 1 ; 3 4 7 . 2 ;
AoXxovs, 2 8 9 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 92 or 1 0 8 ; s. of Jesous; paid the dyke-tax and the bath-tax.
3 6 4 . 4 ; 3 6 7 . 1 . In ostraka from Edfu
A[
]os, 4 1 5 . 1 3 . In a papyrus from Hawara of A.D. 2 4 / 2 5 ; probably a dealer in clothes. Agadojv, 428. Col. I, 4. In a papyrus from Fayum of A.D. 1 0 1 / 1 0 2 ; f. of Joses. ApijivXos, 12yd. 2 ; e. 1 . In papyri of 222 B.C. ; f. of Dositheos. Avadewv, 409. 2 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of 3 B . c . ; paid the bath-tax. Awpds, Inscr. 1 4 5 1 . 6. In an inscription from Leontopolis; f. of Somoelos. Awplwv, Inscr. 1 5 3 7 . In an inscription from Upper Egypt; f. of Theodotos. Awp[. .]KOCX?, 4 1 7 . 5 . In a papyrus from Babylon of A.D. 5 9 ; s. of Petos; Persian of the Epigone; from the village of the Syrians in the Heliopolite district; took from a Roman cavalryman a loan disguised as a deposit. Awpodeos, 1 2 9 . 2 , 3 , 9. In a papyrus from Alexandrou Nesos of 2 1 8 B.C. ; accused of stealing a mantle. Awadptv, Inscr. 1 5 1 5 . On her gravestone from Leontopolis. Awadpiov, 4 2 1 . 1 6 5 , 1 8 5 , 201. In a papyrus of A.D. 7 3 ; d. of Jakoubos; paid the Jewish tax. Awadpiov, 4 2 1 . 1 8 3 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; m. of Tryphaina. Awaaplwv, 3 3 4 . 2 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 1 0 6 ; paid the tax on behalf of assessment (fxepiafxos). Awaaplwv, 1 9 4 . 2 ; 4 0 5 . 4 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 98 and first or second cen tury A.D. ; s. of Jesous; paid the Jewish tax.
of A.D.
352.
69-79. 1
1 ; 354- ; 360. 1 ; 361.
of A . D . 1 0 3 , 1 0 7 - 1 0 , and
1 ; 363. 5;
113-14;
s. of
Pesouris; paid the Jewish tax, poll-tax, dyke-tax, bath-tax, police-tax, and a tax on behalf of assessment (fxepi.ap.6s). A wads, 2 4 2 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 7 1 ; s. of Petays; paid the policetax. Awads, 4 6 . 1 . In a papyrus from Syrian Village in Fayum of second or first century B.C. ; s. of Sabbataios; a pot ter; made an agreement with some Egyptians for joint use of a pottery; illiterate. Awads, Inscr. 1 5 0 2 . On his gravestone from Leontopolis; h. of Teuphila. Awadr)s, 3 1 3 . 2. In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 1 0 3 ; s. of Sambathion; paid the poll-tax. Awadiwv, Inscr. 1 5 2 4 . On his gravestone from Leontopolis of 1 B . C . ; s. of Sab bataios. Awaidea, 4 7 . 8. In a papyrus from the Arsinoite district of second century B . c . ; d. of Theodotos; probably a land-holder. AwalOeos, 1 9 . 1 2 , 3 5 . In a papyrus from Krokodilopolis of 226 B . C ; of the Epi gone ; his quarrel with a Jewess Herakleia brought before a Greek tribunal. Awatde[os, 2 0 . 2 1 . In a papyrus from Tebtynis of 2 2 8 - 2 2 1 B . C ; entrusted to keep a loan contract between Mousaios and Lasaites. AwalBeos, 2 4 . 2 6 . In a papyrus from Trikomia of 1 7 4 B . C ; probably a mili tary functionary. AwatOeos, 2 8 . 1 5 . In a papyrus from Samareia of 1 5 5 or 144 B . C ; a soldier; owned cattle.
174
APPENDIX
II
Acoaideos, 3 2 . v. In a papyrus from Gurob probably of mid-second century B.C. ; a military settler.
Acoaideos, 2 9 . 1 1 . In a papyrus from Fayum of mid second century B . C . ; f. of Kar
Acoaideos, 69. 2, 7. In an ostrakon from Koptos of 151 or 140 B . c . ; a banker.
A]coaideos, 8 1 . 5. In an ostrakon from Thebes of 157 B . c . ; s. of Pachrates; a peasant owning land in the district of Koptos.
Acoaideos, 4 1 2 . 9. In a papyrus of 8/9 B . C ; owned sheep. Acoaideos, Inscr. 1495. On his gravestone from Leontopolis. Acoaideos, Inscr. 1 5 1 1 . 5. In an inscription from Leontopolis.
Aco]aideos, 7 6 . 3. In an ostrakon from Thebes of 159 or 92 B.C. ; s. of P s a . . . ; a peasant.
Acoaideos, 2 9 . 10. In a papyrus from Fayum of mid-second century B . C . ; f. of Antipater.
Acoai[deos, 3 1 . 78. In a papyrus from Fayum of mid-second century B . C . ; s. of Ptolemaios; a military settler probably in the north-east corner of Fayum.
Acoaideos, 7 0 . 4; 7 1 . 4; 7 2 . 4; I I I . 5. In ostraka from Edfu of 1 1 9 , 1 0 4 , and 89/88 or 86/85 B . C ; f. of Apollonios.
Acoaideos, 4 2 8 . Col. I I , 7. In a papyrus from Fayum of A . D . 101/102; f. of Ptolemaios.
Acoaideos, 3 0 . 18. In a papyrus from Fayum of mid-second century B.C. ; s. of Artemidoros; probably member of a military unit.
A coaideos, 8 4 . 3 . In an ostrakon from Thebes of 157 B.C. ; s. of Pyrrhos; a peasant.
Acoaideos, 1 2 7 a . 23—24; b. 2; c. 4; d. 1; e. 1 . In papyri of 240, 225/4, and 222 B.C. ; s. of Drimylos; identified with Dositheos son of Drimylos of 3 Mace. 1 . 3 ; an apostate J e w ; accompanied Ptolemy IV to Raphia, and rescued him from an attempt on his life made on the eve of that battle (3 Mace. 1 . 1 - 3 ) ; appears in the papyri as a great man at the court of Ptolemy I I I ; held in 240 the office of hypomnematographos (127a: and probably also 1276); travelled in the king's entourage in 225/4 (127c); was in 222 an eponymous priest of Alexan der and the deified Ptolemies (127^-g). Acoaideos, 4 3 . 3. In a papyrus from Phila delpheia of second century B . C ; f. of Judas. Acoaideos, 8 2 . 4; 8 3 . 4. In ostraka from Thebes of 157 B.C. ; f. of Hellen. Acoaideos, 9 5 . 3. In an ostrakon from Edfu (?) of second century B . C . ; f. of Japheus. Acoaideos, 2 9 . 6 . In a papyrus from Fayum of mid-second century B . C . ; s. of Kaimion; probably a military settler.
Acoo(i)deos, 3 1 . 63. In a papyrus from Fayum of mid-second century B . C . ; f. of Seuthes. Acoaideos, Inscr. 1496. On his gravestone from Leontopolis; s. of Stoetis. Acoaideos, 2 8 . 5. In a papyrus from Samareia of 155 or 144 B . C ; f. of Theodoros. Acoaideos, 3 2 . 1 . In a papyrus from Gurob probably of mid-second century B.C. ; f. of Theodoros. Acoaideos, 1 4 6 . 3, 54. In a papyrus from Alexandria of 13 B . C ; f. of Theodote. Acoai]deos, 2 8 . 8. In a papyrus from Samareia of 155 or 144 B . C ; s. of Theo dotos ; a soldier; owned cattle. Acoaideos, 1 3 1 . 5. In a papyrus from Fayum of 178 or 167 B . C ; f. of Theo dotos. A]coaideos, 4 7 . 4. In a papyrus from the Arsinoite district of second century B . C ; f. of Theomnestos. Acoaideos, 2 i . 9. In a papyrus from Apollonias of 210 B.C. ; f. of Theophilos. Acoaideos, 2 8 . 18. In a papyrus from Samareia of 155 or 144 B . C ; s. of Tychon; a soldier; owned cattle.
PROSOPOGRAPHY
OF THE
'EleiKias, 2 9 . 2 . In a papyrus from Fayum of mid-second century B . C . ; s. of Ezeikias; probably a military settler. 'E&udas, 2 9 . 2. In a papyrus from Fayum of mid-second century B.C. ; f. of Ezeikias. Elpds, Inscr. 1 4 6 3 . On her tomb-inscrip tion from Leontopolis; d. of Try phaina.
J E W S IN E G Y P T
175
claiming for himself Alexandrian citi zenship on account of his father's citizen-rights and his own Greek educa tion. 'EXXaSorrj, 1 2 8 . 1 , v. In a papyrus from Magdola of 2 1 8 B . C ; d. of Philonides; insulted by her husband Jonathas; sent a plaint to the Greek authorities.
Elprjvr), 1 4 4 . 1 8 . In a papyrus from Alexandria of 1 3 B . C . ; m. of Apollonia.
"EXXrjv, 8 2 . 4 ; 8 3 . 4. In ostraka from Thebes of 1 5 7 B . C ; s. of Dositheos; a peasant.
Elprjvr), Inscr. 1 5 3 1 . In an inscription from Fayum of the Ptolemaic period; w. of Eleazaros.
Elyo'enai (Hebr.), Inscr. 1 4 2 4 . In an inscription from Alexandria of early Ptolemaic period; f. of Aqabiah.
Elprjvr), Inscr. 1 5 0 9 . 7. In an inscription from Leontopolis; d. of Horaia.
'Efj...., 478a. In an ostrakon from Karanis of third century A.D. ; f. of Enok.
Elpfjvrj, Inscr. 1 4 9 1 . On her gravestone from Leontopolis; w. of Nikanor. Elprjvr), 5 0 1 . 4. In a papyrus of fourth century A.D. ; m. of Isak. Elpicpv, 2 9 1 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 9 3 ; s. of Amon; paid the bathtax. ElaaaK, 4 6 9 . 1 6 . In a papyrus of third century A.D. ; mentioned in a business letter. E(V)aaKi.s, Inscr. 1 4 8 2 . On his gravestone from Leontopolis; s. of Jakobos. "E]K.hr]pLos, Inscr. 1 4 8 3 . In an inscription from Leontopolis; f. of Sabbatais. *E\al,apos, Inscr. 1466. On his gravestone from Leontopolis of 28 B . c . 'E\ed£apos, Inscr. 1 4 5 3 . On his gravestone from Leontopolis. 'EXed^apos, Inscr. 1 4 7 3 . O from Leontopolis.
n m
s
"Efxavos, 1 9 8 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 1 0 2 - 3 ; f. of Selemon. 478a. In an ostrakon from Karanis of third century A . D . ; s. of E m . . . ; ap pears in a list of persons, most of them peasants.
*EV6K,
5 0 9 . 1. In a papyrus from Oxy rhynchos of sixth century A.D. ; culti vator on the estate of Flavius Apion I I , a rich landowner of Oxyrhynchos.
'EVOJX,
. e . . . o ? , 4 2 1 . 1 8 6 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; f. of Philous. ....cos, 2 8 . 9. In a papyrus from Samareia of 1 5 5 or 1 4 4 B . C ; s. of Sam bathaios ; a soldier; owned cattle. 'EmKvorjs, Inscr. 1 4 6 3 . In an inscription from Athribis of second or first century B . C ; f. of Ptolemaios.
gravestone
'EpepeKKa, 5 1 3 . 8. In a papyrus from Hermoupolis of A.D. 5 8 6 ; m. of Aurelia; a Samaritan. 'EXed&pos, Inscr. 1 5 3 1 . In an inscription from Fayum of the Ptolemaic period; 'Epevios, 1 6 0 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu s. of Nikolaos; a military officer. of A . D . 7 1 / 7 2 ; s. of Didymos; paid the Jewish tax. 'EXedlCapos, 4 2 8 . Col. I, 8. In a papyrus from Fayum of A . D . 1 0 1 / 1 0 2 ; s. of 'Epp.aios (cf. cpifttoDv), 4 5 3 . 2 0 . In a papy Ptolemaios; a sitologos. rus from Hermoupolite district of A.D. 1 3 2 ; s. of Onias; acted as guardian of "EXevos, 1 5 1 . 2 . In a papyrus from his mother Tryphaina in a lease-con Alexandria of 5 / 4 B . C . ; s. of Tryphon; tract she gave out. addressed a petition to the prefect com plaining of a financial official
and
'Eppilas, Inscr. 1 4 4 4 . In an inscription
176
APPENDIX
from Athribis of second or first century B . C . ; gave, together with his wife Philotera, an exedra to the synagogue. 'EpfjLLas, 88. 3 . In an ostrakon from Thebes of 1 5 4 B . C ; f. of Simon. 'Eppoyevris, 1 4 4 . 6, 8, 1 5 , 2 5 , 3 3 . In a papyrus from Alexandria of 1 3 B . C ; s. of Hermogenes; his deed of divorce written according to Hellenistic formu las. 'Eptioy£[v\qs, 1 4 4 . 6 - 7 . In a papyrus from Alexandria of 1 3 B . C . ; f. of Hermo genes ; full Alexandrian citizen. 'EpcoTiov, 4 2 1 . 164, 189, 1 9 2 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; m. of Philiskos; d. of . . . on; paid the Jewish tax. 'EpojTiov, 4 2 7 . 4 . In a papyrus from Apollonias of A.D. I O I ; m. of Theomnas. 'EaKi[€aXaKis7], 408a. 6. In an ostrakon from Edfu of first or second century A.D.
II
'HXdpiov, Inscr. 1494. On her gravestone from Leontopolis; d. of Philippos. 'HXioStopos, Inscr. 1430. In an inscription from Alexandria of early Ptolemaic period; f. of Simotera, a Sidonian. 'Hpats, 4 2 1 . 1 8 7 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; m. of Sambathion. 'HpaicXeia, 1 9 . 9, 1 2 , 1 3 , 3 7 , 4 1 . In a papyrus from Krokodilopolis of 2 2 6 B . C . ; d. of Diosdotos; her quarrel with Dositheos, brought before a Greek tribunal by Dositheos, a Jew, an Athenian of the Epigone. 'Hpa/cAeta, 4 5 1 . In a papyrus from Sesphtha of A.D. 1 2 6 ; d. of Onias. 'HpaKXeiSrjs, 2 0 9 . 2 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 107 ; f. of Akakias. 'HpaKXeiorjs, 1 4 4 . 5 . In a papyrus from Alexandria of 1 3 B . C ; probably a J e w ; b. of Eirene; acted as guardian of Apollonia.
Evicts, 1 4 0 . 3 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of 49 B . C .
'HpaKXetS-qs, 4 5 5 . 3 . In a papyrus from Theadelpheia of A.D. 137 ; f. of Isakous.
Ewovs, 1 6 7 . 5. In an ostrakon from Edfu of A . D . 7 3 ; s. of Dolchous; paid the Jewish tax and the aparchai.
'Hpds (cf. At,a.Ki4X), 4 6 4 . 23. In a papyrus from Fayum of second century A.D. ; a tenant-farmer.
Evvovs, 2 1 9 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A . D . 1 0 9 ; s. of Josepos; paid the Jewish tax.
0drprjs, 407. 4. In an ostrakon from Edfu of first or second century A.D. ; s. of EvTep-rTT], 4 2 1 . 1 8 9 . In a papyrus from Pet.... Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; m. of Erotion. ©avfjidaios, 3 2 2 . 1 ; 3 2 5 . 1 ; 3 2 6 . 1 ; 3 3 0 . 1 ; ZafidXvos, 3 . 4 . In a Palestine papyrus of Zenon of 259 B . C . ; probably a J e w ; perhaps a minor member of Zenon's travelling company in Palestine. Zawdis 1 4 0 . Col. I, 1 5 ; Col. I I , 1 6 ; Col. I l l , 8. In an ostrakon from Edfu of 49 B . C .
ZcoiXos, 2 9 . 22. In a papyrus from Fayum of mid-second century B . C . ; f. of Theodosios.
3 6 8 . 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of A . D . 104-5 l 1 1 5 ; f. of Petays and Jakobos. a n (
@€oiaa[os, 2 9 3 . 6. In an ostrakon from Edfu of A . D . 9 3 - 9 4 ; paid the tax for construction of watch-towers on behalf of Verrius, presumably his grandson. ©€Spivd[s, 2 2 4 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A . D . 1 1 4 - 1 5 ; paid the Jewish tax.
Ztpgi\Los, 2 2 . 1 5 , 3 5 . In a papyrus of Samareia of 201 B . C ; f. of Milon.
©eoSoaios, 2 9 . 8. In a papyrus from Fayum of mid-second century B . C . ; s. of Ammonios; probably a military settler.
Ztooos, 407. 4. In an ostrakon from Edfu of first or second century A.D. ; s. of Joannes.
©eoSoaios, 2 9 . 2 2 . In a papyrus from Fayum of mid-second century B . C . ; s. of Zoilos; probably a military settler.
PROSOPOGRAPHY
OF THE
©eoSoTTj, I 4 6 . 3 , 7 - 8 , l 6 - I 7 , 2 1 - 2 2 , 5 0 , 5 4 .
In a papyrus from Alexandria of 1 3 B.C. ; d. of Dositheos; Persian; a wetnurse. ©eoSoros, 3 7 . 1 , v. In a papyrus from Herakleia of 2 2 2 B . C . ; leased together with Gaddaios and Phanias the plots of two cleruchs. ©eoSoros, 5 1 2 . 2 . In a papyrus from Fayum of sixth or seventh century A.D. ; f. of Abramios. ©eoSoros, 4 7 . 2 . In a papyrus from the Arsinoite district of second century B.C. ; s. of Alexander; probably a land holder. ©eoSoros, 4 7 . 2 . In a papyrus from the Arsinoite district of second century B . c . ; f. of Alexander. ©eoSoros, 3 1 . 70. In a papyrus from Fayum of mid-second century B . C . ; s. of Dareios; a military settler. ©eoSoros, 4 7 . 8. In a papyrus of second century B . C . ; f. of Dosithea. ©eoSoros, 2 2 . 1 4 , 3 5 . In a papyrus from Samareia of 201 B . C . ; f. of Diophantos. ©eoSoros, 2 8 . 8. In a papyrus from Samareia of 1 5 5 or 144 B . C . ; f. of Dosi theos. ©eoSoros, 1 3 1 . 5 . In a papyrus from Fayum of 1 7 8 or 167 B . C ; s. of Dosi theos ; mentioned in a police-report as a supposed victim of murder. OeoSoros, 2 2 . 1 4 , 3 4 . In a papyrus from Samareia of 201 B . C . ; s. of Jason; a soldier. ©eoSoros, 2 2 . 6, 1 1 , 2 3 , 3 1 . In a papyrus from Samareia of 201 B . C . ; s. of Kassandros; Paeonian; a taktomisthos in the regular army. ©eoSoros, 1 4 9 . 3 , 2 1 . In a papyrus from Alexandria of 10 B . C . ; f. of Lysimachos. ©eoSoros, 3 2 . 3 . In a papyrus from Gurob probably of mid-second century B . C . ; f. of Theomnestos. ©eoSoros, 3 1 . 80. In a papyrus from Fayum of mid-second century B . C . ; s. of T i . . . ; a military settler.
J E W S IN E G Y P T
177
©eoSoros, 1 4 9 . 5 , 2 3 . In a papyrus from Alexandria of 1 0 B . C . ; f. of Tryphon. ©eoScopa, 4 7 . 3 . In a papyrus from Ar sinoite district of second century B . C . ; d. of Leon; probably a land-holder. ©eoScopos, 1 0 9 . 2 . In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of the Ptolemaic period; a tax-farmer, acting in partnership with Abdious and Skymnos. ©eoScopos, Inscr. 1 4 4 1 . 7. In an inscription from Xenephyris of 1 4 3 / 1 1 7 B . C ; a prostates of the Jewish community. ©eoScopos (cf. Niyep), 1 7 0 . I ; 2 4 8 . I . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 7 3 and 7 5 ; s. of Antonius Rufus; paid the Jewish tax, aparchai, and poll-tax. ©eoScopos, 2 8 . 5 . In a papyrus from Samareia of 1 5 5 or 144 B . C ; s. of Dosi theos ; 30-arourai holder; owned cattle. ©eoScopos, 3 2 . 1 . In a papyrus from Gurob probably of mid-second century B.C.; s. of Dositheos; a military settler. ©eoScopos, 4 7 . 4. In a papyrus from Ar sinoite district of second century B . C . ; f. of Dositheos. ©eoScopos, 1 4 2 . 5 , 7, 9, 1 7 , 20, 2 3 , 26, 28, 3 6 ; 1 4 3 . 7 . In papyri from Alexandria of 1 4 and 1 3 B . C ; s. of Nikodemos; owned land in the Alexandrian chora; deposited his will in the archive of the Jews. ©eoScopos, 4 2 1 . 1 7 3 , 1 8 6 , 1 9 5 , 1 9 8 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; s. of Ptolemaios. ©eoScopos, 2 8 . 1 6 . In a papyrus from Samareia of 1 5 5 or 144 B . C . ; f. of Sam bathaios. ©eoScopos (cf. Uap.drjXos), 2 4 . 2 5 . In a papyrus from Trikomia of 1 7 4 B . C . ; s. of Theodoros; an 80-arourai holder of the first hipparchy. ©eoScopos, 2 4 . 2 5 . In a papyrus from Trikomia of 1 7 4 B . C . ; f. of Theodoros. ©eoScopos, 4 7 . 8. In a papyrus from Arsinoite district of second century B . C ; f. of Theodotos. ©eoScoros (cf. Niyep), 1 7 3 . 1 ; 1 7 6 . 1 ; 1 7 8 . 1 ; 240. 7 ; 2 4 9 . 1 ; 263. 4 ; 2 6 4 . 1 ;
266.
APPENDIX
178
4; 2 6 9 . 1 ; 2 7 0 . 1 ; 2 7 4 . 1 ; 2 7 5 . 1 ;
276.
In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 6 9 - 7 9 , 7 0 - 7 1 , 7 3 - 7 4 , 7 6 - 7 9 ; s. of Antonius Rufus; paid the Jewish tax, aparchai, poll-tax, dyke-tax, bath-tax, and policetax. 1.
(cf. Nlyep), 2 6 1 . 1 . In an ostra kon from Edfu of A.D. 7 6 ; s. of PtoUis; paid the police-tax.
@€O8LOTOS
Oeo/xvas, 4 2 7 . 4. In a papyrus from Apollonias of A.D. I O I ; f. of Josepos. 0e6[jLV7)OTos,
4 7 . 4. In a papyrus from
Arsinoite district of second century B . C ; s. of Dositheos; probably a land holder. OeofivrjaTos, 3 2 . 3 . In a papyrus from Gurob probably of mid-second century B . c . ; s. of Theodotos; a military settler. @€oiXos, 2 1 . 9 . In a papyrus from Apollonias of 2 1 0 B . c . ; s. of Dositheos; of the Epigone; accused of having taken part in robbing a vineyard of Peitholaos. 8 5 . 3 . In an ostrakon from Thebes of 1 5 6 B . C ; s. of Salaminis; a peasant.
Oeoxprjcrros,
4 2 6 . In a papyrus from Oxyrhynchos of c. A.D. 9 4 ; d. of Isakis.
©€pfxov9[dpiov,
@€pp,ov9la>v, 406. 7. In an ostrakon from Edfu of first or second century A.D. Inscr. 1 5 0 3 . In an inscription from Leontopolis.
. . . Qepos,
©evBovs,
4 2 1 . 1 8 8 . In a papyrus from
Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; m. of a payer of the Jewish tax. Inscr. 1 4 6 4 . On her grave stone from Leontopolis.
II
In a papyrus from Trikomia of 1 7 4 B . C ; s. of Phanokles; of the Epigone.
©77J6W, 2 4 . 24.
406. 4. In an ostrakon from Edfu of first or second century A.D.
Orjyevrjs,
3 7 4 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of first or second century A.D. ; f. of Abramis.
©r]yev[r)]s,
4 2 1 . 1 8 7 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; h. of Sambathion.
©rjyevrjs,
4 0 5 . 6. In an ostrakon from Edfu of first or second century A.D. ; a weaver.
©ijSeox?,
@T)8eros,
186. 1 ; 187. 1 ; 189. 1 ; 1 9 2 . 1 ;
1 9 3 . 1 ; 208. 1 ; 2 1 9 . 4 ; 2 2 8 . 1 ; 2 3 0 . 1 ; 2 4 4 . 1 ; 2 5 8 . 1 ; 280. 1 ; 2 8 2 . 1 ; 2 8 3 . 1 ; 285. 1 ; 286. 1 ; 2 9 6 . 1 ; 308. 1 ; 3 1 6 . 1 ;
3 3 6 . 1 ; 3 6 2 . 1 ; 3 7 1 . 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 5 6 , 7 2 , 7 5 , 8 2 , 8 9 - 9 0 , 9 2 - 9 5 , 97, 9 8 - 1 1 7 , 1 0 1 , 1 0 3 , 1 0 6 - 7 , 9» l 1 1 6 ; s. of Alexion; paid the Jewish tax, aparchai, poll-tax, dyke-tax, bath-tax, and a tax on behalf of assessment i o
a n <
(fxepiapios). 0rj8€Tos,
2 5 1 . 1 ; 2 5 5 . 1 ; 277. 1 ; 290. 2.
In ostraka from Edfu of A . D . 7 4 - 7 5 and 9 3 ; s. of Jakoubos; paid the polltax. 4 2 5 . 2 1 , 3 2 . In a papyrus from Oxyrhynchos of A.D. 9 3 ; s. of Jakobos; a villager, probably a peasant.
QrfitTos,
Inscr. 1 5 3 0 . 3 . In an inscription from Leontopolis; f. of Arsinoe.
©r)86o~ios,
1 0 6 . 3 . In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of 1 5 2 B . C . ; f. of Tryphon.
©rj8u)pos,
0€v8[ojp]a,
Gevtjov..., 1 3 9 . 2 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of first century B.C. ; perhaps member of a Jewish dining-club. Inscr. 1 5 3 7 . In an inscription from Upper Egypt; s. of Dorion.
0€V68OTOS,
In an ostrakon from Edfu of first century B . C ; perhaps member of a Jewish dining-club.
©•qpias, 1 3 9 . 7.
Inscr. 1 5 1 7 . On his gravestone from Leontopolis.
©rjros,
);
1 9 9 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 1 0 3 - 4 ; a freedman; paid the Jewish tax.
Inscr. 1 4 8 9 . 8. On his gravestone from Leontopolis; s. of Paous.
©paoias, 2 4 . 24. In a papyrus from Trikomia of 1 7 4 B . C . ; s. of Sosibios; of the Epigone.
0€vt\as,
2 2 6 . 1 . In an ostrakon from
Edfu of A . D . 1 1 5 - 1 6 ; s. of Akou( paid the Jewish tax. ©eojv,
. . .dlov,
PROSOPOGRAPHY
OF THE
'Iaclprjs, 1 0 9 . 3 . In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of Ptolemaic period; a payer of an unknown money-tax. 'Id^apos, 90. 3 ; 1 0 7 . 2 . In ostraka from Thebes of 1 5 4 and 1 5 3 B . C . ; f. of Simon. *IdKof}os, 2 3 5 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 6 9 ; f. of Judas. '/a/cojSo?, 3 2 5 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 1 0 4 ; s. of Thaumasios; paid the poll-tax. Va/co/So?, 4 2 5 . 2 1 , 3 2 . In a papyrus from Oxyrhynchos of A.D. 9 3 ; f. of Thedetos. 'IaKovfiis, 4 7 . 6. In a papyrus from Ar sinoite district of second century B . C . ; f. of Aristippos. 'IaKovjUis, 2 8 . 2 2 . In a papyrus from Samareia of 1 5 5 or 1 4 4 B.C. ; s. of Jakoubis; a soldier and flute-player; owned cattle. 'IaKovfiis, 2 8 . 2 2 . In a papyrus from Samareia of 1 5 5 or 1 4 4 B . C ; f. of Jakoubis. 'IaKovfiis, 2 8 . 2 7 . In a papyrus from Samareia of 1 5 5 or 144 B . C . ; f. of Marion. 'IaKovfios, Inscr. 1 4 6 7 . On his gravestone from Leontopolis. 'IaKovfios, Inscr. 1 5 0 5 . On his gravestone from Leontopolis. 'I]aKovl3os, 4 2 1 . 1 8 5 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; s. of Jakoubos. 'IaKovfios, 4 2 1 . 1 8 5 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; f. of Jakoubos.
J E W S IN E G Y P T
179
'/a/ccujS, 4 7 5 . 1 3 . In a papyrus from Oxy rhynchos of c. A.D. 2 9 5 ; s. of Achilleus; appears in a list of night guards of Oxyrhynchos. 'IaK[co\fi, 4 7 3 . 5 , 1 9 . In a papyrus from Oxyrhynchos of A.D. 2 9 1 ; s. of Paramone; enfranchised together with his mother by the Jewish community of Oxyrhynchos. 'IaKtofios, Inscr. 1 4 8 2 . In an inscription from Leontopolis; f. of Eisakis. 'Iaorjins, 4 6 1 . 3 . In a papyrus from Bakchias of A.D. 185 or 2 1 7 ; paid a fine. 'Iaaifiis, 2 7 . 7. In a papyrus from Diospolis Magna of 1 5 8 B . C ; an epistates of a hipparchy. 'IdaiKos, 1 6 3 . 1 . In an ostrakon Edfu of A.D. 7 2 ; f. of Merin.
from
'Idacov, 406. 5 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of first or second century A.D. 'Idacov, 1 6 5 . 1 ; 2 5 0 . 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 7 2 - 7 4 ; f. of Josepos. 'Idacov, 3 2 9 . 2 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 1 0 5 ; s. of Josepos; paid the poll-tax. 'Idacov, 328a. 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 1 0 4 ; s. of M . . . ; paid the dyketax and the police-tax. 'Idacov, 2 8 . 1 7 . In a papyrus from Samareia of 1 5 5 or 1 4 4 B . C . ; s. of Mnason; a soldier; owned cattle. 'Idacov, 2 4 . 2 6 . In a papyrus from Tri komia of 1 7 4 B . C . ; f. of Nikanor.
'Idicovfios, 2 1 1 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 107 ; s. of Nikias; paid the Jewish tax.
'Ida]cpv, 2 5 6 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 7 5 ; s. of Philon.
'IdicovfSos, 4 2 2 . 5 . In a papyrus from Oxyrhynchos of A.D. 77 ; f. of . . .s.
'Idacov, 2 2 . 1 4 , 3 4 . In a papyrus from Samareia of 201 B . C ; f. of Theodotos.
'IaKovfios,
'Idacov &t\cov, 2 8 8 . 1 ; 3 3 5 . 1 - 2 ; 3 4 1 . 1 ; 343- 1 - 2 ; 3 4 6 . 2 - 3 (?); 348. 2 - 3 ; 3 4 9 . 2 - 3 ; 350. 2 - 3 ; 3 5 5 . 1 - 2 ; 3 5 7 . 1 (?); 3 5 9 . 1 ; 363- 2 - 3 ; 364. 1 ; 366. 1 ; 3 7 2 . 2;
4 2 8 . Col. I I , 1 1 . In a papyrus
from Fayum of A.D. 1 0 1 / 1 0 2 ; f. of Sam bathion. 'IaKovfios,
2 7 7 . 1 ; 2 9 0 . 1 ; 3 6 5 . 1 . In
ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 6 9 - 7 9 , 9 3 , and I I I ; S. of Thedetos; paid the polltax.
9 2 - 9 3 , 9 8 - 1 1 7 , 1 0 6 - 1 0 , 1 1 2 , and first or
2 5 i . i ; 2 5 5 . i . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 7 4 - 7 5 ; f. of Thedetos.
'Iacftevs, 98. 2 . In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of 1 6 1 B . C . ; a payer of chaff-tax.
'MKOV^OS,
405. 3 . In ostraka from Edfu of A . D . second century A.D. ; f. of Pesouris.
i8o
APPENDIX
'Iafevs, 95. 2 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of second century B.C. ; s. of Dositheos; a weaver and peasant. 'ISeXXas, 3 9 . 4 9 . In a papyrus from Fayum of third century B.C. ; s. of Sabathois; probably a shepherd. VeajS, 3 6 . 5 . In a papyrus from Boubastos of 240 B.C. ; a field-hand. 'hSSovs, 6. 2 , 6. In a Palestine papyrus of Zenon of 2 5 8 B.C. ; probably a native landowner; quarrelled with a messenger of Zenon about a return of loan due from him to Zenon. 'I4pa£, 5 0 0 . 1 . In a papyrus of fourth cen tury A.D. ; f. of Isaiah. 'hpoovs, 22. 1 4 , 1 6 , 3 5 , 3 7 . In a papyrus from Samareia of 201 B . c . ; s. of Timotheos; a soldier. 'Irjp[ovs?], 406. 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of first or second century A.D. 'Irjoovs, 410. In a papyrus from Oxyrhyn chos of c. 6/5 B.C. 'Irjoovs, 430. 2 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 1 0 5 . 'Irj]oovs, 452a. 1 7 . In a papyrus from Upper Egypt (?) of second century A.D. ; appears in a payment-account from an estate.
II
'Ivows, 74. 3 . In an ostrakon from Thebes of 160 B . C . ; s. of Abiestos; a peasant. 'Iodvrjs, Inscr. 1 4 6 8 . On his gravestone from Leontopolis; s. of Johanes. 'Iodvrjs, Inscr. 1468. In an inscription from Leontopolis; f. of Johanes. (?), 1 6 . 1 . In a papyrus from Philadelpheia of mid-third century B.C.
'IOOLOS
'Iovdp, 5 1 1 . 3 . In a papyrus from Antinoopolis of second half of the sixth century (c. A.D. 5 7 0 ) ; f. of Peret. 'Iovoa, 466. In a papyrus from Arsinoite district (?) of second or third century A.D. ; appears in a list of persons who paid some sums of money. 'IovSas, 43. 3 . In a papyrus from Phila delpheia of second century B.C. ; s. of Dositheos; a peasant; appealed to the epimeletes concerning the increase of his annual rent by the village scribe. 'IovSas, 2 3 5 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A . D . 6 9 ; s. of Jakobos; paid the bath-tax. 'IovSas, 24. 1 0 , 1 6 , 1 7 , 20. In a papyrus from Trikomia of 1 7 4 B . C ; s. of Josephos; of the Epigone; lends money to another Jewish soldier. 'IovSas, Inscr. 1 4 6 5 . On his gravestone from Leontopolis; s. of Judas.
'Irjoovs, 1 1 8 . 5 . In an ostrakon from Up per Egypt of second century B . C . ; s. of Abietos; probably a peasant.
'IovSas, Inscr. 1465. In an inscription from Leontopolis; f. of Judas.
'Irjoovs, 194. 2 ; 405. 4 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 98 and first or second cen tury A.D. ; f. of Dosarion.
'IovSas, 5 0 1 . 2 . In a papyrus of fourth century A.D. ; s. of Phelphas; appears in a list of persons paying some tax.
262. 1 ; 298. 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 7 6 and 1 0 8 ; f. of Josepos and Dolchous.
'IovXiavos EloaK, Inscr. 1439. In an inscrip tion from Alexandria; s. of Abbiba.
'ITJOOVS,
'IovXios, 4086. 2 . In an ostrakon from 'Irjoovs (cf. Eap.fiaQLa>v), 220. 2 ; 298. I ; Edfu of first or second century A.D. ; f. 304. 1 ; 3 1 1 . 1 ; 3 2 1 . 1 ; 405. 2 , 4. In of Arthenatas. ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 96, 99, 1 0 1 , 'IovXios AXegavSpos, rdios, 420a. 6 ; b. 7—8. 104, and n o ; s. of Papeios; a military In papyri of A . D . 26 and 2 8 - 2 9'>prob or police officer; paid the Jewish tax, ably to be identified with Alexander poll-tax, dyke-tax, and bath-tax. the alabarch, father of Tiberius Alexan 'Irjoovs, Inscr. 1 5 1 1 . 1 , 8. On his grave der ; a great landowner. stone from Leontopolis; s. of Phameis. 'IovXios AXdgavSpos, MdpKos, 419a. 1 , 3 ; 9
Irjoovs, Inscr. 1476. On his gravestone from Leontopolis of A.D. 1 ; s. of Sambaios.
b. 4 - 5 ; c. 1 , 3 - 4 , 7 ; d. 3 - 4 ; e. ostraka from Myos Hormos
4.
In and
PROSOPOGRAPHY OF THE
JEWS
IN E G Y P T
181
4 8 0 . 3 . In an ostrakon from Karanis of early fourth century A.D. ; s. of Ision; delivered a quantity of chaff.
Berenike of A.D. 3 7 , 4 3 , 4 3 - 4 4 , and c. 4 3 ; probably to be identified with Marcus, brother of Tiberius Alexander; his firm engaged in the Arabian and Indian trade, conducted via the Red-Sea ports of Berenike and Myos Hormos.
'IO&K,
from Alexandria of early Ptolemaic period; f. of Philon.
'IaaKis, 4 2 6 . In a papyrus from Fayum of c. A.D. 9 4 ; f. of Thermoutharion.
'io-a/c, 4 7 6 . In a papyrus from Oxyrhyn chos of late third or early fourth cen tury A.D. ; s. of Miysis; appears in a list 'IovXios Tiflepios, AXe£av8pos, 4 1 8 a . 2 , 1 7 , of persons enrolled by the government 1 8 ; b. 6 ; c; d. 1 7 - 1 8 ; e. 2 8 ; / . Son of for some work. Alexander the alabarch; one of the richest and most influential men of ' I G O L K , 5 1 7 . 3 . In a papyrus from An the Jewish community in Alexandria; tinoopolis of early fourth century A.D. ; nephew of Philo the philosopher; s. of Pateis; probably a J e w ; one of entered Roman service and became three applicants for the lease of private epistrategos of the Thebaid in A.D. 4 2 ; land for one year in the neighbourhood served as procurator of Judaea in the of Poseos-Nesos. years A.D. 4 6 - 4 8 ; appointed in A.D. 66 'IO-OLKLS (cf. UTpdroov), 4 2 8 . Col. I, 7 . In a to the prefecture of Egypt; played a papyrus from Fayum of A . D . 1 0 1 / 2 ; a dominant part in supporting and ac sitologos. claiming Vespasian as Emperor; trans ferred to the staff of Titus' army in ' I O O L K I S , 1 3 6 . 3 . In a papyrus from the Herakleopolite district of 5 1 B . C . ; f. of Judaea; voted, according to Josephus, Alexander. against the destruction of the Temple; mentioned in our papyri in an account 'Iadicis, 4 2 . 1 1 , 1 2 . In a papyrus of 1 5 2 or of the festivities in Alexandria in 1 4 1 B . C . ; s. of Hareselthos. honour of Vespasian ( 4 1 8 a ) ; is said to 'IaaKis, 1 4 9 . 4, 2 2 . In a papyrus from have been Praetorian Prefect after his Alexandria of 1 0 B . C . ; f. of Marion. term as Prefect of Egypt ( 4 1 8 6 ) ; his 'IO&KIS, 4 2 8 . Col. I I , 9. In a papyrus from edicts and legal decisions cited (418c) Fayum of A . D . 1 0 1 / 2 ; f. of . . .s. or referred to ( 4 1 8 ^ - / ) in connexion with various legal cases. See lit. cited 'IaaKLs, 7 8 . 3 - 4 ; 7 9 . 3 . In ostraka from in Vol. ii, p. 1 9 0 . Thebes of 1 5 5 and 1 5 1 B . C . ; s. of Straton; a peasant. 'Iinr..., Inscr. 1 4 2 8 . In an inscription
'I]mr68afios, 30. Frag. I, 2 . In a papyrus from Fayum of mid-second century B.C. ... Is, 5 0 2 . 4. In a papyrus of fourth cen tury A.D. ; s. of Isak; appears in a list of names. 'ioma, 500. 1 . In a papyrus of fourth century A.D. ; s. of Hierax; possibly a J e w ; appears in an account of wine. 'i] craze, 5 0 2 . 3 . In a papyrus of fourth century A.D. ; appears in a list of names. '/owe, 5 0 1 . 4. In a papyrus of fourth century A.D. ; s. of Eirene; appears in a list of persons paying some tax. 'IaaK, 5 0 2 . 4. In a papyrus of fourth century A.D. ; f. of . . . is.
4 5 5 . 3 . In a papyrus from Thea delpheia of A.D. 1 3 7 ; d. of Herakleides; complained of a theft of corn in the threshing-floor belonging to her late husband Apion in the public lands of Theadelpheia.
'IOCLKOVS,
'Iolbwpos, 4 1 0 . In a papyrus from Oxy rhynchos of c. 6/5 B . C . ; f. of . . . s. 'Iaicov, 480. 3 . In an ostrakon from Karanis of early fourth century A.D. ; f. of Isak. 'Iafj.arjXos, 1 3 . 2 . In a papyrus from Philadelpheia probably of the reign of Philadelphos; leased and cultivated to gether with Alexander small plots of
182
APPENDIX
II
land; complained in a memorandum to Zenon of not being provided with the loan stipulated in the contract.
'Itovadas, 2 8 . 2 6 . In a papyrus from Samareia of 1 5 5 or 1 4 4 B . C . ; f. of Sam bathion.
'IafiarjAos, 1 2 0 . i. In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of second or first century B . C ; a priest.
'Itovas, 3 5 . 1 8 . In a papyrus from Fayum of 2 5 9 / 8 B.C. ; f. of Dareios.
'IofiafjXos, 4 5 2 a . 1 , 4, 7 , 1 2 , 1 3 , 2 5 , 2 7 , In a papyrus from Upper Egypt (?) of second century A.D. ; payer of various sums related to workers, cattle, and water-conduits of an estate. 'Itodva, 7 . 1 6 0 , 1 6 6 . In a papyrus from Berenike Hormos of 257 B . C ; probably a slave-girl in personal attendance on Zenon during his journey in Fayum. 'Icpdvrjs, 4 2 9 . 1 9 . In a papyrus from Bakchias of A.D. 1 1 4 ; probably a retail trader or transporter of goods. 'Itodvrjs, 2 4 . 24. In a papyrus from Trikomia of 1 7 4 B . C . ; f. of Samaelos. 'Iwdwa, 1 3 3 . 3 5 , 3 9 . In a papyrus from Samareia (?) of 1 5 3 or 1 4 2 B . C . ; accused of beating the wife of Sabbataios. 'Itodwa Evpoavvrj, Inscr. 1 4 2 9 . On her gravestone from Alexandria of third century B . c . 'Iwd[vv\rj, 4 2 4 . 1 . In a papyrus from Ptolemais Hermeion of A.D. 8 7 . 'Iwdyyrjs, 472a. 3 ; b. 2 . In a papyrus from Euhemereia of third century A.D. ; pos sibly a J e w ; a donkey-driver. 'Iwdyyrjs, 2 8 . 2 0 . In a papyrus from Samareia of 1 5 5 or 1 4 4 B . C ; s. of Antipatros; a soldier; owned cattle. 'Ico[dwrjs, 407. 4. In an ostrakon from Edfu of first or second century A.D. ; f. of Zosos. *Itovadas (cf. ArroXX[<6vios), 1 2 6 . 1 5 . In a papyrus from Krokodilopolis of 2 2 8 / 7 B . C . ; a resident alien, temporarily in bondage for a debt. 'Iwvadds, 1 2 8 . 1 , 8. In a papyrus from Magdola of 2 1 8 B.C. ; his wife Helladote complained of his behaviour to the Greek authorities. 'Itovadas, 2 4 . 1 9 . In a papyrus from Trikomia of 1 7 4 B.C. ; f. of Ananias.
'IcoorjTr, 4 7 9 . 1 . In a papyrus of third or fourth century A.D. ; the only Jewish banker mentioned in the documents of Roman Egypt; received an order-topay. 'Itborjms, 8 9 . 3. In an ostrakon from Thebes of 1 5 4 B . C . ; f. of Pythangelos. 'I(6or)7ros, Inscr. 1 4 2 7 . On his gravestone from Alexandria of early Ptolemaic period. 'IcoarjTros, 1 0 0 . 5 ; 1 0 1 . 4 ; 1 0 2 . 4. In ostraka from Upper Egypt of 1 5 5 / 4 and 1 5 4 / 3 B . C ; an official dealing with the chaff-tax. 'IiborjTros, 1 3 9 . 5 , 9. In an ostrakon from Edfu of first century B . C . ; a priest; perhaps a member of a Jewish diningclub. 'looaryrros, 406. 2 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of first or second century A.D. 'ItborjTTos, 4 1 4 . 1 , 9. In a papyrus from Oxyrhynchos of A.D. 2 1 ; probably a dealer in linen cloth; made a loan-con tract with an Egyptian linen-weaver. 'I(oar)7Tos, 4 3 3 . 1 . In a papyrus from Philadelpheia of first century A.D. 'I
3 2 9 . 2 ; 3 3 9 . 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of
PROSOPOGRAPHY
OF THE
A.D. 7 2 - 7 4 ; s. of Jason; paid the Jewish tax and the poll-tax. 'IuxrqTros, 2 6 2 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 7 6 ; s. of Jesous; paid the poll-tax.
J E W S IN E G Y P T
183
Kap . . . , 2 9 . 1 1 . In a papyrus from Fayum of mid-second century B . C . ; s. of Dosi theos ; probably a military settler. Kapovpts, 6 5 . 6. In an ostrakon from Thebes of 1 5 1 B . C ; f. of Abdious.
'IwarjTros, 432. Col. I X , 1 9 9 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 1 1 3 ; f. of Mareinos.
Kdoaavopos, 2 2 . 6, 24. In a papyrus from Samareia of 201 B . C . ; f. of Theodotos.
'IaHjrjTros, 1 1 3 . 5 . In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of third or second cen tury B . C ; s. of Menodoros.
KeXxlo-s (cf. -XeA/aa?), 3 3 7 . 1 . In an ostra kon from Edfu of A . D . 1 0 6 ; s. of Damion; paid the poll-tax.
'IooaYj[7Tos, 4 1 6 . 1 2 . In a papyrus from Philadelpheia of A.D. 25 ; f. of N e . . . eion.
KXerrapovs, 204. 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 1 0 6 ; s. of Didymos; paid the Jewish tax.
T[a>o]rj[7Tos, 4 1 6 . 1 3 . In a papyrus from Philadelpheia of A.D. 25 ; f. of . . .psais.
KXeviras, Inscr. 1 5 3 0 B . On her gravestone from Leontopolis; w. of Petos.
4 2 7 . 6. In a papyrus from Apollonias of A.D. I O I ; s. of Soteles.
'/[cuo-Jrpo?,
n
a
'IcoorjTros, 4 2 7 . 3 , 1 8 - 1 9 . I papyrus from Apollonias of A . D . I O I ; s. of Theomnas. 'JajcnJ? (cf. TevfaXos), 4 2 8 . Col. I, 4. In a papyrus from Fayum of A.D. 1 0 1 / 2 ; s. of Dosthon; a sitologos. 'Iooarj(/)os, 2 4 0 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 7 0 - 7 1 ; f. of Aischylos. 'Ia>or}(f>os, 2 4 . 1 0 . In a Trikomia of 1 7 4 B . C . ; f. 'Iwori^os, Inscr. 1 4 8 5 . On from Leontopolis; s. of
papyrus from of Judas. his gravestone Phomounis.
AafioCs, Inscr. i 4 8 6 . On his gravestone from Leontopolis; s. of Petos. Aai..., 408a. 7. In an ostrakon from Edfu of first or second century A.D. Aagainqs, 2 0 . 1 8 , 20. In a papyrus from Tebtynis of 2 2 8 - 2 2 1 B . C ; of the Epi gone ; took a loan from Mousaios, also of the Epigone. Lazarus (Hebr.), Inscr. 1 5 3 4 . In an in scription from Antinoopolis of second century A.D. Aeoov, 4 7 . 3. In a papyrus from Arsinoite district of second century B . C ; f. of Theodora.
Judan (Hebr.), Inscr. 1 5 3 3 . In an inscrip tion from Minieh.
AoXovs, 1 1 3 . 4. In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of third or second cen tury B . C ; f. of Simon.
K..., Inscr. 1 5 0 1 . On his from Leontopolis.
Aorrjts, 1 6 8 . 5 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 7 3 ; d. of Nikias; paid the Jewish tax and the aparchai.
gravestone
KaiKiXXias AKVVT&S, iji. 3; 1 7 9 - ' , 1 8 0 . 1. In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 75 and 8 0 ; a freedman of Sarra; paid the Jewish tax and the aparchai. Kaifitoiv, 2 9 . 6. In a papyrus from Fayum of mid-second century B . C . ; f. of Dosi theos. 1
AOTKIS,
140.
Col.
I,
1;
Col.
II,
15.
In
an
ostrakon from Edfu of 49 B.C. 31. 64. In a papyrus from Fayum of mid-second century B . C . ; s. of Seuthes; a military settler.
AVKOS,
KaXfjs, 4 2 1 . 1 8 3 . In a papyrus from Ar sinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; f. of . . .spas.
Avaifiaxos, 1 3 9 . 3 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of first century B . C . ; perhaps member of a Jewish dining-club.
KaWevs, 3 0 7 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. I O I ; s. of Papios; paid the bath-tax and the police-tax.
Avatpaxos, 3 2 . 4. In a papyrus from Gurob probably of mid-second century B . C ; s. of Abdaios; a military settler.
184
APPENDIX
Avalfiaxos, 1 4 9 . 3 , 2 1 . In a papyrus from Alexandria of 1 0 B . C . ; s. of Theodotos; Persian; member of a loan-society. M..., 3280. 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 1 0 4 ; f. of Jason. Mayias, 5 0 1 . 1 . In a papyrus of fourth century A.D. ; f. of Symeon. Mdpavis, Inscr. 1 5 3 0 D . In an inscription from Leontopolis. Mapeiv, Inscr. 1 5 3 0 C . In an inscription from Leontopolis of 26 B.C. MapeZvos, 432. Col. I X , 1 9 9 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 1 1 3 ; s. of Josepos; probably a dealer in lumber or a craftsman. Mdpda, 1 4 7 . 2 , 6. In a papyrus from Alexandria of 1 4 B . C ; a wet-nurse. Mdpda, 148. 4, 9, 1 3 , 1 8 , 2 5 . In a papyrus from Alexandria of 1 0 B . C . ; a freed woman. Mapia, 227. 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 1 1 6 ; d. of Abietos; paid the Jewish tax. Mapia, 2 2 3 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A . D . 1 1 4 ; d. of Demas; paid the Jewish tax. Mapia, Inscr. 1 5 3 5 . On her gravestone from Antinoopolis; d. of Phamsothis. Mapiafios, 1 9 5 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 1 0 0 ; s. of Simon; paid the Jewish tax. Mdpiv, Inscr. 1 5 1 4 . In an inscription from Leontopolis of 27 B.C. Mdpiov, 40. 4 7 . In a papyrus from Trikomia of end of third or beginning of second century B.C. Mdpiov, 147. 6. In a papyrus from Alexan dria of 1 4 B . C ; perhaps an owner of a slave Martha, a wet-nurse. Mdpiov, Inscr. 1 4 9 8 . On her gravestone from Leontopolis of 5 B.C. Mdpiov, 1 4 9 . 4, 2 2 . In a papyrus from Alexandria of 1 0 B . C ; d. of Isakis; Persian; member of a loan-society. M]dpiov,
28. 2 7 . In a papyrus from
II
Samareia of 1 5 5 or 1 4 4 B . C . ; d. of Jakoubis; owned cattle. Mdpios, 47. 3 . In a papyrus from Arsinoite district of second century B . C ; f. of Leon. Mdpios, 47. 7 . In a papyrus from Arsinoite district of second century B . C ; f. of Sabbataios. MdpKos, 2 6 8 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 7 8 ; s. of Annis; paid the cattletax. MdpKos Ovepios, 2 4 1 . 1 - 2 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 7 1 ; paid the tax of wheat on behalf of Dionysios. Mapovs, 430. 1 1 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 1 0 5 . Mapovs, 1 7 1 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A . D . 7 5 ; d. of Akietos; paid the Jewish tax and the aparchai. Maxdcov, Inscr. 1 5 3 9 . On his gravestone of unknown provenience of A.D. 8 ; s. of Sabbataios and Philoumene. Medvaicov, 406. 3 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of first or second century A.D. Meiovs, 2 0 8 . 1 ; 2 1 9 . 1 ; 228. 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 1 0 7 , 1 0 9 , and 1 1 6 ; s. of Thedetos; paid the Jewish tax. MeXxiojv, 200. 1 ; 2 1 4 . 1 ; 2 1 6 . 2 ; 2 1 8 . 2 ; 2 2 1 . 2 ; 299. 1 ; 300. 1 ; 303. 1 ; 305. 1 ; 3 1 0 . 1 ; 3 1 7 . 1 ; 3 1 8 . 1 ; 3 1 9 . 1 ; 320. 1 ; 323. 1 ; 324. 1 ; 328. 2 ; 3 3 2 . 1 ; 3 3 3 . 1 ; 3 3 8 . 1 ; 3 4 5 - 1 ; 351- 2 ; 3 5 3 . * ; 3 5 6 . 2 ; 358. 2 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 98-101,
103-8,
and
IIO-II ;
s.
of
Pesouris; paid the Jewish tax, polltax, dyke-tax, bath-tax, police-tax, a tax on behalf of assessment (p,epiap,6s), and a tax for the construction of watchtowers. Meweas, 4 1 . 3 . In a papyrus from Fayum or Herakleopolis of mid-second century B . C . ; f. of Sarra. Mipiv, 1 6 3 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A . D . 7 2 ; s. of Iasikos; paid the Jewish tax. Mrjvobtppos, 1 1 3 . 5 . In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of third or second century B.C. ; f. of Josepos.
PROSOPOGRAPHY
OF THE
Inscr. 1 4 5 2 . On his gravestone from Leontopolis; s. of Nethanis. MtXcov, 2 2 . 1 5 , 3 5 . In a papyrus from Samareia of 201 B . C . ; s. of Zosimos; a soldier. MLKKOS,
Mivais, 4 7 6 . In a papyrus from Oxyrhyn chos of late third or early fourth cen tury A.D. ; f. of Isak. MvaolorpofTos, 3 1 . 7 6 . In a papyrus from Fayum of mid-second century B . C . ; f. of Simon. Mvdocov, 2 8 . 1 7 . In a papyrus from Samareia of 1 5 5 or 144 B . C . ; f. of Jason. .. .fxoys, 4 8 . 5 . In an ostrakon from Thebes of 1 7 1 / 1 7 0 B . C ; f. of Abietos. Movoaios, 2 0 . 1 7 . In a papyrus from Tebtynis of 2 2 8 - 2 2 1 B . C . ; s. of Simon; of the Epigone; lent money to Lasaites, also of the Epigone. Mvojdas, 4 1 6 . 1 0 . In a papyrus from Philadelpheia of A.D. 2 5 ; s. of Sam bathion ; a groom; paid the syntaximon. Nadav, 5 0 1 . 5 . In a papyrus of fourth century A.D. ; appears in a list of per sons paying some tax. NaoGfi, 5 0 1 . 8. In a papyrus of fourth century A.D. ; appears in a list of per sons paying some tax. Naphloov, Inscr. 1 5 2 7 . 1 . On a gravestone from Leontopolis of A.D. 3 7 . Ndrav, 1 1 6 . 3 . In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of second century B.C. Neapxos, 4 5 3 . 20. In a papyrus from Hermoupolite district of A . D . 1 3 2 ; f. of Tryphaina. JVe[. .]eia>v, 4 1 6 . 1 2 . In a papyrus from Philadelpheia of A.D. 2 5 ; s. of Josepos; paid the syntaximon. NeOdviv, Inscr. 1 5 1 8 . On her gravestone from Leontopolis. Nedavis, Inscr. 1 4 5 2 . In an inscription from Leontopolis; f. of Mikkos.
J E W S IN E G Y P T
185
NeorrroXepios, 2 3 . 1 0 . In a papyrus from Krokodilopolis of 1 8 2 B . C ; f. of Sostratos. Niyep (cf. ©eoScopos and ©eoSooTOs), 1 6 2 . 1 ; 164. 1 ; 178. 1 ; 243. 1 ; 248. 2 ; 249. 1 ; 269. 1 ; 270. 1 ; 274. 1 ; 2 7 5 . 1 ; 276. 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 6 9 - 7 9 ; s. of Antonius Rufus; paid the Jewish tax, aparchai, poll-tax dyke-tax, bathtax, and police-tax.
Niyep (cf. ©eoScoros), 2$$.1; 257.3; 2$g. 4 ; 2 6 1 . 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 7 4 - 7 6 ; s. of Ptollis; paid the aparchai, poll-tax, dyke-tax, bath-tax, and police-tax. NiKaia 2JiX[/3a]v6s (?), 4 2 3 . In a papyrus from Oxyrhynchos of c. A.D. 8 5 ; d. of Psoubios; bought a house in the Jewish quarter of Oxyrhynchos. NiKavcop, Inscr. 1 4 9 1 . In an inscription from Leontopolis; h. of Eirene. NiKavcop, 2 4 . 2 6 . In a papyrus from Trikomia of 1 7 4 B . c . ; s. of Jason; an 80arourai holder of the first hipparchy. Nixr), Inscr. 1 4 7 2 . On her from Leontopolis.
gravestone
NiKias, 3 7 0 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 96 or 1 1 2 ; f. of . . .as. NiKias, 2 1 1 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 107 ; f. of Jakoubos. NiKias, 1 6 8 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 7 3 ; f. of Loteis. NiKoSeipos, 1 4 2 . 2 , 5 ; 1 4 3 . 4, 1 9 . In papyri from Alexandria of 1 4 and 1 3 B . C ; f. of Alexander and Theodoros. NiKoXaos, Inscr. 1 5 3 1 . In an inscription from Fayum of the Ptolemaic period; f. of Eleazaros. N[i]KpXaos, Inscr. 1509. 2 . In an inscrip tion from Leontopolis; f. of Horaia. NiKOfjiaxos, 1 2 9 . 7, 9 - 1 0 . In a papyrus from Alexandrou Nesos of 2 1 8 B . C ; a synagogue-verger.
NeiXap-pLOiv, 5 0 6 . 1 . In a papyrus from NiKo/x-qSris, Inscr. 1497. On his gravestone from Leontopolis of 6 B . C Hermoupolis of fifth or sixth century A.D. ; a headman of the Jews; paid N[i]Kcov, Inscr. 1499. On his gravestone some tax. from Leontopolis of 4 B.C.
186
APPENDIX
II
NUcov, 1 7 0 . 3 , 5 ; 1 7 2 . i ; 1 7 3 . 5 ; 1 7 4 . 1 ; 'Ovlas, 4 5 3 . 2 1 . In a papyrus from Her175. 1 ; 177. 1 ; 1 8 1 . 3 ; 182. 1 ; 234. 1 moupolite district of A.D. 1 3 2 ; f. of 2 ; 236. 2 ; 237. 1 - 2 ; 238. 1 ; 239. 1 ; Hermaios-Phibion. 240. 2, 5 ; 246. i ; 2 4 7 . 1 ; 249. 3 ; 2 5 2 . .. .oviov, Inscr. 1 4 5 5 . In an inscription 1 ; 2 5 3 . 1 ; 2 5 7 . 1 ; 2 5 9 . 1 ; 260. 1 ; 2 6 3 . from Leontopolis. 1 ; 2 6 6 . 1 ; 2 7 1 . 1 ; 2 7 2 . 1 ; 3 7 3 . 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 6 6 - 8 1 ; s. of 'Oycupajg?, 183a. 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 8 5 ; f. of Terion. Antonius Rufus; paid the Jewish tax, ... os, 4 2 1 . 1 8 8 . In a papyrus from aparchai, poll-tax, dyke-tax, bath-tax, Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; f. of S and police-tax. 1 8 8 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of first century B.C. ; s. of Apellas; paid the Jewish tax and the aparchai.
NLKCOV,
NUcov, Inscr. 1 4 4 7 . In an inscription from Alexandria (?); f. of Artemon. Nowos, Inscr. 1 4 3 5 . In an inscription from Alexandria (?); f. of Samuel-Pist.... NoyfSLcav, 8 6 . 2 . In an ostrakon from Thebes of 1 5 6 and 1 5 5 B.C. ; s. of Onias ; a peasant. N]ovyJjvios, 5 1 5 . 2 , 5 . In a papyrus of first half of second century A.D. ; s. of Petos; probably ev dvaxtoprjoei.
'Opticas, 2 6 7 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A . D . 7 7 - 7 8 ; s. of Pates; re ceived pay for guard-duty. 'Ovr)aifxo[s, Inscr. 1 4 5 7 . In an inscription from Leontopolis of A . D . I O - I I ; f. of Agathokles. 'Ovl[as, 1 3 2 . 1 . In a papyrus from the Serapieion near Memphis of 1 6 4 B . C ; a high government official; addressed in a letter by Herodes the dioiketes; instructed on questions of administra tion, especially on the organization of agricultural work on the estates of the king; perhaps to be identified with Onias IV, the son of the High Priest Onias I I I , the founder of the wellknown 'Temple of Onias' in Leonto polis. See note ad loc.
.. .os, 1 . 6 , 1 7 . In a Palestine papyrus of Zenon of 259 B . c . ; s. of Ananias; Per sian; a cleruch of the troops of Toubias. 'Oaatos, 3 . 8. In a Palestine papyrus of Zenon of 259 B . C Ovippios, 2 9 3 . 6. In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 9 3 - 9 4 ; paid the tax for the construction of watch-towers. IT..., 4o8d. 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of first or second century A.D. ; f. of Pachoumios. IJaa^ws, 4 7 1 . Col. I I . In a papyrus from Sebennytos of third century A.D. ; ap pears in a list of peasants. ndp,i\os, 3 3 1 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 1 0 5 ; s. of Barnabis; paid the poll-tax and the dyke-tax. IlaviflrJKis SzvTre.aop.vs, 3 7 ^ . 1 ; 377*
1 — 2
>
380. 1 - 2 ; 3 8 2 . 1 - 2 ; 3 8 3 . 1 ; 386. 1 - 2 ; 388.1-2 ; 3 8 9 . 1 - 2 ; 3 9 1 . 1 ; 4 0 1 . 1 ; 402;
403. 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 1 6 0 - 5 > - " Achillas Rufus; paid the poll-tax, dyke-tax, police-tax, cattletax, a tax on behalf of assessment (liepiap,6s) and of statue levy. s
OI
Flaovs, 4 6 . 6. In a papyrus from Syrian Village (Fayum) of second or first century B . C . ; s. of Sabbataios; a pot tery owner. IJaovs, Inscr. 1 4 8 9 . 8. In an inscription from Leontopolis; f. of Theon.
'OyLas, 1 3 7 . 1 7 . In a papyrus probably from Herakleopolite district of 50 B . C . ; a minor official.
riaovTiwv, Inscr. 1 5 2 8 . On his gravestone from Leontopolis.
'Ovias, 4 5 1 . In a papyrus from Sesphtha of A.D. 1 2 6 ; f. of Herakleia.
3 z z . 1 ; 3 x 4 . 1 : 3 2 1 . 2 ; 3 4 4 . 2 ; 405. 2. In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 96, 9 9 , 1 0 1 ,
nd-rreios, 2 2 0 . 2 ; 2 9 8 . 2 ; 3 0 4 . 2] 3 0 7 . 1 ;
PROSOPOGRAPHY
OF THE
J E W S IN E G Y P T
187
103-4, 107, n o , and first or second cen tury A.D. ; f. of Jesous-Sambathion, Kalleus, and Ptollas.
1 ; 300. 1 ; 3 0 3 . 1 ; 3 0 5 . 1 ; 3 1 0 . 1 ; 3 1 5 .
Tlartrrioiv, Inscr. 1 5 1 9 . On his gravestone from Leontopolis of 5 B . C
1; 3 3 8 . 1 ; 3 4 1 - ; 3 4 3 - 1 ; 3 4 5 . ; 346. 2 (?); 347. 2 ; 348. 2 ; 349. 2 ; 350. 2 ; 3 5 1 . 2 ; 3 5 2 . 1 ; 3 5 3 . 1 ; 354- 1 ; 355- i; 356. 2 ; 3 5 7 . 1 (?); 358. 2 ; 3 5 9 . 1 ; 360. 1; 3 6 1 . 1 ; 3 6 3 . 2 ; 3 6 4 . 1 , 4 ; 3 6 6 . 1 ; 3 6 7 .
namrlcov, Inscr. 1 5 2 2 . On his gravestone from Leontopolis. IIapa[x6vrj, 473. 4, 1 9 . In a papyrus from Oxyrhynchos of A.D. 2 9 1 ; m. of J a k o b ; enfranchised, together with her chil dren, by the Jewish community of Oxyrhynchos. Jlapis, 9a. 2, 7 ; b. 6 1 1 . In papyri from Philadelpheia of 2 5 3 and 250 B.C. ; most likely a peasant as well as a shepherd dependent on Zenon; ordered by him to supply wool for a mattress. riaTTJLs, 5 1 7 . 3 . In a papyrus from Antinoopolis of early fourth century A.D. ; f. of Isak. IJarrjs, 408c. 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of first century A.D. ; s. of Harbeinos. narrjs, 267. 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 7 7 - 7 8 ; f. of Omazas.
1 ; 3 1 7 . 1 ; 318. 1 ; 319. 1 ; 320. 1 ; 3 2 3 . 1 ; 324. 1 ; 328. 2 ; 332. 1 ; 333. 1 ; 3 3 5 . 1
1
1 ; 3 7 2 . 2 ; 405. 3 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 9 2 - 1 1 4 ; s. of Jason Philon; paid the poll-tax, dyke-tax, bath-tax, policetax, a tax on behalf of assessment (p,€piap.6s), and a tax for the construc tion of watch-towers. L7eo[o]vpis, 452a. 6. In a papyrus from Upper Egypt (?) of second century A . D . ; s. of Annaios; paid a sum on behalf of Ismaelos, in a paymentaccount from an estate. JTer..., 4 0 7 . 4 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of first or second century A . D . ; f. of Thatres. rieravs, 2 4 2 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 7 1 ; f. of Dosas.
narrjs, 2 1 0 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 1 0 7 ; s. of S a . . . ; paid the Jewish tax.
IJeravs, 3 2 2 . 1 ; 3 2 6 . 1 ; 3 3 0 . 1 ; 3 6 8 . 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 1 0 4 - 5 d 1 1 5 ; s. of Thaumasios; paid the polltax and dyke-tax.
IJaTTjs, 279. 1 ; 292. 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 82 and 9 3 ; f. of Sambathion and Akietos.
Z7eT[e]x• • •, 4 3 3 . 2 . In a papyrus from Philadelpheia of first century A . D . ; S. of Sampsaios.
IIaxovp,ios, 408^. 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of first century A.D. ; s. of P . . . .
IJercos, 4 1 7 . 4, 2 4 . In a papyrus from Babylon (Heliopolite district) of A.D. 5 9 ; s. of Helkias; Persian of the Epi gone ; took from a Roman cavalryman a loan disguised as a deposit.
TIaxovp.i\s, 4080:. 3 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of first or second century A.D. IJaxpar-qs, 8 1 . 5 . In an ostrakon from Thebes of 1 5 7 B.C. ; f. of Dositheos. ITeprjT, 5 1 1 . 3 , 6. In a papyrus from Antinoopolis of second half of the sixth century (c. A.D. 5 7 0 ) ; s. of Iouab; hired a shop for dyeworks in the southern agora of Antinoopolis. niproXXos, 1 3 4 . 1 8 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of late second century B . C . ; probably a J e w ; representative of a synagogue. Tleaovpis, 200. 1 ; 2 1 4 . 1 ; 2 1 5 . 1 ; 2 1 6 . 2 ; 2 1 7 . 1 ; 2 1 8 . 2 , 3 ; 2 2 1 . 2 ; 288. 1 ; 299.
a n
Tlerdos, Inscr. 1 5 3 0 B . In an inscription from Leontopolis; h. of Kleupas. riercos, Inscr. i486. In an inscription from Leontopolis; f. of Labois. Tlercos, 5 1 5 . 2 , 5 . In a papyrus of first half of second century A . D . ; f. of Noumenios. IJivas, 4 2 . 9. In a papyrus of 1 5 2 or 1 4 1 B . c . ; f. of Sambathaios. IloXXia Mapia, 462a. 4 - 5 ; b. 3 ; c. 1 ; d. 3 ; e. 4 ; / . 6 ; g. 4 - 5 ; h. 4 - 5 . In ostraka from Thebes of A . D . 1 5 0 , 1 5 5 , 1 5 7 - 8 , 1 6 0 - 1 ;
i88
APPENDIX
II
paid arrears for some taxes and quanti ties of wheat in the public granary; perhaps owned and leased some land.
TITOXX&S,
IJoXXovs, 8 0 . 3 . In an ostrakon from Thebes of 1 5 7 B . C ; s. of Abdaios; a peasant.
IJTOXX&S,
IJptoToydvrjg, 2 3 . 9. In a papyrus from Krokodilopolis of 182 B . C ; f. of Apollonios. Tlpcorovs, 4 2 1 . 1 6 5 , 2 0 1 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; s. of Simon; paid the Jewish tax. ripjajTovs, 4 2 1 . 1 9 8 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; s. of Theodoros; paid the Jewish tax. Inscr. 1 4 9 3 . On his gravestone from Leontopolis of 2 3 B.C.
TIT€^ICOV,
TlroXepiaios, 2 4 . 1 1 . In a papyrus from Trikomia of 1 7 4 B . C . ; f. of Agathokles. TlroXep-aios, 3 5 . 1 3 . In a papyrus from Fayum of 2 5 9 / 2 5 8 B . C . ; s. of Ananias; probably a peasant.
3 1 4 . 1 ; 3 4 4 . 2 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 103 and 1 0 7 ; s. of Papios; paid the poll-tax. 4 2 1 . 1 6 4 , 189, 1 9 2 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; s. of Philiskos, h. of Euterpe. 4786. In an ostrakon from Karanis of late third century A.D. ; s. of Tobias; appears in a list of persons, most of them peasants.
TITOXX&S,
IJTOXXIS,
2 5 4 . 1 ; 257. 3 - 4 ; 2 5 9 . 4 ; 2 6 1 . 2.
In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 7 4 - 7 6 ; s. of Antonius Rufus. 1 8 6 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 8 9 ; s. of Thedetos; paid the Jewish tax and the aparchai.
IJTOXXLS,
2 8 1 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 8 8 ; s. of Philon; paid the poll-tax, dyke-tax, and bath-tax.
IJTOXXLOJV,
4 2 1 . 1 8 6 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; w. of Theodoros.
IJTOXXOVS,
riroXepiaLos, Inscr. 1 4 4 3 . In an inscription from Athribis of second or first century B . C . ; s. of Epikydes; linaTdrrjs rcov cf>vXaKLTa>v; dedicated a synagogue.
IJvddyyeXos, 8 9 . 2 . In an ostrakon from Thebes of 1 5 4 B . C ; S. of Josepis; a peasant.
JTroAe/xaio?,
Inscr. 1 5 3 8 . In an inscription from Upper Egypt; s. of Dionysios.
'PaxrjXis, Inscr. 1 5 1 3 . On her gravestone from Leontopolis.
nroXepiatos, 428. Col. I I , 7. In a papyrus from Fayum of A.D. 1 0 1 / 2 ; s. of Dosi theos ; a sitologos.
.. .pios, Inscr. 1 4 3 7 . In an inscription from Alexandria of the Roman period.
TIvpeLcov, Inscr. 1 5 2 5 . On his gravestone from Leontopolis. nroXefiatos (cf. ALovpos), 4 5 9 . Col. I X , 1 . In a papyrus from Fayum of A.D. 1 4 9 ; IIvppos, 8 4 . 3 . In an ostrakon from s. of Didymos; paid the land-tax col Thebes of 1 5 7 B . C . ; f. of Dositheos. lected from the katoikoi of Bernikis.
IlToXe[p,aios, 3 1 . 7 8 . In a papyrus from Fayum of mid-second century B . C . ; f. of Dositheos.
'P. .A10, Inscr. 1 4 6 1 . In an inscription from Leontopolis.
'Poo-vvrj, 5 1 1 . 4. In a papyrus from Antinoopolis of second half of the sixth nT[oXep,~\qZos, 4 2 8 . Col. I, 8. In a papyrus century (c. A.D. 5 7 0 ) ; m. of Peret. from Fayum of A.D. I O I J2; f. of Elea- 'Pova, Inscr. 1 4 3 8 . On her gravestone from zaros. Alexandria of late-Roman period; d. of TlToXepbalos, 9 6 . 5 - 6 . In an ostrakon from Borouch. Ombos of third or second century B . C . ; f. of Sabdaios. U..., Inscr. 1460. On her gravestone from TlroXepiaios, 4 2 1 . 1 6 5 , 2 0 1 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; f. of Simon. riroXep-aios, 4 2 1 . 1 7 3 , 1 9 5 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; f. of Theodoros.
Leontopolis. .. .s 4 2 8 . Col. I I , 9. In a papyrus from Fayum of A . D . 1 0 1 / 2 ; s. of Isakis; a sitologos.
PROSOPOGRAPHY
OF THE
JEWS
IN E G Y P T
189
. 4 2 2 . 5 . In a papyrus from Oxy rhynchos of A.D. 7 7 ; s. of Jakoubos; steersman of a cargo boat.
ZafifiaraZos, Inscr. 1 5 2 4 . In an inscription from Leontopolis of 1 B . C ; f. of Dosthion.
Z..., 4 2 1 . 1 8 8 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; d. of . . .os; paid the Jewish tax.
ZafifiaTaZos, Inscr. 1 5 3 9 . In an inscription of unknown provenience of A.D. 8 ; f. of Machaon, h. of Philoumene.
Za..., 2 1 0 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 107 ; f. of Pates.
ZapparaZos, 46. 1 . In a papyrus from Syrian Village (Fayum) of second or first century B . C ; s. of Horos; a potter; ZaftaOLs, 34. 1 . In a papyrus from Fayum made an agreement with some Egyp of third century B . C ; probably wife of tians for joint use of a pottery; il a peasant. literate. Ua^adooLs, 39. 49. In a papyrus from Fayum of third century B . C . ; f. of ZapParaZos, 46. 6. In a papyrus from Syrian Village (Fayum) of second or Idellas. first century B . C ; f. of Paous. ZaflaraLs, 44. 6 1 . In a papyrus from ZaPparaZos, Inscr. 1 4 6 9 . On his grave Fayum of 99/98 B . C . ; f. of Horos. stone from Leontopolis; s. of Somoelos. Z]afifiadaZos, 30. 9. In a papyrus from ZaP]Parats, Inscr. 1 4 8 3 . On his gravestone Fayum of mid-second century B . C . ; from Leontopolis; s. of Ekdemos. probably f. of a member of a military unit. Zappdnov, Inscr. 1 5 2 6 . On her gravestone from Leontopolis. Zappddiov, Inscr. 1 5 1 6 . On her gravestone from Leontopolis of A.D. 5 . ZaPParloov, Inscr. 1 4 7 0 . On his gravestone from Leontopolis. Zappddiov, 47. 6. In a papyrus from Arsinoite district of second century ZapSaZos, 96. 5 . In an ostrakon from OmB . c ; d. of Aristippos; probably a land bos of third or second century B . C ; s. holder. of Ptolemaios; a peasant. Zappddiov, 47. 7. In a papyrus from the Arsinoite district of second century B . C ; d. of Sabbaios; probably a land holder.
Z]a.pZvos, 4 2 1 . 1 8 7 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 73 ; f. of Sambathion. ZaKa$ (?), 1 7 9 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 8 0 ; f. of Sarra.
Zdppados, Inscr. 1 4 7 1 . On his gravestone ZaXdfuvis, 8 5 . 4. In an ostrakon from from Leontopolis of 4 B.C. Thebes of 1 5 6 B . C . ; f. of Theochrestos. ZafSfiatos, 47. 7. In a papyrus from the Arsinoite district of second century ZdXapus, Inscr. 1 4 5 9 . On her gravestone from Leontopolis. B . C ; f. of Sabbathion. ZapParaZ, Inscr. 1 5 2 7 . 5 . On a gravestone ZaXfxcbv, 45. 8. In a papyrus from Fayum of early first century B . C ; probably a from Leontopolis of A.D. 3 7 . peasant. ZafifiaraZos, Inscr. 1 5 2 9 . On his gravestone in Leontopolis; originally from ZaXoofxr), 1 5 6 ^ . 1 1 . Probably the sister of Herod. Teberkythis. Zafia..., 407. 2 . In an ostrakon from ZafiParaZos, 1 3 3 . 2 . In a papyrus from Edfu of first or second century A . D . Samareia (?) in Fayum of 1 5 3 or 1 4 2 B . C ; a hired labourer; accused Johanna of beating his wife. ZaPP[a]raZos, Inscr. 1 4 8 1 . In an inscrip tion from Leontopolis; f. or h. of A. .this.
ZandrjXos, 24. 2 4 . In a papyrus from Trikomia of 1 7 4 B . C . ; s. of Joanes; of the Epigone. Zafjidr/Xos (cf. ©eoScopos), 24. 2 5 . In a papyrus from Trikomia of 1 7 4 B . C . ; s.
APPENDIX
190
of Theodoros; an 80-arourai holder of the first hipparchy. ZajifSadatos, 5 1 . 5 ; 5 2 . 3 ; 5 3 . 4; 5 4 . 3 ; 5 5 . 4 ; 5 6 . 3 ; 5 7 - 4 ; 5 8 . 3 ; 5 9 - 3 ; 60. 4. In ostraka from Thebes of 1 5 5 and 1 5 4 B.C. ; a tax-farmer of ferry-tax. Sa^adalos, 9 7 . 4. In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of late third or early second century B.C. ZaixfiadlaZos, 1 0 3 . 5 . In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of end of second or first century B . C . ; an official of the chaff-tax. Zafxfiadalos, 1 2 2 . 1 (see Vol. i, p. 201 s.v.). In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of the Ptolemaic period; probably an offi cial or an employee on a private estate. Zafxpadaios, 87. 3 ; 1 1 7 . 1 . In ostraka from Thebes of 1 5 4 B . C . ; s. of Abietes; a peasant. Uafifladatos, 2 8 . 9. In a papyrus from Samareia of 1 5 5 or 1 4 4 B . C . ; f. of . . . eos. Zaji^adatos, 3 2 7 . 1 ; 3 6 9 . 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 1 0 4 - 5 d 1 1 6 ; f. of . . .on. a n
Uanfiadatos, 4 2 . 9. In a papyrus of 1 5 2 or 1 4 1 B . C . ; s. of Pinas. Sa^adalos, 1 1 8 . 4. In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of second century B . C . ; f. of Simon. 27a//,/?a0ar<(o>s, 4 0 5 . 6. In an ostrakon from Edfu of first or second century A.D. ; s. of Simon. EaiifiadaZos, 6 4 . 3 ; 1 0 4 . 4 (see Vol. i, pp. 201 sq., s.v.). In ostraka from Thebes of 1 5 6 and 1 5 3 B . C . ; s. of Sollumis; a land-owner. ZanpaOatos, 2 8 . 1 6 . In a papyrus from Samareia of 1 5 5 or 1 4 4 B . C . ; s. of Theo doros ; a soldier; owned cattle. ZaixfSadefos ?), 1 1 5 . 2 . In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of second century B.C.
II
SafjL^dOiov, 2 8 . 2 6 . In a papyrus from Samareia of 1 5 5 or 1 4 4 B . c . ; d. of Jonathas; owned cattle. Uaix^[d]6[iov, 4 2 1 . 1 8 7 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; d. of Sabinos; paid the Jewish tax. 2Ja/x/?]a0i[cov, 4 1 6 . 24. In a papyrus from Philadelpheia of A.D. 2 5 . 27aju,j8a0(ian>?), 4 2 1 . 1 8 8 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 . £afjL[f3aditov, 2 2 2 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. i n ; f. of Aienas. Zaiifiaditov, 1 4 4 . 3 - 4 , 1 7 . In a papyrus from Alexandria of 1 3 B . C . ; f. of Apollonia. 27a/Aj8a0iW, 2 6 5 . 1 - 2 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 7 7 ; f. of Aristomenes. ZanPadltov, 4 1 1 . 6, 3 0 , v. In a papyrus from Philadelpheia of A.D. 3 ; s. of Dionysios; Persian of the Epigone; took a loan of six artabai of barley; illiterate. Zafxpadltov, 4 2 8 . Col. I I , 1 1 . In a papyrus from Fayum of A.D. 1 0 1 / 2 ; s. of Jakoubos; a sitologos. ZafxpaOltov, 1 9 7 . 1 ; 3 1 3 . 2 ; 3 3 9 . 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 1 0 2 - 3 l 1 0 6 ; s. of Josepos; paid the Jewish tax, poll-tax, police-tax, and a tax for the construction of watch-towers. a n (
ZayLfiadltov, 4 1 6 . 1 0 . In a papyrus from Philadelpheia of A.D. 2 5 ; f. of Mysthas. Zafx^adliov (cf. 'Irjoovs), 2 2 0 . I ; 2 9 8 . I ; 304. 1 ; 3 1 1 . 1 ; 3 2 1 . 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 96, 99, 1 0 1 , 104, and n o ; s. of Papeios; paid the Jewish tax, polltax, dyke-tax, and bath-tax. ZanPadltov, 2 7 9 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 8 2 ; s. of Pates; paid the poll-tax. ZafjLfSaOCcov, 4 1 3 . 3 9 . In a papyrus from Tebtynis of A.D. 1 6 ; s. of Sambathion; lent a hundred drachmai at the usual rate of interest.
Za/xPadelos, 409. 2 . In an ostrakon from Euhemereia (Fayum) of 3 B . C . ; paid the bath-tax.
ZafijSadlwv, 4 1 3 . 3 9 . In a papyrus from Tebtynis of A.D. 1 6 ; f. of Sambathion.
ZauPddiov, Inscr. 1500. On her gravestone from Leontopolis of A.D. 4.
Za/AjScuo?, Inscr. 1 4 7 6 . In an inscription from Leontopolis of A.D. I ; f. of Jesous.
PROSOPOGRAPHY
OF THE
JEWS
IN E G Y P T
191
4 1 2 . 7 . In a papyrus from Hermoupolis Magna of A.D. 8 / 9 ; owned sheep.
Sakax; from a family which was in possession of Roman citizenship; had a freedman.
Zapfiajaios, 1 1 4 . 2 . In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of second century B.C. ; s. of Asibis. Zafifiovs, 4 2 1 . 1 8 5 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; m. of Dosarion.
Zappa, 4 1 . 3 . In a papyrus from Fayum or Herakleopolis of mid-second century B . c . ; d. of Menneas; probably an owner of a vineyard in Fayum or Herakleo polis.
Zdfxivos, 9 3 . 3 . In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of 1 2 1 B.C. ; f. of Aristoboulos.
Zdxeios (cf.Ar)p,ds), 2 2 3 . 2 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 1 1 4 ; f. of Maria.
Za/u,jSaTar[o]s,
Zap,or)Xis, 1 4 . 2 , 1 5 ; 1 5 . 2 6 , 4 1 . In a papyrus from Philadelpheia of 2 4 1 B.C. ; a vine-dresser; farmed together with Alexander a 60-arourai vineyard belonging to Zenon and Sostratos; delivered to the head of the police of Philadelpheia a declaration concerning theft of reed canes from the vineyard ; 1 4 . 2 , 1 5 . In a papyrus of 240 B.C. also from Philadelpheia; letter from Zenon to Sostratos dealing with same men and their troubles; 1 5 . 26, 4 1 .
Zefedaiis, Inscr. 1 4 7 4 . On his gravestone from Leontopolis. Zefitddjis, Inscr. 1484. On his gravestone from Leontopolis; s. of Psonsneus. ZeXepicov, 1 9 8 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 1 0 2 - 3 ; s. of Emanos; paid the Jewish tax. Zep.6oLs, 5 1 5 . 3 , 6. In a papyrus of first half of second century A.D. ; m. of Noumenios. ZevTreap.vs, 3 7 9 . 1 ; 3 8 1 . 1 ; 3 8 5 . 1 ; 3 9 0 . 1 ; 397- i 3 9 - » 400- i- In ostraka of A.D. 1 5 9 - 6 0 , 1 6 2 , and 1 6 4 ; s. of Achillas Rufus; paid the poll-tax and other taxes. 1
ZafiorjXos, 1 1 2 . 6. In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of third century B . C . ; probably a peasant. n
ZafiovrjX (cf. Bop&xolplas}), Inscr. 1 4 3 5 . I an inscription from Alexandria (?); s. of A l . . . ; had nine children.
Za/jiTradaios, 1 1 9 . 3 . In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of 1 9 1 or 190 B.C. Z[a]ixi(iaios, 4 3 3 . 2 . In a papyrus from Philadelpheia of first century A.D. ; f. of Petech.... ZapufiLKog, 5 1 3 . 5 . In a papyrus from Hermoupolis of A.D. 5 8 6 ; f. of Aurelios Joustos; a Samaritan.
Zzv-nzTzodevs,
8
1
3 7 5 . 1 ; 378. 2 ; 384. 1 ; 387.
1 ; 3 9 2 . 1 ; 3 9 3 . 1 ; 3 9 4 . 1 ; 395- *; 396.
1 ; 3 9 9 . 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 151,
1 5 6 , 1 5 8 , 1 5 9 , and
161-5;
s.
of
Achillas Rufus; paid the poll-tax, winetax, a tax on hetairai (?), a tax on behalf of the Imperial assessment con cerning statues, and other taxes. Zevdrfs, 3 1 . 63. In a papyrus from Fayum of mid-second century B . C . ; s. of Dosi theos ; a military settler.
Zevdrjs, 4 2 1 . 1 7 3 , 1 9 5 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; s. of Theodoros; paid the Jewish tax. Ze(f)ddcs, 1 3 9 . 4 . In an ostrakon from Edfu Zdpa, 2 6 . 1 3 . In a papyrus from Fayum of of first century B . C . ; perhaps member 1 7 2 / 1 7 1 B . C ; d. of Apol of a Jewish dining-club. Zappa, 3 7 8 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu Zeaos, 3 8 . 2 , 5 , 8, v. In a papyrus from of A . D . 1 6 2 . Krokodilopolis of 2 1 8 B . C . ; a shepherd Zappa, 4 2 7 . 7. In a papyrus from Apol (?) or owner of sheep (?). lonias of A.D. I O I . Zlfxov, 500. 2 . In a papyrus of fourth Zappa, 1 7 1 . 4 ; 1 7 9 . 1 ; 1 8 0 . 2 . In ostraka century A.D. ; appears in an account of from Edfu of A.D. 7 5 and 8 0 ; d. of wine.
Zavipdnos, n o . i. In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of second century B . c . ; a payer of a tax on date-trees.
192
APPENDIX
II
Ui/jLorepa, Inscr. 1 4 3 0 . On her gravestone from Alexandria of early Ptolemaic period; d. of Heliodoros; Sidonian.
Zifxcov, 1 1 3 . 4. In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of third or second century B . C ; s. of Lolous.
Uifioov, 2,e. 22. In a Palestine papyrus of Zenon of 259 B . C ; probably a Jew.
Zifxcov, 1 9 5 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A . D . 1 0 0 ; f. of Mariamos.
SlfMcov, 103. 3 . In an ostrakon from Upper Zifxcov, 3 1 . 76. In a papyrus from Fayum Egypt of end of second or first century of mid-second century B . C . ; s. of B . C ; a payer of chaff-tax. Mnasistratos; a military settler. ZLjioiv, 1 0 8 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Thebes Zifxcov, 2 0 . 1 7 . In a papyrus from Tebtynis of 1 5 5 / 1 5 4 B . C ; a payer of pasture-tax. of 2 2 8 - 2 2 1 B . C ; f. of Mousaios. Zlficov, 1 2 3 . 3 . In an ostrakon from Upper Zifxcov, 4 2 1 . 1 6 5 , 1 8 5 , 2 0 1 . Inapapyrusfrom Egypt of second century B . C Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; s. of Ptolemaios. Uifjicov, 1 2 4 . 5 . In an ostrakon from Upper Zifxcov, 1 1 8 . 4. In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of late second century B . C Egypt of second century B . C . ; s. of Zlfxcov, 452a. 8. In a papyrus from Upper Sambathaios; probably a peasant. Egypt (?) of second century A.D. ; paid Zifxcov, 405. 6. In an ostrakon from Edfu a sum on behalf of Ismaelos, in a pay of first or second century A.D. ; f. of ment-account from an estate. Sambathaios. Zifxcov, 7 3 . 5. In an ostrakon from Thebes Zifxcov, 3 2 . 2 . In a papyrus from Gurob of 162 B . C ; s. of Abdious; a peasant. probably of mid-second century B . C . ; ZI/JLCOV, 1 0 1 . 2 , 6. In an ostrakon from s. of Simon; a military settler. Upper Egypt of 1 5 4 / 1 5 3 - C ; s. of Zifxcov, 3 2 . 2 . In a papyrus from Gurob Abietos; a payer of chaff-tax. probably of mid-second century B . C . ; Zi/xcov, 223. 4. In an ostrakon from Edfu f. of Simon. of A . D . 1 1 4 ; s. of Demas; paid the Zifxcov, 94. 2 . In an ostrakon from Thebes Jewish tax. of 97 B . C ; f. of Soloktos. Ulixcov, 99. 8. In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of 1 5 5 or 1 4 4 B . C ; s. of Dexi- Sitorah (Hebr.), Inscr. 1 5 3 6 . On her grave stone from Middle Egypt. phanes; an official of the chaff-tax. B
i
ELfxtov, 1 6 1 . 1 ; 167. 1 ; 2 3 1 . 1 ; 233. 1 ; Zofirais, 405. 5. In an ostrakon from Edfu 273. 1. In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 5 6 of first or second century A.D. ; s. of and 6 7 ; s. of Dionys; paid the poll-tax. Aulaios. El\itov, 3 2 . 5 . In a papyrus from Gurob probably of mid-second century B . C . ; f. of Dioskourides.
ZoXXalos (or ZdXafus), 67. 4 ; 68. 4. In ostraka from Thebes of 1 5 0 or 1 3 9 B . C ; f. of Apollonios (?). Cf. Vol. i, p. 200 s.v. 64. 3 ; 104. 4. In ostraka from ZiyiLov, 88. 3 . In an ostrakon from Thebes ZOWOV/JUS, Thebes of 1 5 6 or 1 5 3 B . C ; f. of Sam of 1 5 4 B . C ; s. of Hermias; a peasant. bathaios. Zliitov, 9 1 . 3 ; 9 2 . 3 . In ostraka from Thebes ZOXOKTOS, 94. 2 (see Vol. i, p. 202 s.v.). In of 1 5 3 B . C ; s. of Horaios; a peasant. an ostrakon from Thebes of 97 B . C ; s. Z[lfj.]cov, 464.4. In a papyrus from Fayum of Simon; probably a peasant. of second century A.D. ; s. of Horion; a ZofxoelXos (?), 459. Col. I X , 1 . In a papyrus tenant-farmer. from Fayum of A.D. 1 4 9 ; w. of DidymosZifxcov, 6 1 . 3 ; 62. 3 ; 63. 4; 90. 3 ; 107. 2 , Ptolemaios; paid the land-tax for her 9 (see Vol. i, p. 202 s.v.). In ostraka of husband. 154, 1 5 3 , and 1 5 2 B . C ; s. of Iazaros; a tax-farmer of fisher's-tax and a well-to- Zoixo7jX[is, 1 2 . 1. In a papyrus from do peasant; illiterate. Philadelpheia probably of the reign
PROSOPOGRAPHY
OF THE
of Philadelphos; a guard; worked pri vately for Zenon and the village of Philadelpheia (guarding granaries); could not make a living out of it. Uofior/Xos, Inscr. 1 4 5 1 . 6 . On his gravestone from Leontopolis; s. of Doras.
JEWS
IN E G Y P T
193
his son before his enrolment in the list of poll-tax payers; took an oath in the name of the Emperor. Zuxf>pcov, 1 4 6 . 5 , 6 , 1 7 , 36, 5 5 . In a papyrus from Alexandria of 1 3 B . C . ; s. of . . . archos; Persian of the Epigone.
Uofior/Xos, Inscr. 1 4 6 9 . In an inscription from Leontopolis; f. of Sabbataios.
Ta..., 5 1 7 . 3 . In a papyrus from Anti noopolis of early fourth century A.D. ; m. of Isak.
ZovXis, 9 9 . 5 . In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of 1 5 5 or 1 4 4 B.C. ; f. of Horos.
Taovriv, Inscr. 1 5 2 0 . On his gravestone from Leontopolis of 3 B . C
Zovpovs, 508. 9 - 1 0 . In a papyrus from Antinoopolis of A.D. 5 4 2 ; f. of Aurelios Josephios.
TeXovfas, 2 1 . 1 0 . In a papyrus from Apol lonias of 2 1 0 B.C. ; f. of Timaios.
...anas, 4 2 1 . 1 8 3 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; s. of Kales.
Terevnov, Inscr. 1 5 2 7 . 3 . On a gravestone from Leontopolis of A.D. 3 7 .
ZrofJTis, Inscr. 1 4 9 6 . In an inscription from Leontopolis; f. of Dositheos.
Tevfaa, Inscr. 1 5 0 6 . On her gravestone from Leontopolis.
Erpdrtov (cf. 'IoaKis), 4 2 8 . Col. I, 7. In a papyrus from Fayum of A.D. 1 0 1 / 2 ; a sitologos.
T€V(f>iXa, Inscr. 1 5 0 2 . In an inscription from Leontopolis; w. of Dosas.
Urpdroov, 7 7 . 3 ; 7 8 . 3 . In ostraka from Thebes of 1 5 8 and 1 5 5 B . c . ; s. of Straton; a peasant.
TevfaXos, 1 3 9 . 1 0 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of first century B . C ; perhaps member of a Jewish dining-club.
UrpaTcov, 7 7 . 4; 7 8 . 3 ; 7 9 . 3 . In ostraka from Thebes of 1 5 8 , 1 5 5 , and 1 5 1 B.C. ; f. of Straton.
TevfaX[os, 406. 2 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of first or second century A.D. TevfaXos, 4 3 1 . 1 5 - 1 6 . In a papyrus from Fayum of c. A.D. n o ; forced by the government to perform some landwork.
ZvXa{x( ) , 4 3 0 . i 2 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 1 0 5 . Uv/xeoov, 5 0 1 . 1 . In a papyrus of fourth century A.D. ; s. of Magias; appears in a list of persons paying some tax.
TevfaXos, Inscr. 1 4 7 7 . On his gravestone from Leontopolis; s. of Arseion.
Zcpaiflios, 1 3 0 . 20. In a papyrus from Ibion Argaiou of 1 8 3 B . C ; a govern ment official.
TevfaXos (cf. 'Icoofjs), 4 2 8 . Col. I, 4. In a papyrus from Fayum of A.D. 1 0 1 / 2 ; s. of Dosthon; a sitologos.
Ecoolfiios, 2 4 . 2 4 . In a papyrus from Trikomia of 1 7 4 B . C ; f. of Thraseas.
TevfaXos, 1 6 1 . 1 ; 1 6 7 . 1 ; 2 9 7 . 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 7 2 - 7 3 ; s. of Simon; paid the Jewish tax and the aparchai. TevfaXos, 2 9 7 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 95 or I I I ; s. of Teuphilos; paid the poll-tax.
Zcbarparos, 2 2 5 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 1 1 5 ; f. of Arsous. Zcoarparos, 2 3 . 1 0 , 1 7 , 1 8 , 2 1 , 26, 28, 3 5 . In a papyrus from Krokodilopolis of 1 8 2 B . C ; s. of Neoptolemos; of the Epi gone ; secured from Apollonios a large loan without interest.
Tr)pta>v, 1 8 3 a . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 8 5 ; s. of Onoratos; paid the Jewish tax and the aparchai.
UwreX-qs, 4 2 7 . 3 , 1 8 . In a papyrus from Apollonias of A.D. I O I ; S. of Josepos; notified the royal scribe of the death of
Tifiipios 'IovXios AXe^avopos, see 'IovXios TiBepios, AXe^avhpos. o
i 4 9
APPEND I X
Tipaios, 2 1 . 1 0 . In a papyrus from Apollonias of 2 1 0 B . C . ; s. of Telouphis; of the Epigone; accused of taking part in robbing a vineyard of Peitholaos. Ti/xoKparris, 4 5 5 . 4. In a papyrus from Theadelpheia of A.D. 1 3 7 ; s. of Apion; acted as guardian of his mother Isakous in a complaint of theft. TifioXeos, 2 2 . 1 4 , 1 6 , 3 5 , 3 7 . In a papyrus from Samareia of 2 0 1 B . C ; f. of Hieroous. In an ostrakon from Karanis of late third century A.D. ; f. of Ptollas.
Tofilas, 4 7 8 6 .
Tovfiias, 1 . 6, 7, 8, 1 4 , 1 7 , 1 9 ; 2b. 8 ; c. 2, 1 8 ; d. Col. I l l , 1 7 , Col. I X , 1 0 , 1 5 ; 4. i, v ; 5 . 1 , 9, v. In papyri of 259 and 257 B . C ; of a very ancient family whose origins can be traced to the pre-exilic times; one of his ancestors, also named Toubias, was a political opponent of Nehemiah; the Toubias mentioned in our papyri was an important person in his country; kept good relations with the Greek government in Alexandria; held the position of the head of a mili tary cleruchy whose centre was Birta of Ammanitis (in Transjordan, com monly identified with the place known today as 'Arak el Emir'); was both the chief of a local 'tribe' and an official of the Egyptian king; his post certainly a responsible one, the land of Ammanitis being situated on the border of the desert—an easy target for the unruly Arab tribes; supplied in 2 5 9 B . C the travelling party of Zenon and his col leagues with a quantity of wheat (2b); his men and beasts of burden partici pated in the journey of the Greeks (2c and d); sent in 257 B . C a gift of rare animals to the king and Apollonios (4 and 5 ) . His son Joseph farmed the whole of the taxes due to the Ptolemaic king from southern Syria; reached a position in Jerusalem second only to that of the high priest; died probably about the time when Palestine became once again a bone of contention be tween the Ptolemies and the Seleucids (201 B . C ) ; Joseph's younger son, Hyr-
II
kanos, apparently a loyal supporter of the Ptolemies; committed suicide when Antiochus IV Epiphanes ascended the throne of Syria; his elder brothers shifted their devotion to the Seleucids; known in Jewish history as the first and most radical adherents of Greek culture; tried to change the traditional form of Jewish life into the pattern of a superficial oriental Hellenism; the re vival of national sentiments in the time of the Hasmonaeans put an end to the Hellenistic movement; no further in formation available on the fate of the family of the Toubiads. See the lit. cited in Vol. i, p. 1 1 8 , n. 4. Tovftias, 1 7 . 1 . In a papyrus from Phila delpheia (?) of mid-third century B . C . ; probably not to be identified with his namesake from the Ammanitis. Tpvaiva, Inscr. 1463. In an inscription from Leontopolis; m. of Eiras. Tpvcf>aiva, 4 5 3 . 20. In a papyrus from Hermoupolite district of A.D. 1 3 2 ; d. of Nearchos; owned katoikic land around Psobthonpilalis in the lower Peri Polin toparchy; two villagers of Magdola Mires applied for the lease of i t ; illiterate. Tpr$(f>ai[va, 4 2 1 . 1 8 3 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; d. of . . . spas; paid the Jewish tax. l
Tpvas, 1 7 0 . 4 ; 1 7 2 . 1 ; 1 7 3 - 5 ; 75- 1 ; 177. 1 ; 1 8 1 . 2; 182. 1 ; 236. 1 ; 237. 1 ; 238. 1 ; 240. 2 ; 2 4 7 . 1 ; 260. 1 ; 2 7 2 . 1 ;
3 7 3 . 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 6 9 72 and 7 5 - 8 1 ; s. of Nikon; a peasant; paid the Jewish tax, aparchai, a tax in kind (wheat) from the crop, a tax for land-survey, and bath-tax. Tpva>v, 1 5 1 . 2 . In a papyrus from Alexan dria of 5/4 B . C ; f. of Helenos; Alexan drian. Tpvtf>aiv, 1 0 6 . 2 - 3 . In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of 1 5 2 B . C ; s. of Theo doros ; a land-owner or a shepherd. Tpvtov, 1 4 9 . 4, 2 3 . In a papyrus from Alexandria of 1 0 B.C. ; s. of Theodotos; Persian; member of a loan-society.
PROSOPOGRAPHY
OF THE
J E W S IN E G Y P T
195
Tvx > % • 8 - In a papyrus from Samareia of 1 5 5 or 1 4 4 B.C. ; f. of Dositheos.
tPiXovpevr), Inscr. 1 5 3 9 . In an inscription of unknown provenience of A.D. 8 ; m. of Machaon, w. of Sabbataios.
tPaPets, Inscr. 1 5 1 0 . 5 . In an inscription from Leontopolis of 5 B . C ; h. of Ar sinoe.
wv
2
I
iPiXovs, 4 2 1 . 1 7 3 , 1 8 6 , 1 9 5 , 1 9 8 . In a papy rus from Arsinoe of A . D . 7 3 ; d. of . . e . . . os; paid the Jewish tax.
0afx,eis, Inscr. 1 5 1 1 . 1 . In an inscription from Leontopolis; f. of Jesous.
Inscr. 1 5 0 4 . On his gravestone from Leontopolis.
0aixaco6is, Inscr. 1 5 3 5 . In an inscription of Antinoopolis; f. of Maria.
0IXOVTIOV,
tpavias, 3 7 . 1 , v. In a papyrus from Herakleia of 2 2 2 B.C. ; leased together with Theodotos and Gaddaios the plots of two cleruchs.
Inscr. 1 4 2 8 . On his gravestone from Alexandria of early Ptolemaic period; s. of H i p p . . . .
&LX00V,
v, 2 5 6 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 7 5 ; f. of Jason.
cpavoKXrjs, 2 4 . 24. In a papyrus from Trikomia of 1 7 4 B . C ; f. of Thebon.
0lXoov, 2 8 1 . 1 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 8 8 ; f. of Ptollion.
0]op.ovvLs, Inscr. 1 4 8 5 . In an inscription from Leontopolis; f. of Josephos.
cpiptcov (cf. 'Epjxatos), 4 5 3 . 20. In a papy rus from Hermoupolite district of A.D. 1 3 2 ; s. of Onias; acted as guardian of his mother Tryphaina in a lease-con tract she gave out.
&[ ]cov, 1 3 0 . 1 9 . In a papyrus from Ibion Argaiou of 1 8 3 B . C ; a govern ment official, seemingly a sitologos.
Xcupeas, 406. 6. In an ostrakon from Edfu of first or second century A.D.
&tXnnros, 1 9 2 . 3 ; 2 8 2 . i ; 2 8 3 . 1 ; 2 8 6 . 4 ; 2 9 6 . 3 ; 3 6 2 . 1 ; 3 7 1 . 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of A . D . 8 9 - 9 0 , 9 4 - 9 5 , 9 8 - 1 1 7 , and 1 0 9 ; s. of Thedetos; probably owner of a donkey transport-office; paid the Jewish tax, poll-tax, dyke-tax, bathtax, a tax on behalf of assessment (nepia{j.6s), a tax for donkey-driving, and a tax for a donkey licence.
Xavovvaios, n . 4 1 , 66, 7 5 . In a papyrus from Philadelpheia probably of the reign of Philadelphos; seemingly a slave or servant of Apollonios taking care of the dogs.
4 2 1 . 1 6 4 , 1 9 2 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; s. of Ptollas; paid the Jewish tax.
XeXmas (cf. KeXxias), 3 3 7 . 1 . In an ostra kon from Edfu of A.D. 1 0 6 ; s. of Damion; paid the poll-tax.
Inscr. 1 4 5 0 . In an inscription from Heliopolite nome.
XCXKICIS,
XeA/aW, 1 4 5 . 1 6 . In a papyrus from Alexandria of 1 3 B . C ; a landowner.
tpiXioTicov, 2 1 . 9. In a papyrus from Apol XeXicias, 4 1 7 . 5 , 2 5 . In a papyrus from lonias of 2 1 0 B . C ; of the Epigone; ac Babylon (Heliopolite district) of A . D . cused of taking part in robbing a 5 9 ; s. of Petos; Persian of the Epigone; vineyard of Peitholaos. took from a Roman cavalryman a loan disguised as a deposit. 0iXoTepa, Inscr. 1 4 4 4 . In an inscription from Athribis of second or first century XCXKIOS, 4 1 7 . 4. In a papyrus from Baby B . C ; gave, together with her husband lon (Heliopolite district) of A.D. 5 9 ; f. of Hermias, an exedra to the synagogue. Petos. 2
196
APPENDIX
II
Wa..., 7 6 . 3 . In an ostrakon from Thebes of 1 5 9 or 92 B . C ; f. of Dosi theos.
...cov, 3 2 7 . 1 ; 3 6 9 . 1 . In ostraka from Edfu of A.D. 1 0 4 - 5 d s. of Sam bathaios ; paid the poll-tax.
.. .ijjais, 4 1 6 . 1 3 . In a papyrus from Philadelpheia of A.D. 2 5 ; s. of Josepos; paid the syntaximon.
'QvLas, 8 6 . 2 . In an ostrakon from Thebes of 1 5 6 and 1 5 5 B.C. ; f. of Noubion.
WiXvxicpv, 2 3 2 . 2 . In an ostrakon from Edfu of A.D. 6 1 ; f. of Alexion. Wovovevs, Inscr. 1484. In an inscription from Leontopolis; f. of Sebethois. Vovflios, 4 2 3 . In a papyrus from Oxy rhynchos of c. A.D. 8 5 ; f. of Nikaia Silbanos. WvXXas, Inscr. 1 4 3 1 . On his gravestone from Alexandria of the early Ptolemaic period. , .cov, 4 2 1 . 1 8 9 . In a papyrus from Arsinoe of A.D. 7 3 ; f. of Erotion.
a n
'Qpala, Inscr. 1509. 1 . On her gravestone from Leontopolis; d. of Nikolaos. 'Qpatos, 9 1 . 3 ; 9 2 . 3 . In ostraka from Thebes of 1 5 3 B . c . ; f. of Simon. 'Qplcov, 4 6 4 . 4. In a papyrus from Fayum of second century A.D. ; f. of Simon. T
Qpos, 4 4 . 6 1 . In a papyrus from Fayum of 99/98 B . C . ; s. of Sabatais; a peasant.
T
Qpos, 4 6 . 1 . In a papyrus from Syrian Village (Fayum) of second or first cen tury B.C. ; f. of Sabbataios.
*Qpos, 9 9 . 5 . In an ostrakon from Upper Egypt of 1 5 5 or 144 B.C. ; s. of Soulis; a payer of chaff-tax. D. R.
A P P E N D I X
PLACES
OF JEWISH
HABITATION
Alabanthis (Fayum) Seos in; a shepherd (?) or owner of sheep (?); 2 1 8 B . C . ; 38. 2 . Alexandria Dositheos s. of Drimylos in; a great man at the court of Ptolemy I I I ; served in 222 as eponymous priest of Alexander and the deified Ptolemies; held in 240 the office of hypomnematographos; 240, 2 2 5 / 4 and
222 B . C ;
i2ya-e.
Aqabiah in; early Ptolemaic period; Inscr. 1 4 2 4 . Apollo (doros?) in; early Ptolemaic period; Inscr. 1 4 2 5 . Josepos in; early Ptolemaic period; Inscr. 1 4 2 7 . Philon in; early Ptolemaic period; Inscr. 1428.
Simotera in; Sidonian; early Ptolemaic period; Inscr. 1 4 3 0 . Psyllas in; early Ptolemaic period; Inscr. 1 4 3 1 . Joanna Euphrosyne in; third century B . C . ; Inscr. 1 4 2 9 . A synagogue in; second century B . C . ; Inscr. 1 4 3 3 . A synagogue in; 37 B . C . ; Inscr. 1 4 3 2 . 6. Alypos in; made a synagogue; 37 B . C . ; Inscr. 1 4 3 2 . .. . rios in; Roman period; Inscr. 1 4 3 7 . Alexander in; Macedonian; owned land in the Alexandrian chora; 1 4 and 1 3 B.C ; 142;
III
143.
Theodoros in; owned land in the Alexan drian chora; deposited his will in the archive of the Jews; 1 4 and 1 3 B . C . ; 142; 143.
Dionysia in; probably a Jewess; recipient of a bequest from a J e w ; 1 3 B . C . ; 1 4 3 .
IN
EGYPT*
Apollonia and Hermogenes in; their deed of divorce written in Hellenistic for mulas ; 1 3 B.C. ; 1 4 4 . Theodote and Sophron in; a wet-nurse and her husband; 1 3 B . C . ; 1 4 6 . Martha in; a wet-nurse; 1 4 B . C . ; 1 4 7 . Marion in; (probably Martha's owner); 14 B.C.; 147.
Martha in; a freedwoman; 10 B . C . ; 1 4 8 . Lysimachos, Marion, and Tryphon in; members of a loan-society; 1 0 B . C . ; 149. Helenos in; claimed Alexandrian citizen ship; 5/4 B . C ; 1 5 1 . 2 . Tryphon in; f. of Helenos; an Alexan drian citizen; 5/4 B . C ; 1 5 1 . Jews in; a wholesale dealer warns his slave-agent to beware of Jewish money lenders; A.D. 4 1 ; 1 5 2 . Jews in; Claudius in his letter to the Alexandrians reproaches them for their late riots directed against the Jews; on the other hand he reminds the Jews that they are living in a city not of theirs; finally he urges both sides to gentleness and kindness in their future mutual relations; A.D. 4 1 ; 1 5 3 . Jews mentioned by Isidoros, the Alexan drian anti-Semite; he stresses their dif ference from the Alexandrians and likens them to the Egyptians on account of their paying the poll-tax; 156c.
Jews and Greeks of Alexandria before Hadrian; events of the time of Trajan in Alexandria (the revolt of A.D. 1 1 5 - 1 7 ) and the first year of Hadrian fiercely debated; i^&a-b. A Jewish delegation from Alexandria follows the Greek embassy from that town and appears before Trajan; 1 5 7 .
* Based on papyri, ostraka, and inscriptions published in the C.P.Jud. The places of Jewish habitation have been established either on the basis of explicit mention in the documents them selves, or on the evidence of their provenience.
APPENDIX III
io,8
Tiberius Alexander in; from a JewishAlexandrian family; served, inter alia, as perfect of Egypt (A.D. 6 6 - 6 9 / 7 0 ) ; 418a-/.
Disturbances in Alexandria (at the time of Trajan) and a battle between the Romans and the Jews there mentioned in a papyrus which probably is an edict of the prefect of Egypt; 435. Roua in; late-Roman period; Inscr. 1 4 3 8 . A Jew from; the writer of a letter relating apparently to a judicial case seems to be troubled at his arrival from Alexan dria ; fifth or sixth century A.D. ; 505. Julianos in; Inscr. 1439. Alexandria (?) Samuel-Borzochorias in; had nine chil dren ; Inscr. 1 4 3 5 . Samuel-Pist... in; Inscr. 1 4 3 5 . A synagogue in; Inscr. 1447. 4. Artemon in; served as prostates to the synagogue; Inscr. 1447. Alexandrou-Nesos (Fayum) A synagogue in; 2 1 8 B . C ; 1 2 9 . 1 , 5 . Nikomachos in; a synagogue-verger; 218 B.C.; 129.
Dorotheos in; accused of stealing; 2 1 8 B.C.; 129.
Arsinoe (Fayum) = Krokodilopolis A synagogue in; built in the reign of Ptolemy I I I Euergetes ( 2 4 6 - 2 2 1 B . C . ) ; Inscr. 1 5 3 2 a . Dositheos in; of the Epigone; 226 B . C . ; 19.
Herakleia in; party to a trial before the Court of Ten; had an Athenian guardian; 226 B . C . ; 19. Apollonios and Sostratos in; of the Epigone; 182 B . C . ; 2 3 . Jonathas in; a resident alien, temporarily enslaved for a debt; 2 3 8 / 2 3 7 B . C . ; 1 2 6 . A synagogue in; late second century B . C . ; 1 3 4 . 1 7 , 1 8 , 29.
Pertollos in; the representative of the synagogue; late second century B . C . ; 134-
Philiskos, Protous, Seuthes, Protous, Sambathion, S . . . , Philous, Try phaina, Dosarion and Erotion, Ptollas, Philiskos, Ptolemaios, Simon, Sambous, Jakoubos, Jakoubos, Dosarion in; payers of the Jewish t a x ; A.D. 7 3 ; 421.
A woman in (d. of Jesous); listed in a census return; A.D. 1 0 5 ; 430. Marous in (m. of someone); listed in a census return; A.D. 1 0 5 ; 430. Sylam . . . in; in a census return; A.D. 1 0 5 ; 43°-
Antinoopolis Lazarus in; second century A.D. ; Inscr. 1534.
Peret in; hired a shop for dyeworks in the southern agora; second half of the sixth century (c. A.D. 5 7 0 ) ; 5 1 1 . Maria in; Inscr. 1 5 3 5 . Apias (Fayum) Sostratos in; of the Epigone; owned a house and a court there; 182 B . C . ; 2 3 . Apollonias (Fayum) Soteles and S a n a in; payers of the polltax; notifying the authorities of the death of their son; A.D. IOI ; 427. Areos Kome (Fayum) Horos in; a peasant; 99/98
B.C.
44.
Archontes and a synagogue (proseuche) of Theban Jews in; A . D . 1 1 3 ; 4 3 2 , 5 6 - 5 7 . An eucheion in; A.D. 1 1 3 ; 4 3 2 . 60. Mareinos in; probably a dealer in lumber or a craftsman; A.D. 1 1 3 ; 432. Abramios in; appears in a contract with a villager guaranteeing the quality of the wine that he bought; sixth or seventh century A . D . ; 5 1 2 . Arsinoite nome Jouda in; appears in a list of persons who paid some sums of money; second or third century A.D. ; 466. Athribis (Benha) A synagogue in; dedicated in the second or first century B . c . ; Inscr. 1443. Hermias and his wife Philotera in; gave an exedra to the synagogue; Inscr. 1444.
P L A C E S O F J E W I S H H A B I T A T I O N IN E G Y P T Athribite nome Land confiscated from Jews killed or missing in the Jewish revolt of A.D. 1 1 5 - 1 7 mentioned; A . D . 1 3 0 ; 4 4 8 .
199
Josepos in; payer of the Jewish tax and the poll-tax; A . D . 7 2 - 7 4 ; 1 6 5 ; 2 5 0 ; cf. 329-
Demas in; payer of the Jewish t a x ; A.D. 7 2 ; 166.
Bakchias (Fayum) Johanes in; probably a retail trader or importer of goods; A.D. 1 1 4 ; 429. Iasepis in; appears in a list of payments of fines; A.D. 185 or 2 1 7 ; 4 6 1 .
Eunous in; payer of the Jewish tax and the aparchai; A.D. 7 3 ; 1 6 7 . A Jew (s. of Nikias) in; payer of the Jewish tax and the aparchai; A.D. 7 3 ;
Bernikis (Fayum) Didymos in ( = Ptolemaios); appears in a report of the sitologoi as payer of land-tax; A.D. 1 4 9 ; 459. Somoeilos(?) in; appears in a report of the sitologoi as payer of land-tax for her husband Didymos-Ptolemaios;
Loteis in; sister of the above-mentioned, payer of the Jewish tax and the apar chai ; A.D. 7 3 ; 1 6 8 . Antas in; payer of the Jewish tax and the aparchai; A.D. 7 4 ; 1 6 9 . Theodoros in ( = Niger); paid the Jewish tax, aparchai and poll-tax; A.D. 7 3 and
A.D.
7 5 ; 1 7 0 ; 248.
1 4 9 ; 459.
Boubastos (Fayum) Chazaros, Ieab in; field-hands; 240 B.C. ; Edfu (Apollinopolis Magna) Apollonios in; a tax-farmer of apomoira; 1 1 9 , 1 0 4 , and
8 9 / 8 8 or 8 6 / 8 5 B . C . ; 7 0 - 7 2 ;
in.
Japheas in ; a weaver and peasant (prob ably from Edfu); second century 95.
B.C.; 139.
Lotkis, Euieis, Zannais, Abdelos
in;
49 B . C . ; 140.
Herenios in; payer of the Jewish t a x ; 7 1 / 7 2 ; 160.
Teuphilos in; payer of the Jewish tax and the aparchai; A . D . 7 2 - 7 3 and 95 or i n ; 161;
1 6 7 ; 297.
Simon in; paid the poll-tax; A.D. 56 and 67; 2 3 1 ; 233.
Niger in ( = Theodoros and Theodotos); payer of the Jewish tax, aparchai, poll-tax, dyke-tax, bath-tax, and police-tax; A . D . 6 9 - 7 9 ; ^ 2 ; 1 6 4 ; 1 7 8 ; 243;
248-9; 269-70; 274-6.
Merin in; payer of the Jewish t a x ; A.D.
7 2 ; 163.
249;
252-3;
257;
259-60;
263;
266;
2 7 1 - 2 ; 373-
Tryphas in; a peasant; payer of the Jewish tax, aparchai, a tax in kind (wheat) from the crop and a tax for land-survey; A.D. 6 9 - 7 2 and 7 5 - 8 1 ; 1 7 0 ; 172-3;
175; 177; 181-2;
236-8;
240;
247; 260; 2 7 2 ; 3 7 3 .
Theux . . . , Lysimachos (possibly a scholar), Sephthais, Josepos (a priest), Themas, Teuphilos in; perhaps members of a Jewish dining-club; first century
A.D.
Nikon in; payer of the Jewish tax, aparchai, poll-tax, dyke-tax, bathtax, and police-tax; A . D . 6 8 - 8 1 ; 1 7 0 ; 1 7 2 - 5 ; 1 7 7 ; 1 8 1 - 2 ; 234; 236-40; 246-7;
36.
B.C.;
168.
Marous in; payer of the Jewish tax and the aparchai; A.D. 7 5 ; 1 7 1 . Kaikillias Akyntas in; a freedman of Sarra; payer of the Jewish tax and the aparchai; A . D . 7 5 and 8 0 ; 1 7 1 ; 1 7 9 - 8 0 . Sarra in; from a family which was in possession of Roman citizenship; has a freedman; A.D. 7 5 and 8 0 ; 1 7 1 ; 1 7 9 - 8 0 . Theodotos in ( = Niger); payer of the Jewish tax, aparchai, poll-tax, dyketax, bath-tax, and police-tax; A . D . 69-79, 70-71, 73-74, 7 6 - 7 9 ; ! 7 3 ; 1 7 6 ; 1 7 8 ; 240; 249; 2 6 3 - 4 ; 266; 269-70; 274-6.
Josepos in; payer of the Jewish tax, polltax, dyke-tax, bath-tax, police-tax, and a tax for the construction of watchtowers; A . D . 8 5 , 9 8 - 9 9 , 1 0 1 - 2 , and 1 0 7 ; 183;
196; 3
O I
~2;
3 ° 9 ; 342.
Aischylos in; a tax-collector; A.D. 8 5 , 88, 98, and 1 0 1 ; 1 8 3 ; 1 8 5 ; 2 4 0 ; 3 0 2 ; 3 0 9 .
APPENDIX III
200
Terion in; paid the Jewish tax and the aparchai; A.D. 8 5 ; 1 8 3 a . Jewish tax and aparchai paid; A.D. 8 8 ; 184. Abaskon in; payer of the Jewish tax and the aparchai; A.D. 8 8 ; 1 8 5 . Ptollis in; paid the Jewish tax and the aparchai; A . D . 8 9 ; 1 8 6 . Thedetos in; payer of the Jewish tax, aparchai, poll-tax, dyke-tax, bath-tax, and a tax on behalf of assessment (fxepiapos) ; A . D . 5 6 , 7 2 , 7 5 , 8 2 , 8 9 - 9 0 , 2
9 - 9 5 . 97. 9 8 - 1 1 7 . 1 0 1 , 1 0 3 , 106-7, 109, and
1 1 6 ;186-7;
i o
9J
1 9 2 - 3 ; 208; 2 1 9 ;
228; 230; 244; 2 5 8 ; 280; 282-3; l
296; 3 ° 8 ; 3
6
; 336; 3
Alexion in; payer
6
2
285-6;
1
; 37 -
of the
dyke-tax;
A.D. 5 6 , 6 1 , 7 2 , 7 5 , 8 2 , 8 9 - 9 0 , 9 2 - 9 5 , 97, 1 0 1 , 1 0 3 , and 1 0 6 ; 1 8 7 ; 1 8 9 ; 1 9 2 - 3 ; 230; 2 3 2 ; 244; 2 5 8 ; 280; 285-6; 296; 3 ° 8 ; 3*6; 336.
Nikon in; payer of the Jewish tax and the aparchai; 1 s t century A.D. ; 188. Jewish tax paid; A.D. 93 or 1 0 9 ; 190. Aiso ( ) in; payer of the Jewish t a x ; A.D. 9 5 ; 1 9 1 .
Philippos in; probably owner of a donkey transport-office; paid the Jewish tax, poll-tax, dyke-tax, bath-tax, a tax on behalf of assessment (pepia/xos), a tax for donkey-driving, and a tax for a donkey licence; A . D . 8 9 - 9 0 , 9 4 - 9 5 , 9 8 - 1 1 7 , and
109; 1 9 2 ; 282-3; 286; 296;
362; 37i-
Dosarion in; payer of the Jewish t a x ; A.D. 98 and first or second century A.D. ; 1 9 4 ; 4 0 5 .
Mariamos in; payer of the Jewish t a x ; A.D. 1 0 0 ; 1 9 5 .
Bokchoris in; payer of the Jewish tax, poll-tax, bath-tax, police-tax, and a tax for the construction of watchtowers ; A.D. 9 9 - 1 0 2 and 1 0 7 ; 1 9 6 ; 3 0 1 ; 3 ° ; 3 ° 9 ; 342. Sambathion in; payer of the Jewish tax, poll-tax, police-tax, and a tax for the construction of watch-towers; A . D . 1 0 2 - 3 and 1 0 6 ; 1 9 7 ; 3 1 3 ; 3 3 9 . Selemon in; payer of the Jewish t a x ; 6
J
A.D. 1 0 2 - 3 > 9 8 .
. . . thion in; a freedman; paid the Jewish tax; A.D. 1 0 3 - 4 ; 199.
Melchion in; payer of the Jewish tax, poll-tax, dyke-tax, bath tax, policetax, a tax on behalf of assessment (//.e/>toyioV), and a tax for the construc tion of watch-towers; A . D . 9 8 - 1 0 1 , 1 0 3 - 8 , and 221;
no-n;
200; 2 1 4 ; 2 1 6 ; 2 1 8 ;
299-300; 3 0 3 ; 3 0 5 ; 3 1 0 ; 3 1 7 - 2 0 ; 1
323-4; 328;332-3; 338; 345; 3 5 ; 3 5 3 ; 356; 358.
Pesouris in; payer of the poll-tax, dyketax, bath-tax, police-tax, a tax on be half of assessment (fieptapios), and a tax for the construction of watch-towers; A . D . 9 2 - 9 3 , 9 8 - 1 1 7 , 1 0 3 - 1 4 and first or second century A . D . ; 2 0 0 ; 2 1 4 - 1 8 ; 2 2 1 ; 288; 299-300; 303; 3 0 5 ; 3 1 0 ; 3 1 5 ; 3 1 7 - 2 0 ; 323-4; 3 2 8 ;3 3 2 - 3 ; 3 3 5 ; 3 3 8 ;3 4 1 ; 3 4 3 ; 345-
6 1
; 363-4; 366-7; 3 7 2 ; 4°5-
Antipatros in; his slave, Kopreus, payer of the Jewish t a x ; A.D. 104 and 1 0 6 ; 2 0 1 ; 207.
Diogas in; payer of the Jewish tax and a tax for the construction of watchtowers; A.D. 1 0 5 - 6 ; 2 0 2 . Damas in; payer of the Jewish tax, dyketax, and bath-tax; A . D . 9 1 and 1 0 5 - 6 ; 203; 287.
Kleparous in; payer of the Jewish t a x ; A . D . 1 0 6 ; 204.
Apanios Belaros in; his slave, Dekas, paid the Jewish t a x ; A.D. 1 0 6 ; 206. Meious in; payer of the Jewish t a x ; A . D . 1 0 7 , 1 0 9 , and 1 1 6 ; 2 0 8 ; 2 1 9 ; 2 2 8 . Akakias in; paid the Jewish t a x ; A.D. 107 ; 209.
Pates in; payer of the Jewish t a x ; A.D. 1 0 7 ; 2 1 0 ,
Jakoubos in; payer of the Jewish t a x ; A.D. 1 0 7 ; 2 1 1 .
Aninios in; a centurion; his slaves, Sporos and Thermauthos, paid the Jewish t a x ; A . D . 1 0 7 and 1 1 6 ; 2 1 2 ; 2 2 9 . The Jewish tax paid; A.D. 1 0 8 ; 2 1 3 . Dosas in, payer of the Jewish tax, polltax, dyke-tax, bath-tax, police-tax, and a tax on behalf of assessment (ixepia/xos); A.D. 1 0 3 , 1 0 7 - 1 0 , and 215;
113-14;
2 1 7 ;3 1 5 ; 347; 352; 354; 360-1; 6
363-4; 3 7 -
Eunous in; payer of the Jewish t a x ; A.D. 1 0 9 ; 2 1 9 .
PLACES OF J E W I S H HABITATION IN E G Y P T Jesous in ( = Sambathion); a military or police officer; paid the Jewish tax, poll-tax, dyke-tax, and bath-tax; A.D. 96, 99, 1 0 1 , 104, n o and first or second centuryA.D. ; 2 2 0 ; 298 5 3 0 4 5 3 1 1 5 3 2 1 5 4 0 5 .
Aienas in; payer of the Jewish t a x ; A.D. I I I ; 222.
Maria and Simon in; payers of the Jewish tax; A . D . 1 1 4 ; 2 2 3 . Thedmnas and Dosas in; payers of the Jewish t a x ; A.D. 1 1 4 - 1 5 ; 2 2 4 . Arsous and Theuphilos in; payers of the Jewish t a x ; A.D. 1 1 5 - 1 6 ; 225 ; 2 2 6 . Maria in; payer of the Jewish t a x ; A.D. 1 1 6 ; 2 2 7 .
Diophanes in; payer of the tax on wheat; A.D. 6 8 ; 2 3 4 .
Judas in; payer of the bath-tax; A.D. 6 9 ; 235-
Josephos in; f. of Aischylos; A . D .
70-71;
A.D. 8 2 ; 2 7 9 .
Ptollion in; payer of the poll-tax, dyketax, and bath-tax; A.D. 8 8 ; 2 8 1 . Dalleas in; payer of the cattle-tax; A . D . 90 or 77 ; 284. Dolchous in; payer of the dyke-tax and the bath-tax; A.D. 1 0 8 ; 289. Eirion in; payer of the bath-tax; A.D. 9 3 ; 291.
Akietos in; payer of the dyke-tax and the bath-tax; A.D. 9 3 ; 292. Verrius and Thedissos in; payers of the tax for the construction of watchtowers; A . D . 9 3 - 9 4 ; 2 9 3 . Bokchoris in; payer of the poll-tax; A.D. 94 or n o ; 2 9 5 . Teuphilos in; payer of the poll-tax; A.D. 95 or i n ; 2 9 7 . Apolas in; payer of the dyke-tax; A.D. 1 0 0 - 1 ; 306.
240.
Marcus Verrius and Dionysius in; payers of the tax on wheat; A.D. 7 1 and 9 3 / 9 4 or 1 0 9 / 1 0 ; 2 4 1 ; 2 9 4 .
Dosas in; payer of the police-tax; A.D. 7 1 ; 242.
Akyntas in; payer of the poll-tax; A.D. 72 ; 245-
Thedetos in; payer A.D. 6 9 - 7 9 , 7 4 - 7 5 »
a
of the poll-tax;
n
d
93; 251; 255; 277;
290.
Niger in ( = Theodotos); payer of the aparchai, poll-tax, dyke-tax, bath-tax, and police-tax; A . D . 7 4 - 7 6 ; 2 5 4 ; 257 ; 259; 261.
Ptollis in; s. of Antonius Rufus; A.D. 7 4 76; 254; 2 5 7 ; 259; 261.
Jason in; A.D. 7 5 ; 2 5 6 . Josepos in; payer of the poll-tax; A.D. 7 6 ; 262.
Aristomenes in; payer of a tax connected with a dyke (vavpiov els x&P ) '> « * 77 y 0
A
D
265.
Omazas in; received pay for guard-duty; A.D. 7 7 - 7 8 ; 267.
Marcus in; payer
of the cattle-tax;
A.D. 7 8 ; 2 6 8 .
Demas in; A.D. 7 8 ; 2 7 3 . Jakoubos in; payer of the poll-tax; A.D. 6 9 - 7 9 , 93»
Dosas in;
201
Sambathion in; payer of the poll-tax;
a
n
d
i n ; 277 ; 290; 365.
A.D. 6 9 - 7 9 ; 2 7 8 .
Kalleus in; payer of the bath-tax and police-tax; A.D. 1 0 1 ; 307. Damion in; payer of the poll-tax; A . D . 1 0 2 and 1 0 6 ; 3 1 2 ; 3 3 7 . Dosthes in; payer of the poll-tax; A . D . 103; 313.
Ptollas in; payer of the poll-tax; A.D. 1 0 3 and 1 0 7 ; 3 1 4 ; 3 4 4 . Petays in; payer of the poll-tax and the dyke-tax; A.D. 1 0 4 - 5 d " 5'>3 '>3 6 ; a n
2
2
2
3 3 ° ; 368.
Jakobos in; payer of the poll-tax; A.D. 2
104; 3 5 -
. . . on in; payer of the poll-tax; A.D. 1 0 4 - 5 and 1 1 6 ; 3 2 7 ; 3 6 9 . Jason in; payer of the dyke-tax and the police-tax; A . D . 1 0 4 ; 3 2 8 a . Jason in; paid the poll-tax; A.D. 1 0 5 ; 3 2 9 . Pamphilos in; payer of the poll-tax and dyke-tax; A.D. 1 0 5 ; 3 3 1 . Dosarion in; payer of the tax on behalf of assessment (fiepiafjios)', A.D. 1 0 6 ; 3 3 4 . Kelchias in (Chelkias); payer of the polltax; A . D . 1 0 6 ; 3 3 7 . Dipas in; payer of the dyke-tax, bathtax, and police-tax; A.D. 1 0 6 ; 340. Abramos in; payer of the poll-tax; A.D. i n ; 3 6 5 .
. . . as in; payer of the poll-tax; A.D. 96 or 1 1 2 ; 3 7 0 .
APPENDIX III
202
Abramis in; payer of the poll-tax; first or second century A.D. ; 3 7 4 . Senpetestheus in; payer of the poll-tax, wine-tax, a tax on hetairai (?), a tax on behalf of the Imperial assessment concerning statues and other taxes; A.D.
1 5 1 , 1 5 6 , 1 5 9 , and 8
8
161-5;
375;
2
3 7 8 ; 3 4 ; 3 7 ; 3 9 ~ 6 ; 399-
Panibekis-Sempeasmys in; payer of the poll-tax, dyke-tax, police-tax, cattletax, a tax on behalf of assessment (jaepicr/xoV) and of statue levy and other taxes; A . D . 1 6 0 - 4'>3 7 6 - 7 ; 3 8 0 ; 3 8 2 - 3 ; 386; 3 8 8 - 9 ; 3 9 1 ; 4 0 1 - 3 .
Senpeamys in; payer of the poll-tax and other taxes; A.D. 1 5 9 - 6 0 , 1 6 2 , and 1 6 4 ; 379;
1 7 2 / 1 7 1 B.C. ; 26.
Ezeikias, Dositheos, Theodosios, Antipater, K a r . . . , Theodosios in; prob ably military settlers; mid-second century B . C . ; 29. Members of a military unit composed of Macedonians and Jews in; mid-second century B . C . ; 30. Dositheos in; probably member of a military unit; mid-second century B.C.; 30.
3 8 1 ; 3 8 5 ; 3 9 ° ; 3 9 7 - 8 ; 400.
Sarra in; A.D. 162 ; 3 7 8 . Didymos and Damion in; owners of ships; first or second century A.D. ; 404. Sobtais in; first or second century A.D. ; 405.
Sambathaios in; first or second century A.D. ; 4 0 5 .
Thedesis in; a weaver; first or second century A.D. ; 405. Jesous, Teuphilos, Josepos, Methysion, Thegenes, Jason, Chaireas, and Thermouthion in; first or second century A.D. ; 406.
L a i . . . , Eskielakis (?), Abdous, Alexan der, Pachoumis, Antipatros, and Sama . . . in; first and second century
Dositheos, Dareios, Theodotos, Lykos, Seuthes, Simon, Theodotos in; military settlers; mid-second century B . C . ; 3 1 . Sabathis in; mentioned in a census-paper; probably wife of a peasant; third century B . C . ; 3 4 . Ptolemaios, Dareios in; probably pea sants ; 2 5 9 / 2 5 8 B . C ; 3 5 . Idellas in; probably a shepherd; third century B . C . ; 39. Sara in; most probably an owner of a vineyard; mid-second century B . C . ; 4 1 . Salmon in; probably a peasant; early first century B . C . ; 4 5 . Antipatros in; owner of a house or a weaver's workshop; mid-third century B.C.;
A.D. ; 4 0 7 ; 4 0 8 a .
Zosos, Thatres, Arthenatas, Harbeinos (?), and Pachoumios in; first or second century A.D. ; 4 0 7 ; 408&. Enteiis (Oxyrhynchite nome) Thedetos in; a villager, probably peasant; A.D. 9 3 ; 4 2 5 .
Fayum Eleazaros and his wife Eirene in; a military officer; Ptolemaic period; Inscr. 1 5 3 1 . Sara in; a debtor represented in contract of loan by her son of the Epigone;
a
Euhemereia (Fayum) Sambatheios and Dystheon in; payers of the bath-tax; 3 B.C. ; 409. Julius Gaius Alexander, owner of large tracts of land; A . D . 26 and 2 8 - 2 9 ; 420a—b.
Joannes in; a donkey-driver; third cen tury A.D. ; 4 7 2 0 - 6 .
125.
Theodotos in; reported as murdered in a police report; 1 7 8 or 167 B . C ; 1 3 1 . Theodotos, Theodora, Theomnestos, Sabbathion, Sabbathion, Dosithea in; prob ably land-holders; second century B.C. ; 4 7 .
D . . . os in; probably a dealer in clothes; A.D. 2 4 / 2 5 ; 4 1 5 .
Thermouthaion in; owner of a house; c. A . D . 9 4 ; 4 2 6 . J o s e s ( = Teuphilos), Straton ( = Isakis), Eleazaros, Ptolemaios, Abramios, . . . s and Sambathion in; sitologoi; A . D . 1 0 1 / 2 ; 428.
Theuphilos in; forced by the government to perform some land-work; c. A.D. n o ; 1
43 -
PLACES OF J E W I S H H A B I T A T I O N IN E G Y P T Josepos in; first century A.D. ; 434. Mention of the Jewish disturbance (tumultus), and damage caused to agricultural property at that time; A.D.
1 5 1 ; 449.
Heras in ( = Azakiel); a tenant-farmer; second century A.D. ; 464. Gurob (Fayum) Theodoros, Simon, Theomnestos, Lysimachos, Dioskourides, Dositheos in; military settlers; probably mid-second century B . C . ; 3 2 . Heliopolite nome Onias in; a high government official, per haps the strategos of this nome; 164 B . C . ; 1 3 2 .
Chelkias in; Inscr. 1 4 5 0 . Hephaistias (Fayum) A Jewish policeman and perhaps also a Jewish military settler in; 1 7 3 B . C . ; 2 5 . Herakleia (Fayum) Theodotos, Gaddaios, Phanias in; lessors of plots of cleruchic land; 222 B . C . ; 3 7 .
probably confiscated after the Jewish revolt of A . D . 1 1 5 - 1 7 ; late second or third century A.D. ; 468. Neilammon in; headman of the Jews; payer of some t a x ; fifth or sixth century A.D. ; 506. Aurelios Joustos in; a Samaritan; made a deed of divorce with his wife; A.D.
1 7 4 B.C. ; 2 4 .
Agathokles in; a taktomisthos; probably in a military camp there; 1 7 4 B . C . ; 24. Theodoros ( = Samaelos), Nikanor in; 80-arourai holders of the first hipparchy; 1 7 4 B . C . ; 24. Dositheos in; probably a military func tionary; perhaps in a military camp there; 1 7 4 B . C . ; 24. Alexander in; party in litigation; 5 1 B.C. ; 136.
Onias in; a minor official; 50 B.C. ; 1 3 7 . Jewish property confiscated after the revolt of A . D . 1 1 5 - 1 7 ; c. A . D . 1 1 7 - 1 8 ( ? ) ; 445-
5i3-
Hermoupolite nome Defeat of the massed villagers in a battle against the 'impious' Jews during the Jewish Revolt; after June A.D. 1 1 6 before January A.D. 1 1 7 ; 4 3 8 . The attack of the 'impious' Jews in this nome referred to in an application for leave sent to the prefect of Egypt by a strategos (Apollonios); A.D. 1 1 7 ; 4 4 3 . Tryphaina in; owner of katoikic land around Psobthonpilalis in the lower Peri Polin toparchy; A.D. 1 3 2 ; 4 5 3 . Hermaios in ( = Phibion); (acted as) guardian of his mother Tryphaina; 132; 453.
Hiera Nesos Josepos in; a peasant;
160/159 B . C ; 75.
Ibion Argaiou (Fayum) Ph . . . on and Sosibios in; government officials, possibly sitologoi; 183 B.C. ; 130. Karanis (Arsinoite nome) The Jewish tax appears in a tax-fist con taining totals of amounts referring to various taxes collected from over a thousand persons; the amount attests the existence of only one Jew in this village at this time; A.D. 1 4 5 / 6 or 1 6 7 / 8 ; 460.
Aurelios Joannes in; possibly a J e w ; for merly a gymnasiarch; gave in the name of his wife receipts for rent of land in the vicinity of the village; A.D. 304 and 306;
Hermoupolis A plot of land and a house in the Jewish street mentioned in a deed of sale;
586; 5 1 3 .
Aurelia in; a Samaritan; made a deed of divorce with her husband; A.D. 5 8 6 ;
A.D.
Herakleopolite nome Judas, Ananias, Deinias, Thraseas, Thebon, Samaelos in; of the Epigone; probably in a military camp there;
203
4740-6.
Enok in; appears in a fist of persons most of them peasants; third century A.D. ; 478a.
204
APPENDIX III
Somoelos in; Inscr. 1 4 5 1 . Mikkos in; Inscr. 1 4 5 2 . Eleazaros in; Inscr. 1 4 5 3 . . . . oniou in; Inscr. 1 4 5 5 . Aristoboulos in; Inscr. 1 4 5 6 . Glaukias in; Inscr. 1 4 5 8 . Kerkeosiris (Fayum) Salamis in; Inscr. 1 4 5 9 . Theophilos in; of the Epigone; 2 1 0 B.C.; 2 1 . S . . . in; Inscr. 1460. Philiston in; of the Epigone; 2 1 0 B . C . ; 2 1 . R . . . in; Inscr. 1 4 6 1 . Timaios in; of the Epigone; 2 1 0 B . C . ; 2 1 . Tryphaina and Eiras in; Inscr. 1 4 6 3 . Teudora in; Inscr. 1464. Koptite nome Judas in; Inscr. 1465. Dositheos in; a peasant; 157 B . C ; 8 1 . Jakoubos in; Inscr. 1467. Hellen in; a peasant; 157 B.C. ; 8 3 . Joanes in; Inscr. 1468. Koptos Sabbataios in; Inscr. 1469. Dositheos in; a banker; 1 5 1 or 140 B.C. ; 69. Sabbation in; Inscr. 1 4 7 0 . Nike in; Inscr. 1 4 7 2 . Kynopolite nome Eleazaros in; Inscr. 1 4 7 3 . Jewish property confiscated after the Sebethois in; Inscr. 1 4 7 4 . revolt of A.D. 1 1 5 - 1 7 ; c. A . D . 1 1 7 - 1 1 8 ( ? ) ; Theuphilos in; Inscr. 1 4 7 7 . 445A . . . this in; Inscr. 1 4 8 1 . Eisakis in; Inscr. 1 4 8 2 . Lenaion (Antinoopolite nome) Aurelios Josephios in; a farmer, paid in Sabbatais in; Inscr. 1483. advance for wine bought from another Sebethois in; Inscr. 1484. farmer of the same village; A.D. 5 4 2 ; Josephos in; Inscr. 1 4 8 5 . Labois in; Inscr. i 4 8 6 . 508. Theon in; Inscr. 1489. Leontopolis (Tel el-Yehoudieh) Eirene in; Inscr. 1 4 9 1 . Demas in; a doctor; 1 1 7 B . C . ; Inscr. 1490. Helarion in; Inscr. 1494. Dositheos in; Inscr. 1 4 9 5 . Alexandras in; 1 1 7 B . C . ; Inscr. 1490. Dositheos in; Inscr. 1496. Elazaros in; 28 B . C . ; Inscr. 1466. K . . . in; Inscr. 1 5 0 1 . Marin in; 27 B.C. ; Inscr. 1 5 1 4 . Dosas and Theuphila in; Inscr. 1 5 0 2 . Marein in; 26 B . C . ; Inscr. 1 5 3 0 c . . . . theoros in; Inscr. 1 5 0 3 . Ptebbion in; 2 3 B . C . ; Inscr. 1 4 9 3 . Philoution in; Inscr. 1504. Nikomedes in; 6 B . C ; Inscr. 1 4 9 7 . Marion in; 5 B . C ; Inscr. 1 4 9 8 . Jakoubos in; Inscr. 1505. Arsinoe and Phabeis in; 5 B.C. ; Inscr. 1 5 1 0 . Theuphila in; Inscr. 1506. Asoua . . . in; Inscr. 1507. Pappion in; 5 B . C ; Inscr. 1 5 1 9 . Horaia and Eirene in; Inscr. 1509. Sabbathos in; 4 B . C ; Inscr. 1 4 7 1 . Jesous and Dositheos in; Inscr. 1 5 1 1 . Nikon in; 4 B.C. ; Inscr. 1499. Rachelis and Agathokles in; Inscr. 1 5 1 3 . Taoutin in; 3 B.C. ; Inscr. 1 5 2 0 . Dosarin in; Inscr. 1 5 1 5 . Dosthion in; 1 B . C . ; Inscr. 1 5 2 4 . Thetos in; Inscr. 1 5 1 7 . Jesous in; A.D. I ; Inscr. 1 4 7 6 . Nethanin in; Inscr. 1 5 1 8 . Sambathion in; A.D. 4 ; Inscr. 1500. Philous in; Inscr. 1 5 2 1 . Barchias in; A.D. 5 ; Inscr. 1454. Pappion in; Inscr. 1 5 2 2 . Agathokles in; A . D . I O - I I ; Inscr. 1 4 5 7 . Nardion, Teteution, and Sabbatai in; Delphynios in; Inscr. 1 5 2 3 . Pyreion in; Inscr. 1 5 2 5 . A.D. 3 7 ; Inscr. 1 5 2 7 . Abramos in; served as magistrate of two Sabbation in; Inscr. 1 5 2 6 . local Jewish communities; first cen Paoution in; Inscr. 1 5 2 8 . tury A . D . ; Inscr. 1 5 3 0 a . Sabbataios; Inscr. 1529. Ptollas in; appears in a list of persons most of them peasants; late third century A.D. ; 4 7 8 6 . Isak in; appears in a receipt for delivery of chaff; early fourth century A.D. ; 480.
P L A C E S O F J E W I S H H A B I T A T I O N IN E G Y P T Arsinoe in; Inscr. 1 5 3 0 . Land of Onias mentioned; Inscr. 1 5 3 0 . 4. Kleupas and Petos in; Inscr. 1 5 3 0 B . Maranis in; Inscr. 1 5 3 0 D . Lower Egypt A synagogue in; the right of asylum granted to; third century B . C ; Inscr. 1449- 5 . 9-
Lykopolite nome Hostilities in the Lykopolite district during the Jewish revolt of A . D . 1 1 5 - 1 7 ; end of A.D. 1 1 7 or beginning of 1 1 8 ( ? ) ; 444.
Middle Egypt Sitorah in; Inscr. 1 5 3 6 . Minieh Judan in; Inscr. 1 5 3 3 . Neiloupolis (Fayum) A pottery in; belonging to Jewish potters who lived in the Syrian Village; second or first century B . C . ; 4 6 . Nessana A Samaritan in; late sixth-early seventh century A.D. ; 5 1 4 . Nitriai (Wadi Natrum) A synagogue in; dedicated between 1 4 3 and 1 1 7 B . C ; Inscr. 1 4 4 2 . 6. Ombos Sabdaios in; a peasant; third or second century B . C ; 96. Ostrakine Probably a Jewish settlement; A.D. 3 1 7 2
3 3;
457C
Oxyrhynchite nome Abramos, Sambataios, and Dositheos in; owners of sheep and goats; A.D. 8 / 9 ; 412.
Open lots, in which there are buildings burnt by the Jews; early second cen tury A.D. ; 4 4 7 . Jews in; first half of second century A.D. ; 5 1 6 .
205
Oxyrhynchos Isidoros and Jesous in; c. 6/5 B . C ; 4 1 0 . Josepos in; probably a dealer in linencloth; made a loan-contract with an Egyptian linen-weaver; A.D. 2 1 ; 4 1 4 . . . .s in; steersman of a cargo boat; A.D. 7 7 ; 4 2 2 .
Jakoubos in; f. o f . . .s; A.D. 7 7 ; 4 2 2 . Nikaia Silbanos in; bought a house in the Jewish quarter of the town; c. A.D. 8 5 ; 423-
Mention of the help which the people of that town lent to the Romans during the Jewish war, and of an annual festival still celebrated in commemoration of the victory over the Jews; A.D. 1 9 9 / 2 0 0 ; 4 5 0 . Plots of land in the Jewish quarter men tioned in a deed of sale; probably the land confiscated after the Jewish revolt of A.D. 1 1 5 - 1 7 ; A . D . 1 3 3 ; 4 5 4 .
A Jew in or from; appears in a fragment of camp record; late second century A.D. ; 4 6 3 .
Barichius in; appears in a list of Roman soldiers; A.D. 205 ; 465. Paramone in; enfranchised, together with her children, by the Jewish com munity ; A.D. 2 9 1 ; 4 7 3 . Jakob in; enfranchised, together with his mother, by the Jewish community; A.D. 2 9 1 ; 4 7 3 .
Another child of Paramone in; also en franchised ; A.D. 2 9 1 ; 4 7 3 . Aurelios Dioskoros in; represented, to gether with Aurelios Joustos, the Jewish community in an act of en franchisement of a Jewish maid and her children; A.D. 2 9 1 ; 4 7 3 . Aurelios Joustos in; Father of the Jewish community; represented the com munity, together with Aurelios Dios koros, in an act of enfranchisement of a Jewish maid and her children; citycouncillor of Ono in Palestine; A . D . 291; 473-
Jakob in; appears in a list of night guards of the city; c. A.D. 2 9 5 ; 4 7 5 . Aurelios Isak in; an officer (xetpio-rqs) of the alum-monopoly; A.D. 3 0 0 ; 4 7 7 . Aurelios Samouelin; fifth century A.D. ( ? ) ; 5°3-
206
APPENDIX III
Enoch in; a cultivator; sixth century A.D. ; 509.
Jews in; appear in a list of payments due to the landowner Flavius Apion I I ; sixth century A.D. ; 5 1 0 . Pesla Isak in; one of three applicants for the lease of private land for one year in the neighbourhood of Poseos-Nesos; early fourth century A.D. ; 5 1 7 .
Psenyris (Fayum) Jews and Greeks in the village treated in the document as two separate groups; the Jews were probably peasants; had to pay half a drachme each for the village granaries, perhaps for their repair; third century B . C . ; 3 3 . Samareia (Fayum) Theodotos, Diophantos, Hieroous, Milon, Demokrates, Sabbathaios in; soldiers; 201 B . C ; 2 2 .
Phebichis (Herakleopolite nome) Andronikos in; a Jew (?) of the Epigone; 260 B . C ; 1 8 .
Alexander in; a soldier; 260 B . C ; 1 8 . Philadelpheia (Fayum) Antigones in; 256 B . C ; 8. Dasis in; most likely a peasant as well as a shepherd dependent on Zenon; 2 5 3 and 2 5 0 B . C ; ga-b. Khanounaios in; seemingly a slave or servant of Apollonios taking care of the dogs; probably reign of Philadelphos; 1 1 . Somoelis in; a guard; worked privately for Zenon and the village of Philadel pheia (guarding granaries); probably reign of Philadelphos; 1 2 . Alexander and Ismaelos in; leased from Zenon and cultivated little tracts of land; probably reign of Philadelphos; Samoelis and Alexander in; vine-dressers; farmed together a 60-arourai vineyard belonging to Zenon and Sostratos; 2 4 1 and 240 B . C . ; 1 4 ; 1 5 . A Jew in (s. of Iosios); writing a petition to the king; mid-third century B . C . ; 16. Toubias in; mid-third century B . C ; 1 7 . Judas in; a peasant; second century B.C. ; 43-
Sambathion in; Persian of the Epigone; took a loan of six artabai of barley; A.D. 3 ; 4 1 1 .
Mysthas, Ne . . . eion and . . . psais in; payers of the syntaximon; A.D. 25 ; 4 1 6 . Josepos and P e t e c h . . . in; first century A.D. ; 4 3 3 .
Theodotos in; a taktomisthos; 201 B.C. ; 22.
Theodoros in; 30-arourai holder and cattle owner; 1 5 5 or 144 B . C ; 28. Dositheos, Dositheos, Sambathaios, Jason, Dositheos, Angais, Joannes, Jakoubis in; soldiers and cattle owners; 1 5 5 or 1 4 4 B . C . ; 2 8 . Marion and Sambathion in; probably wives of military settlers; 1 5 5 or 1 4 4 B.C.; 28.
Jonathas and Helladote in; husband and wife; brought their quarrel before Greek authorities; 2 1 8 B . C . ; 1 2 8 . Sabbataios in; a hired worker; 1 5 3 or 142 B.C.; 1 3 3 .
Johanna in; 1 5 3 or 142 B . C . ; 1 3 3 . (Ascription of Sabbataios and Johanna to Samareia not certain.) Schedia (Kafr ed Daouar) A synagogue in; built in the reign of Ptolemy I I I Euergetes ( 2 4 6 - 2 2 1 B.C.) ; Inscr. 1440. 7. Sebennytos (Fayum) Paabos in; appears in a list of peasants; third century A.D. ; 4 7 1 . Sesphtha (Oxyrhynchite nome) A Jew in; s. of Herakleia; A.D. 1 2 6 ; 4 5 1 . Isak in; appears in a list of persons en rolled by the government for some work; late third or early fourth cen tury A.D. ; 476. Soknopaiou-Nesos Simon in; a tenant-farmer; second cen tury A.D. ; 464.
P L A C E S O F J E W I S H H A B I T A T I O N IN E G Y P T Syrian Village
(Fayum)
Sabbataios and Dosas in; potters; second or first century B . C . ; 46. Paous in; a pottery owner; second or first century B.C. ; 46. Sabbataios in; f. of Paous; second or first century B . C . ; 46.
207
Abietos in; a tax-farmer, acting in partnership with other people; 1 7 1 / 1 7 0 B . C ; 48.
Aristomenes in; a tax-farmer of wine-tax; 1 6 1 B.C. ; 49.
Abramos in; a tax-farmer of pasture-tax; 165 B.C. ; 50.
Sambathaios in; a tax-farmer of ferrySyrian Village (Heliopolite nome) Petos, Helkias, and Dor . . . koas in; Persians of the Epigone; took from a Roman cavalryman a loan disguised as a deposit; A.D. 5 9 ; 4 1 7 .
tax;
1 5 5 and
1 5 4 B.C. ; 5 1 - 6 0 .
Simon in; a tax-farmer of fishers'-tax and a well-to-do peasant; 154, 1 5 3 , and 1 5 2 B . C . ; 6 1 - 6 3'>9 ° >
i o
7-
Sambathaios in; a landowner; 1 5 6 and 1 5 3 B . C . ; 64; 104.
Teberkythis (location unknown). Sabbataios of; buried at Leontopolis; Inscr. 1529. Tebtynis (Fayum) Mousaios in; of the Epigone;
228-221
B . C . ; 20.
Lasaites in; of the Epigone;
228-221 B.C.;
20.
Dositheos in; 2 2 8 - 2 2 1 B . C . ; 20. Sambathion in; lent a hundred drachmai at the usual rate of interest; A.D. 1 6 ; 4i3-
Theadelpheia Isakous in; a theft was committed on the threshing-floor belonging to her late husband in the public lands; A.D. 1 3 7 ; 455-
Timokrates in; (acted as) guardian of his mother Isakous; A.D. 1 3 7 ; 4 5 5 . Thebais A Jew in; failed to deliver a mare and carriage as ordered; second century B.C.; 1 3 5 .
Marcus Alexander in; a trading firm owned by him operated on the lines Koptos-Myos Hormos and KoptosBerenike; A . D . 3 7 - 4 4 ; qiya-e. Thebes — Diospolis Magna Iasibis in; an epistates of a hipparchy; 1 5 8 B . C . ; 2 7 . Cf. also s.v. Arsinoe (Fayum) for a synagogue of Theban Jews there.
Abdious in; seemingly a banker; 1 5 1 B . C . ; 65-
Abielos in; a tax-farmer of shoe-makers' t a x ; 1 5 5 or 1 4 4 B . C . ; 66. Apollonios(?) in; a tax-farmer of shoe makers' t a x ; 1 5 0 or 1 3 9 B . C ; 6 7 - 6 8 . Simon in; a peasant; 162 B.C. ; 73. Indos in; a peasant; 160 B.C. ; 74. Dositheos in; a peasant; 159 or 92 B.C. ; 76. Straton and Isakis in; peasants; 1 5 8 , 1 5 5 , and
151 B.C.; 77-79.
Polous in; a peasant; 157 B.C. ; 80. Dositheos and Hellen in; peasants; paid the tax at the granary of Thebes; 157 B . C ; 8 1 ; 83.
Hellen in; a peasant; 157 B.C. ; 82. Dositheos in; a peasant; 157 B.C. ; 84. Theochrestos in; a peasant, 1 5 6 B . C . ; 85. Noubion in; a peasant; 1 5 6 and 1 5 5 B . C . ; 86.
Sambathaios in; a peasant; 1 5 4 B.C. ; 8 7 ; 117.
Simon in; a peasant; 1 5 4 B.C. ; 88. Pythangelos in; a peasant; 1 5 4 B . C . ; 89. Simon in; a peasant; 1 5 3 B . C . ; 9 1 - 9 2 . Soloktos in; probably a peasant; 97 B . C . ; 94.
Simon in; payer of pasture-tax;
155/
1 5 4 B.C. ; 108.
Pollia Maria in; payer of arrears for taxes and of quantities of wheat in the public granary; perhaps owner and lessor of land; A.D. 1 5 0 , 1 5 5 , 1 5 7 - 8 , 1 6 0 - 1 ; 4 6 2 0 - ^ . Thonopho (Phtheirie toparchy, Bousirite nome) Helkias in; a landowner; 1 3 B . C ; 1 4 5 .
208
APPENDIX
Trikomia (Fayum) Marion in; end of third or beginning of second century B.C. ; 40. Upper Egypt Aristoboulos in; a peasant; 1 2 1 B.C. ; 93. Apayer of chaff-tax (s. of Sambathaios) in; latethirdorearlysecondcenturyB.c; 97. Japheas in; payer of chaff-tax; 1 6 1 B.C. ; 98.
Horos in; payer of chaff-tax; 1 5 5 or 144 B.C. ; 99.
Simon in; an official of the chaff-tax; 1 5 5 or 1 4 4 B.C. ; 99. Josepos in; an official of the chaff-tax; B
1 5 5 / 1 5 4 and 1 5 4 / 1 5 3 - C - ; 1 0 0 - 2 . 1 5 4 / 1 5 3 B.C. ; 101.
Simon in; payer of chaff-tax;
Simon in; payer of chaff-tax; end of second or first century B . C . ; 1 0 3 . Sambathaios in; an official of the chafftax ; end of second or first century B . C . ;
III
Simon in; second century B . C . ; 1 2 3 . Simon in; late second century B . C . ; 124.
Theodotos in; Inscr. 1 5 3 7 . Ptolemaios in; Inscr. 1 5 3 8 . Upper Egypt (?) Ismaelos in; payer of various sums re lated to workers, cattle, and waterconduits on an estate; second century A.D. ; 4 5 2 a .
Simon in; pays a sum on behalf of Ismaelos, in a payment-account from an estate; second century A.D. ; 4 5 2 a . Pesouris in; pays a sum on behalf of Ismaelos, in a payment-account from an estate; second century A.D. ; 4 5 2 a . Jesous in; appears in a payment-account from an estate; second century A.D. ; 452a.
Xenephyris (near Damanhur) 103. A synagogue in; the gateway of built; Abietes in; a tax-farmer; 1 5 5 or 1 4 4 B . C . ; 1 4 3 - 1 1 7 B . C ; Inscr. 1 4 4 1 . 6. 105. Theodoros and Achillion in; prostatai of Tryphon in; a landowner or shepherd; the Jewish community; 1 4 3 - 1 1 7 B . C ; 152 B . C . ; 106. Inscr. 1 4 4 1 . Theodoros and Abdious in; tax-farmers; Provenience Unknown Ptolemaic period; 109. Jaeires in; payer of an unknown money- Noumenios in; probably iv dvaxa>pf}aei; tax ; Ptolemaic period; 109. first half of second century A.D. ; 5 1 5 . Sanbatios in; payer of a tax on date- A Jew in; iv dvaxwp-joei; first half of trees ; second century B.C. ; n o . second century A . D . ; 5 1 5 . Samoelos in; probably a peasant; third A Jew in; iv dvaxoprjo-ei; first half of century B.C.; 1 1 2 . second century A.D. ; 5 1 5 . Simon and Josepos in; third or second Josepos in; appears in an agricultural century B.C.; 1 1 3 . survey; Roman period; 470. Sambataios in; second century B . C . ; 1 1 4 . Josep in; the only Jewish banker men Sambatheios in; second century B . C . ; 1 1 5 . tioned in the documents of Roman Natan in; second century B . C . ; 1 1 6 . Egypt; third or fourth century A.D. ; Abietos, Simon, Jesous, and Philon in; 479probably peasants; second century Isaiah in; appears in an account of wine; B.C ; 118. fourth century A.D. ; 500. Sampathaios in; 1 9 1 or 190 B.C. ; 1 1 9 . Simon in; appears in an account of wine; Ismaelos in; a priest; second or first fourth century A.D. ; 500. century B . C . ; 1 2 0 . Symeon in; appears in a list of persons Dellaias in; second or first century B . C . ; paying some t a x ; fourth century A.D. ; 121.
Sambathaios in; probably an official or an employee on a private estate; Ptolemaic period; 1 2 2 .
501.
Judas in; appears in a list of persons paying some tax; fourth century A.D. ; 501.
P L A C E S OF J E W I S H H A B I T A T I O N IN E G Y P T A . . . in; appears in a list of persons paying some t a x ; fourth century A.D. ; 501.
Isak in; appears in a list of persons pay ing some t a x ; fourth century A.D. ; 5 0 1 . Nathan in; appears in a list of persons paying some t a x ; fourth century A.D. ; 501.
209
Banis in; appears in a list of persons pay ing some t a x ; fourth century A . D . ; 501.
Nahum in; appears in a list of persons paying some t a x ; fourth century A.D. ; 501.
Anina in; appears in an account; fifth century A.D. ; 504. D. R.
PLATES
!\'o. 1 1 5 .
Ostrakon. 2nd century B . C
P L A T E
TI
No.
1 4 1 . L e t t e r from H e r a k l e s to P t o l e m y .
F i r s t h a l f of 1 s t c e n t . B . C .
. ! " » '
- '
/ V L
re
f
^
) - - Kl
? • ? t t t r x ion > Tt< >cr •,['
4
No. 1 5 9 & .
Acta Appianl. Earlier 3rd cent., A . D Reduced to half actual size
1 *
»
A P M M H H M K I I SILLLIJILLIRTLI. FLLLL
NO.
438.
J E W I S H V I C T O R I E S IN THE H E R M O U P O L I T E DISTRICT,
Slightly
enlarged
A.D.
116/7
PLATE
VI
.
-r.-t: fornix
No. 520. Fragment of Prophecy. Third century A . D . Actual size
