Cisco - Extending Cisco IOS Infrastructure for New IP Applications and Carrier Service 1309

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Extending Cisco IOS Infrastructure for New IP Applications and Carrier Service Session 1309 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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Agenda • The Power of IP and the Need to Lead • Cisco IOS® Power behind IP • How Cisco IOS Software Makes IP Powerful • Instances of Cisco IOS Power Behind IP • Conclusion 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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New World Business Environment

Challenge Deregulation All is Real Time Instant Change Instant Access Be there First!

Customer Choice

Global Competition

ROI not Mark-Up

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• Organization looking for services to move closer to Real Time response • Communications services seen as enabling Real Time

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Customer’s Requirements for Market Leaders • Envision what the customer wants • Identify and explain the alternatives • Evaluate and endorse what they are doing • Partner, do not impose • Probe for the true long-term need 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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Necessity of Providing Leadership

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You can’t just ‘give people what they want’ because people don’t necessarily know what they want and what they tell you they want today may not be what they actually want at the end of the two years it takes you to build it to their specifications Source: Steve Jobs from the Book “Insanely Great”

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Where Leadership Is Required

IP Is It! • Work groups and enterprises • Carriers and ISPs 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

What Makes IP Powerful?

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Cisco IOS software: The

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behind

(Cisco) IOS is the most leveraged piece of software in the industry next to Windows. Source: Esmeralda Silva, IDC

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Cisco IOS Technologies Make IP Powerful

Unanticipated change

Anticipate potential problems

Knowledge is most valuable asset

Develop solutions as new standards

Maintain value of what we have learned

Internet Leadership 250+ RFCs

Customer issue

Cisco response

Cisco IOS Leadership in making features Standards 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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Cisco IOS Evolution Increasing the Power Behind IP

• Network Scalability

• Internet Ubiquity

• Service Enablement

• Home Area Networks

• Platform Flexibility

• Performance Architecture

• Business Critical Networking

• Global Extranets

1995

1997

Internet: 5 Millions Cisco IOS Copies: 1 Millions Standards: 100 Platforms: 10 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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Internet: 100s Millions Cisco IOS Copies: 10 Millions Standards: 250+ Platforms: 100 10

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Cisco IOS Software: Adding to the Power of IP

Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) Random Early Detection (RED) Network Address Translation On Demand Routing BGP4 Soft Configuration BGP4 Multipath Support BGP4 Prefix Filtering with Inbound Route Maps OSPF On Demand Circuit OSPF Not So Stubby Areas (NSSA)

Router Authentication and Network Layer Encryption TACACS+ Single Connection Kerberos V Client Support HTTP Interface Extensions

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Reliable Adaptive Routing Services

WAN Optimization Resource Services Allocation and Management Services Management and Scalability Security Services Services

Release 11.2

Multichassis Multilink PPP Virtual Private Dial-up Network Dialer Profiles Half Bridge/Half Router for CPP and PPP Frame Relay SVC Support Traffic Shaping over Frame Relay

TN3270 Server LAN Network Manager over DLSw+ NSP over DLSw+ DSPU over DLSw+ Response Time Reporter Integrated IP Routing and Bridging

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Cisco IOS Software: Adding to the Power of IP Multimedia/Voice Stub IP Multicast Routing IP Multicast over ATM Point-toMultipoint Virtual Circuits IP Multicast Load Splitting across Equal-Cost Paths

Release 11.3

Security Reflexive Access Lists Vendor-Proprietary RADIUS Attributes TCP Intercept Encrypted Kerberized Telnet Tunneling of Asynchronous Security Protocols HTTP Security Enhancements EIGRP Route Authentication Double Authentication

Scalability

Management

VPDN Enhancements Layer 2 Forwarding—Fast Switching L2F Load Sharing L2F Domain Name Flexibility Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol DRP Server Agent NLSP Enhancements (RTTM) Enhanced Local Mgmt Interface Virtual Profiles

SNMPv2C Cisco Call History MIB Command-Line Interface Cisco IOS Internationalization Entity MIB, Phase 1 Frame Relay MIB Extensions ATM MIB Enhancements

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Cisco IOS Software: Adding to the Power of IP Security

IBM

Time-based ACLs IPSec Cisco IOS Firewall TCP Intercept etc.

Cisco Database Connection DLSw enhancements DLSw+ SNA Type of Service etc.

Voice

Management ATM PVCs CLI Search RTR etc.

Release 12.0+

Voice-over-IP Q.SIG

SNMP Manager SNMPv3

H.323 v2 SGCP

Reliability HSRP over FEC APS/Sonet etc.

Switching Cisco Express Forwarding NetFlow Services Tag Switching IEEE 802.1Q vLANs xDSL Subscriber support etc.

Quality-of-Service

IP and Routing Easy IP/DHCP Server Triggered RIP enhancements Mobile IP WCCPv2 On-Demand Routing Tag VPNs 1309 0948_05F9_c2

OSPF Pacing IS-IS PIM version2 mBGP PGM Stub EIGRP etc.

Connectivity/Scalability L2TP PPP/FrameRelay ISDN Management L2F Load Sharing AO/DI

NFAS/D channel L2F Stacking FastEther Channel etc.

Committed Access Rate IP_ATM CoS Weighted RED NetFlow Policy Routing (NPR) BGP Policy Propagation Class-based Queuing GRE Precedence Per-Flow Queuing TCP Pacing etc.

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Attributes of Network Power

• Reliable • Scalable • Ubiquitous • Manageable • Flexible Assure this in an all-IP World 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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Network Attributes and the POWER Behind IP in… IP Caching

• Reliable

IP QoS

IP TOS

• Scalable

IP VPN

• Ubiquitous • Manageable • Flexible

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IP Multicast

IP Voice IP Reliable

IP Core

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CISCO IOS: The POWER Behind…

IP Caching

IP QoS

IP VPN IP Multicast

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IP TOS IP Voice

IP Reliable

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IP Core

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Network Scalability Issue Content Access • Frequent requests for the same Web Server content • Large distance between clients and servers Potential need for more bandwidth

Web Clients 1309 0948_05F9_c2

Web Servers 17

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Scalability Solution Network Caches

Transparently store frequently-accessed content and then locally fulfill successive requests for the same content

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Cisco Network Caching Enhancement: Web Cache Control Protocol (WCCP) WAN link

Cache Engine(s) WCCP

LAN Web page requests

Router

Locally stored content

•WCCP in Router and Cache Engines •Transparently redirects requests

•Internet Draft - WCCP Version 1 http://www.terena.nl/tech/wrec/draft-forster-web-pro-00.txt Licensed to Cache industry: Inktomi, NetApps, et al. 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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CISCO IOS: The POWER Behind…

IP Caching

IP QOS

IP VPN IP Multicast

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IP TOS IP Voice

IP Reliable

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IP Core

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QoS Enabled Applications

• Voice over IP (VoIP) • Virtual Private Networks (VPN) • Application aware networking • Multimedia

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Cisco IOS Quality of Service Menu Architecture Level Technology Network Edge

Network Core

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Function

IP Precedence

• Prioritization • Service Classes

Committed Access Rate(CAR)

• Packet Classification • Precedence Setting • Bandwidth Management

dWRED

• Congestion Avoidance • Service Class Enforcement

dWFQ

• Bounded Latency

Tag Switching

• IP/ATM QoS Integration • Traffic Engineering

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Cisco Pioneering and IETF Response • RFC 2474 diff_serv Definition of the differentiated services field (DS Field in the IPv4 and IPv6 headers)

POP

POP

Backbone POP

POP

Edge Functions

Contributors from Cisco

• Policies for Rate Measurement and Admission Control • Packet Classification • Statistics

K. Nichols, F. Baker 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Cisco IOS: The POWER Behind…

IP Caching

IP QoS

IP VPN IP Multicast

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IP TOS IP Voice

IP Manage

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IP Core

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L3 and the Overlay Solution L3

L3 L2

L3

L2

L2 L2

L3

L2 L3

L2

L3

L3

L3

L3 L3

L3

L3

Physical

Logical

• Layer 2 network to provision bandwidth • Layer 3 sees ‘any-to-any’ complete mesh 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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Overlay Drawbacks • Extra network devices (cost) • More complex network management Two-level network without integrated NM Additional training, technical support, field engineering

• IGP routing doesn’t scale for meshes Proposal: A protocol to engineer traffic 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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Routing with Resource Reservation (R3) RRR Provides: • Constraint—based routing • Control of traffic engineering • Path selection • Tunnel setup 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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Guaranteed Paths (the Fish!)

R8

R3

R2

R4 R5 R1

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R6

R7

Normal Route: R1

R2

R3

R4

R5

Tunnel: R1

R2

R6

R7

R4

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Cisco IOS: The POWER Behind… IP Caching

IP QoS

IP VPN

IP Voice IP Reliable

IP Multicast 1309 0948_05F9_c2

IP TOS

IP Core 29

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IP Virtual Private Networks with MPLS IP Network

• Private networking over IP

IP VPN

MPLS

Predictable performance Privacy Policies Pricing Paths 1309 0948_05F9_c2

Provides a Framework for Private IP Networking over a Public Infrastructure

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Tag Switching—Standards • RFC 2105 “Tag switching architecture overview” Authors: Y. Rekhter, D. Katz, E. Rosen, G. Swallow et al Cisco Systems, Inc. February 1997

• Status Category: Informational Vendor support: Alcatel, Ascend, Juniper, (Newbridge) 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Cisco IOS: The POWER Behind… IP Caching

IP QoS

IP VPN IP Multicast 1309 0948_05F9_c2

IP TOS IP Voice

IP Reliable

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IP Core 32

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Cisco Contribution to Voice over IP • Knowledge on how to put things into Data • Freedom from traditional limits of TDM technology • Understanding of what does not matter any more (clock locking, jitter suppression, activity detection)

Conclusion: We Can Create in IP whatever Quality Is Desired for Voice, at any Cost Point 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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Enterprise Packet Voice Is Happening Now • 60% of all enterprises with more than 500 employees will do ‘something’ with voice over IP this year Private network Outsourced services VTNS migrations (AT&T)

• Top applications Toll bypass PBX interconnect to cap TDM transmission expense Virtual call centers 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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Voice into Data for SPs • A number of key features in Cisco IOS software support voice, especially QoS • Cisco excels in all related areas… Interface between digitized voice and the network (adaptive jitter buffers, DSP-based switching)

• Except residential services Class 5, Centrex

• BellCore (Telecordia) partnership Expertise in telephony 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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SGCP and Related Protocols in VoIP Architecture Call Agent

H.323/SIP

SS7/ISUP

SGCP/ UDP

STP CO

RTP

TGW

IP Network

RGW

Carrier Trunk Gateway

RTP

Residential Gateway

Intelligence in the Call Agent, not the Gateway IETF Draft: draft-huitema-sgcp-v1-1-00 Participating Contributors from Cisco: Chip Sharp, David Oran 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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The Power Behind IP—Multicast

IP Caching

IP QoS

IP VPN

IP Voice

IP Multicast

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IP TOS

IP Reliable

IP Core

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Overview

• Multicast industry initiatives • Scalable push technologies • Technology partners TIBCO—“the information bus company” 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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Pragmatic General Multicast • Goal: Enable ordered, duplicate-free, multicast data delivery from multiple sources to multiple receivers

• For basic reliability, not Sophisticated ordering agreement Robustness

• Major benefit: Simplicity of operation with due regard for scalability and network efficiency 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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PGM—Reliable Multicast • Local retransmission only on relevant parts of the distribution tree

S00

• Accumulates NAKS and deals with them all at once • Missing packets recovered from proximate router 1309 0948_05F9_c2

R00

N20

N21

N10

N11

R12 R11

N00 R01

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R02

N01 R03

R04

R05

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PGM in Cisco IOS technology and Standard Process • Cisco IOS Available as standard feature in 12.0

• Draft: INTERNET-DRAFT PGM reliable transport protocol

• Authors: Tony Speakman, Dino Farinacci, Steven Lin, Alex Tweedly at Cisco Systems 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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Cisco IOS: The POWER Behind…

IP Caching

IP QoS

IP VPN IP Multicast

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IP TOS IP Voice

IP Reliable

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IP Core

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Reliably Powering IP • Optimize for data centric world • Old requirement was ‘pair and spare’ • LAN is on all the time—phone isn’t! • Real requirement: Forward correctly all the time, be “Protocolly Correct” 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) • Auto failover transparent to host Routers group network and MAC addresses assumed by standby router

• Backup resources are not idle! New primary router continues to route original traffic 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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Router Group #1 Primary

Standby Standby

Primary

Standby Router Group #2

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Cisco IOS: The POWER Behind…

IP Caching

IP QoS

IP VPN IP Multicast

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IP TOS IP Voice

IP Reliable

IP Core

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Accommodating Growth in the Core • All forms of Internet driving • Greater issue in SP than enterprise • Vital as SPs begin to provision VPNs • Switching + forwarding go to ASICS • Paradox of numbers: 500 customers and five routers is a more difficult network than 500 routers and five customers! 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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Increasing Routing/ Addressing Capacity • IPv4 to IPv6 migration IPv6 as a solution is very long term—workarounds common (NAT)

• Scaling will tie routing and provisioning Manual methods can’t be used for 10,000s of users

• Can routing remain dynamic? RRR potential solution 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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Extending BGP Services SPs and Autonomous Systems

• Also important in enterprise example—dual homing to SPs

AS 1

• Need to support 600+ regions and more

ISP 1

AS 2

ISP 1

• Development needs to focus on enabling new services, not ‘feeds and speeds’ AS...

Service Examples: Telephony BGP (tBGP)

AS 600+

ISP...

ISP n

(Cisco Authored RFC 2283)

Multicast Extensions 1309 0948_05F9_c2

Enterprise A

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Enterprise B 48

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Creating Precedence in the IP Core • Backbone Quality of Service

Service Provider AS

• Conveys IP precedence in forwarding to specified destination Source

• Allows ingress routers to prioritize incoming traffic

Destination iBGP Peers

Packet Flow Data IP

• Inter-ISP service level agreements (SLAs) • Enterprise VPNs

Header

Precedence

IP Precedence for this Routing Prefix

ToS

Type of Service Field 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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Improving Inter-Domain Routing

DT

BT iMCI iMCI US US WEST WEST GTE MAE SPRINT West SPRINT AT&T UUNET NAP

MAE West

FT

Telecom Italia China Net VNSL

BELL Atlantic

TELEFONICA TELEFONICA

• • • • 1309 0948_05F9_c2

Sita

Hong Kong Telecom South Africa Telecom

Enterprise multihoming QoS—policy propagation mBGP (multicast) Capabilities negotiation

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Summary

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Cisco IOS Technology Is the Power behind IP

• Software built to solve problems • Technology which provides support • Solutions become the standards • Products that make IP powerful

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If You Missed Anything... http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/732/ http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/732/multicast/ http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/732/ net_foundation/reliability.html http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/732/ Tech/quality.shtml http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/732/ net_foundation/scalability.html http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/732/tag/ http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/ cisco/mkt/scale/

—The 1309 0948_05F9_c2

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Please Complete Your Evaluation Form Session 1309

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