Coal Information 2009

I E A

S T A T I S T I C S I N T E R N AT I O N A L E N E R G Y A G E N C Y

COAL

INFORMATION

2009

Please note that this PDF is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at

www.iea.org/about/ copyright.asp

COAL

INFORMATION

2009 with 2008 data

IEA member countries: Australia

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Austria Belgium

The International Energy Agency (IEA) is an autonomous body which was established in November 1974 within the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to implement an international energy programme.

Canada Czech Republic

It carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among twenty-eight of the thirty OECD member countries. The basic aims of the IEA are:

Denmark

n To maintain and improve systems for coping with oil supply disruptions.

Finland

n To promote rational energy policies in a global context through co-operative relations with non-member countries, industry and international organisations.

France

n To operate a permanent information system on international oil markets. n To provide data on other aspects of international energy markets.

Germany

n To improve the world’s energy supply and demand structure by developing alternative energy sources and increasing the efficiency of energy use.

Greece

n To promote international collaboration on energy technology.

Hungary

n To assist in the integration of environmental and energy policies, including relating to climate change.

Ireland Italy Japan

Korea (Republic of) Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA.

ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of thirty democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies.

© OECD/IEA, 2009 International Energy Agency (IEA) 9 rue de la Fédération, 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France Please note that this publication is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at www.iea.org/about/copyright.asp

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ vii 1. PRINCIPLES AND DEFINITIONS............................................................................................................... ix

General notes ....................................................................................................................................................... ix Data sources ........................................................................................................................................................ ix Units and conversions .......................................................................................................................................... xi Notes on energy sources and flows..................................................................................................................... xii Price data ............................................................................................................................................................ xv Quarterly energy statistics ................................................................................................................................. xvi 2. GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE ............................................................................................................... xvii 3. COUNTRY NOTES .................................................................................................................................... xix 4. CONVERSION FACTORS AND CALORIFIC VALUES .......................................................................... xxv

PART I: WORLD COAL MARKET REVIEW Overview .................................................................................................................................................................. I.3 Production ................................................................................................................................................................ I.5 Consumption .......................................................................................................................................................... I.11 Trade ...................................................................................................................................................................... I.17 Prices ...................................................................................................................................................................... I.23 CO2 emissions (2006) ............................................................................................................................................ I.29 The future of coal-fired power plants: An extract from Energy Technology Perspectives 2008 ........................... I.31

PART II: WORLD COAL OVERVIEW 1. PRODUCTION

Table 1.1: Table 1.2: Table 1.3: Table 1.4: Table 1.5:

World hard coal production ............................................................................................................. II.5 World coking coal production .......................................................................................................... II.7 World steam coal production ............................................................................................................ II.8 World brown coal production ......................................................................................................... II.10 OECD production of coke oven coke ............................................................................................. II.11

2. CONSUMPTION

Table 2.1: Table 2.2: Table 2.3: Table 2.4: Table 2.5:

World hard coal consumption......................................................................................................... II.15 World coking coal consumption ..................................................................................................... II.18 World steam coal consumption ...................................................................................................... II.20 World brown coal consumption...................................................................................................... II.23 OECD consumption of coke oven coke.......................................................................................... II.26

3. TRADE

Table 3.1: Table 3.2: Table 3.3: Table 3.4:

World and seaborne coal trade ....................................................................................................... II.29 World total hard coal trade ............................................................................................................. II.29 World steam coal trade ................................................................................................................... II.30 World coking coal trade ................................................................................................................. II.30

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

iv - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Table 3.5: Table 3.6: Table 3.7: Table 3.8: Table 3.9: Table 3.10: Table 3.11: Table 3.12: Table 3.13: Table 3.14: Table 3.15: Table 3.16: Table 3.17: Table 3.18: Table 3.19: Table 3.20: Table 3.21: Table 3.22:

World hard coal imports - regional aggregates............................................................................... II.31 World brown coal imports - regional aggregates............................................................................ II.31 World hard coal imports - selected countries ................................................................................. II.32 World brown coal imports - selected countries .............................................................................. II.32 World coking coal imports - regional aggregates ........................................................................... II.33 World steam coal imports - regional aggregates ............................................................................ II.33 World coking coal imports - selected countries.............................................................................. II.34 World steam coal imports - selected countries ............................................................................... II.34 OECD coke oven coke imports ..................................................................................................... II.35 World hard coal exports - regional aggregates .............................................................................. II.36 World brown coal exports - regional aggregates ............................................................................ II.36 World hard coal exports - selected countries .................................................................................. II.37 World brown coal exports - selected countries ............................................................................... II.37 World coking coal exports - regional aggregates ........................................................................... II.38 World steam coal exports - regional aggregates ............................................................................. II.38 World coking coal exports - selected countries .............................................................................. II.39 World steam coal exports - selected countries................................................................................ II.39 OECD coke oven coke exports ...................................................................................................... II.40

4. PRICES

Table 4.1: Table 4.2: Table 4.3: Table 4.4: Table 4.5: Table 4.6: Table 4.7: Table 4.8: Table 4.9:

Japan coking coal import costs ....................................................................................................... II.43 EU coking coal import costs from selected countries ..................................................................... II.43 Japan steam coal import costs ........................................................................................................ II.44 EU steam coal import costs from selected countries ...................................................................... II.44 Steam coal export costs .................................................................................................................. II.45 Coking coal export costs................................................................................................................. II.45 Coking coal prices for industry....................................................................................................... II.46 Steam coal prices for industry ........................................................................................................ II.47 Steam coal prices for electricity generation .................................................................................... II.48

5. COAL FOR OTHER USES

Table 5.1: Table 5.2: Table 5.3: Table 5.4:

OECD coal-fired and total electricity generating capacity ............................................................. II.51 OECD coal use for electricity production and heat sold................................................................. II.52 OECD coal use in coke ovens ........................................................................................................ II.53 World consumption of pulverised coal injection (PCI) coals ......................................................... II.53

6. CHARTS

Chart 1: Chart 2: Chart 3: Chart 4: Chart 5: Chart 6: Chart 7: Chart 8: Chart 9: Chart 10: Chart 11: Chart 12: Chart 13: Chart 14:

World steam and coking coal production ....................................................................................... II.57 World steam and coking coal trade ................................................................................................ II.57 Coking coal price CIF Japan and CIF EU member states (US$/t).................................................. II.58 Steam coal price CIF Japan and CIF EU member states (US$/t) ................................................... II.58 Steam coal price US FOB vs. US domestic (US$/t) ....................................................................... II.59 Steam coal price CIF EU member states (US$/t) and US exports (mt) .......................................... II.59 OECD total primary energy supply ................................................................................................ II.60 OECD coal consumption and indicators......................................................................................... II.60 Japan steam coal supply, imports, GDP annual growth rates ......................................................... II.61 EU member states steam coal supply, imports, GDP annual growth rates ..................................... II.61 Hard coal production by region ...................................................................................................... II.62 Hard coal consumption by region ................................................................................................... II.62 Hard coal imports by region ........................................................................................................... II.63 Hard coal exports by region............................................................................................................ II.63

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - v

PART III: DETAILED OECD COAL DATA Directory of part III charts and tables .............. III.3 Special notes for charts and tables ................... III.5 OECD Total ...........................................................III.7 OECD North America ..........................................III.17 OECD/IEA Pacific ...............................................III.26 OECD Europe ......................................................III.35 IEA Total .............................................................III.45 IEA North America ..............................................III.54 IEA Europe ..........................................................III.63 Australia ...............................................................III.72 Austria ..................................................................III.81 Belgium ................................................................III.89 Canada..................................................................III.98 Czech Republic ..................................................III.107 Denmark .............................................................III.116 Finland ...............................................................III.125 France .................................................................III.133 Germany.............................................................III.142 Greece ................................................................III.152 Hungary..............................................................III.160 Iceland ................................................................III.167 Ireland ................................................................III.174 Italy ....................................................................III.182 Japan ..................................................................III.190 Korea ..................................................................III.198 Luxembourg .......................................................III.206 Mexico ...............................................................III.213 Netherlands ........................................................III.220 New Zealand ......................................................III.230 Norway...............................................................III.237 Poland ................................................................III.245

Portugal ............................................................. III.254 Slovak Republic ................................................ III.262 Spain .................................................................. III.269 Sweden .............................................................. III.277 Switzerland ........................................................ III.285 Turkey ............................................................... III.292 United Kingdom ................................................ III.299 United States...................................................... III.308

PART IV: NON-OECD COAL DATA General notes ....................................................... IV.3 World coal supply and end-use statistics 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 to 2007 ........ IV.5 National coal balances and trade statistics: Brazil ................................................................... IV.13 Bulgaria ............................................................... IV.15 People’s Republic of China ................................. IV.17 Chinese Taipei ..................................................... IV.21 Colombia ............................................................. IV.23 Hong Kong, China ............................................... IV.26 India ..................................................................... IV.28 Indonesia ............................................................. IV.30 Israel .................................................................... IV.33 Kazakhstan .......................................................... IV.35 Romania............................................................... IV.39 Russia .................................................................. IV.41 South Africa ........................................................ IV.44 Ukraine ................................................................ IV.47 Venezuela ............................................................ IV.51 Vietnam ............................................................... IV.53

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

vi - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Units and technical abbreviations t kt Mt toe Mtoe tce Mtce kcal MBtu GWh $

: : : : : : : : : : :

metric ton = tonne = 1000 kg thousand tonnes million tonnes tonne of oil equivalent million tonnes of oil equivalent tonne of coal equivalent (= 0.7 toe) million tonnes of coal equivalent kilocalories (103 calories) million British thermal units million kilowatt hours US dollars (unless otherwise specified)

CIF FAS FOB GDP GCV PCI TPES

: : : : : : :

cost, insurance and freight free alongside ship free on board Gross Domestic Product gross calorific value coals for pulverised injection Total Primary Energy Supply

EU FSU OECD UN

: : : :

European Union Former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics/Soviet Union Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development United Nations

0 or 0.0 : negligible c e .. x

: : : : :

confidential estimated not available nil not applicable

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - vii

INTRODUCTION IEA Coal Information 2009 is the latest edition of an annual publication intended to provide sound market information on coal to policy and market analysts, and those employed in all sectors of the coal industry. This monitoring and reporting of historical trends and current energy market situation provides a strong foundation for policy and market analysis, to better inform the policy decision process toward selecting policy instruments that are best suited to meet domestic and/or international objectives. IEA Coal Information 2009 brings together in one volume the basic statistics compiled by the IEA on coal supply, consumption, trade and prices. It also includes information on coal by-products. The chapter Principles and Definitions provides important documentation that will assist the reader in correctly using the data in this publication, and to understand the details of statistical methodology and collection practices related to the coal data. This information is structured as follows: 1. General notes Sources Units and conversions Notes on energy sources and flows Price data Quarterly energy statistics 2. Geographical coverage 3. Country notes 4. Conversion factors and calorific values Part I of the publication provides a review of world coal market developments in 2008. It covers world coal production and coal reserves, coal consumption by type (hard, steam, coking), hard coal trade and hard coal prices. This edition of the Coal Information will also acquaint the reader with ongoing analytical work at the

IEA, and in particular an overview on the current and future utilization of coal as a key energy component of fossil-fuelled electric power generation. Part II provides the reference tables to Part I review on coal production, consumption, trade and prices. Part III provides, in tabular and graphic form, a more detailed and comprehensive statistical picture of coal developments in the 30 OECD member countries, by region and individually. In addition, calorific values used for preparing national energy balances, and exchange rates used for the reporting of prices in US dollars are presented. Part IV provides for selected non-OECD countries summary statistics on hard coal supply and end-use statistics for about 40 countries and regions worldwide. Complete coal balances and coal trade data for selected years are presented on sixteen major nonOECD coal producing and consuming countries. OECD data are taken from IEA/OECD databases of Energy Statistics that are based on annual and quarterly submissions from OECD Member countries to the Secretariat. The Energy Statistics Division of the IEA Secretariat works closely with national administration to secure consistency in time series and with IEA product definitions and reporting conventions. This effort is supplemented by surveys of energy industry publications, national statistics reports and other material. The finalized data provide the basis for IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and Energy Statistics of OECD Countries. The non-OECD data are based upon information collected by the IEA Secretariat, official national submissions to the United Nations in Geneva and New York, national energy publications. The resulting synthesis is published in Energy Balances of NonOECD Countries and Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries. Users of this publication are directed to the Methodology Section of those publications for more

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

viii - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

detail on individual non-Member countries covered in the publication.

Mr. Michel Francoeur had overall responsibility for this publication.

Price data in Part I, II and III are derived from the quarterly publication Energy Prices and Taxes. Readers should consult this IEA/OECD publication for detailed information on methodology, data coverage and data sources.

Also in the IEA Secretariat, thanks are due to the non-OECD Member countries section headed by Ms. Roberta Quadrelli, and to the OECD Balances section headed by Ms. Karen Tréanton.

All of Part III tables and selected tables from Part II and IV are available on CD-ROM. Information on ordering CD-ROM and other energy statistics publications is available at the end of this book, and on the IEA website at http://www.iea.org. In addition, a data service is available on the internet, which provides unlimited access through an annual subscription as well as the possibility to obtain data on a pay-per-view basis. Details are available at http://data.iea.org. Further information on reporting methodologies is also available on the IEA Web site. Annual energy data are collected by the Energy Statistics Division (ESD) of the IEA Secretariat, headed by Mr. Jean-Yves Garnier. OECD coal statistics in ESD were the responsibility of Mr. Julian Smith. Mr. Jung Woo Lee contributed to Part I, Part II and Part IV.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

The Secretariat would also like to thank the Energy Technology Policy division for the featured article in Part I, adapted from Chapter 7 of the IEA’s Energy Technology Perspectives 2008: Strategies and Scenarios to 2050 with some subsequent updates by Mr Brian Ricketts. Editorial and secretarial support from Ms. Sharon Burghgraeve is also gratefully acknowledged. Enquiries, comments and suggestions are welcome and should be addressed to: Michel Francoeur or Julian Smith Energy Statistics Division, International Energy Agency 9, rue de la Fédération 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France Telephone: (33) (1) 40 57 66 31 or 40 57 65 41 Telefax: (33) (1) 40 57 66 49 E-mail: [email protected]

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - ix

1. PRINCIPLES AND DEFINITIONS General notes Energy data for OECD countries in IEA Secretariat databases begin in 1960 with the following exceptions for coal: for Hungary data begin in 1965, and for the Czech Republic, Korea, Mexico and the Slovak Republic data are available from 1971. Prior to 1970, German statistics refer to the former Federal Republic of Germany. Data from 1970 include the new federal states of Germany. The fuels listed as “Solar, wind, tide” include wave and ocean, unless otherwise noted. Energy flows data reported for 2008 (shown as 2008e) are preliminary estimates based on the submissions received in early 2009 and on quarterly submissions to the IEA from member countries. Statistics of non-OECD countries presented in this publication are based on available data at time of publishing and may differ from the final non-OECD data to be published in Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries. Additional information on methodologies and reporting conventions are included in the notes in Energy Balances of OECD Countries 2009 Edition and Energy Statistics of OECD Countries 2009 Edition.

Qualifiers Data marked as ‘e’ are the estimates of the IEA secretariat. Data point marked as ‘c’ means that data are confidential due to country specific regulations. Data point marked as ‘..’ mean that data are not available (either not collected or not submitted by national government). Data point marked as ‘x’ means that this data point is not applicable, there is no meaningful explanation of a value there (for example we can not

show unit price if there was no trade or if the consumption in the country is forbidden).

Revisions to blast furnace coke and PCI data Data on coke used and pulverised coal injected in the blast furnace (PCI) are harmonized for all OECD countries in order to ensure that steam and coking coal consumption data are consistently presented and that comparisons between countries for consumption are meaningful. The main effect of these revisions has been to revise the reported consumption of coal in the iron and steel industry. It should be noted that in IEA statistics of coal trade and consumption, PCI is not separately specified; rather it is included with steam coal for all countries (except Japan). This classification is based on the fact that most PCI coal is of a steam coal quality and not coking coal quality. For Japan, PCI consumption is reported in this book as a coking coal in order to be consistent with the Japanese practice of including imports of PCI coal with coking coal.

Data sources Historical data (1960-2007) The annual historical in Part III of this report are taken from the IEA/OECD databases of energy statistics which are based on annual submissions from all OECD Member countries.

i)

IEA/OECD coal statistics

This database of annual statistics for OECD countries covers all primary solid fuels, derived fuels and related manufactured gases. It contains detailed supply/

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

x - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

demand balances for each fuel, as well as information on coal trade by origin and destination. The main data from this system are published annually in the IEA/OECD publication Coal Information.

ii) IEA/OECD electricity statistics This database of annual statistics for OECD countries covers generating capacity and electricity production from main activity producers (formerly known as public) and autoproducers plants. It includes information on electricity production by fuel type and supply/demand balances for electricity and for heat sold to third parties from different types of power and heat plants. The main data from this system are published annually in the IEA/OECD publication Electricity Information.

iii) IEA/OECD oil and gas statistics This database of annual statistics for OECD countries covers crude oil, NGL, refinery feedstocks and natural gas, as well as derived petroleum products. It includes detailed supply/demand balances, trade by origin and destination and stock levels and changes. The main data from this system are published annually in the IEA/OECD publications Oil Information and Natural Gas Information.

iv) IEA/OECD renewables statistics This database of annual statistics for OECD countries covers hydro, solid biomass, geothermal, renewable municipal waste, wind, gas from biomass, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal, tide/wave/ocean, nonrenewable municipal waste and industrial waste. It includes detailed supply/demand balances.

vi) IEA/OECD energy balances Overall energy balances are constructed annually for all OECD countries from the basic energy statistics described above. The overall energy balance data are expressed in a common energy unit of tons of oil equivalent (toe) and presented in a standard matrix format. The balances are published annually in the IEA/OECD publication Energy Balances of OECD Countries in which detailed country notes referring to historical data can be found.

vii) IEA/OECD energy prices and taxes The statistics are discussed separately below. The prices and taxes are published quarterly in IEA/OECD Energy Prices and Taxes.

viii) Energy statistics of non-OECD countries The annual historical data for non-OECD countries presented in Part IV of this report are taken from IEA/OECD databases of energy statistics of nonOECD countries. These databases are compiled from data submitted annually to the IEA Secretariat in questionnaires from non-OECD Member countries of the UN ECE, from data provided by other international organisations (UN in New York, OLADE in Quito, APEC in Tokyo and FAO in Rome), from direct communications with national administrations, industry contacts and from published sources.

The main data from this system are published annually in the IEA/OECD publication Renewables Information.

The main data from this data system are published annually in the IEA/OECD publications Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries and Energy Balances of NonOECD Countries. Detailed country notes referring to historical data can be found in these publications.

v) IEA/OECD energy statistics

Preliminary 2008 data - 2008e

This annual database integrates data from the four IEA/OECD statistical database systems listed above to provide a summary of energy supply and demand for each OECD country. It includes detailed statistics on production, trade and consumption for each source of energy, expressed in original units (e.g. metric tons TJ, GWh). The main data from this data system are published annually in the IEA/OECD publication Energy Statistics of OECD Countries. Detailed country notes referring to historical data can be found in this publication.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Data reported for the year 2008 in this publication are preliminary and presented as 2008e. Final 2008 data on solid fuels and manufactured gases will be submitted by OECD Member countries to the Secretariat in annual questionnaires in late 2009. As a result, final data for 2008 and preliminary 2009 data will be published in the 2010 edition of Coal Information in July 2010. Selected coal data for 2008 for some non-OECD countries have been estimated by the Secretariat.

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - xi

Units and conversions Conversion (to toe)

Note that billion refers to thousand million (109). Also, in many cases totals shown in the tables may not be the sum of their components due to independent rounding.

All units in this publication are metric units.

Factors related to specific fuels

Most IEA/OECD publications showing inter-fuel relations and projections present such information in a common energy unit, the ton of oil equivalent (toe). A ton of oil equivalent is defined as 107 kcal (41.868 GJ), a convenient measure because it is approximately the net heat content of one ton of average crude oil.

Crude oil

Conversion from native units to tonnes of oil equivalent requires choosing coefficients of equivalence between different forms and sources of energy. Adopting a single equivalence for each major primary energy source in all countries, e.g. 29 307 kJ/kg (7 000 kcal/kg) for hard coal, 41 868 kJ/kg (10 000 kcal/kg) for oil, etc is flawed because it results in distortions due to a wide spread in calorific values between types of coal and individual coal products from country to country and purpose to purpose.

These are average conversion factors, with the same factor used to convert production, imports, and exports as well as all consumption.

The Secretariat has therefore obtained specific calorific factors supplied by the national administrations for the main categories of each quality of coal and for each flow or use (i.e. production, imports, exports, electricity generation, coke ovens, blast furnaces and industry). The set of particular national calorific values that allow for the conversion of energy sources from original (physical) units to megajoules are presented in the tables on page xxvii. The balances are expressed in terms of net calorific value. The difference between net and gross being the latent heat of vaporisation of the water produced during combustion of the fuel. For coal and oil, net calorific value is usually around 5 per cent less than gross and for most forms of natural and manufactured gas the difference is 9-10 per cent. The use of net calorific value is consistent with the practice of the Statistical Offices of the European Communities and the United Nations. In this report some data are reported in terms of tonnes of coal equivalent (tce) because this unit is more widely used in the international coal industry. A tonne of coal equivalent is defined as 7 million kilocalories. The relation between tonne of oil equivalent (toe) and tonne of coal equivalent (tce) is therefore: 1 tce = 0.7 toe

A single net calorific value is used by the IEA for each Member Country; these values are shown in the tables in the IEA/OECD publication Energy Balances of OECD Countries.

Petroleum products Up until last year, petroleum products were converted using a single set of net calorific values for all countries. Last year the IEA instigated regional conversion factors (in conjunction with Eurostat for the European countries) for the petroleum products. The net calorific values shown below are used per regional split for all countries and all years. Regional net calorific values for petroleum products Petroleum products (kJ/kg)

Europe

North America

Pacific

Refinery gas

49 500

48 100

48 100

Ethane

49 500

49 400

49 400

Liquefied petroleum gases

46 000

47 300

47 700

Motor gasoline

44 000

44 800

44 600

Aviation gasoline

44 000

44 800

44 600

Gasoline type jet fuel

43 000

44 800

44 600

Kerosene type jet fuel

43 000

44 600

44 500

Kerosene

43 000

43 800

42 900

Gas/diesel oil

42 600

42 600

42 600

Residual fuel oil

40 000

40 200

42 600

Naphtha

44 000

45 000

43 200

White spirit

43 600

43 000

43 000

Lubricants

42 000

42 000

42 900

Bitumen

39 000

40 000

38 800

Paraffin waxes Petroleum coke Non-specified petroleum products

40 000 32 000

32 000

33 800

40 000

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

xii - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Coal Separate net calorific values for coal production, imports, exports, inputs to power plants, coal used in coke ovens, coal used in blast furnaces, coal used in industry and coal other uses are submitted annually by national administrations to the Secretariat. Conversion factors for average net calorific value for each OECD member country for 2006 are shown in the table on page xxvii.

Gas In the IEA/OECD publication Energy Statistics of OECD Countries all data on gases are expressed in terajoules, on the basis of their gross calorific value. 1 terajoule = 0.00002388 Mtoe. To calculate the net heat content of a gas from its gross heat content, multiply the gross heat content by the appropriate following factor: Natural gas Gas works gas Coke oven gas Blast furnace gas Oxygen steel furnace gas

0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0

Electricity Figures for electricity production, trade, and final consumption are calculated using the energy content of the electricity, i.e. at a rate of 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe. Hydro-electricity production (excluding pumped storage) and electricity produced by other non-thermal means (wind, tide, photovoltaic, etc.), are accounted for similarly using 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe. However, the primary energy equivalent of nuclear electricity is calculated from the gross generation by assuming a 33% efficiency, i.e. 1 TWh = (0.086 ÷ 0.33) Mtoe. In the case of electricity produced from geothermal heat the primary equivalent is calculated assuming an efficiency of 10%, so 1 TWh = (0.086 ÷ 0.1) Mtoe, unless the actual value is known.

Heat Information on heat is supplied to the Secretariat in terajoules.

Other fuels The net heat content of other fuels, expressed in terajoules, is also supplied to the Secretariat by administrations. The Secretariat receives information on volumes and other characteristics only for certain aggregates of these fuels. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Notes on energy sources and flows Coal Coal is a family name for a variety of solid organic fuels and refers to a whole range of combustible sedimentary rock materials spanning a continuous quality scale. For convenience, this continuous series is often divided into four categories: x x x x

Anthracite Bituminous coal Sub-bituminous coal Lignite/brown coal

In cases where data presented in Mtoe or Mtce in this book and sourced to OECD/IEA Energy Balances, the term “Coal” includes all primary coal types (including hard coal and brown coal), peat and coal products (including patent fuel, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, BKB, coke oven gas, blast furnace gas, and oxygen steel furnace gas). Classification of different types of coal into practical categories for use at an international level is difficult for two reasons: Divisions between coal categories vary between classification systems, both national and international, based on calorific value, volatile matter content, fixed carbon content, caking and coking properties, or some combination of two or more of these criteria. Although the relative value of the coals within a particular category depends on the degree of dilution by moisture and ash and contamination by sulphur, chlorine, phosphorous and certain trace elements, these factors do not affect the divisions between categories. Coal quality can vary and it is not always possible to ensure that available descriptive and analytical information is truly representative of the body of coal to which it refers. The International Coal Classification of the Economic Commission for Europe (UN/ECE) recognises two broad categories of coal: i) Hard coal - Coal of gross calorific value greater than 5 700 kcal/kg (23.9 GJ/t) on an ash-free but moist basis and with a mean random reflectance of vitrinite of at least 0.6.

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - xiii

ii) Brown coal - Non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value less than 5 700 kcal/kg (23.9 GJ/t) containing more than 31 per cent volatile matter on a dry mineral matter free basis. The IEA has adopted these definitions of hard coal and brown coal in this book and in other publications for presenting statistics relating to coal production, trade and consumption. It should be stressed that this classification system is based on the inherent qualities of the coal in question and not on the final use of the coal. In this way the classification system attempts to be objective and simple to apply. Primary coal used in pulverised (or granular) coal injection in blast furnaces is commonly abbreviated to PCI (or GCI) coal. (In this book PCI should be read to include GCI). The IEA does not have a separate category for PCI as the term defines a particular end-use for coal. In IEA statistics, PCI is included in steam coal (except for Japan where it is included with coking coal). Data presented in this book may be different from that presented in the national publications of countries because countries may have adopted a different coal classification and reporting system that better suits their particular national needs. As far as possible national coal statistics reported by the IEA in this book and in other publications have been adjusted to be consistent with the IEA definitions noted above. Furthermore, in order to improve the information base for coal market analysis and projections, these two categories of coal have been further sub-divided in IEA/OECD Coal Statistics from 1978 as follows:

Hard coal Hard coal is calculated as the sum of coking coal and steam coal. Coking coal: defined as hard coal with a quality that allows the production of coke suitable to support a blast furnace charge. Steam coal: defined as all other hard coal not classified as coking coal. Also included are recovered slurries, middlings and other low-grade coal products not further classified by type. Coal of this quality is also commonly known as thermal coal. Note that for the countries listed below, steam coal also includes sub-bituminous coal - Australia,

Belgium, Finland, France, Iceland, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Portugal and the United States. Except for these 11 countries, steam coal for all other countries in the world is equivalent to the sum of anthracite and other bituminous coal.

Brown coal/lignite Brown coal is calculated as the sum of sub-bituminous coal and lignite. Sub-bituminous coal: defined as non-agglomerating coals with a gross calorific value between 4 165 kcal/kg (17.4 GJ/t) and 5 700 kcal/kg (23.9 GJ/t). Lignite: defined as non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value less than 4 165 kcal/kg (17.4 GJ/t). Note that for 11 countries (listed above), subbituminous coal is included in steam coal and not brown coal. Peat is defined as a combustible soft, porous or compressed fossil sedimentary deposit of plant origin with high water content (up to 90 per cent in the raw state), easily cut, of light to dark brown colour.

Coal products Derived solid fuels are products resulting from the transformation or manufacturing of hard coal, brown coal or other primary solid fuels, sometimes with the addition of other materials.

Patent fuel Patent fuel is a composition fuel manufactured from coal fines by shaping with the addition of a binding agent such as pitch.

Coke oven coke Coke oven coke is the solid product obtained from carbonisation of coal, principally coking coal, at high temperature. Semi-coke, the solid product obtained from the carbonisation of coal at low temperature is also included along with coke and semi-coke made from lignite.

Gas coke A by-product of hard coal used for production of town gas in gas works. Gas coke is used for heating purposes. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

xiv - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Coal tar

x Municipal waste

Coal tar is the liquid by-product of the destructive distillation of bituminous coal to make coke in the coke oven process. Coal tar can also be the result of low-temperature carbonisation of brown coal. Coal tar can be further distilled into different organic products (e.g. benzene, toluene, naphthalene), which normally would be reported as a feedstock to the petrochemical industry.

x Industrial waste

Brown coal briquettes (BKB) BKB are composition fuels manufactured from brown coal. The brown coal is crushed, dried and moulded under high pressure into an even shaped briquette without the addition of binders. Peat briquettes, dried brown coke, fines and dust and brown coal breeze are also included.

Coke oven gas Coke oven gas is obtained as a by-product of solid fuel carbonisation and gasification operations carried out by coke producers and iron and steel plants not connected with gas works and municipal gas plants.

Blast furnace gas Blast furnace gas is obtained as a by-product in operating blast furnaces; recovered on leaving the furnace and used partly within the plant and partly in other steel industry processes or used in power stations equipped to burn it.

Oxygen steel furnace gas This gas is obtained as a by-product of the production of steel in an oxygen furnace; it is recovered on leaving the furnace. The gas is also known as converter gas, LD gas or BOS gas.

Other fuels Combustible renewable and wastes This category includes all primary combustible fuels other than coal, peat, oil, natural gas and secondary products derived from them. Products may be solid, liquid or gas and cover biomass and materials of animal origin (not necessarily in solid form). In IEA/OECD publications, this category is divided into four parts: x Solid biomass and animal products x Gases and liquids derived from biomass INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Particular fuels include wood, wood-waste, straw, “black liquor” (a residual from the paper industry), domestic, industrial and municipal waste, landfill gas and sludge gas. Also included are alcohol’s and esters produced from biomass.

Oil Includes crude oil, refinery feedstocks, natural gas liquids, additives, hydrocarbons not of crude oil origin and all petroleum products: LPG, refinery gas, ethane, aviation gasoline, motor gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, gas/diesel oil, residual fuel oil, naphtha, white spirit, lubricants, bitumen, paraffin waxes, petroleum coke and other petroleum products.

Gas Includes natural gas (excluding natural gas liquids) and gas works gas (town gas).

Nuclear, hydro, geothermal and solar (includes wind, tide, wave and ocean unless listed separately). Nuclear includes primary heat equivalent of the electricity produced by a nuclear power plant with an average thermal efficiency of 33%. Hydro includes the energy content of the electricity produced in hydropower plants. Hydro output excludes output from pumped storage plants. Geothermal and solar (including wind, tide, wave and ocean) includes indigenous production of geothermal, solar, wind, tide and wave energy and the use of these energy forms for electricity generation. Unless the actual efficiency of the geothermal process is known, the quantity of geothermal energy entering electricity production at geothermal plants is assuming an average thermal efficiency of 10%. For solar, wind, tide and wave electrical energy, the quantities entering electricity generation are equal to the electrical energy generated.

Heat and electricity Data collection has been expanded to obtain more disaggregated data on inputs and outputs of ‘combined heat and power’ and on ‘district heating’. Data on heat became available in different years for different countries and thus aggregated country data should be used with caution. Total electricity production includes production from both main activity producers (formerly known as public) and autoproducers. Generally, the split of total electricity production between

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - xv

main activity producers and autoproducers is available only after 1973. However, for the United States no data are available for autoproducers prior to 1989. For Australia, Japan and New Zealand electricity data refer to fiscal years.

Price data Energy prices are published quarterly in the IEA/OECD Energy Prices and Taxes. IEA data on coal prices are managed in two sub-systems: They vary not only in content but also with respect to the data collection methods. x Import and export unit values x End-user prices

Import and export unit values Import and export unit values are calculated quarterly (March, June, September and December) from national customs statistics import and export volumes and values. The basic data are collected from monthly national trade sources (Japan, United States, Australia and Canada) or provided monthly to the IEA by the Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat). Values recorded at the import stage are the sum of cost, insurance and freight (CIF) but exclude import duties. Values recorded at the export stage (FOB), exclude seaborne or international transport, but include inland transport costs of the exporting country. As far as possible the concept of ‘general imports and exports’ is used. This includes coal imports for reexport with or without processing but excludes transit trade. The definitions of coal categories and the volume and value units used in each of the above source systems vary considerably. A certain amount of regrouping and unit conversions is necessary once the basic data are compiled. The rules for regrouping coal categories are consistent with the definitions used in the annual IEA/OECD coal statistics. Prices are compiled for steam coal and for coking coal. Definitions and the correspondence to national and European classifications are discussed in detail in the quarterly IEA publication Energy Prices and Taxes. Comments in Energy Prices and Taxes on certain data items as well as general background information are developed systematically. Data comments

relate mainly to calorific values of specific coal trade flows, and to national coal definitions. Background information covers duties and trade regulations.

End-user prices End-user prices are collected quarterly from national administrations and other relevant bodies and supplemented with data extracted from national publications. Although a standard approach to reporting the data has been developed, differences in definitions between countries are explained in the notes published in Energy Prices and Taxes. The standard approach to reporting end-use prices can be summarised as follows: x include transport costs to the consumer; x show prices actually paid, i.e. net of rebates; x include taxes which have to be paid by the consumer as part of the transaction and which are not refundable. This excludes value added tax paid in many European countries by industry (including electric power stations) for all goods and services (including energy). In these cases value added tax is refunded to the customer, usually in the form of a tax credit. Therefore it is not shown as part of prices. A standard coal quality for international comparisons of end-use prices is not possible given the wide variety of coal qualities in domestic and international coal trade. As a result, only average prices covering different qualities are collected, along with the calorific value of these average qualities. If average prices are not available, prices of a selected coal may be chosen. Accordingly, international comparisons of coal enduse prices may be misleading. Detailed notes concerning these price series are published in Energy Prices and Taxes. Also please refer to Energy Prices and Taxes for detailed description of price mechanism in each country and country specific notes.

Derived price data The information collected on prices is converted by the IEA Secretariat into a variety of secondary data in order to facilitate its analysis. Inter-fuel price comparisons for one country are usually made on the basis of prices per heat unit such as a tonne of coal equivalent. (In the end-user price tables, the conversion factor used for converting gross calories to net calories for natural gas is 0.9).

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

xvi - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Inter-country price comparisons are made on the basis of a standard currency unit, e.g., US dollars. Prices for regional totals are calculated as weighted average of available price data in the region and therefore prices shown should be considered only indicative.

Quarterly energy statistics Readers who are interested in very recent data should consult the OECD/IEA publication Oil, Gas Coal and Electricity Quarterly Statistics which is published in January, March, June and September each year. This book provides rapid, accurate and detailed statistics on quarterly production, supply and demand and trade of the major energy forms mainly in, but not limited to, the OECD area.

-

Crude, NGL and feedstock imports from 47 origins and exports to 24 destinations;

-

Trade data for main product groups, LPG and naphtha; imports from 43 origins and exports to 30 destinations;

-

Imports from 26 origins and exports to 15 destinations;

-

Trade data for main product groups, LPG and naphta; imports from 43 origins and exports to 30 destinations;

Natural gas -

Balances of supply and consumption of OECD Member Countries.

Coal

The information contained in this publication consists of:

Oil -

-

Production of crude oil and NGL for the major producers in the world. Refinery balances for crude oil, NGL, refinery feedstocks, and total (including inputs of origin other than crude oil and NGL); Complete product balances of production, trade, refinery intake and output, final consumption, stock levels and changes;

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

-

World hard coal and brown coal production;

-

World steam coal and coking coal trade;

-

Coking coal and steam coal imports and exports for major OECD countries;

Electricity -

Electricity production, (separately from combustible fuel, nuclear, hydro and other sources) imports, exports and (apparent) consumption in each of the 30 OECD Member countries.

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - xvii

2. GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE Australia excludes the overseas territories. Denmark excludes the Danish Faroes and Greenland. France includes Monaco but excludes the French overseas territories Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyane, Reunion, St.-Pierre and Miquelon, New Caledonia and French Polynesia. Italy includes San Marino and the Vatican. Japan includes Okinawa. The Netherlands excludes Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles. Portugal includes the Açores and Madeira. Spain includes the Canary Islands. Switzerland does not include Liechtenstein. United States includes 50 States and the District of Columbia. OECD Total comprises Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. With the exception of Iceland, Mexico, all 30 OECD member countries are also member countries of the IEA. The following countries are included in the regional aggregates. OECD Total is the sum of the three regional aggregates. OECD North America comprises Canada, Mexico and the United States.

OECD Europe comprises Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. OECD Pacific comprises Australia, Japan, Korea and New Zealand. IEA regional totals include only IEA Member countries and therefore exclude non-IEA Members, shown in italics above. Please note that all OECD Pacific countries are also members of IEA and therefore we refer to it as OECD/IEA Pacific. Africa includes Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Other Africa. Latin America includes Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela and Other Latin America. Asia includes Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Chinese Taipei, India, Indonesia, DPR of Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam and Other Asia.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

xviii - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

China includes the People’s Republic of China and Hong Kong (China). Non-OECD Europe includes Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus1, Gibraltar, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM), Malta, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia2 and Slovenia.

1. Note by Turkey: With respect to the Cyprus question, Turkey reserves its position as stated in its declaration of 1 May 2004. The information in the report under the heading Cyprus relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Commission: The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this report relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. 2. Data for Serbia include Montenegro until 2004 and Kosovo until 1999.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Former USSR3 includes Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Republic of Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. Middle East includes Bahrain, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.

3. Data is shown only under Former USSR until 1989. After 1990, data is shown by country only.

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - xix

3. COUNTRY NOTES In many cases data submitted by Member countries to the Secretariat do not conform to the standard reporting methodology or have other particular characteristics. Information set out below will assist readers to interpret data for particular countries and aid in the comparison of data among countries.

last lignite mine closed in the second quarter of 20042004 and lignite usage for power generation ceased in 2006. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Belgium Australia All data refer to the fiscal year, (e.g. July 2006 to June 2007 for 2007). For the 2002 data, the Australian Administration has started to use a new survey methodology which has caused shifts in the structure of industry consumption. The Australian Administration is planning to revise the historical series. Data on blast furnace gas for electricity production by autoproducers begins in 1986. Consumption in wood and wood products is included in paper, pulp and print from 2001 onwards. The drop in BKB production in 2004 was due to a fire in the main production plant. Domestic production and consumption of anthracite is reported as bituminous coal. Usage of PCI in blast furnaces is occurring, but is currently not quantified. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Austria Historical revisions by the Austrian Administration have resulted in some breaks in series between 1989 and 1990. Other bituminous coal includes hard coal briquettes. "Trockenkohle" is included with BKB because of its high calorific value. Since 1994, gas works gas is reported with natural gas because it is distributed in the same network. The amount of gas works gas is negligible and it is mostly consumed by households. The

Sub-bituminous coal data refer to recovered coal products. Production of other bituminous coal ceased on 31 August 1992. Production includes the recuperation of coal from coal dumps. The use of coke oven gas in the chemical and petrochemical sector ceased in 1996. The decrease of bituminous coal and coke oven coke in the iron and steel sector in 2002 is due to the closure of several plants. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Canada Due to the unavailability of data, non-energy use of coke oven coke and hard coal is included with final consumption sectors prior to 1978 and 1980 respectively. Before 1978, lignite inputs to main activity producer heat plants are included in final consumption. Starting in 1979, these inputs are included in main activity producer electricity plants. Due to a Canadian confidentiality law, starting in 2002, some of the disaggregation of primary coal has been estimated by IEA Secretariat. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Czech Republic Data are available starting in 1971. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

xx - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

End-use consumption data were submitted by the Czech Administration starting with 1996 data. Due to economic restructuring in the end-use consumption sectors in the late 1990s (big state enterprises subdividing and/or privatising and the utilisation of new technologies by businesses), there might be breaks in time series in these sectors. Prior to 1993, consumption was estimated by the Secretariat. Data for 1990 to 1995 were estimated based on the Czech publication Energy Economy Year Book. In 1995, town gas production ceased. Beginning in 1996, the Czech Administration reported gas works gas in autoproducer CHP. In 1997, coke oven gas consumption in chemical and petrochemical stopped. Also in 1997, other bituminous coal started being extracted at a deeper level, which increased the calorific value of this coal. Revisions by the Czech Administration have resulted in some breaks in series between 2001 and 2002. Production from other sources of sub-bituminous coal in 2004 are coal slurries. In the 2008 edition, the classification was changed between other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal and lignite for 1990 onwards. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Denmark In the 2004 edition, major revisions were made by the Danish Administration for the 1990 to 2001 data, which may cause breaks in time series between 1989 and 1990. A large increase of steam coal imports in 2003 is related to a draught in Scandinavia. Thermal power plants were operated more intensively to replace hydro-generated electricity that is consumed in the country. Additionally, more coal-generated electricity was exported to other countries in the region. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Finland A new survey system and a reclassification of the data lead to breaks in the time series between 1999 and 2000 for most products and sectors. The new survey system is more detailed and has better product coverage especially in electricity, CHP and heat production, as well as in industry. A large increase of steam coal imports in 2003 is related to a draught in Scandinavia. Thermal power plants were operated more intensively to replace hydro-generated electricity that is consumed in the INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

country. Additionally, more coal-generated electricity was exported to other countries in the region. Likewise, peat production is highly dependant upon favourable weather conditions and pricing of other fuels. The first coking plant started operation in 1987, hence imports of coking coal and production of coke oven coke and coke oven gas started in that year. The increase of other bituminous coal inputs into main activity producer electricity plants from 1993 to 1994 was due to coal replacing imported electricity and hydro power. Production of gas works gas ceased in April 1994. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

France Prior to 1985, consumption of colliery gas is included with the use of coke oven gas by autoproducers. Final consumption in industry is estimated by the Secretariat from 1986 to 2001 for some products. For 1989 to 1998, the Secretariat has estimated industry consumption based on Consommations d’Energie dans l‘Industrie, SESSI. BKB data for 1994 are Secretariat estimates. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Germany German data include the new federal states of Germany from 1970 onwards. Figures for quantities used for non-energy purposes became available from 1970. Prior to this, non-energy uses are included with consumption in the respective final consumption sectors. Due to reclassification of several sectors by the German Administration, breaks in series may occur between 1990 and 1992; this particularly affects BKB, lignite and coke oven coke. BKB inputs to gas works plants stopped in 1997. Breaks in series may occur between 1998 and 1999 for coke oven gas and blast furnace gas. Up to 2003, other bituminous coal includes anthracite. Breaks in the series for coke oven gas from 2007 are due to a change in statistical source. Consumption of non renewable municipal waste and other solid biomass as a reductant occurs in German blast furnaces, but is not currently quantified. Likewise, coal tar is a by-product of coke ovens, but not currently reported. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - xxi

Greece

series for own use of peat from 1989 to 1990. Patent fuel data from 2007 is confidential. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Electricity production using hard coal ceased in 1989. A new main activity producer electricity plant using imported bituminous coal was brought on-line in 1991. Production of gas works gas ceased in 1997. Lignite is used in main activity producer CHP plants since 1997. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Hungary Data are available from 1965. Due to sale of an autoproducer power plant, breaks in series occur for coke oven gas and blast furnace gas between 1997 and 1998. From 1999, the production of sub-bituminous coal has been included with lignite/ brown coal due to the low quality of the coal. The use of this domestic coal in main activity producer electricity and CHP plants has also been reclassified to lignite/brown coal. The time series for coke oven coke transformed into blast furnace gas and consumed for energy purposes in the iron and steel industry have been adjusted by the IEA using standard modeling. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Iceland Prior to 1970, final consumption includes inputs and outputs to heat production. The industrial classifications used by the Icelandic Administration were changed in 1987. Final consumption increased in 2000 due to a new iron and steel plant coming on-line. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Ireland Production data for peat briquettes (reported as BKB) are available from 1975. Low production of peat in 1985 was due to a poor “harvest”. The production of gas works gas ceased in 1987 due to fuel switching to natural gas. Other bituminous coal inputs to main activity producer electricity plants increased from 1986 due to three new generating units at Moneypoint coming on-line. A reclassification causes a break in the

Italy From 2000 onwards, the Italian Administration defines electricity production from autoproducers as including generation from producers consuming more than 70% of their own production. However for the 2000 to 2002 period, all electricity production from autoproducers is reported with main activity producers. From 1986 onwards, figures from lignite are given using the same methodology as in the Bilancio Energetico Nazionale. In 1991, all industrial activities were reclassified on the basis of ISTAT/NACE 91. This has implied some transfers of activities which may result in some anomalies between 1991 and earlier years. Due to a change in the survey system, breaks in series may occur between 1997 and 1998 for final consumption. From 2000 onwards, the Italian Administration defines electricity production from autoproducers as including generation from producers consuming more than 70% of their own production. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Japan For four consecutive years, the IEA received revisions from the Japanese Administration. The first set of revisions received in 2004 increased the 1990 supply by 5% for coal, 2% for natural gas and 0.7% for oil compared to the previous data. This led to an increase of 2.5% in 1990 CO2 emissions calculated using the reference approach while the sectoral approach remained fairly constant. For the 2006 edition, the IEA received revisions to the coal and oil data which have had a significant impact on both the energy data and the CO2 emissions. The most significant revisions occurred for coke oven coke, naphtha, blast furnace gas and petroleum coke. These revisions affected consumption rather than supply in the years concerned. As a result, the sectoral approach CO2 emissions have increased for all the years, however at different rates. For example, the sectoral approach CO2 emissions for 1990 were 4.6% higher than those calculated for the 2005 edition while the 2003 emissions were 1.1% higher than those of the previous edition. Due to the impact these successive revisions have had on the final energy balance as well as on CO2 emissions, the INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

xxii - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

IEA was in close contact with the Japanese Administration to better understand the reasons behind these changes. These changes were mainly due to the Government of Japan's efforts to improve the input-output balances in the production of oil products and coal products in response to inquiries from the UNFCCC Secretariat. To cope with this issue, the Japanese Administration established a working group in March 2004. The working group completed its work in April 2006. Many of its conclusions were incorporated in the 2006 edition, but some further revisions to the time series (especially in the industry and other sectors) were submitted for the 2007 edition. Starting in 1990, data are reported on a fiscal year basis (e.g. April 2006 to March 2007 for 2006). From 1982, residential use of coke oven coke is included in commercial/public services sector. Oxygen steel furnace gas data are available from 1982. From 1998, inputs of coke oven gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas into autoproducer electricity plants include the amount used to produce electricity with TRT technology (top pressure recovery turbines) which was previously included in the industry sector. Starting in 1990, the inputs of coke oven coke to blast furnaces as well as the final consumption of coke oven coke in the iron and steel sector have been estimated by the IEA Secretariat. Coal injected in blast furnaces (PCI) is classified as coking coal in order to be consistent with Japanese trade statistics. With the 2008 edition, Japan has reclassified part of the coal inputs to coke ovens as inputs to blast furnaces. In the 2009 edition, the net calorific values for coal for 1990 onwards have been recalculated by the IEA secretariat based upon gross values submitted by Japan and default values used by the IEA. Statistical differences in hard coal since 2004 are primarily due to deliberate stock build by final consumers. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Korea Data are available from 1971. Data for 2002 have been reported on a different basis, causing breaks in series between 2001 and 2002, especially for inputs and outputs to electricity generation and consumption in the iron and steel industry. The Korean Administration is planning to revise the historical series as time and resources permit. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Data for coal and coal products from 1971 to 2001 are based on information provided by the Korean Administration, as well as information from the Yearbook of Energy Statistics 2002, the Yearbook of Coal Statistics 2001 (both from the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy), and Statistics of Electric Power in Korea 2001 (from the Korea Electric Power Corporation). Patent fuel series have been estimated by the Secretariat up to 2001. Data on sub-bituminous coal were estimated by the Secretariat based on statistics of the exporting countries. Coal tar production exists prior to 2007, however data is yet to be finalised. Consumption of imported coke oven coke is reported under non-specified industry. Coke oven gas and blast furnace gas used for energy purposes in coke ovens prior to 2002 and in blast furnaces prior to 2007 are reported in the iron and steel industry. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Luxembourg Steel production from blast furnaces ceased at the end of 1997 and as a consequence, Luxembourg no longer uses coke oven coke and blast furnace gas. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Mexico Data are available starting in 1971 and are partly estimated based on the publication Balance Nacional Energía. The Mexican Administration submitted data directly by questionnaire for the first time with 1992 data. As a result, some breaks in series may occur between 1991 and 1992. Data for coke oven gas and blast furnace gas are reported for the first time in 1999. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Netherlands In the national statistical system of the Netherlands, use of fuel in manufacturing industries for CHP production is considered to be consumption in the transformation sector. However, in IEA statistics, this own use for heat production (autoproduced heat) is reported under the relevant industry sub-sector, based on estimates provided by the Central Bureau of Statistics.

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - xxiii

For 1984 to 1986, production from other sources of other bituminous coal represents a stock of "smalls" washed for re-use. Prior to 1989, non-energy use is included with industry consumption. Paper, pulp and print includes furniture. The breakdown of anthracite, coking coal and other bituminous coal has been provided on a preliminary basis and data will be revised. Coal exports consist of re-exported volumes. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Portugal Since 1998, sub-bituminous coal is not used. As of 2000, gas works gas in the commercial/public services and residential sectors is gradually being replaced by natural gas. The iron and steel industry closed in the first quarter of 2001, leading to decreases in supply and consumption of coking coal, coke oven coke, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

New Zealand Slovak Republic Where data refer to the fiscal year, April 1994 to March 1995 is shown as 1994. A reorganisation of government departments during 1987 leading to cessation of certain data series has resulted in several breaks in series between 1987 and 1988.

Data are available starting in 1971. There are some breaks in series between 1992 and 1993. A new survey system in 2001 leads to major breaks in series for most products. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Production of gas works gas ceased in 1988. Peat, although produced in New Zealand, is not used as a fuel. It is used for agricultural purposes only. In final consumption, non-ferrous metals is included with iron and steel; wood and wood products is included with pulp, paper and print; mining and quarrying is included in agriculture and construction is included with commercial/public services. Sub-bituminous coal inputs into blast furnaces refers to coal that is merged with iron sand to form the inputs for the multi-hearthfurnace (Glenbrook Steel site). Import origins and export destinations are derived from partner reports.

Other bituminous coal use in the iron and steel industry ceased in 1991 and started again in 1996. Consumption of BKB also ended in 1991. Consumption of blast furnace gas in the chemical industry stopped in 1993 while chemical industry use of coke oven gas ceased between 1993 and 2000. Natural gas inputs into gas works gas stopped in 1999. Lignite mining was halted indefinitely in 2008.

Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Norway Production of coking coal, coke oven coke and coke oven gas ceased in the late 1980s. Other bituminous coal includes lignite. The decrease of bituminous coal production in 2005 is due to a fire in one of the coal mines, that entailed a break in the production for a large part of the year. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Poland Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Spain

Sweden Other bituminous coal production is coal recovered during the quarrying of clay. Autoproducer inputs to waste heat production that is sold are reported in the respective end-use sectors and not in the transformation sector. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Switzerland From 1999, data on consumption result from a new survey and are not comparable with data of previous years. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

xxiv - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

The breakdown of the industry sector for 2000 was estimated by the Secretariat for gas, oil, electricity and heat. From 1985, industrial consumption of gas works gas is reported in non-specified industry to prevent the disclosure of commercially confidential data. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Turkey Production of gas works gas declined in 1989 due to plant closures; the last plant closed in 1994. Use of gas coke and gas works gas ceased in 1994. Due to government regulations in the industry and residential sectors in particular, there has been a shift from the use of domestically produced coal to imported coal and natural gas. Privatisation of state owned coke ovens in recent years results in incomplete information on coke oven gas distribution. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

United Kingdom Consumption shown for the commercial/public services sector includes consumption of some of the nonspecified sector. Prior to 1994, the consumption of substitute natural gas is included with natural gas while its production is included with gas works gas.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Due to reclassifications, there are breaks in the series between 1998 and 1999 and between 2000 and 2001 for blast furnace gas. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

United States United States includes the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Imports and exports also include all U.S. territories (i.e. Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands and the Hawaiian Trade Zone).

Due to problems in reporting, there are numerous breaks in series for the U.S. data, particularly in 1992, 1999, 2001 and 2002. Care should be taken when evaluating consumption by sector since inputs of fuel to autoproducers are included in final consumption for some years. Gas works gas production and consumption is included with natural gas starting in 1974. For the period 2002 to 2007, the United States reported "synfuel" production as patent fuel. Prior to 2002, the consumption of this fuel was reported with other bituminous coal. Since the Energy Information Administration and the US Department of Commerce do not collect separate data on patent fuel exports by country, total exports of patent fuel are included in the exports of other bituminous coal. This practice ceased in 2007. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - xxv

4. CONVERSION FACTORS AND CALORIFIC VALUES General conversion factors for energy To: From:

TJ

Gcal

Mtoe

MBtu

GWh

947.8

0.2778

3.968

1.163 x 10

multiply by:

TJ

1

-5

238.8 -3

1

4

10

Gcal

4.1868 x 10

Mtoe

4.1868 x 10

-3

2.388 x 10 -7

10 7

-3

7

1 -8

MBtu

1.0551 x 10

0.252

2.52 x 10

GWh

3.6

860

8.6 x 10

-5

3.968 x 10

11630

1

2.931 x 10

3412

1

-4

Conversion factors for mass To:

kg

t

lt

From:

multiply by:

kilogramme (kg)

1

0.001

9.84 x 10

1.102 x 10

2.2046

tonne (t)

1000

1

0.984

1.1023

2204.6

long ton (lt)

1016

1.016

1

1.120

2240.0

short ton (st)

907.2

0.9072

pound (lb)

0.454

st -4

0.893 -4

4.54 x 10

lb -3

1 -4

4.46 x 10

2000.0 -4

5.0 x 10

1

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

xxvi - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Conversion factors for volume To:

gal U.S.

From:

gal U.K.

bbl

ft

3

l

m

3

multiply by:

U.S. gallon (gal)

1

0.8327

0.02381

0.1337

3.785

0.0038

U.K. gallon (gal)

1.201

1

0.02859

0.1605

4.546

0.0045

Barrel (bbl)

42.0

34.97

1

5.615

159.0

0.159

Cubic foot (ft )

7.48

6.229

0.1781

1

28.3

0.0283

Litre (l)

0.2642

0.220

0.0063

0.0353

1

0.001

264.2

220.0

6.289

35.3147

1000.0

1

3

3

Cubic metre (m )

Decimal prefixes 101 102 103 106 109 1012 1015 1018

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

deca (da)

10-1

deci (d)

hecto (h)

10-2

centi (c)

kilo (k)

10-3

milli (m)

mega (M)

10-6

micro (μ)

giga (G)

10-9

nano (n)

tera (T)

10-12

pico (p)

peta (P)

10-15

femto (f)

exa (E)

10-18

atto (a)

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - xxvii

2007 COUNTRY SPECIFIC AVERAGE NET CALORIFIC VALUES [MJ/t]

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

Anthracite

Coking coal

32,432 25,184 27,700 30,000 29,054 27,842 25,619 23,483 29,300 29,300 27,654 27,131 19,322 28,100 27,861

29,134 29,073 29,308 27,049 29,290 29,300 30,500 29,000 31,430 28,050 30,984 27,714 28,261 23,483 28,671 29,467 27,930 30,020 30,000 29,523 28,813 29,107

SubOther bituminous bituminous coal coal 25,700 27,935 25,781 25,514 24,487 25,200 26,000 25,630 25,743 25,717 28,050 27,838 26,587 24,476 24,911 29,300 23,483 24,736 27,590 28,100 22,589 25,451 25,146 23,280 27,400 28,100 24,189 24,965 26,536

18,478 22,200 17,799 24,880 16,578 20,934 19,405 20,980 11,756 18,000 19,433

Lignite

Peat

10,470 8,978 8,370 14,464 12,834 17,000 9,022 6,545 7,534 19,820 10,468 14,100 20,000 14,280 8,684 11,560 6,780 20,100 7,765 14,195

8,800 10,200 9,714 12,500 -

Patent Coke oven Coal tar fuels coke

31,003 29,308 32,000 31,400 20,049 28,000 30,875 27,348

25,650 29,000 27,696 27,389 27,800 29,300 29,300 28,000 28,650 29,507 29,485 26,670 29,000 27,930 27,214 26,521 28,500 28,500 28,752 28,050 28,740 30,290 28,080 28,100 29,302 28,310 27,469

41,800 37,236 37,000 38,000 35,482 37,000 41,900 36,604 -

BKB

20,995 19,303 20,097 23,431 21,324 14,201 20,000 18,548 20,100 17,471 23,000 18,736 -

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

xxviii - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Coal classification The IEA collects statistics on coal production, trade and consumption according to a technically precise classification based on the quality of coal as follows: x

Coking coal is coal with a quality that allows the production of coke suitable to support a blast furnace charge;

x

Other bituminous coal and anthracite are non-agglomerating coals with a gross calorific value greater than 23 865 kJ/kg (5 700 kcal/kg) on an ash-free but moist basis;

x

Sub-bituminous coal is a non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value between 23 865 kJ/kg (5 700 kcal/kg) and 17 435 kJ/kg (4 165 kcal/kg) containing more than 31% volatile matter on a dry mineral matter-free basis;

x

Lignite/brown coal is a non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value less than 17 435 kJ/kg (4 165 kcal/kg) and greater than 31% volatile matter on a dry mineral matter-free basis. Oil shale combusted directly is reported in this category.

However, when publishing these data, the IEA adopts a simplified classification of hard coal and brown coal. The correspondence is as follows: x

Hard coal: this is the sum of coking coal and steam coal;

x

Coking coal is reported in the category coking coal;

x

Other bituminous coal and anthracite are reported in the category steam coal;

x

Sub-bituminous coal is reported in the category Brown Coal except for: Australia, Belgium, Finland, France, Iceland, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Portugal, South Korea (Republic of Korea) and the United States where it is included in steam coal (because of its relatively high calorific value);

x

Lignite is reported in the category brown coal.

The term Total Coal refers to the sum of hard coal and brown coal after conversion to a common energy unit (tonne of coal equivalent - tce). The conversion is done by multiplying the calorific value of the coal in question (the conversion factors are submitted by national administrations to the IEA Secretariat each year) by the total volume of hard and brown coal used, measured in physical units, i.e. in tonnes. One tce has an energy content of 29.3 gigajoules (GJ) or 7 000 kcal and corresponds to 0.7 tonnes of oil equivalent (toe).

Defining coal consumption Energy statistics are compiled and presented to take account of the complexity in the way fuels are used and to avoid double counting. Misunderstandings can arise when statistics on coal consumption are used because of the particular terminology used by energy statisticians. Coal is used in four possible ways: x

As a primary input to produce electricity or a secondary/tertiary fuel that is used elsewhere or sold - this is referred to as use in the transformation sector; e.g. coking coal used to produce coke in a coke oven, steam coal used to produce electricity

x

As a fuel used to support (but not used in) a transformation process - this is referred to as use in the energy sector; e.g. coke oven gas used to heat the coke oven, steam coal used to operate the power plant

x

As a fuel consumed in manufacturing industry, mining and construction, in transport, in agriculture, in commercial and public services and in households - this is referred to as use in the final consumption sectors; e.g. steam coal used to produce heat in cement kilns, steam coal used to produce industrial process steam

x

As a raw material - this is referred to as non-energy use. e.g. coal used to produce carbon electrodes for the aluminium industry

In the wider community, the term ‘consumption’ is commonly understood to include all four of the above end-uses. However, in this book the term “consumption” refers only to use in the final consumption sectors (i.e. in the third dot point above).

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I - I.1

PART I WORLD COAL MARKET REVIEW

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I - I.3

1. OVERVIEW In 2008, total global coal production increased by 6.2%, continuing the growth of the last 10 years where 2008 production was 48% higher than 1998 levels, driven almost entirely by growth in hard coal production which was 59% higher than in 1998. Hard coal production increased by 7.4% (or 403.4 Mt) compared to 2007, to 5 845.3 Mt. Brown coal production decreased by 0.4% (or 4.3 Mt) to 951.4 Mt, a little above its 1996 level and the highest since 1993. The analysis of proved coal reserve data indicates that at the current level of production, there is approximately 146 years of coal available for supply. Total global coal consumption increased by 6.8% or 309.7 Mtce in 2008, which follows a six year trend of annual increases averaging 6.3%. The OECD region consumption share has slipped to 33.2% of the world total in 2008. This is mainly due to the rapid expansion and development in non-OECD countries, but also that OECD coal consumption is estimated to be 1 615.4 Mtce in 2008, or a decrease of 1.8% or 29.1 Mtce from the 2007 level of 1 644.5 Mtce. This decrease offsets the increase which took place in 2007. Furthermore, it is the first decrease since 2001 and only the third since 1994. It also means that OECD coal consumption in 2008 increased 6.3% over 1990 levels. Among the types of coal, world hard coal consumption increased by 7.4%, steam coal consumption was up 329.3 Mt (7.0%), and coking coal consumption was up 69.7 Mt (9.4%). Global hard coal exports continued to grow in 2008, albeit at a much smaller pace than the previous five years. Hard coal exports were up 14.9 Mt from 922.9 Mt to 937.8 Mt. Steam coal exports decreased by 8.2 Mt or 1.2% in 2008 to dip to 676.0 Mt, while coking coal exports continued to show robustness with an increase of 9.7% from 238.8 Mt to 261.8 Mt. Because of differences in coal classification by trading partners, as well as difficulties in assigning trade

to specific destinations, and because trade is not instantaneous, imports volume does not exactly reflect exports volume. Indeed, estimated imports show a smaller increase in trade than do exports. Total hard coal imports volume rose from 908.1 Mt to 922.6 Mt— an increase of 1.6% or 14.5 Mt. Steam coal imports remained at 2007 levels, decreasing by 1.1 Mt to 700.1 Mt, while coking coal imports increased by 7.5% from 206.9 Mt to 222.5 Mt. The commodities boom in the early part of 2008 had a massive effect on coal prices with average CIF import steam coal prices increasing by 77% in Japan and 68% in the European Union. CIF import coking coal prices increased by 108% in Japan and 57% in the EU. Some of the numerous factors influencing price included: tight supply during a period of record annual consumption, flooding of mines in Australia, electricity shortages in South Africa and a temporary halt to Chinese exports to ensure domestic needs. Steel and other commodities tied up the world’s bulk carrier fleet and shipping costs rose to a historic high in May 2008, only to collapse to around 5% of this value when the global downturn started to impact. Regarding CO2 emissions, in 2006 coal remains the largest source of world CO2 emissions 918 Mt ahead of oil, and over twice that of natural gas. Coal-related emissions again increased more rapidly in the nonOECD countries, and were again led by high growth in China whose coal consumption reached 39.6% of global consumption in 2006. This trend continued in 2007 rising to 40.4% and compares starkly to a figure of 26.7% in 2001. In the OECD, coal-related emissions were still following long term trends and increasingly due to power generation as opposed to industries and other sectors whose shares have declined sharply in the 35 years since the IEA’s inception. In 2007, the share of coal consumed for electricity generation (in raw tonnage) reached 86.6% in the OECD, compared to 74.8% elsewhere.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I - I.5

2. PRODUCTION Developments in world coal supply in 2007 and 2008 World coal production and use is broadly grouped by the two main coal types – hard coal and brown coal. Hard coal with a higher thermal value (varying from coal to coal and depending on the degree of preparation) is economically suited to international trade, with characteristics making some coals suitable for metallurgical (coking) uses. Brown coal (lignite) has a much lower thermal value (the amount depending on the coal type and its water content) and is suitable largely for power generation locally or to a lesser extent for briquette manufacture. World hard coal production continued to show strong growth in 2008 despite the 4th quarter slowdown due to the global economic downturn. In fact it showed stronger growth than the previous three years in a period encompassing seven years of record growth. Total world hard coal production (including recovered slurries) reached 5 845.3 Mt, a 7.4% increase of 403.4 Mt over the 2007 level of 5 441.9 Mt. It was again driven by growth in production from the nonOECD countries with a 9.9% growth in 2008, making the last four years of annual growth average 8.2% per annum. Among the major producing non-OECD countries, production increased in China, India, Russia, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Colombia, Ukraine and Korea DPR, but declined marginally in South Africa and Vietnam. During the last five years, the OECD’s hard coal production steadily increased and reached in 2008 a new production peak of 1 525.2 Mt with the 14.9 Mt increase surpassed by that of the United States alone which had a 24.9 Mt increase. Australia, Canada and Turkey also

had slight increases, but hard coal production fell in every other OECD producer including Poland and Germany – both for the 5th year in sucession. Brown coal production decreased by 0.4% (or 4.3 Mt) in 2008; which brings it back approximately to its 1996 level. OECD’s brown coal production decreased slightly from 626.1 Mt to 617.3 Mt (or 1.4%), while non-OECD’s production grew from 330 Mt to 334 Mt. Of note, Spain’s production fell from 9.3 Mt to 2.9 Mt and is now entirely sub-bituminous coal as lignite mining ceased. Also, Germany’s brown coal production decreased by 2.8% or 5.1 Mt to the lowest in eight years, while Russia’s brown coal production increased 4.9% to 76 Mt. Overall, world coal production (hard and brown coal) grew by 6.2% (or 399.1 Mt) in 2008 from 6 397.6 Mt to 6 796.7 Mt, making six years of strong growth averaging 6.1%. Growth for the years 2003 to 2008 inclusive has been 2017.1 Mt, or a 42.2% increase over 2002 levels. World production for hard and brown coal are summarised in Tables 1.1 and 1.4 at the end of this narrative.

Hard coal production OECD production OECD hard coal production reached 1 525.2 Mt in 2008, a 1% increase over 2007. After six years of growth, the OECD production reached its historical peak since the inception of the IEA. In 1973, the OECD accounted for about 50% of the world hard coal production. However, since then its share has continuously declined as more non-OECD

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.6 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I

countries have increased hard coal production. While OECD’s production increased throughout the ’70s and ’80s, its share of world production declined to about 40% by 1990 and by 2008 was only about 26%. The largest OECD coal-producing region is OECDNorth America, with 69% of the OECD production. Nearly 22% of the OECD production is in the Pacific region and the remaining 9% is in the OECD-Europe region. Table I.1: Major hard coal producers* [Mt] PR of China United States India Australia Russia Indonesia South Africa Kazakhstan Poland Colombia Ukraine Vietnam Canada DPR of Korea Germany Other Total

2006 2320.2 991.5 428.2 299.7 210.4 195.8 244.8 92.0 95.2 65.6 61.4 38.9 29.9 27.2 23.8 84.4 5209

2007 2466.4 981.7 454.4 323.8 217.9 230.2 247.7 93.5 88.3 69.9 58.7 42.5 32.8 23.9 24.2 86.0 5441.9

2008e 2761.4 1006.6 489.5 325.4 247.1 246.2 235.8 104.4 84.3 78.6 59.3 39.9 33.2 28.6 19.1 85.9 5845.3

* Production includes recovered slurries. See Table 1.1 in Part II for historic data on selected countries.

operates some anthracite mines for domestic use, has experienced declining production for many years and in 2008, has reached a level roughly 50% of that in 1995 and 16% of that in 1990. Commercial coal production in Japan ceased in 2002.

OECD-Europe In 2008, the OECD-Europe region counted nine primary hard coal producing countries, one of them (France) producing only from recovered slurries. Hard coal production stopped in Belgium in 2006. Total regional hard coal production was 141.1 Mt, a decrease of 7.2% or 10.9 Mt compared to 2007. Hard coal production for the OECD-Europe has declined steadily since 1995, of which the sharpest decline occurred between 1997 and 2000. The largest producing countries are Poland, Germany, the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic and Spain with 60% of OECD Europe hard coal currently being produced in Poland. Turkey was the only country not to show a decline in hard coal production in 2008 compared to 2007. In the second tier of producers, hard coal represents only a small fraction of their domestic energy supply. In Turkey it is linked to local markets for power generation and household consumption. Production in Norway is limited to the island of Spitsbergen, where mines are operated to provide employment for local inhabitants.

OECD-North America OECD-North America production grew by 2.4% from 1 027 Mt in 2007 to 1 051.2 Mt in 2008. The United States is the second largest global hard coal producing country and the seventh largest hard coal exporter. Canada is the thirteenth largest hard coal producer and eighth largest exporter, while Mexico produced 11.5 Mt in 2008 for domestic consumption.

OECD-Pacific Hard coal production in the OECD-Pacific region increased by 0.5% in 2008, rising from 331.2 Mt to 332.8 Mt. Coal production in the region is driven by production in Australia, which is the largest hard coal exporter, and currently produces nearly 98% of the region’s hard coal. Production in New Zealand—a perennial player in international coking coal markets—was up 0.08 Mt, a 1.8% increase from its 2007 level. The other two countries in the region are not significant coal producers. The Republic of Korea, which INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Non-OECD production Hard coal production in the non-OECD countries increased by 9.9% from 3 931.6 Mt in 2007 to 4 320.1 Mt in 2008. Over 99% of the non-OECD coal production is accounted for by ten producing countries. Among the non-OECD countries, China accounts for over 47% of world hard coal production and nearly 64% of non-OECD production. In 2008, its production reached 2 761.3 Mt, an increase of 295.0 Mt (12%) above its 2007 level. Consequently, a staggering 73% of the 2008 increase in world hard coal production is attributable entirely to China. It should be noted that the IEA Secretariat currently incorporates lignite and sub-bituminous coals in hard coal for China while it is in the process of determining accurate figures with Chinese counterparts. When finalised, the amounts could be noticeable in terms of brown coal figures, but not so much for the drop in hard coal figures as their entire brown coal production

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I - I.7

will be only a minor proportion of China’s annual growth in coal production.

exporter of steam coal since 2005, surpassing Australia.

Hard coal production in China has experienced a remarkable recovery since the late 1990s when the government instituted a series of company consolidations and mine closures. China’s production has more than doubled since 2000, which allows the country to meet fast growing demand for coal to generate electricity and steel making. However, as a major coal exporter, China moved from the second largest hard coal exporter in 2001 to the sixth in 2008. When also taking into account that China is the sixth largest hard coal importer, their net exports in 2008 were a mere 1.8 Mt or a negligible 0.04% of domestic energy consumption. Future import and export balances will depend heavily on - amongst other things - China’s massive electrification program and ability to rapidly upgrade their freight rail infrastructure.

For more information on coal in Indonesia, see pages IV.30 to IV.32 in this publication and also the IEA’s Energy Policy Review of Indonesia publication released in November 2008.

For more information on coal in China, see pages IV.17 to IV.20 in this publication and also the IEA’s Cleaner Coal in China publication released in May 2009. India is the second largest non-OECD hard coal producer and third in the world. India hard coal production increased by 7.7% or 35.1 Mt from 454.4 Mt to 489.5 Mt and although it dominates South Asian production, it contains a very high ash quotient and is consumed domestically. South Africa accounts for 97% of Africa’s hard coal production, which represents 4% of world production. In 2008, South Africa was overtaken by both Indonesia and Russia to drop to being the seventh largest hard coal producer as production dropped to pre-2003 levels. Likewise, it has been overtaken by the United States to become only the sixth-ranking coal exporting country in the world. Russia is by far the largest producer among FSU countries. Its production combined with Kazakhstan and Ukraine represents over 99% of total production from transition economies. Russia’s production increased by 29.2 Mt or 13.4%, to 247.0 Mt, in 2008. Indonesia produces over 70% of the hard coal mined in South-East Asia annually and it remains the sixth largest hard coal producer in 2008 with coal production reaching 246.2 Mt, up 15.9 Mt (6.9%) from its 2007 level. Indonesia is also the second largest coal exporter worldwide behind Australia and the largest

Kazakhstan is the second ranking among the FSU countries in terms of production. The production of hard coal increased by 11.6% in 2008 to 104.4 Mt, the first time in excess of 100 Mt has been produced in Kazakhstan since 1993. Colombia is the main hard coal producer in Latin America and has a growing presence on the international export market. Its production increased by 12.5% —from 69.9 Mt to 78.6 Mt, which follows increases of 11.1% in 2006 and 6.6% in 2007. Colombia is the fourth largest coal exporting country in the world on a par with the United States. The Ukraine represents 14.4% of the production of hard coal in the FSU countries, as its production increased 1% to 59.3 Mt in 2008, but did not keep pace with increases in Kazakhstan and Russia. Vietnam coal production decreased by 6.1% from 42.5 Mt to 39.9 Mt, primarily due to supply disruptions of anthracite river trade with China. Although statistics on DPR Korea are not provided by any official sources, production is thought to have increased approximately by 19.7% in 2008, rebounding from 23.9 Mt to 28.6 Mt after a 12.1% dip in 2007.

Brown coal production Based upon the most recent study from the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), the total global economic reserves of soft brown coal are about 279.3 billion tons revised downwards slightly from estimates the year prior. Qualities and thermal values can vary considerably between different deposits; nevertheless, brown coal (lignite) is an important source of energy supply. The production of brown coal decreased marginally in 2008, down 0.4% (or 4.3 Mt) from 955.7 Mt to 951.4 Mt. OECD’s brown coal production decreased slightly from 626.1 Mt to 617.3 Mt (or 1.4%), while INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.8 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I

non-OECD’s production rose 1.4% from 330 Mt to 334.1 Mt. Of note, Spain’s production fell from 9.3 Mt to 2.9 Mt and Germany’s decreased by 2.8% or 5.1 Mt to the lowest in eight years. Russia’s brown coal production increased 4.9% to 76 Mt. Following its 1989 peak, brown coal production declined steadily until 1999, largely as a result of contractions of demand and supply in central and Eastern Europe. Production more or less stabilised since mainly as a result of an increased use for electricity generation in countries such as Germany, Greece, Serbia and Montenegro, Romania, India and Canada. Almost all lignite is mined by opencast operations, and almost all is used for electricity production in local plants, although smaller amounts are used in some countries for industry and to produce briquettes for home heating. In several countries, brown coal is used to generate over half the country’s electricity production (Estonia, some former Yugoslav countries, the Czech Republic and Greece) and in others (Romania, Poland, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Germany, Australia and Hungary) significant shares of electricity production are fuelled by lignite.

OECD production The OECD countries account for 64.9% of brown coal production. Although there is some brown coal production in the OECD-Pacific region (over 99% from South Eastern Australia), the largest components of OECD supply are centred in OECD-Europe (71.5%) and OECD-North America (16.8%)

OECD-North America In the OECD-North America region, brown coal production is centred in the United States and Canada. Total regional production in 2008 declined from 106.9 Mt to 103.6 Mt. Of that volume, production in the United States represented 66.3%. Brown coal production in the United States decreased by 3.7% from 71.3 Mt to 68.7 Mt in 2008, while Canadian brown coal production levels decreased by 2.0% to 34.9 Mt.

OECD-Pacific Brown coal production in the OECD-Pacific region occurs in Australia and New Zealand. Australian brown coal production grew in 2008 by an estimated 10.3% from 65.6 Mt to 72.4 Mt. New Zealand production reached 253 kt in 2008, which is roughly equivalent to the 2007 level of 260 kt. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

OECD-Europe The OECD-Europe region is the largest brown coal producing geographical aggregate summarised in this study. Production in the region decreased by 2.7% in 2008, down from 453.3 Mt to 441.1 Mt. Eight countries in the OECD Europe region report brown coal production. By far the largest is Germany, which is also the top ranked world brown coal producer. Production in Germany decreased in 2008 by 2.9% from 180.4 Mt to 175.3 Mt. The second tier of OECD-Europe producers has annual output between 50 Mt and 75 Mt per annum. Brown coal production in Poland increased by 3.5% from 57.5 Mt to 59.6 Mt. Brown coal production in Turkey showed an increase of 0.3%, from 72.9 Mt to 73.1 Mt holding stable after a 17.7% increase in 2007. This growth in Turkey is due to a new lignite-fired plant and contrasts with the trend of declining brown coal production between 1999 and 2004. Production in the Czech Republic was down 4.1% from 55.0 Mt to 52.7 Mt while Greece decreased 0.9% to 65.7 Mt. Other significant brown coal producers in the region include Hungary and the Slovak Republic. In 2008 Spain closed its lignite mines, but still continues to produce sub-bituminous brown coal.

Non-OECD production Non-OECD brown coal production rose to 334.1 Mt in 2008, an increase of 1.4% which follows a 3.5% increase in 2007. By far, the vast majority the of nonOECD brown coal production occurs in the transition economies while most of the remaining production occurs in East Asia and South Asia. Russia is the largest Non-OECD producer with 76.0 Mt reported in 2008, an increase in production of 6.9% over its 2007 level of 71.1 Mt. Serbia had a production increase of 0.8% as it continues to recover from the dislocation of war and sanctions imposed in the late ’90s, increasing to 37.4 Mt. Production increased by 1.1% in Bulgaria—rising from 28.4 Mt to 28.7 Mt, while conversely, production in Romania fell by 2.9% to 34.7 Mt. Brown coal production in India decreased by 5.1% in 2008, from 34.0 Mt to 32.2 Mt, although brown coal comprises less than 5% of India’s coal consumption. In Indonesia, the largest producer in East Asia, production in South Sumatra was estimated to be in the order of 38.0 Mt in 2008.

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I - I.9

Table I.2: Major brown coal producers* [Mt] Germany Russia Turkey Australia United States Greece Poland Czech Republic Indonesia Serbia Canada Romania India Bulgaria Thailand Other Total

2006 176.3 74.1 61.9 67.7 76.4 64.8 60.8 55.2 30.7 36.8 36.1 34.9 31.3 25.7 19.0 88.4 940.1

2007 180.4 71.1 72.9 65.6 71.3 66.3 57.5 55.0 34.5 37.1 35.6 35.8 34.0 28.4 18.2 92.0 955.7

2008e 175.3 76.0 73.1 72.4 68.7 65.7 59.6 52.7 38.0 37.4 34.9 34.7 32.2 28.7 17.6 84.4 951.4

See Table 1.4 in Part II for historical data.

Coal resources, reserves and production Definitions

Probable reserves have been estimated with a lower degree of confidence than proved reserves. Estimates take account of coalfields’ geological characteristics, in particular the regularity, thickness and quality of seams, the spacing of exploration boreholes and other exposures, and geological discontinuities such as faults or folding, all of which affect the practical recoverability of the coal. x Proved reserves are those reserves that are not only confidently considered to be recoverable, but also can also be recovered economically, under current market conditions. In other words they take into account what current mining technology can achieve as well as the economics of recovery (mining, transportation and other relevant recovery costs such as government royalties, and coal prices). Proved reserves will therefore fluctuate according to economic conditions, especially price. It generally follows that proved reserves will decrease when prices are too low for the coal to be recovered economically, and increase when prices make the coal economically recoverable.

Coal reserve estimates

Quantification of mineable coal is based on a consideration of geological, mining and economic criteria. The amount of coal in place and in some cases the amount of mineable coal is influenced by national resource measurement criteria. The basis for computation of these resources varies from country to country, and it must be borne in mind that for this reason, direct comparisons are sometimes not possible. During the 1990s, there was a considerable discussion on the adoption of internationally recognised standards for reporting reserves. This largely stems from the requirements of capital markets for improved transparency in reserve estimation where project financing is being sought. However, to date there has not been any adoption of international standards. There are, however, some generally recognised definitions that can be applied. For example:

In its most recent study, the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) estimates the current proved recoverable global coal reserves at 990 billion tonnes which was a decrease of 29 billion tons from 2007. Table I.3 provides a summary of BGR estimates of coal reserves and IEA estimates of 2008 coal production by regions. If total 2007 proved recoverable reserves are divided by total 2008 coal production, the world coal reserve base represents close to 146 years of production at current levels. Although it is beyond the scope of this piece to discuss the various national classification systems, and the range of definitions of coal resources and reserves, an overview of the national classification systems is provided in an Appendix to Major Coalfields of the World, a publication which was issued by the IEA Coal Research in June 2000.1

x Resources refer to the amount of coal that may be present in a deposit or a coalfield. This does not take into account the feasibility of mining the coal economically. Not all resources are recoverable using current technology. Reserves constitute those resources that are recoverable. x Reserves may be defined further in terms of proved (or measured) reserves, and probable (or indicated) reserves, based on exploration results and the degree of confidence in those results.

An estimate published by the World Energy Council (WEC) in 1978 set proved coal reserves at 636.4 billion tonnes. Thus, world proved coal reserves are 56% larger, or 353.5 billion tonnes higher than they were 30 years before, even though production from 1978 to 2008 is estimated at 145.3 billion tonnes.

1. Major Coalfields of the World, IEA Coal Research, London, June 2000.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.10 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I

Table I.3: Proved recoverable reserves in 2007 and 2008 production [Mt] Region OECD Europe OECD North America OECD Pacific

Proved recoverable reserves 2007 Hard coal Soft brown coal Total 19 423 237 607 41 111

52 272 33 336 44 050

Hard coal

71 695 270 943 85 161

141.1 1 051.2 332.8

Production 2008 Brown coal

Total

441.1 103.6 72.7

582.2 1 154.8 405.5

OECD Total

298 141

129 658

427 799

1 525.2

617.3

2 142.5

Transition Economies of which: Russia

123 966 69 946

107 612 91 607

231 578 161 553

411.3 247.1

219.7 76.0

631.0 323.1

China

167 000

25 000

192 000

2 761.4

0.0

2 761.4

81 459 73 090

11 347 420

92.806 73 510

815.1 489.5

107.9 32.2

923.0 521.7

9 890 5 298

5 173 -

15 063 5 298

88.8 78.6

5.8 0.0

94.6 78.6

29 861 710 602

9 279 311

29 870 989 913

243.5 5 845.3

0.6 951.4

244.1 6 796.7

Asia of which: India Latin America of which: Colombia Africa and Middle East World

Sources: Reserves - Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) www.bgr.bund.de Production - International Energy Agency, Coal Information 2009

Another estimate published by the WEC on reserves at end-2002 set proved coal reserves at 909.1 billion tonnes.

Geographic location of proved coal reserves

Even though it is difficult to compare the estimates from two different sources, the increase observed between the end-2002 coal reserves and the 2007 coal reserves suggests that, as the prices increased, a part of the resources was reallocated to reserves as they became economically recoverable.

Although coal resources are widely distributed around the world, proved coal reserves tend to be concentrated in the countries which rely on coal for domestic energy or export revenue. OECD-North America and the Transition Economy countries controlled 27.4% and 23.4% of the proved coal reserves respectively. About 19.4% of proved reserves are in China and 9.4% in Asia (excluding China). Thus, almost 80% of proved coal reserves are concentrated in just four regions.

2008 saw considerable changes to 2007 proved reserves, particularly in Russia, Kazakhstan, the Ukraine, Australia, the United States, South Africa and India, mainly due to a fluctuating coal price.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I - I.11

3. CONSUMPTION This section reviews consumption of total, hard, steam and coking coal in 2006, 2007 and 2008. All 30 OECD Member countries submit their official historical energy data to the IEA Secretariat in annual questionnaires. The most recent full questionnaire collected from each country contained supply and demand statistics for 2007 and historical revisions. In addition to submitting full annual questionnaires, the OECD Member countries submit a “miniquestionnaire” for the most recent calendar year (in this case 2008), which provides supply, trade and stocks statistics for each coal product. Since these statistics have often not been finalised at the national level, the OECD data for 2008 should be considered preliminary—and are labelled in this publication as estimates. Tables showing detailed historical time series for selected products, countries and regions appear at the end of this narrative. Statistics on coal consumption in the OECD are also reported in detail in Part III of this book for each OECD country in terms of tonnes of coal equivalent (in Part III Table 4) and in metric tons (in Part III Table 6). Only data for the most recent and selected historical years are shown in tabular form in the text. Entire historical time series which run from 1960 for most OECD countries are available on a CDRom and also through the IEA website. More information on these sources is provided on the internet at http://www.iea.org. Readers are referred to Part III of this publication for end-use statistics for individual OECD member countries, and the OECD as a whole. Data in Part III Table 5 are presented in an energy balance format and data in Part III Table 6 are presented for the major end-use categories separately for steam coal, coking coal and brown coal, in metric tons.

In the internationally accepted methodology for reporting energy statistics adopted by the IEA, the consumption of coal in individual economic sectors (for example, in industry or the residential sectors, or in industry sub-sectors (iron & steel, non-metallic minerals)) only includes coal that is finally consumed in that sector (i.e. “disappears”) and does not include coal that is transformed into another fuel, such as coke, blast furnace gas or electricity, even though the transformation may occur as a normal part of operations. For example, coking coal is used by the steel industry to produce coke, which is, in turn, used in blast furnaces to produce pig-iron. Blast furnace gas formed in the blast furnace may also be used to produce electricity or heat that is sold to third parties. Moreover, the steel industry may also buy steam coal or other fuels and use them to produce electricity. Information on coal used in the main non-OECD coal producing, importing and exporting countries up to 2007 (the latest year available) is presented in Part IV of this book, as well as summary tables on world coal supply and end-use for the years 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005 to 2007. In addition, the IEA Secretariat estimates supply and trade statistics for the most recent calendar year (in this case 2008) using national contacts, coal industry publications and information from other international statistical sources. These data are taken from the IEA databases on the non-OECD countries, which are published annually in Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries and Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries, after Coal Information is submitted for printing and therefore should be considered as preliminary estimates. What is meant by the terms total coal, hard coal, brown coal, steam coal and coking coal is described in Principles and Definitions on page xxviii.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.12 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I

Table I.4: Total coal consumption [Mtce]

Total coal consumption Total coal, discussed in this section, refers to the sum of hard coal and brown coal, converted to a common energy unit – in this case million tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce). Table I.4 shows total coal consumption for selected countries expressed in Mtce. Although competitive cost coal resources are relatively abundant world-wide (contributing to coal’s use in many countries, principally for electricity generation). 74.0% of world consumption of coal is accounted for by just five countries—China, the United States, India, Japan and Russia. If a second set of five countries is added to this list—South Africa, Germany, Korea, Poland and Australia, then 84.4% of the world coal consumption is accounted for.

OECD consumption OECD coal consumption for 2008 is estimated to be 1 615.4 Mtce, a decrease of 1.8% or 29.1 Mtce from the 2007 level of 1 644.5 Mtce. This decrease is comparable to the increase which occurred in 2007, and it is the first decrease since 2001 and only the third since 1994. It means that OECD coal consumption in 2008 increased by 6.3% over 1990 levels and accounted for 33.2% of global consumption. In the United States, coal consumption is estimated at 788.1 Mtce in 2008, a 0.3% decrease from the level of consumption in 2007. In the remainder of the OECDNorth America region, coal consumption was significantly reduced with a 21.0% downturn reported in Mexico and 13.9% in Canada from 42.3 Mtce in 2007 down to 36.4 Mtce in 2008. In OECD-Europe, coal consumption is estimated to be 435.5 Mtce in 2008, a 6.1% decrease from the level of consumption in 2007. Coal consumption increased in Italy by 1.7%, but stayed constant or decreased in all other OECD-Europe countries. In fact, the combined consumption of Spain, Finland, Austria, Belgium, Portugal and Denmark showed a 24.3% decrease in 2008. Total coal consumption in OECD-Pacific was 336.5 Mtce, up 4.0% from 323.6 Mtce in 2007. The majority of additional consumption came from Korea with an 11.3 Mt or 14.1% increase from 79.9 Mt in 2007 to 91.2 Mt in 2008. Australia and New Zealand also increased, whereas Japan declined slightly by 0.8% to 161.5 Mt.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

(Selected countries) 2006

2007

2008e

783.4 156.2 114.7 75.3 87.5 80.3 58.0 37.3 40.0 30.1 23.4 26.5 17.9 12.0 11.5 12.2 7.8 6.1 6.8 30.3

790.7 162.8 119.8 79.9 86.0 78.7 54.5 41.5 42.3 30.2 23.7 29.4 18.8 15.4 12.0 11.9 6.6 5.8 6.2 28.3

788.1 161.5 114.0 91.2 84.8 81.3 49.7 39.1 36.4 29.3 24.1 20.2 18.1 15.0 11.4 9.4 5.9 5.8 5.4 24.7

Non-OECD countries PR of China India Russia South Africa Chinese Taipei Indonesia Ukraine Kazakhstan DPR of Korea Brazil Thailand Vietnam Malaysia Romania Hong Kong (China) Israel Bulgaria Philippines Serbia Other non-OECD

1740.3 313.8 153.7 133.7 56.6 41.7 56.6 43.5 26.7 16.9 17.8 12.9 10.1 13.0 10.0 11.7 9.8 8.2 10.3 55.5

1855.3 342.4 148.7 138.7 59.2 52.5 56.8 43.4 21.7 18.0 20.2 14.0 12.6 13.1 10.8 12.0 10.9 9.0 10.4 59.6

2098.6 377.1 177.5 133.2 61.9 58.2 54.2 51.2 28.5 20.8 20.5 16.7 13.2 12.8 11.9 11.8 11.1 10.6 10.2 70.8

European Union Total IEA Total OECD Total non-OECD World

458.4 1605.0 1617.3 2742.8 4360.1

465.5 1632.5 1644.5 2909.3 4553.8

438.5 1605.9 1615.4 3248.1 4863.5

OECD countries United States Japan Germany Korea Poland Australia United Kingdom Turkey Canada Czech Republic Italy Spain France Greece Netherlands Mexico Denmark Slovak Republic Belgium Other OECD

See Tables 2.1 and 2.4 in Part II for historical data. The term total coal refers to the sum of hard coal and brown coal after conversion to a common energy unit (tonne of coal equivalent - tce). The conversion is done by multiplying the calorific value of the coal in question by the total volume of hard coal and brown coal used, measured in physical units, i.e. in tonnes. The energy content of one tonne of coal equivalent is 29.3 Gigajoules (GJ) or 7000 kcal and corresponds to 0.7 tonnes of oil equivalent (toe). Consumption refers to total primary energy supply. (TPES)

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I - I.13

Non-OECD consumption Total coal consumption in the non-OECD countries jumped by 11.6% from 2 909.3 Mtce to 3 248.1 Mtce. This increase is due mainly to China, which strengthened its position as the largest coal consuming country in 2008. Coal consumption was up in China (including Hong Kong) by 13.1% from 1 866.1 Mtce to 2 110.5 Mtce. Consumption increased in major coal consuming countries like India, Russia, Chinese Taipei, Indonesia and Kazakhstan, while consumption declined in the Ukraine and South Africa. Consumption rose by 10.1% in India, 17.6% in Russia, 4.6% in Chinese Taipei, 10.9% in Indonesia and 18.0% in Kazakhstan. Coal consumption decreased by 4.6% in Ukraine and 4.0% in South Africa.

Hard coal consumption Hard coal consumption covers coking coal and steam coal greater than 18 600 kJ/kg. Countries for which sub-bituminous coal is included in hard coal are listed in the box on page xxviii. Because of special coking qualities and their higher calorific value, and lower moisture and ash levels which minimise the transportation costs of the energy contained in these products, these coals comprise the vast majority of coal that moves in international trade, while brown coal is almost exclusively for domestic use. The world hard coal consumption rose an estimated 7.4% in 2008 from 5 415.2 Mt to 5 814.1 Mt. The OECD consumption decreased by 1.8% from 1 734.9 Mt to 1 704.1 Mt, while the non-OECD consumption increased 11.7% from 3 680.3 Mt to 4 110.0 Mt.

Steam coal consumption Steam coal has three main end-uses: x by far, most steam coal is an input in the power sector to produce electricity and heat (which is then sold to third parties, mostly as district heat); x as a fuel in the final consumption sectors for the production of heat and/or steam (i.e. in the industry, residential, commercial and public services, agriculture and transport sectors); x small amounts are being used as PCI coal (pulverised coal injection) in blast furnaces and as well as for blending with coking coal.

World steam coal consumption was up 7.0% in 2008, from 4 671.0 Mt to 5 000.3 Mt. Steam coal consumption in the OECD countries decreased by 1.8% in 2008, from 1 536.6 Mt to 1 509.1 Mt. Viewed on a regional basis, steam coal consumption decreased by 1.1% in OECD-North America, a whopping 9.8% in OECD-Europe, and increased by 4.7% in OECDPacific, led by Korea. Non-OECD steam coal consumption was up sharply by 11.4% from 3 134.4 Mt to 3 491.2 Mt. Steam Coal consumption increased in almost all of the major consumer countries with the exception of South Africa which decreased 8.1 Mt or 4.5%. It was up 12.2% in China from 2 073.2 Mt to 2 326.6 Mt, it increased by 8.3% (or 37.6 Mt) in India from 454.1 Mt to 491.7 Mt, and it was up 26.4 Mt in Russia reaching levels not seen since 1994.

Coking coal consumption Coking coal has three main end-uses: x by far, most coking coal is used as an input for the production of coke oven coke in coke ovens; x some coking coal is used as an input in the power sector to produce electricity and (which is then sold to third parties, mostly as district heat). In 2008, this occurred in Germany, Poland and Turkey; x small amounts are used as a fuel in the final consumption sectors for the production of heat and/or steam (i.e. in the industry, residential, commercial and public services, agriculture and transport sectors). In addition, coal injected in blast furnaces (PCI) in Japan is classified as coking coal in this book even though the coal is, according to the IEA methodology, steam coal. This reporting convention has been adopted here in order to be consistent with published Japanese import statistics where this coal is generally reported as importation of coking coal. Coking coal is defined as a hard coal with a quality that allows the production of coke oven coke suitable to support a blast furnace charge. Traditionally, coking coals command a price premium over steam coals reflecting a higher carbon content. Almost all coking coal is transformed into coke oven coke in a coke oven and used in blast furnaces for the production of pig-iron. Pig-iron is subsequently converted to steel in an oxygen steel furnace. Hence, consumption of coking coal and coke oven coke, is derived from the

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.14 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I

consumption of pig-iron and less directly from the consumption of steel. New technologies for the production of steel that bypass the blast furnace involving the direct reduction of iron ore are expected to further weaken the relationship between steel and coking coal consumption. Coking coal consumption in the OECD (Table 2.2) increased by 3.9 Mt (2.0%) to 198.3 Mt in 2007. Estimates by member countries indicate a slight decrease in consumption with a 1.7% drop to 195.0 Mt in 2008. Despite some recent growth in 2004, 2006 and 2007, coking coal consumption has generally been declining in the OECD since the mid-1980s. Several factors have combined to weaken coking coal consumption. First, to some extent, this is due to the growing use of pulverised coal injection (PCI), and to a lesser extent, heavy fuel oil injection into blast furnaces. Coal used for PCI is generally of steam coal quality, so steam coal is displacing coking coal. Second, the steel industries in the OECD countries are experiencing technological evolution where traditional integrated steel production, which relies on coke oven coke, is losing ground to electric arc furnace technology which does not require coke. Third, there has been a general migration of integrated steel manufacturing from the OECD to the non-OECD countries. World consumption of coking coal in 2007 is estimated by the Secretariat to have increased by about 9.4% from 744.2 Mt to 813.8 Mt. The major coking coal consumers with consumption of over or approximately 30 Mt per year; China, Japan, India, Russia, and Ukraine accounted for 76.8% of world annual coking coal consumption in 2008. Estimates for 2008 (see Table 2.2) for the OECD countries are submitted by member countries while data for the non-OECD countries are estimated by the Secretariat based on many official and unofficial reliable sources.

Coke oven coke production and consumption Coke Oven Coke is produced in coke ovens from coking coal that may be sourced from a single coal mine or produced from a blend of coking coals sourced from different coal mines. In some cases, non-coking coals (referred to as soft or semi-soft coking coals) can be included in the blend to make coking coal, and hence a coke, of a particular quality. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Most coke ovens are located at iron and steel plants; other coke oven plants are at coal mines or at town gas plants. Although coke oven coke is mainly consumed in the iron and steel industry in blast furnaces for the production of pig-iron it is also used in foundries, as coke breeze in sinter production, as well as in coke ovens themselves to support coke oven coke production. In 2008, it is estimated that 126.8 Mt of coke oven coke was produced and 131.5 Mt of coke oven coke was consumed in the OECD countries (Tables 1.5 and 2.5 in Part II). Production decreased by 4.1 Mt or 3.1% from 130.9 Mt in 2007, as consumption similarly decreased 3.3% or 4.5Mt from 136.0 Mt in 2007 to 131.5 Mt in 2008 (Tables 1.5 and 2.5). Stronger and more numerous environmental controls in the OECD countries, coupled with ageing coke plants, could lead to plant closures, thus increasing imports and world trade in coke although this is yet to be evidenced as a widespread trend. In fact OECD coke oven coke imports have fallen 20.0% against 2004 levels and 11.3% against the year 2000. Lack of domestic coking capacity in the United States and other OECD Europe countries could also be offset by higher pulverised coal injection rates in future years.

Coals for pulverised coal injection (PCI) The steel industry is a major consumer of coal for use in the production of pig-iron in blast furnaces. The choice of coals for use in steel-making has been a prime concern of the industry, particularly in Japan with the expansion of the steel industry in the 1960s and following the oil price shocks which led to the significant substitution of heavy fuel oil by coal in some blast furnaces. Improvements were made world-wide in coal blending technology, coking technology and coke application technology for blast furnaces, and in the late 1970s, semi-soft coking coal and non-coking coal were partly used for the first time. In the second half of the 1980s, pulverised coal injection—a technology for injecting coal directly into the blast furnace to provide the chemical reaction agents necessary to convert iron ore to pig-iron—became more prevalent. Coal used in this way, as PCI, provides important economic benefits to the steel-maker; it lowers the quantity of coke required to produce pig-iron (one tonne of PCI coal replaces about 1.4 tonnes of coking coal and thereby prolongs the life

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I - I.15

of coke ovens by reducing the amount of coke required to be produced. This is important because many coke ovens are reaching the end of their useful life and significant investment is required to replace or to maintain them, which often involves additional costs to meet stringent environmental standards. Table I.5: PCI used in blast furnaces (major consumers in thousand tonnes) Japan Korea Germany France India Netherlands United States United Kingdom Italy New Zealand Spain Slovak Republic Sweden Belgium Turkey Colombia

2006 10670 5603 2975 2541 2266 1289 1408 1000 1299 814 362 470 426 469 .. 198

2007 11594 6284 3115 2453 2377 1559 1550 1109 829 788 568 468 426 403 266 198

Total

31790

33987

See Table 5.4 in Part II for other countries and historical data. World totals are Secretariat estimates. Includes granular coal injection for some countries.

The performance of PCI technology depends on the quality and consistency of the pulverised coal used in the blast furnace. In terms of volatility, a wide range of coals—from anthracite to high volatile—are utilised. Indicative qualities for PCI coal (air dried) are as follows: below 7% ash; below 10% total moisture, low alkalis and low phosphorus. It should be noted that in IEA statistics of coal consumption, PCI is classified by the IEA Secretariat as a steam coal (as most PCI coal is generally of a steam coal quality and not coking coal quality) for most

countries. (For Japan, PCI consumption is reported in this book as a coking coal in order to be consistent with the Japanese practice of including imports of PCI coal with coking coal). This approach to coal classification for statistical reporting purposes recognises that PCI and other similar coals are also blended with coking coal to form a coal that is still suitable for coke making. However, it should be noted that member countries are not consistent in reporting steam and coking coal import and export statistics to the IEA Secretariat because PCI coals are included in coking coal data by some countries and in steam coal by others. For this reason it is difficult to compare steam and coking coal supply in some large users of PCI or to match import data with export data for the same partner countries for steam and coking. As imports and exports data for PCI coal are not available separately, the IEA Secretariat is not able to “correct” trade data reported by member countries to ensure that the series of steam and coking coal trade and supply are consistent. PCI coal is classified as steam coal in the statistics of the following countries: France, Luxembourg and Turkey, whereas PCI coal is classified as a coking coal by the following countries: Australia, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom and the United States. Data on PCI consumption are available from 1990 (Table 5.4). PCI consumption statistics suggest that PCI consumption worldwide is increasing as steel industries in the Non-OECD countries refine their steel making technology and add new processes such as carbon injection. With the 2008 edition of Coal Information, Japan has reclassified part of its coal inputs to coke ovens as inputs to blast furnaces.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I - I.17

4. TRADE in 2008 and remains the second largest hard coal exporter in the world.

Hard coal trade World hard coal trade grew by 1.3% or 11.8 Mt in 2008. Trade is now estimated at 937.8 Mt in 2008 compared to 926.0 Mt in 2007. Table I.6: World hard coal trade [Mt]

World Asia - Pacific Europe Africa + Middle East North America Latin America Balancing Item

2007

2008e

926.0 465.5 313.0 23.7 55.4 23.7 44.8

937.8 484.4 297.4 24.9 46.2 27.3 57.6

Growth (%) 1.3% 4.0% -5.0% 5.2% -16.5% 15.3% NA

Note: There is some uncertainty in the regional breakdown of trade because the balancing item in Part II, Table 3.2 has not been allocated to the regions. The convention adopted in this book is that world trade in coal is considered equal to the sum of the exports of all countries. Because total world imports do not equal total world exports for the same period (as trade is not instantaneous) a balancing item has been introduced in Part II, Tables 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4. As a consequence the sum of imports of coal by region will not coincide with world trade.

Detailed statistics on imports and exports by origin and destination for the OECD countries are presented in Part III. Detailed coal trade statistics for the main non-OECD countries are presented in Part IV of this book.

Exports Australia remains the world's leading coal exporter with total hard coal exports reaching 252.2 Mt in 2008, 3.5% up compared to the previous year despite quarter one flooding in Queensland. Indonesia continues to show exports growth with a further increase of 2.8% or 5.6 Mt to reach 202.6 Mt

Russia’s exports of hard coal increased by 3.3%, from 98.1 Mt in 2007 to 101.3 Mt in 2008, thus remaining the world’s third largest hard coal exporter. Colombia coal exports showed a rapid 14.4% increase reaching 73.9 Mt in 2008 remaining the fourth-largest coal exporter. This was despite a mammoth 38.0% increase in hard coal exports from the United States from 53.4 Mt to 73.7 Mt, following on from an impressive 18.9% growth in 2007. South African exports dropped for the third straight year, (by 6.1% or 4.0 Mt) to 61.8 Mt in 2008, which is the lowest level since 1998. The country slides to become the world’s sixth largest exporter. Exports from China decreased for the fifth consecutive year, this time by 10.7% to 47.4 Mt which is almost exactly half of 2003’s export tonnage (94.0 Mt). Table I.7: Major hard coal exporters [Mt] Australia Indonesia Russia Colombia United States South Africa PR of China Canada Kazakhstan Vietnam Other

2006 231.3 171.4 91.4 62.0 44.9 68.7 63.2 28.0 27.4 21.3 54.7

2007 243.6 197.0 98.1 64.6 53.4 65.8 53.1 29.7 29.5 31.9 56.2

2008e 252.2 202.6 101.3 73.9 73.7 61.8 47.4 31.5 27.1 20.7 45.6

Total(1)

864.3

922.9

937.8

(1) See note (1) on Table I.8

Canadian hard coal exports increased by 6.1% (or 1.8 Mt) to 31.5 Mt, ensuring that Canada remains the eighth largest coal exporter. Kazakhstan, Vietnam, Poland and Venezuela all showed substantial percentile declines.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.18 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I

Coal exports from all other countries (including Poland and Venezuela) decreased by 18.9% from 56.2 Mt to 45.6 Mt in 2008. A bulk of these exports originated in Poland, Venezuela, the Czech Republic, Ukraine, and Norway. It should be noted that exports from Belgium and the Netherlands consist of reexported volumes.

Imports Although final data for coal imports does not allow for allocation of all reported coal exports to countries world-wide, preliminary estimates indicate that total world hard coal imports which can be allocated were about 922.6 Mt in 2008, a 1.6% increase over 2008 imports of 908.1 Mt. The top five ranking coal importing countries in 2008 are, in order: Japan, Korea, Chinese Taipei, India and Germany. Of the top 20 importers, 10 decreased from 2007. Table I.8: Major hard coal importers [Mt] Japan Korea Chinese Taipei India Germany PR of China United Kingdom United States Russia Italy France Spain Turkey Netherlands Brazil Other

2006 179.1 79.7 57.1 43.1 42.1 38.1 50.5 32.7 25.7 24.6 20.4 23.7 20.3 22.8 13.4 180.4

2007 187.0 88.3 59.3 49.8 46.3 51.0 43.4 32.9 23.4 25.0 18.7 24.4 22.9 26.0 14.9 194.8

2008e 185.6 99.6 66.1 59.8 46.1 45.6 43.7 30.9 25.8 25.1 21.3 21.0 19.5 19.1 17.7 195.7

Total(1)

853.7

908.1

922.6

(1) Rounding, differences between coal types (coking and steam) and assignment of source and destination “non-specified” coal results in some discrepancies between Table 3.2, and Tables 3.14 and 3.16 in Part II. Statistics for hard coal exports and imports presented in these tables are shown for selected countries with historic data in Part II, Tables 3.5, 3.7, 3.14 and 3.16.

sharp fall from the previous five years which averaged 7.5%. The annual volume of world and seaborne trade since 1985 are shown in Part II, Table 3.1. Table I.9: World seaborne hard coal trade [Mt] Growth (%) -0.1% 7.8% 2.0%

Methodology for estimating seaborne coal trade Seaborne coal trade is estimated as exports from all countries with the following exceptions. Hard coal, steam and coking coal are calculated similarly: Europe: - Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Netherlands, Slovak Republic excludes continental Europe main rail and inland waterways shipping routes. - Poland excludes one third of all exports to Germany and all exports to Austria, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, the Slovak Republic, former Soviet Union and former Yugoslavia - Former Yugoslavia excludes intra-former Yugoslavia trade Former Soviet Union Republics excludes all exports to Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and the Slovak Republic and exclude intra-Soviet Union trade North / South America: -

Canada Colombia United States Venezuela

excludes to the United States excludes to Venezuela excludes to Canada, Mexico excludes to Colombia

Asia: - China - DRP Korea - India - Myanmar - Vietnam

The methodology used to estimate seaborne trade is described in the accompanying box.

Africa:

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

2008e 606.1 243.2 849.3

Seaborne hard coal trade since 1985 has increased at an average rate of 6.6% for steam coal, 2.7% for coking coal and 5.1% combined. This trend was not matched in 2008 where steam coal trade declined 0.1% and coking coal trade grew 7.8%.

Seaborne coal trade

World seaborne coal trade was 849.3 Mt in 2008, of which 606.1 Mt was steam coal and 243.2 Mt was coking coal. Seaborne trade is up by 2.0% or 17.0 Mt compared to 2007. This marks the tenth consecutive year of growth for seaborne hard coal trade but a

2007 606.7 225.6 832.3

Steam Coal Coking Coal Total

- South Africa - Zimbabwe

excludes to DRP Korea excludes to China excludes neighbouring countries except China excludes to Thailand excludes to Cambodia excludes neighbouring countries excludes neighbouring countries

The breakdown between coking and steam coal statistics in world coal trade is affected by the practice of some countries, e.g. Australia that includes some steam

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I - I.19

coal (soft or semi-soft coking coal, used for blending or as PCI) in their coking coal statistics. Some countries, e.g. Japan (See Box on Japanese coal trade classification) also report such coals as coking coal imports but other countries include this trade in their steam coal import statistics. This results in a discrepancy between reported world imports and exports of coking and steam coal. As the use of PCI and blended coal increases, and unless countries adopt a standard reporting system for coal trade, this statistical problem will render data on steam and coking coal trade increasingly misleading. A standard reporting of PCI coal using a classification based on coal quality rather then on coal end-use would be a major improvement.

A note on Japanese coal trade classification In the official Japanese trade statistics collected by the Ministry of Finance (MOF), imported coal is initially classified according to its inherent properties, then allocated to either the category steam or coking coal. Bituminous coal with not more than 8% ash (on an air-dried basis) is always classified as a coking coal. Sub-bituminous coal, irrespective of its ash content, is classified as a steam coal. Bituminous coal with more than 8% ash can be classified as either a steam or coking coal, according to the judgement at the discharge port. In practice, this means for example, that Kaltim Prima coal (classified as a steam coal in Indonesian export statistics) is always classified as a coking coal by MOF, despite its possible use as a power station fuel. On the other hand METI (the Japanese Agency that submits trade data to the IEA) collects import data from coal users and classifies coal on the basis of its free swelling index (FSI) and percent Volatile content as follows: FSI greater than 1 greater than 1 others

Volatile content Less than or equal to 14 Less than or equal to 23 Others

Classification coking coal coking coal Steam coal

Overland coal trade Coal traded overland internationally in 2008 was 88.5 Mt, and represented 9.4% of total international trade - a further decrease of 5.2 Mt, or 5.5%. This can be compared to 1985 where trade overland internationally was 182.4 Mt or 39.7% of international trade. This trade consists primarily of trade between the United States and Canada, trade between countries within continental Europe and the former Soviet Union

and trade between the successor republics of the former Soviet Union. In North America, most coal is transported to the Great Lakes via railroad from producing regions in the Appalachian and Rocky Mountains, and taken by water-borne carriers (“lakers”) to the final point of consumption. Trade between the US and Mexico is also primarily by rail. The main inland transportation method for overland transport in Europe is by rail; however, a significant amount of coal moves by inland waterway as well. Inland international coal trade in the former Soviet Union consists of primarily rail shipments of coal from Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine to each other, and to other former members of the Soviet Union. Also of note, while overland trade is only 9.4% of international trade, in 2008 international exports were only 13.8% of global production.

Steam coal trade Total world steam coal exports decreased by 8.2 Mt or 1.2% in 2008 to dip to 676.0 Mt (Part II, Table 3.3). In terms of tonnage volume, exports from Indonesia, Australia, Colombia and the United States rose in 2008 whereas Russia, South Africa, China, Kazakhstan, Vietnam and the Netherlands experienced a decline in their steam coal exports. Table I.10: Major steam coal exporters [Mt] Indonesia Australia Russia Colombia South Africa PR of China United States Kazakhstan Vietnam Netherlands Other

2007 167.7 112.4 88.0 64.6 65.1 50.6 24.2 29.2 31.9 11.9 38.5

2008e 173.0 115.3 85.8 73.6 61.3 42.7 35.1 27.1 20.6 6.5 34.9

Total(1)

684.1

676.0

(1) See note (1) on Table I.11

In 2008, Indonesia increased their steam coal market share to 25.6% of world steam coal exports. Australia, Russia and Colombia followed with respective shares of 17.1% (up 0.4%), 12.7% (steady) and 10.9% (up 0.9%) as Australia, Indonesia and Colombia all produced record exports.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.20 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I

Table I.11: Major steam coal importers [Mt] Japan Korea Chinese Taipei United Kingdom Germany PR of China India United States Russia Italy Spain Malaysia Turkey Netherlands France Other

2007 128.8 65.8 54.9 35.9 36.7 44.8 27.8 31.4 23.4 18.7 20.8 15.7 17.8 21.7 13.3 143.7

2008e 128.2 75.5 60.2 37.4 36.9 35.3 30.9 29.3 25.8 19.0 17.6 16.0 14.9 14.7 14.0 144.4

Total(1)

701.2

700.1

(1) Rounding, differences between coal types (coking and steam) and assignment of source and destination “non-specified” coal results in some discrepancies between Table 3.3 and Tables 3.19 and 3.21 in Part II. Statistics for steam coal imports presented in this table are shown for selected countries with historic data in Part II, Tables 3.10, 3.12, 3.19 and 3.21.

In 2008, steam coal imports in the Asia-Pacific market increased by 1.9%, or 6.8 Mt, to reach 362.3 Mt. Asia-Pacific imports represent 53.6% of total world steam coal trade in 2008. Consumption growth in the Asia-Pacific market has underpinned international steam coal trade in the recent past. Japan remained, by far, the world's largest single market for seaborne steam coal, receiving 128.2 Mt in 2008, down 0.6 Mt from 2007. Other major recipients in the region were Korea (75.5 Mt), Chinese Taipei (60.2 Mt), China (35.3 Mt), India (30.9 Mt), Malaysia (16.0 Mt) and Thailand (13.1 Mt). In 2008, the major steam coal suppliers to this AsiaPacific market were Indonesia, Australia, China and Russia. Steam coal exports to the European market were 226.0 Mt in 2007, 14.7 Mt or 6.1% lower than in 2007. This market represents 33.4% of total world steam coal trade in 2008. Within the region, the major European importers were the United Kingdom (37.4 Mt), Germany (36.9 Mt), Italy (19.0 Mt), Spain (17.6 Mt), Turkey (14.9 Mt) the Netherlands (14.7 Mt) and France (14.0 Mt). The 2007 main steam coal suppliers to this market were Russia, South Africa, Colombia, Indonesia, the United States, Poland and Australia. In North America, steam coal shipments decreased by 18.0%, from 50.5 to 41.4 Mt in 2008. Total North American steam coal imports were down by 10.1 Mt. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Table I.12: World steam coal trade [Mt] World Asia - Pacific Europe North America Africa + Middle East Latin America Balancing Item

2007 679.2 355.5 240.7 50.5 18.7 9.4 4.4

2008e 676.0 362.3 226.0 41.4 20.3 13.7 12.4

Growth % -0.5% 1.9% -6.1% -18.0% 8.3% 45.0% NA

Note: Uncertainty in the regional breakdown of trade exists because the balancing item in Part II, Table 3.3, is not allocated to the regions. Due to the practice of some OECD countries classifying steam quality coal as coking coal imports, export statistics in this table have been adjusted to reflect this practice and are inconsistent with data in Part II, Tables 3.19 and 3.21.

The largest supplier to the North American market is Colombia, followed by trade between Canada and the United States, ahead of imports from Indonesia and Venezuela. In 2008, 13.7 Mt of steam coal were imported to Latin American countries, (nearly half of which went to Brazil) an increase of 8.3% over 2007. The largest suppliers to Latin America are Colombia, Indonesia, South Africa, United States and Canada.

Coking coal trade Total world coking coal trade increased by 6.1% from 246.8 Mt to 261.8 Mt in 2008. Table I.13: World coking coal trade [Mt] World Asia - Pacific Europe Latin America North America Africa + Middle East Balancing Item

2007 246.8 110.0 72.3 14.2 4.9 5.0

2008e 261.8 122.1 71.5 13.6 4.9 4.7

Growth % 6.1% 11.0% -1.2% -6.6% -1.2% -4.5%

40.3

45.2

NA

Note: Uncertainty exists in the regional trade breakdown because the balancing item in Part II, Table 3.4 is not allocated to the regions. Due to the practice of some OECD countries classifying steam quality coal as coking coal imports, export statistics in this table have been adjusted to reflect this practice and are inconsistent with data in Part II, Tables 3.18 and 3.20.

Australia remained, by far the largest exporter at 136.9 Mt, with exports up by 5.7 Mt compared to the previous year. The United States has become the second-ranking coking coal exporter with increased volume of 38.6 Mt from 29.2 Mt or an increase of 9.4 Mt. The third-ranked Indonesia remained relatively stable with a 0.2 Mt increase to reach 29.6 Mt of exports.

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I - I.21

Table I.14: Major coking coal exporters [Mt] Australia United States Indonesia Canada Russia PR of China Czech Republic New Zealand Poland South Africa Other

2007 131.2 29.2 29.3 26.0 10.0 2.5 4.8 2.0 2.4 0.8 0.6

2008e 136.9 38.6 29.6 26.6 15.5 4.7 3.1 2.6 1.6 0.6 2.0

Total(1)

238.8

261.8

(1) See note (1) on Table I.15.

Table I.15: Major coking coal importers [Mt] Japan India Korea Brazil PR of China Germany Ukraine France United Kingdom Italy Chinese Taipei Turkey Netherlands Poland Spain Other

2007 58.2 22.0 22.5 10.3 6.2 9.6 8.6 5.4 7.5 6.3 4.5 5.1 4.4 2.3 3.7 30.3

2008e 57.4 28.8 24.1 11.3 10.3 9.3 7.4 7.2 6.3 6.1 5.9 4.5 4.4 3.4 3.4 32.7

Total(1)

206.9

222.5

(1) Rounding, differences between coal types (coking and steam) and assignment of source and destination “non-specified” coal results in some discrepancies between Table 3.4, and Tables 3.18 and 3.20 in Part II. Statistics for coking coal imports presented in this table are shown for selected countries with historic data in Tables 3.9, 3.11, 3.18 and 3.20.

The remaining market was divided among Canada, Russia, China, the Czech Republic, New Zealand, Poland and South Africa with 2 Mt being attributed to other countries. Indonesia, South Africa and Colombia supply coals with marginal coking characteristics, but they are classified as coking coals in Table I.13 and Table I.14 since they are used in coking coal blends or for pulverised coal injection (PCI) by importing countries that classify them as coking coals. Coking coal exports to Asia-Pacific are estimated to have increased 11.0% or 12.1 Mt to 122.1 Mt in 2008. Within the region, Japan accounts for 47.0% of the market, and remains the world’s largest single market

for seaborne coking coal. In 2008, exports to Japan reached 57.4 Mt. Other major importers in the region were India (28.8), Korea (24.1 Mt) and Chinese Taipei (5.9 Mt). The major coking coal supplier to this regional market in 2008 was Australia, with nearly 58.0% of supply, followed by Indonesia and Canada, and then Russia and China. Coking coal trade to the European market was 71.5 Mt in 2008, which is 1.2% lower than in 2008. This market accounts for 27.3% of the world coking coal exports. Within the region, the major importers are Germany (9.3 Mt), Ukraine (7.4 Mt), France (7.2 Mt), the United Kingdom (6.3 Mt), Italy (6.1 Mt), Turkey (4.5 Mt), the Netherlands (4.4 Mt) Poland (3.4 Mt) and Spain (3.4 Mt). Belgium, the Slovak Republic, Romania, Sweden, Austria, Hungary, Croatia, the Czech Republic and Finland were the other coking coal exports recipients located in this region. The main coking coal suppliers to this market in 2008 were Australia, the United States, Canada, the Czech Republic, Poland and and Russia. These six countries controlled 95.3% of the market. Within North America a majority of coking coal trade is between Canada and the United States. About 4.9 Mt of coking coal was traded in the region in 2008. In 2008, Latin America showed a net trade of 13.6 Mt of coking coal, 11.3 Mt of which went to Brazil. Chile and Argentina also reported small volumes of imports. The main suppliers to this regional market are the United States, Australia and Canada. These three countries control 91.4% of the Latin American export coking coal market.

Coke oven coke trade The OECD countries’ imports of coke oven coke increased by 2.5% (0.5 Mt) to 19.1 Mt in 2008 (Table 3.13). Germany, the United States, Austria, Canada, Japan and France were the six major OECD coke importers in 2008, accounting for 68.9% of coke imports. Germany alone accounted for 22.7% of the OECD coke imports in 2008.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.22 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I

Coke exports from the OECD countries were about 12.9 Mt in 2008, a decrease of 4.9% over the 2007 level (Table 3.22). Poland, the United States, France, Japan, the Czech Republic and Spain were the top six exporters in 2008 accounting for 86.9% of coke exports. Coke statistics for the non-OECD countries are available for 2007. Although coke imports and

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

exports both increased, the non-OECD countries, as a region, remained a net exporter with imports of 13.3 Mt and exports of 20.6 Mt in 2007. Within the non-OECD countries, China (15.3 Mt) and Russia (3.2 Mt) were the main exporters, while India (4.2 Mt), the Ukraine (2.1 Mt) and Brazil (1.6 Mt) were the main importers. On its own, China accounted for 44.8% of world coke exports.

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I - I.23

5. PRICES This section provides analyses of customs unit values and end-user prices reported by OECD Member countries: x Customs unit values are average values derived from customs’ administrations total volume and total value data. These data indicate broad price movements as they are averages of all qualities of coal without regard to the end-use of the coal or to the contract terms and conditions under which the trade occurs. x End-user prices are those paid by end-users in the power sector and in industry; and are reported by Member countries in a quarterly reporting system which the IEA’s Standing Group on Long Term Co-operation initiated in 1981. Data received are published in the IEA quarterly publication Energy Prices and Taxes. Unless otherwise stated, prices are reported in US dollars in the year specified (i.e. current US dollars). Annual FOB, CIF and coal end-user prices for up to twenty three years are presented in tables at the end of this narrative; only the most recent representative prices are shown in tabular form in the text. In addition to the official price statistics presented, coal price statistics published in the industry press are used to summarize short term spot steam coal price trends. Although not “official” in that they are not provided by member countries, there is a high correlation between prices published by the industry press and national coal price statistics.

International steam coal prices Customs unit values Steam coal import unit values The estimated cost of steam coal imported by the OECD countries surged on the back of the energy commodity price spike experienced in particular by

oil to an average of $121.19/t in 2008, measured by customs unit values, which showed an unprecedented increase of 66.8% from the level of $72.65/t in 2007. This follows a solid increase of 14.7% in 2007 (from the level of $63.34/t in 2006), especially when both are compared to a basic inflation index. The average cost of steam coal imported into Japan was $125.42/t, an increase of 76.8% in 2008 from the average price level of $70.92/t in 2007. This follows a 12.0% increase from the 2006 level of $63.33/t with the end result of almost doubling the price in two years. The cost of steam coal imported into the European Union averaged $137.79/t, increasing 67.6% in 2008 from the average price of $82.21/t in 2007 after an increase of 17.8% in 2007 from the 2006 level of $69.80/t. Also of note, the rapidity of the rise and fall in prices in 2008 ensured yearly averages were well below intra year price highs experienced across spot markets. Table I.16: Steam coal: Import unit values CIF [US$/t] 2006 2007 2008

OECD 63.34 72.65 121.19

Japan 63.33 70.92 125.42

EU 69.80 82.21 137.79

Change 2006 to 2007 Change 2007 to 2008

14.7% 66.8%

12.0% 76.8%

17.8% 67.6%

See Tables 4.3 and 4.4 for previous years for Japan and EU.

Export unit values Export unit values reflect the price of coal at the point of exiting a producing country; thus, the price includes the transportation cost of moving the coal from the producing mine to the point of exit; however, it excludes the international transportation cost. Export

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.24 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I

unit values summarised in the table below, and detailed in Table 4.5 are “free on board” (FOB) for Australia, Columbia, Indonesia and South Africa; and “free at shipside” (FAS) for the United States. The value in FOB countries includes the cost of loading at the port of exit, while it is excluded in the data for the United States. Table I.17: Steam Coal: Export unit values (FOB/FAS) [US$/t]

2006 2007 2008

Average to all markets Australia Indonesia Colombia South Africa FOB FOB FOB FOB 47.05 47.25 51.92 45.90 51.11 60.91 57.76 51.06 92.23 115.48 120.27 88.19

Change 06 to 07 07 to 08

8.6% 80.5%

28.9% 89.6%

11.2% 108.2%

11.2% 72.7%

US FAS 55.66 52.61 62.76 -5.5% 19.3%

See Table 4.5 for previous years.

Average FOB export unit value (in US dollars) for Australia, Indonesia, Colombia and South Africa increased strongly in 2008 with increases varying between 72.7% in South Africa to 108.2% in Colombia and this occurred in conjunction with increases in exports by all countries shown - with the exception of South Africa. The US FAS increased markedly, but moderately in comparison to the other countries, by 19.3% following price drops in 2006 and 2007.

Comparison to oil import values In some OECD Member countries, steam coal competes directly with heavy and crude oil in the power generation sector, and increasingly natural gas, as outlined in more detail in this year’s feature article on page I.31. It is therefore appropriate to compare imported steam coal and other selected import energy commodity prices on a raw calorific basis – average plant efficiencies for different technologies have not been factored in due to complexity - and are summarised in Figure I.1 on page I.27. In 2008, the average import cost of steam coal increased by two thirds on a quarter by quarter comparison with 2007. In comparison, the average import cost of crude oil increased by 45.5% with a third quarter 2008 average cost of $592/tce. The Rotterdam average spot price of heavy fuel oil (3.5% sulphur) was 44% higher across 2008 at $329/tce compared to $234/tce average in 2007. In terms of cost per unit of energy in the fourth quarter of 2008, crude oil and piped natural gas were both 2 times, and high sulphur fuel oil was 1.2 times more

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

expensive than the cost of energy supplied with steam coal in 2008. This compares to a much higher factor of 4.5 for crude, 2.5 for piped natural gas and 3.4 for heavy sour fuel oil in 2007. Some of this can be explained by more volatility, flexibility and responsivity/sensitivity in the oil market in comparison to coal, and that the solid declines in coal spot prices in 2009, have not yet appeared on the right of this chart. However, on a raw dollar per joule energy basis, coal remains the cheapest fossil fuel and has done so especially in the last decade. During the late 1980s and the 1990s, the IEA import cost of crude oil hovered between 150% and 200% of the cost of steam coal, on an energy equivalent basis. In 1999 however, the price of oil soared, leading the crude price to be nearly four times that of steam coal and twice that of natural gas. At the end of 2000 oil prices dipped briefly, but then rose again from 2002 onwards and increased dramatically starting in 2005, hitting an unprecedented peak in mid-2008. During this time the costs of steam coal and gas were increasing at a slower rate. Compared to the third quarter 2007 values, the third quarter 2008 gas import cost was 57% higher, the coal cost was 87% higher and the crude oil cost was up 64%. This meant that in the third quarter of 2008, in terms of cost per unit of energy, crude oil was 3.9 times more expensive than steam coal and 2.3 times more expensive than LNG. In the fourth quarter of 2008, however, crude oil costs decreased significantly, meaning oil was just 2 times more expensive than coal and 11% more expensive than LNG. In the first quarter of 2009 crude oil continued this decrease, and so it actually became 22% cheaper than gas imported by pipeline and 10% cheaper than LNG and is viewed by some as an overcorrection.

Comparison of import and export unit values Figure I.2 on page I.27 summarises long term trends for Japanese and European Union import unit values and Australian, Colombian, and South African export unit values. The intent is to show the average difference between export and import values for three major coal exporters and two major coal importing entities. The difference theoretically relates to average international transport costs. The chart illustrates that import values and export values tend to fluctuate in tandem—suggesting that, over the long run, international transportation rates remain relatively constant, with the exception noticed at the very end of 2008, where differences were roughly double what they were only two years earlier in 2006.

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I - I.25

It also shows the sharp increase in FOB unit values from major exporters, along with corresponding rises in CIF import values in the key Japanese and EU markets, beginning in the late summer of 2003. Regional variations of import values are influenced by seaborne transportation rates as well as differences in underlying coal qualities and costs.

Spot steam coal prices Figure I.3 and Figure I.4 summarise movements in average monthly spot coal prices in two coal consuming regions and two coal producing countries. The price statistics are estimated by The McCloskey Coal Group Ltd and published in McCloskey’s Coal Report on a fortnightly basis. The estimates are based upon surveys of actual spot transactions in the importing and exporting regions. Though there are not official IEA statistics, these prices are shown here to illustrate shortterm and more recent steam coal price movements. The trend illustrated by Figure I.3 indicates a surge in CIF (imported) steam coal prices, beginning in late 2003 and culminating in July 2004. After that date, prices gradually declined to reach 2003 year’s end levels by the end of 2005. Since then they have dramatically increased to reach a new record peak in July 2008, when CIF prices were 272% and 227% higher compared to their respective values in July 2008. Driven by increased consumption and stagnant supply growth in the Atlantic market (EU and East/Gulf Coast North America), South African steam coal export prices showed a gradual upward pattern even in early 2003. After fluctuating in a narrow range in the fourth quarter of 2002 and the first quarter of 2003, steam coal prices surveyed at Richards Bay started a threefold increase and peaked by June 2004. However, prices went down during the next three quarters to resume the level of early 2004 by February 2005. Despite a short period of increases, Richards Bay export prices declined during the second half of 2005 to then increase significantly between November 2005 and March 2006, reaching its highest level since February 2004. During the first quarter of 2007, Richards Bay export prices started to increase steeply due to increasing oil prices and a higher demand on coal for electricity generation in major consuming countries, before doubling in the second half of the year increasing by a lerger amount in the first half of 2008 before hitting record prices in July 2008 over three times their July 2006 value. Since then, prices have returned to July 2007 levels. Although prices at Newcastle, Australia (Figure I.4) began rising somewhat later in 2003, they surged even

more strongly in the fourth quarter of 2003. The surveys of Newcastle prices suggest and increase of 245% between April 2003 and June 2004. As in Richards Bay, prices in Newcastle fell during the second half of 2004, were fairly stable until July 2005 before falling and rising again, so that by August 2006 they were roughly at the level of August 2005. After a decrease between July and November 2006, Newcastle prices increased 475% between the short term low in November 2005 and the all time highs in July 2008. In the year since then, they have fallen by two thirds to levels comparable to June 2007.

International coking coal prices Customs unit values In Japan, average customs unit values for coking coal imports decreased slightly (5.0%) in 2007 after three consecutive years of increases, reaching again 2005 levels. This was overshadowed by the massive 108.2% increase where average coking coal prices more than doubled in 2008 (Table I.18). In the EU, the average customs unit values increased in 2008 by 57.4%, from $125.73/t to $197.84/t, after remaining stable in 2007. Table I.18: Coking coal: Import unit values (CIF) [US$/t] 2006 2007 2008 Change 2006 to 2007 Change 2007 to 2008

Japan 93.10 88.43 184.13

EU 125.86 125.73 197.84

-5.0% 108.2%

-0.1% 57.4%

See Tables 4.1 and 4.2 for previous years.

Export unit values summarised in Table 1.19, and detailed in Table 4.6, are “free on board” (FOB) for Australia and “free at shipside” (FAS) for the United States. Thus, the value in Australia includes the cost of loading at the port of exit, while it is excluded in the data for the United States. Table I.19: Coking coal: Export unit values (FOB/FAS) [US$/t] 2006 2007 2008 Change 2006 to 2007 Change 2007 to 2008

Australia 98.27 84.16 194.87

US 111.72 98.10 148.39

-14.4% 131.5%

-12.2% 51.3%

See Table 4.6 for previous years.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.26 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I

In 2008, coking coal export unit values increased to windfall levels for Australia and the United States with whopping respective gains of 131.5% and 51.3%. Prices in Australia soared to $194.87/t and the United States $148.39/t from their levels a year earlier of $84.16/t and $98.10/t. Coking coal CIF prices incorporate fluctuations in shipping rates.

End-user prices Data on coal prices paid by end-users in the power sector and in industry are reported to the OECD by member countries in a quarterly reporting system which the IEA’s Standing Group on Long Term Co-operation initiated in 1981. Data received are published in the IEA quarterly publication Energy

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Prices and Taxes. Data presented in US dollars in Tables 4.7, 4.8 and 4.9 have been sourced from this publication. In Part III, Table 13, where it has been reported, prices of coal used in the power sector and by industry are shown in both national currencies and in US dollars on a tonne of coal equivalent basis. It should be stressed that definitions for prices shown for a particular energy source in a given sector may differ substantially from country to country. Although the Secretariat aims to report data that is comparable between countries, users are advised to carefully refer to the general and country-specific notes in the IEA publication, Energy Prices and Taxes, for details of sources and data coverage. End-user prices for some non-OECD countries are collected by the IEA Secretariat and are also published quarterly in Energy Prices and Taxes.

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I - I.27

Figure I.1: OECD international trade values for steam coal and oil (US$/tce) 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

Crude Oil (IEA CIF import cost) Heavy Fuel Oil (Spot Rotterdam) Liquified Natural Gas*(LNG)

Steam Coal (OECD CIF import cost) Natural Gas*(pipeline)

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices and Taxes. Notes: Spot prices for heavy fuel oil are not directly comparable to customs unit values for steam coal. They are, however, closely correlated with average CIF crude oil prices, which are, by definition comparable to customs unit values for steam coal. As a consequence, it is not unreasonable to compare customs unit values for steam coal with spot prices of heavy fuel oil. Steam coal and crude oil are IEA average and CIF import values. Steam coal excludes intra-EU trade. Heavy fuel oil is Rotterdam spot market value, 3.5% sulphur.

Figure I.2: Steam coal import and export value comparison (US$/t) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

Japan CIF

EU Member States CIF

Australia FOB

South Africa FOB

Colombia FOB

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices and Taxes.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.28 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I

Figure I.3: Delivered steam coal prices in Europe and Asia (US$/t CIF) 225 200 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0

McCloskey Northwest Europe CIF

McCloskey Asian CIF

Source: The McCloskey Coal Group Ltd, McCloskey’s Coal Report

Figure I.4: FOB port steam coal prices in South Africa and Australia (US$/t FOB) 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

South Africa (Richards Bay) Source: The McCloskey Coal Group Ltd, McCloskey’s Coal Report

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Australia (Newcastle)

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I - I.29

6. CO2 EMISSIONS (2006) World CO2 emissions from fossil fuels increased by 98.7% between 1971 and 2006, going from 14.1 Gt in 1971 to 21.0 Gt in 1990 and 28 Gt in 2006. Over the same period, coal-related emissions increased by 125% from 5.2 Gt in 1971 to 8.3 Gt in 1990 and 11.7 Gt in 2006, then accounting for 41.7% of CO2 emissions from fossil fuels. Coal since 2004, is the leading source of world CO2 emissions ahead of oil and natural gas. Since 2003, CO2 emissions from coal have grown per annum by an average of 650Mt (with growth averaging 6.5%), over 60% of which has come from rapid growth in China.

The increase in coal-related emissions was bigger in the non-OECD countries, which became responsible for the majority of coal-related emissions from 1992 onward. The non-OECD countries more than tripled their coal-related emissions from 2.1 Gt in 1971 to 7.3 Gt in 2006, whereas the increase in the OECD was of 40.3% from 3.1 Gt in 1971 to 4.4 Gt in 2006. Figure I.5: World CO2 emissions by fuel 15

5

0

Coal

Oil

Gas

Other

Source: IEA/OECD CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion

Figure I.6: World CO2 emissions by region 30 25 46%

20 Gt CO2

OECD emissions from fossil fuels increased from 9.3 Gt in 1971 to 11.1 Gt in 1990 and 12.9 Gt in 2006, which represents average annual growth rates of 1.0% between 1971 and 1990 and 0.9% between 1990 and 2006. As a result, the share of the OECD countries in total world CO2 emissions declined from 66% in 1971 to 53% in 1990 and 51% in 2006. Conversely, the share of the non-OECD countries in total world CO2 emissions rose from 30% in 1971 to 44% in 1990 and 46% in 2006, while the share of international aviation and marine bunkers (which cannot be attributed to a region) remained stable around 3%.

Gt CO2

10

The annual growth in the emissions from fossil fuels averaged 2.1% between 1971 and 1990 while it averaged 1.8% between 1990 and 2006. This lower pace of growth after 1990 is in part related to the collapse of the formerly centrally-planned economies of Central and Eastern Europe, which led to a rapid decline in inefficient industrial sectors and restructuring of these economies. Other important factors include the use of more efficient technologies, fuel switching and renewable energy sources. Of note though, while emissions increased on average by 1.2% between 1990 and 2000, they rose more quickly between 2000 and 2006, at an average pace of 2.9%.

44%

15 10

30% 4%

5

66%

3% 3% 51%

53%

0 1971 OECD

1990 Bunkers

2006 Non OECD

Source: IEA/OECD CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.30 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I

Figure I.7: OECD CO2 emissions by fuel - shares

Figure I.8: Coal-related CO2 emissions by region 12

50%

10

40%

8

Gt CO2

60%

30%

62% 51%

6

20% 4

41%

10% 2

0%

59%

49%

38%

1990

2006

0 1971

Coal

Oil

Natural gas

OECD

Other

Non OECD

Source: IEA/OECD CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion

Source: IEA/OECD CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion

CO2 emissions have been clearly linked to economic growth as shows in the example of China, where strongly increasing electricity production is the main driver for record high CO2 emissions. Coal consumption for electricity generation more than doubled in China between 2001 and 2006. World CO2 emissions have also been influenced by changes in international energy prices. Oil has been the largest contributor to world emissions until 2003, even though the upward trend was interrupted by the oil shocks of 1974 and 1979. Following the decline in oil prices after 1985, growth in emissions was mitigated because consuming countries adopted more energy-efficient technologies and behaviour, and some fuel switching. Oil, as the main contributor to OECD emissions, generated 43.4% of the CO2 emissions in 2006. As the OECD countries started diversifying their energy consumption after the two oil shocks, the share of oil in the CO2 emissions gradually declined and fell below the 50% line in 1980.

1.6 Gt in 1971 to 2.7 Gt in 2006. Emissions due to the other sectors (including transport) were almost cut by half between 1971 and 2005, falling from 1.2 Gt in 1971 to 0.7 Gt in 2006. As a result, the electricity and heat generation share of world coal-related CO2 emissions increased from 46% in 1971 to 71% in 2006, whereas the share of manufacturing industries and construction fell from 31% in 1971 to 23% in 2006. The decline in the share of other emissions was stronger, falling from 23% to 6% over the period.

Within the OECD, coal is the second source of CO2 emissions: between 1971 and 1985, coal was used as the main substitute to oil and its share increased, especially between 1978 and 1985, from its lowest point (31%) to its highest point (39%). After 1985, the share of coal declined regularly and by 1994 essentially returned to its 1971 level (34%). World coal-related CO2 emissions due to electricity and heat generation more than tripled between 1971 and 2005, from 2.4 Gt in 1971 to 8.3 Gt in 2006. During the same period, emissions due to manufacturing industries and construction increased by 68.8%, from

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Figure I.9: World coal-related CO2 emissions by sector 12 6%

Gt CO2

10

23%

8

14%

6

27% 23%

71%

4 31% 59%

2 46% 0 1971

1990

2006

Electricity and heat production Manuf acturing industries and construction Other*

* Other includes residential, transport, commercial/public services, agriculture, other enrgy industries and non-specified other sectors. Source: IEA/OECD CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I - I.31

7. THE FUTURE OF COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS: An extract from Energy Technology Perspectives 2008 The following feature article is provided to acquaint the reader with ongoing analytical work at the IEA.

Synopsis The world needs ever-increasing energy supplies to sustain economic growth and development, but energy resources are under pressure and CO2 emissions from today’s energy use already threaten our climate. What options do we have for switching to a cleaner and more efficient energy future? How much will it cost? And what policies do we need? The second edition of Energy Technology Perspectives: Scenarios and Strategies to 2050 addresses these questions. The publication responds to the G8 call on the IEA to provide guidance for decision makers on how to bridge the gap between what is happening and what needs to be done in order to build a clean, clever and competitive energy future. The IEA analysis demonstrates that a more sustainable energy future is within our reach, and that technology is the key. Increased energy efficiency, CO2 capture and storage, renewables, and nuclear power will all be important in a low-carbon economy and future. This innovative work demonstrates how energy technologies can make a difference in an ambitious series of global scenarios to 2050. Although this extract focuses on fossil-fuel power generation, the study contains technology road maps for all key energy sources and sectors, including electricity generation, buildings, industry and transport. Additionally, it provides detailed technology and policy insights to help focus the discussion and debate on our energy future.

Fossil-fuel electricity overview A baseline reference scenario is calculated with current technology, modernisation and growth assumptions. Within this, global electricity production is predicted to increase by 179% between 2005 and 2050. In 2050, coal-based generation is forecast to be 252% higher than in 2005 to account for 52% of all power generation. The share of gas-fired power generation increases from 20% today to 23% in 2050. Nuclear decreases to 8%, hydro decreases to 10%, and wind increases to account for 2.5% of all power generation. Electricity production would consume 32% of total global fossil-fuel production and account for 41% of energy-related CO2 emissions today. Improving the efficiency of electricity production therefore offers a significant opportunity to reduce the world’s dependence on fossil fuels, and in so doing helps to combat climate change and improve energy security. The current mix of natural gas and coal in electricity generation varies by country and region depending on resource availability and domestic fuel prices. Overall, 40% of the world’s electricity production comes from coal and 20% from gas. In South Africa and Poland the share of coal in power generation is above 90%. In China and Australia it is close to 80%, and in India, it is more than two-thirds. Coal accounts for around half of electricity generation in the United States and Germany, one-third in the United Kingdom, one-quarter in Japan and one-sixth in Russia. Russia produces almost half of its electricity from gas, INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.32 - COAL INFORMATION (2008 Edition) PART I

Table I.20: Technical fuel savings and CO2 reduction potentials from improving the efficiency of electricity production at existing plants

OECD G8 Plus five World

Coal (Mtoe/yr) 134-213 112-177 189-244 356-504

Oil (Mtoe/yr) 12-24 10-17 7-12 36-64

Gas (Mtoe/yr) 60-81 93-115 7-10 105-134

All fossil fuels (Mtoe/yr) 205-320 213-311 203-266 494-702

OECD G8 Plus five World

(Gt CO2/yr) 0.53-0.85 0.44-0.71 0.73-0.95 1.40-1.98

(Gt CO2/yr) 0.04-0.08 0.03-0.06 0.03-0.04 0.11-0.20

(Gt CO2/yr) 0.14-0.19 0.22-0.27 0.02-0.02 0.25-0.31

(Gt CO2/yr) 0.71-1.12 0.69-1.03 0.77-1.01 1.75-2.50

* Plus five is Brazil, China, India, Mexico and South Africa. Note: Compared to the reference year 2005.

Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel-fired plants can be reduced by improving conversion efficiency2 – by modernising and refurbishing existing plants and deploying the best available technologies in new plants; by co-firing coal with biomass or adding biogas to natural gas; by employing CO2 capture and storage (CCS); and by fuel switching from coal to natural gas. The best combination of mitigation measures depends on the existing power generation stock, the price of competing fuels and the cost of alternative technologies. In the case of efficiency improvements, Table I.20 shows the potential savings that could be made at existing power plants.

The current status of coaland natural gas-fired electricity generation Power generation using natural gas is competitive with coal at current prices for natural gas and coal in many regions of the world (for gas, typically USD 4 to USD 8 per GJ). However, fuel costs in natural-gas combined-cycle (NGCC) plants account for 60% to 75% of total generation costs, as compared to plants powered by coal, where fuel costs account for less

than half of the total (Figure I.10). At times, rises in gas prices in the United States and Europe in recent years have resulted in a switch from gas to coal-fired generation, and vice versa. A rapid development of natural gas-fired power generation could strain gas production and transport systems and lead to further natural gas price increases. Figure I.10: Investment, O&M and fuel costs of natural-gas and coal-fired power generation 70 60 50

Gas

40

USD/MWh

the United Kingdom close to 40% and the United States and Japan around 20%.

Gas

Coal

30 20 10

Coal

Coal Gas

0 Investment costs

Coal

Gas

Operation & maintenance costs

Fuel costs

Total costs

Source: IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG); IEA Clean Coal Centre (IEA CCC).

Key point: Natural gas plants are more sensitive to fuel costs, while coal plants are generally more capital intensive.

Power generation efficiency 2. Efficiency figures in this chapter are based on both lower and higher heating values (LHV and HHV). LHVs, unlike HHVs, do not include the latent heat of the moisture originally present in the fuel or from combustion of the coal hydrogen. European and IEA statistics are reported on an LHV basis, while United States statistics are reported on an HHV basis. On these bases, HHV efficiencies are about 2%age points lower than LHVs for coal-fired power plants and 5%age points lower for gas-fired combined-cycle plants.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

The efficiency of hard coal-fired power plants averaged about 35% from 1992 to 2005 globally. The best available coal-fired plants can achieve 47%. The efficiency of brown coal-fired power plants increased from 33% in 1992 to 35% in 2005.

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I - I.33

Coal-fired power generation in China Installed power generation capacity in China has increased nearly ten-fold from 1985 to 2006, reaching 622 GW. This includes over 100 GW of new capacity in 2006 alone. Installed coal-fired capacity in China is projected to increase under the IEA WEO Reference Scenario to 866 GW in 2015 and to 1 332 GW in 2030. The 4 000 MW Huaneng Yuhuan power plant in Zhejiang province (Eastern China) with its four ultra-supercritical units is the world’s largest coal-fired plant using this technology. It has a target efficiency of more than 45% (LHV). China also has, however, a very large number of small-scale subcritical power plants. 78% of the total electricity supply in 2006 was from coal-fired power plants. The average coal consumption of plants in China is more than 50 gce/kWh higher than for state-of-the-art USC units – this is equivalent to using 100 Mtce a year more than could be achieved with the best available technologies. China is the world’s largest coal consumer, and if Chinese plants were as efficient as the average plant in Japan, coal demand would be 21% less in China. Table I.21 shows emissions relative to electricity generation at China’s coal-fired plants. The expected introduction of large numbers of supercritical and ultra-supercritical plants, along with the retirement of older small-capacity units, is expected to improve average efficiency from 32% in 2005 to 39% in 2030, and should reduce specific emissions by 19% in 2030 compared to 2006. Table I.21: Coal-fired electricity generation and CO2 emissions in China Reference scenario Generation (TWh) Capacity GW CO2 (Mt) Emissions ratio (MtCO2/TWh)

1990 471 87 598 1.27

2006 2 328 449 2 758 1.18

2015 4 445 866 4 542 1.02

2030 6 335 1 332 6 055 0.96

Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2008.

In 2005, the average efficiency of hard coal-fired power plants ranged from less than 30% in India, 33% in China to 42% in Japan. The average efficiency of hard coal-fired plants in the United States has not changed significantly over the last 30 years, while the efficiency of plants in Western Europe and China has increased by about 6 percentage points. Relatively low coal prices in the United States provide little economic incentive to invest in more-efficient technology. The current efficiency of most coal-fired power plants is well below the levels that are now possible – and there is much potential for significant efficiency improvements in state-of-the-art technologies. Efficiency gains can be realised by improving existing plants or by installing new-generation technology. The decision to retrofit or replace an existing plant depends on the efficiency and age of the stock. The younger the plant, the more economical it is to retrofit. The efficiency of power plants also depends on the quality of their fuel (especially in the case of coal), the environmental standards that they must meet and their operation mode. All else being equal, power plants using highash, high-moisture coal (such as those used in India) have a lower efficiency than plants using low-ash, low-moisture coal. The cleaning of flue gases requires energy, and therefore reduces power plant efficiency. Running plants below their rated output, a common practice in market-driven electricity supply systems, can also reduce plant efficiency.

Pulverised-coal combustion (PCC) accounts for about 97% of the world’s coal-fired capacity. Improving the efficiency of PCC plants has been the focus of considerable efforts by the industry as it seeks to stay competitive and to become more environmentally acceptable. PCC subcritical steam power plants, with steam pressure of around 180 bar, temperatures of 540°C and unit sizes up to 1 000 MWe, are commercially available and in use worldwide. The average net efficiency (after in-plant power consumption) of larger subcritical plants burning higher quality coal is between 35% and 36%. New subcritical units with conventional environmental controls operate closer to 39% efficiency. The overall efficiency of older, smaller PCC plants that burn low-quality coal, can be below 30%. Supercritical steam-cycle plants with steam pressures of around 240 bar to 260 bar and temperatures of around 570°C have become the system of choice for new commercial coal-fired plants in many countries. Early supercritical units developed in Europe and the United States in the 1970s lacked operational flexibility and reliability and experienced maintenance problems. These difficulties have been overcome. In Europe and Japan, plants with supercritical steam operate reliably and economically at efficiencies in the range of 42% to 45% (HHV, net electrical output), and even higher in some favourable locations. Ultrasupercritical plants are supercritical pressure units with steam temperatures of typically 580°C and above. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.34 - COAL INFORMATION (2008 Edition) PART I

Integrated coal gasification combined-cycle (IGCC) plants are a fundamentally different technology, and are not yet commercially available. A small number of plants that were initially built with public funding as demonstrators are operating, with the best one achieving 42% electrical efficiency. Future conventional coal-fired steam units and IGCC plants are expected to achieve efficiencies above 50% in demonstrator projects within ten years. For coal with high ash and sulphur content, fluidisedbed combustion (FBC) in boilers operating at atmospheric pressure could be more efficient than PCC. FBC relies on two technologies: bubbling fluidised beds (BFBC) and circulating fluidised beds (CFBC), the latter being more commonly used for power generation applications. The power generation efficiency of CFBC units (200 MWe to 300 MWe) is generally comparable to that of PCC plants of the same size, because they use steam turbine cycles that operate under similar conditions. Larger CFBC units are under construction and have been designed to compete with the performance of comercial PCC units. Brown coal (lignite) is expected to increase its contribution to coal supply in some countries. It has a higher water content than hard coal, a lower heating value, and different boiler requirements. The optimal technology choice for hard coal and lignite may differ, as the availability and price of different coal types affects the power generation technology choice.

Age profile of the capital stock The age of a coal-fired generation plant has a considerable impact on the potential for CO2 emission reductions. Outage rates for coal-fired plants are generally about 5% for plants that are 10 to 20 years old. Unless the plant is refurbished, the rate increases to 20% for plants that are 40 years old. In the United States, re-powering projects for existing coal-fired plants have significantly extended plant lifetimes and in certain cases have resulted in substantial efficiency improvements. China is planning to re-power existing plants by introducing CFBC steam boilers and by replacing pulverised coal subcritical boilers with supercritical plants. Measures to reduce pollutant emissions may also be detrimental to boiler life. Electricitymarket liberalisation has brought more start-up and shut-down cycles than were contemplated in original

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

plant designs, which has considerably reduced boiler life (Paterson and Wilson, 2002). Given a lifespan of 40 to 60 years for coal-fired plants, retrofits may be considered to improve performance. In China, the bulk of coal-fired power plant stock is under 15 years old, so retrofitting existing stock may be a good option, as it may be in the United Kingdom, where 30-year old plants may be subject to life extensions. In Germany, about one-third of the stock is under 15 years old, and may be suitable for retrofitting, as in India where plants are on average 20 years old. Construction of coal-fired stock in the United States peaked around 1970. Many of these plants will have to be replaced between 2010 and 2030 and may not therefore be candidates for retrofitting. Our scenario analysis indicates that at around USD 25 per tonne of CO2, old plants may have higher operation costs than the total costs of a new plant with CCS.

CO2 emissions A comparison of average efficiencies with those of the best available power plants (as shown in Table I.22) shows that fuel consumption and CO2 emissions could be reduced considerably if the best available technologies were employed for retrofitting existing power plants. More information on designs for high efficiency and the potential of efficiency improvements can be found in the recent IEA publication, Fossil-Fuel-Fired Power Generation: case studies of recently constructed coal- and gas-fired plants (2007). Efficiency improvements can significantly reduce CO2 and other emissions. For a power plant with an efficiency of 30%, an increase in efficiency to 45% brings about a 33% decrease in fuel use and CO2 emissions. Improvements in the average efficiency of coal-fired power plants are already feasible. Twothirds of all coal-fired plants are over 20 years old. Such plants have an average efficiency of 29% or lower, and emit at least 3.9 Gt CO2 per year. If all of these were replaced by plants with efficiencies of 45%, CO2 emissions would be reduced by 1.4 Gt per year. Efficiency improvements also have the potential to reduce emissions of sulphur dioxide and, in certain cases, oxides of nitrogen (NOX). Natural gas, combined-cycle plants have the lowest CO2 emissions of all fossil fuel-based technologies, because of the low carbon intensity of natural gas and the high efficiency of the plants (Figure I.12).

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I - I.35

Table I.22: Performance summary for different fossil-fuel-fired plants Plant type Fuel

PCC

PCC

PCC

PCC

NGCC

IGCC

Hard coal

Hard coal

Hard coal

Hard coal

Natural gas

Hard coal

Sub critical

Typical super-critical

Ultra-supercritical (best available)

Ultra-supercritical (AD700)

Triple pressure reheat

Triple pressure reheat

180 bar 540 ˚C 540 ˚C

250 bar 560 ˚C 560 ˚C

300 bar 600 ˚C 620 ˚C

350 bar 700 ˚C 700 ˚C

124 bar 566 ˚C 566 ˚C

124 bar 563 ˚C 563 ˚C

Steam cycle

Steam conditions Gross output

MW

500

500

500

500

500

500

Auxiliary power

MW

42

42

44

43

11

67

Net output

MW

458

458

456

457

489

433

Gross efficiency

%

43.9

45.9

47.6

49.9

59.3

50.9

Net efficiency

%

40.2

42.0

43.4

45.6

58.1

44.1

CO2 emitted

t/h

381

364

352

335

170

321

Specific CO2 emitted

t/MWh net

0.83

0.80

0.77

0.73

0.35

0.74

Notes: AD700 is an EU development programme aimed at achieving >50% efficiency from coal-fired power plants with steam temperatures of around 700ºC by 2015. Data for IGCC is similarly based on target performance. Source: Loyd, 2007.

Figure I.12: The impact of fuel type and efficiency on the CO2 emissions of power plants

CO2 emitted (tonnes per MWh net generation)

1.8

Black coal

1.6

Brown coal

1.4

HFO

1.2

Distillate oil Natural gas

1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

55%

60%

Net plant efficiency (LHV) Source: Loyd, 2007.

Key point: CO2 emissions per MWh net generated decrease by 50% when net plant efficiency is doubled.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.36 - COAL INFORMATION (2008 Edition) PART I

Technology status development Advanced steam cycles Supercritical and ultra-supercritical plants are defined by the steam temperatures at which they operate. Supercritical plants use steam temperatures of 540°C and above, while ultra-supercritical plants typically use steam at 580°C and above. Supercritical steam-cycle technology has been used in IEA countries for several decades. Typically, a switch from supercritical to ultra-supercritical steam conditions would raise efficiency by another 4 percentage points. Overall, the efficiency of ultra-supercritical pressure units could be in the range of 50% to 55% by 2020, expressed on a lower heating value basis. Supercritical technology is already used in a number of countries. In China, more than 18 GW of supercritical units were installed in 2006. There are ultrasupercritical plants in operation in Japan, Denmark and Germany. Ultra-supercritical units operating at temperatures of 700°C and higher are still in the RD&D phase. They will need to use nickel-based super alloys for some components. These are already used in gas turbines, but larger components are needed for steam boilers, piping, valves and turbines, and the operating environment is different. International programmes such as the EC-supported AD700 project and the associated COMTES700 demonstration in Germany, as well as national programmes such as COORETEC in Germany, are seeking to develop the necessary materials and components. Because of fuel savings, the total investment cost for ultra-supercritical steam-cycle plants can be 12% to 15% higher than the cost of a subcritical plant and still be competitive. The balance-of-plant cost is 13% to 16% lower in an ultra-supercritical plant, because of reduced coal handling and reduced flue-gas treatment. The boiler and steam turbine costs can be as much as 40% to 50% higher for an ultra-supercritical plant. Studies in the United States of supercritical coal power plants indicate a relatively low learning rate of 5% for the capital cost. In power plants based on steam cycles, the introduction of coal drying for lignite may improve efficiency by up to 4 percentage points. This technology is expected to be commercial by 2010. The major barriers to advances in supercritical and ultra-supercritical steam cycles concern metallurgical INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

and control problems. Developments in new steels for water and steam boiler tubes and in high-alloy steels that minimise corrosion are expected to result in a dramatic increase in the number of supercritical plants installed over the next few years. New control equipment and strategies will also allow these plants to be more flexible than in the past.

Fluidised bed combustion (FBC) Two parallel paths have so far been pursued in FBC development – bubbling (BFBC) and circulating (CFBC) beds. Another promising option, particularly for CO2 capture, is a circulating fluidised bed (CFB) power plant working with recycled flue gas and oxygen instead of air. In this case, solids are cooled down before their return to the bed. Consequently, the temperature can be controlled more effectively. This could lead to a significant reduction in flue-gas recirculation, thereby reducing both investment and operating costs. There are hundreds of atmospheric CFBC units operating worldwide, including a number of plants as large as 250 MWe to 300 MWe. Fluidised beds are particularly suited to the combustion of low-quality coals and most of the existing CFBC plants burn such materials. Moving to supercritical cycles is a logical step for very large CFBC units. A 460 MWe supercritical unit is under construction at Lagisza, Poland, and is due for start-up at the beginning of 2009. This unit is expected to have a thermal efficiency of 43%. Designs for even larger 600 MWe supercritical CFBC units have also been developed. FBC can also be employed at high pressure, in which case the boiler exhaust gases can be used to generate additional power by expanding them through a gas turbine. Heat is also recovered from the exhaust of the turbine. This approach has been applied in demonstrations at a small number of locations, but is not commercial. The result is a form of combined gas and steam cycle that gives efficiencies of up to around 44%. The first of such units had a capacity of about 80 MW, but two larger units are operating in Karita and Osaki, Japan, the former using supercritical steam. Second-generation pressurised FBC cycles (such as hybrid systems incorporating higher-temperature turbines with supplementary firing of coal-derived gas after the combustor) have been considered in some locations, including Japan, but their development is unlikely.

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART I - I.37

Further work is required to understand the oxyfuel combustion conditions to further clarify the mechanisms involved in pollutant formation and carbonation due to high CO2 concentrations. Design considerations, particularly for supercritical boilers, are also important areas of research. It is also necessary to learn more about fuel flexibility and options for costeffective CO2 sequestration.

IGCC plants. This is aimed at facilitating planning and decision making for power producers. Examples are those from GE-Bechtel and Siemens with ConocoPhillips. With IGCC now offered as a commercial package, new orders could follow as utilities see the cost decreasing and availability improving. Subsidies or incentives may still be necessary to cover the higher cost compared with PCC.

Integrated gasification combined-cycle

IGCC fits well with CCS, and there are CCS projects planned in several countries – including Canada, Australia, Germany and the United Kingdom. Further programmes are being pursued through the United States DOE FutureGen, European Commission initiatives and the GreenGen project in China. Inclusion of CCS will reduce efficiency, but the generation cost may be lower than for CO2 capture on PCC.

Integrated gasification combined-cycle (IGCC) technology (Maurstad, 2005) comprises four basic steps: x Fuel gas is generated from the partial combustion of solid fuels such as coal at pressure in a limited supply of air or oxygen; x Particulates, sulphur and nitrogen compounds are removed; x The clean fuel gas is combusted in a gas turbine generator to produce electricity; x The residual heat in the hot exhaust gas from the gas turbine is recovered in a heat-recovery steam generator – the steam is used to produce additional electricity in a steam turbine generator. IGCC systems are among the cleanest and potentially the most efficient of the coal technologies. Gasification technologies can process all carbonaceous feedstocks, including coal, petroleum coke, residual oil, biomass and municipal solid waste. There are seventeen (totalling 4 000 MWe) IGCC plants operating in the world today – of which five are using coal alone (IEA CCC, 2007). The net efficiency of existing coal-fired IGCC plants is around 40% to 43%. Recent gas turbines would enable this to be improved, and future developments should take efficiencies beyond 50%. The investment cost of IGCC is about 20% higher than that of PCC. There is, however, more uncertainty in IGCC costs, as there are no recently built coal-fuelled IGCC plants and the existing ones were originally constructed as demonstrations. Availabilities have also not yet reached the demonstrated level of operating PCC units. Suppliers have plans to bring capital costs within 10% of that of PCC. IGCC reference plant designs of 600 MWe have been developed by supplier groupings to encourage market uptake by driving down costs and providing turnkey

Major R&D efforts are ongoing in the field of gasification systems, gas turbines and oxygen production. Research is being carried out to improve efficiency and availability and to reduce capital and operating costs. R&D is focusing on hot gas clean-up, development of large-scale gasifiers of 1 200 MWth to 1 500 MWth for a single train configuration (ZEP, 2006), novel air separation technologies, improved coal feeding systems, improved slag and fly-ash removal systems, system optimisation, and the integration of fuel cells.3 Cogeneration of electricity and other products, such as hydrogen or other transport fuels, is also being considered.

CO2 capture and storage (CCS) Energy Technology Perspectives 2008 includes an analysis on CO2 capture and storage which is also discussed in greater detail in the specialised IEA publication CO2 Capture and Storage: A Key Carbon Abatement Option.

Natural gas Power generation efficiency for gas-fired plants is further addressed in Energy Technology Perspectives 2008.

3. Existing technologies for the removal of contaminants from the generated syngas (before it is fed to the turbine) require significant cooling of the gas. Hot gas cleanup would significantly improve efficiency. Warm gas cleanup is also being explored as an option that could provide most of the benefits of hot gas cleanup while avoiding sorbent attrition costs that render hot gas cleanup uneconomic.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.38 - COAL INFORMATION (2008 Edition) PART I

REFERENCES Loyd, S. (2007), “New Thermal Power Plant Technologies: Technology Choices for New Projects – CCGT, IGCC, Supercritical Coal, Oxyfuel Combustion, CFB, etc.”, paper presented at the 2nd Coaltrans Conference on Clean Coal & Carbon Capture: Securing the Future, London, September 2007. Paterson, I. R. and J. D. Wilson (2002), “Use of Damage Monitoring Systems for Component Life Optimisation in Power Plant”, International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, Vol. 79, No. 8, pp. 541-547.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Maurstad, O. (2005), An Overview of Coal-Based Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Technology, Sept 2005, MIT, Cambridge, Mass, http://sequestration.mit.edu/pdf/LFEE_2005-002_WP.pdf. IEA CCC (IEA Clean Coal Centre) (2008), “Research and Development Needs for Clean Coal Deployment”, report no. CCC/130, IEA Clean Coal Centre, London. ZEP (The European Technology Platform for Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants) (2006), “Strategic Research Agenda”, www.zero-emissionplatform.eu/ website/library.

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.1

PART II WORLD COAL OVERVIEW

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.3

1. PRODUCTION

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.5

Table 1.1: World hard coal production (1) (thousand tonnes)

Australia

(2)

Austria Belgium(2) Canada Czech Republic(3) France Germany Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea Mexico(2) Netherlands New Zealand(2) Norway Poland Portugal(2) Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States(2) IEA Total OECD Total Algeria Botswana Dem. Rep. of Congo Egypt Morocco Mozambique Nigeria South Africa United Rep. of Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Other Africa Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Peru Venezuela

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

55483 10362 12337 27780 26350 104407 1186 64 25090 13571 2578 1829 2325 415 156630 221 9991 12 4642 131985 530064 1114744 1117322 333 130 565 394 327 62352 940 2806 160 451 1015 1374 2834 33 50

71610 8018 20173 27721 20190 94492 883 60 18027 18625 3089 1930 288 193121 177 12838 18 3598 130097 710178 1332044 1335133 3 138 680 207 176 115120 1 570 2768 196 390 1748 1125 4164 41 42

122346 7666 34310 26401 17055 88849 592 57 16381 22543 5193 101 2279 507 191642 237 16091 13 3605 94111 735935 1380721 1385914 23 437 121 775 35 140 173500 15 511 3104 317 400 1661 1291 8766 127 40

158572 2357 37673 14383 11199 76553 169 25 58 7979 17217 6933 2424 303 147736 281 14612 11 2745 92762 853647 1440706 1447639 794 126 526 40 90 174800 4 377 5345 332 276 637 2183 21375 97 2189

191055 1 637 38621 10824 8495 58858 1 6317 5720 9320 3214 292 137166 13497 2248 53037 858627 1388610 1397930 898 93 650 38 20 206211 44 152 4693 344 305 240 1038 25651 51 4064

239429 375 33805 8136 3804 37376 2964 4150 11344 3643 632 103331 11317 2392 31198 893972 1376524 1387868 948 96 58 31 16 3 224200 79 194 4260 585 259 159 366 38242 17 7885

285854 181 29262 7316 872 29151 98 3191 9882 4916 2904 101230 8911 1946 25096 943343 1444271 1454153 897 108 33 24 17 3 242821 65 233 3415 714 51 341 233 54184 22 6748

300190 109 29086 7136 617 28018 95 2832 10755 5021 1471 97904 8548 2170 20498 962440 1466135 1476890 967 120 25 12 3 8 244986 75 245 3621 678 25 528 544 59064 43 7195

299715 29 29900 7748 452 23762 21 2824 11487 5516 2395 95223 8353 2319 18517 991473 1488247 1499734 1000 124 25 4 41 8 244774 80 260 3447 682 141 219 674 65596 107 7338

323770 32811 7674 380 24185 158 2886 12514 4574 3995 88312 7873 2462 17007 981690 1497777 1510291 1038 128 25 24 8 247666 85 276 3237 715 110 228 243 69902 112 7647

325406 33198 7512 277 19143 120 2773 11478 4655 3282 84332 7304 2631 16510 1006560 1513703 1525181 1036 116 24 25 8 235750 68 168 3748 968 164 664 424 78612 128 8792

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.6 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II

Table 1.1: World hard coal production (1) (continued) (thousand tonnes)

India Indonesia DPR of Korea Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Philippines Chinese Taipei Thailand Vietnam Other Asia PR of China Bulgaria Romania Croatia Serbia Former Yugoslavia Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Russia Tajikistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Former USSR Islam. Rep. of Iran

1973 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006 76588 111000 150468 211184 268280 311428 380072 404461 428247 149 304 1852 6814 35547 62784 118248 143601 195789 23198 34106 40000 35693 23700 22500 24371 26864 27161 100 121 346 344 802 1062 480 595 1290 70 96 105 357 10 11 43 40 12 468 839 993 1019 6 17 9 9 9 1143 1569 2238 2745 3638 3095 4587 4871 3643 39 325 1261 1226 1287 1351 2477 2877 2353 3327 2574 1858 472 235 83 5 2990 5200 5594 4638 8350 11609 25500 32396 38910 117 511 151 108 74 277 354 418 436 417000 620150 837272 1050734 1343004 1231232 1955986 2158908 2320207 351 267 223 143 194 118 33 9 27 7172 8060 8657 4446 359 281 x x x 156 75 x x x 137 55 88 72 576 388 400 x x x x x x x x x 1103 34 7 8 5 9 x x x 128000 80754 74886 83065 82788 92010 x x x 1495 183 104 49 49 45 x x x 237514 162411 152538 189758 209213 210418 x x x 475 14 9 78 84 90 x x x 143483 74002 61601 59129 60007 61439 x x x 200 74 69 510600 553000 569000 x x x x x x 903 925 1106 835 1084 1246 1220 1330 1529

2007 454356 230248 23861 1075 301 1075 9 4124 3398 42546 494 2466428 215 x 14 93538 37 217878 150 58739 x 1634

2008e 489476 246159 28552 1064 1104 992 12 3425 2356 39940 2032 2761391 193 x 12 104417 182 247082 84 59348 x 1560

Non OECD Total 1117927 1465759 1811866 2041527 2249280 2213605 3156204 3447929 3709280 3931564 4320076 World 2235249 2800892 3197780 3489166 3647210 3601473 4610357 4924819 5209014 5441855 5845257 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries (1) Hard coal represents higher grade coal and includes coking coal, anthracite and bituminous coal. (1) For further information, see Principles and Definitions . (2) Includes sub-bituminous coal. (3) In the 2008 edition, the Czech Administration changed the classification between bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal (3) and lignite for 1990 onwards.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.7

Table 1.2: World coking coal production (thousand tonnes)

1978

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Australia Belgium Canada Czech Republic France Germany Hungary Japan Mexico New Zealand Norway Poland Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States IEA Total OECD Total Algeria South Africa United Rep. of Tanzania Zimbabwe Brazil Colombia India Indonesia DPR of Korea Mongolia Chinese Taipei Other Asia PR of China Romania Georgia Kazakhstan Russia Tajikistan Ukraine

37668 40086 54835 64631 79375 3805 4036 3484 13780 14151 24371 27660 28624 18553 17403 16465 14383 10824 4664 4114 3388 1821 439 52239 56036 51401 44577 31686 861 883 592 169 8659 6943 3921 3085 3089 3713 2963 1645 11 173 319 578 1553 227 160 174 40845 31495 31143 28793 28714 1800 1333 907 279 2964 2435 2247 1824 929 15110 10050 2608 1600 599 92201 117716 89463 93259 77166 293387 307014 285318 279574 259909 296472 310103 289031 282537 261554 3 23 9718 10605 11142 9308 10165 1 1 946 991 269 612 621 1317 1545 1407 499 106 705 716 745 775 681 13938 18055 25847 36088 28803 103 286 1767 3415 3836 2500 2543 107 3 52604 68222 68370 85657 148015 2134 1828 3825 1482 349 x x x 574 x x x 29983 12756 x x x 85458 55645 x x x 7 x x x 62283 25783

103750 28164 8136 18862 2214 1644 17222 735 255 54287 233055 235269 3204 813 15 587 22088 4114 123969 13 10687 51035 27844

116932 25509 7316 16635 1735 2468 16525 664 352 44222 230623 232358 1247 651 214 525 22422 9231 225697 11018 61143 26179

128310 26613 7136 15171 1792 2446 14071 648 274 46444 241113 242905 1640 690 210 514 23584 10702 280648 10981 55505 23166

123989 26000 7748 13113 1914 2766 14573 631 266 44599 233685 235599 1584 657 136 517 23747 24484 228 338972 12204 54027 23051

141845 27988 7674 13753 2058 1923 13636 684 266 47307 255076 257134 1608 617 144 522 25581 29264 153 379135 12407 57441 21534

140108 27942 7512 10554 1889 2353 12024 1615 307 57367 259782 261671 1531 714 419 1348 27586 31286 634 29 427437 13850 65140 21757

Former USSR Islam. Rep. of Iran

139250 143534 134985 678 842 1006

x 910

x 810

x 930

x 1025

x 1039

x 992

Non OECD Total

224705 250177 250329 316312 285613 245279 359137 408570 480632 529445 592723

x 760

x 914

World 521177 560280 539360 598849 547167 480548 591495 651475 716231 786579 854394 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.8 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II

Table 1.3: World steam coal production (1) (thousand tonnes)

Australia

(2)

Austria Belgium(2) Canada Czech Republic(3) France Germany Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea Mexico(2) Netherlands New Zealand(2) Norway Poland Portugal(2) Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States(2) IEA Total OECD Total Algeria Botswana Dem. Rep. of Congo Egypt Morocco Mozambique Nigeria South Africa United Rep. of Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Other Africa Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Peru Venezuela

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

55483 10362 12337 27780 26350 104407 1186 64 25090 13571 2578 1829 2325 415 156630 221 9991 12 4642 131985 530064 1114744 1117322 333 130 565 394 327 62352 940 2806 160 451 1015 1374 2834 33 50

31524 3982 6022 10318 16076 38456 60 11084 18625 1757 128 161626 177 11505 18 1163 120047 592462 1025030 1025030 138 680 207 176 104515 1 570 1777 196 390 203 1125 3448 41 42

67511 4182 9939 9936 13667 37448 57 12460 22543 1480 101 1960 333 160499 237 15184 13 1358 91503 646472 1095403 1096883 437 121 775 35 140 162358 15 511 2835 317 400 254 1291 8021 127 40

93941 2357 10013 9378 31976 25 58 7979 17217 3970 1846 303 118943 281 14333 11 921 91162 760388 1161132 1165102 794 126 526 40 90 165492 3 377 4733 332 276 138 2183 20600 97 2189

111680 1 637 9997 8056 27172 1 6317 5720 7675 1661 292 108452 13497 1319 52438 781461 1128701 1136376 898 93 650 38 20 196046 43 152 4072 344 305 134 1038 24970 51 4064

135679 375 5641 3804 18514 2964 4150 9130 1999 632 86109 11317 1657 30943 839685 1143469 1152599 948 96 58 31 16 3 220996 79 194 3447 585 259 144 366 37655 17 7885

168922 181 3753 872 12516 98 3191 8147 2448 2904 84705 8911 1282 24744 899121 1213648 1221795 897 108 33 24 17 3 241574 65 233 2764 714 51 127 233 53659 22 6748

171880 109 2473 617 12847 95 2832 8963 2575 1471 83833 8548 1522 20224 915996 1225022 1233985 967 120 25 12 3 8 243346 75 245 2931 678 25 318 544 58550 43 7195

175726 29 3900 452 10649 21 2824 9573 2750 2395 80650 8353 1688 18251 946874 1254562 1264135 1000 124 25 4 41 8 243190 80 260 2790 682 141 83 674 65079 107 7338

181925 4823 380 10432 158 2886 10456 2651 3995 74676 7873 1778 16741 934383 1242701 1253157 1038 128 25 24 8 246058 85 276 2620 715 110 84 243 69380 112 7647

185298 5256 277 8589 120 2773 9589 2302 3282 72308 7304 1016 16203 949193 1253921 1263510 1036 116 24 25 8 234219 68 168 3034 968 164 245 424 77264 128 8792

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.9

Table 1.3: World steam coal production (1) (continued) (thousand tonnes)

India Indonesia DPR of Korea Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Philippines Chinese Taipei Thailand Vietnam Other Asia PR of China Bulgaria Romania Croatia Serbia Former Yugoslavia Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Russia Tajikistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Former USSR Islam. Rep. of Iran

1973 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 76588 92945 124621 175096 239477 289340 149 304 1749 6528 33780 58670 23198 30270 37500 33150 23700 22500 100 121 346 480 595 1290 70 10 11 43 40 12 468 6 17 1143 1569 2238 2745 3638 3095 39 325 1261 1226 1287 1351 3327 2574 1751 469 235 83 5 2990 5200 5594 4638 8350 11609 117 511 151 108 74 277 417000 551928 768902 965077 1194989 1107263 351 267 223 143 194 118 7172 6232 4832 2964 10 268 x x x 156 75 x x x 137 55 88 576 388 400 x x x x x x 529 34 7 x x x 98017 67998 64199 x x x 1495 183 104 x x x 152056 106766 101503 x x x 475 7 9 x x x 81200 48219 33757 x x x 200 74 69 510600 409466 434015 x x x 903 83 100 75 170 336

2004 357650 109017 24371 344 96 839 9 4587 2477 25500 354 1730289 33 72 x 8 72047 49 128615 78 32950 x 410

2005 380877 132899 26864 802 105 993 9 4871 2877 32396 418 1878260 9 x 5 71807 49 153708 84 36841 x 400

2006 404500 171305 27161 1062 129 1019 9 3643 2353 38910 436 1981235 27 x 9 79806 45 156391 90 38388 x 504

2007 428775 200984 23861 1075 148 1075 9 4124 3398 42546 494 2087293 215 x 14 81131 37 160437 150 37205 x 595

2008e 461890 214873 28552 1064 470 992 12 3425 2356 39940 2003 2333954 193 x 12 90567 182 181942 84 37591 x 568

Non OECD Total 1117927 1215582 1561537 1725215 1963667 1968326 2797067 3039359 3228648 3402119 3727353 World 2235249 2240612 2658420 2890317 3100043 3120925 4018862 4273344 4492783 4655276 4990863 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries (1) Steam coal is also commonly known as thermal coal. It includes anthracite and bituminous coal. (1) For further information, see Principles and Definitions . (2) Includes sub-bituminous coal. (3) In the 2008 edition, the Czech Administration changed the classification between bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal (3) and lignite for 1990 onwards.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.10 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II

Table 1.4: World brown coal production (1) (thousand tonnes)

1973

1980

1985

United States IEA Total OECD Total Brazil Chile India Indonesia DPR of Korea Mongolia Myanmar Philippines Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Albania Bulgaria Romania Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia F.Y.R. of Macedonia Serbia Slovenia Former Yugoslavia Estonia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Russia Tajikistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Former USSR Israel

24121 3328 8135 75965 2764 366409 13301 25925 1190 100 143 39215 5804 3003 7754 12948 590105 590105 1324 61 3320 7000 361 2206 811 26459 17679 x x x x x 31874 x x x x x x x 157000 -

32894 2865 16515 89086 2560 389726 23198 25142 1286 27 208 36866 5796 15454 15027 42783 699433 699433 3494 40 5110 10000 27 1525 3985 1420 29946 27104 x x x x x 40913 x x x x x x x 163000 -

38380 3081 26543 94636 1839 434037 35888 23500 1892 247 57746 5731 23572 36392 65701 849185 849185 6051 35 8040 148 12000 6043 43 4 5188 2150 30657 37924 x x x x x 68072 x x x x x x x 157000 -

Non OECD Total

248095 286564 333355 375130 293815 292687 305571 307139 318286 329574 334078

Australia Austria Canada(2) Czech Republic(2) France Germany Greece Hungary(2) Italy Japan New Zealand Poland Slovak Republic Spain(2) Turkey(2)

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

45990 50752 67293 66343 67152 67737 65613 72400 2448 1297 1249 235 30659 36360 35358 36735 36259 36104 35635 34908 87015 64077 57026 56760 54890 55164 54952 52676 2333 1401 296 357468 192756 167691 181926 177907 176321 180409 175313 51896 57662 63887 70041 69398 64787 66308 65720 17332 14772 14033 11242 9570 9952 9818 9404 956 172 14 161 231 213 239 246 251 260 253 67584 63547 59484 61198 61636 60844 57538 59570 4766 3759 3648 2952 2511 2201 2111 2423 21070 14808 12154 11576 10933 10094 9309 2896 44683 52825 60876 44431 56170 61936 72902 73124 79914 78471 77619 75786 76151 76429 71291 68659 814275 632890 620841 619464 622823 621820 626146 617346 814275 632890 620841 619464 622823 621820 626146 617346 3958 4959 6553 5065 5727 5669 5743 5817 14074 22146 24247 30411 30228 31285 33980 32242 3672 5598 13820 24335 27110 30735 34516 38000 10660 7600 7243 7340 7746 7946 6478 8956 6562 3729 5115 6769 7412 7945 9090 9012 38 23 112 213 367 393 414 328 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 12421 18416 17708 20060 20878 19001 18239 17568 1802 1802 2071 80 30 109 92 92 92 116 31532 30636 26314 26452 24686 25651 28418 28744 33737 40762 29004 31792 31106 34923 35780 34734 19670 1640 7439 8884 9119 10137 10579 9540 18 7 6644 7249 7516 7245 6881 6639 6509 5040 45800 40540 37006 41085 35100 36780 37148 37447 5583 4884 4480 4809 4540 4522 4535 4519 x x x x x x x x 22486 12433 11727 13993 14591 14095 16544 16193 3443 3740 2558 3810 3798 4221 4291 4271 2140 280 321 397 286 276 358 364 134385 83317 87786 69186 73668 74148 71143 76044 450 27 13 15 15 15 15 12 9280 2296 802 460 354 232 186 289 6200 2980 2500 2699 3003 3126 3282 2400 x x x x x x x x 303 470 390 439 429 452 429 640

World 838200 985997 1182540 1189405 926705 913528 925035 929962 940106 955720 951424 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries (1) Brown coal represents lower grade coal and includes lignite. For further information, see Principles and Definitions . (2) Includes sub-bituminous coal. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.11

Table 1.5: OECD production of coke oven coke (1) (thousand tonnes)

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States IEA Europe OECD Europe IEA North America OECD North America OECD Pacific

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

4983 1719 7774 5370 9383 11881 41614 400 1082 7665 52300 318 2021 2655 20 282 16938 269 1500 4475 533 1251 17776 62803

4991 1729 6048 5250 8725 11120 35492 247 975 8264 47463 2965 2447 2455 13 349 19598 216 1598 3900 1188 1937 10060 41850

3603 1751 5964 4684 8328 8691 30171 607 7410 48621 5253 2924 2958 5 313 15828 275 1909 3440 1203 2711 9276 25992

4495 1725 5420 3708 7125 487 7197 21926 672 6356 51118 8800 2384 2736 13516 230 2340 3211 1084 3158 8350 25053

4617 1448 3696 3283 4963 920 5566 11102 1033 5185 44778 10593 2148 2895 11578 331 1861 2438 1149 3131 6274 21545

3739 1385 3104 3242 3411 910 5234 9115 937 4504 41220 12288 2100 2127 8972 371 1706 2470 1146 2925 6206 18876

3801 1400 2965 3340 3548 904 4542 8479 664 4062 41707 10667 1971 2205 10097 1883 2839 1372 2990 4335 15340

3808 1388 2856 3305 3412 894 4445 8397 614 4574 42645 8935 2002 2238 8404 1846 2662 1411 2992 4364 15168

3634 1398 2895 3199 3428 870 4689 8372 921 4688 43733 9888 2048 2162 9613 1856 2839 1188 3213 4629 14881

3634 1424 2607 3098 3258 865 4848 8441 1017 4727 44437 9926 2058 2163 10168 1748 2742 1194 3335 4477 14697

2457 1410 2309 3039 3399 860 4488 8242 999 4486 42529 10857 2074 2086 9501 1735 2675 1176 3893 4359 14194

127197 113901 100835 127197 113901 100835 68173 47100 30676 70194 49547 33600 57621 55432 57482

85533 85533 28761 31145 64413

63570 63570 24828 26976 59988

54523 54523 22118 24218 57247

52285 52285 18680 20651 56175

50497 50497 18473 20475 55388

52761 52761 18080 20128 57255

53014 53014 17795 19853 57997

51618 51618 17233 19307 55843

IEA Total 252991 216433 188993 178707 148386 133888 127140 124358 128096 128806 124694 OECD Total 255012 218880 191917 181091 150534 135988 129111 126360 130144 130864 126768 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries (1) Solid product obtained from carbonization of coal, principally coking coal, used mainly in the iron and steel industry. (1) Also includes coke and semi-coke made from lignite. (1) For further information, see Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.13

2. CONSUMPTION

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.15

Table 2.1: World hard coal consumption (1) (thousand tonnes)

1973 Australia

(2)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States(2)

27292 34422 39980 49299 51739 60830 64909 72858 73591 72750 73217 2856 2871 3178 4159 3392 3724 4328 4054 4247 4200 3485 17169 17004 15576 16153 12394 11046 8382 7551 7183 6518 5783 17556 21361 21522 18886 15900 22503 18806 20451 21240 23258 12767 27780 23937 22030 9941 6648 4972 4576 4370 4387 4141 5593 3146 9669 11935 9992 11003 6641 7327 6293 9172 7908 7076 3035 5692 5318 5648 6540 5193 8082 4598 7612 7075 5027 40289 48080 36507 28791 22611 21801 20553 21142 19071 20190 19123 105801 96385 93466 86965 74224 68963 67922 63952 65538 70097 65530 651 545 1750 1380 1480 1121 776 563 463 710 403 2137 1695 1043 971 1402 1280 1299 1341 1851 1965 1913 1 12 69 65 65 101 104 117 108 138 109 822 1066 1586 3198 2689 2944 2806 2870 2588 2377 2202 11603 17024 21894 21327 17446 18013 24280 24240 24798 25118 25477 81690 87699 109391 114960 133564 153190 180802 176974 179098 186983 185568 16329 27790 42505 44776 44634 66548 79954 82272 84709 92044 104830 305 346 199 197 217 171 129 111 153 109 74 2894 3973 5317 6881 10243 12290 14083 17556 17459 17482 13662 4794 5973 10276 14032 14660 12928 13551 13009 12648 13445 12796 2317 1768 1810 2002 1938 1779 3490 3935 3909 2796 3251 772 951 1118 749 1018 1035 914 795 637 678 721 122097 163778 156570 120231 107823 83371 83915 80438 86130 85336 82995 805 604 1050 4397 5708 6154 5514 5476 5467 4742 4156 5834 5373 5809 5879 5330 4656 5151 4983 5148 5021 4799 13260 16531 25198 26047 27488 32804 33981 32948 29395 33090 24276 1060 2138 4158 3709 3444 2861 3329 3070 3235 3192 2849 258 315 640 481 245 178 191 197 166 173 162 4595 4630 6189 8146 8548 15526 18904 19421 22798 25350 22120 133527 123610 105980 106722 75916 59868 60568 61779 67341 62865 57001 492567 608038 682608 736926 782788 892126 934614 953585 941276 955157 957101

IEA Europe OECD Europe IEA North America OECD North America OECD/IEA Pacific

502596 502597 510123 513017 127628

Austria Belgium(2) Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea(2) Luxembourg Mexico(2) Netherlands New Zealand(2) Norway Poland Portugal(2)

IEA total OECD total

548217 548229 629399 633372 151679

531470 531539 704130 709447 193686

479115 479180 755812 762693 211037

410226 410291 798688 808931 231875

365250 365351 914629 926919 282347

376478 376582 953420 967503 329155

363201 363318 974036 991592 336039

380028 380136 962516 979975 341307

384300 384438 978415 995897 354573

353561 353670 969868 983530 366866

1140347 1329295 1429286 1445964 1440789 1562226 1659053 1673276 1683851 1717288 1690295 1143242 1333280 1434672 1452910 1451097 1574617 1673240 1690949 1701418 1734908 1704066

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.16 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II

Table 2.1: World hard coal consumption (1) (continued) (thousand tonnes)

1973 Algeria Botswana Dem. Rep. of Congo Egypt Kenya Morocco Mozambique Namibia Nigeria Senegal South Africa United Rep. of Tanzania Tunisia Zambia Zimbabwe Other Africa Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Nicaragua Panama Peru Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela Other Latin America Bangladesh Cambodia Hong Kong (China) India Indonesia DPR of Korea Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Philippines Sri Lanka Chinese Taipei Thailand

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

63 93 1226 1005 632 689 988 898 948 938 1016 466 815 912 1041 899 969 1031 1099 1036 170 167 156 169 136 134 154 164 172 183 116 477 894 1192 1340 1540 1820 1850 1777 1713 1708 1627 70 16 90 151 96 66 108 89 120 110 130 582 635 1110 1774 2665 4018 4656 4938 4926 5019 5218 587 288 106 58 56 9 16 3 1 20 64 77 3 289 151 94 55 20 3 3 8 8 8 8 127 152 167 183 195 60408 86961 125870 124900 147205 157135 178995 175403 177880 183591 175928 1 15 4 44 79 65 75 80 85 68 33 21 21 15 941 618 471 375 148 128 153 161 171 182 168 2758 2614 3026 5355 4494 4297 3452 3698 3521 3306 3748 222 278 379 454 444 702 803 752 894 937 2234 1072 1425 1247 1367 1439 1058 937 1383 1454 1573 1820 2842 6354 9870 10650 12080 13457 14594 14270 13764 15068 18263 1711 1678 1792 3720 3391 4590 4604 4571 5726 5721 6530 2859 4135 4630 4825 5608 4231 3635 4173 3815 3697 4730 1 1 1 1 2 2 21 128 45 90 126 153 63 15 12 12 22 14 20 224 17 80 93 777 476 704 728 697 4 22 215 461 588 616 660 537 61 12 135 174 183 190 201 205 52 55 72 93 60 32 36 97 30 13 32 32 51 60 1 86 74 107 149 389 708 1065 1075 850 1180 981 7 32 4 1 1 1 1 2 2 53 42 42 355 7 181 52 52 62 2413 1516 243 235 98 563 642 660 700 700 700 700 700 39 12 3 5523 8928 9109 6058 10691 10824 11403 12261 13499 73410 108622 154347 211533 278553 338729 411237 430693 459760 500092 547849 129 237 771 1943 4746 5600 13287 15445 23717 33902 43580 23580 34456 42200 37793 24340 22241 22966 24235 24860 20267 26156 13 76 517 1936 2303 3298 10682 12728 13147 16519 16984 480 595 1290 70 96 105 357 301 37 74 221 223 80 15 38 128 145 155 163 846 78 83 17 81 129 430 257 410 425 439 412 1270 1667 2954 4245 4723 4045 7894 7714 7894 10111 10963 40 303 2416 2570 2998 8597 9451 9906 10070 11127 12570 1 8 5 25 93 70 68 91 3572 5956 11085 17230 26167 42055 53186 54711 56783 59358 66133 1 94 212 250 2315 3684 7472 8479 11104 14051 13175

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.17

Table 2.1: World hard coal consumption (1) (continued) (thousand tonnes)

1973 Vietnam Other Asia PR of China Albania Bulgaria Cyprus Malta Romania Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia F.Y.R. of Macedonia Serbia Slovenia Former Yugoslavia Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Estonia Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Republic of Moldova Russia Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Former USSR Islam. Rep. of Iran Israel Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syria United Arab Emirates Non OECD Total

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

2770 4052 4990 3951 5917 7808 14900 14510 16152 16623 19903 220 657 345 303 221 564 668 662 685 776 1616 414180 626010 803907 1050951 1316890 1214956 1886367 2098830 2305093 2454333 2759637 89 160 220 302 6136 6999 8277 6046 3443 3379 4265 4361 4259 4916 5072 74 97 97 49 57 52 54 49 1621 192 300 52 8490 12009 14705 9351 5065 2649 3025 3041 2796 2950 3786 x x x 299 592 633 676 677 x x x 1150 143 623 1106 1057 987 1081 2233 x x x 129 142 67 9 3 57 12 172 x x x 137 55 218 202 67 62 93 5 x x x 32 20 11 45 49 46 66 501 2540 3790 5089 x x x x x x x x x x x 552 3 1 3 x x x 200 6 x x x 2389 1125 504 234 168 132 83 75 x x x 382 85 87 58 56 70 130 118 x x x 1323 44 27 14 18 16 48 12 x x x 85806 61195 47000 58465 58561 65401 65302 77421 x x x 4014 505 830 1000 887 817 839 877 x x x 917 252 97 98 120 130 162 343 x x x 1303 372 130 263 284 396 379 374 x x x 4510 1315 181 186 167 194 131 135 x x x 240033 163266 142222 144978 141438 145771 142034 171571 x x x 1044 14 16 85 90 96 158 186 x x x 670 x x x 139440 86898 65887 64464 63614 68237 68196 65351 x x x 2740 81 69 490220 529110 543430 x x x x x x x x 948 1783 1444 1061 1546 1879 1560 1810 1939 1973 1770 2927 3720 6568 10591 12875 12124 12991 13294 13072 1 1 180 200 200 200 200 200 216 2 1 1 767 1103331 1443087 1758798 2008412 2194406 2130480 2962102 3194899 3466584 3680264 4110021

World 2246573 2776367 3193470 3461322 3645503 3705097 4635342 4885848 5168002 5415172 5814087 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries (1) Hard coal represents higher grade coal and includes coking coal, anthracite and bituminous coal. (1) For further information, see Principles and Definitions . (2) Includes sub-bituminous coal.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.18 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II

Table 2.2: World coking coal consumption (thousand tonnes)

1978

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008E

7216 2006 7524 6776 12567 12980 41881 213 1740 9909 58724 2009 4053 2953 414 25847 423 2180 4863 1227 3429 14988 68885

7049 2371 8010 7321 12166 7 14570 50293 384 1695 11237 70203 3987 3973 3521 8 432 25272 363 2336 5407 1654 3407 11628 61457

5476 2391 8086 6483 11365 6 11332 47825 1043 20 7 10165 73456 6959 3837 4061 6 394 17745 370 2790 4908 1620 4825 11122 37246

5932 2337 7157 5023 9941 711 9669 42216 971 13 14 8633 64934 11735 2911 4391 219 18127 313 3136 4456 1515 5335 10517 35269

5874 1908 4737 4417 6648 1650 7739 33993 1402 7 6966 59796 16305 1875 4894 17405 455 2745 3312 1646 4658 8487 29934

4799 1877 4045 4461 4972 1284 6543 24462 1280 14 6658 57081 19415 932 4047 13332 497 2597 3556 1772 7042 8853 25963

5132 1904 3627 4591 4526 1364 6753 23667 861 18 5083 60884 21027 1079 4617 13684 2852 3902 1790 5312 6482 21462

5354 1899 3263 4289 4334 1401 6222 22193 808 14 5630 56530 20883 676 4699 11157 2738 3463 1847 5585 6569 20893

4678 1892 3753 4550 4334 1073 5978 21690 1301 19 6089 57672 20734 841 4391 12977 2850 3556 2217 5929 7044 20902

4710 1901 3448 5429 4099 1418 5317 23000 1460 30 6197 58199 21736 1019 4703 13642 2854 3667 1998 5816 7170 20524

3184 1863 2737 4585 5560 1235 7218 20207 1433 50 6249 57367 23835 975 4501 12878 2616 3446 2109 6161 6808 19989

IEA Europe OECD Europe IEA North America OECD North America OECD Pacific

145144 154753 140055 129439 108645 145144 154753 140075 129452 108652 75661 68778 43729 40292 34351 79714 72751 47566 43203 36226 67949 81247 85897 82820 81975

92817 92831 30424 31356 81295

86424 86442 26053 27132 87043

81808 81822 25182 25858 82767

85074 85093 25452 26293 83084

86690 86720 25953 26972 84645

85021 85071 24574 25549 84386

IEA Total OECD Total

288754 304778 269681 252551 224971 204536 199520 189757 193610 197288 193981 292807 308751 273538 255475 226853 205482 200617 190447 194470 198337 195006

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.19

Table 2.2: World coking coal consumption (continued) (thousand tonnes)

Algeria Egypt Morocco South Africa United Rep. of Tanzania Zimbabwe Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Guatemala Jamaica Nicaragua Peru India Indonesia DPR of Korea Mongolia Pakistan Philippines Chinese Taipei Thailand PR of China Albania Bulgaria Cyprus Romania Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia F.Y.R. of Macedonia Slovenia Former Yugoslavia Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Republic of Moldova Russia Tajikistan Ukraine Former USSR Islam. Rep. of Iran Israel Non OECD Total

1978

1980

1985

50 975 7018 946 990 4869 385 705 40 15757 3857 16 1386 52304 25 1921 5734 x x x x 1447 x x x x x x x x

93 894 7158 991 801 6154 454 716 49 15441 4286 98 1513 66822 25 1926 5228 x x x x 3402 x x x x x x x x

1226 1192 6000 269 826 9602 427 745 50 28149 5000 716 2562 62873 33 1553 7825 x x x x 4689 x x x x x x x x

129250 131534 123985

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008E

1005 632 689 988 898 948 938 885 1339 1540 1820 1850 1777 1713 1708 1582 76 5675 4220 2569 2011 2975 2765 2589 2989 1 1 612 621 813 651 690 657 617 714 1121 589 558 726 789 987 961 995 10489 11094 9936 10003 9742 9379 10376 11656 492 715 714 706 703 700 694 712 775 681 587 525 514 517 522 1030 65 180 188 212 96 52 55 72 93 60 32 36 73 30 37 51 44 18 39491 39409 35852 38298 39041 41083 46010 56146 1711 5143 1040 101 166 175 180 147 228 228 153 1102 1085 950 1272 565 311 466 788 779 4150 4208 5236 5082 4919 4810 4600 5884 74 80968 140670 119979 225294 282365 339626 381149 433054 62 1854 1693 1325 1174 1051 947 751 419 39 5082 5047 2257 2954 2963 2738 2883 2412 299 592 633 676 675 747 1283 117 70 67 1 137 x x x x x x x x 686 6 29983 10853 10294 10738 10699 11874 12108 13864 3 175 2 1 53885 50669 43938 49197 44991 44622 46529 49639 7 2 2 2 2 2 2 54508 31642 30581 32266 29821 30311 30296 29095 x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

1107

1700

1344

986

1388

1605

1270

1450

1489

1395

1201

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

304

228782 249285 259066 300363 307986 269989 385586 436962 496742 545819 618812

World 521589 558036 532604 555838 534839 475471 586203 627409 691212 744156 813818 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.20 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II

Table 2.3: World steam coal consumption (1) (thousand tonnes)

1973 Australia

(2)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States(2)

27292 27373 34504 43367 45865 56031 59777 67504 68913 68040 70033 2856 500 787 1822 1484 1847 2424 2155 2355 2299 1622 17169 8994 7490 8996 7657 7001 4755 4288 3430 3070 3046 17556 14040 15039 13863 11483 18042 14215 16162 16690 17829 8182 27780 11771 10665 50 36 53 42 33 3146 9662 11929 9992 11003 6641 7327 6293 9172 7908 7076 3035 5692 5318 4937 4890 3909 6718 3197 6539 5657 3792 40289 33510 25175 19122 14872 15258 13800 14920 13093 14873 11905 105801 46092 45641 44749 40231 44501 44255 41759 43848 47097 45323 651 161 1750 1380 1480 1121 776 563 463 710 403 2137 438 533 550 505 480 1 12 49 52 58 87 86 103 89 108 59 822 1066 1579 3184 2689 2944 2806 2870 2588 2377 2202 11603 5787 11729 12694 10480 11355 19197 18610 18709 18921 19228 81690 17496 35935 50026 73768 96109 119918 120444 121426 128784 128201 16329 23803 35546 33041 28329 47133 58927 61389 63975 70308 80995 305 346 199 197 217 171 129 111 153 109 74 2894 1480 3970 8368 11358 13004 16880 16618 16463 12687 4794 2452 6215 9641 9766 8881 8934 8310 8257 8742 8295 2317 1760 1804 1783 1938 1779 3490 3935 3909 2796 3251 772 519 724 749 1018 1035 914 795 637 678 721 122097 138506 138825 102104 90418 70039 70231 69281 73153 71694 70117 805 241 680 4084 5253 5657 5514 5476 5467 4742 4156 5834 3037 3019 2743 2585 2059 2299 2245 2298 2167 2183 13260 11124 20290 21591 24176 29248 30079 29485 25839 29423 20830 1060 484 2538 2194 1798 1089 1539 1223 1018 1194 740 258 315 640 481 245 178 191 197 166 173 162 4595 1223 1364 2811 3890 8484 13592 13836 16869 19534 15959 133527 111982 94858 96205 67429 51015 54086 55210 60297 55695 50193 492567 546581 645362 701657 752854 866163 913152 932692 920374 934633 937112

IEA Europe OECD Europe IEA North America OECD North America OECD/IEA Pacific

502596 502597 510123 513017 127628

Austria Belgium(2) Canada Czech Republic(3) Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico(2) Netherlands New Zealand(2) Norway Poland Portugal(2)

IEA Total OECD Total

393464 393476 560621 560621 70432

391415 391464 660401 661881 107789

349676 349728 715520 719490 128217

301581 301639 764337 772705 149900

272433 272520 884205 895563 201052

290054 290140 927367 940371 242112

281393 281496 948854 965734 253272

294954 295043 937064 953682 258223

297610 297718 952462 968925 269928

268540 268599 945294 957981 282480

1140347 1024517 1159605 1193413 1215818 1357690 1459533 1483519 1490241 1520000 1496314 1143242 1024529 1161134 1197435 1224244 1369135 1472623 1500502 1506948 1536571 1509060

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.21

Table 2.3: World steam coal consumption (1) (continued) (thousand tonnes)

1973 Algeria Botswana Dem. Rep. of Congo Egypt Kenya Morocco Mozambique Namibia Nigeria Senegal South Africa United Rep. of Tanzania Tunisia Zambia Zimbabwe Other Africa Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Nicaragua Panama Peru Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela Other Latin America Bangladesh Cambodia Hong Kong (China) India Indonesia DPR of Korea Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Philippines Sri Lanka Chinese Taipei Thailand

63 170 477 70 582 587 289 60408 33 941 2758 222 1072 2842 1711 2859 1 45 13 86 32 53 243 12 73410 129 23580 13 74 78 1270 40 3572 1

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

131 466 815 912 1041 899 969 1031 1099 1036 167 156 169 136 134 154 164 172 183 116 1 45 16 90 151 96 66 108 89 120 110 130 635 1110 1774 2665 4018 4656 4938 4926 5019 5142 288 106 58 56 9 16 3 1 20 64 77 3 151 94 55 20 3 3 8 8 8 8 127 152 167 183 195 79803 119870 119225 142985 154566 176984 172428 175115 181002 172939 1 15 3 43 79 65 75 80 85 68 21 21 15 618 471 375 148 128 153 161 171 182 168 1623 2757 4743 3873 3484 2801 3008 2864 2689 3034 278 379 454 444 702 803 752 894 937 2234 624 421 246 850 500 211 594 467 612 825 200 268 161 986 3521 4591 4528 4385 4692 6607 1224 1365 3228 2676 3876 3898 3868 5026 5027 5818 3419 3885 4050 4927 3644 3110 3659 3298 3175 3700 1 1 1 2 2 21 63 90 126 153 63 15 12 12 22 14 20 224 17 80 93 777 476 704 728 697 4 22 215 461 408 428 448 441 61 12 135 174 183 190 201 205 24 32 32 51 60 1 25 57 112 338 664 1047 1075 850 1180 981 7 4 1 1 1 1 2 2 42 42 355 7 181 52 52 62 2413 1516 235 98 563 642 660 700 700 700 700 700 39 3 5523 8928 9109 6058 10691 10824 11403 12261 13499 93181 126198 172042 239144 302877 372939 391652 418677 454082 491703 237 771 1943 4746 5600 13287 15445 23717 33902 41869 30170 37200 32650 23300 22140 22800 24060 24680 20120 25928 76 517 1936 2303 3298 10682 12728 13147 16519 16984 480 595 1290 70 96 105 129 148 37 221 223 80 15 38 128 145 155 163 846 83 17 81 129 430 257 410 425 439 412 1569 2238 3143 3638 3095 6622 7149 7583 9645 10175 303 2416 2570 2998 8597 9451 9906 10070 11127 11791 1 8 5 25 93 70 68 91 4443 8523 13080 21959 36819 48104 49792 51973 54758 60249 94 212 250 2315 3684 7472 8479 11104 14051 13101

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.22 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II

Table 2.3: World steam coal consumption (1) (continued) (thousand tonnes)

1973 Vietnam Other Asia PR of China Albania Bulgaria Cyprus Malta Romania Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia F.Y.R. of Macedonia Serbia Slovenia Former Yugoslavia Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Estonia Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Republic of Moldova Russia Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Former USSR Islam. Rep. of Iran Israel Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syria

1985

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

2770 4052 4990 3951 5917 7808 14900 14510 16152 16623 19903 220 657 345 303 221 564 668 662 685 776 1616 414180 559188 741034 969983 1176220 1094977 1661073 1816465 1965467 2073184 2326583 89 135 187 240 6136 5073 6724 4192 1750 2054 3091 3310 3312 4165 4653 74 97 97 49 57 52 54 49 1582 192 300 52 8490 6781 6880 4269 18 392 71 78 58 67 1374 x x x 2 x x x 403 143 623 1106 1057 987 1081 950 x x x 12 72 9 3 57 12 172 x x x 137 55 218 202 67 62 93 5 x x x 31 20 11 45 49 46 66 364 2540 388 400 x x x x x x x x x x x 552 3 1 3 x x x 200 6 x x x 2389 1125 504 234 168 132 83 75 x x x 382 85 87 58 56 70 130 118 x x x 637 38 27 14 18 16 48 12 x x x 55823 50342 36706 47727 47862 53527 53194 63557 x x x 4014 505 830 997 887 817 839 877 x x x 917 252 97 98 120 130 162 168 x x x 1303 372 130 263 284 396 379 374 x x x 4510 1315 181 186 167 192 130 135 x x x 186148 112597 98284 95781 96447 101149 95505 121932 x x x 1044 7 14 83 88 94 156 184 x x x 670 x x x 84932 55256 35306 32198 33793 37926 37900 36256 x x x 2740 81 69 490220 397576 419445 x x x x x x x x 948 83 100 75 158 274 290 360 450 578 569 2927 3720 6568 10591 12875 12124 12991 13294 12768 1 1 180 200 200 200 200 200 216 2 1 1 -

United Arab Emirates Non OECD Total

1980

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

767

1103331 1193802 1499732 1708049 1886420 1860491 2576516 2757937 2969842 3134445 3491209

World 2246573 2218331 2660866 2905484 3110664 3229626 4049139 4258439 4476790 4671016 5000269 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries (1) Steam coal is also commonly known as thermal coal. It includes anthracite and bituminous coal. (1) For further information, see Principles and Definitions . (2) Includes sub-bituminous coal. (3) In the 2008 edition, the Czech Administration changed the classification between bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal (3) and lignite for 1990 onwards.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.23

Table 2.4: World brown coal consumption (1) (thousand tonnes)

1973 Australia Austria Belgium Canada(2) Czech Republic(2)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

United States

24121 32894 38380 45990 50752 67293 66343 67152 67737 65613 72400 3328 3274 3868 2504 1743 1381 1212 1286 764 187 51 95 275 276 195 220 190 206 290 317 103 8058 15911 26653 30260 36734 40465 40943 39760 36701 37777 42951 75965 79822 83854 81891 59832 56117 52714 52473 53476 54196 50337 2775 2570 2418 2094 1516 355 40 36 37 51 67 372497 391753 432521 364050 194811 169942 181948 177892 176378 180491 175194 13000 22692 36214 52053 56962 64564 70855 70096 64598 66373 65791 26896 25849 24583 19005 15529 13893 12173 10247 10181 10088 9940 38 45 36 42 53 9 14 13 1299 1385 2041 1089 196 30 9 8 8 4 5 100 27 28 2 4 4 3 3 3 3 20 156 103 69 29 44 44 50 35 58 45 143 208 264 207 250 261 284 276 280 286 323 34282 35308 57565 67391 63196 59488 61175 61589 60800 57529 59552 12784 16039 15784 12481 7221 4213 3589 3307 3168 2935 3580 3062 14691 23242 20776 15054 12850 11823 11550 10103 9579 2328 13 8 6 4 39 86 85 75 7642 15801 35301 46178 52471 64406 45545 57315 60786 72827 73124 12948 42129 62063 79023 80764 74265 76119 76136 75785 71851 69352

IEA Europe OECD Europe IEA North America OECD North America OECD/IEA Pacific

553550 609463 717769 669908 468808 553550 609463 717769 669908 468808 21006 58040 88716 109283 117498 21006 58040 88716 109283 117500 24364 33129 38644 46197 51002

IEA Total OECD Total

598920 700632 845129 825388 637308 629829 625052 629471 621222 630261 625231 598920 700632 845129 825388 637310 629833 625056 629474 621225 630264 625234

France Germany Greece Hungary(2) Ireland Italy Japan Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Poland Slovak Republic Spain(2) Switzerland Turkey(2)

447545 447545 114730 114734 67554

441363 441363 117062 117066 66627

446147 446147 115896 115899 67428

440719 440719 112486 112489 68017

454734 454734 109628 109631 65899

440205 440205 112303 112306 72723

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.24 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II

Table 2.4: World brown coal consumption (1) (continued) (thousand tonnes)

1973

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Angola Egypt Libya Nigeria Argentina Brazil 1280 2788 6991 4786 Chile 61 40 35 Trinidad and Tobago Venezuela India 3762 5059 7913 14985 Indonesia 163 4422 DPR of Korea 7000 10000 12000 10660 Malaysia Mongolia 5687 6054 Myanmar 27 43 38 Pakistan Philippines 4 3 Singapore 1 1 2 Chinese Taipei Thailand 361 1525 5132 12457 Vietnam Other Asia 2206 4200 People's Republic of China Albania 810 1420 2150 1843 Bulgaria 26311 29704 30657 31778 Cyprus Romania 17690 27364 38404 36872 Bosnia and Herzegovina x x x 19670 Croatia x x x 743 F.Y.R. of Macedonia x x x 6808 Serbia x x x 45800 Slovenia x x x 6058 Former Yugoslavia 31356 40516 68217 x Estonia x x x 25954 Kazakhstan x x x 3443 Kyrgyzstan x x x 2140 Latvia x x x 3 Lithuania x x x Russia x x x 134047 Tajikistan x x x 450 Ukraine x x x 7983 Uzbekistan x x x 6200 Former USSR 157138 163030 157015 x

5040 22298 5598 7600 3914 23 3 62 18496 80 30873 40635 1640 188 7293 40550 5219 x 14561 3630 287 82065 27 3000 2947 x

6813 24825 13755 7243 5142 59 3 4725 17586 73 25844 29313 7437 80 7702 37106 4914 x 13232 2438 339 1 88257 13 793 2438 x

5236 30033 22900 7340 5093 75 3 3 5106 20548 118 26292 1 32574 8402 83 7551 41239 5329 x 15503 3599 475 1 72060 15 634 2633 x

5734 30239 25697 7746 5367 85 3 5005 21046 105 24870 1 32961 8865 83 7470 35323 5143 x 14804 3586 452 3 73156 15 409 2930 x

6259 30808 27794 7946 5562 111 3 5410 18852 105 25775 1 37627 9875 84 6823 37367 5185 x 14028 3973 436 3 73929 15 233 3050 x

5853 34654 30238 6478 5759 113 3 5718 18121 1811 105 28687 1 36613 10308 65 6956 37359 5198 x 16810 4066 468 70147 15 194 3201 x

10 14 3 3 1 5821 1 11 35325 26218 8956 609 6012 328 81 484 78 20783 1802 71 116 28748 34938 9540 5040 37351 5031 x 16193 4153 484 75683 12 269 2400 x

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1980

1985

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.25

Table 2.4: World brown coal consumption(1) (continued) (thousand tonnes)

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

-

-

-

303 -

470 -

390 -

439 -

429 -

452 -

429 -

640 90 1

Israel Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates

Non OECD Total 247976 285674 334411 383502 296499 300521 313285 311527 321706 329370 327300 World 846896 986306 1179540 1208890 933809 930354 938341 941001 942931 959634 952534 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries (1) Brown coal represents lower grade coal and includes lignite. (1) For further information, see Principles and Definitions . (2) Includes sub-bituminous coal.

II.26 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II

Table 2.5: OECD consumption of coke oven coke (1) (thousand tonnes)

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States IEA Europe OECD Europe IEA North America OECD North America OECD Pacific

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

4983 2681 8429 5454 5913 96 877 14783 37220 414 2317 13 7099 51800 356 3235 2173 2657 20 826 14212 306 2422 5349 1900 185 1251 17034 64235

5077 2674 6542 5519 6244 116 1224 13180 32691 261 2243 16 8 7379 45795 3086 2282 2494 2363 13 849 17849 317 1642 3917 1618 131 1954 7296 37446

3520 2993 5789 5212 6472 68 1218 10353 29657 55 2000 34 22 7258 44859 5359 1854 3022 2539 6 881 14671 401 2126 3758 1494 82 2803 9209 26553

3300 2403 5265 3412 5713 40 1272 7714 21127 42 1183 30 29 6413 49890 8800 1447 2528 2339 529 9854 240 2833 3365 1422 43 3256 8244 25230

3952 2354 4287 3682 3857 43 1192 6219 14879 12 990 18 6 5656 41939 10593 521 2951 2387 500 8294 296 1964 3131 1496 31 3201 6517 22180

3456 2436 3928 3429 3144 40 1443 6119 14982 1 804 47 5041 41604 12288 3591 2002 559 5762 323 1815 1923 1495 27 3592 6502 21085

2972 2511 3137 3667 3339 45 1412 5045 12990 4 783 52 4988 42937 11356 3122 2161 461 4990 8 2075 2025 1778 20 3333 5389 20406

3001 2751 2951 3361 2949 34 1416 5043 12209 4 751 33 5271 43191 9276 3166 2082 356 3399 5 1984 2027 1701 20 3428 5001 16547

2825 2788 2863 4139 3191 35 1420 5594 11880 3 736 26 5099 44425 10202 3223 1903 420 3948 4 2209 1932 1433 19 3648 5257 17041

2852 2780 2422 3784 3208 38 1414 5030 13079 2 775 34 4983 45486 10477 3240 2148 437 3905 4 1797 1935 1433 22 3816 5242 15666

2464 2840 2954 3908 3122 35 1381 4735 12360 1 735 21 4534 42008 11557 3553 2112 424 3111 4 1664 2077 1519 24 4108 4833 15427

129219 112780 105703 129219 112796 105737 69689 42965 31765 71862 45459 34787 57159 53971 53744

84773 84803 28642 31170 61990

67833 67851 25862 28813 56484

61938 61985 24514 28105 57348

56494 56546 24073 27195 57265

53382 53415 19908 23074 55468

54382 54408 21180 24403 57452

54470 54504 19450 22690 58815

52573 52594 19335 22888 56029

256067 209716 191212 175405 150179 143800 137832 128758 133014 132735 127937 IEA Total 258240 212226 194268 177963 153148 147438 141006 131957 136263 136009 131511 OECD Total Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries (1) Solid product obtained from carbonization of coal, principally coking coal, used mainly in the iron and steel industry. (1) Also includes coke and semi-coke made from lignite. (1) For further information, see Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.27

3. TRADE

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.29

Table 3.1: World and seaborne coal trade (million tonnes) Steam coal

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Coking coal

Hard coal

Total

Seaborne

Total

Seaborne

Total

Seaborne

274.1 269.7 270.0 286.6 288.0 299.0 287.8 287.6 253.0 267.7 297.2 317.7 339.9 361.9 357.6 421.2 454.0 464.1 513.0 556.6 595.1 646.4 679.2 676.0

142.2 143.5 143.1 155.3 166.2 183.2 201.1 210.1 198.2 217.4 247.9 271.3 284.6 292.5 302.4 356.5 384.7 407.6 445.3 492.3 532.1 574.8 606.7 606.1

185.1 172.9 174.3 191.9 190.9 199.3 193.3 172.8 186.5 182.9 196.0 195.0 200.7 186.2 185.0 186.9 199.1 187.6 205.9 197.3 216.3 222.8 246.8 261.8

134.6 130.5 133.7 149.8 154.1 154.5 164.3 153.9 160.6 163.2 174.3 174.7 181.6 171.3 172.4 171.3 181.3 172.4 190.5 180.1 196.8 204.4 225.6 243.2

459.2 442.6 444.2 478.5 478.9 498.4 481.0 460.5 439.6 450.6 493.2 512.7 540.5 548.1 542.6 608.1 653.1 651.7 718.9 753.9 811.4 869.3 926.0 937.8

276.8 274.1 276.7 305.0 320.3 337.7 365.4 364.0 358.8 380.6 422.2 446.0 466.2 463.8 474.8 527.9 566.0 580.0 635.8 672.3 728.9 779.2 832.3 849.3

Table 3.2: World total hard coal trade Japan

Other

OECD

(million tonnes) Other Africa + OECD North

Latin

Balancing

World

(1)

Exporters

Mid. East America America Asia Europe item Europe 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008

Australia 114.6 120.1 79.9 85.4 30.3 28.2 2.7 Canada 11.2 8.1 6.2 7.8 8.5 6.9 Poland - 12.8 9.8 0.0 United States 0.0 1.4 1.0 3.0 20.6 30.8 3.2 Other OECD 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.0 11.8 13.4 0.3 Total OECD 126.2 130.0 87.7 96.3 83.9 89.1 6.2 China 13.6 14.3 36.0 32.0 2.6 1.9 Colombia 0.0 0.0 1.5 31.9 30.2 0.4 Indonesia 33.2 28.5 136.6 148.6 17.1 15.6 0.8 Kazakhstan 0.2 0.5 26.9 Russia 11.2 10.8 8.2 10.2 61.7 60.2 18.8 South Africa 0.4 0.2 9.4 10.1 48.7 38.4 0.2 Other non-OECD 2.3 1.7 35.6 36.4 13.5 12.1 2.9 Tot. imp./exp. 187.0 185.6 277.8 298.8 259.6 248.0 53.4 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics and Secretariat sources. Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes:

0.4

3.6

2.8

4.7

0.8

5.3

5.4

2.6

0.1

0.2

0.5

2.0

2.0

2.2

2.0

-0.6

4.1

29.7

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.9

-2.1

11.9

7.8

4.5

4.1

3.6

11.7

10.5

6.6

7.1

6.1

12.8

53.4

73.7

5.9

25.8

19.9

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

1.1

0.0

11.6

5.1

8.2

6.9

18.4

13.3

15.2

14.5

18.5

9.1 243.6 252.2 31.5

29.8 364.3 385.1

-

-

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.3

0.9

1.1

-1.8

53.7

47.4

1.0

5.7

5.5

26.0

26.1

4.8

8.2

-1.3

1.4

67.5

73.9

0.3

0.1

3.9

3.3

3.2

1.9

0.6

6.2

26.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-1.3

1.8 199.1 202.6

16.4

0.0

1.3

0.6

0.2

0.1

0.6

-0.6

0.1

9.8

7.1

-

1.1

1.4

2.5

-3.3

2.2

66.7

61.8

3.4

-

0.0

6.9

2.2

1.2

1.7

-13.6

-18.9

48.8

38.6

49.4

23.7

24.9

55.4

46.2

23.7

27.3

45.5

-0.0

25.7

27.1

1.8 100.2 101.4

57.6 926.0 937.8

Data in columns OECD Europe, Japan and North America are import statistics. Data in rows Australia to Total OECD (except for above mentioned columns) are export statistics. Data in column World are export statistics. All other data are based on national and international sources and estimates. The sum of coking coal and steam coal may not add up to total hard coal due to rounding, which may also result in discrepancies among tables 3.2 to 3.4 and other trade data in this publication.

(1) Includes former USSR and former Yugoslavia.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.30 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II

Table 3.3: World steam coal trade Japan

Other

(million tonnes) Other Africa+

Latin

Balancing

World

Europe

Australia 78.0 90.4 42.7 44.4 7.7 6.3 0.1 Canada 7.6 2.7 0.9 2.1 0.8 0.3 Poland 9.5 6.4 0.0 United States 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.5 5.5 12.8 1.1 Other OECD 0.3 0.0 0.0 7.0 9.3 0.1 Total OECD 86.0 93.3 43.8 47.1 30.5 35.2 1.3 China 9.9 12.7 33.4 29.1 2.5 1.7 Colombia 0.0 1.5 31.8 29.9 0.4 Indonesia 22.6 11.3 132.8 137.5 17.1 15.6 0.8 Kazakhstan 0.2 0.5 26.1 Russia 7.8 9.1 7.4 9.1 59.6 58.8 10.3 South Africa 0.3 0.2 8.7 9.8 48.6 37.9 0.2 Other Non-OECD 2.3 1.6 32.2 32.6 11.2 10.5 2.6 Tot. Imp./Exp. 128.8 128.2 226.0 234.1 201.5 190.1 39.2 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics and Secretariat sources. Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes:

OECD North

America America Item Europe(1) Mid. East 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 Asia

Exporters

OECD

-

0.5

0.2

4.7

0.8

0.8

0.4

-22.1

-

0.2

0.3

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.1

-6.6

-1.1

3.7

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.0

-0.2

9.5

6.2

0.4

2.2

1.7

8.4

7.2

0.5

1.1

6.3

11.0

24.2

35.1

4.5

18.9

14.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

11.5

0.5

3.2

2.3

13.6

8.5

1.7

1.8

-11.2

-27.2 112.4 115.3 4.9

-13.1 168.8 175.4

-

-

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.2

4.6

-1.1

50.7

42.7

0.9

5.7

5.5

26.0

26.1

4.7

8.0

-1.3

1.6

67.2

73.6

0.2

0.1

3.9

3.3

3.2

1.7

0.6

-10.7

26.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.7

-0.0

0.7 167.7 173.0 25.6

27.1

7.5

0.0

1.3

0.6

0.2

0.1

0.6

-0.5

-0.7

85.2

85.9

0.1

9.8

7.1

-

1.1

1.2

2.5

-2.9

2.4

65.8

61.3

3.4

-

0.0

6.9

2.2

1.2

1.6

-8.2

-14.9

48.3

37.0

35.9

18.7

20.3

50.5

41.4

9.4

13.7

5.1

12.4 679.2 676.0

Data in columns OECD Europe, Japan and North America are import statistics. Data in rows Australia to Total OECD (except for above mentioned columns) are export statistics. Data in column World are export statistics. All other data are based on national and international sources and estimates. The sum of coking coal and steam coal may not add up to total hard coal due to rounding, which may also result in discrepancies among tables 3.2 to 3.4 and other trade data in this publication.

Table 3.4: World coking coal trade Japan

Other

OECD

Asia

Europe

(million tonnes) Other Africa+ (1)

Mid. East

OECD North

Latin

Balancing

America

America

Item

World

Europe 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 Exporters Australia(2) 36.5 29.7 37.2 41.0 22.5 21.9 2.6 0.4 3.1 2.7 4.5 4.9 24.7 36.3 131.2 136.9 Canada 3.6 5.5 5.3 5.7 7.7 6.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.8 6.0 5.2 26.0 26.6 Poland 3.2 3.4 0.0 -0.9 -1.9 2.4 1.6 United States 0.0 1.1 0.9 2.5 15.1 18.0 2.1 4.1 1.9 1.9 3.3 3.3 6.1 5.9 -0.2 1.9 29.2 38.6 Other OECD 0.1 0.4 0.4 4.8 4.1 0.2 0.0 1.1 0.1 1.4 6.9 5.9 Total OECD 40.3 36.7 43.9 49.2 53.3 53.9 4.9 4.6 5.0 4.7 4.8 4.9 13.6 12.7 29.7 42.9 195.6 209.6 China 3.6 1.6 2.6 2.9 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.7 -3.5 -0.7 3.0 4.7 Colombia 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.3 0.4 0.3 Indonesia 10.7 17.2 3.8 11.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 16.9 1.1 31.5 29.6 Kazakhstan 0.8 -0.6 0.0 0.2 0.0 Russia 3.5 1.7 0.8 1.1 2.2 1.3 8.5 8.8 0.0 -0.1 2.5 14.9 15.5 South Africa 0.1 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.2 -0.4 -0.3 0.8 0.6 Other Non-OECD 0.1 3.3 3.8 2.2 1.6 0.3 0.0 0.1 -5.3 -4.0 0.5 1.6 Tot. Imp./Exp. 58.2 57.4 51.8 64.7 58.1 57.9 14.2 13.6 5.0 4.7 4.9 4.9 14.2 13.6 40.3 45.2 246.8 261.8 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics and Secretariat sources. Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes: Notes:

Data in columns OECD Europe, Japan and North America are import statistics. Data in rows Australia to Total OECD (except for above mentioned columns) are export statistics. Data in column World are export statistics. All other data are based on national and international sources and estimates. The sum of coking coal and steam coal may not add up to total hard coal due to rounding, which may also result in discrepancies among tables 3.2 to 3.4 and other trade data in this publication.

(1) Includes former USSR and former Yugoslavia. (2) Includes exports of soft and semi-soft coking coal used for pulverised coal injection (PCI).

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.31

Table 3.5: World hard coal Imports - regional aggregates

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008e

(thousand tonnes) Europe Former North USSR America

World

OECD

Non OECD

Latin America

Asia

Aus. + N.Z.

Africa

343022

270255

72767

162032

11400

16940

9675

139608

-

3367

338869

262819

76050

159314

12500

15562

10284

137406

-

3803

344148

262166

81982

156068

10900

15953

11632

145327

1

4267

371490

280843

90647

156862

13700

19493

11161

165891

1

4382

375651

285891

89760

159224

12100

17135

12651

170062

1

4478

489070

305041

184029

170054

106521

16846

13348

178397

7

3897

485855

325414

160441

176760

86656

15667

13751

188952

1

4068

470895

322688

148207

174811

66125

17087

12806

196070

1

3995

442466

309912

132554

153295

45945

15180

13733

210374

1

3938

460280

329266

131014

158424

41610

16536

15101

224093

-

4516

490744

349268

141476

167490

42896

17086

15676

242895

-

4701

501011

359829

141182

172271

35657

19140

18043

250122

-

5778

530358

381890

148468

181316

32820

21472

18973

269782

-

5995

536898

387736

149162

186400

33847

25549

19421

264359

-

7322

538175

393078

145097

178799

24040

26842

19689

281882

-

6923

608012

441770

166242

202132

34460

32493

19684

311042

-

8201

650397

475025

175372

220649

35578

42254

17762

324843

-

9311

664595

473767

190828

213118

29556

35943

18601

357134

-

10243

709254

501674

207580

226095

39057

43301

19193

371693

-

9915

769614

538284

231330

245579

33922

41524

21794

415801

876

10118

788856

538874

249982

244137

32265

48872

21436

430724

1084

10338

853711

573768

279943

266178

37869

56181

22011

459585

1236

10651

908121

590954

317167

269380

38806

55381

25629

507654

729

10542

922605

579966

342639

261986

38395

46240

29582

534280

606

11516

Asia

Aus. + N.Z.

Africa

Table 3.6: World brown coal Imports - regional aggregates World

OECD

Non OECD

(thousand tonnes) Europe Former North USSR America

1985 16078 15451 627 16046 15 1986 15985 13638 2347 14697 15 1987 16604 13347 3257 14988 15 1988 16656 13266 3390 15222 1989 16165 12370 3795 15002 1990 21137 13246 7891 17736 2576 1991 21707 16091 5616 19105 2600 1992 16767 12891 3876 14722 2043 1993 14604 11775 2829 12836 1765 1994 11668 9276 2392 9873 1793 1995 12384 9057 3327 9763 2348 1996 13620 9633 3987 10565 2321 1997 12167 8662 3505 8414 2244 1998 12378 7896 4482 6614 1505 1999 13427 8624 4803 5813 1473 2000 16158 9098 7060 5438 1451 2001 16472 7932 8540 5401 1477 2002 18070 11191 6879 3884 745 2003 19846 11619 8227 4221 1256 2004 18165 9119 9046 4223 1669 2005 17239 9457 7782 5015 655 2006 16769 8312 8457 5944 533 2007 19394 9422 9972 7463 415 2008e 21791 13185 8606 4223 122 Note: Prior to 1990 excludes trade within former USSR and former Yugoslavia.

Latin America

-

-

17

-

-

-

-

1273

-

-

-

-

1601

-

-

-

-

1434

-

-

-

-

1163

-

-

-

-

825

-

-

-

-

2

-

-

1

-

1

-

-

2

-

1

-

-

1

-

1

-

-

2

-

271

-

-

469

-

265

-

-

967

-

542

-

-

2211

-

2048

-

-

3676

-

2465

-

-

4525

-

4744

-

-

3567

-

6027

-

-

8197

-

5244

-

-

9228

-

5141

-

-

6544

-

5729

-

-

6772

-

4797

-

-

5042

-

5250

-

-

5617

-

5898

1

-

9681

17

7717

1

30

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.32 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II

Table 3.7: World hard coal imports - selected countries Belgium France 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008e

Germany

Spain

UK

(thousand tonnes) USA Canada Russia

India

China Chinese Taipei

Japan

Korea

9320

18835

15547

8416

12732

1771

14579

x

2030

2307

10091

93449

17131

8521

16857

17165

8715

10554

2007

13311

x

2100

2471

10685

90392

16437

9133

13309

14960

8886

9781

1585

14345

x

2970

1941

14022

90916

18279

11065

12114

13304

8766

11685

1936

17477

x

3700

1743

17455

101241

22657

12658

15943

11071

10569

12137

2587

14522

x

4410

2290

16852

101509

24216

14761

19389

13580

10455

14783

2449

14169

53210

6046

2003

18527

106918

23729

14421

21792

15423

12988

19611

3075

12567

46911

5272

1368

18444

112675

29094

14014

21989

15452

14279

20339

3450

13003

39723

6495

1630

22139

110626

30781

11894

14231

13090

12726

18400

6631

8468

28200

7330

1428

25345

112053

37381

12659

12190

15483

11504

15088

6880

9366

27198

10556

1209

26721

121477

41009

14099

13190

15052

13408

15896

6533

9735

22734

12512

1635

28698

127354

45831

12814

15758

16348

11994

17799

6464

11740

20081

13175

3217

30907

130372

46074

12796

13604

20031

11340

19757

6792

13504

20715

16440

2013

35777

136217

51997

12634

18424

22249

14554

21244

7868

16494

21800

16535

1586

35083

130044

53586

10836

17841

22678

20098

20293

8204

16129

16044

19700

1673

38669

138615

54569

11347

18980

27948

21649

23446

11271

18790

25518

20930

2178

40708

150340

63724

12681

15960

33511

18916

35542

18672

20141

27820

20548

2661

43074

154616

64967

9906

18142

32607

24514

28686

16060

13987

20866

23260

11258

46570

161306

72051

9390

16768

34917

21552

31891

22614

13451

25217

21683

11098

49529

166418

73607

9790

19460

39536

24473

36153

24635

12797

22259

28484

18614

54757

180804

78963

8804

19851

37105

24756

43968

27506

14104

22390

38586

26172

55455

176977

76758

8056

20391

42132

23704

50529

32691

15868

25742

43081

38106

57061

179100

79707

7415

18693

46287

24439

43365

32865

17057

23441

49794

51016

59344

186987

88285

7050

21285

46123

20967

43733

30912

11082

25833

59787

45616

66133

185568

99585

China Chinese Taipei

Japan

Korea

Table 3.8: World brown coal imports - selected countries Belgium France 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008e

Germany

Spain

UK

(thousand tonnes) USA Canada Russia

India

278

38

2652

2

-

-

-

x

-

-

-

-

-

257

60

2478

2

-

-

-

x

-

-

-

-

-

264

49

2162

2

-

-

-

x

-

-

-

-

-

226

49

1883

-

-

-

-

x

-

-

-

-

-

267

57

1990

-

-

-

-

x

-

-

-

-

-

276

69

2083

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

276

2

3428

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

244

2

3640

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

226

-

2991

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

212

48

2623

265

-

-

-

5

-

-

-

-

-

195

53

2132

481

-

-

-

-

-

-

59

-

-

227

42

1950

136

-

-

467

-

-

-

241

-

-

219

37

2151

-

-

-

965

89

-

-

442

-

-

196

32

1944

-

-

46

2163

22

-

-

2010

-

-

159

37

2053

-

-

41

3630

3

-

-

2435

-

-

219

52

1796

-

-

80

4441

10

-

-

4701

-

-

207

59

1997

-

-

79

3486

242

-

-

6017

-

-

205

23

848

-

-

121

8074

-

-

-

5244

-

-

188

42

35

-

-

107

9117

127

-

-

5141

-

-

190

40

17

-

-

114

6426

170

-

-

5726

-

-

206

36

9

-

-

128

6641

253

-

-

4797

-

-

289

37

53

-

-

191

4848

341

-

-

5250

-

-

317

51

27

-

-

108

5506

270

-

-

5888

-

-

103

67

28

-

-

119

9559

-

3083

71

78

-

-

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.33

Table 3.9: World coking coal Imports - regional aggregates

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008e

(thousand tonnes) Europe Former North USSR America

World

OECD

Non OECD

Latin America

Asia

Aus. + N.Z.

Africa

167021

136369

30652

62499

-

159611

127699

31912

59123

-

6778

9212

85953

-

2579

5879

9903

82079

-

164203

129116

35087

60688

2627

-

5612

11248

83700

-

178687

142611

36076

2955

64117

-

6335

10691

94548

-

177466

140855

2996

36611

63718

-

5943

11335

93672

-

171198

2798

136493

34705

61961

124

4719

11846

90289

7

2252

169114

136519

32595

58107

120

4769

12288

91566

-

2264

166756

130869

35887

58145

124

4848

11878

89345

-

2416

164220

129411

34809

54714

291

4681

12087

89944

-

2503

174306

132507

41799

56733

3297

4467

12238

94722

-

2849

180282

133802

46480

59187

8176

4129

12343

93961

-

2486

181565

136766

44799

59711

7319

4833

12721

94292

-

2689

183772

136901

46871

62847

4887

4301

12158

96855

-

2724

177150

135787

41363

63661

3402

5647

11845

89183

-

3412

168822

130064

38758

56468

2351

5106

11120

90736

-

3041

178465

138570

39895

59805

2961

5843

11232

95102

-

3522

171744

132756

38988

55522

2605

6078

11030

93089

-

3420

175554

133810

41744

53320

1642

6522

10786

98866

-

4418

176366

130279

46087

51078

4342

4828

11228

100527

-

4363

198310

140363

57947

56703

6830

5416

11200

113520

-

4641

194434

135929

58505

57628

7770

5831

11127

107569

-

4509

195957

139604

56353

60372

7932

5786

11020

106231

-

4616

206931

143779

63152

62430

8568

4924

12197

114499

8

4305

222486

144188

78298

62892

7923

4866

13285

128953

7

4560

Latin America

Asia

Aus. + N.Z.

Africa

463

53655

-

788

381

55327

-

1176

384

61627

1

1312

470

71343

1

1386

1316

76390

1

1680

1502

88108

-

1645

1463

97386

1

1804

928

106725

1

1579

1646

120430

1

1435

2863

129371

-

1667

3333

148934

-

2215

5322

155830

-

3089

6815

172927

-

3271

7576

175176

-

3910

8569

191146

-

3882

8452

215940

-

4679

6732

231754

-

5891

7815

258268

-

5825

7965

271166

-

5552

10594

302281

876

5477

10309

323155

1084

5829

10991

353354

1236

6035

13432

393155

721

6237

16297

405327

599

6956

Table 3.10: World steam coal Imports - regional aggregates World

OECD

Non OECD

(thousand tonnes) Europe Former North USSR America

1985 176001 133886 42115 99533 11400 10162 1986 179258 135120 44138 100191 12500 9683 1987 179945 133050 46895 95380 10900 10341 1988 192803 138232 54571 92745 13700 13158 1989 198185 145036 53149 95506 12100 11192 1990 317872 168548 149324 108093 106397 12127 1991 316741 188895 127846 118653 86536 10898 1992 304139 191819 112320 116666 66001 12239 1993 278246 180501 97745 98581 45654 10499 1994 285974 196759 89215 101691 38313 12069 1995 310462 215466 94996 108303 34720 12957 1996 319446 223063 96383 112560 28338 14307 1997 346586 244989 101597 118469 27933 17171 1998 359748 251949 107799 122739 30445 19902 1999 369353 263014 106339 122331 21689 21736 2000 429547 303200 126347 142327 31499 26650 2001 478653 342269 136384 165127 32973 36176 2002 489041 339957 149084 159798 27914 29421 2003 532888 371395 161493 175017 34715 38473 2004 571304 397921 173383 188876 27092 36108 2005 594422 402945 191477 186509 24495 43041 2006 657754 434164 223590 205806 29937 50395 2007 701190 447175 254015 206950 30238 50457 2008e 700119 435778 264341 199094 30472 41374 Note: Prior to 1990 excludes trade within former USSR and former Yugoslavia.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.34 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II

Table 3.11: World coking coal imports - selected countries Belgium France 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008e

Germany

Spain

UK

(thousand tonnes) USA Canada Russia

India

China Chinese Taipei

Japan

Korea

4663

7773

2235

4090

7150

-

6188

x

2030

200

2802

69242

8125

4041

7614

2246

3097

6257

-

5635

x

2100

529

2717

66445

6575

4874

7532

2200

3437

6492

-

5589

x

2970

224

3490

63935

9247

6838

8165

2248

3643

7082

-

6255

x

3700

50

4687

71128

11237

7064

7769

2281

4000

7998

-

5917

x

4410

303

4921

68689

11651

7132

7848

1706

4169

8614

-

4491

-

5854

250

4237

64935

11287

6426

7660

1057

4652

9196

-

4744

-

5272

408

4350

61839

15572

5795

7457

1357

4343

8385

-

4848

-

6325

400

3748

57898

16381

4748

6904

987

4572

8602

-

4681

-

6936

-

3915

57104

17321

4444

6747

1093

3893

8065

-

4467

3237

9874

-

4032

60301

16902

5267

7300

1427

3244

7754

-

4129

2215

9378

-

4390

59799

17151

5325

7387

2189

3318

8245

-

4833

1708

10617

-

3946

59479

18226

4328

7235

2536

3745

8072

-

4301

1274

11745

398

6033

59098

17395

4195

7052

4299

3905

8646

1050

4597

292

10023

103

5636

53649

17979

3953

6950

3519

3548

8020

1065

4041

2

10992

263

5375

54880

17227

3818

6543

4608

3755

8462

1547

4296

200

11063

339

5158

57081

19575

4169

6942

3984

3424

7723

2091

3987

-

11107

277

5373

56625

17899

3363

6405

5174

3425

6315

2207

4315

-

12947

256

5272

58435

20003

3220

5577

5504

3321

6474

1556

3272

-

12992

2605

5274

57744

20315

3577

6798

6875

4043

6345

1987

3429

-

16925

6830

5078

60884

21808

3533

6255

7152

3571

6551

1603

4228

866

16891

7195

4968

56530

20627

3490

5995

8692

3622

6775

1533

4253

167

17877

4663

4872

57672

20081

3247

5364

9627

3682

7482

1515

3409

-

22029

6219

4483

58199

22532

2993

7239

9255

3371

6349

1580

3286

-

28841

10269

5884

57367

24083

China Chinese Taipei

Japan

Korea 9006

Table 3.12: World steam coal imports - selected countries Belgium France 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008e

Germany

Spain

UK

(thousand tonnes) USA Canada Russia

India

4657

11062

13312

4326

5582

1771

8391

x

-

2107

7289

24207

4480

9243

14919

5618

4297

2007

7676

x

-

1942

7968

23947

9862

4259

5777

12760

5449

3289

1585

8756

x

-

1717

10532

26981

9032

4227

3949

11056

5123

4603

1936

11222

x

-

1693

12768

30113

11420

5594

8174

8790

6569

4139

2587

8605

x

-

1987

11931

32820

12565

7629

11541

11874

6286

6169

2449

9678

53210

192

1753

14290

41983

12442

7995

14132

14366

8336

10415

3075

7823

46911

-

960

14094

50836

13522

8219

14532

14095

9936

11954

3450

8155

39723

170

1230

18391

52728

14400

7146

7327

12103

8154

9798

6631

3787

28200

394

1428

21430

54949

20060

8215

5443

14390

7611

7023

6880

4899

23961

682

1209

22689

61176

24107

8832

5890

13625

10164

8142

6533

5606

20519

3134

1635

24308

67555

28680

7489

8371

14159

8676

9554

6464

6907

18373

2558

3217

26961

70893

27848

8468

6369

17495

7595

11685

6792

9203

19441

4695

1615

29744

77119

34602

8439

11372

17950

10649

12598

6818

11897

21508

6512

1483

29447

76395

35607

6883

10891

19159

16550

12273

7139

12088

16042

8708

1410

33294

83735

37342

7529

12437

23340

17894

14984

9724

14494

25318

9867

1839

35550

93259

44149

8512

9018

29527

15492

27819

16581

16154

27820

9441

2384

37701

97991

47068

6543

11737

27433

21089

22371

13853

9672

20866

10313

11002

41298

102871

52048

6170

11191

29413

18231

25417

21058

10179

25217

8691

8493

44255

108674

53292

6213

12662

32661

20430

29808

22648

9368

22259

11559

11784

49679

119920

57155

5271

13596

29953

21185

37417

25903

9876

21524

21695

18977

50487

120447

56131

4566

14396

33440

20082

43754

31158

11615

25575

25204

33443

52189

121428

59626

4168

13329

36660

20757

35883

31350

13648

23441

27765

44797

54861

128788

65753

4057

14046

36868

17596

37384

29332

7796

25833

30946

35347

60249

128201

75502

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.35

Table 3.13: OECD coke oven coke imports (1) (thousand tonnes)

1973 Australia

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

51

44

7

Austria

1055

986

1274

815

718

981

1266

1402

1282

1438

1466

Belgium

1110

1261

676

822

1259

1108

277

152

68

217

824

Canada

357

267

340

339

818

631

265

88

997

864

1406

-

-

-

-

320

602

756

510

705

735

591

Czech Republic Denmark

129

112

75

41

45

47

42

36

39

35

39

Finland

832

1229

1231

786

274

505

511

505

518

572

534

France

3646

3000

2147

1109

885

1448

1280

1525

1461

1067

1310

Germany

4497

4202

2693

2001

2601

5987

4410

3793

3687

4693

4347

45

35

53

32

11

1

4

4

3

2

1

1207

1468

1486

478

351

5

189

205

51

27

16

Iceland

-

16

34

30

18

47

52

33

26

34

21

Ireland

13

8

22

29

6

-

-

-

-

-

-

Italy

82

101

134

115

745

506

1086

848

715

426

229

Greece Hungary

Japan

-

-

-

261

493

2467

2950

2500

1806

1999

1393

Korea

38

121

106

-

-

-

689

341

314

551

700

Luxembourg

3247

2292

1854

1447

521

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mexico

150

122

121

124

437

631

528

390

323

274

337

Netherlands

677

832

405

360

649

758

334

341

479

509

222

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

577

531

700

534

522

543

457

382

391

442

432 84

New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey

-

-

-

-

34

16

151

117

96

119

38

102

157

13

34

-

10

6

-

1

4

922

130

268

456

178

155

287

260

516

455

415

459

553

209

172

846

137

170

136

155

136

204

1495

453

386

318

484

328

500

393

217

266

319

158

127

77

27

24

27

20

20

26

22

24

-

-

40

-

182

722

390

414

454

442

215

53

-

374

304

640

483

1045

909

1009

1068

722

978

598

524

694

1648

3430

6236

3202

3690

2232

3268

IEA Europe

20242

17422

14261

9859

11329

14359

13185

11958

11872

12672

11998

OECD Europe

20242

17438

14295

9889

11347

14406

13237

11991

11898

12706

12019

IEA North America

1335

865

864

1033

2466

4061

6501

3290

4687

3096

4674

OECD North America

1485

987

985

1157

2903

4692

7029

3680

5010

3370

5011

38

121

106

261

493

2467

3639

2841

2171

2594

2100

21615

18408

15231

11153

14288

20887

23325

18089

18730

18362

18772

OECD Total 21765 18546 15386 11307 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

14743

21565

23905

18512

19079

18670

19130

United Kingdom United States

OECD Pacific IEA Total

(1) Solid product obtained from carbonization of coal, principally coking coal, used mainly in the iron and steel industry. (1) Also includes coke and semi-coke made from lignite. (1) For further information, see Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.36 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II

Table 3.14: World hard coal Exports - regional aggregates

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008e

(thousand tonnes) Europe Former North USSR America

World

OECD

Non OECD

350192

258022

92170

57559

31200

111426

350142

250931

99211

55590

35400

103448

354569

249047

105522

48844

37700

387531

267936

119595

49932

390005

269849

120156

504173

275210

228963

491107

290596

484728

Latin America

Asia

Aus. + N.Z.

Africa

3166

9967

89036

47838

5084

12039

92219

46362

98990

8938

16792

101452

41853

46400

118021

11146

17718

99983

44331

46380

39800

124314

14176

19089

99155

47091

44559

139934

126918

15371

23593

103732

50066

200511

36890

104936

132913

18590

29471

120792

47515

281833

202895

33698

92050

121120

16930

41769

127012

52149

438963

261779

177184

33358

63598

95881

21441

40360

132540

51785

449943

269158

180785

40479

53662

96432

22613

49427

132245

55085

492418

296417

196001

44058

49630

114322

22553

63935

138036

59884

513967

299097

214870

40110

48574

116539

28398

77504

142446

60396

541154

311452

229702

40335

50876

112318

32685

81468

158801

64671

548028

317104

230924

42931

49240

106283

35969

83884

167889

61832

545569

297462

248107

37675

46889

86609

36760

97642

173194

66800

612154

312596

299558

39018

67995

85092

43321

117840

188491

70397

666191

314976

351215

47309

72661

73692

46428

162391

193970

69740

658413

308608

349805

39729

69548

62612

43854

166539

206266

69865

716512

313954

402558

35829

84830

67176

52392

193281

210959

72045

755465

326857

428608

37433

96772

69098

57650

205673

220334

68505

811748

340872

470876

34064

115139

73163

60833

222919

233642

71988

864290

342151

522139

35282

122313

72852

69396

261113

234016

69318

922858

364338

558520

35720

131211

83083

71995

288864

245602

66383

937752

385058

552694

25254

133057

105199

80387

277173

254750

61932

Asia

Aus. + N.Z.

Africa

Table 3.15: World brown coal Exports - regional aggregates World

OECD

Non OECD

(thousand tonnes) Europe Former North USSR America

1985 12093 11363 730 11838 30 1986 12734 11919 815 12290 37 1987 12388 11710 678 11745 32 1988 12285 11194 1091 11237 7 1989 11486 10710 776 10700 10 1990 16030 10520 5510 10804 4657 79 1991 15231 11387 3844 11610 3445 55 1992 13611 10383 3228 10549 2919 55 1993 11764 10425 1339 10412 1323 29 1994 9094 8583 511 8538 505 51 1995 11280 8709 2571 8816 2462 1996 10364 7558 2806 8049 2303 11 1997 9065 7842 1223 7911 1152 2 1998 8910 7123 1787 6832 1782 293 1999 7712 5917 1795 5887 1727 47 2000 7295 5324 1971 5332 1790 55 2001 7698 5731 1967 5684 1593 161 2002 5883 4535 1348 4503 919 242 2003 6358 3337 3021 3702 1533 229 2004 8082 3779 4303 4075 565 309 2005 9092 3985 5107 4131 799 351 2006 11263 4399 6864 4325 828 430 2007 13596 4290 9306 4223 848 678 2008e 21741 6357 15384 4674 501 1779 Note: Prior to 1990 excludes trade within former USSR and former Yugoslavia.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Latin America -

225

-

-

107

300

-

-

-

611

-

-

-

1041

-

-

-

776

-

-

-

490

-

-

-

121

-

-

-

88

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

-

-

-

51

-

-

-

118

-

-

-

260

-

-

-

219

-

-

-

894

-

-

-

3133

-

-

-

3811

-

-

-

5680

-

-

-

7847

-

-

-

14787

-

-

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.37

Table 3.16: World hard coal exports - selected countries Poland Canada 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008e

USA

AusCotralia lombia

(thousand tonnes) Vene- Russia Kazakh- Ukraine zuela stan

China

India

Indonesia

South Africa

36124

27378

84048

88641

3166

-

x

x

x

7770

210

1081

47630

34940

25904

77543

91937

5084

-

x

x

x

9817

160

942

46185

30222

26740

72186

101152

8938

-

x

x

x

13530

170

892

41700

32340

31732

86203

99618

10121

1025

x

x

x

15646

200

1037

44170

28943

32817

91457

98669

12487

1689

x

x

x

15338

160

2546

46931

28065

31000

95912

103396

13505

1834

56051

51480

22217

17290

100

4871

49900

22464

34103

98809

120183

16379

2196

37402

51963

12722

20001

110

7615

47357

22542

28165

92955

126242

14614

2309

40500

42459

7342

23363

130

16058

52059

22968

28274

67602

131752

17616

3825

25881

33821

3101

19815

100

18239

51711

27695

31695

64736

131201

18437

4135

23100

26000

4106

24194

673

21905

54838

31868

33993

80329

136702

18274

4242

26263

20768

2400

28617

651

31322

59676

28920

34448

82076

140856

24781

3617

25341

20840

2289

36485

478

36443

60224

29466

36530

75788

157557

27580

5105

23493

24857

2374

35331

540

41727

64200

28055

34183

72098

166796

30061

5908

24042

23294

1881

32297

823

47206

61300

24102

33539

53001

171861

29932

6828

27709

17025

2138

37437

1156

55318

66235

23245

32082

53006

186962

35391

7930

36737

28933

2320

55057

1292

57324

69910

23029

29618

44066

192178

38868

7560

41553

27357

3729

90125

1903

65071

69210

22623

26804

35805

204334

36510

7344

43497

22849

3092

83887

1517

74009

69231

20119

28280

38896

208749

45644

6748

54625

27290

2912

93986

1627

89817

71531

19684

25746

43351

218426

50902

6748

68616

24273

3883

86613

1294

104621

67946

19369

28064

45095

231311

53607

7143

86006

25455

3666

71676

1989

127442

71442

16735

27989

44860

231296

61968

7286

91391

27432

3457

63211

1554

171434

68747

11900

29716

53359

243588

64575

7373

98054

29498

3621

53111

1627

196986

65821

7791

31513

73686

252189

73882

6425

101344

27069

4272

47370

1414

202595

61841

China

India

Indonesia

South Africa

Table 3.17: World brown coal exports - selected countries Poland Canada 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008e

USA

AusCotralia lombia

(thousand tonnes) Vene- Russia Kazakh- Ukraine zuela stan

201

-

30

-

-

-

x

x

x

-

-

-

-

1

-

37

-

-

-

x

x

x

-

-

-

-

1

-

32

-

-

-

x

x

x

-

-

-

-

-

7

-

-

-

-

x

x

x

-

-

-

-

-

10

-

-

-

-

x

x

x

-

-

-

-

193

9

70

-

-

-

3134

-

1433

-

-

-

-

1275

10

45

-

-

-

2979

-

348

-

-

-

-

1063

9

46

-

-

-

2896

-

-

-

-

-

-

909

29

-

-

-

-

1321

-

-

-

-

-

-

719

51

-

-

-

-

232

266

-

-

-

-

-

368

-

-

-

-

-

2171

202

-

-

-

-

-

45

11

-

-

-

-

2059

232

1

-

-

-

-

37

-

2

-

-

-

883

223

-

-

-

-

-

23

-

293

-

-

-

1620

109

-

-

-

-

-

13

-

47

-

-

-

1604

73

-

-

-

-

-

9

-

55

-

-

-

1592

147

9

-

-

65

-

15

78

83

-

-

-

1245

299

-

-

-

210

-

41

120

122

-

-

-

783

87

3

-

-

157

-

36

109

120

-

-

-

1317

184

2

-

-

349

-

27

117

192

-

-

-

315

211

2

-

-

1435

-

8

140

211

-

-

-

552

212

-

-

-

1413

-

-

251

179

-

-

-

539

248

-

-

-

2941

-

-

364

314

-

-

-

584

225

-

-

-

4278

-

1

1516

263

-

-

-

361

120

20

-

-

11787

-

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.38 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II

Table 3.18: World coking coal Exports - regional aggregates

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008e

(thousand tonnes) Europe Former North USSR America

World

OECD

Non OECD

Latin America

Asia

Aus. + N.Z.

Africa

171237

152492

18745

25596

11000

166686

144745

21941

23834

13000

77198

-

2604

49697

5142

71306

-

3074

49605

174310

146920

27390

22506

5867

19000

69382

-

3635

55032

191276

161929

29347

4755

21788

21000

83895

-

3331

56246

191948

164800

5016

27148

21286

20000

87800

-

2987

55714

209032

4161

162292

46740

19781

39348

84425

-

3759

58086

3633

201968

169976

31992

16485

24136

87432

-

4333

66059

3523

203048

161704

41344

16339

31664

77034

-

4592

68331

5088

186032

161109

24923

17422

14077

68967

-

5979

74722

4865

196261

158390

37871

15843

24848

70007

-

7259

72540

5764

196144

169662

26482

18219

10692

75819

-

9484

75625

6305

195057

170142

24915

14826

8078

76758

-

10704

78558

6133

198820

175094

23726

12982

9865

77406

-

8211

84706

5650

185727

165747

19980

10267

6723

71075

-

8090

84405

5167

185376

161877

23499

10456

6601

58092

-

14366

93329

2532

189410

168603

20807

9747

7715

58166

-

11348

100690

1744

200954

164995

35959

8301

14792

49967

-

20194

106727

973

187762

156601

31161

7640

9508

42503

-

20894

106458

759

198425

159546

38879

6767

9868

43755

-

28427

109024

584

196428

167676

28752

6761

12632

48196

-

15199

112723

917

213038

185601

27437

6663

10774

52711

-

16106

126227

557

220916

180273

40643

8092

10867

50149

-

29046

122032

730

238782

195578

43204

7301

10436

55166

-

31911

133178

790

261847

209638

52209

4973

15895

65242

395

35298

139485

559

Latin America

Asia

Aus. + N.Z.

Africa

3166

7363

39339

42696

5084

8965

42614

40495

8938

13157

46420

37098

11146

14387

43737

39315

14176

16102

43441

42930

15371

19834

45646

46433

18590

25138

54733

43992

16930

37177

58681

47061

21441

34381

57818

46920

22613

42168

59705

49321

22553

54451

62411

53579

28398

66800

63888

54263

32685

73257

74095

59021

35969

75794

83484

56665

36760

83276

79865

64268

43321

106492

87801

68653

46428

142197

87243

68767

43854

145645

99808

69106

52392

164854

101935

71461

57650

190474

107611

67588

60833

206813

107415

71431

69396

232067

111984

68588

71995

256953

112424

65593

79992

241875

115265

61373

Table 3.19: World steam coal Exports - regional aggregates World

OECD

Non OECD

(thousand tonnes) Europe Former North USSR America

1985 178955 105530 73425 31963 20200 34228 1986 183456 106186 77270 31756 22400 32142 1987 180259 102127 78132 26338 18700 29608 1988 196255 106007 90248 28144 25400 34126 1989 198057 105049 93008 25094 19800 36514 1990 295141 112918 182223 24778 100586 42493 1991 289139 120620 168519 20405 80800 45481 1992 281680 120129 161551 17359 60386 44086 1993 252931 100670 152261 15936 49521 26914 1994 253682 110768 142914 24636 28814 26425 1995 296274 126755 169519 25839 38938 38503 1996 318910 128955 189955 25284 40496 39781 1997 342334 136358 205976 27353 41011 34912 1998 362301 151357 210944 32664 42517 35208 1999 360193 135585 224608 27219 40288 28517 2000 422744 143993 278751 29271 60280 26926 2001 465237 149981 315256 39008 57869 23725 2002 470651 152007 318644 32089 60040 20109 2003 518087 154408 363679 29062 74962 23421 2004 559037 159181 399856 30672 84140 20902 2005 598710 155271 443439 27401 104365 20452 2006 643374 161878 481496 27190 111446 22703 2007 684076 168760 515316 28419 120775 27917 2008e 675905 175420 500485 20281 117162 39957 Note: Prior to 1990 excludes trade within former USSR and former Yugoslavia.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.39

Table 3.20: World coking coal exports - selected countries Poland Canada 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008e

USA

AusCotralia lombia

(thousand tonnes) Vene- Russia Kazakh- Ukraine zuela stan

China

India

Indonesia

South Africa

14450

22483

54715

49382

-

-

x

x

x

2500

-

103

5142

13976

21431

49874

49323

-

-

x

x

x

2988

-

86

5867

13639

22436

46882

54733

-

-

x

x

x

3579

-

56

4755

13381

27609

56200

55881

-

-

x

x

x

3241

-

90

5016

11467

28677

59083

55228

-

-

x

x

x

2896

-

91

4161

11226

26851

57568

57750

-

-

31573

-

7775

3473

-

286

3633

9767

28786

58645

65450

-

-

15633

-

8503

3840

-

493

3523

10781

23124

53910

67561

-

-

24322

-

7342

3700

-

892

5088

12829

23921

45044

73941

-

-

6729

4247

3101

4283

-

1696

4843

10694

27066

42941

71496

-

-

17367

3375

4106

4906

254

2099

5764

12296

28564

47255

74291

-

-

8693

1999

-

6744

329

2411

6305

9886

28722

48036

76968

-

-

6538

1509

31

7487

188

3029

6133

9138

30092

47314

83462

-

-

8450

1371

44

4601

272

3338

5650

6506

28353

42722

83312

-

-

6440

271

12

4855

385

2850

5167

6635

28946

29146

91996

-

-

6400

184

17

5246

774

8346

2517

5290

28386

29780

99161

-

-

7300

393

22

6470

624

4254

1744

3813

26914

23053

104935

-

-

14431

361

-

11445

879

7870

970

3521

22964

19539

104526

-

-

9196

309

3

13295

163

7436

759

2710

23716

20039

106814

-

-

9470

374

24

13135

158

15134

584

3036

23847

24349

110815

-

-

11935

280

417

5757

114

9328

917

3151

26710

26001

123896

-

-

9983

282

509

5260

46

10800

524

3601

25203

24946

119312

-

-

10007

330

530

4344

107

24595

672

2363

25968

29198

131164

-

-

10019

299

118

2543

36

29332

765

1563

26643

38599

136924

318

-

15501

1

40

4652

281

29575

559

China

India

Indonesia

South Africa

Table 3.21: World steam coal exports - selected countries Poland Canada 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008e

USA

AusCotralia lombia

(thousand tonnes) Vene- Russia Kazakh- Ukraine zuela stan

21674

4895

29333

39259

3166

-

x

x

x

5270

210

978

42488

20964

4473

27669

42614

5084

-

x

x

x

6829

160

856

40318

16583

4304

25304

46419

8938

-

x

x

x

9951

170

836

36945

18959

4123

30003

43737

10121

1025

x

x

x

12405

200

947

39154

17476

4140

32374

43441

12487

1689

x

x

x

12442

160

2455

42770

16839

4149

38344

45646

13505

1834

24478

51480

14442

13817

100

4585

46267

12697

5317

40164

54733

16379

2196

21769

51963

4219

16161

110

7122

43834

11761

5041

39045

58681

14614

2309

16178

42459

-

19663

130

15166

46971

10139

4353

22558

57811

17616

3825

19152

29574

-

15532

100

16543

46868

17001

4629

21795

59705

18437

4135

5733

22625

-

19288

419

19806

49074

19572

5429

33074

62411

18274

4242

17570

18769

2400

21873

322

28911

53371

19034

5726

34040

63888

24781

3617

18803

19331

2258

28998

290

33414

54091

20328

6438

28474

74095

27580

5105

15043

23486

2330

30730

268

38389

58550

21549

5830

29376

83484

30061

5908

17602

23023

1869

27442

438

44356

56133

17467

4593

23855

79865

29932

6828

21309

16841

2121

32191

382

46972

63718

17955

3696

23226

87801

35391

7930

29437

28540

2298

48587

668

53070

68166

19216

2704

21013

87243

38868

7560

27122

26996

3729

78680

1024

57201

68240

19102

3840

16266

99808

36510

7344

34301

22540

3089

70592

1354

66573

68472

17409

4564

18857

101935

45644

6748

45155

26916

2888

80851

1469

74683

70947

16648

1899

19002

107611

50902

6748

56681

23993

3466

80856

1180

95293

67029

16218

1354

19094

107415

53607

7143

76023

25173

3157

66416

1943

116642

70918

13134

2786

19914

111984

61968

7286

81384

27102

2927

58867

1447

146839

68075

9537

3748

24161

112424

64575

7373

88035

29199

3503

50568

1591

167654

65056

6228

4870

35087

115265

73564

6425

85843

27068

4232

42718

1133

173020

61282

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.40 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II

Table 3.22: OECD coke oven coke exports (1) (thousand tonnes)

Australia

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

-

122

11

574

334

22

260

1

-

-

-

Austria

82

2

5

1

1

1

42

4

3

5

5

Belgium

469

768

847

915

557

293

82

20

179

102

92

Canada

368

80

22

193

334

300

130

154

103

178

120

3467

2450

1927

1451

1409

948

958

913

956

807

888

Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany

-

-

1

-

-

-

2

-

-

-

-

24

5

13

1

2

-

-

-

-

3

3

1012

870

553

383

307

711

850

643

701

796

993

10197

7692

6038

2945

287

75

98

75

88

122

167

Greece

31

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Hungary

103

-

-

-

420

183

80

53

211

269

251

Iceland

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Ireland

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Italy

628

747

451

201

130

123

244

229

220

215

239

Japan

600

2068

4055

1880

3428

2593

2035

1674

1966

1382

944

Korea

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Luxembourg

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mexico

-

79

95

4

1

2

2

2

3

3

3

680

702

880

829

1089

830

346

358

810

566

366

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Norway

51

36

122

5

-

2

-

2

-

-

1

Poland

2780

1770

1639

3662

3331

3691

5258

4624

6310

6337

5988

16

-

-

11

74

80

-

-

-

-

-

-

13

23

-

58

59

54

138

138

140

227

Netherlands New Zealand

Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey

2

3

11

42

81

744

985

610

1047

1053

624

11

114

77

41

67

29

35

35

26

27

33

-

-

-

4

-

-

-

-

7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

665

1265

1163

435

264

381

142

119

168

257

185

1266

1879

1018

519

680

1039

1196

1585

1466

1310

1777

IEA Europe

20218

16437

13750

10926

8077

8150

9176

7823

10864

10699

10062

OECD Europe

20218

16437

13750

10926

8077

8150

9176

7823

10864

10699

10062

IEA North America

1634

1959

1040

712

1014

1339

1326

1739

1569

1488

1897

OECD North America

1634

2038

1135

716

1015

1341

1328

1741

1572

1491

1900

600

2190

4066

2454

3762

2615

2295

1675

1966

1382

944

22452

20586

18856

14092

12853

12104

12797

11237

14399

13569

12903

OECD Total 22452 20665 18951 14096 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

12854

12106

12799

11239

14402

13572

12906

United Kingdom United States

OECD Pacific IEA Total

(1) Solid product obtained from carbonization of coal, principally coking coal, used mainly in the iron and steel industry. (1) Also includes coke and semi-coke made from lignite. (1) For further information, see Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.41

4. PRICES

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.43

Table 4.1: Japan coking coal import costs Total(1) (all sources) 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Note:

55.05 58.39 60.72 60.61 57.86 55.39 51.91 55.03 56.39 55.19 50.98 42.95 39.46 41.13 42.14 41.73 61.40 88.80 93.10 88.43 184.13

(average unit value, CIF, US$/t) Australia Canada USA

South

Russia(2)

China

50.14 54.65 57.45 56.86 55.80 54.37 51.80 54.81 57.21 57.09 54.63 45.17 43.62 45.52 45.59 46.05 67.98 114.96 116.69 105.45 250.90

46.06 52.08 54.38 53.22 51.66 50.52 47.03 49.49 51.88 49.98 46.78 40.01 37.12 39.35 38.97 39.09 72.57 100.45 91.98 100.91 256.42

Africa 48.31 52.58 55.27 56.64 53.55 51.49 47.89 51.15 54.07 52.73 49.47 41.83 39.01 40.96 43.32 43.56 56.85 96.44 106.20 96.03 206.71

67.36 69.73 71.27 71.85 70.98 67.12 64.65 64.49 64.44 64.84 59.73 51.05 45.46 47.30 50.50 51.64 62.04 106.05 125.68 112.61 234.34

60.35 63.34 66.90 66.16 63.68 61.82 59.34 61.37 61.05 61.24 59.53 55.79 52.69 47.81 52.07 42.93 163.61 159.01 159.35 516.32 308.56

42.55 47.68 50.11 51.94 52.36 46.78 46.93 49.54 50.94 49.64 47.06 39.74 39.99 47.09 x x x x x x x

It should be noted that as a result of the import coal classification system used by Japanese customs authorities, most imports of Indonesian coal are recorded by customs as coking coal even though most of the coal is not used in the metallurgical industry. As this coal has a lower unit value than coking coal reported in other categories, the data presented in the Total column in this table, from 1991 onwards, tend to understate the total average unit value of coals imported into Japan for metallurgical use. Prior to 1991, the volume of imports reported by customs in this manner was not so large as to significantly affect the total averages.

Table 4.2: EU coking coal import costs from selected countries

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Total(1) (all sources) 56.95 58.09 65.01 61.75 60.95 55.82 55.97 58.49 59.74 57.99 54.53 48.97 47.88 53.56 56.63 59.61 78.12 109.61 125.86 125.73 197.84

(Average Unit Value, CIF, US$/t) Australia Canada USA 53.10 53.87 67.29 60.84 60.76 55.67 55.56 57.03 59.72 57.97 55.00 47.33 45.45 51.24 55.52 58.03 73.63 114.89 135.52 127.74 220.54

52.85 57.32 64.53 60.80 61.51 55.40 52.42 57.02 58.52 57.61 54.18 45.58 45.92 54.59 56.90 61.31 76.64 113.81 137.66 129.45 220.91

57.30 58.38 63.07 61.65 61.22 57.13 58.22 61.20 62.03 60.08 58.53 54.14 52.91 58.54 61.48 64.18 84.75 110.91 123.44 126.95 175.35

South

Russia(2)

Poland

Africa 39.86 36.57 58.81 51.55 50.54 48.21 44.13 49.65 47.44 43.31 35.83 36.21 39.09 42.10 38.69 39.20 61.31 71.77 66.18 96.82 141.18

50.68 53.49 57.44 51.33 47.95 36.22 46.11 56.00 59.88 54.93 51.08 57.96 42.02 58.89 58.11 47.45 86.41 86.05 81.34 92.15 147.83

54.82 56.77 63.98 59.20 59.64 54.09 53.55 59.26 61.11 61.02 52.52 47.48 50.43 51.58 50.15 62.24 108.71 138.92 118.82 139.47 245.85

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes (Table 21 and Table 19) (1) Weighted average based only on imports for which prices are available. Calculated average prices may not be comparable (1) from one year to the next due to differing components. (2) Former USSR prior to 1991.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.44 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II

Table 4.3: Japan steam coal import costs

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Total(1) (all sources) 42.64 48.84 50.97 50.43 48.47 45.92 43.88 47.85 49.29 45.26 40.68 35.87 34.59 37.95 36.95 34.93 51.48 62.73 63.33 70.92 125.42

Australia 43.34 49.78 52.23 51.68 49.29 46.31 44.92 48.87 50.24 45.59 40.80 36.12 34.59 38.32 37.39 35.13 50.20 61.90 63.90 71.03 127.23

(average unit value, CIF, US$/t) USA South Russia(2) 48.05 52.78 53.17 52.36 51.22 51.05 49.91 52.65 54.32 49.86 47.52 45.37 45.49 45.99 48.63 x 186.48 x 596.68 553.99 151.26

Africa 41.16 44.67 47.95 48.36 46.93 44.34 42.47 48.27 49.86 46.58 41.50 37.34 35.82 38.05 40.30 35.21 x 80.64 x 77.46 105.49

40.24 45.43 46.54 44.93 43.73 40.24 38.68 43.45 44.63 42.57 38.46 30.24 30.68 37.61 34.35 34.28 59.02 66.10 62.20 72.28 121.34

China

Canada

38.52 45.74 47.59 47.69 46.04 43.55 39.05 44.48 46.52 44.73 39.96 34.89 33.69 36.95 36.25 35.28 55.06 65.65 63.88 73.60 124.10

42.96 45.38 48.26 46.76 46.30 45.76 42.88 44.20 45.91 42.01 38.25 33.50 34.72 36.94 37.34 33.82 52.60 63.79 56.32 66.04 125.52

Table 4.4: EU steam coal import costs from selected countries (average unit value, CIF, US$/t) Australia USA South Total(1) Russia(2) (all sources) Africa 1988 46.49 43.69 54.21 37.44 38.63 1989 49.26 48.07 53.40 42.67 44.19 1990 52.64 52.03 54.69 45.18 44.69 1991 50.69 49.14 51.51 45.31 42.54 1992 48.59 50.07 50.69 42.48 39.50 1993 37.99 38.85 46.96 32.86 24.10 1994 40.35 40.74 46.05 36.18 36.67 1995 47.51 45.06 49.12 43.76 42.55 1996 45.62 48.25 48.03 42.23 42.48 1997 43.52 46.38 48.47 40.33 39.84 1998 39.72 40.03 46.99 36.30 37.23 1999 34.43 36.68 40.67 31.78 30.96 2000 35.22 39.04 41.07 33.83 33.59 2001 42.96 44.13 46.52 42.32 42.16 2002 38.69 43.28 43.48 36.65 36.79 2003 41.94 46.83 47.37 39.10 42.22 2004 61.91 69.05 61.50 58.00 65.14 2005 71.27 106.40 86.75 67.64 68.46 2006 69.80 109.71 82.08 66.24 67.93 2007 82.21 103.73 97.50 80.25 79.03 2008 137.79 184.75 138.40 142.07 131.62 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes (Table 16 and Table 14)

China

Poland

Colombia

39.56 47.36 49.36 47.14 45.46 45.65 41.78 45.29 46.18 52.87 52.85 32.58 31.45 40.90 44.30 51.38 60.61 93.41 150.20 73.02 161.12

51.56 56.46 61.05 58.18 54.11 36.60 41.44 46.78 46.50 42.62 39.61 35.03 35.30 44.41 40.75 43.26 68.95 78.34 75.65 94.13 156.01

39.48 47.35 52.60 49.81 49.65 35.39 39.68 43.42 41.93 42.29 37.56 32.69 34.22 42.32 36.99 41.65 61.54 67.98 66.07 78.16 138.32

(1) Weighted average based only on imports for which prices are available. Calculated average prices may not be comparable (1) from one year to the next due to differing components. (2) Former USSR prior to 1991.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.45

Table 4.5: Steam coal export costs Exported from: To: 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Australia (FOB) Total Japan EU(1) 30.77 32.93 27.18 35.93 37.98 32.56 38.34 40.03 35.25 37.93 40.32 34.05 36.49 38.85 32.47 33.45 35.49 30.02 32.75 33.72 29.09 34.99 36.85 31.05 37.77 38.89 33.19 34.35 35.40 31.76 30.10 31.50 24.54 26.49 27.02 21.63 24.27 24.72 20.86 28.71 29.69 25.86 28.01 29.20 24.42 25.41 26.00 25.18 37.65 38.45 34.44 48.86 49.42 49.46 47.05 50.59 49.29 51.11 54.61 55.42 92.23 103.23 102.85

(Average Unit Value, US$/t) Canada United States (FAS) Total 34.25 37.71 40.37 40.35 38.15 34.61 31.51 32.90 35.67 32.44 30.24 25.72 24.99 26.01 28.11 35.75 44.75 53.23 45.24 50.51 97.37

Total 42.06 41.17 39.99 40.63 39.53 39.78 38.22 38.94 36.94 34.84 32.24 32.02 31.84 34.51 37.70 37.00 53.93 67.09 55.66 52.61 62.76

Japan 39.94 43.04 41.76 39.73 39.66 39.08 37.13 38.61 40.02 38.55 37.00 35.40 34.90 37.70 40.41 166.40 91.47 105.21 166.53 198.41 143.02

EU(1) 41.14 40.45 42.54 41.50 40.90 41.60 40.23 40.91 36.80 35.88 33.05 29.39 28.26 34.69 33.09 32.18 42.06 76.79 64.17 66.30 81.46

Colombia

Indonesia

Total .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 31.81 33.84 30.51 27.25 26.99 31.36 30.09 36.41 59.55 51.89 51.92 57.76 120.27

Total .. .. 42.75 42.23 41.22 38.52 36.40 42.71 42.71 39.90 35.82 31.00 29.60 32.07 29.98 25.00 38.00 44.50 47.25 60.91 115.48

Colombia

Indonesia

S. Africa Total 27.27 29.36 30.53 30.19 29.53 25.38 23.89 29.20 30.63 31.47 26.37 22.77 22.63 28.59 25.82 24.47 32.77 46.46 45.90 51.06 88.19

Table 4.6: Coking coal export costs Exported from: To: 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Australia (FOB) Total Japan EU(1) 40.27 40.02 37.64 44.69 44.27 43.86 47.72 46.98 48.00 47.96 47.24 48.23 46.78 46.44 46.53 44.28 43.85 44.06 41.36 40.24 41.41 44.23 43.37 44.45 47.56 46.11 48.56 47.37 45.52 47.73 43.97 42.47 44.10 35.99 34.60 37.59 32.85 31.64 33.66 36.93 34.46 39.99 40.16 36.79 44.34 39.75 36.18 43.14 48.84 45.51 51.43 88.94 83.74 100.84 98.27 94.04 106.29 84.16 79.50 93.67 194.87 193.79 215.74

(Average Unit Value, US$/t) Canada United States (FAS) Total 53.80 56.41 59.23 57.37 57.08 52.73 48.03 48.76 51.52 50.04 46.15 38.19 34.01 43.03 43.90 44.59 51.37 96.26 109.29 98.44 209.51

Total Japan EU(1) 48.69 47.76 48.58 49.82 48.31 50.03 51.55 50.34 52.41 50.80 50.18 51.33 50.01 49.58 51.72 48.63 47.99 50.71 47.11 44.72 49.82 48.47 45.35 51.13 50.05 46.51 53.12 49.99 45.94 52.87 48.55 45.98 51.67 46.19 44.46 49.27 42.98 41.99 45.58 45.88 x 50.10 50.06 x 53.14 49.11 56.01 52.19 70.14 98.14 63.60 89.91 100.61 89.53 111.72 89.80 102.37 98.10 x 99.84 148.39 157.59 132.75

Total (2) .. .. .. 42.22 36.50 .. .. .. .. .. 31.97 31.26 33.15 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Total .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

S. Africa Total 30.35 37.37 38.84 43.31 40.35 41.16 37.48 39.66 39.68 37.72 31.39 34.38 32.09 37.81 32.43 27.91 43.15 53.00 54.94 67.93 114.58

Sources: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes (Tables 23 to 27) for Australia, Canada and the US, Latin America Coal & Power for Colombia prior to 2003, Indonesia Mineral and Coal Statistics 2004 for Indonesia prior to 2003, Coal Americas, Energy Publishing Inc. for Colombia and Indonesia 2003 onwards, Republic of S. Africa Minerals Bureau for South Africa prior to 2004, Xavier Provost, private consultant since 2004. (1) Weighted average based only on imports for which prices are available. Calculated average prices may not be comparable (1) from one year to the next due to differing components. (2) Low ash bituminous; injection grade to Japanese steel mills

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.46 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II

Table 4.7: Coking coal prices for industry (US$/tce) 1978

1980

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

29.69 .. 63.67 62.70 .. .. .. 51.84 62.91 .. .. .. 69.79 72.47 .. .. .. 105.55 .. .. .. 175.90 27.50 68.57 64.11 .. 70.23 .. 48.94 1999

29.57 .. 66.51 64.82 .. .. .. 58.46 71.78 .. .. .. 69.57 73.35 .. .. .. 131.85 .. 116.19 .. 243.16 28.29 103.43 72.84 127.61 83.99 .. 61.20 2000

.. .. 60.99 .. 49.47 .. .. 61.60 62.74 .. .. .. 64.01 66.81 .. .. .. 140.46 .. 90.07 38.08 51.65 52.83 .. .. .. 58.05 .. 53.14 2001

.. .. 57.73 .. 54.18 .. .. 62.68 62.22 .. .. .. 62.18 64.12 .. .. .. .. .. 93.98 35.16 46.28 57.53 .. .. .. 53.60 .. 52.15 2002

.. .. 56.16 .. 53.38 .. .. 54.19 58.60 .. .. .. 57.87 61.91 .. .. .. .. .. 79.82 39.80 38.48 .. .. .. .. 54.69 .. 51.62 2003

.. .. 54.21 .. 57.84 .. .. 58.42 56.65 .. .. .. 56.52 57.94 .. .. .. .. .. 80.55 54.93 37.60 .. .. .. .. 51.02 .. 50.66 2004

.. .. 57.55 .. 64.92 .. 101.01 59.55 60.34 .. .. .. 60.70 61.13 .. .. .. .. .. 89.69 60.05 43.92 .. .. .. .. 86.05 .. 51.52 2005

.. .. 57.49 .. 58.11 .. 101.95 58.50 60.96 .. .. .. 62.50 62.87 .. .. .. .. .. .. 56.20 45.25 .. .. .. .. 100.82 .. 51.52 2006

.. .. 57.58 .. 56.28 .. 106.56 55.72 60.05 .. .. .. 61.12 62.65 .. .. .. .. .. .. 49.94 42.79 .. .. .. .. 110.65 .. 51.58 2007

.. .. 55.48 .. 58.08 .. 107.06 53.43 56.13 .. .. .. 59.26 58.61 .. .. .. .. .. .. 47.08 37.82 .. .. .. .. 94.11 .. 50.15 2008

Australia .. .. Austria .. .. Belgium 49.29 47.21 Canada .. .. 56.79 50.73 Czech Republic Denmark .. .. Finland 105.93 99.78 France 47.44 45.43 Germany .. .. Greece .. .. .. .. Hungary Ireland .. .. Italy 52.70 53.26 Japan 49.64 45.29 Korea .. .. Luxembourg .. .. Mexico .. .. Netherlands .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. .. Norway Poland 38.32 39.10 Portugal 31.74 31.67 Slovak Republic .. .. Spain .. .. Sweden .. .. Switzerland .. .. 70.90 80.19 Turkey United Kingdom .. .. United States 49.91 48.41 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

.. .. 54.03 .. 55.32 .. 105.14 50.42 .. .. .. .. 58.22 46.93 .. .. .. .. .. .. 46.73 38.85 .. .. .. .. 71.75 .. 50.67

.. .. .. .. 65.73 .. 109.88 58.03 .. .. .. .. 60.99 48.88 .. .. .. .. .. .. 47.46 32.64 .. .. .. .. 86.26 .. 55.73

.. .. .. .. .. .. 126.04 59.67 .. .. .. .. 63.48 48.81 .. .. .. .. .. .. 51.92 38.73 .. .. .. .. 92.36 .. 55.15

.. .. .. .. .. .. 158.63 72.00 .. .. .. .. 81.00 69.33 72.66 .. .. .. .. .. 95.31 .. .. .. .. .. 118.78 .. 66.99

.. .. .. .. .. .. 196.65 106.19 .. .. .. .. 108.96 104.02 116.53 .. .. .. .. .. 114.57 .. .. .. .. .. 148.07 .. 91.26

.. .. .. .. .. .. 203.29 127.95 .. .. .. .. 117.95 112.09 120.23 .. .. .. .. .. 94.24 .. .. .. .. .. 161.57 .. 101.49

.. .. .. .. .. .. 225.89 119.55 .. .. .. .. 124.19 108.07 110.12 .. .. .. .. .. 111.17 .. .. .. .. .. 200.52 .. 103.44

.. .. .. .. .. .. 382.62 207.93 .. .. .. .. 199.90 220.66 247.02 .. .. .. .. .. 222.20 .. .. .. .. .. 258.70 .. 128.62

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.47

Table 4.8: Steam coal prices for industry (US$/tce) 1978

1980

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

.. 90.20 29.62 43.98 .. 76.39 51.74 61.82 98.52 93.42 .. .. 70.05 71.23 .. .. .. 57.76 36.23 39.79 .. .. 7.88 .. 77.55 68.81 .. 49.74 36.26 1999

.. 119.83 42.87 42.74 .. 95.46 77.80 107.40 120.31 119.98 50.47 .. 56.68 74.99 32.73 .. .. 62.94 41.62 62.32 .. .. 8.51 .. 93.41 95.71 86.47 91.28 41.85 2000

.. 78.62 51.69 .. 21.41 115.13 68.79 124.92 182.57 .. 100.57 .. 57.97 68.23 58.93 .. .. 58.87 .. 50.02 30.94 .. 12.16 .. 113.90 69.98 82.35 86.33 39.90 2001

.. 85.47 .. .. 25.69 115.92 66.21 134.18 206.06 .. 109.07 .. 52.09 63.45 55.40 .. .. .. .. 42.59 33.61 .. 12.77 .. .. 63.07 87.38 85.14 39.08 2002

.. 71.65 .. .. 26.70 75.90 53.56 126.83 195.74 .. 123.25 .. 53.22 67.63 53.85 .. .. .. .. 33.27 35.03 .. .. .. .. 53.54 69.97 68.02 38.71 2003

.. 70.46 .. .. 27.50 74.21 65.45 129.90 200.20 .. .. .. 51.12 57.78 53.72 .. .. .. .. 45.45 44.62 .. .. .. .. 55.73 52.26 68.61 38.76 2004

.. 82.29 .. .. 31.30 84.94 96.93 145.13 .. .. .. .. 57.35 62.00 56.01 .. .. .. .. .. 51.77 .. .. .. .. 71.06 58.81 65.61 38.59 2005

.. 74.31 .. .. 29.84 .. 89.18 142.46 .. .. .. .. 55.92 63.93 53.71 .. .. .. .. .. 52.50 .. .. .. .. 69.84 60.50 61.64 38.45 2006

.. 64.91 .. .. 27.73 .. 98.95 125.17 .. .. 62.66 .. 53.73 59.78 45.46 .. .. .. .. .. 50.53 47.43 35.95 .. .. 59.54 63.09 62.89 38.59 2007

.. 64.72 .. .. 29.43 .. 97.05 126.61 .. .. 66.26 .. 46.24 53.76 33.38 .. .. .. .. .. 57.85 35.69 35.36 .. .. 58.75 61.75 64.98 38.42 2008

Australia .. .. Austria 56.93 54.73 Belgium .. .. Canada .. .. 28.33 26.96 Czech Republic Denmark .. .. Finland 97.39 89.47 France 121.78 105.48 Germany .. .. Greece .. .. .. .. Hungary Ireland .. .. Italy 37.90 43.46 Japan 47.47 45.68 Korea 49.56 58.36 Luxembourg .. .. Mexico .. .. Netherlands .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. .. Norway Poland 49.23 48.83 Portugal 32.14 37.98 Slovak Republic 31.85 .. Spain .. .. Sweden .. .. Switzerland 55.12 60.13 57.96 53.26 Turkey United Kingdom 62.93 59.32 United States 37.60 37.77 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

.. 56.42 .. .. 28.43 .. 97.40 107.49 .. .. .. .. 50.90 49.69 51.13 .. .. .. .. .. 54.39 46.43 .. .. .. 68.67 52.41 63.69 39.02

.. 75.33 .. .. 33.87 .. 96.68 109.32 .. .. .. .. 47.01 48.29 52.96 .. .. .. .. .. 50.23 39.74 .. .. .. 61.64 69.46 65.08 39.97

.. 87.64 .. .. .. .. 113.53 130.49 .. .. .. .. 48.09 45.29 58.42 .. .. .. .. .. 56.63 47.00 .. .. .. 75.26 73.39 70.29 40.73

.. 171.25 .. .. .. .. 140.81 .. .. .. .. .. 72.13 67.16 57.88 .. .. .. .. .. 65.40 .. .. .. .. 110.08 67.16 86.76 46.79

.. 178.69 .. .. .. .. 146.63 .. .. .. .. .. 83.23 81.25 66.77 .. .. .. .. .. 71.39 .. .. .. .. 110.03 78.71 99.65 56.31

.. 181.33 .. .. .. .. 149.81 .. .. .. .. .. 78.59 87.10 61.12 .. .. .. .. .. 81.68 .. .. .. .. 111.25 79.99 99.17 61.57

.. 203.12 .. .. .. .. 166.59 .. .. .. .. .. 97.48 97.98 75.29 .. .. .. .. .. 96.83 .. .. .. .. 145.85 115.02 113.43 64.85

.. 246.52 .. .. .. .. 249.09 .. .. .. .. .. 163.22 167.62 124.80 .. .. .. .. .. 130.45 .. .. .. .. 252.48 152.51 138.93 75.60

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.48 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II

Table 4.9: Steam coal prices for electricity generation (US$/tce) 1978

1980

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

10.83 173.19 53.08 37.88 10.29 .. 51.74 .. 83.97 .. .. .. 41.32 90.58 .. .. .. 40.99 .. .. .. 31.26 4.30 42.60 50.00 .. .. 52.18 29.96 1999

14.47 176.96 62.51 48.61 11.54 55.86 77.80 56.31 100.08 .. 33.66 .. 57.37 90.23 .. .. 33.41 63.99 .. .. 3.31 44.39 4.81 69.75 91.90 .. 49.88 91.65 36.39 2000

30.35 84.42 58.83 62.48 18.16 .. 68.79 52.77 136.62 .. 76.05 57.87 66.49 98.73 .. .. 55.04 72.51 .. .. 25.81 60.18 7.61 .. .. .. 40.08 94.95 38.29 2001

.. 91.71 61.34 61.15 20.59 .. 66.21 51.70 150.89 .. 81.11 56.69 72.20 95.49 .. .. 51.43 76.37 .. .. 25.66 53.99 8.59 .. .. .. 46.80 99.64 37.27 2002

.. 84.81 54.42 .. 21.28 .. 53.56 49.22 140.59 .. 78.29 46.09 66.87 95.25 .. .. 48.07 68.71 .. .. 31.16 45.15 .. .. .. .. 56.66 78.91 36.36 2003

.. 76.78 52.55 .. 22.79 .. 65.45 49.21 143.31 .. .. 46.30 64.15 89.58 .. .. 47.79 .. .. .. 41.21 44.63 .. .. .. .. 46.35 68.90 35.58 2004

.. .. 57.28 .. 26.48 .. 96.93 55.34 163.77 .. .. 53.27 65.27 92.27 .. .. 39.17 .. .. .. 43.52 50.80 .. .. .. .. 62.46 68.61 34.58 2005

.. .. 59.85 .. 27.10 .. 89.18 54.15 56.55 .. .. 57.53 67.66 87.88 .. .. 36.19 .. .. .. 41.72 51.69 .. .. .. .. 62.04 68.06 33.82 2006

.. .. 55.95 .. 24.42 .. 59.94 53.83 49.61 .. .. 51.66 63.14 74.99 .. .. 41.14 .. .. .. 40.84 48.20 24.33 .. .. .. 54.68 68.44 33.40 2007

.. .. 44.82 .. 26.02 .. 49.45 46.68 47.17 .. .. 41.07 56.89 63.46 .. .. 39.66 .. .. .. 44.20 41.25 23.73 .. .. .. 55.64 61.89 32.86 2008

Australia .. .. Austria .. 56.94 Belgium 39.63 42.95 Canada .. 20.54 26.43 21.88 Czech Republic Denmark .. .. Finland 45.31 44.40 France 43.11 41.98 Germany 42.45 42.94 Greece .. .. .. .. Hungary Ireland 34.88 34.26 Italy .. .. Japan 55.83 51.42 Korea .. .. Luxembourg .. .. Mexico 44.02 48.69 Netherlands .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. .. Norway Poland 39.56 38.86 Portugal 36.10 34.67 Slovak Republic 20.47 .. Spain .. .. Sweden .. .. Switzerland .. .. 54.01 50.45 Turkey United Kingdom 58.20 55.02 United States 31.92 31.51 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

.. 48.41 49.46 21.27 22.10 .. 53.62 51.04 52.51 .. .. 39.99 .. 53.65 .. .. 51.94 .. .. .. 43.31 44.23 .. .. .. .. 35.92 57.50 32.33

.. 55.78 45.21 22.02 23.40 .. 50.59 48.35 46.27 .. .. 42.37 .. 49.77 .. .. 51.56 .. .. .. 44.13 37.06 .. .. .. .. 53.19 55.10 32.91

.. 68.29 47.13 24.15 .. .. 55.49 47.85 50.64 .. .. 40.16 .. .. .. .. 49.13 .. .. .. 49.33 44.00 .. .. .. .. 66.45 56.85 33.33

.. 86.09 95.02 23.34 .. .. 76.99 71.64 70.87 .. .. 75.99 .. .. 50.51 .. 56.83 .. .. .. 54.89 65.92 .. .. .. .. 90.65 73.98 35.48

.. 92.70 105.36 28.16 .. .. 82.82 84.41 80.73 .. .. 79.21 .. .. 58.44 .. 62.69 .. .. .. 65.19 77.51 .. .. .. .. 88.29 81.19 40.50

.. 98.23 82.93 30.19 .. .. 85.36 82.15 78.92 .. .. 69.22 .. .. 54.73 .. 64.79 .. .. .. 69.75 66.84 .. .. .. .. 86.87 86.73 44.47

.. 101.93 99.07 .. .. .. 96.21 94.53 91.38 .. .. 94.31 .. .. 63.96 .. 70.26 .. .. .. 79.21 87.61 .. .. .. .. 97.12 102.00 46.45

.. 131.48 171.19 .. .. .. 164.25 153.44 154.47 .. .. 112.40 .. .. 96.49 .. 80.19 .. .. .. 108.70 158.38 .. .. .. .. 113.22 148.68 54.40

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.49

5. COAL FOR OTHER USES

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.51

Table 5.1: OECD coal-fired and total electricity generating capacity, 1990 to 2007 (GW) 1990 Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

23.02 1.89 4.90 19.24 12.11 7.54 5.79 14.23 42.73 3.89 2.24 .. 0.87 9.03 40.47 .. 0.09 1.20 3.77 1.09 0.05 25.99 1.47 .. 10.41 .. 0.01 5.58 41.17 307.96

Coal 2005 28.89 2.25 4.09 .. 11.46 5.91 7.76 .. .. 4.81 1.51 .. 0.89 9.99 59.18 21.18 .. 5.38 .. 1.16 0.08 28.45 2.04 1.77 .. 2.76 .. 9.59 30.51 338.19

2006

2007

1990

28.65 2.31 2.10 .. 11.53 5.87 7.82 .. .. 4.81 1.45 .. 0.88 9.69 58.89 21.64 .. 5.38 .. 1.15 0.07 28.48 2.04 1.78 .. .. 0.21 10.67 31.22 338.39

29.42 2.38 .. .. 11.51 6.17 7.84 .. .. 4.81 1.37 .. 0.85 9.50 58.13 23.97 .. 5.38 .. 1.11 0.07 28.46 2.11 1.51 .. .. 0.28 10.67 31.42 338.70

35.50 16.69 14.14 104.14 15.28 9.14 13.22 103.41 97.75 8.51 7.18 0.94 3.81 56.56 194.73 .. 1.24 28.27 17.56 7.18 27.13 27.97 7.40 .. 43.42 34.19 16.56 16.32 73.21 733.59

Total 2005 50.89 18.91 16.10 122.84 17.41 13.35 16.47 115.79 125.03 13.31 8.59 1.54 6.27 85.50 277.32 66.54 1.66 51.07 21.80 8.88 28.43 32.26 13.39 8.26 76.57 33.39 19.12 38.84 82.38 1068.57

2006

2007

51.30 19.20 16.26 123.95 17.51 13.02 16.56 115.72 131.58 13.57 8.62 1.73 6.44 89.49 278.71 70.08 1.67 53.80 22.98 8.91 29.52 32.36 14.46 8.22 81.24 34.13 19.12 40.57 83.70 1077.76

53.51 19.46 16.38 124.72 17.56 12.61 16.70 116.55 132.59 13.69 8.54 2.36 7.49 93.60 279.15 73.37 1.67 56.25 23.80 9.13 30.32 32.50 14.99 7.35 88.90 34.30 19.22 40.84 84.49 1089.50

Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Information Note: Includes multi-fired units. Note: Includes autoproducers for all countries except Japan. Note: For further information, see Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.52 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II

Table 5.2: OECD coal and peat use for electricity production and heat sold (Mtce)

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

19.7 1.2 3.9 11.9 11.9 2.3 1.7 14.8 104.1 2.0 5.8 0.9 1.9 17.1 0.5 0.4 0.1 1.1 0.5 52.9 0.3 2.7 4.3 0.1 1.8 65.0 309.9

28.8 1.2 5.5 21.5 16.7 8.0 4.9 24.4 115.8 3.8 6.9 0.8 6.0 15.0 1.2 0.2 2.6 0.2 77.0 0.1 4.1 11.2 0.1 2.6 74.3 417.2

33.7 1.7 5.3 28.3 17.7 9.7 4.5 15.0 123.1 6.9 6.0 1.2 9.9 29.3 6.9 0.2 1.0 5.3 0.3 82.9 0.3 4.1 17.2 1.9 6.0 61.4 501.8

41.3 2.4 6.5 30.0 20.5 8.1 4.7 12.0 115.4 9.8 4.5 2.6 11.4 36.3 8.5 0.2 2.6 8.3 0.3 74.9 2.9 3.3 20.3 1.6 7.8 68.3 565.7

46.3 2.0 6.3 31.3 21.3 8.7 5.9 9.6 103.2 10.1 4.0 3.0 8.8 51.5 16.9 0.1 4.8 9.3 0.4 60.0 4.2 3.1 21.9 1.4 10.5 49.7 636.7

60.0 2.0 4.7 39.7 20.9 5.2 4.9 10.9 98.8 11.7 4.1 2.7 9.6 69.1 33.7 6.8 8.2 0.8 56.2 4.6 2.4 26.7 1.1 14.1 41.1 716.5

66.4 2.8 3.8 36.5 20.6 7.9 9.8 9.8 101.3 12.1 4.0 2.7 14.1 83.2 44.7 10.9 8.9 1.8 57.6 4.5 2.8 24.9 1.5 11.6 46.2 700.3

68.1 2.9 3.8 33.8 20.6 5.9 8.5 9.2 103.2 12.4 3.7 2.4 16.4 86.0 50.1 8.3 8.5 2.2 56.6 4.6 2.5 25.6 1.5 12.1 44.6 704.6

72.2 2.6 3.5 34.6 20.1 4.9 4.8 10.3 97.2 12.4 3.1 2.7 16.1 89.7 51.9 11.4 8.0 2.5 56.4 4.8 2.5 25.7 1.2 13.5 46.0 718.7

74.3 2.6 3.2 33.3 20.1 7.6 8.5 8.9 99.4 11.4 2.9 2.5 19.1 87.5 54.0 10.1 7.7 2.5 58.4 4.7 2.4 22.0 1.2 16.2 50.5 707.0

73.1 2.4 3.1 38.1 22.0 6.3 8.0 9.6 102.9 11.9 3.1 2.3 16.7 91.7 54.5 10.9 8.3 1.6 57.0 3.9 2.2 25.1 1.1 19.0 46.4 717.5

IEA Europe OECD Europe IEA North America OECD North America OECD/IEA Pacific

279.3 279.3 321.7 321.8 37.8

366.1 366.1 438.7 438.7 45.2

380.2 380.2 530.1 531.0 70.2

385.8 385.8 595.8 598.3 86.4

343.2 343.2 668.0 672.8 115.1

330.0 330.0 756.2 763.1 163.6

346.8 346.8 736.8 747.8 196.1

345.1 345.1 738.4 746.8 206.4

335.8 335.8 753.3 764.7 216.3

349.3 349.3 740.3 750.5 218.3

351.1 351.1 755.6 766.5 220.9

638.8 850.0 980.5 1068.0 IEA Total 638.9 850.0 981.4 1070.6 OECD Total Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1126.2 1131.0

1249.9 1256.7

1279.7 1290.7

1289.9 1298.3

1305.4 1316.8

1307.9 1318.1

1327.6 1338.5

Source: For further information, see Principles and Definitions . Note: "Coal" refers to all coal types, primary (including hard and brown coal), peat and derived fuels (including patent fuel, coke Note: oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, BKB, coke oven gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been Note: converted to Mtce units using calorific values largely submitted in annual questionnaires to the IEA Secretariat by OECD Note: member countries.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.53

Table 5.3: OECD coal use in coke ovens (million tonnes)

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

9.5 2.3 9.9 7.7 18.6 15.3 46.3 0.5 1.6 10.4 62.3 0.4 2.8 3.4 0.4 21.6 0.4 2.8 6.4 0.7 2.0 24.0 87.3

7.0 2.4 7.9 7.3 12.2 14.6 38.7 0.4 1.4 11.2 65.7 4.0 4.0 3.7 0.4 25.3 0.3 2.1 5.2 1.7 2.6 13.5 60.5

5.5 2.4 7.8 6.3 10.6 11.3 31.5 0.9 10.1 67.6 7.0 3.8 4.1 0.4 20.5 0.4 2.5 4.9 1.6 3.7 9.7 37.2

5.9 2.3 7.2 5.0 8.5 0.7 9.5 24.1 1.0 8.6 65.2 11.7 2.9 3.8 18.2 0.3 2.9 4.5 1.5 4.7 10.1 35.3

5.9 1.9 4.7 4.2 6.6 1.7 7.7 13.7 1.4 6.7 60.8 14.1 2.7 4.0 15.4 0.5 2.4 3.3 1.6 4.2 8.1 29.9

4.8 1.9 3.9 4.2 4.6 1.3 6.5 11.4 1.3 6.4 57.4 16.4 2.7 3.0 12.3 0.5 2.2 3.6 1.8 4.2 8.2 26.0

4.7 1.9 3.6 4.2 4.6 1.3 6.1 9.5 0.8 4.9 59.5 15.6 2.4 3.1 13.8 2.4 3.6 1.7 4.0 5.7 19.6

5.1 1.9 3.6 4.4 4.6 1.3 5.9 10.3 0.8 4.8 59.0 16.0 2.4 3.1 13.6 2.4 3.9 1.8 4.3 5.5 18.9

5.4 1.9 3.4 4.3 4.3 1.3 5.8 10.2 0.8 5.1 59.4 15.4 2.4 3.2 11.2 2.4 3.6 1.8 4.2 5.6 18.4

4.7 1.9 3.7 4.3 4.3 1.2 5.9 10.4 1.3 5.8 59.9 15.1 2.5 3.0 12.8 2.4 3.7 2.2 4.7 5.9 18.6

4.7 1.9 3.4 4.3 4.1 1.2 6.0 10.4 1.5 5.9 59.7 15.5 2.5 3.1 13.5 2.4 3.7 2.0 4.4 5.9 18.2

IEA Total 333.5 288.1 246.0 231.2 OECD Total 336.3 292.1 249.8 234.0 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

199.0 201.7

181.8 184.5

170.5 172.9

171.3 173.7

167.7 170.1

171.8 174.3

172.0 174.5

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

Source: For further information, see Principles and Definitions .

Table 5.4: World consumption of pulverised coal injection (PCI) coals 2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

744 2061 2287 697 11045 4663 1235 686 404 495 398 665 1988 215 2328

646 1990 3060 771 11097 5005 1330 780 380 360 363 815 1850 336 2428

591 2103 2641 955 10416 5065e 1406 864 385 405 423 821 1733 231 2059

479 2373 2770 1154 10440 5481 1472 798 377 493 417 975 1252 233 2160

469 2541 2975 1299 10670 5603 1289 814 470 362 426 1000 1408 198 2266

403 2453 3115 829 11594 6284 1559 788 468 568 426 1109 1550 198 2377

11598 27830 27988 28617 29526 29911 31211 30108 30874 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

31790

33987

Total World

1998

1999

414 1085 1730 170 5252 .. 619 642 178 .. 182 656 183 487 ..

998 1746 2221 1058 10296 2433 1207 648 284 384 262 559 2981 356 2397

1022 1956 2284 972e 10565 2554 1167 685 320 496 285 483 2731e 231 2237

(thousand tonnes) 2000 2001

2002

Belgium France Germany Italy Japan Korea Netherlands New Zealand Slovakia Spain Sweden United Kingdom United States Colombia India

1990

975 2033 2530 941 10936 3031 1045 668 351 543 271 451 2500e 231 2111

933 1840 2262 714 11165 3741 1207 701 488 575 442 683 2425e 231 2119

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.55

6. CHARTS

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.57

Chart 1: World steam and coking coal production (million tonnes) 7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

Hard coal

Steam coal

Coking coal

Chart 2: World steam and coking coal trade (million tonnes) 800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

Steam coal exports

Coking coal exports

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.58 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II

Chart 3: Coking coal price CIF Japan and CIF EU member states (US$/t) 250

200

150

100

50

0 1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

CIF Japan

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2002

2004

2006

2008

CIF EU member states

Chart 4: Steam coal price CIF Japan and CIF EU member states (US$/t) 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

CIF Japan

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1994

1996

1998

2000

CIF EU member states

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.59

Chart 5: Steam coal price US FOB vs. US domestic (US$/t) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1973

1978

1983

1988

1993

US domestic

1998

2003

2008

US FOB

Chart 6: Steam coal price CIF EU member states (US$/t) and US exports (million tonnes) 45

160

40

140

120

30 100 25 80 20

US$/t

Million tonnes

35

60 15 40

10

20

5 0 1980

0 1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

US export volume

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

CIF EU member states

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.60 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II

Chart 7: OECD total primary energy supply (Mtce)

9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1973

1980

1990

Coal

Oil

2000

Gas

2005

Nuclear

2006

Hydro

2007

2008e

Others

Chart 8: OECD coal consumption and indicators 2000=100

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1973

1978

1983

1988

1993

GDP

Industrial production

Coal supply

Electricity generation

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1998

2003

Total TPES

2008e

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.61

Chart 9: Japan steam coal supply, Imports, GDP annual growth rates 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% -5% 1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

Steam coal import

2000

2002

2004

Steam coal supply

2006

2008e

GDP

Chart 10: EU member states steam coal supply, Imports, GDP annual growth rates

25%

5%

20% 4%

3%

% change

10% 5%

2% 0% 1%

-5%

% change GDP

15%

-10% 0% -15% -20% 1990

1992

1994

1996

Steam coal import

1998

2000

2002

Steam coal supply

2004

2006

-1% 2008e

GDP

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.62 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II

Chart 11: Hard coal production by region (million tonnes) 6000 5500 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1984

1986

1988

Europe

1990

1992

Former USSR

1994

1996

North America

1998

2000

Latin America

2002

Asia

2004

Aus. + N.Z.

2006

2008e

Africa

Chart 12: Hard coal consumption by region (million tonnes)

6000 5500 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1984

1986

1988

Africa

1990

Aus. + N.Z.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1992

Asia

1994

1996

Latin America

1998

2000

North America

2002

2004

Former USSR

2006

Europe

2008e

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART II - II.63

Chart 13: Hard coal imports by region (million tonnes) 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1984

1986

1988

Africa

1990

Aus. + N.Z.

1992

Asia

1994

1996

Latin America

1998

2000

North America

2002

2004

Former USSR

2006

2008e

Europe

Chart 14: Hard coal exports by region (million tonnes)

1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1984

1986

1988

Africa

1990

Aus. + N.Z.

1992

Asia

1994

1996

Latin America

1998

2000

North America

2002

2004

Former USSR

2006

2008e

Europe

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.1

PART III DETAILED OECD COAL DATA

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.3

DIRECTORY OF PART III CHARTS AND TABLES Part III of Coal Information contains detailed statistical information on coal for all 30 Member countries of the OECD and for regional aggregates (OECD Total, OECD North America, OECD/IEA Pacific, OECD Europe, IEA Total, IEA North America, IEA Europe). The charts and tables of regional aggregates are presented before the country tables which are set out in alphabetical order. Data for each OECD and IEA region and country are illustrated in charts at the beginning of each section. This is followed by detailed statistical information presented in several tables for each region and country. It should be noted that not all tables are shown for all countries. For example, in the case where a country has no or very few coal exports, the related tables (on volumes and values) are omitted. The content of current charts and tables is described below.

Charts: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Total primary energy supply by fuel Coal supply indicators Primary coal supply Coal consumption Electricity generation by fuel CO2 emissions by fuel

Tables: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel Energy supply, GDP and population Coal production by type Final consumption of energy by fuel Coal balance Use of coal for selected end-uses Fuel prices to end users Coal trade by type of coal Hard coal imports by origin Coking coal exports by destination Steam coal exports by destination Coal import values by origin Coal export values by destination

Interpreting energy data and comparing statistics between countries is made difficult by differences in definitions used by countries in the collection and reporting of data. In the section Principles and Definitions such differences are explained. The conventions used by the Secretariat in presenting energy data are also reported. In particular, readers are strongly advised to read the country notes. Conversion factors are also included for reference.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.5

SPECIAL NOTES FOR CHARTS AND TABLES In each table hard coal is the sum of coking coal and steam coal. Data for 2008 are provisional with the exception of Tables 7, 12 and 13 where data for 2008 are final. US$ refers to dollars used in the United States of America.

Chart 1: Total primary energy supply by fuel Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics and Energy Balances of OECD Countries, 2009 Edition. Units: All data shown are in millions tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce).

Chart 2: Coal supply indicators Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics and Energy Balances of OECD Countries, 2009 Edition. Units: All flows shown are indices with base year 1970=100.

Chart 3: Primary coal supply Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics and Energy Balances of OECD Countries, 2009 Edition. Units: All data shown are in millions tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce).

Chart 4: Coal consumption Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics and Energy Balances of OECD Countries, 2009 Edition. Units: All data shown are in millions tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce).

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics and Energy Balances of OECD Countries, 2009 Edition. Units: All data shown are in terawatt hours (TWh).

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel Source: IEA/OECD CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, 2008 Edition. Units: All data shown are in million tonnes of CO2 (Sectoral Approach).

Table 1: Total primary energy supply (TPES) by Fuel Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, 2009 Edition. Units: All data shown are in million tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce).

Table 2: Energy supply, GDP and population Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, 2009 Edition. Units: GDP is shown in billions of 2000 US$, TPES/GDP is tce/thousands 2000 US$. Population is shown in millions, TPES/population in tce/capita. Electricity generation is shown in TWh. All other flows are indices, with base year 2000 = 100.

Table 3: Coal production by type Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, 2009 Edition, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, 2009 Edition. Units: First part of table is shown in Mtce; second part is the corresponding amount in million tonnes. Country specific net calorific values are used for conversion.

Table 4: Final consumption of energy by fuel and Table 5: Coal balance Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, 2009 Edition. Units: All data shown are in million tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce). INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.6 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Table 6: Use of coal for selected end-uses

Table 8: Coal trade by type of coal

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, 2009 Edition.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, 2008 Edition, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, 2009 Edition.

Units: All data shown are in millions tonnes.

Table 7: Fuel prices to end users Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices and Taxes. Units: First part of table is shown in nominal United States Dollars per tce. Second part of table is shown in a country specific national currency or nominal US Dollars for regional totals per unit (for coals and oils per metric tonnes, for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV). Note: Prices for regional totals are calculated as weighted average of available price data in the region and therefore prices shown should be considered only indicative. Consumption is used as weight. Data are converted from unit prices to tce using the country specific calorific values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Units: All data shown are in millions tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce).

Table 9: Hard coal imports by origin, Table 10: Coking coal exports by destination and Table 11: Steam coal exports by destination Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. Units: All data shown are in thousand tonnes.

Table 12: Coal import values by origin and Table 13: Coal export values by destination Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. Units: Average Unit price in US$ per tonne. CIF price for imports and FOB price for exports. Note: On occasion shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import or export costs.

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.7

OECD Total* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 120

9000 8000

100

7000 80

6000 5000

60

4000 3000

40

2000

20

1000 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 1800

1800

1600

1600

1400

1400

1200

1200

1000

1000

800

800

600

600

400

400

200

200

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1977

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 12000

14000

10000

12000 10000

8000

8000 6000 6000 4000

4000

2000

2000

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

1983 Oil

1989

1995 Gas

2001

2007

Other

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.8 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

OECD Total 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

TPES (Mtce) 5320.45 5787.07 6397.46 Coal and peat 1204.78 1378.59 1521.11 Oil 2792.51 2761.05 2644.41 Gas 1008.33 1110.34 1199.47 Comb. renew/waste 122.91 155.47 201.70 Nuclear 70.31 231.79 642.87 Hydro 112.09 133.26 143.73 Geothermal 8.68 14.55 38.59 Solar, wind, tide 0.07 0.10 2.67 Net electricity trade(1) 0.77 1.93 2.88 Heat(2) 0.03 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

7499.64 1563.24 2987.47 1647.23 251.33 835.63 161.97 43.63 8.23 0.38 0.54

7802.55 1626.98 3048.59 1732.56 296.07 877.15 158.30 40.96 19.47 1.79 0.69

7853.04 1653.83 3014.79 1798.44 315.83 846.26 154.61 43.39 24.15 1.07 0.68

7762.45 1624.02 2898.38 1839.88 320.02 845.43 158.80 44.91 29.08 1.30 0.64

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 1.09 1.38 -0.32 1.03 2.96 13.90 1.47 9.17 24.04 8.03 -

1.21 0.49 0.77 2.41 2.67 1.63 0.43 0.69 13.82 -5.64 20.72

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

12192 14765 20004 25824 29379 30110 0.44 0.39 0.32 0.29 0.27 0.26 Population (millions) 902.1 964.6 1043.6 1129.9 1177.4 1185.3 TPES/population(1) 5.90 6.00 6.13 6.64 6.63 6.63 TPES/GDP(2) 150.3 135.0 110.1 100.0 91.4 89.8 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 163.2 154.2 125.6 100.0 91.5 90.7 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 96.5 100.5 99.6 100.0 96.3 96.1 Elec. generation (TWh) 4454 5644 7569 9619 10461 10645 Industrial production(2) .. 60.7 76.9 100.0 108.9 112.2 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

30352 0.26 1191.6 6.51 88.1 88.4 .. 10633 110.2

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 2.96 -1.81 0.86 0.23 -1.81 -1.53 0.19 3.17 -

2.43 -1.19 0.75 0.46 -1.19 -1.90 -0.21 2.03 2.25

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

290.52 740.20 213.08 2.30

304.93 845.73 230.24 2.67

279.74 959.64 272.07 4.96

228.09 938.52 215.09 3.38

225.81 1000.60 216.42 6.00

246.13 988.84 218.03 2.62

250.28 996.66 215.16 2.90

-0.31 2.19 2.06 6.61

-0.75 0.18 -1.29 -3.68

Mt: Coking coal 296.47 310.10 282.54 235.27 235.60 257.13 261.67 Steam coal 890.40 1025.03 1165.10 1152.60 1264.14 1253.16 1263.51 Brown coal 666.16 699.43 814.28 620.84 621.82 626.15 617.35 Peat 8.05 9.34 14.68 10.36 17.65 7.76 8.56 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

-0.40 2.27 1.69 5.13

-0.55 0.43 -1.53 -3.68

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.9

OECD Total 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

4008.13 408.12 2253.24 736.48 118.56 0.51 461.64 29.59

4179.52 355.34 2230.79 812.12 147.30 0.73 0.04 582.27 50.93

4405.53 328.07 2262.18 843.47 126.88 2.96 2.04 782.24 57.69

5151.72 196.08 2616.37 1063.47 185.54 3.98 4.41 1013.73 68.14

5364.83 186.98 2728.70 1048.58 196.18 4.96 4.34 1100.66 94.43

5362.72 194.69 2711.72 1026.31 209.12 5.07 4.52 1111.21 100.09

5387.84 192.53 2677.71 1054.56 219.32 5.25 4.97 1135.65 97.82

0.56 -1.28 0.02 0.80 0.40 10.94 3.15 4.01

1.19 -3.09 1.00 1.32 3.27 3.43 5.37 2.22 3.15

1364.31 256.11 444.57 362.46 60.03 0.04 225.58 15.52

1340.07 226.51 395.06 360.98 70.11 0.04 265.33 22.05

1172.08 225.63 239.49 321.76 50.74 0.38 0.01 314.39 19.68

1286.00 168.17 203.11 402.30 98.21 0.44 0.14 391.52 22.11

1227.33 159.25 202.99 357.12 95.00 0.42 0.18 378.62 33.76

1237.38 165.94 195.26 355.74 102.57 0.42 0.18 378.64 38.63

1245.39 164.55 184.05 369.79 102.03 0.41 0.18 386.33 38.04

-0.89 -0.74 -3.57 -0.70 -0.98 13.75 1.97 1.41

0.36 -1.84 -1.54 0.82 4.19 0.52 17.74 1.22 3.95

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

989.04 10.30 946.90 24.28

1112.59 3.64 1076.08 24.22

1337.28 0.40 1299.17 26.68

1626.61 0.14 1576.64 30.87

1729.25 0.15 1667.95 30.84

1747.22 0.12 1677.83 31.17

1767.55 0.13 1686.59 33.30

1.79 -17.38 1.88 0.56

1.65 -6.50 1.55 1.31

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.00 7.55 781.07 95.33 282.44 220.01

0.00 8.64 791.21 83.53 213.05 256.00

0.00 11.03 845.85 63.90 170.33 286.17

5.75 13.21 982.74 19.39 181.49 368.27

16.27 14.05 1028.28 16.74 168.71 392.50

24.26 13.84 995.82 18.61 157.05 372.44

33.54 13.98 992.34 17.27 140.91 378.00

-2.02 2.25 0.47 -2.33 -2.93 1.56

x 1.41 0.94 -7.41 -1.11 1.65

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

38.88 0.42 132.92 11.07 406.50 24.34 186.43 104.05

41.23 0.64 0.04 177.30 19.42 419.44 26.26 151.20 113.78

54.30 1.38 1.91 240.89 26.97 503.87 22.83 121.20 144.59

73.77 2.22 3.99 305.17 28.44 616.12 4.35 115.26 187.41

76.44 2.93 3.82 345.48 21.66 669.02 5.90 113.16 199.25

73.21 3.01 3.97 346.07 21.46 664.96 5.34 101.17 196.70

74.38 3.22 4.25 353.71 20.60 666.01 5.29 88.53 202.58

1.98 7.32 3.56 5.38 1.27 -0.38 -2.50 1.95

1.87 5.08 4.82 2.29 -1.57 1.65 -8.24 -1.83 2.00

Comb. renew/waste 1.16 1.54 0.52 Geothermal 0.02 0.02 0.22 Solar, wind, tide 0.09 Electricity 89.29 123.43 206.18 Heat 1.21 3.21 8.24 Non-energy use 314.77 341.19 412.32 Coal and peat 4.42 3.27 3.15 Oil 302.45 313.63 359.05 Gas 7.90 24.30 50.12 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

3.73 0.78 0.17 293.36 11.08 524.18 2.06 464.23 57.88

6.01 1.05 0.28 333.06 10.32 551.98 2.66 499.33 50.00

6.35 1.07 0.30 343.07 10.96 556.77 2.68 504.89 49.20

6.59 1.06 0.46 350.54 10.95 557.93 3.52 504.17 50.24

-4.63 15.84 5.05 11.97 1.60 -1.98 1.01 11.48

16.14 9.67 9.88 3.17 1.69 1.79 0.65 2.02 0.01

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.10 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

OECD Total 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

1169.0 173.9 -158.7 20.6

1383.6 236.0 -214.9 -26.0

1516.4 310.8 -284.9 -21.2

1385.1 425.9 -305.5 57.8

1448.8 535.4 -332.1 -25.2

1455.6 547.2 -350.9 1.9

1465.0 540.7 -371.1 -10.6

1.5 3.5 3.5 x

-0.2 3.4 1.2 x

Primary supply

1204.8

1378.6

1521.1

1563.2

1627.0

1653.8

1624.0

1.4

0.5

Statistical difference

21.2

-19.5

5.0

5.4

-9.9

-17.6

..

x

x

Total transformation

-780.8

-975.6

-1176.1

-1352.5

-1403.3

-1422.0

..

2.4

1.1

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-638.9 -617.8 -21.1

-850.0 -786.5 -63.6

-1070.6 -1003.3 -67.3

-1256.7 -1203.1 -53.6

-1318.1 -1273.1 -44.9

-1338.5 -1293.8 -44.7

.. .. ..

3.1 2.9 7.1

1.3 1.5 -2.4

-12.0

-8.6

-6.4

-3.6

-3.7

-3.3

..

-3.7

-3.8

-129.9 2.2 -93.2 -38.1 -0.8

-116.9 1.4 -79.5 -38.9 0.1

-99.2 -1.0 -74.1 -19.5 -4.6

-92.2 -0.3 -76.6 -15.2 -0.0

-81.5 -0.5 -70.6 -14.1 3.6

-80.3 -0.4 -72.5 -12.8 5.3

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.6 -1.3 -3.9 11.2

-1.2 -5.4 -0.1 -2.5 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-

-

-33.8

-26.7

-21.1

-19.0

-17.7

-20.3

..

-2.7

-0.2

-3.3

-1.5

-0.8

-1.1

-1.4

-1.5

..

x

x

408.1

355.3

328.1

196.1

194.7

192.5

..

-1.3

-3.1

256.1 133.2 26.4 20.3 11.6

226.5 106.2 24.7 32.1 11.2

225.6 82.1 27.9 41.1 16.1

168.2 62.1 18.0 35.5 8.1

165.9 58.0 16.5 31.3 11.1

164.6 56.0 15.4 32.8 10.6

.. .. .. .. ..

-0.7 -2.8 0.3 4.2 2.0

-1.8 -2.2 -3.4 -1.3 -2.4

10.3

3.6

0.4

0.1

0.1

0.1

..

-17.4

-6.5

137.3 24.3 95.3

121.9 26.3 83.5

98.9 22.8 63.9

25.7 4.3 19.4

25.9 5.3 18.6

24.3 5.3 17.3

.. .. ..

-1.9 -0.4 -2.3

-7.9 -8.2 -7.4

Non-energy use 4.4 3.3 3.1 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2.1

2.7

3.5

..

-2.0

0.7

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.11

OECD Total 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

913.64 701.37 651.67 49.70 25.21 2.40 0.01 1.83 92.99 9.59 13.82 27.16 9.02 33.41 57.64 0.08

1024.53 809.95 758.04 51.90 26.39 2.25 0.01 1.61 101.63 8.43 17.07 33.86 9.62 32.65 55.46 0.11

1197.44 1005.29 957.44 47.85 22.83 5.97 4.41 0.38 115.64 7.14 22.51 41.34 15.77 28.89 33.37 0.33

1369.14 1233.87 1200.90 32.97 2.06 13.25 10.46 99.25 7.35 17.38 36.28 8.52 29.72 17.45 0.36

1500.50 1230.45 1203.67 26.78 122.25 13.42 9.74 94.91 9.16 14.62 31.52 11.35 28.26 17.25 0.68

1506.95 1260.05 1234.51 25.54 96.99 13.28 10.29 99.06 9.55 14.64 31.91 11.68 31.29 17.27 0.52

1536.57 1251.88 1226.01 25.87 130.12 14.06 10.13 101.10 9.45 14.16 33.72 11.38 32.39 17.39 0.72

2.28 3.05 3.26 -0.32 -0.82 7.88 75.96 -12.22 1.83 -2.43 4.15 3.56 4.77 -1.20 -4.45 12.80

1.48 1.30 1.47 -3.55 10.78 5.17 5.02 -0.79 1.66 -2.69 -1.19 -1.90 0.67 -3.76 4.70

292.81 7.14 6.19 0.95 275.47 6.91 0.26 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.18 0.28 -

308.75 10.83 9.59 1.25 289.83 0.28 6.33 0.25 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.21 0.33 -

255.48 18.23 14.32 3.91 228.07 6.71 0.26 2.14 1.63 0.01 0.49 0.16 -

205.48 13.37 10.17 3.20 171.28 15.81 2.59 0.18 0.00 0.02 2.39 0.10 0.23

190.45 12.70 10.73 1.97 2.81 156.73 18.75 0.80 0.21 0.01 0.57 0.13 0.22

194.47 12.20 9.95 2.25 2.26 161.01 19.03 0.73 0.49 0.02 0.22 0.11 0.23

198.34 13.48 11.40 2.08 2.37 160.47 21.28 0.45 0.19 0.04 0.21 0.08 0.23

-1.13 8.12 7.23 12.52 -1.56 -23.92 19.24 30.01 13.00 8.98 -4.53 -

-1.48 -1.76 -1.33 -3.64 -2.05 7.03 -8.81 -11.78 6.83 -4.85 -4.21 -

666.47 700.63 825.39 427.96 456.10 613.94 410.91 435.18 584.14 17.05 20.91 29.80 137.19 142.64 110.75 6.40 6.34 8.49 51.14 50.46 45.10 1.12 1.44 2.25 14.39 15.72 11.02 1.65 1.67 2.12 4.51 4.63 2.09 29.47 26.99 27.63 28.94 37.01 41.60 Non-energy use 0.83 0.82 0.67 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

629.83 584.84 576.18 8.66 13.13 0.00 7.02 17.14 1.00 3.52 0.90 0.58 11.14 8.82 0.16

629.47 588.70 580.57 8.12 13.33 0.00 6.88 10.66 0.89 3.43 0.56 0.51 5.28 8.07 0.21

621.23 575.08 567.03 8.05 13.73 0.00 7.10 11.70 0.84 3.41 0.68 0.43 6.34 9.33 0.20

630.26 587.85 582.36 5.48 12.88 0.00 6.82 10.77 0.80 2.04 0.87 0.45 6.62 9.54 0.20

1.80 3.05 2.97 4.76 -1.77 2.38 -1.04 6.02 -2.20 2.10 -6.21 -0.54 3.07 -1.78

-1.57 -0.26 -0.02 -9.48 -11.89 -1.28 -8.08 -5.93 -9.46 -5.11 -8.68 -8.06 -8.30 -6.86

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.12 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

OECD Total 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(US dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal .. Coking coal .. High sulphur fuel oil .. Low sulphur fuel oil .. Natural gas .. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

173.89 144.69 .. .. 5.30 23.90

235.98 209.71 125.70 84.00 5.73 20.54

310.78 289.61 139.65 149.95 7.18 0.10 13.90

425.93 399.11 134.80 264.31 5.35 0.10 21.37

515.31 485.54 136.50 349.04 5.58 0.16 24.02

502.27 477.52 132.44 345.08 5.72 0.13 18.90

535.40 510.80 136.17 374.63 5.07 0.11 19.42

547.23 522.48 140.06 382.41 5.64 0.16 18.95

540.68 513.42 140.55 372.87 7.86 0.16 19.24

Total exports 158.67 214.92 284.91 305.55 315.12 325.93 332.06 Hard coal 131.78 187.26 262.97 289.21 298.74 310.87 313.60 Coking coal .. 124.91 160.15 162.06 159.18 176.06 171.14 Steam coal .. 62.34 102.82 127.15 139.56 134.82 142.46 Brown coal / lignite 1.44 4.58 4.79 3.84 2.66 2.88 2.84 Peat 0.00 0.12 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.04 Coal products(1) 25.46 23.08 17.03 12.43 13.68 12.13 15.59 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

350.88 333.42 185.71 147.71 2.83 0.02 14.61

371.11 352.84 198.86 153.97 4.34 0.01 13.93

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.13

OECD Total 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

165001

217820

305041

441770

538284

538874

573768

590954

579966

98987 29796 11598 909 10948 6619 79 25075 116

122642 32520 11811 1072 8326 5055 66 48999 252

136493 49608 16250 774 3141 2570 65 43205 305

138570 67156 17972 3388 2 3125 24037 398

140363 68654 14050 3656 108 2955 5 18098 419

135929 65876 15011 3366 289 3253 6 19348 440

139604 68690 15484 4562 3 4053 17773 403

143779 73429 17796 4678 3246 18651 299

144188 66470 18740 3891 1 3400 23493 610

420 2566 5249 5612

979 3347 4890 5325

2803 177 714 3213 8569 5099

9557 140 6327 991 4825 26 454 80 92

14641 287 9201 456 6058 613 969 193

10111 202 9850 320 6326 548 872 111

9194 222 10622 90 6689 713 815 40 251

5967 163 10659 284 6386 654 1059 508

4114 348 17211 494 3686 82 1023 75 550

66014 4556 970 243 6716 16292 2285 9296 980

95178 9137 1099 255 4145 17258 4184 24092 1406

168548 34664 9885 327 2124 10802 2428 35894 3686

303200 77808 10649 2393 437 17721 593 21907 4308

397921 96918 6189 1801 549 15278 352 15677 3346

402945 100913 6703 1004 572 14841 298 10973 3554

434164 101184 7641 1214 435 13987 195 12983 3569

447175 105246 9976 1368 433 9511 269 13992 5222

435778 120797 4855 2143 507 6414 390 20368 6290

534 11967 3012 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other 9163 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

1503 9 21112 2638 8340

6287 10450 1000 33156 9517 1752 150 6426

34741 29234 23066 46319 20881 894 5041 1573 5635

42657 41657 47184 55933 51967 2430 6127 3591 6265

35032 47961 52903 53092 59659 3183 5108 2699 4450

31370 53857 66637 55514 69221 2696 5343 3310 5008

30244 57737 69054 49170 73545 2237 5036 3199 10936

29942 55990 56520 39868 75029 3323 3247 2820 7275

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.14 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

OECD Total 10. COKING COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

107072

126266

162292

168603

167676

185601

180273

195578

209638

90281 1283 3860 5410 8972 714 245 8393 43380 2503 286 10 3347 193 387 5126 3257 840 18 498 1402 157

111797 1131 4257 5694 144 47 9802 1916 511 6 198 9863 56488 4260 1 28 3828 332 365 4345 3517 1197 99 796 2972 -

122399 1351 7450 4018 50 330 8494 877 28 3 8734 55410 7852 3 5273 99 805 3681 4499 1568 3 2869 8230 772

127377 122 1844 4551 3501 214 1005 6629 4891 1075 48 4 7381 52798 15305 1406 4745 95 538 198 1570 4163 2128 46 3954 8626 540

117684 1713 2733 3431 462 20 1090 5657 3862 553 385 82 5 4607 49895 13986 1704 7461 32 572 88 2308 3742 1777 22 3139 6449 1909

130728 1753 3429 4034 523 1181 5535 4373 449 57 15 6494 54153 17931 1582 8020 18 592 1909 4218 1690 3599 7366 1807

124623 1547 3594 4134 944 1172 5061 4658 674 19 1 6507 52688 12277 2125 9336 1367 2353 3109 1596 3357 6606 1498

128451 1583 3363 3299 1032 719 5645 2805 580 30 6595 57550 11482 1565 10034 19 2264 2820 3323 1741 3826 6708 1468

138136 1524 4713 3266 877 228 970 5532 4029 276 499 50 68 5948 60079 14405 2193 9950 78 2117 2538 3871 1825 257 4504 6772 1567

8840 2121 1186 218 232 1348 521 951 69 2194

13350 3725 1196 1021 490 1120 808 1808 168 3014

30609 8867 3155 1009 5179 50 3915 1068 2621 1823 2922

37791 10695 7713 1211 10795 56 505 1825 1869 1316 1806

43729 8779 6749 1157 14304 311 2735 2050 6447 1197

50743 8376 8365 1414 18271 129 593 3184 2381 6363 1667

46195 9288 8937 1392 17081 194 146 881 2513 3937 1826

55935 10870 8036 1951 20334 273 543 2789 2692 4059 4388

56783 10769 6463 1737 25668 281 1998 2664 1895 2695 2613

Non-Specified/Other 7951 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

1119

9284

3435

6263

4130

9455

11192

14719

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.15

OECD Total 11. STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

49931

70198

112918

143993

159181

155271

161878

168760

175420

40497 275 2660 8782 274 4620 4095 6755 4157 1 540 1552 1732 356 52 1285 167 15 237 21 244 90 79 1081 1427

59836 438 3859 10136 2302 6260 3925 8815 6012 5 12 931 2166 5007 563 96 3596 108 33 322 983 289 318 3312 348

93309 2 1216 3778 10083 2282 5817 2815 3859 5231 33 2248 5051 30637 4352 3 188 9559 1 369 1 1572 762 1034 81 15 2095 225

120308 1312 1541 13524 864 2594 1228 3411 15020 112 279 7 1208 1430 51874 13730 93 373 3556 16 671 15 348 286 2327 253 20 110 3866 240

134569 1622 1258 12681 783 2262 1272 3274 16814 69 258 16 1626 727 60676 16886 42 2367 2698 106 592 7 781 294 1559 453 8 67 4436 935

128801 1201 1293 13644 719 1220 963 3613 13088 144 300 45 1163 409 58536 18719 38 4579 2240 56 496 82 580 257 729 443 8 178 3668 390

135252 1316 845 13951 946 1371 927 3644 16278 133 264 88 509 155 60978 21157 30 4918 1506 82 417 17 411 206 1464 366 17 2866 390

134892 1360 770 13418 1377 1053 450 3438 18035 172 158 91 847 941 60912 16041 96 5218 3943 85 387 22 486 169 1189 404 2 1 3567 260

144332 908 1465 17553 892 766 313 3841 11178 142 104 59 1060 1864 69266 20736 74 1350 4264 80 344 391 645 143 1688 483 250 34 4232 207

384 11 76 32 82 129 54

3006 110 1521 462 89 576 166 82

14604 345 6866 1 2551 48 1058 49 1057 642 1624 363

23103 22 10034 2 421 2469 2623 828 1438 4321 945

23803 883 9896 1 1202 2105 1716 135 859 1358 5354 294

26268 726 14330 4 374 1679 1170 844 499 681 5765 196

26316 231 13208 17 77 1567 321 931 192 1206 8357 209

33864 206 16235 16 14 746 679 1151 2487 1464 10716 150

30840 435 18559 22 734 505 73 1738 1353 7035 386

Non-Specified/Other 9050 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

7356

5005

582

809

202

310

4

248

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.16 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

OECD Total 12. COAL IMPORT VALUES BY ORIGIN* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne) 1988

1990

1995

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

55.65

62.27

56.28

47.26

67.40

97.98

106.49

103.59

189.64

49.29 66.05 182.83 54.82 58.55 46.06 43.53 42.38 50.18

57.64 70.37 67.03 63.98 64.21 54.50 60.89 50.58 57.45

52.80 62.94 82.00 59.26 61.25 49.58 50.11 49.57 54.95

47.25 53.90 .. 62.24 64.21 40.48 166.16 39.20 46.67

61.26 66.39 98.50 108.71 107.28 82.31 85.79 61.31 73.25

102.47 109.56 242.07 138.92 119.94 109.89 104.26 71.77 104.12

115.04 129.34 112.10 118.82 125.05 98.79 88.44 66.18 101.81

105.28 116.78 133.32 139.47 126.15 110.31 92.53 96.82 98.26

210.52 219.98 235.16 245.85 191.98 263.49 169.10 141.18 211.14

44.85 51.81 47.14 37.37 55.34 64.85 63.38 Imports from: Australia 43.45 52.17 48.23 35.69 51.71 64.06 65.13 Canada 43.28 43.38 40.99 37.49 54.90 79.68 60.96 Czech Republic 57.22 65.54 63.84 64.04 83.24 113.59 102.69 Poland 51.56 61.05 46.78 43.26 68.95 78.34 75.65 United States 54.03 54.63 49.60 47.37 60.50 82.18 77.37 China 38.91 48.34 44.63 32.60 53.48 62.75 60.32 Colombia 39.31 50.88 41.58 37.58 52.34 59.93 58.42 South Africa 37.89 45.38 44.19 39.05 58.03 67.68 66.20 Former USSR(2) 39.41 45.48 42.87 39.68 63.56 67.35 66.20 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs.

72.84

120.59

71.55 69.76 112.36 94.13 96.56 71.23 65.05 80.13 77.44

122.94 108.23 158.65 156.01 137.60 117.72 97.31 140.79 129.23

Coking coal(1) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former USSR(2) Steam coal(3)

(1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former USSR until 1991, Russia starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.17

OECD North America* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 4500

140

4000

120

3500

100

3000 80

2500 2000

60

1500

40

1000

20

500 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 1000

900

900

800

800

700

700

600

600

500

500 400

400

300

300 200

200

100

100

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1977

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 8000

6000

7000

5000

6000 4000

5000 4000

3000

3000

2000

2000 1000

1000 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001

2007

Other

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.18 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

OECD North America 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

TPES (Mtce) 2774.08 2989.13 3204.30 Coal and peat 468.78 571.18 694.45 Oil 1327.64 1357.00 1305.02 Gas 803.26 773.52 737.26 Comb. renew/waste 73.60 98.59 111.25 Nuclear 39.01 113.96 256.50 Hydro 58.51 67.18 72.90 Geothermal 3.21 7.70 26.44 Solar, wind, tide 0.46 Net electricity trade(1) 0.07 0.01 0.03 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

3831.26 831.57 1495.59 936.18 132.66 327.15 79.22 25.94 3.04 -0.10 -

3924.43 839.49 1590.60 900.26 140.34 344.38 83.25 20.55 5.74 -0.18 -

3990.82 847.60 1584.39 954.25 145.98 350.16 79.28 21.64 6.92 0.59 -

3929.59 837.32 1501.12 977.77 148.57 350.53 81.49 23.53 9.34 -0.08 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 0.85 2.34 -0.10 -0.50 2.46 11.71 1.30 13.21 -4.35 -

1.30 1.18 1.15 1.53 1.61 1.85 0.49 -1.17 17.26 18.61 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

4875 5918 8051 11126 12819 13092 0.57 0.51 0.40 0.34 0.31 0.30 Population (millions) 287.7 317.9 359.1 411.4 436.6 440.7 TPES/population(1) 9.64 9.40 8.92 9.31 8.99 9.05 TPES/GDP(2) 165.3 146.7 115.6 100.0 88.9 88.5 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 128.7 129.1 115.4 100.0 87.6 86.6 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 105.7 108.3 105.1 100.0 92.4 92.9 Elec. generation (TWh) 2273 2868 3809 4835 5140 5220 Industrial production(2) .. .. .. .. .. .. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

13235 0.30 444.9 8.83 86.2 84.7 .. 5220 ..

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 3.00 -2.08 1.31 -0.46 -2.08 -0.64 -0.03 3.08 -

2.90 -1.56 1.21 0.09 -1.56 -1.67 -0.72 1.87 -

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

109.25 421.01 23.37 -

135.46 505.67 30.53 -

124.00 649.39 55.94 -

80.68 696.78 57.79 -

66.24 754.19 57.77 -

70.48 742.67 54.97 -

79.89 753.45 53.32 -

1.06 3.68 7.54 -

-3.27 0.79 -0.10 -

Mt: Coking coal 109.07 134.96 123.88 84.67 72.51 77.35 87.20 Steam coal 487.96 598.48 774.37 854.46 960.35 949.66 964.04 Brown coal 44.51 59.30 110.57 112.98 112.53 106.93 103.57 Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

1.07 3.92 7.88 -

-2.73 1.21 -0.20 -

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.19

OECD North America 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2123.35 114.77 1130.47 569.00 73.21 235.76 0.14

2188.96 88.71 1155.45 552.10 98.10 293.12 1.47

2196.93 84.33 1152.71 514.93 53.19 0.48 387.23 4.05

2617.91 51.77 1334.91 612.07 98.53 0.74 2.12 509.00 8.77

2690.32 51.16 1439.88 546.26 101.83 1.22 1.88 542.04 6.06

2681.03 52.04 1436.17 527.80 108.58 1.32 1.96 541.75 11.39

2725.11 51.08 1428.37 560.06 114.09 1.48 2.05 556.49 11.49

0.20 -1.80 0.11 -0.59 -1.86 2.96 22.06

1.28 -2.91 1.27 0.50 4.59 6.85 2.16 6.33

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

647.75 94.60 128.24 279.33 50.87 94.57 0.14

656.67 77.07 153.01 254.55 58.55 112.05 1.43

510.50 70.12 85.76 196.51 23.55 133.65 0.90

593.94 48.10 56.84 240.32 63.91 0.16 177.51 7.11

527.35 46.95 70.05 193.88 58.75 0.15 152.64 4.92

537.52 49.30 65.97 197.40 64.30 0.16 151.26 9.13

540.53 47.98 60.91 206.47 62.72 0.17 153.15 9.14

-1.39 -1.75 -2.34 -2.05 -4.43 2.06 11.73

0.34 -2.21 -1.99 0.29 5.93 0.80 14.61

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

657.53 0.18 632.33 24.06

703.41 679.29 23.41

800.18 773.03 26.15

965.17 929.80 29.39

1041.27 1000.50 27.41

1051.39 1005.90 27.52

1063.30 1010.39 29.19

1.16 1.19 0.49

1.69 1.59 0.65

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.97 387.91 4.77 123.97 170.85

0.71 364.33 2.35 80.88 170.95

1.01 362.07 2.17 53.74 163.89

4.74 1.23 446.05 1.99 61.13 186.68

11.77 1.59 458.73 0.05 55.08 181.96

16.36 1.61 431.51 0.06 48.89 165.62

22.07 1.65 454.21 0.05 50.05 179.47

0.24 -0.40 -4.54 -4.80 -0.24

2.94 1.34 -19.79 -0.42 0.54

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

9.70 78.61 237.59 4.87 79.66 94.03

10.35 99.80 232.58 2.63 54.63 96.74

10.30 131.98 0.00 261.73 3.41 38.14 99.39

25.97 0.31 2.06 167.92 319.96 1.30 34.52 120.26

28.10 0.57 1.76 191.21 0.00 335.98 2.98 38.40 114.15

24.42 0.66 1.83 190.04 0.00 329.78 2.17 35.36 107.81

25.77 0.79 1.89 196.19 0.00 341.62 2.41 34.84 114.64

0.35 3.09 0.57 -2.07 -4.24 0.33

5.54 2.36 4.16 1.58 -2.03 -0.53 0.84

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity 59.03 78.54 117.71 Heat 0.04 3.08 Non-energy use 140.54 169.40 204.96 Coal and peat 0.18 0.50 Oil 139.81 163.15 176.18 Gas 0.73 6.06 28.28 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1.77 0.27 0.06 160.17 1.59 260.44 0.38 225.49 34.58

2.94 0.49 0.12 175.83 1.07 274.86 0.56 246.05 28.24

3.09 0.50 0.13 178.51 2.21 277.46 0.49 248.16 28.81

3.01 0.52 0.15 183.76 2.29 272.14 0.57 241.96 29.61

4.14 2.24 1.37 24.03

2.65 -1.73 1.68 0.83 1.88 0.27

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.20 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

OECD North America 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

495.1 16.4 -55.2 12.5

671.7 17.9 -98.0 -20.4

829.3 16.9 -126.2 -25.6

835.2 37.7 -79.9 38.5

878.2 56.4 -65.6 -29.5

868.1 54.7 -74.6 -0.7

886.7 51.0 -95.9 -4.4

3.1 0.2 5.0 x

0.3 7.1 -3.0 x

Primary supply

468.8

571.2

694.4

831.6

839.5

847.6

837.3

2.3

1.2

Statistical difference

18.6

-11.1

12.2

7.3

-19.8

-15.2

..

x

x

Total transformation

-363.9

-467.7

-620.4

-785.0

-764.0

-777.7

..

3.2

1.3

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-321.8 -321.8 -

-438.7 -438.7 -0.0

-598.3 -592.1 -6.2

-763.1 -745.5 -17.5

-750.5 -743.8 -6.6

-766.5 -761.0 -5.5

.. .. ..

3.7 3.7 -

1.5 1.5 -0.7

-0.1

-

-2.7

-2.7

-2.9

-2.6

..

26.3

-0.2

-42.1 -27.7 -14.3 -

-29.0 -18.4 -10.6 -

-19.3 -12.9 -6.4 -

-19.2 -13.1 -6.1 -

-10.7 -10.3 -4.3 3.9

-8.6 -9.8 -4.5 5.8

.. .. .. .. ..

-4.5 -4.4 -4.7 -

-4.7 -1.6 -2.0 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-8.7

-3.6

-2.0

-2.2

-3.6

-3.6

..

-8.4

3.6

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

114.8

88.7

84.3

51.8

52.0

51.1

..

-1.8

-2.9

94.6 54.0 11.9 5.9 7.1

77.1 36.0 11.2 10.3 7.4

70.1 21.2 12.4 11.6 10.4

48.1 14.5 9.3 12.1 3.6

49.3 9.1 7.4 11.8 6.8

48.0 8.3 7.3 12.0 6.5

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.7 -5.4 0.2 4.1 2.2

-2.2 -5.4 -3.1 0.2 -2.7

0.2

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

20.0 4.9 4.8

11.5 2.6 2.4

13.7 3.4 2.2

3.3 1.3 2.0

2.3 2.2 0.1

2.5 2.4 0.1

.. .. ..

-2.2 -2.1 -4.5

-9.5 -2.0 -19.8

Non-energy use 0.2 0.5 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.4

0.5

0.6

..

-

0.8

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.21

OECD North America 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

496.24 418.38 418.37 0.01 46.04 3.73 10.34 11.88 7.82 12.27 8.58 -

560.62 491.32 491.31 0.01 46.33 2.53 12.72 11.62 8.27 11.19 5.40 0.02

719.49 653.18 646.88 6.29 0.18 53.39 1.70 14.26 12.65 11.37 13.42 6.03 0.26

895.56 860.85 845.37 15.48 1.79 2.50 37.51 1.35 10.51 13.26 4.10 8.29 3.70 0.33

965.73 790.98 784.47 6.51 119.79 1.77 1.25 37.68 0.27 7.23 12.74 6.84 10.60 3.60 0.53

953.68 808.00 803.15 4.85 94.20 1.66 1.41 39.15 0.41 7.50 13.08 7.25 10.91 2.64 0.44

968.93 794.04 789.42 4.62 127.67 1.49 1.55 37.98 0.41 7.38 13.36 7.05 9.78 2.79 0.53

3.14 3.78 3.70 66.36 1.24 -6.36 2.71 0.53 3.17 0.75 -2.90 -

1.77 1.16 1.18 -1.80 13.39 -1.98 -8.03 -3.80 0.32 -2.77 -1.84 -4.43 4.28

79.71 75.71 -

72.75 71.75 -

43.20 43.16 -

31.36 31.13 -

25.86 2.81 23.41 -

26.29 2.26 23.73 -

26.97 2.37 23.56 -

-4.98 -4.58 -

-2.73 -3.50 -

43.94 58.04 109.28 41.10 53.39 101.99 41.10 53.39 100.89 1.10 5.64 2.47 3.05 1.41 0.17 0.23 0.00 0.17 0.19 0.10 2.31 2.69 1.08 0.34 0.29 0.17 Non-energy use 0.09 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

114.73 110.09 108.85 1.25 0.00 5.67 1.59 0.24 0.00 0.10 1.25 0.12 0.14

115.90 109.76 107.70 2.06 0.00 5.39 0.39 0.24 0.01 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.16

112.49 103.89 101.88 2.01 0.00 5.59 0.39 0.24 0.01 0.06 0.09 0.06 0.16

109.63 102.79 102.79 0.00 5.33 0.42 0.26 0.01 0.06 0.09 0.16 0.16

7.89 7.87 7.77 -4.57 -4.60 -6.12 -5.64 -

0.02 0.05 0.11 -0.32 -6.87 0.51 12.13 -2.82 -13.43 -0.25 3.59

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.22 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

OECD North America 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(US dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal .. Coking coal .. High sulphur fuel oil .. Low sulphur fuel oil .. Natural gas .. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

16.37 14.97 .. .. 1.40

17.85 16.93 7.02 9.91 0.93

16.94 15.86 4.45 11.41 1.08

37.71 30.53 5.72 24.81 2.80 4.38

48.23 37.70 5.19 32.51 3.96 6.57

50.26 42.73 5.60 37.13 4.10 3.44

56.41 48.69 5.56 43.13 3.04 4.68

54.71 48.17 4.73 43.44 3.40 3.15

50.96 40.41 4.67 35.74 5.87 4.68

Total exports 55.24 97.96 126.22 79.87 61.60 65.56 65.58 Hard coal 53.62 96.02 125.52 78.58 60.20 63.75 63.88 Coking coal .. 71.71 84.69 54.27 42.74 46.70 44.44 Steam coal .. 24.31 40.83 24.31 17.46 17.05 19.44 Brown coal / lignite 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.16 0.18 0.23 Peat Coal products(1) 1.62 1.91 0.67 1.26 1.24 1.63 1.47 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

74.56 72.80 49.02 23.78 0.36 1.40

95.88 93.06 58.28 34.78 1.04 1.78

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.23

OECD North America 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

17499

17540

16846

32493

41524

48872

56181

55381

46240

6024 5924 -

7212 7112 -

4719 122 4497 -

5843 1511 4296 -

5416 182 1735 3429 -

5831 144 1458 4160 -

5786 72 1461 4133 -

4924 1469 3322 46

4866 1580 3286 -

100

100

100

36 -

70 -

9 60

7 113

87 -

-

11475 933 49 645 8796 -

10328 37 287 9245 -

12127 22 883 5 9639 -

26650 1226 693 14787 6

36108 2141 1797 68 40 8313 103

43041 5392 823 70 1 7339 261

50395 6529 799 1 8906 236

50457 4684 488 1 8378 32

41374 782 463 5 7225 1

996 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other 56 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

699 60

1296 277 5

174 6928 651 61 92 1960 72

152 16013 1979 31 275 225 4730 33 208

72 21444 2239 70 686 141 3951 85 467

57 25303 2855 256 1152 4252 28 21

48 25962 3323 597 98 3731 3115

42 26099 3191 1123 226 53 2164 -

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.24 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

OECD North America 10. COKING COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

40450

71373

84425

58166

48196

52711

50149

55166

65242

36030 1103 5410 1468 560 3069 19925 1173 929 68 265 838 453 409 360 -

62263 2840 5694 141 20 4082 1710 364 6 198 5594 30625 1994 28 2390 252 305 2171 1073 99 796 1881 -

67287 5538 3988 50 127 4880 708 28 6536 26588 2908 3 3975 99 753 3156 866 1957 4355 772

45136 2717 3501 288 2782 1211 65 48 4467 12937 4947 740 2143 42 198 2331 642 2403 3134 540

36147 1309 3431 412 1388 2020 553 82 2677 7759 3848 1253 2787 32 88 1426 570 22 2457 2298 1735

41133 239 1528 4034 776 1610 2230 57 3672 8446 5497 994 2355 18 2029 464 2667 2915 1602

38266 30 1596 4134 795 1652 2607 70 19 4153 7523 4573 612 2297 54 1397 426 2186 2681 1461

41635 125 1424 3299 435 2176 2789 30 4202 8430 5228 546 2895 10 401 915 1563 483 2263 2953 1468

47901 294 1650 3266 210 666 2453 2411 126 175 50 68 3693 9876 6049 1336 3671 78 1552 877 1407 523 257 2659 2987 1567

4420 1942 205 218 200 673 1 914 24 243

9026 3490 359 749 263 853 642 1603 49 1018

11934 6327 357 586 50 1559 614 872 529 1040

9805 5564 1440 682 22 56 443 269 496 833

11960 4545 1438 1120 813 121 381 622 2333 587

11578 4831 1274 706 1078 547 377 575 1060 1130

11272 5519 1220 869 959 75 382 739 265 1244

12991 7262 1453 800 209 500 640 240 1887

16099 6903 71 1371 1439 1588 648 838 660 2581

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

84

5204

3225

89

-

611

540

1242

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.25

OECD North America 11. STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

10808

27123

42493

26926

20902

20452

22703

27917

39957

10341 27 8782 309 38 528 22 243 356 27 5 4

25340 1383 10136 1608 233 2984 1188 4 159 924 1426 552 1834 24 970 39 1875 1

35375 1 2178 10083 3321 1758 384 15 1322 4451 4007 719 188 3982 1 62 1386 282 21 15 1005 194

25401 429 13524 70 564 522 456 79 4425 2275 373 643 74 343 441 55 1016 112

18479 555 12680 67 376 122 1640 665 80 591 317 67 558 761

18050 411 13625 66 28 133 23 962 749 341 829 143 71 67 361 241

20592 363 13909 348 360 195 569 1379 918 156 593 267 250 1052 233

23497 75 483 13386 72 176 584 1009 74 135 2099 980 148 2278 258 1 1578 161

35577 1144 17553 139 185 1263 1256 66 74 287 2307 2184 532 3279 109 391 990 144 149 34 3352 139

95 11 1 82 1 -

1699 98 530 413 56 575 19 8

5891 177 3820 108 530 682 522 5 47

971 22 1 825 49 8 66

1770 883 1 224 135 358 140 29

2202 693 1 217 844 63 269 115

1814 176 3 71 927 190 367 6 74

4420 95 2 1 172 1069 2212 789 12 68

4183 401 72 328 73 1715 893 399 302

Non-Specified/Other 372 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

84

1227

554

653

200

297

-

197

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.26 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

OECD/IEA Pacific* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 250

1400 1200

200

1000 150 800 600

100

400 50 200 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 350

350

300

300

250

250

200

200

150

150

100

100

50

50

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 2000

1977

2500

1800 1600

2000

1400 1500

1200 1000

1000

800 600

500

400 200

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001 Other

2007

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.27

OECD/IEA Pacific 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

TPES (Mtce) 581.41 663.32 901.01 Coal and peat 128.34 144.83 195.80 Oil 418.56 420.59 478.38 Gas 12.48 42.36 93.67 Comb. renew/waste 5.04 5.90 14.60 Nuclear 3.61 32.04 94.99 Hydro 11.52 15.01 16.36 Geothermal 1.86 2.56 5.41 Solar, wind, tide 0.03 1.80 Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1188.98 264.37 567.58 152.83 18.75 160.46 16.27 7.35 1.37 -

1244.84 315.16 524.51 189.80 22.37 168.34 15.98 7.12 1.50 0.04

1252.22 324.52 524.83 204.57 23.54 151.44 14.20 7.25 1.84 0.04

1235.05 336.74 494.47 206.39 22.42 151.65 13.72 7.65 1.98 0.03

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 2.61 2.52 0.79 12.59 6.46 21.20 2.08 6.49 -

1.96 3.02 0.55 4.70 2.85 2.78 -0.83 1.73 0.14 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

2503 3166 4727 5631 6322 0.23 0.21 0.19 0.21 0.20 Population (millions) 159.4 172.9 186.9 197.0 201.0 TPES/population(1) 3.65 3.84 4.82 6.04 6.19 TPES/GDP(2) 110.0 99.2 90.3 100.0 93.3 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 109.2 97.4 88.2 100.0 106.2 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 79.0 81.2 84.4 100.0 101.0 Elec. generation (TWh) 563 728 1128 1584 1790 Industrial production(2) .. .. .. .. .. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

6485 0.19 201.5 6.21 91.5 106.6 101.6 1848 ..

6474 0.19 201.5 6.13 90.4 110.8 .. 1828 ..

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 3.81 -1.15 0.94 1.65 -1.15 -1.25 0.39 4.17 -

1.88 0.08 0.45 1.50 0.08 1.12 1.09 2.95 -

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

44.87 42.82 9.73 -

45.94 46.11 11.01 -

63.05 92.94 14.69 -

102.61 119.50 22.18 -

123.41 149.30 24.79 -

139.91 154.45 23.57 -

138.66 156.87 25.99 -

2.87 6.67 3.49 -

4.80 3.03 2.82 -

Mt: Coking coal 46.34 47.20 65.21 105.39 126.76 143.77 142.46 Steam coal 60.93 62.99 120.98 144.79 181.30 187.46 190.37 Brown coal 30.66 33.13 46.15 67.51 67.99 65.87 72.65 Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

2.89 5.88 3.47 -

4.76 2.61 2.12 -

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.28 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

OECD/IEA Pacific 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

424.17 46.37 298.16 13.62 4.99 60.98 0.04

452.67 51.59 294.04 22.03 5.63 0.03 79.21 0.15

615.39 70.29 372.28 37.18 10.08 0.50 1.80 122.98 0.29

794.59 56.29 475.07 69.38 12.82 0.64 1.33 173.59 5.47

820.56 59.16 460.39 84.92 13.24 0.64 0.96 193.97 7.28

819.49 61.54 449.90 89.12 13.44 0.63 0.91 196.82 7.12

824.09 61.93 442.40 93.45 14.24 0.64 1.03 203.03 7.38

2.21 2.48 1.31 6.08 4.22 4.21 12.32

1.73 -0.74 1.02 5.57 2.05 1.46 -3.25 2.99 21.09

183.62 34.18 101.61 5.27 2.13 40.43 -

173.62 38.14 74.98 9.33 3.17 48.00 -

206.40 55.53 72.44 14.25 6.68 0.31 57.19 -

233.97 53.76 71.05 22.37 9.47 0.19 74.10 3.04

235.43 55.98 60.96 28.25 10.37 0.20 0.00 75.62 4.06

240.95 58.10 61.47 29.56 10.67 0.20 0.00 76.87 4.08

243.50 58.11 58.79 31.52 10.97 0.20 0.00 79.62 4.28

0.69 2.89 -1.97 6.02 6.95 2.06 -

0.98 0.27 -1.22 4.78 2.96 -2.63 1.97 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

83.03 0.33 80.97 -

111.24 0.01 109.19 0.01

157.71 0.10 155.10 0.10

210.36 0.13 206.92 0.44

209.44 0.13 205.28 0.97

207.43 0.11 203.00 1.19

206.75 0.12 201.96 1.41

3.85 -6.65 3.90 -

1.61 0.97 1.57 17.17

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

1.73 47.24 11.54 13.84 5.87

2.03 60.07 12.92 15.69 9.54

2.42 85.06 12.50 22.55 14.04

2.87 105.87 0.84 29.80 25.63

0.03 3.02 114.37 1.40 27.70 29.78

0.14 2.98 112.15 1.60 26.23 29.35

0.26 2.99 113.42 1.45 25.38 29.35

2.00 3.52 0.47 2.91 5.26

1.25 1.71 -11.89 0.70 4.43

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

2.86 13.13 32.48 0.27 24.66 2.14

2.43 0.03 19.46 37.14 0.52 24.45 2.68

3.32 0.08 1.73 30.80 0.04 84.24 1.54 43.46 6.97

3.10 0.00 1.29 43.62 1.57 121.67 1.04 50.41 17.13

2.43 0.00 0.92 50.03 2.12 134.11 1.11 43.72 23.67

2.14 0.00 0.87 49.96 2.00 131.03 1.10 35.80 26.81

2.49 0.00 0.87 51.85 2.03 128.23 1.09 29.17 28.90

0.90 5.14 5.77 10.75 3.39 7.21

-1.69 -16.63 -3.99 3.11 25.32 2.50 -2.04 -2.32 8.72

Comb. renew/waste 0.03 0.08 Geothermal 0.06 Solar, wind, tide 0.07 Electricity 5.38 9.32 31.82 Heat 0.04 0.15 0.24 Non-energy use 58.27 49.41 65.82 Coal and peat 0.57 Oil 58.02 48.96 63.42 Gas 0.26 0.45 1.82 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.24 0.31 0.04 51.63 0.87 104.84 0.50 100.57 3.78

0.41 0.31 0.04 63.75 1.10 110.82 0.51 108.16 2.16

0.49 0.31 0.04 65.45 1.04 112.35 0.57 109.67 2.11

0.51 0.31 0.16 67.01 1.07 116.70 1.11 113.42 2.17

11.02 11.22 0.72 0.53 12.23

11.97 9.78 5.04 4.48 9.14 3.43 3.98 3.48 1.02

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.29

OECD/IEA Pacific 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

94.4 59.6 -26.0 0.3

103.1 74.9 -41.9 8.7

170.7 125.6 -98.2 -2.2

244.3 192.1 -177.6 5.6

297.5 231.0 -218.9 5.6

317.9 243.3 -229.5 -7.2

321.5 251.2 -237.8 1.7

3.5 4.5 8.1 x

3.7 4.0 5.1 x

Primary supply

128.3

144.8

195.8

264.4

315.2

324.5

336.7

2.5

3.0

Statistical difference

-2.5

-2.3

3.8

-2.0

6.2

1.9

..

x

x

Total transformation

-75.5

-86.2

-123.3

-199.4

-254.9

-257.6

..

2.9

4.4

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-37.8 -37.8 -0.1

-45.2 -40.9 -4.3

-86.4 -75.3 -11.1

-163.6 -147.1 -16.6

-218.3 -199.8 -18.5

-220.9 -201.9 -19.0

.. .. ..

5.0 4.1 36.2

5.7 6.0 3.2

-3.1

-1.8

-0.6

-0.3

-

-

..

-9.3

-

-34.7 -0.2 -27.1 -5.8 -1.5

-39.1 -0.2 -23.8 -14.5 -0.6

-36.3 -0.1 -28.4 -3.0 -4.8

-35.4 -0.0 -33.4 -1.8 -0.2

-36.5 -0.2 -32.2 -3.8 -0.3

-36.8 -0.2 -33.3 -2.8 -0.5

.. .. .. .. ..

0.3 -5.3 0.3 -3.7 6.9

0.1 6.1 0.9 -0.6 -12.7

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-3.9

-4.7

-6.0

-6.7

-5.0

-6.9

..

2.6

0.8

-

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

46.4

51.6

70.3

56.3

61.5

61.9

..

2.5

-0.7

34.2 26.9 0.4 0.9 0.3

38.1 27.3 0.7 5.9 0.5

55.5 21.5 4.2 11.9 1.9

53.8 20.2 4.3 12.0 2.3

58.1 23.9 4.7 11.3 2.3

58.1 23.6 4.9 11.2 2.4

.. .. .. .. ..

2.9 -1.3 15.0 16.4 10.8

0.3 0.6 0.9 -0.3 1.2

0.3

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

..

-6.7

1.0

11.9 0.3 11.5

13.4 0.5 12.9

14.1 1.5 12.5

1.9 1.0 0.8

2.8 1.1 1.6

2.6 1.1 1.5

.. .. ..

1.0 10.7 0.5

-9.5 -2.0 -11.9

Non-energy use 0.6 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.5

0.6

1.1

..

-

4.0

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.30 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

OECD/IEA Pacific 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

57.24 30.57 30.21 0.36 18.64 0.13 0.19 7.37 1.46 0.34 1.88 0.35 3.34 1.49 -

70.43 35.63 34.16 1.48 20.40 0.04 0.12 12.54 1.52 0.26 7.43 0.45 2.88 1.30 -

128.22 77.22 72.22 5.00 20.81 5.89 0.64 25.05 2.05 2.63 12.63 2.25 5.50 0.97 0.02

201.05 152.59 144.86 7.73 1.22 11.46 0.67 31.09 2.69 3.92 13.30 2.64 8.54 1.09 -

253.27 210.04 198.76 11.29 2.01 11.65 0.80 28.93 4.74 4.11 12.37 2.90 4.82 1.14 -

258.22 210.92 199.69 11.22 2.33 11.62 0.81 29.28 4.75 4.42 12.27 2.86 4.99 1.12 -

269.93 219.39 207.65 11.74 2.09 12.57 0.79 30.69 5.40 4.57 12.48 2.93 5.31 1.10 -

6.95 8.03 7.53 24.52 0.92 37.67 10.74 2.86 18.50 17.23 16.65 4.25 -3.50 -

4.48 6.33 6.41 5.15 -12.64 4.56 1.21 1.20 5.88 3.31 -0.07 1.58 -0.21 0.74 -

67.95 64.35 4.45 0.12 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.01 -

81.25 76.69 4.30 0.01 0.01 0.01 -

82.82 77.00 5.25 0.16 0.16 0.02 -

81.30 67.15 13.97 -

82.77 68.56 15.92 -

83.08 68.02 16.27 0.25 0.25 -

84.65 67.34 17.88 -

1.66 1.51 2.66 11.30 13.14 -

0.13 -0.78 7.47 -

30.64 33.13 46.20 27.32 29.23 44.14 26.32 28.00 43.07 0.99 1.23 1.07 2.85 3.35 1.78 0.42 0.42 0.20 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.30 0.30 0.10 0.09 0.17 0.05 0.11 0.08 Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

67.55 66.34 65.25 1.09 0.96 0.18 0.18 0.08 -

67.43 66.29 66.29 0.90 0.22 0.00 0.22 0.06 -

68.02 67.09 67.09 0.69 0.22 0.00 0.22 0.06 -

65.90 65.55 65.55 0.62 0.23 0.00 0.23 0.05 -

3.48 4.08 4.19 0.62 -3.84 -6.07 -1.23 -3.32 5.12 3.49 -

2.11 2.35 2.50 -6.02 0.93 1.74 -2.39 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.31

OECD/IEA Pacific 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(US dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal .. Coking coal .. High sulphur fuel oil .. Low sulphur fuel oil .. Natural gas .. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

59.64 59.61 .. .. 0.04

74.95 74.83 69.12 5.71 0.12

125.60 125.10 78.26 46.84 0.50

192.06 189.59 72.40 117.19 2.47

236.80 233.13 78.13 155.00 3.67

224.71 221.76 72.90 148.86 2.95

230.99 228.75 73.47 155.28 2.24

243.30 240.67 76.77 163.90 0.00 2.63

251.24 249.14 77.48 171.66 0.00 2.10

Total exports 26.00 41.86 98.23 177.60 206.34 218.71 218.93 Hard coal 25.38 39.73 95.87 175.05 204.13 217.12 217.06 Coking coal .. 32.25 55.90 98.03 109.73 122.89 118.82 Steam coal .. 7.47 39.96 77.02 94.40 94.23 98.24 Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1) 0.61 2.13 2.36 2.55 2.21 1.60 1.87 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

229.55 228.23 129.62 98.62 1.32

237.76 236.86 135.78 101.08 0.90

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.32 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

OECD/IEA Pacific 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Hard Coal

55041

73604

130654

214064

260643

254819

260043

276001

285759

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

52885 25299 11304 398 429 10406 11

66214 28194 11587 387 20296 70

76229 39565 13316 10275 225

76656 45398 9389 2841 367

82692 47885 6248 5 2179 319

77157 45338 6818 1348 253

77753 46606 6995 200 329

80739 50896 8637 253 138

81457 44604 10527 2253 418

420 2360 2244 14

979 2803 1898 -

2802 153 668 3055 6150 20

9555 5886 603 2498 27 92

12665 12 9201 23 4140 15

9832 9850 25 3668 25

8903 9 10622 25 4038 26

5810 9 10659 134 4203 -

3956 20 17211 2346 122

2156 668 105 1 -

7390 4262 367 616 -

54425 24852 8170 5751 138

137408 67166 9944 2396 637

177951 84335 4106 9 3615 779

177662 87988 5073 1270 568

182290 88179 6632 698 663

195262 92845 8684 73 298

204302 113697 4121 304 -

513 157 149 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other 563 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

1086 9 386 233 431

3504 94 806 7057 3402 150 501

32680 14185 3448 5497 1012 443

39393 23 31646 43 10450 3237 315

33062 36413 51 10309 21 15 2401 491

29304 18 43227 51 10429 2886 203

27690 19 48616 584 13393 3025 35

28189 37704 797 15986 2745 759

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.33

OECD/IEA Pacific 10. COKING COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

31085

33590

58086

100690

112723

126227

122032

133178

139485

29156 374 1173 191 1319 22651 1330 10 992 593 469 54

31917 175 903 48 1164 25649 2266 329 698 685 -

44087 1054 30 1917 25 1181 28822 4944 725 694 702 912 3081 -

74135 122 1833 3739 2619 2914 39861 10358 666 2279 1767 992 46 1451 5488 -

74820 1255 324 4016 1576 1930 42136 10138 451 4670 2198 1207 682 4063 174

83423 1881 392 3895 1746 14 2527 45707 12434 588 5617 2090 1226 720 4451 135

78994 1994 377 3329 1843 2260 45165 7704 1513 7009 1570 1170 1098 3925 37

79781 1923 284 3444 2287 49120 6254 1019 7139 1735 1258 1563 3755 -

85364 2927 304 3056 1618 150 2255 50203 8356 857 6242 2464 1302 1845 3785 -

1929 164 981 32 675 32 45 -

1667 837 157 227 267 60 119 -

13999 1291 2798 323 4895 2256 454 500 1294 188

26345 4988 6273 10773 1554 1371 1316 70

31731 4234 5311 13491 190 2354 1428 4114 609

38674 3545 7091 353 17193 129 46 2807 1806 5301 403

34194 3699 7717 225 16122 194 71 499 1774 3672 221

42745 3608 8036 498 19534 273 334 2289 2052 3819 2302

40652 3866 6392 366 24229 281 410 2016 1057 2035 -

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

6

-

210

6172

4130

8844

10652

13469

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.34 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

OECD/IEA Pacific 11. STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

5533

8925

45647

87804

107613

107418

111986

112428

115265

4809 150 682 458 1489 320 932 778

6834 103 304 525 686 3581 11 353 1211 60

37656 129 1149 934 125 133 26569 3633 4236 205 155 29 328 31

66577 428 142 434 72 110 284 428 47449 11455 2550 16 1445 83 55 1499 127

86230 3 785 668 258 977 509 59036 16221 2287 1590 106 248 1390 119 48 1879 106

83883 17 469 115 568 141 57574 17970 4238 760 56 671 164 45 993 102

87658 278 741 59599 20239 4762 301 82 1069 69 425 93

83378 54 160 1202 129 254 58813 15061 5069 797 85 986 101 600 67

88785 41 684 527 66959 18552 818 187 80 545 253 71 68

204 76 128 -

1187 991 49 147 -

7991 158 3046 2443 47 528 33 120 1616 -

21227 10034 419 2469 2623 1373 4309 -

21349 9894 1202 1835 1716 1218 5353 131

23535 33 14329 374 1461 1165 412 5761 -

24328 55 13205 77 1495 320 826 8350 -

29050 111 16233 14 744 507 82 671 10688 -

26480 29 18559 661 177 420 6634 -

Non-Specified/Other 520 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

904

-

-

34

-

-

-

-

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.35

OECD Europe* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 3000

120

2500

100

2000

80

1500

60

1000

40 20

500

0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 800

800

700

700

600

600

500

500

400

400

300

300

200

200

100

100

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1977

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 4000

4500

3500

4000 3500

3000

3000

2500

2500 2000 2000 1500

1500

1000

1000

500

500

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001

2007

Other

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.36 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

OECD Europe 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

TPES (Mtce) 1964.97 2134.62 2292.14 Coal and peat 607.66 662.58 630.86 Oil 1046.31 983.45 861.01 Gas 192.59 294.46 368.55 Comb. renew/waste 44.27 50.97 75.85 Nuclear 27.69 85.79 291.38 Hydro 42.06 51.07 54.47 Geothermal 3.62 4.30 6.74 Solar, wind, tide 0.07 0.07 0.41 Net electricity trade(1) 0.71 1.92 2.85 Heat(2) 0.03 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2479.40 467.29 924.30 558.22 99.93 348.01 66.47 10.34 3.82 0.49 0.54

2633.29 472.33 933.47 642.50 133.36 364.42 59.08 13.29 12.23 1.97 0.65

2610.00 481.71 905.57 639.61 146.31 344.66 61.13 14.50 15.38 0.49 0.63

2597.80 449.95 902.79 655.71 149.03 343.25 63.58 13.72 17.76 1.38 0.60

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 0.91 0.22 -1.14 3.89 3.22 14.85 1.53 3.73 11.14 8.55 -

0.77 -1.57 0.30 3.30 3.94 0.99 0.68 4.61 23.71 -9.87 20.25

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

4814 5681 7226 9066 10239 10532 0.41 0.38 0.32 0.27 0.26 0.25 Population (millions) 455.0 473.8 497.6 521.5 539.8 543.0 TPES/population(1) 4.32 4.51 4.61 4.75 4.88 4.81 TPES/GDP(2) 149.2 137.4 116.0 100.0 94.0 90.6 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 244.9 226.3 169.4 100.0 89.5 88.7 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 93.8 101.2 103.1 100.0 99.6 97.8 Elec. generation (TWh) 1618 2049 2632 3200 3531 3577 Industrial production(2) 60.8 68.1 82.7 100.0 110.2 114.7 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

10643 0.24 545.2 4.77 89.2 82.0 .. 3585 113.0

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 2.42 -1.47 0.53 0.38 -1.47 -2.14 0.56 2.90 1.83

2.24 -1.44 0.52 0.25 -1.44 -3.73 -0.31 1.82 1.94

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

136.40 276.37 179.98 2.30

123.53 293.95 188.71 2.67

92.69 217.31 201.45 4.96

44.80 122.24 135.13 3.38

36.16 97.11 133.86 6.00

35.74 91.72 139.50 2.62

31.73 86.35 135.85 2.90

-3.17 -1.98 0.94 6.61

-5.45 -4.95 -2.14 -3.68

Mt: Coking coal 141.07 127.95 93.45 45.21 36.33 36.01 32.01 Steam coal 341.51 363.56 269.75 153.35 122.49 116.03 109.10 Brown coal 590.99 607.01 657.55 440.36 441.30 453.35 441.13 Peat 8.05 9.34 14.68 10.36 17.65 7.76 8.56 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

-3.37 -1.95 0.89 5.13

-5.45 -4.84 -2.16 -3.68

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.37

OECD Europe 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

1460.61 246.98 824.60 153.86 40.36 0.51 164.90 29.41

1537.88 215.04 781.31 237.99 43.56 0.73 0.01 209.93 49.31

1593.20 173.45 737.18 291.36 63.61 1.98 0.25 272.03 53.36

1739.22 88.02 806.39 382.02 74.19 2.60 0.96 331.14 53.90

1853.96 76.66 828.44 417.40 81.12 3.10 1.50 364.65 81.10

1862.21 81.10 825.64 409.39 87.09 3.11 1.65 372.64 81.58

1838.64 79.53 806.94 401.06 90.99 3.13 1.90 376.14 78.95

0.51 -2.06 -0.66 3.83 2.71 8.34 2.99 3.57

0.85 -4.48 0.53 1.90 2.13 2.74 12.78 1.92 2.33

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

532.94 127.33 214.72 77.85 7.03 0.04 90.59 15.38

509.78 111.31 167.06 97.10 8.39 0.04 105.28 20.62

455.18 99.98 81.29 111.00 20.52 0.06 0.01 123.55 18.78

458.09 66.32 75.23 139.60 24.83 0.09 0.14 139.91 11.96

464.55 56.32 71.98 134.98 25.88 0.07 0.18 150.36 24.78

458.91 58.54 67.82 128.78 27.60 0.07 0.18 150.51 25.42

461.36 58.47 64.35 131.80 28.34 0.04 0.18 153.56 24.61

-0.92 -1.41 -5.55 2.11 6.50 2.53 1.84 1.18

0.08 -3.11 -1.37 1.02 1.92 -2.19 17.72 1.29 1.60

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

248.48 9.79 233.60 0.22

297.93 3.63 287.60 0.81

379.38 0.30 371.05 0.43

451.09 0.01 439.91 1.04

478.54 0.02 462.17 2.45

488.40 0.01 468.93 2.45

497.50 0.01 474.24 2.70

2.52 -18.56 2.76 3.99

1.61 -20.14 1.45 11.33

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.00 4.86 345.93 79.02 144.63 43.30

0.00 5.89 366.81 68.26 116.48 75.52

0.00 7.60 398.72 49.23 94.04 108.25

1.00 9.11 430.82 16.55 90.56 155.96

4.46 9.43 455.17 15.29 85.92 180.76

7.76 9.25 452.16 16.95 81.93 177.47

11.21 9.35 424.71 15.76 65.48 169.18

-2.02 2.67 0.84 -2.75 -2.50 5.54

63.86 1.22 0.37 -6.48 -2.11 2.66

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

26.32 0.42 41.18 11.07 136.43 19.20 82.12 7.89

28.45 0.64 0.01 58.03 19.42 149.71 23.11 72.12 14.36

40.67 1.31 0.18 78.11 26.93 157.89 17.87 39.60 38.23

44.70 1.90 0.64 93.63 26.87 174.49 2.00 30.33 50.01

45.91 2.35 1.14 104.24 19.54 198.94 1.81 31.04 61.44

46.66 2.35 1.28 106.07 19.46 204.16 2.08 30.01 62.07

46.13 2.42 1.49 105.68 18.57 196.16 1.79 24.52 59.05

2.59 6.97 3.84 5.37 0.86 -0.42 -4.20 9.73

0.74 3.68 13.27 1.79 -2.16 1.28 -12.66 -2.78 2.59

Comb. renew/waste 1.16 1.50 0.44 Geothermal 0.02 0.02 0.16 Solar, wind, tide 0.02 Electricity 24.88 35.58 56.66 Heat 1.17 3.03 4.92 Non-energy use 115.96 122.38 141.54 Coal and peat 4.42 3.08 2.08 Oil 104.62 101.51 119.45 Gas 6.92 17.79 20.02 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1.71 0.20 0.07 81.55 8.62 158.89 1.19 138.18 19.52

2.66 0.24 0.12 93.47 8.15 166.30 1.59 145.12 19.59

2.77 0.26 0.13 99.12 7.71 166.96 1.63 147.06 18.27

3.07 0.23 0.14 99.77 7.60 169.08 1.83 148.80 18.46

-5.50 13.52 4.96 8.83 1.18 -4.35 0.78 6.45

12.06 2.29 11.36 3.38 2.59 1.05 -0.73 1.30 -0.48

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.38 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

OECD Europe 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

579.5 97.9 -77.4 7.8

608.9 143.2 -75.1 -14.4

516.4 168.2 -60.5 6.7

305.5 196.2 -48.1 13.7

273.1 248.0 -47.6 -1.2

269.6 249.2 -46.8 9.7

256.8 238.5 -37.5 -7.9

-0.7 3.2 -1.4 x

-3.8 2.3 -1.5 x

Primary supply

607.7

662.6

630.9

467.3

472.3

481.7

450.0

0.2

-1.6

Statistical difference

5.1

-6.0

-11.1

0.1

3.7

-4.3

..

x

x

Total transformation

-341.3

-421.7

-432.4

-368.1

-384.4

-386.7

..

1.4

-0.7

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-279.3 -258.2 -21.1

-366.1 -306.9 -59.2

-385.8 -335.8 -50.0

-330.0 -310.5 -19.5

-349.3 -329.5 -19.8

-351.1 -330.9 -20.2

.. .. ..

1.9 1.6 5.2

-0.6 -0.1 -5.2

-8.9

-6.8

-3.1

-0.6

-0.8

-0.7

..

-6.1

-8.6

-53.2 2.4 -38.4 -17.9 0.8

-48.8 1.6 -37.3 -13.8 0.7

-43.5 -0.9 -32.8 -10.1 0.2

-37.6 -0.3 -30.2 -7.3 0.2

-34.3 -0.3 -28.1 -5.9 0.1

-34.9 -0.2 -29.3 -5.5 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.2 -0.9 -3.3 -7.4

-1.3 -8.1 -0.7 -3.5 -8.4

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-

-

-21.2

-18.3

-13.1

-10.1

-9.1

-9.8

..

-2.8

-1.7

-3.3

-1.5

-0.8

-1.1

-1.4

-1.5

..

x

x

247.0

215.0

173.4

88.0

81.1

79.5

..

-2.1

-4.5

127.3 52.3 14.1 13.5 4.1

111.3 42.9 12.8 16.0 3.4

100.0 39.4 11.3 17.7 3.8

66.3 27.4 4.4 11.4 2.2

58.5 25.1 4.4 8.2 2.0

58.5 24.1 3.3 9.5 1.8

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.4 -1.6 -1.3 1.6 -0.5

-3.1 -2.9 -7.1 -3.6 -4.2

9.8

3.6

0.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-18.6

-20.1

105.4 19.2 79.0

97.0 23.1 68.3

71.1 17.9 49.2

20.5 2.0 16.6

20.9 2.1 17.0

19.2 1.8 15.8

.. .. ..

-2.3 -0.4 -2.7

-7.4 -12.7 -6.5

Non-energy use 4.4 3.1 2.1 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1.2

1.6

1.8

..

-4.4

-0.7

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.39

OECD Europe 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

360.16 252.42 203.10 49.33 6.57 2.28 0.01 1.63 39.59 4.40 3.13 13.41 0.84 17.80 47.57 0.08

393.48 283.00 232.57 50.42 6.00 2.21 0.01 1.49 42.77 4.38 4.09 14.81 0.91 18.58 48.76 0.09

349.73 274.89 238.33 36.56 2.02 0.09 3.58 0.38 37.20 3.40 5.62 16.06 2.15 9.98 26.36 0.05

272.52 220.43 210.67 9.76 0.84 7.29 30.65 3.32 2.96 9.72 1.77 12.89 12.66 0.03

281.50 229.42 220.44 8.99 0.45 7.69 28.30 4.16 3.28 6.40 1.61 12.85 12.51 0.15

295.04 241.13 231.67 9.46 0.46 8.07 30.63 4.40 2.72 6.56 1.57 15.39 13.51 0.08

297.72 238.45 228.94 9.51 0.36 7.79 32.44 3.64 2.22 7.89 1.39 17.30 13.49 0.20

-0.24 0.71 1.34 -2.47 -9.37 -23.82 72.95 -11.40 -0.52 -2.13 4.99 1.51 8.14 -4.71 -4.80 -3.32

-0.94 -0.83 -0.24 -7.62 -9.69 4.68 -0.80 0.39 -5.33 -4.09 -2.52 3.29 -3.86 8.09

145.14 7.14 6.19 0.95 135.41 2.46 0.14 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.27 -

154.75 10.83 9.59 1.25 141.39 0.28 2.03 0.23 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.21 0.32 -

129.45 18.23 14.32 3.91 107.92 1.45 0.26 1.98 1.63 0.01 0.34 0.14 -

92.83 13.37 10.17 3.20 73.01 1.85 2.59 0.18 0.00 0.02 2.39 0.10 0.23

81.82 12.70 10.73 1.97 64.76 2.82 0.80 0.21 0.01 0.57 0.13 0.22

85.09 12.20 9.95 2.25 69.26 2.76 0.48 0.24 0.02 0.22 0.11 0.23

86.72 13.48 11.40 2.08 69.57 3.40 0.45 0.19 0.04 0.21 0.08 0.23

-0.95 8.12 7.23 12.52 -1.87 -17.08 24.49 57.52 13.00 8.07 -5.56 -

-2.33 -1.76 -1.33 -3.64 -2.55 5.13 -8.40 -11.78 6.83 -2.66 -3.37 -

591.89 609.46 669.91 359.55 373.47 467.82 343.49 353.79 440.18 16.06 19.69 27.64 134.34 139.29 108.97 6.40 6.34 2.86 48.24 46.99 43.49 1.12 1.44 2.25 14.37 15.53 10.76 1.65 1.67 2.12 4.04 4.15 1.99 27.07 24.21 26.37 28.55 36.62 41.35 Non-energy use 0.83 0.82 0.58 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

447.55 408.41 402.08 6.33 12.18 1.35 15.37 1.00 3.28 0.90 0.48 9.71 8.62 0.02

446.15 412.65 406.58 6.07 12.44 1.49 10.06 0.89 3.19 0.55 0.45 4.98 7.95 0.04

440.72 404.11 398.06 6.04 13.04 1.51 11.08 0.84 3.17 0.67 0.37 6.03 9.21 0.04

454.73 419.50 414.02 5.48 12.26 1.49 10.11 0.80 1.78 0.85 0.39 6.29 9.33 0.04

1.04 2.22 2.09 4.63 -1.73 -6.50 -0.86 6.02 -2.38 2.10 -5.73 -0.22 3.14 -2.94

-2.25 -0.64 -0.36 -9.08 -12.06 -3.77 -8.22 -5.93 -10.04 -5.20 -9.19 -8.08 -8.39 -14.81

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.40 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

OECD Europe 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(US dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal .. Coking coal .. High sulphur fuel oil .. Low sulphur fuel oil .. Natural gas .. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

97.87 70.11 .. .. 5.30 22.46

143.17 117.95 49.56 68.38 5.73 19.49

168.25 148.65 56.94 91.70 7.18 0.10 12.32

196.16 178.99 56.68 122.31 2.55 0.10 14.52

230.28 214.71 53.18 161.53 1.62 0.16 13.78

227.29 213.03 53.93 159.10 1.62 0.13 12.51

248.00 233.36 57.14 176.22 2.03 0.11 12.50

249.21 233.64 58.56 175.07 2.25 0.16 13.17

238.48 223.87 58.40 165.47 1.99 0.16 12.46

Total exports 77.44 75.09 60.46 48.08 47.18 41.66 47.55 Hard coal 52.78 51.51 41.58 35.58 34.42 30.01 32.66 Coking coal .. 20.95 19.56 9.76 6.71 6.47 7.88 Steam coal .. 30.56 22.02 25.82 27.71 23.54 24.78 Brown coal / lignite 1.43 4.55 4.75 3.82 2.50 2.70 2.61 Peat 0.00 0.12 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.04 Coal products(1) 23.23 19.03 14.00 8.63 10.22 8.90 12.24 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

46.77 32.39 7.07 25.32 2.46 0.02 11.90

37.48 22.91 4.81 18.10 3.30 0.01 11.25

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.41

OECD Europe 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Hard Coal

92461

126676

157541

195213

236117

235183

257544

259572

247967

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

40078 4497 294 909 10550 6190 79 8745 105

49216 4326 224 1072 8326 4668 66 21591 182

55545 10043 2812 774 3141 2570 65 28433 80

56071 21758 7072 3388 2 3125 16900 31

52255 20587 6067 3656 108 2955 12490 100

52941 20394 6735 3366 289 3253 6 13840 187

56065 22012 7028 4562 3 4053 13440 74

58116 22533 7690 4678 3246 15076 115

57865 21866 6633 3891 1 3400 17954 192

206 3005 5498

544 2992 5225

1 24 46 158 2419 4979

2 140 441 388 2327 26 418 53 -

1976 275 433 1918 543 969 178

279 193 295 2658 548 872 26

291 206 65 2651 713 815 40 112

70 154 150 2183 654 1059 508

158 328 494 1340 82 1023 75 428

52383 2955 816 243 6716 15647 2285 499 980

77460 4875 695 255 4145 16971 4184 14231 1406

101996 9790 832 327 2124 10802 2423 20504 3548

139142 9416 12 2393 437 17721 593 4724 3665

183862 10442 286 1801 549 15210 303 3749 2464

182242 7533 807 1004 572 14771 297 2364 2725

201479 6476 210 1214 435 13987 194 3379 2670

201456 7717 804 1368 433 9511 268 5541 4892

190102 6318 271 2143 507 6414 385 12839 6289

21 10814 2863 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other 8544 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

417 20027 2405 7849

2783 9060 194 26099 6115 1475 5920

1887 22306 8230 42810 15292 894 3081 561 5120

3112 25621 13559 55859 41242 2205 1397 321 5742

1898 26517 14251 52971 48664 3021 1142 213 3492

2009 28536 20555 55207 57640 2696 1091 396 4784

2506 31756 17115 48586 59555 2139 1305 174 7786

1711 29891 15625 37948 58817 3270 1083 75 6516

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.42 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

OECD Europe 10. COKING COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

35537

21303

19781

9747

6757

6663

8092

7234

4911

25095 1283 2383 6331 154 54 4005 804 286 1426 125 122 5126 1826 387 18 89 573 103

17617 1131 1242 3 27 4817 206 99 3105 214 1 1109 80 60 4345 648 124 406 -

11025 1351 858 203 1697 144 3 1017 573 52 3681 649 3 794 -

8106 1844 1 214 717 108 1061 1010 4 323 53 538 1570 65 494 100 4 -

6717 1713 169 462 20 354 253 266 385 5 4 572 2308 118 88 -

6172 1514 20 523 13 30 397 449 1 295 48 592 1909 99 212 70

7363 1517 4 944 80 208 604 1 94 30 1367 2299 142 73 -

7035 1458 16 1032 25 16 580 106 9 1863 1905 25 -

4871 1230 136 877 18 23 324 37 565 1661 -

2491 15 520 5 1951

2657 235 115 166 145 1996

4676 1249 100 284 100 1249 1694

1641 143 529 62 2 2 903

38 37 1

491 355 2 134

729 70 298 361

199 199

32 32

Non-Specified/Other 7951 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

1029

4080

-

2

-

-

-

8

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.43

OECD Europe 11. STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

33590

34150

24778

29263

30666

27401

27189

28415

20198

25347 275 2633 274 4161 4095 6035 3171 1 540 1530 52 938 167 15 237 21 244 90 74 149 645

27662 438 2373 2302 4348 3692 5306 4138 1 12 772 1242 96 1409 108 9 322 13 250 318 226 287

20278 1 1216 1471 2282 1347 2815 1167 4722 18 793 600 61 3 1341 307 1 186 275 858 52 762 -

28330 1312 684 864 2382 1228 2413 14426 2 279 7 468 923 93 363 597 15 5 286 441 170 20 1351 1

29860 1622 700 1 783 1410 1272 2606 16180 69 258 16 649 96 42 517 592 7 216 294 102 334 8 19 1999 68

26868 1201 865 19 719 1154 963 3116 12840 144 300 45 595 245 38 651 496 82 437 257 58 208 8 66 2314 47

27002 1316 482 42 946 745 567 2708 15709 133 264 88 509 155 30 612 417 17 144 206 145 297 17 1389 64

28017 1285 233 32 1377 821 274 1652 16897 172 158 91 519 806 96 1 868 387 22 228 169 203 303 2 1389 32

19970 908 280 892 627 128 1894 9922 76 104 59 459 1577 74 798 344 282 254 143 153 86 101 809 -

85 31 54

120 12 33 1 74

722 10 1 1 16 375 3 316

905 2 1 3 16 4 879

684 1 1 46 501 1 134

531 4 1 5 436 4 81

174 17 1 1 4 2 13 1 135

394 16 1 275 4 16 82

177 5 22 1 23 40 2 84

Non-Specified/Other 8158 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

6368

3778

28

122

2

13

4

51

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.44 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

OECD Europe 12. COAL IMPORT VALUES BY ORIGIN* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne) 1988

1990

1995

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

56.95

65.01

58.49

59.61

78.12

109.61

125.86

126.10

197.62

53.10 52.85 182.83 54.82 57.30 .. 96.23 39.86 50.68

67.29 64.53 67.03 63.98 63.07 63.56 68.65 58.81 57.44

57.03 57.02 82.00 59.26 61.20 51.72 59.04 49.65 56.00

58.03 61.31 .. 62.24 64.18 81.65 166.16 39.20 47.45

73.63 76.64 98.50 108.71 84.75 198.13 84.09 61.31 86.41

114.89 113.81 242.07 138.92 110.91 219.14 104.26 71.77 86.05

135.52 137.66 112.10 118.82 123.44 146.38 2611.31 66.18 81.32

127.97 129.45 133.32 139.47 126.16 238.11 92.53 96.82 86.75

219.74 218.81 235.16 245.85 174.66 276.79 167.74 141.18 142.20

46.49 52.64 47.51 41.94 61.91 71.27 69.83 Imports from: Australia 43.69 52.03 45.06 46.83 69.05 106.40 109.71 Canada 50.10 52.72 44.71 88.14 87.68 119.03 146.42 Czech Republic 57.22 65.54 63.84 64.04 83.24 113.59 102.69 Poland 51.56 61.05 46.78 43.26 68.95 78.34 75.65 United States 54.21 54.69 49.12 47.37 61.50 86.75 82.08 China 39.56 49.36 45.29 51.38 60.61 93.41 150.20 Colombia 39.48 52.60 43.42 41.65 61.54 67.98 66.07 South Africa 37.44 45.18 43.76 39.10 58.00 67.64 66.24 Former USSR(2) 38.63 44.69 42.55 42.22 65.14 68.46 68.03 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs.

82.27

138.12

103.93 112.33 112.36 94.13 97.50 73.02 78.15 80.22 79.10

185.19 180.46 158.65 156.01 137.82 161.11 138.18 142.06 132.27

Coking coal(1) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former USSR(2) Steam coal(3)

(1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former USSR until 1991, Russia starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.45

IEA Total* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 8000

140

7000

120

6000

100

5000

80

4000

60

3000 40 2000 20

1000

0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 1800

1800

1600

1600

1400

1400

1200

1200

1000

1000

800

800

600

600

400

400

200

200

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1977

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 12000

14000

10000

12000 10000

8000

8000 6000 6000 4000

4000

2000

2000

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

1983 Oil

1989

1995 Gas

2001

2007

Other

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.46 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

IEA Total 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

TPES (Mtce) 5243.76 5649.05 6221.38 Coal and peat 1202.16 1375.18 1516.06 Oil 2745.29 2668.15 2529.00 Gas 993.33 1083.01 1166.44 Comb. renew/waste 114.04 145.64 191.21 Nuclear 70.31 231.79 641.77 Hydro 109.83 130.81 140.33 Geothermal 7.98 12.52 30.82 Solar, wind, tide 0.07 0.10 2.67 Net electricity trade(1) 0.74 1.86 3.05 Heat(2) 0.03 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

7284.59 1553.32 2859.41 1599.36 239.97 832.57 157.12 33.87 8.17 0.27 0.54

7546.47 1613.62 2907.59 1663.19 284.40 873.10 153.67 29.00 19.33 1.88 0.69

7582.82 1640.67 2863.71 1726.24 304.05 842.38 150.23 29.69 23.96 1.22 0.68

7489.70 1613.16 2745.83 1765.03 308.20 841.78 152.49 32.29 28.84 1.44 0.64

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 1.01 1.37 -0.48 0.95 3.09 13.89 1.45 8.27 24.04 8.72 -

1.17 0.47 0.73 2.33 2.77 1.61 0.40 -0.22 13.77 -5.25 20.72

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

11944 14382 19544 25178 28637 29343 0.44 0.39 0.32 0.29 0.26 0.26 Population (millions) 848.6 898.7 962.1 1031.3 1072.4 1079.3 TPES/population(1) 6.18 6.29 6.47 7.06 7.04 7.03 TPES/GDP(2) 151.7 135.8 110.0 100.0 91.1 89.3 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 163.1 155.0 125.7 100.0 91.3 90.6 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 97.1 101.4 99.8 100.0 96.2 95.9 Elec. generation (TWh) 4415 5574 7440 9407 10201 10376 Industrial production(2) .. .. .. .. .. .. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

29575 0.25 1084.7 6.91 87.5 88.4 .. 10358 ..

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 2.94 -1.87 0.74 0.27 -1.87 -1.52 0.16 3.12 -

2.42 -1.22 0.68 0.49 -1.22 -1.91 -0.23 1.98 -

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

288.05 740.20 213.08 2.30

302.45 845.73 230.24 2.67

277.37 957.17 272.07 4.96

226.32 932.55 215.09 3.38

224.28 994.09 216.42 6.00

244.48 981.92 218.03 2.62

248.77 990.31 215.16 2.90

-0.31 2.17 2.06 6.61

-0.74 0.15 -1.29 -3.68

Mt: Coking coal 293.39 307.01 279.57 233.06 233.69 255.08 259.78 Steam coal 890.40 1025.03 1161.13 1143.47 1254.56 1242.70 1253.92 Brown coal 666.16 699.43 814.28 620.84 621.82 626.15 617.35 Peat 8.05 9.34 14.68 10.36 17.65 7.76 8.56 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

-0.40 2.24 1.69 5.13

-0.54 0.40 -1.53 -3.68

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.47

IEA Total 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

3949.89 406.16 2220.77 726.10 109.69 0.07 457.50 29.59

4083.52 353.02 2173.32 793.78 137.48 0.10 0.04 574.89 50.88

4279.61 325.76 2183.01 823.24 116.39 2.18 2.04 769.45 57.55

5008.87 193.97 2529.32 1041.83 175.35 3.19 4.35 992.96 67.90

5210.70 184.33 2631.91 1028.89 185.91 4.22 4.22 1077.08 94.15

5201.95 191.81 2610.55 1005.35 199.06 4.35 4.39 1086.66 99.77

5220.31 189.54 2571.78 1032.58 209.22 4.60 4.82 1110.19 97.57

0.47 -1.29 -0.10 0.74 0.35 22.27 3.11 3.99

1.18 -3.14 0.97 1.34 3.51 4.51 5.17 2.18 3.15

1343.76 254.16 439.42 353.37 58.14 223.17 15.52

1307.81 224.19 386.25 346.04 67.91 261.37 22.05

1131.93 223.35 226.52 306.30 48.26 0.31 0.01 307.51 19.68

1242.41 166.06 192.00 386.54 96.55 0.36 0.14 378.66 22.11

1187.27 156.61 195.59 342.84 93.18 0.37 0.18 364.75 33.76

1196.64 163.06 188.43 340.89 100.95 0.37 0.18 364.14 38.63

1202.52 161.56 176.33 354.54 100.35 0.39 0.18 371.14 38.04

-1.00 -0.76 -3.82 -0.84 -1.09 1.90 1.41

0.36 -1.89 -1.46 0.86 4.40 1.25 17.74 1.11 3.95

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

971.14 10.30 929.04 24.28

1079.79 3.64 1043.34 24.22

1294.92 0.40 1256.91 26.68

1575.97 0.14 1527.04 29.96

1664.95 0.15 1604.83 29.80

1678.01 0.12 1610.20 29.73

1694.45 0.13 1615.31 31.63

1.71 -17.38 1.79 0.56

1.59 -6.50 1.49 1.01

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.00 7.51 768.16 95.33 278.51 219.46

0.00 8.59 774.51 83.53 206.54 255.33

0.00 10.93 823.94 63.90 160.89 285.02

5.75 13.08 957.16 19.39 170.56 367.43

16.27 13.90 1001.48 16.74 158.12 391.27

24.26 13.70 968.35 18.61 146.05 371.24

33.54 13.84 964.86 17.27 130.09 376.75

-2.02 2.23 0.41 -2.33 -3.18 1.55

x 1.40 0.93 -7.41 -1.24 1.65

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

31.90 0.07 131.82 11.07 405.47 24.34 185.43 104.05

33.61 0.10 0.04 175.98 19.38 416.59 26.26 149.36 113.78

46.29 0.76 1.91 238.31 26.87 500.55 22.83 119.32 144.59

65.24 1.65 3.99 300.66 28.23 610.98 4.35 112.78 187.13

67.99 2.39 3.82 339.73 21.42 663.54 5.90 110.87 198.96

64.78 2.49 3.97 340.03 21.18 659.29 5.34 98.78 196.39

65.97 2.70 4.25 347.48 20.37 660.30 5.29 86.17 202.27

2.21 14.91 3.54 5.35 1.25 -0.38 -2.56 1.95

2.11 7.77 4.82 2.24 -1.62 1.64 -8.24 -1.90 1.99

Comb. renew/waste 1.16 1.54 0.52 Geothermal 0.19 Solar, wind, tide 0.09 Electricity 89.28 122.44 204.79 Heat 1.21 3.21 8.23 Non-energy use 311.38 334.04 398.79 Coal and peat 4.42 3.27 3.11 Oil 299.79 309.21 349.17 Gas 7.18 21.56 46.51 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

3.73 0.72 0.11 291.10 11.07 510.73 2.06 454.64 54.03

6.01 0.98 0.16 330.35 10.30 539.50 2.66 489.70 47.14

6.35 1.01 0.17 340.31 10.94 544.25 2.68 495.53 46.04

6.59 1.03 0.30 347.72 10.94 544.82 3.52 494.56 46.74

-4.63 5.01 11.96 1.47 -2.04 0.90 11.62

16.14 10.42 7.24 3.16 1.69 1.85 0.72 2.07 0.03

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.48 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

IEA Total 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

1166.8 173.5 -158.7 20.5

1381.1 235.0 -214.8 -26.1

1511.6 310.4 -284.9 -21.0

1377.3 423.4 -305.5 58.2

1440.8 529.6 -332.1 -24.7

1447.1 543.0 -350.9 1.5

1457.1 537.2 -371.1 -10.1

1.5 3.5 3.5 x

-0.3 3.3 1.2 x

Primary supply

1202.2

1375.2

1516.1

1553.3

1613.6

1640.7

1613.2

1.4

0.5

Statistical difference

21.3

-19.3

4.9

5.4

-9.9

-18.6

..

x

x

Total transformation

-780.2

-974.7

-1173.3

-1344.7

-1392.8

-1410.9

..

2.4

1.1

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-638.8 -617.7 -21.1

-850.0 -786.5 -63.6

-1068.0 -1000.7 -67.3

-1249.9 -1196.9 -53.0

-1307.9 -1263.2 -44.8

-1327.6 -1283.1 -44.5

.. .. ..

3.1 2.9 7.1

1.3 1.5 -2.4

-12.0

-8.6

-6.4

-3.6

-3.7

-3.3

..

-3.7

-3.8

-129.4 2.2 -93.2 -37.6 -0.8

-116.1 1.4 -79.5 -38.1 0.1

-99.0 -1.0 -74.1 -19.3 -4.6

-91.2 -0.3 -75.9 -15.0 -0.0

-81.2 -0.5 -70.4 -13.9 3.6

-80.0 -0.4 -72.3 -12.6 5.3

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.6 -1.3 -3.9 11.2

-1.2 -5.4 -0.1 -2.5 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-

-

-33.7

-26.7

-21.0

-19.0

-17.7

-20.2

..

-2.7

-0.2

-3.3

-1.5

-0.8

-1.1

-1.4

-1.5

..

x

x

406.2

353.0

325.8

194.0

191.8

189.5

..

-1.3

-3.1

254.2 131.3 26.4 20.3 11.6

224.2 103.8 24.7 32.1 11.2

223.3 80.0 27.9 41.1 16.1

166.1 60.2 18.0 35.5 8.1

163.1 55.6 16.5 31.1 11.1

161.6 53.5 15.4 32.5 10.6

.. .. .. .. ..

-0.8 -2.9 0.3 4.2 2.0

-1.9 -2.3 -3.4 -1.4 -2.4

10.3

3.6

0.4

0.1

0.1

0.1

..

-17.4

-6.5

137.3 24.3 95.3

121.9 26.3 83.5

98.9 22.8 63.9

25.7 4.3 19.4

25.9 5.3 18.6

24.3 5.3 17.3

.. .. ..

-1.9 -0.4 -2.3

-7.9 -8.2 -7.4

Non-energy use 4.4 3.3 3.1 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2.1

2.7

3.5

..

-2.0

0.7

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.49

IEA Total 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

913.64 701.37 651.67 49.70 25.21 2.40 0.01 1.83 92.99 9.59 13.82 27.16 9.02 33.41 57.64 0.08

1024.52 809.95 758.04 51.90 26.39 2.25 0.01 1.61 101.62 8.42 17.07 33.86 9.62 32.65 55.46 0.11

1193.41 1001.32 953.47 47.85 22.83 5.97 4.41 0.38 115.59 7.09 22.51 41.34 15.77 28.89 33.37 0.33

1357.69 1224.30 1191.33 32.97 2.06 11.46 10.46 99.16 7.26 17.38 36.28 8.52 29.72 17.45 0.36

1483.52 1215.54 1188.75 26.78 122.25 11.65 9.74 94.62 9.06 14.62 31.32 11.35 28.26 17.25 0.68

1490.24 1245.35 1219.82 25.54 96.99 11.62 10.29 98.71 9.46 14.64 31.65 11.68 31.29 17.27 0.52

1520.00 1237.22 1211.35 25.87 130.12 12.57 10.13 100.69 9.34 14.16 33.42 11.38 32.39 17.39 0.72

2.25 3.01 3.22 -0.32 -0.82 7.88 75.96 -12.22 1.83 -2.49 4.15 3.56 4.77 -1.20 -4.45 12.80

1.43 1.25 1.42 -3.55 10.78 4.47 5.02 -0.81 1.63 -2.69 -1.24 -1.90 0.67 -3.76 4.70

288.75 7.14 6.19 0.95 271.50 6.91 0.26 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.18 0.28 -

304.78 10.83 9.59 1.25 285.85 0.28 6.33 0.25 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.21 0.33 -

252.55 18.23 14.32 3.91 225.18 6.71 0.26 2.13 1.63 0.49 0.16 -

204.54 13.37 10.17 3.20 170.35 15.81 2.57 0.18 0.00 0.00 2.39 0.10 0.23

189.76 12.70 10.73 1.97 2.81 156.05 18.75 0.78 0.21 0.57 0.13 0.22

193.61 12.20 9.95 2.25 2.26 160.16 19.03 0.71 0.49 0.22 0.11 0.23

197.29 13.48 11.40 2.08 2.37 159.45 21.28 0.42 0.19 0.01 0.21 0.08 0.23

-1.11 8.12 7.23 12.52 -1.55 -23.92 19.18 30.01 8.98 -4.53 -

-1.44 -1.76 -1.33 -3.64 -2.01 7.03 -9.15 -11.78 -4.85 -4.21 -

666.47 700.63 825.39 427.96 456.10 613.94 410.91 435.18 584.14 17.05 20.91 29.80 137.19 142.64 110.75 6.40 6.34 8.49 51.14 50.46 45.10 1.12 1.44 2.25 14.39 15.72 11.02 1.65 1.67 2.12 4.51 4.63 2.09 29.47 26.99 27.63 28.94 37.01 41.60 Non-energy use 0.83 0.82 0.67 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

629.83 584.84 576.18 8.66 13.13 7.02 17.14 1.00 3.52 0.90 0.58 11.14 8.82 0.16

629.47 588.70 580.57 8.12 13.33 6.88 10.66 0.89 3.43 0.56 0.51 5.28 8.07 0.21

621.22 575.08 567.03 8.05 13.73 7.10 11.70 0.84 3.41 0.68 0.43 6.34 9.33 0.20

630.26 587.85 582.36 5.48 12.88 6.82 10.77 0.80 2.04 0.87 0.45 6.62 9.54 0.20

1.80 3.05 2.97 4.76 -1.77 2.38 -1.04 6.02 -2.20 2.10 -6.21 -0.54 3.07 -1.78

-1.57 -0.26 -0.02 -9.48 -11.89 -1.28 -8.08 -5.93 -9.46 -5.11 -8.68 -8.06 -8.30 -6.86

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.50 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

IEA Total 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(US dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal .. Coking coal .. High sulphur fuel oil .. Low sulphur fuel oil .. Natural gas .. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

173.50 144.44 .. .. 5.30 23.75

235.03 208.89 124.90 83.99 5.73 20.40

310.36 289.32 139.42 149.90 7.18 0.10 13.76

423.36 397.16 134.79 262.38 5.35 0.10 20.75

511.68 482.44 136.49 345.96 5.58 0.16 23.49

496.24 471.88 132.43 339.45 5.72 0.13 18.51

529.59 505.31 136.15 369.16 5.06 0.11 19.11

542.99 518.52 140.03 378.49 5.64 0.16 18.67

537.22 510.29 140.50 369.79 7.86 0.16 18.92

Total exports 158.67 214.84 284.90 305.54 315.11 325.92 332.06 Hard coal 131.78 187.26 262.96 289.21 298.74 310.87 313.60 Coking coal .. 124.91 160.15 162.06 159.18 176.06 171.14 Steam coal .. 62.34 102.82 127.15 139.56 134.81 142.46 Brown coal / lignite 1.44 4.58 4.79 3.84 2.66 2.88 2.84 Peat 0.00 0.12 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.04 Coal products(1) 25.46 23.00 17.03 12.43 13.68 12.13 15.59 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

350.87 333.41 185.71 147.71 2.83 0.02 14.61

371.11 352.84 198.86 153.97 4.34 0.01 13.92

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.51

IEA Total 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

164431

216985

304748

439237

534088

531495

566038

585357

575611

98417 29796 11598 909 10948 6619 79 24605 116

121819 32520 11811 1072 8326 5055 66 48276 252

136252 49608 16128 774 3141 2570 52 43199 305

138556 67156 17972 3388 2 3118 24037 391

140345 68654 14050 3656 108 2949 5 18098 407

135915 65876 15011 3366 289 3246 6 19348 433

139585 68690 15484 4562 3 4053 17773 384

143749 73429 17796 4678 3246 18651 275

144138 66470 18740 3891 1 3400 23443 610

420 2566 5249 5512

979 3347 4890 5225

2803 177 714 3213 8569 4999

9557 140 6327 991 4825 26 454 80 92

14641 287 9201 456 6058 613 969 193

10111 202 9850 320 6326 548 872 111

9194 222 10622 90 6689 713 815 40 251

5967 163 10659 284 6386 648 1059 508

4114 348 17211 494 3686 82 1023 75 550

66014 4556 970 243 6716 16292 2285 9296 980

95166 9137 1099 255 4145 17246 4184 24092 1406

168496 34664 9885 327 2124 10802 2428 35842 3686

300681 76734 10111 2393 431 17721 589 21162 4289

393743 94863 5156 1801 540 15278 352 14735 3269

395580 95587 6124 1004 533 14840 298 9943 3278

426453 94805 7130 1214 435 13968 177 12614 3377

441608 100622 9697 1368 365 9508 262 13467 5212

431473 120150 4532 2143 507 6414 390 19176 6231

534 11967 3012 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other 9163 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

1503 9 21112 2638 8340

6287 10450 1000 33156 9517 1752 150 6426

34740 29224 23066 46319 20815 894 4985 1573 5635

42637 41648 47184 55933 51967 2430 6127 3558 6265

35029 47850 52903 53092 59659 3183 5108 2699 4450

31368 53664 66637 55514 69221 2696 5343 3282 5008

30242 57688 69054 49170 73545 2237 5036 3199 10936

29942 55160 56389 38745 75029 3323 3247 2820 7275

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.52 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

IEA Total 10. COKING COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

107072

126266

162286

168603

167676

185601

180273

195578

209638

90281 1283 3860 5410 8972 714 245 8393 43380 2503 286 10 3347 193 387 5126 3257 840 18 498 1402 157

111797 1131 4257 5694 144 47 9802 1916 511 6 198 9863 56488 4260 1 28 3828 332 365 4345 3517 1197 99 796 2972 -

122399 1351 7450 4018 50 330 8494 877 28 3 8734 55410 7852 3 5273 99 805 3681 4499 1568 3 2869 8230 772

127377 122 1844 4551 3501 214 1005 6629 4891 1075 48 4 7381 52798 15305 1406 4745 95 538 198 1570 4163 2128 46 3954 8626 540

117684 1713 2733 3431 462 20 1090 5657 3862 553 385 82 5 4607 49895 13986 1704 7461 32 572 88 2308 3742 1777 22 3139 6449 1909

130728 1753 3429 4034 523 1181 5535 4373 449 57 15 6494 54153 17931 1582 8020 18 592 1909 4218 1690 3599 7366 1807

124623 1547 3594 4134 944 1172 5061 4658 674 19 1 6507 52688 12277 2125 9336 1367 2353 3109 1596 3357 6606 1498

128451 1583 3363 3299 1032 719 5645 2805 580 30 6595 57550 11482 1565 10034 19 2264 2820 3323 1741 3826 6708 1468

138136 1524 4713 3266 877 228 970 5532 4029 276 499 50 68 5948 60079 14405 2193 9950 78 2117 2538 3871 1825 257 4504 6772 1567

8840 2121 1186 218 232 1348 521 951 69 2194

13350 3725 1196 1021 490 1120 808 1808 168 3014

30609 8867 3155 1009 5179 50 3915 1068 2621 1823 2922

37791 10695 7713 1211 10795 56 505 1825 1869 1316 1806

43729 8779 6749 1157 14304 311 2735 2050 6447 1197

50743 8376 8365 1414 18271 129 593 3184 2381 6363 1667

46195 9288 8937 1392 17081 194 146 881 2513 3937 1826

55935 10870 8036 1951 20334 273 543 2789 2692 4059 4388

56783 10769 6463 1737 25668 281 1998 2664 1895 2695 2613

Non-Specified/Other 7951 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

1119

9278

3435

6263

4130

9455

11192

14719

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.53

IEA Total 11. STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

49931

70198

112918

143989

159180

155267

161875

168752

175420

40497 275 2660 8782 274 4620 4095 6755 4157 1 540 1552 1732 356 52 1285 167 15 237 21 244 90 79 1081 1427

59836 438 3859 10136 2302 6260 3925 8815 6012 5 12 931 2166 5007 563 96 3596 108 33 322 983 289 318 3312 348

93309 2 1216 3778 10083 2282 5817 2815 3859 5231 33 2248 5051 30637 4352 3 188 9559 1 369 1 1572 762 1034 81 15 2095 225

120304 1312 1541 13524 864 2594 1228 3411 15020 112 279 7 1208 1430 51874 13730 93 373 3556 16 671 15 348 286 2327 253 20 110 3866 236

134568 1622 1258 12681 783 2262 1272 3274 16814 69 258 16 1626 727 60676 16886 42 2367 2698 106 592 7 781 294 1559 453 8 67 4436 934

128797 1201 1293 13644 719 1220 963 3613 13088 144 300 45 1163 409 58536 18719 38 4579 2240 56 496 82 580 257 729 443 8 178 3668 386

135249 1316 845 13951 946 1371 927 3644 16278 133 264 88 509 155 60978 21157 30 4918 1506 82 417 17 411 206 1464 366 17 2866 387

134884 1360 770 13418 1377 1053 450 3438 18035 172 158 91 847 941 60912 16041 96 5218 3943 85 387 22 486 169 1189 404 2 1 3567 252

144332 908 1465 17553 892 766 313 3841 11178 142 104 59 1060 1864 69266 20736 74 1350 4264 80 344 391 645 143 1688 483 250 34 4232 207

384 11 76 32 82 129 54

3006 110 1521 462 89 576 166 82

14604 345 6866 1 2551 48 1058 49 1057 642 1624 363

23103 22 10034 2 421 2469 2623 828 1438 4321 945

23803 883 9896 1 1202 2105 1716 135 859 1358 5354 294

26268 726 14330 4 374 1679 1170 844 499 681 5765 196

26316 231 13208 17 77 1567 321 931 192 1206 8357 209

33864 206 16235 16 14 746 679 1151 2487 1464 10716 150

30840 435 18559 22 734 505 73 1738 1353 7035 386

Non-Specified/Other 9050 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

7356

5005

582

809

202

310

4

248

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.54 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

IEA North America* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 4000

160

3500

140

3000

120

2500

100

2000

80

1500

60 40

1000

20

500

0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 1000

900

900

800

800

700

700

600

600

500

500 400

400

300

300 200

200

100

100

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1977

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 6000

7000

5000

6000 5000

4000

4000 3000 3000 2000

2000

1000

1000

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001 Other

2007

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.55

IEA North America 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

TPES (Mtce) 2698.98 2853.25 3031.21 Coal and peat 466.16 567.80 689.50 Oil 1281.25 1264.93 1190.51 Gas 788.26 746.19 704.23 Comb. renew/waste 64.73 88.77 100.75 Nuclear 39.01 113.96 255.40 Hydro 56.52 65.11 70.01 Geothermal 3.01 6.57 20.14 Solar, wind, tide 0.46 Net electricity trade(1) 0.03 -0.06 0.20 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

3620.64 821.79 1368.53 888.31 121.30 324.09 75.15 18.70 2.98 -0.21 -

3674.29 826.25 1450.76 830.89 128.68 340.34 79.51 12.34 5.60 -0.09 -

3727.59 834.61 1434.50 882.05 134.21 346.28 75.93 12.55 6.74 0.73 -

3663.52 826.59 1349.63 902.93 136.76 346.88 76.71 14.87 9.10 0.06 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 0.69 2.33 -0.43 -0.66 2.64 11.69 1.27 11.83 11.90 -

1.22 1.13 1.10 1.33 1.70 1.81 0.48 -2.74 17.08 7.90 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

4630 5540 7599 10490 12087 12337 0.58 0.52 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.30 Population (millions) 234.4 252.2 277.9 313.1 331.8 335.1 TPES/population(1) 11.51 11.31 10.91 11.56 11.07 11.13 TPES/GDP(2) 168.9 149.2 115.6 100.0 88.1 87.5 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 128.5 130.8 115.8 100.0 87.3 86.4 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 107.4 110.8 105.8 100.0 92.0 92.5 Elec. generation (TWh) 2236 2801 3685 4631 4890 4963 Industrial production(2) .. .. .. .. .. .. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

12470 0.29 338.3 10.83 85.1 84.6 .. 4962 ..

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 2.96 -2.21 1.01 -0.32 -2.21 -0.61 -0.09 2.98 -

2.89 -1.62 1.11 0.12 -1.62 -1.71 -0.79 1.77 -

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

106.78 421.01 23.37 -

132.98 505.67 30.53 -

121.63 646.92 55.94 -

78.90 690.82 57.79 -

64.71 747.68 57.77 -

68.83 735.75 54.97 -

78.37 747.10 53.32 -

1.09 3.64 7.54 -

-3.29 0.76 -0.10 -

Mt: Coking coal 105.98 131.87 120.92 82.45 70.60 75.30 85.31 Steam coal 487.96 598.48 770.40 845.33 950.77 939.21 954.45 Brown coal 44.51 59.30 110.57 112.98 112.53 106.93 103.57 Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

1.10 3.88 7.88 -

-2.75 1.17 -0.20 -

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.56 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

IEA North America 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2066.58 112.81 1098.78 558.62 64.35 231.88 0.14

2094.79 86.42 1098.76 533.76 88.28 286.10 1.47

2073.36 82.11 1074.40 494.70 42.70 0.48 374.92 4.05

2478.08 49.80 1248.86 590.42 88.34 0.74 2.06 489.08 8.77

2539.37 48.66 1344.15 526.56 91.55 1.22 1.76 519.42 6.06

2523.66 49.29 1336.15 506.84 98.53 1.32 1.83 518.31 11.39

2561.16 48.25 1323.62 538.08 104.00 1.48 1.89 532.36 11.49

0.02 -1.85 -0.13 -0.71 -2.38 2.87 22.06

1.25 -3.08 1.23 0.50 5.38 6.85 2.08 6.33

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

627.58 92.64 123.24 270.24 48.97 92.35 0.14

624.92 74.78 144.40 239.61 56.35 108.34 1.43

470.95 67.93 72.91 181.05 21.06 127.09 0.90

551.38 46.13 45.88 224.56 62.25 0.16 165.29 7.11

488.38 44.45 62.83 179.60 56.92 0.15 139.49 4.92

497.98 46.55 59.30 182.55 62.68 0.16 137.62 9.13

499.10 45.14 53.35 191.22 61.04 0.17 139.04 9.14

-1.67 -1.81 -3.04 -2.33 -4.84 1.90 11.73

0.34 -2.38 -1.82 0.32 6.46 0.53 14.61

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

639.81 0.18 614.65 24.06

670.84 646.77 23.41

758.12 731.07 26.15

914.83 880.51 28.48

977.29 937.70 26.37

982.61 938.70 26.09

990.65 939.56 27.52

1.00 1.03 0.49

1.59 1.49 0.30

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.92 375.63 4.77 120.29 170.29

0.66 348.39 2.35 74.47 170.28

0.91 340.99 2.17 44.32 162.73

4.74 1.10 421.34 1.99 50.22 185.84

11.77 1.45 432.82 0.05 44.51 180.73

16.36 1.46 404.94 0.06 37.89 164.42

22.07 1.50 427.59 0.05 39.23 178.22

-0.10 -0.57 -4.54 -5.70 -0.27

3.00 1.34 -19.79 -0.72 0.54

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

2.73 77.55 236.58 4.87 78.65 94.03

2.73 98.57 229.78 2.63 52.80 96.74

2.30 129.47 0.00 258.52 3.41 36.26 99.39

17.44 0.31 2.06 163.48 314.99 1.30 32.05 119.98

19.65 0.57 1.76 185.54 0.00 330.69 2.98 36.12 113.86

15.98 0.66 1.83 184.10 0.00 324.30 2.17 32.97 107.50

17.35 0.79 1.89 190.06 0.00 336.09 2.41 32.48 114.32

-1.01 3.06 0.52 -2.07 -4.45 0.33

12.63 2.28 4.16 1.56 -2.03 -0.65 0.83

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity 59.03 77.57 116.38 Heat 0.04 3.08 Non-energy use 137.18 162.28 191.52 Coal and peat 0.18 0.47 Oil 137.18 158.76 166.39 Gas 3.33 24.67 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1.77 0.27 158.01 1.59 247.17 0.38 216.07 30.73

2.94 0.49 173.24 1.07 262.61 0.56 236.65 25.39

3.09 0.50 175.86 2.21 265.21 0.49 239.07 25.65

3.01 0.52 181.06 2.29 259.33 0.57 232.65 26.12

4.07 1.98 1.14 -

2.63 -1.73 1.80 1.24 1.99 0.34

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.57

IEA North America 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

492.9 16.0 -55.2 12.5

669.2 16.9 -97.9 -20.4

824.5 16.6 -126.2 -25.4

827.5 35.3 -79.9 38.9

870.2 50.7 -65.6 -29.1

859.5 50.6 -74.5 -1.0

878.8 47.6 -95.9 -4.0

3.1 0.2 5.0 x

0.2 6.8 -3.0 x

Primary supply

466.2

567.8

689.5

821.8

826.3

834.6

826.6

2.3

1.1

Statistical difference

18.7

-10.9

12.2

7.3

-19.8

-16.2

..

x

x

Total transformation

-363.4

-466.8

-617.6

-777.2

-753.6

-766.6

..

3.2

1.3

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-321.7 -321.7 -

-438.7 -438.7 -0.0

-595.8 -589.5 -6.2

-756.2 -739.3 -17.0

-740.3 -733.8 -6.5

-755.6 -750.3 -5.3

.. .. ..

3.7 3.6 -

1.4 1.4 -0.9

-0.1

-

-2.7

-2.7

-2.9

-2.6

..

26.3

-0.2

-41.6 -27.7 -13.9 -

-28.2 -18.4 -9.8 -

-19.1 -12.9 -6.2 -

-18.2 -12.3 -5.9 -

-10.4 -10.1 -4.2 3.9

-8.3 -9.7 -4.4 5.8

.. .. .. .. ..

-4.5 -4.4 -4.6 -

-4.8 -1.7 -2.0 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-8.6

-3.6

-1.9

-2.1

-3.6

-3.5

..

-8.5

3.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

112.8

86.4

82.1

49.8

49.3

48.2

..

-1.9

-3.1

92.6 52.1 11.9 5.9 7.1

74.8 33.7 11.2 10.3 7.4

67.9 19.2 12.4 11.6 10.4

46.1 12.8 9.3 12.1 3.6

46.6 6.7 7.4 11.6 6.8

45.1 5.9 7.3 11.8 6.5

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.8 -5.7 0.2 4.1 2.2

-2.4 -6.7 -3.1 0.1 -2.7

0.2

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

20.0 4.9 4.8

11.5 2.6 2.4

13.7 3.4 2.2

3.3 1.3 2.0

2.3 2.2 0.1

2.5 2.4 0.1

.. .. ..

-2.2 -2.1 -4.5

-9.5 -2.0 -19.8

Non-energy use 0.2 0.5 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.4

0.5

0.6

..

-

1.2

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.58 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

IEA North America 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

496.24 418.38 418.37 0.01 46.04 3.73 10.34 11.88 7.82 12.27 8.58 -

560.62 491.32 491.31 0.01 46.33 2.53 12.72 11.62 8.27 11.19 5.40 0.02

715.52 649.21 642.91 6.29 0.18 53.39 1.70 14.26 12.65 11.37 13.42 6.03 0.26

884.21 851.28 835.80 15.48 2.50 37.51 1.35 10.51 13.26 4.10 8.29 3.70 0.33

948.85 776.07 769.56 6.51 119.79 1.25 37.49 0.27 7.23 12.55 6.84 10.60 3.60 0.53

937.06 793.31 788.45 4.85 94.20 1.41 38.89 0.41 7.50 12.82 7.25 10.91 2.64 0.44

952.46 779.38 774.76 4.62 127.67 1.55 37.67 0.41 7.38 13.05 7.05 9.78 2.79 0.53

3.10 3.73 3.65 66.36 1.24 -6.36 2.71 0.53 3.17 0.75 -2.90 -

1.70 1.08 1.10 -1.80 13.39 -2.03 -8.03 -3.80 0.18 -2.77 -1.84 -4.43 4.28

75.66 71.74 -

68.78 67.78 -

40.29 40.27 -

30.42 30.20 -

25.18 2.81 22.73 -

25.45 2.26 22.89 -

25.95 2.37 22.55 -

-5.12 -4.70 -

-2.55 -3.35 -

43.94 58.04 109.28 41.10 53.39 101.99 41.10 53.39 100.89 1.10 5.64 2.47 3.05 1.41 0.17 0.23 0.00 0.17 0.19 0.10 2.31 2.69 1.08 0.34 0.29 0.17 Non-energy use 0.09 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

114.73 110.09 108.85 1.25 5.67 1.59 0.24 0.00 0.10 1.25 0.12 0.14

115.90 109.76 107.70 2.06 5.39 0.39 0.24 0.01 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.16

112.49 103.89 101.88 2.01 5.59 0.39 0.24 0.01 0.06 0.09 0.06 0.16

109.63 102.79 102.79 5.33 0.42 0.26 0.01 0.06 0.09 0.16 0.16

7.89 7.87 7.77 -4.57 -4.60 -6.12 -5.64 -

0.02 0.05 0.11 -0.32 -6.87 0.51 12.13 -2.82 -13.43 -0.25 3.59

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.59

IEA North America 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(US dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal .. Coking coal .. High sulphur fuel oil .. Low sulphur fuel oil .. Natural gas .. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

15.98 14.72 .. .. 1.26

16.93 16.12 6.21 9.91 0.81

16.60 15.64 4.22 11.41 0.97

35.28 28.68 5.72 22.96 2.80 3.80

44.75 34.70 5.19 29.51 3.96 6.09

44.38 37.20 5.60 31.59 4.10 3.08

50.74 43.31 5.56 37.75 3.04 4.39

50.64 44.34 4.73 39.62 3.40 2.90

47.63 37.39 4.67 32.72 5.86 4.38

Total exports 55.24 97.89 126.22 79.86 61.59 65.55 65.58 Hard coal 53.62 96.02 125.51 78.58 60.19 63.75 63.88 Coking coal .. 71.71 84.68 54.27 42.74 46.70 44.44 Steam coal .. 24.31 40.83 24.31 17.45 17.05 19.43 Brown coal / lignite 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.16 0.18 0.23 Peat Coal products(1) 1.62 1.84 0.67 1.25 1.24 1.63 1.47 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

74.55 72.79 49.02 23.77 0.36 1.39

95.87 93.06 58.28 34.78 1.04 1.78

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.60 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

IEA North America 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

16929

16717

16618

30061

37432

41610

48559

49922

41994

5454 5454 -

6389 6389 -

4491 4491 -

5843 1511 4296 -

5416 182 1735 3429 -

5831 144 1458 4160 -

5786 72 1461 4133 -

4924 1469 3322 46

4866 1580 3286 -

-

-

-

36 -

70 -

9 60

7 113

87 -

-

11475 933 49 645 8796 -

10328 37 287 9245 -

12127 22 883 5 9639 -

24218 152 155 14090 6

32016 86 764 68 40 7371 103

35779 66 244 70 1 6318 39

42773 150 288 1 8537 96

44998 60 209 1 7873 32

37128 135 140 5 6033 1

996 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other 56 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

699 60

1296 277 5

173 6928 651 61 26 1904 72

132 16004 1979 31 275 225 4730 208

69 21333 2239 70 686 141 3951 85 467

55 25110 2855 256 1152 4252 21

46 25913 3323 597 98 3731 3115

42 25269 3060 226 53 2164 -

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.61

IEA North America 10. COKING COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

40450

71373

84419

58166

48196

52711

50149

55166

65242

36030 1103 5410 1468 560 3069 19925 1173 929 68 265 838 453 409 360 -

62263 2840 5694 141 20 4082 1710 364 6 198 5594 30625 1994 28 2390 252 305 2171 1073 99 796 1881 -

67287 5538 3988 50 127 4880 708 28 6536 26588 2908 3 3975 99 753 3156 866 1957 4355 772

45136 2717 3501 288 2782 1211 65 48 4467 12937 4947 740 2143 42 198 2331 642 2403 3134 540

36147 1309 3431 412 1388 2020 553 82 2677 7759 3848 1253 2787 32 88 1426 570 22 2457 2298 1735

41133 239 1528 4034 776 1610 2230 57 3672 8446 5497 994 2355 18 2029 464 2667 2915 1602

38266 30 1596 4134 795 1652 2607 70 19 4153 7523 4573 612 2297 54 1397 426 2186 2681 1461

41635 125 1424 3299 435 2176 2789 30 4202 8430 5228 546 2895 10 401 915 1563 483 2263 2953 1468

47901 294 1650 3266 210 666 2453 2411 126 175 50 68 3693 9876 6049 1336 3671 78 1552 877 1407 523 257 2659 2987 1567

4420 1942 205 218 200 673 1 914 24 243

9026 3490 359 749 263 853 642 1603 49 1018

11934 6327 357 586 50 1559 614 872 529 1040

9805 5564 1440 682 22 56 443 269 496 833

11960 4545 1438 1120 813 121 381 622 2333 587

11578 4831 1274 706 1078 547 377 575 1060 1130

11272 5519 1220 869 959 75 382 739 265 1244

12991 7262 1453 800 209 500 640 240 1887

16099 6903 71 1371 1439 1588 648 838 660 2581

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

84

5198

3225

89

-

611

540

1242

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.62 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

IEA North America 11. STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

10808

27123

42493

26922

20901

20448

22700

27909

39957

10341 27 8782 309 38 528 22 243 356 27 5 4

25340 1383 10136 1608 233 2984 1188 4 159 924 1426 552 1834 24 970 39 1875 1

35375 1 2178 10083 3321 1758 384 15 1322 4451 4007 719 188 3982 1 62 1386 282 21 15 1005 194

25397 429 13524 70 564 522 456 79 4425 2275 373 643 74 343 441 55 1016 108

18478 555 12680 67 376 122 1640 665 80 591 317 67 558 760

18046 411 13625 66 28 133 23 962 749 341 829 143 71 67 361 237

20589 363 13909 348 360 195 569 1379 918 156 593 267 250 1052 230

23489 75 483 13386 72 176 584 1009 74 135 2099 980 148 2278 258 1 1578 153

35577 1144 17553 139 185 1263 1256 66 74 287 2307 2184 532 3279 109 391 990 144 149 34 3352 139

95 11 1 82 1 -

1699 98 530 413 56 575 19 8

5891 177 3820 108 530 682 522 5 47

971 22 1 825 49 8 66

1770 883 1 224 135 358 140 29

2202 693 1 217 844 63 269 115

1814 176 3 71 927 190 367 6 74

4420 95 2 1 172 1069 2212 789 12 68

4183 401 72 328 73 1715 893 399 302

Non-Specified/Other 372 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

84

1227

554

653

200

297

-

197

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.63

IEA Europe* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 3000

120

2500

100

2000

80

1500

60

1000

40 20

500

0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 800

800

700

700

600

600

500

500

400

400

300

300

200

200

100

100

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1977

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 4000

4500

3500

4000 3500

3000

3000

2500

2500 2000 2000 1500

1500

1000

1000

500

500

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001

2007

Other

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.64 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

IEA Europe 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

TPES (Mtce) 1963.37 2132.48 2289.16 Coal and peat 607.66 662.56 630.76 Oil 1045.48 982.63 860.12 Gas 192.59 294.46 368.55 Comb. renew/waste 44.27 50.97 75.85 Nuclear 27.69 85.79 291.38 Hydro 41.79 50.69 53.95 Geothermal 3.12 3.38 5.26 Solar, wind, tide 0.07 0.07 0.41 Net electricity trade(1) 0.71 1.92 2.85 Heat(2) 0.03 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2474.98 467.15 923.30 558.22 99.92 348.01 65.69 7.83 3.82 0.49 0.54

2627.35 472.20 932.31 642.50 133.35 364.42 58.18 9.53 12.23 1.97 0.65

2603.01 481.55 904.39 639.61 146.30 344.66 60.10 9.90 15.38 0.49 0.63

2591.13 449.83 901.74 655.71 149.02 343.25 62.06 9.77 17.76 1.38 0.60

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 0.91 0.22 -1.14 3.89 3.22 14.85 1.51 3.13 11.14 8.55 -

0.76 -1.58 0.30 3.30 3.94 0.99 0.64 3.79 23.71 -9.87 20.25

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

4811 5675 7219 9057 10228 10521 0.41 0.38 0.32 0.27 0.26 0.25 Population (millions) 454.8 473.6 497.3 521.2 539.5 542.7 TPES/population(1) 4.32 4.50 4.60 4.75 4.87 4.80 TPES/GDP(2) 149.4 137.5 116.0 100.0 94.0 90.5 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 244.9 226.3 169.4 100.0 89.5 88.7 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 93.8 101.3 103.1 100.0 99.6 97.7 Elec. generation (TWh) 1616 2046 2628 3192 3521 3565 Industrial production(2) .. .. .. .. .. .. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

10631 0.24 544.9 4.76 89.2 82.0 .. 3569 ..

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 2.42 -1.47 0.53 0.38 -1.47 -2.14 0.56 2.90 -

2.24 -1.45 0.51 0.24 -1.45 -3.73 -0.32 1.81 -

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

136.40 276.37 179.98 2.30

123.53 293.95 188.71 2.67

92.69 217.31 201.45 4.96

44.80 122.24 135.13 3.38

36.16 97.11 133.86 6.00

35.74 91.72 139.50 2.62

31.73 86.35 135.85 2.90

-3.17 -1.98 0.94 6.61

-5.45 -4.95 -2.14 -3.68

Mt: Coking coal 141.07 127.95 93.45 45.21 36.33 36.01 32.01 Steam coal 341.51 363.56 269.75 153.35 122.49 116.03 109.10 Brown coal 590.99 607.01 657.55 440.36 441.30 453.35 441.13 Peat 8.05 9.34 14.68 10.36 17.65 7.76 8.56 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

-3.37 -1.95 0.89 5.13

-5.45 -4.84 -2.16 -3.68

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.65

IEA Europe 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

1459.15 246.98 823.83 153.86 40.36 0.07 164.64 29.41

1536.05 215.02 780.53 237.99 43.56 0.10 0.01 209.58 49.26

1590.86 173.35 736.33 291.36 63.61 1.19 0.25 271.55 53.22

1736.21 87.88 805.40 382.02 74.19 1.81 0.96 330.29 53.65

1850.77 76.51 827.37 417.40 81.12 2.36 1.50 363.69 80.81

1858.80 80.97 824.49 409.39 87.09 2.40 1.65 371.53 81.26

1835.06 79.37 805.76 401.06 90.99 2.48 1.90 374.80 78.69

0.51 -2.06 -0.66 3.83 2.71 18.03 2.99 3.55

0.84 -4.49 0.53 1.90 2.13 4.40 12.78 1.91 2.33

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

532.56 127.33 214.57 77.85 7.03 90.40 15.38

509.28 111.28 166.86 97.10 8.39 105.03 20.62

454.58 99.89 81.16 111.00 20.52 0.01 123.24 18.78

457.06 66.18 75.07 139.60 24.83 0.01 0.14 139.27 11.96

463.46 56.18 71.81 134.98 25.88 0.02 0.18 149.63 24.78

457.71 58.41 67.65 128.78 27.60 0.02 0.18 149.65 25.42

459.93 58.31 64.19 131.80 28.34 0.02 0.18 152.48 24.61

-0.93 -1.42 -5.56 2.11 6.50 1.84 1.18

0.07 -3.12 -1.37 1.02 1.92 17.72 1.26 1.60

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

248.29 9.79 233.42 0.22

297.71 3.63 287.37 0.81

379.08 0.30 370.74 0.43

450.78 0.01 439.61 1.04

478.22 0.02 461.85 2.45

487.97 0.01 468.49 2.45

497.05 0.01 473.79 2.70

2.52 -18.56 2.76 3.99

1.61 -20.14 1.45 11.33

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.00 4.86 345.30 79.02 144.38 43.30

0.00 5.89 366.05 68.26 116.38 75.52

0.00 7.60 397.89 49.23 94.02 108.25

1.00 9.11 429.96 16.55 90.54 155.96

4.46 9.43 454.30 15.29 85.92 180.76

7.76 9.25 451.27 16.95 81.93 177.47

11.21 9.35 423.85 15.76 65.48 169.18

-2.02 2.67 0.84 -2.75 -2.49 5.54

63.86 1.22 0.37 -6.48 -2.11 2.66

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

26.32 0.07 41.14 11.07 136.40 19.20 82.12 7.89

28.45 0.10 0.01 57.95 19.38 149.66 23.11 72.12 14.36

40.67 0.68 0.18 78.04 26.82 157.79 17.87 39.60 38.23

44.70 1.34 0.64 93.56 26.66 174.32 2.00 30.33 50.01

45.91 1.81 1.14 104.16 19.30 198.74 1.81 31.04 61.44

46.66 1.83 1.28 105.97 19.19 203.95 2.08 30.01 62.07

46.13 1.91 1.49 105.57 18.33 195.99 1.79 24.52 59.05

2.59 14.21 3.84 5.34 0.86 -0.42 -4.20 9.73

0.74 6.23 13.27 1.79 -2.21 1.28 -12.66 -2.78 2.59

Comb. renew/waste 1.16 1.50 0.44 Geothermal 0.13 Solar, wind, tide 0.02 Electricity 24.87 35.55 56.60 Heat 1.17 3.03 4.91 Non-energy use 115.93 122.36 141.45 Coal and peat 4.42 3.08 2.08 Oil 104.59 101.49 119.36 Gas 6.92 17.79 20.02 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1.71 0.14 0.07 81.46 8.61 158.71 1.19 138.00 19.52

2.66 0.18 0.12 93.36 8.14 166.07 1.59 144.89 19.59

2.77 0.19 0.13 99.00 7.69 166.69 1.63 146.79 18.27

3.07 0.20 0.14 99.64 7.58 168.78 1.83 148.50 18.46

-5.50 4.96 8.82 1.18 -4.35 0.78 6.45

12.06 2.62 11.36 3.38 2.59 1.04 -0.73 1.29 -0.48

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.66 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

IEA Europe 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

579.5 97.9 -77.4 7.8

608.9 143.1 -75.1 -14.4

516.4 168.2 -60.5 6.7

305.5 196.0 -48.1 13.7

273.1 247.9 -47.6 -1.2

269.6 249.1 -46.8 9.7

256.8 238.4 -37.5 -7.9

-0.7 3.2 -1.4 x

-3.8 2.3 -1.5 x

Primary supply

607.7

662.6

630.8

467.2

472.2

481.5

449.8

0.2

-1.6

Statistical difference

5.1

-6.0

-11.1

0.1

3.7

-4.3

..

x

x

Total transformation

-341.3

-421.7

-432.4

-368.1

-384.4

-386.7

..

1.4

-0.7

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-279.3 -258.2 -21.1

-366.1 -306.9 -59.2

-385.8 -335.8 -50.0

-330.0 -310.5 -19.5

-349.3 -329.5 -19.8

-351.1 -330.9 -20.2

.. .. ..

1.9 1.6 5.2

-0.6 -0.1 -5.2

-8.9

-6.8

-3.1

-0.6

-0.8

-0.7

..

-6.1

-8.6

-53.2 2.4 -38.4 -17.9 0.8

-48.8 1.6 -37.3 -13.8 0.7

-43.5 -0.9 -32.8 -10.1 0.2

-37.6 -0.3 -30.2 -7.3 0.2

-34.3 -0.3 -28.1 -5.9 0.1

-34.9 -0.2 -29.3 -5.5 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.2 -0.9 -3.3 -7.4

-1.3 -8.1 -0.7 -3.5 -8.4

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-

-

-21.2

-18.3

-13.1

-10.1

-9.1

-9.8

..

-2.8

-1.7

-3.3

-1.5

-0.8

-1.1

-1.4

-1.5

..

x

x

247.0

215.0

173.4

87.9

81.0

79.4

..

-2.1

-4.5

127.3 52.3 14.1 13.5 4.1

111.3 42.9 12.8 16.0 3.4

99.9 39.4 11.3 17.7 3.8

66.2 27.3 4.4 11.3 2.2

58.4 25.0 4.4 8.2 2.0

58.3 23.9 3.3 9.5 1.8

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.4 -1.7 -1.3 1.6 -0.5

-3.1 -2.9 -7.1 -3.6 -4.2

9.8

3.6

0.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-18.6

-20.1

105.4 19.2 79.0

97.0 23.1 68.3

71.1 17.9 49.2

20.5 2.0 16.6

20.9 2.1 17.0

19.2 1.8 15.8

.. .. ..

-2.3 -0.4 -2.7

-7.4 -12.7 -6.5

Non-energy use 4.4 3.1 2.1 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1.2

1.6

1.8

..

-4.4

-0.7

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.67

IEA Europe 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

360.16 252.42 203.10 49.33 6.57 2.28 0.01 1.63 39.59 4.40 3.13 13.41 0.84 17.80 47.57 0.08

393.46 283.00 232.57 50.42 6.00 2.21 0.01 1.49 42.76 4.37 4.09 14.81 0.91 18.58 48.76 0.09

349.68 274.89 238.33 36.56 2.02 0.09 3.58 0.38 37.15 3.35 5.62 16.06 2.15 9.98 26.36 0.05

272.43 220.43 210.67 9.76 0.84 7.29 30.56 3.23 2.96 9.72 1.77 12.89 12.66 0.03

281.39 229.42 220.44 8.99 0.45 7.69 28.20 4.05 3.28 6.40 1.61 12.85 12.51 0.15

294.95 241.13 231.67 9.46 0.46 8.07 30.54 4.31 2.72 6.56 1.57 15.39 13.51 0.08

297.61 238.45 228.94 9.51 0.36 7.79 32.33 3.53 2.22 7.89 1.39 17.30 13.49 0.20

-0.25 0.71 1.34 -2.47 -9.37 -23.82 72.95 -11.40 -0.53 -2.26 4.99 1.51 8.14 -4.71 -4.80 -3.32

-0.94 -0.83 -0.24 -7.62 -9.69 4.68 -0.81 0.31 -5.33 -4.09 -2.52 3.29 -3.86 8.09

145.14 7.14 6.19 0.95 135.41 2.46 0.14 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.27 -

154.75 10.83 9.59 1.25 141.39 0.28 2.03 0.23 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.21 0.32 -

129.44 18.23 14.32 3.91 107.92 1.45 0.26 1.97 1.63 0.34 0.14 -

92.82 13.37 10.17 3.20 73.01 1.85 2.57 0.18 0.00 0.00 2.39 0.10 0.23

81.81 12.70 10.73 1.97 64.76 2.82 0.78 0.21 0.57 0.13 0.22

85.07 12.20 9.95 2.25 69.26 2.76 0.46 0.24 0.22 0.11 0.23

86.69 13.48 11.40 2.08 69.57 3.40 0.42 0.19 0.01 0.21 0.08 0.23

-0.95 8.12 7.23 12.52 -1.87 -17.08 24.42 57.52 8.07 -5.56 -

-2.33 -1.76 -1.33 -3.64 -2.55 5.13 -8.74 -11.78 -2.66 -3.37 -

591.89 609.46 669.91 359.55 373.47 467.82 343.49 353.79 440.18 16.06 19.69 27.64 134.34 139.29 108.97 6.40 6.34 2.86 48.24 46.99 43.49 1.12 1.44 2.25 14.37 15.53 10.76 1.65 1.67 2.12 4.04 4.15 1.99 27.07 24.21 26.37 28.55 36.62 41.35 Non-energy use 0.83 0.82 0.58 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

447.55 408.41 402.08 6.33 12.18 1.35 15.37 1.00 3.28 0.90 0.48 9.71 8.62 0.02

446.15 412.65 406.58 6.07 12.44 1.49 10.06 0.89 3.19 0.55 0.45 4.98 7.95 0.04

440.72 404.11 398.06 6.04 13.04 1.51 11.08 0.84 3.17 0.67 0.37 6.03 9.21 0.04

454.73 419.50 414.02 5.48 12.26 1.49 10.11 0.80 1.78 0.85 0.39 6.29 9.33 0.04

1.04 2.22 2.09 4.63 -1.73 -6.50 -0.86 6.02 -2.38 2.10 -5.73 -0.22 3.14 -2.94

-2.25 -0.64 -0.36 -9.08 -12.06 -3.77 -8.22 -5.93 -10.04 -5.20 -9.19 -8.08 -8.39 -14.81

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.68 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

IEA Europe 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(US dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal .. Coking coal .. High sulphur fuel oil .. Low sulphur fuel oil .. Natural gas .. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

97.87 70.11 .. .. 5.30 22.46

143.15 117.94 49.56 68.37 5.73 19.48

168.15 148.58 56.93 91.65 7.18 0.10 12.30

196.02 178.89 56.67 122.22 2.55 0.10 14.48

230.13 214.61 53.16 161.45 1.62 0.16 13.74

227.15 212.92 53.92 159.00 1.62 0.13 12.48

247.87 233.25 57.12 176.13 2.03 0.11 12.48

249.05 233.51 58.53 174.97 2.25 0.16 13.14

238.35 223.77 58.35 165.41 1.99 0.16 12.44

Total exports 77.44 75.09 60.46 48.08 47.18 41.66 47.55 Hard coal 52.78 51.51 41.58 35.58 34.42 30.01 32.66 Coking coal .. 20.95 19.56 9.76 6.71 6.47 7.88 Steam coal .. 30.56 22.02 25.82 27.71 23.54 24.78 Brown coal / lignite 1.43 4.55 4.75 3.82 2.50 2.70 2.61 Peat 0.00 0.12 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.04 Coal products(1) 23.23 19.03 14.00 8.63 10.22 8.90 12.24 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

46.77 32.39 7.07 25.32 2.46 0.02 11.90

37.48 22.91 4.81 18.10 3.30 0.01 11.25

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.69

IEA Europe 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Hard Coal

92461

126664

157476

195112

236013

235066

257436

259434

247858

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

40078 4497 294 909 10550 6190 79 8745 105

49216 4326 224 1072 8326 4668 66 21591 182

55532 10043 2812 774 3141 2570 52 28433 80

56057 21758 7072 3388 2 3118 16900 24

52237 20587 6067 3656 108 2949 12490 88

52927 20394 6735 3366 289 3246 6 13840 180

56046 22012 7028 4562 3 4053 13440 55

58086 22533 7690 4678 3246 15076 91

57815 21866 6633 3891 1 3400 17904 192

206 3005 5498

544 2992 5225

1 24 46 158 2419 4979

2 140 441 388 2327 26 418 53 -

1976 275 433 1918 543 969 178

279 193 295 2658 548 872 26

291 206 65 2651 713 815 40 112

70 154 150 2183 648 1059 508

158 328 494 1340 82 1023 75 428

52383 2955 816 243 6716 15647 2285 499 980

77448 4875 695 255 4145 16959 4184 14231 1406

101944 9790 832 327 2124 10802 2423 20452 3548

139055 9416 12 2393 431 17721 589 4676 3646

183776 10442 286 1801 540 15210 303 3749 2387

182139 7533 807 1004 533 14770 297 2355 2671

201390 6476 210 1214 435 13968 176 3379 2618

201348 7717 804 1368 365 9508 261 5521 4882

190043 6318 271 2143 507 6414 385 12839 6230

21 10814 2863 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other 8544 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

417 20027 2405 7849

2783 9060 194 26099 6115 1475 5920

1887 22296 8230 42810 15292 894 3081 561 5120

3112 25621 13559 55859 41242 2205 1397 321 5742

1898 26517 14251 52971 48664 3021 1142 213 3492

2009 28536 20555 55207 57640 2696 1091 396 4784

2506 31756 17115 48586 59555 2139 1305 174 7786

1711 29891 15625 37948 58817 3270 1083 75 6516

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.70 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

IEA Europe 10. COKING COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

35537

21303

19781

9747

6757

6663

8092

7234

4911

25095 1283 2383 6331 154 54 4005 804 286 1426 125 122 5126 1826 387 18 89 573 103

17617 1131 1242 3 27 4817 206 99 3105 214 1 1109 80 60 4345 648 124 406 -

11025 1351 858 203 1697 144 3 1017 573 52 3681 649 3 794 -

8106 1844 1 214 717 108 1061 1010 4 323 53 538 1570 65 494 100 4 -

6717 1713 169 462 20 354 253 266 385 5 4 572 2308 118 88 -

6172 1514 20 523 13 30 397 449 1 295 48 592 1909 99 212 70

7363 1517 4 944 80 208 604 1 94 30 1367 2299 142 73 -

7035 1458 16 1032 25 16 580 106 9 1863 1905 25 -

4871 1230 136 877 18 23 324 37 565 1661 -

2491 15 520 5 1951

2657 235 115 166 145 1996

4676 1249 100 284 100 1249 1694

1641 143 529 62 2 2 903

38 37 1

491 355 2 134

729 70 298 361

199 199

32 32

Non-Specified/Other 7951 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

1029

4080

-

2

-

-

-

8

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.71

IEA Europe 11. STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

33590

34150

24778

29263

30666

27401

27189

28415

20198

25347 275 2633 274 4161 4095 6035 3171 1 540 1530 52 938 167 15 237 21 244 90 74 149 645

27662 438 2373 2302 4348 3692 5306 4138 1 12 772 1242 96 1409 108 9 322 13 250 318 226 287

20278 1 1216 1471 2282 1347 2815 1167 4722 18 793 600 61 3 1341 307 1 186 275 858 52 762 -

28330 1312 684 864 2382 1228 2413 14426 2 279 7 468 923 93 363 597 15 5 286 441 170 20 1351 1

29860 1622 700 1 783 1410 1272 2606 16180 69 258 16 649 96 42 517 592 7 216 294 102 334 8 19 1999 68

26868 1201 865 19 719 1154 963 3116 12840 144 300 45 595 245 38 651 496 82 437 257 58 208 8 66 2314 47

27002 1316 482 42 946 745 567 2708 15709 133 264 88 509 155 30 612 417 17 144 206 145 297 17 1389 64

28017 1285 233 32 1377 821 274 1652 16897 172 158 91 519 806 96 1 868 387 22 228 169 203 303 2 1389 32

19970 908 280 892 627 128 1894 9922 76 104 59 459 1577 74 798 344 282 254 143 153 86 101 809 -

85 31 54

120 12 33 1 74

722 10 1 1 16 375 3 316

905 2 1 3 16 4 879

684 1 1 46 501 1 134

531 4 1 5 436 4 81

174 17 1 1 4 2 13 1 135

394 16 1 275 4 16 82

177 5 22 1 23 40 2 84

Non-Specified/Other 8158 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

6368

3778

28

122

2

13

4

51

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.72 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Australia* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 200

180

180

160

160

140

140

120

120

100

100

80

80

60

60

40

40

20

20

0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 90

350

80

300

70 250

60

200

50

150

40 30

100

20 50

10

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1977

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 450

300

400 250 350 300

200

250 150 200 150

100

100 50 50 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001 Other

2007

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.73

Australia 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

TPES (Mtce) 81.51 99.43 123.18 Coal and peat 32.26 39.03 49.97 Oil 37.98 42.96 44.57 Gas 4.83 10.66 21.12 Comb. renew/waste 5.04 5.16 5.66 Nuclear Hydro 1.40 1.59 1.74 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide 0.03 0.12 Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

155.61 69.92 48.78 27.53 7.19 2.06 0.12 -

175.18 79.85 52.51 33.47 7.13 1.93 0.29 -

177.24 78.22 52.84 36.22 7.67 1.77 0.52 -

184.29 81.26 55.47 37.75 7.71 1.49 0.63 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 2.46 2.61 0.95 9.07 0.68 1.27 -

2.16 2.67 1.01 3.22 1.81 0.10 9.28 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

174 210 281 400 486 0.47 0.47 0.44 0.39 0.36 Population (millions) 13.6 14.8 17.2 19.3 20.8 TPES/population(1) 5.99 6.72 7.17 8.08 8.42 TPES/GDP(2) 120.1 121.6 112.6 100.0 92.5 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 105.8 106.2 101.6 100.0 93.9 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 69.6 87.3 106.4 100.0 99.7 Elec. generation (TWh) 64 95 154 207 251 Industrial production(2) .. 61.1 79.2 100.0 105.1 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

508 0.35 21.1 8.39 89.6 88.0 97.3 255 108.7

520 0.35 21.1 8.72 91.0 89.3 .. 265 111.2

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 2.85 -0.38 1.37 1.07 -0.38 -0.24 2.52 5.28 -

3.54 -1.33 1.23 0.92 -1.33 -0.84 -0.52 2.99 1.88

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

36.14 22.71 9.64 -

38.48 24.76 10.90 -

62.50 74.47 14.61 -

100.89 113.27 22.08 -

120.57 145.49 24.67 -

137.94 150.63 23.44 -

136.25 153.37 25.86 -

4.67 10.40 3.52 -

4.77 4.23 2.82 -

Mt: Coking coal 37.67 40.09 64.63 103.75 123.99 141.85 140.11 Steam coal 30.88 31.52 93.94 135.68 175.73 181.93 185.30 Brown coal 30.47 32.89 45.99 67.29 67.74 65.61 72.40 Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

4.60 9.72 3.49 -

4.73 3.96 2.11 -

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.74 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Australia 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

56.54 7.05 34.66 3.39 4.99 6.45 -

66.84 5.99 38.46 7.63 5.00 0.03 9.73 -

80.78 6.12 41.43 12.60 4.65 0.12 15.87 -

99.38 5.88 49.59 16.36 6.20 0.12 21.22 -

107.11 4.88 51.80 19.20 5.78 0.09 25.37 -

106.16 4.93 51.08 18.79 5.53 0.08 25.76 -

108.47 4.92 51.87 19.19 6.04 0.20 26.24 -

2.12 -0.83 1.05 8.03 -0.42 5.45 -

1.75 -1.28 1.33 2.51 1.56 3.34 3.00 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

21.81 6.62 7.96 2.25 2.13 2.85 -

25.12 5.68 7.69 5.05 2.71 3.99 -

27.44 5.82 4.13 8.11 2.12 7.27 -

33.96 5.68 5.07 10.23 3.51 9.46 -

36.53 4.60 4.88 12.01 3.69 11.34 -

37.09 4.69 5.33 11.85 3.67 11.54 -

37.84 4.68 5.46 12.21 3.76 11.73 -

1.36 -0.76 -3.79 7.83 -0.04 5.67 -

1.91 -1.28 1.66 2.44 3.43 2.85 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

18.47 0.03 18.36 -

24.04 0.01 23.92 0.00

30.16 0.10 29.82 0.01

36.65 0.13 35.81 0.43

39.02 0.13 38.06 0.50

38.53 0.11 37.48 0.54

38.76 0.12 37.59 0.58

2.93 7.63 2.89 -

1.49 0.97 1.37 24.33

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.08 7.21 0.27 1.13 0.67

0.11 8.63 0.09 1.12 1.58

0.22 10.70 0.02 0.54 2.76

0.29 12.94 0.00 e 0.50 3.66 e

0.02 0.31 14.29 0.01 0.42 4.24

0.08 0.32 14.01 0.01 0.38 4.15

0.15 0.33 14.61 0.01 0.38 4.15

6.13 2.35 -14.75 -4.23 8.73

2.28 1.85 -6.83 -2.06 2.43

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

2.86 2.29 1.61 0.13 0.16 0.22

2.26 0.03 3.56 3.43 0.22 0.72 0.55

2.53 0.12 4.74 4.97 0.18 0.37 1.07

2.67 0.12 5.99 7.20 0.06 e 0.45 1.55 e

2.05 0.08 7.49 8.27 0.14 0.69 1.40

1.76 0.08 7.64 8.33 0.12 0.81 1.35

2.12 0.08 7.87 8.54 0.12 0.84 1.35

-0.72 4.35 6.85 1.75 5.00 9.80

-1.02 -2.43 3.03 3.23 -2.44 5.03 1.39

0.01 5.13 6.32 5.84 0.49

0.01 0.01 6.02 5.82 4.77 1.05

0.01 0.01 6.03 5.18 4.29 0.89

0.01 0.13 6.08 5.75 4.85 0.89

6.79 2.63 2.35 5.54

3.56 0.10 -0.18 1.97

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

Comb. renew/waste 0.03 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity 1.10 1.90 3.35 Heat Non-energy use 3.63 4.12 5.65 Coal and peat Oil 3.38 3.67 5.01 Gas 0.26 0.45 0.64 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.75

Australia 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply Statistical difference

1973

1980

1990

2000

57.5 -25.2 -0.0

74.1 0.0 -39.7 4.6

151.6 -96.1 -5.5

236.2 e -173.5 7.1

32.3

39.0

50.0

-

0.0

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

2006

2007

2008e

290.7 0.0 -214.3 3.3

312.0 0.0 -226.2 -7.7

315.5 0.0 -234.2 -

5.9 8.2 x

4.3 5.2 x

69.9

79.8

78.2

81.3

2.6

2.7

0.1

-1.5

1.5

1.8

..

x

x

Total transformation

-25.2 e

-32.4 e

-43.5 e

-62.1 e

-76.0 e

-74.7 e

..

3.3

3.2

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-19.7 -19.7 -

-28.8 -28.1 -0.7

-41.3 -40.4 -0.9

-60.0 e -59.4 e -0.7 e

-74.3 -74.3 -0.0

-73.1 -73.0 -0.0

.. .. ..

4.4 4.3 -

3.4 3.5 -18.8

-0.1

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-5.4 e -0.2 -2.4 e -2.8 -

-3.6 e -0.2 -2.2 e -1.2 -

-2.2 e -0.1 -1.4 e -0.8 -

-2.1 e -0.0 e -1.5 e -0.5 -

-1.7 e -0.2 -1.0 e -0.5 -

-1.6 e -0.2 -1.0 e -0.5 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-5.1 -5.3 -3.3 -7.3 -

-1.8 6.1 -1.8 -3.1 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Own use

-

-0.6

-0.5

-0.5

-0.4

-0.4

..

-

-0.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

7.1

6.0

6.1

5.9

4.9

4.9

..

-0.8

-1.3

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

6.6 3.0 e 0.4 0.9 0.3

5.7 2.9 e 0.3 0.8 0.3

5.8 2.1 e 0.3 0.8 0.3

5.7 1.8 e 0.2 e 0.7 e 0.3

4.7 0.8 e 0.2 1.0 0.3

4.7 0.9 e 0.2 1.0 0.3

.. .. .. .. ..

-0.8 -2.1 -2.5 -0.7 -0.4

-1.3 -5.1 -2.9 1.1 -0.5

Transport sector(6)

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

..

7.6

1.0

0.4 0.1 0.3

0.3 0.2 0.1

0.2 0.2 0.0

0.1 0.1 e 0.0 e

0.1 0.1 0.0

0.1 0.1 0.0

.. .. ..

-4.1 1.7 -14.7

-2.7 -2.4 -6.8

-

-

..

-

-

Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

Other sectors

(4)

(5)

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.76 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Australia 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

24.24 20.89 20.53 0.36 0.04 3.17 0.37 0.15 0.88 0.28 1.49 0.25 -

27.37 23.87 23.50 0.37 0.02 3.30 0.32 0.13 0.90 0.21 1.73 0.22 -

43.37 38.20 37.75 0.45 4.85 0.34 0.13 0.97 0.35 3.06 0.15 -

56.03 51.10 50.91 0.19 4.69 0.10 0.09 0.79 0.33 3.39 0.04 -

67.50 62.62 62.62 4.63 0.05 0.09 1.17 0.41 2.92 0.05 -

68.91 63.98 63.98 4.71 0.02 0.09 1.19 0.46 2.96 0.04 -

68.04 62.95 62.95 4.68 0.02 0.09 1.12 0.44 3.02 0.04 -

4.97 5.16 5.21 1.82 3.59 -0.73 -1.34 0.83 1.89 6.15 -3.93 -

2.68 2.98 3.05 -0.21 -16.40 -2.51 0.81 1.42 -0.08 -8.35 -

7.22 7.22 -

7.05 7.05 -

5.93 5.93 -

4.80 4.80 -

5.35 5.35 -

4.68 4.68 -

4.71 4.71 -

-1.62 -1.62 -

-1.35 -1.35 -

30.47 32.89 45.99 27.32 29.23 44.14 26.32 28.00 43.07 0.99 1.23 1.07 2.85 3.35 1.78 0.31 0.31 0.07 0.03 0.00 0.26 0.27 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.00 Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

67.29 66.34 65.25 1.09 0.96 -

67.15 66.29 66.29 0.90 0.00 0.00 -

67.74 67.09 67.09 0.69 0.00 0.00 -

65.61 65.55 65.55 0.62 0.00 0.00 -

3.49 4.08 4.19 0.62 -3.84 -11.23 0.96 -

2.11 2.35 2.50 -6.02 -19.07 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.77

Australia 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

10.83 67.03 ..

14.47 144.85 ..

29.05 .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. 29.69 67.03 .. 34.33

.. 29.57 144.85 .. 56.81

.. .. .. .. 95.78

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Australian dollars / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

8.91 80.22 ..

11.97 174.24 ..

35.11 .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

Steam coal .. .. Coking coal 25.19 25.22 High sulphur fuel oil 80.22 174.24 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas 38.52 64.06 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

.. .. .. .. 157.84

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

.. .. -

0.00 0.00 0.00 -

-

-

-

-

0.04 0.04

0.04 0.04

0.01 0.01

Total exports 25.21 39.73 96.07 173.46 202.38 214.71 214.26 Hard coal 25.21 39.60 95.54 173.45 202.16 214.71 214.26 Coking coal .. 32.15 55.58 96.43 107.76 120.48 116.02 Steam coal .. 7.45 39.96 77.02 94.40 94.23 98.24 Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1) 0.12 0.52 0.02 0.23 0.00 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

226.16 226.16 127.55 98.61 -

234.23 234.23 133.15 101.08 -

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.78 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Australia 10. COKING COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

31029

33487

57750

99161

110815

123896

119312

131164

136924

29145 374 1173 191 1319 22640 1330 10 992 593 469 54

31847 175 903 48 1164 25579 2266 329 698 685 -

43802 1054 1917 25 1181 28579 4944 713 694 702 912 3081 -

73195 1833 3739 2619 2914 39174 10358 666 2194 1767 992 1451 5488 -

73807 1255 324 4016 1576 1930 41123 10138 451 4670 2198 1207 682 4063 174

82381 1881 392 3895 1746 14 2527 44665 12434 588 5617 2090 1226 720 4451 135

77778 1994 377 3329 1843 2260 43949 7704 1513 7009 1570 1170 1098 3925 37

79350 1923 284 3444 2287 48689 6254 1019 7139 1735 1258 1563 3755 -

85364 2927 304 3056 1618 150 2255 50203 8356 857 6242 2464 1302 1845 3785 -

1884 164 981 32 675 32 -

1634 837 157 227 267 60 86 -

13948 1291 2798 323 4844 2256 454 500 1294 188

25756 4988 6273 10588 1554 1058 1225 70

30836 3847 5311 13491 190 2354 1038 3996 609

37385 3094 7091 353 17193 129 46 2807 1339 4930 403

32690 3173 7717 225 16122 194 71 499 1229 3239 221

41162 3052 8036 498 19534 273 334 2289 1473 3371 2302

40652 3866 6392 366 24229 281 410 2016 1057 2035 -

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

6

-

210

6172

4130

8844

10652

10908

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.79

Australia 11. STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

5522

8897

45646

87801

107611

107415

111984

112424

115265

4809 150 682 458 1489 320 932 778

6834 103 304 525 686 3581 11 353 1211 60

37656 129 1149 934 125 133 26569 3633 4236 205 155 29 328 31

66574 428 142 434 72 110 284 428 47449 11452 2550 16 1445 83 55 1499 127

86230 3 785 668 258 977 509 59036 16221 2287 1590 106 248 1390 119 48 1879 106

83883 17 469 115 568 141 57574 17970 4238 760 56 671 164 45 993 102

87658 278 741 59599 20239 4762 301 82 1069 69 425 93

83378 54 160 1202 129 254 58813 15061 5069 797 85 986 101 600 67

88785 41 684 527 66959 18552 818 187 80 545 253 71 68

193 76 117 -

1159 991 49 119 -

7990 158 3046 2443 47 528 33 120 1615 -

21227 10034 419 2469 2623 1373 4309 -

21347 9894 1202 1835 1716 1218 5351 131

23532 33 14329 374 1461 1165 412 5758 -

24326 55 13205 77 1495 320 826 8348 -

29046 111 16233 14 744 507 82 671 10684 -

26480 29 18559 661 177 420 6634 -

Non-Specified/Other 520 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

904

-

-

34

-

-

-

-

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.80 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Australia 13. COAL EXPORT VALUES BY DESTINATION* (average unit value, FOB, US$/tonne) 1988

1990

1995

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Coking coal(1)

40.27

47.72

44.23

39.75

48.84

88.94

98.27

84.16

194.87

Exports to: Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Japan Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom Other OECD Non-OECD

41.53 x x x 36.78 x x x 36.30 40.02 39.43 x x 38.17 38.41 x 39.17 36.89 x x

51.66 x x x 47.00 46.30 x x 46.76 46.98 50.32 x x 48.27 50.15 x 50.25 47.25 x x

44.65 x x x 43.07 43.41 x x 42.06 43.37 44.75 x 49.00 48.65 48.95 x 44.26 45.13 x x

40.12 x x 44.79 39.06 44.75 x x 45.51 36.18 45.45 x x 42.51 47.84 x 45.07 43.34 x x

52.40 x x 53.57 46.79 52.50 x 32.97 51.40 45.51 52.07 x x 51.15 55.50 x 52.53 53.67 x x

104.61 x x 125.25 96.94 99.12 x x 102.14 83.74 98.18 x x 98.95 117.03 x 108.84 100.80 x x

102.26 x x 114.87 100.91 117.71 x x 116.96 94.04 102.32 x x 111.44 114.40 x 92.04 104.06 x x

89.48 x x 104.79 89.99 102.27 66.59 x 99.64 79.50 92.15 x x 95.80 96.65 x 77.14 91.38 x x

193.95 x x 303.82 193.92 240.18 x x 229.97 193.79 213.20 x x 231.74 275.66 x 237.21 200.63 x x

30.77 38.34 34.99 25.41 37.65 48.86 47.05 Exports to: Belgium 29.60 38.42 33.43 21.12 63.04 x 67.08 Canada x x x x x x x Denmark 24.14 32.29 24.73 23.76 22.50 44.09 55.39 Finland 42.19 x x x x x x France 24.80 33.82 32.97 24.05 29.77 45.88 46.28 Germany 28.03 37.74 29.61 28.01 51.32 x 42.03 Greece 29.09 x x x x x x Ireland x x 34.14 24.86 28.34 29.92 x Italy x x 37.75 24.77 31.26 x x Japan 32.93 40.03 36.85 26.00 38.45 49.42 50.59 Netherlands 27.20 36.31 33.03 26.69 42.90 60.71 50.50 Norway x x x x x x x Portugal x x 31.12 25.14 x x x Spain 27.23 32.00 x 25.33 26.26 42.82 51.11 Sweden 28.09 x 37.85 35.16 42.91 67.75 66.81 Switzerland x x x x x x x Turkey x x x 36.49 36.39 x x United Kingdom 34.46 35.45 x 24.05 35.39 54.27 46.30 Other OECD x x x x x x x Non-OECD x x x x x x x Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high export costs.

51.11

92.23

x x x x 44.93 x x 75.25 x 54.61 49.60 x x 71.08 60.32 x x x x x

153.74 x x x 75.81 x x 129.29 x 103.23 86.94 x x 122.95 109.33 x x 125.83 x x

Steam coal(1)

(1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.81

Austria* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 60

120

50

100

40

80

30

60

20

40 20

10

0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 7

7

6

6

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1977

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 70

80

60

70 60

50

50 40 40 30 30 20

20

10

10

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001

2007

Other

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.82 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Austria 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

TPES (Mtce) 30.68 33.08 Coal and peat 5.53 5.22 Oil 17.30 17.26 Gas 4.72 5.94 Comb. renew/waste 1.02 1.62 Nuclear Hydro 2.30 3.53 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) -0.19 -0.49 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

35.40 5.85 14.77 7.40 3.54 3.87 0.01 0.02 -0.06 -

40.74 5.13 16.69 9.31 4.49 5.14 0.03 0.10 -0.17 -

48.79 5.78 19.85 10.65 6.97 4.29 0.05 0.36 0.84 0.01

47.40 5.53 18.93 9.97 7.28 4.42 0.05 0.40 0.81 0.01

46.15 4.86 18.52 10.29 6.79 4.63 0.05 0.41 0.60 0.01

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 0.85 0.34 -0.93 2.68 7.57 3.10 -6.89 -

1.73 -0.33 1.47 1.76 4.34 0.79 13.72 18.90 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

98 119 149 191 215 0.31 0.28 0.24 0.21 0.23 Population (millions) 7.6 7.5 7.7 8.0 8.3 TPES/population(1) 4.04 4.38 4.61 5.08 5.89 TPES/GDP(2) 147.1 130.3 111.5 100.0 106.6 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 210.2 163.0 146.2 100.0 100.2 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 94.6 101.5 105.1 100.0 99.4 Elec. generation (TWh) 31 42 49 60 61 Industrial production(2) 42.9 52.5 68.9 100.0 125.9 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

221 0.21 8.3 5.70 100.5 93.0 96.5 61 132.8

225 0.20 8.3 5.58 96.1 80.3 .. 64 135.3

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 2.50 -1.62 0.07 0.77 -1.62 -2.12 0.62 2.78 2.83

2.35 -0.61 0.47 1.26 -0.61 -2.62 -0.50 1.25 3.93

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

1.35 -

1.20 -

0.91 0.00

0.42 0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

-3.25 -

-

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal 3.08 2.87 2.45 1.25 Peat 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

-1.88 -

-

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.83

Austria 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

23.73 2.84 14.21 2.58 0.99 3.11 -

26.63 2.77 13.94 4.09 1.51 4.06 0.27

28.08 1.82 12.64 4.36 3.11 0.01 0.02 5.25 0.87

33.59 1.20 14.73 6.12 3.56 0.01 0.09 6.42 1.47

39.11 0.85 17.79 7.02 4.41 0.01 0.13 7.01 1.89

39.72 0.92 17.73 6.79 4.88 0.01 0.14 7.16 2.09

38.49 0.92 16.84 6.49 4.92 0.01 0.15 7.17 1.99

1.00 -2.59 -0.69 3.14 7.00 3.14 -

1.87 -3.92 1.70 2.36 2.73 2.76 12.29 1.84 4.95

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

7.46 1.06 3.19 1.68 0.05 1.49 -

7.04 1.30 1.42 2.27 0.30 1.74 -

7.30 0.82 0.95 2.33 0.87 2.21 0.11

8.55 0.83 0.80 3.00 1.20 2.54 0.17

9.59 0.62 0.96 3.41 1.27 3.07 0.25

10.49 0.72 1.12 3.41 1.68 3.28 0.29

10.68 0.73 1.05 3.34 1.85 3.40 0.31

-0.13 -1.45 -6.85 1.96 18.45 2.35 -

2.27 -0.71 0.59 2.14 4.57 2.58 6.02

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

5.53 0.16 5.12 0.03

5.84 0.02 5.49 0.05

6.94 0.00 6.46 0.14

9.39 0.00 8.62 0.33

12.39 11.58 0.33

11.87 11.02 0.28

12.11 11.10 0.27

1.35 -21.12 1.38 9.94

3.32 3.23 4.17

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.00 0.22 8.17 1.54 4.33 0.62

0.00 0.28 7.28 1.29 3.11 0.59

0.00 0.34 8.33 0.92 2.44 1.11

0.01 0.43 9.10 0.31 2.46 1.94

0.08 0.40 10.13 0.19 2.51 2.19

0.18 0.40 9.75 0.16 2.28 1.98

0.34 0.39 8.83 0.15 1.89 1.82

-2.02 2.73 0.12 -2.97 -3.33 3.51

33.48 0.82 0.35 -10.17 -1.47 2.94

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.93 0.75 0.71 0.06 0.02 0.07

1.21 1.08 2.62 0.15 1.20 0.43

1.98 0.01 1.46 0.40 2.45 0.03 0.56 0.27

2.04 0.05 1.74 0.56 3.47 0.04 0.53 0.48

2.56 0.08 1.86 0.74 3.81 0.02 0.44 0.70

2.53 0.09 1.89 0.81 4.14 0.02 0.75 0.72

2.27 0.10 1.83 0.78 3.51 0.02 0.29 0.70

4.54 4.03 7.57 -4.11 21.96 8.32

0.79 13.09 1.34 3.93 2.14 -2.39 -3.76 5.81

Comb. renew/waste 0.11 Geothermal 0.01 Solar, wind, tide 0.01 Electricity 0.56 0.83 1.12 Heat 0.35 Non-energy use 1.76 2.30 2.22 Coal and peat 0.00 0.00 0.01 Oil 1.56 1.56 1.70 Gas 0.19 0.73 0.50 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.11 0.01 0.04 1.55 0.73 2.26 0.01 1.89 0.35

0.17 0.01 0.05 1.52 0.89 2.27 0.02 1.89 0.36

0.17 0.01 0.05 1.45 0.97 2.58 0.02 2.17 0.39

0.16 0.01 0.06 1.39 0.89 2.48 0.02 2.12 0.34

4.15 1.39 12.38 0.50 5.85

1.90 2.76 11.13 1.31 5.61 0.66 0.90 1.31 -2.26

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.84 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Austria 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

1.5 4.4 -0.1 -0.2

1.2 4.0 -0.0 0.0

0.9 4.5 -0.0 0.4

0.4 4.4 -0.1 0.4

0.0 5.4 -0.1 0.4

0.0 5.9 -0.1 -0.3

0.0 5.0 -0.0 -0.1

-2.7 0.2 -17.0 x

-37.6 1.5 18.1 x

Primary supply

5.5

5.2

5.9

5.1

5.8

5.5

4.9

0.3

-0.3

Statistical difference

0.0

0.0

-0.0

-0.1

-0.0

0.0

..

x

x

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Total transformation

-2.4 e

-2.3 e

-3.4 e

-3.2 e

-3.9 e

-3.7 e

..

2.1

0.5

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-1.2 -1.0 -0.2

-1.2 -1.0 -0.2

-2.4 -2.1 -0.3

-2.0 -1.6 -0.4

-2.6 -2.1 -0.5

-2.4 -1.9 -0.5

.. .. ..

4.0 4.2 3.3

-0.1 -0.7 2.9

-0.1

-0.1

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-1.1 e 0.1 -1.0 e -0.1 -

-1.0 e -0.9 e -0.1 -

-0.9 e -0.8 e -0.1 -

-1.1 e -1.0 e -0.1 -

-1.3 e -1.2 e -0.1 -

-1.3 e -1.2 e -0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-0.6 -1.5 3.0 -

1.9 2.3 -1.3 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.2

-0.1

-0.7

-0.7

-0.9

-0.7

..

6.1

0.7

-0.1

-0.0

-

-

-0.0

-0.2

..

x

x

2.8

2.8

1.8

1.2

0.9

0.9

..

-2.6

-3.9

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

1.1 0.7 e 0.0 0.1 0.0

1.3 1.1 e 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.8 0.5 e 0.0 0.2 0.1

0.8 0.4 e 0.1 0.2 0.1

0.7 0.4 e 0.0 0.2 0.1

0.7 0.3 e 0.0 0.3 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.5 -2.5 -1.3 7.5 4.4

-0.7 -2.1 0.4 1.2 1.1

Transport sector(6)

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-

..

-21.1

-

1.6 0.1 1.5

1.4 0.2 1.3

1.0 0.0 0.9

0.4 0.0 0.3

0.2 0.0 0.2

0.2 0.0 0.1

.. .. ..

-2.9 -4.1 -3.0

-9.7 -2.4 -10.2

Non-energy use 0.0 0.0 0.0 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

12.4

0.9

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

Other sectors

(4)

(5)

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.85

Austria 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes) 1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

0.37 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.32 -

0.50 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.07 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.41 0.00

1.82 1.42 1.37 0.05 0.21 0.01 0.20 0.00 0.19 0.00

1.85 1.42 1.36 0.06 0.31 0.06 0.17 0.09 0.08 0.00

2.16 1.89 1.84 0.04 0.21 0.04 0.09 0.09 0.06 0.00

2.36 2.00 1.94 0.06 0.30 0.00 0.03 0.14 0.12 0.00 0.06 0.00

2.30 1.98 1.94 0.04 0.28 0.01 0.02 0.15 0.10 0.00 0.04 0.00

14.21 83.11 82.59 15.22 21.10 -4.28 -

1.38 1.96 2.06 -1.68 1.72 6.97 -1.53 25.65 -8.16 -4.00

2.01 2.01 -

2.37 2.37 -

2.34 2.34 -

1.88 1.88 -

1.90 1.90 -

1.89 1.89 -

1.90 1.90 -

1.28 1.28 -

-1.21 -1.21 -

2.99 3.27 2.50 2.03 2.42 2.13 1.99 2.34 2.08 0.04 0.09 0.05 0.03 0.21 0.16 0.15 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.15 0.12 0.13 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.63 0.68 0.22 Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

1.38 1.23 1.19 0.04 0.11 0.04 0.07 0.05 -

1.29 1.14 1.12 0.02 0.13 0.07 0.06 0.03 -

0.76 0.66 0.66 0.00 0.09 0.08 0.00 0.02 -

0.19 0.17 0.17 0.00 0.02 -

-1.47 0.43 0.37 2.75 -2.72 2.69 -1.05 -15.69 -8.51 -

-14.15 0.78 17.27 -18.63 -13.62 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.86 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Austria 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

173.19 69.15 74.24

176.96 120.07 164.82

80.98 92.64 115.57

56.94 51.28 ..

86.09 111.81 ..

92.70 132.84 ..

98.23 164.85 ..

101.93 160.66 ..

131.48 245.00 ..

90.20 .. 74.62 .. 73.76

119.83 .. 131.06 .. 118.88

78.84 .. 87.74 .. 121.26

54.73 .. .. 128.14 ..

171.25 .. .. 193.84 ..

178.69 .. .. 258.08 ..

181.33 .. .. 305.62 ..

203.12 .. .. 346.28 ..

246.52 .. .. 490.10 ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

172.67 100.14 100.80

157.05 154.79 199.20

63.15 104.94 122.74

58.33 76.31 ..

65.43 123.44 ..

70.45 146.66 ..

73.92 180.19 ..

70.25 160.84 ..

84.91 229.82 ..

Steam coal 93.75 110.87 Coking coal .. .. High sulphur fuel oil 108.06 168.96 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas 100.14 143.67 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

64.10 .. 99.39 .. 128.78

58.45 .. .. 190.67 ..

135.69 .. .. 214.00 ..

141.58 .. .. 284.92 ..

142.25 .. .. 334.05 ..

145.95 .. .. 346.68 ..

165.97 .. .. 459.75 ..

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

4.38 2.87 .. .. 0.20 1.31

4.01 2.71 2.23 0.48 0.12 1.18

4.54 3.53 2.36 1.18 0.01 0.99

4.38 3.32 1.72 1.60 0.03 1.03

5.69 4.35 1.77 2.57 0.06 1.28

5.72 4.23 2.05 2.19 0.06 1.42

5.41 4.02 1.79 2.23 0.08 1.31

5.87 4.32 1.85 2.48 0.10 1.45

4.96 3.46 1.92 1.55 0.02 1.48

Total exports 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.07 0.08 0.02 0.05 Hard coal 0.02 0.00 Coking coal .. Steam coal .. 0.02 0.00 Brown coal / lignite 0.00 0.01 0.00 Peat Coal products(1) 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.06 0.02 0.05 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

0.06 0.00 0.00 0.06

0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.87

Austria 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Hard Coal

2307

2878

3609

3409

4446

4340

4121

4428

3555

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

2006 662 205 470 -

2371 808 73 567 189 -

2376 746 566 456 -

1738 1187 551 -

1789 8 1086 615 -

2063 992 9 519 501 -

1806 910 604 292 -

1860 850 605 405 -

1931 503 1428 -

669 -

734 -

608 -

-

80 -

31 11 -

-

-

-

301 8 260 -

507 10 411 -

1233 29 1189 9

1671 307 6 1358 -

2657 1074 3 1570 -

2277 922 8 1331 1

2315 905 19 1317 14 4

2568 909 26 1449 55 -

1624 1486 28 16

33 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

48 38

6 -

-

4 5 1

10 5 -

53 1 2

121 7 1

53 41 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.88 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Austria 12. COAL IMPORT VALUES BY ORIGIN* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne) 1988

1990

1995

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Coking coal(1)

..

..

214.20

71.17

98.33

85.39

206.11

..

307.83

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former USSR(2)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 98.50 .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 242.07 .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 206.11 .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 66.80 66.78 85.27 116.18 106.63 Imports from: Australia .. .. .. .. 9110.53 .. .. Canada .. .. .. 67.46 .. 406.70 401.61 Czech Republic .. .. 63.72 70.46 90.16 129.52 115.10 Poland .. .. 73.62 63.38 81.75 100.29 95.32 United States .. .. .. .. 1198.19 155.09 141.99 China .. .. .. .. .. .. 291.30 Colombia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. South Africa .. .. .. .. .. 133.90 .. Former USSR(2) .. .. .. 93.29 128.71 70.33 84.00 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs.

114.81

170.22

135.44 .. 116.79 106.74 159.43 472.80 .. 117.62 118.57

.. 321.27 165.34 165.52 185.60 505.58 .. .. 177.48

Steam coal(3)

(1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former USSR until 1991, Russia starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.89

Belgium* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 90

140

80

120

70

100

60 80

50 40

60

30

40

20

20

10 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 20

20

18

18

16

16

14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 100

1977

140

90

120

80 100

70 60

80

50 60

40 30

40

20 20

10

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001

2007

Other

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.90 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Belgium 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

TPES (Mtce) 65.70 66.81 Coal and peat 15.97 16.28 Oil 39.55 33.34 Gas 10.20 12.73 Comb. renew/waste 0.01 0.08 Nuclear 0.03 4.67 Hydro 0.02 0.03 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) -0.09 -0.32 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

68.92 15.10 25.59 11.67 1.08 15.91 0.03 0.00 0.00 -0.46 -

83.57 11.25 33.22 19.09 1.48 17.93 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.53 -

83.02 6.83 33.25 21.43 2.71 17.37 0.04 0.01 0.05 e 1.25 0.10

81.46 6.06 32.14 21.32 2.94 17.95 0.05 0.00 0.07 0.83 0.09

82.51 6.07 33.27 21.14 3.52 16.96 0.05 0.00 0.09 1.30 0.09

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 0.28 -0.33 -2.53 0.79 30.09 45.13 2.63 9.84 -

0.99 -5.22 1.35 3.61 6.09 0.72 2.26 2.02 22.82 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

128 154 188 232 259 0.51 0.43 0.37 0.36 0.32 Population (millions) 9.7 9.9 10.0 10.2 10.5 TPES/population(1) 6.76 6.78 6.91 8.16 7.87 TPES/GDP(2) 142.6 120.6 102.0 100.0 89.0 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 257.5 218.3 165.9 100.0 54.4 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 80.0 84.4 92.5 100.0 95.5 Elec. generation (TWh) 41 53 70 83 84 Industrial production(2) 65.7 70.6 86.0 100.0 109.3 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

266 0.31 10.6 7.67 85.0 47.0 93.2 88 112.2

270 0.31 10.6 7.78 84.9 46.4 .. 83 111.5

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 2.28 -1.95 0.15 0.14 -1.95 -2.55 0.86 3.28 1.59

2.08 -1.07 0.37 0.61 -1.07 -7.15 0.05 1.30 1.58

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE*

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

3.81 3.19 -

4.04 2.69 -

1.69 -

0.29 -

0.02 -

-

-

-5.18 -

-

-

-5.92 -

-

Mt: Coking coal 3.81 4.04 Steam coal 4.90 3.98 2.36 0.38 0.03 Brown coal Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries (1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.91

Belgium 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

48.19 8.15 28.80 6.58 4.20 0.46

46.12 6.05 24.08 10.11 5.33 0.56

45.75 5.05 22.98 9.74 0.54 0.00 7.12 0.32

59.11 3.68 29.92 14.52 0.76 0.00 9.53 0.70

59.34 1.70 31.23 14.85 1.09 0.00 9.85 0.61

58.18 1.49 29.17 15.50 1.18 0.00 10.15 0.68

56.64 1.44 28.12 15.11 1.19 0.01 10.18 0.58

-0.30 -2.78 -1.32 2.34 3.15 -2.14

1.26 -7.11 1.19 2.62 4.80 10.56 2.12 3.69

19.41 5.06 7.46 3.68 2.75 0.46

16.00 4.57 3.65 4.33 2.94 0.51

15.02 4.30 2.31 4.12 0.27 3.75 0.27

18.32 3.40 2.29 6.58 0.54 4.90 0.61

14.92 1.52 1.51 5.71 0.81 4.84 0.53

15.85 1.31 1.44 6.72 0.87 4.94 0.57

15.78 1.26 1.43 6.94 0.75 4.93 0.47

-1.50 -0.95 -6.67 0.67 1.83 -3.08

0.29 -6.99 -2.76 3.12 6.14 1.62 3.42

6.31 0.02 6.20 -

7.72 0.00 7.60 -

9.69 9.53 -

11.69 11.52 -

12.35 12.14 -

12.06 11.86 -

12.11 11.78 -

2.55 2.57 -

1.32 1.25 -

0.10 15.78 3.07 10.21 1.56

0.12 13.70 1.47 7.00 3.58

0.15 11.82 0.75 4.98 3.55

0.18 13.53 0.28 5.39 4.70

0.21 14.17 0.18 5.17 5.32

0.20 12.73 0.18 4.50 4.94

0.12 0.21 11.58 0.16 3.74 4.68

2.53 -1.68 -7.99 -4.14 4.95

1.74 -0.12 -8.65 -1.67 1.65

0.93 1.52 0.59 0.51

1.61 0.02 4.25 2.23 1.34

0.26 2.26 0.03 4.11 1.65 1.48

0.22 0.00 2.92 0.02 4.92 1.19 2.21

0.27 0.00 3.20 0.02 5.93 1.81 2.53

0.30 0.00 2.79 0.02 6.16 1.56 2.41

0.29 0.01 2.69 0.02 5.59 1.33 1.95

5.34 6.02 6.20 6.42

0.44 1.01 -1.06 1.83 -1.26 1.64

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity 0.41 0.65 0.96 Heat 0.03 0.02 Non-energy use 4.52 3.73 4.42 Coal and peat Oil 3.69 2.87 3.82 Gas 0.83 0.86 0.60 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.00 0.00 1.50 0.02 9.62 8.59 1.03

0.01 0.00 1.56 0.02 10.74 0.01 9.47 1.26

0.01 0.00 2.11 0.07 10.15 0.00 8.92 1.22

0.01 0.00 2.23 0.07 10.28 0.03 8.95 1.30

5.08 -0.13 0.20 -1.87

5.09 7.50 5.09 5.13 4.68

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.92 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Belgium 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

9.2 7.6 -1.1 0.3

6.7 11.5 -1.2 -0.7

1.7 15.3 -1.6 -0.3

0.3 11.8 -1.6 0.7

0.0 7.7 -1.1 0.3

7.2 -1.4 0.2

7.4 -1.0 -0.3

-9.5 4.2 2.2 x

-4.3 -0.8 x

Primary supply

16.0

16.3

15.1

11.3

6.8

6.1

6.1

-0.3

-5.2

1.5

-0.4

-0.0

-0.5

0.2

0.6

..

x

x

Statistical difference Total transformation

-8.2 e

-9.1 e

-9.4 e

-6.7 e

-5.2 e

-5.0 e

..

0.8

-3.7

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-3.9 -3.9 -

-5.5 -4.8 -0.7

-6.5 -6.0 -0.5

-4.7 -4.5 -0.2

-3.2 -2.9 -0.3

-3.1 -2.8 -0.3

.. .. ..

3.0 2.5 -

-4.3 -4.4 -3.1

-0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-3.6 e -2.9 e -0.8 0.0

-2.9 e -2.3 e -0.5 0.0

-2.0 e -2.0 e -0.0 0.0

-2.1 e -1.8 e -0.3 0.0

-1.9 e -1.6 e -0.3 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.3 -2.7 -0.6 -34.9

-2.4 -2.3 -2.9 13.5

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-4.3 e -3.8 e -0.6 0.1 -

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-1.1

-0.8

-0.7

-0.3

-0.3

-0.3

..

-2.6

-5.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

8.2

6.0

5.1

3.7

1.5

1.4

..

-2.8

-7.1

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

5.1 3.5 e 0.1 1.0 -

4.6 2.9 e 0.1 1.5 0.0

4.3 2.9 e 0.2 0.8 0.0

3.4 2.8 e 0.0 0.4 0.0

1.3 0.9 e 0.0 0.2 0.0

1.3 0.9 e 0.2 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.0 -1.1 2.2 -1.0 -

-7.0 -6.7 -8.1 -1.0

Transport sector(6)

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

3.1 3.1

1.5 1.5

0.7 0.7

0.3 0.3

0.2 0.2

0.2 0.2

.. .. ..

-8.0 -8.0

-8.6 -8.6

-

-

0.0

0.0

..

-

-

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

Other sectors

(4)

(5)

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.93

Belgium 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes) 1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

8.76 4.44 4.18 0.26 0.12 0.03 2.66 0.17 0.03 2.44 0.02 1.63 -

8.99 5.49 5.17 0.32 0.07 2.15 0.08 0.03 2.02 0.02 1.33 -

9.00 6.64 6.34 0.30 0.00 0.41 1.37 0.10 0.14 0.87 0.05 0.22 0.70 -

7.00 4.37 4.31 0.07 0.01 0.98 0.98 0.48 0.36 0.04 0.10 0.30 -

4.29 3.05 2.98 0.06 0.01 0.48 0.36 0.12 0.12 0.04 0.08 0.19 0.01

3.43 2.61 2.54 0.07 0.01 0.47 0.28 0.05 0.13 0.03 0.07 0.18 0.01

3.07 2.25 2.19 0.05 0.00 0.40 0.28 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.09 0.16 0.03

0.22 3.41 3.53 1.22 -32.76 -5.39 -4.36 13.74 -8.25 20.19 -6.77 -

-6.13 -6.18 -6.06 -9.62 8.50 -0.16 -8.94 -4.29 -12.04 -0.26 -5.20 -8.21 -

7.52 0.20 0.18 0.02 7.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 -

8.01 7.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 -

7.16 7.16 -

4.05 3.86 -

3.26 3.37 -

3.75 3.66 0.00 0.00 -

3.45 3.43 0.01 0.01 0.00 -

-0.42 -0.03 -

-4.20 -4.24 -

0.10 0.28 0.10 0.28 0.10 0.28 Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

0.22 0.22 0.22 -

0.21 0.21 0.01 0.20 -

0.29 0.29 0.00 0.29 -

0.32 0.32 0.32 -

-

0.82 0.80 0.80 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.94 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Belgium 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

53.08 66.67 65.42

62.51 128.76 123.12

59.60 91.13 96.10

42.95 129.79 c

95.02 x c

105.36 x c

82.93 x c

99.07 x c

171.19 x c

29.62 63.67 66.67 .. 71.79

42.87 66.51 128.76 .. 117.89

55.41 61.72 91.13 102.02 112.22

.. 47.21 129.79 117.76 c

.. .. x 154.04 c

.. .. x 220.57 c

.. .. x 251.62 c

.. .. x 289.79 c

.. .. x 444.57 c

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

31.61 72.53 65.69

34.56 130.02 114.77

37.68 105.23 102.43

35.54 196.15 c

58.33 x c

64.68 x c

50.40 x c

55.15 x c

89.29 x c

Steam coal 18.34 24.64 Coking coal 49.73 48.22 High sulphur fuel oil 72.53 130.02 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas 72.09 109.89 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

36.42 51.17 105.23 117.80 119.61

.. 51.22 196.15 177.97 c

.. .. x 172.72 c

.. .. x 247.31 c

.. .. x 279.32 c

.. .. x 294.66 c

.. .. x 423.54 c

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

7.60 6.36 .. .. 1.24

11.49 10.13 4.17 5.96 0.03 1.33

15.33 14.37 7.13 7.24 0.08 0.88

11.84 10.66 3.82 6.84 0.06 1.12

9.53 9.20 3.58 5.62 0.05 0.28

8.37 8.14 3.53 4.61 0.06 0.17

7.67 7.49 3.49 4.00 0.08 0.10

7.21 6.89 3.25 3.64 0.09 0.23

7.39 6.55 2.99 3.56 0.03 0.81

Total exports 1.10 1.23 1.60 1.59 1.23 1.10 1.12 Hard coal 0.60 0.47 0.68 1.28 1.14 1.06 0.93 Coking coal .. 0.18 0.09 0.03 0.01 Steam coal .. 0.30 0.68 1.20 1.14 1.03 0.92 Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1) 0.50 0.76 0.92 0.30 0.09 0.03 0.19 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

1.39 1.28 0.01 1.27 0.11

0.97 0.88 0.88 0.10

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.95

Belgium 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Hard Coal

7007

10139

14761

11347

9790

8804

8056

7415

7050

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

3490 209 148 59 1751 392 22 833 15

4168 206 25 783 422 2719 13

7132 1015 236 690 105 32 4897 -

3818 1109 678 74 1898 -

3577 1800 404 89 49 1157 -

3533 2003 227 1303 -

3490 1647 351 23 1468 -

3247 1739 175 1326 6

2993 1624 60 1221 66

15 46 -

-

157 -

59 -

78 -

-

1

1

16 6 -

3517 26 2316 105 129 72

5971 51 14 1563 162 217 1436 239

7629 388 66 721 242 67 981 60

7529 2354 12 118 225 76 309 48

6213 823 91 297 51 502 41

5271 947 43 155 436 62 411 29

4566 490 88 299 38 367 45

4168 581 11 97 6 38 403 46

4057 651 110 45 632 43

606 233 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other 30 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

2050 216 23

292 170 6 4365 234 1 36

167 431 11 3028 705 19 3 23 -

36 64 3016 1263 4 25 -

58 5 2081 944 98 2

27 4 2260 786 143 19 -

15 27 275 1641 1010 17 1

22 202 218 1735 387 9 3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.96 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Belgium 11. STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

122

305

724

1340

1314

1199

1069

1464

1011

122 61 1 21 1 13 6 18 1 -

291 55 162 5 2 22 15 13 13 4 -

724 1 360 67 5 61 179 4 43 4 -

1340 2 609 495 7 40 136 6 15 15 15 -

1313 418 518 3 42 318 4 8 2 -

1199 377 334 2 37 423 17 7 2 -

1068 270 365 23 389 2 1 15 3 -

1462 263 409 1 46 737 2 1 3 -

1011 169 150 16 572 10 92 2 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

14

-

-

1

-

1

2

-

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.97

Belgium 12. COAL IMPORT VALUES BY ORIGIN* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne) 1988

1990

1995

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Coking coal(1)

57.09

63.93

57.74

49.25

78.98

108.68

126.85

120.51

163.26

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former USSR(2)

53.70 .. .. 46.04 56.70 .. .. .. ..

63.54 63.80 254.00 60.08 62.61 .. .. 54.18 ..

58.30 56.91 .. 57.96 58.28 63.59 .. 49.03 ..

53.92 64.65 .. .. 53.59 .. .. 35.41 ..

75.15 73.50 .. 105.22 69.24 309.94 .. 49.63 132.29

125.12 148.24 .. 133.14 96.51 285.09 .. 67.23 75.13

150.51 153.27 .. 131.24 101.04 229.39 .. 59.63 67.34

135.93 136.78 .. .. 104.33 163.87 .. 78.76 91.44

184.60 .. .. .. 141.00 241.46 114.10 139.94 172.22

41.23 45.57 47.94 39.76 66.29 70.83 70.95 Imports from: Australia 39.75 50.57 45.93 .. 75.32 97.75 100.18 Canada 69.05 57.14 66.64 .. .. 102.49 .. Czech Republic .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Poland 66.44 48.40 46.66 33.70 69.33 63.56 57.55 United States 47.55 51.01 49.77 55.26 73.93 .. 66.92 China 44.97 48.49 45.65 56.59 72.40 .. .. Colombia 39.77 51.92 53.17 49.82 62.64 73.98 68.14 South Africa 38.92 44.88 43.64 36.54 64.17 68.15 66.67 Former USSR(2) .. 44.83 43.65 37.70 71.06 67.19 63.23 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs.

82.81

150.58

90.32 72.46 .. 158.69 90.95 653.12 84.14 80.05 82.65

199.82 .. .. 270.57 140.60 .. 195.17 128.43 139.75

Steam coal(3)

(1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former USSR until 1991, Russia starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.98 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Canada* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 450

160

400

140

350

120

300

100

250

80

200

60

150 40 100 20

50

0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 50

70

45

60

40 50

35 30

40

25 30

20 15

20

10 10

5

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

700

600

600

500

500

400

400

300

300

200

200

100

100

0

0

Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

Other

1971

1977 Coal

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh)

2008e

1983

Electricity and heat

700

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

1977

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001 Other

2007

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.99

Canada 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

1990

TPES (Mtce) 227.63 275.14 298.11 Coal and peat 21.80 30.32 34.68 Oil 113.41 126.46 109.31 Gas 53.25 65.07 78.18 Comb. renew/waste 11.16 10.92 11.82 Nuclear 5.82 14.86 27.71 Hydro 23.91 30.86 36.46 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide 0.00 Net electricity trade(1) -1.72 -3.35 -0.04 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2000 358.81 45.23 124.03 106.05 16.69 27.10 44.05 0.04 e -4.38 -

2006

2007

2008e

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

384.57 40.86 135.11 113.75 16.75 36.47 43.66 0.31 -2.35 -

384.81 42.96 134.93 112.86 16.72 34.81 45.26 0.38 -3.11 -

382.05 37.22 133.58 117.27 16.87 34.97 45.75 0.38 -3.99 -

1.60 2.77 -0.22 2.28 0.34 9.62 2.51 -19.53 -

2007

2008e

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

869 0.44 33.0 11.67 89.4 79.2 88.0 640 100.6

873 0.44 33.1 11.53 88.4 68.3 .. 633 95.9

1.51 1.27 1.25 2.18 2.06 1.35 1.28 32.43 28.66 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

325 412 544 725 846 0.70 0.67 0.55 0.49 0.45 Population (millions) 22.5 24.5 27.7 30.7 32.6 TPES/population(1) 10.12 11.22 10.76 11.69 11.78 TPES/GDP(2) 141.4 134.9 110.8 100.0 91.8 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 107.5 117.9 102.2 100.0 77.4 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 101.9 110.8 115.8 100.0 88.3 Elec. generation (TWh) 270 373 482 606 616 Industrial production(2) 51.2 56.2 69.0 100.0 100.7 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3.07 -1.43 1.23 0.36 -1.43 -0.29 0.76 3.47 1.78

2.80 -1.25 1.03 0.48 -1.25 -1.49 -1.60 1.68 2.24

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

13.39 3.25 7.82 -

13.75 5.82 9.72 -

27.17 9.83 17.18 -

23.92 4.79 20.44 -

22.08 e 3.40 e 20.74 -

23.77 e 4.20 e 20.44 -

23.73 4.58 20.07 -

6.07 9.66 6.78 -

-0.78 -4.88 1.03 -

Mt: Coking coal 13.78 14.15 27.66 28.16 26.00 e 27.99 e 27.94 Steam coal 3.36 6.02 10.01 5.64 3.90 e 4.82 e 5.26 Brown coal 13.34 16.52 30.66 35.36 36.10 35.64 34.91 Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

5.98 9.52 7.18 -

0.07 -4.21 0.89 -

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.100 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Canada 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

187.48 7.46 108.07 33.89 10.88 27.04 0.14

221.52 6.18 114.27 51.75 10.60 37.25 1.47

227.31 4.41 98.27 61.86 10.42 51.37 0.98

270.96 5.02 115.40 76.30 13.84 59.17 1.23

290.41 5.06 132.92 73.73 14.37 62.92 1.40

281.21 5.18 127.77 72.21 13.76 61.00 1.30

292.83 5.08 130.51 79.71 13.87 62.45 1.21

1.14 -3.04 -0.56 3.60 -0.25 3.85 12.26

1.50 0.83 1.68 1.50 1.70 1.16 1.28

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

65.02 6.71 20.06 16.95 8.15 13.01 0.14

71.52 5.85 16.56 23.14 7.87 16.67 1.43

67.30 3.87 9.70 24.07 8.13 20.63 0.90

78.56 4.59 9.22 27.59 11.03 24.98 1.15

82.32 4.45 12.62 26.79 11.23 26.00 1.24

77.89 4.64 8.60 27.60 10.91 24.99 1.15

81.99 4.45 8.88 32.45 10.27 24.92 1.02

0.20 -3.18 -4.19 2.08 -0.02 2.75 11.73

1.17 0.82 -0.52 1.77 1.39 1.12 0.72

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

48.00 0.18 47.42 -

63.31 60.70 2.33

61.60 57.06 4.14

74.49 66.95 6.79

79.51 72.61 6.14

79.10 72.51 5.84

82.65 75.28 5.92

1.48 1.09 -

1.74 1.64 2.14

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.40 36.34 0.57 17.92 8.73

0.28 40.43 0.11 14.67 12.49

0.40 41.19 0.07 6.66 16.22

0.19 0.56 44.09 0.05 4.64 19.80

0.24 0.52 44.73 0.05 e 3.39 19.85

0.20 0.56 42.79 0.06 e 3.08 18.96

0.95 0.50 46.00 0.05 e 3.31 20.99

0.06 0.74 -11.87 -5.66 3.71

1.27 0.65 -1.56 -4.03 1.53

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

2.73 6.38 24.13 0.00 8.93 8.20

2.73 e 10.42 26.13 0.04 7.08 10.05

2.30 15.95 0.00 31.04 0.01 5.82 11.89

2.62 16.98 39.17 0.00 8.25 15.45

2.89 e 18.55 0.00 44.44 12.27 15.50

2.65 18.06 0.00 42.26 11.65 14.35

2.65 19.01 0.00 43.63 11.72 14.89

-1.01 5.54 1.49 6.38 -2.48 2.21

0.84 1.04 4.16 2.02 4.20 1.33

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity 7.00 8.92 13.31 Heat 0.04 0.01 Non-energy use 10.44 16.65 21.46 Coal and peat 0.18 0.47 Oil 10.44 13.14 16.16 Gas 3.33 4.83 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

15.46 0.01 28.56 0.38 22.35 5.84

16.58 0.09 34.22 0.56 28.81 4.85

16.18 0.09 33.92 0.49 28.61 4.82

0.01 e 16.89 0.13 33.06 0.57 27.71 4.77

3.86 4.33 2.61 -

1.41 18.83 2.57 1.24 3.22 -0.07

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.101

Canada 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

16.7 15.0 -10.9 1.0

29.3 15.4 -14.9 0.5

54.2 13.6 -30.6 -2.5

49.2 21.5 -27.5 2.1

46.2 18.1 -24.1 0.6

21.8

30.3

34.7

45.2

40.9

Statistical difference

0.5

0.1

1.7

1.2

Total transformation

-14.8 e

-24.3 e

-31.8 e

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-11.9 -11.9 -

-21.5 -21.4 -0.0

-2.9 e -1.9 e -1.0 -

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

2007

48.4 17.1 -27.9 -0.4

7.2 -0.5 6.3 x

-0.7 2.1 -1.0 x

43.0

37.2

2.8

1.3

-0.1

2.5

..

x

x

-41.3 e

-35.1 e

-39.9 e

..

4.6

1.3

-30.0 -30.0 -0.0

-39.7 -39.6 -0.1

-33.3 e -33.3 e -0.1 e

-38.1 e -38.1 e -0.0 e

.. .. ..

5.6 5.6 -

1.4 1.4 0.7

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-2.8 e -2.1 e -0.7 -

-1.8 e -1.5 e -0.3 -

-1.6 e -1.4 e -0.2 -

-1.7 e -1.4 e -0.3 e -

-1.8 e -1.4 e -0.4 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.8 -1.2 -7.8 -

-0.0 -0.4 2.1 -

-

-

-

-

-0.1

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

-

-

-

7.5

6.2

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

6.7 3.7 e 0.7 0.3

Transport sector(6)

e e e e

48.4 19.4 -25.7 0.9

2008e e e e e

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

-

-

..

-

-

-0.5 e

-0.5 e

..

2.6

8.0

-

-

-

..

x

x

4.4

5.0

5.2

5.1

..

-3.0

0.8

5.9 4.1 e 0.0 0.3 0.3

3.9 2.3 e 0.7 0.1

4.6 2.6 e 1.0 0.1

4.6 2.6 e 1.1 e 0.0 e

4.5 2.3 e 1.2 e 0.0 e

.. .. .. .. ..

-3.2 -2.8 -0.0 -4.4

0.8 0.1 3.4 -6.4

0.2

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.6 0.0 0.6

0.1 0.0 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.1

0.1 0.1 e

0.1 0.1 e

.. .. ..

-11.4 6.4 -11.9

-2.1 -1.6

Non-energy use 0.2 0.5 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.4

0.5

0.6

..

-

1.2

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

Other sectors

(4)

(5)

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.102 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Canada 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

11.51 10.30 10.29 0.01 1.41 0.07 0.26 0.36 0.28 0.44 0.05 -

14.04 12.66 12.65 0.01 1.52 0.09 0.05 0.35 0.22 0.82 0.06 0.02

13.86 12.21 12.19 0.02 1.22 0.69 0.09 0.44 0.04 0.26

18.04 15.75 15.74 0.01 1.74 1.03 0.03 0.67 0.02 0.33

16.16 13.21 13.20 0.01 - e 1.86 1.20 0.02 0.64 0.02 0.53

16.69 14.98 14.97 0.01 - e 2.03 1.22 0.02 0.80 0.03 0.44

17.83 15.85 15.84 0.01 - e 2.18 1.32 0.02 0.84 0.03 0.53

1.56 1.42 1.42 2.12 -1.20 5.41 -8.64 0.02 -0.95 -

1.49 1.55 1.55 -4.00 3.48 3.94 -9.57 3.88 -2.87 4.28

6.78 6.98 -

7.32 7.31 -

5.02 5.00 -

4.46 4.23 -

4.29 4.29 e -

4.55 4.33 e -

5.43 4.30 e -

-2.46 -2.74 -

0.46 -0.87 -

13.17 15.91 30.26 12.61 15.61 29.95 12.61 15.61 29.95 0.29 0.25 0.17 0.17 0.19 0.10 0.12 0.06 0.08 0.25 0.16 0.06 Non-energy use 0.09 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

40.47 40.08 40.08 0.16 0.10 0.07 0.07 0.14

7.18 7.47 7.47 -4.25 -4.60 -3.77 -11.22 -

1.31 1.30 1.30 -3.22 -2.82 -3.77 -0.10 3.59

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

39.76 39.26 39.26 0.10 0.06 0.04 0.06 0.16

36.70 35.26 35.26 0.10 0.06 0.04 0.06 0.16

37.78 37.31 37.31 0.10 0.06 0.04 0.06 0.16

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.103

Canada 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

37.88 51.11 34.43

48.61 58.22 32.89

61.02 .. 48.90

20.54 87.53 104.81

23.34 103.15 133.68

28.16 144.70 175.22

30.19 162.14 170.13

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

43.98 62.70 51.91 .. 43.30

42.74 64.82 71.09 .. 50.88

.. .. 93.40 .. 65.09

.. .. 148.04 .. 69.84

.. .. 181.94 .. 173.95

.. .. 243.30 .. 226.41

.. .. 268.17 .. 211.58

.. .. 321.39 .. 206.85

.. .. 416.74 .. 277.66

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Canadian dollars / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

37.62 79.95 50.49

49.49 93.37 49.45

62.00 .. 73.37

26.55 178.28 200.12

26.44 184.06 223.63

29.70 240.46 272.97

29.81 252.23 248.12

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

Steam coal 51.08 50.89 Coking coal 73.20 77.58 High sulphur fuel oil 81.21 114.01 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas 63.50 76.50 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

.. .. 149.50 .. 97.67

.. .. 301.51 .. 133.36

.. .. 324.65 .. 290.99

.. .. 404.30 .. 352.73

.. .. 417.17 .. 308.56

.. .. 473.47 .. 285.68

.. .. 610.17 .. 381.13

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

14.95 14.62 .. .. 0.33

15.40 15.15 6.21 8.94 0.25

13.64 13.32 4.22 9.10 0.32

21.50 18.15 4.15 14.00 2.76 0.59

15.82 11.66 3.31 e 8.35 e 3.91 0.25

16.83 12.71 4.09 e 8.62 e 4.03 0.08

18.13 14.25 4.11 e 10.14 e 2.94 0.93

19.36 15.21 3.30 e 11.92 e 3.34 0.81

17.12 10.00 3.18 6.82 5.81 1.31

Total exports 10.91 14.91 30.63 27.53 22.12 24.08 24.07 Hard coal 10.56 14.84 30.45 27.25 21.94 23.86 23.83 Coking coal .. 13.73 26.37 24.11 20.25 e 22.68 e 21.40 e Steam coal .. 1.10 4.08 3.14 1.69 e 1.18 e 2.43 e Brown coal / lignite 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.07 0.14 Peat Coal products(1) 0.34 0.07 0.18 0.28 0.12 0.14 0.10 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

25.69 25.32 22.05 e 3.26 e 0.21 0.17

27.89 26.87 22.63 4.24 0.91 0.11

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.104 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Canada 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

14250

15634

14169

18790

12797 e

14104 e

15868 e

17057

11082

5454 5454 -

6389 6389 -

4491 4491 -

4296 4296 -

3429 e 3429 e -

4228 e 4160 e -

4253 e 4133 e -

3409 3322 -

3286 3286 -

-

-

-

-

- e -

9 e 59 e

7 e 113 e

8796 8796 -

9245 9245 -

9678 9639 -

14494 14090 -

9368 e 7371 e -

9876 e 6318 e -

11615 e 8537 e -

13648 7873 -

7796 5 6033 -

Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

-

39 -

155 61 26 91 71

889 e 35 e 169 e 706 e 198 e

51 e 2086 e 329 e 62 e 564 e 466 e

16 e 2120 e 200 e 299 e 443 e -

1543 475 64 624 3069

1 1445 226 19 67 -

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

87 e -

-

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.105

Canada 10. COKING COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

13017

14127

26851

28386

23847 e

26710 e

25203 e

25968 e

26643

12217 147 164 10934 668 150 154 -

12785 21 161 316 48 10711 1295 28 48 157 -

19684 6 41 379 72 159 16569 369 519 102 51 645 772

22440 374 585 792 1170 12085 3851 385 408 338 819 1093 540

18487 293 200 388 1814 553 891 4883 3625 483 1139 113 1306 1064 1735

e

21719 58 516 494 1757 1469 6794 4770 406 807 344 1025 1677 1602

e

20791 494 372 1680 1177 7225 4441 274 994 175 1080 1418 1461

e

23321 345 592 1733 1126 8430 5099 230 1047 631 226 957 1437 1468

e

22718 426 569 1381 165 1081 8610 5079 694 599 234 235 956 1122 1567

800 600 200 -

1306 626 211 263 182 24 -

1969 1108 129 224 508 -

3107 1471 1324 312 -

5360 1469 990 381 49 365 1967 139

e e e e

4991 1718 1274 426 368 1060 145

e e e e

3801 1584 1220 220 69 373 265 70

e e e e

2107 1449 74 344 240 -

e e

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

36

5198

2839

-

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

e

e e e e

e e e e e

e

e e e

e

e e e

-

e

e e e

e e e e e

e

e e e

e e e

e e e

e e e e e

e

e e e

e

e e e

611 e

e e e

e e e e e

e e

e e e

e

e e

540 e

2683 1446 141 70 366 660 1242

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.106 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Canada 11. STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

971

1142

4149

3696

1899 e

1354 e

2786 e

3748 e

4870

971 27 309 492 83 56 4

1142 252 442 412 35 1

2706 479 18 64 1933 18 194

3419 151 55 14 1244 1767 80 108

1261 e 501 e 760 e

1132 726 169 237

2139 1375 534 230

e

3216 6 2094 908 55 153

4144 2001 1929 75 139

-

-

218 98 120 -

-

45 e 45 e -

180 e 180 e -

350 e 348 e 2 e -

532 172 358 2 -

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

-

1225

277

593 e

42 e

297 e

-

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

e

e e

e

e

e e

2008e

e

e

e e

e e e

e

e e

656 73 328 76 179 70

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.107

Czech Republic* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 80

120

70

100

60 80 50 40

60

30

40

20 20 10 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 70

60

60

50

50

40

40 30 30 20

20

10

10 0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

200

90

180

80

160

70

140

60

120

50

100

40

80

30

60

20

40

10

20

0

0

Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

Other

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh)

2008e

1983

Electricity and heat

100

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

1977

1971

1977 Coal

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001

2007

Other

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.108 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Czech Republic 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

TPES (Mtce) 64.51 67.06 Coal and peat 50.84 47.75 Oil 12.37 15.48 Gas 1.44 3.72 Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro 0.13 0.29 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) -0.27 -0.19 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

69.65 44.94 12.46 7.51 4.69 0.14 -0.09 -

57.50 30.83 11.01 10.71 0.91 5.06 0.22 -1.23 -0.00

65.51 29.94 13.58 10.81 2.66 9.73 0.31 0.01 -1.55 0.01

65.36 30.38 13.65 10.23 3.02 9.78 0.26 0.02 -1.98 0.02

64.92 29.38 13.55 10.17 3.01 9.92 0.25 0.04 -1.41 0.02

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 0.45 -0.72 0.04 10.20 0.42 -6.60 -

-0.37 -2.28 0.54 1.83 4.42 3.52 20.36 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

41 e 49 e 55 57 73 1.57 e 1.38 e 1.26 1.01 0.90 Population (millions) 9.9 10.3 10.4 10.3 10.3 TPES/population(1) 6.50 6.49 6.72 5.60 6.38 TPES/GDP(2) 155.1 e 135.9 e 124.2 100.0 88.8 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 228.0 e 180.5 e 149.5 100.0 75.7 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 82.6 e 89.4 e 100.1 100.0 90.0 Elec. generation (TWh) 41 53 62 73 84 Industrial production(2) .. .. 120.0 100.0 144.5 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

77 0.85 10.3 6.33 83.6 72.5 85.3 88 159.6

81 0.81 10.3 6.31 79.5 67.2 .. 83 156.6

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 1.77 -1.30 0.26 0.20 -1.30 -2.45 1.14 2.46 -

1.97 -2.30 -0.02 -0.35 -2.30 -4.17 -0.94 2.04 1.69

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

14.81 6.57 37.25 0.17

13.89 6.40 37.35 0.14

13.78 38.10 -

7.92 27.86 -

7.57 26.53 -

7.49 26.52 -

7.33 25.48 -

-0.60 0.19 -

-3.52 -2.11 -

Mt: Coking coal 18.55 17.40 14.38 8.14 7.75 7.67 7.51 Steam coal 10.60 10.32 Brown coal 88.84 89.09 87.02 57.03 55.16 54.95 52.68 Peat 0.60 0.50 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

-2.10 -0.17 -

-3.63 -2.67 -

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.109

Czech Republic 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

44.78 27.50 11.07 2.59 3.62 -

49.51 26.33 13.18 3.40 4.65 1.95

47.84 19.12 11.71 6.86 5.92 4.23

35.66 6.65 10.42 8.45 0.33 6.07 3.75

39.49 5.00 13.24 8.83 2.08 0.00 6.79 3.54

40.02 5.53 13.17 8.78 2.23 0.00 7.00 3.30

38.51 4.33 13.22 8.43 2.50 0.01 7.03 2.99

0.39 -2.12 0.33 5.90 2.93 -

-1.27 -8.37 0.72 1.22 1.02 -2.01

25.18 16.34 5.88 0.66 2.31 -

26.80 16.70 6.96 0.40 2.73 -

22.73 9.96 4.13 3.79 3.31 1.54

13.03 4.75 0.93 3.72 0.20 2.33 1.11

12.41 3.63 0.79 3.45 0.71 2.84 0.99

12.34 3.55 0.65 3.51 0.72 2.90 1.01

12.04 3.07 0.68 3.58 0.74 2.97 1.01

-0.60 -2.87 -2.06 10.87 2.14 -

-3.67 -6.69 -10.10 -0.33 -0.63 -2.44

3.10 0.17 2.70 -

3.28 0.14 2.86 -

3.70 3.31 -

6.05 5.63 0.04

8.41 0.01 8.07 0.06

8.57 0.01 8.20 0.06

9.04 0.01 8.64 0.06

1.05 1.22 -

5.39 5.80 -

0.23 10.05 9.29 e 0.07 0.22

0.28 10.65 8.04 e 0.12 0.55

0.39 11.34 6.71 e 0.12 1.53

0.09 0.29 7.58 1.12 0.11 2.93

0.00 0.27 8.89 0.80 0.05 3.30

0.03 0.27 9.30 1.17 0.05 3.25

0.04 0.28 8.35 0.70 0.04 2.91

3.08 0.71 -1.89 3.64 12.25

-1.88 -1.78 -12.48 -7.00 3.84

0.48 0.89 0.39 e 0.25

0.76 1.18 2.26 0.33 e 0.13 0.63

1.18 1.78 4.32 1.86 e 0.07 1.27

1.70 1.73 4.26 0.34 0.01 1.58

1.26 0.00 1.81 1.67 4.43 0.11 0.02 1.82

1.37 0.00 1.87 1.59 4.38 0.24 0.02 1.74

1.59 0.00 1.80 1.32 4.19 0.07 0.02 1.73

5.42 9.76 9.55 10.14

2.50 -1.76 -0.18 -17.82 -8.05 1.82

0.04 1.42 0.88 3.05 3.05 -

0.08 0.00 1.54 0.86 4.21 0.42 3.79 -

0.08 0.00 1.59 0.69 4.26 0.53 3.73 -

0.10 0.00 1.63 0.64 3.84 0.47 3.36 -

3.56 2.45 2.45 -

7.89 -0.24 2.63 1.84 -

of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity 0.25 0.41 0.45 Heat 0.77 0.67 Non-energy use 1.64 1.78 2.47 Coal and peat Oil 1.64 1.78 2.47 Gas Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.110 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Czech Republic 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

57.8 2.3 -12.0 -0.3

51.9 2.2 -10.4 1.2

35.8 1.5 -8.3 1.8

34.1 2.9 -7.8 0.7

34.0 3.3 -7.8 0.9

32.8 2.9 -7.1 0.8

-0.3 15.0 6.3 x

-2.5 2.3 -1.7 x

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

54.3 0.2 -3.7 -0.0

Primary supply

50.8

47.7

44.9

30.8

29.9

30.4

29.4

-0.7

-2.3

Statistical difference

1.8

3.3

-1.3

-0.5

-1.1

-1.0

..

x

x

Total transformation

-24.2 e

-23.7 e

-23.4 e

-23.2 e

-22.5 e

-24.2 e

..

-0.2

0.2

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-11.9 e -11.9 e -

-16.7 e -16.7 e -

-20.5 e -17.4 e -3.1 e

-20.9 -18.9 -2.0

-20.1 -18.2 -1.9

-22.0 -20.2 -1.8

.. .. ..

3.3 2.3 -

0.4 0.9 -3.1

-2.3 e

-2.6 e

-1.2

-0.6

-0.8

-0.7

..

-3.9

-3.3

-10.0 e 0.0 e -2.6 e -7.4 e -

-4.3 e 0.0 -2.6 e -1.8 -

-1.8 e -0.0 -1.7 e -0.0 -

-1.7 e 0.0 -1.3 e -0.4 -

-1.5 e -0.1 -1.4 e -0.1 -

-1.6 e -0.0 -1.5 e -0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-9.7 -2.3 -26.5 -

-0.5 64.1 -0.9 7.2 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3) Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

e e e e

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-1.0 e

-1.0 e

-1.1 e

-0.5

-0.6

-0.6

..

0.8

-3.5

-0.1 e

-0.1 e

-0.1 e

-0.0

-0.2

-0.2

..

x

x

27.5

26.3

19.1

6.7

5.5

4.3

..

-2.1

-8.4

16.3 3.4 e 1.1 e 0.5 e 1.3 e

16.7 3.9 e 0.9 e 0.7 e 1.1 e

10.0 5.0 e 0.5 0.5 0.3

4.7 2.0 e 1.2 0.3 0.1

3.5 1.7 e 1.2 0.2 0.1

3.1 1.6 e 0.8 0.3 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.9 2.3 -4.6 -0.3 -7.7

-6.7 -6.4 2.7 -3.0 -6.4

0.2

0.1

-

0.0

0.0

..

-

-

1.9 0.3 1.1

1.4 0.2 1.2

0.8 0.1 0.7

.. .. ..

-1.1 9.5 -1.9

-13.5 -17.8 -12.5

-

0.5

0.5

..

-

-

11.0 0.4 e 9.3 e

9.5 0.3 e 8.0 e

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

9.2 1.9 e 6.7 e -

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.111

Czech Republic 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

1978

1980

9.81 - e 7.85 1.10 0.05 0.60 0.04 6.05 1.95 -

11.77 - e 9.41 1.32 0.05 0.77 0.04 7.23 2.34 -

12.57 12.57 e -

12.17 12.17 e -

Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

1990

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

2000

2005

2006

2007

- e - e - e -

-

0.04 0.04 0.04 -

0.05 0.05 0.05 -

0.04 0.04 0.04 -

-

-

9.94 8.54 e 1.40 1.40 e - e -

4.97 4.56 0.04 0.04 0.00 -

4.33 4.34 -

4.33 4.33 -

4.10 4.11 -

-1.93 -3.17 -

-5.08 -4.21 -

56.12 45.05 41.16 3.90 0.44 1.35 6.40 0.99 2.56 0.45 0.25 2.15 2.24 -

52.47 44.22 40.36 3.86 0.54 1.49 4.60 0.88 2.80 0.24 0.23 0.45 1.46 -

53.48 43.97 40.03 3.94 0.62 1.51 4.51 0.84 2.81 0.27 0.21 0.38 2.24 -

54.20 46.96 43.72 3.24 0.48 1.49 3.34 0.79 1.68 0.30 0.24 0.33 1.34 -

0.06 2.09 0.91 -0.10 -6.90 -3.99 6.88 -5.67 8.49 -10.13 -4.40 -0.13 -

-2.40 -0.21 0.19 -3.85 -7.93 -3.43 -6.34 -2.47 1.82 -6.52 -6.89 -15.69 -13.93 -

81.32 79.82 81.89 37.97 40.18 48.65 37.97 40.18 42.32 6.33 1.96 2.00 1.94 6.35 6.14 2.69 16.58 14.95 10.17 0.54 0.49 1.20 2.49 2.24 1.24 0.36 0.32 0.95 2.95 2.66 0.82 10.24 9.24 5.97 17.36 15.63 17.09 Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries (1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.112 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Czech Republic 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

10.29 52.02 ..

11.54 52.49 ..

20.49 111.20 94.07

21.88 81.86 113.74

c 122.44 ..

c 152.18 ..

c 212.36 ..

c 209.64 ..

c 321.95 ..

.. .. 52.02 .. ..

.. .. 52.49 .. ..

24.44 52.62 111.20 .. 94.07

26.96 50.73 81.86 .. 114.82

c c 122.44 141.07 169.12

c c 152.18 180.93 227.47

c c 212.36 243.77 312.87

c c 209.64 248.34 304.65

c c 321.95 377.42 477.65

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Czech crowns / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

54 1020 ..

60 1020 ..

134 2718 2171

308 4307 5650

c 4284 ..

c 4964 ..

c 6531 ..

c 5792 ..

c 7487 ..

Steam coal .. .. Coking coal .. .. High sulphur fuel oil 1020 1020 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas .. .. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

235 877 2718 .. 2171

558 1820 4307 .. 5704

c c 4284 4936 5587

c c 4964 5902 7006

c c 6531 7497 9085

c c 5792 6861 7947

c c 7487 8777 10488

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

0.21 e .. .. 0.21 e

2.33 2.11 2.11 0.01 0.21

2.25 2.09 0.15

1.48 0.22 0.22 0.68 0.59

2.57 0.51 0.46 0.06 0.89 1.17

1.91 0.47 0.42 0.05 0.62 0.83

2.88 0.97 0.90 0.06 0.92 1.00

3.29 1.10 1.05 0.05 1.13 1.06

2.89 1.09 1.05 0.04 0.81 0.99

Total exports 3.65 e 12.02 10.38 8.26 6.72 6.60 7.75 Hard coal 5.41 4.22 3.42 3.18 2.99 4.17 Coking coal .. 4.87 4.22 3.42 3.18 2.99 4.16 Steam coal .. 0.54 0.00 0.01 0.01 Brown coal / lignite 3.96 4.50 3.81 2.47 2.59 2.46 Peat Coal products(1) 3.65 e 2.65 1.66 1.03 1.06 1.02 1.12 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

7.81 4.59 4.58 0.00 2.33 0.88

7.14 2.99 2.99 0.01 3.23 0.92

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.113

Czech Republic 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1) Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

274 e

1980 2302 e

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

-

217

529

535

1037

1109

1102

-

-

-

217 217 -

477 473 -

492 492 -

976 976 -

1064 1024 40 -

1063 19 1 903 124 8

-

-

-

-

4 -

-

-

-

8 -

-

-

52 1 1

43 7 1

61 11 1

45 1 14 1

39 3 2

-

-

50 -

32 3 -

3 46 -

3 26 -

29 5 -

274 e 274 e -

Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

2302 e 2302 e -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.114 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Czech Republic 10. COKING COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1) Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

5934 e

5200

4504

3427

3272

3210

4419

4781

3115

5934 600 59 69 5126 80 -

5200 591 25 2 114 4345 123 -

3427 1244 744 538 901 -

3271 1084 304 572 1311 -

3103 994 230 592 1287 -

4112 910 450 1367 1385 -

4633 850 463 1863 1457 -

3115 842 235 565 1473 -

e e e

e

e e

e e e

e

e

e e

4504 785 28 10 3681 -

e e

e

e

e

-

-

-

-

1 1

107 107

307 307

148 148

-

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.115

Czech Republic 11. STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1) Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

394 e

578

-

-

2

7

8

3

6

394 6 100 1 36 237 6 8 -

578 14 4 146 1 68 322 11 12 -

-

-

2 2 -

7 2 5 -

6 2 2 2 -

3 1 2 -

6 2 4 -

e

e

e e

e

e e e

e

e

e

e e

e

e e e

-

-

-

-

-

-

2 2 -

-

-

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.116 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Denmark* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 35

700

30

600

25

500

20

400

15

300 200

10

100

5

0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1977

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 80

60

70

50

60 40

50 40

30

30

20

20 10

10 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001 Other

2007

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.117

Denmark 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

TPES (Mtce) 27.13 27.34 Coal and peat 2.76 8.39 Oil 23.89 18.17 Gas 0.00 0.00 Comb. renew/waste 0.51 0.92 Nuclear Hydro 0.00 0.00 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide 0.00 Net electricity trade(1) -0.03 -0.15 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

24.77 8.70 10.90 2.60 1.63 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.87 0.00

26.55 5.69 11.38 6.35 2.49 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.08 0.00

28.69 7.82 10.56 6.48 3.88 0.00 0.02 0.77 -0.85 0.01

28.07 6.65 10.65 5.80 4.16 0.00 0.02 0.90 -0.12 0.01

27.39 5.95 10.37 5.82 4.18 0.00 0.02 0.87 0.18 0.01

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 -0.53 6.99 -4.51 65.00 7.11 0.91 -

0.74 -1.57 -0.13 4.84 5.68 11.11 15.42 1.25

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

90 101 124 160 176 0.30 0.27 0.20 0.17 0.16 Population (millions) 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.3 5.4 TPES/population(1) 5.40 5.33 4.82 4.97 5.28 TPES/GDP(2) 181.9 163.2 120.6 100.0 98.2 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 86.2 233.7 197.4 100.0 124.9 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 88.3 105.6 112.9 100.0 95.1 Elec. generation (TWh) 19 27 26 36 46 Industrial production(2) .. 56.6 74.5 100.0 106.9 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

179 0.16 5.5 5.14 94.6 104.4 92.9 39 105.9

177 0.16 5.5 5.01 93.5 94.7 .. 36 105.4

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 1.90 -2.39 0.14 -0.67 -2.39 5.00 1.46 1.82 -

2.19 -1.42 0.36 0.38 -1.42 -3.68 -1.14 2.44 2.09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE*

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries (1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.118 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Denmark 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

21.87 0.48 19.02 0.17 0.23 1.98 -

21.05 0.66 16.17 0.17 0.55 0.00 2.66 0.84

18.82 0.57 9.80 1.65 0.81 0.00 3.48 2.51

20.26 0.42 9.32 2.38 0.93 0.01 3.99 3.22

21.22 0.36 9.50 2.44 1.33 0.01 4.11 3.46

21.49 0.38 9.59 2.43 1.47 0.01 4.17 3.44

21.61 0.37 9.72 2.39 1.70 0.01 4.14 3.28

-0.88 0.99 -3.83 14.36 7.65 3.39 -

0.82 -2.46 -0.05 2.19 4.48 9.13 1.02 1.58

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

4.79 0.30 3.81 0.02 0.08 0.57 -

4.51 0.55 3.02 0.01 0.11 0.71 0.11

3.85 0.46 1.31 0.77 0.16 1.04 0.11

4.19 0.38 1.08 1.11 0.16 1.23 0.23

4.09 0.31 1.10 1.02 0.17 1.27 0.23

4.19 0.32 1.17 1.02 0.17 1.28 0.23

4.16 0.31 1.14 1.07 0.18 1.25 0.21

-1.28 2.49 -6.07 22.90 4.01 3.64 -

0.46 -2.31 -0.81 1.95 0.56 1.12 4.03

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

3.86 0.00 3.85 -

4.32 4.31 -

4.93 4.90 -

5.69 5.65 -

6.29 6.25 -

6.38 6.33 -

6.67 6.61 -

1.44 1.43 -

1.80 1.78 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.01 9.90 0.18 8.66 0.13

0.02 7.97 0.10 5.96 0.14

0.03 5.71 0.02 1.81 0.59

0.04 5.94 0.00 1.10 0.94

0.05 6.35 0.89 1.01

0.01 0.05 6.33 0.80 0.97

0.01 0.04 6.30 0.73 0.91

3.87 -3.18 -11.63 -8.79 9.12

3.33 0.58 -5.21 2.55

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.12 0.81 0.46 0.01

0.35 0.00 0.91 0.49 1.75 0.72 0.01

0.48 0.00 1.19 1.62 2.46 0.00 0.46 0.20

0.61 0.01 1.25 2.03 2.61 0.19 0.23

1.00 0.01 1.28 2.16 2.83 0.14 0.31

1.10 0.01 1.30 2.15 2.88 0.12 0.35

1.33 0.01 1.27 2.05 2.83 0.11 0.33

8.64 2.27 10.38 18.35

6.19 9.10 0.40 1.40 0.83 -8.30 2.91

Comb. renew/waste 0.02 0.02 0.04 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide 0.00 Electricity 0.43 0.75 1.03 Heat 0.24 0.72 Non-energy use 1.02 0.59 0.44 Coal and peat Oil 1.02 0.59 0.44 Gas Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.09 0.00 1.22 0.90 0.43 0.43 -

0.09 0.00 1.28 1.00 0.40 0.40 -

0.11 0.00 1.31 0.99 0.42 0.42 -

0.10 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.45 0.45 -

5.04 5.28 -4.86 -4.86 -

4.76 9.22 1.58 1.63 0.17 0.17 -

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.119

Denmark 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

2.7 -0.1 0.1

8.7 -0.1 -0.3

8.9 -0.0 -0.2

5.5 -0.1 0.3

7.4 -0.1 0.5

6.8 -0.2 -0.0

6.4 -0.1 -0.3

7.2 -1.0 x

-1.6 7.3 x

Primary supply

2.8

8.4

8.7

5.7

7.8

6.6

5.9

7.0

-1.6

Statistical difference

0.0

0.2

-0.0

-0.0

0.1

0.0

..

x

x

Total transformation

-2.3

-8.0

-8.1

-5.2

-7.6

-6.3

..

7.7

-1.5

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-2.3 -2.3 -

-8.0 -7.9 -0.1

-8.1 -8.1 -0.1

-5.2 -5.2 -0.0

-7.6 -7.6 -0.0

-6.3 -6.3 -0.0

.. .. ..

7.8 7.7 -

-1.5 -1.5 -16.9

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Own use

-

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

0.5

0.7

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.4

..

1.0

-2.5

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

0.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0

0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 -

0.3 0.0 0.2 -

0.3 0.0 0.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

2.5 -14.6 2.8 18.4

-2.3 11.9 0.4 -

Transport sector(6)

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.2 0.2

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.1 -

0.1 -

.. .. ..

-2.7 -11.6

-3.1 -

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

Other sectors

(4)

(5)

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.120 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Denmark 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

5.65 4.99 4.93 0.06 0.09 0.69 0.55 0.06 0.09 0.01 -

9.66 9.28 9.23 0.06 0.09 0.54 0.36 0.07 0.11 0.02 -

9.99 9.40 9.34 0.06 0.47 0.00 0.20 0.05 0.22 0.03 -

6.64 6.19 6.18 0.02 0.38 0.02 0.23 0.13 0.00 -

6.29 5.91 5.90 0.01 0.30 0.02 0.21 0.07 -

9.17 8.94 8.94 0.00 0.31 0.02 0.21 0.08 -

7.91 7.55 7.54 0.00 0.30 0.02 0.21 0.07 -

4.86 5.43 5.47 0.55 -3.18 -8.07 -1.35 7.85 5.95 -

-1.37 -1.29 -1.25 -16.40 -2.64 11.81 0.23 -6.31 -

-

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries (1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.121

Denmark 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. c

55.86 118.19 c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

76.39 x 69.50 .. 258.29

95.46 x 145.83 .. 538.28

119.94 x .. 108.11 c

.. x .. 162.96 c

.. x .. 205.62 c

.. x .. 280.27 c

.. x .. 315.42 c

.. x .. 353.68 c

.. x .. 453.28 c

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Danish crowns / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. c

262 918 c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

Steam coal 421 538 Coking coal x x High sulphur fuel oil 528 1133 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas 1830 3900 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

742 x .. 922 c

.. x .. 1817 c

.. x .. 1697 c

.. x .. 2317 c

.. x .. 2584 c

.. x .. 2654 c

.. x .. 3186 c

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

2.73 2.58 .. .. 0.14

8.70 8.54 0.01 8.54 0.16

8.93 8.88 8.88 0.05

5.51 5.46 5.46 0.05

6.45 6.41 6.41 0.04

5.09 5.05 5.05 0.04

7.42 7.38 7.38 0.04

6.83 6.79 6.79 0.03

6.37 6.33 6.33 0.04

Total exports 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.10 0.13 0.08 0.09 Hard coal 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.13 0.08 0.09 Coking coal .. Steam coal .. 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.13 0.08 0.09 Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1) 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.00 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

0.16 0.16 0.16 -

0.14 0.14 0.14 -

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.122 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Denmark 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

6110

9969

10255

6416

7592

6031

8688

8122

7570

-

7 2 1 1 1 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

6110 177 307 6 941 3078 145 2 8

9962 436 204 4 275 3422 592 1376 44

10255 1127 646 39 52 972 592 3223 8

6416 143 2311 3 177

7592 442 1092 1 188 329

6031 129 830 66 309

8688 290 3 529 29 274 129

8122 144 6 357 3 6 324

7570 10 159 11 344 409

868 528 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other 50 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

3118 395 96

57 2057 1482

812 1672 1295 3 -

275 1454 1845 1966 -

1254 1852 1531 60 -

1537 631 3062 2040 164 -

2475 288 2099 2252 168 -

1680 2243 2604 110 -

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.123

Denmark 11. STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

-

2

54

123

157

96

110

183

157

-

-

54 9 14 31 -

123 76 34 13 -

157 63 93 1 -

96 95 1 -

110 29 79 2 -

183 102 81 -

157 129 27 1 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.124 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Denmark 12. COAL IMPORT VALUES BY ORIGIN* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne) 1988

1990

1995

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Coking coal(1)

54.71

93.62

535.51

..

..

625.03

..

154.99

434.34

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former USSR(2)

.. .. .. 52.54 73.01 .. 96.23 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

37.65 46.02 38.53 50.27 56.29 61.84 59.15 Imports from: Australia 31.92 43.67 35.66 43.58 40.19 56.06 .. Canada 45.64 50.24 39.52 .. .. .. .. Czech Republic .. 72.83 .. .. .. .. .. Poland 36.81 45.29 36.22 40.12 52.46 52.10 51.93 United States 42.88 46.31 42.57 107.27 59.65 62.81 65.96 China 36.42 43.94 .. 74.65 52.10 .. .. Colombia 34.57 47.11 36.57 58.73 57.11 62.06 59.23 South Africa .. .. 39.01 42.83 57.29 67.27 59.65 Former USSR(2) 34.71 41.65 40.89 47.01 59.95 59.88 60.51 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs.

75.20

113.34

67.34 .. .. 89.54 .. .. 78.38 70.30 73.66

.. .. .. 153.20 138.51 .. 82.86 136.65 109.46

Steam coal(3)

(1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former USSR until 1991, Russia starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.125

Finland* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 400

60

350 50 300 40

250

30

200 150

20 100 10

50 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1977

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 100

80

90

70

80 60 70 60

50

50

40

40

30

30

20

20 10

10

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001

2007

Other

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.126 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Finland 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

TPES (Mtce) 30.05 35.14 Coal and peat 3.65 7.07 Oil 18.94 18.00 Gas 1.10 Comb. renew/waste 5.63 4.96 Nuclear 2.61 Hydro 1.29 1.26 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) 0.53 0.15 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

40.54 7.60 13.52 3.12 6.52 7.15 1.33 0.00 1.31 -

45.87 7.28 12.52 4.89 9.54 8.37 1.80 0.01 1.46 0.00

52.82 10.52 14.43 5.54 10.89 8.53 1.41 0.02 1.40 0.08

52.10 10.32 13.92 5.32 10.46 8.72 1.74 0.02 1.54 0.05

49.71 7.77 13.76 5.50 10.39 8.54 2.10 0.03 1.57 0.04

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 1.78 4.41 -1.97 0.86 0.19 5.45 -

1.49 1.82 0.17 3.19 2.82 1.17 1.58 25.07 0.98 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

61 74 100 122 145 0.49 0.47 0.40 0.38 0.36 Population (millions) 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.3 TPES/population(1) 6.44 7.35 8.13 8.86 10.03 TPES/GDP(2) 130.8 125.4 107.4 100.0 97.0 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 100.1 159.0 126.8 100.0 121.8 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 71.2 80.5 94.8 100.0 95.6 Elec. generation (TWh) 26 41 54 70 82 Industrial production(2) 35.8 45.8 60.7 100.0 120.0 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

151 0.34 5.3 9.85 91.5 114.2 91.8 81 125.4

152 0.33 5.3 9.41 86.8 85.5 .. 77 124.4

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 2.96 -1.15 0.39 1.38 -1.15 1.40 1.70 4.41 3.15

2.45 -0.94 0.35 1.14 -0.94 -0.61 -0.19 2.39 4.36

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

0.63

1.04

2.59

1.72

4.61

1.55

1.66

12.47

-2.95

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat 2.21 3.63 7.15 4.86 13.24 4.47 4.77 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

10.28

-2.73

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.127

Finland 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

27.41 1.51 16.08 0.01 5.63 3.31 0.86

27.63 1.58 14.29 0.62 4.93 4.57 1.64

31.77 2.23 13.13 1.41 5.03 0.00 7.24 2.74

34.14 1.64 10.75 1.43 7.06 0.00 9.29 3.97

36.14 1.43 11.87 1.24 6.51 0.00 9.94 5.14

38.24 1.48 12.11 1.40 6.35 0.00 10.54 6.36

38.21 1.34 12.09 1.54 6.45 0.00 10.58 6.21

0.87 2.32 -1.19 31.15 -0.66 4.71 7.02

1.09 -2.97 -0.48 0.55 1.47 2.90 2.25 4.94

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

9.31 1.34 5.63 0.01 2.22 0.11

8.55 1.44 3.57 0.57 2.80 0.17

12.89 2.20 1.63 1.31 3.50 4.00 0.25

16.00 1.60 1.32 1.27 5.51 5.26 1.04

16.41 1.39 1.97 1.03 4.86 5.31 1.85

18.05 1.43 2.06 1.16 4.67 5.77 2.97

17.51 1.29 1.76 1.12 4.79 5.75 2.81

1.93 2.96 -7.04 35.41 3.52 4.83

1.82 -3.07 0.45 -0.94 1.85 2.16 15.31

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

3.45 0.02 3.42 -

4.00 3.97 -

5.64 5.59 -

5.83 5.74 0.02

6.34 6.23 0.03

6.43 6.31 0.03

6.60 6.49 0.02

2.94 2.93 -

0.93 0.88 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.01 6.13 0.15 4.80 0.01

0.03 6.39 0.15 4.23 0.05

0.05 7.62 0.03 2.91 0.04

0.07 6.48 0.02 1.05 0.03

0.08 6.92 0.02 0.91 0.04

0.00 0.08 7.06 0.02 0.89 0.05

0.00 0.09 7.15 0.02 0.93 0.05

12.32 1.29 -8.67 -2.91 11.52

3.18 -0.37 -3.76 -6.50 1.47

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.62 0.55 0.43 -

0.99 0.96 0.68 -

1.30 0.00 1.79 1.54 1.28 -

1.34 0.00 2.23 1.82 2.22 0.00 0.47 0.04

1.39 0.00 2.53 2.04 2.47 0.00 0.42 0.04

1.41 0.00 2.60 2.10 2.59 0.00 0.47 0.04

1.39 0.00 2.64 2.12 2.59 0.00 0.46 0.04

6.48 6.28 6.58 -

0.39 2.90 2.30 1.91 4.24 -

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity 0.43 0.68 1.28 Heat Non-energy use 1.51 1.76 2.08 Coal and peat Oil 1.51 1.76 2.05 Gas 0.03 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.08 1.63 1.43 1.38 0.05

0.09 1.91 1.65 1.58 0.07

0.10 1.98 1.67 1.56 0.11

0.09 1.99 1.95 1.66 0.29

6.58 1.90 1.80 -

2.64 -0.38 -1.24 13.59

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.128 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Finland 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

0.1 3.5 -0.0 0.1

1.0 5.4 -0.0 0.6

2.6 6.3 -0.0 -1.3

1.7 5.1 -0.0 0.5

4.6 6.5 -0.0 -0.5

1.6 6.5 -0.0 2.3

1.7 5.5 -0.0 0.7

22.6 3.5 -17.1 x

-3.0 0.2 19.9 x

3.6

7.1

7.6

7.3

10.5

10.3

7.8

4.4

1.8

Statistical difference

-0.0

-0.2

-0.1

-0.0

0.1

-0.2

..

x

x

Total transformation

-2.1 e

-5.3 e

-5.3 e

-5.6 e

-9.1 e

-8.7 e

..

5.5

3.0

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-1.7 -1.7 -

-4.9 -4.5 -0.5

-4.7 -4.4 -0.3

-4.9 -4.5 -0.4

-8.5 -8.1 -0.5

-8.0 -7.6 -0.4

.. .. ..

6.1 5.7 -

3.2 3.2 2.2

-0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.4 e -0.4 e -

-0.4 e -0.4 e -

-0.5 e -0.5 e -0.0 -

-0.6 e -0.5 e -0.1 -

-0.6 e -0.5 e -0.1 -

-0.7 e -0.6 e -0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

2.2 2.0 -

1.7 0.6 14.6 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Own use

-

-

-

-

-

-0.0

..

-

-

-

-

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

1.5

1.6

2.2

1.6

1.5

1.3

..

2.3

-3.0

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

1.3 0.4 e 0.0 0.0

1.4 0.5 e 0.0 0.5 0.3

2.2 0.8 e 0.1 0.7 0.5

1.6 0.8 e 0.1 0.2 0.4

1.4 0.8 e 0.0 0.2 0.4

1.3 0.7 e 0.0 0.2 0.4

.. .. .. .. ..

3.0 4.3 17.2 20.2

-3.1 -0.6 -7.7 -7.9 -2.2

Transport sector(6)

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.2 0.2

0.1 0.1

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

.. .. ..

-8.7 -8.7

1.7 -3.8

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

Other sectors

(4)

(5)

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.129

Finland 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

5.31 4.57 4.52 0.05 0.67 0.09 0.01 0.41 0.15 0.08 -

5.69 4.82 4.73 0.10 0.79 0.08 0.01 0.51 0.18 0.08 -

4.94 3.88 3.77 0.11 1.04 0.08 0.08 0.76 0.09 0.02 0.01 -

3.91 3.50 3.46 0.05 0.34 0.07 0.17 0.09 0.01 0.00 -

3.20 2.91 2.90 0.02 0.28 0.09 0.17 0.02 0.00 -

6.54 6.33 6.32 0.02 0.20 0.18 0.02 0.00 0.00 -

5.66 5.49 5.48 0.01 0.18 0.16 0.02 0.00 -

-0.60 -1.34 -1.49 7.24 3.82 -0.61 16.10 5.22 -14.26 -16.20 -

0.80 2.05 2.22 -15.77 -9.76 -8.67 -8.98 -12.12 -

-

-

0.71 0.71 -

1.28 1.28 -

1.40 1.28 -

1.07 1.24 -

1.42 1.24 -

-

4.14 3.33 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries (1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.130 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Finland 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

51.74 71.34 78.45

77.80 148.30 158.02

72.35 130.84 96.13

44.40 133.67 88.04

76.99 160.09 113.21

82.82 232.79 128.66

85.36 267.72 173.47

96.21 300.68 187.08

164.25 420.74 264.51

51.74 .. 71.34 .. 78.45

77.80 .. 148.30 .. 158.02

72.35 .. 130.84 .. 96.13

89.47 99.78 .. 172.12 101.68

140.81 158.63 .. 214.08 132.46

146.63 196.65 .. 286.78 147.93

149.81 203.29 .. 322.25 192.94

166.59 225.89 .. 360.21 208.33

249.09 382.62 .. 492.16 289.53

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

31.11 67.61 69.70

42.38 127.32 127.18

40.48 115.38 79.47

41.92 198.90 122.82

53.93 176.74 117.18

58.01 257.00 133.16

59.20 292.63 177.76

61.12 301.03 175.58

97.76 394.68 232.62

Steam coal 31.11 42.38 Coking coal .. .. High sulphur fuel oil 67.61 127.32 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas 69.70 127.18 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

40.48 .. 115.38 .. 79.47

84.47 108.23 .. 256.12 141.85

98.63 127.66 .. 236.34 137.10

102.71 158.25 .. 316.60 153.11

103.90 161.98 .. 352.23 197.71

105.82 164.85 .. 360.63 195.53

148.26 261.63 .. 461.68 254.62

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

3.50 2.68 .. .. 0.82

5.41 4.20 4.20 1.21

6.27 5.49 0.64 4.85 0.77

5.08 4.58 1.26 3.32 0.50

7.90 7.39 1.36 6.02 0.51

4.80 4.29 1.40 2.89 0.50

6.47 5.95 1.07 4.88 0.52

6.51 5.93 1.42 4.52 0.57

5.45 4.92 1.08 3.84 0.53

Total exports 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 Hard coal Coking coal .. Steam coal .. Brown coal / lignite Peat 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 Coal products(1) 0.02 0.00 0.00 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

0.02 0.02 0.00

0.02 0.01 0.00

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.131

Finland 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

4789

4669

6101

5072

8286

4723

6684

6670

5544

-

-

711 203 45 -

1258 100 2 705 360 -

1364 336 239 308 410 -

1401 487 519 13 382 -

1073 249 434 2 324 -

1418 559 529 315 -

1077 292 393 392 -

-

-

463 -

91 -

71 -

-

64 -

2 13 -

-

4789 4089 3 -

4669 4 3535 4 533 4

5390 2609 253 41 -

3814 1313 51

6922 1317 12 20 82

3322 551 3 1

5611 530 9 467 48

5252 270 7 39 24

4467 88 141 47

697 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

589 -

100 334 1905 148 -

2448 2 -

5422 69 -

2736 31 -

323 274 379 3558 23 -

88 4811 13 -

68 129 191 3770 33 -

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.132 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Finland 12. COAL IMPORT VALUES BY ORIGIN* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne) 1988

1990

1995

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Coking coal(1)

..

..

60.49

66.29

95.47

131.60

138.48

152.40

326.47

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former USSR(2)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. 60.94 60.37 .. .. .. 59.06

65.58 69.89 .. 66.07 65.40 .. .. .. 66.06

85.75 89.94 .. 124.02 92.30 .. .. .. 54.76

148.54 153.33 .. 147.80 121.25 .. .. .. 57.46

139.46 149.22 .. .. 125.76 .. .. .. 124.04

150.14 164.99 .. .. 135.83 .. .. .. 129.54

392.82 350.70 .. .. 258.32 .. .. .. ..

.. 49.71 44.30 39.99 58.45 62.80 67.65 Imports from: Australia .. .. 46.59 46.85 .. .. .. Canada .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Czech Republic .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Poland .. .. 44.28 38.21 63.74 68.11 73.39 United States .. .. 53.46 42.11 .. .. 78.95 China .. .. .. 42.69 .. .. .. Colombia .. .. 52.73 45.46 .. .. 82.30 South Africa .. .. .. 39.99 .. .. 76.78 Former USSR(2) .. .. 40.34 39.83 57.32 61.59 62.84 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs.

72.64

134.21

.. .. .. 79.86 72.38 .. 77.53 .. 71.89

.. .. .. 164.75 136.19 .. 215.26 195.76 124.32

Steam coal(3)

(1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former USSR until 1991, Russia starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.133

France* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 120

450 400

100

350 80

300 250

60

200 150

40

100

20

50 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 60

60

50

50

40

40

30

30

20

20

10

10

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 700

600

600

500

500

1977

400

400 300 300 200

200

100

100

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001

2007

Other

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.134 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

France 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

TPES (Mtce) 257.34 273.96 320.68 Coal and peat 41.77 46.99 28.87 Oil 171.15 151.88 119.88 Gas 19.37 30.91 37.18 Comb. renew/waste 13.98 12.35 16.53 Nuclear 5.49 22.80 116.93 Hydro 5.86 8.54 6.61 Geothermal 0.00 0.02 0.16 Solar, wind, tide 0.07 0.07 0.10 Net electricity trade(1) -0.35 0.40 -5.58 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

361.74 21.49 117.19 51.08 17.42 154.56 8.25 0.18 0.10 -8.54 -

382.44 18.85 121.46 56.59 18.26 167.60 6.90 0.19 0.37 -7.78 -

376.74 19.05 118.94 54.96 19.11 163.71 7.15 0.19 0.61 -6.98 -

381.31 18.47 119.65 56.91 19.72 163.61 7.84 0.16 0.83 -5.90 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 1.30 -2.15 -2.07 3.91 0.99 19.71 0.71 28.87 2.11 17.60 -

0.95 -2.42 -0.05 2.33 0.86 2.00 0.46 0.96 11.41 1.32 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

703 861 1092 1328 1474 0.37 0.32 0.29 0.27 0.26 Population (millions) 53.3 55.1 58.2 60.8 63.2 TPES/population(1) 4.83 4.97 5.51 5.95 6.05 TPES/GDP(2) 134.3 116.8 107.8 100.0 95.3 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 366.9 337.2 163.4 100.0 79.1 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 72.9 83.8 95.5 100.0 99.9 Elec. generation (TWh) 183 257 417 536 569 Industrial production(2) 69.0 75.8 88.6 100.0 101.0 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

1506 0.25 63.6 5.93 91.9 78.2 97.6 564 102.5

1518 0.25 64.0 5.96 92.2 75.2 .. 570 100.2

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 2.62 -1.28 0.52 0.78 -1.28 -4.65 1.60 4.98 1.48

1.91 -0.94 0.52 0.43 -0.94 -4.24 0.13 1.79 0.86

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

4.80 14.14 1.17 -

4.23 13.78 1.10 -

1.80 8.55 1.43 -

3.37 0.17 -

0.40 -

0.34 -

0.25 -

-7.86 -4.11 1.68 -

-17.32 -

Mt: Coking coal 4.66 4.11 1.82 Steam coal 16.50 16.08 9.38 3.80 0.45 0.38 0.28 Brown coal 2.73 2.56 2.33 0.30 Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

-7.54 -4.60 -1.30 -

-17.19 -

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.135

France 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

203.17 18.67 137.19 15.95 12.73 0.00 18.26 0.37

201.84 12.23 124.80 27.59 11.16 0.02 0.01 25.69 0.34

204.76 10.74 107.20 34.17 14.64 0.16 0.03 37.13 0.68

234.53 6.11 115.63 45.91 14.77 0.18 0.02 47.29 4.62

242.67 5.52 114.81 49.35 14.90 0.19 0.03 51.92 5.95

240.32 5.57 113.65 47.70 15.22 0.19 0.04 52.43 5.53

235.67 5.16 110.86 45.71 15.90 0.19 0.05 52.32 5.49

0.05 -3.20 -1.44 4.58 0.82 28.87 4.26 3.69

0.83 -4.22 0.20 1.73 0.49 0.96 3.60 2.04 13.05

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

59.55 10.24 31.22 6.10 1.67 10.32 -

58.87 7.66 27.53 10.35 1.61 11.72 -

47.08 8.37 9.36 13.12 2.14 14.09 -

49.47 5.20 7.86 17.64 2.23 16.54 -

47.32 4.92 9.01 13.88 2.36 17.14 -

46.03 4.99 8.91 13.24 2.40 16.50 -

44.73 4.59 8.62 12.77 2.45 16.29 -

-1.37 -1.18 -6.84 4.62 1.44 1.85 -

-0.30 -3.47 -0.48 -0.16 0.81 0.86 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

35.29 0.09 34.39 0.02

43.30 0.03 42.42 0.01

54.94 53.85 0.00

65.03 63.12 0.00

64.29 62.15 0.07

64.51 61.81 0.09

65.13 61.41 0.09

2.64 2.67 -23.40

1.01 0.78 42.51

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.79 30.57 8.34 2.61 5.00

0.85 32.28 4.54 2.99 7.75

1.09 52.08 2.37 e 15.84 9.41

0.48 1.44 60.58 0.90 14.11 18.08 e

0.57 1.50 64.51 0.52 14.29 20.64

1.09 1.52 63.77 0.51 13.32 20.87

2.09 1.53 59.25 0.50 11.83 18.48

1.95 3.18 -7.12 11.19 3.79

2.01 0.76 -8.80 -1.70 4.05

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

10.92 0.00 3.71 52.32 46.32 2.70

9.41 0.01 0.01 7.56 43.15 31.67 6.13

12.38 0.15 0.03 11.91 25.91 7.38 8.72

11.47 0.17 0.02 15.81 26.41 6.66 6.45 e

11.14 0.13 0.03 17.76 30.67 7.04 7.97

10.83 0.13 0.04 18.07 30.18 6.52 7.06

10.36 0.13 0.05 17.91 30.18 5.77 7.39

0.74 28.81 7.11 -4.05 -10.24 7.14

-1.04 -0.92 2.95 2.43 0.90 -1.44 -0.97

0.53 12.78 22.96 19.65 3.32

0.77 0.04 14.84 20.58 18.01 2.57

0.83 0.04 0.00 15.72 21.22 18.90 2.32

0.94 0.04 0.01 16.03 21.92 19.33 2.60

6.58 -0.64 -0.92 1.43

16.65 2.97 0.93 1.12 -0.28

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

Comb. renew/waste 0.07 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity 3.30 5.36 9.75 Heat Non-energy use 20.86 19.16 18.72 Coal and peat Oil 18.72 15.99 16.00 Gas 2.14 3.17 2.72 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.136 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

France 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

25.8 15.4 -1.9 2.4

19.1 30.1 -1.2 -1.0

11.8 19.5 -0.9 -1.5

3.5 19.3 -0.8 -0.6

0.4 20.6 -0.8 -1.3

0.3 18.6 -1.0 1.1

0.2 21.4 -1.1 -2.1

-4.5 1.4 -4.1 x

-18.9 -0.3 0.3 x

Primary supply

41.8

47.0

28.9

21.5

18.9

19.1

18.5

-2.1

-2.4

Statistical difference

2.0

-0.0

-0.3

0.4

0.3

0.3

..

x

x

Total transformation

-22.1 e

-31.9 e

-16.8 e

-15.0 e

-12.9 e

-13.5 e

..

-1.6

-1.3

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-14.8 -14.8 -

-24.4 -16.9 -7.5

-12.0 -6.9 -5.1

-10.9 -9.4 -1.4

-8.9 -7.2 -1.8

-9.6 -7.8 -1.9

.. .. ..

-1.2 -4.4 -

-1.3 0.7 -5.7

-0.2

-0.1

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-7.1 e -6.3 e -1.3 0.4

-7.4 e -6.3 e -1.5 0.3

-4.7 e -3.8 e -1.1 0.2

-4.1 e -3.6 e -0.5 0.0

-4.0 e -3.4 e -0.6 0.0

-3.8 e -3.3 e -0.5 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.3 -2.8 -0.8 -3.9

-1.2 -0.8 -4.6 -18.6

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3) Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-2.5

-2.7

-0.9

-0.8

-0.7

-0.7

..

-6.1

-1.4

-0.5

-0.2

-0.2

-0.1

-

-

..

x

x

18.7

12.2

10.7

6.1

5.6

5.2

..

-3.2

-4.2

8.4 4.8 e 1.0 e 1.0 e 0.4 e

5.2 2.8 e c 0.2 e 0.1 e

5.0 3.2 e 0.5 0.3 0.1

4.6 2.8 e 0.5 0.5 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.2 -1.5 -0.9 4.3 5.6

-3.5 -3.1 -3.5 -4.4 -9.7

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.9 0.9

0.6 0.5

0.6 0.5

.. .. ..

-7.1 -7.1

-8.1 -8.8

-

-

-

..

-

-

10.2 6.2 1.2 0.5 0.2

7.7 4.6 e 0.8 0.6 0.1

0.1

0.0

-

8.3 8.3

4.5 4.5

2.4 2.4 e

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.137

France 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes) 1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

31.60 22.16 16.75 5.41 2.09 2.91 1.47 0.38 0.15 0.04 0.87 3.09 -

33.51 24.49 18.58 5.91 1.72 3.35 1.10 0.53 0.62 0.07 1.03 2.67 -

19.12 11.03 7.00 4.03 0.38 1.09 4.68 1.63 0.81 0.99 0.49 0.76 1.65 -

15.26 10.42 9.49 0.94 0.11 2.03 2.46 0.43 0.20 0.16 1.67 0.70 -

14.92 10.31 9.35 0.97 0.03 2.37 2.39 0.56 0.62 0.27 0.19 0.76 0.48 -

13.09 8.62 7.72 0.89 0.02 2.54 2.35 0.68 0.39 0.31 0.15 0.83 0.48 -

14.87 9.31 8.34 0.97 0.01 2.45 2.23 0.51 0.46 0.45 0.09 0.71 0.48 -

-4.10 -5.65 -7.01 -2.43 -13.19 4.04 0.88 6.50 17.02 22.74 -1.14 -5.10 -

-1.47 -0.99 1.04 -8.06 -18.43 4.92 -4.27 -6.58 -3.22 -4.54 -9.56 -0.34 -7.00 -

12.98 12.98 -

14.57 14.57 -

9.67 9.52 -

6.54 6.54 -

6.22 5.85 -

5.98 5.88 -

5.32 5.95 -

-2.42 -2.55 -

-3.46 -2.72 -

2.62 2.57 2.09 2.34 2.36 1.84 1.17 0.98 0.59 1.17 1.38 1.25 0.20 0.16 0.23 0.01 0.01 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.15 0.14 0.07 0.05 0.08 Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

0.36 0.27 0.27 0.05 0.05 0.04 -

0.04 0.04 0.04 -

0.04 0.04 0.04 -

0.05 0.05 0.05 -

-1.85 -1.97 -5.51 0.55 1.17 20.31 -2.59 0.80 -

-19.63 -8.48 -5.69 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.138 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

France 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

56.31 .. ..

57.35 .. ..

41.98 .. ..

71.64 .. ..

84.41 .. ..

82.15 .. ..

94.53 .. ..

153.44 .. ..

61.82 51.84 66.80 .. 76.57

107.40 58.46 131.05 .. 137.04

128.20 62.62 97.93 .. 128.49

105.48 45.43 128.55 140.36 138.50

.. 72.00 155.40 166.92 203.92

.. 106.19 217.27 232.51 256.81

.. 127.95 257.57 267.44 320.57

.. 119.55 292.82 302.85 322.09

.. 207.93 398.94 421.73 472.33

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

32.17 .. ..

42.23 .. ..

40.41 .. ..

51.16 .. ..

60.28 .. ..

58.09 .. ..

61.22 .. ..

93.11 .. ..

Steam coal 37.73 61.36 Coking coal 37.12 39.18 High sulphur fuel oil 64.01 117.55 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas 67.73 113.47 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

94.40 54.09 113.21 .. 137.11

101.53 51.29 194.27 212.12 193.21

.. 60.32 174.25 187.16 211.06

.. 88.96 243.61 260.70 265.79

.. 106.13 285.93 296.89 328.49

.. 90.82 297.74 307.93 302.30

.. 148.02 380.07 401.79 415.38

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

15.42 11.67 .. .. 3.75

30.11 27.00 10.75 16.25 0.00 3.11

19.50 18.22 8.17 10.05 0.04 1.24

19.34 17.84 6.81 11.03 0.03 1.47

19.64 18.31 7.07 11.23 0.02 1.31

20.18 18.57 6.51 12.06 0.02 1.59

20.56 19.01 6.24 12.77 0.02 1.53

18.58 17.41 5.58 11.82 0.03 1.14

21.41 19.99 7.53 12.46 0.04 1.37

Total exports 1.86 1.22 0.92 0.77 0.90 0.88 0.80 Hard coal 0.82 0.37 0.53 0.08 0.09 0.27 0.13 Coking coal .. 0.05 0.03 0.02 Steam coal .. 0.37 0.53 0.08 0.04 0.23 0.11 Brown coal / lignite 0.01 0.00 Peat Coal products(1) 1.03 0.84 0.39 0.69 0.81 0.61 0.67 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

0.96 0.20 0.05 0.15 0.76

1.12 0.17 0.02 0.15 0.95

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.139

France 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

23441

29410

19389

18980

19460

19851

20391

18693

21285

8316 987 4364 1311 1 1462 -

10456 1093 18 4225 816 18 3742 -

7848 2071 637 817 254 4019 50

6543 2818 577 182 2667 1

6798 4047 365 340 1992 15

6255 3800 421 263 3 1627 80

5995 3896 371 1 1670 26

5364 3247 468 1546 25

7239 4985 378 1461 19

191 -

544 -

-

130 154 14 -

13 24 2

61 -

29 2

78 -

38 198 55 105

15125 785 2217 3441 891 36 98

18954 557 1185 2634 1442 3600 10

11541 1480 50 718 141 311 2586 222

12437 1022 98 881 61 425 1125

12662 1968 55 493 55 218 492

13596 1509 70 55 1451 35 301 1149

14396 1829 103 68 927 33 330 1224

13329 2011 115 47 375 67 313 1872

14046 1334 166 56 106 2611 2186

6643 853 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other 161 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

83 8596 780 67

1776 2033 863 777 560 24

524 1043 6 5694 383 935 140 100

274 2852 610 3932 740 74 450 231 218

15 2455 245 4225 905 542 100 539

17 2221 584 4239 1124 35 460 153 1049

263 1800 36 3971 1031 477 157 794

129 1956 2 3317 1628 10 435 66 44

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.140 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

France 11. STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

449

430

585

89

49

262

123

165

164

443 51 264 8 17 53 8 42 -

380 10 40 300 20 10 -

573 8 15 343 36 56 2 95 1 10 6 1 -

88 5 75 1 7 -

49 49 -

262 16 1 245 -

118 33 1 84 -

164 60 4 1 99 -

164 70 8 86 -

1 1

-

11 11 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-Specified/Other 5 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

50

1

1

-

-

5

1

-

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.141

France 12. COAL IMPORT VALUES BY ORIGIN* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne) 1988

1990

1995

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Coking coal(1)

54.95

65.14

61.82

62.05

75.46

109.69

133.48

124.63

212.51

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former USSR(2)

53.97 57.16 .. 58.89 55.33 .. .. 48.51 ..

65.23 64.81 .. 65.24 64.95 64.53 .. 66.18 ..

60.65 62.14 .. 67.65 62.68 52.07 .. 53.98 ..

59.70 59.71 .. 56.25 67.73 .. .. 52.36 ..

68.13 76.85 .. 76.89 86.10 .. .. 33.73 135.05

115.61 117.56 .. .. 107.04 .. .. .. ..

136.73 140.74 .. .. 121.01 .. .. .. ..

125.44 134.95 .. .. 116.61 .. .. .. 118.36

230.00 186.97 .. .. 169.04 258.16 .. .. 205.53

43.58 50.42 49.29 42.63 64.08 75.23 72.92 Imports from: Australia 41.19 47.89 50.95 43.11 55.37 79.28 80.63 Canada 50.25 62.44 42.97 .. .. 121.47 57.30 Czech Republic .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Poland 48.40 46.61 34.06 31.86 76.61 83.83 157.73 United States 47.80 48.77 50.21 34.07 46.61 75.04 80.70 China 40.46 48.79 36.52 .. .. .. .. Colombia 39.19 49.99 46.98 45.37 65.24 77.69 81.95 South Africa .. .. 45.55 38.27 55.00 70.02 68.11 Former USSR(2) 41.72 44.72 47.86 41.68 75.88 71.20 68.26 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs.

84.49

135.53

72.97 146.11 .. 163.83 92.02 .. 84.63 76.34 77.92

118.16 121.26 .. .. 125.30 230.24 126.77 139.33 142.92

Steam coal(3)

(1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former USSR until 1991, Russia starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.142 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Germany* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 600

120

500

100

400

80

300

60

200

40 20

100

0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 250

250

200

200

150

150

100

100

50

50

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 700

1200

600

1000

500

1977

800

400 600 300 400

200

200

100

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001 Other

2007

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.143

Germany 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

TPES (Mtce) 478.14 510.25 502.01 Coal and peat 199.10 201.47 183.63 Oil 226.71 205.52 173.78 Gas 40.96 73.12 78.56 Comb. renew/waste 3.57 6.22 6.85 Nuclear 4.51 20.71 56.91 Hydro 1.87 2.34 2.14 Geothermal 0.01 Solar, wind, tide 0.02 Net electricity trade(1) 1.42 0.88 0.11 Heat(2) -0.00 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

481.84 121.18 179.14 102.62 11.23 63.14 2.67 0.18 1.31 0.38 -0.00

487.48 117.52 166.52 113.53 22.56 62.27 2.45 0.26 4.45 -2.09 -0.01

473.22 123.77 149.14 109.46 31.99 52.32 2.57 0.30 5.71 -2.03 -0.01

478.34 117.26 158.00 109.92 31.45 55.28 2.57 0.36 5.96 -2.46 -0.01

0.29 -0.47 -1.55 3.91 3.90 16.09 0.79 -13.78 -

2007

2008e

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

2065 0.23 82.3 5.75 90.4 94.0 100.4 630 120.9

2092 0.23 82.3 5.81 90.2 87.9 .. 627 121.2

1973

1980

-0.35 -2.29 -0.90 1.97 9.49 -0.49 1.08 22.24 37.72 1.14

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

1039 1226 1543 1900 2016 0.46 0.42 0.33 0.25 0.24 Population (millions) 79.0 78.3 79.4 82.2 82.4 TPES/population(1) 6.06 6.52 6.33 5.86 5.92 TPES/GDP(2) 181.5 164.1 128.3 100.0 95.4 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 300.5 257.7 186.6 100.0 91.4 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 118.4 125.6 115.9 100.0 102.5 Elec. generation (TWh) 374 466 548 572 629 Industrial production(2) 70.1 75.6 91.3 100.0 113.1 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2.36 -2.02 0.03 0.26 -2.02 -2.77 -0.13 2.26 1.57

1.73 -2.04 0.21 -0.56 -2.04 -3.95 -0.84 0.82 1.67

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

51.64 34.97 106.08 -

55.43 35.43 113.63 -

44.06 27.23 102.55 0.12

18.66 15.86 52.05 0.04

12.98 9.02 54.22 0.03

13.61 8.84 55.54 -

10.44 7.34 53.97 -

-1.32 -2.06 -0.28 -

-6.68 -6.40 -3.54 -

Mt: Coking coal 52.24 56.04 44.58 18.86 13.11 13.75 10.55 Steam coal 37.95 38.46 31.98 18.51 10.65 10.43 8.59 Brown coal 377.89 389.73 357.47 167.69 176.32 180.41 175.31 Peat 0.43 0.15 0.10 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

-1.31 -1.42 -0.46 -

-6.68 -6.38 -3.94 -

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.144 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Germany 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

345.30 75.92 190.42 30.18 2.50 38.44 7.84

355.23 66.96 175.26 51.16 2.72 48.14 10.99

344.27 53.23 159.16 58.62 4.25 0.01 0.02 55.91 13.07

331.53 12.77 163.81 78.74 6.72 0.18 0.16 59.40 9.76

346.68 12.16 148.55 84.70 11.11 0.18 0.35 64.00 25.62

351.78 12.42 149.72 85.48 13.50 0.22 0.40 64.60 25.43

333.07 11.35 132.60 84.10 14.86 0.26 0.45 64.79 24.67

-0.02 -2.07 -1.05 3.98 3.17 2.23 3.05

-0.19 -8.69 -1.07 2.15 7.65 21.23 21.74 0.87 3.81

126.06 37.81 46.15 17.87 0.04 21.91 2.27

112.62 35.06 25.59 24.59 0.04 24.52 2.82

94.52 28.34 10.10 24.91 1.13 26.60 3.44

73.33 10.54 7.35 27.52 0.65 26.00 1.29

82.15 10.58 5.40 24.64 2.04 28.42 11.08

81.90 10.64 5.55 24.65 1.98 28.18 10.90

83.32 9.65 4.97 26.10 2.06 29.82 10.72

-1.68 -1.68 -8.55 1.97 21.74 1.15 2.47

-0.74 -6.14 -4.08 0.27 3.58 0.68 6.91

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

51.61 2.46 47.94 -

63.14 0.36 61.23 0.09

78.08 0.02 76.38 -

85.81 0.01 83.52 -

79.29 74.52 -

80.47 73.52 -

78.78 71.08 -

2.47 -24.22 2.78 -

0.05 -0.42 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

1.21 86.85 20.44 48.19 1.59

1.47 78.39 17.27 35.76 1.79

1.68 89.96 13.89 25.84 20.63

0.32 1.95 93.14 1.31 27.83 33.48 e

2.78 1.99 90.91 0.67 24.62 41.46

4.95 2.00 92.54 0.86 25.98 41.15

5.71 2.00 81.85 0.78 15.84 40.22

1.94 0.21 -2.25 -3.60 16.26

1.04 -0.55 -15.56 -2.84 4.01

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

1.41 9.65 5.57 39.17 9.31 22.98 0.90

1.28 14.13 8.17 40.70 9.73 21.38 1.03

3.11 0.01 0.01 e 16.84 9.63 40.51 8.11 15.04 7.45

5.75 0.18 0.08 16.03 8.47 33.25 0.44 10.02 8.29

6.29 0.18 0.33 17.36 35.49 0.56 9.25 10.44

6.57 0.22 0.39 17.38 36.74 0.51 9.77 10.44

7.10 0.26 0.43 17.21 31.11 0.35 6.50 9.52

4.77 3.33 3.27 0.20 -0.81 -2.46 13.21

4.96 21.23 24.58 0.13 -1.54 -16.85 -4.81 1.45

0.02 15.22 35.71 0.32 32.33 3.07

0.02 16.01 35.95 0.38 32.50 3.07

0.02 14.72 35.34 0.53 31.83 2.98

4.20 1.70 -5.62 2.00 6.32

2.35 0.44 -4.71 0.68 -0.46

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

Comb. renew/waste 1.05 1.41 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity 4.92 7.15 9.91 Heat Non-energy use 24.61 32.80 32.78 Coal and peat 3.21 2.22 1.20 Oil 20.27 26.76 28.36 Gas 1.14 3.82 3.22 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

14.49 35.81 0.39 32.35 3.07

e e e

e

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.145

Germany 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

202.0 21.8 -26.1 1.5

204.5 20.6 -22.5 -1.1

174.0 16.4 -11.7 4.9

86.6 31.7 -0.8 3.6

76.2 42.5 -1.0 -0.3

78.0 46.9 -1.1 0.0

71.8 46.4 -1.5 0.6

-0.9 -1.6 -4.6 x

-4.6 6.4 -12.8 x

Primary supply

199.1

201.5

183.6

121.2

117.5

123.8

117.3

-0.5

-2.3

Statistical difference

0.4

0.2

0.6

0.4

2.5

-0.5

..

x

x

Total transformation

-115.6 e

-129.1 e

-127.3 e

-106.6 e

-105.6 e

-110.1 e

..

0.6

-0.9

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-104.1 -99.8 -4.3

-115.8 -94.1 -21.6

-115.4 e -98.5 e -16.9 e

-98.8 e -91.5 e -7.3

-99.4 -92.9 -6.5

-102.9 -95.1 -7.7

.. .. ..

0.6 -0.1 8.4

-0.7 -0.2 -4.5

-3.5

-2.1

-1.5

-

-

-

..

-5.0

-

-11.2 e 1.2 -10.1 e -2.5 0.2

-10.5 e -1.4 -8.0 e -1.2 0.2

-7.8 e -0.2 -7.9 e 0.2 0.0

-6.2 e -0.1 -6.1 e 0.0 0.0

-7.2 e -0.1 -6.9 e -0.2 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

1.6 -0.8 1.5 -3.6

-2.2 -13.6 -0.8 -11.1 -17.6

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-8.0 e 1.9 -9.2 e -0.9 0.3 -

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-6.6

-4.9

-3.4

-1.7

-1.4

-1.4

..

-3.9

-4.9

-1.3

-0.7

-0.3

-0.5

-0.6

-0.4

..

x

x

75.9

67.0

53.2

12.8

12.4

11.3

..

-2.1

-8.7

37.8 13.3 e 9.2 1.6 1.2

35.1 10.4 e 8.3 2.9 1.3

28.3 7.8 e 6.3 3.3 1.3

10.5 5.6 e 0.6 2.8 0.5

10.6 6.4 e 1.0 1.9 0.6

9.6 6.3 e 0.2 1.9 0.5

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.7 -3.1 -2.2 4.5 0.3

-6.1 -1.2 -17.8 -3.1 -5.3

2.5

0.4

0.0

0.0

-

-

..

-24.2

-

32.4 9.3 20.4

29.3 9.7 17.3

23.7 8.1 13.9

1.8 0.4 1.3

1.4 0.5 0.9

1.2 0.4 0.8

.. .. ..

-1.8 -0.8 -2.2

-16.2 -16.9 -15.6

Non-energy use 3.2 2.2 1.2 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.4

0.4

0.5

..

-5.6

-4.7

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.146 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Germany 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

45.08 34.59 21.05 13.55 1.46 5.15 0.25 1.88 0.48 0.28 2.26 2.00 -

46.09 34.40 21.47 12.93 1.43 6.56 0.13 2.38 0.95 0.34 2.75 2.15 -

44.75 33.78 26.06 7.73 0.78 1.73 6.53 2.57 1.64 0.56 1.76 0.71 0.01

44.50 38.77 35.67 3.10 0.15 2.53 2.44 0.21 0.27 1.35 0.43 0.19 0.29 -

41.76 35.38 32.74 2.65 0.09 2.77 3.34 1.41 0.70 0.34 0.47 0.43 0.57 0.06

43.85 38.63 35.77 2.86 0.09 2.98 3.33 1.61 0.68 0.33 0.51 0.21 0.49 0.05

47.10 39.78 36.12 3.66 0.09 3.12 2.45 1.26 0.02 0.50 0.48 0.18 0.56 0.06

-0.06 -0.20 1.79 -4.57 -5.14 2.00 2.66 10.75 5.92 -2.05 -8.24 -

0.30 0.97 1.94 -4.30 -12.02 3.52 -5.61 -24.64 -6.69 -0.91 -12.64 -1.37 12.01

41.88 6.58 5.70 0.88 34.30 1.01 -

50.29 10.68 9.49 1.19 38.74 0.87 -

42.22 18.12 14.24 3.88 24.09 -

24.46 13.04 10.17 2.87 11.42 -

22.19 12.02 10.73 1.28 10.18 -

21.69 11.32 9.95 1.38 10.37 -

23.00 12.56 11.40 1.16 10.44 -

0.07 8.81 7.93 13.17 -2.90 -

-3.51 -2.13 -1.30 -6.85 -4.80 -

383.17 391.75 364.05 224.46 227.69 227.90 210.89 211.91 209.11 13.57 15.78 18.79 130.03 134.86 104.92 0.02 0.17 0.14 20.55 21.77 20.36 0.24 0.36 0.76 10.63 11.28 7.55 0.13 0.15 0.49 0.88 0.88 0.60 8.66 9.10 10.96 2.36 4.25 7.87 Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

169.94 157.39 155.39 2.00 11.36 0.45 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.05 0.02

177.89 165.28 163.32 1.95 11.31 0.37 0.18 0.01 0.03 0.15 0.02 0.04

176.38 162.94 161.12 1.83 11.97 0.56 0.15 0.01 0.40 0.04

180.49 167.36 165.37 1.99 11.55 0.56 0.01 0.07 0.48 0.04

-0.43 0.13 -0.07 2.75 -1.77 18.25 -0.08 10.07 -2.81 11.48 -3.20 1.98 10.58 -

-4.04 -1.80 -1.37 -12.36 -12.17 -19.04 -22.48 -24.07 -16.79 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.147

Germany 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

83.97 74.14 60.70

100.08 141.13 98.58

141.95 104.43 122.96

42.94 119.49 119.34

70.87 144.45 ..

80.73 205.66 ..

78.92 252.91 ..

91.38 266.07 ..

154.47 408.65 ..

98.52 62.91 74.07 .. 83.25

120.31 71.78 133.23 .. 122.13

185.76 63.02 102.27 .. 145.88

.. c .. 123.70 146.16

.. c .. 155.10 ..

.. c .. 216.35 ..

.. c .. 265.21 ..

.. c .. 281.38 ..

.. c .. 422.75 ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

85.18 106.60 80.15

91.83 183.55 117.75

115.81 120.76 130.58

46.02 181.50 166.48

56.35 162.80 ..

64.19 231.78 ..

62.13 282.20 ..

65.89 271.93 ..

104.36 391.33 ..

Steam coal 101.18 111.77 Coking coal 64.15 66.21 High sulphur fuel oil 106.50 173.28 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas 109.93 145.87 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

153.44 51.68 118.26 .. 154.92

.. c .. 187.90 203.90

.. c .. 174.80 ..

.. c .. 243.83 ..

.. c .. 295.93 ..

.. c .. 287.58 ..

.. c .. 404.83 ..

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

21.76 14.76 .. .. 1.74 5.27

20.63 15.09 2.99 12.10 0.62 4.92

16.43 12.43 1.69 10.75 1.06 2.94

31.74 24.84 4.56 20.28 0.91 5.99

40.39 36.00 7.09 28.91 0.00 4.39

37.64 33.86 7.36 26.50 0.00 3.78

42.54 38.81 8.98 29.83 0.02 3.71

46.91 42.23 9.53 32.71 0.01 4.67

46.44 42.10 9.16 32.94 0.01 4.34

Total exports 26.14 22.53 11.65 0.80 0.82 0.91 1.00 Hard coal 13.58 12.25 5.59 0.29 0.19 0.26 0.20 Coking coal .. 8.52 3.96 0.00 Steam coal .. 3.73 1.63 0.28 0.19 0.26 0.20 Brown coal / lignite 0.01 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Peat 0.12 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 Coal products(1) 12.56 10.28 5.89 0.47 0.59 0.61 0.76 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

1.15 0.32 0.32 0.00 0.83

1.54 0.53 0.53 0.01 1.00

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.148 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Germany 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

12865

16155

13580

27948

39536

37105

42132

46287

46123

2435 48 553 89

3019 48 1050 158

1706 58 25 28 116 48 2

4608 3414 865 50 257 19

6875 3232 611 25 534 -

7152 3403 1485 832 1135 -

8692 3985 1666 2 962 1640 10

9627 4778 1663 1036 1802 -

9255 3804 1583 753 2400 -

20 1725

56 1707

177 1252

2 1 -

1881 184 147 87 174

132 90 49 26

176 64 103 84

114 150 70 14

182 488 37 8

10430 763 428 152 2041 554 399 637

13136 578 449 146 1918 1354 1218 822

11874 1094 45 248 2583 284 689 637

23340 301 1061 6744 37 432 1236

32661 764 305 7482 4 432 139

29953 768 172 12 7924 132 64

33440 763 13 8224 418 74

36660 848 97 10 5638 1463 -

36868 639 46 14 5091 2973 -

21 1108 96 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other 4231 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

209 1492 143 4807

8 128 38 4512 157 1451

67 2719 149 4577 937 341 114 4625

3534 9157 5744 5100

2937 8215 7497 2232

4008 8506 8609 2825

5809 7539 8907 6349

4485 8328 9120 6172

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.149

Germany 10. COKING COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

13354

8617

4002

3

-

-

-

-

-

12335 213 1897 5020 2480 375 286 975 447 234 18 89 198 103

8287 73 786 4198 2527 1 682 20 -

3902 717 1443 859 465 415 3 -

3 1 1 1 -

-

-

-

-

-

1019 15 520 5 479

330 115 166 49

100 100 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.150 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Germany 11. STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

5737

4049

1510

276

184

255

199

310

519

5381 15 2123 944 1574 7 32 14 467 18 6 38 60 32 51 -

3662 17 1380 257 1056 17 74 638 30 1 118 74 -

1186 6 678 3 81 5 28 1 48 45 1 42 5 38 205 -

275 98 82 75 1 6 3 3 1 5 1 -

170 32 62 2 66 1 4 3 -

246 9 78 2 1 74 3 75 2 1 1 -

191 22 71 87 2 1 2 6 -

301 55 72 4 111 1 45 1 5 2 5 -

509 12 110 2 4 328 1 1 2 15 20 1 8 2 3 -

53 53

90 12 4 1 73

324 5 3 316

-

10 1 9

7 5 1 1

1 1 -

8 3 2 3

5 3 2

Non-Specified/Other 303 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

297

-

1

4

2

7

1

5

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.151

Germany 12. COAL IMPORT VALUES BY ORIGIN* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne) 1988

1990

1995

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Coking coal(1)

53.79

63.76

67.24

64.00

74.74

113.48

135.72

133.45

182.72

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former USSR(2)

54.60 49.91 .. 52.76 61.21 .. .. .. 51.84

55.97 60.33 66.67 66.68 60.93 .. 96.62 .. 65.10

67.69 62.38 78.37 57.59 73.55 .. .. .. ..

61.65 59.49 .. 51.57 51.76 .. .. .. 40.01

69.21 72.40 .. 131.53 80.27 .. .. .. 76.11

104.77 110.62 .. 157.75 120.72 538.07 .. .. 89.56

140.44 153.08 .. 117.59 126.39 .. .. .. 85.79

132.39 137.52 .. 147.19 131.66 .. .. .. 81.15

217.74 180.05 .. 430.07 151.09 172.05 .. .. 136.07

48.43 57.87 53.53 39.00 61.22 72.48 70.12 Imports from: Australia 44.72 62.06 51.00 37.33 62.45 .. 105.93 Canada 59.78 66.66 88.38 .. .. .. .. Czech Republic 53.15 63.93 64.04 47.93 67.98 85.54 89.31 Poland 47.32 62.25 46.86 39.00 67.44 73.74 73.56 United States 59.63 55.69 50.00 39.71 41.45 73.70 69.53 China 43.60 73.16 33.06 44.76 48.23 85.99 .. Colombia 34.92 61.65 45.24 38.18 64.48 69.49 68.68 South Africa 36.94 47.20 46.38 38.45 51.47 67.69 67.61 Former USSR(2) 34.09 47.72 41.35 38.34 63.89 68.13 65.11 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs.

81.49

138.84

64.73 116.92 90.41 91.16 98.66 228.55 76.67 75.05 76.21

129.56 .. 152.10 154.54 135.78 .. 152.34 144.76 139.38

Steam coal(3)

(1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former USSR until 1991, Russia starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.152 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Greece* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 600

50 45

500

40 35

400

30 300

25 20

200

15 10

100

5 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 18

18

16

16

14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 70

120

60

100

50

1977

80

40 60 30 40

20

20

10

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001 Other

2007

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.153

Greece 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

TPES (Mtce) 16.87 21.40 Coal and peat 3.01 4.66 Oil 12.95 15.60 Gas Comb. renew/waste 0.64 0.64 Nuclear Hydro 0.27 0.42 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) 0.01 0.08 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

30.63 11.52 17.24 0.20 1.28 0.22 0.00 0.08 0.09 -

38.69 12.91 21.26 2.43 1.44 0.45 0.00 0.20 -0.00 -

43.18 12.04 24.14 3.92 1.45 0.72 0.02 0.36 0.52 -

45.97 15.45 22.73 4.78 1.69 0.32 0.02 0.45 0.54 -

46.54 15.05 23.54 4.90 1.60 0.31 0.02 0.43 0.69 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 3.57 8.23 1.70 4.12 -1.33 17.63 -

2.42 1.74 1.64 20.63 1.66 2.27 10.64 10.65 11.25 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

77 94 101 127 163 0.22 0.23 0.30 0.30 0.26 Population (millions) 9.1 9.8 10.3 10.9 11.1 TPES/population(1) 1.86 2.18 2.96 3.54 3.87 TPES/GDP(2) 71.8 74.7 99.8 100.0 86.9 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 38.4 48.7 112.5 100.0 72.6 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 48.5 62.3 83.2 100.0 94.8 Elec. generation (TWh) 15 23 35 53 60 Industrial production(2) 56.6 75.7 83.2 100.0 100.0 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

170 0.27 11.2 4.11 89.0 89.6 95.8 63 102.0

175 0.27 11.2 4.16 87.2 84.5 .. 59 98.7

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 1.59 1.95 0.76 2.78 1.95 6.53 3.22 5.15 2.30

3.11 -0.67 0.47 1.94 -0.67 -1.33 0.83 3.53 1.21

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

3.97 -

4.22 -

10.17 -

11.75 -

11.67 -

14.81 -

14.68 -

8.16 -

2.24 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal 21.82 23.20 51.90 63.89 64.79 66.31 65.72 Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

7.49 -

1.45 -

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.154 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Greece 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

12.18 0.74 9.24 0.00 0.64 1.56 -

15.29 0.67 11.53 0.00 0.64 2.45 -

20.71 1.72 13.97 0.16 1.28 0.00 0.08 3.50 -

26.36 1.25 17.73 0.54 1.35 0.00 0.14 5.30 0.04

29.70 0.63 20.19 1.02 1.37 0.01 0.14 6.25 0.07

30.54 0.57 20.69 1.17 1.40 0.02 0.16 6.45 0.08

31.14 0.76 20.46 1.21 1.63 0.02 0.23 6.78 0.06

3.17 5.08 2.46 24.99 4.12 4.86 -

2.43 -4.67 2.27 12.65 1.44 10.64 6.31 3.97 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

4.19 0.53 2.75 0.00 0.91 -

5.52 0.45 3.78 0.00 1.29 -

5.69 1.51 2.40 0.01 0.27 1.49 -

6.34 1.22 2.78 0.35 0.33 1.66 -

5.92 0.62 2.57 0.61 0.35 0.00 1.77 -

6.02 0.57 2.77 0.64 0.31 0.00 1.74 -

6.55 0.76 2.99 0.58 0.34 1.88 -

1.81 6.35 -0.80 21.42 2.97 -

0.83 -3.98 1.29 26.45 1.23 1.40 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

2.95 0.02 2.92 -

4.55 0.00 4.54 -

7.20 0.00 7.18 -

9.14 9.11 -

10.44 10.40 0.02

10.74 10.63 0.02

11.09 10.91 0.03

5.38 -17.43 5.43 -

2.58 2.49 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.01 2.80 0.06 1.72 0.00

0.01 2.84 0.06 1.44 0.00

0.02 4.35 0.03 2.12 0.00

0.03 6.40 0.03 3.44 0.01

0.02 7.85 0.01 4.44 0.10

0.07 0.03 7.84 0.00 4.23 0.20

0.12 0.03 7.68 0.00 3.78 0.25

5.92 2.63 -4.19 1.25 4.03

4.19 3.40 -13.49 3.46 29.76

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.64 0.38 0.25 0.00

0.64 0.69 0.40 0.00

1.00 0.08 1.11 0.93 0.00 0.23 0.01

1.00 0.14 1.75 0.04 1.87 0.35 0.01

1.00 0.01 0.14 2.07 0.07 2.77 0.63 0.11

1.00 0.01 0.15 2.17 0.08 2.96 0.64 0.13

1.15 0.01 0.22 2.21 0.06 3.05 0.58 0.15

2.65 6.58 7.96 9.17

0.80 6.22 4.10 7.24 5.68 19.39

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide 0.00 Electricity 0.25 0.40 0.69 Heat Non-energy use 0.76 0.71 1.00 Coal and peat 0.12 0.15 0.17 Oil 0.64 0.56 0.70 Gas 0.14 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.00 0.00 1.51 1.03 0.85 0.17

0.01 0.00 2.02 1.09 0.90 0.18

0.01 0.00 2.18 1.30 1.11 0.19

0.00 0.00 2.31 1.20 1.00 0.20

6.12 1.63 1.77 0.52 -

13.70 7.37 1.07 2.17 2.08

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.155

Greece 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

2.4 0.7 -0.0 -0.1

4.2 0.5 -0.1

10.2 1.3 0.0

11.7 1.2 -0.1 0.1

11.7 0.3 -0.0 0.0

14.8 0.5 -0.0 0.1

14.7 0.3 0.1

8.8 4.0 x

2.2 -5.1 x

3.0

4.7

11.5

12.9

12.0

15.4

15.0

8.2

1.7

Statistical difference

-0.0

-0.0

0.1

0.0

-0.0

-2.8

..

x

x

Total transformation

-2.1 e

-3.9 e

-9.9

-11.7

-11.4

-11.9

..

9.5

1.1

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-2.0 -2.0 -

-3.8 -3.8 -

-9.8 -9.8 -

-11.7 -11.7 -

-11.4 -11.4 -

-11.9 -11.9 -

.. .. ..

9.8 9.8 -

1.1 1.1 -

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.1 e 0.0 -0.1 e 0.0 -

-0.1 e 0.0 -0.1 e -0.1 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-6.3 -

-8.5 -8.5 -

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.1

-0.1

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

0.7

0.7

1.7

1.3

0.6

0.8

..

5.1

-4.7

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

0.5 0.2 e 0.0 0.0 -

0.5 0.2 e 0.0 0.0 -

1.5 0.1 1.2 -

1.2 1.0 -

0.6 0.3 -

0.8 0.5 -

.. .. .. .. ..

6.3 5.6 36.6 -

-4.0 -5.0 -

Transport sector(6)

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

..

-17.4

-

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

.. .. ..

-2.9 -4.2

-14.6 -13.5

Non-energy use 0.1 0.1 0.2 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

-

-

-

..

1.8

-

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

Other sectors

(4)

(5)

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.156 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Greece 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

0.15 0.02 0.13 0.13 0.00 -

0.16 0.02 0.14 0.14 0.00 -

1.38 1.38 1.29 0.09 0.00 -

1.12 0.01 0.01 1.12 1.05 0.07 -

0.56 0.56 0.43 0.13 0.00 -

0.46 0.46 0.37 0.09 0.00 -

0.71 0.71 0.57 0.14 0.00 -

20.18 21.66 -3.54 -8.75 -

-3.83 -3.84 -4.69 2.85 4.16 -

0.21 0.21 -

0.38 0.38 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

21.74 22.69 52.05 19.83 20.63 50.53 19.83 20.63 50.53 0.66 0.65 0.35 0.36 0.47 0.52 0.21 0.23 0.20 0.02 0.16 0.25 0.30 0.06 Non-energy use 0.83 0.82 0.58 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

64.56 63.86 63.86 0.24 0.38 0.00 0.38 0.03 -

70.10 69.43 69.43 0.41 0.22 0.22 0.01 -

64.60 63.96 63.96 0.27 0.35 0.35 0.00 -

66.37 65.87 65.87 0.19 0.31 0.31 0.00 -

7.55 8.11 8.11 -5.14 2.96 -0.25 5.46 -2.96

1.44 1.57 1.57 -3.59 -2.89 0.27 -14.64 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.157

Greece 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. 49.62 ..

.. 99.40 ..

.. 116.53 ..

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

93.42 .. 58.87 .. x

119.98 .. 118.71 .. x

.. .. 116.53 .. x

.. .. .. 170.14 153.52

.. .. 183.42 202.66 180.68

.. .. 240.10 261.75 243.00

.. .. 276.18 295.64 ..

.. .. .. 346.30 343.28

.. .. .. 470.29 500.81

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. 7.35 ..

.. 17.04 ..

.. 74.15 ..

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

Steam coal 8.82 13.11 Coking coal .. .. High sulphur fuel oil 8.72 20.35 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas x x Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

.. .. 74.15 .. x

.. .. .. 249.44 211.00

.. .. 202.50 223.73 187.00

.. .. 265.07 288.97 251.50

.. .. 301.87 323.14 ..

.. .. .. 346.70 322.19

.. .. .. 441.16 440.42

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

0.67 0.63 .. .. 0.05

0.55 0.51 0.38 0.13 0.04

1.31 1.28 1.28 0.03

1.16 1.16 1.16 0.00

0.72 0.71 0.71 0.00

0.57 0.56 0.56 0.00

0.34 0.34 0.34 0.00

0.54 0.53 0.53 0.00 0.00

0.30 0.29 0.29 0.00 0.00

Total exports 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.02 Hard coal 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.01 Coking coal .. Steam coal .. 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.01 Brown coal / lignite 0.00 Peat Coal products(1) 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.01 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

-

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.158 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Greece 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Hard Coal

349

533

1380

1245

814

646

383

605

335

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

213 159 54 -

384 285 99 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

136 48 1 75 -

149 123 1 -

1380 35 4

1245 110 -

814 69

646 71

383 73

605 67

335 -

12 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

25 -

1017 324 -

119 205 447 321 43 -

136 63 546 -

63 132 380 -

71 11 225 3 -

72 18 36 412 -

37 18 51 215 14 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.159

Greece 12. COAL IMPORT VALUES BY ORIGIN* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne) 1988

1990

1995

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

34.49

40.74

288.28

..

306.61

304.84

306.70

310.94

380.10

.. .. 182.83 .. .. .. .. 34.44 ..

40.88 .. 201.72 .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 288.28 .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

36.23 43.47 42.95 37.53 58.84 54.72 70.79 Imports from: Australia 34.95 .. .. .. .. .. .. Canada .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Czech Republic 104.47 131.94 179.85 143.55 178.07 198.06 198.12 Poland .. .. .. .. .. .. .. United States .. 52.03 .. .. 76.30 .. .. China .. .. .. .. 41.49 .. .. Colombia 32.86 29.06 45.00 .. .. .. 77.16 South Africa 37.11 .. 40.52 .. .. 69.89 69.59 Former USSR(2) 36.12 42.36 54.16 39.33 64.21 46.37 69.71 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs.

78.44

117.37

.. .. 252.12 .. .. .. 79.58 .. 75.73

.. .. 341.67 .. 120.31 .. .. .. 97.49

Coking coal(1) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former USSR(2) Steam coal(3)

(1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former USSR until 1991, Russia starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.160 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Hungary* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 120

45 40

100

35 80

30 25

60

20 15

40

10

20

5 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1977

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 45

100

40

90

35

80 70

30

60

25

50 20

40

15

30

10

20

5

10

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001 Other

2007

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.161

Hungary 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

TPES (Mtce) 30.39 40.50 Coal and peat 11.29 12.04 Oil 11.64 15.42 Gas 5.96 11.39 Comb. renew/waste 0.91 0.74 Nuclear Hydro 0.01 0.01 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) 0.57 0.91 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

40.94 8.72 11.93 12.73 0.94 5.11 0.02 0.12 1.37 -

35.71 5.50 9.47 13.79 1.08 5.30 0.02 0.12 0.42 -

39.04 4.39 10.50 16.36 1.71 5.03 0.02 0.12 0.01 0.89 -

38.18 4.47 10.40 15.29 1.89 5.48 0.03 0.12 0.02 0.49 -

38.02 4.38 10.10 15.20 2.13 5.54 0.03 0.13 0.03 0.48 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 1.77 -1.51 0.14 4.57 0.15 3.39 5.26 -

-0.41 -3.86 -0.80 1.08 4.21 0.41 0.98 -5.87 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

31 e 40 e 44 e 48 61 0.98 e 1.02 e 0.92 e 0.74 0.64 Population (millions) 10.4 10.7 10.4 10.2 10.1 TPES/population(1) 2.92 3.78 3.95 3.50 3.88 TPES/GDP(2) 131.8 e 137.2 e 123.8 e 100.0 85.3 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 318.2 e 264.9 e 171.2 e 100.0 62.3 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 92.4 e 105.1 e 115.9 e 100.0 88.1 Elec. generation (TWh) 18 24 28 35 36 Industrial production(2) .. 70.0 68.3 100.0 144.6 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

62 0.61 10.1 3.80 82.5 62.7 88.5 40 155.9

63 0.60 10.0 3.79 81.0 60.7 .. 40 155.9

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 2.14 -0.37 -0.03 1.80 -0.37 -3.58 1.34 2.85 -

2.00 -2.36 -0.18 -0.23 -2.36 -5.74 -1.58 2.02 4.98

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

0.87 8.20 -

0.89 8.17 -

0.17 5.72 -

4.13 -

2.51 -

2.53 -

2.43 -

-12.69 -2.96 -

-4.68 -

Mt: Coking coal 0.86 0.88 0.17 Steam coal Brown coal 25.24 25.14 17.33 14.03 9.95 9.82 9.40 Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

-12.69 -3.09 -

-3.29 -

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.162 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Hungary 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

24.13 5.96 9.23 4.39 0.88 2.16 1.51

31.35 5.33 12.86 6.86 0.71 3.14 2.46

29.39 3.42 9.96 8.85 0.88 0.12 3.88 2.27

24.53 0.76 7.42 9.56 0.99 0.11 3.62 2.07

28.40 0.75 9.33 11.49 0.86 0.11 0.00 3.97 1.87

28.03 0.78 9.67 10.58 1.04 0.12 0.00 4.08 1.77

26.67 0.65 9.70 9.24 1.11 0.12 0.00 4.15 1.70

1.17 -3.22 0.45 4.21 0.01 3.52 2.43

-0.57 -9.27 -0.15 0.25 1.38 -0.37 0.39 -1.70

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

9.27 2.66 2.18 2.42 0.03 1.32 0.66

11.13 2.31 2.43 3.76 0.02 1.70 0.91

8.61 0.73 1.28 4.58 0.00 1.69 0.33

4.65 0.41 0.38 1.96 0.09 1.08 0.74

4.37 0.39 0.36 1.79 0.15 0.00 1.14 0.54

4.41 0.44 0.30 1.80 0.17 0.00 1.15 0.54

4.35 0.45 0.31 1.74 0.18 0.00 1.16 0.51

-0.44 -7.35 -3.09 3.83 -10.48 1.46 -4.03

-3.93 -2.77 -8.07 -5.52 24.71 -2.17 2.65

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

3.26 0.54 2.62 -

4.11 0.18 3.80 -

4.19 0.00 4.04 0.00

4.34 0.00 4.21 0.00

5.72 0.01 5.57 0.00

6.12 5.95 0.00

6.32 6.13 0.00

1.49 -30.33 2.58 -

2.45 2.48 17.85

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.10 5.42 1.99 1.41 0.49

0.13 7.36 2.48 1.75 0.88

0.15 9.66 2.49 1.67 2.35

0.12 7.98 0.27 0.44 4.32

0.00 0.13 9.22 0.34 0.26 5.61

0.02 0.15 8.86 0.33 0.23 5.20

0.04 0.15 7.93 0.19 0.16 4.53

2.40 3.46 1.32 0.98 9.71

0.18 -1.16 -13.93 -12.73 3.95

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.80 0.31 0.41 1.60 0.61 0.24 0.19

0.65 0.62 0.98 2.00 0.30 0.64 0.30

0.85 1.13 1.19 2.88 0.13 0.41 0.88

0.79 1.20 0.95 4.32 0.03 0.10 2.53

0.63 0.00 1.37 1.00 5.01 0.00 0.05 3.26

0.74 0.00 1.41 0.95 4.59 0.01 0.04 2.81

0.76 0.00 1.38 0.89 4.07 0.00 0.05 2.18

0.31 7.83 6.43 3.51 -8.68 3.15 9.41

-0.60 1.20 -1.69 2.06 -17.51 -12.09 5.51

Comb. renew/waste 0.00 0.01 Geothermal 0.12 Solar, wind, tide Electricity 0.28 0.33 0.68 Heat 0.28 0.43 0.65 Non-energy use 1.84 3.51 2.27 Coal and peat Oil 0.98 2.20 1.48 Gas 0.86 1.30 0.79 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.08 0.11 1.09 0.37 2.26 1.79 0.47

0.06 0.09 0.00 1.22 0.33 3.27 2.76 0.51

0.09 0.09 0.00 1.27 0.28 3.27 2.79 0.48

0.11 0.09 0.00 1.33 0.30 3.29 2.73 0.56

5.28 5.08 1.26 2.47 -0.48

12.72 -1.44 4.04 -4.48 2.21 3.66 -1.99

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.163

Hungary 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

8.6 2.5 -0.2 0.3

9.1 3.2 -0.0 -0.2

5.9 2.3 -0.0 0.5

4.1 1.7 -0.2 -0.2

2.5 2.2 -0.4 0.1

2.5 2.4 -0.5 -0.0

2.4 2.5 -0.4 -0.1

-2.2 -0.4 -28.6 x

-4.8 0.3 49.6 x

Primary supply

11.3

12.0

8.7

5.5

4.4

4.5

4.4

-1.5

-3.9

1.2

0.6

-0.7

0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

Statistical difference Total transformation

-6.4 e

-7.2 e

-4.5 e

-4.6 e

-3.5 e

-3.7 e

..

-2.1

-1.2

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-5.8 -5.4 -0.4

-6.9 -6.5 -0.4

-4.5 -4.2 -0.2

-4.1 -4.1 -

-2.9 -2.9 -

-3.1 -3.1 -0.0

.. .. ..

-1.5 -1.4 -3.5

-2.2 -1.9 -24.4

-0.1

-0.1

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.5 e 0.4 -0.4 e -0.4 -0.1

-0.3 e 0.4 -0.4 e -0.3 0.0

-0.0 e 0.7 -0.6 e -0.1 0.0

-0.5 e 0.0 -0.4 e -0.2 -

-0.6 e -0.0 -0.4 e -0.1 -

-0.6 e -0.0 -0.4 e -0.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-21.6 3.5 2.1 -5.3 -

28.4 -2.1 1.1 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

..

-0.2

1.4

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

6.0

5.3

3.4

0.8

0.8

0.7

..

-3.2

-9.3

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

2.7 1.4 e 0.1 0.5 0.0

2.3 1.5 e 0.1 0.3 0.0

0.7 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0

0.4 0.3 e 0.1 0.0

0.4 0.3 e 0.2 -

0.5 0.3 e 0.0 0.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-7.4 -6.3 -7.9 -9.7 -14.1

-2.8 -3.1 -17.4 4.4 -

Transport sector(6)

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.0

-

-

..

-30.3

-

2.8 0.6 2.0

2.8 0.3 2.5

2.7 0.1 2.5

0.3 0.0 0.3

0.3 0.0 0.3

0.2 0.0 0.2

.. .. ..

-0.1 -8.7 1.3

-14.1 -17.5 -13.9

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

Other sectors

(4)

(5)

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.164 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Hungary 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

-

-

-

-

0.53 0.21 0.21 0.01 0.19 0.19 0.00 0.11 -

0.55 0.23 0.23 0.02 0.21 0.21 0.00 0.09 -

0.51 0.28 0.28 0.01 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.06 -

-

-

1.74 1.38 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.16 -

1.70 1.41 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.18 -

0.97 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.01 -

1.28 1.28 -

0.81 0.81 -

1.30 1.30 -

1.46 1.46 -

-4.74 -3.04 -10.91 -9.91 -20.46 -

2.43 2.52 -

26.22 25.85 19.01 18.29 18.56 14.53 17.61 17.91 14.34 0.68 0.65 0.20 1.42 1.47 1.50 2.67 2.26 0.65 0.27 0.26 0.08 0.27 0.29 0.09 1.06 0.75 0.20 0.06 0.05 0.01 1.00 0.92 0.27 3.18 3.21 2.18 Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

13.89 13.02 13.02 0.10 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.01 0.55 -

10.25 9.81 9.81 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.36 -

10.18 9.73 9.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.42 -

10.09 9.78 9.78 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.25 -

-2.65 -1.90 -1.70 -9.75 0.46 -11.15 -9.63 -8.72 -13.03 -17.57 -10.39 -3.11 -

-3.66 -2.30 -2.23 -20.51 -34.95 -14.84 -8.85 -28.04 -11.87 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.165

Hungary 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

33.66 60.78 51.33

90.60 64.33 76.50

c 105.44 77.67

c .. 195.49

c .. 222.34

c .. 304.81

c .. 384.31

c .. 485.08

.. c .. .. ..

50.47 c 77.69 .. 66.66

100.92 c 70.64 .. 102.01

.. c 95.91 99.70 85.27

.. c .. .. 223.77

.. c .. 243.38 268.82

.. c .. 283.95 350.89

.. c .. 324.34 454.37

.. c .. 459.28 585.67

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Hungarian forints / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

372 2740 2147

1700 5635 6217

c 41246 28191

c .. 50925

c .. 57038

c .. 82454

c .. 90714

c .. 107559

Steam coal .. 917 Coking coal c c High sulphur fuel oil .. 3430 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas .. 2788 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

3700 c 6060 .. 8290

.. c 36743 38194 30950

.. c .. .. 58292

.. c .. 65906 68963

.. c .. 81081 94922

.. c .. 80812 107252

.. c .. 107495 129863

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

2.49 0.66 .. .. 0.40 1.43

3.17 0.85 0.85 0.57 1.74

2.33 0.64 0.64 0.79 0.90

1.73 1.26 1.26 0.46 0.01

1.72 1.29 0.90 0.39 0.23 0.20

2.08 1.43 0.96 0.47 0.43 0.22

2.22 1.77 1.35 0.42 0.39 0.06

2.45 2.04 1.58 0.47 0.37 0.04

2.46 1.98 1.54 0.43 0.46 0.03

Total exports 0.16 0.03 0.00 0.19 0.16 0.22 0.43 Hard coal 0.00 0.00 0.00 Coking coal .. Steam coal .. 0.00 0.00 0.00 Brown coal / lignite 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.11 0.15 Peat Coal products(1) 0.12 0.19 0.13 0.10 0.28 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

0.48 0.13 0.35

0.41 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.35

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.166 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Hungary 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Hard Coal

817

812

610

1234

1336

1447

1759

2000

1931

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

817 -

812 -

610 -

1234 800 251 51 -

872 88 303 83 3 -

898 115 230 217 52 -

1260 32 449 154 105 -

1469 64 462 119 486 -

1440 18 72 236 96 839 -

817 e -

812 e -

610 e -

132 -

357 38 -

284 -

225 295 -

251 87 -

132 47 -

-

-

-

-

464 269 -

549 19 263 1

499 67 216 -

531 96 139 -

491 91 119 5

Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

-

-

-

195 -

266 -

216 -

294 2 -

251 25 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.167

Iceland* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 8

14000

7

12000

6

10000

5

8000

4

6000

3 4000 2 2000

1

0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 0.18

0.18

0.16

0.16

0.14

0.14

0.12

0.12

0.10

0.10

0.08

0.08

0.06

0.06

0.04

0.04

0.02

0.02

0.00

0.00 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 14

1977

2.5

12 2.0 10 1.5

8 6

1.0

4 0.5 2 0.0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001

2007

Other

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.168 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Iceland 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

TPES (Mtce) 1.60 2.14 Coal and peat 0.00 0.03 Oil 0.82 0.82 Gas Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro 0.27 0.38 Geothermal 0.50 0.91 Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

2.98 0.09 0.89 0.52 1.48 -

4.43 0.14 1.00 0.00 0.78 2.51 -

5.94 0.13 1.16 0.00 0.90 3.76 -

6.99 0.16 1.18 0.01 1.03 4.61 -

6.67 0.12 1.06 0.01 1.53 3.96 -0.00

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 3.74 31.25 0.47 3.86 6.58 -

5.14 3.45 1.68 4.15 6.89 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

4 5 7 9 11 0.45 0.41 0.44 0.51 0.53 Population (millions) 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 TPES/population(1) 7.54 9.38 11.70 15.76 19.54 TPES/GDP(2) 87.7 81.4 86.6 100.0 104.2 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 1.6 30.2 84.5 100.0 70.8 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 72.8 69.8 72.8 100.0 101.1 Elec. generation (TWh) 2 3 5 8 10 Industrial production(2) .. .. .. .. .. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

12 0.60 0.3 22.48 118.1 87.4 117.8 12 ..

12 0.57 0.3 21.73 111.0 65.2 .. 16 ..

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 3.81 -0.07 1.09 2.62 -0.07 26.43 -0.01 3.99 -

3.24 1.84 1.17 3.92 1.84 0.20 2.88 5.91 -

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries (1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.169

Iceland 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

1.46 0.00 0.77 0.44 0.25 -

1.83 0.03 0.78 0.63 0.35 0.05

2.34 0.09 0.85 0.78 0.48 0.14

3.01 0.14 0.99 0.78 0.85 0.25

3.18 0.14 1.06 0.74 0.96 0.28

3.41 0.13 1.15 0.71 1.11 0.32

3.58 0.16 1.18 0.00 0.65 1.34 0.25

2.82 31.25 0.56 3.52 3.81 -

2.53 3.45 1.95 -1.08 6.21 3.53

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

0.38 0.16 0.04 0.18 -

0.50 0.03 0.20 0.04 0.24 -

0.60 0.09 0.13 0.06 0.31 -

1.03 0.14 0.16 0.08 0.64 -

1.09 0.14 0.17 0.05 0.72 -

1.20 0.13 0.16 0.05 0.86 -

1.43 0.16 0.16 0.03 1.08 -

2.62 -1.31 2.53 3.19 -

5.27 3.45 1.33 -5.25 7.54 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.18 0.18 -

0.23 0.23 -

0.30 0.30 -

0.30 0.30 -

0.32 0.32 -

0.43 0.43 -

0.45 0.45 -

3.02 3.02 -

2.36 2.36 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.64 0.00 0.25 -

0.76 0.10 -

0.83 0.02 -

0.86 0.01 -

0.88 0.01 -

0.89 0.00 -

0.86 0.00 -

1.55 -13.32 -

0.21 -8.85 -

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.35 0.04 0.03 -

0.54 0.08 0.04 0.04 -

0.63 0.07 0.11 0.10 -

0.56 0.07 0.21 0.17 -

0.54 0.08 0.24 0.20 -

0.52 0.10 0.27 0.20 -

0.51 0.10 0.24 0.18 0.00 -

3.58 2.88 7.17 -

-1.16 2.16 4.82 3.35 -

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal 0.02 0.02 0.03 Solar, wind, tide Electricity 0.01 0.02 0.06 Heat 0.00 0.01 Non-energy use 0.03 0.02 0.09 Coal and peat Oil 0.03 0.02 0.09 Gas Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.06 0.09 0.01 0.18 0.18 -

0.07 0.11 0.02 0.23 0.23 -

0.07 0.12 0.02 0.27 0.27 -

0.00 0.03 0.12 0.02 0.30 0.30 -

3.13 9.56 6.57 6.57 -

0.72 4.27 3.40 7.16 7.16 -

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.170 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Iceland 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

0.0 -

0.0 -

0.1 -

0.1 -

0.1 -

0.2 -

0.1 -

31.3 x

3.4 x

Primary supply

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

31.3

3.4

Statistical difference

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

Total transformation

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

..

31.3

3.4

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

-

0.0 0.0 -

0.1 0.1 0.0 -

0.1 0.1 0.0 -

0.1 0.1 0.0 -

0.2 0.1 0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-

3.4 3.2 4.8 -

Transport sector(6)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.0 0.0

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

Other sectors

(4)

(5)

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.171

Iceland 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

-

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

0.05 0.05 0.05 -

0.09 0.09 0.09 -

0.10 0.10 0.10 -

0.09 0.09 0.09 -

0.11 0.11 0.11 -

-

4.39 4.39 4.39 -

-

-

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

0.02 0.02 0.02 -

0.03 0.03 0.03 -

-

5.04 5.04 5.04 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries (1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.172 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Iceland 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Icelandic krona / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal .. Coking coal .. High sulphur fuel oil .. Low sulphur fuel oil .. Natural gas .. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

0.00 0.00 .. .. -

0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01

0.09 0.06 0.01 0.05 0.03

0.14 0.10 0.01 0.08 0.04

0.15 0.10 0.02 0.08 0.05

0.14 0.11 0.01 0.10 0.03

0.13 0.10 0.02 0.09 0.02

0.16 0.13 0.03 0.10 0.03

0.12 0.10 0.05 0.06 0.02

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal .. Steam coal .. Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

-

-

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.173

Iceland 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Hard Coal

-

12

65

101

104

117

108

138

109

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

-

-

13 13 -

14 7 7

18 6 12

14 7 7

19 19

30 24

50 50 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

6 -

-

-

12 12 -

52 52 -

87 6 4 48 19

86 9 77

103 39 1 9 54

89 19 18 52

108 68 3 7 20 10

59 59

Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

-

-

10 -

-

-

-

-

-

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.174 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Ireland* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 180

25

160 20

140 120

15

100 80

10

60 40

5

20 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 6

6

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1977

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 50

30

45 25

40 35

20

30 25

15

20 10

15 10

5

5 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001 Other

2007

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.175

Ireland 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

TPES (Mtce) 9.87 11.77 Coal and peat 2.26 2.73 Oil 7.52 7.88 Gas 1.05 Comb. renew/waste Nuclear Hydro 0.08 0.10 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) 0.01 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

14.24 4.93 6.39 2.67 0.15 0.09 0.00 0.00 -

19.43 3.61 10.56 4.91 0.20 0.10 0.00 0.03 0.01 -

20.93 3.43 10.95 5.73 0.31 0.09 0.00 0.20 0.22 -

21.51 3.39 11.18 6.12 0.34 0.08 0.00 0.24 0.16 -

21.60 3.50 10.84 6.40 0.38 0.12 0.00 0.30 0.06 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 2.18 4.69 -0.95 0.47 -

2.46 -2.19 3.34 4.99 4.73 -0.26 24.81 61.70 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

25 34 49 97 134 0.40 0.34 0.29 0.20 0.16 Population (millions) 3.1 3.4 3.5 3.8 4.3 TPES/population(1) 3.21 3.46 4.06 5.11 4.92 TPES/GDP(2) 197.9 171.4 145.4 100.0 77.8 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 244.4 213.7 271.1 100.0 68.6 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 118.1 120.0 116.0 100.0 92.1 Elec. generation (TWh) 7 11 14 24 27 Industrial production(2) .. 16.7 30.9 100.0 134.1 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

142 0.15 4.4 4.94 75.4 63.8 86.8 28 143.8

139 0.15 4.4 4.87 77.0 67.1 .. 29 142.4

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 4.05 -1.80 0.78 1.39 -1.80 0.61 -0.11 3.96 -

6.49 -3.79 1.29 1.16 -3.79 -8.15 -1.69 4.04 9.47

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

0.02 1.50

0.06 1.49

0.02 2.02

1.38

1.09

0.84

0.94

0.45 2.50

-4.99

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal 0.02 0.06 0.03 Brown coal Peat 5.24 5.21 6.52 4.81 3.69 2.77 3.09 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

1.46 1.82

-4.90

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.176 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Ireland 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

7.30 1.33 5.08 0.15 0.76 -

9.06 1.82 5.57 0.62 1.06 -

10.82 2.45 5.33 1.43 0.15 0.00 0.00 1.46 -

15.23 1.01 9.29 2.26 0.17 0.00 0.00 2.49 -

17.11 1.01 10.76 2.09 0.26 0.00 0.00 2.99 -

18.12 0.94 11.49 2.23 0.27 0.00 0.00 3.18 -

17.67 0.91 11.03 2.26 0.29 0.00 0.00 3.18 -

2.34 3.68 0.29 14.31 3.94 -

2.93 -5.68 4.37 2.74 3.87 24.81 21.09 4.69 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

2.43 0.06 2.06 0.04 0.27 -

3.10 0.15 2.04 0.52 0.39 -

2.49 0.37 0.97 0.51 0.09 0.55 -

3.58 0.17 1.64 0.67 0.14 0.95 -

3.69 0.23 1.51 0.77 0.23 0.94 -

3.98 0.19 1.56 0.90 0.23 1.10 -

3.68 0.20 1.29 0.93 0.22 1.04 -

0.14 10.91 -4.33 17.04 4.28 -

2.33 -3.47 1.67 3.61 5.32 3.82 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

1.61 1.61 -

2.20 2.20 -

2.34 2.34 -

4.91 4.90 -

6.00 6.00 -

6.52 6.50 -

6.82 6.78 -

2.22 2.22 -

6.48 6.45 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

2.58 1.26 0.89 0.11

2.60 1.57 0.50 0.10

0.00 3.35 2.06 0.55 0.17

0.00 3.56 0.83 1.30 0.63

0.00 0.01 4.14 0.73 1.60 0.86

0.00 0.01 4.37 0.71 1.74 0.90

0.03 0.01 4.15 0.67 1.61 0.85

1.55 2.92 -2.81 2.41

7.18 1.27 -6.41 6.57 10.00

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.32 0.36 0.19 -

0.44 0.83 0.11 0.50 -

0.06 0.00 0.51 1.40 0.02 0.90 0.13

0.02 0.00 0.78 1.94 0.01 0.83 0.42

0.02 0.00 0.00 0.92 2.36 0.04 0.83 0.45

0.02 0.00 0.00 0.99 2.28 0.04 0.80 0.44

0.03 0.00 0.00 0.99 2.41 0.04 0.81 0.48

2.80 8.37 9.60 -

-3.95 21.09 4.00 3.27 2.96 -0.57 7.79

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal 0.00 Solar, wind, tide Electricity 0.17 0.22 0.34 Heat Non-energy use 0.30 0.29 0.89 Coal and peat Oil 0.30 0.29 0.28 Gas 0.61 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.00 0.69 0.79 0.24 0.55

0.00 0.00 1.04 0.44 0.44 -

0.01 0.00 1.00 0.51 0.51 -

0.01 0.00 1.07 0.19 0.19 -

4.32 6.71 -0.37 -

15.98 6.91 -8.71 -2.22 -

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.177

Ireland 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

1.5 0.8 -0.1 0.0

1.5 1.2 -0.0 0.0

2.0 2.9 -0.0 0.0

1.4 2.4 -0.0 -0.2

1.1 2.5 -0.0 -0.1

0.8 2.1 -0.0 0.4

0.9 2.4 -0.0 0.2

1.7 7.7 -6.4 x

-5.1 -1.8 -3.6 x

2.3

2.7

4.9

3.6

3.4

3.4

3.5

4.7

-2.2

Statistical difference

-

-0.0

0.4

0.3

0.1

-0.1

..

x

x

Total transformation

-0.9

-0.9

-2.8

-2.9

-2.6

-2.3

..

6.7

-1.1

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.9 -0.9 -

-0.8 -0.8 -0.0

-2.6 -2.6 -0.0

-2.7 -2.7 -0.0

-2.5 -2.5 -0.0

-2.3 -2.2 -0.0

.. .. ..

6.4 6.3 -

-0.9 -0.9 -1.8

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-

0.0 0.0 -

-0.2 -0.2 -

-0.1 -0.1 0.0

-0.1 -0.1 0.0

-0.1 -0.1 c

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-4.3 -4.3 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Own use

-

-

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

-

3.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

1.3

1.8

2.5

1.0

0.9

0.9

..

3.7

-5.7

0.1 0.0 -

0.1 0.0 -

0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 -

0.2 0.1 -

0.2 0.2 0.0

0.2 0.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

10.9 8.2 -

-3.5 -0.3 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

1.3 1.3

1.7 0.1 1.6

2.1 0.0 2.1

0.8 0.0 0.8

0.7 0.0 0.7

0.7 0.0 0.7

.. .. ..

3.0 2.9

-6.2 3.0 -6.4

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.178 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Ireland 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes) 1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

0.54 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.46 -

1.07 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.14 0.14 0.81 -

3.18 1.97 1.96 0.01 0.34 0.00 0.03 0.19 0.12 1.05 -

2.94 2.35 2.34 0.01 0.03 0.18 0.11 0.07 0.36 -

2.87 2.29 2.28 0.01 0.04 0.25 0.18 0.07 0.31 -

2.59 2.04 2.04 0.04 0.20 0.17 0.00 0.03 0.30 -

2.38 1.82 1.82 0.21 0.18 0.03 0.33 -

15.88 45.40 45.37 19.66 9.43 7.25 -

-1.70 -0.47 -0.45 -2.70 -0.35 -7.60 -6.69 -

-

-

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.04 0.04 Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

0.04 0.04 -

0.05 0.05 -

0.01 0.01 -

0.01 0.01 -

-

-5.70 -6.11 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.179

Ireland 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

63.11 82.37 90.97

34.26 103.73 77.04

75.99 150.48 c

79.21 210.16 c

69.22 253.40 c

94.31 250.49 c

112.40 418.02 c

.. x 102.26 .. 189.24

.. x 180.84 .. 507.59

.. x 115.42 .. 257.44

.. x 168.24 .. 88.82

.. x 243.22 .. 226.89

.. x 309.06 .. 290.90

.. x 367.94 .. 362.36

.. x 326.91 .. c

.. x 330.36 .. 479.29

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

42.89 85.67 89.83

32.89 152.42 107.47

54.13 164.05 c

56.42 229.12 c

48.82 273.51 c

60.92 247.64 c

68.03 387.23 c

Steam coal .. .. Coking coal x x High sulphur fuel oil 91.68 151.35 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas 161.07 403.32 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

.. x 120.05 .. 254.20

.. x 247.21 .. 123.90

.. x 265.16 .. 234.83

.. x 336.94 .. 301.08

.. x 397.14 .. 371.32

.. x 323.19 .. c

.. x 306.03 .. 421.50

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

0.83 0.81 .. .. 0.01

1.20 1.19 1.19 0.01

2.90 2.85 0.01 2.83 0.03 0.03

2.44 2.42 2.42 0.03 -

2.77 2.74 2.74 0.03 -

2.84 2.80 2.80 0.04 0.00

2.47 2.46 2.46 0.01 0.00

2.15 2.14 2.14 0.01 c

2.36 2.35 2.35 0.01 -

Total exports 0.10 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 Hard coal 0.07 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 Coking coal .. Steam coal .. 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 Brown coal / lignite 0.00 Peat 0.00 Coal products(1) 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01

0.03 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.01

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.180 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Ireland 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

565

1188

3081

2747

2886

2947

2587

2253

2475

-

-

14 2 2 2 5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

565 6 331 214 -

1188 2 9 483 276 408 -

3067 21 430 302 1277 115

2747 292 176 123 452 -

2886 1224 268 62 38

2947 299 288 19 36

2587 62 5 36

2253 387 1 235 40 73 36

2475 394 239 79 142 36

11 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other 3 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

10 -

7 667 17 71 15 5 140

904 327 418 55

4 1244 4 3 39

9 1013 602 634 9 38

1091 779 375 8 231

322 633 488 38

780 478 289 38

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.181

Ireland 12. COAL IMPORT VALUES BY ORIGIN* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne) 1988

1990

1995

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

116.43

107.07

101.41

149.97

178.22

412.43

355.05

86.14

102.25

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. 100.40 .. .. 106.09 .. ..

.. .. .. .. 98.08 .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. 145.10 110.07 .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. 161.54 .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 77.79

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 96.99 95.68

71.77 70.76 69.55 50.08 80.90 74.91 101.78 Imports from: Australia 105.83 .. 41.76 55.91 71.47 84.49 .. Canada .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Czech Republic 84.39 .. .. .. .. .. .. Poland 87.96 98.25 99.09 90.38 97.77 114.10 149.15 United States 67.13 62.06 57.93 40.79 .. .. .. China 219.48 82.52 .. .. .. .. .. Colombia 90.69 72.99 36.07 .. .. .. .. South Africa 57.78 85.34 84.69 37.23 67.44 64.62 70.73 Former USSR(2) 48.74 81.51 70.14 .. .. 713.45 .. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs.

125.15

143.08

618.20 .. .. 177.54 .. .. .. 85.73 ..

142.53 .. .. 256.72 .. 123.41 .. 126.72 ..

Coking coal(1) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former USSR(2) Steam coal(3)

(1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former USSR until 1991, Russia starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.182 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Italy* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 200

300

180 250

160 140

200

120 100

150

80 100

60 40

50

20 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 30

30

25

25

20

20

15

15

10

10

5

5

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1977

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 500

350

450

300

400 250

350 300

200

250 150

200

100

150 100

50

50 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001 Other

2007

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.183

Italy 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

1990

TPES (Mtce) 170.17 186.91 209.57 Coal and peat 11.57 16.69 20.90 Oil 129.00 126.05 119.23 Gas 20.32 32.46 55.70 Comb. renew/waste 0.35 1.31 1.34 Nuclear 1.17 0.82 Hydro 4.61 5.56 3.89 Geothermal 3.05 3.28 4.24 Solar, wind, tide 0.01 Net electricity trade(1) 0.11 0.75 4.26 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2000 243.81 17.94 122.86 82.75 3.22 5.43 6.08 0.09 e 5.45 -

2006

2007

2008e

258.76 23.82 111.64 98.82 6.90 4.54 7.09 0.42 5.53 -

254.52 23.97 107.19 99.30 6.62 4.03 7.14 0.57 5.69 -

249.26 24.10 100.68 99.29 7.43 4.91 7.08 0.91 4.86 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 1.23 3.54 -0.46 6.11 8.27 -1.00 1.97 24.13 -

1.15 0.81 -0.62 3.46 9.84 0.22 3.11 28.95 1.72 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

576 739 938 1097 1167 0.30 0.25 0.22 0.22 0.22 Population (millions) 54.8 56.4 56.7 56.9 58.9 TPES/population(1) 3.11 3.31 3.69 4.28 4.39 TPES/GDP(2) 133.1 113.8 100.6 100.0 99.8 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 122.9 138.1 136.3 100.0 124.8 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 85.9 86.9 92.0 100.0 106.4 Elec. generation (TWh) 144 183 213 270 308 Industrial production(2) 62.7 77.6 86.5 100.0 99.3 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

1184 0.22 59.3 4.29 96.8 123.8 105.0 308 101.4

1179 0.21 59.0 4.22 95.1 125.0 .. 312 98.1

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 2.91 -1.63 0.21 1.02 -1.63 0.61 0.40 2.34 1.91

1.38 -0.23 0.26 0.88 -0.23 -0.56 0.78 2.19 0.94

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

0.01 0.43 -

0.46 -

0.05 0.34 -

0.00 -

0.02 -

0.14 -

0.11 -

20.81 -1.89 -

6.17 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal 0.01 0.06 0.02 0.16 0.12 Brown coal 1.20 1.29 0.96 0.01 Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

20.81 -1.89 -

6.07 -

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.184 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Italy 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

137.94 4.66 99.91 18.25 15.12 -

146.04 4.77 91.71 28.86 1.06 19.63 -

164.30 4.83 87.88 43.69 1.23 0.29 0.01 26.37 -

183.06 3.82 87.78 55.12 2.49 0.30 0.02 33.54 -

203.39 4.18 91.39 61.34 2.59 0.30 0.04 36.97 6.59

202.19 3.99 91.15 58.41 3.22 0.30 0.05 37.94 7.13

198.95 3.30 90.18 57.39 2.73 0.30 0.07 38.00 6.97

1.03 0.21 -0.75 5.27 3.33 -

1.13 -2.21 0.15 1.62 4.78 0.35 15.04 2.17 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

55.80 3.78 30.18 12.36 9.48 -

51.20 4.25 22.30 12.93 0.17 11.55 -

48.70 4.69 11.54 18.53 0.31 13.63 -

54.64 3.49 9.57 23.74 0.41 17.43 -

53.62 3.93 9.90 21.62 0.39 17.79 -

52.78 3.74 9.50 21.05 0.39 18.10 -

54.06 3.05 10.29 22.41 0.35 17.96 -

-0.80 1.28 -5.50 2.41 2.16 -

0.62 -2.50 -0.67 1.13 0.61 1.64 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

27.09 0.21 26.24 0.18

34.79 0.00 33.83 0.37

46.93 45.81 0.30

55.44 53.93 0.47

58.30 56.29 0.54

58.86 56.78 0.59

59.08 56.91 0.69

3.29 3.33 3.13

1.36 1.29 5.08

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.46 38.26 0.67 28.65 5.71

0.59 41.38 0.52 22.71 12.61

0.83 37.52 0.14 13.60 16.42

1.05 40.42 0.09 9.54 21.39

0.26 1.22 45.43 0.01 8.59 26.83

0.23 1.26 42.66 0.01 7.63 24.35

0.20 1.28 39.59 0.01 6.49 22.82

3.44 -0.11 -8.90 -4.29 6.41

2.60 0.32 -15.31 -4.26 1.95

0.88 0.01 6.48 11.38 0.45 6.01

1.88 0.02 7.51 15.37 0.46 7.96

1.73 0.04 8.23 20.38 0.61 10.69

2.32 0.05 8.31 21.12 0.66 10.86

1.94 0.07 8.26 20.58 0.63 10.14

4.18 10.09 0.19 -

4.79 15.04 1.44 3.55 1.96 3.12

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity 1.79 2.52 4.92 Heat Non-energy use 11.83 12.42 14.78 Coal and peat Oil 11.83 9.48 12.39 Gas 2.94 2.40 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

6.95 12.04 0.24 10.41 1.40

9.08 13.70 0.23 12.05 1.42

9.59 14.28 0.24 12.69 1.35

9.81 13.54 0.24 12.20 1.10

6.14 1.32 0.27 -

4.15 -0.52 -0.09 -4.48

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

3.23 2.22 0.44 -

0.90 e 4.65 3.10 0.58 -

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.185

Italy 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

0.4 11.7 -0.6 0.1

0.5 17.4 -0.7 -0.4

0.4 19.8 -0.2 0.9

0.0 18.9 -0.1 -0.8

0.0 24.0 -0.2 0.1

0.1 24.0 -0.2 0.0

0.1 23.9 -0.3 0.4

-0.5 3.2 -6.5 x

-5.8 1.1 0.3 x

Primary supply

11.6

16.7

20.9

17.9

23.8

24.0

24.1

3.5

0.8

0.1

0.0

0.2

-0.5

2.7

-0.6

..

x

x

-13.2 e

-22.4 e

-19.9 e

..

6.8

1.7

Statistical difference Total transformation

-4.9 e

-9.8 e

-15.0 e

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-1.9 -1.9 -

-6.0 -4.9 -1.1

-11.4 -10.2 -1.3

-9.6 -9.6 ..

-19.1 -18.9 -0.2

-16.7 -16.6 -0.1

.. .. ..

11.1 10.4 -

2.2 2.9 -16.7

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-3.0 e -2.2 e -0.8 -

-3.8 e -2.2 e -1.6 0.0

-3.5 e -2.3 e -1.2 -

-3.7 e -2.1 e -1.6 -

-3.3 e -2.3 e -1.0 -

-3.3 e -2.2 e -1.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

1.0 0.3 2.4 -

-0.5 -0.2 -0.9 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-1.7

-2.0

-1.2

-0.4

-0.1

-0.1

..

-1.8

-14.6

-0.4

-0.2

-0.1

-0.0

-

-0.1 e

..

x

x

4.7

4.8

4.8

3.8

4.0

3.3

..

0.2

-2.2

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

3.8 2.8 e 0.3 0.2 -

4.2 2.9 e 0.2 0.5 0.0

4.7 2.9 e 0.2 1.3 0.0

3.5 2.7 e 0.0 0.5 0.0

3.7 2.8 e 0.0 0.9 -

3.1 2.2 e 0.0 0.8 -

.. .. .. .. ..

1.3 0.4 -1.0 11.3 -

-2.5 -1.7 -17.3 -2.7 -

Transport sector(6)

0.2

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.7 0.7

0.5 0.5

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.1

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

.. .. ..

-8.9 -8.9

-15.3 -15.3

-

0.2

0.2

0.2

..

-

-

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

Other sectors

(4)

(5)

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.186 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Italy 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

2.51 2.07 2.02 0.05 0.01 0.31 0.03 0.01 0.20 0.07 0.07 -

5.79 4.96 4.92 0.04 0.01 0.61 0.05 0.01 0.43 0.04 0.07 0.22 -

12.69 10.78 10.77 0.02 0.17 1.68 0.22 0.00 1.40 0.06 0.06 -

11.36 9.53 9.53 0.94 0.88 0.26 0.00 0.54 0.00 0.08 0.00 -

18.61 16.00 15.84 0.16 1.15 1.45 0.52 0.00 0.92 0.00 0.01 -

18.71 15.94 15.80 0.14 1.30 1.46 0.52 0.00 0.94 0.00 0.01 -

18.92 16.96 16.90 0.06 0.83 1.12 0.20 0.00 0.91 0.00 0.01 -

14.46 14.77 14.97 -8.42 15.08 19.30 -9.91 17.56 -1.12 -1.87 -

2.38 2.70 2.69 8.19 9.77 -2.37 -0.42 -1.68 -2.49 -16.32 -10.47 -

9.91 9.90 -

11.24 11.22 -

8.63 8.61 -

6.66 6.38 0.23

5.63 5.06 0.22

6.09 5.81 0.23

6.20 5.91 0.23

-1.14 -1.15 -

-1.93 -2.19 -

1.27 1.39 1.09 1.20 1.29 1.06 1.20 1.29 1.06 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.05 Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

0.03 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.02 -

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

0.00 0.00 0.00 -

-1.27 -1.07 -1.07 -0.49 -2.55 5.02 1503.17 -

-28.09 -11.67 -4.66 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.187

Italy 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

41.32 62.53 63.55

57.37 132.16 134.63

67.72 98.15 90.90

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

70.05 69.79 63.44 .. 64.94

56.68 69.57 132.49 .. 134.95

58.84 64.88 136.94 .. 122.20

43.46 53.26 161.05 155.19 c

72.13 81.00 .. 210.37 233.67

83.23 108.96 .. 278.73 273.65

78.59 117.95 .. 311.73 353.23

97.48 124.19 .. 345.19 381.96

163.22 199.90 .. 469.07 502.82

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

16.03 37.56 35.79

22.46 80.11 76.51

37.13 83.32 72.34

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

Steam coal 27.01 22.05 Coking coal 29.04 29.21 High sulphur fuel oil 38.11 80.31 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas 36.57 76.69 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

32.06 38.15 116.25 .. 97.25

41.51 54.90 239.64 230.93 c

51.12 61.94 .. 232.25 241.85

58.98 83.33 .. 307.72 283.23

55.14 89.31 .. 340.73 361.96

62.64 86.12 .. 345.59 358.50

98.28 129.90 .. 440.01 442.20

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

11.67 11.48 .. .. 0.04 0.15

17.39 17.22 12.03 5.20 0.04 0.13

19.83 19.67 9.14 10.53 0.05 0.11

18.90 18.39 7.61 10.78 0.00 0.51

24.22 23.14 5.36 17.77 0.00 1.07

23.62 22.78 6.11 16.66 0.00 0.84

23.95 23.24 6.33 16.91 0.00 0.71

24.00 23.58 6.65 16.93 0.00 0.42

23.91 23.68 6.42 17.26 0.00 0.23

Total exports 0.63 0.75 0.20 0.12 0.24 0.23 0.22 Hard coal 0.00 Coking coal .. Steam coal .. 0.00 Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1) 0.63 0.75 0.20 0.12 0.24 0.23 0.22 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

0.21 0.21

0.28 0.04 0.04 0.24

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.188 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Italy 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Hard Coal

12458

17197

20445

19015

24666

24150

24632

24953

25099

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

10007 1347 2537 1525 3027 -

11377 1206 2513 678 5858 -

8648 1045 212 804 158 6236 12

7198 2463 1280 3281 -

5074 2000 649 2260 -

5784 2109 637 283 2431 -

5988 2216 966 88 2672 -

6289 2135 1084 98 2972 -

6071 2093 984 2971 -

1036 535

986 136

15 131 35

174 -

165 -

205 14 105 -

19 27 -

-

23 -

2451 1437 52 -

5820 10 88 1210 1327 -

11797 109 507 4800 148

11817 1141 1 912 4 -

19592 1077 261 119 69 -

18366 682 506 1 182 204 1

18644 881 105 198 58

18664 951 81 662

19028 830 283 1646

960 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other 2 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

53 3132 -

310 290 4884 609 140 -

369 1759 1919 3548 993 56 1115 -

483 2923 5867 5737 1895 367 788 6

2997 6800 4395 1082 1025 445 46

2034 8734 4779 814 706 335 -

2112 7885 5178 803 577 340 75

2429 7212 4596 893 633 395 111

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.189

Italy 12. COAL IMPORT VALUES BY ORIGIN* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne) 1988

1990

1995

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Coking coal(1)

59.39

61.39

57.69

60.39

77.24

103.02

112.05

118.05

188.97

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former USSR(2)

54.52 59.50 .. 59.07 57.84 .. .. 38.72 49.77

57.32 57.65 .. 64.68 62.37 .. 68.24 .. 54.53

52.91 57.67 .. 62.38 62.18 .. .. 49.38 45.76

56.77 58.98 .. 61.35 66.83 .. .. 50.20 ..

69.84 75.03 .. .. 91.04 .. 85.35 67.82 58.51

111.81 119.76 .. 128.50 113.75 .. 87.23 74.08 77.71

130.25 137.04 .. 114.32 126.23 .. .. 67.51 78.34

126.24 131.04 488.51 476.51 132.19 .. 87.00 101.09 86.60

240.02 232.32 752.71 .. 165.11 .. 152.03 159.46 150.61

47.82 51.84 50.48 42.45 63.54 73.20 69.16 Imports from: Australia 44.68 .. 45.90 40.22 55.89 .. .. Canada 382.11 .. 2798.99 514.74 .. 1441.74 588.70 Czech Republic .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Poland 48.68 58.63 51.68 135.86 144.04 125.35 67.12 United States 55.55 56.62 54.54 43.08 72.57 81.23 873.35 China 38.99 47.34 51.34 42.74 68.09 .. .. Colombia 40.09 56.10 53.06 43.89 66.74 72.04 74.47 South Africa 35.15 44.39 44.85 41.33 68.34 74.49 70.07 Former USSR(2) 37.66 42.54 45.77 45.20 71.19 74.31 74.14 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs.

86.00

143.68

.. 427.07 .. 111.14 .. .. 82.16 92.44 93.36

163.91 311.61 .. 440.45 158.43 .. 145.21 153.17 160.60

Steam coal(3)

(1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former USSR until 1991, Russia starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.190 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Japan* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 180

800

160

700

140

600

120 500

100

400

80

300

60

200

40

100

20 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 180

180

160

160

140

140

120

120

100

100

80

80

60

60

40

40

20

20

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1977

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 1200

1400

1000

1200 1000

800

800 600 600 400

400

200

200

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001 Other

2007

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.191

Japan 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

TPES (Mtce) 457.67 492.18 625.84 Coal and peat 82.66 85.08 107.70 Oil 355.61 333.83 357.74 Gas 7.25 30.57 63.09 Comb. renew/waste 7.12 Nuclear 3.61 30.75 75.30 Hydro 8.20 10.85 10.97 Geothermal 0.33 1.11 2.25 Solar, wind, tide 1.67 Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

739.55 136.61 364.59 93.79 8.35 119.90 10.72 4.43 1.17 -

740.42 156.72 334.00 110.65 10.22 112.96 10.75 4.08 1.04 -

733.60 163.68 328.31 118.64 10.54 98.22 9.09 4.03 1.09 -

701.59 161.14 302.61 119.63 8.91 95.45 9.12 3.65 1.09 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 1.86 1.57 0.04 13.57 19.56 1.72 11.95 -

0.94 2.49 -0.50 3.78 2.33 1.58 -1.10 3.48 -2.45 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

2219 2801 4122 4667 5099 0.21 0.18 0.15 0.16 0.15 Population (millions) 108.7 116.8 123.5 126.8 127.8 TPES/population(1) 4.21 4.21 5.07 5.83 5.80 TPES/GDP(2) 130.1 110.9 95.8 100.0 91.6 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 127.3 103.8 89.3 100.0 105.0 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 92.5 90.7 90.0 100.0 95.3 Elec. generation (TWh) 465 573 836 1049 1093 Industrial production(2) 56.5 66.9 98.5 100.0 106.0 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

5205 0.14 127.8 5.74 89.0 107.4 95.9 1123 108.9

5165 0.14 127.6 5.50 85.7 106.6 .. 1078 105.5

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 3.71 -1.79 0.75 1.10 -1.79 -2.06 -0.17 3.50 3.32

1.38 -0.44 0.20 0.74 -0.44 1.10 0.38 1.76 0.60

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE*

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

8.72 7.23 0.02 -

7.28 8.28 0.02 -

6.30 -

2.17 -

-

-

-

-1.15 -

-

-

-1.85 -

-

Mt: Coking coal 8.66 6.94 Steam coal 9.99 11.08 7.98 2.96 Brown coal 0.04 0.03 Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries (1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.192 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Japan 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

334.26 28.81 244.37 10.03 51.00 0.04

331.27 30.53 223.65 13.88 63.06 0.15

428.99 46.47 262.85 21.77 3.75 0.11 1.67 92.09 0.29

492.12 37.82 299.36 33.00 3.80 0.32 1.15 115.90 0.77

494.50 41.49 286.33 41.03 3.69 0.31 0.81 119.98 0.86

492.76 43.36 277.95 45.03 3.81 0.29 0.77 120.72 0.82

488.14 43.95 266.45 47.93 3.94 0.29 0.77 123.97 0.82

1.48 2.85 0.43 4.66 3.54 12.32

0.76 -0.33 0.08 4.75 0.29 5.74 -4.44 1.76 6.44

149.84 26.03 85.06 2.95 35.80 -

130.33 29.75 56.41 3.90 40.27 -

147.26 44.56 52.38 5.28 3.60 41.44 -

141.74 36.45 49.81 7.32 3.74 44.43 -

137.40 40.12 44.19 9.53 3.65 39.91 -

140.96 41.93 44.38 10.60 3.77 40.28 -

141.58 42.55 42.29 11.38 3.90 41.47 -

-0.10 3.21 -2.81 3.48 0.86 -

-0.23 -0.27 -1.25 4.62 0.47 0.00 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

58.22 0.29 56.31 -

77.11 75.24 -

102.50 100.44 -

125.68 123.40 -

121.75 119.41 -

120.09 117.78 -

117.72 115.41 -

3.38 3.46 -

0.82 0.82 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

1.63 29.89 2.50 12.50 5.16

1.87 36.76 0.79 13.82 7.90

2.07 54.27 0.09 19.26 10.50

2.28 69.46 23.70 12.85

2.34 71.69 22.66 13.38

2.31 69.18 20.84 13.17

2.32 70.36 20.48 13.31

1.42 3.57 -17.59 2.57 4.27

0.68 1.54 0.36 1.40

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

9.73 28.86 23.29 1.83

14.26 29.06 20.36 2.05

0.15 1.61 22.62 0.04 65.70 1.24 32.77 5.56

0.07 1.12 31.68 0.04 88.27 0.87 36.57 12.57

0.04 0.79 34.78 0.05 96.74 0.86 34.41 17.62

0.04 0.75 34.35 0.04 95.61 0.85 29.34 20.76

0.04 0.75 35.75 0.04 91.83 0.84 22.99 22.70

5.09 4.96 2.03 6.76

-7.80 -4.41 2.73 0.01 1.99 -2.25 -2.06 8.63

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal 0.06 Solar, wind, tide 0.06 Electricity 3.70 6.51 25.76 Heat 0.04 0.15 0.24 Non-energy use 52.68 40.61 49.35 Coal and peat 0.57 Oil 52.68 40.61 48.35 Gas 0.43 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.18 0.03 37.32 0.73 59.30 0.50 58.54 0.26

0.18 0.03 42.84 0.81 60.60 0.51 59.59 0.50

0.17 0.03 43.68 0.78 60.64 0.57 59.56 0.51

0.17 0.03 44.32 0.78 60.39 0.57 59.27 0.55

12.09 11.22 -0.38 -0.50 -

5.78 -5.25 3.24 7.15 1.19 -0.07 1.21 1.42

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.193

Japan 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

25.6 59.0 -0.6 -1.3

15.6 70.0 -2.1 1.6

6.3 103.1 -1.8 0.1

2.2 137.1 -2.5 -0.2

158.1 -1.9 0.5

164.9 -1.3 0.1

163.0 -0.9 -0.9

-7.9 3.3 7.0 x

2.8 -1.9 x

Primary supply

82.7

85.1

107.7

136.6

156.7

163.7

161.1

1.6

2.5

Statistical difference

-2.5

-1.9

2.5

-1.5

1.3

-0.5

..

x

x

Total transformation

-47.6 e

-49.9 e

-60.3 e

-94.1 e

-111.2 e

-115.4 e

..

1.4

3.9

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-17.1 -17.1 -

-15.0 -11.5 -3.6

-36.3 -29.2 -7.1

-69.1 -57.5 -11.6

-87.5 -75.5 -12.1

-91.7 -79.3 -12.4

.. .. ..

4.5 3.2 -

5.6 6.1 3.3

-2.9

-1.8

-0.6

-0.3

-

-

..

-9.0

-

-27.5 e -24.5 e -3.0 -0.0

-33.1 e -20.1 e -13.1 0.1

-23.4 e -21.7 e -1.7 -0.0

-24.7 e -24.1 e -0.7 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-0.9 -0.7 -3.3 -16.6

0.1 0.6 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3) Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6)

-23.7 e -23.0 e -0.7 -

-23.7 e -23.9 e 0.3 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-3.8

-2.7

-3.4

-3.2

-3.4

-3.9

..

-0.6

0.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

28.8

30.5

46.5

37.8

43.4

44.0

..

2.9

-0.3

26.0 23.2 e -

29.7 23.0 e 0.4 4.3 0.1

44.6 18.6 e 3.9 8.1 1.6

36.4 15.3 e 3.8 7.0 2.0

41.9 17.7 e 4.5 6.0 2.0

42.5 18.5 e 4.6 6.0 2.0

.. .. .. .. ..

3.2 -1.3 -

-0.3 -0.0 1.0 -1.7 1.5

0.3

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

2.5 2.5

0.8 0.8

1.3 1.2 0.1

0.9 0.9 -

0.9 0.9 -

0.8 0.8 -

.. .. ..

-3.6 -17.6

-2.7 -2.2 -

Non-energy use 0.6 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.5

0.6

0.6

..

-

-0.1

Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.194 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Japan 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

11.08 8.57 8.57 0.34 0.08 0.07 2.52 0.23 0.19 0.71 0.05 1.35 0.58 -

17.50 9.60 8.49 1.11 0.43 0.02 0.02 6.54 0.34 0.13 5.38 0.17 0.50 0.50 -

50.03 31.05 26.54 4.52 0.11 5.89 14.83 1.54 2.42 8.12 1.90 0.86 0.67 0.02

96.11 64.88 57.37 7.52 11.46 16.13 2.58 3.57 7.20 2.32 0.46 0.93 -

120.44 92.29 83.53 8.76 11.65 16.69 3.50 3.89 6.45 2.45 0.40 0.94 -

121.43 89.50 80.83 8.67 11.62 16.73 3.38 4.20 6.40 2.36 0.40 0.93 -

128.78 94.35 85.19 9.16 12.57 17.56 4.00 4.35 6.37 2.45 0.39 0.91 -

13.38 11.32 9.87 -9.34 43.53 15.91 17.29 23.68 22.52 36.33 -3.72 1.32 -

5.72 6.76 7.10 4.25 4.56 1.00 5.78 3.51 -1.42 1.52 -4.60 1.81 -

58.72 55.12 4.45 0.12 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.01 -

70.20 65.65 4.30 0.01 0.01 0.01 -

64.93 59.33 5.25 -

57.08 45.97 10.94 -

56.53 47.80 10.44 -

57.67 48.23 10.67 -

58.20 47.18 11.59 -

0.84 0.61 -

-0.64 -1.34 4.77 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries (1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

-

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.195

Japan 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

90.58 79.83 73.11

90.23 182.50 152.09

101.84 151.02 129.99

51.42 .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

71.23 72.47 82.50 .. 302.48

74.99 73.35 195.69 .. 349.02

70.53 68.03 136.92 .. 320.89

45.68 45.29 163.49 219.96 351.99

67.16 69.33 195.20 263.43 305.16

81.25 104.02 255.46 342.15 312.30

87.10 112.09 332.48 411.46 338.69

97.98 108.07 352.98 423.59 353.13

167.62 220.66 566.22 689.53 ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Yen / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

15170 23040 19780

16280 56740 44330

11736 29990 24200

4413 .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

Steam coal 11930 13530 Coking coal 14290 15580 High sulphur fuel oil 23810 60840 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas 81840 101730 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8128 9230 27190 .. 59740

3920 4576 24177 32528 48800

5781 7026 28952 39072 42432

7120 10731 38573 51662 44208

8066 12220 53052 65655 50665

9183 11925 57006 68409 53466

13792 21377 80285 97769 ..

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

58.99 58.99 .. .. -

69.99 69.99 65.25 4.74 -

103.13 102.63 67.13 35.50 0.50

137.13 134.66 53.98 80.69 2.47

164.37 161.34 57.57 103.77 3.03

156.91 154.28 53.46 100.82 2.64

158.07 156.17 54.54 101.64 1.90

164.89 162.81 55.03 107.78 2.08

162.96 161.52 54.25 107.27 1.44

Total exports 0.58 2.06 1.84 2.53 1.99 1.60 1.88 Hard coal 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Coking coal .. 0.03 Steam coal .. 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1) 0.58 2.01 1.84 2.53 1.99 1.60 1.87 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

1.32 0.00 0.00 1.32

0.90 0.90

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.196 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Japan 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Hard Coal

52858

68570

106918

150340

180804

176977

179100

186987

185568

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

50876 24149 10895 398 429 9956 11

62227 25917 10759 387 19414 70

64935 34505 11290 7367 225

57081 34757 5292 1422 367

60884 35443 2042 5 1646 286

56530 33674 2503 447 253

57672 34929 2906 80 329

58199 36526 3603 1 138

57367 29748 5455 1121 418

420 2360 2244 14

979 2803 1898 -

2802 153 668 2955 4950 20

6774 5677 603 2104 27 58

9027 12 9201 23 3184 15

6574 9850 25 3179 25

5807 9 10622 25 2939 26

3638 9 10659 134 3491 -

1615 20 17162 1713 115

1982 668 105 -

6343 3462 352 385 -

41983 21346 6920 4516 138

93259 55147 8297 2230 575

119920 66640 3826 9 3085 537

120447 68781 5069 905 512

121428 70835 5866 160 660

128788 78046 7625 2 291

128201 90350 2671 260 -

513 157 149 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other 390 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

1086 9 385 233 431

2504 94 409 2003 3402 150 501

12470 8908 945 3300 944 443

19042 23 17313 43 6363 2724 315

15482 19947 51 7291 21 15 2043 330

13658 18 21294 51 6496 2251 139

9942 19 22559 283 7750 2270 1

12653 11342 188 9122 1533 82

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.197

Japan 12. COAL IMPORT VALUES BY ORIGIN* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne) 1988

1990

1995

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Coking coal(1)

55.05

60.72

55.03

41.73

61.40

88.80

93.10

88.43

184.13

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former USSR(2)

48.31 67.36 x x 60.35 46.06 43.51 42.55 50.14

55.27 71.27 x x 66.90 54.38 59.34 50.11 57.45

51.15 64.49 x x 61.37 49.49 48.26 49.54 54.81

43.56 51.64 x x 42.93 39.09 x x 46.05

56.85 62.04 x x 163.61 72.57 109.00 x 67.98

96.44 106.05 .. .. 159.01 100.45 x x 114.96

106.20 125.68 .. .. 159.35 91.98 88.35 x 116.69

96.03 112.61 .. .. 516.32 100.91 x x 105.45

206.71 234.34 .. .. 308.56 256.42 224.37 x 250.90

42.64 50.97 47.85 34.93 51.48 62.73 63.33 Imports from: Australia 43.34 52.23 48.87 35.13 50.20 61.90 63.90 Canada 42.96 48.26 44.20 33.82 52.60 63.79 56.32 Czech Republic x x x x x .. .. Poland x x x x x .. .. United States 48.05 53.17 52.65 x 186.48 x 596.68 China 38.52 47.59 44.48 35.28 55.06 65.65 63.88 Colombia 43.70 x x 67.62 x x x South Africa 41.16 47.95 48.27 35.21 x 80.64 x Former USSR(2) 40.24 46.54 43.45 34.28 59.02 66.10 62.20 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs.

70.92

125.42

71.03 66.04 .. .. 553.99 73.60 100.34 77.46 72.28

127.23 125.52 .. .. 151.26 124.10 x 105.49 121.34

Steam coal(3)

(1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former USSR until 1991, Russia starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.198 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Korea* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 350

700

300

600

250

500

200

400

150

300 200

100

100

50

0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 90

90

80

80

70

70

60

60

50

50

40

40

30

30

20

20

10

10

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 450

1977

600

400 500 350 400

300 250

300 200 200

150 100

100 50 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001 Other

2007

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.199

Korea 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

1990

TPES (Mtce) 30.78 58.87 132.98 Coal and peat 11.61 19.26 36.51 Oil 19.01 38.07 71.05 Gas 3.89 Comb. renew/waste 1.04 Nuclear 1.29 19.69 Hydro 0.16 0.24 0.78 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide 0.01 Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2000 269.79 56.35 146.05 24.29 1.97 40.57 0.49 0.06 e -

2006

2007

2008e

305.49 75.61 129.48 41.00 3.48 55.38 0.43 0.01 0.08 0.02

317.42 80.44 134.93 44.50 3.75 53.21 0.45 0.02 0.10 0.02

324.61 91.81 127.63 44.11 4.33 56.20 0.38 0.02 0.12 0.01

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 8.99 6.97 8.06 9.87 -

5.25 4.76 3.85 15.41 7.82 6.02 -3.24 11.97 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

77 123 284 512 672 0.40 0.48 0.47 0.53 0.45 Population (millions) 34.1 38.1 42.9 47.0 48.3 TPES/population(1) 0.90 1.54 3.10 5.74 6.33 TPES/GDP(2) 75.5 90.9 88.9 100.0 86.2 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 136.3 142.4 116.9 100.0 102.1 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 32.3 51.8 64.7 100.0 107.4 Elec. generation (TWh) 15 37 105 289 402 Industrial production(2) .. 14.2 42.7 100.0 145.9 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

706 0.45 48.5 6.55 85.3 103.5 107.8 426 156.0

723 0.45 48.6 6.68 85.1 115.2 .. 441 160.8

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 7.94 0.97 1.35 7.53 0.97 -0.90 4.18 12.23 -

5.51 -0.24 0.72 4.50 -0.24 -0.71 3.05 8.56 7.93

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

11.35 -

11.71 -

10.82 -

2.56 -

1.82 -

1.90 -

1.82 -

-0.39 -

-9.74 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal 18.05 18.63 17.22 4.15 2.82 2.89 2.77 Brown coal Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

-0.39 -

-9.97 -

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.200 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Korea 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

24.98 9.26 14.14 1.58 -

44.70 13.92 26.76 4.02 -

92.72 16.74 62.37 0.96 1.04 0.01 11.60 -

185.12 11.93 118.67 15.61 1.82 0.06 32.33 4.70

201.67 12.09 113.77 22.83 2.57 0.00 0.05 43.94 6.42

202.97 12.51 112.29 23.28 2.92 0.01 0.05 45.62 6.29

209.72 12.29 115.45 24.27 3.04 0.02 0.04 48.06 6.56

8.02 3.54 9.12 12.46 -

4.92 -1.80 3.69 20.91 6.50 6.56 8.72 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

9.17 0.56 7.52 1.09 -

14.73 1.92 10.01 2.79 -

27.51 4.36 15.54 0.10 0.41 7.10 -

53.97 11.12 15.72 4.11 1.51 18.48 3.04

56.80 10.73 11.36 5.95 2.09 0.00 0.00 22.60 4.06

58.05 10.93 11.21 6.24 2.32 0.00 0.00 23.28 4.08

59.01 10.31 10.42 6.98 2.37 0.00 0.00 24.64 4.28

6.68 12.88 4.36 11.67 -

4.59 5.19 -2.32 28.07 10.92 7.59 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

3.57 0.02 3.54 -

6.83 0.00 6.78 -

20.82 20.70 -

42.05 41.80 -

41.72 40.93 0.46

41.76 40.74 0.65

43.18 41.93 0.83

10.93 10.95 -

4.38 4.24 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.02 8.85 8.55 e 0.10 -

0.05 13.23 11.85 e 0.72 -

0.12 18.49 12.34 e 2.74 0.66 e

0.25 21.48 0.81 e 5.54 8.90

0.02 0.32 26.30 1.36 4.54 11.96

0.06 0.31 26.84 1.58 4.93 11.82

0.11 0.30 26.32 1.43 4.44 11.72 e

12.93 4.43 2.18 21.34 -

5.36 2.10 -11.91 2.88 18.40

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.19 1.27 0.14 0.86 -

0.65 3.64 0.14 e 3.00 -

0.56 0.01 2.18 12.42 0.04 e 10.09 0.19 e

0.09 0.05 4.56 1.53 24.59 13.25 2.58

0.07 0.00 0.04 6.25 2.07 27.47 8.45 4.42

0.07 0.00 0.04 6.45 1.95 25.50 5.52 4.55

0.06 0.03 6.66 1.99 26.22 5.21 4.70

15.43 14.33 -7.29 15.56 -

-12.14 8.82 6.79 4.49 -3.82 20.63

0.22 0.01 8.39 0.14 35.76 35.76 -

0.39 0.00 0.01 13.91 0.29 43.38 43.38 -

0.47 0.01 0.01 14.68 0.26 45.37 45.37 -

0.49 0.02 0.01 15.51 0.29 49.43 0.55 48.88 -

12.47 11.04 11.04 -

11.82 1.23 12.76 10.11 10.04 -

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

Comb. renew/waste 0.07 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide 0.01 Electricity 0.27 0.50 2.01 Heat Non-energy use 1.62 4.37 9.61 Coal and peat Oil 1.62 4.37 9.61 Gas Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.201

Korea 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

11.7 5.0 e 2.6 e

10.8 22.5 e 3.2 e

2.6 54.9 e -1.1 e

1.8 72.0 1.8

1.9 77.8 0.7

1.8 87.8 2.2

0.8 23.2 x

-9.7 7.6 x

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

9.5 0.6 -0.2 1.6

Primary supply

11.6

19.3

36.5

56.4

75.6

80.4

91.8

7.0

4.8

Statistical difference

-0.0

-0.4

1.2

0.9

3.3

0.5

..

x

x

Total transformation

-2.2 e

-3.5 e

-18.8 e

-42.3 e

-65.3 e

-66.1 e

..

13.5

7.7

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.5 e -0.4 -0.1 e

-1.2 e -1.2 -0.0 e

-8.5 e -5.6 e -2.9 e

-33.7 e -29.9 e -3.7 e

-54.0 -48.3 -5.7

-54.5 -48.6 -5.9

.. .. ..

18.5 16.4 25.9

11.5 13.6 4.2

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-1.7 e -0.2 e -0.0 e -1.5 e

-2.3 e -1.4 e -0.2 e -0.7 e

.. .. .. .. ..

11.1 21.7 28.5 7.0

0.7 3.3 9.4 -12.7

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3) Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

e e e e

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

-

-

-

-

-1.4 e

-2.1 e

-3.0 e

-

-

-

9.3

13.9

16.7

0.6 0.6 e -

1.9 1.3 e 0.7 -

Transport sector(6)

0.0

0.0

Other sectors

Comm. and pub. services Residential

-8.7 e -7.8 e -0.6 e -0.2 e

-0.1 e

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

(7)

-10.3 e -4.9 e -0.6 e -4.8 e

-

8.7 0.1 8.6 e

12.0 0.1 e 11.9 e

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

4.4 0.7 e 0.1 e 2.9 0.0 e 12.4 0.0 e 12.3 e -

-11.3 e -8.4 e -2.6 -0.3

-11.6 e -8.5 e -2.6 -0.5

-

-

..

-

-

-1.1

-2.6

..

17.8

1.4

-

-

-

..

x

x

11.9

12.5

12.3

..

3.5

-1.8

11.1 3.1 e 0.2 4.4 -

10.9 5.4 e 0.1 4.2 0.0

10.3 4.2 e 0.1 4.2 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

12.9 1.4 -

5.2 11.2 3.6 2.2 16.3

0.8 0.8 e -

-

-

..

-

-

1.6 1.6

1.4 1.4

.. .. ..

2.1 -7.3 2.2

-11.9 -11.9

-

0.5

..

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.202 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Korea 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

19.88 0.52 0.52 18.29 0.84 0.68 0.16 0.22 -

23.80 1.87 1.87 19.97 1.75 0.71 1.05 0.22 -

33.04 7.71 7.71 20.70 4.59 0.17 0.08 3.53 0.00 0.80 0.05 -

47.13 36.16 36.16 1.22 9.76 0.27 5.31 4.19 -

61.39 52.72 50.21 2.51 2.01 7.09 1.19 0.13 4.75 0.04 0.98 -

63.98 55.14 52.60 2.54 2.33 7.29 1.35 0.13 4.69 0.04 1.08 -

70.31 60.90 58.34 2.56 2.09 7.85 1.39 0.14 4.99 0.04 1.31 -

4.32 25.23 25.23 1.04 15.15 -10.91 29.42 -12.19 -

4.54 12.93 12.65 -12.62 3.21 13.09 3.45 2.05 16.11 2.90 -

2.01 2.01 -

3.99 3.99 -

11.74 11.74 -

19.42 16.38 3.03 -

20.88 15.40 5.48 -

20.73 15.11 5.60 0.25 0.25 -

21.74 15.45 6.28 -

15.84 15.84 -

3.69 1.63 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries (1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

-

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.203

Korea 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. 190.61 ..

.. 99.47 ..

.. 209.68 ..

50.51 258.07 227.75

58.44 .. 285.40

54.73 .. 371.11

63.96 .. 380.89

96.49 .. 525.46

.. .. .. .. ..

32.73 .. 190.61 .. ..

61.03 .. 99.47 .. ..

58.36 .. 209.68 216.62 ..

57.88 72.66 258.07 265.50 265.83

66.77 116.53 330.54 326.78 305.16

61.12 120.23 412.77 427.59 385.23

75.29 110.12 419.55 436.51 428.40

124.80 247.02 526.36 549.77 388.52

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Korean wons / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. 152225 ..

.. 92585 ..

.. 311681 ..

54543 388560 335334

56432 .. 375833

49119 .. 454149

56055 .. 455166

100149 .. 743727

Steam coal .. 18743 Coking coal .. .. High sulphur fuel oil .. 152225 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas .. .. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

40740 .. 92585 .. ..

62210 .. 311681 321999 ..

62495 78452 388560 399742 391405

64479 112530 445095 440030 401855

54853 107902 516531 535074 471430

65984 96501 512681 533407 511948

129536 256393 761811 795691 549912

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

22.46 22.46 11.13 e 11.34 e -

54.93 54.93 18.42 36.51 -

71.78 71.14 20.56 50.58 0.64

67.00 66.69 19.45 47.24 0.32

71.97 71.68 18.93 52.74 0.29

77.82 77.31 21.73 55.58 0.51

87.82 87.17 23.22 63.94 0.65

Total exports 0.17 Hard coal 0.17 Coking coal .. Steam coal .. Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

-

-

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

0.65 0.61 .. .. 0.04

4.96 4.84 3.87 e 0.97 e 0.12

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.204 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Korea 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Hard Coal

2169

5032

23729 e

63724 e

78963

76758

79707

88285

99585

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

2009 1150 409 450 -

3987 2277 828 882 -

11287 5053 2026 2908 -

19575 10641 4097 1419 -

21808 12442 4206 533 33

20627 11664 4315 901 -

20081 11677 4089 120 -

22532 14362 5034 252 -

24083 14856 5072 1132 -

-

-

3638 956 -

3258 489 -

3096 1099 -

2172 712 -

2341 49 633 -

160 -

1045 800 15 230 -

e e

57155 17695 280 530 242

56131 19207 4 365 56

59626 17344 766 538 3

65753 14799 1059 71 7

75502 23347 1450 44 -

Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other 160 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

-

20210 e 5277 e 2503 e 2197 e 68 e -

20351 13457 4087 513 -

17580 15382 3018 358 161

15646 20697 3933 635 64

17748 25336 301 5643 755 34

15536 26362 609 6864 1212 78

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

e e e

e

100 e 1200 12442 3506 1250 1235 -

e e e

e

1000 e 397 e 5054 e -

e e e

e

2781 e 209 e 394 e 34 e 44149 12019 1647 166 62

e e e

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.205

Korea 12. COAL IMPORT VALUES BY ORIGIN* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne) 1988

1990

1995

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Coking coal(1)

..

..

..

46.58

68.79

110.75

114.69

105.43

198.33

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former USSR(2)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

46.19 48.65 .. .. .. 44.61 .. .. 48.38

58.24 60.15 .. .. 144.12 111.54 .. .. 82.15

106.89 106.32 .. .. 138.42 121.09 .. .. 124.34

112.87 125.78 .. .. 135.17 108.61 .. .. 95.28

103.16 109.12 .. .. 123.05 107.69 .. .. 102.14

212.42 225.52 .. .. 301.67 275.89 .. .. 280.59

.. .. .. 29.39 48.21 55.76 51.73 Imports from: Australia .. .. .. 29.95 48.77 58.85 54.91 Canada .. .. .. 31.81 58.71 95.90 59.40 Czech Republic .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Poland .. .. .. .. .. .. .. United States .. .. .. .. 30.33 31.96 32.11 China .. .. .. 29.66 51.54 59.44 56.63 Colombia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. South Africa .. .. .. 24.21 .. .. .. Former USSR(2) .. .. .. 30.68 57.14 58.14 54.19 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs.

61.19

88.66

60.28 67.51 .. .. 29.67 69.56 .. 71.15 71.32

93.33 83.70 .. .. 95.92 113.59 .. 76.36 116.34

Steam coal(3)

(1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former USSR until 1991, Russia starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.206 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Luxembourg* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 7

120

6

100

5

80

4

60

3 40 2 20 1 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 4.5

4.5

4.0

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.0

2.0

1.5

1.5

1.0

1.0

0.5

0.5

0.0

0.0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1977

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 4.0

18

3.5

16 14

3.0

12

2.5

10 2.0 8 1.5

6

1.0

4

0.5

2

0.0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001 Other

2007

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.207

Luxembourg 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

TPES (Mtce) 6.33 5.08 Coal and peat 3.48 2.61 Oil 2.29 1.48 Gas 0.31 0.61 Comb. renew/waste 0.03 Nuclear Hydro 0.01 0.01 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) 0.25 0.35 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

4.88 1.62 2.12 0.61 0.04 0.01 0.48 -

4.74 0.18 2.82 0.96 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.70 -

6.15 0.16 3.68 1.76 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.44 -

6.03 0.11 3.54 1.72 0.14 0.01 0.01 0.49 -

5.90 0.08 3.59 1.56 0.11 0.01 0.01 0.53 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 -1.53 -4.40 -0.45 4.05 2.37 3.95 -

1.26 -14.46 3.08 6.24 8.52 2.58 0.04 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

7 8 12 20 26 0.90 0.66 0.39 0.23 0.24 Population (millions) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 TPES/population(1) 18.04 13.97 12.76 10.79 13.01 TPES/GDP(2) 385.8 284.4 168.2 100.0 102.4 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 5603.2 3853.7 1475.8 100.0 69.4 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 150.1 166.2 118.9 100.0 89.9 Elec. generation (TWh) 1 1 1 0 4 Industrial production(2) 63.7 55.4 79.5 100.0 122.5 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

27 0.22 0.5 12.56 95.3 47.6 87.9 3 117.5

28 0.21 0.5 12.12 91.2 32.5 .. 3 112.5

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 3.40 -4.77 0.50 -2.02 -4.77 -7.55 -1.36 -4.62 1.31

4.70 -3.28 1.35 -0.10 -3.28 -18.29 -1.76 10.08 2.33

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE*

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries (1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.208 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Luxembourg 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

4.10 1.40 2.09 0.25 0.36 -

3.87 1.49 1.44 0.51 0.44 -

4.00 0.78 2.11 0.60 0.51 -

4.64 0.18 2.81 0.89 0.02 0.00 0.70 0.04

5.73 0.12 3.81 0.93 0.02 0.00 0.76 0.09

5.73 0.16 3.68 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.80 0.09

5.65 0.11 3.55 1.02 0.07 0.00 0.82 0.08

-0.15 -3.36 0.05 5.21 1.99 -

2.05 -10.71 3.10 3.17 2.85 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

2.94 1.35 1.10 0.20 0.29 -

2.34 1.45 0.24 0.35 0.30 -

1.91 0.77 0.39 0.40 0.35 -

1.37 0.18 0.11 0.59 0.47 0.02

1.35 0.12 0.12 0.60 0.49 0.03

1.46 0.16 0.11 0.62 0.52 0.04

1.47 0.11 0.11 0.68 0.54 0.02

-2.52 -3.22 -5.94 4.17 1.02 -

-1.50 -10.65 -7.10 3.20 2.71 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.33 0.33 -

0.62 0.61 -

1.26 1.25 -

2.23 2.22 -

3.27 3.26 -

3.18 3.17 -

3.12 3.06 -

8.12 8.16 -

5.50 5.40 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.00 0.73 0.05 0.60 0.05

0.01 0.76 0.03 0.51 0.16

0.01 0.71 0.01 0.43 0.20

0.01 0.85 0.00 0.43 0.30

0.00 0.01 0.88 0.00 0.38 0.34

0.00 0.01 0.86 0.00 0.35 0.35

0.05 0.01 0.83 0.33 0.34

3.05 -0.10 -9.72 -1.86 8.04

4.59 0.89 -1.58 3.11

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.03 -

0.06 0.06 -

0.07 0.08 -

0.02 0.00 0.08 0.01 0.13 -

0.02 0.00 0.09 0.05 0.16 -

0.02 0.00 0.09 e 0.05 0.16 -

0.02 0.00 0.09 e 0.05 0.16 -

5.87 -

1.57 4.44 -

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity 0.06 0.08 Heat Non-energy use 0.04 0.06 0.03 Coal and peat Oil 0.04 0.06 0.03 Gas Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.13 0.02 0.02 -

0.16 0.03 0.03 -

0.16 e 0.03 0.03 -

0.16 e 0.02 0.02 -

-1.93 -1.93 -

4.44 -2.77 -2.77 -

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.209

Luxembourg 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

3.5 -0.0

2.6 -0.0

1.6 -

0.2 -

0.2 -

0.1 -

0.1 -

-4.4 x

-14.5 x

Primary supply

3.5

2.6

1.6

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

-4.4

-14.5

Statistical difference

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Total transformation

-1.9 e

-1.1 e

-0.8 e

-

-

-

..

-5.1

-

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.4 -0.4 -

-0.2 -0.2

-0.2 -0.2

-

-

-

.. .. ..

-3.7 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-1.5 e -1.5 e -

-0.8 e -0.8 e -

-0.6 e -0.6 e -

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-5.5 -5.5 -

-

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.1

-0.1

-0.0

-

-

-

..

x

x

1.4

1.5

0.8

0.2

0.2

0.1

..

-3.4

-10.7

1.3 1.3 -

1.5 1.3 e 0.1 -

0.8 0.6 e 0.2 -

0.2 0.0 0.1 -

0.2 0.0 0.1 -

0.1 0.0 0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-3.2 -4.5 -

-10.7 -14.3 -4.9 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

-

.. .. ..

-9.7 -9.7

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.210 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Luxembourg 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

0.50 0.50 0.50 0.01 -

0.35 0.02 0.02 0.33 0.22 0.11 0.01 -

0.20 0.20 0.04 0.16 0.00 -

0.17 0.17 0.04 0.13 -

0.11 0.11 0.03 0.08 -

0.15 0.15 0.05 0.10 -

0.11 0.11 0.04 0.07 -

-7.48 -7.45 -19.27 -12.55 -

-3.42 -3.39 0.87 -5.09 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries (1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.211

Luxembourg 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. 131.80 ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. x .. .. ..

.. x .. .. 134.97

.. x 94.73 .. ..

.. x x 130.60 ..

.. x x 152.43 ..

.. x x .. ..

.. x x .. ..

.. x x .. ..

.. x x .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. 131.73 ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

Steam coal .. .. Coking coal x x High sulphur fuel oil .. .. Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas .. 125.81 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

.. x 108.26 .. ..

.. x x 195.34 ..

.. x x 169.16 ..

.. x x .. ..

.. x x .. ..

.. x x .. ..

.. x x .. ..

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

3.49 0.30 .. .. 3.19

2.63 0.36 0.36 0.02 2.26

1.62 0.20 0.20 1.42

0.18 0.17 0.17 0.01

0.13 0.13 0.13 0.01

0.12 0.11 0.11 0.01

0.16 0.15 0.15 0.00

0.11 0.11 0.11 0.00

0.08 0.07 0.07 0.01

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal .. Steam coal .. Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

-

-

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.212 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Luxembourg 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

495

364

197

171

129

111

153

109

74

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

495 299 12 1 6

364 75 50 171 23

197 1 34

171 5 52

129 7 60

111 3 59

153 4 97

109 1 57

74 1 73

125 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other 52 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

45 -

138 24 -

114 -

62 -

49 -

52 -

51 -

-

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.213

Mexico* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 350

300

300

250

250 200 200 150

150

100

100

50

50 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 16

16

14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1977

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 500

300

450 250

400 350

200

300 250

150

200 100

150 100

50

50 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001

2007

Other

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.214 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Mexico 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

TPES (Mtce) 75.10 135.88 173.09 Coal and peat 2.62 3.38 4.95 Oil 46.39 92.07 114.52 Gas 14.99 27.33 33.03 Comb. renew/waste 8.87 9.82 10.49 Nuclear 1.09 Hydro 1.99 2.07 2.88 Geothermal 0.20 1.12 6.29 Solar, wind, tide 0.00 Net electricity trade(1) 0.04 0.08 -0.17 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

210.62 9.78 127.06 47.87 11.35 3.06 4.07 7.25 0.06 0.11 -

250.14 13.24 139.84 69.37 11.66 4.05 3.73 8.21 0.14 -0.10 -

263.23 13.00 149.90 72.20 11.77 3.88 3.35 9.09 0.19 -0.14 -

266.07 10.74 151.49 74.84 11.81 3.65 4.78 8.67 0.24 -0.14 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 5.03 3.81 5.46 4.76 0.99 2.21 22.57 -

2.50 5.84 1.60 4.71 0.68 7.73 0.89 2.19 47.77 -0.90 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

245 378 453 637 732 0.31 0.36 0.38 0.33 0.34 Population (millions) 53.3 65.7 81.3 98.3 104.7 TPES/population(1) 1.41 2.07 2.13 2.14 2.39 TPES/GDP(2) 92.8 108.6 115.6 100.0 103.3 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 69.8 58.2 71.2 100.0 117.8 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 50.7 59.3 87.0 100.0 102.4 Elec. generation (TWh) 37 67 124 204 250 Industrial production(2) .. 56.5 67.3 100.0 105.9 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

755 0.35 105.7 2.49 105.4 112.1 102.1 257 108.5

765 0.35 106.6 2.50 105.1 91.3 .. 258 107.8

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 3.68 1.30 2.51 2.46 1.30 0.12 3.23 7.36 -

3.06 -0.54 1.56 0.92 -0.54 2.70 0.95 4.38 2.85

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

2.47 -

2.48 -

2.37 2.46 -

1.77 5.96 -

1.53 6.51 -

1.65 6.92 -

1.51 6.35 -

-0.34 -

-2.12 6.26 -

Mt: Coking coal 3.09 3.09 2.96 2.21 1.91 2.06 1.89 Steam coal 3.97 9.13 9.57 10.46 9.59 Brown coal Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

-0.34 -

-2.12 5.86 -

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.215

Mexico 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

56.77 1.96 31.69 10.38 8.87 3.88 -

94.17 2.29 56.70 18.34 9.82 7.02 -

123.57 2.22 78.31 20.23 10.49 12.31 -

139.83 1.97 86.05 21.64 10.19 0.06 19.92 -

150.94 2.50 95.73 19.69 10.27 0.12 22.62 -

157.37 2.75 100.02 20.96 10.05 0.13 23.45 -

163.95 2.83 104.75 21.98 10.10 0.15 24.13 -

4.68 0.75 5.47 4.00 0.99 7.03 -

1.68 1.44 1.73 0.49 -0.22 4.04 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

20.16 1.96 5.00 9.09 1.89 2.22 -

31.75 2.29 8.61 14.93 2.20 3.71 -

39.55 2.19 12.85 15.46 2.49 6.56 -

42.56 1.97 10.95 15.76 1.66 12.22 -

38.97 2.50 7.22 14.28 1.83 13.15 -

39.54 2.75 6.67 14.85 1.62 13.64 -

41.44 2.83 7.57 15.25 1.68 14.11 -

4.04 0.66 5.71 3.17 1.62 6.57 -

0.28 1.53 -3.07 -0.08 -2.28 4.61 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

17.72 17.68 -

32.57 32.52 -

42.06 41.96 -

50.34 49.30 0.91

63.98 62.80 1.04

68.78 67.20 1.44

72.65 70.84 1.67

5.21 5.22 -

3.27 3.13 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.04 12.27 3.68 0.56

0.05 15.94 6.42 0.67

0.10 21.08 9.41 1.16

0.13 24.71 10.91 0.84

0.15 25.91 10.57 1.23

0.15 26.57 10.99 1.20

0.15 26.62 10.82 1.25

4.91 3.23 5.68 4.40

2.33 1.38 0.82 0.46

6.98 1.06 1.00 1.00 -

7.62 1.23 2.80 1.84 -

8.01 2.51 3.21 1.88 -

8.53 4.44 4.97 2.47 0.27

8.45 5.67 5.29 2.29 0.29

8.43 5.94 5.47 2.38 0.31

8.42 6.13 5.53 2.36 0.32

0.81 5.17 7.08 3.75 -

0.30 5.40 3.25 1.36 -

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity 0.97 1.34 Heat Non-energy use 3.36 7.12 13.44 Coal and peat 0.03 Oil 2.63 4.39 9.79 Gas 0.73 2.73 3.61 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.06 2.16 13.27 9.41 3.85

0.12 2.59 12.25 9.40 2.85

0.13 2.65 12.25 9.09 3.16

0.15 2.70 12.81 9.31 3.50

8.50 8.04 9.89

4.23 -0.28 -0.30 -0.19

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.216 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Mexico 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

2.2 0.4 0.1

2.5 0.9 -0.1 0.1

4.8 0.3 -0.0 -0.2

7.7 2.4 -0.0 -0.4

8.0 5.7 -0.0 -0.5

8.6 4.1 -0.0 0.4

7.9 3.3 -0.0 -0.5

4.8 -0.9 x

3.4 15.8 0.5 x

Primary supply

2.6

3.4

5.0

9.8

13.2

13.0

10.7

3.8

5.8

Statistical difference

-0.1

-0.2

0.1

-

-

1.0

..

x

x

Total transformation

-0.5

-0.9

-2.8

-7.8 e

-10.4

-11.1

..

10.3

8.6

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.1 -0.1 -

-

-2.6 -2.6 -

-6.8 -6.2 -0.6

-10.1 -10.0 -0.2

-10.9 -10.7 -0.1

.. .. ..

23.5 23.5 -

8.8 8.7 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.4 -0.4 -

-0.9 -0.9 -

-0.2 -0.2 -

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 -

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-6.0 -6.0 -

3.2 -2.1 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-0.9 e -0.7 e -0.2 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.1

-0.0

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

-1.6

-2.1

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

2.0

2.3

2.2

2.0

2.8

2.8

..

0.7

1.4

2.0 2.0 -

2.3 2.3 -

2.2 1.9 0.0 -

2.0 1.7 e 0.0 -

2.8 2.3 0.2 -

2.8 2.4 0.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

0.7 -0.1 -

1.5 1.3 11.0 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. ..

-

-

Non-energy use 0.0 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

-

-

-

..

-

-

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.217

Mexico 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

-

-

3.97 3.97 3.97 -

11.36 9.57 9.57 1.79 -

16.88 14.92 14.92 1.77 0.19 0.19 -

16.62 14.70 14.70 1.66 0.26 0.26 -

16.46 14.66 14.66 1.49 0.31 0.31 -

-

8.73 7.99 7.99 -

4.05 3.97 -

3.97 3.98 -

2.91 2.89 -

0.93 0.93 -

0.68 0.68 -

0.84 0.84 -

1.02 1.02 -

-2.72 -2.61 -

-5.99 -5.95 -

-

0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

-

-

Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries (1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.218 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Mexico 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. 7.91 10.62

33.41 10.63 13.90

48.20 38.05 68.39

48.69 86.20 116.69

56.83 99.50 213.88

62.69 122.84 282.94

64.79 174.80 264.12

70.26 174.33 245.99

80.19 306.50 328.91

x .. 7.91 .. 10.53

x .. 10.63 .. 13.90

x .. 38.05 .. 68.39

x .. 86.29 .. 116.69

x .. 100.11 .. 233.87

x .. 124.96 .. 277.77

x .. 176.42 .. 266.91

x .. 179.05 .. 269.96

x .. 296.70 .. 336.89

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Mexican pesos / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. 0.26 0.31

0.50 0.35 0.41

89.48 156.54 249.77

300.80 1180.30 1418.28

419.01 1625.80 3102.12

446.18 1937.60 3961.39

461.72 2760.51 3702.49

501.85 2759.54 3456.47

584.57 4951.42 4716.55

Steam coal x x Coking coal .. .. High sulphur fuel oil 0.26 0.35 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas 0.31 0.41 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

x .. 156.54 .. 249.77

x .. 1181.46 .. 1418.28

x .. 1635.69 .. 3392.06

x .. 1970.92 .. 3889.13

x .. 2786.06 .. 3741.57

x .. 2834.26 .. 3793.16

x .. 4793.10 .. 4830.93

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

0.39 0.25 .. .. 0.14

0.92 0.81 0.81 0.12

0.34 0.22 0.22 0.11

2.43 1.85 1.85 0.00 0.57

3.48 3.00 3.00 0.00 0.48

5.89 5.53 5.53 0.00 0.35

5.68 5.38 5.38 0.00 0.29

4.07 3.82 3.82 0.00 0.25

3.33 3.03 3.03 0.00 0.30

Total exports 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 Hard coal 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Coking coal .. 0.00 Steam coal .. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1) 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00

0.00 0.00

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.219

Mexico 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Hard Coal

570

823

228

2432

4092

7262

7622

5459

4246

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

570 470 -

823 723 -

228 122 6 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

100

100

100

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2432 1074 538 697 -

4092 2055 1033 942 -

7262 5326 579 1021 222

7622 6379 511 369 140

5459 4624 279 505 -

4246 647 323 1192 -

Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

-

-

1 66 56 -

20 9 33 -

3 111 -

2 193 28 -

2 49 -

830 131 1123 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.220 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Netherlands* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 120

250

100

200

80

150

60 100 40 50 20 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 30

14

25

12 10

20 8 15 6 10

4

5

2

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1977

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 200

120

180 100

160 140

80

120 100

60

80 40

60 40

20

20 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001 Other

2007

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.221

Netherlands 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

TPES (Mtce) 88.57 91.95 Coal and peat 4.10 5.42 Oil 43.52 41.22 Gas 40.71 43.46 Comb. renew/waste 0.32 Nuclear 0.41 1.56 Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) -0.17 -0.04 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

93.82 12.76 33.25 44.00 1.34 1.30 0.01 0.01 1.13 -

104.50 11.50 36.99 49.57 2.48 1.46 0.02 0.15 2.32 -

109.44 11.32 41.07 48.93 3.80 1.29 0.01 0.39 2.64 -

114.89 12.07 47.05 47.59 3.97 1.56 0.01 0.48 2.16 -

113.74 11.44 44.17 49.48 4.57 1.55 0.01 0.58 1.93 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 0.34 6.91 -1.57 0.46 7.00 -

1.20 -0.33 2.06 0.46 6.57 1.07 1.36 25.59 3.88 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

188 224 282 385 425 0.47 0.41 0.33 0.27 0.26 Population (millions) 13.4 14.1 14.9 15.9 16.3 TPES/population(1) 6.59 6.50 6.28 6.56 6.70 TPES/GDP(2) 173.4 151.4 122.6 100.0 94.9 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 72.9 81.0 151.5 100.0 89.2 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 92.6 100.8 102.5 100.0 98.0 Elec. generation (TWh) 53 65 72 90 98 Industrial production(2) 69.0 77.0 81.8 100.0 106.5 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

440 0.26 16.4 7.02 96.3 91.9 95.5 103 108.9

449 0.25 16.5 6.88 93.4 85.4 .. 108 110.2

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 2.41 -2.02 0.63 -0.29 -2.02 4.40 0.60 1.86 1.01

2.65 -1.41 0.54 0.66 -1.41 -2.90 -0.41 2.15 1.70

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE*

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries (1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.222 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Netherlands 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

68.07 1.55 33.52 27.56 5.45 -

71.14 1.11 28.34 34.64 7.05 -

70.64 1.97 25.82 32.85 0.52 0.00 9.03 0.44

79.77 1.18 29.70 32.95 0.53 0.02 12.03 3.36

86.18 1.33 35.31 31.85 0.56 0.03 12.84 4.26

82.29 1.24 32.65 31.22 0.66 0.03 13.02 3.46

86.76 1.32 38.33 29.49 1.05 0.03 13.13 3.41

0.22 1.44 -1.52 1.04 3.02 -

1.22 -2.34 2.35 -0.63 4.19 14.14 2.22 12.84

19.30 1.09 3.79 11.63 2.79 -

17.59 0.99 3.63 9.52 3.45 -

16.15 1.58 1.12 9.30 0.06 4.08 -

17.97 0.77 2.29 8.20 0.10 4.99 1.62

20.27 0.89 3.00 8.21 0.16 5.11 2.90

17.60 0.86 1.40 7.90 0.19 5.11 2.14

17.41 0.91 1.55 7.68 0.19 5.20 1.89

-1.04 2.21 -6.90 -1.31 2.26 -

0.44 -3.22 1.91 -1.12 7.01 1.43 -

9.33 9.22 -

10.85 10.73 -

12.70 12.54 -

15.67 15.47 -

16.45 16.25 -

17.09 16.84 0.00

17.30 16.66 0.00

1.83 1.82 -

1.84 1.69 -

0.11 18.66 0.34 6.77 10.21

0.12 20.25 0.07 2.01 16.31

0.16 14.19 0.03 0.35 11.23

0.20 14.72 0.01 0.08 11.38

0.20 14.43 0.01 0.11 10.74

0.06 0.20 14.30 0.01 0.13 10.53

0.44 0.19 13.19 0.01 0.08 9.47

2.09 -1.60 -12.77 -16.03 0.56

1.25 -0.43 -9.56 -8.01 -0.99

1.35 2.74 1.53 -

1.86 2.52 1.07 0.04

0.40 0.00 2.03 0.15 8.44 0.04 0.90 4.76

0.34 0.01 2.68 0.21 10.55 0.03 0.41 5.26

0.33 0.02 2.98 0.24 10.65 0.04 0.55 5.10

0.33 0.02 3.05 0.23 11.18 0.03 0.49 5.98

0.33 0.03 2.98 0.29 10.46 0.04 0.36 5.21

2.44 6.85 -3.07 -

-1.19 20.46 2.30 3.91 1.27 0.73 -5.31 0.54

Comb. renew/waste 0.06 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide 0.00 Electricity 1.20 1.41 2.54 Heat 0.14 Non-energy use 10.80 12.36 14.03 Coal and peat 0.32 Oil 10.80 9.87 10.47 Gas 2.49 3.25 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.08 0.00 3.72 1.04 14.67 0.37 10.72 3.58

0.07 0.00 3.85 1.04 18.62 0.39 14.71 3.51

0.07 0.00 3.83 0.78 16.48 0.34 13.09 3.05

0.07 0.00 3.86 0.92 22.00 0.36 18.50 3.13

4.50 1.55 -0.19 -

0.56 3.78 2.50 11.91 2.68 0.82 3.41 -0.22

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.223

Netherlands 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

1.6 4.2 -2.0 0.3

7.3 -2.0 0.1

16.8 -3.3 -0.7

20.5 -8.7 -0.2

21.1 -9.5 -0.3

23.2 -10.6 -0.5

17.0 -5.9 0.4

8.5 2.9 x

1.9 7.2 x

Primary supply

4.1

5.4

12.8

11.5

11.3

12.1

11.4

6.9

-0.3

Statistical difference

0.1

0.1

-0.6

-0.1

-0.2

-

..

x

x

..

10.7

0.4

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Total transformation

-1.8 e

-4.1 e

-9.9 e

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-1.1 -1.1 -

-2.6 -2.4 -0.2

-8.3 -8.2 -0.1

-8.2 -8.2 -0.0

-7.7 -7.7 -0.0

-8.3 -8.3 -0.0

.. .. ..

12.5 12.4 -

-0.0 0.1 -12.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.6 e -0.8 e 0.2 0.0

-1.6 e -1.2 e -0.4 -

-1.6 e -1.5 e -0.1 -

-1.8 e -1.6 e -0.2 -

-1.9 e -1.7 e -0.2 -

-2.2 e -2.0 e -0.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

5.4 3.3 -

2.0 1.9 3.4 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-10.0 e

-9.6 e

-10.5 e

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.9

-0.3

-0.3

-0.3

-0.3

-0.3

..

-5.5

-1.2

-0.1

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

1.5

1.1

2.0

1.2

1.2

1.3

..

1.4

-2.3

1.1 0.7 0.2 0.0 -

1.0 0.6 0.2 0.2 -

1.6 0.9 e 0.4 0.1 0.0

0.8 0.6 0.1 0.1 -

0.9 0.8 e 0.0 -

0.9 0.8 e 0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

2.2 1.6 2.8 10.5 -

-3.2 -0.8 -2.9 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.5 0.3

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

.. .. ..

-10.1 -12.8

-2.5 0.7 -9.6

Non-energy use 0.3 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.4

0.3

0.4

..

-

0.8

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.224 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Netherlands 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes) 1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1.85 1.70 1.59 0.11 0.01 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.07 -

2.45 2.40 2.26 0.14 0.01 0.07 0.06 0.01 0.07 -

9.64 8.72 8.69 0.03 0.48 0.36 0.03 0.00 0.09 0.06 0.01

8.88 8.59 8.59 0.11 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.01

8.31 8.27 8.27 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.03 -

8.26 8.23 8.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 -

8.74 8.68 8.68 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.03 -

14.74 14.59 15.21 -9.75 19.17 17.55 22.79 -0.98 -

-0.57 -0.03 -0.01 -14.17 -18.59 -5.65 -4.17 -

2.95 3.28 -

3.52 3.67 -

4.39 3.85 0.62 0.06 0.06 -

4.05 3.01 1.05 0.00

4.70 3.16 1.47 0.07 0.05 0.02 0.00

4.39 3.05 1.29 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.00

4.70 3.11 1.56 0.03 0.03 0.00

3.36 1.33 -

0.40 -1.25 5.58 -3.38 -3.38 -

0.07 0.16 0.07 0.07 0.15 0.06 0.07 0.15 0.06 0.00 0.01 Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

0.04 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.02 -

0.05 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.02 -

0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 -

0.06 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.03 -

0.12 -0.95 -1.23 -

-1.02 -3.26 -4.41 7.65 8.76 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.225

Netherlands 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

40.99 65.34 61.49

63.99 138.04 126.93

71.37 .. 103.23

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

57.76 105.55 71.09 .. 68.25

62.94 131.85 133.96 .. 113.74

62.74 154.34 131.18 .. 97.42

.. .. x 156.50 129.53

.. .. x 199.49 ..

.. .. x 255.43 ..

.. .. x 295.94 ..

.. .. x 323.99 ..

.. .. x 416.14 ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

40.25 89.46 77.63

57.72 173.60 147.20

58.95 .. 109.63

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

Steam coal 56.72 56.77 Coking coal 100.69 115.53 High sulphur fuel oil 97.33 168.47 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas 86.17 131.91 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

51.82 123.84 151.08 .. 103.46

.. .. x 236.75 180.69

.. .. x 223.91 ..

.. .. x 286.69 ..

.. .. x 328.86 ..

.. .. x 329.76 ..

.. .. x 396.87 ..

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

4.20 3.52 .. .. 0.01 0.66

7.32 6.38 3.15 3.23 0.11 0.84

16.78 16.19 4.51 11.68 0.05 0.54

20.46 19.60 4.76 14.84 0.03 0.83

20.81 20.32 4.88 15.44 0.03 0.46

18.61 18.12 4.88 13.24 0.03 0.46

21.13 20.46 4.46 16.00 0.03 0.64

23.20 22.58 4.27 18.31 0.04 0.58

16.96 16.71 4.27 12.43 0.03 0.22

Total exports 1.99 2.02 3.26 8.71 8.55 6.73 9.55 Hard coal 1.07 1.33 2.31 7.89 8.20 6.37 8.63 Coking coal .. 0.04 0.92 0.39 0.23 0.04 Steam coal .. 1.30 2.31 6.97 7.81 6.14 8.59 Brown coal / lignite 0.00 0.00 Peat Coal products(1) 0.93 0.68 0.95 0.82 0.35 0.36 0.92 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

10.62 10.04 10.04 0.58

5.88 5.51 0.02 5.49 0.37

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.226 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Netherlands 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Hard Coal

5038

7156

17440

22295

22603

20415

22844

26035

19083

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

2853 961 89 782 376 644 1

3399 382 114 670 482 1749 1

4603 449 426 462 98 3110 4

4864 1903 366 319 1620 1

4988 655 1500 1 1417 73

4987 1346 902 1364 99

4558 1437 607 1 1274 -

4366 1097 610 1237 11

4369 579 584 1739 71

-

1

1 6 46 1 -

10 441 204 -

91 11 296 943 1

359 204 713 -

384 815 40 -

326 26 1059 -

248 17 1023 20 88

2185 529 55 62 703 264 166 14 10

3757 792 68 706 460 156 1053 63

12837 5176 72 1043 3023 237

17431 1110 19 1246 9 1242 365

17615 745 140 177 180 1 406 167

15428 439 43 97 68 290 239

18286 390 2 29 237 16 163 210

21669 660 169 21 136 1087 1052

14714 256 91 96 61 1389 742

309 57 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other 16 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

459 -

152 1514 133 1436 32 19 -

271 4795 2644 5269 174 90 158 39

143 4424 1784 8305 973 1 169

83 5703 992 6084 1250 33 107

62 5923 3152 6430 1419 141 92 20

48 7500 1866 6838 2081 108 103 -

155 5634 1186 4418 645 41 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.227

Netherlands 10. COKING COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

13

39

-

938

395

236

45

-

23

13 13 -

39 9 27 3 -

-

938 10 928 -

393 103 7 195 88 -

236 236 -

27 4 23 -

-

23 23 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

18 18

-

-

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

-

-

-

2

-

-

-

-

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.228 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Netherlands 11. STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

475

1508

2512

8184

8897

7138

9813

11882

6486

475 231 9 228 5 2 -

1493 575 59 146 87 409 1 4 24 121 67 -

2448 469 2 2 261 1410 48 7 3 26 7 213 -

8158 1 149 316 7041 3 53 309 19 267 -

8781 72 117 28 1406 6406 3 228 49 472 -

7114 4 38 18 67 309 1291 4599 71 60 33 1 172 6 17 13 415 -

9703 1 36 41 95 7 1532 7315 60 48 45 9 7 165 14 39 11 278 -

11837 59 27 138 937 9770 67 15 65 6 50 146 13 16 8 520 -

6385 79 147 1248 4113 50 3 20 56 165 157 15 21 311 -

-

5 5 -

64 61 3 -

-

-

24 3 21

110 16 13 81

45 15 3 1 26

101 5 11 15 25 45

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

10

-

26

116

-

-

-

-

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.229

Netherlands 12. COAL IMPORT VALUES BY ORIGIN* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne) 1988

1990

1995

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Coking coal(1)

62.90

60.87

53.77

63.00

78.99

104.06

125.70

125.84

187.06

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former USSR(2)

61.99 46.53 .. 50.54 57.37 .. .. 41.29 50.79

60.19 59.41 .. 60.71 51.33 46.96 50.24 47.62 ..

56.87 54.78 .. 55.46 57.65 39.24 .. .. 33.59

64.81 61.32 .. .. 68.56 129.95 .. 48.99 64.70

86.94 76.24 .. .. 86.30 .. 76.73 .. 68.97

101.15 100.14 .. .. 108.36 352.78 130.59 .. 95.25

126.33 143.55 .. .. 127.21 127.00 .. .. 88.14

127.31 131.67 .. .. 128.72 269.39 .. .. 91.41

191.72 220.98 .. .. 159.55 242.43 .. .. 155.18

39.52 52.25 43.89 37.27 55.09 68.86 68.57 Imports from: Australia 39.88 52.28 42.39 45.99 70.15 106.55 108.34 Canada .. .. .. 90.34 103.25 144.61 145.81 Czech Republic 63.86 .. .. .. .. .. .. Poland 43.19 55.66 46.60 37.89 70.15 304.89 61.40 United States 43.36 54.91 49.37 35.34 53.90 76.01 100.13 China 38.66 51.46 42.61 38.27 62.91 77.09 .. Colombia 37.43 51.72 40.75 34.28 54.89 65.86 62.25 South Africa 36.10 43.71 41.63 36.35 52.22 65.31 64.04 Former USSR(2) 37.78 47.99 58.39 40.39 74.07 67.64 76.60 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs.

79.12

133.50

102.57 94.31 .. 75.83 88.56 .. 78.24 75.31 79.08

147.93 139.51 .. 161.93 141.08 .. 136.04 130.98 116.75

Steam coal(3)

(1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former USSR until 1991, Russia starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.230 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

New Zealand* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 140

30

120

25

100 20 80 15

60

10

40

5

20 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 6.0

3.5

5.0

3.0 2.5

4.0 2.0 3.0 1.5 2.0

1.0

1.0

0.5 05

0.0

0.0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1977

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 50

40

45

35

40 30 35 30

25

25

20

20

15

15

10

10 5

5

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001 Other

2007

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.231

New Zealand 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

TPES (Mtce) 11.46 12.84 Coal and peat 1.80 1.46 Oil 5.96 5.73 Gas 0.40 1.13 Comb. renew/waste 0.74 Nuclear Hydro 1.76 2.33 Geothermal 1.53 1.46 Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

19.01 1.62 5.02 5.57 0.78 2.87 3.16 -

24.03 1.49 8.15 7.22 1.23 3.00 2.92 0.01 -

23.75 2.99 8.53 4.68 1.54 2.87 3.04 0.09 0.02

23.96 2.18 8.75 5.21 1.58 2.89 3.20 0.13 0.02

24.56 2.54 8.76 4.91 1.48 2.74 3.98 0.14 0.02

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 3.02 -0.64 -1.01 16.69 2.92 4.37 -

1.37 1.78 3.32 -0.38 4.24 0.04 0.08 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

33 33 40 53 64 0.35 0.39 0.48 0.46 0.37 Population (millions) 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.9 4.1 TPES/population(1) 3.86 4.08 5.65 6.23 5.73 TPES/GDP(2) 77.2 85.5 105.1 100.0 80.7 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 196.4 156.6 144.4 100.0 164.0 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 76.7 92.8 109.7 100.0 93.2 Elec. generation (TWh) 19 23 32 39 43 Industrial production(2) .. .. 82.9 100.0 109.9 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

66 0.36 4.2 5.73 79.1 116.3 91.4 44 112.3

66 0.37 4.2 5.84 81.5 135.9 .. 44 111.3

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 1.17 1.83 0.73 2.28 1.83 -1.79 2.13 3.32 -

3.08 -1.66 1.30 0.07 -1.66 -1.27 -1.07 1.82 1.80

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

0.01 1.53 0.07 -

0.18 1.36 0.10 -

0.55 1.35 0.08 -

1.72 1.51 0.10 -

2.84 2.00 0.12 -

1.97 1.92 0.13 -

2.42 1.68 0.12 -

38.38 -1.01 0.89 -

7.78 2.07 2.94 -

Mt: Coking coal 0.01 0.17 0.58 1.64 2.77 1.92 2.35 Steam coal 2.01 1.76 1.85 2.00 2.75 2.65 2.30 Brown coal 0.15 0.21 0.16 0.21 0.25 0.26 0.25 Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

39.12 -0.70 0.54 -

7.33 2.15 2.86 -

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.232 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

New Zealand 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

8.39 1.24 4.99 0.20 1.96 -

9.87 1.15 5.17 0.52 0.63 2.40 -

12.90 0.97 5.63 1.85 0.64 0.39 3.41 -

17.97 0.66 7.44 4.42 0.99 0.32 4.13 -

17.27 0.69 8.50 1.85 1.21 0.33 0.01 4.68 -

17.60 0.75 8.58 2.01 1.19 0.33 0.01 4.72 -

17.76 0.76 8.62 2.05 1.22 0.33 0.01 4.76 -

2.56 -1.46 0.72 13.84 3.33 -

1.90 -1.39 2.54 0.60 3.83 -0.89 1.98 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

2.81 0.98 1.06 0.07 0.69 -

3.44 0.78 0.87 0.38 0.46 0.94 -

4.17 0.79 0.39 0.76 0.55 0.31 1.37 -

4.30 0.50 0.45 0.71 0.71 0.19 1.73 -

4.70 0.52 0.52 0.76 0.93 0.19 1.77 -

4.86 0.55 0.54 0.87 0.92 0.20 1.78 -

5.06 0.57 0.61 0.95 0.94 0.20 1.79 -

2.36 -1.28 -5.72 14.70 4.12 -

1.14 -1.85 2.67 1.30 3.21 -2.65 1.57 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

2.77 2.77 -

3.27 0.00 3.26 0.01

4.23 4.14 0.08

5.98 5.92 0.00

6.95 6.89 0.01

7.05 7.00 0.01

7.09 7.04 0.01

2.51 2.40 -

3.09 3.17 -13.01

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.00 1.29 0.22 0.11 0.04

0.00 1.45 0.19 0.04 0.06

0.01 1.60 0.05 0.02 0.11

0.05 1.98 0.03 0.06 0.22

0.06 2.10 0.03 0.07 0.20

0.04 2.12 0.02 0.08 0.21

0.05 2.13 0.02 0.09 0.17

2.67 1.29 -8.17 -10.85 5.92

11.15 1.70 -6.34 10.69 2.83

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.91 0.73 0.34 0.09

0.17 e 0.99 1.01 0.17 0.36 0.07

0.09 e 0.08 1.26 1.15 0.08 0.23 0.15

0.28 0.00 1.39 1.61 0.11 0.14 0.44

0.27 0.00 0.01 1.52 1.63 0.11 0.17 0.22

0.27 0.00 0.01 1.52 1.59 0.12 0.12 0.15

0.27 0.00 0.01 1.57 1.64 0.13 0.13 0.14

1.91 2.70 -2.28 3.05

6.56 -16.63 1.32 2.10 2.40 -3.20 -0.40

0.01 0.13 0.80 3.46 0.44 3.03

0.01 0.13 0.99 1.02 0.41 0.61

0.01 0.13 1.05 1.16 0.45 0.71

0.01 0.13 1.10 1.14 0.41 0.73

4.95 7.63 1.61 -

11.81 2.81 -0.34 -0.59 -0.19

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

Comb. renew/waste 0.00 0.00 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity 0.30 0.41 0.69 Heat Non-energy use 0.34 0.31 1.20 Coal and peat Oil 0.34 0.31 0.45 Gas 0.75 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.233

New Zealand 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

1.8 -0.0 -0.0

1.6 -0.1 -0.1

2.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.1

3.3 -1.6 -0.2

5.0 0.9 -2.8 -0.1

4.0 0.6 -2.1 -0.3

4.2 0.5 -2.6 0.5

0.4 14.7 x

4.2 29.6 11.6 x

1.8

1.5

1.6

1.5

3.0

2.2

2.5

-0.6

1.8

Statistical difference

-

-0.0

0.0

-0.0

0.1

0.1

..

x

x

Total transformation

-0.6

-0.2

-0.7

-0.8

-2.3

-1.5

..

1.1

4.8

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.5 -0.5 -

-0.2 -0.2 -

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1

-0.8 -0.3 -0.5

-2.5 -1.7 -0.7

-1.6 -0.9 -0.7

.. .. ..

-3.2 -6.3 -

10.2 10.2 10.3

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.4 -0.4 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.1 0.1 -

0.1 0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

22.6 -

-

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Own use

-

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

1.2

1.1

1.0

0.7

0.8

0.8

..

-1.5

-1.4

1.0 0.1 -

0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1

0.8 -

0.5 -

0.5 -

0.6 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.3 -

-1.9 -

-

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.3 0.2

0.4 0.2 0.2

0.2 0.1 0.1

0.2 0.1 0.0

0.2 0.1 0.0

0.2 0.1 0.0

.. .. ..

-2.2 -8.2

0.3 2.4 -6.3

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.234 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

New Zealand 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes) 1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

2.04 0.59 0.59 0.05 0.08 0.83 0.18 0.12 0.03 0.49 0.45 -

1.76 0.30 0.30 0.02 0.08 0.95 0.14 0.10 0.06 0.65 0.36 -

1.78 0.27 0.23 0.04 0.64 0.78 0.78 0.10 -

1.78 0.45 0.43 0.02 0.67 0.50 0.50 0.13 -

3.94 2.42 2.41 0.02 0.80 0.52 0.52 0.14 -

3.91 2.30 2.28 0.02 0.81 0.55 0.55 0.16 -

2.80 1.20 1.17 0.03 0.79 0.59 0.59 0.16 -

-1.10 -6.32 -7.50 -0.50 3.89 -11.72 -

2.68 9.14 9.96 -1.58 1.21 -1.57 -1.57 2.59 -

-

0.01 -

0.22 0.16 0.16 0.02 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.13 0.21 0.21 0.09 0.09 0.13 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.13 0.04 0.11 0.08 Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

0.26 0.18 0.18 0.08 -

0.28 0.22 0.22 0.06 -

0.28 0.22 0.22 0.06 -

0.29 0.23 0.23 0.05 -

3.89 3.10 7.73 5.52 -

1.92 3.61 3.61 -2.39 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.235

New Zealand 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

36.23 c 90.62 .. ..

41.62 c 162.81 .. ..

c c 157.65 .. 61.47

c c 186.64 .. 46.55

c c 192.21 .. 95.92

c c 274.18 .. 129.14

c c 255.71 330.60 145.45

c c 367.96 360.75 162.36

c c 471.57 .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(New Zealand dollars / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

Steam coal 34.00 41.75 Coking coal c c High sulphur fuel oil 126.00 242.00 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas .. .. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

c c 382.75 .. 132.62

c c 595.43 .. 131.94

c c 419.69 .. 186.10

c c 563.70 .. 235.90

c c 570.41 737.46 288.28

c c 724.65 710.45 284.12

c c 972.70 .. ..

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

.. .. -

-

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

-

0.64 0.64 0.64 -

0.80 0.80 0.80 -

0.90 0.90 0.90 -

0.55 0.55 0.01 0.54 0.00 -

0.46 0.46 0.01 0.45 0.00 -

Total exports 0.03 0.07 0.32 1.60 1.97 2.41 2.79 Hard coal 0.07 0.32 1.60 1.97 2.41 2.79 Coking coal .. 0.07 0.32 1.60 1.97 2.41 2.79 Steam coal .. Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1) 0.03 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

2.07 2.07 2.07 -

2.63 2.63 2.63 -

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.236 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

New Zealand 10. COKING COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

11

70

336

1529

1908

2331

2720

2014

2561

11 11 -

70 70 -

285 30 243 12 -

940 122 687 85 46 -

1013 e 1013 e -

1042 e 1042 e -

1216 e 1216 e -

-

-

51 51 -

589 185 313 91 -

895 387 390 118 -

1289 451 467 371 -

1504 526 545 433 -

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

-

-

-

-

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

e e

e e

-

e e

e e

-

e e

e e

431 e 431 e 1583 556 579 448 -

e e

e e

2561

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.237

Norway* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 45

140

40

120

35

100

30 80

25 20

60

15

40

10

20

5 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 4.5

1.8

4.0

1.6

3.5

1.4

3.0

1.2

2.5

1.0

2.0

0.8

1.5

0.6

1.0

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1977

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 160

45

140

40 35

120

30

100

25 80 20 60

15

40

10

20

5

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001

2007

Other

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.238 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Norway 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

TPES (Mtce) 20.37 26.16 Coal and peat 1.30 1.44 Oil 10.76 12.44 Gas 1.24 Comb. renew/waste 0.84 Nuclear Hydro 8.95 10.27 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) -0.64 -0.06 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

30.00 1.23 11.52 2.82 1.47 14.88 -1.95 0.03

36.21 1.54 12.78 5.19 1.95 17.07 0.00 -2.34 0.03

41.50 1.02 14.87 8.81 1.91 14.66 0.08 0.10 0.05

38.37 1.08 13.63 6.32 1.95 16.45 0.11 -1.23 0.06

44.35 1.10 17.25 8.39 1.99 17.15 0.11 -1.70 0.06

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 2.30 -0.31 0.40 3.04 6.81 -

1.46 -0.80 1.00 4.85 1.67 0.59 -2.67 4.96

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

67 91 117 168 192 0.30 0.29 0.26 0.22 0.22 Population (millions) 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.5 4.7 TPES/population(1) 5.14 6.40 7.07 8.06 8.90 TPES/GDP(2) 141.2 133.3 119.2 100.0 100.4 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 212.5 172.5 115.5 100.0 58.1 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 139.3 126.0 127.2 100.0 85.9 Elec. generation (TWh) 73 84 122 140 121 Industrial production(2) 32.1 45.9 71.0 100.0 93.6 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

198 0.19 4.7 8.15 90.0 59.5 85.8 136 92.5

202 0.22 4.7 9.43 102.0 59.8 .. 142 92.9

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 3.33 -0.99 0.40 1.89 -0.99 -3.52 -0.53 3.05 4.79

3.15 -1.64 0.61 0.84 -1.64 -3.83 -2.29 0.68 1.57

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

0.23 0.18 -

0.16 0.13 -

0.29 -

0.61 -

2.30 -

3.83 -

3.15 -

4.31 -

16.38 -

Mt: Coking coal 0.23 0.16 Steam coal 0.18 0.13 0.30 0.63 2.40 4.00 3.28 Brown coal Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

4.68 -

16.38 -

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.239

Norway 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

19.08 1.16 10.44 0.01 7.47 -

22.83 1.24 11.56 0.01 0.84 9.19 -

24.91 1.11 10.52 1.28 11.89 0.11

28.29 1.36 10.72 0.85 1.71 13.46 0.18

29.41 0.96 11.98 1.06 1.51 13.60 0.30

29.10 0.80 12.16 1.11 1.52 13.19 0.32

30.10 0.90 12.71 1.01 1.53 13.59 0.35

1.58 -0.27 0.04 2.78 -

1.12 -1.20 1.12 1.04 0.79 7.32

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

8.34 1.08 2.69 0.00 4.57 -

9.19 1.19 2.83 0.00 0.26 4.91 -

8.62 1.09 1.33 0.55 5.63 0.02

9.91 1.36 1.09 0.25 0.85 6.34 0.03

9.30 0.96 1.07 0.26 0.58 6.39 0.04

8.93 0.80 1.11 0.28 0.57 6.13 0.04

8.99 0.90 1.05 0.28 0.62 6.10 0.04

0.19 0.07 -4.08 1.23 -

0.25 -1.13 -1.34 0.74 0.47 3.20

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

3.28 3.21 -

4.13 4.05 -

4.89 4.79 -

5.92 5.72 0.01

6.67 6.47 0.02

6.78 6.57 0.02

7.19 6.89 0.07

2.38 2.37 -

2.29 2.16 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.06 2.68 0.08 0.63 0.01

0.08 4.55 0.04 1.17 0.00

0.10 5.15 0.01 0.64 -

0.19 5.46 0.00 0.35 0.00

0.18 5.48 0.00 0.34 0.01

0.01 0.19 5.45 0.00 0.34 0.00

0.04 0.19 5.54 0.29 0.01

2.78 3.92 -12.22 0.15 -

3.62 0.44 -4.64 -

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

1.96 0.82 0.01 0.00

0.57 2.77 2.33 0.98 -

0.74 3.72 0.04 2.90 0.49 -

0.82 4.26 0.03 2.92 0.34 0.00

0.90 4.18 0.05 3.36 0.52 0.01

0.91 4.13 0.06 3.29 0.53 0.02

0.83 4.35 0.07 3.54 0.51 0.02

3.84 7.67 22.95 -

0.70 0.92 4.12 1.18 0.26 -

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity 0.81 1.35 2.36 Heat 0.05 Non-energy use 1.58 2.24 2.63 Coal and peat Oil 1.58 2.24 2.63 Gas Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.04 2.42 0.13 2.98 2.38 0.60

0.03 2.59 0.21 3.50 2.75 0.74

0.03 2.49 0.22 3.53 2.77 0.76

0.03 2.73 0.24 3.81 3.18 0.62

6.49 3.03 3.03 -

0.86 10.11 2.20 1.13 -

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.240 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Norway 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

0.4 1.0 -0.1 0.1

0.3 1.3 -0.1 0.0

0.3 1.2 -0.2 -0.0

0.6 1.4 -0.6 0.1

2.3 0.9 -2.2 0.0

3.8 1.0 -3.2 -0.5

3.1 1.1 -3.2 0.1

-2.1 1.3 3.9 x

16.4 -1.0 16.3 x

Primary supply

1.3

1.4

1.2

1.5

1.0

1.1

1.1

-0.3

-0.8

Statistical difference

0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Total transformation

-0.1 e

-0.1 e

-0.1 e

-0.1 e

-0.2 e

-0.1 e

..

-1.2

1.5

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

.. .. ..

3.5 3.5 -

1.7 1.7 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.1 e -0.1 e -0.0 -

-0.1 e -0.1 e 0.0 -

-0.1 e -0.1 e -

-0.1 e -0.1 e -

-0.1 e -0.1 e -

-0.1 e -0.1 e -

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.3 -1.4 -

1.4 1.4 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3) Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.4

0.8

0.9

..

-0.3

-1.2

1.1 0.8 e 0.1 0.1 -

1.2 0.9 e 0.2 0.1 -

1.1 0.8 e 0.2 0.1 0.0

1.4 0.8 e 0.3 0.3 -

0.8 0.4 e 0.2 0.2 -

0.9 0.5 e 0.2 0.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

0.1 -0.6 3.4 1.5 -

-1.1 -2.1 -0.4 2.3 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.1 0.1

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

-

.. .. ..

-9.9 -12.2

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.241

Norway 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

0.42 0.02 0.02 0.35 0.25 0.10 0.00 0.01 -

0.52 0.01 0.01 0.51 0.31 0.12 0.08 0.00 0.01 -

0.75 0.02 0.02 0.74 0.48 0.11 0.14 0.01 0.00 0.01 -

1.04 0.02 0.02 0.96 0.47 0.22 0.27 0.00 0.00 -

0.80 0.03 0.03 0.69 0.31 0.19 0.19 -

0.64 0.03 0.03 0.59 0.28 0.11 0.19 0.00 -

0.68 0.03 0.03 0.64 0.33 0.11 0.20 -

5.00 0.84 0.84 6.54 5.75 1.12 3.44 -2.93 -

-0.58 1.49 1.49 -0.91 -2.18 -0.27 2.09 -

0.41 0.41 -

0.43 0.43 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries (1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.242 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Norway 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

39.79 .. 70.70 .. x

62.32 116.19 141.87 .. x

53.13 93.32 217.89 .. x

.. x x 249.16 x

.. x x .. x

.. x x .. x

.. x x .. x

.. x x .. x

.. x x .. x

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Norwegian crowns / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

Steam coal 200 295 Coking coal .. 550 High sulphur fuel oil 528 998 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas x x Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

319 560 1943 .. x

.. x x 3123 x

.. x x .. x

.. x x .. x

.. x x .. x

.. x x .. x

.. x x .. x

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

0.96 0.40 .. .. 0.56

1.25 0.74 0.27 0.47 0.52

1.20 0.68 0.68 0.52

1.41 0.88 0.88 0.53

1.18 0.73 0.73 0.44

1.01 0.64 0.64 0.37

0.89 0.51 0.51 0.38

1.01 0.58 0.58 0.43

1.06 0.64 0.64 0.42

Total exports 0.13 0.13 0.25 0.55 2.63 1.60 2.17 Hard coal 0.08 0.09 0.24 0.55 2.63 1.60 2.17 Coking coal .. Steam coal .. 0.09 0.24 0.55 2.63 1.60 2.17 Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1) 0.05 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

3.23 3.23 3.23 -

3.19 3.19 3.19 0.00

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.243

Norway 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Hard Coal

450

739

713

919

766

667

528

610

666

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

187 125 62 -

272 80 192 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

263 2 55 29 77 46 38

467 1 29 155 60 153 63

713 32 48 87 181 151 99

919 64 151 169 21 291

766 83 229 95 33 141

667 71 159 103 17 145

528 38 166 21 140

610 3 35 157 72 5 184

666 72 179 44 89 161

16 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

6 -

4 9 97 5 -

36 102 82 3 -

10 105 70 -

30 97 39 3 3

6 72 76 9 -

17 98 33 3 3 -

68 2 50 1

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.244 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Norway 11. STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

77

91

254

574

2741

1666

2266

3371

3328

76 75 1 -

90 87 3 -

253 2 50 87 4 46 3 61 -

570 156 50 330 7 2 25 -

2741 310 93 1972 69 7 2 216 72 -

1666 245 111 994 71 1 214 30 -

2266 129 46 111 1693 73 7 143 64

3371 324 2275 104 19 219 398 32

3328 340 66 137 2148 76 9 71 105 227 6 143 -

-

-

-

4 2 2

-

-

-

-

-

Non-Specified/Other 1 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

1

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.245

Poland* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 200

140

180

120

160 100

140 120

80

100

60

80 60

40

40

20

20 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 200

160

180

140

160

120

140 120

100

100

80

80

60

60 40

40

20

20 0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1977

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 180

500

160

450

140

400 350

120

300

100

250 80

200

60

150

40

100

20

50

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001

2007

Other

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.246 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Poland 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

TPES (Mtce) 132.68 180.89 147.29 Coal and peat 106.71 142.57 112.67 Oil 15.26 23.79 18.62 Gas 8.94 12.53 12.77 Comb. renew/waste 1.81 1.74 3.18 Nuclear Hydro 0.18 0.29 0.17 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) -0.22 -0.03 -0.13 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

127.31 80.43 27.36 14.22 5.81 0.26 0.00 0.00 -0.78 -

138.99 81.67 33.04 17.67 7.66 0.25 0.02 0.03 -1.35 -

138.73 79.62 34.23 17.68 7.49 0.29 0.01 0.06 -0.66 -

140.52 78.35 36.07 17.86 7.99 0.28 0.01 0.10 -0.15 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 0.62 0.32 1.18 2.12 3.37 -0.16 -3.02 -

-0.35 -2.02 3.65 1.93 5.16 3.03 10.11 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

103 e 119 e 118 171 212 1.29 e 1.52 e 1.25 0.74 0.66 Population (millions) 33.4 35.6 38.0 38.3 38.1 TPES/population(1) 3.98 5.08 3.87 3.33 3.65 TPES/GDP(2) 173.6 e 204.5 e 167.7 100.0 88.3 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 221.0 e 255.2 e 203.0 100.0 82.1 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 98.4 e 124.1 e 141.4 100.0 91.1 Elec. generation (TWh) 84 121 134 143 161 Industrial production(2) .. .. 61.0 100.0 145.5 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

226 0.61 38.1 3.64 82.6 75.1 88.0 159 159.4

237 0.59 38.0 3.69 79.9 70.5 .. 154 165.1

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 0.82 -0.20 0.77 -0.15 -0.20 -0.50 2.16 2.81 -

3.88 -4.08 0.01 -0.36 -4.08 -5.68 -2.75 0.98 5.81

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

41.12 125.04 11.03 -

31.71 130.32 9.90 -

28.99 93.12 19.27 -

17.24 67.30 17.32 -

14.69 63.83 17.99 -

13.72 58.50 17.05 -

12.10 56.65 17.65 -

-2.87 -2.43 4.76 -

-4.30 -2.70 -0.72 -

Mt: Coking coal 40.85 31.50 28.79 17.22 14.57 13.64 12.02 Steam coal 151.78 161.63 118.94 86.11 80.65 74.68 72.31 Brown coal 41.01 36.87 67.58 59.48 60.84 57.54 59.57 Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

-2.87 -2.01 4.25 -

-4.30 -2.70 -0.94 -

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.247

Poland 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

86.50 39.99 12.80 7.78 1.16 7.16 17.62

111.44 44.66 18.58 10.94 1.09 10.45 25.73

88.33 24.84 15.82 11.28 2.33 11.82 22.23

83.16 19.00 25.01 11.64 5.55 0.00 12.12 9.84

87.59 16.19 28.26 14.18 5.92 0.02 0.00 12.95 10.08

92.48 17.53 30.00 14.35 6.69 0.02 0.00 13.65 10.25

92.71 16.82 31.15 14.36 6.38 0.01 0.00 14.07 9.92

0.12 -2.76 1.25 2.21 4.19 3.00 1.38

0.29 -2.27 4.07 1.43 6.10 1.03 -4.64

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

37.49 13.46 2.08 5.18 0.24 4.68 11.85

46.00 14.24 2.95 6.12 0.44 6.40 15.85

33.23 9.55 1.34 3.77 0.97 5.25 12.34

25.05 10.76 2.60 3.24 1.41 4.97 2.07

22.20 6.66 2.32 3.98 1.54 5.08 2.63

23.22 6.57 2.21 4.20 2.13 5.26 2.85

23.88 6.87 2.01 4.40 2.12 5.63 2.85

-0.71 -2.00 -2.53 -1.85 8.70 0.68 0.24

-1.92 -1.92 2.41 0.91 4.70 0.41 -8.25

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

12.81 5.23 7.16 -

13.11 2.57 9.94 -

10.38 0.25 9.46 -

13.59 12.93 0.09

17.28 16.38 0.34

19.11 18.07 0.46

21.01 19.98 0.43

-1.23 -16.42 1.65 -

4.23 4.49 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.43 19.71 13.14 e 0.17 0.88

0.59 28.81 17.58 e 0.25 2.06

0.67 25.73 9.46 e 0.06 4.27

0.57 24.55 6.10 1.27 4.36

0.08 0.49 26.18 7.12 1.44 4.61

0.14 0.44 27.61 8.26 1.36 4.73

0.15 0.45 26.02 7.45 1.38 4.53

2.74 1.58 -1.91 -6.21 9.73

-2.30 0.07 -1.40 20.47 0.34

0.81 0.67 4.03 7.90 6.00 e 0.22

0.56 1.32 7.05 10.93 7.96 e 0.49

1.17 2.48 8.28 8.01 4.00 e 0.48

3.24 0.00 2.58 6.99 7.09 0.75 0.56 1.32

3.44 0.01 3.08 6.48 9.18 0.96 0.60 2.33

3.56 0.01 3.20 6.48 9.84 1.10 0.97 2.15

3.24 0.01 3.27 6.14 9.66 1.03 0.78 2.21

2.16 7.98 4.33 0.08 -2.35 4.78

6.17 1.63 -1.74 1.11 -7.67 9.39

0.32 0.00 3.41 0.74 6.22 0.11 3.49 2.62

0.22 0.00 0.00 4.12 0.94 6.46 0.12 3.45 2.88

0.17 0.00 0.00 4.56 0.89 7.26 0.03 4.47 2.76

0.21 0.00 0.00 4.53 0.89 7.15 0.08 4.33 2.74

-6.26 6.01 2.76 1.60 -7.66 2.14 3.75

12.11 3.89 -1.38 1.02 -6.72 2.18 -0.02

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

Comb. renew/waste 0.09 0.06 0.03 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity 0.88 1.18 2.37 Heat 0.71 1.24 1.13 Non-energy use 4.60 6.50 6.02 Coal and peat 1.03 0.60 0.27 Oil 2.10 3.64 3.01 Gas 1.47 2.26 2.74 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.248 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Poland 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

143.9 1.2 -38.5 0.2

171.9 1.0 -30.4 0.0

141.4 0.6 -29.3 0.0

101.9 1.5 -24.8 1.9

96.5 4.8 -22.3 2.7

89.3 5.5 -17.7 2.5

86.4 9.1 -13.5 -3.7

-0.1 -4.2 -1.6 x

-2.7 14.4 -2.9 x

Primary supply

106.7

142.6

112.7

80.4

81.7

79.6

78.3

0.3

-2.0

Statistical difference

-4.7

-9.7

-5.6

0.5

-1.6

-0.8

..

x

x

Total transformation

-59.2 e

-85.4 e

-80.2 e

-59.5 e

-60.6 e

-59.4 e

..

1.8

-1.7

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-52.9 e -36.7 e -16.2 e

-77.0 -53.6 -23.4

-74.9 -56.3 -18.6

-56.2 -53.4 -2.8

-58.4 -55.4 -3.0

-57.0 -54.5 -2.4

.. .. ..

2.1 2.5 0.8

-1.6 -0.2 -11.3

-2.0 e

-1.7

-0.4

-

-

-

..

-9.7

-

-4.3 e 0.0 -3.2 e -1.2 0.1

-6.8 e 0.0 -4.2 e -2.7 0.1

-4.9 e 0.0 -2.9 e -2.0 0.0

-3.3 e 0.0 -1.9 e -1.4 -

-2.3 e -1.5 e -0.8 -

-2.4 e -1.8 e -0.7 -

.. .. .. .. ..

0.8 -2.9 -0.5 2.9 -23.8

-4.0 -2.9 -6.3 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3) Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-2.8 e

-

-2.7

-2.0

-2.4

-1.8

-2.5

..

-2.1

1.5

-0.0 e

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

..

x

x

40.0

44.7

24.8

19.0

17.5

16.8

..

-2.8

-2.3

13.5 2.6 e 0.7 5.2 0.1

14.2 3.4 e 0.7 4.9 0.1

5.2

2.6

0.2

20.3 6.0 e 13.1 e

27.3 8.0 e 17.6 e

14.8 4.0 e 9.5 e

9.6 2.9 e 0.4 3.0 0.1

Non-energy use 1.0 0.6 0.3 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

10.8 3.1 e 1.8 2.1 0.5

6.6 1.8 e 1.1 1.2 0.4

6.9 1.7 e 1.1 1.7 0.3

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.0 0.6 -3.7 -3.2 -1.0

-1.9 -3.1 6.7 -3.3 10.3

-

-

-

..

-16.4

-

8.1 0.7 6.1

10.9 1.1 8.3

9.9 1.0 7.5

.. .. ..

-1.8 -2.4 -1.9

-2.3 -7.7 -1.4

0.1

0.0

0.1

..

-7.7

-6.7

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.249

Poland 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

127.71 84.76 57.61 27.15 1.64 1.49 9.35 0.11 0.36 5.05 0.08 3.76 25.23 0.04

138.51 92.64 64.47 28.17 1.60 1.36 9.82 0.11 0.53 5.01 0.08 4.09 27.31 0.04

102.10 77.55 55.18 22.38 0.08 0.38 6.74 0.05 0.32 3.19 0.07 3.11 14.60 0.01

70.04 51.63 48.60 3.03 9.70 0.79 2.17 2.30 0.68 3.76 8.10 0.01

69.28 50.82 47.98 2.84 5.61 0.26 1.23 1.28 0.55 2.29 8.99 0.09

73.15 53.03 50.09 2.95 5.44 0.36 1.18 1.34 0.49 2.08 10.12 0.02

71.69 52.83 50.51 2.31 5.78 0.32 1.23 1.84 0.40 2.00 9.70 0.09

-1.85 -0.74 -0.36 -1.60 -22.50 -10.73 -2.69 -6.00 -0.96 -3.75 -1.35 -1.55 -4.46 -7.78

-2.06 -2.23 -0.52 -12.50 -0.90 11.56 8.28 -3.19 10.92 -2.59 -2.38 11.78

25.85 .. .. .. 25.30 1.17 .. .. .. .. -

25.27 .. .. .. 25.30 0.93 .. .. .. .. -

18.13 .. .. .. 18.21 0.16 .. .. .. .. -

13.33 0.05 0.00 0.05 12.26 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 -

11.16 0.08 0.08 11.24 -

12.98 0.08 0.08 12.80 -

13.64 0.12 0.12 13.53 -

-2.91 -2.70 -15.08 -

-1.66 -1.73 -

37.71 35.31 67.39 36.91 34.15 66.92 36.45 33.69 66.46 0.46 0.47 0.46 0.26 0.29 0.23 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.08 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.07 0.02 0.06 Non-energy use 0.00 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

59.49 59.11 59.10 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.14 -

61.59 61.08 61.07 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.23 -

60.80 60.23 60.23 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.25 -

57.53 56.90 56.90 0.00 0.23 -

4.96 5.08 5.13 -0.05 -0.87 10.42 -4.76 2.43 0.54 -7.48 -

-0.93 -0.95 -0.91 -30.26 7.97 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.250 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Poland 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

3.31 .. ..

17.03 61.62 ..

38.86 80.55 ..

54.89 124.04 ..

65.19 181.87 ..

69.75 220.42 ..

79.21 253.10 ..

108.70 347.98 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. 35.19

.. .. 61.62 .. 63.43

48.83 39.10 80.60 .. 103.47

65.40 95.31 124.04 141.47 139.55

71.39 114.57 181.87 213.05 174.75

81.68 94.24 220.42 263.98 228.85

96.83 111.17 253.10 305.95 291.69

130.45 222.20 347.98 453.21 413.56

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Polish zlotys / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

0.01 .. ..

10.82 81.90 ..

122.66 489.70 ..

145.87 633.56 ..

153.77 822.85 ..

159.57 957.01 ..

159.66 979.15 ..

190.95 1173.31 ..

Steam coal .. .. Coking coal .. .. High sulphur fuel oil .. .. Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas .. 0.20 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

.. .. 81.90 .. 77.47

167.38 169.55 490.00 .. 578.13

190.02 350.90 633.56 722.55 655.05

198.17 373.05 822.85 963.92 726.60

201.59 295.31 957.01 1146.16 913.15

216.06 309.49 979.15 1183.61 1037.05

253.68 539.11 1173.31 1528.10 1281.49

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

1.17 1.17 .. .. -

1.01 1.01 1.01 -

0.56 0.56 0.56 -

1.46 1.44 1.27 0.17 0.02

2.35 2.13 0.61 1.53 0.22

3.08 2.92 0.62 2.31 0.15

4.80 4.65 1.44 3.22 0.00 0.15

5.51 5.35 2.29 3.06 0.00 0.16

9.13 9.03 3.47 5.56 0.01 0.10

Total exports 38.55 30.38 29.30 24.75 23.73 21.63 22.35 Hard coal 34.32 28.28 25.75 21.23 18.18 16.78 15.85 Coking coal .. 7.31 11.34 5.33 3.08 3.19 3.65 Steam coal .. 20.97 14.41 15.89 15.09 13.60 12.20 Brown coal / lignite 1.37 0.42 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.00 Peat Coal products(1) 2.85 1.67 3.49 3.53 5.55 4.85 6.50 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

17.68 11.18 2.39 8.79 6.50

13.45 7.32 1.58 5.74 0.00 6.13

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.251

Poland 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Hard Coal

1044

1012

560

1452

2328

3372

5271

5924

10085

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

1044 -

1012 -

560 -

1263 500 1

602 571 18 -

610 35 558 17 -

1422 1419 -

2268 1922 302 -

3434 63 1547 1648 -

1044

1012

560

736 26 -

11 1 1

-

3 -

40 4 -

146 30 -

-

-

-

189 11 94 6 1 2

1726 49 4

2762 29 4 4

3849 151 1 -

3656 139 8 2

6651 174 3 5 54 163

Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

-

-

4 7 13 51 -

2 30 1448 193 -

5 56 2390 274 -

10 80 3327 280 -

12 135 3042 318 -

8 359 167 5012 706 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.252 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Poland 10. COKING COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

16042

7235

11226

5290

3036

3151

3601

2363

1563

6619 .. 470 392 .. .. .. .. 1311 .. 54 .. .. .. 1525 429 .. .. .. 376 .. 125 .. 122 .. 1369 71 .. .. 375 ..

3881 .. 467 422 .. .. 1 .. 616 .. 99 .. .. .. 578 214 .. .. .. 312 .. 80 .. 60 .. 628 1 .. .. 403 ..

2570 .. 566 105 .. .. .. 203 254 116 .. .. .. 2 158 .. .. .. .. 98 .. .. .. 40 .. 234 .. .. .. 794 ..

3649 599 214 717 72 131 266 323 53 669 7 494 100 4 -

2999 629 44 462 20 354 246 48 81 997 118 -

2769 520 523 13 148 219 295 48 622 99 212 70

3197 607 944 71 168 154 94 30 914 142 73 -

2363 608 1024 19 16 117 106 448 25 -

1531 385 869 89 188 -

1472 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1472

2327 235 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 145 .. 1947

4576 1249 .. .. .. 284 .. 100 .. 1249 .. 1694

1641 143 529 62 2 2 903

37 37 -

382 355 27

404 70 298 36

-

32 32

Non-Specified/Other 7951 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

1027

4080

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.253

Poland 11. STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

24064

23120

16839

17955

16648

16218

13134

9537

6228

16188 .. 260 105 .. 274 3078 4089 3441 2041 .. .. 331 1437 .. .. .. 264 .. .. .. 174 8 .. 41 645

17103 .. 411 162 .. 2302 3422 3535 2634 1918 .. 12 483 1210 .. .. .. 460 .. .. .. 171 53 .. 43 287

13038 .. 1202 242 .. 2282 972 2609 141 2583 .. .. .. 458 507 .. .. .. .. 1043 .. .. .. .. 16 732 1 .. 250 ..

17117 1213 375 863 2214 1175 1336 6396 1 279 196 913 208 88 5 286 382 146 1040 1

16019 1512 456 781 1071 1265 572 7213 258 9 266 95 191 183 294 45 322 19 1399 68

15736 1187 649 717 837 653 1230 6906 240 9 286 245 222 142 223 250 41 172 66 1614 47

13091 1293 291 945 516 513 692 6298 216 19 235 155 218 160 1 204 37 283 1015 -

9264 1230 1372 353 273 321 4328 143 255 6 70 134 169 39 294 277 -

6193 894 1 889 139 57 3350 103 251 2 124 138 26 54 165 -

29 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 29 .. .. ..

23 .. .. .. .. .. .. 23 .. .. ..

34 .. .. .. .. 16 18 .. .. ..

838 1 16 3 818

628 45 501 82

482 436 46

43 43

273 247 26

35 5 30

Non-Specified/Other 7847 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

5994

3767

-

1

-

-

-

-

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.254 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Portugal* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 40

600

35

500

30 400 25 20

300

15

200

10 100 5 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 6

6

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1977

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 60

70

50

60 50

40

40 30 30 20

20

10

10

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001 Other

2007

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.255

Portugal 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

TPES (Mtce) 9.85 14.27 Coal and peat 0.72 0.61 Oil 7.32 11.42 Gas Comb. renew/waste 0.91 1.03 Nuclear Hydro 0.90 0.98 Geothermal 0.00 Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) -0.00 0.22 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

23.91 3.94 15.29 3.54 1.13 0.00 0.02 0.00 -

35.25 5.44 21.30 2.90 3.96 1.39 0.10 0.05 0.11 -

35.23 4.73 18.45 5.20 4.31 1.35 0.13 0.39 0.67 -

35.81 4.12 18.77 5.44 4.51 1.24 0.28 0.54 0.92 -

34.81 3.62 17.80 5.92 4.47 0.84 0.25 0.75 1.16 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 5.35 10.47 4.43 8.30 1.32 -

2.40 0.27 1.21 1.43 0.57 27.28 23.00 36.66 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

50 62 85 113 119 0.20 0.23 0.28 0.31 0.30 Population (millions) 8.7 9.9 10.0 10.2 10.6 TPES/population(1) 1.13 1.45 2.39 3.45 3.33 TPES/GDP(2) 63.5 74.1 90.2 100.0 94.4 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 30.3 20.4 96.3 100.0 82.1 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 48.4 68.4 81.6 100.0 117.6 Elec. generation (TWh) 10 15 28 43 49 Industrial production(2) 39.7 54.8 87.2 100.0 102.1 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

122 0.29 10.6 3.38 94.1 70.3 118.4 47 104.2

122 0.29 10.5 3.32 91.6 61.7 .. 45 100.0

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 3.20 2.09 0.81 4.51 2.09 7.05 3.12 6.45 4.74

2.15 0.25 0.35 2.05 0.25 -1.83 2.22 3.00 1.06

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE*

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

0.11 -

0.10 -

0.16 -

-

-

-

-

3.78 -

-

-

3.78 -

-

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal 0.18 0.18 0.28 Brown coal Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries (1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.256 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Portugal 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

8.19 0.27 6.02 0.07 0.83 1.00 -

11.30 0.29 8.24 0.07 0.91 1.76 0.03

19.07 0.85 11.87 0.07 3.32 0.02 2.89 0.04

27.77 0.62 17.58 1.19 3.45 0.00 0.03 4.71 0.19

29.19 0.02 17.53 1.87 3.58 0.00 0.03 5.69 0.47

28.10 0.04 16.06 1.91 3.70 0.01 0.03 5.87 0.47

28.72 0.24 16.02 2.06 3.85 0.01 0.04 6.02 0.48

5.09 6.88 4.08 0.46 8.52 6.42 -

2.44 -7.17 1.78 21.54 0.87 5.12 4.41 15.68

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

3.32 0.20 2.03 0.00 0.46 0.63 -

4.76 0.28 3.00 0.00 0.44 1.01 0.03

6.65 0.85 2.58 1.68 1.50 0.04

8.93 0.62 3.42 0.94 1.81 1.96 0.18

8.13 0.02 2.27 1.37 1.92 2.11 0.45

8.13 0.04 2.16 1.38 1.94 2.17 0.45

8.41 0.24 2.02 1.48 2.00 2.21 0.46

4.17 8.98 1.41 7.97 5.26 -

1.39 -7.16 -1.44 1.03 2.30 15.38

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

2.28 0.03 2.23 -

3.23 0.00 3.20 -

4.63 4.60 -

8.53 8.49 0.00

9.08 9.01 0.02

9.13 8.96 0.01

9.09 8.82 0.02

4.26 4.35 -

4.04 3.91 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.03 1.15 0.05 0.50 0.03

0.03 1.47 0.00 0.56 0.03

0.04 3.26 0.00 0.83 0.06

0.04 4.01 0.97 0.14

0.06 4.58 0.97 0.29

0.10 0.06 4.57 0.95 0.29

0.19 0.06 4.59 0.89 0.31

2.09 6.30 -21.02 3.08 3.75

2.83 2.03 0.39 10.33

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.37 0.21 0.36 0.20 0.02

0.47 0.40 0.62 0.01 0.29 0.01

1.64 0.01 0.73 0.86 0.00 0.24 0.02

1.64 0.02 1.24 0.01 1.99 0.48 0.10

1.66 0.02 1.63 0.01 3.12 1.13 0.19

1.66 0.02 1.65 0.01 3.09 0.96 0.22

1.66 0.02 1.70 0.01 3.15 0.95 0.24

9.13 7.73 5.26 0.95 -0.70

0.05 8.93 5.13 7.95 8.49 17.50

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide 0.01 Electricity 0.14 0.31 0.59 Heat Non-energy use 0.54 0.74 3.00 Coal and peat Oil 0.54 0.74 3.00 Gas Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.00 0.01 1.39 0.00 3.29 3.29 -

0.00 0.01 1.77 0.01 3.47 3.47 -

0.01 0.01 1.87 0.01 2.71 2.71 -

0.01 0.01 1.92 0.01 3.11 3.11 -

8.92 10.63 10.63 -

1.93 7.14 0.20 0.20 -

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.257

Portugal 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

0.2 0.4 -0.0 0.1

0.1 0.5 0.0

0.2 4.3 -0.0 -0.5

5.7 -0.1 -0.2

5.0 -0.0 -0.3

4.2 -0.0 -0.0

3.3 -0.0 0.3

-0.8 14.9 -2.2 x

-0.2 0.9 x

Primary supply

0.7

0.6

3.9

5.4

4.7

4.1

3.6

10.5

0.3

Statistical difference

0.1

0.0

-0.0

-0.0

0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Total transformation

-0.5 e

-0.3 e

-3.0 e

-4.8 e

-4.7

-3.9

..

11.7

1.4

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.3 -0.3 -

-0.1 -0.1 -0.0

-2.9 -2.9 -0.0

-4.6 -4.6 -0.1

-4.7 -4.7 -

-3.9 -3.9 -

.. .. ..

14.1 14.1 -

1.7 1.7 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.2 e -0.1 e -0.0 0.0

-0.1 e -0.1 e -0.0 -

-0.1 e -0.1 e -0.0 -

-0.1 e -0.1 e -0.0 -

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.5 -2.3 -0.1 -

-

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

..

0.5

-

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

..

x

x

0.3

0.3

0.8

0.6

0.0

0.2

..

6.9

-7.2

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

0.2 0.1 e 0.0 -

0.3 0.2 e 0.0 0.0 -

0.8 0.1 e 0.0 0.7 -

0.6 0.1 e 0.0 0.4 -

0.0 0.0 0.0 -

0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

9.0 0.9 26.6 -

-7.2 -13.0 1.8 -6.9 -

Transport sector(6)

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.1 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

-

-

-

.. .. ..

-17.7 -21.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

Other sectors

(4)

(5)

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.258 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Portugal 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

0.21 0.17 0.17 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.03 -

0.24 0.21 0.21 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 -

4.08 3.26 3.26 0.82 0.01 0.81 0.00 0.00 -

5.66 5.17 5.17 0.48 0.48 -

5.48 5.44 5.44 0.02 0.02 -

5.47 5.42 5.42 0.04 0.02 0.01 -

4.74 4.44 4.44 0.28 0.01 0.02 0.25 0.00 -

28.21 27.90 27.90 29.73 6.99 32.70 -

0.88 1.84 1.84 -6.15 3.81 -6.67 -7.83 -

0.42 0.00 0.00 0.34 0.06 0.06 0.01 -

0.36 0.31 0.06 0.06 0.01 -

0.31 0.31 -

0.50 0.49 -

-

-

-

-2.48 -0.59 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries (1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.259

Portugal 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

31.26 48.18 x

44.39 94.94 x

58.90 76.31 x

34.67 108.41 ..

65.92 134.54 188.25

77.51 158.83 226.98

66.84 226.75 276.16

87.61 256.80 288.68

158.38 348.80 403.88

.. 175.90 54.80 .. x

.. 243.16 102.26 .. x

.. 52.51 131.62 .. x

37.98 31.67 161.36 170.14 ..

.. .. x 216.14 222.29

.. .. x 282.61 264.71

.. .. x 353.37 310.31

.. .. x 428.51 355.95

.. .. x 575.78 413.72

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

5.97 14.47 x

9.64 32.42 x

36.47 74.30 x

32.81 161.32 ..

46.28 148.53 194.84

54.42 175.35 234.93

46.46 247.84 282.98

55.78 257.09 270.95

94.48 327.20 355.18

Steam coal .. .. Coking coal 38.51 60.53 High sulphur fuel oil 16.46 34.92 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas x x Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

.. 37.27 128.16 .. x

35.94 34.35 240.10 253.17 ..

.. .. x 238.62 230.07

.. .. x 312.00 273.98

.. .. x 386.25 317.98

.. .. x 429.00 334.09

.. .. x 540.11 363.83

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

0.41 0.37 .. .. 0.04

0.50 0.40 0.39 0.01 0.10

4.28 4.27 0.38 3.89 0.01

5.67 5.67 0.49 5.18 -

4.59 4.58 4.58 0.01

4.61 4.60 4.60 0.01

5.00 5.00 5.00 -

4.16 4.16 4.16 0.00

3.33 3.33 3.33 0.00

Total exports 0.02 0.01 0.08 0.01 Hard coal 0.01 Coking coal .. Steam coal .. 0.01 Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1) 0.02 0.01 0.08 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

0.04 0.04 0.04 -

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.260 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Portugal 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Hard Coal

412

398

4669

6367

5247

5272

5782

4782

3829

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

404 8 122 3 257 -

393 1 120 255 10

377 162 40 20 155 -

487 289 198 -

-

-

-

-

-

14

7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

8 3 -

5 2 -

4292 177 1555 4

5880 343 19

5247 129 467 306

5272 222 378 228

5782 202 160

4782 389 223

3829 3 273 228

5 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

3 -

390 2112 54 -

2846 156 2426 90 -

2817 159 1369 -

2314 144 1985 1 -

3239 473 1681 22 5 -

2403 60 1551 126 30 -

2015 153 1101 21 35 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.261

Portugal 12. COAL IMPORT VALUES BY ORIGIN* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne) 1988

1990

1995

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Coking coal(1)

52.73

75.65

55.35

185.30

241.41

231.71

105.53

360.89

..

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former USSR(2)

50.20 51.91 .. 58.18 56.59 .. .. .. ..

.. 73.86 .. 57.60 63.00 .. .. .. ..

51.91 56.95 .. 57.64 .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

49.75 54.62 44.77 37.74 59.36 64.49 58.25 Imports from: Australia 49.03 .. 44.95 40.29 60.28 .. .. Canada .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Czech Republic .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Poland .. .. 39.36 40.36 .. 61.53 .. United States 56.62 59.44 47.42 42.98 60.84 62.53 68.83 China .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Colombia 40.26 54.07 42.91 37.09 63.88 64.93 58.48 South Africa 43.76 49.05 44.07 36.55 55.05 63.24 56.56 Former USSR(2) .. 45.19 42.86 .. .. .. .. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs.

77.76

139.87

.. .. .. .. 91.17 .. 76.29 76.81 ..

.. .. .. .. 98.21 .. 134.97 157.27 ..

Steam coal(3)

(1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former USSR until 1991, Russia starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.262 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Slovak Republic* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 35

120

30

100

25

80

20

60

15 40 10 20 5 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 35

60

30

50

25

1977

40

20 30 15 20

10

10

5

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001 Other

2007

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.263

Slovak Republic 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

TPES (Mtce) 22.17 28.36 Coal and peat 11.37 11.71 Oil 7.70 10.71 Gas 2.23 3.31 Comb. renew/waste 0.27 0.26 Nuclear 0.09 1.68 Hydro 0.16 0.28 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) 0.35 0.41 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

30.47 11.19 6.42 7.27 0.25 4.48 0.23 0.64 -

25.35 6.10 4.03 8.25 0.59 6.14 0.57 -0.33 -

26.63 6.37 4.83 7.68 0.70 6.78 0.54 0.01 0.00 -0.29 0.00

25.50 5.72 5.05 7.27 0.90 5.78 0.55 0.01 0.00 0.21 0.00

25.99 5.66 5.28 7.37 0.78 6.31 0.51 0.02 0.00 0.06 0.00

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 1.89 -0.10 -1.07 7.20 -0.47 26.15 2.09 3.62 -

-1.04 -3.87 -1.39 0.00 7.87 1.51 5.20 -6.28 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

14 e 16 e 19 e 20 28 1.61 e 1.74 e 1.61 e 1.24 0.95 Population (millions) 4.6 5.0 5.3 5.4 5.4 TPES/population(1) 4.78 5.69 5.75 4.69 4.94 TPES/GDP(2) 129.6 e 139.7 e 129.6 e 100.0 76.2 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 276.2 e 239.7 e 197.7 e 100.0 75.7 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 82.9 e 107.9 e 114.7 e 100.0 77.9 Elec. generation (TWh) 12 20 25 31 31 Industrial production(2) .. .. 112.2 100.0 145.6 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

31 0.82 5.4 4.72 66.1 61.6 73.3 28 168.8

33 0.79 5.4 4.81 63.4 57.3 .. 29 177.1

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 1.89 0.00 0.78 1.10 0.00 -1.95 1.93 4.38 -

2.96 -3.89 0.11 -1.15 -3.89 -6.63 -2.60 0.53 2.43

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

2.43 -

2.42 -

2.00 -

1.45 -

0.80 -

0.79 -

0.90 -

-1.62 -

-5.33 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal 5.80 5.80 4.77 3.65 2.20 2.11 2.42 Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

-1.63 -

-4.68 -

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.264 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Slovak Republic 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

15.51 5.49 5.47 2.01 0.27 1.51 0.75

18.61 5.84 7.20 2.33 0.26 2.34 0.64

22.50 5.88 6.99 5.59 0.25 2.88 0.93

16.02 2.02 4.30 5.95 0.16 2.70 0.88

16.73 1.63 4.28 6.16 0.49 0.00 2.81 1.36

16.27 1.69 4.30 5.71 0.48 0.00 2.91 1.18

16.47 1.76 4.50 5.46 0.68 0.00 3.02 1.06

2.21 0.40 1.44 6.22 -0.47 3.85 1.22

-1.82 -6.86 -2.56 -0.14 6.08 0.28 0.80

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

8.06 3.80 2.07 0.88 0.27 1.02 0.03

9.06 2.50 4.03 0.65 0.26 1.58 0.02

8.69 2.71 1.96 1.90 0.25 1.84 0.03

4.90 1.60 0.31 1.60 0.16 1.20 0.03

5.18 1.46 0.45 1.38 0.42 1.36 0.12

5.09 1.45 0.36 1.36 0.37 1.46 0.09

5.23 1.40 0.36 1.40 0.48 1.50 0.09

0.45 -1.96 -0.31 4.67 -0.47 3.53 -0.84

-2.95 -3.80 -9.52 -1.81 4.01 -1.22 7.68

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

2.39 2.32 -

2.15 1.73 0.30

2.07 1.92 -

2.05 1.93 -

3.35 2.41 0.86

3.15 2.42 0.59

3.46 2.60 0.65

-0.86 -1.09 -

3.08 1.80 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.08 1.03 0.02 0.30

0.12 1.64 0.29 0.03 0.59

0.14 3.21 0.62 0.05 1.56

0.12 3.69 0.08 0.02 2.35

0.01 0.07 3.63 0.07 0.01 2.02

0.06 0.07 3.30 0.07 0.02 1.83

0.13 0.07 2.97 0.06 0.02 1.59

3.65 6.89 4.98 10.10

-3.96 -0.45 -12.88 -6.09 0.10

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.19 0.52 0.77 0.47

0.29 0.44 3.95 2.65 0.41 0.54

0.45 0.53 5.22 2.36 0.34 1.90

0.00 e 0.67 0.58 e 3.14 0.27 0.02 1.94

0.05 0.58 0.89 2.50 0.04 0.07 1.29

0.04 0.56 0.78 2.68 0.11 0.06 1.42

0.06 0.57 0.69 2.67 0.22 0.01 1.32

5.24 0.07 11.89 8.53

1.33 1.60 -3.86 -13.08 -17.09 -2.11

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity 0.13 0.20 0.30 Heat 0.17 0.15 0.33 Non-energy use 0.70 0.36 2.29 Coal and peat 0.05 0.05 Oil 0.40 0.11 2.25 Gas 0.30 0.20 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.00 0.65 0.26 e 1.95 0.05 1.90 -

0.00 0.00 0.76 0.34 1.83 0.05 1.22 0.55

0.01 0.00 0.77 0.31 1.85 0.06 1.33 0.46

0.00 0.00 0.84 0.28 1.94 0.07 1.40 0.47

5.04 3.86 7.20 10.64 -

6.33 -1.05 -0.98 2.49 -2.73 -

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.265

Slovak Republic 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

2.4 8.9 -

2.4 9.0 -0.1 0.3

2.0 8.9 -0.1 0.5

1.5 5.0 -0.1 -0.2

0.8 5.4 -0.2 0.4

0.8 5.7 -0.2 -0.5

0.9 5.4 -0.3 -0.3

-1.1 -0.0 x

-5.3 -2.6 2.8 x

Primary supply

11.4

11.7

11.2

6.1

6.4

5.7

5.7

-0.1

-3.9

Statistical difference

-1.9

-0.1

-0.0

0.0

-0.1

0.0

..

x

x

Total transformation

-4.0 e

-5.1 e

-4.6 e

-3.6 e

-3.8 e

-3.3 e

..

0.8

-1.9

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-2.7 -2.7 -

-4.1 -3.5 -0.6

-3.3 -2.9 -0.5

-2.4 -2.1 -0.3

-2.4 -2.1 -0.3

-2.2 -2.0 -0.2

.. .. ..

1.2 0.3 -

-2.3 -2.0 -4.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-1.3 e -0.6 e -0.7 -

-1.0 e -0.9 e -0.1 -

-1.3 e -1.2 e -0.1 -

-1.2 e -1.0 e -0.2 -

-1.4 e -1.4 e -0.0 -

-1.1 e -1.1 e -0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

0.1 4.4 -11.8 -

-0.9 -0.7 -6.6 -

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Own use

-

-0.6

-0.6

-0.4

-0.6

-0.6

..

-

-0.6

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.2

-0.1

..

x

x

5.5

5.8

5.9

2.0

1.7

1.8

..

0.4

-6.9

3.8 1.5 e -

2.5 1.0 e 0.3 0.2 0.2

2.7 1.4 e 0.3 0.2 0.2

1.6 1.0 e 0.1 0.2 0.2

1.5 1.1 e 0.0 0.2 0.1

1.4 1.1 e 0.2 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.0 -0.4 -

-3.8 -1.7 0.1 -3.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

1.7 -

3.3 2.7 0.3

3.1 2.4 0.6

0.4 0.3 0.1

0.2 0.1 0.1

0.3 0.2 0.1

.. .. ..

3.6 -

-13.2 -13.1 -12.9

Non-energy use 0.0 0.0 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.0

0.1

0.1

..

-

2.5

Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.266 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Slovak Republic 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes) 1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

3.97 2.21 2.21 1.24 1.24 -

3.04 2.03 1.77 0.26 0.84 0.58 0.00 0.13 0.02 0.11 0.17 -

2.74 1.98 1.68 0.30 0.65 0.39 0.01 0.12 0.03 0.10 0.10 -

2.06 1.33 1.12 0.21 0.68 0.36 0.20 0.11 0.01 0.05 -

2.25 1.54 1.33 0.21 0.70 0.46 0.17 0.06 0.01 0.00 -

2.30 1.54 1.36 0.18 0.70 0.48 0.16 0.06 0.01 0.05 0.01

2.17 1.29 1.13 0.16 0.67 0.42 0.18 0.06 0.01 0.20 0.02

-3.04 -0.91 -2.25 -5.27 -19.12 -

-1.38 -2.50 -2.32 -3.59 0.19 0.45 2.30 4.46 -16.01 4.13 -

2.18 2.15 0.03 0.03 -

2.34 2.05 0.28 0.01 0.01 -

3.14 2.92 0.18 0.04 0.04 -

2.60 2.21 0.35 0.04 0.04 -

2.74 2.35 0.38 0.01 0.01 -

2.85 2.38 0.47 -

2.85 2.39 0.47 -

3.08 2.56 3.54 -

-0.55 -1.18 5.85 -

13.36 16.04 12.48 3.98 5.59 3.74 3.98 4.83 3.43 0.76 0.31 3.82 3.28 2.41 0.27 0.19 0.87 0.61 0.13 0.09 0.44 0.41 3.82 1.57 1.11 6.55 5.99 Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

4.21 3.03 2.89 0.14 0.60 0.01 0.30 0.01 0.17 0.11 0.54 -

3.31 2.86 2.83 0.03 0.20 0.00 0.05 0.13 0.02 0.23 -

3.17 2.66 2.63 0.03 0.20 0.02 0.00 0.16 0.01 0.30 -

2.94 2.52 2.51 0.02 0.15 0.14 0.01 0.26 -

-0.57 -0.52 -1.23 -3.77 -9.77 -

-8.16 -2.29 -1.83 -15.98 -15.10 -6.06 -24.68 -16.95 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.267

Slovak Republic 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

4.30 51.12 44.83

4.81 51.55 53.16

8.61 88.03 77.00

.. .. 78.88

.. x 188.97

.. x 223.61

.. x 294.77

.. x 326.90

.. x 484.32

7.88 27.50 51.12 x 44.83

8.51 28.29 51.55 x 53.16

15.25 56.55 88.03 x 77.00

.. .. .. .. 78.88

.. .. x 147.39 188.97

.. .. x 162.63 223.61

.. .. x 217.62 294.77

.. .. x 244.49 326.90

.. .. x 366.24 484.32

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

1.79 33.86 27.55

1.99 33.86 32.40

4.48 72.70 59.00

.. .. 155.67

.. x 259.98

.. x 296.12

.. x 372.92

.. x 344.22

.. x 441.50

Steam coal 3.29 3.52 Coking coal 13.18 13.44 High sulphur fuel oil 33.86 33.86 Low sulphur fuel oil x x Natural gas 27.55 32.40 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

7.93 33.79 72.70 x 59.00

.. .. .. .. 155.67

.. .. x 218.52 259.98

.. .. x 232.09 296.12

.. .. x 296.70 372.92

.. .. x 277.44 344.22

.. .. x 359.78 441.50

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

8.95 4.76 .. .. 2.91 1.28

9.03 4.42 2.22 2.20 4.22 0.39

8.87 5.31 2.99 2.33 2.96 0.60

4.95 4.50 2.58 1.92 0.31 0.14

5.42 4.85 2.83 2.02 0.29 0.28

5.56 4.97 2.74 2.23 0.33 0.26

5.36 4.45 2.84 1.61 0.41 0.50

5.68 4.83 2.72 2.11 0.41 0.44

5.37 4.43 2.52 1.91 0.53 0.41

Total exports 0.07 0.13 0.06 0.05 0.21 0.21 Hard coal Coking coal .. Steam coal .. Brown coal / lignite 0.06 0.13 0.00 Peat Coal products(1) 0.01 0.06 0.05 0.21 0.21 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

0.22 0.22

0.29 0.29

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.268 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Slovak Republic 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Hard Coal

6151

5030

5866

4851

5183

5263

4665

5286

4855

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

2180 -

2330 -

3132 -

2596 901 e 669 e -

2847 1671 967 60 -

2732 1586 579 290 -

2847 1782 797 206 -

2852 231 1444 364 306 -

2643 169 1605 220 408 -

2180

2330

3132

1026 e -

149 -

180 97 -

55 7 -

43 464

1 13 227

3971 -

2700 -

2734 -

2255 931 e 286 e -

2336 233 247 -

2531 22 227 2

1818 78 229 1 -

2434 214 262 -

2212 378 145 -

Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other 3971 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

2700

2734

579 e 459 e -

1319 537 -

1968 163 149

16 1300 47 147

1820 12 126

1672 17 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.269

Spain* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 250

250

200

200

150

150

100

100

50

50

0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 35

35

30

30

25

25

20

20

15

15

10

10

5

5

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1977

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 350

400

300

350 300

250

250 200 200 150 150 100

100

50

50

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001

2007

Other

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.270 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Spain 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

1990

TPES (Mtce) 73.72 96.71 128.70 Coal and peat 12.90 17.75 27.56 Oil 53.72 71.11 64.96 Gas 1.35 2.08 7.10 Comb. renew/waste 0.02 0.38 5.81 Nuclear 2.44 1.93 20.20 Hydro 3.55 3.63 3.12 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide 0.00 Net electricity trade(1) -0.25 -0.17 -0.05 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2000 174.21 29.88 88.72 21.74 5.90 23.16 3.63 e 0.01 0.63 0.55 -

2006

2007

2008e

202.11 25.53 96.59 44.61 7.23 22.38 3.18 0.01 2.98 -0.40 -

205.64 28.58 97.06 45.49 7.70 20.51 3.41 0.01 3.58 -0.71 -

196.82 19.54 92.23 49.85 7.46 21.87 2.86 0.01 4.36 -1.36 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 3.33 4.57 1.12 10.27 40.22 13.25 -0.76 -8.81 -

2.80 0.22 2.39 11.55 1.67 0.09 0.52 53.48 16.64 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

282 330 441 581 708 0.26 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.29 Population (millions) 35.0 37.7 39.0 40.3 44.1 TPES/population(1) 2.11 2.57 3.30 4.33 4.59 TPES/GDP(2) 87.2 97.7 97.3 100.0 95.1 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 88.9 104.6 121.5 100.0 70.0 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 64.5 83.8 88.0 100.0 111.6 Elec. generation (TWh) 76 109 151 222 296 Industrial production(2) 56.9 67.1 80.9 100.0 106.2 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

734 0.28 44.9 4.58 93.3 75.6 108.9 300 108.4

743 0.26 45.7 4.31 88.3 51.1 .. 306 100.6

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 2.66 0.65 0.65 2.67 0.65 1.86 1.84 4.15 2.10

3.05 -0.25 0.83 1.95 -0.25 -2.75 1.26 4.12 1.74

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

1.87 6.71 2.53 -

1.38 8.05 4.60 -

0.28 10.30 6.20 -

7.73 3.65 -

5.28 3.36 -

5.11 2.68 -

4.74 1.16 -

-14.69 3.64 7.76 -

-4.04 -4.80 -

Mt: Coking coal 1.80 1.33 0.28 Steam coal 9.59 11.51 14.33 11.32 8.35 7.87 7.30 Brown coal 8.26 15.45 21.07 12.15 10.09 9.31 2.90 Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

-14.39 3.41 8.12 -

-3.46 -4.69 -

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.271

Spain 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

55.13 5.65 41.23 1.00 7.25 -

68.80 3.54 52.48 1.51 0.24 11.03 -

86.77 4.64 54.50 6.58 5.60 15.46 -

122.11 1.80 74.51 17.68 4.90 0.01 0.04 23.15 -

145.85 2.07 82.62 25.96 5.34 0.01 0.09 29.76 -

143.18 2.02 81.60 22.33 5.60 0.01 0.10 31.51 -

146.52 2.15 83.08 23.33 5.92 0.01 0.13 31.89 -

2.70 -1.16 1.66 11.69 4.55 -

3.13 -4.41 2.51 7.73 0.33 4.35 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

24.65 5.18 14.22 0.58 4.66 -

26.93 3.16 16.03 0.88 0.24 6.63 -

27.70 4.21 8.23 4.86 2.64 7.77 -

35.32 1.71 8.16 13.07 1.86 0.00 10.52 -

43.54 1.80 7.90 18.97 1.96 0.00 12.90 -

36.09 1.67 7.62 12.54 2.27 0.00 12.00 -

37.28 1.84 7.95 13.08 2.27 0.00 12.14 -

0.69 -1.22 -3.17 13.30 3.05 -

1.76 -4.75 -0.20 6.00 -0.89 2.66 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

15.50 0.02 15.30 -

21.54 0.01 21.29 -

30.40 29.95 -

43.15 42.52 0.01

52.16 51.13 -

53.62 52.80 0.09

55.28 54.15 0.09

4.04 4.03 -

3.58 3.54 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.18 5.18 0.44 3.07 0.33

0.23 7.33 0.37 4.08 0.48

0.45 13.08 0.40 5.09 0.91

0.10 0.51 16.97 0.06 5.78 2.88

0.37 0.66 21.52 0.23 6.10 4.55

0.25 0.49 22.58 0.28 5.41 5.23

0.55 0.49 22.76 0.26 5.25 5.45

5.60 5.59 -0.63 3.02 6.11

0.50 3.32 -2.42 0.17 11.12

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

1.33 1.96 0.95 0.09

2.40 3.10 1.44 0.15

2.96 3.71 4.87 0.02 1.49 0.27

2.89 0.06 7.69 e 12.01 3.05 1.01

2.90 0.00 0.07 8.69 13.12 2.33 1.24

2.91 0.00 0.09 8.80 13.14 2.18 1.30

6.21 5.50 2.67 6.69

-0.11 5.21 6.01 2.23 9.61

0.09 0.00 0.03 7.84 e 11.93 11.24 0.69

0.15 0.00 0.03 9.36 11.31 10.68 0.63

0.16 0.00 0.03 9.48 11.29 10.61 0.68

7.39 3.30 2.90 -

6.83 1.79 1.82 1.43

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity 0.92 1.50 3.08 Heat Non-energy use 4.80 6.58 8.34 Coal and peat Oil 4.80 6.58 7.81 Gas 0.53 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2.85 0.03 5.36 9.57 0.03 e 2.41 0.90 0.07 0.00 0.01 6.15 13.42 12.74 0.68

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.272 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Spain 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

9.3 3.1 -0.0 0.6

14.0 5.9 -0.0 -2.2

16.8 10.2 -0.0 0.7

11.4 19.1 -0.8 0.2

8.6 20.4 -1.1 -2.4

7.8 20.9 -1.9 1.8

5.9 18.1 -2.2 -2.3

3.6 7.3 10.0 x

-4.4 4.3 24.5 x

Primary supply

12.9

17.8

27.6

29.9

25.5

28.6

19.5

4.6

0.2

1.2

0.0

-0.1

0.6

0.0

0.7

..

x

x

Statistical difference Total transformation

-7.8 e

-13.4 e

-22.3 e

-28.2 e

-23.0 e

-26.4 e

..

6.4

1.0

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-4.3 -4.3 -

-11.2 -11.1 -0.1

-20.3 -20.1 -0.2

-26.7 -26.4 -0.3

-22.0 -21.7 -0.3

-25.1 -24.9 -0.3

.. .. ..

9.5 9.5 -

1.3 1.3 2.1

-

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

..

-

-

-2.2 e -1.8 e -0.4 0.0

-2.0 e -1.4 e -0.6 0.0

-1.5 e -1.0 e -0.6 -

-1.0 e -0.8 e -0.2 -

-1.3 e -0.9 e -0.3 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-3.3 -3.4 -3.2 -

-2.6 -2.3 -3.3 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-3.5 e -2.5 e -1.0 -0.0 -

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.7

-0.8

-0.5

-0.4

-0.6

-0.7

..

-1.7

1.6

-

-

-

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

5.7

3.5

4.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

..

-1.2

-4.4

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

5.2 3.2 e 0.4 -

3.2 2.4 e 0.3 0.3 0.0

4.2 2.1 e 0.2 1.6 0.0

1.7 1.1 e 0.1 0.4 -

1.7 1.1 e 0.2 0.2 -

1.8 1.1 e 0.2 0.4 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.2 -2.5 -3.8 -

-4.7 -3.8 -0.8 -8.3 -

Transport sector(6)

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.4 0.4

0.4 0.4

0.4 0.0 0.4

0.3 0.3

0.3 0.3

.. .. ..

-0.2 -0.6

-1.9 -2.4

-

-

..

-

-

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

Other sectors

(4)

(5)

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

-

0.1 0.0 e 0.1 -

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.273

Spain 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

8.33 6.82 6.69 0.13 0.06 0.30 0.75 0.31 0.20 0.17 0.00 0.08 0.35 -

11.12 9.50 9.43 0.06 0.06 0.25 0.01 0.90 0.21 0.26 0.35 0.02 0.06 0.40 -

21.59 18.87 18.79 0.08 0.01 0.02 2.25 0.30 0.10 1.77 0.03 0.05 0.51 -

29.25 28.11 27.92 0.19 0.54 0.67 0.14 0.06 0.47 0.12 -

29.49 27.87 27.79 0.08 0.49 0.75 0.22 0.25 0.18 0.10 0.25 -

25.84 24.48 24.20 0.28 0.36 0.67 0.15 0.20 0.22 0.10 0.31 -

29.42 27.25 27.00 0.25 0.57 0.91 0.20 0.19 0.45 0.06 0.29 -

8.26 8.85 8.99 -4.23 -18.93 -18.94 9.56 -0.16 -5.73 21.76 25.32 -3.32 3.29 -

1.84 2.18 2.15 7.12 -5.21 -2.33 3.98 -7.72 1.08 -3.26 -

4.86 4.86 -

5.41 4.99 -

4.46 4.46 -

3.56 3.64 -

3.46 3.60 -

3.56 3.66 -

3.67 3.74 -

-0.73 -0.73 -

-1.14 -1.03 -

8.16 14.69 20.78 8.09 14.58 20.63 8.09 14.58 20.63 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.04 Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

12.85 12.91 12.91 -

11.55 11.43 11.43 -

10.10 10.25 10.25 -

9.58 9.57 9.57 -

8.10 8.12 8.12 7.64 4.66 -6.53 1.09 -

-4.45 -4.42 -4.42 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.274 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Spain 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

42.60 65.54 60.18

69.75 125.39 127.62

.. 106.42 118.39

.. 169.30 128.33

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. 68.57 65.54 .. 100.39

.. 103.43 117.59 .. 172.12

.. c 106.42 .. 127.20

.. c 138.84 169.30 136.41

.. c .. 204.12 167.70

.. c .. 278.37 197.69

.. c .. 322.89 276.03

.. c .. 345.20 295.78

.. c .. 476.63 378.46

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

15.43 40.57 35.67

23.62 72.57 70.72

.. 87.60 93.31

.. 246.67 179.02

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

Steam coal .. .. Coking coal 32.38 45.66 High sulphur fuel oil 40.57 68.06 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas 59.50 95.38 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

.. c 87.60 .. 100.25

.. c 202.29 246.67 190.29

.. c .. 220.65 173.57

.. c .. 300.92 204.61

.. c .. 345.57 282.85

.. c .. 338.40 277.61

.. c .. 437.79 332.83

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

3.08 2.60 .. .. 0.01 0.47

5.92 5.35 4.23 1.12 0.00 0.57

10.16 9.76 4.29 5.48 0.00 0.39

19.07 18.93 3.84 15.09 0.14

21.22 21.04 4.14 16.90 0.18

21.20 21.06 3.66 17.40 0.14

20.38 20.21 3.71 16.50 0.16

20.93 20.79 3.77 17.02 0.14

18.12 17.91 3.45 14.46 0.21

Total exports 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.77 1.02 0.63 1.08 Hard coal 0.01 0.01 0.00 Coking coal .. Steam coal .. 0.01 0.00 Brown coal / lignite 0.00 Peat Coal products(1) 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.77 1.02 0.63 1.08 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

1.90 0.81 0.02 0.78 1.09

2.16 1.51 0.01 1.51 0.64

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.275

Spain 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Hard Coal

3376

5678

10455

21649

24473

24756

23704

24439

20967

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

3029 454 68 395 1369 743 -

4074 636 47 60 999 2300 -

4169 672 364 234 2899 -

3755 1388 383 1912 -

4043 2155 230 114 1318 -

3571 1682 285 99 1273 -

3622 1969 234 151 976 -

3682 2300 158 1224 -

3371 1719 176 1344 28

-

32

-

72 -

70 19 137 -

178 54 -

291 1 -

-

104 -

347 12 21

1604 714 15

6286 271 43 16 153 275 89

17894 1627 102 313 27 585 36

20430 1108 99 28 22 689 46

21185 1433 16 169 28 4 227 12

20082 1579 102 45 16 446 19

20757 1414 100 37 21 138 53

17596 1475 59 112 28 26 1036 32

114 196 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other 4 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

72 713 90 -

404 4667 285 53 30

191 1112 2804 9180 1496 32 389 -

73 972 3521 10176 3148 483 15 40 10

47 1938 3784 8736 4235 450 91 15 -

3 1534 4022 8213 3609 225 153 110 6

3 2308 4599 8772 2705 161 382 64

11 1994 4064 5602 2623 276 192 66

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.276 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Spain 12. COAL IMPORT VALUES BY ORIGIN* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne) 1988

1990

1995

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Coking coal(1)

54.09

62.38

58.59

60.44

79.30

116.50

134.81

124.87

211.23

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former USSR(2)

47.61 .. .. 56.08 56.16 .. .. .. ..

59.85 .. .. 59.09 63.21 .. .. .. ..

52.80 57.34 .. 51.07 61.65 .. .. .. ..

58.00 61.03 .. .. 64.22 62.82 .. .. ..

68.83 79.64 .. 129.88 86.28 57.80 .. 72.04 145.89

110.07 141.45 .. 135.89 116.42 137.51 .. .. ..

137.79 142.24 .. 123.25 128.18 136.71 2611.31 .. ..

125.17 142.00 .. .. 122.09 .. .. .. ..

238.36 259.29 .. .. 160.69 344.75 .. .. ..

37.85 44.74 43.24 36.73 55.89 62.94 60.66 Imports from: Australia 41.82 52.89 50.56 36.99 57.79 93.53 97.90 Canada .. .. .. .. .. 64.94 377.69 Czech Republic .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Poland .. 102.86 .. 70.79 91.49 114.05 114.72 United States 91.78 44.32 38.79 37.31 49.58 46.84 60.43 China 34.40 .. .. .. .. 93.42 .. Colombia 37.52 48.08 46.44 40.52 63.98 63.06 61.96 South Africa 36.98 43.00 44.04 34.57 55.69 65.12 61.65 Former USSR(2) 38.17 42.90 46.33 42.05 70.46 65.99 64.82 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs.

74.06

128.55

79.48 403.91 .. 142.48 126.87 .. 72.34 75.14 92.84

158.54 142.45 .. 214.64 125.44 .. 138.29 138.56 156.74

Steam coal(3)

(1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former USSR until 1991, Russia starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.277

Sweden* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 200

80

180

70

160 60

140

50

120

40

100 80

30

60

20

40

10

20 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 5

6 5

4

4 3 3 2 2 1

1 0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1977

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 180

100

160

90

140

80 70

120

60

100

50 80

40

60

30

40

20

20

10

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001

2007

Other

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.278 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Sweden 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

TPES (Mtce) 55.49 57.84 Coal and peat 2.33 2.43 Oil 39.87 32.34 Gas Comb. renew/waste 5.06 5.90 Nuclear 0.79 9.86 Hydro 7.36 7.23 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) 0.09 0.07 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

67.43 4.22 20.43 0.82 7.87 25.38 8.91 0.01 -0.22 -

67.95 3.50 19.39 1.11 11.80 21.34 9.65 0.06 0.57 0.51

71.72 3.84 19.24 1.26 13.58 24.94 7.58 0.13 0.74 0.41

72.03 3.77 19.04 1.30 14.10 24.93 8.13 0.19 0.16 0.40

71.05 3.63 19.16 1.18 14.46 23.76 8.45 0.25 -0.24 0.38

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 1.15 3.57 -3.86 2.63 22.68 1.13 -

0.39 -0.66 -0.41 2.72 3.49 -0.11 -0.54 23.39 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

143 162 202 246 290 0.39 0.36 0.33 0.28 0.25 Population (millions) 8.1 8.3 8.6 8.9 9.1 TPES/population(1) 6.82 6.96 7.88 7.66 7.90 TPES/GDP(2) 139.9 128.9 120.9 100.0 89.2 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 113.9 105.4 147.1 100.0 92.7 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 92.1 99.9 113.9 100.0 85.9 Elec. generation (TWh) 78 96 146 145 143 Industrial production(2) 52.5 52.3 69.2 100.0 111.9 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

298 0.24 9.1 7.87 87.4 89.0 84.0 149 115.5

297 0.24 9.2 7.71 86.4 85.9 .. 149 112.9

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 2.02 -0.85 0.30 0.85 -0.85 1.52 1.26 3.75 1.64

2.32 -1.89 0.39 -0.00 -1.89 -2.92 -1.78 0.11 3.06

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

0.01 -

0.01 0.00

0.01 0.23

0.23

0.26

0.22

0.30

-3.07 -

-0.29

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal 0.02 0.02 0.01 Brown coal Peat 0.00 0.58 0.54 0.62 0.52 0.70 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

-3.07 -

-0.65

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.279

Sweden 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

49.74 1.33 34.83 0.15 4.94 8.50 -

49.43 1.20 28.81 0.11 5.51 10.43 3.37

45.88 1.49 20.02 0.52 6.62 0.00 14.79 2.44

50.42 1.05 20.25 0.68 7.55 0.01 15.81 5.07

49.34 1.31 18.50 0.78 6.73 0.01 16.06 5.96

48.89 1.16 17.67 0.79 7.22 0.01 16.07 5.97

49.07 1.28 17.42 0.80 7.60 0.01 16.10 5.85

-0.47 0.70 -3.20 7.49 1.74 3.31 -

0.40 -0.88 -0.82 2.57 0.82 6.03 0.50 5.28

18.95 1.20 8.68 0.02 4.19 4.86 -

17.07 1.12 6.64 0.01 4.32 4.98 -

16.94 1.37 3.09 0.37 5.25 6.63 0.24

19.54 1.03 4.39 0.44 6.19 7.00 0.49

17.09 1.29 2.63 0.49 5.07 7.07 0.54

17.22 1.14 2.37 0.51 5.61 7.04 0.55

17.44 1.25 2.17 0.51 5.83 7.12 0.55

-0.66 0.77 -5.90 20.26 1.33 1.84 -

0.17 -0.51 -2.05 2.00 0.62 0.42 5.01

7.52 7.27 -

8.33 0.00 8.05 -

9.88 9.57 -

10.56 10.15 0.01

11.25 10.69 0.02

11.29 10.64 0.03

11.48 10.68 0.03

1.62 1.63 -

0.89 0.65 -

0.26 15.35 0.07 12.47 0.14

0.28 13.93 0.02 9.51 0.07

0.30 9.35 2.20 0.07

0.39 10.42 1.25 0.15

0.19 0.35 10.43 0.59 0.10

0.27 0.35 10.00 0.35 0.08

0.41 0.36 9.61 0.21 0.08

1.03 -2.88 -9.71 -3.61

1.00 0.17 -12.88 0.38

0.74 1.93 1.41 0.04 -

1.18 3.16 1.93 0.00 0.02 0.03

0.90 0.00 4.68 1.49 5.72 1.93 0.06

0.88 0.01 5.16 2.97 6.28 1.50 0.05

0.90 0.01 5.24 3.59 6.13 0.88 0.14

0.85 0.01 5.10 3.61 5.83 0.50 0.14

0.86 0.01 4.87 3.58 5.97 0.56 0.14

1.15 5.34 8.59 24.93 -

-0.27 6.03 0.23 5.29 0.25 -7.04 5.10

Comb. renew/waste 0.01 0.02 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity 1.37 1.87 2.99 Heat 0.71 Non-energy use 3.11 2.24 2.76 Coal and peat 0.06 0.06 0.06 Oil 3.06 2.18 2.70 Gas Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.02 3.12 1.60 2.47 0.02 2.45 -

0.09 3.21 1.82 3.28 0.02 3.25 -

0.06 3.33 1.79 3.41 0.02 3.39 -

0.06 3.50 1.71 3.46 0.03 3.44 -

4.72 -0.71 0.32 -0.73 -

5.75 0.92 5.32 1.35 -4.11 1.43 -

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.280 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Sweden 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

0.0 2.4 -0.0 -0.1

0.0 2.5 -0.1 0.0

0.2 3.8 -0.0 0.2

0.2 3.5 -0.0 -0.2

0.3 3.4 -0.0 0.2

0.2 3.6 -0.0 0.0

0.3 3.3 -0.0 0.1

19.5 2.7 3.5 x

-0.4 -0.4 -2.0 x

2.3

2.4

4.2

3.5

3.8

3.8

3.6

3.6

-0.7

Statistical difference

-

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.4

0.2

..

x

x

Total transformation

-0.9 e

-1.0 e

-2.6 e

-2.3 e

-2.9 e

-2.5 e

..

6.4

-0.1

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.1 -0.1 -0.0

-1.6 -1.6 -0.0

-1.1 -1.0 -0.1

-1.2 -1.1 -0.1

-1.1 -1.0 -0.1

.. .. ..

19.8 19.7 -

-2.4 -2.8 11.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.8 e -0.8 e -0.0 -

-0.9 e -0.7 e -0.2 -

-0.9 e -0.7 e -0.2 -

-1.2 e -0.8 e -0.4 -

-1.7 e -0.9 e -0.8 -

-1.4 e -0.8 e -0.6 -

.. .. .. .. ..

0.7 -0.8 11.2 -

2.7 1.3 5.5 -

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3) Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6)

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.1 e

-

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.2

-0.1

..

3.8

1.0

-0.1 e

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

..

x

x

1.3

1.2

1.5

1.1

1.2

1.3

..

0.7

-0.9

1.2 0.7 e 0.0 0.3 0.0

1.1 0.6 e 0.0 0.2 0.0

1.4 0.6 e 0.0 0.4 0.1

1.0 0.5 e 0.0 0.3 0.0

1.1 0.6 e 0.0 0.3 0.0

1.3 0.7 e 0.0 0.3 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

0.8 -1.4 10.1 2.8 20.8

-0.5 1.8 -8.7 -2.7 -6.1

-

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.1 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.1 -

-

-

-

.. .. ..

-0.5 -

-

Non-energy use 0.1 0.1 0.1 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

0.3

-4.1

Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.281

Sweden 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

0.34 0.02 0.02 0.30 0.02 0.01 0.19 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.03

0.48 0.09 0.08 0.00 0.33 0.03 0.04 0.21 0.01 0.05 0.00 0.05

2.19 1.19 1.17 0.01 0.18 0.74 0.05 0.03 0.39 0.10 0.18 0.02

1.09 0.50 0.49 0.01 0.27 0.50 0.04 0.25 0.03 0.17 -

1.22 0.42 0.42 0.00 0.42 0.57 0.11 0.25 0.04 0.18 -

1.02 0.56 0.56 0.00 0.43 0.56 0.09 0.26 0.04 0.18 -

1.19 0.40 0.40 0.43 0.58 0.13 0.25 0.03 0.18 -

16.72 43.16 43.02 7.88 6.32 9.89 6.43 33.48 7.07 -3.02

-3.52 -6.15 -6.09 5.13 -1.44 5.89 -2.64 -6.80 -

1.23 1.23 -

1.65 1.65 -

1.52 1.52 -

1.77 1.77 -

1.85 1.85 -

2.22 2.22 -

2.00 1.99 -

1.77 1.77 -

1.64 1.62 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries (1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.282 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Sweden 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

50.00 67.15 ..

91.90 145.18 ..

.. 77.87 ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

77.55 64.11 80.71 .. ..

93.41 72.84 171.39 .. ..

92.56 .. x 270.45 ..

.. .. x 320.71 ..

.. .. x 554.94 ..

.. .. x 623.71 ..

.. .. x 680.48 ..

.. .. x 756.03 ..

.. .. x 903.35 ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Swedish crowns / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

215 416 ..

370 842 ..

.. 632 ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

Steam coal 321 362 Coking coal 267 284 High sulphur fuel oil 500 994 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas .. .. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

502 .. x 2195 ..

.. .. x 4029 ..

.. .. x 5591 ..

.. .. x 6391 ..

.. .. x 6881 ..

.. .. x 7007 ..

.. .. x 8173 ..

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

2.42 0.98 .. .. 1.44

2.52 2.08 1.74 0.34 0.44

3.81 3.40 1.35 2.05 0.00 0.10 0.31

3.47 3.05 1.86 1.19 0.10 0.32

3.78 3.14 1.84 1.29 0.16 0.48

3.68 3.17 2.00 1.17 0.13 0.38

3.36 3.04 2.10 0.93 0.11 0.21

3.57 3.15 2.03 1.12 0.16 0.26

3.31 2.85 2.08 0.77 0.16 0.31

Total exports 0.02 0.11 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 Hard coal 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 Coking coal .. Steam coal .. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 Brown coal / lignite 0.00 Peat Coal products(1) 0.01 0.11 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

0.03 0.00 0.00 0.03

0.04 0.01 0.01 0.03

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.283

Sweden 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Hard Coal

1545

2182

3543

3092

3186

3203

3052

3180

2856

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

1239 78 99 231 71 5 338 -

1790 159 123 1 1105 -

1315 449 e 102 e 764 e -

1814 990 54 570 -

1802 1350 426 -

1955 1000 22 462 1

2052 1246 133 352 -

1981 1186 401 -

2034 1099 562 -

417 -

402 -

-

200 -

26 -

470 -

1 320 -

394 -

373 -

306 8 42 174 30 -

392 6 28 11 171 31 58 14

2228 187 1 6 7 732 103 117 8

1278 83 698 15 25 16

1384 122 4 372 2 5

1248 370 3 127 2 30 23

1000 111 28 122 9 5 29

1199 130 7 303 8 22 38

822 40 4 54 5 5 72

52 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

73 -

8 108 573 375 3

120 271 50 -

458 320 101 -

377 263 53 -

442 254 -

313 378 -

391 240 11 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

e e e e e e e e e e

e e

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.284 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Sweden 12. COAL IMPORT VALUES BY ORIGIN* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne) 1988

1990

1995

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Coking coal(1)

..

..

60.87

66.28

75.53

94.31

57.76

65.83

138.31

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former USSR(2)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

65.10 .. .. 55.47 61.89 .. .. .. 47.54

.. .. .. 67.15 .. .. .. .. 49.23

.. .. .. 75.73 .. .. .. .. 70.63

.. .. .. 96.64 .. .. .. .. 65.37

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 57.76

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 65.83

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 138.31

.. .. 55.37 58.30 86.28 111.18 117.43 Imports from: Australia .. .. 67.27 69.86 107.17 152.75 151.35 Canada .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Czech Republic .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Poland .. .. 48.74 48.35 55.59 75.95 71.82 United States .. .. 66.14 66.68 90.11 91.28 124.76 China .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Colombia .. .. 53.77 .. .. .. .. South Africa .. .. 61.06 50.79 .. .. .. Former USSR(2) .. .. 43.13 45.12 61.97 74.35 78.65 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs.

124.51

227.64

161.71 .. .. 84.84 138.55 .. .. .. 85.79

328.87 .. 3000.00 239.79 181.58 .. .. .. 139.75

Steam coal(3)

(1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former USSR until 1991, Russia starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.285

Switzerland* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 45

140

40

120

35

100

30 80

25 20

60

15

40

10

20

5 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 0.8

1.2

0.7

1.0

0.6 0.8

0.5 0.4

0.6

0.3

0.4

0.2 0.2

01 0.1

0.0

0.0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1977

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 80

50

70

45 40

60

35

50

30

40

25 20

30

15 20

10

10

5

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001

2007

Other

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.286 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Switzerland 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

TPES (Mtce) 27.01 28.62 Coal and peat 0.47 0.47 Oil 20.64 17.87 Gas 0.21 1.24 Comb. renew/waste 0.34 0.67 Nuclear 2.35 5.35 Hydro 3.43 4.03 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) -0.43 -1.01 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

33.99 0.51 17.51 2.33 1.31 8.83 3.66 0.09 0.01 -0.26 -

34.94 0.20 15.75 3.48 1.81 9.88 4.53 0.13 0.04 -0.87 -

38.54 0.24 16.76 3.86 2.89 10.40 3.80 0.22 0.04 0.33 -

36.74 0.25 14.93 3.76 3.00 10.44 4.33 0.23 0.04 -0.25 -

38.08 0.23 15.88 4.01 3.02 10.36 4.43 0.25 0.05 -0.14 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 1.36 0.55 -0.96 15.08 8.15 8.10 0.39 -2.94 -

0.46 -4.25 -0.93 2.86 5.01 0.99 0.99 5.97 8.60 -0.13 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

177 181 225 250 275 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.14 Population (millions) 6.4 6.4 6.8 7.2 7.5 TPES/population(1) 4.19 4.48 5.00 4.88 5.17 TPES/GDP(2) 109.3 113.3 108.2 100.0 100.1 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 328.8 321.5 283.6 100.0 106.6 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 78.3 93.1 99.7 100.0 100.1 Elec. generation (TWh) 37 48 55 66 62 Industrial production(2) 64.3 65.0 79.1 100.0 108.8 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

285 0.13 7.5 4.89 92.4 107.0 96.3 66 119.3

289 0.13 7.5 5.07 94.2 98.7 .. 67 120.7

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 1.43 -0.06 0.32 1.04 -0.06 -0.87 1.43 2.39 1.22

1.40 -0.92 0.59 -0.13 -0.92 -5.57 -0.20 1.12 2.45

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries (1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.287

Switzerland 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

23.81 0.41 19.15 0.34 0.34 3.56 -

23.74 0.45 17.20 1.03 0.46 4.33 0.27

26.37 0.50 16.57 2.20 0.87 0.09 0.01 5.77 0.36

27.79 0.20 16.18 3.26 1.09 0.13 0.03 6.43 0.45

30.16 0.23 16.39 3.77 1.95 0.20 0.04 7.04 0.55

30.01 0.24 16.17 3.68 2.02 0.22 0.04 7.10 0.55

29.16 0.25 15.36 3.61 2.09 0.23 0.04 7.06 0.53

0.60 1.07 -0.85 11.65 5.63 2.88 -

0.59 -4.05 -0.45 2.95 5.26 5.97 7.86 1.19 2.34

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

5.71 0.11 4.16 0.07 1.36 -

5.55 0.32 3.05 0.51 0.17 1.46 0.04

4.79 0.47 1.07 0.84 0.22 2.12 0.07

5.51 0.18 1.24 1.08 0.58 0.01 0.00 2.22 0.19

5.86 0.19 1.22 1.19 0.71 0.01 0.00 2.32 0.22

5.91 0.16 1.21 1.24 0.74 0.02 0.00 2.33 0.22

5.78 0.17 1.09 1.27 0.70 0.02 0.00 2.33 0.21

-1.02 8.90 -7.68 15.55 2.64 -

1.11 -5.93 0.09 2.44 6.91 0.57 6.87

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

5.05 4.80 -

5.28 5.03 -

7.35 7.03 -

8.33 8.00 -

8.33 7.96 -

8.37 7.98 -

8.53 8.14 -

2.23 2.27 -

0.88 0.86 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.25 1.81 0.30 0.27

0.26 7.71 0.13 5.63 0.39

0.32 7.47 0.02 4.75 0.87

0.32 7.94 0.02 4.17 1.23

0.01 0.37 8.92 0.05 4.43 1.45

0.01 0.38 8.77 0.08 4.25 1.40

0.02 0.38 8.09 0.08 3.68 1.34

1.42 8.69 -14.68 7.22

1.05 0.47 8.32 -1.49 2.59

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.34 0.90 1.03 -

0.25 1.24 0.07 3.82 2.21 0.13

1.67 0.15 4.78 0.00 2.63 0.42

0.31 0.10 0.02 1.93 0.16 4.64 1.80 0.72

0.45 0.16 0.02 2.17 0.20 5.52 1.76 0.80

0.47 0.17 0.02 2.17 0.20 5.39 1.64 0.75

0.44 0.19 0.02 2.15 0.19 5.25 1.43 0.71

3.72 9.48 -

1.48 1.42 0.55 -3.55 3.10

0.16 e 0.02 0.00 1.83 0.10 0.81 0.81 -

0.73 0.02 0.00 2.06 0.13 0.78 0.78 -

0.75 0.03 0.00 2.08 0.13 0.85 0.85 -

0.88 0.03 0.00 2.07 0.13 0.82 0.82 -

2.49 -1.72 -1.75 -

21.90 1.70 -0.49 0.16 0.20 -

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

Comb. renew/waste 0.03 e Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity 1.03 1.33 1.56 Heat 0.16 0.14 Non-energy use 1.07 0.88 0.80 Coal and peat 0.00 0.00 Oil 1.07 0.88 0.79 Gas Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.288 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Switzerland 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

0.3 -0.0 0.2

0.7 -0.3

0.5 -0.0 0.0

0.3 -0.1

0.2 -0.0 0.0

0.3 -0.1

0.2 0.0

2.2 -5.2 x

-3.0 x

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.5

-4.3

Statistical difference

-

-

-0.0

-

-

-

..

x

x

Total transformation

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

..

-3.6

-

-

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0

-

-

-

.. .. ..

-

-

-0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.2

0.2

..

1.1

-4.0

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0

0.5 0.0 0.4 0.0

0.2 0.2 -

0.2 0.1 -

0.2 0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

8.9 -7.5 19.4 3.7

-5.9 -5.7 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.3 0.3

0.1 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.1

.. .. ..

-14.4 -14.7

8.0 8.3

Non-energy use 0.0 0.0 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

-

-

-

..

-

-

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.289

Switzerland 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes) 1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

0.15 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02

0.32 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.28 0.03 0.18 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.00

0.48 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.46 0.01 0.40 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00

0.18 0.17 0.16 0.01 0.01 -

0.20 0.18 0.18 0.01 0.01 -

0.17 0.15 0.15 0.01 0.01 -

0.17 0.16 0.15 0.01 0.01 -

10.26 12.70 26.63 13.55 -6.82 19.33 6.70 -4.17 -15.46 -12.55

-5.84 -6.00 -5.61 -1.68 7.65 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.01 0.01 Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

0.01 0.01 -

0.04 0.04 -

0.09 0.09 -

0.09 0.09 -

-

11.68 11.68 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.290 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Switzerland 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

68.81 .. 82.08 .. 153.66

95.71 127.61 152.83 .. 191.14

72.45 x 118.75 .. 182.84

60.13 x x 139.45 173.40

110.08 x x 152.85 274.07

110.03 x x 224.74 313.15

111.25 x x 253.83 379.24

145.85 x x 286.53 448.47

252.48 x x 455.56 579.73

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Swiss francs / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

Steam coal 105.5 137.5 Coking coal .. 220.0 High sulphur fuel oil 201.3 351.3 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas 353.3 411.9 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

86.3 x 226.2 .. 326.5

87.0 x x 322.8 376.3

117.3 x x 260.5 437.9

117.5 x x 384.0 501.6

119.5 x x 436.3 611.1

150.0 x x 471.5 691.9

234.5 x x 677.0 807.7

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

0.34 0.13 .. .. 0.21

0.72 0.55 0.55 0.17

0.50 0.46 0.46 0.01 0.03

0.27 0.24 0.24 0.00 0.03

0.19 0.17 0.17 0.00 0.02

0.14 0.10 0.10 0.03 0.02

0.23 0.15 0.15 0.06 0.02

0.30 0.21 0.21 0.06 0.02

0.23 0.15 0.15 0.06 0.02

Total exports 0.03 0.01 0.01 Hard coal 0.00 0.01 0.00 Coking coal .. Steam coal .. 0.01 0.00 Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1) 0.03 0.00 0.01 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

-

-

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.291

Switzerland 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

141

574

482

250

177

100

152

224

152

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

141 14 79 8 17

574 11 124 53 17 31

482 55 1 6

250 12 2

177 8 2

100 4 2

152 5 1

224 4 5 29

152 5 36

23 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

337 1

420 -

234 2 -

163 3 1 -

91 3 -

142 4 -

181 5 -

106 5 -

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.292 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Turkey* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 160

400

140

350

120

300

100

250

80

200

60

150 100

40

50

20

0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 45

45

40

40

35

35

30

30

25

25

20

20

15

15

10

10

5

5

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 250

1977

300 250

200

200 150 150 100 100 50

50 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001 Other

2007

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.293

Turkey 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

TPES (Mtce) 34.79 44.92 Coal and peat 7.36 9.98 Oil 17.83 22.32 Gas Comb. renew/waste 9.22 10.97 Nuclear Hydro 0.32 1.39 Geothermal 0.07 0.09 Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) 0.16 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

75.37 24.15 33.43 4.08 10.29 2.84 0.62 0.04 -0.09 -

109.07 32.72 43.43 18.05 9.30 3.79 0.98 0.38 0.41 -

132.91 37.78 43.40 37.09 7.41 5.44 1.40 0.59 -0.20 -

142.86 41.98 43.86 43.45 7.22 4.40 1.50 0.64 -0.19 -

137.79 39.28 41.50 43.99 6.88 4.09 1.39 0.70 -0.03 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 4.65 7.24 3.77 0.65 13.72 13.75 -

3.83 3.31 1.61 14.93 -2.06 2.61 5.33 17.75 4.55 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

88 112 186 267 356 0.40 0.40 0.41 0.41 0.37 Population (millions) 38.1 44.4 56.2 67.5 73.0 TPES/population(1) 0.91 1.01 1.34 1.62 1.82 TPES/GDP(2) 96.7 98.1 99.1 100.0 91.2 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 68.1 72.7 105.8 100.0 86.5 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 31.4 48.6 67.2 100.0 110.4 Elec. generation (TWh) 12 23 58 125 176 Industrial production(2) .. .. 70.5 100.0 133.1 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

372 0.38 73.9 1.93 93.9 92.0 114.2 192 142.4

384 0.36 74.9 1.84 87.7 83.3 .. 199 141.1

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 4.50 0.14 2.32 2.28 0.14 2.62 4.59 9.44 -

4.16 -0.31 1.62 2.17 -0.31 -0.82 3.17 7.33 4.22

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

2.58 1.16 5.55 -

2.12 1.01 5.65 -

2.03 0.89 14.76 -

0.71 0.80 16.32 -

0.65 1.28 16.77 -

0.65 0.90 19.58 -

1.54 0.52 19.58 -

-2.00 -2.20 8.49 -

-6.43 0.10 1.68 -

Mt: Coking coal 2.96 2.44 1.82 0.74 0.63 0.68 1.62 Steam coal 1.33 1.16 0.92 1.66 1.69 1.78 1.02 Brown coal 15.12 15.03 44.68 60.88 61.94 72.90 73.12 Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

-3.97 -3.02 9.45 -

-5.61 3.95 2.92 -

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.294 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Turkey 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

28.38 4.18 13.63 0.06 9.22 0.07 1.22 -

37.60 5.95 18.14 0.06 10.97 0.09 2.40 -

57.25 10.74 29.10 1.03 10.29 0.52 0.04 5.52 -

82.64 15.49 37.32 7.01 9.22 0.88 0.37 11.78 0.55

93.47 15.34 37.29 14.35 7.60 1.32 0.55 15.80 1.21

103.52 18.11 39.53 17.93 7.35 1.28 0.57 17.37 1.37

109.26 19.97 39.93 20.08 7.14 1.31 0.60 18.77 1.47

4.21 5.70 4.56 18.63 0.65 12.60 9.29 -

3.88 3.72 1.88 19.06 -2.13 5.56 17.27 7.46 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

5.30 1.63 2.88 0.00 0.79 -

9.35 3.09 4.76 0.00 1.49 -

15.57 6.43 5.06 0.71 0.01 3.36 -

28.20 12.61 6.86 2.38 0.14 5.66 0.55

30.33 11.81 5.81 3.87 0.17 7.45 1.21

33.47 14.56 4.45 4.77 0.17 8.15 1.37

33.81 16.04 2.03 5.31 0.18 8.78 1.47

6.54 8.42 3.37 34.90 8.88 -

4.67 5.53 -5.24 12.59 17.60 5.81 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

6.26 0.75 5.50 -

7.84 0.26 7.56 -

13.18 0.02 13.11 -

16.80 0.00 16.65 0.06

17.75 17.51 0.15

20.01 19.72 0.17

22.79 22.42 0.24

4.48 -18.90 5.25 -

3.27 3.20 -

0.01 14.40 1.81 3.09 0.05

0.02 17.44 2.59 3.32 0.05

0.04 20.76 4.29 4.45 0.07

0.09 25.13 2.88 5.13 3.85

0.09 27.59 3.53 4.12 6.83

0.03 0.10 28.42 3.55 2.79 8.83

0.02 0.11 29.61 3.93 2.49 9.86

7.56 2.18 5.21 2.17 2.62

6.04 2.11 -0.51 -3.35 33.34

9.22 0.07 0.17 0.45 0.22 0.00

10.97 0.09 0.43 0.44 0.01

10.29 0.52 0.03 1.11 0.91 0.00

9.22 0.88 0.24 2.93 3.31 0.60

7.60 1.32 0.38 3.80 6.76 2.80

7.32 1.28 0.40 4.23 8.32 3.98

7.12 1.31 0.42 4.48 9.17 4.38

0.65 12.60 11.65 4.30 -9.07

-2.14 5.56 17.13 8.54 14.55 64.55

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity 0.22 0.44 0.91 Heat Non-energy use 0.81 1.20 4.01 Coal and peat Oil 0.81 1.20 3.76 Gas 0.25 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2.71 5.03 4.90 0.13

3.95 6.32 5.63 0.69

4.34 8.25 8.06 0.19

4.79 8.34 8.05 0.29

8.81 9.83 9.41 -

10.26 4.40 4.58 0.84

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.295

Turkey 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

7.4 0.0 -0.1

8.8 0.8 -0.1 0.4

17.7 6.0 0.5

17.8 13.3 1.6

18.7 19.4 -0.3

21.1 20.9 -0.1

21.6 17.6 -

5.2 42.3 x

1.1 7.6 x

7.4

10.0

24.2

32.7

37.8

42.0

39.3

7.2

3.3

Statistical difference

-

-0.3

-2.0

-0.1

0.0

0.0

..

x

x

Total transformation

-2.9 e

-3.4 e

-11.0 e

-16.7 e

-19.2 e

-21.6 e

..

8.1

4.0

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-1.8 -1.8 -

-2.6 -2.2 -0.4

-7.8 -7.2 -0.7

-14.1 -13.4 -0.7

-16.2 -14.8 -1.4

-19.0 -17.6 -1.4

.. .. ..

9.0 8.4 -

5.3 5.4 4.3

-0.2

-0.1

-0.1

-

-

-

..

-6.5

-

-0.9 e 0.0 -0.6 e -0.4 -

-0.7 e 0.0 -0.9 e 0.1 -

-3.1 e 0.0 -1.6 e -1.5 -

-2.6 e 0.0 -1.8 e -0.8 -

-3.1 e 0.0 -1.9 e -1.2 -

-2.6 e 0.0 -2.0 e -0.6 -

.. .. .. .. ..

7.2 3.1 6.3 8.5 -

-1.2 1.1 1.2 -5.4 -

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.2

-0.3

-0.4

-0.4

-0.4

-0.4

..

4.0

0.2

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

4.2

5.9

10.7

15.5

18.1

20.0

..

5.7

3.7

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

1.6 0.4 e 0.3 -

3.1 0.9 e 0.2 -

6.4 1.0 e 0.4 0.0 0.0

12.6 1.3 e 0.0 0.1 0.0

14.6 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.0

16.0 1.4 e 0.0 0.1 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

8.4 6.2 2.1 -

5.5 1.8 -17.8 19.6 24.3

Transport sector(6)

0.7

0.3

0.0

0.0

-

-

..

-18.9

-

1.8 1.8

2.6 2.6

4.3 4.3

2.9 2.9

3.6 3.6

3.9 3.9

.. .. ..

5.2 5.2

-0.5 -0.5

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

Other sectors

(4)

(5)

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.296 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Turkey 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

1.21 0.68 0.68 0.09 0.29 0.29 0.10 -

1.22 0.61 0.61 0.06 0.43 0.43 0.06 -

2.81 0.37 0.37 0.06 1.12 0.01 0.00 1.12 1.25 -

8.48 1.66 1.66 6.15 0.03 0.02 6.10 0.68 -

13.84 4.57 4.57 8.42 0.07 0.02 8.33 0.85 -

16.87 4.69 4.69 11.39 0.08 0.03 11.29 0.79 -

19.53 5.12 5.12 13.48 0.08 0.03 13.37 0.94 -

7.31 -5.01 -5.01 -3.28 12.11 12.05 23.25 -

12.08 16.73 16.73 15.73 15.41 21.39 15.73 -1.69 -

3.43 0.36 0.31 0.05 2.39 0.29 0.05 0.05 0.11 -

3.41 0.16 0.10 0.06 2.56 0.23 0.15 0.15 0.13 -

5.34 0.11 0.08 0.03 4.66 0.10 0.34 0.34 0.13 -

7.04 0.28 0.28 4.19 2.47 0.09 2.38 0.10 -

5.59 0.60 0.60 4.22 0.64 0.09 0.55 0.13 -

5.93 0.79 0.79 4.75 0.28 0.08 0.20 0.11 -

5.82 0.80 0.80 4.44 0.27 0.24 0.03 0.21 0.07 -

3.75 -9.80 -11.22 -4.01 5.71 -8.83 17.37 17.37 1.19 -

0.51 12.65 21.26 -0.28 -1.97 -2.66 -3.25 -

13.23 15.80 46.18 4.45 6.03 29.88 4.30 5.47 29.63 0.15 0.56 0.25 0.02 0.02 0.04 3.63 3.49 8.52 0.00 0.00 0.73 0.58 0.93 2.90 2.90 7.59 4.88 6.14 7.71 Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

64.41 52.54 52.29 0.26 0.00 6.93 0.11 6.82 4.94 -

57.32 47.41 47.21 0.20 0.16 4.25 0.16 4.09 5.49 -

60.79 49.71 49.47 0.24 0.19 5.02 0.18 4.84 5.87 -

72.83 60.54 60.31 0.22 0.05 5.13 0.03 5.10 7.11 -

10.98 17.21 17.45 4.71 6.74 7.36 2.10 8.33 3.88 -

2.72 4.24 4.27 -0.69 2.36 -2.94 -18.47 -2.31 -0.48 -

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.297

Turkey 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. 105.18 ..

49.88 179.15 ..

31.85 174.87 110.22

50.45 150.29 131.07

90.65 252.39 177.29

88.29 397.46 234.26

86.87 467.46 271.72

97.12 573.16 341.34

113.22 728.57 444.88

.. 70.23 105.18 .. ..

86.47 83.99 179.15 .. ..

79.67 82.07 174.87 .. 98.09

53.26 80.19 150.29 .. 136.10

67.16 118.78 252.39 .. 179.14

78.71 148.07 397.46 .. 236.81

79.99 161.57 467.46 .. 274.31

115.02 200.52 573.16 .. 342.88

152.51 258.70 728.57 .. 445.57

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(New Turkish lira / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. 0.00 ..

0.00 0.02 ..

0.02 0.63 0.37

9.01 128.86 105.36

36.93 493.59 325.05

33.83 731.11 403.98

35.49 916.73 499.57

36.07 1021.81 570.49

42.01 1297.72 742.89

Steam coal .. 0.00 Coking coal 0.00 0.01 High sulphur fuel oil 0.00 0.02 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas .. .. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

0.13 0.19 0.63 .. 0.33

20.22 43.69 128.86 .. 109.40

58.15 147.60 493.59 .. 328.43

64.10 173.07 731.11 .. 408.38

69.45 201.34 916.73 .. 504.33

90.78 227.15 1021.81 .. 573.06

120.26 292.79 1297.72 .. 744.04

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

0.01 0.01 .. .. -

0.82 0.82 0.82 -

6.02 6.01 4.25 1.76 0.01 -

13.30 12.57 6.27 6.30 0.00 0.72

16.00 15.61 5.00 10.61 0.39

16.74 16.33 5.23 11.10 0.41

19.40 18.93 5.74 13.19 0.01 0.45

20.91 20.47 5.19 15.28 0.44

17.63 17.42 4.61 12.81 0.21

Total exports 0.07 Hard coal 0.00 Coking coal .. 0.00 Steam coal .. Brown coal / lignite 0.07 Peat Coal products(1) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

-

-

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.298 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

Turkey 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Hard Coal

475

945

5557

12990

16427

17360

20286

22945

19489

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

475 70 405 -

945 945 -

3717 1318 51 2011 -

6202 2793 847 100 2150 -

4784 776 1354 1571 -

4943 882 1175 187 6 1810 -

5490 1569 1125 164 1045 -

5117 1695 964 1312 -

4546 2324 888 1329 -

-

-

337 -

259 53 -

25 554 504 -

101 574 208 -

1203 384 -

611 535 -

5 -

-

-

1840 58 -

6788 69 21

11643 38 -

12417 24 1 -

14796 -

17828 61 412 326 -

14943 71 -

Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

-

1252 530 -

1440 5023 174 61

1441 1567 97 1940 6215 146 199

1517 2456 1448 6198 611 11 151

1829 2601 2215 7273 374 504

1947 2754 2499 9264 227 338

1386 2882 1547 8278 701 78

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.299

United Kingdom* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 350

120

300

100

250

80

200

60

150 40 100 20 50 0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

Gas

1991

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 140

140

120

120

100

100

80

80

60

60

40

40

20

20

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 450

1977

700

400

600

350 500

300 250

400

200

300

150

200

100 100

50

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001

2007

Other

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.300 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

United Kingdom 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

TPES (Mtce) 311.53 283.47 295.96 Coal and peat 109.18 98.28 90.15 Oil 155.58 113.34 110.90 Gas 35.87 57.59 67.41 Comb. renew/waste 0.90 Nuclear 10.42 13.78 24.48 Hydro 0.47 0.48 0.64 Geothermal 0.00 Solar, wind, tide 0.02 Net electricity trade(1) 0.01 0.00 1.47 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

319.99 52.84 105.42 124.82 2.75 31.67 0.62 0.00 0.13 1.74 -

313.47 58.59 103.50 115.77 5.46 28.09 0.56 0.00 0.57 0.92 -

301.87 55.22 98.35 117.06 5.80 23.46 0.63 0.00 0.71 0.64 -

296.32 50.11 96.52 120.57 6.68 19.54 0.62 0.00 0.94 1.35 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 -0.30 -1.12 -1.97 3.78 5.15 1.78 36.14 -

0.12 -2.84 -0.70 3.30 11.61 -0.25 -0.13 25.17 -4.76 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

824 880 1150 1478 1714 0.38 0.32 0.26 0.22 0.18 Population (millions) 56.2 56.3 57.2 58.9 60.6 TPES/population(1) 5.54 5.03 5.17 5.43 5.17 TPES/GDP(2) 174.6 148.8 118.8 100.0 84.5 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 370.6 312.3 219.1 100.0 95.6 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 126.9 119.4 107.0 100.0 90.2 Elec. generation (TWh) 281 284 318 374 394 Industrial production(2) 75.1 73.6 87.8 100.0 96.7 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

2007

2008e

1766 0.17 60.8 4.97 78.9 87.4 86.9 392 97.3

1778 0.17 61.1 4.85 77.0 78.8 .. 386 94.7

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 1.98 -2.24 0.11 -0.41 -2.24 -3.04 -1.00 0.72 0.92

2.55 -2.38 0.35 -0.24 -2.38 -5.26 -1.22 1.25 0.61

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

14.68 84.26 -

9.68 95.97 -

1.60 74.99 -

0.26 26.28 -

0.28 14.97 -

0.28 14.05 -

0.32 13.60 -

-16.87 -0.97 -

-9.82 -9.38 -

Mt: Coking coal 15.11 10.05 1.60 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.31 Steam coal 108.47 120.05 91.16 30.94 18.25 16.74 16.20 Brown coal Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

-17.06 -1.44 -

-10.02 -9.49 -

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.301

United Kingdom 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

204.61 37.79 104.41 33.77 28.63 -

187.54 20.10 85.17 53.31 28.79 0.17

198.64 15.39 89.25 59.68 0.59 0.00 0.01 33.72 -

215.62 5.68 90.20 74.89 0.88 0.00 0.02 40.47 3.48

213.88 3.71 92.73 72.12 0.89 0.00 0.04 42.57 1.81

210.59 3.90 92.53 68.92 1.07 0.00 0.05 42.35 1.78

204.01 4.04 88.90 65.99 1.39 0.00 0.06 42.01 1.61

-0.17 -5.15 -0.92 3.41 0.97 -

0.16 -7.57 -0.02 0.59 5.15 9.09 1.30 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

75.06 19.05 30.33 14.47 11.21 -

56.11 8.50 17.41 19.30 10.72 0.17

45.47 9.11 9.00 14.86 0.14 12.36 -

48.25 3.37 8.61 20.27 0.40 14.02 1.57

45.72 2.86 9.94 16.73 0.20 14.81 1.19

44.54 3.12 9.63 15.89 0.20 14.53 1.16

43.34 3.22 9.32 15.12 0.24 14.46 0.99

-2.91 -4.25 -6.90 0.16 0.58 -

-0.28 -5.94 0.20 0.10 3.17 0.93 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

39.47 0.08 39.07 -

43.39 0.05 42.96 -

57.76 0.00 57.11 -

60.63 59.57 -

62.79 61.61 -

63.70 62.43 -

64.05 62.55 -

2.27 -18.29 2.26 -

0.61 0.54 -

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.32 48.09 15.74 5.54 15.60

0.37 51.32 9.65 3.76 27.33

0.65 53.24 4.97 3.30 33.20

1.06 61.48 2.23 4.31 40.88

0.10 1.08 62.16 0.82 4.11 42.44

0.26 1.01 60.19 0.75 4.32 40.32

0.49 1.01 57.97 0.80 3.83 38.68

4.23 0.60 -6.56 -3.00 4.54

2.66 0.50 -10.19 0.87 0.90

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

11.22 19.03 2.82 8.36 2.45

10.58 18.20 1.87 6.63 3.08

0.25 11.52 18.37 1.29 4.43 3.90

0.25 13.74 0.06 24.07 0.06 2.01 8.93

0.37 14.35 0.07 23.21 0.03 1.24 9.44

0.41 14.31 0.07 23.03 0.02 1.18 9.18

0.45 14.13 0.07 22.71 0.02 1.19 8.90

0.16 -0.21 -4.51 -3.68 2.77

3.59 1.21 1.25 -22.56 -7.41 4.97

Comb. renew/waste 0.05 Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity 5.40 6.62 8.71 Heat Non-energy use 17.22 10.14 15.46 Coal and peat Oil 17.22 10.14 13.24 Gas 2.22 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

0.11 11.12 1.85 16.18 14.65 1.52

0.13 11.82 0.55 15.81 14.74 1.07

0.11 11.99 0.55 15.41 14.11 1.30

0.12 11.93 0.55 12.36 11.21 1.16

2.85 -0.63 -1.53 -

4.50 1.87 -1.31 -0.98 -3.77

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.302 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

United Kingdom 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

108.4 1.6 -2.8 2.0

105.7 6.4 -4.4 -9.4

76.6 14.7 -2.6 1.4

26.5 22.2 -1.1 5.2

15.2 45.2 -0.6 -1.3

14.3 39.4 -0.8 2.4

13.9 39.2 -0.8 -2.2

-2.0 13.9 -0.6 x

-9.4 5.9 -6.5 x

Primary supply

109.2

98.3

90.2

52.8

58.6

55.2

50.1

-1.1

-2.8

Statistical difference

3.3

0.3

-1.5

-0.5

0.2

-0.1

..

x

x

Total transformation

-70.9 e

-76.7 e

-72.1 e

-44.9 e

-53.5 e

-49.6 e

..

0.1

-2.2

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-65.0 -65.0 -

-74.3 -72.0 -2.3

-68.3 -66.3 -1.9

-41.1 -37.7 -3.3

-50.5 -47.3 -3.1

-46.4 -43.3 -3.1

.. .. ..

0.3 0.1 -

-2.3 -2.5 2.9

-0.4

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-5.5 e -2.3 e -3.2 -0.0

-2.4 e -0.9 e -1.4 -0.0

-3.9 e -2.6 e -1.1 -0.2

-3.9 e -3.0 e -0.9 0.1

-3.0 e -2.7 e -0.3 0.0

-3.3 e -2.8 e -0.5 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.1 0.8 -6.2 9.7

-1.0 0.5 -4.8 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3) Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-

-

-3.2

-1.9

-1.1

-1.5

-1.2

-1.2

..

-6.1

0.5

-0.5

-

-

-0.2

-0.2

-0.3

..

x

x

37.8

20.1

15.4

5.7

3.9

4.0

..

-5.1

-7.6

3.4 1.2 e 0.0 1.1 0.1

3.1 1.5 e 0.1 0.9 0.1

3.2 1.6 e 0.1 0.9 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-4.2 -4.8 7.5 -5.3 -4.3

-5.9 -5.2 -11.1 -2.2 -8.4

19.0 9.0 e 0.3 3.4 1.2

8.5 3.6 e 0.2 2.5 0.1

9.1 3.9 e 0.9 1.4 0.6

0.1

0.1

0.0

-

-

-

..

-18.3

-

18.7 2.8 15.7

11.5 1.9 9.6

6.3 1.3 5.0

2.3 0.1 2.2

0.8 0.0 0.7

0.8 0.0 0.8

.. .. ..

-6.2 -4.5 -6.6

-11.3 -22.6 -10.2

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.303

United Kingdom 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

105.68 83.21 80.64 2.57 1.19 1.85 0.01 6.19 0.11 0.03 3.09 0.32 2.65 12.17 -

111.98 91.98 89.57 2.41 1.10 1.90 0.00 5.47 0.12 0.02 3.03 0.18 2.12 10.67 -

96.21 84.01 82.56 1.46 0.78 5.25 0.01 1.04 1.50 0.63 2.07 5.43 -

51.02 46.85 44.76 2.09 0.54 1.88 0.00 0.03 1.24 0.12 0.48 1.95 -

55.21 52.52 50.58 1.94 0.27 1.78 0.13 1.12 0.14 0.39 0.65 -

60.30 57.82 55.81 2.02 0.28 1.70 0.09 1.05 0.14 0.43 0.59 -

55.70 53.03 51.03 2.00 0.25 1.76 0.00 0.14 1.05 0.14 0.42 0.67 -

-0.78 0.08 0.20 -4.59 -3.51 -1.36 -16.73 35.13 -5.84 5.93 -2.04 -6.51 -

-3.16 -2.67 -2.79 1.86 -6.56 -6.23 -13.60 -11.01 -2.10 -8.31 -8.91 -11.59 -

14.99 14.91 -

11.63 11.61 -

10.52 10.09 0.66 0.11 0.11 -

8.85 8.23 0.45 0.01 0.01 -

6.57 5.57 0.98 0.06 0.06 -

7.04 5.93 1.00 0.12 0.12 -

7.17 5.93 1.11 0.13 0.13 -

-2.91 -3.21 -

-2.23 -3.07 3.14 1.07 1.07 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

-

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.304 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

United Kingdom 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

52.18 67.63 52.91

91.65 141.33 93.18

96.27 66.97 c

55.02 128.62 80.92

73.98 184.50 126.11

81.19 272.68 166.89

86.73 302.68 213.74

102.00 322.38 223.75

148.68 378.32 279.09

49.74 .. 72.81 .. 67.78

91.28 .. 151.36 .. 126.05

88.51 .. 95.94 .. 123.24

59.32 .. 135.97 .. 81.44

86.76 .. x 197.20 157.62

99.65 .. x 266.21 232.37

99.17 .. x 307.73 298.29

113.43 .. x 408.54 259.02

138.93 .. x c 346.87

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Pounds sterling / unit) (2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

21.97 49.72 35.47

31.84 85.73 51.54

43.77 53.16 c

29.35 119.80 68.73

32.61 141.99 88.50

36.07 211.50 118.04

38.06 231.91 149.33

41.16 227.14 143.75

65.57 291.31 195.96

Steam coal 23.25 35.20 Coking coal .. .. High sulphur fuel oil 53.53 91.81 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas 45.44 69.72 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

44.67 .. 76.16 .. 89.21

35.13 .. 126.65 .. 69.17

42.45 .. x 151.76 110.61

49.14 .. x 206.48 164.35

48.31 .. x 235.78 208.40

50.81 .. x 287.85 166.41

68.01 .. x c 243.55

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

1.60 1.38 .. .. 0.23

6.42 6.26 2.32 3.94 0.16

14.75 14.38 8.84 5.54 0.37

22.18 21.70 8.34 13.36 0.48

32.86 31.86 6.25 25.60 1.00

39.59 38.71 6.45 32.26 0.88

45.24 44.26 6.68 37.58 0.98

39.35 38.31 7.37 30.94 1.04

39.19 38.49 6.26 32.23 0.70

Total exports 2.85 4.41 2.56 1.13 0.80 0.70 0.64 Hard coal 2.22 3.24 2.17 0.68 0.62 0.57 0.46 Coking coal .. 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 Steam coal .. 3.20 2.12 0.67 0.61 0.57 0.46 Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1) 0.62 1.18 0.39 0.45 0.18 0.13 0.17 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

0.82 0.54 0.01 0.53 0.27

0.76 0.56 0.19 0.37 0.21

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.305

United Kingdom 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

Hard Coal

2352

7334

14783

23446

36153

43968

50529

43365

43733

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

1383 380 207 375 421 -

2407 518 403 1486 -

8614 2966 961 2 794 3791 7

8462 4880 1633 1936 2

6345 4140 715 1342 -

6551 3532 1084 1210 -

6775 3766 1274 1416 19

7482 3733 1808 1402 49

6349 3247 1346 1466 -

-

-

93 -

11 -

148 -

697 28 -

275 25

68 393 29

290 -

969 645 53 41 1 73

4927 2329 81 43 2167 78

6169 67 24 2 248 250 1641 1868

14984 1222 1107 837 205

29808 2040 25 13 1208 723 465

37417 933 17 647 299 294

43754 143 50 856 692 270

35883 527 11 130 1121 212

37384 699 15 213 2796 333

26 106 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other 24 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

66 46 117

69 956 356 499 169 20

143 5649 9 4756 480 5 208 123 240

235 3635 1458 10149 9784 11 39 23 -

134 3292 1621 13034 16831 90 225

52 3798 1895 12858 22697 421 22 -

198 3853 1455 7742 20499 135 -

5302 2165 4255 21223 371 9 3

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.306 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

United Kingdom 11. STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

2176

4007

2258

656

612

533

442

508

357

2174 113 125 6 950 446 202 53 168 79 3 3 26 -

4005 185 606 7 1474 1116 289 9 221 63 5 30 -

1960 1 67 366 204 271 214 18 246 25 145 178 138 87 -

653 73 12 77 13 265 1 15 158 31 8 -

609 65 1 1 51 8 377 4 87 8 7 -

528 84 1 4 33 1 3 309 3 85 5 -

439 51 1 1 5 16 4 17 265 3 12 64 -

505 42 5 1 6 13 3 7 258 1 10 24 135 -

352 13 1 187 73 11 67 -

2 2 -

2 1 1

289 5 1 1 282 -

3 1 1 1 -

3 1 1 1 -

5 1 1 3 -

3 1 1 1 -

3 1 1 1 -

3 1 2 -

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

-

9

-

-

-

-

-

2

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.307

United Kingdom 12. COAL IMPORT VALUES BY ORIGIN* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne) 1988

1990

1995

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Coking coal(1)

56.46

72.56

57.61

57.34

77.73

116.05

128.51

120.24

187.79

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former USSR(2)

50.01 53.83 .. 57.88 60.84 .. .. .. 44.37

76.77 67.89 .. 65.40 72.53 .. .. .. 46.86

56.28 55.72 .. 53.12 60.78 .. 59.04 .. 59.92

55.51 62.49 .. .. 64.91 .. 166.16 34.94 45.07

76.33 78.05 .. .. 80.05 .. .. .. 94.26

127.10 99.81 .. .. 113.10 .. .. .. 91.89

136.58 117.54 .. .. 127.10 .. .. .. 71.41

124.16 104.80 .. .. 131.69 207.67 .. .. 82.35

201.79 192.51 .. .. 176.47 .. 344.67 .. 69.16

64.91 68.56 45.19 44.03 65.02 70.24 69.91 Imports from: Australia 67.76 95.59 41.59 44.56 62.29 85.03 72.19 Canada 56.77 59.29 .. .. 69.05 .. 2529.04 Czech Republic 88.97 101.88 .. .. .. .. .. Poland 91.08 84.94 51.92 38.03 65.64 71.87 65.00 United States 71.64 69.28 44.64 48.52 68.02 83.66 62.86 China 41.43 73.47 .. 58.82 80.81 98.27 150.04 Colombia 72.89 73.07 43.65 42.59 66.01 70.13 70.11 South Africa 58.27 .. 43.16 44.35 63.57 69.27 69.85 Former USSR(2) 47.68 53.72 50.58 45.22 68.03 70.78 70.67 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs.

84.03

139.40

91.62 .. .. 112.37 79.53 71.23 78.56 90.44 82.58

168.33 .. .. 145.69 133.03 .. 136.96 155.46 139.84

Steam coal(3)

(1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former USSR until 1991, Russia starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.308 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

United States* Chart 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Chart 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 4000

160

3500

140

3000

120

2500

100

2000

80

1500

60 40

1000

20

500

0

0 1971

1976 Coal

1981

1986

Oil

1991

Gas

1996

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2008e

2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2008e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Chart 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Chart 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 900

900

800

800

700

700

600

600

500

500

400

400

300

300

200

200

100

100

0

0 2008e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

1971

1983

Electricity and heat

1989

1995

Other transformation

Industry

2001

2007

Other use

Chart 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Chart 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 5000

1977

7000

4500

6000

4000 5000

3500 3000

4000

2500 3000

2000 1500

2000

1000 1000

500

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2008e Other

1971

1977 Coal

*Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . Peat is included in coal for all charts. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1983

1989 Oil

1995 Gas

2001 Other

2007

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.309

United States 1. TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) BY FUEL*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

TPES (Mtce) 2471.34 2578.11 2733.10 Coal and peat 444.36 537.48 654.81 Oil 1167.84 1138.47 1081.20 Gas 735.01 681.12 626.05 Comb. renew/waste 53.57 77.84 88.94 Nuclear 33.20 99.10 227.69 Hydro 32.60 34.25 33.56 Geothermal 3.01 6.57 20.14 Solar, wind, tide 0.46 Net electricity trade(1) 1.75 3.28 0.24 Heat(2) Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

3261.83 776.56 1244.50 782.26 104.62 296.99 31.11 18.70 2.94 4.17 -

3289.72 785.39 1315.65 717.14 111.92 303.86 35.86 12.34 5.28 2.26 -

3342.77 791.64 1299.56 769.20 117.48 311.47 30.67 12.55 6.36 3.84 -

3281.47 789.37 1216.05 785.66 119.89 311.91 30.96 14.87 8.72 4.05 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 0.59 2.31 -0.45 -0.94 3.03 11.99 0.17 11.83 -10.97 -

1.19 1.12 1.09 1.22 1.65 1.86 -0.53 -2.74 16.73 17.62 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.

2. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

4305 5128 7055 9765 11241 11468 0.57 0.50 0.39 0.33 0.29 0.29 Population (millions) 211.9 227.7 250.2 282.4 299.2 302.1 TPES/population(1) 11.66 11.32 10.92 11.55 11.00 11.07 TPES/GDP(2) 171.9 150.5 116.0 100.0 87.6 87.3 Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) 129.8 131.8 116.7 100.0 87.9 86.8 Elec. consumption/GDP (2) 108.1 110.2 104.2 100.0 92.4 93.1 Elec. generation (TWh) 1966 2427 3203 4026 4274 4323 Industrial production(2) 48.6 54.2 67.2 100.0 105.8 107.3 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

11596 0.28 305.2 10.75 84.7 85.6 .. 4329 105.0

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07 2.95 -2.29 0.98 -0.38 -2.29 -0.62 -0.22 2.91 1.93

2.90 -1.66 1.12 0.08 -1.66 -1.73 -0.66 1.78 2.79

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100

3. COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTION BY TYPE* Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

93.39 417.76 15.55 -

119.23 499.84 20.81 -

94.46 637.09 38.76 -

54.99 686.03 37.34 -

42.63 744.28 37.03 -

45.06 731.55 34.52 -

54.64 742.52 33.25 -

0.10 3.58 7.91 -

-4.26 0.82 -0.68 -

Mt: Coking coal 92.20 117.72 93.26 54.29 44.60 47.31 57.37 Steam coal 484.60 592.46 760.39 839.69 946.87 934.38 949.19 Brown coal 31.16 42.78 79.91 77.62 76.43 71.29 68.66 Peat Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

0.10 3.83 8.16 -

-3.91 1.22 -0.67 -

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.310 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

United States 4. FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY FUEL* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2005

2006

2007

1879.10 105.35 990.71 524.73 53.46 204.84 -

1873.27 80.24 984.48 482.02 77.69 248.85 -

1846.05 77.70 976.13 432.84 32.27 0.48 323.55 3.07

2207.12 44.78 1133.46 514.12 74.50 0.74 2.06 429.91 7.54

2248.97 43.60 1211.23 452.83 77.18 1.22 1.76 456.50 4.66

2242.45 44.11 1208.39 434.63 84.77 1.32 1.83 457.31 10.10

2268.33 43.17 1193.11 458.37 90.12 1.48 1.89 469.91 10.28

-0.10 -1.78 -0.09 -1.13 -2.93 2.73 -

1.22 -3.40 1.19 0.34 6.23 6.85 2.22 7.36

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

562.57 85.93 103.18 253.29 40.82 79.34 -

553.39 68.92 127.85 216.47 48.48 91.67 -

403.65 64.06 63.22 156.98 12.94 106.46 -

472.82 41.54 36.66 196.97 51.22 0.16 140.32 5.96

406.06 40.00 50.21 152.81 45.69 0.15 113.50 3.68

420.09 41.91 50.70 154.95 51.77 0.16 112.62 7.98

417.10 40.69 44.47 158.77 50.76 0.17 114.11 8.13

-1.93 -1.71 -2.84 -2.77 -6.54 1.74 -

0.19 -2.63 -2.05 0.07 8.37 0.41 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Gas

591.81 567.23 24.06

607.53 586.07 21.07

696.52 674.00 22.01

840.34 813.56 21.68

897.78 865.09 20.23

903.51 866.20 20.24

908.00 864.28 21.60

0.96 1.02 -0.52

1.57 1.47 -0.11

Comb. renew/wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Gas

0.53 339.29 4.20 102.37 161.56

0.38 307.97 2.24 59.79 157.78

0.51 299.80 2.10 37.67 146.51

4.55 0.54 377.25 1.94 e 45.58 166.04

11.53 0.92 388.08 41.12 160.88

16.17 0.90 362.14 34.82 145.46

21.12 1.00 381.59 35.92 157.23

-0.22 -0.73 -3.99 -5.71 -0.57

4.10 1.43 -0.28 0.42

Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Gas

71.17 212.45 4.87 69.72 85.83

88.15 203.65 2.60 45.72 86.69

113.52 227.49 3.41 30.44 87.50

14.82 0.31 2.06 146.50 275.81 1.30 e 23.79 104.53

16.75 0.57 1.76 166.99 286.25 2.98 23.85 98.36

13.34 0.66 1.83 166.04 282.04 2.17 21.32 93.15

14.70 0.79 1.89 171.05 292.46 2.41 20.76 99.43

2.78 0.40 -2.08 -4.76 0.11

2.44 1.49 -2.02 -2.23 0.75

1.77 0.27 142.55 1.58 e 218.61 193.72 24.89

2.94 0.49 156.65 0.98 e 228.39 207.84 20.54

3.09 0.50 159.68 2.12 e 231.29 210.46 20.83

3.00 0.52 164.18 2.16 e 226.28 204.94 21.34

4.10 1.74 1.00 -

2.78 -2.06 1.69 1.84 0.43

(1)

TFC

Coal and peat Oil Gas Comb. renew/wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

Comb. renew/waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity 52.03 68.65 103.06 Heat 3.07 e Non-energy use 126.74 145.63 170.06 Coal and peat Oil 126.74 145.63 150.23 Gas 19.84 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation and energy sectors. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.311

United States 5. COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-07

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

476.2 1.0 -44.3 11.4

639.9 1.5 -83.0 -21.0

770.3 3.0 -95.6 -22.9

778.4 13.8 -52.3 36.8

823.9 32.6 -41.5 -29.6

811.1 31.3 -48.9 -1.9

830.4 30.5 -68.0 -3.6

2.9 6.4 4.6 x

0.3 14.9 -3.9 x

Primary supply

444.4

537.5

654.8

776.6

785.4

791.6

789.4

2.3

1.1

Statistical difference

18.1

-11.1

10.5

6.1

-19.7

-18.7

..

x

x

Total transformation

-348.6 e

-442.6 e

-585.8 e

-735.9 e

-718.5 e

-726.7 e

..

3.1

1.3

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-309.9 -309.9 -

-417.2 -417.2 -

-565.7 e -559.6 -6.2 e

-716.5 e -699.7 e -16.8 e

-707.0 -700.6 -6.4

-717.5 -712.3 -5.3

.. .. ..

3.6 3.5 -

1.4 1.4 -0.9

-0.1

-

-2.7 e

-2.9

-2.6

..

26.3

-0.2

-8.7 e -8.6 e -3.9 3.9

-6.5 e -8.2 e -4.1 5.8

.. .. .. .. ..

-4.6 -4.7 -4.4 -

-5.6 -1.9 -2.2 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3) Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

-38.7 e -25.8 e -12.9 -

-25.3 e -16.2 e -9.1 -

-17.3 e -11.4 e -5.9 -

-

-

-

-8.5

-3.6

-1.8

-

-

-

105.4

80.2 68.9 29.6 e 11.2 10.0 7.1

85.9 48.4 e 11.9 5.2 6.8

-16.6 e -10.9 e -5.7 e -

-

-

..

-

-

-3.1

-3.0

..

-8.8

3.2

-

-

-

..

x

x

77.7

44.8

44.1

43.2

..

-1.8

-3.4

64.1 17.0 e 12.4 e 10.9 10.2

41.5 10.2 e 9.3 e 11.1 3.6

41.9 4.1 e 7.4 10.5 6.7

40.7 3.6 e 7.3 10.6 6.4

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.7 -6.0 0.2 4.5 2.4

-2.6 -8.8 -3.1 -0.2 -2.7

-

-

-

19.4 4.9 4.2

11.3 2.6 2.2

13.6 3.4 2.1

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

-2.7

-

-2.0 e

3.2 1.3 e 1.9 e -

-

-

..

-

-

2.2 2.2 -

2.5 2.4 -

.. .. ..

-2.1 -2.1 -4.0

-9.5 -2.0 -

-

-

..

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for detailed explanation. (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by * the respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.312 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

United States 6. USE OF COAL FOR SELECTED END-USES* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1) Non-energy use

1978

1980

1990

484.73 408.08 408.08 44.63 3.66 10.08 11.51 7.54 11.83 8.54 -

546.58 478.66 478.66 44.80 2.45 12.67 11.27 8.05 10.37 5.34 -

701.66 637.00 630.72 6.27 0.18 52.17 1.70 14.26 11.97 11.28 12.98 5.99 -

68.89 64.77 -

61.46 60.47 -

35.27 35.27 -

Brown coal/lignite Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv (1)

30.77 42.13 79.02 28.49 37.78 72.04 28.49 37.78 70.94 1.10 5.64 2.19 2.80 1.24 0.17 0.23 0.00 2.19 2.63 1.01 0.09 0.13 0.11 Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries (1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

2000

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-07

2005

2006

2007

866.16 835.53 820.06 15.48 - e 2.50 35.77 1.35 10.51 12.23 4.07 7.62 3.68 -

932.69 762.86 756.35 6.50 119.79 1.25 35.63 0.27 7.23 11.35 6.82 9.96 3.58 -

920.37 778.33 773.48 4.84 94.20 1.41 36.86 0.41 7.50 11.61 7.23 10.11 2.61 -

934.63 763.53 758.92 4.61 127.67 1.55 35.49 0.41 7.38 11.73 7.04 8.94 2.77 -

3.13 3.78 3.70 1.31 -6.21 2.93 0.32 3.41 0.77 -2.91 -

1.70 1.07 1.09 -1.79 13.39 -2.24 -8.03 -3.80 -0.12 -2.74 -2.17 -4.44 -

25.96 25.96 e -

20.89 2.81 18.45 -

20.90 2.26 18.56 -

20.52 2.37 18.24 -

-5.43 -4.94 -

-3.13 -3.80 -

74.27 70.01 68.76 1.25 5.67 1.42 0.24 0.00 1.18 0.05 -

76.14 70.49 68.44 2.06 5.39 0.29 0.24 0.01 0.05 0.01 -

75.79 68.63 66.62 2.01 5.59 0.29 0.24 0.01 0.05 0.01 -

71.85 65.48 65.48 5.33 0.32 0.26 0.01 0.05 0.10 -

8.18 8.04 7.90 -4.61 -6.27 1.52 -

-0.56 -0.56 -0.47 -0.32 -7.61 0.51 12.13 -15.80 -0.33 -

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.313

United States 7. FUEL PRICES TO END USERS*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

29.96 62.13 43.89

36.39 124.76 67.87

38.52 97.68 71.64

31.51 125.20 134.45

35.48 142.64 183.34

40.50 205.30 253.47

44.47 228.94 213.57

46.45 252.05 218.95

54.40 422.64 281.87

36.26 48.94 52.81 .. 50.94

41.85 61.20 100.43 .. 76.71

40.00 52.01 76.81 .. 86.68

37.77 48.41 118.29 .. 132.99

46.79 66.99 144.77 .. 196.04

56.31 91.26 207.40 .. 252.91

61.57 101.49 240.01 .. 234.92

64.85 103.44 271.97 .. 228.49

75.60 128.62 391.62 .. 287.08

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(US dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

26.11 88.65 56.43

31.72 178.01 87.26

33.57 139.37 92.11

27.46 178.64 172.86

30.92 203.53 235.72

35.30 292.94 325.89

38.76 326.67 274.59

40.48 359.64 281.51

47.41 603.05 362.40

Steam coal 33.57 38.74 Coking coal 49.57 61.99 High sulphur fuel oil 75.35 143.30 Low sulphur fuel oil .. .. Natural gas 65.50 98.63 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

37.03 52.68 109.60 .. 111.44

34.97 49.04 168.79 .. 170.99

43.32 67.85 206.57 .. 252.05

52.12 92.44 295.93 .. 325.17

56.99 102.79 342.47 .. 302.04

60.04 104.77 388.06 .. 293.77

69.99 130.28 558.79 .. 369.11

For industry

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

8. COAL TRADE BY TYPE OF COAL* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

1.03 0.10 .. .. 0.92

1.53 0.97 0.97 0.56

2.96 2.31 2.31 0.65

13.78 10.53 1.57 8.96 0.04 3.21

28.93 23.04 1.88 21.16 0.05 5.84

27.55 24.49 1.51 22.97 0.06 3.00

32.61 29.05 1.45 27.61 0.09 3.46

31.28 29.13 1.43 27.70 0.05 2.09

30.51 27.39 1.49 25.89 0.06 3.06

Total exports 44.33 82.98 95.58 52.33 39.47 41.48 41.51 Hard coal 43.06 81.19 95.06 51.33 38.26 39.88 40.05 Coking coal .. 57.98 58.31 30.16 22.49 24.01 23.04 Steam coal .. 23.20 36.75 21.17 15.77 15.87 17.01 Brown coal / lignite 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.10 0.11 0.09 Peat Coal products(1) 1.27 1.76 0.49 0.97 1.12 1.49 1.37 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

48.86 47.47 26.97 20.51 0.15 1.23

67.99 66.19 35.65 30.54 0.13 1.67

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal / lignite Peat Coal products(1)

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.314 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

United States 9. HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

2679

1083

2449

11271

24635

27506

32691

32865

30912

-

-

-

1547 1511 -

1987 182 1735 -

1603 144 1458 -

1533 72 1461 -

1515 1469 46

1580 1580 -

-

-

-

36 -

70 -

1

-

-

-

2679 933 49 645 -

1083 37 287 -

2449 22 883 5 -

9724 152 155 6

22648 86 764 68 40 103

25903 66 244 70 1 39

31158 150 288 1 96

31350 60 209 1 32

29332 135 140 1

996 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other 56 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

699 60

1296 238 5

18 6928 651 1813 1

132 15115 1979 31 240 56 4024 10

18 19247 2239 70 357 79 3387 85 1

39 22990 2855 56 853 3809 21

46 24370 3323 122 34 3107 46

41 23824 3060 34 2097 -

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other Former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.315

United States 10. COKING COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

27433

57246

57568

29780

24349

26001

24946

29198

38599

23813 956 5410 1468 560 2905 8991 505 929 68 265 688 299 409 360 -

49478 2819 5694 141 20 4082 1549 48 6 198 5546 19914 699 2390 252 305 2123 916 99 796 1881 -

47603 5532 3988 50 86 4501 636 28 6377 10019 2908 3 3606 99 234 3156 764 1906 3710 -

22696 2343 3501 288 2197 419 65 48 3297 852 1096 355 1735 42 198 1993 642 1584 2041 -

17660 1016 3431 212 1000 206 82 1786 2876 223 770 1648 32 88 1313 570 22 1151 1234 -

19414 239 1470 4034 260 1116 473 57 2203 1652 727 588 1548 18 1685 464 1642 1238 -

17475 30 1596 4134 301 1280 927 70 19 2976 298 132 338 1303 54 1222 426 1106 1263 -

18314 125 1424 3299 90 1584 1056 30 3076 129 316 1848 10 401 284 1337 483 1306 1516 -

25183 294 1650 3266 210 240 1884 1030 126 10 50 68 2612 1266 970 642 3072 78 1552 643 1172 523 257 1703 1865 -

3620 1342 205 218 673 1 914 24 243

7720 2864 148 749 853 642 1421 25 1018

9965 5219 357 586 50 1559 485 648 21 1040

6698 4093 116 682 22 56 443 269 184 833

6600 3076 448 739 764 121 381 257 366 448

6587 3113 280 1078 547 377 207 985

7471 3935 649 890 75 382 366 1174

10884 5813 1379 800 209 500 296 1887

13416 5457 71 1230 1439 1518 648 472 2581

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

48

-

386

89

-

-

-

-

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.316 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

United States 11. STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008e

9837

25981

38344

23226

19002

19094

19914

24161

35087

9370 8782 38 36 22 160 300 27 5 -

24198 1383 10136 1356 233 2984 746 4 159 924 1014 552 1834 24 970 4 1875 -

32669 1 2178 10083 2842 1740 320 15 1322 4451 2074 719 188 3982 1 62 1386 282 21 15 987 -

21978 278 13524 70 564 467 456 65 3181 508 373 643 74 343 441 55 936 -

17217 555 12680 67 376 122 1139 665 80 591 317 67 558 -

16914 411 13625 66 28 133 23 236 580 341 829 143 71 67 361 -

18450 363 13909 348 360 195 569 4 384 156 593 267 250 1052 -

20273 75 483 13386 72 176 578 1009 74 135 5 72 148 2278 258 1 1523 -

31433 1144 17553 139 185 1263 1256 66 74 287 306 255 457 3279 109 391 990 144 149 34 3352 -

95 11 1 82 1 -

1699 98 530 413 56 575 19 8

5673 79 3820 108 530 682 402 5 47

971 22 1 825 49 8 66

1725 883 1 224 135 358 95 29

2022 693 1 217 844 63 89 115

1464 176 3 71 927 190 19 4 74

3888 95 2 1 1069 2212 431 10 68

3527 328 72 73 1715 817 220 302

Non-Specified/Other 372 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

84

2

277

60

158

-

-

127

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt Hong Kong, China India Israel Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America Other Asia & Oceania Other Europe and FSU

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III - III.317

United States 12. COAL IMPORT VALUES BY ORIGIN* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne) 1988

1990

1995

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Coking coal(1)

..

..

..

52.73

59.82

111.68

120.55

105.88

129.17

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former USSR(2)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

39.47 54.68 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

51.71 61.37 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

61.90 116.62 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

65.04 123.29 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 107.23 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 129.17 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

29.67 36.86 36.50 33.76 40.10 47.39 50.55 Imports from: Australia 53.06 45.99 34.16 33.45 34.61 35.09 48.18 Canada 29.50 26.95 35.65 49.29 54.05 69.63 60.63 Czech Republic .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Poland .. .. .. .. .. .. .. United States .. .. .. .. .. .. .. China .. .. .. 54.09 60.26 103.19 109.06 Colombia 37.02 40.64 34.33 31.35 38.17 47.17 51.34 South Africa .. .. .. .. 104.43 .. 33.61 Former USSR(2) .. .. .. 59.59 94.40 63.72 57.81 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs.

49.53

61.88

34.93 59.70 .. .. .. 103.58 51.03 .. 60.80

58.63 53.24 .. .. .. .. 62.85 107.32 ..

Steam coal(3)

(1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former USSR until 1991, Russia starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.318 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART III

United States 13. COAL EXPORT VALUES BY DESTINATION* (average unit value, FOB, US$/tonne) 1988

1990

1995

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Coking coal(1)

48.69

51.55

48.47

49.11

70.14

89.91

111.72

98.10

148.39

Exports to: Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Japan Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom Other OECD Non-OECD

48.26 50.46 29.75 46.00 48.37 48.68 x 46.65 49.22 47.76 46.72 65.44 46.40 49.56 50.92 x 47.70 49.42 x x

52.98 41.81 30.83 49.30 49.93 51.40 x x 52.78 50.34 51.94 66.52 50.47 53.97 53.76 x 50.88 53.46 x x

50.67 40.31 x 47.01 49.69 52.38 x x 51.38 45.35 51.32 x 51.20 53.04 52.60 x 47.93 51.83 x x

50.48 40.37 x 48.12 55.56 38.11 x x 54.49 56.01 52.13 96.37 x 49.47 54.72 x 47.95 50.77 x x

66.19 55.21 x 65.30 71.81 50.95 x x 66.99 98.14 72.20 99.46 35.00 49.70 54.31 56.90 73.43 61.35 x x

88.93 71.82 x 86.04 99.69 111.12 x x 86.21 100.61 93.04 109.84 x 77.98 69.27 x 111.52 92.21 x x

99.65 85.70 x 90.82 102.30 108.85 x x 104.96 89.80 95.44 x x 97.67 100.90 x 102.15 108.20 x x

98.07 84.83 x 103.00 96.39 92.86 x x 104.34 x 94.55 122.19 x 102.18 104.18 x 96.89 99.41 x x

127.74 100.31 61.92 241.61 126.48 121.70 147.74 90.00 121.55 157.59 129.86 144.71 x 131.61 117.30 116.02 224.53 133.40 x x

42.06 39.99 38.94 37.00 53.93 67.09 55.66 Exports to: Belgium 36.73 41.48 38.66 34.26 46.26 58.94 58.36 Canada 42.50 33.62 33.74 38.12 46.69 60.16 49.06 Denmark 33.34 37.89 35.09 31.05 38.00 42.00 59.11 Finland x x 39.17 28.28 x x 56.58 France 38.45 40.87 38.72 361.32 114.68 40.17 64.19 Germany 52.99 38.83 36.72 29.34 37.13 48.08 69.89 Greece 44.09 x 40.89 62.64 x x x Ireland 45.85 43.05 39.75 31.44 x x x Italy 44.17 44.93 45.97 46.67 46.90 89.78 51.04 Japan 39.94 41.76 38.61 166.40 91.47 105.21 166.53 Netherlands 41.93 43.17 40.53 33.13 43.79 76.28 69.91 Norway 47.69 58.16 x x x x x Portugal 41.97 44.04 39.99 34.47 45.22 50.33 56.43 Spain 63.83 39.25 45.59 25.90 29.02 61.22 49.43 Sweden 40.47 38.57 53.51 44.78 260.00 117.24 x Switzerland x x x x x x x Turkey 44.09 23.41 34.12 44.93 44.97 104.55 46.09 United Kingdom 41.09 47.41 37.01 29.88 38.73 74.26 52.59 Other OECD x x x x x x x Non-OECD x x x x x x x Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high export costs.

52.61

62.76

66.32 44.34 84.60 99.11 91.66 63.28 x 73.21 76.87 198.41 69.83 x 59.75 45.82 x x 44.99 51.74 x x

89.15 38.83 96.49 125.87 102.43 83.25 72.00 101.56 116.28 143.02 79.14 x 67.00 72.22 56.00 65.00 82.72 68.99 x x

Steam coal(1)

(1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. * Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.1

PART IV NON-OECD COAL DATA

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.3

GENERAL NOTES In Part IV, the statistical tables on world hard coal supply and end-use and on coal production, consumption and trade for the major non-OECD countries supplement the information presented in Parts I and II of this book1.

World hard coal supply and end-use statistics This section provides historical data for world hard coal supply and end-use for 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 and from 2005 to 2007. These data summarise information published in the IEA/OECD publications Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, 2009 Edition, Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries, 2009 Edition and Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries, 2009 Edition. In cases where it is available, estimated coal trade statistics are shown for 2008.

Coal balances These tables show all coal use for selected non-OECD countries in a format whereby coal production, imports, exports and stock changes “balance” transformation uses and final consumption. The transformation of coal into secondary products is clearly accounted for. Data for 2008 are preliminary and revised in the IEA quarterly publication Oil, Gas, Coal and Electricity Quarterly Statistics.

Calorific values used to convert primary coal data for OECD countries to million tons of coal equivalent (Mtce) are reported on page xxviii. Calorific values of coal in non-OECD countries are published annually in Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries.

Coal trade Trade tables show steam and coking coal imports and exports by origin and destination for major nonOECD coal importers and exporters. In order to provide a breakdown of trade between steam coal and coking coal, the data have been gathered from a variety of sources, including from official submissions by OECD Member countries to the IEA Secretariat and UNECE Member countries to the UNECE Secretariat (in Geneva), published national sources for each country and from commercial publications. Data reported by exporting countries have been used where no importing country detail is available. Similarly, importing country data have been used in cases where exporting countries do not provide a breakdown of their exports by coal type. Due to classification anomalies and differences in reporting methods and time periods covered, the detailed data in the trade tables may not agree with coal trade data presented elsewhere in Coal Information.

1. Data for Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine are available only after 1990. Data for all former USSR republics as well as data for the total Former USSR before 1990 are available on CD.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.5

WORLD HARD COAL SUPPLY AND END-USE 1980 (million tonnes) End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1335.1 71.6 8.0 20.2 27.7 20.2 94.5 0.9 0.1 18.0 18.6 3.1 1.9 193.1 0.2 12.8 0.0 3.6 130.1 710.2 0.3

217.8 0.0 2.9 10.1 15.6 2.3 10.0 4.7 29.4 16.2 0.5 0.8 1.2 17.2 68.6 5.0 0.8 7.2 1.0 0.4 5.7 2.2 0.9 7.3 1.1 6.7

196.5 42.4 0.5 15.3 5.8 0.0 0.4 12.7 0.0 0.1 1.5 0.1 30.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 83.2 0.1

301.0 7.4 2.4 8.0 7.4 13.5 0.1 15.7 38.9 0.4 1.4 11.3 66.0 4.7 4.0 3.7 0.2 25.4 0.3 5.9 1.7 2.6 13.7 62.9 3.6

820.8 23.9 0.0 5.5 12.7 9.3 4.8 24.5 45.1 0.0 5.0 9.6 1.9 2.4 0.3 92.6 0.2 9.5 0.1 0.8 92.0 478.7 2.1

41.1 0.0 0.3 1.3 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.1 2.7 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 19.7 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.2 8.9 2.5 0.0

Non-OECD Europe Former USSR Former Yugoslavia Other non-OECD Europe

561.7 553.0 0.4 8.3

21.5 7.3 3.4 10.8

29.4 29.4 -

142.1 131.5 3.3 7.2

161.0 154.9 0.3 5.8

0.0 0.0 -

Asia PR of China Hong Kong, China India Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia

775.8 620.2 111.0 0.3 34.1 2.6 7.6

8.6 2.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.5 4.6 0.9

7.3 6.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6

150.6 127.3 17.4 4.3 1.5 0.1

179.7 126.5 44.0 5.3 2.4 1.5

120.8 115.7 4.4 0.6

Africa and Middle East Egypt Israel South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East

120.8 115.1 2.8 2.9

2.2 0.8 0.0 0.1 1.3

28.6 28.2 0.2 0.2

17.4 0.9 13.8 1.0 1.8

53.5 52.3 0.4 0.8

2.4 2.3 0.0 0.0

7.5 1.7 4.2 1.6

6.4 4.5 1.8

0.1 0.1 -

7.8 5.7 0.7 1.4

1.9 0.1 0.7 1.1

0.2 0.2 -

Total world 2800.9 256.5 261.8 618.8 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

1216.9

164.5

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America

(1) Fiscal year. See Principles and Definitions. (2) Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.6 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV

WORLD HARD COAL SUPPLY AND END-USE 1985 (million tonnes) End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1385.9 122.3 7.7 34.3 26.4 17.1 88.8 0.6 0.1 16.4 22.5 5.2 0.1 2.3 191.6 0.2 16.1 0.0 3.6 94.1 735.9 0.5

270.3 3.6 9.3 14.6 1.4 12.5 5.1 18.8 15.5 2.0 0.5 1.9 22.2 93.4 17.1 0.6 11.6 1.1 1.4 8.4 4.9 2.7 12.7 1.8 7.1

258.0 88.6 1.3 27.4 5.4 0.1 0.0 1.0 9.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.4 36.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 2.4 84.0 0.2

259.8 5.8 2.4 7.8 6.4 12.6 0.1 12.0 31.7 0.9 0.0 10.5 69.3 7.3 3.8 4.1 0.1 20.5 0.4 5.2 1.6 3.7 10.3 39.4 4.0

941.9 30.0 0.1 5.1 13.3 11.3 4.1 16.1 49.7 0.3 0.1 8.9 23.8 6.9 1.5 4.9 0.5 95.8 0.4 16.6 1.8 0.6 75.7 572.2 2.1

41.2 0.0 0.4 1.4 0.1 2.1 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.4 0.0 0.1 1.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 20.4 0.0 0.6 0.5 8.6 2.6 0.0

578.3 569.0 0.4 8.9

30.7 11.4 4.7 14.6

31.2 31.2 -

138.1 124.0 4.7 9.4

167.2 160.6 0.3 6.2

-

1041.2 837.3 150.5 1.9 40.0 1.9 9.8

25.6 2.3 5.5 2.0 2.5 10.1 3.2

10.0 7.8 0.2 1.1 0.3 0.6

134.8 107.5 18.9 5.0 2.7 0.7

273.4 179.0 5.2 74.7 6.0 5.2 3.3

161.4 156.2 4.6 0.5

180.1 173.5 3.1 3.5

6.8 1.2 3.1 0.0 2.5

47.8 47.6 0.1 0.1

17.6 1.2 13.0 0.8 2.6

68.9 2.9 64.0 0.9 1.1

1.9 1.9 0.1 0.0

12.3 1.7 8.8 1.9

9.7 8.0 1.6

3.2 3.2 -

11.8 9.5 0.8 1.5

2.4 0.1 1.1 1.2

0.2 0.2 0.0

Total world 3197.8 343.0 350.2 562.1 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

1453.8

204.7

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Non-OECD Europe Former USSR Former Yugoslavia Other non-OECD Europe Asia PR of China Hong Kong, China India Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia Africa and Middle East Egypt Israel South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America

(1) Fiscal year. See Principles and Definitions. (2) Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.7

WORLD HARD COAL SUPPLY AND END-USE 1990 (million tonnes) End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1447.6 158.6 2.4 37.7 14.4 11.2 76.6 0.2 0.0 0.1 8.0 17.2 6.9 2.4 147.7 0.3 14.6 0.0 2.7 92.8 853.6 0.3

305.0 3.6 14.8 14.2 10.3 6.1 19.4 13.6 1.4 0.6 3.1 20.4 106.9 23.7 0.2 17.4 0.0 0.6 4.7 10.5 3.5 5.6 14.8 2.4 7.3

275.2 103.4 0.7 31.0 4.5 0.1 0.6 5.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.3 28.1 0.0 0.0 2.3 95.9 0.3

242.8 6.3 2.3 7.3 5.0 9.9 0.8 11.1 24.1 1.0 0.0 8.8 66.8 11.9 2.9 3.9 18.3 0.3 4.8 1.6 4.7 10.2 37.0 3.9

1023.5 38.2 1.4 6.6 12.2 9.4 3.9 11.0 51.9 2.0 10.8 31.1 7.7 4.0 8.7 0.3 77.6 3.3 18.9 1.2 0.5 84.0 637.0 2.0

23.5 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 10.9 0.0 0.5 1.4 4.2 2.3 0.1

517.2 512.3 0.3 4.6

119.0 106.5 1.0 11.5

139.9 139.9 -

117.4 109.9 0.8 6.7

246.1 238.5 0.3 7.3

22.4 22.2 0.2

1314.3 1050.7 211.2 6.8 35.7 0.5 9.5

43.5 2.0 8.9 6.0 2.6 18.5 5.4

23.6 17.3 0.1 4.9 0.5 0.8

169.3 134.0 24.9 5.1 4.2 1.1

449.5 302.0 9.9 119.5 5.6 8.6 3.9

172.8 167.0 5.4 0.4

183.3 174.8 5.3 3.1

8.1 1.3 4.0 0.1 2.7

50.1 49.9 0.1 0.1

16.4 1.3 12.3 0.9 2.0

82.8 0.0 3.7 74.3 2.7 2.2

2.4 2.3 0.1 0.0

26.8 0.6 21.4 4.7

13.3 10.1 3.2

15.4 13.5 1.9

12.9 10.3 0.8 1.8

4.3 0.0 1.5 2.7

0.2 0.2 0.0

Total world 3489.2 489.1 504.2 558.9 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

1806.2

221.3

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Non-OECD Europe Former USSR Former Yugoslavia Other non-OECD Europe Asia PR of China Hong Kong, China India Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia Africa and Middle East Egypt Israel South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America

(1) Fiscal year. See Principles and Definitions. (2) Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.8 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV

WORLD HARD COAL SUPPLY AND END-USE 1995 (million tonnes) End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1397.9 191.1 0.0 0.6 38.6 10.8 8.5 58.9 0.0 6.3 5.7 9.3 3.2 137.2 13.5 2.2 53.0 858.6 0.3

349.3 3.0 14.1 9.7 0.9 13.0 5.8 13.2 15.1 1.4 1.4 2.9 18.5 127.4 45.8 0.8 17.2 1.5 6.0 13.4 3.5 5.9 15.9 6.5 6.4

296.4 136.7 0.0 0.8 34.0 5.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.9 0.0 0.0 2.9 1.3 31.9 0.0 0.9 80.3 0.2

210.1 6.1 1.9 4.9 4.2 6.6 1.7 9.4 13.8 1.4 7.0 62.9 14.1 2.7 4.0 16.6 0.5 3.3 1.7 4.2 8.1 31.3 3.5

1098.0 40.6 1.1 6.2 9.6 10.4 4.1 8.8 55.1 0.1 2.3 8.2 47.6 16.7 7.6 9.3 0.3 55.8 4.6 23.3 0.9 1.2 59.6 723.0 1.6

23.7 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 13.9 0.4 1.3 2.8 2.8 0.0

318.2 317.5 0.1 0.6

51.4 42.9 0.2 8.3

49.6 49.6 0.0 -

84.4 77.9 0.0 6.4

183.4 181.1 0.1 2.2

15.4 15.4 -

1685.5 1343.0 268.3 35.5 23.7 0.2 14.8

62.0 1.6 9.1 12.5 0.6 1.0 28.7 8.3

63.9 28.6 0.7 31.3 0.4 2.9

270.4 232.9 31.2 1.0 4.2 1.1

728.0 502.3 9.7 190.5 4.0 16.4 5.1

141.0 134.8 5.4 0.8

214.2 206.2 4.7 3.3

12.4 1.5 7.1 0.4 3.5

59.9 59.7 0.2 0.0

12.2 1.7 7.7 0.7 2.0

99.2 6.6 86.4 2.8 3.4

2.6 2.6 0.0 0.0

31.3 0.2 25.7 5.5

15.7 11.8 3.9

22.6 18.3 4.3

13.9 11.4 1.1 1.4

4.7 0.0 1.8 2.9

0.2 0.2 0.0

Total world 3647.2 490.7 492.4 590.9 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

2113.3

182.9

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Non-OECD Europe Former USSR Former Yugoslavia Other non-OECD Europe Asia PR of China Hong Kong, China India Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia Africa and Middle East Egypt Israel South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America

(1) Fiscal year. See Principles and Definitions. (2) Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.9

WORLD HARD COAL SUPPLY AND END-USE 2000 (million tonnes) End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1387.9 239.4 0.4 33.8 8.1 3.8 37.4 3.0 4.2 11.3 3.6 103.3 11.3 2.4 31.2 894.0 0.6

441.8 3.4 11.3 18.8 0.2 6.4 5.1 19.0 27.9 1.2 1.2 2.7 19.0 150.3 63.7 2.4 22.3 1.5 6.4 21.6 3.1 13.0 23.4 11.3 6.3

312.6 187.0 1.4 32.1 3.4 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.1 1.5 23.2 0.0 0.7 53.0 0.6

192.2 4.9 1.9 4.3 4.2 4.6 1.3 7.0 11.6 1.3 6.7 60.0 16.4 2.7 3.0 13.2 0.5 3.8 1.8 4.3 8.2 27.3 3.2

1247.2 51.1 1.4 4.4 15.7 6.2 3.5 10.4 51.8 0.0 2.3 9.5 64.9 36.2 9.6 8.6 0.5 51.7 5.2 28.1 0.5 1.9 46.9 835.5 1.4

14.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.5 0.1 0.8 1.9 2.2 0.0

289.7 289.2 0.1 0.4

41.4 34.5 0.9 6.0

68.0 68.0 0.0 -

83.8 80.1 0.1 3.6

144.0 141.3 0.6 2.1

16.5 16.4 0.0

1645.3 1231.2 311.4 62.8 22.5 0.1 17.2

86.2 2.2 6.1 20.9 0.1 0.1 40.7 16.1

117.8 55.1 1.3 57.3 0.4 3.7

228.7 195.5 26.3 0.1 5.9 1.0

923.9 613.0 6.9 259.5 3.8 28.7 12.0

78.3 71.7 5.6 1.0

231.7 0.1 224.2 4.3 3.2

19.0 1.8 9.9 1.1 0.0 6.1

70.5 0.1 69.9 0.0 0.5

12.1 1.9 6.8 1.0 2.3

114.8 10.2 98.1 2.0 4.4

1.6 1.5 0.0 0.0

46.9 0.2 38.2 8.5

19.7 13.2 6.5

43.3 35.4 7.9

14.8 12.1 1.2 1.5

5.0 0.1 0.8 4.1

0.1 0.1 -

Total world 3601.5 608.0 612.2 531.7 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

2435.0

110.5

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Non-OECD Europe Former USSR Former Yugoslavia Other non-OECD Europe Asia PR of China Hong Kong, China India Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia Africa and Middle East Egypt Israel South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America

(1) Fiscal year. See Principles and Definitions. (2) Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.10 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV

WORLD HARD COAL SUPPLY AND END-USE 2005 (million tonnes) End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1476.9 300.2 0.1 29.1 7.1 0.6 28.0 0.1 2.8 10.8 5.0 97.9 8.5 2.2 20.5 962.4 1.5

538.9 4.3 8.8 14.1 0.5 6.0 4.7 19.9 37.1 0.6 1.4 2.9 24.2 177.0 76.8 7.3 20.4 1.1 3.4 5.3 24.8 3.2 17.4 44.0 27.5 6.3

340.9 231.3 0.0 1.2 28.1 3.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.4 2.3 19.4 0.0 0.5 45.1 1.7

180.0 5.4 1.9 3.5 4.3 4.4 1.3 6.4 11.6 0.8 5.9 62.9 16.6 2.4 3.2 11.6 3.8 2.0 4.3 5.6 18.7 3.3

1243.2 62.6 1.9 3.0 13.2 5.9 2.9 10.3 47.4 0.2 2.3 16.0 92.3 52.7 14.9 8.3 2.4 50.9 5.4 27.9 0.4 5.2 52.5 762.9 1.6

11.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.0 0.3 1.0 0.6 0.0

352.2 352.1 0.0

41.2 32.3 1.7 7.3

115.1 115.1 -

90.3 85.9 0.6 3.8

151.5 148.0 0.9 2.6

5.4 5.2 0.0 0.2

2776.3 2158.9 404.5 143.6 26.9 42.5

163.6 26.2 10.8 38.6 0.1 0.2 55.5 32.3

222.9 71.7 2.0 127.4 2.8 19.0

431.2 382.5 42.0 0.2 5.9 0.6

1575.4 1166.4 10.0 331.3 4.0 41.4 22.3

84.6 77.5 5.5 1.5

252.1 0.0 245.0 3.6 3.4

23.7 1.8 12.7 1.9 0.1 7.3

72.0 0.1 71.4 0.5

12.5 1.8 7.6 0.8 2.3

130.4 12.7 109.2 2.3 6.2

4.9 4.9 0.0 0.1

67.4 0.5 59.1 7.8

21.4 13.7 0.0 7.7

60.8 53.6 7.2

15.5 12.9 1.0 1.6

6.1 0.1 1.0 5.0

0.1 0.1 0.0

Total world 4924.8 788.9 811.7 729.5 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

3106.5

106.3

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Non-OECD Europe Former USSR Former Yugoslavia Other non-OECD Europe Asia PR of China Hong Kong, China India Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia Africa and Middle East Egypt Israel South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America

(1) Fiscal year. See Principles and Definitions. (2) Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.11

WORLD HARD COAL SUPPLY AND END-USE 2006 (million tonnes) End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1499.7 299.7 0.0 29.9 7.7 0.5 23.8 0.0 2.8 11.5 5.5 95.2 8.4 2.3 18.5 991.5 2.4

573.8 4.1 8.1 15.9 1.0 8.7 6.7 20.4 42.1 0.4 1.8 2.6 24.6 179.1 79.7 7.6 22.8 1.2 5.3 5.8 23.7 3.1 20.3 50.5 32.7 5.6

342.2 231.3 1.1 28.0 4.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.9 2.7 16.7 0.0 0.0 0.4 44.9 2.3

184.5 4.7 1.9 3.7 4.3 4.4 1.2 6.6 12.0 1.3 6.4 63.2 16.7 2.5 3.1 13.3 3.8 2.3 4.8 6.1 19.0 3.3

1272.2 64.0 2.0 2.6 15.0 8.9 6.3 8.6 50.0 0.2 2.0 15.9 89.5 55.1 14.7 8.2 2.3 53.1 5.4 24.5 0.6 5.5 57.8 778.3 1.6

12.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0 0.3 0.9 0.6 0.0

364.0 364.0 0.0

46.5 37.9 1.9 6.8

122.3 122.3 0.0 -

88.6 84.2 0.7 3.7

171.6 168.1 0.8 2.7

7.5 7.3 0.0 0.2

3019.2 2320.2 428.2 195.8 27.2 47.8

187.4 38.1 11.4 43.1 0.1 0.2 57.1 37.4

261.1 63.2 1.6 171.4 2.5 22.4

491.7 439.7 45.6 0.2 5.8 0.5

1771.5 1333.3 9.9 355.4 4.1 42.9 26.0

82.2 74.8 5.6 1.8

252.0 0.0 244.8 3.4 3.7

24.1 1.8 12.8 1.9 0.0 7.6

69.4 0.1 68.7 0.5

12.0 1.7 7.1 0.8 2.4

132.2 12.7 110.7 2.2 6.5

5.6 5.5 0.0 0.0

74.1 0.2 65.6 8.3

22.0 13.4 8.6

69.4 62.0 7.4

15.1 12.5 0.9 1.7

7.2 0.1 1.1 6.0

0.1 0.1 -

Total world 5209.0 853.7 864.3 792.0 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

3354.7

107.5

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Non-OECD Europe Former USSR Former Yugoslavia Other non-OECD Europe Asia PR of China Hong Kong, China India Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia Africa and Middle East Egypt Israel South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America

(1) Fiscal year. See Principles and Definitions. (2) Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.12 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV

WORLD HARD COAL SUPPLY AND END-USE 2007 (million tonnes) End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1510.3 323.8 32.8 7.7 0.4 24.2 0.2 2.9 12.5 4.6 88.3 7.9 2.5 17.0 981.7 4.0

591.0 4.4 7.4 17.1 1.1 8.1 6.7 18.7 46.3 0.6 2.0 2.3 25.0 187.0 88.3 5.5 26.0 0.7 5.9 4.8 24.4 3.2 22.9 43.4 32.9 6.4

364.3 243.6 0.0 1.5 29.7 4.8 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.9 2.0 11.9 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.5 53.4 3.4

184.5 4.7 1.9 3.5 4.3 4.2 1.2 6.5 11.7 1.5 6.2 63.8 16.8 2.5 3.1 14.1 0.0 3.9 2.1 4.5 6.1 18.7 3.3

1265.4 63.0 2.0 2.2 15.8 7.5 5.5 9.3 52.3 0.3 1.8 17.0 94.3 60.9 14.7 8.7 1.2 53.0 4.4 27.2 0.4 5.9 53.0 763.5 1.3

11.9 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.6 0.3 1.0 0.6 0.0

370.6 370.4 0.2

48.6 38.8 2.0 7.8

131.3 131.2 0.0 0.1

93.9 89.9 0.7 3.2

167.2 163.1 0.9 3.2

5.8 5.6 0.3

3227.9 2466.4 454.4 230.2 23.9 53.0

218.3 51.0 12.3 49.8 0.1 0.1 59.3 45.7

288.8 53.1 1.6 197.0 3.7 33.4

542.3 484.0 51.8 0.1 5.7 0.6

1926.9 1459.4 10.6 376.8 3.4 43.8 32.8

79.3 71.7 5.8 1.8

254.8 0.0 247.7 3.2 3.9

24.6 1.7 13.5 1.7 0.0 7.6

66.4 0.1 65.8 0.5

11.4 1.7 6.7 0.7 2.3

138.3 13.4 116.4 2.1 6.5

5.7 5.6 0.0 0.0

78.2 0.2 69.9 8.1

25.6 14.9 10.8

72.0 64.6 7.4

16.5 13.8 0.9 1.8

7.9 0.1 1.2 6.6

0.1 0.1 -

Total world 5441.9 908.1 922.9 848.5 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

3505.6

102.8

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Non-OECD Europe Former USSR Former Yugoslavia Other non-OECD Europe Asia PR of China Hong Kong, China India Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia Africa and Middle East Egypt Israel South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America

(1) Fiscal year. See Principles and Definitions. (2) Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.13

Brazil COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-07

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

3.6 5.3 -0.4

5.1 8.6 0.7

2.8 11.3 -0.2

2.9 13.9 0.0

3.7 14.7 0.1

3.3 14.5 -0.0 0.4

3.4 16.1 -0.0 -0.1

-2.5 7.9 x

1.2 2.1 x

Primary supply

8.5

14.4

13.8

16.9

18.5

18.3

19.4

5.0

2.0

Statistical difference

0.2

0.2

0.1

-0.1

0.1

-0.1

-0.1

x

x

Total transformation

-4.0

-6.2

-6.7

-8.0

-9.7

-8.3

-8.6

5.2

1.5

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-1.3 -1.0 -0.3

-2.0 -1.5 -0.5

-2.1 -1.4 -0.7

-2.5 -1.9 -0.6

-4.6 -3.3 -1.3

-4.4 -3.0 -1.4

-4.3 -2.8 -1.5

5.3 3.6 10.3

4.2 4.0 4.6

-

-0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-2.8 -2.0 -0.7 -

-4.2 -3.1 -1.1 -

-4.6 -3.2 -1.4 -

-5.5 -4.3 -1.2 -

-5.1 -4.3 -0.8 -

-3.9 -3.3 -0.6 -

-4.3 -3.7 -0.6 -

5.2 4.6 6.6 -

-0.3 1.0 -5.1 -

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.4

-0.8

-0.8

-0.9

-0.8

-0.8

-0.9

6.1

0.8

-0.9

-1.5

-0.9

-1.0

-0.5

-0.4

-0.4

x

x

3.3

6.1

5.5

6.9

7.7

8.7

9.4

5.2

3.2

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

3.1 2.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

5.7 3.7 0.2 1.4 0.2

5.3 3.7 0.1 0.9 0.2

6.8 5.3 0.2 0.6 0.1

7.4 6.0 0.1 0.3 0.1

8.5 6.8 0.1 0.2 0.1

9.1 7.4 0.1 0.2 0.1

5.6 4.2 47.6 7.2 8.3

3.2 4.1 -0.2 -8.4 -3.7

Transport sector(6)

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-

0.0

0.0

-12.3

6.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-energy use 0.2 0.3 0.2 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

-0.9

1.8

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

Other sectors

(4)

(5)

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors include commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the * respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for further information.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.14 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV

Brazil HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

Hard coal

3547

4515

8049

10146

11790

14833

13398

14800

17674

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

3503 164 600 15 2724 -

4405 626 275 2876 -

7958 958 899 861 5240 -

9801 1291 1108 1249 5219 -

11438 3448 625 790 5498 -

10695 5247 1382 4066 -

9126 2815 1405 62 3500 248

10330 3571 1234 4888 135

11312 3866 939 5437 97

-

328 300 -

-

254 670 10

85 932 39 21

-

151 221 65 551 108

125 133 244 -

664 166 19 1 123

44 11 -

110 12 98 -

91 13 78 -

345 158 98 5 5 79 -

352 140 37 13 -

4138 18 2 -

4272 136 437 -

4470 1359 45 214 169

6362 29 846 350 199

Venezuela 33 Vietnam Non-specified/other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

-

-

-

62 100 -

585 149 468 1919 997 -

666 961 479 1236 357 -

139 476 145 752 73 755 343 -

230 1207 70 1530 570 31 1096 160 44

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.15

Bulgaria COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-07

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

7.4 6.1 -0.1

7.5 7.4 -

7.7 5.5 -0.1 0.1

7.6 3.5 -0.0 -0.2

6.2 3.5 -0.2 -0.2

6.2 3.5 -0.0 0.3

6.9 4.4 -0.0 -0.0

0.4 -1.0 x

-0.7 -1.3 -19.8 x

Primary supply

13.4

15.0

13.2

10.9

9.2

10.0

11.2

-0.2

-1.0

Statistical difference

-0.0

0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

0.0

0.0

x

x

Total transformation

-8.3

-8.5

-10.6

-9.0

-7.7

-8.7

-9.8

2.5

-0.5

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-7.7 -7.4 -0.2

-7.8 -7.6 -0.3

-10.2 -9.4 -0.7

-8.2 -7.3 -0.9

-7.1 -6.8 -0.2

-8.2 -8.0 -0.2

-9.3 -9.1 -0.2

2.9 2.5 11.6

-0.5 -0.2 -6.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.6 0.0 -0.5 -0.2 -

-0.7 -0.1 -0.4 -0.2 -

-0.5 -0.0 -0.0 -0.4 -

-0.8 -0.0 -0.5 -0.3 -

-0.7 -0.0 -0.4 -0.3 -

-0.4 -0.0 -0.4 -0.1 -

-0.5 -0.1 -0.3 -0.1 -

-3.1 -21.1 7.1 -

0.5 10.1 12.8 -10.5 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Own use

-

-

-0.2

-0.2

-0.4

-0.2

-0.2

-

0.9

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-0.0

x

x

5.1

6.5

2.3

1.6

1.0

1.1

1.2

-7.6

-4.0

3.6 0.5 -

5.2 0.7 -

1.2 0.8 0.2 0.1 -

0.9 0.6 0.1 0.1 -

0.7 0.2 0.2 0.1 -

0.7 0.3 0.1 0.1 -

0.8 0.3 0.1 0.2 -

-10.2 3.6 -

-2.3 -5.1 -2.6 5.2 -

-

-

-

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

1.5 1.2

1.3 1.1

1.1 0.0 1.0

0.7 0.0 0.7

0.3 0.3

0.4 0.0 0.4

0.3 0.0 0.3

-3.1 -2.2

-6.8 -9.0 -6.7

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

-

-

-

-

-

-

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors include commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the * respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for further information.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.16 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV

Bulgaria HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

Hard coal

6201

6732

8054

5790

3453

1184

3902

4268

4913

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

1921 -

1926 -

1553 29 -

1100 44 -

1734 177 542 5

536 140 298 -

948 156 87 532 -

667 35 544 -

419 318 28

1921 -

1926 -

-

156 900 -

100 110 800 -

98 -

135 38 -

34 32 22

56 13 4

4280 -

4806 -

6501 -

4690 -

1719 5 4

648 -

2954 35 -

3601 88

4494 30

4280 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

4806 -

-

4690 -

60 1010 640 -

285 363 -

34 1333 1446 106 -

70 890 2099 319 135

33 1280 2735 372 44

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.17

People's Republic of China COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-07

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

443.9 1.5 -6.0 7.1

584.4 1.7 -7.4 -18.9

748.4 1.5 -17.3 22.5

965.5 1.2 -35.0 -2.7

927.7 2.1 -65.1 29.1

1763.5 29.4 -72.9 4.3

1874.5 39.7 -64.5 -13.8

5.4 -0.0 11.1 x

5.5 21.3 8.1 x

Primary supply

446.5

559.8

755.1

929.0

893.8

1724.3

1835.8

5.4

5.4

Statistical difference

-15.6

-15.7

-36.8

43.0

9.9

18.0

43.9

x

x

Total transformation

-115.5

-146.8

-247.4

-415.3

-491.2

-1115.2

-1219.3

7.9

9.8

-88.7 -88.2 -0.5

-122.4 -121.8 -0.6

-209.8 -208.6 -1.2

-350.4 -347.9 -2.5

-450.1 -445.7 -4.4

-978.8 -966.7 -12.2

-1069.1 -1058.1 -11.0

9.0 9.0 9.5

10.1 10.0 13.8

-1.1

-0.7

-3.2

-5.5

-5.9

-9.5

-10.6

11.2

7.2

-25.7 -17.0 -8.7 -

-23.8 -17.6 -6.2 -

-34.3 -26.6 -7.7 -

-59.4 -49.6 -9.8 -0.1

-35.2 -32.6 -2.4 -0.1

-126.8 -100.9 -23.1 -2.9

-139.6 -110.9 -25.7 -3.0

2.9 4.6 -1.2 -

8.6 8.8 7.4 -

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-4.5

-8.3

-21.3

-39.7

-44.9

-66.6

-72.8

16.8

7.5

-

-

-

-

-0.1

-

-

x

x

310.9

388.9

449.6

517.0

367.4

560.4

587.6

3.8

1.6

194.6 53.8 42.1 32.5 5.5

223.8 36.1 31.1 59.4 8.5

253.0 43.4 31.7 70.4 10.0

350.8 74.2 61.3 95.5 14.0

260.4 73.1 40.9 74.3 8.9

427.2 168.6 43.7 121.3 12.2

454.9 186.1 47.9 123.4 12.3

2.7 -2.1 -2.8 8.0 6.2

3.5 8.9 2.5 3.4 1.2

13.6

15.8

14.1

9.1

7.8

5.2

4.7

0.4

-6.2

102.7 3.2 80.7

137.6 4.9 106.7

155.1 8.6 116.9

137.5 7.9 100.5

86.8 7.2 60.3

94.3 7.5 63.6

92.0 7.3 61.1

4.2 10.3 3.8

-3.0 -0.9 -3.7

Non-energy use 11.7 27.4 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

19.7

12.4

33.8

36.0

-

1.6

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors include commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the * respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for further information.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.18 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV

People's Republic of China HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2440

1990

2307

2003

1635

2119

38103

47625

45616

-

-

200 200 -

900 600 300 -

354 248 106

547 547 -

4661 1762 90 70

6215 2285 221 366

10269 1435 560 10 186

-

-

-

-

-

-

1387 20 4 1328

419 60 14 2850

4160 214 3704

2440 -

1990 -

2107 -

1103 -

1281 1064 -

1572 1034 -

33442 4893 -

41410 2234 456

35347 2547 179 128 -

Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other 2440 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

1990

2107

1103

171 46 -

141 325 72 -

3216 1056 1 22146 2130

10277 208 11 24611 3613

11634 546 20 16906 3387

Hard coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.19

People's Republic of China COKING COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

300

1400

2500

4000

4555

6470

4344

3006

4652

300 300 -

979 979 -

1211 1211 -

1302 1301 1 -

3312 63 63 2201 985 -

5989 3631 2358 -

4126 2256 1641 35 155 39

2656 1456 1200 -

3516 10 2178 1033 191 104 -

-

421 300 121 -

1289 400 889 -

2698 100 400 2198 -

1243 57 48 125 2 1011 -

481 21 360 100 -

218 184 34 -

350 74 56 220 -

1136 664 216 256 -

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russia Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.20 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV

People's Republic of China STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

2820

4920

5270

13280

24062

48578

58869

50677

42718

534 21 513 -

1703 83 209 53 1086 200 72 -

2663 112 29 46 9 2427 1 34 5

6879 292 57 100 1776 8 310 3258 838 152 4 8 69 7

17482 406 956 57 455 7717 7362 449 80 -

33172 109 114 452 228 383 12585 18760 2 146 36 199 43 107 8 -

36157 208 16313 17283 197 2062 38 56 -

35455 170 187 14159 18579 49 10 2280 21 -

29073 134 254 11407 16118 11 1057 24 68

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russia Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

2286 2286 -

3217 2517 700 -

2607 700 1907 -

6401 1708 4693 -

6580 29 3988 1469 264 13 103 714 -

15406 585 9076 1963 1562 36 2182 2 -

22702 129 14646 944 5141 1 15 8 1810 8

15222 208 12691 673 482 23 1142 3

13645 168 10831 475 790 128 1252 1

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

-

-

-

-

-

10

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.21

Chinese Taipei COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-07

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2.3 4.5 -0.0 -1.2

1.6 9.5 -0.0 -0.8

0.4 17.5 -0.0 -1.6

0.2 27.2 -2.6

0.1 41.4 -0.0 1.2

57.1 -0.0 0.0

59.9 -0.0 -0.2

-15.6 14.7 13.6 x

7.5 -4.7 x

Primary supply

5.6

10.3

16.3

24.8

42.7

57.1

59.7

11.3

8.0

Statistical difference

0.0

-0.1

-0.2

-0.9

-1.7

-0.6

-0.5

x

x

Total transformation

-2.4

-6.1

-10.1

-17.1

-32.1

-45.2

-47.0

15.5

9.5

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-2.2 -2.2 -

-5.2 -4.8 -0.4

-8.4 -7.3 -1.2

-15.5 -12.6 -2.9

-29.9 -22.7 -7.2

-43.1 -32.8 -10.3

-44.5 -33.6 -10.9

14.3 12.6 -

10.3 9.4 14.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.2 -0.2 -

-1.0 -0.9 -0.1 -

-1.7 -1.4 -0.2 -

-1.6 -1.4 -0.1 -

-2.3 -2.0 -0.2 -

-2.0 -1.9 -0.1 -

-2.5 -2.3 -0.2 -

24.8 2.4 -

2.4 2.9 -1.4 -

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.0

-0.3

-0.9

-1.3

-1.9

-2.5

-2.6

39.8

6.7

-

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.1

-0.0

x

x

3.1

3.6

5.1

5.6

6.9

8.7

9.7

5.0

3.8

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

3.0 1.2 0.2 1.2 0.1

3.5 0.7 0.4 2.2 0.1

4.9 1.0 1.0 2.5 0.3

5.3 1.1 1.4 2.4 0.4

6.7 1.8 2.6 2.0 0.3

8.4 1.9 3.8 2.3 0.4

9.3 1.9 4.8 2.1 0.3

5.0 -1.8 16.1 7.4 11.3

3.8 3.7 9.8 -1.1 1.5

Transport sector(6)

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.1 0.0

0.1 0.0 -

0.0 -

-

0.0 -

-

-

-23.3 -

-

Non-energy use 0.0 0.2 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.4

28.4

4.4

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

Other sectors

(4)

(5)

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors include commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the * respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for further information.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.22 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV

Chinese Taipei HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

Hard coal

1386

4637

10092

18468

28681

45503

62279

68921

66133

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

1386 918 263 205 -

1513 900 250 163 -

2562 1837 475 250 -

4237 2749 1050 438 -

4580 3451 693 336 -

6093 3524 1232 -

5049 3991 438 -

7585 6302 -

5884 4955 856 71 -

-

200 -

-

-

100 -

1337 -

554 66 -

1283 -

2 -

-

3124 1512 -

7530 3400 2800 -

14231 3800 3677 -

24101 6321 2442 -

39410 12474 514 1290

57230 18346 427 158

61336 21019 1126 141

60249 21110 563 43

Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

1612 -

100 1230 -

529 625 5600 -

3893 6203 5073 106 63 -

8371 13740 2873 78 70

12677 24174 67 1298 50 33

13271 23721 566 1330 48 114

11293 25949 1163 38 90

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.23

Colombia COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-07

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

3.9 -0.1 0.1

8.1 -3.0 -0.9

19.8 -12.6 -2.8

23.8 -17.1 -1.6

35.5 -33.0 1.3

60.9 -57.6 0.2

64.9 -60.0 -1.5

17.8 57.9 x

7.2 9.6 x

3.8

4.3

4.4

5.1

3.8

3.5

3.4

1.5

-1.5

Statistical difference

-0.3

-0.2

0.3

0.1

0.8

0.2

0.5

x

x

Total transformation

-1.5

-2.0

-2.3

-2.4

-1.2

-1.5

-1.6

4.6

-2.2

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.7 -0.4 -0.3

-1.1 -0.8 -0.3

-1.5 -1.0 -0.5

-1.7 -1.2 -0.5

-0.8 -0.7 -0.1

-1.1 -1.0 -0.1

-1.2 -1.0 -0.2

8.2 9.5 6.2

-1.4 0.0 -5.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.8 -0.6 -0.3 -

-0.9 -0.6 -0.3 -

-0.8 -0.6 -0.2 -

-0.7 -0.6 -0.1 -

-0.4 -0.3 -0.1 -

-0.4 -0.3 -0.1 -

-0.4 -0.3 -0.1 -

0.5 1.1 -0.8 -

-3.9 -3.5 -5.0 -

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.1

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

0.7

-1.2

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

x

x

1.9

2.0

2.3

2.7

3.2

2.1

2.2

1.7

-0.3

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

1.7 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.2

1.8 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.3

2.1 0.1 0.1 1.2 0.3

2.5 0.5 0.1 0.9 0.4

3.1 0.6 0.2 1.2 0.5

2.0 0.4 0.1 0.7 0.3

2.1 0.5 0.1 0.8 0.3

2.2 -1.3 -1.9 2.9 2.8

-0.0 8.2 1.7 -2.5 1.3

Transport sector(6)

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-

-11.8

-

0.2 0.2

0.2 0.2

0.2 0.2

0.2 0.2

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.1

-2.6 -2.6

-3.9 -3.9

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

-

-

-

-

-

-

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

Other sectors

(4)

(5)

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors include commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the * respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for further information.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.24 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV

Colombia COKING COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

100

90

93

128

1062

159

443

373

318

-

-

50 1 49 -

82 76 6 -

657 420 30 1 158 10 38 -

8 8 -

222 7 29 176 9 1 -

240 86 114 40 -

77 77 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russia Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

100 100 -

90 90 -

43 43 -

46 46 -

405 405 -

151 151 -

221 221 -

133 133 -

241 166 75 -

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.25

Colombia STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

50

5

3073

13377

17212

33565

61967

67154

73564

-

-

1487 51 332 347 2 19 180 150 134 183 89 -

12075 170 2077 334 2033 351 290 35 1634 390 404 108 2136 1305 808

14306 269 213 1116 203 1228 995 148 27 2450 155 727 665 2648 2483 979

30706 153 1590 819 2832 899 1694 6822 2544 908 83 4950 6412 1000

54445 2120 2178 172 3644 4361 77 2172 32 4789 3185 1637 2881 2739 23226 1232

57529 1543 2402 2894 1084 158 2007 30 30 10754 2755 2361 2917 3192 24897 505

57606 152 2871 1854 64 2031 4667 2713 31 865 5676 269 1774 2551 2133 5248 24205 502

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russia Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

50 50 -

5 5 -

410 100 100 210 -

1250 600 548 29 73 -

2906 69 200 344 886 51 1356 -

2737 149 526 773 69 425 795 -

7522 292 653 3676 131 32 389 2349 -

9625 223 2497 3751 737 400 2017 -

15958 1212 3441 3410 2130 104 1500 773 3388 -

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

-

1176

52

-

122

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.26 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV

Hong Kong (China) COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-07

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

0.0 -

4.9 -

7.9 -

8.0 -

5.3 -

10.0 -

10.8 -

98.2 x

1.9 x

Primary supply

0.0

4.9

7.9

8.0

5.3

10.0

10.8

98.2

1.9

Statistical difference

-

-0.3

0.8

0.5

0.7

-

-

x

x

Total transformation

-0.0

-4.5

-8.7

-8.6

-6.1

-8.7

-9.3

122.2

0.4

-

-4.5 -4.5 -

-8.7 -8.7 -

-8.6 -8.6 -

-6.1 -6.1 -

-8.7 -8.7 -

-9.3 -9.3 -

-

0.4 0.4 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-

-

-

-8.9 -8.9 -

-

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

1.4

1.4

-18.0

56.0

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

-

1.4 -

1.4 -

-18.0 -12.4 -

56.0 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors include commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the * respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for further information.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.27

Hong Kong (China) HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

Hard coal

8

3

5523

8928

9109

6058

11402

12174

13499

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

-

-

-

-

-

43 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

43 -

-

-

-

8 -

3 -

5523 1986 584 -

8928 3003 108 -

9109 2568 -

6015 276 -

11402 239 -

12174 36 -

13499 147 -

8 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

3 -

709 2244 -

1708 234 659 3216 -

1233 344 2192 2770 2 -

2265 2846 567 61 -

818 10219 126 -

876 11180 82

475 12877 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.28 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV

India COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-07

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

76.6 0.5 -0.1 -2.5

105.2 2.0 -0.1 1.4

149.6 6.0 -0.1 -3.9

186.9 12.5 -0.5 -0.7

208.9 21.1 -1.0 5.8

282.7 43.2 -1.1 -6.6

300.3 48.9 -1.1 -1.6

6.9 27.4 -0.9 x

4.2 13.2 18.2 x

Primary supply

74.5

108.4

151.5

198.2

234.9

318.2

346.4

7.4

5.0

Statistical difference

2.2

2.3

2.1

2.2

2.1

0.0

-5.9

x

x

Total transformation

-36.5

-58.5

-91.5

-143.1

-187.5

-253.2

-272.0

9.6

6.6

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-30.2 -25.0 -5.2

-51.3 -44.6 -6.7

-83.2 -74.8 -8.5

-132.1 -121.2 -10.9

-176.0 -161.2 -14.9

-238.1 -215.7 -22.4

-253.5 -229.2 -24.3

10.7 11.6 5.0

6.8 6.8 6.4

-

-

-

-

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-6.3 -0.1 -5.1 -1.1 -

-7.2 -0.2 -5.1 -1.8 -

-8.3 -0.3 -5.2 -2.8 -

-11.0 -0.3 -5.7 -5.0 -

-11.4 -0.2 -8.3 -2.8 -

-15.1 -0.2 -8.1 -6.7 -

-18.5 -0.2 -8.0 -10.2 -

2.7 7.9 0.1 10.1 -

4.8 -0.7 2.6 7.9 -

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.9

-1.3

-2.4

-2.4

-1.7

-1.6

-1.8

10.1

-1.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

39.3

50.9

59.7

54.8

47.8

63.4

66.7

4.3

0.7

21.1 8.5 1.9 5.1 1.4

31.5 9.2 2.7 6.2 1.8

41.0 12.5 3.9 9.5 2.0

38.6 15.5 4.7 9.9 2.3

35.9 13.7 3.5 12.7 1.8

49.3 24.7 2.6 13.3 1.9

52.0 26.0 2.5 14.3 2.0

6.9 3.9 7.4 6.3 3.6

1.4 4.4 -2.5 2.5 -0.1

7.8

6.4

3.5

0.2

-

-

-

-7.8

-

10.4 4.4 3.2

13.0 5.0 3.6

15.2 5.3 4.3

16.1 5.6 4.2

11.9 4.1 4.0

14.1 4.4 3.9

14.7 4.6 4.0

3.9 1.7 3.0

-0.2 -0.8 -0.4

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

-

-

-

-

-

-

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors include commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the * respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for further information.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.29

India HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

Hard coal

220

550

2030

5100

12510

16565

43078

54053

59787

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

220 20 200 -

550 287 263 -

1936 1936 -

5000 4665 284 51

9370 8283 187

8372 7824 11 63

17876 15046 641 618

23374 20067 58 717 751

28841 24902 1236 208

-

-

-

-

900

474 -

718 473 230 150

221 403 680 477

270 1790 347 26 62

-

-

94 94 -

100 100 -

3140 1

8193 2748 -

25202 505 -

30679 1039 29

30946 1527 1 72 -

Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

-

-

-

399 2740

1610 2256 1507 72 -

3689 18462 2536 10 -

685 22717 5598 611

598 20674 7766 308

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.30 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV

Indonesia COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-07

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

0.3 0.0 -0.1 0.0

1.7 0.0 -1.0 -

8.8 0.6 -4.3 -

35.6 0.6 -27.8 -0.1

66.0 0.1 -50.8 -

196.4 0.1 -154.1 -0.7

229.5 0.1 -177.5 0.5

41.8 32.6 45.9 x

21.2 -12.3 24.4 x

Primary supply

0.2

0.8

5.1

8.4

15.3

41.7

52.5

35.7

14.7

Statistical difference

0.0

-0.3

-0.8

-2.0

2.7

-

-

x

x

Total transformation

-0.0

-0.1

-3.3

-4.2

-10.3

-20.8

-22.7

71.3

11.9

-

-0.1 -0.1 -

-3.3 -3.3 -

-4.2 -4.2 -

-10.3 -10.3 -

-20.8 -20.8 -

-22.7 -22.7 -

-

12.0 12.0 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0

-0.0 -0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

3.9 3.9 -

-

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.1

-0.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

0.2

0.4

0.9

2.2

7.6

20.9

29.9

15.7

22.8

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 -

0.3 0.0 0.3 -

0.9 0.0 0.8 -

2.2 1.6 0.5

7.6 2.0 0.7

20.9 4.7 1.4

29.9 5.7 2.1

16.9 3.3 26.3 -

22.8 11.9 -

Transport sector(6)

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.0 -

-

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

-

-

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

-

-

-

-

-

-

Own use Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

Other sectors

(4)

(5)

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors include commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the * respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for further information.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.31

Indonesia COKING COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

-

-

103

286

2411

4254

24595

31463

29575

-

-

103 103 -

286 240 46 -

2411 2153 44 214 -

4254 3604 209 441 -

17494 167 33 597 11757 495 1993 733 1000 719

20088 72 1067 13538 1180 66 2397 584 969 215

23219 634 17211 2863 287 417 199 1472 136

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russia Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

-

-

-

-

-

6531 1847 1070 514 75 2854 171 -

11303 110 1698 1826 699 2083 4746 71 70

6356 4109 1790 327 65 65 -

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

-

-

-

-

-

570

72

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.32 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV

Indonesia STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

32

112

978

4574

28908

54480

146839

167650

173020

-

9 9 -

306 306 -

891 6 38 663 33 133 18

11024 18 285 65 172 31 5998 1795 855 881 86 748 90

26318 105 133 1637 13101 4825 2700 7 70 2793 627 320

56108 59 67 310 73 6142 20203 17464 4446 314 2239 2250 1505 1036

69431 328 88 15 89 7515 20774 26500 1879 243 3894 1280 3671 3155

71474 270 194 142 5966 26600 25332 132 1555 3588 2183 2264 3248

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russia Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

32 32 -

103 103 -

672 672 -

3683 70 105 546 660 110 2192 -

17866 123 719 336 5556 4481 1800 4582 269 -

28162 468 906 142 11786 2816 3373 8032 567 72 -

76826 150 1773 2917 24453 10219 16045 122 20701 446 -

96262 156 1588 10157 24598 10958 23930 73 23228 1498 76

101546 430 11459 25960 12651 20674 3735 65 69 25879 426 63 135

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

-

-

-

18

-

13905

1957

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.33

Israel COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-07

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

0.0 -0.0

2.8 -0.1

0.0 3.6 -0.3

0.1 6.3 -0.5

0.1 8.9 0.6

0.1 11.4 0.2

0.1 12.1 -0.2

113.5 x

2.1 7.3 x

Primary supply

0.0

2.6

3.4

5.9

9.5

11.7

12.0

127.0

7.6

Statistical difference

0.0

-

-

0.0

-0.3

-0.3

0.1

x

x

Total transformation

-0.0

-2.6

-3.4

-5.9

-9.2

-11.4

-12.0

137.9

7.7

-

-2.6 -2.6 -

-3.4 -3.4 -

-5.9 -5.9 -

-9.2 -9.2 -0.0

-11.4 -11.4 -0.0

-12.0 -12.0 -0.0

-

7.7 7.7 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-

45.8

-

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 -

0.0 -

0.0 -

-

-

45.8 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

-

-

-

-

-

-

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors include commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the * respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for further information.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.34 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV

Israel HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

Hard coal

-

1

3063

3998

7090

9636

12693

12585

13072

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

-

-

-

50 50 -

153 26 127 -

-

-

125 125 -

304 304 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1 1 -

3063 577 421 -

3948 528 539 -

6937 695 610 -

9636 1228 480 -

12693 480 -

12460 513 -

12768 519 328 -

Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

-

100 1965 -

548 2333 -

161 886 161 4424 -

1992 1416 4520 -

5053 7160 -

4929 7018 -

3410 3735 3720 1056 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.35

Kazakhstan COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-07

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

82.9 6.8 -32.6 -

53.1 1.5 -13.3 -

48.8 1.0 -18.4 0.3

60.4 1.1 -17.5 0.1

61.4 1.0 -18.9 0.5

x

-1.7 -10.6 -3.2 x

Primary supply

..

..

57.1

41.3

31.6

44.2

44.1

-

-1.5

Statistical difference

..

..

-

-

-0.0

0.0

0.0

x

x

Total transformation

..

..

-34.5

-24.6

-23.3

-33.7

-32.5

-

-0.4

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

-34.4 -34.4 -

-23.9 -23.9 -

-20.9 -20.9 -

-31.5 -31.5 -

-30.0 -30.0 -

-

-0.8 -0.8 -

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.7 -0.7 -

-2.4 -2.5 0.0

-2.2 -2.3 0.1

-2.5 -2.5 -

-

19.9 19.9 -

Other transformation(3)

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Own use

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

..

-

-

-0.1

-1.2

-1.3

x

x

..

..

22.5

16.7

8.2

9.3

10.4

-

-4.5

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

22.5 1.2 -

16.7 2.3 -

7.2 2.2 -

8.4 2.3 -

9.5 2.5 -

-

-5.0 4.4 -

Transport sector(6)

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

-

-

0.0 0.0

0.1 0.1

-

-

-

Non-energy use .. .. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

-

1.0

0.9

0.9

-

-

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

Other sectors

(4)

(5)

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors include commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the * respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for further information.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.36 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV

Kazakhstan HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

Hard coal

-

-

-

3277

1209

668

6

2898

73

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

-

-

-

-

96 -

-

6 -

-

15 -

-

-

-

-

92 4

-

6 -

-

15 -

-

-

-

3277 -

1113 30 -

668 -

-

2898 -

58 -

Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

-

-

3277 -

1037 46 -

2 480 186

-

2898 -

58 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.37

Kazakhstan COKING COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

-

-

-

-

1999

291

2105

161

1

-

-

-

-

9 9 -

-

-

68 14 13 10 31 -

1 1 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russia Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

-

-

-

1990 14 1959 10 7 -

-

2105 2105 -

93 93 -

-

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

-

-

-

-

291

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.38 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV

Kazakhstan STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

-

-

-

53210

18769

25300

25999

25587

27068

-

-

-

-

-

-

110 23 5 82 -

50 2 26 7 15 -

448 27 7 22 5 382 3 2

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russia Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

-

-

53210 53210 -

18769 18226 16 527 -

25300 24080 1220 -

25889 25889 -

25537 25537 -

26620 2 25809 809 -

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.39

Romania COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-07

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

11.6 6.4 -

14.7 7.3 -

12.4 6.4 -0.3

11.3 4.4 -0.3 0.1

8.0 2.7 -0.0 -0.1

9.4 3.7 -0.0 0.4

9.6 4.6 -0.1 -0.3

0.7 0.1 x

-1.5 -1.9 x

Primary supply

17.9

22.0

18.5

15.4

10.6

13.5

13.9

0.3

-1.7

Statistical difference

-0.3

-0.7

-0.1

-0.3

-0.1

-0.0

-0.6

x

x

Total transformation

-9.6

-13.6

-13.6

-12.7

-9.2

-11.4

-11.4

3.6

-1.1

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-6.7 -6.7 -

-10.0 -7.5 -2.6

-11.3 -9.2 -2.0

-10.9 -10.7 -0.2

-8.0 -7.7 -0.3

-9.8 -9.1 -0.7

-9.8 -8.9 -0.9

5.3 3.2 -

-0.8 -0.2 -5.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-2.9 -0.5 -2.6 -0.1 0.4

-3.6 -0.5 -3.0 -0.5 0.4

-2.4 -0.2 -1.9 -0.3 0.1

-1.8 -1.3 -0.5 -

-1.2 -0.9 -0.4 -

-1.6 -1.2 -0.4 -

-1.6 -1.2 -0.4 -

-1.9 -6.9 -3.0 9.2 -9.5

-2.2 -2.8 1.2 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Own use

-

-

-

-0.1

-0.2

-0.4

-0.4

-

-

-

-

-0.2

-0.2

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

x

x

8.1

7.7

4.5

2.0

1.1

1.6

1.5

-5.7

-6.4

4.9 3.8 -

4.8 4.0 -

3.1 2.5 0.2 0.1 -

1.9 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

1.0 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0

1.6 1.4 0.2 0.1 -

1.4 1.2 0.2 0.1 -

-4.4 -4.2 -

-4.6 -4.2 -2.1 -2.7 -

-

-

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

3.2 0.5

2.9 0.6

1.3 0.9

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.1

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

-8.4 5.2

-21.3 -21.8

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

0.0

-

-

0.0

-

-

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors include commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the * respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for further information.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.40 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV

Romania HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

Hard coal

4669

3949

6048

4981

4681

2521

2786

4756

3809

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

3600 675 673 -

3400 267 853 -

4000 595 1051 -

3600 1200 12 100 1188 12

4675 513 57 2 147 98 1437 222

2370 62 678 -

2726 71 1079 -

2898 452 1279 -

2412 145 70 1077 -

2252 -

2280 -

-

400 500 200 -

124 1741 97 294

1630 -

870 706 -

852 275 40 -

75 1045 -

1069 -

549 49 413 -

2048 -

1381 33 16 11 -

6 2 -

151 -

60 -

1858 82 285 2

1397 216 74 16

1069 Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

87 -

-

1321 -

3 1 -

69 31 51 -

1 17 42 -

35 1390 61 3

104 824 145 18

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.41

Russia COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-07

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

256.5 47.8 -50.1 5.6

167.2 17.8 -22.4 4.1

167.2 20.0 -31.1 2.2

204.6 20.3 -73.3 0.8

208.8 18.6 -79.8 -1.5

x

-1.2 -5.4 2.8 x

Primary supply

..

..

259.8

166.7

158.3

152.5

146.0

-

-3.3

Statistical difference

..

..

8.4

12.8

0.0

0.0

-

x

x

Total transformation

..

..

-171.3

-130.5

-126.4

-127.6

-119.2

-

-2.1

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

-149.9 -149.9 -

-115.6 -88.1 -27.5

-114.1 -80.6 -33.5

-116.7 -78.8 -37.9

-108.2 -73.6 -34.7

-

-1.9 -4.1 -

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

-21.4 -1.5 -17.7 -2.2 -

-14.9 -0.6 -12.7 -1.6 -

-12.3 -0.0 -10.6 -1.7 -

-10.9 -0.0 -10.7 -0.2 -

-11.0 -0.0 -10.8 -0.1 -

-

-3.9 -30.3 -2.9 -15.0 -

Other transformation(3)

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Own use

..

..

-0.8

-0.7

-0.8

-1.7

-1.8

-

5.1

..

..

-17.8

-8.8

-1.5

-

-

x

x

..

..

78.4

39.5

29.6

23.2

25.0

-

-6.5

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

22.5 16.8 0.6 0.5 -

23.5 19.2 0.5 0.9 -

15.0 11.3 0.1 0.7 -

14.7 12.1 0.5 1.2 0.0

18.4 15.6 0.7 1.4 -

-

-1.2 -0.5 0.9 6.6 -

Transport sector(6)

..

..

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

55.9 28.6 16.6

16.0 1.1 10.9

13.6 0.5 12.2

7.7 3.1 4.4

6.2 2.6 3.5

-

-12.1 -13.1 -8.8

Non-energy use .. .. 0.0 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

0.0

1.0

0.8

0.4

-

15.4

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

Other sectors

(4)

(5)

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors include commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the * respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for further information.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.42 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV

Russia COKING COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

-

-

-

31573

8693

6704

10008

14921

15501

-

-

-

10503 608 1532 463 177 480 131 5482 1200 337 93 -

6133 161 111 67 431 84 857 3505 571 156 158 32 -

1504 91 132 462 736 72 11 -

3907 36 220 193 63 2693 399 9 9 26 119 116 24

5640 81 400 24 69 328 2800 697 39 7 161 41 580 388 25

5403 6 39 598 23 242 28 189 203 2323 399 74 44 53 56 29 742 210 145

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russia Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

-

-

21070 156 500 19964 150 300 -

2560 822 876 81 781 -

5200 174 1337 1525 2164 -

6089 201 123 1038 4512 198 17 -

9225 139 113 632 8092 188 61 -

9197 19 88 214 3 26 1110 6412 776 549 -

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

-

-

-

-

-

12

56

901

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.43

Russia STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

-

-

-

24478

17570

29651

81386

85233

85907

-

-

-

10103 234 1142 1905 777 157 324 609 2845 32 97 54 285 573 530 499 40

8296 156 871 242 122 593 215 83 201 1936 200 85 52 164 35 138 282 1249 192 1480

25585 788 1295 2449 282 928 320 1092 7041 2565 209 13 14 1340 271 5063 480 1435

58565 185 2453 966 337 463 4141 678 6858 113 161 483 7162 2518 3637 28 2764 1888 183 8414 13531 372 1230

65507 729 196 500 4979 931 4039 119 264 584 7807 4676 3867 3623 1299 395 11184 18307 2008

74671 132 1007 229 44 2181 4111 1216 9159 120 195 1196 8941 6436 1178 44 4619 53 2335 898 8142 20862 1573

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russia Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

-

-

14375 6722 7653 -

9038 1010 81 114 46 697 5204 261 232 1393 -

4066 364 72 61 36 5 2175 1353 -

22313 463 2999 521 804 21 130 694 3082 1903 8854 2837 4 1

19690 313 1808 359 985 164 1261 2797 80 10494 1404 25

11236 605 1636 546 913 1056 1113 2897 20 1610 840 -

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

-

-

-

236

-

508

36

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.44 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV

South Africa COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-07

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

95.4 -27.2 -

142.5 -46.0 -

143.1 -48.0 -

168.6 0.4 -57.6 0.3

181.3 1.2 -67.0 1.6

197.5 2.0 -65.7 -

199.8 1.8 -62.9 -

4.1 5.8 x

2.0 1.6 x

68.1

96.5

95.1

111.6

117.1

133.7

138.7

3.4

2.2

Statistical difference

5.8

-3.7

6.7

-3.5

-0.3

-2.6

-4.7

x

x

Total transformation

-47.6

-70.1

-78.9

-86.6

-95.4

-110.5

-113.4

5.2

2.2

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-37.2 -32.1 -5.1

-44.9 -40.8 -4.1

-51.7 -48.6 -3.2

-60.2 -56.6 -3.5

-68.3 -64.4 -4.0

-76.8 -73.5 -3.2

-80.7 -77.4 -3.3

3.4 4.2 -4.8

2.6 2.8 0.3

-3.5

-3.7

-3.9

-4.5

-4.6

-6.2

-6.2

1.2

2.7

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-3.9 -2.6 -1.3 -

-3.3 -1.9 -1.4 -

-3.2 -1.6 -1.6 -

-2.1 -1.1 -1.0 -

-1.3 -0.7 -0.6 -

-1.3 -0.8 -0.5 -

-1.2 -0.8 -0.4 -

-2.0 -4.9 2.0 -

-5.5 -4.0 -7.5 -

Other transformation(3)

-3.1

-18.2

-20.1

-19.9

-21.2

-26.3

-25.3

20.6

1.4

Own use

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

-3.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

26.2

22.6

22.8

21.5

21.5

20.6

20.7

-1.4

-0.6

20.0 9.8 2.1 -

16.0 9.4 2.0 -

15.3 8.9 1.8 -

10.7 5.6 1.5 1.5 -

11.7 5.4 1.1 1.1 -

11.2 5.6 0.7 -

11.1 5.3 0.7 -

-2.6 -0.9 -1.5 -

-1.9 -3.0 -5.3 -

1.8

0.9

0.1

0.0

-

-

-

-28.0

-

3.3 1.1 2.1

3.1 1.3 1.7

3.5 1.3 2.1

4.0 1.4 2.4

2.2 0.7 1.4

7.7 2.6 5.1

7.8 2.6 5.2

0.5 1.8 -0.1

4.9 4.1 5.4

Non-energy use 1.2 2.7 4.0 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

6.8

7.5

1.7

1.8

13.1

-4.5

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors include commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the * respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for further information.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.45

South Africa COKING COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

2700

3447

5142

4033

6305

-

380

814

559

2700 2700 -

3347 544 2803 -

5142 34 4586 300 21 200 1 -

3633 157 3375 100 1 -

5181 176 570 30 280 3375 750 -

-

256 143 27 54 32 -

814 207 465 142 -

210 85 50 75 -

-

100 100 -

-

400 400 -

1124 1124 -

-

124 68 35 21 -

-

349 349 -

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russia Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.46 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV

South Africa STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

12689

24712

42488

45867

53371

67001

68892

65837

61282

12689 606 868 6643 1108 960 157 1861 309 3 114 26 34

22361 2050 3118 8596 1492 3132 385 2000 459 3 713 66 347

33978 2078 3496 6444 3196 207 6641 4091 3700 812 104 2274 19 724 192

32994 6 4365 863 4512 1017 4884 1427 5733 1304 2112 4667 1252 356 496

39235 3641 3666 325 1395 3670 630 3653 3039 3850 3503 30 2683 7016 135 315 735 140 809

48763 2504 46 1721 5872 3979 269 4173 1661 2385 41 7564 265 2112 8403 2547 4503 50 668

52431 1722 200 2450 133 4613 9473 4815 5822 1427 8544 2207 10379 646

45858 943 2795 4008 2734 4787 440 289 12491 1554 6996 160 1315 5572 561 1213

42341 1387 1511 184 3930 5816 40 4808 50 933 826 9060 167 1346 5688 1350 3518 1727

-

1600 1600 -

7600 1000 2200 2200 2200 -

12568 900 5685 3217 2583 183 -

14136 60 810 5138 2763 490 3900 100 145 40 185 505 -

17891 1919 107 85 522 2488 486 3636 5523 1978 356 201 554 36

16364 958 33 156 2615 5314 3160 156 63 1967 580 736 626

19938 582 347 30 410 7703 4214 1275 70 53 1804 2666 30 399 355

18941 1223 64 420 7766 3720 1193 1592 1430 133 700 700

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

751

910

305

-

347

97

41

-

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russia Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.47

Ukraine COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-07

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

124.0 15.2 -21.7 0.8

61.1 13.7 -1.8 -

51.9 5.8 -2.6 -

50.5 9.6 -3.0 0.1

48.1 13.3 -3.3 -0.1

x

-5.4 -0.8 -10.5 x

Primary supply

..

..

118.3

73.0

55.1

57.3

58.0

-

-4.1

Statistical difference

..

..

-3.9

-0.9

-0.3

0.5

3.1

x

x

Total transformation

..

..

-72.5

-50.4

-37.8

-37.6

-40.0

-

-3.4

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

-50.7 -48.9 -1.8

-33.1 -31.7 -1.4

-20.8 -19.8 -1.1

-25.8 -23.6 -2.2

-26.7 -24.3 -2.4

-

-3.7 -4.0 1.8

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

-21.8 2.9 -12.6 -12.4 0.4

-17.3 0.7 -6.4 -11.3 -0.3

-17.0 0.3 -6.4 -10.7 -0.1

-11.9 0.0 -7.3 -4.5 -0.1

-13.3 0.0 -7.7 -5.5 -0.1

-

-2.9 -23.9 -2.9 -4.6 -

Other transformation(3)

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Own use

..

..

-5.3

-3.5

-2.7

-2.6

-2.6

-

-4.1

..

..

-

-

-

-0.0

-0.0

x

x

..

..

36.6

18.2

14.2

17.5

18.5

-

-3.9

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

25.7 15.6 0.3 0.0 -

11.3 8.4 0.0 -

10.4 8.1 0.0 -

12.7 10.8 0.0 0.2 0.0

14.2 12.0 0.0 0.5 0.0

-

-3.4 -1.5 -12.9 16.4 -

Transport sector(6)

..

..

0.1

-

-

0.0

0.1

-

-3.3

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

10.8 7.9

6.9 6.4

3.8 3.7

3.1 0.5 2.6

2.5 0.4 2.1

-

-8.3 -7.6

Non-energy use .. .. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

-

-

1.7

1.7

-

-

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

Other sectors

(4)

(5)

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors include commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the * respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for further information.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.48 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV

Ukraine HARD COAL IMPORTS BY ORIGIN* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

Hard coal

-

-

-

26686

15296

6606

9754

11863

10275

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

-

-

-

19964 -

5859 4369 -

2759 595 -

7761 -

8177 -

7378 74 32 860 -

-

-

-

19964 -

1490 -

2164 -

7761 -

7505 672 -

6412 -

-

-

-

6722 -

9437 4722 -

3847 452 -

1993 -

3686 -

2897 -

Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

-

-

6722 -

4259 456 -

2175 1220 -

127 1866 -

3649 37 -

2897 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other former USSR (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former USSR(2) Russia (3) Other former USSR (3)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) If no detail. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.49

Ukraine COKING COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

-

-

-

8114

400

200

530

408

40

-

-

-

-

-

-

530 530

-

30 17 13

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russia Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

-

-

8114 8114 -

400 200 200 -

200 200 -

-

408 83 325 -

10 10 -

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.50 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV

Ukraine STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

-

-

-

16577

2000

2297

2925

2943

4232

-

-

-

-

493 29 1 1 21 6 22 33 154 226

845 63 83 52 647 -

298 5 5 4 3 4 32 14 38 12 26 22 60 73

1192 5 228 27 21 16 50 271 19 149 8 105 229 1 45 18

1318 52 180 17 4 5 24 41 13 313 30 317 275 2 34 11

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russia Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

-

-

16577 16577 -

1507 154 128 235 84 906 -

1452 1452 -

2627 19 2337 202 9 24 24 12 -

1751 1451 40 15 52 13 101 79 -

2914 31 2735 123 23 2 -

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.51

Venezuela COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-07

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

0.0 0.2 -

0.0 0.2 0.0

2.3 0.3 -1.9 -

4.2 -4.4 0.2

8.2 -8.3 0.2

7.7 -7.6 -

8.0 -7.7 -0.2

48.5 4.9 x

7.6 8.5 x

Primary supply

0.2

0.3

0.7

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.1

11.4

-12.8

Statistical difference

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

Total transformation

-0.1

-0.1

-0.2

-

-

-

-

6.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.2 -0.1 -0.0 -

-

-

-

-

6.1 5.4 -

-

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

0.1

0.2

0.5

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.1

13.9

-11.4

0.1 0.1 0.0 -

0.2 0.1 0.0 -

0.5 0.2 0.3 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.2 0.2 -

0.1 0.1 -

0.1 0.1 -

13.9 5.4 23.0 -

-11.4 -9.4 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

(4)

(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport sector(6) Other sectors

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors include commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the * respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for further information.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.52 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV

Venezuela STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

33

-

-

1834

3252

7722

7284

8335

6445

-

-

-

1746 1 33 148 560 140 19 5 53 375 169 238 5

3152 17 29 550 193 302 79 306 198 1478 -

6988 589 441 476 1067 112 766 378 180 35 218 2726 -

6583 44 441 437 104 197 10 940 148 36 4226 -

6826 134 611 53 457 148 362 1156 52 260 379 64 3150 -

5322 104 26 458 81 429 51 1733 213 11 38 8 2170 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russia Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

33 33 -

-

-

88 88 -

100 100 -

734 79 168 71 416 -

701 489 26 39 147 -

1509 943 68 50 102 99 247 -

1123 837 26 260 -

Non-Specified/Other Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV - IV.53

Vietnam COAL BALANCE* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-07

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

4.2 0.0 -0.5 -0.4

4.5 0.0 -0.5 -

3.7 0.0 -0.6 0.1

6.7 0.0 -2.3 0.3

9.3 -2.6 -0.4

31.1 0.1 -17.1 -1.2

34.8 0.6 -25.5 4.2

-1.1 2.1 2.1 x

14.1 24.9 24.3 x

3.2

4.0

3.2

4.7

6.2

12.9

14.1

-0.2

9.2

Statistical difference

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

Total transformation

-1.1

-1.4

-1.3

-1.0

-1.6

-5.0

-5.2

1.6

8.6

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-1.1 -1.1 -

-1.4 -1.4 -

-1.3 -1.3 -

-1.0 -1.0 -

-1.6 -1.6 -

-5.0 -4.4 -0.6

-5.2 -4.6 -0.6

1.6 1.6 -

8.7 7.8 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-

-

-

7.1 7.1 -

-

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

2.2

2.6

1.9

3.7

4.6

7.9

8.9

-1.3

9.5

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

1.3 0.0 -

2.1 0.0 -

1.5 0.0 -

2.8 0.0 -

3.3 -

6.0 -

7.0 -

0.9 5.9 -

9.6 -

Transport sector(6)

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-13.9

-

0.7 0.5

0.4 0.4

0.4 0.0 0.3

0.9 0.2 0.6

1.3 0.4 0.8

1.9 0.5 1.4

1.9 0.5 1.4

-5.6 -4.8

9.5 18.2 9.8

Non-energy use Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

-

-

-

-

-

-

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Distribution losses Final consumption Industry sector

Other sectors

(4)

(5)

(7)

Comm. and pub. services Residential

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other sectors). (5) Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions . (6) Transport sector includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other sectors include commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal, * peat) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB/peat briquettes, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works * gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the * respective countries. Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for further information.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.54 - COAL INFORMATION (2009 Edition) PART IV

Vietnam STEAM COAL EXPORTS BY DESTINATION (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2006

2007

2008

1430

640

604

745

2821

3526

25128

30931

20604

-

100 100 -

100 100 -

450 150 300 -

2308 93 100 2 179 3 1469 400 21 1 40 -

3203 240 100 52 2227 516 20 48 -

4603 105 123 3319 644 23 170 203 16 -

5572 222 87 3968 1295 -

3048 92 48 1972 916 20 -

-

540 540 -

504 504 -

295 100 195 -

513 100 150 63 200 -

323 88 27 52 156 -

20525 125 102 20079 43 8 168 -

25359 54 381 24611 17 296 -

17556 160 372 16906 22 96 -

Non-Specified/Other 1430 Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria Chile China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Israel Morocco Romania Russia Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Energy Data Manager / Statistician Possible Staff Vacancies International Energy Agency, Paris, France The IEA

Principal Qualifications

The International Energy Agency, based in Paris, acts as energy policy advisor to 28 member countries in their effort to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for their citizens. Founded during the oil crisis of 1973-74, the IEA’s initial role was to co-ordinate measures in times of oil supply emergencies. As energy markets have changed, so has the IEA. Its mandate has broadened to incorporate the “Three E’s” of balanced energy policy making: energy security, economic development and environmental protection. Current work focuses on climate change policies, market reform, energy technology collaboration and outreach to the rest of the world, especially major consumers and producers of energy like China, India, Russia and the OPEC countries.

x University degree in a topic relevant to energy, computer programming or statistics. We currently have staff with degrees in Mathematics, Statistics, Information Technology, Economics, Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Environmental Studies, Hydrology, Public Administration and Business. x Experience in the basic use of databases and computer software. Good computer programming skills in Visual Basic. x Ability to work accurately, pay attention to detail and work to deadlines. Ability to deal simultaneously with a wide variety of tasks and to organise work efficiently. x Good communication skills; ability to work well in a team and in a multicultural environment, particularly in liaising with contacts in national administrations and industry. x Very good knowledge of one of the two official languages of the Organisation (English or French). Knowledge of other languages would be an advantage. x Some knowledge of energy industry operations and terminology would also be an advantage, but is not required.

The Energy Statistics Division, with a staff of around 30 people, provides a dynamic environment for young people just finishing their studies or with one to two years of work experience. Job description The data managers/statisticians compile, verify and disseminate information on all aspects of energy including production, transformation and consumption of all fuels, renewables, the emergency reporting system, energy efficiency indicators, CO2 emissions, and energy prices and taxes. The data managers are responsible for receiving, reviewing and inputting data submissions from Member countries and other sources into large computerised databases. They check for completeness, correct calculations, internal consistency, accuracy and consistency with definitions. Often this entails proactively investigating and helping to resolve anomalies in collaboration with national administrations of Member and Non-Member countries. The data managers/statisticians also play a key role in helping to design and implement computer macros used in the preparation of their energy statistics publication(s).

Nationals of any OECD Member country are eligible for appointment. Basic salaries range from 2 900 to 3 900 Euros per month, depending on qualifications. The possibilities for advancement are good for candidates with appropriate qualifications and experience. Tentative enquiries about future vacancies are welcomed from men and women with relevant qualifications and experience. Applications in French or English, accompanied by a curriculum vitae, should be sent to: Personnel and Finance Division International Energy Agency 9 rue de la Fédération 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France Email: [email protected]

S T A T I S T I C S PUB LI C A T I O N S

On-Line Data Services Users can instantly access not only all the data published in this book, but also all the time series used for preparing this publication and all the other statistics publications of the IEA. The data are available on-line, either through annual subscription or pay-per-view access. More information on this service can be found on our website: http://data.iea.org

Ten Annual Publications n Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, 2009 Edition No other publication offers such in-depth statistical coverage. It is intended for anyone involved in analytical or policy work related to energy issues. It contains data on energy supply and consumption in original units for coal, oil, natural gas, combustible renewables/wastes and products derived from these primary fuels, as well as for electricity and heat. Complete data are available for 2006 and 2007 and supply estimates are available for the most recent year (i.e. 2008). Historical tables summarise data on production, trade and final consumption. Each issue includes definitions of products and flows and explanatory notes on the individual country data. Published July 2009 - Price €120

n Energy Balances of OECD Countries, 2009 Edition A companion volume to Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, this publication presents standardised energy balances expressed in million tonnes of oil equivalent. Energy supply and consumption data are divided by main fuel: coal, oil, gas, nuclear, hydro, geothermal/solar, combustible renewables/ wastes, electricity and heat. This allows for easy comparison of the contributions each fuel makes to the economy and their interrelationships through the conversion of one fuel to another. All of this is essential for estimating total energy supply, forecasting, energy conservation, and analysing the potential for interfuel substitution. Complete data are available for 2006 and 2007 and supply estimates are available for the most recent year (i.e. 2008). Historical tables summarise key energy and economic indicators as well as data on production, trade and final consumption. Each issue includes definitions of products and flows and explanatory notes on the individual country data as well as conversion factors from original units to tonnes of oil equivalent. Published July 2009 - Price €120

n Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries, 2009 Edition This publication offers the same in-depth statistical coverage as the homonymous publication covering OECD countries. It includes data in original units for more than 100 individual countries and nine main regions. The consistency of OECD and non-OECD countries’ detailed statistics provides an accurate picture of the global energy situation for 2006 and 2007. For a description of the content, please see Energy Statistics of OECD Countries above. Published August 2009 - Price €120

S T A T I S T I C S PUB LI C A T I O N S

n Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries, 2009 Edition A companion volume to the publication Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries, this publication presents energy balances in million tonnes of oil equivalent and key economic and energy indicators for more than 100 individual countries and nine main regions. It offers the same statistical coverage as the homonymous publication covering OECD countries, and thus provides an accurate picture of the global energy situation for 2006 and 2007. For a description of the content, please see Energy Balances of OECD Countries above. Published August 2009 - Price €120

n Electricity Information 2009 This reference document provides essential statistics on electricity and heat for each OECD member country by bringing together information on production, installed capacity, input energy mix to electricity and heat production, input fuel prices, consumption, end-user electricity prices and electricity trades. The document also presents selected non-OECD country statistics on the main electricity and heat flows. It is an essential document for electricity and heat market and policy analysts. Published August 2009 - Price €150

n Coal Information 2009 This well-established publication provides detailed information on past and current evolution of the world coal market. It presents country-specific statistics for OECD member countries and selected non-OECD countries on coal production, demand, trade and prices. This publication represents a key reference tool for all those involved in the coal supply or consumption stream, as well as institutions and governments involved in market and policy analysis of the world coal market. Published August 2009 - Price €165

n Natural Gas Information 2009 A detailed reference work on gas supply and demand, covering not only the OECD countries but also the rest of the world. Contains essential information on LNG and pipeline trade, gas reserves, storage capacity and prices. The main part of the book, however, concentrates on OECD countries, showing a detailed gas supply and demand balance for each individual country and for the three OECD regions: North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific, as well as a breakdown of gas consumption by end-user. Import and export data are reported by source and destination. Published August 2009 - Price €165

n Oil Information 2009 A comprehensive reference book on current developments in oil supply and demand. The first part of this publication contains key data on world production, trade, prices and consumption of major oil product groups, with time series back to the early 1970s. The second part gives a more detailed and comprehensive picture of oil supply, demand, trade, production and consumption by end-user for each OECD country individually and for the OECD regions. Trade data are reported extensively by origin and destination. Published August 2009 - Price €165

S T A T I S T I C S PUB LI C A T I O N S

n Renewables Information 2009 This reference document brings together in one volume essential statistics on renewables and waste energy sources. It presents a detailed and comprehensive picture of developments for renewable and waste energy sources for each of the OECD member countries, encompassing energy indicators, generating capacity, electricity and heat production from renewable and waste sources, as well as production and consumption of renewable and waste products. It also includes a selection of indicators for non-OECD countries. This report provides a strong foundation for renewables energy policy and market analysis to assess progress towards domestic and international objectives. Published August 2009 - Price €110

n CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, 2009 Edition In order for nations to tackle the problem of climate change, they need accurate greenhouse gas emissions data. This publication provides a basis for comparative analysis of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion, a major source of anthropogenic emissions. The data in this book are designed to assist in understanding the evolution of the emissions of CO2 from 1971 to 2007 for more than 140 countries and regions by sector and by fuel. Emissions were calculated using IEA energy databases and the default methods and emissions factors from the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Published November 2009 - Price €165

Two Quarterlies n Oil, Gas, Coal and Electricity, Quarterly Statistics This publication provides up-to-date, detailed quarterly statistics on oil, coal, natural gas and electricity for the OECD countries. Oil statistics cover production, trade, refinery intake and output, stock changes and consumption for crude oil, NGL and nine selected oil product groups. Statistics for electricity, natural gas and coal show supply and trade. Import and export data are reported by origin and destination. Moreover, oil as well as hard coal and brown coal production are reported on a worldwide basis. Published Quarterly - Price €120, annual subscription €380

n Energy Prices and Taxes This publication responds to the needs of the energy industry and OECD governments for upto-date information on prices and taxes in national and international energy markets. It contains prices at all market levels for OECD countries and certain non-OECD countries: import prices, industry prices and consumer prices. The statistics cover the main petroleum products, gas, coal and electricity, giving for imported products an average price both for importing country and country of origin. Every issue includes full notes on sources and methods and a description of price mechanisms in each country. Published Quarterly - Price €120, annual subscription €380

S T A T I S T I C S PUB LI C A T I O N S

Electronic Editions n CD-ROMs and Online Data Services To complement its publications, the Energy Statistics Division produces CD-ROMs containing the complete databases which are used for preparing the statistics publications. State-of-the-art software allows you to access and manipulate all these data in a very user-friendly manner and includes graphic facilities. These databases are also available on the internet from our online data service. Annual CD-ROMS / Online Databases

. . . . . . . . . . .

Energy Energy Energy Energy

Statistics of OECD Countries, 1960-2008 Balances of OECD Countries, 1960-2008 Statistics of Non-OECD Countries, 1971-2007 Balances of Non-OECD Countries, 1971-2007

Price: Price: Price: Price:

€550 €550 €550 €550

(single (single (single (single

user) user) user) user)

Combined subscription of the above four series

Price: €1 400 (single user)

Electricity Information 2009 Coal Information 2009 Natural Gas Information 2009 Oil Information 2009 Renewables Information 2009 CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, 1971-2007

Price: Price: Price: Price: Price: Price:

€550 €550 €550 €550 €400 €550

(single (single (single (single (single (single

user) user) user) user) user) user)

Quarterly CD-ROMs / Online Databases

.

Energy Prices and Taxes

Price: (four quarters) €900 (single user)

A description of these services are available on our website: http://data.iea.org

Other Online Services n The Monthly Oil Data Service The IEA Monthly Oil Data Service provides the detailed databases of historical and projected information which is used in preparing the IEA’s monthly Oil Market Report (OMR). The IEA Monthly Oil Data Service comprises three packages available separately or combined as a subscriber service on the Internet. The data are available at the same time as the official release of the Oil Market Report. The packages include: Supply, Demand, Balances and Stocks Trade Field-by-Field Supply Complete Service

. . . .

Price: Price: Price: Price:

€6 €2 €3 €9

000 000 000 000

(single (single (single (single

user) user) user) user)

A description of this service is available on our website: http://modsinfo.iea.org

S T A T I S T I C S PUB LI C A T I O N S

n The Monthly Gas Data Service The Monthly Gas Data Service provides for OECD countries historical and current data on natural gas supply and demand, as well as detailed information on trade origins and destinations. The packages include:

.

Natural Gas Balances & Trade Historical plus 12 monthly updates

Price: €500 (single user)

.

Natural Gas Balances & Trade Historical

Price: €400 (single user)

A description of this service is available on our website: http://data.iea.org

Moreover, the IEA statistics website contains key energy indicators by country, graphs on the world and OECD’s energy situation evolution from 1971 to the most recent year available, as well as selected databases for demonstration. The IEA statistics website can be accessed at: http://www.iea.org/statistics/

The Online Bookshop

International Energy Agency

All IEA publications may be bought online on the IEA website: w w w. i e a . o r g / b o o k s You may also obtain PDFs of all IEA books at 20% discount. Books published before January 2008 - with the exception of the statistics publications can be downloaded in PDF, free of charge from the IEA website.

IEA BOOKS Tel: +33 (0)1 40 57 66 90 Fax: +33 (0)1 40 57 67 75 E-mail: [email protected]

CUSTOMERS IN NORTH AMERICA Turpin Distribution The Bleachery 143 West Street, New Milford Connecticut 06776, USA Toll free: +1 (800) 456 6323 Fax: +1 (860) 350 0039 [email protected] www.turpin-distribution.com

International Energy Agency 9, rue de la Fédération 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France

You may also send your order to your nearest OECD sales point or use the OECD online services: www.oecd.org/ bookshop

CUSTOMERS IN THE REST OF THE WORLD Turpin Distribution Services ltd Stratton Business Park, Pegasus Drive, Biggleswade, Beds SG18 8TQ, UK Tel.: +44 (0) 1767 604960 Fax: +44 (0) 1767 601640 [email protected] www.turpin-distribution.com

IEA Publications, 9, rue de la Fédération, 75739 Paris Cedex 15 Printed in France by STEDI, July 2009 (61 2009 11 1 P1) ISBN 978-92-64-06105-7

COAL

INFORMATION Coal Information provides a comprehensive review of historical and current market trends in the world coal sector. This reference document brings together essential statistics on coal. It therefore provides a strong foundation for policy and market analysis, which in turn can better inform the policy decision process toward selecting policy instruments best suited to meet domestic and international objectives.

2009

Part I of the publication provides a review of the world coal market in 2008, while Part II provides a statistical overview of developments, which covers world coal production and coal reserves, coal demand by type (hard, steam, coking), hard coal trade and hard coal prices. Part III provides, in tabular and graphic form, a more detailed and comprehensive statistical picture of historical and current coal developments in the 30 OECD member countries, by region and individually. Part IV provides for selected non-OECD countries summary statistics on hard coal supply and end-use statistics for about 40 countries and regions worldwide. Complete coal balances and coal trade data for selected years are presented on 16 major non-OECD coal producing and consuming countries. Coal Information is one of a series of annual IEA statistical publications on major energy sources; other reports are Electricity Information, Natural Gas Information, Oil Information and Renewables Information.

-:HSTCQE=U[VUZ\: (61 2009 11 1 P1) e165 ISBN 978-92-64-06105-7