Books on Early American History and Culture, 1981-1985: An Annotated Bibliography (Bibliographies and Indexes in American History)

Books on Early American History and Culture, 1981–1985: An Annotated Bibliography

Raymond D. Irwin

PRAEGER

Books on Early American History and Culture, 1981–1985

Recent Titles in Bibliographies and Indexes in American History Native America and the Evolution of Democracy: An Annotated Bibliography Bruce E. Johansen, compiler The Kickapoo Indians, Their History and Culture: An Annotated Bibliography Phillip M. White, compiler The American Settlement Movement: A Bibliography Domenica M. Barbuto, compiler Reconstruction in the United States: An Annotated Bibliography David A. Lincove, compiler and annotator Books on Early American History and Culture, 1991–1995: An Annotated Bibliography Raymond D. Irwin Peyotism and the Native American Church: An Annotated Bibliography Phillip M. White A Comprehensive Catalogue of the Correspondence and Papers of James Monroe, Volume I Daniel Preston A Comprehensive Catalogue of the Correspondence and Papers of James Monroe, Volume II Daniel Preston Books on Early American History and Culture, 1986–1990: An Annotated Bibliography Raymond D. Irwin American Indian and African American People, Communities, and Interactions: An Annotated Bibliography Lisa Bier John Wesley Powell: An Annotated Bibliography Marcia L. Thomas Books on Early American History and Culture, 1971–1980: An Annotated Bibliography Raymond D. Irwin

Books on Early American History and Culture, 1981–1985 An Annotated Bibliography Raymond D. Irwin

Bibliographies and Indexes in American History, Number 50 Westport, Connecticut London

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Irwin, Raymond. Books on early American history and culture, 1981–1985 : an annotated bibliography / Raymond D. Irwin. p. cm. — (Bibliographies and indexes in American history, ISSN 0742–6828 ; no. 50) Includes index. ISBN 0–313–31429–2 (alk. paper) 1. United States—History—Colonial period, ca. 1600–1775—Bibliography. 2. United States—Civilization—To 1783—Bibliography. 3. North America—History—Colonial period, ca. 1600–1775—Bibliography. 4. Caribbean Area—History—To 1810—Bibliography. I. Title. II. Series. Z1237.I79 2004 [E188] 016.9732—dc22 2004057250 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2004 by Raymond D. Irwin All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2004057250 ISBN: 0–313–31429–2 ISSN: 0742–6828 First published in 2004 Praeger Publishers, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.praeger.com Printed in the United States of America

The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

To Katie, Alex, and Dawn, as always

Contents

Preface Abbreviations 1 General 2 Historiography and Public History Geography and Exploration 3 Colonization 4 5 Maritime History 6 Native Americans 7 Race and Slavery Gender 8 Ethnicity 9 10 Migration 11 Labor and Class 12 Economics and Business 13 Society 14 Families and Children 15 Rural Life, Agriculture, and Environment 16 Religion 17 American Revolution 18 War of 1812 19 Constitution 20 Politics and Government 21 Law 22 Crime and Punishment 23 Diplomacy 24 Military 25 Ideas 26 Literature 27 Communication 28 Education

ix xi 1 15 19 27 35 37 51 61 67 69 73 77 87 95 99 103 119 139 143 149 179 185 187 191 199 207 217 223

viii Books on Early American History and Culture 29 30 31

Science, Medicine, and Technology Visual Arts and Material Culture Performing Arts

Appendix A: Most Frequently Cited Books in the Journal Literature, 1980-2004 Appendix B: Most Frequently Cited Books in the Journal Literature, 1980-2004 by Chapter Author Index Subject Index

225 231 241 243 247 255 267

Preface

This volume is part of a series of annotated bibliographies in early American history—that is, North America and the Caribbean, from 1492 to 1815. It includes monographs, reference works, exhibition catalogues, and essay collections published between 1981 and 1985 and reviewed in at least one of sixty-five general periodicals and historical journals. Each entry gives the name of the book, its author(s) or editor(s), publisher, date of publication, ISBN and/or OCLC number(s), the Library of Congress call number, and the number of times the work has been cited in the journal literature covered by the Thomson ISI Arts and Humanities and Social Science citation indexes. Following each detailed citation is a brief summary of the book and a list of journals in which the book has been reviewed. This book is composed of thirty-one thematic chapters, an organizational scheme that presents both significant advantages for the user and predictable difficulties for the bibliographer. Few books fit neatly and completely into a single category. As a result, I have made decisions about the placement of entries based on what I perceived to be the primary subject matter of each book. Quite a few of the books described in this bibliography could easily have been listed under a half-dozen chapter headings. For that reason, subject and author indexes are provided at the end of this book. I have also included appendices which list frequently cited works. It should be noted that these lists are approximations of scholarly impact; citation counts are limited to journal articles published between 1980 and early 2004 and included in the ISI databases. Therefore, the number of times a book has been cited in another book is excluded. Moreover, every reasonable effort has been made to locate all citations under variations of book title and author name, though some may have been overlooked.

x Books on Early American History and Culture I have tried to make this bibliography as complete and as useful as possible. It is intended to help researchers and teachers of history get a little better grasp on the explosion of scholarly literature that has marked the past several decades. Space limitations, however, make it impossible to give any book its due; rather, this volume should be a starting point for further investigation.

Abbreviations

AAAPSS AgH AHR

AJLH AmAnt Am J Soc Am Lit APSR AQ

Atlantic BC

BHM BHR

Booklist CH

Choice CHR

Chr Cent CJH Commonweal CSM DH EAL

Economist EHR

FCHQ FHQ GHQ

Hist History

Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Agricultural History American Historical Review American Journal of Legal History American Antiquity American Journal of Sociology American Literature American Political Science Review American Quarterly The Atlantic Books in Canada Bulletin of the History of Medicine Business History Review Booklist Church History Choice Canadian Historical Review The Christian Century Canadian Journal of History Commonweal Christian Science Monitor Diplomatic History Early American Literature The Economist English Historical Review Filson Club History Quarterly Florida Historical Quarterly Georgia Historical Quarterly The Historian (Phi Alpha Theta) History (London)

xii Books on Early American History and Culture HJM

HRNB HT IMH

JAAR JAEH JAH JAS

J Econ Lit JER

J Relig J Soc Hist JSH LH

LJ MHM Nation Natl Rev NCHR NEQ

New Republic NYH

NY Rev Bks NYT Bk Rev OH PHR

PMHB PSQ RAH

SCHM Times Lit Supp VMHB VQR

WMQ

Historical Journal of Massachusetts History: Reviews of New Books History Teacher Indiana Magazine of History Journal of the American Academy of Religion Journal of American Ethnic History Journal of American History Journal of American Studies Journal of Economic Literature Journal of the Early Republic Journal of Religion Journal of Social History Journal of Southern History Louisiana History Library Journal Maryland Historical Magazine The Nation National Review North Carolina Historical Review New England Quarterly The New Republic New York History New York Review of Books New York Times Book Review Ohio History Pacific Historical Review Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography Political Science Quarterly Reviews in American History South Carolina Historical Magazine The Times Literary Supplement Virginia Magazine of History and Biography The Virginia Quarterly Review William and Mary Quarterly

1 General

1 Acheson, T.W. Saint John: The Making of a Colonial Urban Community. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1985. 314 pp. ISBN 0802025862; OCLC 17301371; LC Call Number F1044.5.S14. Citations: 46. Surveys the economic, social, political, religious, and ethnic development of Saint John, noting its transformation from a mercantile town in 1815 to a more cosmopolitan, commercial city in 1860. Contends that a three-level class system emerged over time, with manual laborers at the bottom, “producers” (artisans, shopkeepers, and small manufacturers) in the middle, and the traditionalist merchant elite at the top. Finds that the middle group focused on local politics, while the merchant elite concentrated on provincial-level power. Argues that class, ethnicity, and religion were interrelated and that Protestant evangelicals in the town were able to define the important notion of “respectability.” AHR 91: 1025; BC 15: 22; CHR 68: 133-34; Choice 23: 916. 2 Armstrong, Joan Tracy, ed. Smyth County, Virginia. Vol. 1: Pathfinders and Patriots, Prehistory to 1832. Marion, Va.: Smyth County Historical and Museum Society, 1983. 247 pp. OCLC 10951167; LC Call Number F232 .S6 S29. Citations: 0. Includes short articles on the county from prehistoric times, European colonization and the American Revolution to the early nineteenth century. Includes name lists, early land surveys, and deeds and letters by Arthur Campbell. VMHB 93: 358. 3 Badger, R. Reid and Lawrence A. Clayton, eds. Alabama and the Borderlands: From Prehistory to Statehood. University: University of Alabama

2

Books on Early American History and Culture

Press, 1985. x, 250 pp. ISBN 0817302085; OCLC 9944540; LC Call Number F326.5 .A39. Citations: 31. Presents eleven essays from a University of Alabama symposium on the American southeast. Articles examine pre-historic societies of the Mississippi, the DeSoto expedition and its influence on Native Americans, the expansion of Spanish influence in North America, and southeastern historiography. Choice 23: 657-58; FHQ 65: 113-15; GHQ 70: 334-36. 4 Bates, George E., G. Browne, and L. Casagrande. Historic Lifestyles in the Upper Mississippi River Valley. New York: University Press of America, 1983. xiv, 571 pp. ISBN 0819134694 (hbk.); ISBN 0819134708 (pbk.); OCLC 9762351; LC Call Number F597 .H67. Citations: 0. Publishes fifteen essays on the culture of the Mississippi valley through the end of the colonial period. Includes articles on various tribes, European exploration and settlement, riverboats, railroads, churches, art, literature, the fur trade, industrialization, agriculture and urbanization. Am Ant 50:212. 5 Beeman, Richard R. The Evolution of the Southern Backcountry: A Case Study of Lunenburg County, Virginia, 1746-1832. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1984. xvi, 272 pp. ISBN 0812279263; OCLC 11468308; LC Call Number F232 .L9 B34. Citations: 47. Studies “the transmission of culture from older and more settled regions to the frontier,” focusing particularly on local gentry, population turnover, the role of evangelical Christians and the Revolution, the growth of slavery, acceptance of religious pluralism, and growth in tobacco production. Argues that “deeper currents of history are related at the most basic level to the relationship between human beings and their environment, and more generally to the long-term development of economic and social systems.” Finds that the “long-term trends of economic growth and concentration of wealth were working as powerfully as short term political changes to shape the contours of life in the county.” AHR 90: 1005; Choice 22: 1397; GHQ 69: 388-90; JAH 73: 180; JER 6: 302303; PMHB 110: 186-88; VMHB 93: 459-60; WMQ 42: 424-26. 6 Bolkhovitinov, N.N., et al, eds. Istoriia SSHA v chetyrekh tomakh: Tom pervyi, 1607-1877 [The History of the USA, 1607-1877]. Moscow: Nauka, 1983. 687 pp. OCLC 11533648; LC Call Number E178 .I744. Citations: 14. Presents a general history of the early United States, emphasizing the adherence of the history to the pattern of development in capitalist societies. Stresses class struggle in the adoption of the Constitution and Shays’ Rebellion and characterizes the Civil War as the “Second American Revolution.” JAS 19: 294-95. 7 Bridenbaugh, Carl. Early Americans. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982. xii, 281 pp. ISBN 0195027884; OCLC 6917497; LC Call Number E188.5 .B74. Citations: 12. Presents “nine vignettes involving people individually or in groups in the American colonies of England over a period of more than two centuries.”

General

3

Includes essays on Opechancanough, the thief Tom Bell, the murder of Robert Routledge, the transformation of Puritans into Yankees, New England economics, Quaker settlements in the Delaware valley, and colonial bathing. Choice 19: 150; GHQ 65: 46-47; JAH 68: 915; PMHB 105: 492-93; VMHB 91: 106-108; WMQ 39: 536-37. 8 Bridenbaugh, Carl, ed. The Pynchon Papers. Vol. 1: Letters of John Pynchon, 1654-1700. Boston, Mass.: Colonial Society of Massachusetts, distributed by the University Press of Virginia, 1982. xxxix, 338 pp. OCLC 8859687; LC Call Number F61 .C71. Citations: 12. Includes 164 of Pynchon’s letters, which focus on politics and diplomacy, especially Pynchon’s relationship with John Winthrop, Jr., the events and aftermath of King Philip’s War, and the militia rebellion in Hampshire County. WMQ 40: 628-30. 9 Bruman, Henry J. and Clement W. Meighan. Early California: Perception and Reality. Los Angeles: University of California, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, 1981. vi, 84 pp. OCLC 7946726; LC Call Number F864 .B775. Citations: 2. Includes two seminar papers in commemoration of Francis Drake’s exploration of the California coast. Articles cover the expansion and fall of the Spanish empire between 1606 and 1850, the building of missions, Mexican independence, the use of relic fragments to determine Drake’s landing site, and the Indian reaction to European invaders. PHR 52: 220-21. 10 Carter, John H. Early Events in the Susquehanna Valley. Sunbury, Penn.: Northumberland County Historical Society, 1981. 351 pp. OCLC 16781395; LC Call Number F157.S8 C27. Citations: 0. Publishes 22 papers presented to the Northumberland County Historical Society between 1927 and 1976. Essays cover the Delaware Indians, natural history, the defense of the frontier, and the county during the Revolution. Penn Hist 50: 51-52. 11 Case, Robert. Prosperity and Progress: Concord Township Pennsylvania, 1683-1983. Vol. 1: The Colonial Legacy. Chester, Penn.: Concord Township Historical Society, 1983. x, 339 pp. ISBN 0961290609; OCLC 10777610; LC Call Number F159 .C644. Citations: 1. Includes reprinted wills and inventories and tracks changes in colonial landholding in Concord Township. Covers Penn’s settlement plans, the settlement of the township, economics, and the impact of the Revolution. PMHB 109: 252. 12 Daigle, Jean, ed. The Acadians of the Maritimes: Thematic Studies. Moncton: Centre d’ études acadiennes, 1982. 637 pp. OCLC 11813074; LC Call Number F1037 .A221. Citations: 19. Essays seek to give “a comprehensive picture of the life of the Acadians from the beginning to the present day.” Articles synthesize Acadian history, the

4

Books on Early American History and Culture

growth and development of communities in the maritimes, historical geography, communication patterns and migrations, population characteristics, politics, the economy, the Roman Catholic Church (including clergy social action), literature and ideas, language, education, folklore, material culture, and visual and performing arts. CHR 65: 116-17. 13 Daniell, Jere R. Colonial New Hampshire: A History. New York: KTO Press, 1981. xvi, 279 pp. ISBN 0527187151; OCLC 7551789; LC Call Number F37 .D25. Citations: 11. Presents a general history of early New Hampshire, exploring Indians of the region, the economy, religion, family structures, government, and the impact of the American Revolution. AHR 88: 172; Choice 19: 1478; JAH 69: 958; WMQ 40: 139-40. 14 D’Entremont, Clarence J. Histoire du Cap-Sable de l’an Mil au Traité de Paris, 1763. 5 vols. Eunice, La.: Hebert Publications, 1981. OCLC 7828781; LC Call Number F1039 .C3 E57. Citations: 5. Surveys all aspects of Acadian history from the earliest times through 1763, including cartography, politics, families, and historiography. CHR 64: 68-69. 15 Dunn, Mary Maples and Richard S. Dunn, eds. The Papers of William Perm. Vol. 1: 1644-1679. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981. xv, 703 pp. ISBN 0812278003; OCLC 24783764; LC Call Number F152.2 .P3956. Citations: 27. Includes 52 documents, primarily covering Penn’s early Quakerism and struggle against government persecution and other sectarians. Also includes material on Penn’s business dealings, family, excessive spending, correspondence with fellow Quakers, and colonization efforts. AHR 87: 526; CJH 21: 253-55; Choice 18: 1602-1603; EAL 18: 114; JAH 70: 392-94; JAS 16: 482-83; Penn Hist 49: 135-37; PMHB 105: 483-87; WMQ 40: 314-17. 16 Dunn, Mary Maples and Richard S. Dunn, eds. The Papers of William Penn. Vol. 2: 1680-1684. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982. xix, 710 pp. ISBN 0812278526; OCLC 7174112; LC Call Number F152.2 .P3956. Citations: 15. Includes 206 documents on Penn’s advocacy of Quakerism, the acquisition and defense of Pennsylvania, design of government, social and economic plans for the colony, relations with Indians, Scandinavian settlers, New Yorkers, Delaware settlers, and Maryland proprietors. Choice 20: 882; CJH 21: 253-55; JAH 70: 392-94; Penn Hist 50: 327-38; PMHB 107: 631-34; WMQ 46: 165-70. 17 Elias, Robert H. and Eugene D. Finch, eds. Letters of Thomas Attwood Digges (1742-1821). Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1982.

General

5

lxxxiv, 666 pp. ISBN 0872494128; OCLC 7837289; LC Call Number PS737 .D35 Z48. Citations: 6. Includes almost 300 of Digges’ documents, including letters to John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, and James Monroe. Covers Digges’ money problems, American prisoners of war, and his business dealings. Concludes that Digges “was a rascal, but he was a man of great sense and observation.” GHQ 67: 233-35; WMQ 41: 165-67. 18 Fenn, Elizabeth A. and Peter H. Wood. Natives and Newcomers: The Way We Lived in North Carolina Before 1700. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, 1983. 103 pp. ISBN 0807815497 (hbk.); ISBN 0807841013 (pbk.); OCLC 8953742; LC Call Number F257 .F46. Citations: 0. Describes native populations, colonization attempts at Roanoke, white settlement and migration, and the origins and development of slavery. NCHR 60: 500-502. 19 Forman, Samuel S. Annals of Cazenovia, 1793-1837. Edited by Russell A. Grills. Cazenovia, N.Y.: Friends of Lorenzo, 1982. 20 pp. OCLC 8898930; LC Call Number F129 .C39 F56. Citations: 0. Reprints Forman’s work from the 1830s. Describes the region’s settlement, land sales, church and militia organization, village planning, and town formation. NYH 64: 345. 20 Gerhard, Peter. The North Frontier of New Spain. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1982. xiv, 454 pp. ISBN 0691093946; OCLC 7975942; LC Call Number F1229 .G47. Citations: 50. Principally covers the development of Nueva Galicia, Nueva Vizcaya, SinaloaSonora, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Nuevo Santander, Nuevo Mexico, Texas, and Alta California. Describes pre-Spanish contact, Spanish expansion and the colonization, government, churches, population, and settlements of New Spain. Includes notes on sources, maps, charts, a glossary, and a bibliography. PHR 52: 315-16. 21 Greene, Jack P. and J.R. Pole, eds. Colonial British America: Essays in the New History of the Early Modern Era. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984. ix, 508 pp. ISBN 0801830540 (hbk.); ISBN 0801830559 (pbk.); OCLC 9576897; LC Call Number E188. Citations: 316. Publishes fifteen essays originally presented at a 1981 St. Catherine’s College, Oxford conference. Includes articles on colonial American history and historiography, religion, “Americanization,” material culture, ideas, politics, transatlantic and domestic economies, population trends, the family structure, wealth and social structure, households in various regions, the recruitment and use of free and slave labor, interactions of members of diverse races, classes, and ethnic groups, imperial policy toward America and the West Indies, and the historiography of colonial laws and constitutions.

6

Books on Early American History and Culture

GHQ 69: 379-81; JAH 71: 608-609; JSH 51: 275-76; NCHR 61: 528-29; WMQ 42: 119-23. 22 Hall, David D., John M. Murrin, and Thad W. Tate, eds. Saints and Revolutionaries: Essays on Early American History. New York: W.W. Norton, 1984. xv, 398 pp. ISBN 0393017516; OCLC 9082137; LC Call Number F7 .S24. Citations: 106. Includes eleven essays by the doctoral students of Edmund S. Morgan, in his honor. Articles cover religious tensions, seventeenth-century legal procedures, political culture, Virginia planters, and Revolutionary America. Choice 21: 1530; EAL 19: 303-304; JAS 20: 145-46; JSH 51: 273-75; PMHB 108: 377-79; WMQ 41: 658-60. 23 Hall, David D. and David Grayson Allen, eds. Seventeenth-Century New England: A Conference Held by the Colonial Society of Massachusetts, June 18 and 19, 1982. Boston: The Colonial Society of Massachusetts, distributed by the University Press of Virginia, 1984. xx, 340 pp. ISBN 081391048X; OCLC 12041200; LC Call Number F7 .S455. Citations: 69. Presents essays on English culture, local customs, New World regional patterns, diet in Middle Colony households, local English traditions, portraiture in New England and England, popular Puritanism and culture (magic and wonders), the cod industry, and daily life and labor among migrant fishermen versus orthodox Puritans. Choice 23: 1271; GHQ 69: 632-33; JAH 73: 174; NEQ 58: 602; VQR 62: 734; WMQ 43: 487-90. 24 Halpenny, F.G. and Jean Hamelin, eds. Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. 5: 1801-1820. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1983. xxv, 1044 pp. OCLC 1566617; LC Call Number F1005 .D49. Citations: 6. Includes biographies of individuals of import in early nineteenth-century Canadian history. Contains “identifications” and geographical indexes, a list of biographies, and a name index. CHR 65: 585-87. 25 Hayden, Michael, ed. So Much to Do, So Little Time: The Writings of Hilda Neatby. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1983. viii, 359 pp. ISBN 0774801719; OCLC 9361314; LC Call Number F1021.2 .N426. Citations: 7. Presents articles of the historian Neatby. Includes pieces on the Quebec Act era, the Massey commission, and education. CHR 64: 592-93. 26 Hofmann, Margaret M., ed. Colony of North Carolina, 1735-1764: Abstracts of Land Patents. Vol. 1. Weldon, N.C.: Roanoke News Company, 1982. 650 pp. OCLC 9307409; LC Call Number F253 .H6271. Citations: 0. Abstracts approximately 8,000 patents granted in colonial North Carolina and recorded in Patent Books 2 through 17. Includes name and place indexes. GHQ 67: 425.

General

7

27 Holden, Robert J., ed. Selected Papers from the 1983 and 1984 George Rogers Clark Trans-Appalachian Frontier History Conference. Vicennes, Ind.: Eastern National Park and Monument Association for the National Park Service and Vicennes University, 1985. ix, 148 pp. ISBN 0915992329 (pbk.); OCLC 13082176; LC Call Number E188.5. Citations: 0. Includes eight brief conference papers. Articles cover maps and descriptions used by pre-Revolution powers, the British military in the west during the Revolution, St. Clair’s 1791 defeat by the tribes of the Northwest, construction of frontier fortifications, the Spanish attack on Fort St. Joseph (1781), the actions of the Eighth British Regiment during the Revolution, the life and times of trader, militia officer, interpreter and territorial scout Michel Brouillet, and the issue of pioneer stereotypes. FCHQ 61: 95; IMH 82: 379-80; JER 7: 107. 28 Humber, Charles J. and Mary Beacock Fryer, eds. Loyal She Remains: A Pictorial History of Ontario. Toronto: United Empire Loyalists’ Association of Canada, 1984. xvi, 676 pp. ISBN 096915660X; OCLC 11345155; LC Call Number F1058 .L82. Citations: 23. Presents a popular history to commemorate the province’s bicentennial. Includes essays on geography, immigration, the War of 1812, labor and business, the Great Depression, the arts, and politics. CHR 66: 437-39. 29 Jackson, Harvey H. and Phinizy Spalding, eds. Forty Years of Diversity: Essays on Colonial Georgia. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1985. xv, 324 pp. ISBN 082030705X; OCLC 10146954; LC Call Number F289 .F67. Citations: 10. Presents fourteen essays given at the Georgia Historical Society. Includes pieces on Georgia Jewry, the Habersham family, town planning in early Savannah, Indian populations prior to 1733, James Edward Oglethorpe’s ideology, women landholders, Governor James Wright and the backcountry prior to the Revolution, the development of radical opposition to English rule in Georgia, and the formation of colonial identity. GHQ 69: 382-83; JSH 52: 289-90; LH 27: 89-92; NCHR 62: 493-94; WMQ 43: 144-47. 30 Jones, George Fenwick and Renate Wilson, eds. Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America. Vol. 6: 1739. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1981. xxii, 359 pp. OCLC 542385; LC Call Number F295 .S1 U813. Citations: 1. Includes reports of Johann Martin Boltzius and Israel Christian Gronau to Samuel Urlsperger on the economic, political, and agricultural conditions at the Salzburger colony. Details Boltzius’s opposition to slavery and the ways in which leaders dealt with social issues like marriage and divorce. JSH 48: 273-74. 31 Jones, George Fenwick and Don Savelle, eds. Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America. Vol. 7: 1740. Athens:

8

Books on Early American History and Culture

University of Georgia Press, 1983. 315 pp. OCLC 542385; LC Call Number F295 .S1 U813. Citations: 1. Publishes accounts of Salzburgers in Georgia. Focuses on agriculture in and around Savannah, the meeting of basic needs, the issue of slavery, and war with Spain in Florida. Includes explanatory notes and a general index. GHQ 67: 378-79; JSH 50: 107-108. 32 Jones, George Fenwick, ed. Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America. Vol. 8: 1741. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1985. iv, 579 pp. OCLC 542385; LC Call Number F295 .S1 U813. Citations: 3. Consists of Salzburgers’ daily reports from Johann Martin Boltzius and Israel Christian Gronau to superiors in Europe. Comments on economic and social life in the congregation, emphasizing spiritual concerns. GHQ 70: 187; JSH 53: 96-97. 33 Kross, Jessica. The Evolution of an American Town: Newtown, New York, 1642-1775. Philadelphia, Penn.: Temple University Press, 1983. xviii, 335 pp. ISBN 0877222770; OCLC 8626883; LC Call Number F128.68 .N48 K76. Citations: 17. Examines the daily life, economy, government, religion, and ethnicity of a Long Island community. Argues that, during the Revolution, “Democracy was not the issue, but the sanctity of local authority was.” AHR 90: 211; Choice 21: 497; JAH 71: 111-112; NYH 64: 445; WMQ 41: 506508. 34 Land, Aubrey C. Colonial Maryland: A History. Millwood, N.Y.: KTO Press, 1981. xviii, 367 pp. ISBN 0527187135; OCLC 6708067; LC Call Number F184 .L34. Citations: 27. Studies the planter class, small farms, politics, social mobility, religion, law, literature, and slavery, in a general narrative history bolstered by quantitative analysis. AHR 87: 526; Choice 19: 812; GHQ 65: 157-58; JAH 68: 914-15; JSH 48: 26970; PMHB 106: 123-24; WMQ 39: 693-94. 35 Langley, Clara A., ed. South Carolina Deed Abstracts, 1719-1772. 4 vols. Easley, S.C.: Southern Historical Press, 1983-84. OCLC 41955294; OCLC 9835917; LC Call Number F268 .L36. Citations: 2. Presents abstracts of deeds from the Register of the Province of South Carolina. Includes name, place and occupation indexes. GHQ 68: 465; GHQ 68: 138-39; JSH 49: 656. 36 Lockhart, James and Stuart B. Schwartz. Early Latin America: A History of Colonial Spanish America and Brazil. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983. x, 480 pp. ISBN 0521233445 (hbk.); ISBN 0521299292 (pbk.); OCLC 9081714; LC Call Number F1411 .L792. Citations: 82.

General

9

Discusses social organization and culture in Iberia and pre-Columbian America. Argues that sedentary populations enjoyed greater economic activity—and thus faster political and cultural change—than did more nomadic areas. Choice 21: 1366. 37 Lokken, Roy N., ed. Meet Dr. Franklin. Philadelphia, Penn.: The Franklin Institute, 1981. viii, 288 pp. ISBN 0891680357; OCLC 7770680; LC Call Number E302.6 .F8 M49. Citations: 1. Modifies a volume of the same title published in 1943. Includes new articles on Franklin’s science, the Autobiography, the post office, Franklin as educator, and Franklin’s religious views. Choice 18: 1478; EAL 16: 291; Penn Hist 50: 53-54. 38 Lucas, Paul Robert. American Odyssey, 1607-1789. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1984. xv, 311 pp. ISBN 0130282332 (pbk.); OCLC 9619429; LC Call Number E162 .L82. Citations: 9. Examines economic, political, and cultural developments in the North American colonies. Contends that “Against the real English and European background, the presumed ‘uniqueness’ of Anglo-America fades somewhat. We find that Americanization did not produce a ‘new’ society so much as it created a spectacular and not altogether laudable refinement of the old.” Notes “a continuing attempt to adapt English ideas and practices to a New World environment,” which resulted in “a derivative culture which was, at the same time, unique.” CH 54: 414-15; GHQ 68: 633; JAH 71: 605-606; VMHB 94: 221-22; WMQ 42: 407-409. 39 Malone, Dumas. The Sage of Monticello. Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, and Company, 1981. xxiii, 551 pp. ISBN 0136544639; OCLC 7564241; LC Call Number E332 .M25; LC Call Number E332.6 .M25. Citations: 65. Discusses Jefferson’s debts, family, friends, relationships with John Adams and James Madison, and foundation of the University of Virginia. Argues that Jefferson sought to lead an agrarian life “extolled by ancient writers he knew well—Cicero and Horace and the younger Pliny.” AHR 87: 534; Choice 19: 550; JAH 69: 144; JSH 48: 282-83; PMHB 106: 13436. 40 McCormick, Richard P. New Jersey from Colony to State, 1609-1789. Newark; New Jersey Historical Society, 1981. xv, 191 pp. ISBN 0911020020; OCLC 6863176; LC Call Number F137 .M2. Citations: 8. Represents the first of a multi-volume treatment of New Jersey history. Offers a narrative of the state’s early history for a general audience. Covers the founding of East and West Jersey, Quakerism, development as a royal colony, and New Jersey’s roles in the Revolution and the making of and debate over the Constitution. Choice 18: 1477.

10 Books on Early American History and Culture 41 Mika, Nick, and Helma Mika. The Shaping of Ontario from Exploration to Confederation. Belleville: Mika Publishing Company, 1985. 280 pp. ISBN 0919303935; OCLC 13157880; LC Call Number F1058 .S52. Citations: 4. Discusses the early history of Ontario from the European encounter with area natives, the French fur trade and missions, and British and Loyalist settlements. Describes political, economic, social, and cultural developments, including the War of 1812 in Upper Canada, the Talbot Settlement, the Canada Company, the role of the Niagara Peninsula, the Upper Canadian Rebellion of 1837, art and publishing in the region, the early mineral and oil industries, the military in Ontario, and sports and leisure. BC 14: 25; CHR 67: 452-53. 42 Muise, D.A., ed. A Reader’s Guide to Canadian History. Vol. 1: Beginnings to Confederation. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1982. xvi, 253 pp. ISBN 0802064426; OCLC 8956908; LC Call Number Z1382 .R4. Citations: 28. Contains seven essays covering the era of the French regime, Quebec in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Atlantic provinces, Upper Canada, the North West, and Pacific regions, British North America, and Confederation. CHR 64: 232-34. 43 Parkman, Francis. France and England in North America. 2 vols. New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 1983. ISBN 0940450100 (vol. 1); ISBN 0940450119 (vol. 2); OCLC 8846515; LC Call Number F1030 .P24. Citations: 41. Publishes most of Parkman’s work in two volumes, including a brief biography and introduction to the texts. Choice 21: 631. 44 Poirier, Michel. Les Acadiens aux Iles Saint-Pierre et Miquelon, 17581828. Moncton, New Brunswick: Les Editions d’Acadie, 1984. 527 pp. ISBN 2760001024; OCLC 13010152; LC Call Number F1170 .P64. Citations: 4. Examines Acadian history, particularly population changes in St. Pierre and Miquelon through migrations and deportations. Looks at daily life, fishing, economic development, and the influence of the American Revolution on the area. Presents extensive raw data from prisoner and passenger lists and censuses. CHR 67: 303-304. 45 Quinn, David Beers, ed. Early Maryland in a Wider World. Detroit, Mich.: Wayne State University Press, 1982. 329 pp. ISBN 0814316891; OCLC 7739748; LC Call Number F184 .E16. Citations: 22. Publishes ten essays on sixteenth-, seventeenth-, and eighteenth-century Maryland. Includes articles on ship voyages to the Chesapeake, the Spanish empire, and North America, motivations for immigration to the New World, the role of Robert Parson in Catholic missionary and settlement efforts, Lord Baltimore’s vision for Maryland, the growth of the colony, Native Americans on

General 11 the colony’s frontier, slavery in the Chesapeake and Caribbean, and early maps of the region. AHR 88: 748; Choice 20: 639; GHQ 67: 104-106; JAS 17: 308-309; JSH 49: 289-90; NCHR 60: 107-108; WMQ 40: 463-66. 46 Reich, Jerome R. Colonial America. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: PrenticeHall, 1984. x, 307 pp. ISBN 013151167X (pbk.); OCLC 9464634; LC Call Number El62 .R44. Citations: 6. Presents a standard textbook overview of colonial America, including the European background, colonization, native and African inhabitants, government, religion, migration, economics, imperial conflicts, society, women, family, children, and demography. JAH 71: 110-111. 47 Reid, John G. Acadia, Maine, and New Scotland: Marginal Colonies in the Seventeenth Century. Toronto: University of Toronto Press in association with Huronian Historical Parks, Ontario Ministry of Culture and Recreation, 1981. xviii, 293 pp. ISBN 0802055087; OCLC 8494684; LC Call Number F1038 .R44. Citations: 23. Sees the early history of the northeastern maritime region as “a major exception to the seemingly ineluctable progress of European colonization of America.” Concludes that, despite “ethical disruptions arising from European colonization, it was the Indian peoples of the northeastern maritime region who held sway in 1690, and not the European colonies.” Notes that there were “real similarities which may be discerned between the various European nationalities in their approaches to the theory and practice of colonization.” Contends that 1690 “marked a great discontinuity” and represented “the final crushing of the European concepts which had originated the colonies.” Choice 19: 1630; CHR 63: 371-12; JAH 69: 680-81; WMQ 39: 694-96. 48 Richardson, Edgar P., Brooke Hindle, and Lillian B. Miller. Charles Willson Peale and His World. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1982. 272 pp. ISBN 0810914786; OCLC 8495123; LC Call Number ND237 .P27 A4. Citations: 35. Essays describe Peak’s contributions to art, natural history, archaeology, and domestic work, and place him in historical context. AHR 89: 847; EAL 19: 95-97; NYH 66: 468; PMHB 108: 517-20; WMQ 40: 49092. 49 Riley, Sandra. Homeward Bound: A History of the Bahama Islands to 1850. Miami, Fla.: Island Research, 1983. vi, 308 pp. ISBN 0941072061 (pbk.); OCLC 10023687; LC Call Number F1656 .R5. Citations: 6. Studies Abaco and the Loyalist period in the Bahamas. Notes that Bahamians fled to East Florida during the Spanish occupation of the islands. FHQ 63: 344-46; GHQ 68: 136; NCHR 61: 278-79.

12 Books on Early American History and Culture 50 Risjord, Norman K. Representative Americans: The Colonists. Lexington, Mass.: D.C. Heath, 1981 xii, 253 pp.. ISBN 0669028312 (pbk.); OCLC 7448652; LC Call Number El88. Citations: 0. Presents biographies of “those whose lives are made poignant by tragedy,” including Pocahontas, Anne Hutchinson, Nathaniel Bacon, Pierre Esprit Radisson, James Logan, Edward Teach (a.k.a. “Blackbeard”), Eliza Lucas Pinckney, and James Oglethorpe. GHQ 66: 73. 51 Rumilly, Robert. L’Acadie anglaise (1713-1755). Montreal: Editions Fides, 1983. 355 pp. ISBN 2762111129; OCLC 11468382; LC Call Number F1038 .R92. Citations: 3. Reprints work first published in 1955. Mainly takes up political and diplomatic matters and conflicts among religious groups. CHR 65: 427-28. 52 Turner, Lynn Warren. The Ninth State: New Hampshire’s Formative Years. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1983. xiii, 479 pp. ISBN 0807815411; OCLC 8627243; LC Call Number F38 .T87. Citations: 12. Examines New Hampshire’s development from the end of the Revolutionary War to 1820, focusing on geographic diversity on the seaboard and northern frontier and in the Merrimack and Connecticut valleys. Notes that people from different places settled each region at different times and that economic, social, and political divisions resulted. AHR 89: 847; JAH 71: 116-17; JAS 18: 288; WMQ 41: 325-27. 53 Vachon, André. Dreams of Empire: Canada Before 1700. Ottawa: Canadian Government Publishing Centre, 1982. xi, 387 pp. ISBN 0660110741 (pbk.); OCLC 8883928; LC Call Number F1030 .V2813. Citations: 4. Considers early Canadian exploration, settlement, government, wars, economy, society, culture, and religion. Offers a general narrative of Canadian history prior to 1700. Choice 20: 1362; CHR 64: 234-35. 54 Watson, Harry L. An Independent People: The Way We Lived in North Carolina, 1770-1820. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, 1983. viii, 120 pp. ISBN 0807815500 (hbk.); ISBN 0807841021 (pbk.); OCLC 8953725; LC Call Number F258 .W37. Citations: 1. Discusses the work of yeoman farmers, the American Revolution in the colony, the writing of a state constitution, education, internal improvements and the Great Awakening. JSH 50: 157; NCHR 60: 500-502. 55 Webb, Stephen Saunders. 1676: The End of American Independence. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984. xx, 440 pp. ISBN 0394414144; OCLC 10322851; LC Call Number F229 .W36. Citations: 45.

General 13 Studies Bacon’s Rebellion, the administration of Sir Edmund Andros in New York, King Philip’s War in New England and relations with Native Americans. Argues that 1676 represented a shift in “the gravity of American development from the older English colonies to the multi-ethnic settlements between the Hudson and the Delaware.” Concludes that the colonies by this time were forced to turn to England for defense. AHR 90: 751-52; Choice 22: 337; JAH 72: 127-28; JSH 51: 428-29; NCHR 62: 105-106; PHR 54: 209-211; PMHB 109: 82-84; VMHB 93: 213-14; WMQ 43: 119-24. 56 Weir, Robert M. Colonial South Carolina: A History. Millwood, N.Y.: KTO Press, 1983. xix, 409 pp. ISBN 0527187216; OCLC 9153735; LC Call Number F272 .W46. Citations: 26. Presents a political, economic, social, religious, and cultural history of the colony. Concludes that “lowcountry South Carolina was the richest society in colonial America.” AHR 89: 511-12; JAH 71: 857-58; JSH 50: 297-99; NCHR 60: 505; WMQ 41: 503-506. 57 Wiebe, Robert H. The Opening of American Society: From the Adoption of the Constitution to the Eve of Disunion. New York: Knopf, 1984. xv, 427 pp. ISBN 0394535839; OCLC 10751244; LC Call Number HN90 .S6 W53. Citations: 102. Examines the leadership of the gentry, the transition to Jeffersonian egalitarianism, and the development of individual choice in America. Concludes that “The most powerful influence in the shaping of American society was space.” AHR 90: 754-55; Choice 22: 1220; JAH 72: 139-40; JSH 51: 609-611; LJ 109: 1756; NYT Bk Rev (21 Oct 84): 31. 58 Wilson, Bruce. As She Began: An Illustrated Introduction to Loyalist Ontario. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1981. 128 pp. ISBN 0919670547 (pbk.); OCLC 9240403; LC Call Number F1058 .W55. Citations: 1. Studies Loyalist founders of Ontario, particularly their backgrounds, migration, and reactions to the American Revolution. Presents representative sketches of the settlers and covers the historiography of Ontario Loyalism. CHR 64: 73.

2 Historiography and Public History

59 Cockrell, Wilburn A., ed. In the Realms of Gold: The Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on Underwater Archaeology. San Marino, Calif.: Fathom Eight, 1981. xi, 255 pp. OCLC 7435906; LC Call Number CC77 .U5 C65. Citations: 0. Contains 27 papers, including work in shipwreck archaeology, method and technique, inundated terrestrial sites, underwater culture resource management, and the future of underwater archaeology. Includes papers on the Battle of Yorktown, and on sea level changes at American colonial sites. FHQ 60: 515-17. 60 Dawson, Jan C. The Unusable Past: America’s Puritan Tradition, 18301930. Chico, Calif.: Scholars Press, 1984. viii, 155 pp. ISBN 0891307214 (hbk.); ISBN 0891307222 (pbk.); OCLC 10273340; LC Call Number BX9354.2 .D39. Citations: 6. Characterizes Puritanism as a desire for “creation redeemed and perfected.” Sees Puritan ideology as supporting abolition of slavery and notes the historiographical backlash against Puritanism in the early 20th century. Concludes that, by the 1920s, Puritanism was virtually dead as a cultural force. AHR 92: 732-33. 61 Hosmer, Charles B., Jr. Preservation Comes of Age: From Williamsburg to the National Trust, 1926-1949. 2 vols. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia for the National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1981. xiii, 1291 pp. ISBN 0813907128; OCLC 6916564; LC Call Number NA106 .H67. Citations: 55.

16 Books on Early American History and Culture Characterizes the period (1926-1949) as formative for the preservation movement. Discusses leaders of the movement, the impact of the Williamsburg restoration on the field, the role of the federal government and private sectors, archaeology, and historic interpretation. Explains the development of preservation in the context of social developments, noting in particular the shift from amateur to professional preservationism. Am Ant 47: 701; IMH 71: 377-79; NYH 62: 374-76; Penn Hist 49: 303-304; PMHB 105: 507-508. 62 Huddleston, Eugene L. Thomas Jefferson: A Reference Guide. Boston, Mass.: G.K. Hall, 1982. xxiii, 374 pp. ISBN 0816181411; OCLC 7576025; LC Call Number Z8452 .H8 E332. Citations: 1. Lists major scholarly works on Jefferson since the 1820s. Discusses the changing image of Jefferson, especially since the 1960s. Arranges items chronologically, providing abstracts and a separate list of masters theses and doctoral dissertations. Booklist 80 (1 Nov 83): 416; Choice 19: 1380. 63 Kirsch, George B. Jeremy Belknap: A Biography. New York: Anro Press, 1982. 226 pp. ISBN 0405141122; OCLC 7328364; LC Call Number CT275 .B55927 K57. Citations: 3. Presents a narrative of Belknap’s life and thought. Describes his pastoral life in New Hampshire, his evolution toward rationalism during the Revolution, his return as pastor of the Federal Street Church in Boston, his historical writings, and the founding of the Massachusetts Historical Society. CH 52: 383-84; WMQ 40: 332-33. 64 Lofaro, Michael A., ed. Davy Crockett: The Man, the Legend, the Legacy, 1786-1986. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1985. xxiii, 203 pp. ISBN 0870494597; OCLC 11442284; LC Call Number GR105.37 .D3 D38. Citations: 20. Collects essays that “trace the development of Crockett’s legend, his ability to manipulate it during his lifetime for political ends, and, after his death, its boundless expansion in the popular media of his day and ours.” Eight articles “explore various avenues of Crockett’s growth from an obscure backwoods hunter turned politician with a knack for storytelling to the representative symbol of the American frontier in both its noble and savage aspects.” Essays discuss the Crockett legend expounded in the Nashville almanacs, Crockett in the context of European mythic heroes, and the image of Crockett in Disney films, in plays, in a silent film, and in songs. AHR 91: 732; GHQ 70: 535-37; JSH 52: 618-19; PHR 57: 80-81. 65 Miller, Perry. Sources for the New England Mind: The Seventeenth Century. Edited by James Hoopes. Williamsburg, Va.: Institute for Early American History and Culture, 1981. xxiv, 120 pp. ISBN 0910776016 (pbk.); OCLC 7874713; LC Call Number F7 .M56. Citations: 3. Offers a guide to Miller’s sources and seeks to “lay to rest some of the illfounded rumors about Miller’s deficiencies as a scholar.”

Historiography and Public History 17 EAL 17: 180-82. 66 Wilson, Clyde N., ed. American Historians, 1607-1865. Detroit: Gale Research, 1984. xv, 382 pp. ISBN 0810317087; OCLC 10825640; LC Call Number E175.45 .A48; LC Call Number PS129 .D5; LC Call Number PN451 .D53; LC Call Number PS221 .D5; LC Call Number PS21 .D5. Citations: 0. Sketches 46 historians, including George Bancroft, Francis Parkman, John L. Motley, William H. Prescott, Jared Sparks, Richard Hildreth, George Tucker, David Ramsay, John G. Shea, Lyman C. Draper, Peter Force, Jeremy Belknap, and John W. Barber. Choice 22: 959.

3 Geography and Exploration

67 Carter, Edward C. II, John C. Van Horne, and Lee W. Formwalt, eds. The Papers of Benjamin Henry Latrobe. The Journals of Benjamin Henry Latrobe. Vol. 3: 1799-1820: From Philadelphia to New Orleans. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, for the Maryland Historical Society, 1981. xxxiv, 351 pp. ISBN 0300023839; OCLC 5286208; LC Call Number NA737.L34 A2. Citations: 3. Records Latrobe’s travels, a grave illness, his life in New Orleans, and descriptions of the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. PMHB 106: 133-34. 68 Castiglioni, Luigi. Travels in the United States of North America, 1785-87. Translated and edited by Antonio Pace. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1983. xli, 487 pp. ISBN 0815622643; OCLC 9219580; LC Call Number E164 .C3513. Citations: 9. Publishes a new translation of Castiglioni’s travel journals, originally published in 1790. Includes a biography of Castiglioni, a bibliography, and indexes. Covers notes on plants and observations on America and Americans after the Revolution. Choice 21: 1000. 69 Chapman, Paul H. The Norse Discovery of America. Atlanta, Ga.: One Candle Press, 1981. xiii, 120 pp. ISBN 091403202X; OCLC 7774434; LC Call Number E105 .C53. Citations: 1. Examines radiocarbon dating for the L’Anse aux Meadows settlements, concluding that Vinland was in fact Newfoundland and that the likely site of Lief Ericson’s longhouses would be Pistolet Bay. Choice 19: 433.

20 Books on Early American History and Culture 70 Fisher, Robin and J.M. Bumsted, eds. An Account of a Voyage to the North West Coast of America in 1785 and 1786 by Alexander Walker. Toronto: Douglas and McIntyre, 1982. 319 pp. ISBN 0295959304; OCLC 8283163; LC Call Number F851.5 .W16. Citations: 24. Gives an account of the voyage of Walker on the expedition of James Strange from India to the Northwest in 1785 and 1786. Presents Walker’s observations of plants, animals, and Native American life around Nootka Sound while on a fur-trading expedition led by James Strange. CHR 64: 549-50; Choice 20: 883; EAL 18: 302; LJ 107: 2256. 71 Flores, Dan L., ed. Jefferson and Southwestern Exploration: The Freeman and Custis Accounts of the Red River Expedition of 1806. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1984. xx, 386 pp. ISBN 0806117486; OCLC 9784028; LC Call Number F377 .R3 J43. Citations: 31. Offers an account of southern expeditions, emphasizing biology and geography. Contains maps and illustrations. Choice 22: 180; JER 6: 210; VMHB 93: 218-19. 72 Galloway, Patricia, ed. LaSalle and His Legacy: Frenchmen and Indians in the Lower Mississippi Valley. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1983. xiv, 260 pp. ISBN 0878051716; OCLC 8826902; LC Call Number F352 .L34. Citations: 5. Offers perspectives of thirteen scholars on the legacy of LaSalle’s 1682 expedition into the Lower Mississippi Valley. Choice 20: 1653; FHQ 62: 372-74; GHQ 67: 292. 73 Granzotto, Gianni. Christopher Columbus: The Dream and the Obsession, A Biography. New York: Doubleday, 1985. 300 pp. ISBN 0385196776; OCLC 11840476; LC Call Number E111 .G784. Citations: 12. Provides a creative account of Columbus’s life and voyages. Takes up Columbus’s mindset, arguing that he was obsessed with exploration. AHR 91: 890; GHQ 70: 184; NYH 68: 243; NYT Bk Rev (15 Dec 85): 9. 74 Hakluyt, Richard. Principall Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation: Selections. Edited by Richard David. Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1981. 640 pp. ISBN 0395315565; OCLC 7773077; LC Call Number E127 .P752. Citations: 0. Reprints portions of Hakluyt’s work, focusing on the Northeast Passage, Muscovy, Persia, the Mediterranean and the east, Guinea, Newfoundland, the Northwest Passage, the Caribbean, Virginia, Guiana, and the Straits of Magellan. Describes fifteenth- and sixteenth-century ships and navigation techniques. Choice 19: 1118. 75 Hauck, Richard Boyd. Crockett: A Bio-bibliography. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1982. xxiii, 169 pp. ISBN 031322272X; OCLC 8411160; LC Call Number Z8199.63 .H38; LC Call Number F436 .C95 C9. Citations: 5.

Geography and Exploration

21

Presents a short biography of Crockett as well as a description of works by and about Crockett. Explores the relationship between Crockett and Andrew Jackson, the historical fiction and legend of Crockett, and television and film portrayals. Choice 20: 1195. 76 Hayes, Edmund, ed. Log of the Union: John Bolt’s Remarkable Voyage to the Northwest Coast and Around the World, 1794-1796. Portland: Oregon Historical Society, 1981. xxxvii, 136 pp. ISBN 0875950973 (hbk.); ISBN 0875950892 (pbk.); LC Call Number G420 .U54 B64 . Citations: 6. Publishes Boit’s logbook recorded on board the Union during a trading voyage along the Northwest Coast and China. Includes an introduction to the maritime fur trade, biographical information on Boit, textual notes, and illustrations and maps. PHR 51: 424. 77 Jackson, Donald. Thomas Jefferson and the Stony Mountains: Exploring the West from Monticello. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1981. xiii, 339 pp. ISBN 0252008235; OCLC 6016119; LC Call Number E332.2 .J32. Citations: 40. Discusses Jefferson’s involvement in western exploration and the influence of men like Joshua Fry, Dr. Thomas Walker, Rev. James Maury, John Ledyard, George Washington, Andre Michaux, and groups such as the American Philosophical Society. Discusses Alexander Mackenzie’s voyages from Montreal (1801), and the explorations of the Ouachita, Red, and Arkansas rivers, as well as the Zebulon Pike and Astonia expeditions. AHR 87: 848; Choice 18: 1477; JAH 68: 656-57; JAS 15: 470-71; JSH 47: 44243; PHR 51: 320-21; VMHB 89: 501-502; WMQ 39: 390-92. 78 Javorski, Mary. The Canadian West Discovered: An Exhibition of Printed Maps from the 16th to the Early 20th Centuries. Calgary: Glenbow Museum, 1983. 75 pp. ISBN 0919224334 (pbk.); LC Call Number GA471 .J38. Citations: 1. Reproduces 50 maps printed between the 1500s and 1938, mostly from the Glenbow Museum’s collection. CHR 65: 619-20. 79 Kendrick, John. The Men with Wooden Feet: The Spanish Exploration of the Pacific Northwest. Toronto: NC Press, 1985. 168 pp. ISBN 0920053378; OCLC 12532667; LC Call Number F851.5 .K46; Dewey 917.95/041. Citations: 5. Examines Dionisio Alcalá Galiano and Cayetano Valdés’s circumnavigation of Vancouver Island in 1792, the Spanish colonial bureaucracy, economic activities involving mining and fur trading, and relations with natives. CHR 67: 253-54. 80 Kennedy, J. Gerald. The Astonished Traveler: William Darby, Frontier Geographer and Man of Letters. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University

22 Books on Early American History and Culture Press, 1981. xiv, 238 pp. OCLC 7461448; LC Call Number G69.D35 K46. Citations: 10. Presents a biography of Darby (1775-1854), who grew up in frontier southwestern Pennsylvania, worked as a western surveyor, provided reconaisence for Jackson at New Orleans in early 1815, and became a Philadelphia geographer, writer, teacher, and politician. Describes Darby as a “prototypical figure” who sought “to know the American West and to achieve fullness of experience in that cultivated garden.” AHR 87: 1460; JSH 49: 113-114. 81 Mack, Arthur C. The Palisades of the Hudson: Their Formation, Tradition, Romance, Historical Associations, Natural Wonders, and Preservation. New York: Walking News, 1982. vi, 58 pp. ISBN 9158500502 (pbk.); OCLC 13897751; LC Call Number F127 .H8. Citations: 0. Sketches the main features of the Palisades and its role in events like Dutch exploration, the American Revolution, and the Burr-Hamilton duel. Also includes material on efforts to preserve the area. NYH 65: 405. 82 Malaspina, Alejandro. Viaje científico y político a la America Meridional, a las Costas del Mar Pacífico y a las Islas Marianas y Filipinos verificado en los años de 1789, 90, 91, 92, 93 y 94 a bordo de las corbetas Descubierta y Atrevida de la Marina Real, mandadas por los capitanes de navío D. Alejandro Malaspina y D. José F. Bustamante. Madrid: Ediciones El Museo Universal, 1984. viii, 740 pp. ISBN 848621710X; LC Call Number E143 .M35. Citations: 10. Reprints part of an 1885 version recounting the Malaspina expedition, a 62month journey to the Americas and Oceania by the Descubierta and the Atrevida. Contains new footnotes, introductions, appendices, and twenty-six letters by Alajandro Malaspina. Includes biographical information on participants, a topical index, and explanations of nautical terms. PHR 55: 615-16. 83 Martin, James C. and Robert Sidney Martin. Maps of Texas and the Southwest, 1513-1900. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press for the Amon Carter Museum, 1984. x, 174 pp. ISBN 0826307418; OCLC 10712222; LC Call Number G1370 .M3. Citations: 10. Reproduces 50 black-and-white maps and nine in color. Introduces the science of cartography, the process of map production, and developments in mapmaking from the Spanish conquest to the turn of the twentieth century. Discusses the coast of Texas, the impact of the Franco-Spanish rivalry on inland mapping, surveying the Mexican boundary, and the development of infrastructure after the Civil War. Choice 22: 612; JSH 51: 136. 84 McCall, Edith. Conquering the Rivers: Henry Miller Shreve and the Navigation of America’s Inland Waterways. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State

Geography and Exploration

23

University Press, 1984. xi, 260 pp. ISBN 0807111279; OCLC 9644422; LC Call Number VM140 .S57 M35. Citations: 6. Surveys Shreve’s role in opening western waterways, developing the steamboat, and supplying forces in the War of 1812. IMH 80: 383-85; JAH 71: 623-24; JSH 51: 286-87; LH 26: 206-208; NCHR 61: 537-38. 85 McWilliams, Richebourg Gaillard, ed. Iberville’s Gulf Journals. By Pierre LeMoyne d’Iberville. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1981. x, 195 pp. ISBN 081730049X; OCLC 6421114; LC Call Number F372 .L538. Citations: 14. Describes the three voyages to the Gulf of Mexico (1699-1702) by Iberville (1661-1706). Contends they represent “a chronicle, in fascinating detail, of what daily life was like, as a representative of the old world encountered life in the new world.” CHR 63: 253-54; Choice 19: 984; FHQ 61: 78-80; GHQ 65: 381-82; JSH 48: 411-12; LH 23: 215-16. 86 Moulton, Gary E., ed. Atlas of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press for the Center for Great Plains Studies and the American Philosophical Society, 1983. ISBN 0803228619; OCLC 8629853; LC Call Number F592.4. Citations: 17. Prints the maps and plans of the 1804-1806 Lewis and Clark expedition. Includes 135 maps detailing the route from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia and an introduction that incorporates current scholarship on the expedition. Choice 21: 496; PHR 55: 471-73; WMQ 41: 530-32. 87 O’Mara, James. An Historical Geography of Urban System Development: Tidewater Virginia in the 18th Century. Downsview, Ont.: Department of Geography, Atkinson College, York University, 1983. xi, 320 pp. OCLC 9999929; LC Call Number HT123.5 .V5 O43. Citations: 5. Surveys the growth of towns in the Tidewater region, arguing that some regions developed randomly, while others grew in response to specific economic stimuli. WMQ 41: 151-53. 88 Papenfuse, Edward C. and Joseph M. Coale III, eds. The HammondHarwood House Atlas of Historical Maps of Maryland, 1608-1908. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins Press, 1982. viii, 127 pp. ISBN 0801828848; OCLC 8669434; LC Call Number G1270 .P3. Citations: 5. Studies the efforts of cartographers over time to determine the boundaries of Maryland, from the description and drawing of John Smith to the 1908 legal battle that finally settled the question of the state’s western edge. JSH 49: 440-41; WMQ 41: 146-48. 89 Parry, John H. and Robert G. Keith, eds. New Iberian World: A Documentary History of the Discovery and Settlement of Latin America to the

24 Books on Early American History and Culture Early 17th Century. 5 vols. New York: Times Books, 1984. ISBN 0812910702; OCLC 9131849; LC Call Number F1411 .I18. Citations: 6. Publishes 494 documents on Spanish and Portuguese exploration and settlement. Includes brief introductions, contemporary histories, government reports, letters, legislative pieces, papal bulls, court testimony, and descriptions. Choice 22: 734-35. 90 Rodack, Madeleine Turrell, eds. Adolph F. Bandelier’s The Discovery of New Mexico by the Franciscan Monk Friar Marcos de Niza in 1539. Tuscon: University of Arizona Press, 1981. 135 pp. ISBN 0816507171; OCLC 6864211; LC Call Number F799 .B25513. Citations: 12. Translates into English the work of Bandelier, an ethnologist, historian, and archaeologist. Describes Marcos de Niza’s search for the “city of gold,” Cíbola, including his travels to and discovery of New Mexico. Includes a bibliography and maps. Choice 18: 1330. 91 Shirley, John W. Sir Walter Ralegh and the New World. Raleigh: Historical Publication Section, North Carolina Department of Archives and History, 1985. xi, 129 pp. ISBN 0865262063 (pbk.); OCLC 12333644; LC Call Number F229 .S535. Citations: 0. Covers the period between Raleigh’s grant of exploration from Elizabeth I (1584) to his death (1618). Includes material on the Roanoke Colony and fellow English adventurers. GHQ 69: 629; JSH 52: 503. 92 Simpson, Alan. The Mysteries of the “Frenchman’s Map ” of Williamsburg, Virginia. Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1984. ix, 42 pp. ISBN 0879351047 (pbk.); OCLC 10299412; LC Call Number GA460 .W55 S56. Citations: 2. Examines the history of the “Frenchman’s Map,” which John D. Rockefeller used in the restoration of Williamsburg when it was begun in 1926. VMHB 93:361. 93 Swanton, John R. Final Report of the United States DeSoto Expedition Commission. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1985. lxxxviii, 400 pp. ISBN 0874748933; OCLC 12094816; LC Call Number E125 .S7 U6. Citations: 22. Reports on the work of the DeSoto Expedition Commission, which was first submitted to Congress in 1939. Studies DeSoto’s entrada of 1539-43, including his narrative, the Spaniards’ and Indians’ activities, and the plants and animals that DeSoto’s party encountered. Am Ant 53: 199-200; GHQ 69: 447. 94 Thomas, Alfred Barnaby, ed. Alonso de Posada Report, 1686: A Description of the Area of the Present Southern United States in the Late Seventeenth Century. Pensacola, Fla.: Perdido Bay Press, 1982. viii, 69 pp. OCLC 8689736; LC Call Number F396 .P67. Citations: 3.

Geography and Exploration

25

Presents a translated report from Posada, which takes up the issue of a possible short route from the Gulf Coast to Santa Fe through the present-day southern United States. Examines whether a potential expedition by a Spanish explorer on behalf of the French was problematic for Spanish interests in North America. Identifies important geographic points and gives extensive information on the Plains Indians JSH 49: 496-97; LH 24: 219-21. 95 Thrower, Norman J.W., ed. Sir Francis Drake and the Famous Voyage, 1577-1580: Essays Commemorating the Quadricentennial of Drake’s Circumnavigation of the Earth. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. xix, 214 pp. ISBN 0520048768; OCLC 9576843; LC Call Number G420 .D7 S57. Citations: 23. Brings together essays on Drake from five American and five British scholars. Papers take up sponsorship and motivation for Drake’s voyage, cartographic and geographic issues, and the “literary response to the voyage.” Includes insights on navigation, early accounts about the voyage, South America and the South Seas, Drake’s Plymouth, Charles Fitzgeffrey’s comment on Drake’s death, and Drake’s exploration legacy. PHR 54: 208. 96 Vancouver, George. A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean and Round the World, 1791-1795. Edited by W. Kaye Lamb. London: The Hakluyt Society, 1984. xx, 1752 pp. ISBN 0904180166; OCLC 11945202; LC Call Number G161.H2. Citations: 34. Covers Vancouver’s exploration of northwestern inlets and rivers, his relationships with Sir Joseph Banks, Alexander Dalrymple and Captain Cook, his mission, and the particulars of his voyages. CHR 67: 89-91; CJH 21: 269-70. 97 Waddell, Louis M., John L. Tottenham, and Donald H. Kent, eds. The Papers of Henry Bouquet. Vol. 5: September 1, 1760-October 31, 1761. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1984. xxx, 875 pp. OCLC 742315; LC Call Number E83.76 .B7; LC Call Number F152 .B77. Citations: 7. Papers deal with the surrender of French Canada and western forts, efforts to stem trans-Appalachian settlement and hunting, difficulties with western Indians, and John Bartram’s upper Ohio River valley tour. NYH 69: 503; OH 97: 170; Penn Hist 52: 276-77; PMHB 111: 125-26; WMQ 43: 147-48. 98 Wallace, Paul A.W., ed. The Travels of John Heckewelder in Frontier America. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1985. xviii, 474 pp. ISBN 0822953692 (pbk.); OCLC 11371455; LC Call Number E163 .T73. Citations: 2. Reprints a 1958 edition. Edits Heckewelder’s journals and diaries and includes information from the account of John Mortimer. Records Heckewelder’s travels across the Midwest and Mid-Atlantic regions between 1762 and 1813. Comments on Indian food, dress, housing, and ceremonies.

26 Books on Early American History and Culture Penn Hist 53: 154-55. 99 Ware, John D. George Gauld: Surveyor and Cartographer of the Gulf Coast. Revised and completed by Robert R. Rea. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1982. xx, 251 pp. ISBN 0813007089; OCLC 7947565; LC Call Number TA533 .G38 W37. Citations: 10. Presents an account of eighteenth-century British surveyor and cartographer of the Gulf Coast George Gauld. Argues that Gauld’s work was appropriated by better known eighteenth-century cartographers like Bernard Romans, Thomas Hutchins, and Dr. William Stork. FHQ 62: 81-82; J Miss Hist 46: 67-68; JSH 49: 446-47; LH 24: 206-207. 100 Weddle, Robert S. Spanish Sea: The Gulf of Mexico in North American Discovery, 1500-1685. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1985. xvi, 457 pp. ISBN 0890962111; OCLC 11468026; LC Call Number F296 .W43. Citations: 17. Presents a general history of the Gulf of Mexico from its exploration through the bulk of the seventeenth century. Argues that, after 1508, “the Gulf became the conduit for discovery, exploration, and settlement of the continent, unrivaled as such for years to come—the Atlantic coastal voyages and search for a northern strait notwithstanding.” FHQ 64: 340-42; GHQ 70: 130-32; JAH 73: 171; J Miss Hist 48: 74-76. 101 Youings, Joyce, ed. Raleigh in Exeter, 1985: Privateering and Colonisation in the Reign of Elizabeth I. Exeter: University of Exeter, 1985. x, 117 pp. ISBN 0859892522; OCLC 14177373; LC Call Number DA86 .R3. Citations: 3. Publishes papers delivered at a May 1985 Exeter University conference. Includes articles on privateering, ship technology, Ralegh and his son, the “lost colony of Roanoke,” John White’s drawings and the historiography of Sir Walter Raleigh. NCHR 63: 537. 102 Young, Chester Raymond, ed. Westward Into Kentucky: The Narrative of Daniel Trabue. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1981. vi, 218 pp. ISBN 0813114101; OCLC 7795238; LC Call Number F454 .T728. Citations: 7. Publishes an 1827 narrative describing the journey of Daniel Trabue (b. 1760), who left Virginia for Kentucky in 1778 in a militia group under the command of George Rogers Clark. Notes that Trabue remained on the frontier for three years and then returned to Virginia where he farmed and milled, witnessed the siege of Yorktown and got married before returning to Kentucky in 1785. Covers Trabue’s ancestry, childhood, journey and first settlement in Kentucky, the American Revolution and his experiences as a founder of Adair County, Kentucky. VMHB 91: 368-69.

4 Colonization

103 Allen, David Grayson. In English Ways: The Movement of Societies and the Transferal of English Local Law and Custom to Massachusetts Bay in the Seventeenth Century. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, 1981. xxi, 312 pp. ISBN 0807814482; OCLC 6195034; LC Call Number HT123.5 .M4 A44. Citations: 112. Studies early settlers’ farming and landholding practices, government patterns, and leadership styles. Argues that, generally, settlers of five Massachusetts towns (Rowley, Hingham, Newbury, Ipswich, and Watertown) “set up a network of relationships in law, government, economy and society that duplicated their English background.” AHR 86: 1142; CJH 17: 156-57; JAH 68: 645-46; LJ 105: 2567; WMQ 39: 36570. 104 Andrews, Kenneth R. Trade, Plunder, and Settlement: Maritime Enterprise and the Genesis of the British Empire, 1480-1630. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985. ix, 394 pp. ISBN 0521257603 (hbk.); ISBN 0521276985 (pbk.); OCLC 10532310; LC Call Number HF3505 .A68. Citations: 80. Concludes that “the seeds of colonies were sown in the course of trade, plunder or harvesting the sea.” Contends that the English Crown sought out get-richquick projects, not opportunities for colonization. Notes that most early British efforts at colonization were failures and were driven largely by competition with Spain, Portugal, and Holland. AHR 91: 390; CJH 21: 246-47; Choice 23: 180; History 70: 512; Hist Today 36: 56; Times Lit Supp (8 March 85): 251; VMHB 94: 220-21; WMQ 43: 296-99.

28 Books on Early American History and Culture 105 Anna, Timothy E. Spain and the Loss of America. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983. xxiv, 343 pp. ISBN 0803210140; OCLC 8552551; LC Call Number F1412 .A6. Citations: 39. Studies events in Spain and the Indies from the late eighteenth century through the wars for independence in the 1820s. Focuses on Spanish attitudes toward the colonies, arguing that successive administrations failed to implement a coherent policy and were generally ambivalent toward the colonies. AHR 89: 1090; CJH 19: 152; Choice 20: 1641; Times Lit Supp (24 June 83): 663. 106 Boucher, Philip P. The Shaping of the French Colonial Empire: A Biobibliography of the Careers of Richelieu, Fouquet, and Colbert. New York: Garland, 1985. xix, 201 pp. ISBN 0824089731; OCLC 12188371; LC Call Number Z8744.23 .B68. Citations: 3. Lists and annotates primary and secondary sources on the French colonial empire. Includes material on the Americas and the Caribbean, placing items in the context of the French economy and politics. Choice 23: 1036. 107 Bumsted, J.M., ed. The Collected Writings of Lord Selkirk (1799-1809). Winnipeg: Manitoba Record Society, 1984. x, 372 pp. ISBN 0969210116; OCLC 12543875; LC Call Number F1063.S47. Citations: 6. Publishes writings that illustrate Selkirk’s Scottish background, emigration, plans for the North American frontier, and ideas about the agricultural and economic development of settlements. CHR 67: 435-37. 108 Calder, Angus. Revolutionary Empire: The Rise of the English-Speaking Empires from the Fifteenth Century to the 1780s. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1981. xxiii, 916 pp. ISBN 0525190805; OCLC 7416399; LC Call Number DA16 .C24. Citations: 17. Examines “areas overrun and governed by English-speakers,” namely Ireland, Scotland, Wales, North America, the Caribbean, Africa, and India. Studies how these regions “continually intersect [and] interact” during Europe’s expansion. Hist Today 31 n9: 56; LJ 106: 1218; WMQ 42: 127-29. 109 Cell, Gillian T., ed. Newfoundland Discovered: English Attempts at Colonization, 1610-1630. London: Hakluyt Society, 1982. xviii, 310 pp. ISBN 0904180131; OCLC 8744240; LC Call Number G161 .H2. Citations: 17. Introduces Newfoundland settlement, including material on various colonies between 1610 and 1630. Reprints Whitbourne’s Discourse and Discovery, Mason’s A Brief Discourse, and letters from Guy, Falkland, and Calvert. CHR 64: 235-37. 110 Crouch, Dora P., Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Spanish City Planning in North America. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1982. xxii, 298 pp. ISBN 0262030810; OCLC 7945102; LC Call Number HT169 .N68 C76. Citations: 31.

Colonization 29 Examines the development of colonial Spanish towns. Argues that Spanish imperial bureaucrats persuaded Philip II to issue ordinances on the establishment of municipalities based upon the writings of Roman engineer Pollio Vitruvius; these were codified in the Laws of the Indies of 1573. AHR 88: 166; Choice 20: 166; JAH 10: 124-25. 111 Durant, David N. Ralegh’s Lost Colony: The Story of the First English Settlement in America. New York: Atheneum Publishers, 1981. xvii, 188 pp. ISBN 0689110987; OCLC 6649884; LC Call Number F262 .R4 D87. Citations: 6. Offers a narrative of the exploration and colonization of North Carolina’s Outer Banks. Includes details about the Amades, Barlowe, and Grenville expeditions, the Ralph Lane and John White colonies, and efforts to find White’s “lost colony.” Argues that Sir Richard Grenville, Lane, and White all contributed to their colonies’ failures. Choice 19: 434; JAH 68: 644-45; NCHR 58: 384; VMHB 90: 502-503. 112 Ettinger, Amos Aschbach. Oglethorpe: A Brief Biography. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1984. xxviii, 90 pp. ISBN 0865541108; OCLC 10753247; LC Call Number F289 .O37 E87. Citations: 0. Presents a reprint of a readable 1929 biography of Oglethorpe. GHQ 69: 90-91. 113 Garrison, Webb. Oglethorpe’s Folly: The Birth of Georgia. Lakemont, Ga.: Copple House Books, 1983. 253 pp. ISBN 0932298303; OCLC 8386410; LC Call Number F289 .G27. Citations: 3. Presents a biography of Oglethorpe covering, among other things, his education at Oxford, attraction to the Jacobites, tour of Europe, service in Parliament, and his role in the founding of Georgia. Seeks to engender a “new appreciation of a complex and sometimes vulnerable man.” Choice 20: 1358; JAH 70: 397; WMQ 40: 632-33. 114 Ives, Vernon A., ed. The Rich Papers: Letters from Bermuda, 1615-1646: Eyewitness Accounts Sent By the Early Colonists to Sir Nathaniel Rich. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1984. xxvi, 413 pp. ISBN 0802034055; OCLC 11541841; LC Call Number F1630.4.R53. Citations: 10. Arranges the Rich papers chronologically. Provides an introduction, identification of individuals, and background information on the early history of Bermuda. Choice 22: 1692; VMHB 94: 109-110. 115 Kupperman, Karen Ordahl. Roanoke: The Abandoned Colony. Totowa, N.J.: Rowman and Allanheld, 1984. viii, 182 pp. ISBN 0847671275 (hbk.); ISBN 0847673391 (pbk.); OCLC 10323936; LC Call Number F229 .K9. Citations: 9. Discusses Raleigh’s expedition to the Outer Banks, the occupational makeup of colonists, the role of Algonquians, the Roanoke settlement, the work of John White in colonization and comparisons with the efforts of the Virginia

30 Books on Early American History and Culture Company. Concludes that “the connection of the settlement and privateering sealed the doom both of the colony and the final group of colonists.” Explains that “Nothing that concerned a colony would ever be allowed to stand in the way of privateering. The problems and final abandonment of Roanoke stem from this simple fact of life.” AHR 90: 750; Choice 22: 611; JAH 72: 125-26; JSH 51: 422-23; NCHR 63: 118119. 116 Landsman, Ned C. Scotland and Its First American Colony, 1683-1765. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1985. xiv, 360 pp. ISBN 0691047243; OCLC 11532942; LC Call Number F145 .S3 L36. Citations: 45. Examines socioeconomic changes in Scotland, immigration to North America, Scottish communities in New Jersey, revival and everyday life. Argues that “the social background of the colonists continued to play a vital role in community life, in such diverse aspects as the patterns of settlement, landholding, and inheritance they adopted, and in communal and familial relationships generally.” Notes that New Jersey colonizers were largely Quaker and Episcopalian farmers representing “the most Anglicized elements in Scottish society.” CJH 21: 430-31; Choice 23: 789; JAEH 7: 123-25; JAH 73: 1020; JAS 21: 13839; NYH 67: 377-78; Penn Hist 53: 233-34; PMHB 110: 460-62; WMQ 43: 67274. 117 Marcus, G.J. The Conquest of the North Atlantic. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981. xiv, 224 pp. OCLC 7115531; LC Call Number G89 .M3. Citations: 18. Discusses Irish seafaring before the Vikings, the “Norse conquest,” colonization, commerce in Greenland, Iceland, and Vinland, the decline of the Norse and the rise of Hanse and English North Atlantic commerce. JAH 68: 913. 118 McAlister, Lyle N. Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492-1700. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984. xxvi, 585 pp. ISBN 0816612161 (hbk.); ISBN 0816612188 (pbk.); OCLC 10045439; LC Call Number E123 .M38. Citations: 42. Surveys the initial two centuries of Spanish and Portuguese rule in the Americas, including aspects of race, religion, government, society, and economy. Choice 22: 1396; FHQ 64: 342-44; JAH 72: 675-76. 119 McCarty, Kieran. A Spanish Frontier in the Enlightened Age: Franciscan Beginnings in Sonora and Arizona, 1767-1770. Washington, D.C.: Academy of American Franciscan History, 1981 xii, 116 pp. OCLC 7985296; LC Call Number F799 .M28. Citations: 15. Explores Franciscan efforts in Sonora and Arizona after the Jesuit expulsion (1767-68). Examines the roles of civil commissioners, the military, the secular clergy and José de Gálvez. Notes that mission efforts and attempts to encourage individual initiative among natives were not very successful. PHR 52: 443-44.

Colonization 31 120 McNeill, John Robert. Atlantic Empires of France and Spain: Louisbourg and Havana, 1700-1763. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985. xvii, 329 pp. ISBN 0807816698; OCLC 11815679; LC Call Number F1799 .H357 M36. Citations: 27. Compares the imperial systems of France and Spain with regard to politics, economics, social structure, militaries, and administrations. Pays particular attention to naval policy, fortifications, fisheries, and the tobacco trade in the context of mercantilism. Choice 23: 1440; CHR 68: 130-31; CJH 22: 110-12; WMQ 44: 134-36. 121 Miller, Helen Hill. Passage to America: Ralegh’s Colonists Take Ship for Roanoke. Raleigh: North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources and America’s Four Hundredth Anniversary Committee, 1983. xiii, 84 pp. ISBN 0865262020; OCLC 10441962; LC Call Number F229 .M64. Citations: 1. Describes the circumstances surrounding—and individuals involved in— England’s initial colonization efforts. Discusses the efforts of Francis Drake, Walter Ralegh, John and Richard Hawkins, Humphrey Gilbert, Richard Grenville, and John Davis. NCHR 61: 393-94. 122 Quinn, David B. and Alison M. Quinn, eds. The First Colonists: Documents on the Planting of the First English Settlements in North America, 1584-1590. Raleigh: North Carolina Division of Archives and History, 1982. xxv, 199 pp. ISBN 0865261954; OCLC 9153424; LC Call Number E127 .F57. Citations: 5. Collects documents on Roanoke, including narratives of Arthur Barlowe, Ralph Lane, Thomas Harlot, and John White. GHQ 67: 150-51; JSH 49: 497; NCHR 60: 367-68. 123 Quinn, David Beers. The Lost Colonists: Their Fortune and Probable Fate. Raleigh: North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, 1984. xviii, 53 pp. ISBN 0865262047 (pbk.); OCLC 10934168; LC Call Number F229 .Q55. Citations: 1. Explores evidence “that seven survivors remained in possession (as slaves?) of a chief who dominated the Chowan River.” Finds “that the majority of the Lost Colonists, after nearly twenty years of life alongside or mingled with the Indians living to the south of Chesapeake Bay . . . were wiped out in a massacre by the despotic ruler of the Indian tribes of Tidewater, Virginia.” GHQ 68: 632-33; NCHR 61: 514-15. 124 Quinn, David Beers. Set Fair for Roanoke: Voyages and Colonies, 15841606. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for America’s Four Hundredth Anniversary Committee, 1985. xxiv, 467 pp. ISBN 080781606X (hbk.); ISBN 0807841234 (pbk.); OCLC 10404483; LC Call Number F229 .Q56. Citations: 32. Relates “an interesting, important and at times thrilling tale.” Discusses the 1584 reconnaiscance of Amadas and Barlowe, the 1585 Roanoke Island colony and the so-called “Lost Colony” of 1587. Stresses the importance of initial

32 Books on Early American History and Culture efforts as “a starting point from which English American colonies were to grow, even if continuity was lost.” Describes the role of ship pilot Simon Fernandes in the location of the 1587 venture and addresses theories regarding the “Lost Colony.” AHR 90: 1263; Choice 22: 1563; FHQ 65: 112-13; GHQ 70: 129-30; JAH 72: 676-77; JAS 21: 124-25; JSH 52: 441-42; VMHB 94: 108-109; WMQ 43: 299301. 125 Reinhardt, Steven G., ed. The Sun King: Louis XIV and the New World. New Orleans: Louisiana Museum Foundation, 1984. 343 pp. ISBN 0916137007 (hbk.); ISBN 0916137015 (pbk.); OCLC 10457793; LC Call Number DC126 .S86. Citations: 7. Presents an exhibition catalog and essays on Louis XIV. Lists exhibited objects with descriptions. LH 26: 103-105. 126 Schutz, John A. Spain’s Colonial Outpost. San Francisco, Calif.: Boyd and Fraser Publishing, 1985. 126 pp. ISBN 0878351507 (pbk.); OCLC 10996159; LC Call Number F864 .S37. Citations: 5. Examines the Spanish role in California, including influence on art, music, architecture, language, and religion. Covers the establishment of the mission system under Junípero Serra and Fermín Francisco de Lasuén, civil and military pueblos and ranchos. Discusses settlers’ encroachments on Indian territory, and the decline of missions. PHR 55: 304-305. 127 Sluiter, Engel. The Florida Situado: Quantifying the First Eighty Years, 1571-1651. Gainesville: University of Florida Libraries, 1985. ii, 20 pp. OCLC 11866796; LC Call Number F314 .S62. Citations: 4. Presents statistics on the payment of the Florida situado from 1571 through 1651, along with an essay explaining the statistical tables. Gives information by year, including the grant amount from the Spanish Crown, pay period, disbursing treasury, payment dates, payment amounts and purpose of the funds, and the source of information. Argues that the system was more efficient and timely than has been supposed and that interruptions of payments were relatively infrequent. FHQ 65: 101-102; GHQ 70: 185; LH 27: 212-13. 128 Soderlund, Jean R., ed. William Penn and the Founding of Pennsylvania, 1680-1684: A Documentary History. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press and the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1983. viii, 416 pp. ISBN 0812278623; OCLC 9081596; LC Call Number F152.2 .W53. Citations: 13. Offers 101 documents on the founding of Pennsylvania (May 1680 to August 1684). Includes promotional tracts, plans for government, negotiations with Native Americans, and business papers. Choice 21: 498; Penn Hist 51: 175-76; WMQ 46: 165-70.

Colonization 33 129 Spalding, Phinizy. Oglethorpe in America. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1984. xii, 207 pp. ISBN 0820307343 (pbk.); OCLC 10825559; LC Call Number F289 .O37 S63. Citations: 7. Reprints a 1977 monograph. Places Oglethorpe in the context of his times, drawing parallels to Penn and Raleigh, among others, and focusing on his career as a colonial lawmaker, administrator, soldier and diplomat. Notes his rejection of slavery, alcohol and religious intolerance. GHQ 69: 136. 130 Stick, David. Roanoke Island: The Beginnings of English America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1983. xiii, 266 pp. ISBN 0807815543 (hbk.); ISBN 0807841102 (pbk.); OCLC 9413168; LC Call Number F262 .R4 S74. Citations: 6. Places the efforts of Roanoke in the context of Elizabethan nationalism and American expeditions by other European powers. Draws upon the accounts of Thomas Harriot, John White, and Ralph Lane, and discusses theories about the fate of the “Lost Colonists.” Choice 21: 1047; JSH 50: 632-33; NCHR 61: 510; PMHB 109: 81-82. 131 Story, G.M., ed. Early European Settlement and Exploitation in Atlantic Canada. St. John’s: Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1982. 161 pp. ISBN 088901079X; OCLC 10863928; LC Call Number F1035.8 .E27. Citations: 10. Presents nine papers from a 1979 symposium on Atlantic Canada, particularly Newfoundland. Includes essays on colonization, especially at Red Bay, Labrador, and Cupid’s Cove, Newfoundland, cod fishing outposts. Am Ant 48: 875; CHR 64: 235-37. 132 Varner, John Grier and Jeanette Johnson Varner. Dogs of the Conquest. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1983. xvii, 238 pp. ISBN 0806117931; OCLC 9646397; LC Call Number F1411 .V33. Citations: 19. Traces Spaniards’ uses of dogs in the Caribbean, Castilla del Gro, Nueva España, Nueva Galicia, Quivira, Florida, Nueva Castilla, Granada, Venezuela, Chile, and Rio de la Plata. Seeks to “relate the incidents in which dogs played a significant part in the conquest, as recorded by sixteenth-century chroniclers . . . and as revealed in legal, military, and literary-historical documents of the period.” Am Ant 50: 710-11; FHQ 63: 99-101; PHR 53: 504-505. 133 Wetmore, Donald and Lester B. Sellick, eds. Loyalists in Nova Scotia: Biographies of Loyalist Settlers. Hantsport, Nova Scotia: Lancelot Press, 1983. 159 pp. ISBN 0889991944; OCLC 10494103; LC Call Number F1038 L68. Citations: 16. Presents thirteen biographical sketches for a general readership, emphasizing genealogical facts and early settlement living conditions. CHR 66: 123-24.

5 Maritime History

134 Mathewson, R. Duncan. Archaeological Treasure: The Search for Neustra Señora de Atocha. Key West, Fla.: Seafarers Heritage Library, 1983. xxiv, 171 pp. ISBN 0916149005 (pbk.); OCLC 10771999; LC Call Number F313 .M4. Citations: 0. Discusses the work of R. Duncan Mathewson III, a marine archaeologist who worked with Mel Fisher to find the Nuestra. Describes the science of the project, the environment, methodology, and artifact analysis. FHQ 63: 456-58. 135 Middleton, Arthur Pierce. Tobacco Coast: A Maritime History of Chesapeake Bay in the Colonial Era. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press and the Maryland State Archives, 1984. xviii, 508 pp. ISBN 0801825342 (pbk.); OCLC 11157610; LC Call Number F187 .C5 M5. Citations: 24. Presents a general history of colonial Chesapeake Bay, originally published in 1953 by the Mariners’ Museum. JSH 51:487. 136 Proulx, Gilles. Between France and New France: Life Aboard the Tall Sailing Ships. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1984. 173 pp. ISBN 0919670814 (hbk.); ISBN 0919670806 (pbk.); OCLC 12180205; LC Call Number VK18 .P7613x. Citations: 5. Notes that “the high number of French vessels in North American waters during the Seven Years’ War is somewhat astonishing given the [limited] commercial importance of New France.” Concludes that “the relatively short careers of most sailing vessels would suggest that they were poorly built.”

36 Books on Early American History and Culture CHR 66: 427-28. 137 Quinn, David B. and A.N. Ryan. England’s Sea Empire, 1550-1642. Winchester, Mass.: Allen and Unwin, 1983. xiv, 257 pp. ISBN 0049421794; OCLC 9682854; LC Call Number DA356 .Q56. Citations: 28. Offers a narrative history of England’s emergence as a sea power prior to the English Civil War, which was driven by the exploration of trade routes. BHR 59: 514-15. 138 Smith, Philip Chadwick Foster, ed. Seafaring in Colonial Massachusetts: A Conference Held by the Colonial Society of Massachusetts, November 21 and 22, 1975. Boston: Colonial Society of Massachusetts, distributed by the University Press of Virginia, 1981. xvii, 268 pp. OCLC 7321509; LC Call Number F61 .C71. Citations: 6. Publishes papers from the Colonial Society’s 1975 seafaring conference. Articles take up issues of vessel design, coastal cartography, trade (particularly in whale oil and between Massachusetts and Louisbourg), smuggling, the Royal Navy and Customs Service, and the lives of Abraham Browne and Cyprian Southack. Pieces underscore the risks inherent in colonial serfaring. Choice 18: 1158. 139 Wood, Virginia Steele. Live Oaking: Southern Timber for Tall Ships. Boston, Mass.: Northeastern University Press, 1981. xi, 206 pp. ISBN 0930350316; OCLC 7795440; LC Call Number SD397 .L64 W66. Citations: 10. Describes the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century business of logging Georgia live oak trees for building merchant and naval ships. Discusses shipbuilding methods, the effort required to log the trees, and the tools and terminology used. Notes that the oaks were used in ships like the U.S.S. Constitution, as well as clipper ships and whaling vessels. GHQ 66: 248.

6 Native Americans

140 Anderson, Gary Clayton. Kinsmen of Another Kind: Dakota-White Relations in the Upper Mississippi Valley, 1650-1862. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1984. xvi, 383 pp. ISBN 0803210183; OCLC 10162792; LC Call Number E99 .D1 A48. Citations: 36. Describes relations between the eastern Sioux and whites from the seventeenth century through the Minnesota rising of 1862. Discusses the development of the Sioux-Chippewa relationship, kinship ties between traders and Indian families, and Dakota attitudes toward whites. Concludes that the relationship was mutually beneficial to whites and natives until the nineteenth century, when the Dakota began experiencing severe economic problems followed by American demands for land cessions. AHR 90: 1002; CJH 20: 429-30; Choice 22: 1215-16; Ethnohistory 33: 120; JAH 72: 399; JAS 19: 314. 141 Aquila, Richard. The Iroquois Restoration: Iroquois Diplomacy on the Colonial Frontier, 1701-1754. Detroit, Mich.: Wayne State University Press, 1983. 285 pp. ISBN 0814317170; OCLC 8666973; LC Call Number E99 .I7 A68. Citations: 30. Presents a “history of Iroquois diplomacy during the first half of the 18th century.” Emphasizes the role of the French in breaking the military hold of the Iroquois during King William’s War. Contends that, as a result of losses, the Iroquois developed a new policy based on neutrality with the French and British, rapprochement with western and northern tribes, cooperation with the Pennsylvania government, and war against Indians of Virginia and the Carolinas. AHR 91: 984; Choice 21: 1367; Ethnohistory 32: 71; JAH 71: 379-80; NYH 65: 311-12; WMQ 42: 134-36.

38 Books on Early American History and Culture 142 Axtell, James. The European and the Indian: Essays in the Ethnohistory of Colonial North America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981. xii, 402 pp. ISBN 0195029038 (hbk.); ISBN 0195029046 (pbk.); OCLC 6864212; LC Call Number E98 .C89. Citations: 157. Collects ten essays covering the writing of ethnohistory, the practice of scalping, and European efforts to Christianize Indians. Choice 19: 549; Ethnohistory 30: 181; GHQ 66: 384; JAEH 2: 71-76; LJ 106: 1303; Penn Hist 50: 326-27; WMQ 39: 532-34. 143 Axtell, James, ed. The Indian Peoples of Eastern America: A Documentary History of the Sexes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981. xxi, 233 pp. ISBN 019502740X (hbk.); ISBN 0195027418 (pbk.); OCLC 5831792; LC Call Number E78 .E2 I52. Citations: 26. Examines “the life cycle of the Indians of eastern North America” through documents, mostly from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Ethnohistory 31: 58; Penn Hist 49: 65-66. 144 Axtell, James. The Invasion Within: The Contest of Cultures in Colonial North America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. xv, 389 pp. ISBN 0195035968; OCLC 11971236; LC Call Number E98 .C89 A93. Citations: 160. Studies the ways in which the French, English, and Indians attempted to influence one another. Concludes that missions “provided the natives with practical techniques for coping with the invaders.” Finds that literacy, arithmetic, knowledge of European law, medicine and geographic concepts “all helped the Indians adjust to their new world.” Notes also that praying towns and reserves “surrounded by arrogant and eventually racist colonial communities helped the Indians to maintain the crucial ethnic core at the heart of their newly acquired Christian personae.” AHR 92: 1179; CH 55: 378-79; CHR 68: 118-20; Ethnohistory 36: 89; GHQ 70: 528-30; History 72: 464; JAAR 54: 761; J Relig 68: 626; LJ 110: 98; NYT Bk Rev (3 Nov 85): 15; Penn Hist 53: 323-24; PMHB 110: 459-60; Times Lit Supp (13 June 86): 652; WMQ 43: 660-64. 145 Dickason, Olive Patricia. The Myth of the Savage and the Beginnings of French Colonialism in the Americas. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 1984. xvii, 372 pp. ISBN 0888640366; OCLC 10896411; LC Call Number E131 .D53. Citations: 53. Examines the development of French attitudes towards Native Americans in colonial America. Notes that in the early sixteenth century Europeans saw Indians as bestial and less developed culturally than the people of Europe. Concludes that efforts at “converting” and “civilizing” ultimately failed because they were rooted in such beliefs of Indian inferiority. AHR 90: 1000; CHR 66: 108-109; EAL 20: 178; EHR 102: 490; JAH 72: 126-27; PHR 54: 520; WMQ 42: 403-405. 146 Dickens, Roy S., Jr., ed. Of Sky and Earth: Art of the Early Southeastern Indians. Atlanta, Ga.: Georgia Department of Archives and History, 1982. 96 pp. OCLC 9622040; LC Call Number E99 .M6815 O37. Citations: 0.

Native Americans 39 Describes a 1982 Atlanta exhibit on the artwork of early southeastern Indians. Includes essays on archaeology, Mississippi Indian culture, and pre-Columbian crafts. Lists all displayed objects, their time period, place of discovery, and the permanent collection to which they belong. GHQ 67: 425. 147 Din, Gilbert C. and A.P. Nasatir. The Imperial Osages: Spanish-Indian Diplomacy in the Mississippi Valley. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1983. xv, 432 pp. ISBN 0806118342; OCLC 9392905; LC Call Number E99 .O8 D5. Citations: 22. Describes Osage-Spanish relations in Louisiana. Examines Osage culture and life under the French, fur trading and work under the Spanish and relations with the Americans. AHR 89: 1149; Choice 21: 1044; FHQ 63: 101-103; JAH 71: 854; PHR 54: 8081. 148 Dobyns, Henry F. Their Number Become Thinned: Native American Population Dynamics in Eastern North America. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press in cooperation with the Newberry Library Center for the History of the American Indian, 1983. xviii, 378 pp. ISBN 0870494007 (hbk.); ISBN 0870494015 (pbk.); OCLC 9392931; LC Call Number E98 .P76 D6. Citations: 167. Studies the “major dynamics of population trends” and examines, in depth, the Timucuan chiefdoms of Florida. Concludes that “there can be little doubt that the most lethal of all smallpox pandemics, the very first on the continent, swept through all of the most densely populated portions of the Americas.” Claims that prior to contact there were eighteen million Indians north of the Rio Grande. Am Ant 50: 198-99; AHR 89: 1380; BHM 59: 125-26; Choice 21: 1169; FHQ 63: 212-215; GHQ 68: 602-605; IMH 80: 296-97; JAEH 5: 115-16; JAH 71: 374; PHR 53: 219-20; WMQ 41: 649-53. 149 Edmunds, R. David. The Shawnee Prophet. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983. xii, 260 pp. ISBN 0803218508; OCLC 9112321; LC Call Number E99 .S35 T463. Citations: 32. Argues that Tecumseh’s brother, the prophet Tenskwatawa, was the “catalyst for the Indian movement sweeping through the Old Northwest.” Notes that Tecumseh used “the religious movement of his brother as the basis for his attempts to forge a political and military confederacy among the western tribes,” especially prior to 1810. AHR 89: 848; Choice 21: 496; IMH 81: 170-71; JAH 72: 399-400; OH 93: 19597; PHR 54: 83; WMQ 41: 526-28. 150 Edmunds, R. David. Tecumseh and the Quest for Indian Leadership. Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, 1984. viii, 246 pp. ISBN 0316211699 (pbk.); OCLC 9946361; LC Call Number E99 .S35 T136. Citations: 19. Outlines the careers of Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa, contending that only “after the Treaty of Fort Wayne did Tecumseh emerge as the dominant

40 Books on Early American History and Culture leader, and even then he based his political confederacy upon his brother’s religious movement.” AHR 94: 1464-65; Choice 22: 180; IMH 81: 284-87; JAH 72: 399-400; NYT Bk Rev (16 Sept 84): 22; OH 94: 97-98; PHR 54: 213-14. 151 Fitzhugh, William W., ed. Culture in Contact: The Impact of European Contacts on Native Cultural Institutions in Eastern North America, A.D. 10001800. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1985. vi, 320 pp. ISBN 0874744385; OCLC 12582968; LC Call Number E98 .C89 C84. Citations: 79. Includes essays on early contacts and their socio-cultural consequences in Newfoundland, Greenland, Rhode Island, the New England frontier, New York, the Chesapeake, the upper South, Florida, and the Caribbean. Am Ant 52: 880-81; Choice 24: 174; GHQ 71: 493-95. 152 Flores, Dan L., ed. Journal of an Indian Trader: Anthony Glass and the Texas Trading Frontier, 1790-1810. College Station: Texas A & M University Press, 1985. xviii, 158 pp. ISBN 0890962459; OCLC 12108082; LC Call Number F389 .G52 A33. Citations: 18. Publishes the journal of Glass, which recounts his 1808-1809 journey among the Comache and Wichita Indians of Texas. Discusses the plants, animals, and topography of the region as well as native cultures there. Choice 23: 1269-70; JER 6: 205-206; PHR 56: 305-306. 153 Foster, Michael K., Jack Campisi, and Marianne Mithun, eds. Extending the Rafters: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Iroquoian Studies. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press for the Center for the History of the American Indian of the Newberry Library, 1984. xvi, 422 pp. ISBN 0873957806 (hbk.); ISBN 0873957814 (pbk.); OCLC 9646457; LC Call Number E99 .I69 E97. Citations: 53. Contains essays from 22 scholars as a festschrift for William N. Fenton. Discusses Fenton’s influence on Iroquois studies, Iroquoisan historiography, the use of archaeological data, relations among the Iroquois and New England tribes, European efforts at Christianization, the role and status of Iroquois women, Iroquois government, the Six Nations Confederacy, the prehistory of the Iroquois, and their languages and rituals. NYH 66: 453-56; PHR 55: 305-306; Penn Hist 52: 273-74; WMQ 42: 410-413. 154 Galloway, Patricia, ed. Mississippi Provincial Archives. Vol. 4: French Dominion, 1729-1763. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1984. xi, 319 pp. ISBN 080711068X; OCLC 12049917; LC Call Number F336 .M58. Citations: 0. Includes documents on the Choctaw covering their alliances and wars with the Natchez and Chickasaw and their role in colonial struggles between the English and French. NCHR 62: 95-96.

Native Americans 41 155 Gibbon, Guy E., ed. Oneota Studies. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Publications in Anthropology, 1982. vii, 122 pp. ISBN 0911599002 (pbk.); LC Call Number E99.O5 O54. Citations: 3. Papers study Oneota cultures of Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Illinois between 1000 and 1650. Papers cover language, dating of material remains, settlement patterns, and economics. Am Ant 49: 667-68. 156 Grant, John Webster. Moon of Wintertime: Missionaries and the Indians of Canada in Encounter Since 1534. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1984. viii, 315 pp. ISBN 0802056431 (hbk.); ISBN 0802065414 (pbk.); OCLC 11025390; LC Call Number E78 .C2 G84. Citations: 49. Studies Christian missionary efforts to convert Canadian Indians, especially the work of the Jesuits. Contends that natives were receptive to Christianity, but that conversion attempts were mitigated by “a disparity in power between the senders and receivers of the message.” Choice 22: 610; CHR 66: 267-68. 157 Hirschfelder, Arlene B., Mary Gloyne Byler, and Michael A. Dorris. Guide to Research on North American Indians. Chicago, Ill.: American Library Association, 1983. xi, 330 pp. ISBN 0838903533; OCLC 9084019; LC Call Number Z1209.2 .N67 H57; LC Call Number E77 .N57. Citations: 3. Selects 1,100 English-language works on U.S. Indian history, including books, articles, and documents on history, art, religion, and law. Seeks “to serve as a basic guide to the literature for general readers, students, and scholars.” Choice 21: 1112. 158 Hu-DeHart, Evelyn. Missionaries, Miners, and Indians: Spanish Contact with the Yaqui Nation of Northwestern New Spain, 1533-1820. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1981. viii, 152 pp. ISBN 0816507406 (hbk.); ISBN 0816507554 (pbk.); OCLC 7772749; LC Call Number F1221 .Y3 H82. Citations: 41. Looks at documents left by Jesuit missionaries in order to determine the effects of Spanish contact on the Yaqui. Discusses the establishment of missions in northwestern New Spain, late seventeenth-century mineral discoveries in the Sierras and the resulting labor demands, the Yaqui Revolt of 1740, and Yaqui migration between the mines and their agricultural lands. Argues that the Yaqui were remarkably resilient in maintaining their culture. AHR 87: 1503; BHR 57: 142-43; Choice 19: 1315. 159 Jennings, Francis. The Ambiguous Iroquois Empire: The Covenant Chain Confederation of Indian Tribes with English Colonies From its Beginnings to the Lancaster Treaty of 1744. New York: W.W. Norton, 1984. xxvi, 438 pp. ISBN 0393017192 (hbk.); ISBN 0393303020 (pbk.); OCLC 36923909; LC Call Number E93. Citations: 93. Examines Iroquois ascendancy and diplomacy between 1628 and 1744. Argues that “Indian cooperation was the prime requisite for European penetration and colonization of the North American continent.” Commends the Iroquois’

42 Books on Early American History and Culture “remarkable political and diplomatic skills” deployed in defense of their lands against European “invaders.” Concludes that Iroquois influence over other tribes resulted from “diplomacy rather than conquest.” AHR 90:211; CHR 67: 401-402; Choice 22: 180, 182; JAH 71: 853-54; JAS 19: 312-13; NEQ 58: 292; NYH 65: 310-311; NYT Bk Rev (11 March 84): 6; PHR 55: 111-12; Penn Hist 52: 119-20; PMHB 109: 84-85; WMQ 42: 123-26. 160 Jennings, Francis, ed. The History and Culture of Iroquois Diplomacy: An Interdisciplinary Guide to the Treaties of the Six Nations and Their League. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press for the D’Arcy McNickle Center for the History of the American Indian, 1985. xviii, 278 pp. ISBN 0815622716; OCLC 11187575; LC Call Number E99 .I7 H63. Citations: 54. Collects essays on Iroquois politics, rituals, treaties and alliances, the Covenant Chain, settlements in Canada, Iroquois political rhetoric, and the 1645 treaty between the Mohawks and the French. Also includes reference materials, such as a place name index, biographies, and a bibliography. CHR 66: 585-86; Choice 22: 1561; NYH 66: 452-53; PHR 55: 613-15; Penn Hist 53: 234-35; WMQ 42: 539-40. 161 Jett, Stephen C. and Virginia E. Spencer. Navajo Architecture: Forms, History, Distributions. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1981. xx, 289 pp. ISBN 0816506884 (hbk); ISBN 0816507236 (pbk.); OCLC 7170131; LC Call Number E99 .N3 J39. Citations: 16. Studies Navajo architectural forms in Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. Considers themes of ethnicity, acculturation, and cultural change, as shown in dwelling types. Am Ant 47: 250. 162 Johnson, Kenneth W., Jonathan M. Leader, and Robert C. Wilson, eds. Indians, Colonists, and Slaves: Essays in Memory of Charles H. Fairbanks. Gainesville: Florida Anthropology Students Association, 1985. viii, 252 pp. OCLC 13957541; LC Call Number F313 .I52. Citations: 0. Collected essays review Fairbanks’ career, ritual concepts and symbols at the Cemochechobee site in southwest Georgia, prehistoric lithic technologies and dating, the Swift Creel component at the Kings Bay site in Georgia, the construction of shelter on the Fort Walton Temple Mound, the Ximenez-Fatio house in St. Augustine, European artifacts recovered from the Weeki Wachee and Ruth Smith mounds on the Florida Gulf Coast, excavations at a Seminole village, past work on Spanish missions San Pedro y San Pablo de Patale and San Luis de Talimali, work on the Kingsley plantation, slavery in Islam, and the treatment and abandonment of historic sites. Am Ant 53: 217; FHQ 65: 484-86. 163 Johnson, Patricia Givens. The New River Early Settlement. Pulaski, Va.: Edmonds Printing, 1983. v, 232 pp. OCLC 9706594; LC Call Number F247.N5 J63. Citations: 1. Examines the geography of the New River, including the Teays Valley, the archaeology of the area, Indian inhabitants in the region, European exploration

Native Americans 43 and settlement, the Treaty of Lancaster (1744), land grants, Moravian and Dunkard settlements, the struggle between the English and French, and Pontiac’s war. FCHQ 59: 77-79. 164 Jones, Dorothy V. License for Empire: Colonialism by Treaty in Early America. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, 1982. xiv, 256 pp. ISBN 0226407071; OCLC 7978073; LC Call Number E93 .J63. Citations: 40. Discusses legal and diplomatic foundations of the Indian-white relationship. Covers the period from 1763 to 1796, arguing that this era initiated movement “from an accommodation system to a colonial system in which Indian nations had little to say in their own destiny.” Notes that European rivalries and the economics of trade influenced the development of white and Native American diplomacy. Argues that “the Indians had lost their freedom of maneuver and thus their negotiating leverage” and that power disparity “could not help but skew the treaty relationship into one so unequal that it can only be called colonial.” AHR 88: 747; Choice 20: 758; JAEH 5: 97-98; JAH 70: 138; JAS 18: 155-56; JSH 49: 441-42; PHR 52: 442; WMQ 40: 483-86. 165 Kelsay, Isabel Thompson. Joseph Brant, 1743-1807: Man of Two Worlds. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1984. xii, 775 pp. ISBN 0815601824; OCLC 9413344; LC Call Number E99 .I7 B784. Citations: 33. Offers a biography of Brant, an Iroquois Mohawk leader during the Revolutionary and early national periods. Discusses his family relationships, political career, advocacy of Indian nationalism, conversion to Christianity, and business activities. AHR 90: 212; CHR 66: 105-108; Choice 22: 182; JAH 71: 611-12; LJ 109 (15 Feb 84): 370; NYH 66: 333-35; NYT Bk Rev (13 May 84): 7; OH 94: 100-101; PHR 54: 212-13; WMQ 42: 415-17. 166 Kent, Barry C. Susquehanna’s Indians. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1984. xii, 438 pp. ISBN 0892710241; OCLC 11230289; LC Call Number E99 .S9 K36. Citations: 13. Studies Indians of the Susquehanna valley, from the fifteenth through the eighteenth centuries. Examines native culture and trade. Am Ant 51: 429-30; NYH 66: 459-61; Penn Hist 52: 274-76. 167 King, J.C.H. Artificial Curiosities from the Northwest Coast of America: Native American Artifacts in the British Museum Collected on the Third Voyage of Captain James Cook and Acquired Through Sir Joseph Banks. London: British Museum Publications, 1981. 119 pp. ISBN 0714115622; OCLC 9111283; LC Call Number E78.N78. Citations: 3. Studies the British Museum’s collection of eighteenth-century Northwest Coast artifacts, particularly items collected from the voyages of Cook, Vancouver, and others. Notes that the artifacts “provide a bridge between archaeology and ethnography” which “is able to fill in the early accounts of aboriginal life and later collections of myths with another dimension, that of material culture.”

44 Books on Early American History and Culture CHR 63: 249-51. 168 Krech, Shepard, ed. Indians, Animals, and the Fur Trade: A Critique of Keepers of the Game. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1981. v, 207 pp. ISBN 0820305634; OCLC 7283836; LC Call Number E78 .C2 M3334. Citations: 55. Presents anthropologists’ critiques of Calvin Martin’s award-winning book and Martin’s response to these criticisms. Articles generally argue that natives were motivated by materialism, not ideology. CHR 64: 67-68; JAH 69: 415-16; NYH 64: 85-87; WMQ 40: 461-63. 169 Krech, Shepard, ed. The Subarctic Fur Trade: Native Social and Economic Adaptations. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1984. xix, 194 pp. ISBN 0774801867; OCLC 11143556; LC Call Number HD9944 .C23 N677. Citations: 40. Collects essays originally presented at a 1981 American Society for Ethnohistory meeting. Articles consider native dependency on the Hudson’s Bay Company, the impact of the fur trade on native culture, the natives of western James Bay, the adaptive strategies of the Cree, Athapaska and Jarvenpa, and the extent of the trade. BHR 60: 151-53; CHR 66: 586-87; Choice 22: 738; WMQ 42: 409-410. 170 McLoughlin, William G. Cherokees and Missionaries, 1789-1839. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1984. xiii, 375 pp. ISBN 0300030754; OCLC 9682857; LC Call Number E99 .C5 M39. Citations: 50. Studies interactions among missionaries, Cherokees, and the government and explores “the changing sense of personal identity, the redefinition of what it meant to be a good Cherokee.” Notes that “It is difficult to say, in the end, who was more frustrated by their long and difficult relationship, the Cherokees or the missionaries,” as “neither got out of it what they expected.” AHR 89: 1390; Choice 21: 1666-67; CH 54: 416-17; GHQ 68: 417-19; JAH 71: 387-88; JSH 51: 281-83; NCHR 62: 243-44; PHR 54: 523-24; WMQ 41: 672-75. 171 Morrison, Kenneth M. The Embattled Northeast: The Elusive Ideal of Alliance in Abenaki-Euramerican Relations. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. x, 256 pp. ISBN 0520051262; OCLC 10072696; LC Call Number E99 .A13 M67. Citations: 31. Tells the story of the Abenaki search for “constructive association” with each of the European groups they came in contact with. Argues that English abuses drove the Abenaki to the relative protection of French Catholicism. AHR 90: 1001; CHR 67: 92-94; JAH 72: 388-89; WMQ 44: 383-86. 172 Neitzel, Robert S. The Grand Village of the Natchez Revisited: Excavations at the Fatherland Site, Adams County, Mississippi, 1972: Archaeological Report No. 12. Jackson: Mississippi Department of Archives and History, 1983. 183 pp. OCLC 10598805; LC Call Number E99 .N2 N43. Citations: 6.

Native Americans 45 Reports on excavations of the Fatherland Site in 1972-73, significant as a ceremonial center for the Natchez Indians. Describes the site’s physiography, excavation methods, pottery and other artifacts ranging from AD 1200 to about 1730. Discusses houses and mounds and speculates on the Natchez social hierarchy. J Miss Hist 45: 317-20. 173 Neuman, Robert W. An Introduction to Louisiana Archaeology. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1984. xvi, 366 pp. ISBN 0807111473; OCLC 10021922; LC Call Number E78.L8 N483. Citations: 13. Describes major Louisiana excavations, summarizing findings from the PaleoIndian era through the Contact period. Includes information on Poverty Point, Troyville, Greenhouse, Marksville, Crooks, Medora, Bayou Goula, Avery Island, John Pearce, Little Woods, Big Oak Island, Gagahan, Mounds Plantation, Belcher, Bison, Hanna, and other sites. Am Ant 51: 872-73; LH 26: 423-25. 174 Olexer, Barbara. The Enslavement of the American Indian. Monroe, N.Y.: Library Research Associates, 1982. vii, 270 pp. ISBN 0912526068; OCLC 8866739; LC Call Number E93 .O43. Citations: 1. Discusses Indian slavery from European contact through the mid-eighteenth century, focusing on the New England coast, French Canada, and the southeastern coast and Louisiana. Choice 20: 1196. 175 Peterson, Jacqueline and Jennifer S.H. Brown, eds. The New Peoples: Being and Becoming Métis in North America. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1985. xvi, 266 pp. ISBN 0803236735; OCLC 12557203; LC Call Number E99 .M693 N48. Citations: 80. Includes papers from a conference on the Métis. Articles cover historiography, the origins and use of the term “Métis,” intermarriage, the development of Métis identity, community-building in the Great Lakes basin, migration to Montana and Alberta, the fur trade, development of status divisions among the Métis, and French influence on hunting practices. CHR 68: 305-306; JAH 73: 726; PHR 56: 446-48. 176 Pethick, Derek. The Nootka Connection: Europe and the Northwest Coast, 1790-1796. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1981. 288 pp. ISBN 0888942796; OCLC 7198872; LC Call Number F1089 .N8 P47. Citations: 11. Reviews European voyages to the northwest coast of North America in the late eighteenth century. Identifies ships and gives brief accounts of their activities. CHR 64: 72-73; PHR 51: 319-20. 177 Reeves, Carolyn Keller, ed. The Choctaw Before Removal. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1985. xvi, 243 pp. ISBN 0878052445; OCLC 10912670; LC Call Number E99 .C8 C455. Citations: 10.

46 Books on Early American History and Culture Presents eight essays on the Choctaw’s first contact with Europeans in 1540 through removal in 1830. Articles cover tribal origins, language, subsistence, education, economics, politics, factionalism, and their relationship with whites. Choice 23: 507; FHQ 65: 379-80; GHQ 70: 142-44; JER 6: 79-80; JSH 52: 44546. 178 Riley, Carroll L. The Frontier People: The Greater Southwest in the Prehistoric Period. Carbondale: Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, 1982. xi, 182 pp. ISBN 0881040002 (pbk.); OCLC 8785862; LC Call Number E78 .S7 R48. Citations: 29. Studies the area bounded by Colorado, southern Chihuahua, Texas, and the Pacific Ocean, referring to the six provinces as the Serrana, the Desert, the Colorado, the Little Colorado, the Rio Grande, and Pecos. Examines each region’s geography, languages, populations, settlement patterns, trade, social organization, and religion. Uses early Spanish records and archaeological data. Am Ant 48: 658-59. 179 Ronda, James P. Lewis and Clark among the Indians. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1985. xvii, 310 pp. ISBN 0803238703; OCLC 10457420; LC Call Number F592.7 .R66. Citations: 54. Attempts “exploration ethnohistory, a deliberate effort to probe the complexity of Indian-white encounters in North America by examining a memorable venture that has come to represent the westward movement.” Notes that the expedition’s objectives were “proclaiming United States sovereignty, establishing intertribal peace, and promoting trade with American merchants,” and that to accomplish these goals, leaders sought to display “as forcefully as possible the military prowess and technological strength of the new republic.” Choice 22: 1564; JAH 72: 398; JAS 22: 152-53; PHR 56: 114-15; WMQ 43: 157-58. 180 Rosenstiel, Annette. Red and White: Indian Views of the White Man, 14921982. New York: Universe Books, 1983. 192 pp. ISBN 0876633734 (hbk.); ISBN 0876635664 (pbk.); OCLC 9082997; LC Call Number E77 .R4. Citations: 8. Presents 100 Indian descriptions of whites connected by introductions. Covers historiography of early native slavery, hostage-taking, and efforts to “civilize” Indians. NYH 67: 107-109. 181 Salisbury, Neal. Manitou and Providence: Indians, Europeans, and the Making of New England, 1500-1643. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982. xiii, 316 pp. ISBN 0195030257; OCLC 7671306; LC Call Number E78 .N5 S24. Citations: 103. Emphasizes ethnic diversity of Native Americans in early New England. Studies the Abenakis, Micmacs, the Massachusetts, Narragansetts, Algonquins, and Pequots, noting their populations, trade, contact with Europeans, disease, leadership, and eventual control by English settlers.

Native Americans 47 AHR 88: 746; Choice 20: 339; JAEH 4: 120-21; JAH 69: 678-79; PHR 52: 217; WMQ 40: 309-312. 182 Sugden, John. Tecumseh’s Last Stand. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1985. xiii, 298 pp. ISBN 0806119446; OCLC 12163188; LC Call Number E356 .T3 S84. Citations: 13. Describes the final two months of Tecumseh’s life, including the battle at Putin-Bay, the British withdrawal from Detroit, the movement up the Thames, and the battle of Moraviantown. Notes that, prior to his final battle, Tecumeh separated from the main British army and accompanied British Indian agent Matthew Elliott before rejoining Indian forces on October 4, when he was wounded in a skirmish with an American contingent at McGregor’s Creek. Explains that his body was mutilated and then buried near the battlefield. AHR 91: 986; Choice 23: 1272; CHR 67: 620-21; CHR 73: 255-57; IMH 82: 380-81; JER 6: 73-74; PHR 55: 616-17. 183 Sword, Wiley. President Washington’s Indian War: The Struggle for the Old Northwest, 1790-1795. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1985. xv, 400 pp. ISBN 0806118644; OCLC 12215505; LC Call Number E83.79 .S95. Citations: 6. Discusses the Indian wars of the late eighteenth century, including relations among the Miami, Shawnee, Lake, and Six Nations confederacy, and the efforts of Anthony Wayne and Arthur St. Clair. Concludes that the series of conflicts represented “the decisive confrontation in the Indian-United States wars.” AHR 91: 985; Choice 23: 1134; FCHQ 61: 91-94; IMH 83: 85-87; JAH 73: 185; JER 6: 73-74; OH 96: 81-82; PHR 56: 563-64. 184 Todorov, Tzvetan. The Conquest of America: The Question of the Other. Translated by Richard Howard. New York: Harper and Row, 1984. x, 274 pp. ISBN 0060151803; OCLC 9441416; LC Call Number E123 .T6313. Citations: 340. Examines the differing worldviews of the Spanish and the Aztecs, particularly concerning discovery, conquest, love, and knowledge. Choice 22: 332. 185 Trigger, Bruce G. Natives and Newcomers: Canada’s “Heroic Age” Reconsidered. Kingston, Ont.: Mc-Gill-Queen’s University Press, 1985. xiii, 430 pp. ISBN 0773505946; OCLC 12728383; LC Call Number E78 .C2 T75. Citations: 111. Studies French trader interactions with Hurons, Nippisings, and Algonquians. Presents “a historical perspective in which the activities of French traders, their employees, and native people are duly emphasized,” arguing that “the development of New France cannot be understood without taking account of the goals and aspirations of the native people.” Am Ant 53: 204-205; Choice 23: 1134; WMQ 43: 480-83. 186 Vaughan, Alden T., ed. Early American Indian Documents: Treaties and Laws, 1607-1789. Frederick, Md.: University Publications of America, 1985.

48 Books on Early American History and Culture ISBN 0890931801; OCLC 5435281; LC Call Number KF8202; LC Call Number E91 .E12. Citations: 9. Compiles treaties between Anglo-American governments and various tribes along with an introduction supplying historical context. NYH 70: 215-16; WMQ 45: 596-99. 187 Vaughan, Alden T. and Edward W. Clark, eds. Puritans Among the Indians: Accounts of Captivity and Redemption, 1676-1724. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1981. x, 275 pp. ISBN 0674739019; OCLC 6916398; LC Call Number E85 .P87. Citations: 50. Publishes eight edited captivity narratives, including those of Mary Rowlandson and John Williams. Argues that the narratives were essentially “lay sermons” in the form of adventure stories. CH 52: 381-82; Choice 19: 437; EAL 16: 292; PMHB 106: 124-26. 188 Wallace, Paul A.W. Indians in Pennsylvania. Revised by William A. Hunter. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1981. xii, 200 pp. ISBN 0892710187 (hbk); ISBN 0892710179 (pbk); OCLC 8302316; LC Call Number E78 .P4 W15. Citations: 4. Presents a revised edition of Wallace’s 1961 work. Offers “a simply written history which covers the whole story of the Indians of Pennsylvania and takes into account the findings of modern scholars.” Penn Hist 50: 50-51. 189 White, Richard. The Roots of Dependency: Subsistence, Environment, and Social Change Among the Choctaws, Pawnees, and Navajos. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983. xix, 433 pp. ISBN 0803247222; OCLC 8553053; LC Call Number E99.C8 W6. Citations: 167. Studies the impact of culture, economics, and environment on the Choctaw, Pawnee, and Navajo. Argues that natives survived white contact initially, including the impacts of liquor, disease, and warfare, but eventually became dependent people when market economics reduced their labor and land to “mere commodities to be bought and sold.” AgH 58: 196-98; AHR 90: 486-87; JAH 71: 370; J Miss Hist 45: 322-23. 190 Wilcox, David R. and W. Bruce Masse, eds. The Protohistoric Period in the North American Southwest, A.D. 1450-1700. Tempe: Anthropological Research Papers, Number 24, Arizona State University, 1981. vi, 445 pp. OCLC 8064986; LC Call Number E78.S7 P76. Citations: 46. Publishes the proceedings of a 1979 Tempe conference on the protohistoric period. Includes 14 papers covering the Sobaipuri, the Gila Pima, the Yaqui, the Opata, the southern Paiute, the Yavapai, the lower Colorado River Yumans, the western Apache, the Suma, Athapaskans, and the Hop, Zuni, and Rio Grande Pueblos. Am Ant 47: 687-88. 191 Wright, J. Leitch. The Only Land They Knew: The Tragic Story of the American Indians in the Old South. New York: Free Press, 1981. xi, 372 pp.

Native Americans 49 ISBN 002935790X; OCLC 6982151; LC Call Number E78 .S65 W74. Citations: 41. Studies interactions of Native Americans and Europeans in the colonial southeast, paying particular attention to diseases that decimated Indians, forced labor and Christianization, wars, agriculture, lifestyle, relations with Africans, diet, and folklore. Choice 19: 301; FHQ 60: 495-96; GHQ 65: 154-55; JAEH 3: 113-14; JAH 68: 636-37; J Miss Hist 44: 89-91; JSH 48: 94-95; NCHR 58: 394; OH 91: 112-13; VMHB 89: 494-95; WMQ 40: 312-14.

7 Race and Slavery

192 Berlin, Ira and Ronald Hoffman, eds. Slavery and Freedom in the Age of the American Revolution. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia for the United States Capitol Historical Society, 1983. xxvii, 314 pp. ISBN 0813909694; OCLC 8452273; LC Call Number E446 .S62. Citations: 113. Presents essays on black households and occupations in Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, developments in black society in Maryland and Virginia, plantation life in South Carolina, forced migration of blacks from the Chesapeake, slave families in the Chesapeake region and South Carolina, blacks in the evangelical movement, the Revolution as a turning point in racial relations, the effect of the Revolution on Caribbean societies, comparisons to the slave system in Britain, and long-term sense of community among blacks after the Revolution. AHR 89: 512; FHQ 63: 346-49; GHQ 68: 262-65; JAH 71: 119; JAS 19: 126-27; NCHR 61: 120-21; Penn Hist 51: 246-48; Times Lit Supp (30 Sept 83): 1066; VMHB 93: 96-97; WMQ 42: 144-46. 193 Betts, Robert B. In Search of York: The Slave Who Went to the Pacific with Lewis and Clark. Boulder: Colorado Associated University Press, 1985. x, 182 pp. ISBN 0870811444 (hbk.); ISBN 0870811495 (pbk.); OCLC 12565147; LC Call Number F592.7 .B48. Citations: 7. Examines the role of William Clark’s slave York in the Lewis and Clark expedition. Reviews various historical interpretations of York’s life. Choice 23: 917. 194 Boles, John B. Black Southerners, 1619-1869. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1983. xi, 244 pp. ISBN 0813103037; OCLC 9621875; LC Call Number E441 .B67. Citations: 35.

52 Books on Early American History and Culture Seeks “to compress as much of the history of black southerners [as possible] into relatively few pages” to make “accessible to readers the fruit of the remarkably rich scholarship on blacks that has appeared during the last two decades.” Discusses the origins of slavery, racism, loyalty among slaves, and the impact of emancipation. Makes clear that “southerner is a biracial term.” Argues that, to Virginia elites, by the 1620s “blacks occupied a distinctly inferior position.” Concludes that the institution of slavery “never became so rigid, the control so complete, as to snuff out the human creativity and ingenuity of the slaves,” like “knowing when to fawn and dissemble and when to protest; knowing how to get by guile what they had to have and how to avoid punishment.” Notes that “In ways we are just beginning to understand, slaves carved out areas of self-control, seized and multiplied their limited opportunities, and resisted becoming simply human property.” Choice 21: 876; FCHQ 59: 79-80; FHQ 62: 511-13; GHQ 68: 74-76; History 69: 484; JAH 72: 141-42; Nation 238: 326; NCHR 61: 403-404; VMHB 93: 9394. 195 Bullard, Mary R. Black Liberation on Cumberland Island in 1815. DeLeon Springs, Ga.: E.O. Painter Printing, 1983. ix, 141 pp. OCLC 10696912; LC Call Number F292.C94. Citations: 1. Describes British occupation of Cumberland Island (January to March 1815), where they relocated slaves from the southeastern coast during the War of 1812. Notes that many of the residents never returned to slavery, and that this episode resulted in legislation affecting the legal status of freedmen in Georgia. FHQ 63: 349-50; GHQ 68: 134. 196 Cardoso, Gerald. Negro Slavery in the Sugar Plantations of Veracruz and Pernambuco, 1550-1680: A Comparative Study. xi, 211 pp. ISBN 0819129267 (hbk); ISBN 0819129275 (pbk.); OCLC 9042790; LC Call Number HT1129.P47 C37. Citations: 7. Examines slavery on coastal sugar-producing provinces in northeastern Brazil and the gulf coast of Mexico. Focuses on the slave trade, labor conditions, life on the plantations, and slave resistance. Concludes that slavery was essentially the same in both places. AgH 58: 184-85; AHR 89: 560; Choice 21: 177. 197 Cassity, Michael J. Legacy of Fear: American Race Relations to 1900. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1985. xxxiv, 248 pp. ISBN 0313245533; OCLC 10722914; LC Call Number E185 .C374. Citations: 6. Examines race relations as the sum of “material social environment and the particular traditions and legacies of the past which together inform and restrict the behavior of individuals.” Views slavery “not as an economic system, but as a system of authority—social, economic, racial, political, and cultural,” and emphasizes that “The complexities and the inherent contradiction of human bondage remained and had to be managed, by blacks and whites, on a day-today basis.” GHQ 69: 411-13.

Race and Slavery 53 198 Coughtry, Jay. The Notorious Triangle: Rhode Island and the African Slave Trade, 1700-1807. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1981. xiii, 361 pp. ISBN 0877222185; OCLC 7306765; LC Call Number E445 .R4 C68. Citations: 28. Finds that, during the eighteenth century, Rhode Island was the only colony and state that had a significant and regular slave trade; therefore, “the Rhode Island slave trade and the American slave trade are virtually synonymous.” AHR 89: 841; Choice 19: 679; GHQ 66: 385-86; LJ 106: 2135; WMQ 41: 66264. 199 Cox, Edward L. Free Coloreds in the Slave Societies of St. Kitts and Grenada, 1763-1833. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1984. xiii, 197 pp. ISBN 0870494147; OCLC 9762527; LC Call Number HT1105 .G84 C69. Citations: 18. Compares free colored populations in two Caribbean sugar colonies, focusing on demographic, economic, and political factors. AHR 90: 794; Choice 22: 331-32; GHQ 68: 607-609. 200 Craton, Michael. Testing the Chains: Resistance to Slavery in the British West Indies. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1982. 389 pp. ISBN 0801412528; OCLC 8765752; LC Call Number HT1091 .C72. Citations: 90. Examines West Indies slave rebellions, noting four distinct types: Maroon wars, African-led revolts, those within the context of Atlantic revolutions, and early nineteenth-century class movement rebellions. AHR 89: 561; Choice 20: 1519; History 69: 505; JAH 71: 107-108; J Soc Hist 18: 149; Times Lit Supp (23 Dec 83): 1425; WMQ 40: 624-26. 201 Davis, Charles T. and Henry Louis Gates, Jr., eds. The Slave’s Narrative. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. xxxiv, 342 pp. ISBN 0195032764 (hbk.); ISBN 0195032772 (pbk.); OCLC 9324917; LC Call Number E444 .S575. Citations: 156. Analyzes ex-slave autobiographical narratives from 1750 to the twentieth century. Provides background on the narratives as historical sources and offers a bibliography. FHQ 64: 454-55. 202 Davis, David Brion. Slavery and Human Progress. New York: Oxford University Press, 1984. xix, 374 pp. ISBN 0195034392; OCLC 10298872; LC Call Number HT861 .D38. Citations: 154. Seeks to explain “the linkage between slavery and conceptions of human progress.” Argues that, after 1770, there developed “a conceptual differentiation between what can only be termed a ‘slave world’ abberation and the ‘free world’ norm.” Finds that, prior to the late eighteenth century, slavery was viewed as economically indispensable and even “progressive.” AHR 90: 650; Atlantic 254: 141; Choice 22: 728; JAH 72: 116-17; JAS 19: 45051; LJ 109 (1 Oct 84): 1847; Nation 239 (17 Nov 84): 519; Natl Rev 37: 49; NY Rev Bks 31: (17 Jan 85): 26; New Republic 191 (26 Nov 84): 36; NYT Bk Rev (3

54 Books on Early American History and Culture Feb 85): 26; Times Lit Supp (1 Feb 85): 123; VMHB 93: 460-62; WMQ 42: 25963. 203 Davis, Thomas J. A. Rumor of Revolt: The “Great Negro Plot” in Colonial New York. New York: The Free Press, 1985. xv, 320 pp. ISBN 0029077400; OCLC 11677713; LC Call Number F128.4 .D265. Citations: 19. Discusses the “New York Conspiracy” of 1741, especially its religious, cultural, and judicial aspects. Concludes “that conspiracy was, in fact, rife in 1741—in the talk, thoughts, and actions of some of the accused.” AHR 91: 459; Choice 23: 788; JAH 73: 179-80; LJ 110 (15 June 85): 60; NYH 67: 239-40; PMHB 110: 570-72; WMQ 43: 315-16. 204 Edwards, Paul and James Walvin, eds. Black Personalities in the Era of the Slave Trade. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1983. xi, 253 pp. ISBN 0807110531; OCLC 9584230; LC Call Number DA125 .N4 E38. Citations: 18. Finds that black servants in the Caribbean represented “the personification of the masters’ wealth, and a living reflection of their power.” Concludes that “it cannot be ignored that the public sentiment for black freedom became stronger and more widespread at the very time the black community became less and less noticeable.” GHQ 68: 262-65. 205 Eltis, David and James Walvin, eds. The Abolition of the Atlantic Slave Trade: Origins and Effects in Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Proceedings of a Conference Held Oct. 16-19, 1978 at Aarhus University, Denmark. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1981. xiii, 314 pp. ISBN 0299084906; OCLC 7551269; LC Call Number HT855 .A26. Citations: 62. Collects 15 essays from a 1978 Aarhus University symposium. Articles cover European and African abolition, the illegal slave trade, American demographic and cultural responses to slave trade abolition, and the slave trade’s effect on the development of African culture. Choice 19: 972; FHQ 62: 91-93. 206 Foner, Philip S. History of Black Americans: From the Emergence of the Cotton Kingdom to the Eve of the Compromise of 1850. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1983. viii, 656 pp. ISBN 0837175281; OCLC 23606264; LC Call Number El85 .F5915. Citations: 17. Explores slavery, free blacks, and abolitionism prior to 1850. Characterizes slavery as a business, sees slavery as incompatible with urban environments, and views abolitionism as “one of the most profound revolutionary movements in world history.” Choice 21: 496; FCHQ 58: 362-64; GHQ 69: 103-104; JAEH 5: 110-11; JAH 70: 877-78; JAS 18: 466-67; LJ 108 (15 April 83): 821; NCHR 61: 121-22. 207 Gaspar, David Barry. Bondmen & Rebels: A Study of Master-Slave Relations in Antigua with Implications for Colonial British America. Baltimore,

Race and Slavery 55 Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985. xx, 338 pp. ISBN 0801824222; OCLC 11814735; LC Call Number HT1105 .A6. Citations: 42. Examines slave society and relationships among masters and servants in eighteenth-century Antigua. Compares the economic, legal, and social development of slavery to similar societies in other Caribbean islands and North America. Choice 23: 1126; JAH 73: 178; WMQ 44: 133-34. 208 Glasrud, Bruce A. and Alan M. Smith, eds. Race Relations in British North America, 1607-1783. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1982. xii, 355 pp. ISBN 0882293885; OCLC 7976701; LC Call Number E184 .Al. Citations: 10. Essays seek to illustrate the development of “significant patterns of racial interaction.” Articles cover the Iroquois, southern Indian agriculture, Indian converts in Massachusetts, legal origins of the reservation system in New England, Indian slavery in South Carolina, the status of blacks in Massachusetts, Virginia and Georgia, African emigration to Virginia, legal recognition of slavery in Maryland, unrest among Virginia slaves, the 1741 New York slave revolt, Indian wars of 1675/76, Delaware Indians in the mid-eighteenth century, Indian recruitment in the Revolution, and the black experience in the Revolution. Choice 19: 1630; GHQ 67: 382-83; JAEH 5: 98-100. 209 Higman, B.W. Slave Populations of the British Caribbean, 1807-1834. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984. xxxiii, 781 pp. ISBN 0801830362; OCLC 10072910; LC Call Number HT1091 .H5. Citations: 115. Seeks “to provide the necessary demographic framework for comparative analysis,” covering all 20 Caribbean British colonies. Uses data for “entire populations rather than sample plantations or regions” in order “to establish what was typical of the slave populations after 1807 and also to establish the limits of the possible.” Contends that the institution of slavery was shaped more by material circumstances than by ideology. AHR 90: 795; Choice 22: 606-607; JAH 72: 401; JSH 51: 438-39. 210 Hill, Daniel G. The Freedom Seekers: Blacks in Early Canada. Toronto: Book Society of Canada, 1981. x, 242 pp. ISBN 0772552835 (hbk.); ISBN 0772552843 (pbk.); LC Call Number F1035 .N4 H64. Citations: 12. Focuses on blacks in Upper Canada through 1870. CHR 63: 571. 211 Horsman, Reginald. Race and Manifest Destiny: The Origins of American Racial Anglo-Saxonism. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981. xi, 367 pp. ISBN 0674745728; OCLC 7459795; LC Call Number E179.5 .H69. Citations: 265. Finds that racism was a significant part of American ideology prior to Linneaeus’ human, “scientific” categories. Traces the development of the concept in relation to material changes in society. Notes that crises, notably the controversy over slavery’s expansion (1830-50) solidified the Anglo-Saxon view.

56 Books on Early American History and Culture IMH 79: 274-75; JAH 69: 123-24; JSH 49: 108-109; WMQ 40: 487-90. 212 Joyner, Charles. Down by the Riverside: A South Carolina Slave Community. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1984. xii, 345 pp. ISBN 0252010582; OCLC 9644946; LC Call Number F279.A43J69. Citations: 70. Explores “the interaction of culture with environments and economics,” especially “the transformation of diverse African cultures into an AfroAmerican culture.” Seeks to reconstruct life in All Saints Parish, Georgetown District, in the South Carolina backcountry, “to recreate the emotional texture of slave life” and “to examine the process of culture change in a slave community.” JAS 19: 439-40; JSH 51: 439-40. 213 Littlefield, Daniel C. Rice and Slaves: Ethnicity and the Slave Trade in Colonial South Carolina. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1981. xii, 199 pp. ISBN 0807107948; OCLC 6943038; LC Call Number E445 .S7 L57. Citations: 68. Studies colonists’ preferences for various African groups to be slaves, Africans’ previous experiences with rice cultivation, and their skills and character. Concludes that “Englishmen had everything to learn and Africans much to teach,” but that Europeans were generally more knowledgable about Africans than is commonly believed. AgH 56: 465-66; AHR 89: 195; FHQ 61: 353-54; GHQ 66: 73-75; JAH 69: 428; JAS 16: 304-305; JSH 48: 274-76; LH 24: 321-22; WMQ 39: 709-712. 214 Minchinton, Walter, Celia King, and Peter Waite, eds. Virginia SlaveTrade Statistics, 1698-1775. Richmond: Virginia State Library, 1984. xvi, 218 pp. OCLC 10799029; LC Call Number E445 .V8 M56. Citations: 16. Gleans statistical information on the slave trade from manuscripts in the Public Record Office, London. Lists slave vessels entering Virginia, noting the size of the ship, date of arrival, captain, number of slaves aboard and where they were from, and the port of entry. JSH 51: 481; NCHR 62: 492-93; VMHB 94: 222-23; WMQ 42: 537-38. 215 Newman, Richard. Lemuel Haynes: A Bio-Bibliography. New York: Lambeth Press, 1984. xviii, 138 pp. ISBN 0931186048; OCLC 10208458; LC Call Number Z8393.15 .N48; LC Call Number BX7260 .H315. Citations: 8. Offers a biographical sketch of Haynes, a 90-entry primary bibliography (including manuscript locations), a 161-entry secondary bibliography, and a subject index. Characterizes Haynes as “the most significant black man in America prior to the emergence of Frederick Douglass.” CH 54: 419-20; Choice 21: 1591; HJM 19: 207. 216 Oakes, James. The Ruling Race: A History of American Slaveholders. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982. xix, 307 pp. ISBN 0394521633; OCLC 7976019; LC Call Number E441 .O18. Citations: 144. Calls the system of bondage “the ideological legacy of a feudal political system with no fully developed market economy.” Notes that the typical slaveholder was “the middle-aged white farmer with perhaps a handful of slaves.”

Race and Slavery 57 AHR 88: 1066; FCHQ 57: 327-29; GHQ 67: 117-19; JAH 69: 691-92; JSH 48: 559-61; VMHB 91: 372-74. 217 O’Donnell, James Howlett. Southeastern Frontiers: Europeans, Africans, and American Indians, 1513-1840, A Critical Bibliography. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982. xvi, 118 pp. ISBN 025335398X (pbk.); OCLC 7975987; LC Call Number Z1209.2 .U52; LC Call Number E78 .S65 S666. Citations: 2. Describes relations among southeastern natives, the Spanish, English, French, and Africans. Cites 337 sources covering, primarily, racism and cultural interaction. FHQ 62: 107-109; GHQ 66: 598; JAEH 3: 111-13; JSH 48: 617. 218 Palmer, Colin. Human Cargoes: The British Slave Trade to Spanish America, 1700-1739. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1981. xv, 183 pp. ISBN 0252008464; OCLC 7459737; LC Call Number HT1161 .P34. Citations: 31. Surveys the British role in the transport of slaves to Spain’s American colonies. Discusses the Asiento, the Middle Passage, slave distribution, and the demography and economics of the slave trade, particularly the role of the South Sea Company. Choice 19: 802; JSH 48: 270-71. 219 Rawley, James A. The Transatlantic Slave Trade: A History. New York: W.W. Norton, 1981. xiv, 452 pp. ISBN 0393014711; OCLC 7329401; LC Call Number HT985 .R38. Citations: 80. Offers a “general history of the transatlantic slave trade,” including that of Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, France, Britain, and the Americas. Choice 19: 1118; FHQ 61: 339-41; JSH 48: 579-81; VMHB 91: 110-111. 220 Saunders, Gail. Bahamian Loyalists and Their Slaves. London: Macmillan, 1983. xii, 81 pp. ISBN 0333358317 (pbk.); OCLC 10285297; LC Call Number E277 .S38. Citations: 4. Discusses the Loyalist evacuation to the Bahamas, their plantation settlements, economic, social, and political influences on them, and their efforts to establish rigid racial and social barriers between themselves and their slaves. FHQ 63: 344-46. 221 Singleton, Theresa A., ed. The Archaeology of Slavery and Plantation Life. Orlando, Fla.: Academic Press, 1985. xvii, 338 pp. ISBN 0126464804; OCLC 11468297; LC Call Number E441 .A73. Citations: 80. Essays describe plantation sites in Georgia, South Carolina, Mississippi, and the British West Indies dating from the seventeenth through the nineteenth centuries. Examines excavated artifacts that shed light on slave health and nutrition, acculturation, architecture, clothing, and farming. Am Ant 53: 195-96; FHQ 65: 486-87; GHQ 70: 339-40; JAH 73: 753-54; JSH 53: 474-77.

58 Books on Early American History and Culture 222 Smith, Julia Floyd. Slavery and Rice Culture in Low Country Georgia, 1750-1860. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1985. xiv, 266 pp. ISBN 0870494627; OCLC 11519347; LC Call Number E445 .G3 S65. Citations: 23. Claims that “rice slaves” were relatively isolated and therefore retained their cultural identities more readily than cotton, tobacco, or sugar slaves. Looks at county records, finding that “the rice planter was a son, son-in-law, or relative of an established planter.” Discusses development of rice production and slavery, noting that these two elements resulted in a social and economic structure that resembled the Carolinas. Examines various aspects of slave life, including family life, migration, diet, housing, language, and the labor system. AgH 60: 305-306; Choice 23: 920-21; FHQ 65: 380-82; JAH 73: 178; JER 6: 200-201; JSH 52: 615-16; OH 96: 172-73; WMQ 43: 677-79. 223 Starling, Marion Wilson. The Slave Narrative: Its Place in American History. Boston, Mass.: Hall, 1981. xxii, 363 pp. ISBN 0816184593; OCLC 7741046; LC Call Number E444 .S8. Citations: 28. Discusses slave narratives from 1703 court records in Massachusetts, but focuses on those appearing between 1836 and 1860. Describes noted narratives of Henry Bibb, William Wells Brown, Solomon Northrup, Henry Box Brown, Peter Still, Josiah Henson, and Frederick Douglass. Examines the truth of the narratives and their literary and aesthetic value, concluding that they were “admittedly low in artistic value,” but were important for their use in novels based on slave experience. JAH 69: 954-55. 224 Tate, Thad W. The Negro in Eighteenth-Century Williams burg. Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1985. xii, 141 pp. ISBN 0910412294; OCLC 12651896; LC Call Number F234.W7 T3. Citations: 13. Reprints a 1965 book, incorporating recent scholarship and an updated bibliography. Describes the change in legal status of blacks from laborers with limited rights to slaves who were seen merely as property. Analyzes the institutionalization of slavery and the ways in which it changed after the Revolution. JSH 52: 147. 225 Turner, Mary. Slaves and Missionaries: The Disintegration of Jamaican Slave Society, 1787-1834. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1982. 223 pp. ISBN 0252009614; OCLC 8389808; LC Call Number HT1096 .T87. Citations: 34. Describes the role of Protestant missionaries in Jamaica. Considers the restrictions under which the missionaries operated, their influence on slaves, and the importance of their teachings in the 1831 rebellion. Choice 20: 1208. 226 Van Horne, John C., ed. Religious Philanthropy and Colonial Slavery: The American Correspondence of the Associates of Dr. Bray, 1717-1777. Urbana:

Race and Slavery 59 University of Illinois Press, 1985. xxii, 370 pp. ISBN 0252011422; OCLC 10778372; LC Call Number BV2783 .R45. Citations: 19. Contains approximately 200 documents related to the religious education of slaves and free blacks. Notes that the Associates of Thomas Bray were not particularly successful because slaveowners resisted their efforts. GHQ 70: 756-58; HRNB 15: 99; JER 6: 91; JSH 53: 308-309; NYH 67: 375-76; NCHR 63: 546-47; PMHB 110: 577-78; VMHB 95: 382-83. 227 Walvin, James, ed. Slavery and British Society, 1776-1846. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982. vi, 272 pp. ISBN 0807110493; OCLC 8789578; LC Call Number HT1162 .S58. Citations: 80. Includes essays on abolition movements, the relationship between abolitionists and Chartists, missionaries and the anti-slavery movement, the industrialization factor, slavery in the West Indies, slave culture and resistance, and demographics. BHR 57: 307-308; GHQ 67: 231-33; JSH 49: 607-609; LH 24: 213-15. 228 Walvin, James. Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Short Illustrated History. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1983. viii, 168 pp. ISBN 0878051805 (hbk.); ISBN 0878051813 (pbk.); OCLC 9197152; LC Call Number HT861 .W34. Citations: 9. Surveys slavery from antiquity through its abolition in the Americas. Focuses on the work lives of slaves, their resistance efforts, and cultures. Choice 21: 746; GHQ 68: 135-36. 229 Windley, Lathan A. Runaway Slave Advertisements: A Documentary History from the 1730s to 1790. 4 vols. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1983. xvi, 468 pp.; xvi, 437 pp.; xvi, 778 pp.; xvi, 198 pp. ISBN 0313239118; OCLC 9217777; LC Call Number E446 .W73. Citations: 24. Offers a “source book for the study of slavery and to the fugitive slave problem.” Volume 1 covers Virginia and North Carolina, Volume 2 Maryland, Volume 3 South Carolina, and Volume 4 Georgia. Choice 21: 498; GHQ 69: 79-81; JSH 50: 155; NCHR 60: 504. 230 Wood, Betty. Slavery in Colonial Georgia, 1730-1775. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1984. x, 254 pp. ISBN 0820306878; OCLC 9488455; LC Call Number E445 .G3 W66. Citations: 29. Argues that “there were no ‘unthinking decisions’ in the debate that preceded the introduction of slavery into Georgia” and that the colony developed “a slave system that in its essentials was an extension of that which had already taken firm root in Tidewater, South Carolina.” Notes that during the introduction of slavery, colony trustees “anticipated most of the arguments postulated by the anti-slavery movement,” while the “pro-slavery argument hinged on the economic necessity of employing slaves.” Explains that Georgia’s Trustees opposed slavery initially because it ran counter to their goals for the colony—a place for persecuted individuals, a bulwark against the Spanish and a manufacturer of luxury goods. Notes that proslavery arguments forwarded largely by Lowland Scots and Englishmen (mainly Thomas Stephens) won the

60 Books on Early American History and Culture day because of economic reasons. Studies slave demographics and families, laws governing the institution, and resistance to slavery. AgH 59: 609-610; Choice 22: 338; GHQ 68: 244-59; JAH 71: 619-20; JAS 19: 149-50; JSH 51: 276-77; NCHR 61: 518-19; WMQ 42: 282-84.

8 Gender

231 Biemer, Linda Briggs. Women and Property in Colonial New York: The Transition from Dutch to English Law, 1643-1727. Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Research Press, 1983. xiii, 155 pp. ISBN 083571392X; OCLC 9082233; LC Call Number KFN5111 .W6 B53. Citations: 10. Looks at the transition from Dutch to English law through the careers of Lady Deborah Moody, Margaret Hardenbroeck, Maria Van Cortlandt, and Alida Schuyler. Examines what “able and ordinary persons made of legal privilege in New Netherland.” Notes “the gradual loss of legal rights for women once the English imposed their law,” which “resulted in a loss of economic energy in New York women.” Choice 21: 754; JAH 70: 645; NYH 64: 321-23; WMQ 41: 150-51. 232 Buel, Joy Day, and Richard Buel, Jr. The Way of Duty: A Woman and Her Family in Revolutionary America. New York: W.W. Norton, 1984. xxiii, 309 pp. ISBN 0393017672; OCLC 9683169; LC Call Number CT275 .F5586 B83. Citations: 18. Tells the story of Mary Fish (1731-1818) of Connecticut. Examines her background, marriage into the Silliman family, relations with other women, slave ownership, economic activities, and her life during the Revolution. AHR 89: 1147; Choice 22: 179; JAH 71: 617-18; JAS 19: 441-42; LJ 108: 2330; NYT Bk Rev (5 Feb 84): 19; WMQ 41: 664-66. 233 Burr, Esther Edwards. The Journal of Esther Edwards Burr, 1754-1757. Edited by Carol F. Karlsen and Laurie Crumpacker. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1984. xiv, 318 pp. ISBN 0300029004; OCLC 9943936; LC Call Number E302.6 .B93 A4. Citations: 24.

62 Books on Early American History and Culture Introduces the life of Burr, daughter of Jonathan Edwards and mother of Vice President Aaron Burr, from her early life in Northampton during the Great Awakening to her role as the wife of Aaron Burr, Sr., president of Princeton. Publishes Burr's journal, which comments on books, religious revivals, daily life, entertaining, and war with the French and Indians. Also includes some letters to her close friend Sarah Prince. Choice 22: 480; CH 54: 531-32; EAL 20: 174-77; LJ 109: 1236; NYT Bk Rev (27 May 84): 17. 234 Chambers-Schiller, Lee Virginia. Liberty, A Better Husband. Single Women in America: The Generations of 1780-1840. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1984. xi, 285 pp. ISBN 0300031645; OCLC 10457335; LC Call Number HQ800.2 .C43. Citations: 64. Studies letters and diaries of 113 single women born in the northeast between 1735 and 1848. Argues that at the same time a “cult of domesticity” was developing in the United States, so was a “cult of single blessedness.” Notes that the two concepts were related: since marriage was to be based on “true” affection (not convenience) many women sought to remain single rather than accept something less. AHR 92: 741; Choice 22: 1060; History 72: 474; JAH 72: 140; JAS 19: 460-61; J Soc Hist 19: 714; LJ 109: 1671; WMQ 42: 427-29. 235 Clinton, Catherine. The Plantation Mistress: Woman’s World in the Old South. New York: Pantheon, 1982. xix, 331 pp. ISBN 0394516869; OCLC 8306802; LC Call Number HQ1438 .A13 C58. Citations: 121. Finds that “relatively little is actually known of women’s work in the antebellum South.” Argues that “Patriarchy was the bedrock upon which the slave society was founded, and slavery exaggerated the pattern of subjugation that patriarchy had established.” Concludes that isolation of plantation life and southern slaveholder power “ensured that a woman remained as securely bound to the land as her husband’s other property.” AHR 89: 196; Choice 20: 1171; CSM (11 Feb 83): B6; LJ 107 (15 Nov 82): 2170; Nation 236 (26 March 83): 370; VMHB 93: 101-102; WMQ 41: 327-28. 236 Conway, Jill K. The Female Experience in Eighteenth- and NineteenthCentury America: A Guide to the History of American Women. New York: Garland, 1982. xxiv, 290 pp. ISBN 0824099362; OCLC 8729648; LC Call Number Z7961 .C64; LC Call Number HQ1410 .C64. Citations: 10. Describes works of and about American women, including books, articles, dissertations, diaries, and travel accounts. Focuses on family life, law, domesticity, industrialization, education, social work, literature, women’s clubs, religion, politics, and health. Choice 20: 1107. 237 Fowler, Marian. The Embroidered Tent: Five Gentle-Women in Early Canada: Elizabeth Simcoe, Catharine Parr Traill, Susanna Moodie, Anna Jameson, and Lady Dufferin. Toronto: House of Arnold Press, 1982. 239 pp.

Gender 63 ISBN 0887840914 (pbk.); OCLC 8783282; LC Call Number CT3270 .F68; LC Call Number F1005 .F676. Citations: 9. Studies five British gentlewomen who came to Canada, noting their interactions with the frontier. Notes that most had difficulty adjusting to Canada. Choice 20: 490. 238 James, Janet Wilson. Changing Ideas about Women in the United States, 1776-1825. New York: Garland Publishing, 1982. xxix, 337 pp. ISBN 082404858X; OCLC 7946108; LC Call Number HQ1418 .J35. Citations: 8. Reprints a 1954 Harvard dissertation. Discusses evolving views of women in the context of British thought, especially with regard to social and economic changes. Choice 20: 168, 170; WMQ 40: 653-55. 239 Kolodny, Annette. The Land Before Her: Fantasy and Experience of the American Frontier, 1630-1860. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984. xxi, 293 pp. ISBN 0807815712 (hbk.); ISBN 0807841110 (pbk.); OCLC 9575125; LC Call Number E179.5 .K64. Citations: 201. Seeks “to chart women’s private responses to the successive American frontiers and to trace a tradition of women’s public statements about the west.” Contends that, by 1860, the west had “brought hundreds of struggling, debt-ridden, homeless and hungry men and women from the crowded cities of older states, and given them peace and plenty, houses and lands.” Notes that the literature of the period presented women with models “of passive forbearance.” Offers “neither social history nor literary history, but the sequence of fantasies through which generations of women came to know and act upon the westward-moving frontier.” AgH 58: 635-36; CJH 20: 123-25; Choice 21: 1370; EAL 20: 271-77; GHQ 68: 613-15; IMH 80: 387-88; JAH 71: 384-85; NYT Bk Rev (27 May 84): 11; OH 94: 109-111; PHR 54: 525-26; Times Lit Supp (7 Sept 84): 1007. 240 Lebsock, Suzanne. The Free Women of Petersburg: Status and Culture in a Southern Town, 1784-1860. New York: W.W. Norton, 1984. xx, 326 pp. ISBN 0393017389; OCLC 9464795; LC Call Number HQ1423 .L39. Citations: 187. Examines the lives and status of black and white free women in Petersburg, Virginia prior to the Civil War. Argues that, even “in a nonconformist, antifeminist culture,” antebellum southern women gained “increasing autonomy . . . in the sense of freedom from utter dependence on particular men.” AHR 90: 218; Choice 22: 182; JAH 71: 629-30; JSH 50: 638-40; VMHB 94: 229-30; WMQ 42: 290-92. 241 Randolph, Mary. The Virginia House-Wife. Notes by Karen Hess. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1984. xlv, 370 pp. ISBN 0872494233; OCLC 10021401; LC Call Number TX715 .R225. Citations: 11. Presents a facsimile of the 1824 edition along with material from later editions (1825 and 1828). Gives the recipes of Mary Randolph (1762), which she

64 Books on Early American History and Culture recorded “from memory.” Accompanying historical notes point to the English origins of the recipes, which were modified for the conditions of Virginia. VMHB 93: 219-20. 242 Ruether, Rosemary Radford and Rosemary Skinner Keller, eds. Women and Religion in America. Vol. 2: The Colonial and Revolutionary Periods. New York: Harper and Row, 1981. ISBN 0060668326; OCLC 36283040; LC Call Number BR515 .W648. Citations: 21. Includes writings by and about American Indians and Catholics in New Spain and New France, blacks, and Jews. Also includes essays on Puritanism, the Revolution, and civil religion. Choice 21: 1322; CH 54: 248-49. 243 Speth, Linda E. and Alison Duncan Hirsch. Women, Family and Community in Colonial America: Two Perspectives. 79 pp. ISBN 0866561919; OCLC 9111806; LC Call Number KF521 .S63. Citations: 5. Offers two essays, the first on women handling family property in Virginia and the second on family, church and community in Connecticut in the 1730s. Choice 21: 344. 244 Stegeman, John F. and Janet A. Stegeman. Caty: A Biography of Catharine Littlefield Greene. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1985. xxiii, 235 pp. ISBN 0820307947 (hbk.); ISBN 0820307920 (pbk.); OCLC 11866762; LC Call Number E207 .G9 S73. Citations: 3. Presents a biography of Catharine Littlefield Greene (1753-1814), wife of Nathanael Greene. Covers her upbringing in Rhode Island, her role as the wife of a Revolutionary general, her life as a Georgia rice plantation mistress, and her work to recover the family’s fortune, much of which was spent to provision troops. Notes that she maintained a network of influential contacts and that her support of Whitney’s cotton gin was a major contribution. AHR 91:988; GHQ 70: 400. 245 Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher. Good Wives: Image and Reality in the Lives of Women in Northern New England, 1650-1750. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982. xvii, 296 pp. ISBN 039451940X; OCLC 7945083; LC Call Number HQ1438 .A11 U42. Citations: 179. Presents “a study in role definition, an extended description constructed from a series of vignettes” that emphasizes the importance of women in colonial New Hampshire, Maine, and Essex County, Massachusetts. Stresses “their influence as consorts and mothers, their authority as housewives and deputy husbands, their power as friendly neighbors, and their stature as experienced Christians.” JAH 69: 958-59; JAS 17: 469-70; WMQ 40: 471-73. 246 Van Kirk, Sylvia. Many Tender Ties: Women in Fur-Trade Society, 16701870. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1983. 301 pp. ISBN 0806118423 (hbk.); ISBN 0806118474 (pbk.); OCLC 9280464; LC Call Number F1060 .V36. Citations: 134.

Gender 65 Studies the role of women in western Canadian fur trade, particularly social and cultural aspects. Traces the trade from the founding of the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1670 through the late nineteenth century, noting the trade’s impact on marriage patterns, cultural exchange between Europeans and Indians, and race relations. Choice 21: 344; PHR 53: 510-11. 247 Walker, Cheryl. The Nightingale’s Burden: Women Poets and American Culture Before 1900. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982. xvi, 189 pp. ISBN 0253340659 (hbk.); ISBN 0253203015 (pbk.); OCLC 8474496; LC Call Number PS147 .W27. Citations: 48. Contends that Bradstreet’s work has been echoed by female poets for three centuries in the themes of self-discipline, otherworldliness, and ambivalence toward imposed cultural roles. EAL 19: 100. 248 White, Deborah Gray. Ar’n’t I a Woman? Female Slaves in the Plantation South. New York: Norton, 1985. 216 pp. ISBN 039302217X; OCLC 11785433; LC Call Number E443 .W58. Citations: 163. Discusses the female slave experience. Argues that southerners simultaneously held contradictory views of the black woman as both temptress and maternal figure. JER 6: 442-44; NCHR 63: 265. 249 Withey, Lynne. Dearest Friend: A Life of Abigail Adams. New York: The Free Press, 1981. xiv, 369 pp. ISBN 0029347602; OCLC 7461862; LC Call Number E322.1 .A38. Citations: 17. Presents a biography of Adams which emphasizes her control of family finances, views on education, role as mother and grandmother, and political beliefs. Calls Adams a “fiery revolutionary” who, after the war, blamed “all political dissent on ‘foreign influence’” and sought “the suppression of freedom of the press.” Notes that Adams thought “women were the intellectual equals of men,” yet “accepted the social standards that confined women to the home.” Concludes that Adams was “temperamentally and philosophically conservative, despite her outspoken advocacy of the American Revolution. In general, she feared revolution; she valued stability, believed that family and religion were the essential props of social order, and considered inequality a social necessity.” Choice 19: 551; GHQ 65: 389-90; JAH 69: 437-38; NYH 63: 489-90; WMQ 39: 714-16.

9 Ethnicity

250 Brock, William R. Scotus Americanus: A Survey of the Sources for Links Between Scotland and America in the Eighteenth Century. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1982. viii, 293 pp. ISBN 0852244207; OCLC 8547436; LC Call Number E183.8 .G7 B864. Citations: 27. Surveys primarily private manuscript collections relating to the AmericanScottish relationship. Covers emigration, tobacco trade, religion, education, medicine, the Revolution, and significant individuals. Includes a bibliography. JAH 70: 128-29; JAS 17: 470-71. 251 Doyle, David Noel. Ireland, Irishmen, and Revolutionary America, 17601820. Dublin: The Mercier Press for the Cultural Relations Committee of Ireland, 1981. xix, 257 pp. ISBN 0853425906 (pbk.); OCLC 9794406; LC Call Number E184 .I6 D65. Citations: 33. Takes up England’s treatment of Ireland and the American colonies and the ongoing Irish struggle for fairness. Gives extensive background on Ireland’s population, political situation, institutions, and social conditions. Discusses trade between Ireland and America, Irish indentured servants, emigration, and religion. AHR 87: 1155; JAH 69: 138-39; WMQ 41: 666-68. 252 Jones, George Fenwick. The Salzburger Saga: Religious Exiles and Other Germans Along the Savannah. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1984. xii, 209 pp. ISBN 0820306894; OCLC 9644998; LC Call Number F295 .S1 J66. Citations: 8. Presents “a modest contribution to the commemoration of the two-hundredfiftieth anniversary of the Salzburgers’ arrival in Georgia.” Sketches the history of Salzburgers in America, placing the group in international context and

68 Books on Early American History and Culture explaining significant events and important people between 1734 and 1765. Discusses the leadership of pastors Johann Martin Boltzius and Israel Christian Gronau, describing the former as a “devoted, self-sacrificing, and effective spiritual and secular leader.” Choice 22: 182; GHQ 68: 410-411; JAEH 6: 104-106; JAH 71: 620; JSH 51: 9495; NCHR 61: 519-20; WMQ 42: 284-86. 253 Rosenwaike Ira. On the Edge of Greatness: A Portrait of American Jewry in the Early National Period. Cincinnati, Oh.: American Jewish Archives, 1985. xvi, 189 pp. ISBN 0878200134; OCLC 11867764; LC Call Number E184. J5 R65. Citations: 11. Identifies from the 1830 Census 629 Jewish households with about 4,000 members in an effort to characterize American Jewry prior to the large migration of German Jews in the mid-nineteenth century. Notes that most heads of Jewish households were foreign-born with age and sex characteristics similar to their urban Gentile counterparts. Finds that a majority of the 322 southern Jewish households owned slaves. Concludes that previous estimates exaggerated Jewish population in the early national period, that Jewish families were concentrating in New York and Philadelphia by 1830, that English and Dutch Jews were predominant, and that early Jews created important institutions that eased the assimilation of later Jews into American society. AHR 91: 986-87. 254 Westphall, Victor. Mercedes Reales: Hispanic Land Grants of the Upper Rio Grande Region. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1983. xviii, 356 pp. ISBN 0826306810; OCLC 9110441; LC Call Number HD243 .N5 W47. Citations: 27. Discusses Hispanic land grants in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado from the Spanish colonial era through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Covers Pueblo Indian, Spanish and Mexican grants, ranchos, the holdings of Thomas B. Catron, and the work of the Court of Private Land Claims. PHR 54: 356-57. 255 Wilcoxen, Charlotte. Seventeenth Century Albany: A Dutch Profile. Albany, N.Y.: Albany Institute of History and Art, 1981. x, 161 pp. ISBN 0939072025 (pbk.); OCLC 7637822; LC Call Number F129 .A357. Citations: 3. Discusses the geographical features, early settlement, government, legal systems, economy, and religious environment of early Albany, as well as the settlement’s architecture, culture, and languages. NYH 64: 217.

10 Migration

256 Bumsted, J.M. The People’s Clearance: Highland Emigration to British North America, 1770-1815. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1982. xvii, 305 pp. ISBN 0852244193; OCLC 9063797; LC Call Number F1035.S4 B8. Citations: 52. Examines the issue of immigration from the Scottish Highlands in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Studies the Highland Society’s political influence in London, the Passengers Act of 1803, the opposition of Lord Selkirk to that legislation, and the reactions of shipowners. Includes lists of immigrants and some individuals’ occupations and origins. CHR 65: 280-81; CJH 18: 285; Hist Today 34: 48; WMQ 45: 603-606. 257 Condon, Ann Gorman. The Envy of the American States: The Loyalist Dream for New Brunswick. Fredericton, New Brunswick: New Ireland Press, 1984. xii, 236 pp. ISBN 0920483011 (pbk.); OCLC 12666765; LC Call Number F1043 .C66. Citations: 25. Studies 15,000 Loyalist exiles who moved to the St. John River valley after 1783. Examines the role of leaders like Edward Winslow and Ward Chipman. Describes the opposition they met upon arrival and discusses immigrants’ political skills and religious views. Contends that Loyalist exiles were difficult to govern, quarreled frequently, and had some bitterness toward Great Britain for allowing the American colonies their independence. Concludes that the Loyalists feared instability and attack, and made parishes and counties—not towns—the basic units of government. AHR 91: 489; CHR 67: 450-51; JAS 20: 143-44; NYH 70: 216; WMQ 43: 32325.

70 Books on Early American History and Culture 258 Filby, P. William. Passenger and Immigration Lists Bibliography, 15381900: Being a Guide to Published Lists of Arrivals in the United States and Canada. Detroit, Mich.: Gale, 1981. 195 pp. ISBN 0810310988; OCLC 8018741; LC Call Number Z5313 .U5 P38. Citations: 14. Represents an enlarged, updated version of R.J. Wolfe’s A Bibliography of Ship Passenger Lists, 1538-1625 (1963). Covers more than 1,300 American and Canadian sources and includes information on place of emigration/immigration, port of departure/arrival, place of settlement, and ship by date of sail. Booklist 85 (1 Nov 88): 464; Choice 19: 1378. 259 Filby, P. William. Passenger and Immigration Lists Bibliography, 15381900: Being a Guide to Published Lists of Arrivals in the United States and Canada: First Supplement. Detroit, Mich.: Gale, 1984. xi, 132 pp. ISBN 0810316447; OCLC 16064265; LC Call Number Z5313 .U5. Citations: 4. Revises Filby’s initial volume. Includes 600 new sources, offering annotations, and place name, port of departure, place of settlement, ship name, and nationality indexes. Choice 22: 1612. 260 Jones, Douglas Lamar. Village and Seaport: Migration and Society in Eighteenth-Century Massachusetts. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England for Tufts University, 1981. xxi, 167 pp. ISBN 087451200X; OCLC 7614755; LC Call Number HB1985 .M4 J66. Citations: 52. Studies the population of Wenham, a farming village, and Beverley, a seaport, especially the migration, economics, and inheritance patterns of each. Finds that Wenham’s productivity, population, and migrants declined, children left the town and economic opportunities were limited, while in Beverley the opposite was true. AgH 56: 590-92; AHR 88: 174; Choice 19: 1129; JAH 69: 683-85; JAS 17: 15960; NEQ 55: 609; WMQ 39: 704-707. 261 Kaminkow, Jack and Marion J. Kaminkow. A List of Emigrants from England to America, 1718-1759. Baltimore, Md.: Magna Carta Book Company, 1981. xxviii, 292 pp. ISBN 0910946213; OCLC 7197366; LC Call Number E187.5. Citations: 11. Updates a version first published in 1964, including 46 new records taken from indentured servants’ agreements at the Guildhall in London. Presents a total of 3,163 entries for indentured servants, arranged alphabetically. Includes name, age, place of origin, occupation, date and duration of servitude, and destination. GHQ 66: 598. 262 Kaminkow, Marion and Jack Kaminkow, eds. Original Lists of Emigrants in Bondage from London to the American Colonies, 1719-1744. Baltimore, Md.: Magna Carta Book Company, 1981. xviii, 211 pp. OCLC 223645; LC Call Number E187.5 .K33. Citations: 11. Identifies criminals sent to the American colonies before 1775 as indentured servants. Arranges entries alphabetically, giving a reference number, place of

Migration

71

origin, ship name, captain name, number of passengers on the ship, and dates of travel. GHQ 66: 419-20. 263 Scott, Kenneth. Early New York Naturalizations: Abstracts of Naturalization Records from Federal, State, and Local Courts, 1792-1840. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing, 1981. xi, 452 pp. ISBN 0806309407; OCLC 7642745; LC Call Number F118 .E22. Citations: 2. Abstracts documents from the New York City Court of Common Pleas, the U.S. District Court, the City Court of Brooklyn, and the Marine Court of the City of New York, among others. Includes 15,000 immigrant names, along with country of origin, occupation, and American citizen sponsor. NYH 64:461.

11 Labor and Class

264 Burch, Philip H., Jr. Elites in American History. Vol. 1: The Federalist Years to the Civil War. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1981. xii, 355 pp. ISBN 0841905940; OCLC 7655745; LC Call Number JK467 .B87. Citations: 14. Studies the economic dealings of cabinet members, ministers to Britain and France, and members of the Supreme Court from Washington’s first administration to the Civil War. Finds that most of these leaders had strong links to lawyers and successful business people. JAH 69: 142; JAS 16: 447-52. 265 Galenson, David W. White Servitude in Colonial America: An Economic Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981. xii, 291 pp. ISBN 052123686X; OCLC 7551702; LC Call Number HD4875 .U5 G34. Citations: 166. Studies 20,657 servants from Bristol, London, Liverpool, and Middlesex county who arrived in the West Indies and mainland English colonies. Analyzes data on costs, labor agreements, destinations, age, length of indenture, and occupation. Finds that servants were mostly male, generally in their teens and early twenties, and “represented a cross-section of a very broad segment of English society.” Notes that the proportion of unskilled laborers increased through the seventeenth century, while the opposite happened in the eighteenth century. Argues that the increasing number of skilled servants generally went into manufacturing and service and finds a “positive relation between the share of slaves in a colony’s net immigration and the share of its immigrant servants who were skilled: the more heavily a colony depended on the importation of slaves to satisfy its labor requirements, the higher the proportion of its indentured immigrants who possessed skills.”

74 Books on Early American History and Culture AgH 57: 108-109; AHR 88: 171; BHR 56: 588-90; CJH 19: 434-36; JAH 69: 679-80; Penn Hist 49: 291-92; VMHB 91: 367-68; WMQ 40: 132-34. 266 Gómez-Quiñones, Juan. Development of the Mexican Working Class North of the Rio Bravo: Work and Culture Among Laborers and Artisans, 1600-1900. Los Angeles: University of California, Chicano Studies Research Center Publications, 1982. 116 pp. ISBN 0895510553 (pbk.); OCLC 8283572; LC Call Number HD8081 .M6 G65. Citations: 3. Describes the development of the working class in the colonial southwest, emphasizing Spanish imposition of capitalist production methods. Notes that this imposition continued under U.S. control. PHR 53: 525-27. 267 Grigg, Susan. The Dependent Poor of Newburyport: Studies in Social History, 1800-1830. Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Research Press, 1984. xiv, 146 pp. ISBN 0835714160; OCLC 10403470; LC Call Number HV4046 .N74 G74. Citations: 6. Studies those in Newburyport who required public assistance to survive, both from the perspective of the poor themselves and from that of the town leadership and overseers of the poor. Examines the poor who lived on their own and in the almshouse, aid for poor children, remarriage of widows, and work among women. Finds that social mobility among the poor was virtually nonexistent, that most poor widows did not remarry, and that children did not receive the training necessary to break out of poverty in adulthood. JER 6: 78-79. 268 Hall, Peter Dobkin. The Organization of American Culture, 1700-1900: Private Institutions, Elites, and the Origins of American Nationality. New York: New York University Press, 1982. viii, 325 pp. ISBN 0814734154; OCLC 7875170; LC Call Number HN57 .H253. Citations: 82. Examines activities of wealthy, influential, socially prominent families in Massachusetts and Connecticut, especially their roles in creating institutions with substantial power. Argues that such voluntary associations were crucial in the development of American culture and the nation’s post-Civil War sense of national identity. AHR 88: 165; BHR 57: 114-15; Choice 20: 354; JAH 70: 110-111. 269 Innes, Stephen. Labor in a New Land: Economy and Society in Seventeenth-Century Springfield. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1983. xxi, 465 pp. ISBN 0691046980 (hbk.); ISBN 0691005958 (pbk.); OCLC 9318658; LC Call Number HC108 .S83 I56. Citations: 79. Emphasizes differences between port and river cities like Springfield and farming communities like Dedham and Andover. Argues that Springfield’s market economy depended heavily on wage labor and that the citizenry was relatively individualistic, stratified, and contentious. AHR 89: 840; Choice 21: 617; JAH 70: 870; JAS 18: 314-16; LJ 108 (Aug 83): 1480; NEQ 57: 275; WMQ 41: 495-99.

Labor and Class 75 270 Light, John D. and Henry Unglik. A Frontier Fur Trade Blacksmith Shop, 1796-1812. Quebec: National Historic Parks and Sites Branch, Parks Canada, 1984. 130 pp. ISBN 0660116529 (pbk.); OCLC 17804452; LC Call Number F1059 .S33. Citations: 1. Explores a smithy on St. Joseph Island, Ontario, including shop layouts and material items. Am Ant 51: 439. 271 Pentland, H. Clare. Labour and Capital in Canada, 1650-1860. Edited by Paul Phillips. Toronto: James Lorimer, 1981. xlvii, 280 pp. ISBN 0888623798; OCLC 8071545; LC Call Number HD8105 .P45. Citations: 68. Provides a broad overview of Canadian labor history based on the author’s dissertation. Contends that Indian workers and a number of immigrant ethnic groups were trapped in unskilled occupations and that after the mid-nineteenth century capital expansion laborers became conformist and “indistinguishable from anyone else.” CHR 63: 227-30. 272 Shpotov, B.M. The Farmer’s Movement in the United States in the 1780s and 1790s [in Russian]. 215 pp. OCLC 12214301; LC Call Number F69. Citations: 1. Surveys agrarian and small-town resistance to increased taxes and duties, debt collections, and a poor economy in the late eighteenth century. Discusses Shays’ Rebellion and the Whiskey Rebellion in particular and concludes that the struggle between rich merchants and poor hinterland farmers grew out of the struggle for independence. JAH 70: 657-58. 273 Steffen, Charles G. The Mechanics of Baltimore: Workers and Politics in the Age of Revolution, 1763-1812. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1984. xv, 296 pp. ISBN 0252010884; OCLC 9464430; LC Call Number HD8079 .B2 S73. Citations: 55. Examines the political organization of workers in Baltimore, labor unions, benefit societies, and the role of apprentices, slaves, women, and religion. Argues that Baltimore’s skilled workers after the Revolution coalesced as a political group whose “radical vision of republicanism . . . clashed with the conservative republicanism of merchants and lawyers.” Notes that “the politicization of the mechanic population represented perhaps the major change in Baltimore’s politics from the Revolution to the War of 1812.” AHR 90: 1005; Choice 22: 613; JAH 72: 941-42; JSH 51: 433-34; NCHR 62: 231-32; PMHB 109: 235-36; WMQ 42: 546-49. 274 Van der Zee, John. Bound Over: Indentured Servitude and American Conscience. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1985. 382 pp. ISBN 0671541188; OCLC 11842227; LC Call Number HD4875 .U5 V36. Citations: 8. Contends that American revolutionaries challenged the British because of their experiences as indentured servants. Sketches lives of men and women who

76 Books on Early American History and Culture came to America under indenture between the 1670s and 1760s. Suggests that there was a link between servant fear of arbitrary power and the Revolution. Choice 23: 1134. 275 Wilentz, Sean. Chants Democratic: New York City and the Rise of the American Working Class, 1788-1850. New York: Oxford University Press, 1984. xiv, 446 pp. ISBN 0195033426; OCLC 9281934; LC Call Number HD8085 .N53 W54. Citations: 472. Studies New York City craftsworkers and the impact of the Industrial Revolution on them, as well as the shift from artisanship to workmanship. Views “class as a dynamic social relation” affecting human achievement. Choice 22: 337; IMH 81: 179-80; JAH 71: 862-63; NYH 66: 80-82; PMHB 109: 400-402.

12 Economics and Business

276 Adams, Marilyn L., ed. Index to Probate Records of Colonial Georgia, 1733-1778. Atlanta, Ga.: R.J. Taylor, Jr. Foundation, 1983. v, 106 pp. ISBN 0915690098 (pbk.); OCLC 9992358; LC Call Number F285. Citations: 0. Includes all recorded names, designating them by role played: administrator, witness, or executor. Gives the date of the record and estates under which the names were listed. GHQ 68: 630. 277 Barbier, Jacques A. and Allan J. Kuethe, eds. The North American Role in the Spanish Imperial Economy, 1760-1819. Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press, 1984. vi, 232 pp. ISBN 0719009642; OCLC 10275617; LC Call Number HF3211 .N67. Citations: 27. Publishes ten articles on North American trade with the Caribbean Basin. Includes articles on the impact of the French Revolution and rise of Napoleon, Creole attitudes on economic development, the U.S. balance of payments with Spanish America and the Philippines, trade between the St. Lawrence River region and the Iberian empires, Anglo-American trade in Cuba, the Cuban planter class in American trade, and U.S. commercial relationships with Venezuela and French Louisiana. BHR 60: 161-62; Choice 22: 1047; JAH 72: 395-96; WMQ 44: 394-96. 278 Bushnell, Amy. The King’s Coffer: Proprietors of the Spanish Florida Treasury, 1565-1702. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1981. ix, 198 pp. ISBN 0813006902; OCLC 7554319; LC Call Number HJ1242 .B87. Citations: 17. Studies the offices of the royal treasury—the factor-overseer, the accountant, the treasurer, and the situador. Notes the significant role of the Menéndez family,

78 Books on Early American History and Culture finding that occupants of royal offices in Florida were frequently creoles or naturalized Floridians. Describes the problems of minimal income, limited trade, a shortage of currency, food distribution problems, slave population increases, wars, and problematic accounting procedures. AHR 88: 223; BHR 57: 143; Choice 19: 1478; FHQ 61: 181-83; JAH 70: 12324. 279 Carter, Jane Levis. The Paper Makers: Early Pennsylvanians and Their Water Mills. Gradyville, Penn.: Jane L. Carter, 1982. viii, 104 pp. OCLC 9247955; LC Call Number TS1095 .U6 C37. Citations: 5. Describes Quaker settlement in Delaware County and Quaker paper mills along the Chester, Crum, Darby, and Ridley creeks through the nineteenth century. Adds material on the history of paper making and genealogy. PMHB 107: 637-39. 280 Catanzariti, John, E. James Ferguson, Elizabeth M. Nuxoll, and Nelson S. Dearmont, eds. The Papers of Robert Morris, 1781-1784. Vol. 6: July 22October 31, 1782. Pittsburgh, Penn.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1984. lviii, 747 pp. ISBN 082293485X; OCLC 632087; LC Call Number E302.6.M8 A35. Citations: 4. Papers cover Morris’s time as superintendent of finance, and include private and business correspondence. Arranges items chronologically. Covers his difficulties meeting the nation’s financial commitments and paying interest on debts. Includes documents on the finances of the Revolution, including the establishment of public credit, reduction of expenditures, centralization of the economy, seeking permanent revenues for the central government, making administration more efficient, decreasing foreign loans, and securing contracts for army supply. BHR 59: 293-94; GHQ 69: 96-98; JAH 71: 859-60; JAS 19: 425-26; NCHR 62: 241-42; Penn Hist 52: 211-12; WMQ 54: 671. 281 Clark, John G. LaRochelle and the Atlantic Economy During the Eighteenth Century. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981. xiv, 286 pp. ISBN 0801825296; OCLC 7176735; LC Call Number HC278.R5 C55. Citations: 13. Discusses the role of LaRochelle merchants in the development of the Atlantic economy. Examines shipping to the Antilles and Canada, the slave trade, the port’s decline by the end of the century, and economic and marital ties among a small group of families. BHR 56: 482; CHR 64: 69-70. 282 Clowse, Converse D. Measuring Charleston’s Overseas Commerce, 17171767: Statistics from the Port’s Naval List. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1982. x, 157 pp. ISBN 0819120553 (hbk.); ISBN 0819120561 (pbk.); OCLC 7975374; LC Call Number HF3163 .C35 C65. Citations: 10. Includes text and 65 tables describing the imports, exports, and carrying trade of Charleston. Discusses problems in both the usage of shipping lists and comparisons of trade volume.

Economics and Business 79 GHQ 66: 386; WMQ 40: 633-35. 283 Cochran, Thomas C. Frontiers of Change: Early Industrialism in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981. vii, 179 pp. ISBN 0195028759; OCLC 6648557; LC Call Number HC105 .C64. Citations: 69. Argues that the northeast “had a majority or modal culture, based on its traditions and environment, that recognized innovations in craftsmanship and business policy as essential ‘techniques of solving problems.’ In addition, the necessities of the developing colonies and states enforced a continued emphasis on utilitarian ways.” Contends that high geographic and social mobility in America encouraged the “tendency to innovation and ready acceptance of the new in American culture.” AHR 87: 253; BHR 60: 126-28; JAH 69: 147; JAS 16: 279-80; LJ 106: 792; Penn Hist 49: 138-40; PMHB 106: 111-21; WMQ 40: 302-309. 284 Faler, Paul G. Mechanics and Manufacturers in the Early Industrial Revolution: Lynn, Massachusetts, 1780-1860. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1981. xvii, 267 pp. ISBN 0873955048 (hbk.); ISBN 0873955056 (pbk.); OCLC 6707748; LC Call Number HD8039 .B72. Citations: 114. Studies shoemaking, particularly shoemakers’ wages, mobility and property ownership. Argues that economic developments drove social change in Lynn, including temperance, evangelical Protestantism, education reforms and abolition. Discusses divergence of craftsmen and merchants and the resulting conflicts by mid-century. AHR 87: 849; BHR 56: 431-33; JAH 70: 407-408. 285 Fisher, Sidney Thomson. The Merchant-Millers of the Humber Valley: A Study of the Early Economy of Canada. Toronto: NC Press, 1985. 187 pp. ISBN 0920053785; OCLC 13489903; LC Call Number HC117.H86. Citations: 4. Discusses early water-powered mills along the lower Humber Valley and their roles in local and transatlantic trade. Examines settlements and shops that grew up along the mills and important area families in business. Finds that entrepreneurs in the valley had many roles and that steam power eventually eliminated the multifunctionality of millers. CHR 68: 316-17 286 Foley, William E. and C. David Rice. The First Chouteaus, River Barons of Early St. Louis. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983. xi, 241 pp. ISBN 0252010221; OCLC 9280701; LC Call Number F474 .S253 A24. Citations: 17. Studies the lives of Auguste and Pierre Chouteau from 1764 through the early nineteenth century, examining their personal, family, and business relationships. AHR 90: 481; Choice 21: 1666; JAH 72: 141; PHR 54: 81-82. 287 Folsom, Michael Brewster and Steven D. Lubar, eds. The Philosophy of Manufactures: Early Debates Over Industrialization in the United States. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1981. xxxix, 462 pp. ISBN 0262060760; OCLC 7653698; LC Call Number HC105 .P55. Citations: 15.

80 Books on Early American History and Culture Publishes 44 facsimile documents illustrating the debate over industrialization between 1775 and 1860. Includes Hamilton’s Report on Manufactures (1791) and papers from Henry Clay and Thomas Jefferson. BHR 57: 419-21; Choice 20: 759. 288 Fortune, Stephen Alexander. Merchants and Jews: The Struggle for British West Indian Commerce, 1650-1750. Gainesville: University Press of Florida for the Center for Latin American Studies, 1984. xiii, 244 pp. ISBN 0813007356; OCLC 10228890; LC Call Number HF3361 .F67; LC Call Number F1401 .L3. Citations: 21. Focuses on the relationship between plantation economics and economic changes in England, the role of indigenous merchants in legal and illegal commerce and the particular impact of Jewish traders. Argues that West Indian colonies were crucial to the onset of the Industrial Revolution. AHR 90: 1036; BHR 60: 328-29; Choice 22: 852; History 71: 530; WMQ 42: 413-15. 289 Fox-Genovese, Elizabeth and Eugene D. Genovese. Fruits of Merchant Capital: Slavery and Bourgeois Property in the Rise and Expansion of Capitalism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983. xxii, 469 pp. ISBN 0195031571 (hbk.); ISBN 019503158X (pbk.); OCLC 8431944; LC Call Number HT871 .F69. Citations: 169. Argues that, by the sixteenth century, social relations of production played a key role in the development of capitalism, and that merchant capitalism played a fairly limited role, but that it was critical to the African slave trade and the development of the American plantation system. Choice 21: 164; JAH 70: 863; LJ 107 (15 Nov 82): 2172; NY Rev Bks 30 (19 Jan 84): 39; PSQ 98: 736. 290 Francis, Daniel and Toby Morantz. Partners in Furs: A History of the Fur Trade in Eastern James Bay, 1600-1870. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1983. xvi, 203 pp. ISBN 0773503854 (hbk.); ISBN 0773503862 (pbk.); OCLC 9321892; LC Call Number HD9944 .C22 F73. Citations: 35. Examines the land and trade of eastern James Bay and the ways in which the fur business changed lives. Argues that the Hudson Bay Company and Indians established a relationship of mutual benefit in which dependence on European goods was not a significant problem. CHR 64: 570-71; Choice 20: 1520-21. 291 Gilman, Carolyn. Where Two Worlds Meet: The Great Lakes Fur Trade. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society, 1982. vii, 136 pp. ISBN 0873511565; OCLC 8170292; LC Call Number HD9944 .U46 G744. Citations: 13. Catalogs a 1985 Minnesota Historical Society exhibit on the fur trade. Essays discuss communication between Natives and Europeans, benefits of the trade for each side, and meanings that each side attached to objects. Illustrations show maps, paintings, engravings, ledgers, contracts, price lists and inventories, letters, and objects like pipes, guns, kettles, utensils, ornaments, and textiles. WMQ 40: 458-61.

Economics and Business 81 292 Hemphill, John M. Virginia and the English Commercial System, 16891733: Studies in the Development and Fluctuations of a Colonial Economy under Imperial Control. New York: Garland Publishing, 1985. xxxi, 354 pp. ISBN 0824066693; OCLC 12215292; LC Call Number HF3161 .V8 H46. Citations: 7. Reprints a 1964 Princeton dissertation. Covers Virginia’s economy (especially prices, slave importation, and the tobacco trade), the money supply in the economy, and commercial regulation in Parliament and the House of Burgesses. JSH 54: 153; VMHB 94: 488; WMQ 43: 667-69. 293 Howard, David Sanctuary. New York and the China Trade. New York: New York Historical Society, 1984. 142 pp. OCLC 10520745; LC Call Number NK1068.H66. Citations: 9. Catalogs an exhibition of the China trade from the colonial period into the nineteenth century. Describes various objects connected to the trade and discusses its economic viability. NYH 66: 345; WMQ 41: 493-95. 294 Jonas, Manfred and Robert V. Wells, eds. New Opportunities in a New Nation: The Development of New York after the Revolution. Schenectady, N.Y.: Union College Press, distributed by Syracuse University Press, 1982. xi, 146 pp. OCLC 9309907; LC Call Number F123 .N48. Citations: 8. Collects four essays from a Union College conference. Articles discuss economics, land speculation, western settlement, and the development of New York regional culture. AHR 88: 1061; Choice 20: 1654; NYH 66: 345-46; WMQ 40: 658-60. 295 Kriedte, Peter. Peasants, Landlords and Merchant Capitalists: Europe and the World Economy, 1500-1800. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983. 191 pp. ISBN 0521257557 (hbk.); ISBN 0521276810 (pbk.); OCLC 9394417; LC Call Number HC240 .K74413. Citations: 49. Explores the emergence of capitalism, including the impact of demographics, the price revolution, the outbreaks of wars, epidemics, and famine, migration, and land ownership. Stresses rural industry as the innovative foundation of modern capitalism and characterizes as crucial the seventeenth-century struggle between feudalism and capitalism. BHR 59: 530-31; CJH 20: 419-20. 296 Lee, David. The Robins in Gaspé, 1766-1825. Markham, Ont.: Fitzhenry and Whiteside, 1984. xii, 148 pp. ISBN 0889029520; OCLC 11252833; LC Call Number HD9464 .C23. Citations: 8. Discusses the trading firm of Charles Robin and his family. Includes information on Jersey coastal merchants, privateering, and the fur trade with Native Americans through the end of the business in 1886. CHR 66: 286-87. 297 Lee, Jean Gordon. Philadelphians and the China Trade, 1784-1844. Philadelphia Museum of Art, distributed by the University of Pennsylvania

82 Books on Early American History and Culture Press, 1984. 232 pp. ISBN 087633060X (pbk.); OCLC 10949015; LC Call Number N7343.5 .L43. Citations: 14. Presents a catalog for a summer 1984 exhibition at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. Gives illustrations and descriptions of over 300 objects, along with general introductory essays. Presents material on the captains and cargoes of ships to Canton. Penn Hist 53: 246-47. 298 Levitt, James H. For Want of Trade: Shipping and the New Jersey Ports, 1680-1783. Newark: New Jersey Historical Society, 1981. xi, 224 pp. ISBN 0911020039; OCLC 7554269; LC Call Number F131 .N62. Citations: 7. Analyzes New Jersey maritime commerce, particularly ports, ships, the shipping industry and traders. Notes that stiff competition from New York and Philadelphia resulted in “New Jersey’s failure to develop a merchant class willing to commit the necessary resources and personal effort” to make the colony a maritime commercial center. AHR 88: 463; JAH 69: 683; NYH 64: 71-73; PMHB 106: 295-96; WMQ 39: 712714. 299 McCullough, A.B. Money and Exchange in Canada to 1900. Toronto: Dundurn Press in cooperation with Parks Canada and the Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Supply and Services Canada, 1985. 323 pp. ISBN 0919670865; OCLC 12319052; LC Call Number HG652 .M38. Citations: 10. Describes coins, paper money, bank notes, and other payment media and value measures in Canada prior to 1900. Discusses the development of money forms, regional currency, and value fluctuations. CHR 66: 598-99. 300 McCusker, John J. and Russell R. Menard. The Economy of British America, 1607-1789. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985. xxiv, 485 pp. ISBN 0807816353; OCLC 12428642; LC Call Number HC104 .M38. Citations: 257. Surveys the colonial economies of New England, Atlantic Canada, the Middle Colonies, the upper South (especially the Chesapeake), the lower South (especially the Charleston area), and the West Indies. Discusses population growth, wealth distribution, trade, agriculture, government regulation, the labor force, consumption, manufacturing, government enterprise, and finance. Finds that “the interactions between internal demographic processes and external demand for staples are often critical to understanding the development of the colonial economy.” Argues “that British America can be discussed as an entity,” and “that no such thing as a ‘colonial economy’ developed until nearly the end of the era.” Notes that “British American trade came to be controlled by merchants resident in colonial ports.” AHR 91: 725; BHR 60: 655-56; CHR 67: 412-14; EAL 22: 229; GHQ 70: 33234; JAH 73: 172; JAS 20: 304-305; JSH 52: 442-44; NCHR 63: 137; PMHB 110: 573-75; VMHB 95: 113-114; WMQ 43: 474-77.

Economics and Business 83 301 Mulholland, James A. A History of Metals in Colonial America. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1981. xiv, 216 pp. ISBN 081730052X (hbk.); ISBN 0817300538 (pbk.); OCLC 6420799; LC Call Number TN623 .M84. Citations: 14. Studies the evolution of the colonial metals industry, especially gold, silver, copper and iron. Examines the establishment of iron furnaces at Falling Creek in Virginia and Saugus, Massachusetts, metal mining in the Great Lakes region, and the uses to which the metals were put. Argues that iron played a significant role in the Revolution and in economic development afterwards. AHR 88: 1318; BHR 56: 301-303; Choice 19: 260; GHQ 66: 102; JAH 69: 134; PMHB 106: 128-29. 302 Newman, Peter C. Company of Adventurers: The Story of the Hudson’s Bay Company. Markham, Ont: Viking, 1985. xxiii, 413 pp. OCLC 21998616; LC Call Number F1060 .N49. Citations: 27. Offers a general history of the Hudson’s Bay Company through 1790 in order to sketch “each pivotal stage of the company’s evolution.” Includes a bibliography, a reprint of the Hudson’s Bay Company charter, and a list of governors, among other study aids. CHR 67: 399-400; Choice 23: 1270; PHR 57: 473-74. 303 Nordham, George Washington. George Washington and Money. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1982. xiv, 152 pp. ISBN 0819123935 (hbk.); ISBN 0819123943 (pbk.); OCLC 8345625; LC Call Number E312.17 .N65. Citations: 0. Explores Washington’s personal expenses, income sources, giving to charity, land value, liquid assets, and financial support for family members. Considers Washington’s portraits on coins and paper money and concludes that Washington was extremely careful with—and honest about—the nation’s finances. Choice 20: 338. 304 Paskoff, Paul F. Industrial Evolution: Organization, Structure, and Growth of the Pennsylvania Iron Industry, 1750-1860. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983. xx, 182 pp. ISBN 0801829046; OCLC 9557631; LC Call Number HD9517 .P4 P37. Citations: 27. Discusses the business structure and technology of the iron industry. Argues that in Pennsylvania the market for iron “burgeoned from 1750 on” and that most of the product was used for local manufacturing even beyond the eighteenth century. Notes that proprietary ownership generally was the most efficient, but that in large-scale works “little difference in output rates distinguished one type of firm from the others.” AHR 90: 484; BHR 59: 121-22; Choice 21: 1652; JAH 71: 620-21; PMHB 109: 236-37.

84 Books on Early American History and Culture 305 Penrose, Maryly B. Mohawk Valley Land Records: Abstracts, 1738-1788. Franklin Park, N.J.: Liberty Bell Associates, 1985. v, 115 pp. ISBN 0918940095 (pbk.); OCLC 11970434; LC Call Number F127 .M7. Citations: 0. Abstracts documents from the Tryon County Deed Book One in New York. Covers deeds, mortgages, bills of sale, highways, church trustee elections, and various land transactions and correspondence. NYH 68: 243. 306 Seavoy, Ronald E. The Origins of the American Business Corporation, 1784-1855: Broadening the Concept of Public Service during Industrialization. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1982. xii, 314 pp. ISBN 031322885X; OCLC 7282667; LC Call Number KF1420 .S4x. Citations: 40. Explores the development of incorporation law in New York and the evolution of the corporation from religious groups and charitable organizations to banks, insurance companies, transportation firms, and manufacturers. Argues that the state’s rapid industrialization resulted from favorable incorporation law and bank incorporations. AHR 88: 180; BHR 56: 591-93; JAH 71: 385-86. 307 Wilson, Bruce G. The Enterprises of Robert Hamilton: A Study of Wealth and Influence in Early Upper Canada, 1776-1812. Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 1983. 248 pp. ISBN 0886290104 (hbk.); ISBN 0886290090 (pbk.); OCLC 10734838; LC Call Number F1059.N5 H369. Citations: 7. Studies the life of Robert Hamilton from his start as an apprentice on the Niagara peninsula during the American Revolution to his development of business connections with border garrisons, the fur trade, and settlers. Discusses his kinship network, political activities, and the disappearance of his economic empire after his death. CHR 66: 430-31. 308 Withey, Lynne. Urban Growth in Colonial Rhode Island: Newport and Providence in the Eighteenth Century. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1983. xiv, 183 pp. ISBN 0873957512 (hbk.); ISBN 0873957520 (pbk.); OCLC 9217071; LC Call Number HT123.5 .R4 W55. Citations: 19. Examines Newport and Providence between 1680 and 1780, particularly economic growth and the impact of the Revolution, urbanization, population, trade, social structure, and poor relief. Argues that wealth was distributed unequally in both places, that this gap between rich and poor increased over time, that Providence lagged behind Newport in many things, and that urbanization caused more “warning out” and institutionalization among the poor. Choice 21: 1373; WMQ 42: 140-41. 309 Wood, W. Raymond and Thomas D. Thiessen, eds. Early Fur Trade on the Northern Plains: Canadian Traders Among the Mandan and Hidatsa Indians, 1738-1818. The Narratives of John Macdonnell, David Thompson, FrançoisAntoine Larocque, and Charles McKenzie. Norman: University of Oklahoma

Economics and Business

85

Press, 1985. xx, 353 pp. ISBN 0806118997; OCLC 11754953; LC Call Number E99 .M2 E17. Citations: 37. Contains annotated narratives of fur traders. Also includes appendices of journeys, goods traded, and inventories. CHR 67: 403-404; Choice 23: 789; JER 6: 312-14; PHR 56: 562-63.

13 Society

310 Benes, Peter, ed. Foodways in the Northeast. Boston, Mass.: Boston University for the American and New England Studies Program, 1984. 144 pp. OCLC 15053907; LC Call Number Fl .D82. Citations: 8. Includes papers from the 1982 Dublin Seminar for New England Folklife. Articles cover zooarchaeological findings, eighteenth-century animal food consumption in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, faunal remains at the Requa farmstead near Tarrytown, New York, eating and drinking habits in Deerfield, Massachusetts, brick ovens in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century western New York state farm houses, landscape design and agricultural improvements in nineteenth-century Boston, food theft and domestic problems in seventeenth-century Essex County, foodways at Plimoth Plantation, and the kitchen display at Deerfield’s Memorial Hall. WMQ 43: 496-99. 311 Breen, T.H. Tobacco Culture: The Mentality of the Great Tidewater Planters on the Eve of Revolution. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1985. xvi, 216 pp. ISBN 0691047294 (hbk.); ISBN 0691005966 (pbk.); OCLC 11972459; LC Call Number F229 .B8. Citations: 81. Studies relationships between planters and merchants, crop selection, and the issue of debt. Contends that tobacco production helped planters “to establish a public identity” and “served as an index of worth and standing in a community of competitive, highly independent growers: quite literally, the quality of a man’s tobacco often served as the measure of the man.” AgH 60: 301-303; AHR 91: 982; CJH 22: 262-63; Choice 23: 1128; EHR 102: 432; GHQ 71: 310-14; History 72: 469; JAH 73: 731; JER 6: 91-92; LJ 110: 103; J Soc Hist 20: 608-610; London Rev Bks 11 (19 Jan 89): 20; NCHR 63:

88 Books on Early American History and Culture 256-57; NYT Bk Rev (5 Jan 86): 17; PMHB 110: 576-77; VMHB 94: 477-80; WMQ 43: 664-67. 312 Christoph, Florence and Peter R. Christoph, eds. Records of the People of the Town of Bethlehem, Albany County, New York, 1698-1880. Selkirk, N.Y.: Bethlehem Historical Association, 1982. xii, 461 pp. OCLC 8612436; LC Call Number F129.B392. Citations: 0. Includes church and school records, maps, census reports, records of roads and cemeteries, and cattle marks. Also includes a short history of the town and a name index. NYH 64: 340. 313 Cohen, Patricia Cline. A Calculating People: The Spread of Numeracy in Early America. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, 1982. x, 271 pp. ISBN 0226112837; OCLC 8430543; LC Call Number QA27 .U5 C63. Citations: 99. Asks “Why was it that in the 1820s and 1830s there suddenly appeared many types of quantitative material and documents that previously had been quite rare?” and “What was it, before the 1820s, that prevented statistics and numbers from being part of the ordinary discourse of Americans?” Finds that, over time, “increasing numbers of people were drawn into a commercialized economy requiring a competence in the fundamentals of arithmetic. New economic, religious, and political ideas all stimulated the spread of reckoning skills and contributed to the prestige of numbers and quantification, a prestige that had become very great by the antebellum decades.” AHR 89: 203; Choice 20: 1616; JAH 70: 658-59; J Soc Hist 18 302; New Republic 190 (13 Feb 84): 35; WMQ 41: 158-59. 314 Coleman, Kenneth and Milton Ready, eds. The Colonial Records of the State of Georgia. Vol. 20: Original Papers, Correspondence to the Trustees, James Oglethorpe, and Others, 1732-1735. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1982. x, 520 pp. ISBN 0820305987; OCLC 8222672; LC Call Number F281 .C71. Citations: 4. Documents largely cover Indian trade, Thomas Causton’s management of Trustee affairs, women’s roles, and frontier life. GHQ 67: 103-104. 315 Crane, Elaine Forman. A Dependent People: Newport, Rhode Island, in the Revolutionary Era. New York: Fordham University Press, 1985. x, 196 pp. ISBN 0823211118; OCLC 12863654; LC Call Number F89 .N5 C8. Citations: 11. Studies the relationships among the various parts of Newport society—women, slaves, the wealthy, and the poor. Finds that all segments of society were dependent upon commerce and the slave trade. Argues that British post-1763 policy eroded the Newport economy and undermined relations among the city’s residents. Concludes that simple economics—not political ideology—helped to bring on the Revolution in Newport.

Society 89 AHR 92: 201; Choice 23: 1448; JAH 73: 734; Times Lit Supp (19 Sept 86): 1023; WMQ 45: 376-77. 316 Davis, Robert Scott, Jr. and Rev. Silas Emmett Lucas, Jr. The Families of Burke County, 1755-1855: A Census. Easley, S.C.: Southern Historical Press, 1981. xi, 759 pp. ISBN 0893082112; OCLC 7848747; LC Call Number F292 .B95. Citations: 0. Lists landowners and land grants in Burke County, South Carolina, and provides maps, tax digests, land lottery records (1805-1832), and federal censuses (18201850). GHQ 66: 284-85. 317 Deagan, Kathleen. Spanish St. Augustine: The Archaeology of a Colonial Creole Community. New York: Academic Press, 1983. xxii, 317 pp. ISBN 0122078802; OCLC 9197651; LC Call Number F319 .S2 D35. Citations: 61. Reports results of house excavations in St. Augustine, focusing on the period from 1702 to 1763. Discusses housing, artifacts, foodways, and burials. Identifies names, ethnicity, and social classes of inhabitants and concludes that a great amount of cultural interchange took place among presidio inhabitants. Am Ant 49: 878-79; FHQ 63: 91-94. 318 Demos, John Putnam. Entertaining Satan: Witchcraft and the Culture of Early New England. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982. xiv, 543 pp. ISBN 0195031318; OCLC 8114390; LC Call Number BF1576 .D42. Citations: 178. Discusses 93 non-Salem cases of witchcraft accusations, describing their individual characteristics and impact on their communities. Argues that those accused of witchcraft were “vulnerable” people (especially women over childbearing age) and those who were “troubled,” but “in no meaningful sense ‘sick’” or mentally ill. Contends that people lived with the idea of witchcraft, that it was part of “the regular business of life.” AHR 88: 1316; Atlantic 250: 105; Choice 20: 1194; EAL 18: 95-101; GHQ 67: 218-20; History 69: 473; JAH 70: 395-96; JAS 17: 445-47; LJ 107 (1 Sept 82): 1657; New Republic 188 (10 Jan 83): 44; NY Rev Bks 29 (4 Nov 82): 39; NYT Bk Rev (19 Sept 82): 14; Times Lit Supp (13 May 83): 493; VQR 59: 725; WMQ 40: 466-69. 319 Ekberg, Carl J. Colonial Ste. Genevieve: An Adventure on the Mississippi Frontier. Gerald, Mo.: Patrice Press, 1985. xxi, 541 pp. ISBN 0935284419; OCLC 12978208; LC Call Number F474 .S33 E43. Citations: 13. Studies Ste. Genevieve, focusing on French settlers, African slavery, dependence upon the Mississippi River, agriculture and minerals, daily life, medicine, and parenting. Argues that the community survived between 1750 and American annexation in 1803 because of the adaptability of its leaders. AHR 92: 199. 320 Gardner, James B. and George Rollie Adams, eds. Ordinary People and Everyday Life: Perspectives on the New Social History. Nashville, Tenn.:

90 Books on Early American History and Culture American Association for State and Local History, 1983. viii, 215 pp. ISBN 091005066X; OCLC 9324603; LC Call Number HN59.2 .O72. Citations: 79. Includes essays by ten scholars. Articles focus on breaking down barriers in social history and encouraging cross-disciplinary work on women, agriculture, family, labor, race, ethnicity, politics, and material culture. WMQ 41: 499-503. 321 Heyrman, Christine Leigh. Commerce and Culture: The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts, 1690-1750. New York: W.W. Norton, 1984. 431 pp. ISBN 0393017818; OCLC 9489001; LC Call Number F74 .G5 H49. Citations: 68. Studies the communities of Gloucester and Marblehead. Suggests that both were disorderly initially, but that trade and prosperity helped them become more tranquil and settled. Concludes that order was evidenced by civic pride, the emergence of an elite, emphasis on families, and church establishment and membership. AHR 90: 1264; BHR 60: 296; Choice 22: 1218; JAH 72: 390; LJ 109 (1 Sept 84): 1671; NEQ 58: 467; WMQ 43: 138-40. 322 Hinojosa, Gilberto Miguel. A Borderlands Town in Transition: Laredo, 1755-1870. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1983. xviii, 148 pp. ISBN 0890961603; OCLC 9684498; LC Call Number F394 .L2 H56. Citations: 31. Describes political and economic aspects of Laredo. Concludes that in Laredo, prior to 1870, “Interaction between Mexican Americans and Anglo Americans was to a great extent characterized by cooperation, blending and mixing.” AHR 89: 1150; Choice 21: 1369; JAH 71: 386-87; JSH 50: 463-64; PHR 54: 223-24. 323 Hooker, Richard J., ed. A Colonial Plantation Cookbook: The Receipt Book of Harriott Pinckney Horry, 1770. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1984. 157 pp. ISBN 0872494373; OCLC 10876930; LC Call Number TX703 .H67. Citations: 3. Publishes Horry’s plantation cookbook. Includes an introduction to the habits of the South Carolina elite. GHQ 69: 298. 324 Horne, Field, ed. The Diary of Mary Cooper: Life on a Long Island Farm, 1768-1773. Oyster Bay, N.Y.: Oyster Bay Historical Society, 1981. xii, 84 pp. ISBN 089062108X (pbk.); OCLC 7554424; LC Call Number F129 .O98. Citations: 3. Publishes the diary of Mary Cooper (1714-1778) from Oyster Bay, Long Island. Entries discuss family and friends, everyday life, food, labor, travel, and the marriages, diseases, and deaths of her children. NYH 67: 468.

Society 91 325 Isaac, Rhys. The Transformation of Virginia, 1740-1790. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1982. xxxii, 451 pp. ISBN 080781489X; OCLC 7554245; LC Call Number F229 .I8. Citations: 375. Notes that prior to 1740 patriarchal society reigned and that the colony’s social life was dictated by the gentry. Describes how elites lived, labored, and spent leisure time. Notes that between 1740 and 1790 Baptists and Methodists initiated a popular evangelical movement, followed by a political revolution that helped to dismantle traditional society. Argues that Virginia was profoundly changed by eighteenth-century religious and political revolution. AHR 88: 464; BHR 56: 590; CH 53: 107-108; CJH 18: 139-41; FCHQ 57: 41516; JAH 69: 963-64; JSH 49: 605-607; LJ 107 (15 Apr 82): 809; NY Rev Bks 29 (20 Jan 83): 38; PMHB 106: 569-71; Times Lit Supp (25 Feb 83): 177; VMHB 91: 512-14; WMQ 40: 298-302. 326 Main, Gloria L. Tobacco Colony: Life in Early Maryland, 1650-1720. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1982. xv, 326 pp. ISBN 069104693X; OCLC 8473923; LC Call Number HD9137 .M3 M34. Citations: 85. Examines probate records of six Maryland counties to describe tobacco production and social structure. Discusses “everyday life in a tobacco colony.” Argues that “the decision to buy slaves was essentially an economic one, arising out of consideration of supply and price.” Also examines consumption patterns, concluding that “the daily life of ordinary men and women scarcely differed in 1720 from that in 1650. The material circumstances in which they lived had not altered at all.” AgH 58: 634-35; AHR 88: 1318; Choice 20: 1360; CJH 20: 427-29; JAH 70: 646; JSH 50: 105-107; WMQ 41: 653-58. 327 Main, Jackson Turner. Society and Economy in Colonial Connecticut. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1985. xv, 395 pp. ISBN 069104726X; OCLC 11495871; LC Call Number HC107 .C8 M35. Citations: 50. Examines the standard of living in colonial Connecticut among farmers, laborers, artisans, merchants and professionals. Argues that there were no true “poor” in early colonial Connecticut, only young men waiting to inherit property. AgH 60: 298-301; AHR 91: 458; Choice 23: 508; GHQ 69: 633; JAH 73: 175; NYH 67: 463-64; WMQ 43: 305-307. 328 Meyer, Michael C. Water in the Hispanic Southwest: A Social and Legal History, 1550-1850. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1984. xiii, 189 pp. ISBN 0816508259; OCLC 10274289; LC Call Number KF5569 .M49. Citations: 68. Examines conflicts over water in the Southwest, including legal aspects, the impact of aridity on society and culture, and differences between Spanish and Indian concepts of property. AgH 59: 349-50; JAH 72: 674-75; PHR 55: 315-317.

92 Books on Early American History and Culture 329 Moore, Christopher. Louisbourg Portraits: Life in an Eighteenth-Century Garrison Town. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1982. ix, 302 pp. ISBN 0771597126; OCLC 9190231; LC Call Number F1039.5 .L8 M66. Citations: 9. Seeks “to go past kings and heroes to the lives of the ordinary and undistinguished.” Covers courts, slavery, architecture, commerce, marriage, childhood, literacy, warfare, fishing, religion, and social stratification in Louisbourg. CHR 64: 45-46; WMQ 41: 153-55. 330 Nelson, William E. Dispute and Conflict Resolution in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, 1725-1825. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981. xi, 212 pp. ISBN 0807814547; OCLC 6446631; LC Call Number KFM2999 .P5 N44. Citations: 34. Examines the roles of the church, county court, and town meetings in resolving disputes. Notes that prior to the Revolution towns in the county reflected Puritan consensus and involvement of non-court community institutions, but that after the Revolution people resorted to the courts with greater frequency, thanks to increasing religious dissent, political partisanship, and growth of the commercial economy, all of which called for identification with people outside of one’s own community. AHR 87: 527; JAH 68: 648-49. 331 Reinhart, Theodore R., ed. The Archaeology of Shirley Plantation. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1984. x, 226 pp. ISBN 0813910102; OCLC 10998030; LC Call Number F234 .S56 A7. Citations: 10. Includes papers on Shirley plantation’s root cellar, main house construction, prehistory, slaves, and tenant farmers. Am Ant 52: 664; JSH 52: 94-95; VMHB 94: 223-26; WMQ 43: 674-77. 332 Rice, Kym S. Early American Taverns: For the Entertainment of Friends and Strangers. New York: Regnery Gateway, distributed by Fraunces Tavern Museum, 1984. 168 pp. ISBN 0895266202 (hbk.); ISBN 0895268426 (pbk.); OCLC 9066539; LC Call Number GT3803 .R5. Citations: 14. Discusses both urban and rural taverns from the colonial period through the early nineteenth century, focusing on keepers, patrons, regulations, food and drink, and the tavern as a place where business was conducted and politics discussed. Includes a short biography of Samuel Fraunces. AHR 89: 1145; Choice 21: 1046-47. 333 Rutman, Darrett B. and Anita H. Rutman. A Place in Time: Explicatus. New York: W.W. Norton, 1984. ix, 207 pp. ISBN 0393018202; OCLC 10971642; LC Call Number F232 .M6 R872. Citations: 50. Describes methods, statistics, and problems encountered in writing A Place in Time: Middlesex County, Virginia, 1650-1750. Discusses settlement, geography, kinship, social relations, political and economic groups, and black residents. JAH 72: 128-29; JSH 51: 426-27; VMHB 93: 341-43.

Society 93 334 Rutman, Darrett B. and Anita H. Rutman. A Place in Time: Middlesex County, Virginia, 1650-1750. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1984. 287 pp. ISBN 0393018016; OCLC 9783430; LC Call Number F232 .M6 R87. Citations: 96. Reconstructs the world of common Virginians and seeks to uncover the meaning of community. Concludes that Middlesex County colonists “were innately conservative, concerned with the mundane affairs of farms, families and neighborhoods, rather than consumed with a desire to follow what we would conceive to be the main chance to self-aggrandizement.” Notes “the wonder is not so much that the families of Middlesex entered in scattered fashion and lived in the midst of their own lands rather than in villages, but that they ordered themselves in their own fashion so very quickly.” AHR 90: 752; Choice 22: 612-13; JAH 72: 128-29; JSH 51: 426-27; VMHB 93: 341-43; WMQ 42: 251-58. 335 Scott, Elizabeth M. French Subsistence at Fort Michilimackinac, 17151781: The Clergy and the Traders. Mackinac Island, Mich.: Mackinac Island State Park Commission, 1985. iv, 218 pp. OCLC 12040918; LC Call Number F574 .M17 S36. Citations: 2. Studies animal and plant remains dated to the eighteenth century when French traders and clerics occupied the Mackinac area (prior to British occupation between 1761 and 1781). Explores supply methods, food preparation, butchering techniques, and seasonal subsistence patterns. Concludes that early missionaries’ diets included large amounts of fish (just like local Indians) and, with time, the French incorporated mammals and birds into their diets. Finds that both wealthier French traders and later British settlers consumed more domestic animals than earlier settlers. WMQ 43: 496-99. 336 Smith, Barbara Clark. After the Revolution: The Smithsonian History of Everyday Life in the Eighteenth Century. New York: Pantheon Books for the National Museum of American History, 1985. xxvi, 214 pp. ISBN 0394543815; OCLC 12108206; LC Call Number E163 .S63. Citations: 1. Serves as a companion publication for a National Museum of American History exhibit. Discusses the lives of a Massachusetts merchant, a Delaware farmer, a Virginia planter, and a freed slave from Philadelphia. Concludes that recent research reveals “a picture of the extraordinary diversity and surprising level of conflict that marked eighteenth-century life in America.” AHR 92: 203; Choice 23: 1271; WMQ 44: 391-94. 337 Sweet, David G. and Gary B. Nash, eds. Struggle and Survival in Colonial America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981. vii, 398 pp. ISBN 0520041100; OCLC 6250866; LC Call Number E162 .S88. Citations: 62. Describes “lives of little-known but remarkable human beings from the lower strata of colonial society.” Includes 23 biographical essays for individuals in Spanish, English, and Portuguese America from the sixteenth through nineteenth centuries, with special attention given to issues of race, class, and sex. Covers

94 Books on Early American History and Culture Indian leaders, religious people, shopkeepers, slaves, mestizos, mulattoes, mistresses, and widows. Choice 19: 423-24; CH 52: 235; JAH 69: 133. 338 Upham, Steadman. Politics and Power: An Economic and Political History of the Western Pueblo. New York: Academic Press, 1982. xvi, 255 pp. ISBN 0127091807; OCLC 8168686; LC Call Number E99.P9 U63. Citations: 73. Discusses the development of the western Pueblo after 1300. Claims that hereditary oligarchies dominated Zuni, Acoma, and Hopi societies. Argues that social and political complexity was greater in the fourteenth century among western Pueblos than later, and that clusters of villages linked by trade existed. Says that intensive agriculture, labor organization, and surplus production resulted in increased cultural complexity. Samples 67 western Pueblo sites north of the Mogollon Rim and in the Middle Verde Valley. Identifies nine site clusters, and the trade and alliances among them. Am Ant 48: 651-52. 339 Van Dusen, Albert E., ed. Adventurers for Another World: Jonathan Trumble’s Common-Place Book. Hartford: Connecticut Historical Society, 1983. xiii, 40 pp. ISBN 0940748878 (pbk.); OCLC 10849928; LC Call Number E263 .C5 T773. Citations: 0. Records Trumble’s views on religious and ethical matters, family problems, politics, news of the day, natural phenomena, and public service. Choice 21: 1367. 340 Zuckerman, Michael, ed. Friends and Neighbors: Group Life in America’s First Plural Society. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1982. v, 255 pp. ISBN 0877222533; OCLC 8283726; LC Call Number HN43 .F74. Citations: 40. Contains articles exploring “the life of the middle-colonial past as men and women of that pioneering plural society actually experienced it.” Asserts that “the version of American history that is essentially New England local history writ large is, in the final analysis, a version of genteel Anglo-Saxon racism.” Includes pieces on Middle Colonial historiography, the early American family, Scottish influence in the planning of east New Jersey, Episcopalian authority structures, the nature of power and dissent in the region, Quaker tribalism, eighteenth-century Pennsylvania diversity and Middle Colonies politics. Choice 20: 337; JAH 70: 130-31; Penn Hist 51: 85-86; PMHB 107: 144-46; WMQ 41: 307-310.

14 Families and Children

341 Avant, David A. Jr. Some Southern Colonial Families. 5 vols. Tallahassee, Fla.: L’Avant Studios, 1982. xx, 467 pp. OCLC 9268106; LC Call Number F208. Citations: 0. Traces the genealogies of the Allen, Avant, Crawford, Glenn, Johnson, Maycocke, Matthews, Melton, Newsome, Pace, Pearson, Sheppard, Spencer, West, Woodlief, and Zimmerman families in the southern United States. Contains a name index (including slaves) and a list of works cited. GHQ 67: 291. 342 Bourne, Miriam Anne. First Family: George Washington and His Intimate Relations. New York: W.W. Norton, 1982. 212 pp. ISBN 0393015319; OCLC 8032484; LC Call Number E312.19 .B68. Citations: 3. Focuses on Washington’s relations with his family, noting that he supported his mother quite well, cultivated warm relationships with his siblings, indulged his stepchildren and grandchildren, and had an unclear, but cordial relationship with his wife. Choice 19: 1627; LJ 107: 543. 343 Hoffer, Peter Charles and N.E.H. Hull. Murdering Mothers: Infanticide in England and New England, 1558-1803. New York: New York University Press, 1981. xxii, 211 pp. ISBN 0814734243; OCLC 10691315; LC Call Number HV6541 .G72 E54. Citations: 89. Finds that infanticide court cases in Massachusetts and Connecticut were relatively common for roughly the first century of settlement and then rapidly declined after about 1730. Notes that Puritans punished the crime severely as a violation of God’s law and an undermining of public morals and order, but that eighteenth-century attitudes changed as material conditions improved.

96 Books on Early American History and Culture BHM 58: 427-28; JAH 69: 426-27; WMQ 41: 148-50. 344 Lemieux, Denise. Les Petits Innocents: L’Enfance en Nouvelle-France. Quebec: Institut quebecois de recherche sur la culture, 1985. 205 pp. ISBN 2892240468; OCLC 12941393; LC Call Number HQ792 .N43 L46. Citations: 9. Explores the role of children in New France families, focusing on customs and everyday life. CHR 67: 256-57. 345 Lewis, Jan. The Pursuit of Happiness: Family and Values in Jefferson’s Virginia. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983. xix, 290 pp. ISBN 0521253063; OCLC 9197161; LC Call Number HQ535 .L44. Citations: 93. Studies the affective language of the Virginia gentry between 1720 and 1830, seeking to uncover the “Virginian’s mental world, their collected hopes and fears, perceptions and values, predispositions and preconceptions.” Notes a “change in feeling about the family—and, indeed, in feeling about feeling itself” in Jefferson’s Virginia. Notes that peace was the highest priority in the colony and concludes that, “In sum, gentry and evangelical values would meld, creating for Virginians what we recognize as nineteenth-century middle class culture.” AHR 89: 1148; JAH 71: 120-21; JAS 19: 272-73; JSH 50: 640-41; VMHB 93: 99-101; WMQ 41: 516-517. 346 MacDonald, Ruth K. Literature for Children in England and America from 1646 to 1774. Troy, N.Y.: Whitston Publishing, 1982. vii, 204 pp. ISBN 0878752277; OCLC 8520440; LC Call Number PR990 .M32. Citations: 4. Covers children’s literature, starting with John Cotton’s Milk for Babes and ending with Chesterfield’s letters to his son. Examines religious works, school books, courtesy literature, fables, fairy tales, and nursery rhymes. EAL 17: 255. 347 Schmit, Patricia Brady, ed. Nelly Custis Lewis’s Housekeeping Book. New Orleans, La.: Historic New Orleans Collection, 1982. x, 131 pp. ISBN 0917860098; OCLC 8567696; LC Call Number TX153 .L65. Citations: 0. Collects recipes and remedies used by females of the Lewis and Washington families, most notably Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis (1779-1852), George Washington’s adopted daughter who lived on Woodlawn Plantation in Virginia. Examines meat, fruit, and vegetable preservation, dessert, and condiment recipes, and treatments for croup, consumption, chapped hands, and snake bites. Includes a glossary of terms and ingredients. JSH 49: 493; LH 24: 112-13. 348 Scholten, Catherine M. Childbearing in American Society, 1650-1850. New York: New York University Press, 1985. viii, 143 pp. ISBN 0814778488; OCLC 11782776; LC Call Number HQ759 .S2755. Citations: 19. Explores the shift from midwives and family members assisting in birthing to the attendance of medical professionals in the nineteenth century. Notes that this change occurred due to advances in medical education and obstetrics, the

Families and Children 97 economics of medical practice, urbanization, and women’s desires for safer childbirth. Finds that “In a situation where there was little political or economic reason to restrain birth, the high rate of birth reflects the limits of social concern for women and is evidence of the pervasive assumption that frequent childbearing was woman’s natural lot and her primary social contribution.” AHR 93: 221-22; BHM 60: 252; PMHB 111: 138-41; WMQ 43: 310-12. 349 Vidrine, Jacqueline Olivier, ed. Love’s Legacy: The Mobile Marriages Recorded in French, Transcribed, with Annotated Abstracts in English, 17241786. Lafayette: Center for Louisiana Studies, 1985. xvi, 432 pp. ISBN 0940984229; OCLC 12582502; LC Call Number F334.M6. Citations: 0. Offers 194 marriage records of the parish church in Mobile, Alabama, translated from French with an annotated abstract discussing occupations and relationships of involved individuals. Reproduces records in the original French, along with notes and historical context. LH 27: 109-111. 350 Vidrine, Jacqueline Olivier. Vidrine-Védrines, 1600-1750: Our Védrines in France. Lafayette, La.: Acadiana Press, 1981. xii, 244 pp. ISBN 0937614041; OCLC 10276551; LC Call Number CS71.V399; LC Call Number CS599.V45. Citations: 0. Notes the origins of the family in France, its early social and economic status, important intermarriages, and possible causes of emigration to Louisiana. LH 23: 304-305. 351 Vinovskis, Maris A. Fertility in Massachusetts from the Revolution to the Civil War. New York: Academic Press, 1981. xii, 253 pp. ISBN 0127220402; OCLC 7672468; LC Call Number HB935 .M4 V53. Citations: 39. Attempts to sort out the reasons for declining birth rates in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century America. Looks at Massachusetts township fertility patterns between 1765 and 1860. Concludes that “the large decline in Massachusetts fertility was probably largely due to a decrease in martial fertility.” Explains that lack of land was not a large factor in fertility declines. IMH 79: 207-208; JAS 17: 159-60; WMQ 40: 475-77. 352 Wells, Robert V. Revolutions in Americans’ Lives: A Demographic Perspective on the History of Americans, Their Families, and Their Slavery. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1982. xvi, 311 pp. ISBN 0313230196; OCLC 7737042; LC Call Number HB3505 .W4. Citations: 43. Traces shifts in family structure from the seventeenth century to the twentieth, relating changes to wider movements in society. Discusses migration, birth control, medical procedures, disease, and socialization. WMQ 40: 626-28.

15 Rural Life, Agriculture, and Environment

353 Cronon, William. Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England. New York: Hill and Wang, 1983. xiii, 241 pp. ISBN 0809034050 (hbk.); ISBN 0809001586 (pbk.); OCLC 9413569; LC Call Number GF504. N5 C76. Citations: 398. Presents “an ecological history of colonial New England” that explains why the region’s habitats “changed as they did during the colonial period.” Explains that “Indian conceptions of property were central to Indian uses of the land” and contends that humans were the primary factors in ecological change. AgH 58: 508-509; AHR 89: 839; Ethnohistory 32: 72; JAH 71: 109-110; LJ 108: 1136; PHR 53: 506-508. 354 Gethyn-Jones, Eric. George Thorpe and the Berkeley Company: A Gloucestershire Enterprise in Virginia. Gloucester, U.K.: Sutton, 1982. 296 pp. ISBN 0904387836; OCLC 10230003; LC Call Number F229 .G46. Citations: 3. Describes the establishment and settlement of Berkeley Hundred, focusing on the massacre of 1622. Reproduces documents and letters, including depositions and wills, lists of settlers, and genealogical studies. Discusses thanksgiving and the decline and end of the Berkeley Hundred in 1637. Choice 20: 758. 355 Gibson, James R. Farming the Frontier: The Agricultural Opening of the Oregon Country, 1786-1846. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1985. xiii, 265 pp. ISBN 0295962976; OCLC 12132518; LC Call Number HD1773 .A9 G53. Citations: 23. Studies the Hudson’s Bay Company’s role in Pacific agricultural development, portraying as successful its efforts to sustain four posts. Describes also the

100 Books on Early American History and Culture efforts of the Puget Sound Agricultural Company and the leadership of farming communities up until the boundary settlement of 1846. AgH 60n4: 108-110; AHR 92: 204-205; CHR 68: 494-95; Hist 50: 105-106; JAH 73: 741; PHR 57: 361-63. 356 Greer, Allan. Peasant, Lord and Merchant: Rural Society in Three Quebec Parishes, 1740-1840. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1985. xvi, 304 pp. ISBN 0802025595 (hbk.); ISBN 0802065783 (pbk.); OCLC 12879116; LC Call Number HC117 .Q4. Citations: 76. Studies the economy and society of seigneuries in the lower Richelieu valley, particularly the feudal relationship between lords and peasants. Finds that the peasant economy was stable, regular, and based on subsistence and only tangentially related to the expanding merchant economies in Montreal and Quebec. AgH 60: 104-106; AHR 91: 1295; CHR 67: 404-406; Choice 23: 1130. 357 Heldman, Donald P. Archaeological Investigations at French Farm Lake in Northern Michigan, 1981-1982: A British Colonial Farm Site. Mackinac Island, Mich.: Mackinac State Park Commission, 1983. i, 142 pp. OCLC 10697011; LC Call Number F574 .F85 H44. Citations: 1. Examines a late eighteenth-century farmstead in northern Michigan, describing the farm and its artifacts. Notes that the site probably belonged to John Askin. Am Ant 50: 212. 358 Jones, Robert Leslie. History of Agriculture in Ohio to 1880. Kent, Oh.: Kent State University Press, 1983. x, 416 pp. ISBN 0873382900; OCLC 9575873; LC Call Number HD1775 .O3 J66. Citations: 16. Reviews Ohio’s geography, pioneer settlements, grain and lifestock production, the impact of technology, and the development of market relationships. AgH 61n1: 98-99; AHR 89: 1161; IMH 80: 176-77; JAH 71: 392; OH 94: 107108; PHR 55: 115-16. 359 Jordan, Terry G. Trails to Texas: Southern Roots of Western Cattle Ranching. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1981. xv, 220 pp. ISBN 0803225547; OCLC 6223340; LC Call Number F391 .J69. Citations: 53. Discusses the roots of Texas ranching, especially along the coastal corridor and upper South, the southeast and northeast prairies and the East Texas Piney Woods. Argues that “Great Plains cattle ranching in the open-range era . . . contained an important Anglo-American component, a component that derived ultimately from seventeenth-century South Carolina” and “that the case for Hispanic influence in the Great Plains has been consistently overstated.” PHR 51: 326-27. 360 Kelso, William M. Kingsmill Plantations, 1619-1800: Archaeology of Country Life in Colonial Virginia. Orlando, Fla.: Academic Press, 1984. xix, 236 pp. ISBN 0124034802; OCLC 10695091; LC Call Number F234 .K56 K45. Citations: 36.

Rural Life, Agriculture, and Environment 101 Reconstructs life in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Tidewater agrarian society based on excavations of plantations. Analyzes gardens, housing, and household goods in order to understand relations among owners and slaves. Am Ant 52: 879-80; Choice 22: 1562; JSH 53: 474-77; WMQ 43: 307-310. 361 Mackay-Smith, Alexander. The Colonial Quarter Race Horse. Richmond, Va.: Whittet and Shepperson, 1983. xxxiii, 328 pp. OCLC 10471618; LC Call Number SF357.55 .U6. Citations: 2. Traces the history of quarter horses in the colonies from their ancestors’ arrivals from England and Ireland in the seventeenth century to their development as a distinctive breed. Argues that quarter horses did not result from cross-breeding with Native American animals, but instead were bred from European animals specifically for quarter-mile race speed. NCHR 93: 359; VMHB 93: 359. 362 Martin, Cheryl English. Rural Society in Colonial Morelos. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1985. x, 255 pp. ISBN 0826307973; OCLC 11598890; LC Call Number HN120 .M58 M37. Citations: 43. Studies the region’s sugar production, disputes over water and land, demography, and life on haciendas and in Indian villages. Focuses on pre-1650 sugar exports in the region, and changes in land tenure and demography. Choice 23: 916. 363 Martin, Patrick Edward. The Mill Creek Site and Pattern Recognition in Historical Archaeology. Mackinac Island, Mich.: Mackinac Island State Park Commission, 1985. iii, 265 pp. OCLC 12773948; LC Call Number F574 .M16 M37. Citations: 0. Reports on the excavation of the Mill Creek farm and mill complex (1972-75), which operated during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. JER 6: 92. 364 Reitz, Elizabeth J. and C. Margaret Scarry. Reconstructing Historic Subsistence with an Example from Sixteenth-Century Spanish Florida. Pleasant Hill, Calif.: Society for Historical Archaeology, 1985. xvi, 150 pp. OCLC 12999603; LC Call Number HD9007 .F6 R4. Citations: 14. Discusses adjustments that Spanish colonists made to the New World. Uses archaeological data from St. Augustine and Santa Elena (South Carolina) to understand early food production and consumption, particularly the combining of traditional and indigenous foods. Am Ant 53: 881-82; FHQ 66: 458-60. 365 Stilgoe, John R. Common Landscape of America, 1580 to 1845. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1982. xi, 429 pp. ISBN 0300026994; OCLC 7976130; LC Call Number E169.1 .S85. Citations: 116. Compares the European and American practices, as well as regions within America. Examines New England towns, Pennsylvania farmsteads, the Piedmont’s stores and barns, and New Mexico adobe houses. Notes that

102 Books on Early American History and Culture Americans developed wood-clearing methods, separated house and barn system, nuclear family farming, and rectangular fields. AHR 88: 166; Choice 20: 340; GHQ 67: 100-101; JAH 70: 386-87; JAS 17: 46364; JSH 50: 99-101; PMHB 107: 299-300. 366 Tucher, Andrea J. Agriculture in America, 1622-1860: Printed Works in the Collections of the American Philosophical Society, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the Library Company of Philadelphia. New York: Garland, 1984. xviii, 212 pp. ISBN 0824089677; OCLC 10723990; LC Call Number Z5075 .U5 T83; LC Call Number S441 .T82. Citations: 9. Lists 2,221 items, including publication information and locations for each. Covers Pennsylvania and New England works particularly well. Includes scientific treatises, practical manuals, government documents, periodicals and pamphlets. AgH 59: 604-605; Choice 22: 543.

16 Religion

367 Adair, John. Founding Fathers: The Puritans in England and America. London: J.M. Dent, 1982. xii, 302 pp. ISBN 0460044214; OCLC 9235817; LC Call Number F7 .A18. Citations: 5. Introduces Puritans and Puritanism to the general reader, including the group’s origins and development, their education, leadership, family and community structures, and economy. Emphasizes secularism among Puritans on both sides of the Atlantic, particularly in politics and commerce. Choice 22: 164; History 69: 471; Hist Today 33: 49. 368 Adams, Dickinson W., ed. Jefferson’s Extracts from the Gospels: “The Philosophy of Jesus” and “The Life and Morals of Jesus”. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1983. xii, 438 pp. ISBN 0691046999; OCLC 9111733; LC Call Number BS2549 .J5 J43. Citations: 20. Publishes edited versions of “The Philosophy of Jesus” (1804) and “The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth” (ca. 1820), as well as some of Jefferson’s letters. Provides an introduction to Jefferson’s religious views, concluding that Jefferson was a “demythologized Christian,” not a deist. CH 54: 156; EAL 19: 304-307; JAAR 53: 144; JAH 74: 1335-36; NCHR 61: 26263; NY Rev Bks 30: 48; PMHB 109: 69-79; VMHB 93: 98-99; WMQ 41: 319-21. 369 Alderfer, E. Gordon. The Ephrata Commune: An Early American Counterculture. Pittsburgh, Penn.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1985. xiii, 273 pp. ISBN 0822938138 (hbk.); ISBN 0822958015 (pbk.); OCLC 11754955; LC Call Number F159 .E6 A43. Citations: 9. Examines the German pietist community in eighteenth-century Ephrata, Pennsylvania, which was under the direction of Conrad Beissel. Places the community in the context of Christian mysticism and explores Ephrata’s groups,

104 Books on Early American History and Culture its choral music, illuminated manuscripts, mystical publications, divisions within its leadership, the impact of the American Revolution on the community relationship with the wider world, Peter Miller’s role, and the offshoot Snow Hill cloister. Argues that it is “presumptuous to try to dissect the magical complexity of an inner spirit and psychic engine of a man like Beissel.” AHR 91: 1264; Choice 23: 1594; CH 57: 99-100; Penn Hist 53: 325; PMHB 110: 572-73. 370 Ames, William. The Marrow of Theology. Translated from Latin by John D. Eusden. Durham, N.C.: Labyrinth Press, 1983. xiii, 353 pp. ISBN 0939464144 (pbk.); OCLC 8954479; LC Call Number BX9421 .A4313. Citations: 26. Translates Ames’ treatise of 1623, which summarizes Puritan theology and individual spiritual experience, ideas that heavily influenced American colonial theologians, especially at Harvard and Yale. EAL 19: 99. 371 Bailey, David T. Shadow on the Church: Southwestern Evangelical Religion and the Issue of Slavery, 1783-1860. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1985. 293 pp. ISBN 0801417635; OCLC 11518597; LC Call Number E441 .B3. Citations: 10. Attempts “to make sense of the [Old Southwest] as a developing culture, as rich and complex in its way as the Southeast or New England were in theirs.” Studies the evangelical clergy’s views of slavery, arguing that late eighteenthcentury ministers were generally anti-slavery and that the issue became particularly contentious among the clergy during the Great Revival. Notes that in the 1820s and 1830s clergy members feared declension and therefore often ignored the issue; after 1830 ministers generally attacked abolitionism and favored missions to slaves. AHR 91: 989; CH 55: 122-23; GHQ 71: 509-511; JAH 72: 953-54; JER 6: 8081. 372 Bell, D.G., ed. The Newlight Baptist Journals of James Manning and James Innis. Hantsport, N.S.: Lancelot Press, 1984. xvii, 398 pp. ISBN 0889992517; OCLC 12390430; LC Call Number BX6495.M296. Citations: 12. Publishes journals of Manning and Innis, emphasizing tensions within the New Light movement, namely sectarian tendencies and efforts to find unity and identity among upheaval. Takes up relations among Baptists and Wesleyan Methodists, as well as more radical New Dispensationalists. CHR 67: 446-47; CH 56: 536-37. 373 Beverley, James and Barry Moody, eds. The Life and Journal of Henry Alline. Hantsport, N.S.: Lancelot Press, 1982. 268 pp. ISBN 0889991685; OCLC 9224421; LC Call Number BX6495.A44. Citations: 6. Offers a critical introduction to Alline and publishes Alline’s journal. Includes indexes of people, places, and biblical references. CH 53: 143.

Religion 105 374 Bolton, S. Charles. Southern Anglicanism: The Church of England in Colonial South Carolina. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1982. xiv, 220 pp. ISBN 0313230900; OCLC 7596226; LC Call Number BX5881 .B64. Citations: 15. Finds that the Anglican church’s “own morality did not exclude racism or slavery.” Argues that the South Carolina church was more successful than the church in neighboring colonies due to its moderation toward dissenters, the popular orientation of its liturgy, the power of the laity to accept or reject ministers, and the generous support of the SPG. AHR 88: 1057; CH 54: 249-50; GHQ 67: 220-22; JAH 70: 127-28; WMQ 40: 473-74. 375 Brinsfield, John Wesley. Religion and Politics in Colonial South Carolina. Easley, S.C.: Southern Historical, 1983. xiv, 176 pp. ISBN 089308333X; OCLC 9568875; LC Call Number BR555 .S6 B75. Citations: 6. Examines “the role that religion played in the political history of colonial South Carolina,” focusing on the establishment and disestablishment of the Anglican church, the emergence and impact of religious liberty, and the continued dominance of Anglicans in government through 1778. Argues that the established religion faced a continuous challenge from incoming dissenters and that disestablishment came with the help of moderate Anglicans. GHQ 68: 78-79; JAH 70: 870-71. 376 Burg, B.R. Richard Mather. Boston, Mass.: Twayne, 1982. 149 pp. ISBN 0805773649; OCLC 8169964; LC Call Number BX7260 .M368 B86. Citations: 9. Portrays Mather as a free thinker often in conflict with fellow ministers, congregation members, and governmental leaders. Studies the impact that Mather’s “literary techniques and ideological innovation had on the maturation of American literature and thought in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.” Contends that Mather’s style gradually became more “vituperative” over the course of his career, something that eventually would influence anti-George III sermons. EAL 18: 292-93. 377 Butler, Jon. The Huguenots in America: A Refugee People in New World Society. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1984. viii, 264 pp. ISBN 0674413202; OCLC 9557830; LC Call Number El84 .H9 B87. Citations: 42. Offers a review of the historical literature on Huguenots and a sketch of French Protestantism under Louis XIV. Discusses Huguenot immigration, and groups in Boston, South Carolina, and New York. Finds that Huguenots really disappeared by the mid-eighteenth century due to “the complexity of interactions among the astonishingly diverse forces that shaped preRevolutionary society.” In short, the groups were too small to maintain cohesion. AHR 90: 479; CH 53: 538-39; Choice 21: 1528; JAAR 53: 478; JAEH 4: 102103; JAH 71: 376-77; J Church State 37: 160; NYH 67: 121; WMQ 42: 136-38.

106 Books on Early American History and Culture 378 Caldwell, Patricia. The Puritan Conversion Narrative: The Beginnings of American Expression. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. x, 210 pp. ISBN 0521254604; OCLC 9083774; LC Call Number BX9354.2. Citations: 94. Examines conversion narratives, particularly 51 by church membership candidates at Cambridge between 1637 and 1644 and the 1653 “relations” for Dublin and London Independent congregations. Investigates the origins of public narratives and makes transatlantic comparisons of form, content, and tone. Finds that the New England narratives were typically gloomier, fragmentary, and focused on migration to America and the uncertainty it produced. AHR 91: 456; CH 53: 537-38; EAL 19: 218-24; JAS 19: 156-57; NEQ 57: 421; NY Rev Bks 31 (31 May 84): 33; WMQ 42: 131-34. 379 Chu, Jonathan. Neighbors, Friends, or Madmen: The Puritan Adjustment to Quakerism in Seventeenth-Century Massachusetts Bay. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1985. xiii, 205 pp. ISBN 0313248095; OCLC 11624272; LC Call Number F75 .F89 C47. Citations: 13. Describes Quakers as disruptive challengers of the Puritan establishment, but notes that members of the sect within Massachusetts were treated leniently by local Puritan leaders, especially in the courts and in the wake of the Stuart restoration. AHR 91: 727; CH 55: 379-80; Choice 23: 1128; WMQ 44: 382-83. 380 Codignola, Luca. Terre d’America e Burocrazia Romana: Simon Stock, Propaganda Fide e la Colonia di Lord Baltimore a Terranova, 1621-1649. Venice: Marsilio, 1982. 233 pp. OCLC 10691837; LC Call Number F1123 .C62. Citations: 8. Studies early efforts by English Catholics to establish a colony in North America. Pays particular attention to the work of Simon Stock, especially his correspondence with the sacred congregation in Rome. CHR 65: 108-109; JAH 70: 126-27. 381 Conforti, Joseph A. Samuel Hopkins and the New Divinity Movement: Calvinism, the Congregational Minstry, and Reform in New England between the Great Awakenings. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Christian University Press, 1981. viii, 241 pp. ISBN 0802818714; OCLC 7172453; LC Call Number BX7260 .H6 C66. Citations: 49. Recounts Hopkins’s life and his theological contributions after college and during the Great Awakening. Notes that Hopkins defined virtue as “disinterested benevolence toward God and our neighbors.” Argues that Hopkins’s religious leadership contributed to the characterization of the New Divinity as the prime New England theology. AHR 87: 846; CH 52: 231-38; EAL 17: 256; JAH 69: 430-31; WMQ 40: 148-50. 382 Cuthbertson, Brian C., ed. The Journal of the Reverend John Payzant. Hantsport, N.S.: Lancelot Press, 1981. xiii, 130 pp. ISBN 088999143X; OCLC 8248617; LC Call Number BX6495.P36. Citations: 5.

Religion 107 Entries cover, primarily, Nova Scotia religious life between 1760 and 1775, and the New Light movement. CH 52: 416. 383 Davis, Thomas M., Virginia L. Davis, and Betty L. Parks, eds. Edward Taylor’s Harmony of the Gospels. Delmar, N.Y.: Scholars’ Facsimiles and Reprints, 1983. 4 vols. ISBN 0820113794; OCLC 8345116; LC Call Number BT298 .T38. Citations: 1. Places Taylor in the Puritan and ancient religious traditions, noting that “all of Taylor’s extant prose is concerned primarily, if not exclusively, with his various attempts to know the person of Christ, or those aspects of doctrine that relate primarily to him.” EAL 19: 213-15. 384 DeProspo, R.C. Theism in the Discourse of Jonathan Edwards. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1985. 292 pp. ISBN 0874132819; OCLC 11841525; LC Call Number BT100 .E32 D4. Citations: 10. Examines the themes of creation, providence, and grace in Edwards’s writings. Rejects historiographical views of Edwards as “modern” and “humanistic.” EAL 21: 268-74; JAH 73: 454-55; J Relig 67: 376. 385 Edwards, Rem B. A Return to Moral and Religious Philosophy in Early America. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1982. xi, 275 pp. ISBN 0819124796 (hbk.); ISBN 081912480X (pbk.); OCLC 8474112; LC Call Number B878 .E38. Citations: 8. Studies Jonathan Edwards’s religious philosophy, Jefferson and the Enlightenment, and Emerson’s transcendentalism. CH 53: 257-58; JAH 69: 960-61. 386 Essig, James D. The Bonds of Wickedness: American Evangelicals Against Slavery, 1770-1808. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1982. xiv, 208 pp. ISBN 0877222827; OCLC 8688750; LC Call Number BR1642 .U5 E85. Citations: 17. Argues that the campaign against slavery during the Revolution was “a movement animated by religious concerns that cut across denominational boundaries.” Notes that evangelical spirituality among white evangelicals led to concern for—and even identification with—slaves. AHR 89: 196; Choice 20: 1153; CH 53: 402-403; GHQ 67: 559-60; JAH 70: 656-57; NCHR 60: 518-19; VMHB 93: 97-98; WMQ 42: 142-44. 387 Fiering, Norman. Jonathan Edwards’s Moral Thought and Its British Context. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, 1981. xiv, 391 pp. ISBN 0807814733; OCLC 6982501; LC Call Number BX7260 .E3 F53. Citations: 92. Examines Edwards’s philosophical ethics in contrast to the thought of Shaftesbury and Hutcheson. Studies Edwards’s opposition to “natural morality,” his teachings about hell and humanity, freedom and determinism, and

108 Books on Early American History and Culture virtue. Views Edwards as a defender of Christian ethics against the wider culture, yet still fairly moderate on a number of issues. AHR 87: 1152; CH 52: 382-83; EAL 18: 187-214; JAH 69: 685; JAS 16: 309310; PMHB 106: 287-90; WMQ 39: 689-93. 388 Frost, J. William, ed. The Records and Recollections of James Jenkins. New York and Toronto: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1984. liii, 634 pp. ISBN 0889468079; OCLC 10299474; LC Call Number BX7795 .J384 A37. Citations: 5. Contends that Jenkins’s memoir is “the most revealing source on the history of the Society of Friends” between 1760 and 1820. Gives Jenkins’s commentaries on Quakerism, literature, travel, and politics and characterizes Jenkins as “pious yet skeptical, indignant but tolerant, poor then prosperous, self-asserting though deferential.” Penn Hist 53:244-46. 389 Gaustad, Edwin S. A Documentary History of Religion in America: To the Civil War. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1982. xx, 535 pp. ISBN 0802818714 (pbk.); OCLC 8940467; LC Call Number BL2530 .U6 D625. Citations: 29. Collects documents on American religion, from contact between Europeans and Native Americans through the Civil War. Arranges items chronologically by topic, including traditional and non-traditional materials. Choice 20: 284; CH 53: 425-26; Chr Cent 100 (18 May 83): 507; LJ 107 (1 Oct 82): 1885. 390 Geddes, Gordon E. Welcome Joy: Death in Puritan New England. Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Research Press, 1981. 262 pp. ISBN 0835711811; OCLC 7271965; LC Call Number BT825 .G38. Citations: 13. Examines views about death in Puritan New England, arguing that, initially death was evil and seen as punishment for sin. Concludes that this view shifted, after about 1660, when preaching began to emphasize individual conversion as preparation for death. BHM 57: 450-57; Choice 19: 150-51; WMQ 39: 702-704. 391 Grenz, Stanley. Isaac Backus—Puritan and Baptist: His Place in History, His Thought, and Their Implications for Modern Baptist Theology. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1983. vii, 346 pp. OCLC 9683073; LC Call Number BX6495 .B32 G73. Citations: 3. Examines Backus’s life, thought, impact, and modern interpretations. Critiques Backus’s theology and application of his ideas to modern Baptist churches. CH 54: 252-53. 392 Gura, Philip. A Glimpse of Sion’s Glory: Puritan Radicalism in New England, 1620-1660. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1984. xvii, 398 pp. ISBN 0819550957; OCLC 10072527; LC Call Number F7 .G87. Citations: 77.

Religion 109 Provides case studies of Anne Hutchinson, Samuel Gorton, and William Pynchon and indicates high diversity among Separatists, Spiritists, Baptists, millenarians, and Quakers. Notes that differences among Puritans were “only a matter of degree, but it was precisely that that made Puritanism so volatile.” AHR 90: 478; Am Lit 57: 326; Choice 22: 610-611; CH 54: 123; EAL 20: 76-79; JAH 71: 855-56; NEQ 58: 104; NYT Bk Rev (1 April 84): 21; PMHB 109: 57778; WMQ 43: 124-27. 393 Hambrick-Stowe, Charles E. The Practice of Piety: Puritan Devotional Disciplines in Seventeenth-Century New England. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Institute for Early American History and Culture, 1982. xvi, 298 pp. ISBN 0807815187; OCLC 7975579; LC Call Number BV4490 .H3. Citations: 110. Looks at Puritanism as a devotional movement tied to a European spiritual revival begun in the sixteenth century. Examines the pilgrimage metaphor in Puritanism, especially after conversion, the so-called “godly conversation” that involved observation of the Sabbath, private and family devotions, meditation, and group meetings. AHR 88: 1317; Am Lit 55: 254; Choice 20: 1153; CH 53: 104-105; EAL 17:253; History 68: 445; JAAR 52: 175; JAH 70: 396; NEQ 56: 451; PMHB 108: 37981; WMQ 41: 141-43. 394 Hatchett, Marion J. The Making of the First American Book of Common Prayer, 1776-1789. New York: Seabury Press, 1982. 213 pp. ISBN 0816405123; OCLC 8132882; LC Call Number BX5945 .H38. Citations: 4. Reviews the impact of the Revolution on the Church and concludes that the Book was produced by a number of constituencies, not merely the Connecticut contingent. Argues that the 1789 Book resulted from a century and a half of debates within the Church of England. Choice 20: 286; CH 52: 511-12. 395 Heimert, Alan and Andrew Delbanco, eds. The Puritans in America: A Narrative Anthology. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1985. xviii, 438 pp. ISBN 0674740653 (hbk.); ISBN 0674740661 (pbk.); OCLC 10850863; LC Call Number BX9318 .P87. Citations: 35. Publishes “varieties of utterance, as they emerged concurrently in time, or as grouped around a single event or issue.” Notes that selections indicate “the Puritans responding to historical change, or participating in a succession of intellectual crises.” Stresses the “degree to which the New England mind was, at any moment, divided within itself.” EAL 20: 156-63; JAS 21: 136-38. 396 Herget, Winfried, ed. Studies in New England Puritanism. New York: Verlag Peter Lang, 1983. 235 pp. ISBN 3820478434; OCLC 9961581; LC Call Number F7 .S78. Citations: 3. Presents essays by German scholars for a 1981 conference on Puritan studies held in Mainz. Articles cover jeremiad and declension, anti-Puritan literature,

110 Books on Early American History and Culture witchcraft persecutions, sermon notes, meditational poetry, autobiography, and Puritan influences on the American language of “mission.” EAL 19: 226. 397 Johnston, A.J.B. Religion in Life at Louisbourg, 1713-1758. Kingston, Ont.: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1984. 223 pp. OCLC 11195197; LC Call Number BX1424 .L68 J63. Citations: 12. Studies Louisbourg as a garrison, commercial center, fishing port, and administrative center of Cape Breton (Ile Royale) and Prince Edward Island (He Saint-Jean). Focuses on the town’s three religious orders and the many difficulties they experienced. Finds that the town had high rates of illegitimacy and prenuptial pregnancy, that death and burial rituals differed from the rest of Canada, and that, prior to British takeover, townspeople worried about heresy and rape by soldiers. CHR 66: 276-77; WMQ 42: 281-82. 398 King, John O. The Iron of Melancholy: Structures of Spiritual Conversion in America from the Puritan Conscience to Victorian Neurosis. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1983. xiii, 457 pp. ISBN 0819550701; OCLC 9465817; LC Call Number E169.1 .K533. Citations: 24. Studies the role of melancholy in spiritual conversions, as evidenced in the work of Jonathan Edwards, Henry James, William James, Josiah Royce, James Jackson Putnam, and Max Weber. AHR 89: 1151; Choice 21: 1190; CH 53: 413; EAL 19: 99; JAH 71: 106; JAS 19: 116-18; LJ 108 (15 June 83): 1258. 399 Leonard, Bill J., ed. Early American Christianity. Nashville, Tenn.: Broadman Press, 1983. 415 pp. ISBN 0805465782 (pbk.); OCLC 9852912; LC Call Number BR515 .E24. Citations: 0. Publishes selections from Jonathan Edwards, Timothy Dwight, Peter Cartwright, Charles G. Finney, Bishop John Carroll, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Richard Furman, Alexander Campbell, William Bradford, Roger Williams, John Cotton and others, covering themes of frontier religion, pluralism, and utopianism. CH 54: 155-56. 400 Lesser, M.X. Jonathan Edwards: A Reference Guide. Boston, Mass.: G.K. Hall, 1981. lix, 421 pp. ISBN 0816178372; OCLC 7206563; LC Call Number PS742 .L47; LC Call Number Z8255.5 .L47. Citations: 9. Presents almost 1800 annotated entries on Edwards including books, articles, dissertations, and reviews, all presented chronologically. Also includes an introduction which discusses writing on Edwards from 1729 to 1978. Choice 19: 222; CH 52: 507-508. 401 Liebman, Seymour B. New World Jewry, 1493-1825: Requiem for the Forgotten. New York: Ktav Publishing House, 1982. xv, 271 pp. ISBN 0870682776; OCLC 8552742; LC Call Number F1419 .J4 L525. Citations: 9. Offers a sympathetic portrayal of Jews in America, particularly in Spanish America.

Religion 111 Choice 20: 1048. 402 Lovejoy, David S. Religious Enthusiasm in the New World: Heresy to Revolution. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1985. viii, 291 pp. ISBN 0674758641; OCLC 11261694; LC Call Number BR520. Citations: 60. Studies “the enthusiasts who migrated to the American colonies in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries” as well as “those who emerged there.” Defines enthusiasts as “a variety of unconventional but religiously devout sectarians who would not, could not, contain their zeal within the organized limits of religious convention” and who felt a “close, warm, emotional relationship with God.” Places this group in its European context and describes the characteristics of various groups, and the influence of enthusiasm on colonial ideas and life. Links early colonial “enthusiasm” with that of the Great Awakening and the Revolution. AHR 91: 457; GHQ 69: 385-86; JAH 72: 677-78; JAS 20: 311; Penn Hist 53: 237-38; PMHB 110: 185-86; VMHB 95: 381-82; WMQ 43: 130-33. 403 MacMaster, Richard K. Land, Piety, Peoplehood: The Establishment of Mennonite Communities in America, 1683-1790. Scottdale, Penn.: Herald Press, 1985. 340 pp. ISBN 083611261X (pbk.); OCLC 11044053; LC Call Number BX8116.M46. Citations: 11. Covers Mennonite European history from the group’s origins in the sixteenth century through settlement in America. Discusses settlement near Philadelphia and migration westward through Maryland and the Shenandoah Valley. Notes social and economic motivations for migration and the accumulation of wealth in America. Contends that Mennonites were not isolated, but rather were part of a larger German-speaking society subscribing to “the common idiom of European-derived Pietism.” AHR 92: 475; JAH 73: 176; Penn Hist 53: 231-32. 404 Manspeaker, Nancy. Jonathan Edwards: Bibliographical Synopses. New York: Edwin Mellen Press, 1981. xviii, 259 pp. ISBN 0889469075; ISBN 088946992X; OCLC 7553271; LC Call Number Z8255.5 .M35; LC Call Number BX7260 .E3. Citations: 3. Arranges entries on scholarship about Edwards alphabetically. Includes books, articles, and dissertations, along with annotations for most items. Also lists all of Edwards’s published works. Choice 19: 490; CH 52: 507-508. 405 Marietta, Jack D. The Reformation of American Quakerism, 1748-1783. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1984. xvii, 356 pp. ISBN 0812279220; OCLC 10183993; LC Call Number BX7636 .M37. Citations: 37. Traces changes in the Quaker ethic from pursuit of wealth and political power to a focus on inward piety and social change. Shows that in the late eighteenth century Quakers became more sectarian and withdrawn from public life and that such changes came about largely as a result of the efforts of a small group of reformers.

112 Books on Early American History and Culture AHR 91: 173; CH 54: 530-31; JAH 72: 392-93; JAS 19: 476-77; Perm Hist 52: 278-80; PMHB 109: 579-80; WMQ 43: 316-319. 406 Marini, Stephen A. Radical Sects of Revolutionary New England. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982. ix, 213 pp. ISBN 0674746252; OCLC 7736875; LC Call Number BR520 .M36. Citations: 61. Studies post-Great Awakening Shakers, Universalists, and Freewill Baptists in western and northern New England, from the death of George Whitefield through about 1820. Calls the late eighteenth-century revival in New England “the first large-scale popular rejection of Calvinistic beliefs and practices in New England.” Notes that after 1790 “stability was achieved and for the next two decades the hill country enjoyed the zenith of prosperity and the flowering of its Antifederalist culture.” AHR 87: 1457; CH 53: 108-109; JAH 69: 432; JAS 18: 147-48; WMQ 40: 33032. 407 Montgomery, Michael S. American Puritan Studies: An Annotated Bibliography of Dissertations, 1882-1981. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1984. xii, 419 pp. ISBN 0313242372; OCLC 10605310; LC Call Number Z1251 .E1 A54. Citations: 4. Includes about 940 entries arranged chronologically, along with author, short title, institutional, and subject indexes. CH 58: 247-48; EAL 20: 83. 408 Moore, John M., ed. Friends in the Delaware Valley: Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, 1681-1981. Haverford, Penn.: Friends Historical Association, 1981. 273 pp. OCLC 7821073; LC Call Number BX7607.P4 F74. Citations: 8. Presents essays on the establishment of the Friends meeting, its division and reunion, women’s equality, work with Indians, missions to Japan, and work with the American Friends Service Committee. Penn Hist 49: 221-22. 409 Oliver, Andrew and James Bishop Peabody, eds. The Records of Trinity Church, Boston, 1728-1830. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1981. xxxix, 519 pp. OCLC 7433714; LC Call Number F61 .C71. Citations: 4. Includes “Notes and Transactions of the Proprietors, 1728-1769” and “Vestry Minutes, 1739-1829.” Offers an historical introduction and appendices. Covers Anglican selection of ministers, liturgy, business proceedings, and relations with the larger church. CH 52: 538. 410 Pettit, Norman, ed. The Works of Jonathan Edwards. Vol. 7: The Life of David Brainerd. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1985. x, 620 pp. ISBN 0300030045; OCLC 10183535; LC Call Number BX7117 .E3. Citations: 11. Examines the life of David Brainerd (1718-1747), a missionary among the Indians and friend of Edwards. Compares Brainerd’s journal with Edwards’s version, revealing that Edwards edited out much of the evidence of Brainerd’s

Religion 113 depression and altered parts of Brainerd’s doctrine that Edwards viewed as objectionable. EAL 20: 256-70. 411 Phillips, Joseph W. Jedidiah Morse and New England Congregationalism. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1983. x, 290 pp. ISBN0813509823; OCLC 8626559; LC Call Number BX7260 .M57 P44. Citations: 12. Surveys Morse’s career as a minister in New England, training at Yale under Jonathan Edwards, Jr., writings, opposition to the excesses of the French Revolution, moderate Calvinism, role in the establishment of Andover, and “missionary” efforts among blacks and Native Americans. Characterizes Morse as a strategist and a “transitional figure between the traditional parish minister of the eighteenth century and the evangelical organizer of the nineteenth.” AHR 89: 515; JAH 71: 121-22; WMQ 41: 528-30. 412 Power, M. Susan. Before the Convention: Religion and the Founders. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1984. x, 257 pp. ISBN 081914133X (hbk.); ISBN 0819141348 (pbk.); OCLC 10851513; LC Call Number JA84 .U5 P66. Citations: 3. Contends that colonial political thought was “influenced by a series of eminent American covenant theorists rather than by John Locke,” including John Winthrop, Thomas Hooker, and John Dickinson. CH 56: 130-31. 413 Procter-Smith, Marjorie. Women in Shaker Community and Worship: A Feminist Analysis of the Uses of Religious Symbolism. Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen Press, 1985. xvii, 253 pp. ISBN 0889465339; OCLC 12188800; LC Call Number BX9765 .P76. Citations: 18. Seeks to “clarify both our understanding of historic Shakerism and its relevance to current issues” discussed by feminist thinkers. Traces the development of Shakerism from Mother Ann Lee to its formalization as “institutional communism” and worship. Stresses that Shakerism changed greatly over time in its theology and liturgy. Choice 23: 1729; CH 56: 263-64. 414 Rawlyk, George A., ed. The New Light Letters and Spiritual Songs. Hansport, N.S.: Lancelot Press, 1983. xvi, 361 pp. ISBN 088999188X; OCLC 10292801; LC Call Number BX6252 .N68 N48. Citations: 9. Presents an edition of New Light letters, hymns, and Henry Alline’s poetry, as well as letters from New Light critics like William Black and Bishop Charles Inglis. CH 53: 444. 415 Rawlyk, G.A. Ravished by the Spirit: Religious Revivals, Baptists, and Henry Alline. Montreal: Mc-Gill-Queen’s University Press, 1984. xii, 176 pp. ISBN 0773504397 (hbk.); ISBN 0773504400 (pbk.); OCLC 11585472; LC Call Number BX6252 .N68 R38. Citations: 21.

114 Books on Early American History and Culture Examines the evangelical tradition in Canada and the impact of mysticism on Baptists in the Maritimes and New England, and the New Light movement among women and children in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Describes Alline’s rejection of Calvinism and relations among various religious groups. CHR 66: 616-17; CH 54: 532-33. 416 Rogers, James A. Richard Furman: Life and Legacy. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1985. xxxii, 335 pp. ISBN 0865541515; OCLC 11548056; LC Call Number BX6495 .F85 R64. Citations: 3. Depicts Furman as the “wise architect for voluntary union among American Baptists” and one who shaped “the tomorrows of American Baptists.” Discusses Furman’s career in Charleston and the upcountry of South Carolina, his support for Baptist missionary and educational activities and his presidency of the Triennial Convention and of the South Carolina State Baptist Convention. Notes his support of the American Revolution, his service in the South Carolina Constitutional Convention, and his defense of slavery as a biblical institution. Concludes that he “laid the foundation, set the stage, illustrated the spirit, and established the climate that firmly committed Baptists to a structured denominational program.” CH 55: 122; JAH 72: 682; JSH 52: 451-52; NCHR 63: 254. 417 Sanford, Charles B. The Religious Life of Thomas Jefferson. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1984. ix, 246 pp. ISBN 0813909961; OCLC 10018703; LC Call Number E332.2 .S255. Citations: 21. Examines Jefferson’s religious views, particularly on Jesus, God, free will, toleration, reason, and the afterlife. Explains that Jefferson saw Jesus as a “great reformer and sublime moralist,” was “intrigued by the mystery of death and the romance of life,” and eventually came to “hope, if not firmly to believe, that there was life after death.” Notes that Jefferson was a deist whose “beliefs about God were not as radical as those of many of his contemporaries.” CH 55: 239-40; GHQ 69: 98-100; JAH 72: 136-37; JSH 51: 431-32; NCHR 62: 102-103; VMHB 93: 346-48; WMQ 42: 294-96. 418 Selement, George. Keepers of the Vineyard: The Puritan Ministry and Collective Culture in Colonial New England. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1984. vi, 122 pp. ISBN 0819138762 (hbk.); ISBN 0819138770 (pbk.); OCLC 10484205; LC Call Number F7 .S45. Citations: 10. Examines ideas of calling, evangelism, and publishing among the clergy toward the end of promoting “collective culture.” Argues that ministers were not isolated from Puritan popular culture, but instead participated in it and helped shape it. Contends that Puritan clergy shaped regional culture via pastoral care—education, counseling, and care for the sick and poor. AHR 94: 1471-72; CH 54: 246-47; EAL 19: 308; JAH 71: 855; WMQ 44: 13639. 419 Shaw, Richard. John Dubois: Founding Father. Yonkers, N.Y. and Emmitsburg, Md.: United States Historical Society and Mount Saint Mary’s

Religion 115 College, 1983. xviii, 200 pp. ISBN 0930060180 (hbk.); ISBN 0930060199 (pbk.); OCLC 10443950; LC Call Number BX4705 .D8. Citations: 4. Presents a biography of Dubois focusing on his flight from Revolutionary France, service to rural parishes in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, founding of Mount St. Mary’s College, and influence on Elizabeth Seton. NYH 67: 118-19. 420 Silverman, Kenneth. The Life and Times of Cotton Mather. New York: Harper and Row, 1984. x, 479 pp. ISBN 0060152311; OCLC 9971163; LC Call Number F67 .M43 S57. Citations: 64. Presents a scholarly biography of Mather, focusing on his religious, political, literary, and scientific impact on New England and his family and personal life. Characterizes Mather as “the first unmistakably American figure in the nation’s history.” AHR 90: 478; Choice 22: 184; EAL 19: 209-13; JAH 71: 606-607; JAS 19: 14546; WMQ 42: 263-67. 421 Simpson, Robert Drew, ed. American Methodist Pioneer: The Life and Journals of the Rev. Freeborn Garrettson, 1752-1826. Rutland, Vt.: Academy Books, 1984. ix, 433 pp. ISBN 0914960490; OCLC 11160216; LC Call Number BX8495 .G3 A34. Citations: 4. Describes the life and publishes the journals of Garrettson. Takes up his decision to free his own slaves and argue against slavery, his conscience-based refusal to take the Maryland loyalty oath during the Revolution, his disagreements with Francis Asbury, and his work in Nova Scotia and New York. CH 54: 418-19. 422 Soderlund, Jean R. Quakers and Slavery: A Divided Spirit. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1985. xii, 220 pp. ISBN 0691047324; OCLC 12053223; LC Call Number E441 .S7. Citations: 46. Examines Quaker meeting records, wills, inventories, and tax lists in order to compare Quaker slaveowners and non-slaveowners in various communities and to make some conclusions about wealth and status among Friends. Suggests that some Quakers had genuine interest in slaves’ welfare, while others were more interested in church purity and unity. Notes that the Philadelphia Meeting could officially reject slaveholding in 1776 because members had no economic stake in the institution. Choice 23: 1271-72; CH 55: 382-83; CJH 22: 116-17; GHQ 70: 758-59; Penn Hist 53: 326-27; PMHB 110: 579-80; WMQ 44: 139-41. 423 Stewart, Gordon T., ed. Documents Relating to the Great Awakening in Nova Scotia, 1760-1791. Toronto: The Champlain Society, 1982. xxxvii, 299 pp. OCLC 9449641; LC Call Number BV3777.C36 D63. Citations: 5. Includes excerpts from Henry Alline’s autobiography and the complete Records of the Church of Jebogue in Yarmouth, prepared by Jonathan Scott. Reveals Jebogue’s congregational difficulties over money, discipline, and revivalism. CHR 65: 284-85.

116 Books on Early American History and Culture 424 Storms, Samuel. Tragedy in Eden: Original Sin in the Theology of Jonathan Edwards. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1985. xii, 316 pp. ISBN 0819149365 (hbk.); ISBN 0819149373 (pbk.); OCLC 12370814; LC Call Number BT720 .S76. Citations: 0. Studies Edwards’s defense of original sin against John Taylor’s Arminian critique as well as Edwards’s notions of free will. Argues that, on original sin, Edwards’s thoughts were “the most lucid and convincing defense of . . . fundamental biblical truths since Paul penned Romans.” CH 55: 380-81. 425 Surratt, Jerry L. Gottlieb Schober of Salem: Discipleship and Ecumenical Vision in an Early Moravian Town. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1983. x, 243 pp. ISBN 0865540837; OCLC 9196276; LC Call Number BX8593 .S3 S95. Citations: 7. Discusses Schober’s life as storekeeper, paper manufacturer, land speculator, state legislator, and Lutheran pastor. Argues that Schober’s career illustrates the conflict between individual pursuit of profit and religious communitarianism. AHR 89: 842; CH 53: 445; JAH 71: 114-15; JSH 50: 302-303; NCHR 61: 106107. 426 Wagner, Hans-Peter. Puritan Attitudes Towards Recreation in Early New England. Frankfurt Am Main: Verlag Peter Lang, 1982. v, 267 pp. ISBN 382047286X; OCLC 9140190; LC Call Number BX9355.N35 W3. Citations: 6. Notes that Puritans defined recreation not only as sport, but also as games, convivial gatherings, and social events. Explores English attitudes toward recreation, Puritan theology and New England laws on recreation. Argues that Puritan leadership on the subject held a range of opinion and that social distinctions were significant. Concludes that the English background and American environment were more important than Puritan teachings in shaping attitudes toward recreation. CH 53: 396; JAS 17: 464-65. 427 Watson, David Lowes. The Early Methodist Class Meeting: Its Origins and Significance. Nashville, Tenn.: Discipleship Resources, 1985. xiv, 273 pp. ISBN 088170175 (pbk.); OCLC 26904105; LC Call Number BX8346 .W38. Citations: 4. Explores the background of the class meetings and its origins in other traditions like the Puritan “classis,” Anglican religious societies, and Moravian bands. Contends that, in the Methodist tradition, class meetings resulted from Wesley’s views of early ecclesiologies and soteriologies. CH 56: 137-38. 428 Weisman, Richard. Witchcraft, Magic, and Religion in 17th-Century Massachusetts. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1984. xiv, 267 pp. ISBN 0870234153; OCLC 9828438; LC Call Number KFM2478.8 .W5 W44. Citations: 54. “[A]ttempts to deal systematically with the entire history of witchcraft prosecutions in Massachusetts Bay.” Examines underlying beliefs about

Religion 117 witchcraft, witchcraft accusations and trials in the colony, and the theological basis of witchcraft. Contends that the two types of witchcraft beliefs—popular and theological—were irreconcilable; the former involved harming individuals, while the latter had to do with defiance of God. EAL 19: 300-303; JAH 71: 375-76; JAS 20: 308-309; WMQ 42: 276-78. 429 Weiss, Klaus. Grundlegung einer puritanischen Mimesislehre: Eine literatur—und geistesgeschichtliche Studie der Schriften Edward Taylors und anderer puritanischer Autoren. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, 1984. 323 pp. ISBN 3506708120; OCLC 12949954; LC Call Number PS850 .T2 Z8 W4. Citations: 2. Focuses on Taylor’s Christographia and Preparatory Meditations, arguing that he integrated imitatio naturae and imitatio Christi into his work. Discusses the Puritan views of both doctrines. EAL 21: 175-77. 430 Williams, Selma R. Divine Rebel: The Life of Anne Marbury Hutchinson. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1981. ix, 246 pp. ISBN 0030558468; OCLC 7465430; LC Call Number F67 .H92 W54. Citations: 7. Presents a feminist biography of Hutchinson, including details on domestic life, her trial, and exile from Massachusetts. Argues that all the “most brilliant and conscientious historians have dismissed Anne Hutchinson as a ‘babbling troublemaker.” Examines “the thinking and behavior of both Anne and her inquisitors in primeval New England” by “setting their lives and times firmly in the context of their long years in Old England.” Choice 19: 154; JAH 69: 681; OH 91: 101-103. 431 Williams, William Henry. The Garden of American Methodism: The Delmarva Peninsula, 1769-1820. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources for the Peninsula Conference of the United Methodist Church, 1984. xiv, 225 pp. ISBN 0842022279; OCLC 11400428; LC Call Number BX8248 .D3 W55. Citations: 8. Contends that “the radical Methodist message … produced a new breed of men and women on the Peninsula, whose pattern of behavior was quite at odds with the ‘ways of men.’” Looks at the history of Methodism on the Delmarva Peninsula, which runs from Delaware to the Eastern Shore of Maryland and Virginia. Discusses intellectual and institutional growth of Methodism from George Whitefield to Francis Asbury. Notes Methodist demography, economics, leadership and social hierarchy, as well as theology, women and stances on drinking and slavery. Choice 22: 738; CH 54: 443; JAH 72: 137-38; JSH 52: 447-48; VMHB 94: 11314; WMQ 42: 292-94. 432 Wilson, Robert J. The Benevolent Deity: Ebenezer Gay and the Rise of Rational Religion in New England, 1696-1787. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1984. xv, 311 pp. ISBN 0812278917; OCLC 9324566; LC Call Number BX7260 .G279 W54. Citations: 12.

118 Books on Early American History and Culture Traces Gay’s transformation from covenant Puritanism to “rational religion.” Stresses Gay’s opposition to creeds, his emphasis of “private judgment,” his Enlightenment Arminianism, his belief in human virtue and self-improvement, and his pastorship of Hingham. Choice 21: 1483; CH 54: 124-25; JAH 71: 607-608; WMQ 42: 138-40. 433 Woolverton, John Frederick. Colonial Anglicanism in North America. Detroit, Mich.: Wayne State University Press, 1984. 331 pp. ISBN 0814317553; OCLC 10324962; LC Call Number BX5881 .W65. Citations: 19. Studies the Church of England in the future U.S. prior to 1776, particularly the vestry system in Virginia, lay authority, the office of commissary, the church in New England, the SPG, missions to the non-English, and the interaction between Alexander Garden and George Whitefield. Notes that eventual “Americanization, understood as deference to provincial habits and prejudices, was a shared attitude which involved clergy and laity alike, Tory and Whig, high and low church people, even the imperially minded, as well as the provincially minded.” CH 57: 383-84; JAH 72: 391-92; PMHB 110: 290-92; VMHB 93: 457-58; WMQ 43: 319-21.

17 American Revolution

434 Akers, Charles W. The Divine Politician: Samuel Cooper and the American Revolution in Boston. Boston, Mass.: Northeastern University Press, 1982. xii, 445 pp. ISBN 0930350197; OCLC 7998748; LC Call Number F73.44 .C7 A38. Citations: 13. Argues that resistance to British rule in Boston was spearheaded by the wealthy in an effort to protect trade and that Cooper, pastor of Brattle Street Church, was intimately involved. Finds that Cooper publicly preached peace while privately hosting the likes of John Hancock, James Bowdoin, Joseph Warren, James Otis, and Samuel Adams. AHR 88: 1320; Choice 20: 638; CH 53: 254; JAH 70: 134-35; NEQ 56: 297; WMQ 40: 321-22. 435 Alden, John R. Stephen Sayre: American Revolutionary Adventurer. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1983. xii, 219 pp. ISBN 0807110671; OCLC 9283467; LC Call Number E302.6 .S33 A64. Citations: 6. Describes Sayre’s life in London and Europe, giving details on his business matters, politics, writings, diplomatic appointments, and role in the Revolution. AHR 89: 1147; Choice 21: 1188; JAH 71: 380-81; NCHR 61: 533-34; NYH 67: 120-21. 436 Allen, Robert S. Loyalist Literature: An Annotated Bibliographic Guide to the Writings on the Loyalists of the American Revolution. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1982. 63 pp. ISBN 091967061X (pbk.); OCLC 9899003; LC Call Number Z1238 .A43. Citations: 6. Offers bibliographic essays on “sources useful to an understanding and appreciation of the Loyalist contribution to Canada.” Includes general reference

120 Books on Early American History and Culture works and items on the Revolution, as well as the Loyalist diaspora and the Loyalist legacy. Choice 21: 801. 437 Anderson, William G. The Price of Liberty: The Public Debt of the American Revolution. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1983. xii, 180 pp. OCLC 8845424; LC Call Number HJ247 .A63. Citations: 7. Summarizes the financial history of the Revolution and studies debt certificates issued by various governments. Outlines difficulties with depreciating currency, fraud, and theft. Discusses powers of Congress under the Articles of Confederation with regard to military finance, securing foreign and domestic loans. NCHR 61: 275-76. 438 Antliff, W. Bruce. Loyalist Settlements, 1783-1789: New Evidence of Canadian Loyalist Claims. Toronto: Ministry of Citizenship and Culture, 1985. xvi, 423 pp. ISBN 0774398906 (hbk.); ISBN 0774398914 (pbk.); OCLC 14099927; LC Call Number F1058 .L85. Citations: 1. Reconstructs ten volumes of missing evidence from the Public Record Office, Audit Office 12, Series on Canadian Loyalist claims. Shows that several claimants received grants even though their applications had been rejected. CHR 68: 304-305. 439 Blakeley, Phyllis R. and John N. Grant, eds. Eleven Exiles: Accounts of Loyalists of the American Revolution. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1982. 336 pp. ISBN 0919670628 (hbk.); ISBN 0919670636 (pbk.); OCLC 9840914; LC Call Number E277 .E58. Citations: 4. Studies eleven Loyalists during the Revolution, eight white males, two females, and a black male. Finds that all fled to Canada and helped to establish communities there. Choice 21: 342. 440 Blanco, Richard L. The War of the American Revolution: A Selected Annotated Bibliography of Published Sources. New York: Garland, 1984. xxvii, 654 pp. ISBN 082409171X; OCLC 9785262; LC Call Number Z1238 .B55; LC Call Number E208 .B55. Citations: 0. Lists and annotates English-language literature on the Revolution through 1980. Covers military, social, racial, gender, and religious aspects of the Revolution. Includes more than 3,700 books, periodicals, dissertations, and official documents. Choice 21: 1437; LJ 109: 172. 441 Bogin, Ruth. Abraham Clark and the Quest for Equality in the Revolutionary Era, 1774-1794. Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson Press, 1982. 219 pp. ISBN 0838631002; OCLC 8111402; LC Call Number E302.6 .C55 B63. Citations: 10. Examines Clark’s life as a New Jersey revolutionary leader, his background as a sheriff and general assembly clerk, and his post-Revolution political career.

American Revolution 121 Portrays Clark as “a champion of individual liberties, an enemy to every form of privilege, and a protagonist of governmental concern for the lowlier segments of people.” AHR 89: 193; Choice 20: 880; History 69: 476; JAH 70: 652-53; WMQ 41: 16265. 442 Bridges, Edwin C. Georgia’s Signers and the Declaration of Independence. Atlanta, Ga.: Cherokee Publishing Co., 1981. xi, 106 pp. ISBN 0877970556; LC Call Number E221 .G43. Citations: 0. Offers introductory essays on events leading up to the Declaration of Independence and local factional politics of the eighteenth century, as well as detailed biographies of Lyman Hall, Button Gwinnett, and George Walton, and a piece on the descendants of the Georgia signers. AHR 87: 1457; GHQ 66: 81-82. 443 Brown, Wallace, and Hereward Senior. Victorious in Defeat: The American Loyalists in Canada. Toronto: Methuen, 1984. x, 230 pp. ISBN 0871969572; OCLC 11187582; LC Call Number E277 .B823. Citations: 8. Notes that Loyalists are still “an enigmatic group, widely interpreted, but little understood.” Covers the Revolution, Toryism, social, political and philosophical debate, loyalist migration, land distribution, republicanism, loyalist Native Americans, and loyalist historiography. CHR 66: 436-37; Hist Today 27: 92. 444 Butler, Lindley S., ed. The Narrative of Col. David Fanning. Davidson, N.C.: Briarpatch Press, 1981. 125 pp. OCLC 8015486; LC Call Number E278.F2 A36. Citations: 0. Publishes the journal of Fanning, a loyalist soldier in Georgia and the Carolinas who was involved in uprisings of 1778-79 and 1781-82. Choice 19: 1479. 445 Campbell, Colin, ed. Journal of an Expedition Against the Rebels of Georgia in North America. Darien, Ga.: Ashantilly Press, 1981. xvi, 139 pp. ISBN 0937044075 (hbk.); ISBN 0937044083 (pbk.); OCLC 7717654; LC Call Number E267 .G3. Citations: 1. Presents Archibald Campbell’s account of military activity in Georgia from 1778 to early 1779. Recounts the landing on the coast of Georgia below Savannah and the conquest of Augusta. GHQ 66: 82-83. 446 Chase, Philander D., ed. The Papers of George Washington. Revolutionary War Series. Vol. 1: June-September 1775. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1985. xxvii, 513 pp. ISBN 0813910404; OCLC 13533866; LC Call Number E312.72. Citations: 13. Documents cover Washington’s election as commander of the Continental Army, the British occupation of Boston, Benedict Arnold’s plans to assault Quebec, and correspondence with various leaders.

122 Books on Early American History and Culture AHR 91: 984; JAH 73: 182; NCHR 63: 138; PMHB 114: 423-37; WMQ 48:46973. 447 Coker, William S. and Robert R. Rea, eds. Anglo-Spanish Confrontation on the Gulf Coast During the American Revolution. Pensacola, Fla.: Gulf Coast History and Humanities Conference, 1982. xiv, 218 pp. ISBN 0940836165 (hbk.); ISBN 0940836173 (pbk.); OCLC 8805502; LC Call Number E230.5 .G83 A53. Citations: 3. Presents twelve essays on the conflict between Spain and England in North America during the Revolutionary War. Covers commerce in New Orleans, the role of Native Americans, military campaigns, the legacy of Spain, and Spanish historiography. FHQ 62: 200-202; GHQ 67: 292. 448 Coleman, Eleanor S. Captain Gustavus Conyngham, U.S.N.: Pirate or Privateer, 1747-1819. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1982. xii, 183 pp. ISBN 0819126926 (hbk.); ISBN 0819126934 (pbk.); OCLC 8708751; LC Call Number E207.C65 C64. Citations: 1. Presents a dramatic account of the career of Conyngham, portraying him as “fearless,” and “a master seaman.” Details his service in the navy during the American Revolution, his capture and imprisonment in England, escape, and later life. JAH 70: 655-56. 449 Countryman, Edward. The American Revolution. New York: Hill and Wang, 1985. vi, 280 pp. ISBN 0809025639 (hbk.); ISBN 0809001624 (pbk.); OCLC 11756162; LC Call Number E208 .C73. Citations: 40. Explains the important role of ordinary men and women in the American Revolution by following a shoemaker, a farm wife, a merchant, and a slave through the war. Offers a synthesis of scholarship on the Revolution for the general reader and an extensive bibliographical essay on historical interpretations of the Revolution. JAH 73: 733. 450 Countryman, Edward. A People in Revolution: The American Revolution and Political Society in New York, 1760-1790. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981. xviii, 388 pp. ISBN 080182625X; OCLC 7551670; LC Call Number E263 .N6 C68. Citations: 90. Concludes that the Revolution in New York was “a struggle for home rule as well as over the nature and practice of rule at home.” Finds that it caused “a fundamental redefinition” of political community and led to “an enlarged and rationalized set of formal institutions, and to the stabilization of a participatory political culture.” AHR 87: 1154; Choice 19: 1127-28; EAL 18: 102-110; GHQ 66: 386-88; JAH 69: 435; JAS 17: 302; LJ 106: 2234; NYH 63: 472-73; PMHB 106: 297-99; WMQ 40: 325-27.

American Revolution 123 451 Davis, Robert Scott, Jr. Thomas Ansley and the American Revolution in Georgia. Red Springs, N.C.: Ansley Reunion Press, 1981. 43 pp. OCLC 8431509; LC Call Number E263 .G3. Citations: 0. Examines the American Revolution in Georgia, particularly in the upcountry, and Ansley’s changing of sides during the conflict. GHQ 66: 79. 452 Diamant, Lincoln. Bernard Romans: Forgotten Patriot of the American Revolution. Harrison, N.Y.: Harbor Hill Books, 1985. 160 pp. ISBN 0916346560; OCLC 11785887; LC Call Number GA407 .R65. Citations: 3. Studies Romans, a Holland-born engineer, who joined the American revolutionary cause. Follows his career from his schooling in England and employment by the British government, to his work on Hudson River valley fortifications and cartography. Concludes that Romans was “a universal genius . . . a botanist, engineer, mathematician, artist, surveyor, engraver, writer, cartographer, linguist, soldier, [and] seaman” who “possessed many other talents, any one of which would have given distinction.” Choice 23: 1268; FHQ 65: 104-106; NYH 67: 368-69. 453 Dill, Alonzo Thomas. Carter Braxton, Virginia Signer: A Conservative in Revolt. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1983. xii, 284 pp. ISBN 0819132233 (hbk.); ISBN 0819132241 (pbk.); OCLC 9442288; LC Call Number E302.6 .B82 D55. Citations: 2. Examines the revolutionary career of Braxton, who served in the Virginia Assembly, Council of State and revolutionary conventions, as well as the Continental Congress. Studies his work as merchant, noting that Braxton suffered losses in supplying Revolutionary forces, which he never recovered. AHR 89: 846; Choice 21: 496; NCHR 61: 115-16. 454 Dull, Jonathan R. A Diplomatic History of the American Revolution. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1985. xii, 229 pp. ISBN 0300034199; OCLC 11785820; LC Call Number E249 .D859. Citations: 33. Describes the role of the American Revolution in European diplomacy. Argues that Europeans saw the event as important to the continent’s balance of power and notes that American victory came about largely from European military and diplomatic actions. AHR 91: 729; Choice 23: 788-89; CJH 22: 117-19; History 72: 471; JAH 73: 733; JAS 21: 279; JER 6: 92; LJ 110 (1 Nov 85): 94; PMHB 113: 462-64; Times Lit Supp (6 June 86): 612; WMQ 43: 682-85. 455 Eller, Ernest McNeill, ed. Chesapeake Bay in the American Revolution. Centreville, Md.: Tidewater Publishers, 1981. xxxv, 600 pp. ISBN 0870332554; OCLC 7551212; LC Call Number E230.5 .C42 C42. Citations: 8. Chronicles events in and around the Chesapeake, including battles and privateer movements. Argues that the keys to British suppression of the American rebellion were raids and blockades that “concentrated on America’s Achilles heel of water transport.” Seeks “to portray the dominant role of this inland sea and bordering lands in achieving independence.”

124 Books on Early American History and Culture AHR 87: 1458; Choice 19: 679; GHQ 66: 250-51; VMHB 90: 505-506; WMQ 40: 150-51. 456 Ferguson, E. James and John Catanzariti, eds. The Papers of Robert Morris, 1781-1784. Vol. 5: April 16-July 20, 1782. Pittsburgh, Penn.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1981. ISBN 0822934205; OCLC 632087; LC Call Number E302.6 .M8 A35. Citations: 2. Includes letters to and from the Office of Finance and the Marine Office. NCHR 62: 241-42; WMQ 40: 156-60. 457 Fingerhut, Eugene R. Survivor: Cadwallader Colden II in Revolutionary America. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1983. vi, 194 pp. ISBN 0819128686 (hbk.); ISBN 0819128694 (pbk.); OCLC 8953723; LC Call Number E278 .C67 F56. Citations: 5. Presents a biography of Colden (1722-1797), New York loyalist, from early life and imprisonment during the Revolution to life after the war. Underscores Colden’s survival abilities. AHR 89: 1388; Choice 21: 180; JAH 70: 651-52; NYH 65: 219-20; WMQ 41: 318-19. 458 Fliegelman, Jay. Prodigals and Pilgrims: The American Revolution Against Patriarchal Authority, 1750-1800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982. vii, 328 pp. ISBN 052123719X; OCLC 7597888; LC Call Number E163 .F58. Citations: 232. Analyzes late eighteenth-century changes in familial authority, namely the movement away from authoritarianism to mutual esteem. Contends that this metaphor explains the Revolution. Uses examples from fiction, drama, art, theology, and journalism. Argues that a cultural revolution was taking place in which “patriarchal family authority was giving way to a new parental ideal characterized by a more affectionate and equalitarian relationship with children,” and that this characterized the changing relationship between the colonies and England. AHR 88: 465; Am Lit 55: 454; Choice 20: 490; CH 52: 510-11; EAL 17: 249-51; History 68: 453; JAH 70: 132-33; NEQ 56: 455; NY Rev Bks 30 (3 Feb 83): 16; Times Lit Supp (22 Oct 82): 1169; WMQ 40: 481-83. 459 Fryer, Mary Beacock. John Walden Meyers: Loyalist Spy. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1983. 264 pp. ISBN 0919670733 (hbk.); ISBN 0919670725 (pbk.); OCLC 12373554; LC Call Number E278 .M49 F79. Citations: 2. Offers a biography of Meyers, who was born in New York in 1745 as Hans Waltermyer, worked as a tenant farmer near Albany, chose the British side in the Revolution, served as a spy, and later founded Belleville, Ontario. CHR 66: 119-20. 460 Gephart, Ronald M. Revolutionary America, 1763-1789: A Bibliography. 2 vols. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1984. xl, 1672 pp. ISBN 0844403598 (Vol. 1); ISBN 0844403792 (Vol. 2); OCLC 7204655; LC Call Number Z1238. Citations: 12.

American Revolution 125 Lists over 20,000 monographs, articles, dissertations, and pamphlets on the Revolutionary era published through 1972. Includes works on the Confederation period, the Constitution, and the economic, social, and political aspects of the Revolution. Represents “a guide to the more important printed primary and secondary works in the Library [of Congress] ’s collections.” Choice 22: 62, 64; GHQ 69: 94-95; IMH 81: 77-79; NCHR 61: 534-35; NYH 66: 468-69. 461 Godbold, Stanly, Jr. and Robert H. Woody. Christopher Gadsden and the American Revolution. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1982. xi, 302 pp. ISBN 0870493620 (hbk.); ISBN 0870493639 (pbk.); OCLC 8451666; LC Call Number E302.6 .G15 G62. Citations: 0. Explores Gadsden’s role in the Revolution, including his support of the Stamp Act Congress, call for colonial unity, organization of the non-importation movement, regimental command, political career, and lenient attitude toward loyalists. AHR 89: 515; Choice 20: 1652; GHQ 68: 88-89; JAH 70: 649-50; JSH 50: 110111; LJ 108(1 Jan 83): 45; NCHR 60: 371-72; WMQ 40: 638-40. 462 Handlin, Oscar and Lillian Handlin. A Restless People: Americans in Rebellion, 1770-1787. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1982. 274 pp. ISBN 0385061021; OCLC 6791123; LC Call Number El63 .H36. Citations: 6. Seeks to explain how Americans came to embrace the idea of Revolution. Attributes Americans’ struggle for independence to “the one impelling force of a people recklessly determined not to yield.” Contends that the environment and individuals’ “harsh” experiences inculcated the “habits of risk taking that made possible the plunge into war and independence” and “shaped ideas and beliefs that justified the chances taken.” AHR 88: 178; Choice 19: 1479; GHQ 66: 565-66; JAH 70: 399-400; LH 23: 416-17. 463 Hanley, Thomas O’Brien. Charles Carroll of Carrollton: The Making of a Revolutionary Gentleman. Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1982. x, 293 pp. OCLC 108910; LC Call Number E302.6.C3 H3. Citations: 5. Provides a positive assessment of Carroll, based on the author’s 1970 edition. CH 53: 559-60. 464 Hanley, Thomas O’Brien. Revolutionary Statesman: Charles Carroll and the War. Chicago, Ill.: Loyola University Press, 1983. x, 448 pp. ISBN 0829404074; OCLC 10118065; LC Call Number E302.6 .C3 H33. Citations: 6. Pays particular attention to Carroll’s political career, discussing his role in the Revolution. Argues that Carroll evolved from a “revolutionary gentleman” to a “revolutionary statesman,” who became “a conscious practitioner of statecraft.” Choice 21: 1044; JAH 71: 610-611; JSH 50: 468-69; PMHB 108: 367-75; WMQ 41:511-13.

126 Books on Early American History and Culture 465 Hargrove, Richard J. General John Burgoyne. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1983. 294 pp. ISBN 0874132002; OCLC 8051300; LC Call Number DA67.1 .B8 H37. Citations: 12. Presents a scholarly biography of Burgoyne, focusing particularly on Saratoga and the Revolution. Suggests that Burgoyne was a significant and complex figure in the eighteenth century, and had accomplished much as a playwright, poet, politician, and soldier. AHR 89: 427; Choice 20: 1522; CHR 64: 571-72; JAH 70: 654-55; JAS 18: 28889; NYH 67: 120; WMQ 40: 640-42. 466 Hast, Adele. Loyalism in Revolutionary Virginia: The Norfolk Area and the Eastern Shore. Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Research Press, 1982. xii, 227 pp. ISBN 083571277X; OCLC 7976129; LC Call Number E277 .H37. Citations: 13. Examines the property and social status of eastern shore loyalists and their military activities in the war. Notes that prior to 1775 colonists in the Norfolk area and the eastern shore worked together in protest of British policies but that, after Governor Dunmore fled to British ships in Portsmouth harbor expressions of loyalism became more frequent. Concludes that the presence of loyalism in the region was largely the result of the British military activity in the area. AHR 88: 177; Choice 20: 168; JSH 49: 110-111; VMHB 91: 113-14; WMQ 40: 322-24. 467 Hoffman, Ronald and Peter J. Albert, eds. Arms and Independence: The Military Character of the American Revolution. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia for the United States Capitol Historical Society, 1984. xii, 243 pp. ISBN 0813910072; OCLC 9785251; LC Call Number E209 .A75. Citations: 28. Contributions underscore that “The generals knew one war, while the political leaders, ensconced in the relative safety of Philadelphia, New York, and the state capitals, knew another.” Presents nine essays covering comparisons between the Revolution and twentieth-century terrorist wars, the Continental Army as a nationalizing force, the organization and institutionalization of the Continental Army, the role of the Philadelphia Militia in the establishment of Pennsylvania’s democratic constitution, protest and defiance among Continental soldiers, the idea of a standing army, disruptions in the economy, leadership of British forces, British army tactics, and military innovation arising from the Revolution. AHR 89: 1387; Choice 21: 1665; GHQ 68: 412-15; JAS 19: 146-47; JSH 51: 279-80; NCHR 61: 531-32; WMQ 42: 146-48. 468 Hoffman, Ronald, Thad W. Tate, and Peter J. Albert, eds. An Uncivil War: The Southern Backcountry During the American Revolution. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia for the United States Historical Society, 1985. xvi, 346 pp. ISBN 081391051X; OCLC 11133034; LC Call Number E230.5 .S7 U52. Citations: 50. Presents ten essays from a 1982 Washington, D.C. symposium on the southern backcountry. Includes articles on Virginia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and

American Revolution 127 Georgia. Essays generally show that settlers sought individual freedom and economic development. AgH 60: 303-304; AHR 91: 175-76; GHQ 69: 390-92; JSH 52: 95-97; NCHR 62: 496-97; VMHB 94: 226-27; WMQ 42: 542-44. 469 Idzerda, Stanly J., ed. Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776-1790. Vol. 4: April 1-December 23, 1781. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1981. xlvi, 538 pp. OCLC 2984634; LC Call Number E207 .L2. Citations: 10. Includes letters to and from Lafayette on the war in Virginia (April to June 1781), pursuit of Cornwallis (July and August 1781) and the victory at Yorktown. AHR 87: 250; JAH 68: 649-50; NYH 63: 102-104; VMHB 89: 492-94; WMQ 39: 719-21. 470 Idzerda, Stanly J. and Robert Rhodes Crout, eds. Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776-1790. Vol. 5: January 4, 1782-December 29, 1785. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983. xlvii, 468 pp. OCLC 2984634; LC Call Number E207 .L2. Citations: 2. Covers the period from Lafayette’s return to France to the end of 1785. Documents cover his efforts to increase Franco-American commerce, to strengthen the U.S. central government, and to promote freedom for American slaves. JAH 70: 874-75. 471 Jackson, John W. Whitemarsh 1777: Impregnable Stronghold. Fort Washington, Penn.: Historical Society of Fort Washington, 1984. xiii, 61 pp. OCLC 11841078; LC Call Number E233 .J29. Citations: 1. Studies Washington’s army after Germantown and prior to Valley Forge, the last three months of 1777. Portrays Washington as an optimist who attempted to keep morale high and British General Howe as a ruthless leader desperate for a victory. Penn Hist 53: 238-39. 472 Johansen, Bruce E. Forgotten Founders: Benjamin Franklin, the Iroquois and the Rationale for the American Revolution. Ipswich, Mass.: Gambit Publishers, 1982. xvii, 167 pp. ISBN 0876451113; OCLC 8115189; LC Call Number E99 .I7 J63. Citations: 32. Argues that “American Indians (principally the Iroquois) played a major role in shaping the ideas of Franklin (and thus, the American Revolution).” Contends that “There were few ideas in the [Declaration of Independence] (outside of the long list of wrongs committed by the Crown) that did not owe more than a little to Franklin’s and Jefferson’s views of American Indian societies,” particularly the “pursuit of happiness” and the “consent of the governed.” Notes that Franklin got ideas from the Iroquois “Concerning not only federalism, but concepts of natural rights, the nature of society and man’s place in it, the role of property in society, and other intellectual constructs that would be called into service by Franklin, as he and other American revolutionaries shaped an official

128 Books on Early American History and Culture ideology for the new United States.” Concludes that “Indian societies were as thoughtfully constructed and historically significant to our present as the Romans, the Greeks, and other Old World peoples.” Atlantic 251 (Feb 83): 105; Choice 20: 1052; IMH 79: 368-69; NYH 64: 325-27. 473 Klein, Milton M. and Ronald W. Howard, eds. The Twilight of British Rule in Revolutionary America: The New York Letter Book of General James Robertson, 1780-1783. Cooperstown: New York State Historical Association, 1983. xi, 274 pp. ISBN 0917334124; OCLC 10805573; LC Call Number E263 .N6 R63. Citations: 14. Publishes 86 letters and documents of Robertson, shedding light on everyday events and New York colonial politics, particularly the role of loyalists. CJH 20: 433-35; NYH 66: 451-52. 474 Lender, Mark E. and James Kirby Martin, eds. Citizen Soldier: The Revolutionary War Journal of Joseph Bloomfield. Newark: New Jersey Historical Society, 1982. xvii, 169 pp. ISBN 0911020055; OCLC 8345798; LC Call Number F131 .N62. Citations: 6. Underscores everyday activities and difficulties of mid-level Revolutionary officers. Covers the service of Bloomfield from February 1776 in Mohawk Valley through Fort Ticonderoga, Brandywine, and parts of New Jersey through 1782. Focuses on the time prior to his September 1777 wounding and discusses troop payments, courts martial, and the role of the Six Nations. Choice 20: 880; NYH 66: 207-208; PMHB 107: 643-44. 475 Lippy, Charles H. Seasonable Revolutionary: The Mind of Charles Chauncy. Chicago, Ill.: Nelson-Hall Publishers, 1982. xi, 179 pp. ISBN 0882296256; OCLC 7553380; LC Call Number BX7260 .C527 L56. Citations: 12. Examines Chauncy’s thought and his role in the Revolution, emphasizing his ability to put ideas “in a way ‘seasonable’ to time and circumstance without shattering the foundations of the estimated order.” AHR 88: 749; CH 52: 508-509; JAH 69: 959-60; WMQ 40: 147-48. 476 Lumpkin, Henry. From Savannah to Yorktown: The American Revolution in the South. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1981. xi, 332 pp. ISBN 087249408X; OCLC 7552891; LC Call Number E230.5 .S7 L85. Citations: 5. Reviews the southern campaigns of the Revolution, focusing on battles after 1780. Includes information on weapons, uniforms, units, and tactics. Choice 19: 812; FHQ 61: 87-88; GHQ 66: 76-77; JSH 48: 417-18; LH 23: 199200; VMHB 90: 382-83. 477 Magee, Joan. Loyalist Mosaic: A Multi-Ethnic Heritage. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1984. 246 pp. ISBN 0919670849 (hbk.); ISBN 0919670857 (pbk.); OCLC 12141163; LC Call Number E277 .M34. Citations: 8. Characterizes loyalists who fled to Canada as “wealthy, Anglican, and of English origin.”

American Revolution 129 CHR 67: 257-59. 478 Maier, Pauline. The Old Revolutionaries: Political Lives in the Age of Samuel Adams. New York: Random House, Vintage Books, 1982. xxii, 309 pp. ISBN 039475073X (pbk.); OCLC 7738608; LC Call Number E302.5 .M23. Citations: 42. Contains biographies of Samuel Adams, Isaac Sears, Thomas Young, Richard Henry Lee, and Charles Carroll, focusing on the contribution of each to the American Revolutionary cause. GHQ 67: 427; WMQ 39: 557. 479 Martin, Thomas S. Minds and Hearts: The American Revolution as a Philosophical Crisis. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1984. x, 212 pp. ISBN 0819138118 (hbk); ISBN 0819138126 (pbk.); OCLC 10301099; LC Call Number E210 .M37. Citations: 2. Explains the American Revolution in philosophical terms, as a struggle “between the integrative and self-assertive tendencies in each person.” Discusses law, rights and duties, the nature of colonies, representation, and sovereignty. Characterizes loyalists as integrative personalities and patriots as self-assertive. WMQ 43: 150-53. 480 Middlekauff, Robert. The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, 1763-1789. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982. xvi, 696 pp. ISBN 0195029216; OCLC 7577608; LC Call Number E173. Citations: 72. Seeks “an interpretive synthesis of recent scholarship” on the Revolution. Examines colonial society prior to the Revolution, as well as the Stamp Act Crisis, the Intolerable Acts, the Continental Congress, the War for Independence, and the adoption of the Constitution. Contends that typical American colonists “believed that their cause was glorious.” AHR 88: 1060; Choice 20: 338; CJH 19: 436-37; FHQ 62: 89-91; GHQ 67: 22427; IMH 79: 270-71; JAH 69: 964-65; JAS 17: 101-105; JSH 49: 601-603; OH 92: 157-58; WMQ 40: 455-58. 481 Miller, Randall M., ed. A Warm and Zealous Spirit: John J. Zubly and the American Revolution: A Selection of His Writings. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1982. xii, 211 pp. ISBN 0865540284; OCLC 8052690; LC Call Number E203 .Z8. Citations: 4. Publishes, edits, and annotates Zubly’s important political works, which reveal tension between his radical Whig views and his failure to endorse military action. Choice 20: 174; GHQ 66: 564-65; JSH 48: 562-63. 482 Moore, Christopher. The Loyalists: Revolution, Exile, Settlement. Toronto: Macmillan, 1984. x, 218 pp. ISBN 0771597819; OCLC 11001234; LC Call Number E277 .M76. Citations: 11. Draws upon loyalist diaries, papers, and claims to trace the background of the Revolution, and their forced exile and resettlement in the Maritime colonies and

130 Books on Early American History and Culture Quebec. Contends that loyalists were disorganized and offered no real alternative to the Revolution. CHR 66: 274-75; CJH 20: 433-35. 483 Moss, Bobby Gilmer. Roster of South Carolina Patriots in the American Revolution. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1983. xxiv, 1023 pp. ISBN 0806310057; OCLC 9252526; LC Call Number E263 .S7 M67. Citations: 0. Provides biographical information for more than 20,000 soldiers who fought against the British in South Carolina. Includes information on enlistment data, service, battles, names of commanding officers, rank, and disposition. Arranges entries alphabetically. JSH 50: 156-57. 484 Nadelhaft, Jerome J. The Disorders of War: The Revolution in South Carolina. Orono: University of Maine at Orono Press, 1981. xi, 310 pp. ISBN 0891010491; OCLC 8468509; LC Call Number E263 .S7 N34. Citations: 24. Covers politics and economics in South Carolina from the 1760s through 1790. Concludes that, though the Revolution changed the state’s government significantly, “firmly entrenched aristocrats were not thrown out wholesale” and “there was no democracy for all.” Choice 20: 170, 172; JAH 69: 965-66; JSH 49: 105-106; VMHB 91: 114-115; WMQ 40: 635-38. 485 Nordholt, Jan Willem Schulte. The Dutch Republic and American Independence. Translated by Herbert H. Rowen. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1982. xii, 351 pp. ISBN 0807815306; OCLC 8222644; LC Call Number E269 .D88 S3813. Citations: 21. Summarizes Dutch views of the Revolution and notes the American need for financial assistance from the Dutch Republic. Considers John Adams’s efforts to gain diplomatic recognition, the role of Amsterdam merchants, and the ideas of William V of Orange. AHR 88: 466; Choice 20: 749; JAH 70: 133-34; WMQ 40: 479-81. 486 Palmer, Gregory, ed. A Bibliography of Loyalist Source Material in the United States, Canada, and Great Britain. Westport, Conn.: Meckler, 1982. ix, 1064 pp. ISBN 0930466268; OCLC 6581600; LC Call Number Z1238 .B52. Citations: 6. Lists repositories of loyalist material and the relevant manuscript holdings of each. Describes collections and provides additional finding aids and pointers to background information. Lists American loyalist newspapers by colony and indexes loyalist imprints in America by author and title. JSH 49: 489; PMHB 108: 114-15. 487 Palmer, Gregory. Biographical Sketches of Loyalists of the American Revolution. Westport, Conn.: Meckler, 1984. xxxvi, 957 pp. ISBN 0930466144; OCLC 9644591; LC Call Number E277 .P24. Citations: 9.

American Revolution 131 Enlarges the work of Lorenzo Sabine published in 1864. Includes about 3,800 entries with additional information not available in Sabine’s second edition. JAS 19: 478-79; VMHB 93: 360-61. 488 Pancake, John S. This Destructive War: The British Campaign in the Carolinas, 1780-1782. Tuscaloosa, University of Alabama Press, 1985. xv, 293 pp. ISBN 0817301917; OCLC 9646417; LC Call Number E263 .S7 P36. Citations: 15. Examines the military and political contexts of the British southern campaign prior to Yorktown, shedding light on the exaggerated “purity and nobility of our patriotic ancestors.” Contends that the British lost Yorktown because of a longterm lack of military and political leadership. Says in particular that the British mistakenly overestimated loyalist numbers and underutilized loyalist troops. Concludes that “the loyalty of most Carolinians to either side did not run deep.” AHR 91: 459; Choice 22: 1692; FHQ 64: 452-53; GHQ 69: 392-94; JAH 72: 681-82; JSH 52: 293-94; NCHR 63: 122-23; PMHB 109: 582-83; VMHB 94: 114-15; WMQ 43: 153-55. 489 Pencak, William. War, Politics, and Revolution in Provincial Massachusetts. Boston, Mass.: Northeastern University Press, 1981. xvi, 314 pp. ISBN 0930350103; OCLC 7178895; LC Call Number F67 .P38. Citations: 27. Explains the transition of Massachusetts from support of English rule during the Glorious Revolution to a leading colony in the drive for independence. Argues that colonial wars resulted in British centralization of authority, that taxation tipped the balance in favor of the country faction within Massachusetts, and that British refusal to help the colony more directly economically after the colonial wars was critical. AHR 87: 1154; Choice 19: 813; JAH 69: 433-34; WMQ 39: 538-39. 490 Penrose, Maryly B. Indian Affairs Papers, American Revolution. Franklin Park, N.J.: Liberty Bell Associates, 1981. xviii, 395 pp. ISBN 0918940079; OCLC 6580106; LC Call Number E99 .I7 I38. Citations: 2. Offers a compilation of contemporary treaties, speeches, and correspondence which cover “the continuing efforts made by the American and British to each secure and maintain the support of the Six Nations in the [Revolutionary] War.” CHR 64: 95-96; NYH 64: 464. 491 Potter, Janice. The Liberty We Seek: Loyalist Ideology in Colonial New York and Massachusetts. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1983. x, 223 pp. ISBN 0674530268; OCLC 8928019; LC Call Number E277 .P67. Citations: 23. Examines loyalist thought in Revolutionary New York and Massachusetts, particularly the notion that the British empire was essentially unified but in need of internal change in government for the sake of stability. AHR 89: 513; Choice 21: 343; JAH 70: 653-54; NYH 67: 102-103; WMQ 41: 316-18.

132 Books on Early American History and Culture 492 Potts, Louis W. Arthur Lee: A Virtuous Revolutionary. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1981. xiv, 315 pp. ISBN 0807107859; OCLC 6708490; LC Call Number E302.6 .L38 P67. Citations: 12. Describes Lee’s education in England, his involvement in the radical Whig movement, his political writings, rivalries with Franklin and Silas Deane, career in Congress and as a member of the Board of Treasury, opposition to the Constitution, and role in shaping American diplomacy. Finds that Lee had a significant role in the “transmitting of the Real Whig component of the American Revolution.” AHR 88: 748; Choice 19: 436; FHQ 61: 193-95; JAH 69: 140-41; JAS 17: 294; JSH 48: 99-100; LH 22: 448-49; PMHB 106: 555-60; VMHB 90: 383-84; WMQ 41: 668-70. 493 Reid, John Philip, ed. The Briefs of the American Revolution. New York: New York University Press, 1981. 194 pp. ISBN 0814773842; OCLC 7464698; LC Call Number J87 .M417. Citations: 9. Examines in detail seven documents exchanged between Governor Hutchinson and the Massachusetts legislature after the Boston Declaration in 1772. Argues that these seven documents “constitute the most important constitutional debate of the prerevolutionary era” and concludes that all participants in the discussion recognized its importance. EAL 18: 102-109. 494 Reid, John Phillip. In Defiance of the Law: The Standing-Army Controversy, the Two Constitutions, and the Coming of the American Revolution. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981. viii, 287 pp. ISBN 0807814490; OCLC 6223069; LC Call Number UA25 .R44. Citations: 39. Studies standing army controversies in the context of interpretation of English law and various views of the British Constitution. Argues that colonial animosity was rooted in fears about centralized authority. Contends that historians have “assumed that law and constitutional restraints were irrelevant” to the Revolution. AHR 88: 177; Choice 19: 301; CJH 17: 157-59; EAL 18: 102-109; JSH 48: 103105; NCHR 58: 397-98; PMHB 106: 129-31; VMHB 90: 381-82; WMQ 40: 15154. 495 Richardson, Edward W. Standards and Colors of the American Revolution. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982. xvii, 341 pp. ISBN 0812278399; OCLC 8610522; LC Call Number E289 .R53. Citations: 8. Describes the various battle flags of the Continental army, state militias, and naval and privateer vessels. Notes that the banners were often colorful and creative, and drew upon many things for inspiration. Choice 20: 759-60; GHQ 67: 152; PMHB 107: 305-306. 496 Risch, Erna. Supplying Washington’s Army. Washington, D.C.: Center of Miliary History, United States Army, 1981. xiv, 470 pp. OCLC 6279378; LC Call Number E259 .R57. Citations: 11.

American Revolution 133 Examines the establishment and development of army supply and transport systems during the Revolutionary War, focusing on the commissariat, and the quartermaster, clothing, ordnance, and hospital departments. Describes personnel turnover, the roles of the Continental Congress and the French, and the actions of field commanders, noting the haphazard nature of supply activities. AHR 87: 1155; JAH 69: 436; JSH 48: 563-64; WMQ 40: 327-30. 497 Royster, Charles. Light-Horse Harry Lee and the Legacy of the American Revolution. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1981. xiii, 301 pp. ISBN 0394513371; OCLC 6891146; LC Call Number E207 .L5 R69. Citations: 22. Seeks to explain “what the revolution was all about.” Notes that “As a soldier, politician, investor, and historian, Lee touched many of the major events of American history between 1776 and 1815, and the eight-year war gave the dominant themes to this forty-year story.” Concludes that Lee “was not an original or profound thinker.” AHR 87: 847; GHQ 65: 49-50; JAH 68: 653-54; JSH 48: 100-101; NCHR 58: 400; OH 91: 98-99; PMHB 105: 495; VMHB 90: 385-86; WMQ 40: 154-56. 498 Sands, John O. Yorktown’s Captive Fleet. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia for the Mariner’s Museum, 1983. xxi, 267 pp. OCLC 9112278; LC Call Number E241 .Y6 S26. Citations: 7. Describes Cornwallis’s fleet, its strategy, and its role in logistical support during the 1781 southern campaign and battle of Yorktown. Discusses efforts to recover wrecked ships from the late eighteenth century to the twentieth. NCHR 61: 396-97; VMHB 93: 95-96. 499 Scribner, Robert L. and Brent Tarter, eds. Revolutionary Virginia: The Road to Independence. Vol. 6: The Time for Decision, 1776: A Documentary Record. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1981. xxvi, 594 pp. OCLC 10244098; LC Call Number E263 .V8 R3. Citations: 5. Includes almost 400 documents from January to May 1776, including records of the Virginia Committee of Safety and county committees, notes of the Continental Association, regulations and ordinances of the Continental Congress, records of the Virginia Convention and correspondence from the Committee of Safety to Virginia’s delegates to Congress, military commanders, and Revolutionary leaders of Maryland and North Carolina. FCHQ 57: 230-31; GHQ 66: 568-69; JSH 48: 416-17; VMHB 90: 504-505. 500 Searcy, Martha Condray. The Georgia-Florida Contest in the American Revolution, 1776-1778. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1985. x, 293 pp. ISBN 0817302255; OCLC 10483821; LC Call Number F319 .S2 S44. Citations: 7. Describes the struggle between East Florida and Georgia during the Revolution. Offers “primarily a narrative of who did what to whom and secondarily a consideration of the causes and consequences of those actions.” Argues that the British were successful due to experienced leadership and more motivated soldiers, many of whom were loyalists.

134 Books on Early American History and Culture AHR 91: 1265; Choice 23: 1271; FHQ 65: 107-108; GHQ 70: 134-36; JSH 53: 100; NCHR 64: 90; WMQ 45: 198-200. 501 Seineke, Kathrine Wagner. The George Rogers Clark Adventure in the Illinois and Selected Documents of the American Revolution at the Frontier Posts. New Orleans, La.: Polyanthos, 1981. xxxvii, 649 pp. OCLC 7933958; LC Call Number E234 .S44. Citations: 1. Includes documents—most previously published—generally in chronological order covering the French at Vincennes, the work of George Rogers Clark, baptisms, property records for the Mississippi valley, and legal cases. IMH 78: 259-60. 502 Shaw, Peter. American Patriots and the Rituals of Revolution. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981. viii, 279 pp. ISBN 0674026446; OCLC 6487469; LC Call Number E210 .S49. Citations: 48. Discusses patterns of expression in American resistance to Britain among crowds opposed to taxation and the leaders of Massachusetts. Argues that rituals like designation of Liberty Trees, burning in effigy, and tarring and feathering “predicted, anticipated, and even encouraged revolution.” Claims not to be “a historical interpretation of the Revolution in the strict sense,” but instead “a reading of its ritual language.” AHR 87: 249; Choice 19: 153-54; EAL 16: 285-87; GHQ 65: 280-81; JAH 68: 650-51; NYH 63: 100-101; PMHB 105: 345-48; WMQ 39: 548-51. 503 Showman, Richard K., ed. The Papers of Nathanael Greene. Vol. 3: 18 October 1778-10 May 1779. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Rhode Island Historical Society, 1984. xxxix, 543 pp. ISBN 0807815578; OCLC 2331814; LC Call Number E207 .G9 A3. Citations: 7. Covers Greene’s service as Quartermaster General and as Washington’s chief military advisor. Includes letters on supply, finance, and transport during a relatively quiet period of the American Revolution. Choice 21: 1666; JAH 71: 609-610; JSH 51: 277-79; NCHR 61: 532-33; WMQ 42: 149-51. 504 Shreve, L.G. Tench Tilghman: The Life and Times of Washington’s Aidede-Camp. Centreville, Md.: Tidewater Publishers, 1982. xxvi, 260 pp. ISBN 0870332937; OCLC 8669595; LC Call Number E207 .T57 S57. Citations: 4. Presents a chronological narrative of Tilghman’s life, arguing that though Tilghman was not a particularly important actor in the Revolutionary and early national periods, his life is instructive because of his experiences and presence at a number of important events in the nation’s early history. JAH 70: 404-405; WMQ 41: 162-65. 505 Sogrin, V.V. Osnovateli SShA : istoricheskie portrety. Moskva: Izd-vo "Nauka", 1983. 175 pp. OCLC 10724944; LC Call Number E302.5 .S64. Citations: 3. Examines the political careers of a number of important Revolutionary leaders, namely George Washington, Samuel Adams, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas

American Revolution 135 Jefferson, and James Madison. Covers events between 1765 and 1815, arguing that the American founders’ main contribution was national liberation from Old World feudalism and the authoritarianism embodied in the English monarchy. AHR 90: 214; 506 Stewart, Walter. True Blue: The Loyalist Legend. Toronto: Collins, 1985. 275 pp. ISBN 0002174685; OCLC 12990118; LC Call Number E277 .S84. Citations: 5. Offers a popular history of the loyalists covering the Revolution and years of exile. Demonstrates that loyalists were not one-dimensional ideologues, but rather a diverse, multi-ethnic and multi-religious group. CHR 67: 647. 507 Tarter, Brent and Robert L. Scribner, eds. Revolutionary Virginia: The Road to Independence. Vol. 7: Parts I & II, Independence and the Fifth Convention, 1776. A Documentary Records. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1983. xxvi, 857 pp. OCLC 10244098; LC Call Number E263 .V8. Citations: 6. Includes journals and papers of the Fifth Virginia Convention and records of the Virginia Committee of Safety. Documents discuss protection of settlers from loyalists and natives, instructions to delegates of the Philadelphia Congress, and the writing of the state constitution. GHQ 68: 87-88; JSH 50: 465-67; NCHR 61: 116-17. 508 Thomas, Earle. Greener Pastures: The Loyalist Experience of Benjamin Ingraham. Belleville, Ont.: Mika Publishing, 1983. 243 pp. ISBN 0919303765; OCLC 10653970; LC Call Number E278 .I53 T48. Citations: 6. Presents a biography of Ingraham, who grew up in the disputed King’s District of New York, held true to the King and Anglican Church, fought in the King’s American Regiment during the Revolution, and fled to Nova Scotia. Discusses life on the Canadian frontier and the manner of Ingraham’s survival. CHR 65: 591-92; NYH 66: 336-37; WMQ 42: 288-90. 509 Tucker, Robert W. and David C. Hendrickson. The Fall of the First British Empire: Origins of the War of American Independence. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982. viii, 450 pp. ISBN 0801827809; OCLC 8474186; LC Call Number E210 .T83. Citations: 42. Argues “that the expansion and collapse of the First British Empire was the consequence of a series of profound upheavals and challenges on the periphery and not the emergence of a new attitude toward empire in the metropolis.” Notes that “The British did in fact set out on a program of imperial reform in the 1760s, and in doing so they did introduce a number of measures, some of which were quite clearly novel. Those measures had the evident purpose of altering the existing state of affairs, over which the metropolis was unhappy and apprehensive, and of doing so through a general tightening of imperial ties. All this the British virtually conceded, though they insisted they were taking such measures to preserve the status quo.” AHR 88: 1059; GHQ 67: 379-81; JAH 70: 397-99; WMQ 40: 477-79.

136 Books on Early American History and Culture 510 Turner, Larry. Voyage of a Different Kind: The Associated Loyalists of Kingston and Adolphustown. Belleville, Ont.: Mika Publishing, 1984. 180 pp. ISBN 0919303811; OCLC 11352876; LC Call Number F1059.5.K5. Citations: 4. Follows the Associated Loyalists from the Revolution to settlement in Kingston and Adolphustown, focusing on leaders Peter Van Alstine and Michael Grass and their appeals for government support leading to the grant of five Lake Ontario townships in 1784. Concludes that settlers were persistent, but suffered from difficult relations with Quebec authorities. CHR 67: 306-307. 511 Walker, Paul K. Engineers of Independence: A Documentary History of the Army Engineers in the American Revolution, 1775-1783. Washington, D.C.: Historical Division, Office of the Chief of Engineers, 1982. xiv, 403 pp. OCLC 8021599; LC Call Number UG23 .W34. Citations: 8. Presents a history of the Corps of Engineers during the Revolution, noting its dependence upon foreign officers, lack of funds, congressional neglect, and the importance of defensive fortifications in the War. GHQ 66: 566-68; JSH 48: 465; Penn Hist 49: 296-97; WMQ 40: 327-30. 512 Williams, David R., ed. Revolutionary War Sermons. Delmar, N.Y.: Scholars’ Facsimiles and Reprints, 1984. 350 pp. ISBN 0820114006; OCLC 11134450; LC Call Number E297 .R38. Citations: 1. Collects ten sermons published in the American colonies between 1774 and 1777. Shows how pervasive millennial ideas were in sermons supporting the Revolution. EAL 20: 178. 513 Wright, Robert K., Jr. The Continental Army. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, United States Army, 1983. xviii, 451 pp. OCLC 8806011; LC Call Number UA25 .W84. Citations: 15. Describes the organization and deployment of the Continental Army. Contends that the Continental Congress helped to make the Army into a national, unified force by 1779. Argues that, in leadership and organization, leaders of the Continental Army “borrowed where appropriate” from European military practices, “but they were not afraid to be innovative.” Choice 20: 1655; GHQ 67: 556-57; JAH 71: 115-16; NCHR 60: 519; PMHB 108: 113-14; WMQ 41: 314-16. 514 Yazawa, Melvin. From Colonies to Commonwealth: Familial Ideology and Beginnings of the American Republic. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985. ix, 261 pp. ISBN 0801826268; OCLC 11235865; LC Call Number E188 .Y39. Citations: 35. Notes that “the erosion of paternal authority in the colonial family dovetailed nicely with the dissolution of the imperial family,” yet perceptions of world and self “lagged behind this societal transformation,” requiring “an alternative mode of perceiving civil relationships.” Focuses particularly on the role of education in this transformation and Washington as a mythic father to the nation.

American Revolution 137 Choice 23: 509; JAH 73: 183; JSH 52: 446-47; WMQ 43: 503-505.

18 War of 1812

515 Dudley, William S. and Michael J. Crawford, eds. The Naval War of 1812: A Documentary History. Vol. 1: 1812. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Navy, 1985. liv, 714 pp. OCLC 12834733; LC Call Number E360 .N35. Citations: 37. Presents significant documents on the War from both American and British sides, including descriptions of privateering organizations, impressment of seamen, and prisoner treatment. Choice 23: 1451; JER 6: 184-85; NCHR 63: 410-11; NYH 68: 449-50; PMHB 110: 583-84; WMQ 44: 152-54. 516 Everest, Allan Seymour. The War of 1812 in the Champlain Valley. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1981. viii, 239 pp. ISBN 0815622406; OCLC 7529204; LC Call Number E355.1 .C48 E93. Citations: 17. Describes the impact of the War on the Champlain region. Considers the raising and disbanding of armies, conflict within the fighting forces, and military campaigns. AHR 87: 533; CHR 62: 534-35; Choice 19: 300; JAH 68: 924; NYH 64: 443-45. 517 Fredriksen, John C. Free Trade and Sailors’ Rights: A Bibliography of the War of 1812. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1985. xii, 399 pp. ISBN 0313253846; OCLC 11043984; LC Call Number E354 .F744. Citations: 8. Seeks to present “all possible combinations of data including texts, articles, book chapters, dissertations and manuscripts” covering “virtually any aspect of the war—military, naval, political, religious, or economic.” Lists over 5,000 book and periodical citations on the War of 1812, as well as 110 manuscript collections. Arranges most items first geographically and then by topic.

140 Books on Early American History and Culture CHR 67: 110-111; Choice 22: 1612; GHQ 71: 368; IMH 83: 289; JAH 79: 173132. 518 Hatzenbuehler, Ronald L. and Robert L. Ivie. Congress Declares War: Rhetoric, Leadership, and Partisanship in the Early Republic. Kent, Oh.: Kent State University Press, 1983. xiv, 170 pp. ISBN 0873382927; OCLC 9575510; LC Call Number E357 .H28. Citations: 17. Seeks to “bridge a gap between present knowledge of causal agents [of the War of 1812] and continuing uncertainties over how they were activated” by shifting attention “from what caused the war to how it was declared.” Complains that “Prior research has been guided primarily by a search for causes as antecedents of the war, a narrative scheme that reduced the complexities of decision making to an overly simplistic reconstruction of human motivation and conduct.” Characterizes Jefferson’s first term as a success and his second as a failure and calls Madison the central political figure of the War of 1812. AHR 89: 1391; CJH 19: 444-46; Choice 21: 1359; JAH 71: 633; JSH 50: 471; PHR 54: 214-15; WMQ 41: 524-26. 519 Houser, Howard R. From Blacksmith to General: General Edmund Munger and the War of 1812 in Ohio. Centerville, Oh.: Centerville Historical Society, 1985. ii, 82 pp. OCLC 13340137; LC Call Number E3531 .M86 H68. Citations: 0. Tells the story of Munger, who came to Washington Township, became active in early Ohio politics, joined the militia, and served as a general in the War of 1812. OH 96: 93-94. 520 Nelson, Larry L. Men of Patriotism, Courage, and Enterprise! Fort Meigs In the War of 1812. Canton, Oh.: Daring Books, 1985. xiv, 156 pp. ISBN 0938936379 (hbk.); ISBN 0938936387 (pbk); OCLC 12161748; LC Call Number E356 .M5 N44. Citations: 0. Surveys the history of Fort Meigs and the larger western campaign of the War of 1812, taking note of the motivation of soldiers and the difficulties that commanders faced. Calls Indian tribes “the ultimate losers” in the War of 1812 since, “For enemy and ally alike, the dream of Indian autonomy was swept aside by the rush of westward expansion at the War’s conclusion.” OH 96: 84-85. 521 Owsley, Frank Lawrence. Struggle for the Gulf Borderlands: The Creek War and the Battle of New Orleans, 1812-1815. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1981. vii, 255 pp. ISBN 0813006627; OCLC 6042999; LC Call Number E355.1 .N5 O97. Citations: 15. Argues that the Creeks fought the U.S. on their own accord, without Spanish or British encouragement, but that the Spanish joined with them later in an effort to save Florida. Notes that, ironically, this drew American forces to the area who defeated the British at New Orleans. Sees the Creek War and New Orleans as a single campaign.

War of 1812

141

AHR 87: 251; Choice 19: 153; GHQ 65: 158-60; JAH 68: 659-60; JSH 48: 28384; LH 22: 442-43. 522 Smith, Dwight L. The War of 1812: An Annotated Bibliography. New York: Garland Publishing, 1985. xxiv, 340 pp. ISBN 0824089456; OCLC 11090869; LC Call Number Z1240 .S65; LC Call Number E354 .S65. Citations: 2. Lists 1,400 English-language items published through 1981. Cites books, articles, diaries, pamphlets, dissertations, official documents, speeches, poems, and songs. Offers annotations, a chronology of the War, and author and subject indexes. Choice 22: 1312. 523 Stagg, J.C.A. Mr. Madison’s War: Politics, Diplomacy, and Warfare in the Early American Republic, 1783-1830. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1983. xviii, 538 pp. ISBN 0691047022 (hbk.); ISBN 0691101507 (pbk.); OCLC 9393315; LC Call Number E357 .S79. Citations: 53. Examines the relationships between government and military in the early national period, studying the origins of the War and Madison’s view of factions and foreign policy. Argues that “the War of 1812 might be best understood as the sum total of the difficulties experienced by Americans after 1783 as they labored to establish their experiment in republican government on secure foundations.” Explores “why James Madison believed he could win a war against Great Britain, and win it, moreover, by seizing Canada” and “why the war occurred when it did.” Choice 21: 880; CJH 19: 340-41; GHQ 68: 415-16; IMH 80: 179-80; JAH 71: 117; JAS 18: 491-92; JSH 50: 636-38; NCHR 61: 407-408; OH 93: 187-88; PHR 53: 509-510; Penn Hist 51: 319-20; PMHB 108: 383-84; WMQ 41: 519-22. 524 Stanley, George F.G. The War of 1812: Land Operation. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada in collaboration with the National Museum of Man, 1983. xx, 419 pp. ISBN 0771598599; OCLC 10201332; LC Call Number E359.85 .S73. Citations: 13. Seeks “to write the history of the Canadian war as seen from the standpoint of the inhabitants of British North America.” Focuses on land operations on the U.S.-Canadian border. Argues that Canadian militias were more effective than the American forces and that the U.S. government declared war merely “to satisfy national honour and to acquire control over Canada—in brief, pride and acquisitiveness.” AHR 89: 1153; CHR 65: 587-88. 525 Wohler, J. Patrick. Charles de Salaberry: Soldier of the Empire, Defender of Quebec. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1984. 159 pp. ISBN 0919670776 (hbk.); 0919670768 (pbk.); OCLC 12175431; LC Call Number E359.85.S25. Citations: 2. Discusses the life and career of de Salaberry, focusing on combat experience against the French in Guadeloupe, Caribbean insurrections, and the Dominican and Martinique campaigns. Notes that de Salaberry was a skillful recruiter and

142 Books on Early American History and Culture able defender of Lower Canada who was distinguished at the battle of Chateauguay. CHR 67: 109-110.

19 Constitution

526 Allen, W.B. and Gordon Lloyd, eds. The Essential Antifederalist. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1985. xviii, 274 pp. ISBN 0819146315 (hbk.); ISBN 0819146323 (pbk.); OCLC 11785813; LC Call Number JK155 .E84. Citations: 10. Contains an introduction to Antifederalist thought, a timeline, and essays on the origins of Antifederalism by George Mason, Luther Martin, Elbridge Gerry, Thomas Jefferson and others. Essays also cover Antifederlist views on federalism and republicanism. JER 6: 74-75. 527 Crosskey, William Winslow and William Jeffrey, Jr. Politics and the Constitution in the History of the United States. Vol. 3: The Political Background of the Federal Constitution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981. xii, 592 pp. ISBN 0226121348; OCLC 7119829; LC Call Number KF451 .C7. Citations: 39. Argues that the Framers sought to create a national government, an intention set forth in the Preamble. Examines eighteenth-century meanings of words used in the Constitution. AHR 86: 1147; JAH 68: 655; PSQ 96: 505; WMQ 39: 552-54. 528 Epstein, David F. The Political Theory of the Federalist. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, 1984. ix, 234 pp. ISBN 0226212998; OCLC 9853463; LC Call Number JK155 .E64. Citations: 161. Discusses The Federalist from the perspective of political theory, focusing on government concepts put forth by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay. Explores “why and how The Federalist proposes to combine liberalism with a ‘strictly

144 Books on Early American History and Culture republican’ form of government.” Concludes that “The Federalist does offer an argument for wholly popular government.” AHR 90: 755; Choice 22: 339; JAH 71: 614-15; JAS 19: 465-66; New Republic 192 (10 June 85): 42; Times Lit Supp (24 May 85): 584; WMQ 42: 296-99. 529 Furtwangler, Albert. The Authority of Publius: A Reading of the Federalist Papers. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1984. 151 pp. ISBN 0801416434; OCLC 9894546; LC Call Number JK155 .F87. Citations: 47. Aims “to reassess these papers by looking closely at their form—by recognizing the literary strategies that shape their arguments and the conventions of political journalism which give meaning to the series as a whole.” Argues that “This series modified the tradition of eighteenth-century newspaper campaigning and so marked an important turn in the way constitutional questions could be posed before a large public.” Suggests that Hamilton may have written, or at least had a hand in writing Federalist No. 10, but concludes that “in the end this paper cannot bear the weight that most readers want to ascribe to it.” AHR 90: 755; Am Lit 57: 327; AAAPSS 482: 195; EAL 20: 81-82; JAH 71: 61415; WMQ 42: 296-99. 530 Kaminski, John P. and Gaspare J. Saladino, eds. The Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution. Vol. 13: Commentaries on the Constitution: Public and Private, 21 February to 7 November 1787. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1981. xlvii, 632 pp. OCLC 8690057; LC Call Number KF4502 .D63. Citations: 36. Publishes documents related to ratification, particularly debates in over 75 newspapers. Includes other documents, presenting items in chronological order. GHQ 67: 558; JSH 49: 111-13; NYH 64: 77-79; Penn Hist 52: 44-46; WMQ 44: 643-46. 531 Kaminski, John P. and Gaspare J. Saladino, eds. The Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution. Vol. 14: Commentaries on the Constitution: Public and Private, 8 November to 17 December 1787. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1983. xxvi, 565 pp. OCLC 8690057; LC Call Number KF4502 .D63. Citations: 25. Contains documents on the Constitutional debate that appeared in pamphlets, broadsides, newspapers and magazines in late 1787. Includes 19 Antifederalist and 28 Federalist articles, two Antifederalist speeches and one Federalist speech, and various letters. GHQ 68: 633-34; JSH 51: 280-81; NCHR 61: 535-36; NYH 65: 395-97; Penn Hist 52: 44-46; WMQ 44: 643-46. 532 Kaminski, John P. and Gaspare J. Saladino, eds. The Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution. Vol. 15: Commentaries on the Constitution: Public and Private, 18 December 1787 to 31 January 1788. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1984. xxiv, 620 pp. OCLC 8690057; LC Call Number KF4502 .D63. Citations: 17. Includes essays by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, Roger Sherman, Oliver Ellsworth, Tench Coxe, Noah Webster, Alexander Contee Hanson, Francis

Constitution 145 Hopkinson, Rufus King, David Ramsay, Edmund Randolph, Benjamin Rush, Ezra Stiles, George Washington, Benjamin Workman, George Bryan, Robert Yates, Luther Martin, John Quincy Adams, Samuel Adams, Timothy Pickering, George Clinton, Elbridge Gerry, James Warren and John Lansing, Jr. Also contains commentaries from newspapers, broadsides, and pamphlets. GHQ 69: 451; JSH 52: 294-95; NCHR 62: 508-509; NYH 66: 332-33; Penn Hist 53: 239-41; WMQ 44: 643-46. 533 McDonald, Forrest. Novus Ordo Seclorum: The Intellectual Origins of the Constitution. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1985. xiii, 359 pp. ISBN 0700602844; OCLC 12214284; LC Call Number JA84 .U5 M43. Citations: 273. Examines influences on the Constitution like Scottish philosophy, natural rights and natural law theory, law and legal institutions, republicanism and “tensions between communitarian consensus and possessive individualism.” Argues that revolutionaries accepted republicanism at the beginning of the War but that events like Shays’ Rebellion convinced the founders that public virtue was insufficient to protect liberty and property. Explains that compromise at the Constitutional Convention was based on experience, not theory. AHR 92: 1029; Choice 23: 1450-51; GHQ 71: 117-119; IMH 82: 385-86; JER 6: 177-78; JSH 53: 101-102; NCHR 63: 547-48; Penn Hist 54: 77-78; WMQ 43: 679-82. 534 Morris, Richard Brandon. Witnesses at the Creation: Hamilton, Madison, Jay and the Constitution. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1985. vii, 279 pp. ISBN 003062956X; OCLC 11677013; LC Call Number E303 .M887. Citations: 23. Serves as a companion to a 1986/87 television show on the bicentennial of the Constitution. Emphasizes the roles of Hamilton, Jay and Madison in creating the Constitution. AHR 92: 479; Choice 23: 920; Penn Hist 53: 241-42. 535 Onuf, Peter S. The Origins of the Federal Republic: Jurisdictional Controversies in the United States, 1775-1787. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1983. xvii, 284 pp. ISBN 0812278895; OCLC 9324562; LC Call Number JK316 .O58. Citations: 62. Discusses “the American state system” prior to ratification of the Constitution and the relationship of states to the central government and each other. Argues that the origins of federalism are “to be found in the history of the American state system.” Examines “American concepts of statehood and union” as demonstrated in jurisdictional conflicts, especially among Pennsylvania, Virginia, New York, and Vermont. Explores “the connections between jurisdictional issues and national constitutional reform” and concludes that “the Constitution would not have been possible without prior development of concepts of statehood and union.” AHR 89: 846; Choice 21: 1191; IMH 82: 109-110; JAH 71: 113-14; NYH 65: 397-98; Penn Hist 51: 318-19; PMHB 109: 88-89; WMQ 42: 151-53.

146 Books on Early American History and Culture 536 Pacheco, Josephine F. The Legacy of George Mason. Fairfax : George Mason University Press, 1983. 149 pp. ISBN 0913969001; OCLC 9826540; LC Call Number E302.6 .M45 L33. Citations: 5. Publishes essays on the contributions of Mason, noting that he was a prime proponent of the U.S. Bill of Rights and heavily influenced many state bills of rights. Articles examine the protection of rights from a tyrannical majority, judicial activism, emanating rights, and political freedom and human rights in Asia. AHR 89: 1389; 537 Panagopoulos, E.P. Essays on the History and Meaning of Checks and Balances. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1985. xix, 294 pp. ISBN 0819149969 (hbk.); ISBN 0819149977 (pbk.); OCLC 12552969; LC Call Number JK305 .P36. Citations: 2. Includes eight essays that take up the origins of the idea of checks and balances, primarily in ancient Greece and medieval, Renaissance, and early modern Europe. Discusses the Framers’ familiarity with the idea through classical education, the conservative nature of checks and balances, and the erosion of balance among government branches over the course of two centuries. WMQ 43: 505-507. 538 Schechter, Stephen L., ed. The Reluctant Pillar: New York and the Adoption of the Federal Constitution. Troy, N.Y.: Russell Sage College, 1985. xiii, 255 pp. ISBN 0930309006 (pbk.); OCLC 11291011; LC Call Number JK161 .N7 R45. Citations: 9. Essays examine aspects of the New York ratification convention held in Poughkeepsie in July 1788. NYH 67: 245-47. 539 Shumate, T. Daniel, ed. The First Amendment: The Legacy of George Mason. Fairfax, Va.: George Mason University Press, 1985. 201 pp. ISBN 0913969052; OCLC 11726862; LC Call Number KF4770 .F57. Citations: 2. Essays examine Mason’s life, ideas, and influence and explore, in particular, the establishment clause, original intent of the Framers, the First Amendment’s Anglo-American background, and the role of women in the development of religious freedom. VMHB 94: 371; WMQ 44: 654-56. 540 Storing, Herbert J., ed. The Anti-Federalist: Writings by the Opponents of the Constitution. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, 1985. viii, 374 pp. ISBN 0226775658 (pbk.); OCLC 11133209; LC Call Number JK155 .C6525. Citations: 27. Presents an abridged version of The Complete Anti-Federalist. Summarizes the historiography of the debate over the ratification of the Constitution. Argues that there was fundamental theoretical agreement among Antifederalists, but a great deal of subtle variety within the group. GHQ 69: 295.

Constitution 147 541 Storing, Herbert J., ed. The Complete Anti-Federalist. 7 vols. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, 1981. 1755 pp. ISBN 0226775666 (set); OCLC 7553893; LC Call Number JK155 .C65. Citations: 384. Includes all the known important writings of the Antifederalists during the 178788 ratification debates. Includes annotations that identify authors and sources. Arranges writings by state and chronologically. AHR 88: 467; Choice 19: 1314; JAH 69: 687-89; JSH 48: 564-66; Penn Hist 50: 56-57. 542 Wills, Garry. Explaining America: The Federalist. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1981. xxii, 286 pp. ISBN 0385146892; OCLC 6737213; LC Call Number JK155 .W54. Citations: 189. Explores David Hume’s influence on James Madison, and Madison’s own conceptions of republicanism. Notes that Publius thought that interests were “to be excluded so far as possible from the public arena,” while Madison believed that “the regulation of those various and interfering interests forms the principal task of modern legislation and involved the spirit of party and faction in the necessary and ordinary operations of government.” Choice 18: 1479; JAH 68: 923; JAS 16: 480-81; NYH 62: 473-74; VMHB 89: 365-67; WMQ 39: 370-75.

20 Politics and Government

543 Abbott, W.W. and Dorothy Twohig, eds. The Papers of George Washington. Colonial Series. Vol. 1: 1748-August 1755. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1983. xxviii, 390 pp. ISBN 0813909120; OCLC 7947187; LC Call Number E312.72. Citations: 11. Documents include letters to family members, land surveys, grants and deeds, and military commissions. Topics covered include Washington’s business dealings, activities against the French, and management of slaves. Also includes a short bibliography and index. AHR 89: 845; GHQ 68: 81-83; JAH 76: 583-84; JAS 18: 129-30; LJ 108: 391; NCHR 60: 383-84; Penn Hist 51: 87-89; VMHB 91: 510-11; WMQ 41: 137-40. 544 Abbott, W.W. and Dorothy Twohig, eds. The Papers of George Washington. Colonial Series. Vol. 2: August 1755-April 1756. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1983. xxvi, 385 pp. OCLC 7947187; LC Call Number E312.72. Citations: 10. Documents cover Washington’s business dealings and his appointment as colonial in the Virginia militia, as well as his recruiting instructions, orders, and military expenditures. Also includes a short bibliography and index. AHR 89: 845; GHQ 68: 81-83; JAH 76: 583-84; JAS 18: 129-30; LJ 108: 391; NCHR 60: 383-84; Penn Hist 51: 87-89; VMHB 91: 510-11; WMQ 41: 137-40. 545 Abbott, W.W., ed. The Papers of George Washington. Colonial Series. Vol. 3: April-November 1756. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1984. OCLC 7947187; LC Call Number E312.72. Citations: 10. Includes documents on Washington’s efforts to get a British army commission, his military service, letters to family members, comment on military law, battles in the French and Indian War, land surveying, management of slaves, recruiting,

150 Books on Early American History and Culture affairs at Mount Vernon, plans for forts, relations with Indians, and financial management. GHQ 69: 450-51; JAH 76: 583-84; NCHR 62: 238-39; WMQ 48: 469-73. 546 Abbott, W.W., ed. The Papers of George Washington. Colonial Series. Vol. 4: November 1756-October 1757. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1984. OCLC 7947187; LC Call Number E312.72. Citations: 3. Documents cover Washington’s attempts to get a British commission, his letters to the Virginia government, his orders to subordinates, and negotiations with Indians. GHQ 69: 450-51; JAH 76: 583-84; NCHR 62: 238-39; VMHB 103: 125; WMQ 48: 469-73. 547 Alden, John R. George Washington: A Biography. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1984. ix, 219 pp. ISBN 0807111538; OCLC 10230924; LC Call Number E312 .A58. Citations: 19. Offers a biography of Washington that emphasizes the Revolutionary years, his presidency, and his life at Mount Vernon. Contends that Washington “was in youth no brilliant forest Napoleon” and “would not become in maturity an American Julius Caesar.” Notes that Washington “had displayed no remarkable ability in maneuvering troops in battle,” and had “offered fulsome and insincere flattery to British generals in vain attempts to win great favor.” Characterizes Washington as “youthfully arrogant” and “jealous of competitors, tactless, and ungrateful.” Still, concludes that, despite many negative qualities, Washington showed a remarkable “capacity to grow” and “there was power within him.” America 152: 220; AHR 90: 1004; Choice 22: 736; FHQ 64: 199-201; GHQ 69: 233-34; JAH 72: 132-33; JAS 19: 426-27; LJ 109: 892; NCHR 62: 102-103; NY Rev Bks 31: 47; NYT Bk Rev (5 Aug 84): 9; VMHB 94: 112-13. 548 Allen, David Grayson, ed. The Adams Papers. Series I. Diaries. Diary of John Quincy Adams. Vol. 1: November 1779-March 1786. Cambride, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1982. lxii, 415 pp. ISBN 0674204204; OCLC 7464673; LC Call Number E377 .A22. Citations: 7. Covers Adams’s travel to and education in Europe, and his return to America and enrollment at Harvard. AHR 88: 179; Choice 20: 335; LJ 107: 986; PMHB 107: 153-55; WMQ 41: 16769. 549 Allen, David Grayson, ed. The Adams Papers. Series I. Diaries. Diary of John Quincy Adams. Vol. 2: March 1786-December 1788. Cambridge, Mass.: The Balknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1982. xiv, 521 pp. ISBN 0674204204; OCLC 7464673; LC Call Number E377 .A22. Citations: 9. Primarily covers Adams’s law education in Newburyport, Massachusetts. AHR 88: 179; Choice 20: 335; LJ 107: 986; PMHB 107: 153-55; WMQ 41: 16769.

Politics and Government 151 550 Allen, W.B., ed. Works of Fisher Ames. 2 vols. Indianapolis, Ind.: Liberty Classics, 1983. 1618 pp. ISBN 0865970130 (hbk.); ISBN 0865970165 (pbk.); OCLC 9686821; LC Call Number E302 .A52. Citations: 18. Offers a brief biographical sketch and includes essays and letters from Ames. Documents cover time in Congress, his Federalist viewpoint, support of the Jay Treaty, and comments on events of the times. Natl Rev 36 (9 March 84): 48; WMQ 41: 678-79. 551 Austin, Aleine. Matthew Lyon: “New Man ” of the Democratic Revolution, 1749-1822. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1981. xii, 192 pp. ISBN 027100262X; OCLC 5946509; LC Call Number E302.6 .L9 A95. Citations: 12. Describes Lyon’s background, emigration from Ireland, participation in the Revolution at Fort Ticonderoga and Saratoga, business dealings, political career in Vermont, his Antifederalism, service in Congress, trial on sedition, and movement to—and career in—Kentucky. Characterizes Lyon as someone who benefited from opportunities arising from the Revolution, concluding that “the general pattern of Lyon’s political career indicates that he combined principle with opportunism throughout his life.” AHR 87: 534; Choice 19: 148; FCHQ 56: 342-44; JAH 68: 652-53; PMHB 106: 555-60; WMQ 39: 551-52. 552 Bailey, N. Louise and Elizabeth Ivey Cooper. Biographical Directory of the South Carolina House of Representatives. Vol. 3: 1775-1790. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1981. xii, 909 pp. OCLC 695753; LC Call Number JK4278. Citations: 3. Presents sketches of Revolutionary and Constitutional era members of the South Carolina legislature. Notes that “Approximately 675 members could be classified as planters or farmers” and that “at least 604 actually owned a total of 46,730 slaves, an average of 77.37 slaves per person.” GHQ 65: 155-56. 553 Birkner, Michael. Samuel L. Southard: Jeffersonian Whig. Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1984. 269 pp. ISBN 0838631606; OCLC 9620416; LC Call Number E340 .S68 B57. Citations: 5. Presents a biography of Southard (d. 1842), emphasizing his transition from “pastoral republican” to entrepreneur after the War of 1812, and from National Republican to Jeffersonian Whig. Recounts his legal and political careers and characterizes Southard as a money-seeker to whom fame and power were secondary. AHR 90: 487; NYH 66: 337-38; PMHB 109: 89-91. 554 Boyd, Julian P., ed. The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Vol. 20: 1 April to 4 August 1791. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1982. OCLC 9795777; LC Call Number E302 .J463. Citations: 14. Includes letters on Jefferson’s plan for the capital city of the United States, and reflections on Indian and foreign affairs. Also contains many documents on the French Revolution.

152 Books on Early American History and Culture GHQ 67: 293; JAH 74: 1332-34; JAS 18: 154-55; PMHB 109: 69-79; WMQ 55: 657-60. 555 Boyd, Steven R., ed. The Whiskey Rebellion: Past and Present Perspectives. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1985. xii, 212 pp. ISBN 0313245363; OCLC 11291120; LC Call Number E315 .W65. Citations: 28. Anthologizes literature on the Whiskey Rebellion, focusing on competing interpretations. Offers a chronology of events in western Pennsylvania between 1791 and 1795 and nine interpretive essays which take up historiography, opposition to excise taxes in Kentucky, the Rebellion as a political movement, eastern opposition to excise taxes, the legal issues in the Rebellion, and suggestions for further research. Also includes four contemporary accounts of the Rebellion. AHR 91: 460; Choice 23: 790; JER 6: 178-79; Penn Hist 53: 328-29; PMHB 110: 582-83; WMQ 43: 507-510. 556 Brighton, Ray. The Checkered Career of Tobias Lear. Portsmouth, N.H.: Portsmouth Marine Society, 1985. 375 pp. ISBN 0915819031; OCLC 11187698; LC Call Number E312.17.L38 B75. Citations: 2. Examines the career of Lear, Washington’s private secretary, focusing on Lear’s possible role in destroying presidential papers, his close relationship with President Jefferson, mission to Santo Domingo, service as consul general to the Barbary states, treaty negotiations with the Pasha of Tripoli, and his eventual suicide. JAH 72: 680-81. 557 Brown, Imogene E. American Aristides: A Biography of George Wythe. Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1981. 324 pp. ISBN 0838621422; OCLC 6356851; LC Call Number KF363.W9 B76. Citations: 10. Discusses Wythe’s legal and political careers and deals with inaccurate interpretations of the lives of both Wythe and Thomas Jefferson. AHR 89: 514; Choice 18: 1600-1601; VMHB 90: 506-507. 558 Brown, Stephen W. Voice of the New West: John G. Jackson, His Life and Times. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1985. xxv, 262 pp. ISBN 0865541620; OCLC 11842283; LC Call Number E340 .J25 B76. Citations: 5. Presents a biography of Jackson, frontier land investor and politician. Examines Jackson’s family, education, political career, and business transactions. Says Jackson “is among those American leaders of secondary rank whose lives and careers elucidate the nation’s history and add depth and dimension to the broad outlines shaped by the great figures who towered above them.” AHR 91: 462; JAH 72: 946; NCHR 63: 125-26; VMHB 94: 230-31. 559 Bullion, John L. A Great and Necessary Measure: George Grenville and the Genesis of the Stamp Act, 1763-1765. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1982. xvi, 317 pp. ISBN 0826203752; OCLC 8283107; LC Call Number HJ1013 .B84. Citations: 24.

Politics and Government 153 Seeks to understand “how and why Grenville and his colleagues reached the fateful decisions” of 1763-65. Contends that Grenville “displayed on many occasions a readiness to make his own investigations of problems, to reach his own conclusions, and to attempt to implement new approaches—even in the teeth of expert opinion and opposition.” Concludes that “Grenville was determined to do all he could to achieve that ‘great and necessary measure,’ to insure that the American colonies would help to pay their defense and subordinate themselves to Britain politically.” AHR 89: 119; Choice 20: 1650; History 69: 327; JAH 70: 872-73; JAS 18: 27980; Times Lit Supp (27 May 83): 551; WMQ 41: 159-61. 560 Bushman, Richard L. King and People in Provincial Massachusetts. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, 1985. viii, 280 pp. ISBN 0807816248; OCLC 10779595; LC Call Number F67 .B97. Citations: 42. Examines the importance of the royal charter, the appointment of the House speaker, and the royal governor’s role in Massachusetts’ political culture leading to the Revolution. Concludes that “Whereas public good at the beginning of the [eighteenth] century had implied the denial of private interests for the sake of more transcendent values,” by 1765 it “contained the promise also that government would serve private interests. The civil authority was to act as the public’s agent, not as its disciplinarian.” AHR 91: 457-58; Choice 23: 187-88; EHR 103: 742; JAH 72: 678-79; NEQ 58: 614; PMHB 111: 117-21; WMQ 43: 669-71. 561 Buxbaum, Melvin H. Benjamin Franklin, 1721-1906: A Reference Guide. Boston, Mass.: G.K. Hall, 1983. xxiii, 334 pp. ISBN 0816179859; OCLC 8689132; LC Call Number E302.6 .F8 B938. Citations: 9. Seeks to describe all works “in all languages and fields that are entirely or substantially on Benjamin Franklin.” Arranges works chronologically and then by author. Booklist 81: 492; Choice 21: 60; EAL 18: 291-92; LJ 108: 41; Penn Hist 51: 8687. 562 Cain, Robert J., ed. The Colonial Records of North Carolina. Second Series. Vol. 6: North Carolina Higher Court Minutes, 1724-1730. Raleigh: North Carolina Division of Archives and History, 1981. lxi, 791 pp. OCLC 7941566; LC Call Number KFN7919.A4. Citations: 3. Documents cover the turbulent final year of the proprietary government in the colony, especially disputes between George Burrington and Richard Everard and decisions of the General Court, the Court of Chancery, and the Court of Vice Admiralty. Organizes items chronologically by court session. Includes indexes of names, crimes, places, subjects, and legal actions. GHQ 66: 561-63; NCHR 60: 100. 563 Cain, Robert J., ed. The Colonial Records of North Carolina. Second Series. Vol. 7: Records of the Executive Council, 1664-1734. Raleigh: North

154 Books on Early American History and Culture Carolina Division of Archives and History, 1984. lxvii, 763 pp. OCLC 7941566; LC Call Number KFN7919.A4. Citations: 2. Publishes the records of the colony’s Executive Council, which served as the colony’s high court, upper legislative house, and executive and administrative body. Covers the late proprietary era and the beginning of royal government. JSH 62: 558; NCHR 62: 722-23. 564 Chesnutt, David R., et al, eds. The Papers of Henry Laurens. Vol. 10: December 12, 1774-January 4, 1776. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press for the South Carolina Historical Society, 1985. xxxvi, 700 pp. OCLC 424582; LC Call Number E302 .L3. Citations: 7. Documents cover Laurens’ time as president of the Provincial Congress, chairman of the General Committee, and president of the Council of Safety. Items take up dangers of Indian attacks and slave rebellion, and loyalist troubles. FHQ 65: 220-21; GHQ 70: 186; NCHR 63: 262. 565 Clark, Ronald W. Benjamin Franklin: A Biography. New York: Random House, 1983. viii, 530 pp. ISBN 0394502221; OCLC 8493148; LC Call Number E302.6 .F8 C54. Citations: 19. Downplays Franklin’s role in important events (for example, the Stamp Act repeal “had been brought about, very largely, by the reaction of mercantile magnates” and Franklin was simply one “among the men who had swayed the balance.”) Says that Franklin’s “ambition to succeed could at times become offensive” and that he frequently exaggerated. Am Lit 56: 107; Choice 20: 1519-20; CSM (11 Feb 83): 1; EAL 18: 303; Economist 287 (16 April 83): 101; JAH 70: 650-51; LJ 108 (15 Jan 83): 125; NYT Bk Rev (6 Feb 83): 23; Penn Hist 51: 177-78; Times Lit Supp (16 Sept 83): 984. 566 Cooke, Jacob Ernest. Alexander Hamilton. New York: Scribners, 1982. vi, 282 pp. ISBN 0684173441; OCLC 7923897; LC Call Number E302.6 .H2 C73. Citations: 22. Offers “one student’s version of the career of a ‘great man’ whose life is intrinsically interesting and who was instrumental in building, launching, and navigating a new nation that would in time fulfill his aspirations and dreams for it.” Argues that at Annapolis, Hamilton was no more important than “other prominent members or even comparatively obscure delegates.” AHR 87: 1458; Choice 19: 1628; JAH 69: 686-87; NYH 65: 313; Penn Hist 50: 57-59; PMHB 107: 308-310; VMHB 91: 119-20. 567 Cooper, William J. Liberty and Slavery: Southern Politics to 1860. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1983. viii, 309 pp. ISBN 0394532899 (hbk.); ISBN 0394323823 (pbk.); OCLC 9393701; LC Call Number F213 .C68. Citations: 32. Describes the development of southern politics through the beginning of the Civil War in an effort to explain secession. Argues that slaveholders saw attacks on slavery as efforts to make southerners servile and that, therefore, the defense of liberty and slavery were linked in the minds of southerners.

Politics and Government 155 AHR 90: 491; Choice 21: 876; FHQ 62: 507-509; GHQ 68: 267-69; JAH 71: 123-24; LJ 108 (1 Sept 83): 1704; NCHR 61: 119-20. 568 Cullen, Charles T., ed. The Papers of John Marshall. Vol. 4: Correspondence and Papers, January 1799-October 1800. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press in association with the Institute of Early American History and Culture, 1984. xxx, 365 pp. ISBN 0807812331; OCLC 915868; LC Call Number E302 .M365. Citations: 8. Collects correspondence of Marshall during his time as Secretary of State and his service in Congress. Takes up relations with Britain, Spain, France, the Barbary states, and Santo Domingo. FCHQ 59: 380-82; GHQ 69: 451-52; JAH 75: 1313-14; NCHR 62: 107-108; VMHB 93: 216-18; WMQ 45: 202-204. 569 Cuthbertson, Brian C. The Loyalist Governor: Biography of Sir John Wentworth. Halifax: Nimbus Publishing, 1983. 176 pp. ISBN 0919380433; OCLC 10353471; LC Call Number F1038 .W45. Citations: 5. Traces the life of Wentworth (1737-1820), governor of New Hampshire, loyalist exile, surveyor general in Halifax, and lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia. Characterizes Wentworth as an intellectual, a keen administrator and conservationist, loyalist leader, and proponent of infrastructure development. CHR 66: 120-21. 570 Cuthbertson, Brian C. The Old Attorney General: A Biography of Richard John Uniacke. Halifax: Nimbus Publishing, 1981. vi, 150 pp. ISBN 0920852076; OCLC 7212566; LC Call Number KE406 .U55. Citations: 0. Argues that Nova Scotia politics was characterized by the struggle between “an inflexible and a liberal conservatism.” Notes that Uniacke, who favored the Anglican establishment in the province, was responsible “for much of the religious bitterness that engulfed Nova Scotia in the first decades of the 19th century.” CHR 63: 266-67. 571 Dabney, Virginius. The Jefferson Scandals: A Rebuttal. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1981. x, 154 pp. ISBN 0396079644; OCLC 7273617; LC Call Number E332.2 .D3. Citations: 14. Offers commentary on evidence that Jefferson had an illicit affair with slave Sally Hemmings which produced several children. Suggests that the evidence is inconclusive. Choice 19: 434; JAH 68: 922-23; VMHB 90: 244-45. 572 Daniels, Bruce C. Dissent and Conformity on Narragansett Bay: The Colonial Rhode Island Town. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1983. xiii, 137 pp. ISBN 0819550833; OCLC 123491; LC Call Number F82 .D36. Citations: 10. Argues that, in town development, Rhode Island was ahead of—but not different from—the rest of New England. Discusses founders’ political thought, early

156 Books on Early American History and Culture government structures, town settlement, population growth and migration, town meetings, and local finance issues. AHR 90: 1003; Choice 22: 866; JAH 71: 856-57; NEQ 57: 445. 573 DenBoer, Gordon, ed. The Documentary History of the First Federal Elections, 1788-1790. Vol. 2. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985. xxii, 522 pp. ISBN 0299066908; OCLC 1527247; LC Call Number JK171 .A1 D6. Citations: 9. Deals with the initial federal elections in Connecticut, Maryland, Virginia, and Georgia. GHQ 70: 136-39; JAH 72: 394-95; NYH 66: 211-12. 574 Dinkin, Robert J. Voting in Revolutionary America: A Study of Elections in the Original Thirteen States, 1776-1789. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1982. x, 184 pp. ISBN 0313230919; OCLC 7923932; LC Call Number JK1965 .D54. Citations: 19. Examines candidates, the nomination process, polling procedures, the size and turnout of the electorate, and voting behavior. Argues that changes in the electoral process during the Revolutionary and Constitutional periods represented “seeds of the new modern-style election system” implemented after 1789. AHR 89: 197; Choice 20: 1194; JAH 70: 401-402; Penn Hist 50: 330-31; WMQ 40: 486-87. 575 Ekirch, A. Roger. “Poor Carolina”: Politics and Society in Colonial North Carolina, 1729-1776. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981. xix, 305 pp. ISBN 080781475X; OCLC 7172486; LC Call Number HC107 .N8 E37. Citations: 31. Studies social, economic, and political developments in the colony during the administrations of George Burrington, Gabriel Johnston, Arthur Dobbs, William Tryon, and Josiah Martin. Examines royal land policies, the “blank patent” controversy, struggles between northern and southern colonies, political patronage, fights over the Granville District, the Regulator Movement, migration, the Enfield Riot, and the coming of the Revolution. Concludes that North Carolina’s political upheavals resulted largely from its slow-growing economy. AHR 88: 463; BHR 56: 430-31; Choice 19: 982; EAL 18: 102-109; JAH 69: 42930; WMQ 39: 707-709. 576 Emery, Noemie. Alexander Hamilton: An Intimate Portrait. New York: Putnam, 1982. 288 pp. ISBN 0399126813; OCLC 8051200; LC Call Number E302.6 .H2 E47. Citations: 3. Offers a biography of Hamilton for a general audience. Focuses on Hamilton’s personal relationships, his “dark side,” and ambition. Choice 20: 490. 577 Everman, H.E. Governor James Garrard. N.p.: Cooper’s Run Press, 1981. iv, 116 pp. OCLC 7978938; LC Call Number F455.G2. Citations: 0.

Politics and Government 157 Studies the background, political and religious beliefs, family, military service, economic status, public career, and life after retirement of Governor Garrard, who served as governor of Kentucky from 1796 to 1804. FCHQ 56: 337-39. 578 Flower, Milton E. John Dickinson: Conservative Revolutionary. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1983. xii, 338 pp. ISBN 081390966X; OCLC 8553060; LC Call Number E302.6 .D5 F57. Citations: 14. Examines Dickinson’s public writings, political and religious ideas, and legal career. Concludes that Dickinson was important “as an intellectual force in the nation’s development.” Notes he was “fearless of public opinion” and “boldly asserted the truth as he saw it.” AHR 88: 1321; JAH 70: 873-74; JAS 18: 454-55; LJ 108 (1 Feb 83): 202; Natl Rev 35 (10 June 83): 698; Penn Hist 50: 328-30; PMHB 107: 640-43; WMQ 40: 644-46. 579 Formisano, Ronald P. The Transformation of Political Culture: Massachusetts Parties, 1790s-1840s. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983. xiii, 496 pp. ISBN 0195031245; OCLC 8805422; LC Call Number JK2295 .M42 F67. Citations: 112. Examines the rise and evolution of political parties in Massachusetts, arguing that, by the 1830s, parties were well-developed ideologically and organizationally. AHR 89: 200; Choice 20: 1520; JAH 70: 405-406; LJ 107 (15 Nov 82): 2170; NEQ 56: 462; WMQ 41: 298-300. 580 Freiberg, Malcolm, ed. Journals of the House of Representatives of Massachusetts. Vol. 50: 1773-1774. Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society, 1981. OCLC 3545925; LC Call Number J87 .M4; LC Call Number KFM2418 .M4 H6. Citations: 3. Includes records on boundary disputes and the impeachment of Chief Justice Peter Oliver, Governor Thomas Hutchinson’s private letters, and petitions for Hutchinson’s removal from office, as well as resolutions to appoint delegates to a continental congress and provincial congress. WMQ 40: 164-65. 581 Godfrey, William G. Pursuit of Profit and Preferment in Colonial North America: John Bradstreet’s Quest. Waterloo, Ont.: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1982. xii, 296 pp. ISBN 0889201080; OCLC 9241255; LC Call Number F1030.9 .B74 G63. Citations: 15. Examines Bradstreet’s life in the army in Nova Scotia, his business interests, and his work as an imperial administrator. Argues that Bradstreet’s colonial views “were formulated largely from the American vantage point with insufficient consideration allowed to the mother-country viewpoint.” Choice 20: 1521-22; CHR 66: 601; CJH 19: 154-55; JAH 70: 647-48; NEQ 57: 124; NYH 64: 323-24; WMQ 41: 310-12.

158 Books on Early American History and Culture 582 Goodwin, Everett C. The Magistracy Rediscovered: Connecticut, 16361818. Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Research Press, 1981. viii, 181 pp. ISBN 0835711609; OCLC 7197058; LC Call Number KFC3678 .G66. Citations: 6. Traces the evolution of the Connecticut political system from an all-powerful general court in 1639 to a system with separate branches in 1818. Concentrates on the development of a separate judiciary, arguing that it came out of the destruction of Puritan consensus. JAH 69: 135; WMQ 39: 700-702. 583 Greenberg, Kenneth S. Masters and Statesmen: The Political Culture of American Slavery. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985. xii, 195 pp. ISBN 0801827620; OCLC 12081771; LC Call Number E441 .G8. Citations: 50. Examines the relationship between slaveholding and politics. Argues that southerners sought independence among their political leaders and constantly sought to reconcile republican ideology with an unfree labor system. AHR 92: 207; Choice 23: 1596; JAS 21: 154-56; LJ 111 (Jan 86): 83; NCHR 63: 395-96. 584 Grundfest, Jerry. George Clymer: Philadelphia Revolutionary, 1739-1813. New York: Arno Press, 1982. 554 pp. ISBN 0405140827; OCLC 7459819; LC Call Number E302.6 .C63. Citations: 6. Presents a biography of Clymer, signer of the Declaration of Independence and Constitution and member of Congress and the Pennsylvania Assembly. Characterizes Clymer as a nationalist and Federalist who became an activist as a result of the Tea Act and later held a number of offices. Finds that, though he was an important political figure, Clymer consistently eschewed the spotlight. Penn Hist 51: 245-46; PMHB 108: 367-75; WMQ 41: 513-515. 585 Heale, M.J. The Presidential Quest: Candidates and Images in American Political Culture, 1787-1852. New York: Longman, 1982. xi, 268 pp. ISBN 0582295424 (pbk.); OCLC 7596479; LC Call Number JK524 .H39. Citations: 26. Explores “the nature of nineteenth century American political culture by examining the emergence of the popular presidential election, focusing particularly on the role of the candidate.” Argues that the republic’s fragility and the widespread fear of power and corruption led people to vote against causes and hold politicians in contempt. Explains that such a culture produced a series of dark-horse and military candidates and one-term presidents. AHR 88: 468; Choice 20: 491; JAH 72: 684-85; JAS 18: 299-300; JSH 52: 29798; Times Lit Supp (8 Oct 82): 1092. 586 Hecht, Marie B. Odd Destiny: The Life of Alexander Hamilton. New York: Macmillan, 1982. xii, 464 pp. ISBN 0025501801; OCLC 7924560; LC Call Number E302.6 .H2 H42. Citations: 5. Emphasizes Hamilton’s political career, especially his role in the 1792 New York gubernatorial election and vice presidential elections. Choice 20: 337; LH 24: 96-97.

Politics and Government 159 587 Hoffer, Peter Charles and N.E.H. Hull. Impeachment in America, 16351805. New Haven, Con.: Yale University Press, 1984. xiv, 325 pp. ISBN 0300030533; OCLC 9971033; LC Call Number KF4958 .H63. Citations: 54. Notes that in the seventeenth century, Americans impeached without real authority and that in the early eighteenth century legislatures increasingly began impeaching members of executive and legislative branches for abusing their offices. Finds that in the Revolutionary period, Americans used impeachment as a weapon against the executives of imperial policy. Concludes that Americans initially followed the British rules of impeachment but, for practical reasons, began diverging from the British way, prosecuting only those offenses committed in office and limiting punishment to loss of office. Notes that most states incorporated such impeachment provisions into their constitutions. AAAPSS 479: 176; AHR 90: 752; Choice 22: 482; GHQ 69: 383-85; JAH 71: 852-83; JAS 19: 442-43; JSH 51: 272-73; PMHB 110: 293-95; Times Lit Supp (19 Oct 84): 1176; WMQ 42: 271-73. 588 Hoffman, Daniel N. Governmental Secrecy and the Founding Fathers: A Study in Constitutional Controls. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1981. ix, 339 pp. ISBN 0313221669; OCLC 6813385; LC Call Number KF4570 .H63. Citations: 13. Studies governmental secrecy from 1787 through 1801. Finds that the tendency during that period was toward free access of information, but that politics and partisanship played as much a role in the decision to release information as did the Constitution and legal principles. AAAPSS 469: 183; AHR 88: 179; Choice 19: 1629-30. 589 Hoffman, Ronald and Peter J. Albert, eds. Sovereign States in an Age of Uncertainty. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia for the United States Capitol Historical Society, 1982. xiv, 261 pp. ISBN 0813909260; OCLC 7947870; LC Call Number E210 .S75. Citations: 35. Presents essays on state government and politics in the Revolutionary and Constitutional eras. Includes pieces on historiography, Massachusetts Federalism, Revolutionary South Carolina, the “Constitutionalist Party” in Pennsylvania, Maryland politics, New York power struggles, and the executive in Virginia. AHR 88: 1061; Choice 20: 882-83; GHQ 67: 222-24; JAH 70: 136; JSH 49: 44749; NCHR 60: 127-28; Penn Hist 50: 331-32; PMHB 107: 306-308; VMHB 91: 116-17; WMQ 40: 646-48. 590 Hyneman, Charles S. and Donald S. Lutz, eds. American Political Writing During the Founding Era, 1760-1805. 2 vols. Indianapolis, Ind.: Liberty Press, 1983. xviii, 1417 pp. ISBN 0865970386 (hbk.); ISBN 0865970416 (pbk.); OCLC 9110659; LC Call Number JK113 .A716. Citations: 68. Publishes 76 essays on republicanism in North America. Includes an annotated bibliography. Choice 21: 630; EAL 19: 98.

160 Books on Early American History and Culture 591 Johnson, Richard R. Adjustment to Empire: The New England Colonies, 1675-1715. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1981. xx, 470 pp. ISBN 0813509076; OCLC 7172912; LC Call Number F7 .J64. Citations: 40. Examines the ways in which New England colonies shaped imperial policy, especially after the Glorious Revolution. Notes that early social and religious isolation was undermined by increased trade, which in turn led to greater royal regulation after the Stuart Restoration. Argues that revocation of the Massachusetts charter was brought about by the region’s reactions to initial Stuart policies. Concludes that Massachusetts leaders finally accepted royal authority in a quest for legitimacy and for protection in imperial wars. AHR 88: 462; Choice 19: 680; JAH 69: 427-28; JAS 17: 303; PMHB 106: 43334; WMQ 39: 523-25. 592 Jordan, Daniel P. Political Leadership in Jefferson’s Virginia. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1983. xiv, 284 pp. ISBN 0813909678; OCLC 9082974; LC Call Number JK3995 .J67. Citations: 23. Studies the 98 Virginians who served in the House of Representatives between 1801 and 1825. Finds that the period “suggests a sustained, powerful, even dominant national role for the Old Dominion when in fact the era was one of a steady and irreversible diminution of influence.” Concludes that, “Far from being a virtual model of stability, Dynasty Virginia is best understood as a bizarre mixture of change and continuity.” AHR 89: 1152; GHQ 68: 419-20; JAH 71: 389; JSH 50: 469-71; NCHR 61: 26162; NYT Bk Rev (15 Jan 84): 16; PMHB 108: 381-82; WMQ 41: 518-19. 593 Keller, Kenneth W. Rural Politics and the Collapse of Pennsylvania Federalism. Philadelphia, Penn.: Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 1982. 73 pp. ISBN 0871697262 (pbk.); OCLC 8684929; LC Call Number Q11 .P53. Citations: 6. Discusses the transition of power from Federalists to Republicans in Pennsylvania, especially as revealed in voter behavior in the 1799 election of Thomas McKean. Concludes that “McKean’s victory was not so much a victory of ideology or class as it was of local interest,” which was determined largely by cultural influences. Notes that Germans generally voted Republican, while pacifist church members tended to support Federalists. PMHB 107: 468. 594 Ketcham, Ralph. Presidents Above Party: The First American Presidency, 1789-1829. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Institute for Early American History and Culture, 1984. xiv, 269 pp. ISBN 0807815829; OCLC 9731814; LC Call Number JK511 .K47. Citations: 55. Reviews the first six presidencies. Seeks to “probe for the largely unstated values, preconceptions, sense of history, and hero models of the men who first gave shape to the presidency.” Argues that presidents from Washington to John Quincy Adams played down the idea of party in order to increase the dignity and prestige of the office. AAAPSS 479: 177; AHR 90: 483; Choice 22: 335; GHQ 68: 609-611; IMH 81: 383-84; JAH 71: 632-33; JAS 19: 437; JSH 51: 618-19; LJ 109: 1324; NCHR

Politics and Government 161 61: 536-37; NY Rev Bks 31 (11 Oct 84): 18; PMHB 109: 583-84; PSQ 100: 347; WMQ 42: 129-31. 595 Kline, Mary-Jo, ed. Political Correspondence and Public Papers of Aaron Burr. 2 vols. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1983. xvii, 713 pp. ISBN 0691046859; OCLC 9280892; LC Call Number E302 .B92. Citations: 30. Discusses Burr’s public career and publishes 1,000 documents covering New York politics, Burr’s service as a U.S. Senator, New York assemblyman and vice president, his alienation from Jefferson and the Republicans, his economic problems, western expeditions, trial on conspiracy to commit treason, exile in Europe, planned Latin American activities, and his return to America. JAH 71: 612-13; JSH 50: 641-43; LJ 108 (15 Sept 83): 1791; New Republic 188 (13 June 83): 25; NY Rev Bks 31 (2 Feb 84): 23; NYT Bk Rev (12 Feb 84): 30; PMHB 111: 250-53; Times Lit Supp (28 Sept 84): 1078; WMQ 41: 675-77. 596 Kukla, Jon. Speakers and Clerks of the Virginia House of Burgesses, 16431776. Richmond: Virginia State Library, 1981. x, 163 pp. ISBN 0884900754 (hbk.); ISBN 0884900762 (pbk.); OCLC 7272490; LC Call Number JK83 .V8 K84. Citations: 8. Introduces the way in which the Virginia colonial assembly operated and offers biographical sketches of speakers and clerks arranged chronologically. Includes an index and a note on sources. FCHQ 56: 70; JSH 47: 646; VMHB 90: 380-81. 597 Lawson, Philip. George Grenville: A Political Life. New York: Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 1984. vi, 309 pp. ISBN 0198227558; OCLC 10045790; LC Call Number DA501 .G73 L38. Citations: 24. Discusses Grenville’s service in the House of Commons, opposition to Robert Walpole, family ties, work at the Admiralty under Henry Pelham, service as first Lord of the Treasury, opposition to the Proclamation of 1763, and final years. Describes Grenville as an effective speaker and able parliamentarian who often worked under difficult circumstances. WMQ 43: 148-50. 598 Lipscomb, Terry W., ed. The Colonial Records of South Carolina: The Journal of the Commons House of Assembly, November 21, 1752-September 6, 1754. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press for the South Carolina Department of Archives and History, 1983. OCLC 10710982; LC Call Number KFS1818.2; LC Call Number J87 .S6. Citations: 1. Includes petitions, committee reports, and bills covering road, bridge and wharf building, slavery, street and market regulation, and incorporation of a library society in Charleston. NCHR 62: 225-26. 599 Lockridge, Kenneth A. Settlement and Unsettlement in Early America: The Crisis of Political Legitimacy Before the Revolution. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981. ix, 134 pp. ISBN 0521237076; OCLC 6915083; LC Call Number E188.5 .L62. Citations: 23.

162 Books on Early American History and Culture Describes the institutions to which colonists adhered and their changes prior to the Revolution. Concludes that “the colonial era was marked by a fruitless struggle to achieve a legitimate political order,” and that “all legitimacies were vulnerable in early America.” Contends that “Too artificial, too obvious, or too untried, every principle of social and political authority was eroded wither by the colonists’ skepticism or by other principles also striving for acceptance.” AHR 87: 1153; Choice 19: 812; GHQ 66: 563-64; JAH 68: 917-18; JSH 48: 27273; PMHB 106: 568-69. 600 Lomask, Milton. Aaron Burr: The Conspiracy and Years of Exile, 18051836. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1982. xix, 476 pp. ISBN 0374100179; OCLC 8933000; LC Call Number E302.6 .B9 L69. Citations: 16. Covers Burr’s western conspiracy, his treason trial in Richmond, exile in Europe, and law practice in New York City. Argues that the treason charges against Burr were trumped up by his enemies and that his knowledge of the West was extraordinary. AHR 88: 1062; JAH 70: 141; JSH 49: 610-12; PHR 53: 222-23. 601 Lowery, Charles D. James Barbour: A Jeffersonian Republican. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1984. xi, 320 pp. ISBN 0817301755; OCLC 9324143; LC Call Number E340 .B23 L85. Citations: 15. Presents a biography of Barbour, Virginia governor, U.S. Senator, Secretary of War, organizer of the Whig Party, and agricultural reformer. Characterizes Barbour as a pragmatic, realistic politician with dynamic principles. Concludes that Barbour “embraced the progressive spirit and liberal political faith of the Jeffersonian age.” Choice 22: 482; JAH 72: 397; JSH 51: 287-88; NCHR 62: 103-104; PMHB 109:

89-91; VMHB 94: 481-82. 602 Lurie, Maxine N. and Joanne R. Walroth, eds. The Minutes of the Board of Proprietors of the Eastern Divisions of New Jersey from 1764 to 1794. Vol. 4. Newark: New Jersey Historical Society, 1985. xlii, 522 pp. OCLC 10948475; LC Call Number F137 .B667. Citations: 2. Records sketch New Jersey land claims and their relationship to the political, economic, and social life of the colony. Covers boundary controversies between New Jersey and New York, the line between East and West Jersey, and the development of the iron industry. PMHB 111: 122-23. 603 Lustig, Mary Lou. Robert Hunter, 1666-1734: New York’s Augustan Statesman. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1983. xvi, 277 pp. ISBN 0815622961; OCLC 10276017; LC Call Number E195 .H86 L87. Citations: 12. Describes Hunter’s life, the events of his times, and his role in New York and Jamaican politics. Concludes that Hunter “was far from a perfect man but he was a good man,” with many interests and an excellent intellect. AHR 89: 1387; JAH 71: 378-79; NYH 66: 198-99; WMQ 43: 142-44.

Politics and Government 163 604 MacDonald, M.A. Fortune and LaTour: The Civil War in Acadia. Toronto: Methuen Publications, 1983. xii, 229 pp. ISBN 045895800X; OCLC 9680102; LC Call Number F1036.8 .M33. Citations: 6. Describes the role of the La Tour family in seventeenth-century Acadia, especially in the region’s relationship with Massachusetts and Charles La Tour’s struggle with d’Aulnay. CHR 65: 427-28. 605 Madden, Frederick and David Fieldhouse, eds. The Classical Period of the First British Empire, 1689-1783: The Foundations of a Colonial System of Government. Vol. 2: Select Documents on the Constitutional History of the British Empire and Commonwealth. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1985. xxxiii, 628 pp. ISBN 0313251762; OCLC 13491328; LC Call Number KD5025 .S45. Citations: 2. Documents trace the transition from “salutary neglect” to tight regulation and rebellion. Organizes entries chronologically under institutions, such as the council and judiciary. CHR 68: 128-30; NCHR 63: 406. 606 Madden, Frederick and David Fieldhouse, eds. “The Empire of the Bretaignes, ” 1175-1688: The Foundations of a Colonial System of Government. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1985. xxix, 669 pp. OCLC 13388743; LC Call Number KD5025 .S45. Citations: 10. Presents edited documents on “the continuity of constitutional and legal evolution” in Britain prior to colonial expansion. Documents cover the government, Ireland, North American colonies, charters, royal authority and control, and legal right to appeal. CHR 67: 646-47. 607 Mason, Thomas A., Robert A. Rutland, and Jeanne K. Sisson, eds. The Papers of James Madison. Vol. 15: 24 March 1793-20 April 1795. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1985. xxxii, 561 pp. OCLC 19009462; LC Call Number E302 .M19. Citations: 12. Includes letters to Jefferson and Monroe, speeches in Congress, and documents regarding Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation, efforts of Citizen Genet, attempts to maintain relations with France, and debates on executive power. Also covers commercial retaliations against Great Britain, attacks by Federalists on Democratic-Republican clubs, and Madison’s courtship of and marriage to Dolley Todd. JAH 76: 248-49; JER 6: 77-78; JSH 52: 620-21; NCHR 63: 263; WMQ 51: 17274. 608 Matthews, Richard K. The Radical Politics of Thomas Jefferson: A Revisionist View. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1984. ix, 171 pp. ISBN 0700602569; OCLC 10605658; LC Call Number E332.2 .M37. Citations: 59. Argues that Jefferson has been mistakenly viewed as “a traditional eighteenthcentury liberal, perhaps even a liberal-democratic theorist,” who looked at man

164 Books on Early American History and Culture as “an acquisitive, atomistic creature who prudentially enters civil society in order to protect his person and his property.” Concludes that Jefferson’s “humanism, his communitarian anarchism, and his radical democracy make his political views stand as an alternative to the market liberalism of the past and present.” Explains that “Jefferson argues for a distinctly noncapitalistic economic system, in which every man will always have the option of sustaining and nurturing himself and his family on a small farm.” Characterizes Jefferson as “America’s first and foremost advocate of permanent revolution.” Choice 22: 1218; GHQ 70: 141-42; JAH 72: 396-97; JER 6: 182-84; JSH 51: 623-24; WMG 43: 150-53. 609 Mayo, Bernard, ed. Thomas Jefferson and His Unknown Brother. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1981. viii, 59 pp. ISBN 0813908906; OCLC 6889506; LC Call Number E332.88 .J4. Citations: 2. Reproduces 32 letters between Thomas Jefferson and his brother Randolph between 1789 and 1815. JSH 47: 646; VMHB 90: 243-44. 610 Mays, David John. Edmund Pendleton, 1721-1803: A Biography. 2 vols. Richmond: Virginia State Library, 1984. xv, 385 pp., 462 pp. ISBN 088490119X; OCLC 10751651; LC Call Number F230 .P425 M39. Citations: 16. Reprints the 1952 Harvard University Press edition. JSH 51: 486; VMHB 93: 360. 611 McCormick, Richard P. The Presidential Game: The Origin of American Presidential Politics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982. 279 pp. ISBN 019503015X; OCLC 7577506; LC Call Number E310 .M44. Citations: 33. Studies the debate over the presidency at the Constitutional Convention, concluding that delegates constructed a theoretically admirable—but largely unworkable—system. Focuses primarily on elections through 1844, when the modern party system became solidified. AHR 88: 461; JAH 69: 690; LJ 107: 258; OH 92: 171-72. 612 Meyers, Marvin, ed. The Mind of the Founder: Sources of the Political Thought of James Madison. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England for Brandeis University Press, 1981. vi, 449 pp. ISBN 0874512018 (pbk.); OCLC 7328399; LC Call Number E302 .M192. Citations: 116. Presents a paperback edition with a new introduction, notes, bibliography, and index. Contains 41 excerpts from Madison’s writings, running from January 1774 to October 1834. JSH 48: 147. 613 Miller, Janice Borton. Juan Nepomuceno de Quesada, Governor of Spanish East Florida, 1790-1795. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1981. ix, 184 pp. ISBN 0819118338 (hbk.); ISBN 0819118346 (pbk.); OCLC 7672760; LC Call Number F314 .Q47 M54. Citations: 2.

Politics and Government 165 Examines the administration of the second governor of East Florida. Notes his survey of the province’s geography, flora, and fauna. FHQ 61: 85-86; JSH 49: 497; LH 23: 206-208. 614 Morgan, David T., ed. The John Gray Blount Papers. Vol. 4: 1803-1833. Raleigh: North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Division of Archives and History, 1982. xxxiv, 661 pp. OCLC 639884; LC Call Number F258 .B5. Citations: 4. Publishes almost 500 documents related to the political career of Blount, as well as his family and business matters, from the Louisiana Purchase to the beginning of Jackson’s second presidential term. GHQ 67: 235-36; JSH 50: 311-312; NCHR 60: 255. 615 Moser, Harold D., Sharon MacPherson, and Charles F. Bryan, Jr., eds. The Papers of Andrew Jackson. Vol. 2: 1804-1813. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1984. xxvii, 634 pp. ISBN 0870494414; OCLC 5029597; LC Call Number E302 .J35. Citations: 6. Includes correspondence of Jackson and his wife Rachel, as well as financial records, speeches, essays, and military orders. Covers Jackson’s career after his 1804 resignation as state superior court judge, his arguments with John Sevier, Charles Henry Dickinson, and the Benton brothers, his role in the Burr conspiracy, and his activities in Creek country. Includes documents on his farming and business enterprises, family life, and military campaigns against the Creeks, the Spanish and the British. Choice 23: 191; FCHQ 60: 488-90; FHQ 65: 116-117; GHQ 69: 636; JAH 72: 683-84; JSH 52: 299-301; NCHR 63: 140-41. 616 Mosser, Christine, ed. York, Upper Canada Minutes of Town Meetings and Lists of Inhabitants, 1793-1823. Toronto: Metropolitan Toronto Library Board, 1984. x, 185 pp. ISBN 0887730280 (pbk.); OCLC 13702097; LC Call Number CS88.T67. Citations: 0. Publishes the minutes of the annual York town meetings and lists of inhabitants. Documents cover appointment of individuals to town posts such as clerk, collector, assessor, postmaster, and warden. CHR 67: 122. 617 Myers, Minor, Jr. Liberty Without Anarchy: A History of the Society of the Cincinnati. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1983. xiii, 280 pp. ISBN 0813909937; OCLC 9392735; LC Call Number E202.1 .A7 M93. Citations: 20. Discusses the founding of the Society of the Cincinnati, its initial purposes, and its more modern functions. Argues that the Society was primarily a political organization and that it was “America’s first nonclerical pressure group with a national scope.” Finds that “The pressure for ordered liberty runs through the whole early history of the society.” FCHQ 58: 266-68; GHQ 68: 89-91; JAH 70: 875-76; JSH 50: 307-308; NCHR 61: 129-30; Penn Hist 51: 89-90; PMHB 108: 110-113; WMQ 41: 174-76.

166 Books on Early American History and Culture 618 Nagel, Paul C. Descent from Glory: Four Generations of the John Adams Family. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983. xiv, 400 pp. ISBN 0195031725; OCLC 8431929; LC Call Number CS71 .A2. Citations: 27. Discusses “how various Adamses—both notable and forgotten—lived with each other.” Characterizes the history of the Adams family as “one of great triumphs in the world but of deep groans within, one of extraordinary brilliancy and deep corroding mortification.” JAH 70: 388; JAS 17: 458-59; JSH 49: 492; OH 93: 97-98; PMHB 107: 645-46; VMHB 91: 509-510. 619 Newmyer, R. Kent. Supreme Court Justice Joseph Story: Statesman of the Old Republic. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985. xvii, 490 pp. ISBN 0807816264; OCLC 10799009; LC Call Number KF8745.S83. Citations: 108. Views Story as an early national figure who defended republican values against the tide of social and economic change. Notes that Story was suspicious of political parties and viewed law as being above politics and flexible enough to accommodate incremental changes. JAH 72: 406-407. 620 Nobles, Gregory H. Divisions Throughout the Whole: Politics and Society in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, 1740-1775. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983. xii, 258 pp. ISBN 0521244196; OCLC 8728199; LC Call Number F72 .H3 N63. Citations: 26. Studies rural residents of Hampshire County prior to the Revolution. Notes that “the Revolution both followed and furthered a widespread local revolution in Hampshire County that had been growing for years” and involved “a clash of two fundamentally different attitudes toward social and political order.” Finds that one group was led by the Williams and Stoddard families who held sway via “power, patronage and paternalism,” and the other, made up mostly of small farmers, sought “to maintain—or regain—local control of their political and religious affairs.” AHR 89: 1146; Choice 21: 1046; CJH 19: 338-40; JAH 72: 129-30; WMQ 41: 508-510. 621 Papenfuse, Edward C., Alan F. Day, David W. Jordan, and Gregory Stiverson, eds. A Biographical Dictionary of the Maryland Legislature, 16351789. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press for the Maryland Hall of Records Commission, 1985. xiii, 469 pp. ISBN 0801819954; OCLC 5206998; LC Call Number JK3866 .B56. Citations: 31. Includes biographical entries for 1,445 members of the legislature, historical county maps, and session lists with record of election or attendance. Biographies give information on birth, family background, marriage, children, career, views on issues, health, and social status. PMHB 111: 123-25; VMHB 94: 376. 622 Peters, Marie. Pitt and Popularity: The Patriot Minister and London Opinion During the Seven Years’ War. New York: Oxford University Press,

Politics and Government 167 1981. xiv, 309 pp. ISBN 0198224982; OCLC 6194482; LC Number DA483 .P6 P45. Citations: 48. Notes that London public opinion was extremely important in eighteenthcentury English politics, but that popular perception was “limited and unrealistic,” and was centered on a few familiar topics. Argues that Pitt achieved popularity by playing to already-formed, traditional prejudices and attitudes, namely the emphasis on selfless patriotism. WMQ 40: 319-20. 623 Pole, J.R. The Gift of Government: Political Responsibility from the English Restoration to American Independence. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1983. xiv, 185 pp. ISBN 0820306525; OCLC 8666966; LC Call Number JF1051 .P58. Citations: 27. Traces changes in relationships between governments and the people and explores the significance of these developments to the American Revolution. Notes the shift from government by divine right and religious doctrine to emphasis on the happiness of the people. Choice 21: 756; GHQ 68: 83-84; JAH 70: 869; JAS 18: 298-99; JSH 50: 462-63; NCHR 61: 274-75; PMHB 108: 367-75; WMQ 41: 301-303. 624 Powell, William S., ed. The Correspondence of William Tryon and Other Selected Papers. Vol. 2: 1768-1818. Raleigh: North Carolina Division of Archives and History, 1981. xxxvi, 960 pp. ISBN 0865261474; OCLC 7551234; LC Call Number F257 .T79 A4. Citations: 6. Documents largely cover the Regulator rebellion in North Carolina and Tryon’s service as New York’s last royal governor. GHQ 66: 75-76; JSH 48: 413-414; VMHB 91: 112-13. 625 Puckrein, Gary A. Little England: Plantation Society and AngloBarbadian Politics, 1627-1700. New York: New York University Press, 1984. xxv, 235 pp. ISBN 0814765874; OCLC 10021063; LC Call Number HD1471 .B35 P82. Citations: 26. Examines the development of Barbados from a primarily cotton and tobacco effort to a sugar colony. Argues that plantation society distorted the notion of the household, making it a destabilizing institution rather than a stabilizing one. JAH 72: 389; JSH 51:482; WMQ 43: 136-38. 626 Rakove, Jack N. The Beginnings of National Politics: An Interpretive History of the Continental Congress. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982. xvii, 484 pp. ISBN 0801828643 (pbk.); OCLC 8306656; LC Call Number E210 .R34. Citations: 118. Notes that the Continental Congress began in 1774 as a body formulating effective resistance, but became by 1780 a group devoted to sustaining a war effort and keeping people united. Focuses on Congress’s acquisition and maintenance of authority and its resolution of difficult theoretical questions. GHQ 67: 427.

168 Books on Early American History and Culture 627 Randall, Willard Sterne. A Little Revenge: Benjamin Franklin and His Son. Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, and Company, 1984. xv, 558 pp. ISBN 0316733644; OCLC 10998479; LC Call Number E302.6 .F8 R18. Citations: 15. Examines the relationships between Benjamin Franklin and his son, from 1755 through the Revolution. Treats Benjamin Franklin’s relationship with his own father and the role of William Franklin in New Jersey politics, as well as military events during the Revolution. Choice 22: 1563; JER 7: 309-310; PMHB 109: 580-82; WMQ 42: 534-36. 628 Reardon, John J. Peyton Randolph, 1721-1775: One Who Presided. Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press, 1982. xii, 99 pp. ISBN 0890892016; OCLC 9169316; LC Call Number E302.6 .R23 R4. Citations: 5. Discusses Randolph’s family, his legal education at the Inns of Court, his law career in Williamsburg, and his political career, his shaping of the Virginia reaction to Britain’s colonial policies of the 1760s, and his election as presiding officer of the First Continental Congress. Portrays Randolph as “the image of parliamentary propriety” who “acted as a moderating force” in the events leading up to the Revolution. Choice 20: 1197; JAH 70: 402; JSH 50: 301-302; VMHB 91: 511-12; WMQ 40: 642-43. 629 Reese, George, ed. The Official Papers of Francis Fauquier, Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, 1758-1768. Vol. 2: 1761-1763. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia for the Virginia Historical Society, 1981. xxxv, 607 pp. ISBN 0813908566; OCLC 10289488; LC Call Number F229 .V528. Citations: 2. Presents “all known official correspondence to and from Europe.” Includes 598 documents covering issues like problems and treaties with the Cherokee, military activities, and emission of paper money in the colony. JSH 48: 96-97; VMHB 90: 503-504. 630 Reese, George, ed. The Official Papers of Francis Fauquier, Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, 1758-1768. Vol. 3: 1764-1768. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia for the Virginia Historical Society, 1983. xxxiv, OCLC 6603277; LC Call Number F229.F38. Citations: 7. Documents largely cover Indian affairs in the wake of the Proclamation of 1763, the Virginia government response to the Sugar, Stamp, and Townshend Acts, and the regulation of agriculture and trade. JSH 50: 464-65. 631 Rogers, George C., Jr., and David R. Chesnutt, eds. The Papers of Henry Laurens. Vol. 9: April 19, 1773-December 12, 1774. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press for the South Carolina Historical Society, 1981. xxii, 710 pp. OCLC 424582; LC Call Number E302 .L3. Citations: 6. Covers Laurens’ final eighteen months in England. Includes documents on business affairs and family matters, as well as the controversy over the

Politics and Government 169 legislative powers of the South Carolina royal council and the case of Thomas Powell. FHQ 61: 189-91; GHQ 66: 77-78; WMQ 39: 716-19. 632 Rompkey, Ronald, ed. Expeditions of Honour: The Journal of John Salusbury in Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1749-53. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1982. 221 pp. ISBN 0874131693; OCLC 7671710; LC Call Number F1038 .S2. Citations: 4. Includes the journal and extant letters of Salusbury, a servant of the Crown in Nova Scotia. Covers the early years of Halifax, military expeditions against the French, and politics in the region. CHR 64: 587-88; Choice 20: 1053-54. 633 Royle, Edward and James Walvin. English Radicals and Reformers, 17601848. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1982. 233 pp. ISBN 0813114713; OCLC 8473784; LC Call Number HN388 .R69. Citations: 35. Covers English radicalism from pre-Revolutionary American protests to Chartism, focusing on forms that “sought to institute a reform of the political system in a democratic direction.” Explores the influence of economic and social forces on radicals, as well as foreign affairs. Concludes that the American Revolution “transformed British domestic policies” and that “it is quite impossible to consider the evolution of British radicalism in these years independently of events in America.” AHR 88: 979; NYH 65: 213-15. 634 Rutland, Robert A. James Madison and the Search for Nationhood. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1981. xvii, 174 pp. ISBN 084403636; OCLC 8005166; LC Call Number E342 .R87. Citations: 2. Presents a text on Madison’s life, along with illustrations in conjunction with a Library of Congress exhibition. Choice 19: 1316. 635 Rutland, Robert A. and Charles F. Hobson, eds. The Papers of James Madison. Vol. 13: 20 January 1790-31 March 1791. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1981. xxviii, 423 pp. OCLC 332958; LC Call Number E302 .M19. Citations: 16. Documents cover the second and third sessions of the First Congress, notably Madison’s opposition to Hamilton’s economic program, reactions to the death of Benjamin Franklin, and petitions on slavery. JAH 71: 118; JSH 47: 600-602; NCHR 58: 401-402; PMHB 105: 497-98; VMHB 89: 499-501; WMQ 43: 301-305. 636 Rutland, Robert A. and Thomas A. Mason, eds. The Papers of James Madison. Vol. 14: 6 April 1791-16 March 1793. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1983. xxxi, 495 pp. OCLC 332958; LC Call Number E302 .M19. Citations: 26. Documents cover Madison’s service in the Second Congress and explain his conflicts with Alexander Hamilton and declining influence with President

170 Books on Early American History and Culture Washington. Also covers party formation, Philip Freneau’s opposition newspaper and Madison’s scholarly and scientific interests. JAH 71: 118; JSH 50: 115-16; NCHR 60: 520; WMQ 43: 301-305. 637 Rutland, Robert A., Thomas A. Mason, Robert J. Brugger, Susannah H. Jones, Jeanne K. Sisson, and Fredrika J. Teute, eds. The Papers of James Madison. Presidential Series. Vol. 1: 1 March-30 September 1809. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1984. xxviii, 414 pp. ISBN 0813909910; OCLC 9412988; LC Call Number E302 .M19. Citations: 7. Publishes examples of routine correspondence as well as letters of importance on the Erskine agreement and other items on relations with Great Britain. JAH 76: 248-49; JSH 51: 101-102; VMHB 93: 350-51; WMQ 43: 301-305. 638 Shackelford, George Green, ed. Collected Papers of the Monticello Association of the Descendants of Thomas Jefferson. Vol. 2. Charlottesville, Va.: Monticello Association, 1984. xii, 328 pp. OCLC 14051226; LC Call Number E332.25. Citations: 3. Presents short biographical sketches of Jefferson descendants. Describes the Monticello Association and offers a great deal of genealogical information. GHQ 68: 636-37; JSH 51: 140-41; VMHB 93: 361. 639 Sheridan, Eugene R. and John M. Murrin, eds. Congress at Princeton: Being the Letters of Charles Thomson to Hannah Thomson, June-October 1783. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Library, 1985. xlv, 100 pp. ISBN 0878110259; OCLC 12139200; LC Call Number E302.6 .T48 T451. Citations: 8. Collects 33 letters from Charles Thomson to his wife while he was secretary of the Continental Congress. Includes a brief biography of Thomson and a short history of the Continental Congress through its settlement in Princeton. Asserts that “after independence, the quality of men serving in that body [Congress] tended to decline.” GHQ 69: 394-96; NCHR 62: 507-508; NYH 66: 461-62; Penn Hist 53: 242-43; PMHB 110: 292-93. 640 Sheridan, Eugene R. Lewis Morris, 1671-1746: A Study in Early American Politics. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1981. xii, 257 pp. ISBN 0815622430; OCLC 7812035; LC Call Number F137 .M63 S47. Citations: 13. Covers early eighteenth-century New Jersey religion, land claims, politics, and the Zenger affair. Suggests that Morris’s “intellectual and political gyrations reveal that colonial America had a richer and more complex ideological universe than that suggested by the current emphasis on the significance of English opposition thought.” AHR 88: 174; Choice 19: 1317; JAH 70: 129-30; NYH 64: 66-67; Penn Hist 50: 173-74; PMHB 106: 566-67; WMQ 40: 135-37. 641 Shuffelton, Frank. Thomas Jefferson: A Comprehensive Annotated Bibliography of Writings About Him (1826-1980). New York: Garland, 1983.

Politics and Government 171 xix, 486 pp. ISBN 0824090780; OCLC 9684927; LC Call Number Z8452 .S55; LC Call Number E332 .S58. Citations: 2. Organizes entries topically and offers critical annotations on books, articles, dissertations, and book chapters. Includes both scholarly and popular works. Choice 21: 1117; EAL 19:309. 642 Simmons, R.C. and P.D.G. Thomas, eds. Proceedings and Debates of the British Parliament Respecting North America, 1754-1783. 5 vols. Millwood, N.Y.: Kraus International Publications, 1982. ISBN 0527357235; OCLC 8034548; LC Call Number El87. Citations: 42. Publishes Parliamentary extracts and debates of the Revolutionary era. Choice 20: 491; CHR 64: 239-40; CHR 67: 285-86; CJH 23: 267-68; JAH 69: 961-62; WMQ 41: 510-11. 643 Skeen, C. Edward. John Armstrong, Jr., 1758-1843: A Biography. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1981. xii, 277 pp. ISBN 0815622422; OCLC 7672192; LC Call Number E302.6 .A7 S55. Citations: 9. Covers Armstrong’s political career, especially service as Secretary of War, minister to France, and work as a pamphleteer. Calls Armstrong “one of the best educated men and perhaps the best writer of his generation,” but finds that he was limited by “an extremely abrasive personality,” a “large number of enemies,” a “haughty, aristocratic demeanor,” and a refusal to “abide mediocrity in others.” AHR 88: 470; JAH 69: 439; NYH 64: 69-70; PMHB 106:555-60; WMQ 41: 16265. 644 Smith, Joseph Burkholder. The Plot to Steal Florida: James Madison’s Phony War. New York: Arbor House, 1983. 314 pp. OCLC 9792142; LC Call Number F314 .S66. Citations: 2. Examines Madison’s efforts during the War of 1812 to take the remainder of Spanish West Florida. Discusses the pivotal clandestine role of former Georgia governor George Mathews, Madison’s disavowal of the actions of Mathews’s army, and the reconciliation of Madison with Mathews. FHQ 63: 98-99. 645 Smith, Paul H., ed. Letters of Delegates to Congress, 1774-1789. Vol.7: May 1-September 18, 1777. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1981. xxvi, 749 pp. ISBN 0844401773; OCLC 2020737; LC Call Number JK1033 .L47. Citations: 5. Letters take up the role of foreign military officers, details of wartime governance, army supply problems, complaints of delegates about inaction and absence from their homes and families, raising funds for the war, the defeat at Brandywine, and preparations for the evacuation of Philadelphia. FHQ 61: 191-93; GHQ 66: 79-81; JAH 71: 381-82; JSH 49: 292-94; NCHR 60: 268-69; OH 92: 167-69; PMHB 107: 300-302; WMQ 42: 286-88. 646 Smith, Paul H., ed. Letters of Delegates to Congress, 1774-1789. Vol. 8: September 19, 1777-January 31, 1778. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress,

172 Books on Early American History and Culture 1981. xxxi, 745 pp. ISBN 0844401773; OCLC 2020737; LC Call Number JK1033 .L47. Citations: 5. Letters discuss the movement of Congress from Philadelphia to Lancaster to York, the British occupation of Philadelphia, the encampment at Valley Forge, controversy over possible replacement of Washington as military commander, the recall of Silas Deane, problems securing foreign loans, the supply of the army in the field, and the adoption and submission to the states of the Articles of Confederation. FHQ 61: 191-93; GHQ 66: 79-81; JAH 71: 381-82; JSH 49: 292-94; NCHR 60: 268-69; OH 92: 167-69; PMHB 107: 300-302; WMQ 42: 286-88. 647 Smith, Paul H., ed. Letters of Delegates to Congress, 1774-1789. Vol. 9: February 1 – May 31, 1778. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1982. xxviii, 844 pp. ISBN 0844401773; OCLC 2020737; LC Call Number JK1033 .L47. Citations: 7. Documents cover the period between Valley Forge and the arrival of the Carlisle Peace Commission, when Henry Laurens was president of Congress. Letters largely discuss slavery and the war efforts. FHQ 62: 374-76; GHQ 67: 555; JAH 71: 381-82; J Miss Hist 45: 155; JSH 50: 113; NCHR 61: 127-28; OH 95: 150-52; WMQ 42: 286-88. 648 Smith, Paul H., ed. Letters of Delegates to Congress, 1774-1789. Vol. 10: June 1-September 30, 1778. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1983. xxix, 765 pp. ISBN 0844401773; OCLC 2020737; LC Call Number JK1033 .L47. Citations: 2. Includes diary entries, memoranda, speeches, and newspaper articles during the summer of 1778. Items deal with the alliance with France, the withdrawal of the British from Philadelphia, the battle of Monmouth, and the expedition against Newport. FHQ 63: 458-59; GHQ 69: 95-96; JSH 51: 617; NCHR 62: 240; OH 95: 150-52; WMQ 42: 286-88. 649 Smith, Paul H., ed. Letters of Delegates to Congress, 1774-1789. Vol. 11: October 1, 1778-January 31, 1779. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1985. xxxi, 586 pp. ISBN 0844401773; OCLC 2020737; LC Call Number JK1033 .L47. Citations: 3. Collects letters and papers from delegates on the Carlisle Peace Commission, the case of Silas Deane, emission of paper currency, support of the Continental Army, and ratification of the Articles of Confederation. FHQ 65: 373-75; GHQ 69: 590-91; JSH 52: 292-93; NCHR 62: 506-507; OH 96: 71-72; WMQ 47: 598-601. 650 Smith, Paul H., ed. Letters of Delegates to Congress, 1774-1789. Vol. 12: February 1-May 31, 1779. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1985. xxix, 595 pp. ISBN 0844401773; OCLC 2020737; LC Call Number JK1033 .L47. Citations: 2. Letters discuss reinforcement of South Carolina and Georgia, accusations by Henry Laurens against Robert Morris, the inquiry into charges against Benedict

Politics and Government 173 Arnold and others, emission of additional paper currency, and the ratification process of the Articles of Confederation. FHQ 65: 373-75; JSH 55: 109-111; WMQ 47: 598-601. 651 Smith, Samuel Stelle. Lewis Morris: Anglo-American Statesman, ca. 16131691. Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press, 1983. xii, 136 pp. ISBN 0391027670; OCLC 8689763; LC Call Number E191 .M67 S54. Citations: 2. Covers the life of Morris, particularly his role in Barbados and Leisler’s Rebellion in New York. Focuses on Morris’s economic dealings in New York and the Caribbean and his family background. Characterizes Morris as an energetic and accomplished individual. Choice 21: 1192; JAH 71: 377-78. 652 Sosin, J.M. English America and Imperial Inconstancy: The Rise of Provincial Autonomy, 1696-1715. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1985. xii, 287 pp. ISBN 0803241542; OCLC 11548657; LC Call Number E195 .S77. Citations: 8. Studies interactions of colonial and imperial governments. Characterizes local leaders as often greedy and self-interested and argues that, by 1715, the colonies were largely autonomous. AHR 92: 475; Choice 23: 1125; CJH 21: 431-33; NYH 68: 110-11; VMHB 95: 114-15; WMQ 43: 483-86. 653 Sosin, J.M. English America and the Restoration Monarchy of Charles II: Transatlantic Politics, Commerce, and Kinship. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1981. 389 pp. ISBN 0803241186; OCLC 6331628; LC Call Number E191 .S67. Citations: 20. Examines the relationship between England and the American colonies, particularly the involvement of policies, commissioners, councils, and administrators. Concludes that imperial integration came about through trade and religious networks, and personal and familial relationships, rather than policy. AHR 87: 1150; JAH 68: 646; WMQ 39: 525-27. 654 Sosin, J.M. English America and the Revolution of 1688: Royal Administration and the Structure of Provincial Government. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1982. ix, 321 pp. ISBN 0803241313; OCLC 7924995; LC Call Number El95 .S78. Citations: 19. Examines upheavals in Massachusetts, Maryland, and New York. Notes that the wealthier, higher status colonists were instigators, that England was distracted by war with France, and that a divided Parliament prevented “any systematic approach to governing” overseas colonies. Therefore, governmental institutions were reshaped locally. AHR 88: 1058; Choice 20: 1361; CJH 19: 428; GHQ 67: 375-77; JAH 71: 11213; NCHR 60: 517-18; NYH 65: 305-307; WMQ 41: 303-305.

174 Books on Early American History and Culture 655 Spater, George. William Cobbett: The Poor Man’s Friend. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982. xv, 653 pp. OCLC 7462054; LC Call Number DA522 .C5 S66. Citations: 45. Presents a positive biography of Cobbett (1763-1835), focusing on his political writing, work on behalf of commoners, and his career as an agriculturist. AHR 87: 1387; WMQ 41: 171-74. 656 Stein, Robert Louis. Léger Félicité Sonthonax: The Lost Sentinel of the Republic. Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1985. 234 pp. ISBN 0838632181; OCLC 11757317; LC Call Number F1923 .S66 S73. Citations: 25. Studies the career of Sonthonax, the revolutionary French ruler of Saint Domingue from 1792 to 1797. Examines his legal career, his role in abolishing slavery (1793), recall to France (1794), return (1796), and his life in retirement in France. Finds that Sonthonax’s life was shaped largely by the French Revolutions. Choice 23: 1447. 657 Stevens, Michael E. and Christine M. Allen, eds. Journals of the House of Representatives, 1787-1788. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1981. xxx, 732 pp. ISBN 087249943X; OCLC 7621373; LC Call Number J87 .S6. Citations: 2. Records cover debtor relief, the South Carolina ratifying convention, state constitution revision, border disagreements, the construction and repair of public buildings, paper money, and the development of transportation infrastructure. GHQ 66: 569-70; JSH 48: 418-19. 658 Stevens, Michael E. and Christine M. Allen, eds. Journals of the House of Representatives, 1789-1790. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1984. xxvii, 457 pp. ISBN 0872499448; OCLC 10955039; LC Call Number J87.S6. Citations: 1. Journals cover the South Carolina legislature’s election of representatives to Congress under the 1787 Constitution, the assumption of state debts, movement of the capital from Charleston to Columbia, petitions on roads and ferries, confiscation of Tory estates, problems with currency and creditors, veterans’ claims, changes in courts’ authority, clarification of the status of free blacks, patent rights, and difficulties with street improvements and tobacco inspection. GHQ 69: 299; JSH 52: 98-99; NCHR 62: 491-92; SCHM 89: 116-17. 659 Stevens, Michael E. and Christine M. Allen, eds. Journals of the House of Representatives, 1791. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1985. xxxi, 538 pp. ISBN 0872499456; LC Call Number J87 .S6. Citations: 1. Outlines social, political, constitutional, and financial problems faced by South Carolina, particularly operations under the new state constitution, reconstruction of the court system, and appointments to new administrative offices. GHQ 70: 802-803; JER 6: 315-16; JSH 53: 53: 320-22; NCHR 63: 537-38

Politics and Government 175 660 Swanstrom, Roy. The United States Senate, 1787-1801: A Dissertation on the First Fourteen Years of the Upper Legislative Body. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office for the Senate Historical Office, 1985. vi, 325 pp. OCLC 12934930; LC Call Number JK1158 .S9. Citations: 8. Reprints a Senate document originally published in 1962. Explores “how the Senate satisfied, or failed to satisfy, the anticipations of the Constitutional fathers who drew its essential features,” as well as the body’s procedures and practices. Finds that the early composition of the Senate (i.e., educated and wealthy members) shaped its early years as a quasi-aristocratic institution. Concludes that the early Senate fulfilled the Framers’ expectations as a legislative house of revision, but was not routinely consulted by President Washington, as the Founders had envisioned. JER 6: 208; JSH 54: 153; WMQ 44: 150-52. 661 Sweig, Donald M. and Elizabeth S. David, eds. A Fairfax Friendship: The Complete Correspondence Between George Washington and Bryan Fairfax, 1754-1799. Fairfax, Va.: History and Archaeology Section, Office of Comprehensive Planning, 1982. xi, 170 pp. OCLC 9373317; LC Call Number E312.74. Citations: 3. Collects all known correspondence between Washington and Bryan Fairfax (1736-1802), most of which has been published previously. VMHB 91: 109-110. 662 Taft, Barbara, ed. Absolute Liberty: A Selection from the Articles and Papers of Caroline Robbins. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books for the Conference on British Studies and Wittenberg University, 1982. xxii, 460 pp. ISBN 0208019553; OCLC 8194981; LC Call Number DA375 .R59. Citations: 6. Presents 16 essays covering Andrew Marvell, religious liberty, the English idea of natural rights, William Popple (1638-1708), the radical tradition as interpreted by Francis Hutcheson, Thomas Hollis, and Thomas Pownall, the influence of Algernon Sidney’s Discourses Covering Government, and American definitions of “pursuit of happiness,” and rights and grievances. PMHB 108: 109-110. 663 Taylor, Robert J., ed. Papers of John Adams. Series III: General Correspondence and Other Papers of the Adams Statesmen. Vol. 5: August 1776-March 1778. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1983. xlv, 410 pp. ISBN 0674654455; OCLC 2874335; LC Call Number E302 .A275. Citations: 4. Papers cover John Adams’s presidency of the Board of War, military committees of the Continental Congress, Washington’s retreat from New York, the New Jersey campaigns (1776-77), and the victory at Saratoga. JAH 71: 858-59; JSH 51: 96-98; PMHB 108: 237-39; WMQ 47: 459-63. 664 Taylor, Robert J., ed. Papers of John Adams. Series III: General Correspondence and Other Papers of the Adams Statesmen. Vol. 6: MarchAugust 1778. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University

176 Books on Early American History and Culture Press, 1983. xi, 465 pp. OCLC 2874335; LC Call Number E302 .A275. Citations: 5. Papers largely examine efforts to secure foreign aid, particularly from France, and John Adams’s service as commissioner to France. JAH 71: 858-59; JSH 51: 96-98; PMHB 108: 237-39; WMQ 47: 459-63. 665 Thomas, D.O. and Bernard Peach, eds. The Correspondence of Richard Price. Vol. 1: July 1748-March 1778. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1983. ISBN 082230452X; OCLC 8709388; LC Call Number B1382 .P731. Citations: 16. Letters cover Price’s work on religious liberty, the economics of life insurance, and legislation on British national debt. Includes correspondence with Benjamin Franklin, Charles Chauncy, Ezra Stiles, William Petty, and William Pitt. CH 53: 557-58; WMQ 41: 321-23. 666 Treadway, Sandra Gioia, ed. Journals of the Council of the State of Virginia. Vol. 5: 13 November 1788-29 November 1791. Richmond: Virginia State Library, 1982. xi, 464 pp. OCLC 10464456; LC Call Number J87 .V94. Citations: 2. Publishes the records of the Virginia Council of State during the governorship of Beverley Randolph. Documents take up customs work, appointment of inspectors, justices of the peace, jailers, coroners, sheriffs, and militia officers, as well as the granting of pardons, the issuance of ship registries, payment approvals, pension applications, and ceremonial matters. JSH 49: 492; VMHB 91: 118. 667 Twohig, Dorothy, ed. The Papers of George Washington: The Journal of the Proceedings of the President, 1793-1797. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1981. xvii, 393 pp. ISBN 0813908744; OCLC 6421605; LC Call Number E312.8. Citations: 13. Presents daily accounts of the president’s business, including western settlement, land grants, and international trade. AgH 51: 481; JSH 48: 568-69; OH 92: 166-67; PMHB 106: 434-35; VMHB 91: 120-21; WMQ 41: 169-71. 668 Wharton, Leslie. Polity and the Public Good: Conflicting Theories of Republican Government in the New Nation. Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Research, 1981. 147 pp. ISBN 0835711552; OCLC 7179341; LC Call Number JA84.U5 W48. Citations: 1. Discusses the Framers’ conflicting ideas about republicanism as illustrated by the writings of John Taylor of Caroline (southern agrarian), John Adams (New England conservative), and Alexander Hamilton (capitalist). Focuses on the social and economic grounding that each used to support their theories about government. Choice 18: 1479. 669 White, David Hart. Vicente Folch, Governor in Spanish Florida, 17871811. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1981. viii, 111 pp.

Politics and Government 177 ISBN 0819115983 (hbk.); ISBN 0819115991 (pbk.); OCLC 7553557; LC Call Number F314 .W59. Citations: 1. Presents a brief biography of Folch, a local governor who served in a number of military posts and administered districts in Spanish Florida for more than two decades. FHQ 61: 183-85; JSH 49: 497. 670 Willcox, William B., ed. The Papers of Benjamin Franklin. Vol. 22: March 23, 1775 through October 27, 1776. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1982. liii, 726 pp. OCLC 310601; LC Call Number E302 .F82. Citations: 18. Papers cover the beginning of the Revolutionary War, Franklin’s activities as a delegate to Congress, development of the postal service, efforts to petition the King, service on the Committee of Safety, Indian affairs, paper currency, the British evacuation of Boston, Franklin’s commission to Canada, the drafting of the Declaration of Independence, the British capture of New York, and Franklin’s appointment as commissioner to France. EAL 18: 114; Penn Hist 50: 52-53; PMHB 107: 146-49; WMQ 42: 530-34. 671 Willcox, William B., ed. The Papers of Benjamin Franklin. Vol. 23: October 27, 1776 through April 30, 1777. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1983. lix, 664 pp. OCLC 310601; LC Call Number E302 .F82. Citations: 13. Letters cover Franklin’s service in France, meetings with Vergennes, and Franklin’s appointment as commissioner to Spain. EAL 19: 99-100; Penn Hist 51: 176-77; WMQ 42: 530-34. 672 Willcox, William B., ed. The Papers of Benjamin Franklin. Vol. 24: May 1 through September 30, 1777. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1984. lvi, 602 pp. OCLC 310601; LC Call Number E302 .F82. Citations: 8. Papers take up Franklin’s role as scientist, continued service in France, war funding issues, the Silas Deane affair, privateering, and problems involving Thomas Morris. EAL 20: 83-84; Penn Hist 52: 210-11; WMQ 42: 530-34.

21 Law

673 Arnold, Morris S. Unequal Laws Unto a Savage Race: European Legal Traditions in Arkansas, 1686-1836. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1985. xviii, 243 pp. ISBN 0938626337; OCLC 10483789; LC Call Number KFA3678 .A76. Citations: 16. Examines legal issues of French and Spanish settlements in Arkansas, particularly involving military governance. Argues that European civil law was weak in Arkansas and that, therefore, Jefferson’s post-1803 efforts to remake a legal system based on republican ideas was relatively successful. AHR 93: 494; AJLH 33: 371-73; Choice 23: 658; JAH 73: 174; JER 8: 205-207. 674 Chapin, Bradley. Criminal Justice in Colonial America, 1606-1660. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1983. xiii, 203 pp. ISBN 082030624X; OCLC 8283042; LC Call Number KF9223 .C53. Citations: 39. Seek to determine the “relative percentages of English, indigenous, and biblical law as found in the American jurisdictions in 1660.” Focuses on jurisdictions in New England, Maryland, and Virginia. Argues that New Englanders were quite litigious and that their Mosaic strictures did not last past the first generation. Concludes that throughout the colonies law was simpler than in England. Choice 20: 1519; GHQ 67: 374-75; JAH 70: 868-69; JAS 18: 119-20; WMQ 41: 305-307. 675 Coquillette, Daniel R., et al, eds. Law in Colonial Massachusetts, 16301800. Boston: Colonial Society of Massachusetts, 1984. lxviii, 608 pp. OCLC 11689604; LC Call Number KFM2478 .L38. Citations: 34. Presents 19 essays covering such things as qualifications of colonial lawyers and judges, professionalism, the importance of Thomas Lechford, Nathaniel Byfield, and John Clark, the law of poverty, criminal law, the evolution of federalism,

180 Books on Early American History and Culture common law, legal terminology, court systems, procedural rules, and court records. AHR 93: 228-29; HJM 16: 224-25. 676 Cushing, John D., ed. A Bibliography of the Laws and Resolves of the Massachusetts Bay, 1642-1780. Wilmington, Del: Michael Glazier, 1984. xxiv, 372 pp. ISBN 0894530000; OCLC 10829144; LC Call Number KFM2400 .B52. Citations: 1. Lists laws and resolves of Massachusetts and acts of Parliament and the Continental Congress related to the colony. Contains 1,125 entries arranged chronologically. Choice 22: 658. 677 Dickinson, John Alexander. Justice et justiciables: la procédure civile à la prévôté de Québec, 1667-1759. Quebec: Les Presses de l’Université Laval, 1982. viii, 289 pp. ISBN 2763769683; LC Call Number KEQ1076 .P7 D53. Citations: 11. Examines the registers of civil cases brought before the Quebec lower court between 1667 and 1759, as well as similar records for Falaise, Normandy. Describes the role of the prévôte in colonial society in comparison to France. Finds that bringing a case in Canada was only slightly less expensive than in France and that litigation declined in the eighteenth century. Notes that most cases were brought by townspeople (a disproportionate number of whom were merchants) and that few were brought by servants, apprentices, and military officers. Discovers that the percentage of cases involving property increased, even as the total number of cases fell. Concludes that, while the courts helped the ruling classes, decisions were generally fair and not based on favor. CHR 64: 582-83. 678 Ferguson, Robert A. Law and Letters in American Culture. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1984. viii, 417 pp. ISBN 0674514653; OCLC 10727206; LC Call Number PS217 .L37 F47. Citations: 150. Studies legal education and thought prior to the Civil War. Seeks “to explore the nexus between law and literature in the early republic” and “to examine the rhetoric within republican writings and to reassess its place in American literary culture.” AHR 90: 1007; Am J Soc 91: 710; Choice 22: 988; EAL 20: 75-76; History 72: 472; JAH 73: 166; NEQ 58: 117; NYT Bk Rev (27 Jan 85): 23; PMHB 112: 28991; WMQ 43: 325-26. 679 Finkelman, Paul. Slavery in the Courtroom: An Annotated Bibliography of American Cases. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1985. xxvii, 312 pp. ISBN 0844404314; OCLC 9686320; LC Call Number KF4545 .S5 A123. Citations: 19. Annotates Library of Congress pamphlets related to legal cases on slavery. Includes material on 61 slavery cases between 1772 and 1861. Entries summarize each case and describe relevant pamphlets. Organizes entries thematically and includes 47 illustrations.

Law

181

GHQ 70: 181-82; OH 96: 86-87; PMHB 110: 580-81. 680 Goebel, Julius, Jr., Joseph H. Smith, Winnifred Bowers, Allan S. Hecht, Dorothy Burne Goebel, Betty J. Thomas, and Edith Sternberg Smith, eds. The Law Practice of Alexander Hamilton: Documents and Commentary. Vol. 5. New York: Columbia University Press, 1981. xv, 754 pp. ISBN 0231089295; LC Call Number KF363.H3 G6. Citations: 3. Includes Hamilton’s law register and cashbook for the years 1795 to 1804. Documents cover Hamilton’s involvement in civil suits, criminal actions, disputes over bills and contracts, land, wills, and marine insurance cases. Also sheds light on household expenses and income. JAH 69: 437. 681 Haas, Edward F., ed. Louisiana’s Legal Heritage. Pensecola, Fla.: Perdido Bay Press, 1983. xiii, 212 pp. ISBN 0933776128; LC Call Number KFL78 .L68. Citations: 19. Presents ten essays on Louisiana’s early legal system. Articles cover preservation of legal resources, the survival of Franco-Hispanic civil law, legal history sources, laws governing women in French Louisiana, Spanish laws on sex and marriage, the law of slavery (1769-1803), Plessy v. Ferguson, legal problems of industrial, commercial, and population growth, the Slaughterhouse Monopoly Act of 1869, early sources of Louisiana law, and the work of the Territorial Court (1804-1808). LH 26: 77-79. 682 Hall, Kermit L. A Comprehensive Bibliography of American Constitutional and Legal History, 1896-1979. 5 vols. Millwood, N.Y.: Kraus International, 1984. ISBN 0527374083; OCLC 9541252; LC Call Number KF4541 .H34. Citations: 12. Includes over 18,000 items on the American Constitution and legal system published between 1896 and 1979. Organizes dissertations, books, and journal articles by general sources, institutions, Constitutional doctrine, legal doctrine, and biographical, chronological, and geographical works. Choice 22: 1142. 683 Hartog, Hendrik, ed. Law in the American Revolution and the Revolution in the Law: A Collection of Review Essays on American Legal History. New York: New York University Press, 1981. xiii, 264 pp. ISBN 0814734138; OCLC 7554263; LC Call Number KF352 .A2 L38. Citations: 26. Collects essays on Revolutionary legal history. Includes articles on Thomas Hutchinson, Whig views of law, and the relationship between eighteenthcentury theory and the modern world. GHQ 67: 111-113. 684 Hartog, Hendrik. Public Property and Private Power: The Corporation of the City of New York in American Law, 1730-1870. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983. xiv, 274 pp. ISBN 0801495601; OCLC 18907217; LC Call Number KFX2015 .H37. Citations: 112.

182 Books on Early American History and Culture Describes the transition of city government from protector of local interests with limited power to a more modern regulatory agency, its interactions with state government and its role in curbing powers of corporations. Explains that “By 1865, the corporation of the city of New York had become legally indistinguishable from propertyless institutions of derivative public administration” and “existed only as a function of its representation of the interests of the state.” AHR 89: 1149; AJLH 34: 322-23; BHR 59: 120-21; Choice 21: 167; JAH 71: 383-84; NYH 66: 330-31; PMHB 108: 384-85; WMQ 42: 551-52. 685 Haskins, George Lee and Herbert A. Johnson. The Oliver Wendell Holmes Devise History of the Supreme Court of the United States. Vol. 2: Foundations of Power: John Marshall, 1801-15. New York: Macmillan, 1981. xiv, 687 pp. ISBN 0025413600; OCLC 27443389; LC Call Number KF8742 .A45. Citations: 77. Examines the Marshall court, Jeffersonian politics, and the federal courts and their everyday operations. Argues that Marshall emphasized seniority and deference “to obtain acquiescence from those of his associates who outranked him in age and service to the Republic if not in professional knowledge and energy.” Concludes that the Court created procedural rules that established foundations “used for broader and more obvious national purposes” between 1819 and 1824. JAH 70: 147-48; PMHB 106: 305-307; WMQ 40: 336-38. 686 Henderson, Dwight F. Congress, Courts, and Criminals: The Development of Federal Criminal Law, 1801-1829. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1985. x, 257 pp. ISBN 0313246009; OCLC 11550614; LC Call Number KF9219 .H39. Citations: 14. Considers development of American federal criminal law in the early nineteenth century, including the view of the justice system as a protector of society, its evolution in relation to social and economic change, the role of politics, and the threat of oppression. Concludes that the application of federal criminal law was very political, that the law was difficult to apply in areas where regulation was widely opposed, and that development of a national criminal justice system has been impossible. AHR 91: 1266; Choice 23: 1215; JAH 73: 746; JER 6: 316-17. 687 Johnson, Herbert A. Essays on New York Colonial Legal History. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1981. x, 269 pp. ISBN 0313208743; OCLC 7552381; LC Call Number KFN5078 .J63. Citations: 5. Publishes eight essays and a bibliography on colonial legal history. Articles cover historiography, New York common law, customs law, colonial courts, civil procedures, English statutes, and John Jay’s influence. NYH 67: 122. 688 Konefsky, Alfred S. and Andrew J. King, eds. The Papers of Daniel Webster. Legal Papers. Vol. 1: The New Hampshire Practice. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1982. xl, 571 pp. ISBN 0874512328; OCLC

Law

183

8692795; LC Call Number KF368 .W4 K6; LC Call Number E337.8 .W222. Citations: 18. Documents cover Webster’s education in law and his practice in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, especially debt collection, insurance, and maritime cases. Choice 21: 633; JAH 70: 887; JSH 50: 644-46; NEQ 57: 453; RAH 18: 44; WMQ 41: 329-30. 689 Konefsky, Alfred S. and Andrew J. King, eds. The Papers of Daniel Webster. Legal Papers. Vol. 2: The Boston Practice. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1983. xx, 694 pp. ISBN 0874512409; OCLC 8692795; LC Call Number KF368 .W4 K6; LC Call Number E337.8 .W222. Citations: 14. Covers Webster’s move in 1816 to Boston and his corporate clients in transportation and manufacturing. Choice 21: 633; JSH 50: 644-46; WMQ 41: 329-30. 690 Marcus, Maeva and James R. Perry, eds. The Documentary History of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1789-1800. Vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press, 1985. lxxii, 999 pp. ISBN 0231088671; OCLC 11727302; LC Call Number KF8742 .A45 D66. Citations: 29. Gives information on the lawyers who practiced before the Supreme Court and publishes documents illustrating the development of the Court, including those regarding John Jay’s term and resignation, and appointments to the Court. JAH 73: 742; JAS 22: 483-84; JSH 53: 318-20; PMHB 111: 126-27. 691 Prest, Wilfred, ed. Lawyers in Early Modern Europe and America. New York: Holmes and Meier Publishers, 1981. 216 pp. ISBN 0841906793; OCLC 6788604; LC Call Number K115 .Z9 L28. Citations: 48. Essays cover the early modern English legal profession, common lawyers, the English bar in the late-sixteenth through the early nineteenth century, the legal profession in colonial North America, advocacy in early modern Scotland, lawyering in pre-revolutionary France, and law and litigation in Castile from the sixteenth through the mid-eighteenth centuries. Choice 18: 1592. 692 Reese George, ed. Proceedings in the Court of Vice-Admiralty of Virginia, 1698-1775. Richmond: Virginia State Library, 1983. xiv, 121 pp. ISBN 0884901130; OCLC 9196559; LC Call Number KF1111 .V57. Citations: 0. Presents all known records for the Virginia Court of Vice-Admiralty, along with commentary and introduction of documents. JSH 50: 514. 693 Ritz, Wilfred J. American Judicial Proceedings First Printed Before 1801: An Analytical Bibliography. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1984. xlviii, 364 pp. ISBN 0313240574; OCLC 10020178; LC Call Number KF3 .R57. Citations: 10.

184 Books on Early American History and Culture Lists works on colonial American and English judicial proceedings, court rules, and American accounts of trials in England and on the European continent. Organizes items chronologically within jurisdiction and by subject. Choice 22: 406; NYH 67: 126-27. 694 Roeber, A.G. Faithful Magistrates and Republican Lawyers: Creators of Virginia Legal Culture, 1680-1810. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981. xix, 292 pp. ISBN 080781461X; OCLC 6555226; LC Call Number KFV2478 .R63. Citations: 51. Characterizes early Virginia’s lawyers as textually oriented elites who threatened the oral, independent, and virtuous justices of the peace. Notes that early lawyers modeled themselves after English practitioners, yet survived revolutionary hostilities by styling themselves as devoted patriots aligned with Country ideology. Concludes that many Virginians “correctly felt that lawyers, indebtedness, opulence, and litigiousness all went together” and threatened Republican virtue. AHR 87: 845; GHQ 67: 111-13; JAH 68: 916; JSH 48: 95-96; VMHB 90: 37880; WMQ 40: 317-19. 695 Stites, Francis N. John Marshall: Defender of the Constitution. Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, 1981. ix, 181 pp. ISBN 0316816698; OCLC 7106526; LC Call Number KF8745 .M3 S78. Citations: 15. Describes Marshall’s life in Virginia, his lawyering, political career, and his Supreme Court years. Notes that Marshall’s tenure on the Supreme Court was marked by periods of consolidation, dominance, accommodation, and finally decline. Highlights contrasts between Marshall’s Federalist views and those of Jefferson’s followers. AHR 86: 1148; Choice 18: 1158; JAH 68: 657; WMQ 39: 392-94. 696 Waite, Peter, Sandra Oxner, and Thomas Barnes, eds. Law in a Colonial Society: The Nova Scotia Experience. Toronto: Carswell Company, 1984. xii, 212 pp. ISBN 0459364200; OCLC 11917182; LC Call Number KEN7565 .L39. Citations: 28. Publishes papers presented at a 1983 conference. Articles take up constitutionalism in Massachusetts Bay prior to the American Revolution (including the role of James Otis), crimes at sea, the Lower Court of Nova Scotia, the amalgamation of British and American legal traditions in preRevolutionary Nova Scotia, popular resistance to authority, day-to-day criminal prosecutions, attorneys general of Nova Scotia, the relationship between maritime provinces and the Supreme Court of Canada, and the origins and sources of law in Nova Scotia. CHR 67: 296-99

22 Crime and Punishment

697 Hoffer, Peter Charles and William B. Scott, eds. American Legal Records. Vol. 10: Criminal Proceedings in Colonial Virginia: Records of Fines, Examination of Criminals, Trials of Slaves, etc., from March 1710 to 1754, Richmond County, Virginia. Athens: University of Georgia Press for the American Historical Association, 1984. lxxvi, 262 pp. ISBN 0820307203; OCLC 10483776; LC Call Number KFV2916 .R5 A7. Citations: 1. Reproduces manuscripts related to the history of crime in the county. Finds that, “As the century passed, the courts of Richmond County imposed more and more severe sentences and punishments.” GHQ 70: 132-34; JSH 52: 290-91; NCHR 63: 124-25; VMHB 94: 370. 698 Horwood, Harold and Ed Butts. Pirates and Outlaws of Canada, 16101932. New York: Doubleday, 1984. 260 pp. ISBN 0385183739; OCLC 10711871; LC Call Number F1029.9 .H67. Citations: 6. Examines highway robbery and privateering in Canada, considering the impact of mercantilism, laissez-faire economics, and corporate capitalism on such activities. Argues that mercantilist competition resulted in Newfoundland privateering and piracy around 1760 and that lawlessness moved westward into frontier northern Ontario. GHQ 69: 140-41. 699 Mackey, Philip English. Hanging in the Balance: The Anti-Capital Punishment Movement in New York State, 1776-1861. New York: Garland, 1982. x, 355 pp. ISBN 082404861X; OCLC 7976925; LC Call Number HV8694 .M24. Citations: 12. Discusses arguments for and against capital punishment in Enlightenment-era New York. Notes that there was a dramatic reduction in the number of capital

186 Books on Early American History and Culture crimes by 1796, but that efforts to abolish the death penalty were strongly opposed by clergy members. JAH 70: 139-40.

23 Diplomacy

700 Alsop, Susan Mary. Yankees at the Court: The First Americans in Paris. Garden City, N.J.: Doubleday, 1982. xiv, 319 pp. ISBN 0385156359; OCLC 7812765; LC Call Number E249 .A47. Citations: 4. Discusses Americans in Paris from the beginning of the American Revolution through 1785. Describes the origins of French aid, the background and conclusion of the treaties of 1778, and peace negotiations. GHQ 67: 293; JAH 70: 138-39; LJ 107: 726. 701 Bennett, Charles E. Florida's 'French" Revolution, 1793-1795. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1981. x, 218 pp. ISBN 0813006414; OCLC 7554385; LC Call Number F314 .B39. Citations: 2. Uses documents in the Library of Congress to examine French efforts to overthrow Spanish control of Florida. Argues that English settlers from Georgia and the Carolinas had a major hand in the ill-fated rebellion. Choice 19: 1627; FHQ 61: 185-87; JAH 69: 686. 702 Del Rió, Ángel. La Misión de Don Luis de Onís en los Estados Unidos (1809-1819). Barcelona: Talleres Navagrafik, 1981. 294 pp. OCLC 9466356; LC Call Number F314 .R54. Citations: 3. Details the work of Onis from 1809 through the 1819 conclusion of the AdamsOnis Treaty. Describes his views on the Louisiana Purchase and his opinions of American policies on land acquisition. Calls Onís "a prophet without honor in his own land." Includes appendices with correspondence, maps, and a bibliography. FHQ 61: 341-43.

188 Books on Early American History and Culture 703 Dull, Jonathan R. Franklin the Diplomat: The French Mission. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 72, Pt. 1. Philadelphia, Penn.: American Philosophical Society, 1982. 76 pp. ISBN 0871697211 (pbk.); OCLC 8394936; LC Call Number E302.6 .F8 D85; LC Call Number Q11 .P6. Citations: 5. Aims “to look at how [Franklin] approached his job as a diplomat and to evaluate his performance.” Finds that in France Franklin was less aggressive than he was while in England and that he made use of “calculated passivity” to win the favor of the French government. Argues that Franklin’s behavior as a diplomat came largely from his personality, namely his “hatred of controversy” and “tendency to believe the best of others.” Concludes that, overall, Franklin was indispensable to American diplomacy in a crucial period. Penn Hist 50: 55. 704 Egan, Clifford L. Neither Peace Nor War: Franco-American Relations, 1803-1812. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1983. xvi, 226 pp. ISBN 0807110760; OCLC 8785916; LC Call Number E183.8 .F8 E43. Citations: 17. Argues that Napoleonic France generally neglected America and made ineffectual attempts to start an Anglo-American war. Portrays American leaders as independent, nationalistic, and reluctant to go to war. AHR 89: 198; Choice 21: 877; JAS 18: 497; WMQ 41: 522-24. 705 Gifford, Prosser, ed. The Treaty of Paris (1783) in a Changing States System. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America for the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 1985. 206 pp. ISBN 0819147524 (hbk.); ISBN 0819147532 (pbk.); OCLC 12051530; LC Call Number E249 .T74. Citations: 5. Collects papers from a symposium marking the 200th anniversary of the ratification of the Treaty of Paris. Articles focus on the impact of the Revolution on the Atlantic community prior to the French Revolutionary wars and cover the mercantile system, international and British politics, the Irish, and Spain and its colonial possessions. WMQ 43: 682-85. 706 Hoffman, Ronald and Peter J. Albert, eds. Diplomacy and Revolution: The Franco-American Alliance of 1778. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia for the United States Capitol Historical Society, 1981. xii, 200 pp. ISBN 0813908647; OCLC 6222944; LC Call Number E249 .D5. Citations: 27. Publishes five essays on the Franco-American alliance, covering historiography, public celebrations organized by Anne Caesar de La Luzerne in 1782, the inevitability and high cost of the alliance, the role of the Comte de Vergennes, and the relationships of weaker and stronger powers. AHR 87: 531; JAH 68: 651-62; JSH 48: 277-78; VMHB 90: 238-39; WMQ 39: 721-22. 707 Lang, Daniel George. Foreign Policy in the Early Republic: The Law of Nations and the Balance of Power. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University

Diplomacy

189

Press, 1985. ix, 175 pp. ISBN 0807112550; OCLC 12103481; LC Call Number JX1412 .L36. Citations: 26. Explains that Hugo Grotius, John Locke and Emmerich de Vattel “rejected religious motives as a just cause for war,” and encouraged a shift to “secular foundations” for just-war thought. Points to Vattel’s Law of Nations (1758) as a key to blending “the universalism and categories of the just-war traditions with aspects of modern natural rights theory derived from Hobbes.” Claims that such ideas significantly influenced early U.S. foreign policy. AHR 93: 769; GHQ 70: 534-35; JAH 73: 738; JER 6: 309-310; NCHR 63: 54849; WMQ 44: 401-402. 708 Long, David F. Sailor-Diplomat: A Biography of Commodore James Biddle, 1783-1848. Boston, Mass.: Northeastern University Press, 1983. xvi, 312 pp. ISBN 0930350391; OCLC 8954322; LC Call Number E353.1 .B5 L66. Citations: 8. Discusses Biddle’s career as a naval commander and the development of the U.S. Navy from the Barbary Wars to the Mexican War. Describes Biddle’s diplomacy in China, Japan, South America, and Turkey as “major contributions to American foreign policy.” AHR 89: 849; Choice 21: 631; JAH 71: 123; PHR 53: 384-85; PMHB 108: 116117. 709 Marchione, Margherita, ed. Philip Mazzei: Selected Writings and Correspondence. 3 vols. Prato, Italy: Cassa di Risparmi e Despositi di Prato, 1983. OCLC 10768961; LC Call Number DG545.8 .M3 M37. Citations: 10. Includes about 1,200 documents written by, to, or about Mazzei. Items cover Mazzei’s service as Virginia’s agent in Europe during the American Revolution, his work in Paris on behalf of the King of Poland, and his later life as a “citizen of the world.” CJH 20: 278-80; WMQ 44: 148-50. 710 Masterson, William H. Tories and Democrats: British Diplomats in PreJacksonian America. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1985. xvi, 280 pp. ISBN 0890962243; OCLC 12369981; LC Call Number E183.8 .G7 M35. Citations: 6. Offers biographical sketches of nine British diplomatic representatives in the United States between 1791 and 1823, namely Anthony Merry, Stratford Canning, George Hammon, Robert Liston, Edward Thornton, Augustus Foster, Charles Bagot, Francis Jackson, and David Erskine. Concludes that Jackson, Erskine’s replacement, was “the most obnoxious professional then available among British diplomats” and that the “predictable result was a collapse of Anglo-American relations and a major step toward war.” AHR 91: 1267; JAH 73: 745; JAS 22: 151-52; JER 6: 317-18; JSH 53: 103-104. 711 Mugridge, Ian. United States Foreign Relations Under Washington and Adams: A Guide to the Literature and Sources. New York: Garland, 1982. xi, 88 pp. ISBN 0824097785; OCLC 7923729; LC Call Number Z6465 .U5 M8. Citations: 0.

190 Books on Early American History and Culture Provides 411 annotated entries covering secondary sources, published primary material, and important unpublished material. Includes items through 1977. Choice 19: 1540. 712 Reuter, Frank T. Trials and Triumphs: George Washington’s Foreign Policy. Fort Worth: Texas Christian University Press, 1983. xxiii, 249 pp. ISBN 0912646705; OCLC 9392467; LC Call Number E311 .R385. Citations: 3. Offers a history of Washington’s foreign policy for the general reader. Reviews diplomatic historiography and treats relations with Great Britain, Spain, and France. Contends that Washington was firmly in control of the new nation’s foreign policy. Choice 21: 1371; JAH 71: 388. 713 Stinchcombe, William. The XYZ Affair. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1981. xii, 167 pp. ISBN 0313222347; OCLC 6042740; LC Call Number E323 .S86. Citations: 17. Deals with the conflicts between France and the U.S. in the 1790s, including Adams’s motives for the French mission, the roles of the envoys, the impact of John Marshall on negotiations, the motivation of Tallyrand and his agents, and the efforts of Americans Joel Barlow and Fulwer Skipwith. Concludes that the XYZ Affair finally solidified American resolve to separate its fate from Europe. WMQ 39: 394-96. 714 Varg, Paul A. New England and Foreign Relations, 1789-1850. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1983. ix, 260 pp. ISBN 0874512247; OCLC 8826270; LC Call Number E310.7 .V33. Citations: 17. Explores American foreign policy from the view of New England, noting the influence of Congregationalism, Federalist-Whig ideology, and commercial and industrial interests. Choice 21: 185; JAH 70: 660; JAS 18: 495-96.

24 Military

715 Anderson, Fred. A People’s Army: Massachusetts Soldiers and Society in the Seven Years’ War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984. xii, 274 pp. ISBN 0807816116; OCLC 10404480; LC Call Number E199 .A58. Citations: 75. Studies Massachusetts soldiers’ experiences, attitudes toward—and motivation for—service, as well as warfare and diet. Explores the militia as an instrument of imperial policy. Finds that in the Seven Years’ War one-third of eligible males served and that those who served were not the dregs, but instead “broadly corresponded in composition with the makeup of [the] parent society.” Concludes that “war, as much as peace, typified New England life in the eighteenth century.” AHR 91: 174-75; CJH 20: 431-33; Choice 22: 1060; JAH 72: 390-91; JAS 20: 117-19; LJ 109: 2276; NEQ 58: 302; NY Rev Bks 32: 48; NYT Bk Rev (17 March 85): 27; PMHB 109: 399-400; WMQ 43: 127-30. 716 Bradford, James C., ed. Command Under Sail: Makers of the American Naval Tradition, 1775-1850. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1985. xvi, 333 pp. ISBN 0870211374; OCLC 11573367; LC Call Number V62 .C662. Citations: 5. Presents essays on Esek Hopkins, John Paul Jones, John Barry, Edward Preble, William S. Bainbridge, Oliver Hazard Perry, Thomas Macdonough, David Porter, Stephen Decatur, John Rodgers, Isaac Hull, and Robert F. Stockton. AHR 91: 234; Choice 23: 351; WMQ 43: 155-57. 717 Buckley, Roger Norman. The Haitian Journal of Lieutenant Howard, York Hussars, 1796-1798. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1985. liv, 194

192 Books on Early American History and Culture pp. ISBN 0870494767; OCLC 11812158; LC Call Number F1923 .H78. Citations: 4. Records the experiences of Lieutenant Thomas Phipps Howard on the British expedition to St. Domingue. Gives an introduction covering disease in the colony and background on the British army, particularly its late-eighteenthcentury weaknesses. Offers Howard’s opinions of Haitian rebels and views on German and French mercenaries. JAH 73: 743. 718 Carp. E. Wayne. To Starve the Army at Pleasure: Continental Army Administration and American Political Culture, 1775-1783. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984. xiii, 306 pp. ISBN 080781587X; OCLC 9970672; LC Call Number E259 .C37. Citations: 38. Explains that consistently “individual citizens, local magistrates, state officials, and members of the Continental Congress refused to accept that a well-equipped army was necessary to win the military victory that would guarantee American independence.” Finds that, given the relative lack of support for the army by Congress, “American victory at Yorktown seems a particularly remarkable achievement” and that “Americans won the War of Independence in spite of rather than because of their political ideals.” AHR 90: 482; CJH 20: 121; Choice 22: 480-81; GHQ 69: 91-94; JAH 71: 86061; JAS 21: 126-27; J Soc Hist 19: 544; LJ 109: 1239; NCHR 62: 106-107; NYH 67: 109-110; NY Rev Bks 32 (5 Dec 85): 48; Penn Hist 52: 43-44; PMHB 109: 86-87; VMHB 93: 214-16; WMQ 42: 541-42. 719 Charbonneau, André, Yvon Desloges, and Marc LaFrance. Québec, ville, fortifiée du XVIIe au XIXe siècle. Ottawa: Parks Canada, 1982. 491 pp. ISBN 2890110079; OCLC 9469799; LC Call Number F1054.5.Q3. Citations: 13. Studies fortification and urban planning in Quebec, including defense theory, the European background, administration of fortress building under the English and the French, the techniques of construction, the training of tradesmen, and the use of the corvee. Contends that French engineers effectively combined fortification and urban planning, while the British focused mostly on military aspects alone. Argues that additions to the fort after 1759 were very effective and helped to deter besiegement through the end of the eighteenth century. CHR 65: 106-107. 720 Clark, Murtie June, ed. Colonial Soldiers of the South, 1732-1774. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1983. xxviii, 1246 pp. ISBN 0806310367; OCLC 9882941; LC Call Number F208 .C58. Citations: 0. Publishes transcripts of extant military rolls for southern colonies. Includes a name index with approximately 40,000 entries. GHQ 68: 138. 721 Cress, Lawrence Delbert. Citizens in Arms: The Army and the Militia in American Society to the War of 1812. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1982. xiv, 240 pp. ISBN 080781508X; OCLC 7946439; LC Call Number E181 .C83. Citations: 51.

Military 193 Discusses U.S. military ideology and policy during the early republic. Argues that people feared central control more than a standing army. AHR 88: 751; Choice 20: 489; GHQ 67: 108-111; JAH 69: 966-67; JAS 18: 15354; NCHR 60: 125-26; PMHB 107: 310-311; WMQ 40: 649-51. 722 Dederer, John Morgan. Making Bricks Without Straw: Nathanael Greene’s Southern Campaign and Mao Tse-Tung’s Mobile War. Manhattan, Kan.: Sunflower University Press, 1983. i, 99 pp. ISBN 0897450493 (pbk.); OCLC 10490529; LC Call Number E236 .D43. Citations: 1. Argues that during the 1780-81 southern campaign, Greene became “the principal American innovator of what Mao was to call ‘mobile war,’” the middle stage between guerrilla war and significant conventional offensives. GHQ 68: 465; NCHR 61: 404. 723 DeGrummond, Jane Lucas. Renato Beluche, Smuggler, Privateer, and Patriot, 1780-1860. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1983. xiii, 300 pp. ISBN 080711054X; OCLC 8708311; LC Call Number F2235.5 .B45 D4. Citations: 8. Examines the life of Beluche, “a sea captain who engaged in contraband trade, privateering, and naval warfare.” Follows Beluche from his birth in New Orleans, through wars for independence in South America, settlement in Puerto Cabello in 1824, exile, and his later military career. Emphasizes Beluche’s surroundings, particularly the military milieu of Louisiana and Venezuela, Caribbean privateering, and prize court cases. AHR 89: 887; Choice 21: 339; FHQ 63: 106-107; GHQ 68: 93; History 69: 506. 724 Dunnigan, Brian Leigh. History and Development of Old Fort Niagara. Youngstown, N.Y.: Old Fort Niagara Association, 1985. 40 pp. OCLC 13511271; LC Call Number F129 .O42. Citations: 0. Describes political and military influences on Fort Niagara over time and physical changes to the Fort from the 1680s through the 1870s. NYH 68: 245. 725 Dunnigan, Brian Leigh. A History and Guide to Old Fort Niagara. Youngstown, N.Y.: Old Fort Niagara Association, 1985. 72 pp. OCLC 15869916; LC Call Number F129 .O42. Citations: 1. Offers a narrative of the Fort Niagara site from 1679 through 1963, with a focus on seventeenth-century French construction and eighteenth-century uses. NYH 68: 245. 726 Egly, T.W., Jr. History of the First New York Regiment, 1775-1783. Hampton, N.H.: Peter E. Randall, 1981. xii, 376 pp. OCLC 7463244; LC Call Number E263 .N6 E34. Citations: 3. Follows the First New York Regiment from New York City recruiting through battles at Quebec, White Plains, Monmouth, and Yorktown. Discusses movement and encampment throughout New York and the Regiment’s time at Valley Forge. Notes the efforts of Alexander McDougall and Goose Van

194 Books on Early American History and Culture Schaick to keep the unit organized and supplied. Discusses daily lives of soldiers, their discipline, hardships, and post-war lives. NYH 63: 105-106. 727 Fowler, William M. Jack Tars and Commodores: The American Navy, 1783-1815. Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1984. xiii, 318 pp. ISBN 0395353149; OCLC 10277756; LC Call Number VA58.4 .F69. Citations: 13. Describes life in the early U.S. navy, especially training and shipbuilding. Includes a bibliographical essay. Choice 22: 610; JAH 72: 138; LJ 109 (July 84): 1323; NYT Bk Rev (26 Aug 84): 17. 728 Frey, Sylvia R. The British Soldier in America: A Social History of Military Life in the Revolutionary Period. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981. xii, 211 pp. ISBN 0292780400; OCLC 7176250; LC Call Number U767 .F73. Citations: 28. Presents a picture of the average British soldier and his identification with his unit. Finds that “the average soldier was a mature man of about thirty years of age who had joined the army when he was around twenty years old.” Notes that most common soldiers were “[i]ll-fed, ill-housed, poorly paid, uneducated, bored, diseased, depressed,” and during their service “continued to live povertystricken lives with their wives or whores and their crying children.” AHR 87: 530; Choice 19: 435; GHQ 65: 281-83; JAH 68: 919-20; PMHB 106: 301-305. 729 Fry, Bruce W. “An Appearance of Strength”: The Fortifications of Louisbourg. 2 vols. Quebec: National Historic Parks and Sites Branch, Parks Canada, 1984. 214 pp. ISBN 0660115514 (pbk. Vol. 1); ISBN 0660115522 (pbk. Vol. 2); OCLC 11420000. Citations: 7. Studies the development of European fortifications and the fort of Louisbourg, an “Old World fortress in a New World” using “a synthesis of archaeological, historical and architectural evidence.” Finds that “climatic conditions caused and are causing unending maintenance problems” at the fortifications. Am Ant 51: 439; CHR 68: 662-63. 730 Geggus, David Patrick. Slavery, War, and Revolution: The British Occupation of Saint Domingue, 1793-1798. New York: Clarendon Press, 1982. ix, 492 pp. ISBN 0198226349; OCLC 8827515; LC Call Number F1923 .G37. Citations: 54. Examines the British occupation of Saint Domingue, particularly the historiography of St. Domingue, mortality among British troops, and military issues. Argues that occupation was “essentially aggressive and not inspired by fear for Jamaica’s safety” and that, ironically, Britain’s failure to suppress the Saint Domingue slave rebellion made such an event more likely in Jamaica. Concludes that war and occupation sped up destruction of the plantation economy and brought on “the most profound change then taking place in the Caribbean.” AHR 88: 503; Choice 20: 163; WMQ 40: 333-36.

Military 195 731 Gélinas, Cyrille. The Role of Fort Chambly in the Development of New France, 1665-1760. Ottawa, Ont.: Parks Canada, 1983. 76 pp. ISBN 0660113406 (pbk.); OCLC 10737735; LC Call Number F1054.5 .C44. Citations: 4. Discusses the military importance of the Richilieu Valley in the struggle between the English and French in North America. Describes soldiers’ lives and forts constructed in the region, particularly Chambly (1702). NYH 64: 341. 732 Guitard, Michelle. The Militia of the Battle of the Chateauguay: A Social History. Ottawa, Ont.: Parks Canada, 1985. 147 pp. [in English]; 150 pp. [in French]. ISBN 0660113880 (pbk.); OCLC 10530116; LC Call Number E356 .C4 G8513. Citations: 3. Describes the Canadian militiamen who defeated a much larger invading force of Americans in October 1813. Discusses militiamen’s early lives, living conditions, equipment, training, beliefs, and homes. Pays close attention to their social backgrounds and the later, mythic aspects of the battle. CHR 66: 299-300; NYH 68: 450. 733 Harding, Margery H., ed. George Rogers Clark and His Men: Military Records, 1778-1784. Frankfort: Kentucky Historical Society, 1982. xviii, 244 pp. ISBN 0916968103; OCLC 8233457; LC Call Number E255 .H35. Citations: 0. Contains indexed soldier lists from the Virginia archives relating to the opening of the West. Includes information on “troops’ socio-economic origins, [and] the status of militiamen and state troops in frontier society.” FCHQ 58: 72-74. 734 Hemperley, Marion R. Military Certificates of Georgia, 1776-1800 on File in the Surveyor General Department. Atlanta: Georgia Surveyor General Department, 1983. ii, 157 pp. OCLC 10505099; LC Call Number F285 .H45. Citations: 0. Abstracts Georgia bounty certificates and gives a history of the records. Reprints complete texts of unusual certificates and presents a brief history of Georgia military units in the Revolution and the Oconee War. GHQ 68: 92. 735 Higginbotham, Don. George Washington and the American Military Tradition. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1985. xii, 170 pp. ISBN 0820307866; OCLC 11677126; LC Call Number E312.17 .H63. Citations: 15. Explores Washington’s military career through the Revolution and compares him to George C. Marshall. Explains that Washington “behaved very professionally by the standards of his time, both in the French and Indian War and in the War of Independence,” that he had a good understanding of and respect for “civil control of the military and all that it meant” and that this was “his most admirable soldierly quality” and “his foremost contribution to the American military tradition.”

196 Books on Early American History and Culture AHR 92: 202; Choice 23: 1450; GHQ 70: 530-32; History 72: 472; JAH 73: 456; JER 6: 308-309; JSH 53: 99-100; LJ 110 (Dec 85): 114; NCHR 63: 407; OH 96: 91-92; VMHB 94: 480-81; WMQ 44: 146-48. 736 Hutcheon, Wallace, Jr. Robert Fulton: Pioneer of Undersea Warfare. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1981. xiii, 191 pp. ISBN 0870215477; OCLC 7007728; LC Call Number VM140 .F9 H87. Citations: 6. Studies Fulton’s activities related to underwater explosives, submarines, and the military use of steamboats in France, Britain, and the U.S. Places Fulton’s work in the context of similar work being done by others in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. JAH 68: 660. 737 Johnston, A.J.B. The Summer of 1744: A Portrait of Life in 18th Century Louisbourg/L ’été de 1744: La vie quotidienne à Louisbourg au XVIIIe Siècle. Ottawa: National Historic Parks and Sites Branch, Parks Canada, Environment Canada, 1983. 119 pp. ISBN 0660112639 (pbk.); OCLC 9528979; LC Call Number F1039.5 .L8 J64. Citations: 2. Restates much material from Louisbourg from Its Foundation to Its Fall, 171358 (1918) and Yankees at Louisbourg (1967), “supplemented by primary research into the documents they cited.” Examines the early months of King George’s War. CHR 65: 302. 738 Martin, James Kirby and Mark Edward Lender. A Respectable Army: The Military Origins of the Republic, 1763-1789. Arlington Heights, Ill.: Harlan Davidson, 1982. xvi, 240 pp. ISBN 0882958127 (pbk.); OCLC 7947493; LC Call Number E230 .M34. Citations: 19. Examines major campaigns of the Revolution and “the search for a stable and enduring republican order.” Argues that after 1776, the poor in American society began supporting the Continental Army in larger numbers and that “the pattern of service obligation was coming to resemble that of eighteenth-century England,” that of upper-class leadership and lower class enlistment. JSH 50: 111-12; NCHR 60: 124-25; WMQ 41: 312-14. 739 Nelson, Paul David. Anthony Wayne: Soldier of the Early Republic. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985. x, 303 pp. ISBN 0253307511; OCLC 11518827; LC Call Number E207 .W35 N34. Citations: 19. Presents a biography of Wayne, including his family background, career as a surveyor and land manager, political life in Pennsylvania and Georgia, and military service. Characterizes Wayne as “a prudent and careful officer” who was methodical in his military campaigns in the Ohio River valley. Concludes that Wayne thrived on “glory, splendor, pomp, excitement, blood hatreds, destruction, and danger.” AHR 91: 729; Choice 23: 1132; IMH 82: 287-88; JAS 20: 494; JER 6: 180-81; JSH 55: 116-117; NCHR 63: 407-408; NYH 67: 378-79; OH 96: 160-61; PHR 56: 451; Penn Hist 53: 327-28; PMHB 110: 464-65; WMQ 43: 501-503.

Military 197 740 Servies, James A., ed. The Log of H.M.S. Mentor, 1780-1781: A New Account of the British Navy at Pensacola. Pensacola: University Presses of Florida, 1982. xi, 207 pp. ISBN 0813007046; OCLC 7171983; LC Call Number F314 .M56. Citations: 4. Traces the history of the Mentor, from its construction in Maryland as a privateering vessel, its registration in Liverpool as the Who’s Afraid, and purchase by the Royal Navy, to its recommissioning as the Mentor (1780). Describes its use in the defense of the Gulf coast and Pensacola. FHQ 62: 82-84. 741 Shea, William L. The Virginia Militia in the Seventeenth Century. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1983. xi, 152 pp. ISBN 0807111066; OCLC 9283466; LC Call Number F229 .S53. Citations: 21. Discusses the origins and development of the early Virginia militia. Concludes that “Undoubtedly the most striking feature of the [Virginia] militia was its rapid, continuous evolution.” Suggests that, between 1624 and the mid-1630s, royal governors and colony assemblies fashioned “a rudimentary paramilitary system tolerably well suited to the peculiar geographic, economic, and social conditions of the colony.” AHR 89: 1145; Choice 21: 879-80; FCHQ 58: 477-78; GHQ 68: 260-62; JAH 71: 112; JSH 50: 633-34; NCHR 61: 395-96; WMQ 42: 279-81. 742 Shomette, Donald G. Pirates on the Chesapeake: Being a True History of Pirates, Picaroons, and Raiders on Chesapeake Bay, 1610-1807. Centreville, Md.: Tidewater Publishers, 1985. viii, 344 pp. ISBN 0870333437; OCLC 12420298; LC Call Number F187 .C5 S48. Citations: 2. Discusses Dutch, French, Spanish, and Loyalist privateering in and around the Chesapeake, including the role of colonial governments. Describes piracy and the efforts of Virginia and Maryland to deal with them, especially the military efforts of governors Nicholson and Spotswood. Argues that local efforts supported by the French navy were keys to success in controlling illegal activities on the water. JAH 73: 173; JSH 52: 614-15. 743 Stotz, Charles Morse. Outposts of the War for Empire: The French and English in Western Pennsylvania: Their Armies, Their Forts, Their People, 1749-1764. Pittsburgh: Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania by the University of Pittsburgh Press, 1985. xii, 203 pp. ISBN 0936340029; OCLC 12180608; LC Call Number F152 .S86. Citations: 2. Studies the Pennsylvania frontier, particularly Anglo-French conflicts and fortifications. Presents maps, drawings, and other illustrations. Choice 23: 508-509; OH 96: 75-77; Penn Hist 53: 235-37. 744 Stuart, Reginald C. War and American Thought from the Revolution to the Monroe Doctrine. Kent, Oh.: Kent State University Press, 1982. xvi, 245 pp. ISBN 0873382676; OCLC 7977781; LC Call Number E181 .S9. Citations: 23. Studies American wars from 1775 to 1820, including the Revolution, the Quasi War, and the War of 1812. Argues that American leaders inherited a limited

198 Books on Early American History and Culture war view from Enlightenment Europe, the idea that military action was seen as a means to specific ends. AHR 88: 752; Choice 20: 493; CJH 18: 286-87; GHQ 67: 108-111; JAH 70: 137; JAS 18: 140-41; JSH 49: 295-96; WMQ 40: 648-49. 745 Whitfield, Carol M. Tommy Atkins: The British Soldier in Canada, 17591870. Ottawa: National Historic Parks and Sites Branch, Parks Canada, Environment Canada, 1981. 239 pp. ISBN 0660110806 (pbk.); OCLC 9854664; LC Call Number F1001.H57x; LC Call Number U767. Citations: 3. Studies the daily lives of British soldiers in Canada, focusing on military administration, supplies, general orders, reading habits, desertion, crime within the ranks, recreation, and living quarters. Characterizes the typical soldier as likely to drink heavily and often tempted to desert. CHR 64: 556-57.

25 Ideas

746 Aldridge, A. Owen. Thomas Paine’s American Ideology. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1984. 327 pp. ISBN 0874132606; OCLC 10483195;LC Call Number E211 .P153 A43. Citations: 18. Analyzes Paine’s political writings between 1775 and 1787, focusing on pamphlets and newspaper articles. Concludes that Paine’s American works “are consistent with his later European writing,” and that he was essentially a “moderate” political philosopher whose ideas “do not differ fundamentally from Locke’s” and which also have strong similarity to Rousseau and Montesquieu. AHR 91: 174; Am Lit 57: 490; Choice 22: 1221; EAL 20: 178; JAH 72: 679-80; WMQ 42: 545-46. 747 Appleby, Joyce. Capitalism and a New Social Order: The Republican Vision of the 1790s. New York: New York University Press, 1984. x, 110 pp. ISBN 0814705812 (hbk.); ISBN 0814705839 (pbk.): OCLC 9783310; LC Call Number JA84 .U5 A75. Citations: 247. Explores the transition from republicanism to Lockean liberalism. Concludes that Federalists, not Jeffersonians “remained classical republicans” and that, by the end of the eighteenth century “virtue more often referred to a private quality, a man’s capacity to look out for himself and his dependents—almost the opposite of classical virtue.” AAAPSS 476: 203; AHR 90: 214; Choice 22: 179; JAH 72: 130-31; JAS 18: 42535; J Politics 49: 1127; Penn Hist 52: 46-47; WMQ 42: 399-403. 748 Attig, John C. The Works of John Locke: A Comprehensive Bibliography from the Seventeenth Century to the Present. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1985. xiv, 185 pp. ISBN 031324359X; OCLC 12235715; LC Call Number Z8513.45 .A87. Citations: 5.

200 Books on Early American History and Culture Covers various editions of Locke’s writings, providing annotations and pointing out inaccurate attributions. Offers language, title, and name indexes. Choice 23: 1367. 749 Axelrod, Alan, ed. The Colonial Revival in America: A Winterthur Book. New York: W.W. Norton, for the Henry Francis DuPont Winterthur Museum, 1985. x, 377 pp. ISBN 039301942X; OCLC 10850528; LC Call Number NX503.7 .C64. Citations: 68. Presents case studies on “revival,” including articles on Litchfield, Connecticut’s Federalist legacy, Puritan introspection, efforts of Rotary members to reshape Washington in their image, Victorian uses of the colonial past, and celebrations of “virtue.” AHR 91: 741; JAH 72: 930-31; PMHB 110: 462-63. 750 Bloch, Ruth. Visionary Republic: Millennial Themes in American Thought, 1756-1800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. xvi, 291 pp. ISBN 0521268117; OCLC 11676585; LC Call Number E209.B58. Citations: 103. Finds that “Until the late nineteenth century, and in many cases even beyond, millennialism provided a major intellectual framework through which Americans understood the general course of history and defined their national purpose,” and that, “far from merely reflecting or transmitting other components of revolutionary ideology, millennialism provided the main structure of meaning through which contemporary events were linked to an exalted image of an ideal world.” AHR 92: 478; CJH 22: 119-20; Choice 23: 1718; EAL 22: 228; History 72: 464; JAH 73: 1018; JAS 21: 147-48; JER 6: 301-302; J Relig 67: 559; NEQ 61: 439; PMHB 111: 127-29; Times Lit Supp (10 March 89): 261; WMQ 44: 813-16. 751 Breitwieser, Mitchell Robert. Cotton Mather and Benjamin Franklin: The Price of Representative Personality. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984. x, 309 pp. ISBN 0521267684; OCLC 10780868; LC Call Number F67 .M43 B74. Citations: 33. Seeks “to inhabit Mather’s and Franklin’s thought by reconstructing their particular coherences and to explicate those writings where the issue of selfdesign seems … to be literally, figurally or intriguingly present.” Argues that both Mather and Franklin “sought to provide their divided, fractious, litigious societies with a sense of group meaning and coherence through personal exemplification of an underlying commonality.” Concludes that the main difference between them involved the idea of “self.; for Mather, “the self is that which is to be governed, whereas for Franklin the self is that which is to govern.” Am Lit 58: 127; Am Scholar 55: 279; Choice 23: 787; EAL 20: 278-80; JAS 21: 136-38; NEQ 58: 492; PMHB 111: 562-64; WMQ 43: 141-42. 752 Burns, James MacGregor. American Experiment: The Vineyard of Liberty. New York : Knopf, 1981. xii, 741 pp. ISBN 0394505468; OCLC 8443502; LC Call Number El78 .B96. Citations: 32.

Ideas 201 Presents a political history of American self-government from the adoption of the Constitution through the Civil War. Argues that the “American rage for liberty” resulted in fragmented power, ambiguities, and a constant tension between the need for order and the desire for freedom. Finds that these Constitutional difficulties led to the evolution of a “second Constitution,” the party system. JAH 69: 689. 753 Cifelli, Edward M. David Humphreys. Boston, Mass.: Twayne, 1982. xv, 151 pp. OCLC 8051544; LC Call Number PS778 .H5 Z6. Citations: 3. Presents a biography of Humphreys, Washington’s secretary, Israel Putnam’s aide-de-camp, minister to Lisbon, and poet. Views Humphreys as “a prominent figure of the American Enlightenment.” Choice 20: 424; EAL 17: 254; JAH 70: 135-36. 754 Diggins, John Patrick. The Lost Soul of American Politics: Virtue, Selfinterest, and the Foundations of Liberalism. New York: Basic Books, 1984. xiii, 409 pp. ISBN 0465042430; OCLC 10950089; LC Call Number JA84 .U5 D53. Citations: 216. Argues that the republic was founded upon a mixture of Calvinism and liberalism, and that founders constantly struggled with the question of whether civic virtue could be maintained without Christian values. Concludes that Americans accepted the Devil’s bargain of liberalism and materialism because they deluded themselves into thinking that they were virtuous, independent, and selfless. AHR 92: 731; Choice 22: 1062; CSM (8 Jan 85): 25; GHQ 69: 633-34; JAH 72: 379; JAS 20: 467-68; LJ 109 (1 Nov 84): 2064; Nation 240 (8 June 85): 713; Natl Rev 37 (12 July 85): 50; New Republic 192 (10 June 85): 37; NY Rev Bks 32 (28 Feb 85): 29; NYT Bk Rev (13 Jan 85): 9; WMQ 43: 133-36. 755 Fiering, Norman. Moral Philosophy at Seventeenth-Century Harvard: A Discipline in Transition. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, 1981. xiv, 323 pp. ISBN 0807814598; OCLC 6487046; LC Call Number BJ352 .F53. Citations: 69. Studies moral thought, especially that of Charles Morton. Describes the decline of Aristotelian and scholastic thought, the rise of neo-Platonism, the influence of Cartesianism, and the relationship of philosophical developments to Puritanism. AHR 87: 528; CH 52: 236; EAL 18: 187-214; JAH 69: 136-37; PMHB 106: 28790; WMQ 39: 687-89. 756 Geissler, Suzanne. Jonathan Edwards to Aaron Burr, Jr.: From the Great Awakening to Democratic Politics. New York: Edwin Mellen Press, 1981. ix, 276 pp. ISBN 0889469067; OCLC 7554271; LC Call Number E302.6 .B9 G44. Citations: 9. Examines the career of Burr’s ancestors Jonathan Edwards, Sarah Pierrepont Edwards, Aaron Burr, Sr., and Esther Burr. Notes the influence of his education at Princeton, his service in the Revolution, his political career in New York, his role in the 1800 election, and the controversy with Alexander Hamilton. Argues

202 Books on Early American History and Culture that Burr’s “political ideas—social reform and western expansion—are easily in the Edwardsean tradition.” AHR 87: 848; CH 52: 237; JAH 69: 431-32; WMQ 40: 142-44. 757 Hoffer, Peter Charles. Revolution and Regeneration: Life Cycle and the Historical Vision of the Generation of 1776. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1984. xii, 166 pp. ISBN 0820306673 (hbk.); ISBN 0820306797 (pbk.); OCLC 9133416; LC Call Number El64 .H7. Citations: 13. Surveys four stages of nation building between 1763 and 1840, noting that in each leaders turned to history as an explanatory device. Contends that “the turnings and contradictions in the . . . revolutionaries’ historical ideas were not the products of momentary partisanship, caprice, or literary convention, but were part and parcel of their attempt to face the challenges of the life cycle.” AHR 89: 1389; Choice 21: 1369; GHQ 68: 85-87; JAH 71: 382-83; JSH 50: 46768; LJ 108 (Aug 83): 1480; NCHR 61: 128-29; WMQ 43: 321-23. 758 Jacob, Margaret and James Jacob, eds. The Origins of Anglo-American Radicalism. New York: Allen and Unwin, 1984. x, 333 pp. ISBN 0049090151; OCLC 9683507; LC Call Number HN400 .R3 O74. Citations: 104. Presents conference papers on seventeenth- and eighteenth-century AngloAmerican radicalism by nineteen authors. Essays focus on connections between radical elements in England and America, the definition of “radical,” and various types of radicalism prior to 1800. Articles cover Familism, female prophets during the English Civil War, the Putney Debates, emigration to America of English radicals after the Restoration, the radical idea of “Crown-inParliament” sovereignty, the Declaration of Rights, differences between “ruling Whiggism” and “radical Whiggism,” urban opposition to the Whigs between 1720 and 1760, the impact of religious enthusiasm on American society in the eighteenth century, urban artisans in the Revolution, and the transatlantic movement of radical ideas. AHR 90: 106-107; Choice 21: 1359; EHR 100: 848; Times Lit Supp (24 Aug 84): 939. 759 Kuklick, Bruce. Churchmen and Philosophers: From Jonathan Edwards to John Dewey. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1985. xx, 311 pp. ISBN 0300032692; OCLC 11112928; LC Call Number BT30 .U6 K85. Citations: 74. Examines the influence of Congregational philosophy from Edwards to Dewey. Finds that Congregational thought represents “the most sustained intellectual tradition the United States has produced” and that Dewey’s main contribution was to incorporate “what were recognized at the time as religious values into a scientific conception of man and nature.” AHR 91: 170; CH 55: 537-38; JAH 72: 939-40; JAS 21: 285-86. 760 Leary, Lewis. The Book-Peddling Parson: An Account of the Life and Works of Mason Locke Weems, Patriot, Pitchman, Author and Purveyor of Morality to the Citizenry of the Early United States of America. Chapel Hill,

Ideas 203 N.C.: Algonquin Books, 1984. xii, 158 pp. ISBN 0912697091; OCLC 10458256; LC Call Number PS3157 .W83 Z75. Citations: 7. Discusses Weems’s life as an itinerant preacher, author, and book salesman in Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas, Georgia, and Washington, D.C. Notes Weems’s heavy emphasis on moral instruction via historical tales and suggests that his writings reveal strong cultural tensions, especially between individualism and social harmony. EAL 20: 79-81. 761 Lehmann, Karl. Thomas Jefferson: American Humanist. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1985. xv, 273 pp. ISBN 0813910781; OCLC 12189380; LC Call Number E332.2 .L4. Citations: 9. Reprints a work that originally came out in 1965. Describes Jefferson’s “conversation with the ancients” and its marked influence on his beliefs and actions. JER 6: 208. 762 Lewis, Gordon K. Main Currents in Caribbean Thought: The Historical Evolution of Caribbean Society in its Ideological Aspects, 1492-1900. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983. x, 375 pp. ISBN 080182589X; OCLC 8762743; LC Call Number F2169 .L48. Citations: 56. Covers pro- and anti-slavery views and Caribbean nationalism through 1900. Argues that slaves created “a new, separate life, a new self-identity, indeed a new and syncretic world view.” Choice 21: 340. 763 Liss, Peggy K. Atlantic Empires: The Network of Trade and Revolution, 1713-1826. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983. xv, 348 pp. ISBN 0801827426; OCLC 8669472; LC Call Number HF3211 .L57. Citations: 45. Discusses the influence of English America on Latin America from the Treaty of Utrecht to the conference of Panama, especially via trade routes and the movement of written works. Characterizes early Latin American leaders as “not unlike the founding fathers of the United States—a comparison they themselves made in their frequent admiring references to Franklin and Washington, and to Jefferson’s thoughts on America. And with them they shared certain goals and views abetting revolution.” Choice 20: 1513-14; JAH 70: 646-47. 764 Marshall, P.J. and Glyndwr Williams. The Great Map of Mankind: Perceptions of New Worlds in the Age of Enlightenment. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982. 314 pp. ISBN 0674362101; OCLC 8806444; LC Call Number DA435.M37. Citations: 76. Surveys the views of Europeans toward the world during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Covers the work of Richard Hakluyt, John Churchill, John Campbell, and others. WMQ 41: 140-41.

204 Books on Early American History and Culture 765 Miller, Perry. Jonathan Edwards. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1981. xxxv, 348 pp. OCLC 7459847; LC Call Number BX7260 .E3 M5. Citations: 18. Reprints Miller’s biography of Edwards with a new introduction by Donald Weber. Argues that Edwards synthesized the thought of Locke and Newton in a way that allowed him to refashion thought on history and human nature. CH 52: 277-78. 766 Murat, Ines. Napoleon and the American Dream. Translated by Frances Frenaye. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1981. viii, 243 pp. ISBN 0807107700; OCLC 7170104; LC Call Number DC203.9 .M8213. Citations: 3. Studies Bonapartist refugees in America. Compares and contrasts French and American cultures, noting that “Napoleon’s epic and the American myth represent two contradictory dreams,” the latter representing an escape from history and living out one’s dreams in a new world, while the former stressed history and a dream of “military victory and glory, sublimated by legend and endowing their protagonists with immortal life.” JSH 48: 421-22. 767 Pencak, William. America’s Burke: The Mind of Thomas Hutchinson. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1982. xiii, 243 pp. ISBN 0819126268 (hbk.); ISBN 0819126276 (pbk.); OCLC 8667886; LC Call Number F67 .H982. Citations: 6. Analyzes Hutchinson’s political views, noting that he opposed natural rights in favor of experience and tradition, and that he was anti-Lockean and antiMachivellian. Praises the accuracy of Hutchinson’s History of MassachusettsBay (1765-1768), noting that it arose from a “profound psychological need to reconcile the diverse aspects of Massachusetts’ political heritage.” AHR 89: 194; Choice 20: 1196; JAH 70: 403-404; WMQ 41: 161-62. 768 Peterson, Merrill D., ed. Thomas Jefferson: Writings. New York: Library of America, 1984. 1600 pp. ISBN 094045016X; OCLC 9971610; LC Call Number E302 .J442. Citations: 94. Offers a chronology of Jefferson's life, textual notes, selected letters, addresses, and papers, Jefferson's Autobiography, A Summary View of the Rights of British America, and Notes on the State of Virginia. EAL 19: 309; VMHB 93: 345-46. 769 Pilcher, Edith. Castorland: French Refugees in the Western Adirondacks, 1793-1814. Harrison, N.Y.: Harbor Hill Books, 1985. 254 pp. ISBN 0916346552; OCLC 11795964; LC Call Number F129 .C3 P54. Citations: 0. Describes a French utopian community bounded by the Black River, Lake Ontario, and the Adirondack Mountains. Considers the historiography of the region and notes that this utopian community failed due to poor climate, transportation problems, boundary difficulties, and lack of economic development. Choice 23: 354; NYH 68: 243-44.

Ideas 205 770 Reinhold, Meyer. Classica Americana: The Greek and Roman Heritage in the United States. Detroit, Mich.: Wayne State University Press, 1984. 370 pp. ISBN 0814317448; OCLC 9971043; LC Call Number DE15.5 .U6 R44. Citations: 43. Contends that classical authors exerted a great deal of influence on the Founders, particularly through the ideas of harmony, balance, control of passions, and government for public benefit. WMQ 43: 312-15. 771 Scott, Jack, ed. An Annotated Edition of “Lectures on Moral Philosophy” by John Witherspoon. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1982. 218 pp. ISBN 0874131642; OCLC 6813082; LC Call Number BJ1005 .W5. Citations: 26. Presents an annotated version of the Lectures, along with a biographical sketch of Witherspoon, and an analysis of Witherspoon’s sources. CH 53: 443. 772 Spurlin, Paul Merrill. The French Enlightenment in America: Essays on the Times of the Founding Fathers. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1984. xi, 203 pp. ISBN 0820307211; OCLC 10507365; LC Call Number E163 .S65. Citations: 22. Explores “the literary presence of French authors in America.” Subsidiary themes include American knowledge of French, attitudes toward the French people, the sale of French books in America, and the influence of Enlightenment thinkers like Buffon, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Voltaire, Diderot, and Condorcet. Connects extent of French influence on Americans to diplomatic relations between the nations, noting a high point at the end of the eighteenth century, but reduction when the French Revolution became much more radical. AHR 90: 1004; GHQ 69: 387-88; JAH 72: 393-94; JSH 51: 622-23; LH 27: 100102; VMHB 93: 360; WMQ 44: 824-25. 773 Wills, Garry. Cincinnatus: George Washington and the Enlightenment. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday and Company, 1984. xxvi, 272 pp. ISBN 0385175620; OCLC 9393965; LC Call Number E312.62 .W54. Citations: 77. Explores the indelible impact of education in the classics on Washington, especially regarding the use and abuse of power, virtue, secularism, disinterest, ambition, emotion, duty, and public opinion. Calls Washington “a virtuoso of resignations,” who “perfected the art of getting power by giving it away” and who “served for no pay, no power, only for praise.” Choice 22: 484; GHQ 69: 134; JAH 72: 133-34; JSH 51: 430-31; NYH 67: 120; VMHB 93: 344-45; WMQ 42: 527-30.

26 Literature

774 Aldridge, A. Owen. Early American Literature: A Comparatist Approach. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1982. x, 322 pp. ISBN 0691065179; OCLC 8627773; LC Call Number PS 185 .A38. Citations: 15. Examines major seventeenth- and eighteenth-century American writers in the context of Western literature. Includes essays on Edward Taylor, Anne Bradstreet, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine, and John Dickinson. Am Lit 55: 453; Choice 20: 1132; EAL 19: 217-18; JAS 18: 277-79; LJ 107: 1879. 775 Amore, Adelaide P., ed. A Woman’s Inner World: Selected Poetry and Prose of Anne Bradstreet. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1982. xli, 109 pp. ISBN 081912639X (hbk.); ISBN 0819126403 (pbk.); OCLC 8627607; LC Call Number PS711 .A4. Citations: 2. Offers a brief biography of and critical essay on Bradstreet. Places her in the context of women writers and selects writings in which Bradstreet explores the female world. Also includes an annotated bibliography. EAL 18:303. 776 Arksey, Laura, Nancy Pries, and Marcia Reed. American Diaries: An Annotated Bibliography. Vol. 1: Diaries Written from 1492 to 1844. Detroit, Mich.: Gale Research, 1983. xviii, 311 pp. ISBN 0810318008; OCLC 9441258; LC Call Number Z5305 .U5 A74. Citations: 8. Arranges items chronologically. Includes North American, Hawaiian, SpanishAmerican, French, and Russian material. Booklist 80: 1615; Choice 21: 1271; EAL 20: 174-77; LJ 109: 478.

208 Books on Early American History and Culture 777 Arner, Robert D. The Lost Colony in Literature. Raleigh: North Carolina Division of Archives and History, 1985. xiii, 55 pp. ISBN 0865262055 (pbk.); OCLC 12597254; LC Call Number PS169 .R32 A76. Citations: 0. Explains that the story of Virginia Dare appealed very much to artists, poets, and novelists and has therefore been elevated “to the status of a major romance worthy of taking its place next only to the story of John Smith and Pocahontas as one of the most important literary myths of American origin.” GHQ 70: 180-81. 778 Axelrod, Alan. Charles Brockden Brown: An American Tale. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1983. xx, 203 pp. ISBN 0292710763; OCLC 8627317; LC Call Number PS1137 .A9. Citations: 32. Studies Brown’s four novels, focusing on the ways in which early national culture shaped his work. Explores Brown’s creative process and compares his work to other writers of the period. Choice 20: 1592; EAL 19: 85-90. 779 Bonnet, Jean-Marie. La Critique Littéraire aux États-Unis, 1783-1837. Lyon: Presses Universitaires de Lyon, 1982. 452 pp. ISBN 272970132X; OCLC 9195772; LC Call Number PS74 .B66. Citations: 6. Demonstrates the way early American literary criticism helped to establish a national literary identity after the Revolution. Covers reviews, magazine articles, prefaces, diaries and letters. JAS 18: 277-79. 780 Cowell, Pattie and Ann Stanford, eds. Critical Essays on Anne Bradstreet. Boston, Mass.: G.K. Hall, 1983. xxv, 286 pp. ISBN 081618643X; OCLC 9016830; LC Call Number PS712 .C7. Citations: 37. Reprints colonial and nineteenth- and twentieth-century essays on Bradstreet. Includes an introduction to the publishing and criticism of Bradstreet’s work. EAL 18: 302-303. 781 Cowell, Pattie. Women Poets in Pre-Revolutionary America, 1650-1775: An Anthology. Troy, N.Y.: Whitston Publishing, 1981. x, 404 pp. ISBN 0878751920; OCLC 7345946; LC Call Number PS589 .W66. Citations: 12. Anthologizes the work of Anne Bradstreet, Mercy Otis Warren, and Phillis Wheatley, as well as more “infrequent poets” and anonymous authors. Organized chronologically. EAL 17: 96. 782 Current-García Eugene. The American Short Story Before 1850: A Critical History. Boston, Mass.: Twayne, 1985. xiv, 168 pp. ISBN 0805793593; OCLC 11518152; LC Call Number PS374 .S5 C87. Citations: 0. Studies the origins and development of the short story in America, from the early eighteenth century through Hawthorne and Poe. Explains that the format’s popularity arose from the growth of magazine sales and the movement to create a truly “American” literary form. Am Lit 58: 433; Choice 23: 445.

Literature 209 783 Delbanco, Andrew. William Ellery Channing: An Essay on the Liberal Spirit in America. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981. xviii, 203 pp. ISBN 0674953355; OCLC 6554927; LC Call Number BX9869 .C4 D44. Citations: 16. Seeks to “restore Channing to the canon of American literature.” Takes up issues of nature, scripture, language, slavery and the “problem of evil,” and Romanticism. Portrays Channing as “a man divided against himself by the dual pull of reason and mystery.” CH 52: 238-39; EAL 17: 255; JAH 68: 660-61. 784 Elliott, Emory, ed. American Colonial Writers, 1735-1781. Detroit, Mich.: Gale, 1984. xiii, 392 pp. ISBN 0810317095; OCLC 10914474; LC Call Number PS193 .A38. Citations: 2. Includes biographical and critical essays, a list of writings, and a note on the locations of collected papers for each of the 62 authors included. Choice 22: 959. 785 Elliott, Emory. Revolutionary Writers: Literature and Authority in the New Republic, 1725-1810. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982. x, 324 pp. ISBN 0195029992; OCLC 7462833; LC Call Number PS193. Citations: 73. Studies the careers of poets Timothy Dwight, Joel Barlow, and Philip Freneau, and of novelists Hugh Henry Brackenridge and Chares Brockden Brown. Examines ways in which the early national period shaped national culture and character and the transition from religious to nationalist ideology. Concludes that “the writers of the 1780s and 1790s provided the primal matter and the first important specimens of American literature.” Am Lit 55: 100; Choice 20: 264; EAL 17: 182-83; JAH 70: 402-403; LJ 107 (15 Mar 82): 638; NEQ 55: 622; PMHB 106: 571-73; WMQ 40: 651-53. 786 Espinosa, J. Manuel, ed. The Folklore of Spain in the American Southwest: Traditional Spanish Folk Literature in Northern New Mexico and Southern Colorado. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1985. xiii, 310 pp. ISBN 080611942X; OCLC 12133719; LC Call Number GR111 .S65 E87. Citations: 18. Publishes the work of Aurelio Macedonio Espinosa posthumously. Discusses the development of Espinosa’s interests and career and his contributions to literature, folklore, and linguistics. Compares New Mexican customs and language to those of rural Spaniards and describes ballads, folklore, proverbs, and drama in New Mexico and Colorado. PHR 57: 78-80. 787 Fender, Stephen. American Literature in Context. Vol. 1: 1620-1830. London: Methuen, 1983. OCLC 8032527; LC Call Number PS92 .A425. Citations: 18. Includes excerpts from the writings of John Smith, Robert Cushman, William Bradford, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson, Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur, Philip Freneau, Joel Barlow, Washington Irving, and James

210 Books on Early American History and Culture Fenimore Cooper. Includes essays on historical and intellectual contexts and a bibliography. EAL 19: 308; JAS 18: 295-96. 788 Fleischmann, Fritz. A Right View of the Subject: Feminism in the Works of Charles Brockden Brown and John Neal. Erlangen, Germany: Verlag Palm and Enke, 1983. 383 pp. ISBN 3789601470 (pbk.); OCLC 12696427; LC Call Number PS374 .F45 F54. Citations: 4. Argues that feminism is important to the work of Brown and Neal, particularly Brown’s Alcuin, Clara Howard, and Jane Talbot. EAL 20: 83. 789 Grabo, Norman S. The Coincidental Art of Charles Brockden Brown. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981. xii, 209 pp. ISBN 0807814741; OCLC 7171665; LC Call Number PS1137 .G7. Citations: 33. Seeks to show “that there is more pattern and more purpose in Brown’s fiction than has generally been granted, that when we let the patterns emerge from the texts, they reflect both a complex mind and a sophisticated art.” Examines the structure of Brown’s stories, analyzing Wieland, Ormond, Edgar Huntly, and Arthur Mervyn for their use of “doubling” and paradox. EAL 17: 92-94. 790 Hoffman, Daniel. Brotherly Love. New York: Vintage Books, 1981. 176 pp. ISBN 0394513711; OCLC 6649034; LC Call Number PS3515 .O2416 B74. Citations: 16. Contains poetry in honor of William Pernn and the Quaker settlement of Pennsylvania. Includes 61 poems/sections covering relations with Indians and Quaker theology. EAL 18: 114; WMQ 39: 542-45. 791 Kaiser, Leo M. Early American Latin Verse, 1625-1825: An Anthology. Chicago, Ill: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 1984. xxiii, 298 pp. OCLC 11090061 ;LC Call Number PA8125 .U6 E2. Citations: 12. Publishes 111 of 344 Latin poems written in America between 1625 and 1825. Gives biographical information about the authors. Notes that the Latin is generally correct, indicating fairly high-quality Latin instruction in early America. EAL 20: 280-82; WMQ 41: 660-62. 792 Krause, Sydney J. and S.W. Reid, eds. The Novels and Related Works of Charles Brockden Brown: The Bicentennial Edition. Vol. 2: Ormond or The Secret Witness. Kent, Oh.: Kent State University Press, 1982. xiii, 478 pp. ISBN 0873382773; OCLC 8708068; LC Call Number PS1130 .F77. Citations: 1. Publishes Ormond with introductions, historical essays, and notes. EAL 19: 191-208.

Literature 211 793 Krause, Sydney J. and S.W. Reid, eds. The Novels and Related Works of Charles Brockden Brown: The Bicentennial Edition. Vol. 4: Edgar Huntly; or Memoirs of a Sleep-Walker. Kent, Oh.: Kent State University Press, 1984. xiii, 495 pp. ISBN 0873383052; OCLC 10505876; LC Call Number PS1130 .F77. Citations: 5. Publishes Edgar Huntly with historical and textual essays and extensive notes. EAL 20: 178-79. 794 Lemay, J.A. Leo and P.M. Zall, eds. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: A Genetic Text. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1981. lxiv, 228 pp. ISBN 087049256X; OCLC 4492757; LC Call Number E302.6 .F7 A2. Citations: 24. Provides “a complete and accurate record of every word in the original manuscript [of Franklin’s autobiography] and of every canceled letter and of all marks of punctuation.” Choice 19: 550; EAL 17: 75-86; PMHB 107: 150-53; WMQ 40: 144-46. 795 Levernier, James A. and Douglas R. Wilmes, eds. American Writers Before 1800: A Biographical and Critical Dictionary. 3 vols. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1984. xxiii, 1764 pp. ISBN 0313222290; OCLC 33664953; LC Call Number PS 185 .A4. Citations: 23. Lists 786 early American writers, listing major publications, presenting a brief biography, offering a critical appraisal of each, and suggesting additional reading. Choice 21: 1435-36; EAL 19: 215-17; GHQ 68: 411-12; WMQ 42: 273-76. 796 Lyttle, David. Studies in Religion in Early American Literature: Edwards, Poe, Channing, Emerson, Some Minor Transcendentalists, and Thoreau. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1983. xiv, 247 pp. ISBN 0819134996 (hbk.); ISBN 0819135003 (pbk.); OCLC 9826466; LC Call Number PS 166 .L95. Citations: 5. Discusses the religious and philosophical views of early American writers. Includes various sermons and essays on cognition. EAL 19: 225. 797 Martin, Wendy. An American Triptych: Anne Bradstreet, Emily Dickinson, Adrienne Rich. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984. x, 272 pp. ISBN 080781573X (hbk.); ISBN 0807841129 (pbk.); OCLC 9576054; LC Call Number PS310 .F45 M3. Citations: 44. Traces the careers of three poets from acceptance of patriarchy to passive resistance. Presents a narrative appropriate for general readership. Choice 21: 1306; EAL 20: 271-77. 798 McElrath, Joseph R., Jr. and Allan P. Robb, eds. The Complete Works of Anne Bradstreet. Boston, Mass.: G.K. Hall, 1981. xlii, 536 pp. ISBN 0805785337; OCLC 5831130; LC Call Number PS711 .A1. Citations: 20.

212 Books on Early American History and Culture Discusses Bradstreet’s short love poems, poetry on political subjects, and consideration of history, philosophy, religion, time, death, and motherhood. Offers an introductory essay covering Bradstreet’s life, work, and reputation. EAL 18: 111-113. 799 Nagel, James and Richard Astro, eds. American Literature: The New England Heritage. New York: Garland, 1981. viii, 204 pp. ISBN 0824094670; OCLC 7177267; LC Call Number PS243 A53. Citations: 6. Collects papers from a 1980 Northeastern University conference that sought to “identify the New England literary tradition and explore its special historical richness, the peculiar regional genius that gives rise to a literary production unequaled in scope and depth by that of any other area in America.” Includes pieces on the Early National era, Plath and Sexton, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, various New England authors, Melville, and Kipling. JAS 16: 503. 800 Ogburn, Floyd, Jr. Style as Structure and Meaning: William Bradford’s Of Plymouth Plantation. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1981. iii, 163 pp. ISBN 0819115908 (hbk.); ISBN 0819115916 (pbk.); OCLC 7553558; LC Call Number F68 .B8 O876. Citations: 1. Argues that Bradford's style is relatively unified by "foregrounding" (clear deviations from linguistic norms) and "collocation" (tendency of specific words to occur close together on a regular basis). Notes stylistic devises Bradford used in Of Plymouth Plantation and points out that Chapter Nine's landing passages have drawn the most criticism in modern times. EAL 17: 95. 801 Parker, Patricia L. Early American Fiction: A Reference Guide. Boston, Mass.: G.K. Hall, 1984. xx, 197 pp. ISBN 0816179999; OCLC 10457607; LC Call Number Z1231 .F4 P25. Citations: 3. Focuses on 27 American authors of fiction prior to 1800. Presents citations, thematic and critical studies and includes name, subject, and title indexes. Choice 22: 968; EAL 19: 308. 802 Radzinowicz, Mary Ann, ed. American Colonial Prose: John Smith to Thomas Jefferson. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984. Ix, 285 pp. ISBN 0521244269 (hbk.); ISBN 0521286808 (pbk.); OCLC 10022783; LC Call Number PS651 .A5. Citations: 2. Reprints large parts of the writings of John Smith, William Bradford, Mary Rowlandson, Cotton Mather, Sarah Kemble Knight, William Byrd II, Jonathan Edwards, Benjamin Franklin, Patrick Tailfer, Hugh Anderson, David Douglas, and Thomas Jefferson. Includes an introductory essay covering settlement, historiography, and the colonial experience. EAL 19: 308. 803 Reynolds, David S. Faith in Fiction: The Emergence of Religious Literature in America. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981. x,

Literature 213 269 pp. ISBN 0674291727; OCLC 6648900; LC Call Number PS374 .R47 R49. Citations: 45. Studies American religious literature prior to 1850. Examines over 250 works, classifying them by oriental influence, allegories, orthodox Calvinism, liberalism, Roman Catholicism, satire, and sentimentalism. CH 52: 240-41; JAH 69: 150-51. 804 Robinson, William H., ed. Critical Essays on Phillis Wheatley. Boston, Mass.: G.K. Hall, 1982. xii, 236 pp. ISBN 0816183368; OCLC 8115236; LC Call Number PS866 .W5 Z583. Citations: 66. Contains early comments and reprinted and original essays on poet Phillis Wheatley. Notes that early commentators (through the 1930s) were more interested in the fact that Wheatley was African American than they were in her poetry. Finds that critics between the 1930s and 1970s were interested in Wheatley’s racial consciousness revealed in her poetry, while those of the early 1980s treat her as a literary figure who effectively used stylistic tools. EAL 18: 110-111. 805 Robinson, William H. Phillis Wheatley: A Bio-Bibliography. Boston, G.K. Hall, 1981. xxiv, 166 pp. ISBN 081618318X; OCLC 7282256; LC Call Number Z8969.285 .R62; LC Call Number PS866 .W5 .R62. Citations: 9. Presents an annotated list of works on the life and work of Wheatley. Choice 19: 748; EAL 16:291. 806 Robinson, William H. Phillis Wheatley and Her Writings. New York: Garland Publishing, 1984. xiii, 464 pp. ISBN 0824093461; OCLC 9016394; LC Call Number PS866 .W5. Citations: 25. Includes essays on Wheatley’s poetry, her later verse and letters, as well as a bibliography, and a number of appendices. Argues that Wheatley was more conscious of being a black writer than has been supposed previously. EAL 20: 173-74. 807 Rosenthal, Bernard, ed. Critical Essays on Charles Brockden Brown. Boston, Mass.: G.K. Hall, 1981. vii, 246 pp. ISBN 0816182558; OCLC 7171559; LC Call Number PS1137 .C7. Citations: 0. Essays cover typically overlooked lapses in Brown’s work, as well as the meaning of religion and morality in his novels. Articles also take up the intellectual influences in Clara Howard and Jane Talbot, renunciation of radical feminism in Alcuin, failure of Mervyn to form personal identity in Arthur Mervyn, Brown’s “testing out of forms,” early reviews of Brown’s fiction, the problem of origination in Ormond, and Brown’s literary activities in the 1800s. Also includes a selective bibliography. EAL 17: 92-94. 808 Skaggs, David Curtis, ed. The Poetic Writings of Thomas Cradock, 17181770. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1983. 311pp. OCLC 8762642; LC Call Number PS737 .C42 A17. Citations: 6.

214 Books on Early American History and Culture Discusses Craddock’s career as a rector in Baltimore County, and publishes his satires, notably “Maryland Eclogues in Imitation of Virgil’s” and “Death of Socrates.” CH 54: 126-27; VMHB 93: 94. 809 Stoddard, Ellwyn R., Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Borderlands Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1983. xvi, 445 pp. ISBN 0806117184; OCLC 8763887; LC Call Number Z1251 .S8 B67. Citations: 50. Contains essays that review work on the region, particularly cultural changes in the southwest, comparisons of the Mexican and Canadian borders, history, archaeology, geology, environment, economics, demography, politics, and society. Includes a bibliography and an essay on sources. JSH 49: 491. 810 Stoddard, Roger E. Poet and Printer in Colonial and Federal America: Some Bibliographical Perspectives. Worcester, Mass.: American Antiquarian Society, 1983. 96 pp. OCLC 9794469; LC Call Number Z1231 .P7 S76. Citations: 3. Describes about 5,000 copies of 1,299 editions of poetry books printed in what is now the United States prior to 1821. Divides works into verse published by subscription, poetry first read before a group and then printed, texts with multiple editions, books issued in boards or wrappers, books with engravings or wood or metal cuts, and those with printed dedications. EAL 18:302. 811 Tompkins, Jane. Sensational Designs: The Cultural Work of American Fiction, 1790-1860. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. xix, 236 pp. ISBN 0195035658; OCLC 11814415; LC Call Number PS374 .S7 T66. Citations: 439. Includes essays on the work of Charles Brockden Brown, James Fenimore Cooper, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Susan Warner, and on the history of American literature anthologies. Focuses on critical evaluation of literature and the definition of a literary “classic.” Argues that Hawthorne’s work was elevated to the American literary canon because “a dynastic cultural elite . . . came to identify itself with him.” Concludes that evaluation of literature should consider the relationship between text and context. EAL 21: 181-82; JAS 21: 292. 812 Van Der Beets, Richard. The Indian Captivity Narrative: An American Genre. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1984. x, 62 pp. ISBN 0819136794 (pbk.); OCLC 10045474; LC Call Number E85 .V363. Citations: 11. Looks at Indian captivity narratives from the seventeenth through the nineteenth centuries. Argues that early narratives stressed personal religious values, while later items served as propaganda for westward expansion. Finds a pattern in these works of separation, transformation, and return.

Literature 215 EAL 19: 225-26. 813 Von Frank, Albert J. The Sacred Game: Provincialism and Frontier Consciousness in American Literature, 1630-1860. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. viii, 188 pp. ISBN 0521301599; OCLC 11234900; LC Call Number PS 169 .F7 V66. Citations: 24. Examines early American cultural history, arguing that by the mid-seventeenth century Puritan ministers upheld a conservative “mythic American past.” Contends that New England art and ideas were exceptional because they arose from an environment which was largely separated from European influence and inspiration. EAL 23: 110-112; JAS 21: 281-82. 814 Watson, Ritchie Devon, Jr. The Cavalier in Virginia Fiction. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1985. xii, 298 pp. ISBN 0807112127; OCLC 11186326; LC Call Number PS266 .V5 W3. Citations: 10. Traces the development of the Cavalier in the works of George Tucker, John Pendleton Kennedy, William Alexander Caruthers, John Esten Cooke, Mary Johnston, Thomas Nelson Page, Ellen Glasgow, James Branch Cabell, William Styron, Milton Loftis, and Garrett Epps. Discusses the cavalier in myth, history, and fiction. Notes that the image is based upon the eighteenth-century English gentleman and emphasizes grace and courtesy, aristocracy, knowledge of arts, music, and riding, and the notion of “honor.” JAS 20: 466-67; VMHB 94: 484-85.

27 Communication

815 Ashley, Perry J., ed. Dictionary of Literary Biography. Vol. 43: American Newspaper Journalists, 1690-1872. Detroit, Mich.: Gale Research, 1985. xiv, 490 pp. ISBN 0810317214; OCLC 12556798; LC Call Number PN4871 .A48. Citations: 3. Contains 66 essays on important journalists in early America, including Noah Webster, Jr., Frederick Douglass, John Peter Zenger, Henry Raymond, Hugh Gaine, and Arunah S. Abell. JER 7: 105; NCHR 63: 563-64. 816 Baron, Dennis E. Grammar and Good Taste: Reforming the American Language. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1982. x, 263 pp. ISBN 0300027990; OCLC 8169366; LC Call Number PE2809 .B28. Citations: 41. Traces the development of American language from the mid-eighteenth century to the present. Concludes that, for a number of reasons, “language reform in America, for all of its good intentions, has proved an exercise in futility.” America 147: 336; JAH 70: 114; LJ 107: 2176; NYT Bk Rev (28 Nov. 82): 11. 817 Bauman, Richard. Let Your Words Be Few: Symbolism of Speaking and Silence among Seventeenth-Century Quakers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. viii, 168 pp. ISBN 0521255066 (hbk.); ISBN 0521275148 (pbk.); OCLC 9281842; LC Call Number BX7748 .L3 B38. Citations: 96. Uses an ethnographic approach to examine Quaker use of language and symbols “to negotiate social identities” and “to accomplish social goals.” Notes that seventeenth-century Quakers attached significance to modes of speaking, silence, and symbolic action.

218 Books on Early American History and Culture AHR 90: 129; Choice 22: 264; History 70: 306; Times Lit Supp (6 April 84): 364. 818 Clarkin, William. Mathew Carey: A Bibliography of His Publications, 1785-1824. New York: Garland Publishing, 1984. xvi, 288 pp. ISBN 0824092481; OCLC 10184865; LC Call Number Z473 .C22 C57. Citations: 3. Describes 1,527 publications in which Carey, a noted Philadelphia pamphleteer and printer, was involved as author, publisher, printer, or seller. EAL 20: 83. 819 Dolmetsch, Christopher L. The German Press of the Shenandoah Valley. Columbia, S.C.: Camden House, 1984. xv, 160 pp. ISBN 0938100017; OCLC 11392921; LC Call Number Z473 .D66. Citations: 5. Provides background on early nineteenth-century German culture in America and discusses German printing and publishing, late-eighteenth- and earlynineteenth-century German newspapers, books, and broadsides, reading habits of Shenandoah Valley Germans, and the influence of Johann Arndt. Includes an extensive bibliography of newspapers, books, pamphlets, and broadsides. WMQ 43: 510-11. 820 Gould, Christopher and Richard Parker Morgan. South Carolina Imprints, 1731-1800: A Descriptive Bibliography. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-Clio Information Services, 1985. xxxii, 325 pp. ISBN 0874364159; OCLC 11260090; LC Call Number Zl333 .G68. Citations: 5. Includes more than 1,300 extant eighteenth-century South Carolina imprints. Arranges items by publication year. Each entry includes bibliographical information and locations. Also includes author, title, and subject indexes. GHQ 69: 298-99; JSH 52: 144; NCHR 63: 123-24. 821 Green, Karen Mauer. The Kentucky Gazette, 1787-1800: Genealogical and Historical Abstracts. Baltimore, Md.: Gateway Press, 1983. iii, 330 pp. OCLC 33388825; LC Call Number F450 .G78. Citations: 0. Presents more than 5,000 citations chronologically, from August 1787 through 1800. Includes names, dates, and descriptions of each appearance in the newspaper. Abstracts runaway slave advertisements, announcements of apprenticeship positions, political correspondence, and legal and commercial notices. FCHQ 59: 263-64. 822 Holmes, Oliver W. and Peter T. Rohrbach. Stagecoach East: Stagecoach Days in the East from the Colonial Period to the Civil War. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1983. vii, 220 pp. ISBN 0874745225; OCLC 9132637; LC Call Number HE5747 .H64. Citations: 5. Discusses the development of transportation systems in the east through the early nineteenth century. Describes the problems of bad roads, weather, finances and outlaws, the building of stage coaches, the role of taverns, and methods of communication. Choice 21: 878-79; GHQ 68: 612-13; IMH 81: 178-79; JAH 71: 622-23.

Communication

219

823 Joyce, William L., David D. Hall, Richard D. Brown, and John B. Hench, eds. Printing and Society in Early America. Worcester, Mass.: American Antiquarian Society, 1983. xii, 322 pp. ISBN 0912296550; OCLC 9393859; LC Call Number Z208 .P74. Citations: 153. Collects papers from a 1980 American Antiquarian Society conference on early American printing. Papers discuss New England and Virginia literacy, book publishing and selling, public lecturing, and the general role of books in colonial culture. Choice 21: 810; EAL 18: 299-301; NEQ 57: 279; NCHR 61: 529-30; Penn Hist 51: 179-80; PMHB 108: 107-108; Times Lit Supp (10 Feb 84): 151. 824 Kett, Joseph F. and Patricia A. McClung. Book Culture in PostRevolutionary Virginia. Worcester, Mass.: American Antiquarian Society, 1984. 50 pp. ISBN 0912296682; OCLC 12727222; LC Call Number Z1003 .K48. Citations: 1. Examines almost 2,400 Virginia estate inventories, primarily between 1790 and 1830, in an effort to understand the ways in which print culture affected intellectual and cultural transformation. Suggests that relatively few included books. Finds that those estates with books had fewer than 20 and that there were significant differences among urban and rural areas. Notes that religious books accounted for the largest single group. JER 6: 181-82. 825 Lederer, Richard M. Colonial American English, A Glossary: Words and Phrases Found in Colonial Writing, Now Archaic, Obscure, Obsolete, or Whose Meanings Have Changed. Essex, Conn.: Verbatim, 1985. 276 pp. ISBN 0930454197; OCLC 12079122; LC Call Number PE2838 .L43. Citations: 3. Provides a “glossary that lists and defines many words and phrases, the meanings of which are now obscure.” Covers the period 1608 to 1783 and offers approximately 3,000 entries. Choice 23: 584; NYH 68: 443; OH 97: 172-73. 826 Levy, Leonard W. Emergence of a Free Press. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. xxii, 383 pp. ISBN 0195035062; OCLC 11211088; LC Call Number KF4774 .L48. Citations: 157. Represents a revised edition of Legacy of Suppression: Freedom of Speech and Press in Early American History, originally published in 1960. Focuses on legal boundaries of the colonial press, particularly the common law of seditious libel. Finds that “The First Amendment’s injunction, that there shall be no law abridging the freedom of speech or press, was boldly stated if narrowly understood” and that “the bold statement, not the narrow understanding, was written into the fundamental law.” Concludes that “The persistent image of colonial America as a society in which freedom of expression was cherished is an hallucination of sentiment that ignores history.” AHR 91: 1266; GHQ 70: 139-41 ; JAS 20: 499-500; WMQ 42: 549-51. 827 Longenecker, Stephen L. The Christopher Sauers: Courageous Printers Who Defended Religious Freedom in Early America. Elgin, Ill.: The Brethren

220 Books on Early American History and Culture Press, 1981. 196 pp. OCLC 7578052; LC Call Number BX7841 .L63. Citations: 1. Studies Christopher Sauers Senior (1695-1758) and Junior (1721-1784). Discusses the elder’s time in Germany, emigration to America, printing buisness, views on pacifism, treatment of Indians, and politics. Views the Sauer press as “serious, sincere, and religious.” Penn Hist 49: 295-96; PMHB 106: 564-66. 828 Monaghan, E. Jennifer. A Common Heritage: Noah Webster’s Blue-Back Speller. Hamden, Conn.: Archon, 1983. 304 pp. ISBN 0208019081; OCLC 8627849; LC Call Number PE2813 .A2 M6. Citations: 10. Surveys Webster’s life and achievements, focusing on his Spelling Book, commercial activities, efforts to shape a distinct and uniform American language, and development of syllabification, diacritical marks, and unique American spellings. Argues that Webster was successful because of his orthographic and editorial skills, his knack for promotion, and his linguistic nationalism. JAH 70: 659-60. 829 Moss, Richard J. Noah Webster. Boston, Mass.: Twayne, 1984. xii, 131 pp. ISBN 0805774068; OCLC 9970470; LC Call Number PE64 .W5 M68. Citations: 4. Presents an intellectual biography of Webster through examination of his texts, political writings, journalism, and dictionaries. Explores Webster’s religious views, his efforts at public service, and desire to create stability in an unstable world. Notes that “Webster, anxious about the rapid disintegration of authority he thought he saw all around him, sought to ascertain the primal meanings of words so that men could know the truth.” JAH 72: 131-32. 830 Winans, Robert B. A Descriptive Checklist of Book Catalogues Separately Printed in America, 1693-1800. Worcester, Mass.: American Antiquarian Society, 1981. xxxi, 207 pp. ISBN 091229647X; OCLC 7224584; LC Call Number Z1029 .W56. Citations: 21. Presents the first of a series of volumes listing all eighteenth-century book catalogues in an effort to "correct some long-standing misconceptions about what Americans read in the eighteenth century." EAL 16:291. 831 Wolf, Edwin and Marie Elena Korey, eds. Quarter of a Millennium: The Library Company of Philadelphia, 1731-1981. A Selection of Books, Manuscripts, Maps, Prints, Drawings, and Paintings. Philadelphia, Penn.: The Library Company, 1981. viii, 355 pp. OCLC 8409543; LC Call Number Z733 .L456 L5. Citations: 5. Presents an exhibition catalog celebrating the 250th anniversary of the Library Company's founding. Includes photographs and descriptions of 255 items from the Library, along with a brief history of the library. Lists items chronologically by accession dates.

Communication

Penn Hist 49: 292-93; PMHB 106: 585-86.

221

28 Education

832 Harrison, Richard A. Princetonians, 1769-1775: A Biographical Dictionary. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1981. xxxvi, 585 pp. ISBN 0691046751; OCLC 6420669; LC Call Number LD4601 .H37. Citations: 17. Sketches 178 men who attended the College of New Jersey (later Princeton). Includes a brief history of the college prior to the Revolution and provides information like students’ residences, fathers’ professions, places of birth, occupations, military service, and denominational affiliations. Entries are arranged alphabetically by class. NCHR 58: 300; VMHB 89: 496-98. 833 Harrison, Richard A. Princetonians, 1776-1783: A Biographical Dictionary. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1981. xli, 498 pp. ISBN 0691053367; OCLC 28451679; LC Call Number LD4601 .H38. Citations: 9. Includes entries for 157 graduates, including notably Ashbel Green, a founder of Princeton Seminary and later president of Princeton College. CH 52: 416-17; GHQ 66: 249; PMHB 106: 299-300; VMHB 91: 121-22; WMQ 49: 732-36. 834 Herbst, Jurgen. From Crisis to Crisis: American College Government, 1636-1819. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982. xvi, 301 pp. ISBN 0674323459; OCLC 7553510; LC Call Number LA226 .H386. Citations: 17. Studies the law of college governance in America through the Dartmouth College case. Notes that colleges closely followed English practices, and that late eighteenth-century “provincial” colleges exhibited characteristics that

224 Books on Early American History and Culture reflected society’s diversity. Argues that divisions between public and private appeared in the early nineteenth century. AHR 88: 176; Choice 20: 150; JAH 69: 682; WMQ 40: 492-94. 835 Kaestle, Carl F. Pillars of the Republic: Common Schools and American Society, 1780-1860. New York: Hill and Wang, 1983. xv, 266 pp. ISBN 0809076209 (hbk.); ISBN 0809001543 (pbk.); OCLC 8928018; LC Call Number LA215 .K33. Citations: 168. Discusses educational reforms and developments, the impact of social class, the educational theories of the founders, the rise of public schools, and the roles of Christianity, capitalism, and nationalism. Notes that, by the Civil War, common schools covered most of the North, but had not yet penetrated the South. Choice 21: 162; JAH 70: 662; LJ 108 (15 Jan 83): 127. 836 Loetscher, Lefferts A. Facing the Enlightenment and Pietism: Archibald Alexander and the Founding of Princeton Theological Seminary. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1983. x, 303 pp. ISBN 0313236771; OCLC 8668466; LC Call Number BX9225 .A5 L63. Citations: 23. Discusses the religious and intellectual development of Alexander, his work toward the founding of Princeton Theological Seminary, and his role in the development of the early curriculum. Argues that Alexander’s influence was felt well into the twentieth century and helped to make Princeton perhaps the most distinguished American seminary. WMQ 41: 323-25. 837 MacLeod, James Lewis. The Great Doctor Waddel: A Study of Moses Waddel, 1770-1840, as Teacher and Puritan. Easley, S.C.: Southern Historical Press, 1985. x, 182 pp. ISBN 0893085464 (pbk.); OCLC 12351898; LC Call Number LD1982.7. Citations: 0. Presents a biography of Waddel, a Calvinist minister who founded and operated schools attended by southern notables, and who served as president of the University of Georgia. NCHR 63: 391-92. 838 Robson, David W. Educating Republicans: The College in the Era of the American Revolution, 1750-1800. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1985. xvi, 272 pp. ISBN 0313246068; OCLC 11291119; LC Call Number LA227 .R56. Citations: 22. Examines the ways in which politics were reflected in colonial educational institutions. Argues that between the 1750s and 1776, colleges moved from incidental civic concerns “to a consciously shaped and vigorously advocated inculcation of republican political principles.” Contends that both teachers and students were shaped by significant political events of their times (e.g., the French and Indian War, Stamp Act, and Townshend Duties). Notes that this politicization continued after the Revolution and is apparent in debates over the Constitution and the French Revolution. AHR 91: 728; HRNB 15: 37-38; NYH 67: 461-63; VMHB 94: 488; WMQ 44: 155-57.

29 Science, Medicine, and Technology

839 Bedini Silvio A. Thomas Jefferson and His Copying Machines. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1984. xvi, 239 pp. ISBN 0813910250; OCLC 10727303; LC Call Number Z48 .B44. Citations: 13. Explores Jefferson’s interest in the polygraph, a device invented by John Isaac Hawkins (1802) to make identical copies. Notes that interest in the machine filtered from Hawkins to Charles Willson Peale, to Benjamin Henry Latrobe to Jefferson. Finds that Jefferson suggested improvements, but that the device was a commercial failure. AHR 91: 461; JAH 72: 134-35; WMQ 42: 423-24. 840 Berkeley, Edmund and Dorothy Smith Berkeley. The Life and Travels of John Bartram: From Lake Ontario to the River St. John. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1982. xv, 376 pp. ISBN 0813007003; OCLC 7464709; LC Call Number QK31 .B3 B47. Citations: 15. Presents a biography of the eighteenth-century naturalist, focusing on his correspondence with Peter Collinson, travels of botanical discovery from New York to Florida, and his descriptions of specimens. AHR 88: 175; Choice 19: 1580; EAL 19: 90-92; FHQ 61: 82-85; GHQ 66: 56061; JAH 70: 131-32; Penn Hist 49: 293-94; VMHB 91: 108-109. 841 Brown, M.L. Firearms in Colonial America: The Impact on History and Technology, 1492-1792. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1981. xiv, 450 pp. ISBN 0874742900; OCLC 7254184; LC Call Number TS532.2 .B76. Citations: 11.

226 Books on Early American History and Culture Offers a general illustrated history that studies the impact of firearms technology and manufacturing upon colonial development. Considers manufacturing techniques, gunpowder, and the use of firearms on the frontier and in the fur trade. Choice 18: 1475; LJ 106: 792. 842 Cash, Philip, Eric H. Christianson, and J. Worth Estes, eds. Medicine in Colonial Massachusetts, 1620-1820. Charlottesville: University of Virgnia Press, 1981. xxiii, 425 pp. OCLC 7653657; LC Call Number F61 .C71; LC Call Number R245 .M4. Citations: 45. Publishes papers from a conference sponsored by the Colonial Society of Massachusetts. Articles cover Massachusetts’ establishment of traditional medical institutions in the eighteenth century, the training and backgrounds of medical practitioners, medical education and professionalization, political activities of physicians, the development of the sciences, reports of unusual occurrences, medical charities, and the practice of medicine. BHM 56: 284-86. 843 Engstrand, Iris H.W. Spanish Scientists in the New World: The EighteenthCentury Expeditions. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1981. xiv, 220 pp. ISBN 0295957646; OCLC 6917820; LC Call Number Q115 .E56. Citations: 30. Studies two major Spanish scientific expeditions in the New World—those of Martín de Sessé y Lacasta and Alejandro Malaspina—and argues that the Crown’s expectations of practical payoffs were unrealistically high. Covers the backgrounds of participants, the equipment used, and reports and samples returned to Spain. Places these explorers in the context of the Enlightenment, particularly their belief that expeditions would help reveal natural laws. PHR 52: 103-104. 844 Frurip, David J., Russell Malewicki, and Donald P. Heldman. Colonial Nails from Michilimackinac: Differentiation by Chemical and Statistical Analysis. Mackinac Island, Mich.: Mackinac Island State Park Commission, 1983. i, 83 pp. OCLC 10225040; LC Call Number F572 .M16 F78; LC Call Number TS440 .F78. Citations: 0. Discusses French and English nails at Mackinac from the eighteenth century, especially differences in iron manufacturing processes. Am Ant 49: 673. 845 Gillett, Mary C. The Army Medical Department, 1775-1818. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, United States Army, 1981. xiii, 299 pp. OCLC 6200087; LC Call Number UH223 G479a. Citations: 10. Traces military medicine from the Revolution to the War of 1812 to the reforms of 1818. Includes sections on surgery, administration, ailments that plagued soldiers, inoculation, and Old Northwest Indian campaigns. Argues that military medical care was essentially the same as that given to civilians. AHR 87: 247; BHM 55: 603-605; JAH 68: 654-55; WMQ 40: 327-30.

Science, Medicine, and Technology 227 846 Goler, Robert I. The Healing Arts in Early America. New York: Fraunces Tavern Museum, 1985. 56 pp. OCLC 13133942; LC Call Number R151 .G625. Citations: 0. Presents an exhibition catalog covering objects related to seventeenth- and eighteenth-century American medical practice. Provides descriptions and occasional illustrations. NYH 68: 451. 847 Greene, John C. American Science in the Age of Jefferson. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1984. xiv, 484 pp. ISBN 081380101X (hbk.); ISBN 0813801028 (pbk.); OCLC 9557778; LC Call Number Q127 .U6 G69. Citations: 56. Discusses the scientific work of Jefferson and others, particularly geography, botany, zoology, paleontology, anthropology, archaeology, linguistics, chemistry, astronomy, and physics. Seeks to “depict both the social setting of science and its substantive achievements.” Argues that, in early national America, “basic institutions and deep-seated attitudes toward science and its relation to the rest of American culture took shape, institutions and attitudes that were to guide the subsequent course of American scientific development.” Notes that, between 1780 and 1830 “American scientists ceased to be mere purveyors of the raw materials of science to Europe and became junior partners in the Western scientific enterprise.” AHR 90: 1008; Choice 22: 297; GHQ 70: 762-64; JAH 72: 135-36; JSH 51: 28384; Times Lit Supp (23 Nov 84): 1340; WMQ 42: 420-22. 848 Hindle, Brooke. Emulation and Invention. New York: New York University Press, 1981. xix, 162 pp. ISBN 081473409X; OCLC 7178756; LC Call Number T21 .H49. Citations: 66. Discusses the ways in which inventors created new technologies, namely Robert Fulton’s steamboat and Samuel Morse’s telegraph. Finds that many inventors were artists rather than scientists because the former employed concrete, spatial thinking and the latter used less useful abstract, linear, and verbal reasoning. BHR 57: 277-78; JAH 69: 148-49; WMQ 40: 302-309. 849 Hindle, Brooke, ed. Material Culture of the Wooden Age. Tarrytown, N.Y.: Sleepy Hollow, 1981. vi, 394 pp. ISBN 091288245X; OCLC 7277466; LC Call Number TA666 .M32. Citations: 32. Publishes ten essays on the uses of old and new technologies in early America. AHR 87: 1160; JAH 69: 148-49. 850 Hunter, Clark, ed. The Life and Letters of Alexander Wilson. Philadelphia, Penn.: American Philosophical Society, 1983. xi, 4356 pp. ISBN 087169154X; OCLC 10257947; LC Call Number QL31 .W7 A4. Citations: 7. Presents a biography and 57 selected letters of Wilson, the “father of American ornithology.” NCHR 62: 242-43.

228 Books on Early American History and Culture 851 Jeremy, David J. Transatlantic Industrial Revolution: The Diffusion of Textile Technologies between Britain and America, 1790-1830s. Cambridge, Mass.: Merrimack Valley Textile Museum and MIT Press, 1981. xvii, 384 pp. ISBN 0262100223; OCLC 7249293; LC Call Number HD9855 .J47. Citations: 94. Explores the ways in which American cotton and woolen industries depended on British technology, especially machines and their operators. Examines British efforts to restrict the export of technology. Argues that many of the mechanics involved in the Industrial Revolution in the United States were home grown and that the British technology employed had to be modified to fit conditions in America. AHR 87: 1159; BHR 55: 424-26; Choice 19: 108; JAH 69: 145; JAS 16: 291-92; PMHB 106: 111-121; WMQ 40: 302-309. 852 Kiple, Kenneth F. The Caribbean Slave: A Biological History. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984. xiii, 274 pp. ISBN 0521268745; OCLC 11113612; LC Call Number RA455 .K56. Citations: 70. Studies diets and diseases of Africans from the sixteenth century to the present. Contends that slaves adapted to low-protein diets deficient in vitamins A, B, and C, calcium, and iron, but still had high mortality rates in the West Indies. AgH 60: 96-97; AHR 91: 1300; BHM 60: 443-44; Choice 23: 915; JAH 73: 177; Times Lit Supp (17 Jan 86): 66. 853 Lansing, Dorothy I., ed. Medicine and Science in Early America: Being the Collected Essays of George Edmund Gifford, Jr., 1930-1981. Devon, Penn.: ANRO, Inc. for the Friends of George E. Gifford, Jr., 1982. 388 pp. OCLC 8846829; LC Call Number R151 .G53. Citations: 0. Includes 51 of Gifford’s historical articles published between 1956 and 1982, arranged chronologically. Also includes a biography of Gifford, chronology, and index. Articles cover medical historiography, botany, natural history, and American medicine generally. BHM 57: 148. 854 Litchfield, Carter, Hans-Joachim Finke, Stephen G. Young, and Karen Zerbe Huetter. The Bethlehem Oil Mill, 1745-1934: German Technology in Early Pennsylvania. Kemblesville, Penn.: Olearius Editions, 1984. 128 pp. ISBN 0917526023; OCLC 10605371; LC Call Number TP670 .B47. Citations: 2. Discusses the transfer of manufacturing technology of eighteenth-century Germany to Pennsylvania and its special application in Bethlehem under the Moravians. Focuses on the water powered mill of Monocacy Creek, the raw materials used there, and the importance to the colonial economy of the finished products. Continues the story to the demolition of the mill in 1934. Penn Hist 52: 214-215. 855 Philip, Cynthia Owen. Robert Fulton: A Biography. New York: Franklin Watts, 1985. xii, 371 pp. ISBN 0531097560; OCLC 11785045; LC Call Number VM140 .F9 P45. Citations: 21.

Science, Medicine, and Technology 229 Provides a readable biography of Fulton (1765-1815) based on unpublished letters, diaries, government records, and account books. Focuses on the difficulties inventors faced in the early national era and characterizes Fulton as a talented, but flawed man. AHR 91: 731; BHR 60: 658-59; JAH 73: 185; Penn Hist 53: 156-57. 856 Sheridan, Richard B. Doctors and Slaves: A Medical and Demographic History of Slavery in the British West Indies, 1680-1834. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985. xxii, 420 pp. ISBN 0521259657; OCLC 10780832; LC Call Number R475 .W47 S48. Citations: 59. Examines black folk medicine and medical life on the plantation. Surveys slave health in the West Indies, especially the impact of diet, disease, medicine, environment, and slaveholder punishment. Discusses differences in medical practices between Europe and Africa, and conditions on plantations, particularly morbidity, mortality, reproduction problems, the challenge posed by smallpox, and preventive medicine.. BHM 60: 443-44; Choice 23: 186-87; WMQ 43: 499-501. 857 Van Horne, John C. and Lee W. Formwalt, eds. The Papers of Benjamin Henry Latrobe. Series 4: The Correspondence and Miscellaneous Papers. Vol. 1: 1784-1804. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press for the Massachusetts Historical Society, 1984. xxxvii, 612 pp. ISBN 0300029012; OCLC 10301237; LC Call Number NA737.L34 A3. Citations: 29. Concentrates on Latrobe’s life in Virginia and Philadelphia, and his work on canals in Maryland, Delaware, and Washington, D.C. Includes documents on Latrobe’s time in Richmond and the construction of the Philadelphia waterworks. JAH 72: 943-45; JSH 52: 295-97; MHM 87: 88-92; Penn Hist 53: 243-44; VMHB 94: 227-29; WMQ 46: 419-22. 858 Wallace, Anthony F.C. The Social Context of Innovation: Bureaucrats, Families, and Heroes in the Early Industrial Revolution, as Foreseen in Bacon’s New Atlantis. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1982. xiii, 175 pp. ISBN 0691082731; OCLC 8109868; LC Call Number HC79 .T4 W34. Citations: 23. Sees the development of technology as a social process involving bureaucrats, families, and innovators. Explores the development of the steam engine and the iron industry in Britain, as well as the deployment of technology in Pennsylvania coal mining. Penn Hist 50: 261. 859 York, Neil Longley. Mechanical Metamorphosis: Technological Change in Revolutionary America. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1985. xvi, 240 pp. ISBN 0313244758; OCLC 10798862; LC Call Number T173.4 .Y67. Citations: 21. Examines examples of technology and the social response between roughly 1760 and 1790 as evidenced in newspapers, government records, and correspondence. Finds that “technological innovation by 1790 had become

230 Books on Early American History and Culture tangible enough for Americans to see how the translation of belief into practice could be accomplished.” BHR 60: 495-96; JAH 72: 940-41; NCHR 63: 139; Penn Hist 53: 155-56.

30 Visual Arts and Material Culture

860 Abrams, Ann Uhry. The Valiant Hero: Benjamin West and Grand-Style History Painting. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1985. 254 pp. ISBN 0874742064 (hbk.); ISBN 0874742072 (pbk.); OCLC 11442597; LC Call Number ND237 .W45 A827. Citations: 28. Concentrates on West’s paintings while in Pennsylvania, Italy, and England, such as Death of Socrates (1756), The Savage Chief (1761), The Choice of Hercules (1764), The Departure of Regulus from Rome (1769), and The Death of General Wolfe (1770). “Reads” the paintings to glean insight into West’s life. AHR 91: 727. 861 Byers, Mary and Margaret McBurney. The Governor’s Road: Early Buildings and Families from Mississauga to London. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1982. 319 pp. OCLC 9068207; LC Call Number F1057.8.O5 B946. Citations: 3. Examines the road between York and the Thames River, established by Simcoe. Focuses on pre-Confederation buildings and families. Considers homes, churches, town halls, jails, courthouses, mills, and smokehouses, among other types of structures. Explores construction materials and building styles and describes the experiences of early settlers in the Ontario wilderness. CHR 65: 117-18. 862 Carter, Edward C. II, John C. Van Horne, and Charles E. Brownell, eds. Latrobe’s View of America, 1795-1820: Selections from the Watercolors and Sketches. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1985. xxi, 400 pp. ISBN

232 Books on Early American History and Culture 0300029497; OCLC 10779197; LC Call Number ND1839. L35A4. Citations: 21. Reproduces 161 of Latrobe’s extant sketches and water color drawings, arranging them essentially in chronological order, by journey or according to Latrobe’s residences in Virginia and Washington. Offers commentaries from Latrobe and other travelers. Introductory essays describe his career as a naturalist. JAH 72: 943-45; LJ 110: 86; Penn Hist 53: 157-58; PMHB 110: 465-66; VMHB 94: 227-29. 863 Christman, Margaret C.S. Adventurous Pursuits: Americans and the China Trade, 1784-1844. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution for the National Portrait Gallery, 1984. 171 pp. OCLC 10301997; Gov. Doc. No. SI 11.2:Am 3/7; LC Call Number HF3128 .C47. Citations: 3. Describes the early China trade and its artifacts, and outlines the roles of Robert Morris, Samuel Shaw, Robert Bennet Forbes, Harriet Low, and Dr. Peter Parker. Discusses 65 items, including porcelain, paintings, and furniture. WMQ 42: 155-58. 864 Cunningham, Noble E., Jr. The Image of Thomas Jefferson in the Public Eye: Portraits for the People, 1800-1809. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1981. xvii, 185 pp. ISBN 0813908213; OCLC 6762241; LC Call Number N7628 .J4 C86. Citations: 7. Identifies and discusses more than sixty artistic representations of Jefferson created between 1800 and 1809. Includes engravings, medals, silhouettes, caricatures, portraits, carvings and paintings. Notes that caricatures and cartoons were not popular, but that “people had access to far more portraits of President Jefferson than has been previously appreciated.” NCHR 58: 400-401; VMHB 90: 393-94. 865 Curtis, Phillip H., ed. Pennsylvania German Art, 1683-1850: The Philadelphia Museum of Art and the Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum. Chciago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, 1984. xi, 365 pp. ISBN 0226695352; OCLC 9970135; LC Call Number NK835 .P4 P45. Citations: 0. Discusses the design and manufacture of German art objects in Pennsylvania, particularly paintings, drawings, imprints, furniture, musical instruments, metalwork, ceramics, glass, textiles, needlework, baskets, implements, and leather. Choice 22: 414. 866 Cutten, George Barton. Silversmiths of North Carolina, 1696-1860. Revised by Mary Reynolds Peacock. Raleigh: North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Division of Archives and History, 1984. xxviii, 301 pp. OCLC 11646221; LC Call Number NK7112 .C843. Citations: 1. Offers a revised edition of work first published in 1948. Studies silversmith monograms to identify North Carolina artisans, and describes their lives and craft. Discusses geographic distribution of silversmiths, their apprentices, and

Visual Arts and Material Culture 233 the types of items they made. Identifies 378 extant pieces and includes illustrations. Provides biographical data for 273 silversmiths. GHQ 69: 138-39; NCHR 62: 489-90; VMHB 93: 359. 867 Dillenberger, John. The Visual Arts and Christianity in America: The Colonial Period through the Nineteenth Century. Chico, Calif.: Scholars Press, 1984. 225 pp. ISBN 0891307346 (hbk.); ISBN 0891307613 (pbk.); OCLC 10483159; LC Call Number BV153 .U6 D55. Citations: 15. Contains ten essays exploring the role of art in early American Christianity. Focuses on neo-Gothic and neoclassical architecture, views on nature, classicism and nationalism, and biblical depictions. AHR 90: 1262; Choice 22: 831; Chr Cent 106 (6 Dec 89): 1152; JAAR 54: 574. 868 Dyson, Stephen L., ed. Comparative Studies in the Archaeology of Colonialism. Oxford, U.K.: BAR International Series, 1985. iv, 183 pp. ISBN 0860543021 (pbk.); OCLC 12483113; LC Call Number CC77 .H5. Citations: 12. Publishes papers on colonial material cultures. Articles cover northern Sweden, European contact with natives in Labrador, Spanish colonialism in the Caribbean, the Southeast and Southwest, English Indian policy in Virginia, colonial Australia, and Russian colonies in North America. Am Ant 52,: 196-97. 869 Evans, Dorinda. Mather Brown: Early American Artist in England. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1982. xxi, 297 pp. ISBN 0819559698; OCLC 9306948; LC Call Number ND237 .B8745. Citations: 8. Discusses Brown’s life in the context of political, aesthetic, and economic changes in Europe and America. Provides an annotated list of over 400 of Brown’s works. Choice 20: 1278; NEQ 56: 311; Times Lit Supp (5 Aug 83): 831; WMQ 40: 65558. 870 Guinness, Desmond and Julius Trousdale Sadler. Newport Preserv’d: Architecture of the 18th Century. New York: Viking Press, 1982. 152 pp. ISBN 0670509388; OCLC 7730926; LC Call Number NA7238 .N67 G8. Citations: 0. Discusses the architecture, history, and preservation of Newport’s eighteenthcentury buildings. Includes almost 200 illustrations, including before-and-after shots. Choice 20: 70. 871 Halchin, Jill Y. Excavations at Fort Michilimackinac, 1983-1985: House C of the Southeast Row House, The Solomon-Levy-Parant House. Mackinac Island, Mich.: Mackinac Island State Park Commission, 1985. iv, 215 pp. OCLC 14037907; LC Call Number F572 .M16 H35. Citations: 1. Describes the house used by the French-Canadian Parant family between 1733 and 1765 and by Jewish fur traders Ezekiel Solomon and Gershon Levy. Am Ant 53: 217; JER 6: 453-54.

234 Books on Early American History and Culture 872 Henry, John Frazier. Early Maritime Artists of the Pacific Northwest Coast, 1741-1841. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1984. xiii, 240 pp. ISBN 0295961287; OCLC 10184103; LC Call Number NC87 .H46. Citations: 15. Lists and recounts expeditions to northwestern North America, arranging them chronologically and by nationality. Draws from log books, diaries, and other sources, especially artists’ drawings. Provides captions and artist biographies. CHR 67: 254-55; Choice 22: 1318; PHR 55: 109-110. 873 Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania. Made in Western Pennsylvania, Early Decorative Arts: An Exhibition, April 20-May 29, 1982. Pittsburgh: Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania, 1982. 104 pp. OCLC 8806599; LC Call Number NK835 .P4. Citations: 0. Catalogs an exhibition of southwestern Pennsylvania furniture and decorative arts. Includes an introduction and sections on inlaid furniture, clock making, Pittsburgh silver, Monongahela Valley stoneware, Beaver Valley pottery, and Pittsburgh bottles and flasks. Penn Hist 50: 260-61. 874 Hulton, Paul. America 1585: The Complete Drawings of John White. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984. 213 pp. ISBN 0807816051; OCLC 10505120; LC Call Number NC242 .W53 A4. Citations: 36. Publishes all of White’s extant water colors, engravings from Theodor de Bry (1590) and the Sir Hans Sloane copies. Seeks “to make fine reproductions of John White’s drawings widely available.” Choice 22: 870; EAL 20: 178; JSH 51: 423-24; NCHR 62: 90-91. 875 Hume, Diana and Malcolm A. Nelson. Epitaph and Icon: A Field Guide to the Old Burying Grounds of Cape Cod, Martha’s Vineyard, and Nantucket. Orleans, Mass.: Parnassus Imprints, 1983. xv, 128 pp. ISBN 0940160218 (hbk.); ISBN 094016017X (pbk.); OCLC 9923952; LC Call Number GT3210 .M4 G46. Citations: 0. Identifies old burial grounds in New England and describes seventeenth-, eighteenth-, and nineteenth-century headstones, paying particular attention to epitaphs, iconography, and artistic and literary sources for them. EAL 19: 225. 876 Hume, Ivor Noël. Martin’s Hundred. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982. xx, 343 p. ISBN 0394507282; OCLC 8109936; LC Call Number F234 .M378 N63. Citations: 39. Discusses the excavation of Martin’s Hundred, techniques of historical archaeology, and the everyday work of the dig. Explores everyday life in seventeenth-century Virginia, from settlement planning and pottery to architecture and hair styles. AHR 88: 170; VMHB 91: 105-106.

Visual Arts and Material Culture 235 877 Jobe, Brock and Myrna Kaye. New England Furniture: The Colonial Era. Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1984. xiii, 494 pp. ISBN 0395344069; OCLC 10073040; LC Call Number NK2410 .J6. Citations: 30. Essays cover urban and rural crafts and designs, construction materials and methods, regional variations, and descriptions of 148 items, including notes on condition and provenance. Choice 22: 978; LJ 110 (1 Feb 85): 90; NEQ 58: 297. 878 Jordan, Terry G. American Log Buildings: An Old World Heritage. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985. x, 193 pp. ISBN 0807816175; OCLC 10558995; LC Call Number TH4840 .J67. Citations: 23. Examines the architecture of the Midland culture area, noting that, “From a presumed hearth area in the Delaware Valley, this style spread with the yeoman farmer frontier and eventually dominated a large wedge of territory broadening to the west from its Pennsylvania apex, extending as far as the Great Plains.” Concludes “that the greatest shaping influence on Midland American log construction was exerted by settlers from the Fenno-Scandian area.” AgH 60: 109-111; IMH 83: 196-97; Penn Hist 52: 277-78. 879 Kennedy, Roger G. Architecture, Men, Women and Money in America, 1600-1860. New York: Random House, 1985. xvi, 526 pp. ISBN 0394535790; OCLC 10404096; LC Call Number NA707 .K38. Citations: 15. Studies architectural patronage in all regions in early America. Concludes that “bold and successful architecture is likely to be produced when an economy has enlarged itself quickly, when the energy of the newly rich has not been wholly spent in that enlargement and when there is a group of these potential clients interested in architecture.” JAH 73: 729. 880 Klapthor, Margaret Brown and Howard Alexander Morrison. G. Washington: A Figure Upon the Stage. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1982. 231 pp. ISBN 0874745926 (hbk.); ISBN 0874745934 (pbk.); OCLC 7945940; LC Call Number E312.5 .K56. Citations: 5. Describes a Smithsonian Institution exhibition celebrating the 250th anniversary of Washington’s birth. Describes over 500 items on display, including commemorative items from the twentieth century. Choice 19: 1480; PMHB 107: 302-305. 881 Klayman, Richard. America Abandoned: John Singleton Copley’s American Years, 1738-1774: An Interpretive History. Lanham, Md: University Press of America, 1983. viii, 125 pp. ISBN 0819133388 (hbk.); ISBN 0819133396 (pbk.); OCLC 9622038; LC Call Number ND1329 .C67 K4. Citations: 1. Places Copley in political, economic, social, and ideological contexts of preRevolutionary Boston. Discusses Copley’s emigration to London in 1774 and his artistic influences. WMQ 41: 670-72.

236 Books on Early American History and Culture 882 Maccubbin, Robert P. and Peter Martin, eds. British and American Gardens in the Eighteenth Century: Eighteen Illustrated Essays on Garden History. Williamsburg, Va.: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1984. 188 pp. ISBN 0879351055; OCLC 10483482; LC Call Number SB457.54 .B75. Citations: 29. Publishes eighteen essays on the history of gardening in America and Britain. Articles review the historiography of gardening, the nomenclature of style, the influence of Sir William Hamilton, the design of terraces and canals, the geometry of gardens, and designs at Monticello. WMQ 42: 405-407. 883 McClave, Elizabeth W. Stephen Van Rensselaer III: A Pictorial Reflection and Biographical Commentary. Edited by Rowland McClave and William B. Zimmerman. Stephenton, N.Y.: The Stephentown HIstorical Society and the Holland Society of New York, 1984. 62 pp. OCLC 11506738; LC Call Number F123 .V28 M33. Citations: 0. Presents portraits and other illustrations of Van Rensselaer (1764-1839), New York statesman and benefactor of the arts and sciences. NYH 67: 468. 884 Miller, Lillian B., ed. The Selected Papers of Charles Willson Peale and His Family. Vol. 1: Charles Willson Peale: Artist in Revolutionary America, 1735-1791. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, for the National Portrait Gallery, 1984. lvii, 673 pp. ISBN 0300025769; OCLC 8928030; LC Call Number ND237 .P27 S37. Citations: 37. Presents selections from Peale’s letters and diaries offering insight on artistic, scientific, military, and political developments in America during the eighteenth century. JAH 71: 615-617; JAS 19: 427-28; PMHB 108: 517-20; VMHB 93: 343-44; WMQ 42: 153-55. 885 Neuman, Robert W., ed. Historical Archaeology of the Eastern United States: Papers from the R.J. Russell Symposium. Baton Rouge: School of Geoscience, Louisiana State University, 1983. 69 pp. OCLC 9893733; LC Call Number E159.5 .H57. Citations: 2. Includes work by seven authors summarizing eastern U.S. archaeology. Essays cover shipwrecks, historical archaeology, material culture around Vinton, Mississippi, the Tunica and Natchez of the Mississippi valley, the Spanish enclave of Los Adaes in Louisiana, and Cherokee settlement in Georgia. Am Ant 50: 194-95. 886 Noble, Allen G. Wood, Brick, and Stone: The North American Settlement Landscape. 2 vols. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1984. 160 pp. 186 pp. ISBN 0870234102 (vol. 1); ISBN 0870234110 (vol. 2); OCLC 10229681; LC Call Number NA703 .N6. Citations: 34. Describes houses, barns and other structures of rural America, including those of English, Dutch, French, and Spanish colonists, and Native Americans. AgH 59: 606-607; JAS 22: 147-48.

Visual Arts and Material Culture 237 887 Patrick, James. Architecture in Tennessee, 1768-1897. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1981. xiv, 273 pp. ISBN 0870492233; OCLC 6649380; LC Call Number NA730.T4P37. Citations: 7. Studies Tennessee’s log buildings, public structures and churches, as well as the Federal and Greek revival periods, giving careful attention to historical and social influences on the region’s architecture. JSH 48: 467. 888 Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. William Rush, American Sculptor. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1982. 211 pp. OCLC 8846391; LC Call Number NB237 .R8 A4. Citations: 0. Publishes the catalog of a 1982 exhibition at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts covering Rush’s life, portrait busts, and tools, materials, and methods. WMQ 40: 655-58. 889 Poesch, Jessie. The Art of the Old South: Painting, Architecture and the Products of Craftsmen, 1560-1860. New York: Knopf, 1983. xii, 384 pp. ISBN 039440193X; OCLC 9646289; LC Call Number N6520 .P63. Citations: 20. Surveys Old South high style, vernacular, and folk paintings, as well as buildings, sculptures, and crafts. Emphasizes the diversity of artistic influences in the region and the importance of the work of individuals like John James Audobon, Benjamin Henry Latrobe, and members of the Peale family. AHR 89: 1382; JAH 71: 604-605; JSH 50: 629-30. 890 Smith, Philip Chadwick Foster. Philadelphians and the China Trade, 1784-1844. Philadelphia, Penn.: Piladelphia Museum of Art, 1984. 232 pp. ISBN 087633060X (pbk.); OCLC 10949015; LC Call Number N7343.5 .L43. Citations: 14. Presents a catalog of two 1984 exhibitions on the China trade. Includes descriptions of pottery, tableware, housewares, fabrics, games, and paintings, and biographical sketches of merchants. WMQ 42: 158-60. 891 Spear, Judy and Margaret June, eds. New England Begins: The Seventeenth Century. 3 vols. Boston, Mass.: Museum of Fine Arts, 1982. xxviii, 575 pp. ISBN 0878462104 (pbk.); OCLC 8806450; LC Call Number F7 .N476. Citations: 48. Presents a catalog for a 1982 Boston Museum of Fine Arts exhibition marking the 350th anniversary of the founding of Massachusetts Bay. Contains essays on and pictures and descriptions of exhibited objects. Challenges the idea that Puritanism was completely somber and austere and illustrates English regional attitudes, styles, and preferences. Finds that New Englanders rejected religious persecution and poverty, but embraced English customs in building, town organization, furniture, painting, metal working, and printing. EAL 19: 93-95.

238 Books on Early American History and Culture 892 Swank, Scott T., Benno M. Forman, Frank H. Sommer, Arlene Palmer Schwind, Frederick S. Weiser, Donald L. Fennimore, and Susan Burrows Swan. Arts of the Pennsylvania Germans. Edited by Catherine E. Hutchins. New York: W.W. Norton for the Henry Francis DuPont Winterthur Museum, 1983. x, 309 pp. ISBN 0393017494; OCLC 8975837; LC Call Number N6530 .P4 S8. Citations: 16. Contains twelve essays covering German ethnicity, furniture, glass, earthware, metalwork, textiles, and books. JAEH 4: 100-101; Penn Hist 52: 47-48. 893 Turnbaugh, Sarah Peabody, ed. Domestic Pottery of the Northeastern United States, 1625-1850. Orlando, Fla.: Academic Press, 1985. xxi, 319 pp. ISBN 0127038701 (hbk.); ISBN 012703871X (pbk.); OCLC 12078937; LC Call Number HD9611.7 .A115 D66. Citations: 8. Collects 14 essays on earthenwares and stonewares in the northeastern United States, mostly from the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Includes articles on Dutch ceramics in New York, Plymouth Colony vessels, Charlestown, Massachusetts pottery, rural nineteenth-century kilns, slipware, and the industrialization of family potteries. Am Ant 52: 650-51. 894 Ultan, Lloyd. Legacy of the Revolution: The Valentine-Varian House. Bronx, N.Y.: The Bronx County Historical Society, 1983. xii, 130 pp. ISBN 094198012X (pbk.); OCLC 9488805; LC Call Number F128.68 .B8. Citations: 0. Describes the house of Isaac Valentine in the Bronx (c. 1758), which was acquired by Isaac Varian and then the Bronx Historical Society. NYH 65: 403. 895 Ward, Albert E., ed. Forgotten Places and Things: Archaeological Perspectives on American History. Albuquerque, N.M.: Center for Anthropological Studies, 1983. xii, 358 pp. ISBN 0932752071; OCLC 10702113; LC Call Number CC51.62. Citations: 7. Collects 40 papers on historical archaeology presented at a 1980 Albuquerque conference. Articles cover multidisciplinary research, archaeological work in the western U.S., ethnic studies, the archaeology of railroad and logging camps, artifact analyses, cultural resource management, subsistence analysis, cemetery studies, methodology, and conference keynote speeches. FHQ 64: 338-40. 896 Watters, David H. “With Bodilie Eyes”: Eschatological Themes in Puritan Literature and Gravestone Art. Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Research Press, 1981. xii, 255 pp. ISBN 0835712494; OCLC 7837318; LC Call Number BT819.5 .W37. Citations: 6. Relates Puritan gravestone carvings to eschatology. Covers the symbolism of Increase Mather’s and Samuel Mather’s temple imagery, the heart motif, Godthe-father images, pagan water deities, and garden and flower imagery. EAL 17: 251-52; WMQ 40: 469-71.

Visual Arts and Material Culture 239 897 Webster, Donald Blake, Michael S. Cross and Irene Szylinger. Georgian Canada, Conflict and Culture, 1745-1820. Toronto, Ont.: Royal Ontario Museum, 1984. xiv, 225 pp. ISBN 0888543093; OCLC 11074659; LC Call Number NK841 .W43. Citations: 5. Presents the catalog of an exhibition at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, 7 June to 21 October 1984. Describes fine and decorative arts of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and argues that Canadian national identity dates back to the 1760s and was born of “world-power conflict and war, ultimate military conquest, and three successive (and successful) defences against further conquest.” Includes gravestones, furniture, and paintings. WMQ 42: 417-20. 898 Whiffen, Marcus. The Eighteenth-Century Houses of Williamsburg: A Study of Architecture and Building in the Colonial Capital of Virginia. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1984. xxii, 289 pp. ISBN 0910412057; OCLC 10023012; LC Call Number NA7238 .W4 W5. Citations: 8. Discusses eighteenth-century homes and buildings of Williamsburg. Includes photographs and floor plans, and descriptions of structures. NCHR 62: 227-28; VMHB 93: 359. 899 Wick, Wendy C. George Washington, An American Icon: The EighteenthCentury Graphics Portraits. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1982. xxi, 186 pp. ISBN 0865280150 (hbk.); ISBN 0865280142 (pbk.); OCLC 8111239; LC Call Number N7628 .W3 W5. Citations: 24. Identifies eighteenth-century printed American images of Washington, ordering them by Washington as soldier, statesman, and symbol of the Republic. Includes introductory essays on Washington, iconography, and the trade in Washington’s image. Illustrates and annotates 101 separate prints, giving the artist, medium, dimensions, where it appeared, and references. Choice 20: 74; FCHQ 58: 75-77; JSH 49: 491-92; PMHB 107: 302-305. 900 Wood, Karen G. Life in New Leeds: Archaeological and Historical Investigations at the Fahm Street Extension Site, 9 CH 703 (FS), Savannah, Georgia. Athens, Ga.: Southeastern Archaeological Services, 1985. ix, 159 pp. OCLC 12363844; LC Call Number F294 .S2 W66. Citations: 1. Examines the archaeology of land and items, particularly of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Notes that the area consisted mostly of Irish immigrant artisans, butchers, and subsistence farmers. Focuses on the life of merchant John Gardiner. GHQ 69: 628.

31 Performing Arts

901 Bandel, Betty. Sing the Lord’s Song in a Strange Land: The Life of Justin Morgan. Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1981. 263 pp. ISBN 0838624111; OCLC 6485373; LC Call Number ML410 .M779 B3. Citations: 2. Traces Morgan through Massachusetts to Vermont, from his life as a horse breeder and tax collector, to his post-Shays roles as town clerk, schoolmaster, and psalmodist. Outlines various styles of New England music and comments on Morgan’s nine extant pieces. JAH 69: 433. 902 Britt, Judith S. Nothing More Agreeable: Music in George Washington ’s Family. Mount Vernon, Va.: The Mount Vernon Ladies Association of the Union, 1984. ix, 120 pp. OCLC 11236182; LC Call Number ML200.7.V5 B74. Citations: 2. Provides a general, illustrated account of the influence of music at Mount Vernon and efforts of the Washington family to provide music education to servants and family members. VMHB 94: 371. 903 Doucette, Leonard E. Theatre in French Canada: Laying the Foundations, 1606-1867. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1984. x, 290 pp. ISBN 0802055796; OCLC 11367946; LC Call Number PQ3911 .D67. Citations: 20. Divides the early Canadian theatrical tradition into the "religious-pedagogic" (to instruct and edify), political (to inform and politicize), and social (to entertain the masses). Focuses on text rather than performance. CHR 67: 443-44.

242 Books on Early American History and Culture 904 Lambert, Barbara, ed. Music in Colonial Massachusetts, 1630-1820: A Conference Held by the Colonial Society of Massachusetts, May 17 and 18, 1973. Boston: The Colonial Society of Massachusetts, 1985. 2 vols. OCLC 7579212; LC Call Number ML200.7 M3 M8. Citations: 14. Articles cover secular music in early Massachusetts, instrument making, psalmody, broadsides, songsters, martial music, musicians, and country dancing. Finds that Puritanism did not represent “the musicless desert envisioned by so many preceding scholars.” WMQ 43: 492-94. 905 Lemay, J.A. Leo. “New England’s Annoyances”: America’s First Folk Song. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1985. 163 pp. ISBN 0874132789; OCLC 11443390; LC Call Number ML3561 .N49 L4. Citations: 6. Underscores the Puritan origins of American humor and the importance of oral tradition to early American culture. Notes that the song “boasts of the difficulties of New England life” and finds that “the most dramatic evidence of early American identity exists in the song that New Englanders popularly adopted and kept alive in the oral tradition.” JAS 22: 295-98; PMHB 110: 569-70; WMQ 43: 495-96.

Appendix A: Most Frequently Cited Books in the Journal Literature, 1980-2004 (Based on ISI Arts and Humanities and Social Science Citation Indexes as of May 2004)

Author Wilentz Tompkins Cronon Storing Isaac Todorov Greene McDonald Horsman McCusker Appleby Fliegelman Diggins Kolodny Wills Lebsock Ulrich Demos Fox-Genovese Kaestle Dobyns White Galenson White

Title Citations 472 Chants Democratic Sensational Designs 439 398 Changes in the Land 384 Complete Anti-Federalist 375 Transformation of Virginia 340 Conquest of America 316 Colonial British America 273 Novus Ordo Seclorum 265 Race and Manifest Destiny 257 Economy of British America Capitalism and a New Social Order 247 232 Prodigals and Pilgrims 216 Lost Soul of American Politics 201 Land Before Her 189 Explaining America 187 Free Women of Petersburg 179 Good Wives 178 Entertaining Satan 169 Fruits of Merchant Capital 168 Pillars of the Republic 167 Their Number Become Thinned 167 Roots of Dependency 166 White Servitude 163 Ar'n't I a Woman?

Chapter Labor and Class Literature Rural Life Constitution Society Natives General Constitution Race Economics Ideas Revolution Ideas Gender Constitution Gender Gender Society Economics Education Natives Natives Labor and Class Gender

244 Books on Early American History and Culture Author Epstein Axtell Axtell Levy Davis Davis Joyce Ferguson Oakes Van Kirk Clinton Rakove Stilgoe Meyers Higman Faler Berlin Allen Formisano Hartog Trigger Hambrick-Stowe Newmyer Hall Jacob Salisbury Bloch Wiebe Cohen Rutman Bauman Caldwell Peterson Jeremy Jennings Lewis Fiering Craton Countryman Hoffer Main Lockhart Hall Breen Andrews Peterson Rawley

Title Citations Political Theory of the Federalist 161 160 Invasion Within 157 European and the Indian 157 Emergence of a Free Press 156 Slave's Narrative 154 Slavery and Human Progress 153 Printing and Society 150 Law and Letters 144 Ruling Race 134 Many Tender Ties 121 Plantation Mistress Beginnings of National Politics 118 116 Common Landscape of America 116 Mind of the Founder 115 Slave Populations 114 Mechanics and Manufacturers Slavery and Freedom 113 112 In English Ways Transformation of Political Culture 112 Public Property and Private Power 112 111 Natives and Newcomers Practice of Piety 110 108 Justice Joseph Story 106 Saints and Revolutionaries 104 Anglo-American Radicalism 103 Manitou and Providence 103 Visionary Republic 102 Opening of American Society 99 Calculating People A Place in Time: Middlesex County 96 96 Let Your Words Be Few Puritan Conversion Narrative 94 Thomas Jefferson: Writings 94 Transatlantic Industrial Revolution 94 93 Ambiguous Iroquois Empire 93 Pursuit of Happiness Jonathan Edwards's Moral Thought 92 90 Testing the Chains 90 People in Revolution 89 Murdering Mothers 85 Tobacco Colony 82 Early Latin America Organization of American Culture 82 81 Tobacco Culture Trade, Plunder, and Settlement 80 80 New Peoples Transatlantic Slave Trade 80

Chapter Constitution Natives Natives Communication Race Race Communication Law

Race Gender Gender Politics Rural Life Politics Race Economics Race Colonization Politics Law

Natives Religion Politics General Ideas Natives Ideas General Society Society Communication Religion Ideas Science Natives Families Religion Race Revolution Families Society General Labor and Class Society Colonization Natives Race

Appendix A 245 Author Singleton Walvin Fitzhugh Innes Gardner Gura Haskins Wills Greer Marshall Anderson

Title Citations Archaeology of Slavery 80 Slavery and British Society 80 Culture in Contact 79 Labor in a New Land 79 Ordinary People 79 Glimpse of Sion 's Glory 77 Oliver Wendall Holmes Devise 77 Cincinnatus 77 Peasant, Lord, and Merchant 76 Great Map of Mankind 76 People's Army 75

Chapter Race Race Natives Labor and Class Society Religion Law Ideas Rural Life Ideas Military

Appendix B: Most Frequently Cited Books in the Journal Literature, 1980-2004 by Chapter (Based on ISI Arts and Humanities and Social Science Citation Indexes as of May 2004)

1 General Author Greene Hall Wiebe Lockhart Hall Malone Gerhard 2

Citations 316 106 102 82 69 65 50

Historiography and Public History

Author Hosmer 3

Title Colonial British America Saints and Revolutionaries The Opening of American Society Early Latin America Seventeenth-Century New England The Sage of Monticello The North Frontier of New Spain

Title Preservation Comes of Age

Citations 55

Geography and Exploration

Author Jackson Vancouver Flores

Title Citations Thomas Jefferson and the Stony 40 A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific 34 Jefferson and Southwestern Exploration 31

248 Books on Early American History and Culture 4

Colonization

Author Allen Andrews Landsman McAlister Anna

5

Title England's Sea Empire, 1550-1642 Tobacco Coast

Citations 28 24

Native Americans

Author Todorov Dobyns White Axtell Axtell Trigger Salisbury Jennings Peterson Fitzhugh Jennings Ronda Dickason Foster McLoughlin Vaughan 7

Citations 112 80 45 42 39

Maritime History

Author Quinn Middleon 6

Title In English Ways Trade, Plunder, and Settlement Scotland and Its First American Colony Spain and Portugal in the New World Spain and the Loss of America

Title Citations The Conquest of America 340 Their Number Become Thinned 167 The Roots of Dependency 167 The Invasion Within 160 The European and the Indian 157 Natives and Newcomers 111 Manitou and Providence 103 The Ambiguous Iroquois Empire 93 The New Peoples 80 Culture in Contact 79 History and Culture of Iroquois Diplomacy 54 Lewis and Clark among the Indians 54 The Myth of the Savage 53 Extending the Rafters 53 Cherokees and Missionaries 50 Puritans Among the Indians 50

Race and Slavery

Author Horsman Davis Davis Oakes Higman Berlin Craton Rawley Singleton Walvin

Title Citations Race and Manifest Destiny 265 The Slave's Narrative 156 Slavery and Human Progress 154 The Ruling Race 144 Slave Populations of the British Caribbean 115 Slavery and Freedom 113 Testing the Chains 90 The Transatlantic Slave Trade 80 The Archaeology of Slavery 80 80 Slavery and British Society, 1776-1846

Appendix B 249 7

Race and Slavery (continued)

Author Joyner Littlefield Eltis

8

Citations 70 68 62

Title The Land Before Her The Free Women of Petersburg Good Wives Ar'n't I a Woman? Many Tender Ties The Plantation Mistress Liberty, A Better Husband The Nightingale's Burden

Citations 201 187 179 163 134 121 64 48

Gender

Author Kolodny Lebsock Ulrich White Van Kirk Clinton Chambers Walker 9

Title Down by the Riverside Rice and Slaves The Abolition of the Atlantic Slave Trade

Ethnicity

Author Doyle Brock Westphall

Title Citations Ireland, Irishmen, and Revolutionary America 33 27 Scotus Americanus Mercedes Reales 27

10 Migration Author Bumsted Jones Condon

Title The People's Clearance Village and Seaport The Envy of the American States

Citations 52 52 25

11 Labor and Class Author Wilentz Galenson Hall Innes Pentland Steffen

Title Citations Chants Democratic 472 White Servitude in Colonial America 166 The Organization of American Culture 82 Labor in a New Land 79 Labour and Capital in Canada, 1650-1860 68 The Mechanics of Baltimore 55

12 Economics and Business Author McCusker

Title

The Economy of British America, 1607-1789

Citations 257

250 Books on Early American History and Culture 12 Economics and Business (continued) Author Fox-Genovese Faler Cochran Kriedte Seavoy Wood Francis

Title Citations 169 Fruits of Merchant Capital 114 Mechanics and Manufacturers 69 Frontiers of Change Peasants, Landlords and Merchant Capitalists 49 Origins of the American Business Corporation 40 37 Early Fur Trade on the Northern Plains 35 Partners in Furs

13 Society Author Isaac Demos Cohen Rutman Main Breen Gardner Upham Heyrman Meyer Sweet Deagan Main Rutman

Title Citations The Transformation of Virginia, 1740-1790 375 178 Entertaining Satan 99 A Calculating People 96 A Place in Time: Middlesex County, Virginia 85 Tobacco Colony 81 Tobacco Culture Ordinary People and Everyday Life 79 73 Politics and Power 68 Commerce and Culture 68 Water in the Hispanic Southwest 62 Struggle and Survival in Colonial America 61 Spanish St. Augustine Society and Economy in Colonial Connecticut 50 50 A Place in Time: Explicatus

14 Families and Children Author Lewis Hoffer Wells Vinovskis

Title The Pursuit of Happiness Murdering Mothers Revolutions in Americans' Lives Fertility in Massachusetts

Citations 93 89 43 39

15 Rural Life, Agriculture, and Environment Author Cronon Stilgoe Greer Jordan

Title Changes in the Land Common Landscape of America Peasant, Lord and Merchant Trails to Texas

Citations 398 116 76 53

Appendix B 251 16 Religion Author Hambrick-Stowe Caldwell Fiering Gura Silverman Marini Lovejoy Weisman

Title Citations 110 The Practice of Piety 94 The Puritan Conversion Narrative 92 Jonathan Edwards's Moral Thought 77 A Glimpse of Sion 's Glory 64 The Life and Times of Cotton Mather Radical Sects of Revolutionary New England 61 60 Religious Enthusiasm in the New World 54 Witchcraft, Magic, and Religion

17 American Revolution Author Fliegelman Countryman Middlekauff Hoffman Shaw Maier Tucker Countryman

Title Prodigals and Pilgrims A People in Revolution The Glorious Cause An Uncivil War American Patriots The Old Revolutionaries The Fall of the First British Empire The American Revolution

Citations

Title Mr. Madison's War The Naval War of 1812

Citations 53 37

Title The Complete Anti-Federalist Novus Ordo Seclorum Explaining America The Political Theory of the Federalist The Origins of the Federal Republic The Authority of Publius

Citations

232 90 72 50 48 42 42 40

18 War of 1812 Author Stagg Dudley

19 Constitution Author Storing McDonald Wills Epstein Onuf Furtwangler

384 273 189 161 62 47

20 Politics and Government Author Rakove Meyers Formisano Newmyer Hyneman

Title The Beginnings of National Politics The Mind of the Founder The Transformation of Political Culture Supreme Court Justice Joseph Story American Political Writing

Citations 118 116 112 108 68

252 Books on Early American History and Culture 20

Politics and Government (continued)

Author Matthews Ketcham Hoffer Greenberg Peters Spater Bushman Simmons Johnson

Title Citations The Radical Politics of Thomas Jefferson 59 55 Presidents Above Party 54 Impeachment in America 50 Masters and Statesmen 48 Pitt and Popularity 45 William Cobbett King and People in Provincial Massachusetts 42 Proceedings and Debates of British Parliament 42 40 Adjustment to Empire

21 Law Author Ferguson Hartog Haskins Roeber Prest

Title Citations Law and Letters in American Culture 150 Public Property and Private Power 112 The Oliver Wendell Holmes Devise History 77 Faithful Magistrates and Republican Lawyers 51 Lawyers in Early Modern Europe and America 48

22 Crime and Punishment Author Mackey

Title Hanging in the Balance

Citations

Title Diplomacy and Revolution Foreign Policy in the Early Republic

Citations

Title A People's Army Slavery, War, and Revolution To Starve the Army at Pleasure The British Soldier in America

Citations

12

23 Diplomacy Author Hoffman Lang

27 26

24 Military Author Anderson Geggus Carp Frey

75 54 38 28

25 Ideas Author Appleby Diggins Jacob Bloch

Citations Title Capitalism and a New Social Order 247 The Lost Soul of American Politics 216 The Origins of Anglo-American Radicalism 104 Visionary Republic 103

Appendix B 253 25

Ideas (continued)

Author Peterson Wills Marshall Kuklick Fiering Axelrod Lewis Liss Reinhold

Title Thomas Jefferson: Writings Cincinnatus The Great Map of Mankind Churchmen and Philosophers Moral Philosophy The Colonial Revival in America Main Currents in Caribbean Thought Atlantic Empires Classica Americana

Citations 94 77 76 74 69 68 56 45 43

Title Sensational Designs Revolutionary Writers Critical Essays on Phillis Wheatley Borderlands Sourcebook Faith in Fiction An American Triptych

Citations

26 Literature Author Tompkins Elliott Robinson Stoddard Reynolds Martin

439 73 66 50 45 44

27 Communication Author Levy Joyce Bauman Baron

Title Emergence of a Free Press Printing and Society in Early America Let Your Words Be Few Grammar and Good Taste

Citations

Title Pillars of the Republic

Citations 168

157 153 96 41

28 Education Author Kaestle

29 Science, Medicine, and Technology Author Jeremy Kiple Hindle Sheridan Greene Cash

Title Citations Transatlantic Industrial Revolution 94 The Caribbean Slave: A Biological History 70 66 Emulation and Invention 59 Doctors and Slaves 56 American Science in the Age of Jefferson 45 Medicine in Colonial Massachusetts

254 Books on Early American History and Culture 30 Visual Arts and Material Culture Author Spear Hume Miller Hulton Noble Jobe

Citations Title 48 New England Begins 39 Martin's Hundred The Selected Papers of Charles Willson Peale 37 36 America 1585 34 Wood, Brick, and Stone 30 New England Furniture

31 Performing Arts Author Doucette

Title Theatre in French Canada

Citations 20

Author Index

Reference numbers indicate bibliography entry numbers. Abbot, W.W., 543-46 Abrams, Ann Uhry, 860 Acheson, T.W., 1 Adair, John, 367 Adams, Dickinson W., 368 Adams, George Rollie, 320 Adams, John Quincy, 548-49 Adams, Marilyn L., 276 Akers, Charles W., 434 Albert, Peter J., 467-68, 589, 706 Alden, John R., 435, 547 Alderfer, E. Gordon, 369 Aldridge, A. Owen, 746, 774 Allen, Christine M., 657-59 Allen, David Grayson, 23, 103, 548-49 Allen, Robert S., 436 Allen, W.B., 526, 550 Alline, Henry, 373 Alsop, Susan Mary, 700 Ames, Fisher, 550 Ames, William, 370 Amore, Adelaide P., 775 Anderson, Fred, 715 Anderson, Gary Clayton, 140 Anderson, William G., 437 Andrews, Kenneth R., 104

Anna, Timothy E., 105 Antliff, W. Bruce, 438 Appleby, Joyce, 747 Aquila, Richard, 141 Arksey, Laura, 776 Armstrong, Joan Tracy, 2 Arner, Robert D., 777 Arnold, Morris S., 673 Ashley, Perry J., 815 Astro, Richard, 799 Attig, John C., 748 Austin, Aleine, 551 Avant, David A., Jr., 341 Axelrod, Alan, 749, 778 Axtell, James, 142-44 Badger, R. Reid, 3 Bailey, David T., 371 Bailey, N. Louise, 552 Bandel, Betty, 901 Bandelier, Adolph F., 90 Barbier, Jacques A., 277 Barnes, Thomas, 696 Baron, Dennis E., 816 Bates, George E., 4 Bauman, Richard, 817 Bedini, Silvio A., 839

256 Books on Early American History and Culture Beeman, Richard R., 5 Bell, D.G., 372 Benes, Peter, 310 Bennett, Charles E., 701 Berkeley, Dorothy Smith, 840 Berkeley, Edmund, 840 Berlin, Ira, 192 Berts, Robert B., 193 Beverley, James, 373 Biemer, Linda Briggs, 231 Birkner, Michael, 553 Blakeley, Phyllis R., 439 Blanco, Richard L., 440 Bloch, Ruth, 750 Bloomfield, Joseph, 474 Bogin, Ruth, 441 Boles, John B., 194 Bolkhovitinov, N.N., 6 Bolton, S. Charles, 374 Bonnet, Jean-Marie, 779 Boucher, Philip P., 106 Bourne, Miriam Anne, 342 Bowers, Winnifred, 680 Boyd, Julian P., 554 Boyd, Steven R., 555 Bradford, James C., 716 Bradstreet, Anne, 798 Bray, Thomas, 226 Breen, T.H., 311 Breitwieser, Mitchell Robert, 751 Bridenbaugh, Carl, 7, 8 Bridges, Edwin C., 442 Brighton, Ray, 556 Brinsfield, John Wesley, 375 Britt, Judith S., 902 Brock, William R., 250 Brown, Charles Brockden, 792-93 Brown, Imogene E., 557 Brown, Jennifer S.H., 175 Brown, M.L., 841 Brown, Richard D., 823 Brown, Stephen W., 558 Brown, Wallace, 443 Browne, G., 4 Brownell, Charles E., 862 Brugger, Robert J., 637 Bruman, Henry J., 9 Bryan, Charles F., 615

Buckley, Roger Norman, 717 Buel, Joy Day, 232 Buel, Richard, Jr., 232 Bullard, Mary R., 195 Bullion, John L., 559 Bumsted, J.M., 70, 107, 256 Burch, Philip H., Jr., 264 Burg, B.R., 376 Burns, James MacGregor, 752 Burr, Aaron, 595 Burr, Esther Edwards, 233 Bushman, Richard L., 560 Bushnell, Amy, 278 Butler, Jon, 377 Butler, Lindley S., 444 Butts, Ed, 698 Buxbaum, Melvin H., 561 Byers, Mary, 861 Byler, Mary Gloyne, 157 Cain, Robert J., 562-63 Calder, Angus, 108 Caldwell, Patricia, 378 Campbell, Archibald, 445 Campbell, Colin, 445 Campisi, Jack, 153 Cardoso, Gerald, 196 Carp, E. Wayne, 718 Carter, Edward C., 67, 862 Carter, Jane Levis, 279 Carter, John H., 10 Casagrande, L., 4 Case, Robert, 11 Cash, Philip, 842 Cassity, Michael J., 197 Castiglioni, Luigi, 68 Catanzariti, John, 280, 456 Cell, Gillian T., 109 Chambers-Schiller, Lee Virginia, 234 Chapin, Bradley, 674 Chapman, Paul H., 69 Charbonneau, André, 719 Chase, Philander D., 446 Chesnutt, David R., 564, 631 Christianson, Eric H., 842 Christman, Margaret C.S., 863 Christoph, Florence, 312

Author Index 257 Christoph, Peter R., 312 Chu, Jonathan, 379 Cifelli, Edward M., 753 Clark, Edward W., 187 Clark, John G., 281 Clark, Murtie June, 720 Clark, Ronald W., 565 Clarkin, William, 818 Clayton, Lawrence A., 3 Clinton, Catherine, 235 Clowse, Converse D., 282 Coale, Joseph M., 88 Cochran, Thomas C., 283 Cockrell, Wilburn A., 59 Codignola, Luca, 380 Cohen, Patricia Cline, 313 Coker, William S., 447 Coleman, Eleanor S., 448 Coleman, Kenneth, 314 Condon, Ann Gorman, 257 Conforti, Joseph A., 381 Conway, Jill K., 236 Cooke, Jacob Ernest, 566 Cooper, Elizabeth Ivey, 552 Cooper, Mary, 324 Cooper, William J., 567 Coquillette, Daniel R., 675 Coughtry, Jay, 198 Countryman, Edward, 449-50 Cowell, Pattie, 780-81 Cox, Edward L., 199 Cradock, Thomas, 808 Crane, Elaine Forman, 315 Craton, Michael, 200 Crawford, Michael J., 515 Cress, Lawrence Delbert, 721 Cronon, William, 353 Cross, Michael S., 897 Crosskey, William Winslow, 527 Crouch, Dora P., 110 Crout, Robert Rhodes, 470 Crumpacker, Laurie, 233 Cullen, Charles T., 568 Cunningham, Noble E., Jr., 864 Current-García Eugene, 782 Curtis, Phillip H., 865 Cushing, John D., 676 Cuthbertson, Brian C., 382, 569-70

Cutten, George Barton, 866 D’Iberville, Pierre LeMoyne, 85 Dabney, Virginius, 571 Daigle, Jean, 12 Daniell, Jere R., 13 Daniels, Bruce C., 572 David, Elizabeth S., 661 David, Richard, 74 Davis, Charles T., 201 Davis, David Brion, 202 Davis, Robert Scott, Jr., 316, 451 Davis, Thomas J., 203 Davis, Thomas M., 383 Davis, Virginia L., 383 Dawson, Jan C., 60 Day, Alan F., 621 Deagan, Kathleen, 317 Dearmont, Nelson S., 280 Dederer, John Morgan, 722 DeGrummond, Jane Lucas, 723 Del Río, Ángel, 702 Delbanco, Andrew, 395, 783 Demos, John Putnam, 318 DenBoer, Gordon, 573 D’Entremont, Clarence J., 14 DeProspo, R.C., 384 Desloges, Yvon, 719 Diamant, Lincoln, 452 Dickason, Olive Patricia, 145 Dickens, Roy S., 146 Dickinson, John Alexander, 677 Diggins, John Patrick, 754 Dill, Alonzo Thomas, 453 Dillenberger, John, 867 Din, Gilbert C., 147 Dinkin, Robert J., 574 Dobyns, Henry F., 148 Dolmetsch, Christopher L., 819 Dorris, Michael A., 157 Doucette, Leonard E., 903 Doyle, David Noel, 251 Dudley, William S., 515 Dull, Jonathan R., 454, 703 Dunn, Mary Maples, 15, 16 Dunn, Richard S., 15, 16 Dunnigan, Brian Leigh, 724-25 Durant, David N., 111

258 Books on Early American History and Culture Dyson, Stephen L., 868 Edmunds, R. David, 149-50 Edwards, Jonathan, 410 Edwards, Paul, 204 Edwards, Rem B., 385 Egan, Clifford L., 704 Egly, T.W., Jr., 726 Ekberg, Carl J., 319 Ekirch, A. Roger, 575 Elias, Robert H., 17 Eller, Ernest McNeill, 455 Elliott, Emory, 784-85 Eltis, David, 205 Emery, Noemie, 576 Engstrand, Iris H.W., 843 Epstein, David F., 528 Espinosa, J. Manuel, 786 Essig, James D., 386 Estes, J. Worth, 842 Ettinger, Amos Aschbach, 112 Eusden, John D., 370 Evans, Dorinda, 869 Everest, Allan Seymour, 516 Everman, H.E., 577 Faler, Paul G., 284 Fanning, David, 444 Fender, Stephen, 787 Fenn, Elizabeth A., 18 Fennimore, Donald L., 892 Ferguson, E. James, 456 Ferguson, James, 280 Ferguson, Robert A., 678 Fieldhouse, David, 605, 606 Fiering, Norman, 387, 755 Filby, P. William, 258-59 Finch, Eugene D., 17 Fingerhut, Eugene R., 457 Finke, Hans-Joachim, 854 Finkelman, Paul, 679 Fisher, Robin, 70 Fisher, Sidney Thomson, 285 Fitzhugh, William W., 151 Fleischmann, Fritz, 788 Fliegelman, Jay, 458 Flores, Dan L., 71, 152 Flower, Milton E., 578

Foley, William E., 286 Folsom, Michael Brewster, 287 Foner, Philip S., 206 Forman, Benno M., 892 Forman, Samuel S., 19 Formisano, Ronald P., 579 Formwalt, Lee W., 67, 857 Fortune, Stephen Alexander, 288 Foster, Michael K., 153 Fowler, Marian, 237 Fowler, William M., 727 Fox-Genovese, Elizabeth, 289 Francis, Daniel, 290 Fredriksen, John C., 517 Freiberg, Malcolm, 580 Frenaye, Frances, 766 Frey, Sylvia, 728 Frost, J. William, 388 Frurip, David J., 844 Fry, Bruce W., 729 Fryer, Mary Beacock, 28, 459 Furtwangler, Albert, 529 Galenson, David W., 265 Galloway, Patricia K., 72, 154 Gardner, James B., 320 Garr, Daniel J., 110 Garrettson, Freeborn, 421 Garrison, Webb, 113 Gaspar, David Barry, 207 Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., 201 Gaustad, Edwin S., 389 Geddes, Gordon E., 390 Geggus, David Patrick, 730 Geissler, Suzanne, 756 Gélinas, Cyrille, 731 Genovese, Eugene D., 289 Gephart, Ronald M., 460 Gerhard, Peter, 20 Gethyn-Jones, Eric, 354 Gibbon, Guy E., 155 Gibson, James R., 355 Gifford, Prosser, 705 Gillett, Mary C., 845 Gilman, Carolyn, 291 Glasrad, Bruce A., 208 Glass, Anthony, 152 Godbold, Stanly, Jr., 461

Author Index 259 Godfrey, William G., 581 Goebel, Dorothy Burne, 680 Goebel, Julius, Jr., 680 Goler, Robert I., 846 Gómez-Quiñones Juan, 266 Goodwin, Everett C., 582 Gould, Christopher, 820 Grabo, Norman S., 789 Grant, John N., 439 Grant, John Webster, 156 Granzotto, Gianni, 73 Green, Karen Mauer, 821 Greenberg, Kenneth S., 583 Greene, Jack P., 21 Greene, John C., 847 Greer, Allan, 356 Grenz, Stanley, 391 Grigg, Susan, 267 Grills, Rissell A., 19 Grundfest, Jerry, 584 Guinness, Desmond, 870 Guitard, Michelle, 732 Gura, Philip, 392 Haas, Edward F., 681 Hakluyt, Richard, 74 Halchin, Jill Y., 871 Hall, David D., 22, 23, 823 Hall, Kermit L., 682 Hall, Peter Dobkin, 268 Halpenny, F.G., 24 Hambrick-Stowe, Charles E., 393 Hamelin, Jean, 24 Handlin, Lillian, 462 Handlin, Oscar, 462 Hanley, Thomas O’Brien, 463-64 Harding, Margery H., 733 Hargrove, Richard J., 465 Harrison, Richard A., 832-33 Hartog, Hendrik, 683-84 Haskins, George Lee, 685 Hast, Adele, 466 Hatchett, Marion J., 394 Hatzenbuehler, Ronald L., 518 Hauck, Richard Boyd, 75 Hayden, Michael, 25 Hayes, Edmund, 76 Heale, M.J., 585

Hecht, Allan S., 680 Hecht, Marie B., 586 Heckewelder, John, 98 Heimert, Alan, 395 Heldman, Donald P., 357, 844 Hemperley, Marion R., 734 Hemphill, John M., 292 Hench, John B., 823 Henderson, Dwight F., 686 Hendrickson, David C., 509 Henry, John Frazier, 872 Herbst, Jurgen, 834 Herget, Winfried, 396 Hess, Karen, 241 Heyrman, Christine Leigh, 321 Higginbotham, Don, 735 Higman, B.W., 209 Hill, Daniel G., 210 Hindle, Brooke, 48, 848-49 Hinojosa, Gilberto Miguel, 322 Hirsch, Alison Duncan, 243 Hirschfelder, Arlene B., 157 Historical Society of Western Pa., 873 Hobson, Charles F., 635 Hoffer, Peter Charles, 343, 587, 697, 757 Hoffman, Daniel N., 588 Hoffman, Daniel, 790 Hoffman, Ronald, 192, 467-68, 589, 706 Hofmann, Margaret M., 26 Holden, Robert J., 27 Holmes, Oliver W., 822 Hooker, Richard J., 323 Hoopes, James, 65 Horne, Field, 324 Horry, Harriott Pinckney, 323 Horsman, Reginald, 211 Horwood, Harold, 698 Hosmer, Charles B., Jr., 61 Houser, Howard R., 519 Howard, David Sanctuary, 293 Howard, Richard, 184 Howard, Ronald W., 473 Huddleston, Eugene L., 62 Hu-Deltart, Evelyn, 158 Huetter, Karen Zerbe, 854

260 Books on Early American History and Culture Hull, N.E.H., 343, 587 Hulton, Paul, 874 Humber, Charles J., 28 Hume, Diana, 875 Hume, Ivor Noël, 876 Hunter, Clark, 850 Hunter, William A., 188 Hutcheon, Wallace, Jr., 736 Hutchins, Catherine E., 892 Hyneman, Charles S., 590 Iberville, Pierre LeMoyne d', 85 Idzerda, Stanley J., 469-70 Innes, Stephen, 269 Innis, James, 372 Isaac, Rhys, 325 Ives, Vernon A., 114 Ivie, Robert L., 518 Jackson, Donald, 77 Jackson, Harvey H., 29 Jackson, John W., 471 Jacob, James, 758 Jacob, Margaret, 758 James, Janet Wilson, 238 Javorski, Mary, 78 Jefferson, Thomas, 368 Jeffrey, William, 527 Jenkins, James, 388 Jennings, Francis, 159-60 Jeremy, David J., 851 Jett, Stephen C., 161 Jobe, Brock, 877 Johansen, Bruce E., 472 Johnson, Herbert A., 685, 687 Johnson, Kenneth W., 162 Johnson, Patricia Givens, 163 Johnson, Richard R., 591 Johnston, A.J.B., 397, 737 Jonas, Manfred, 294 Jones, Dorothy V., 164 Jones, Douglas Lamar, 260 Jones, George Fenwiek, 30-32, 252 Jones, Robert Leslie, 358 Jones, Susannah H., 637 Jordan, Daniel P., 592 Jordan, David W., 621 Jordan, Terry G., 359, 878

Joyce, William L., 823 Joyner, Charles, 212 June, Margaret, 891 Kaestle, Carl F., 835 Kaiser, Leo M., 791 Kaminkow, Jack, 261-62 Kaminkow, Marion J., 261-62 Kaminski, John P., 530-32 Karlsen, Carol F., 233 Kaye, Myrna, 877 Keith, Robert G., 89 Keller, Kenneth W., 593 Keller, Rosemary Skinner, 242 Kelsay, Isabel Thompson, 165 Kelso, William M., 360 Kendrick, John, 79 Kennedy, J. Gerald, 80 Kennedy, Roger G., 879 Kent, Barry C., 166 Kent, Donald H., 97 Ketcham, Ralph, 594 Kett, Joseph F., 824 King, Andrew J., 688-89 King, Celia, 214 King, J.C.H., 167 King, John O., 398 Kiple, Kenneth F., 852 Kirsch, George B., 63 Klapthor, Margaret Brown, 880 Klayman, Richard, 881 Klein, Milton M., 473 Kline, Mary-Jo, 595 Kolodny, Annette, 239 Konefsky, Alfred S., 688-89 Korey, Marie Elena, 831 Krause, Sydney J., 792-93 Krech, Shepard, 168-69 Kriedte, Peter, 295 Kross, Jessica, 33 Kuethe, Allan J., 277 Kukla, Jon, 596 Kuklick, Bruce, 759 Kupperman, Karen Ordahl, 115 LaFrance, Marc, 719 Lamb, W. Kaye, 96 Lambert, Barbara, 904

Author Index 261 Land, Aubrey C., 34 Landsman, Ned C., 116 Lang, Daniel George, 707 Langley, Clara A., 35 Lansing, Dorothy I., 853 Lawson, Philip, 597 Leader, Jonathan M., 162 Leary, Lewis, 760 Lebsock, Suzanne, 240 Lederer, Richard M., 825 Lee, David, 296 Lee, Jean Gordon, 297 Lehmann, Karl, 761 Lemay, J.A. Leo, 794, 905 Lemieux, Denise, 344 Lender, Mark E., 474, 738 Leonard, Bill J., 399 Lesser, M.X., 400 Levernier, James A., 795 Levitt, James H., 298 Levy, Leonard W., 826 Lewis, Gordon K., 762 Lewis, Jan, 345 Lewis, Nelly Custis, 347 Liebman, Seymour B., 401 Light, John D., 270 Lippy, Charles H., 475 Lipscomb, Terry W., 598 Liss, Peggy K., 763 Litchfield Carter, 854 Littlefield, Daniel C., 213 Lloyd, Gordon, 526 Lockhart, James, 36 Lockridge, Kenneth A., 599 Loetscher, Lefferts A., 836 Lofaro, Michael A., 64 Lokken, Roy N., 37 Lomask, Milton, 600 Long, David F., 708 Longenecker, Stephen L., 827 Lovejoy, David S., 402 Lowery, Charles D., 601 Lubar, Steven D., 287 Lucas, Paul Robert, 38 Lucas, Rev. Silas Emmett, Jr., 316 Lumpkin, Henry, 476 Lurie, Maxine N., 602 Lustig, Mary Lou, 603

Lutz, Donald S., 590 Lyttle, David, 796 Maccubbin, Robert P., 882 MacDonald, M.A., 604 MacDonald, Ruth K., 346 Mack, Arthur C., 81 Mackay-Smith, Alexander, 361 Mackey, Philip English, 699 MacLeod, James Lewis, 837 MacMaster, Richard K., 403 MacPherson, Sharon, 615 Madden, Frederick, 605, 606 Magee, Joan, 477 Maier, Pauline, 478 Main, Gloria L., 326 Main, Jackson Turner, 327 Malaspina, Alejandro, 82 Malewicki, Russell, 844 Malone, Dumas, 39 Manning, James, 372 Manspeaker, Nancy, 404 Marchione, Margherita, 709 Marcus, G.J., 117 Marcus, Maeva, 690 Marietta, Jack D., 405 Marini, Stephen A., 406 Marshall, P.J., 764 Martin, Calvin, 168 Martin, Cheryl English, 362 Martin, James C., 83 Martin, James Kirby, 474, 738 Martin, Patrick Edward, 363 Martin, Peter, 882 Martin, Robert Sidney, 83 Martin, Thomas S., 479 Martin, Wendy, 797 Mason, Thomas A., 607, 636-37 Masse, W. Bruce, 190 Masterson, William H., 710 Mathewson, R. Duncan, 134 Matthews, Richard K., 608 Mayo, Bernard, 609 Mays, David John, 610 McAlister, Lyle N., 118 McBurney, Margaret, 861 McCall, Edith, 84 McCarty, Kieran,, 119

262 Books on Early American History and Culture McClave, Elizabeth W., 883 McClave, Rowland, 883 McClung, Patricia A., 824 McCormick, Richard P., 40, 611 McCullough, A.B., 299 McCusker, John J., 300 McDonald, Forrest, 533 McElrath, Joseph R., Jr., 798 McLoughlin, William G., 170 McNeill, John Robert, 120 McWilliams, Richebourg Gaillard, 85 Meighan, Clement W., 9 Menard, Russell R., 300 Meyer, Michael C., 328 Meyers, Marvin, 612 Middlekauff, Robert, 480 Middleton, Arthur Pierce, 135 Mika, Helma, 41 Mika, Nick, 41 Miller, Helen Hill, 121 Miller, Janice Borton, 613 Miller, Lillian B., 48, 884 Miller, Perry, 65, 765 Miller, Randall M., 481 Minchinton, Walter, 214 Mithun, Marianne, 153 Monaghan, E. Jennifer, 828 Montgomery, Michael S., 407 Moody, Barry, 373 Moore, Christopher, 329, 482 Moore, John M., 408 Morantz, Toby, 290 Morgan, David T., 614 Morgan, Richard Parker, 820 Morris, Richard Brandon, 534 Morrison, Howard Alexander, 880 Morrison, Kenneth M., 171 Moser, Harold D., 615 Moss, Bobby Gilmer, 483 Moss, Richard J., 829 Mosser, Christine, 616 Moulton, Gary E., 86 Mugridge, Ian, 711 Muise, D.A., 42 Mulholland, James A., 301 Mundigo, Axel I., 110 Murat, Ines, 766

Murrin, John M., 22, 639 Myers, Minor, Jr. 617 Nadelhaft, Jerome J., 484 Nagel, James, 799 Nagel, Paul C., 618 Nasatir, A.P., 147 Nash, Gary B., 337 Neitzel, Robert S., 172 Nelson, Larry L., 520 Nelson, Malcolm A., 875 Nelson, Paul David, 739 Nelson, William E., 330 Neuman, Robert W., 173, 885 Newman, Peter C., 302 Newman, Richard, 215 Newmyer, R. Kent, 619 Niza, Marcos de, 90 Noble, Allen G., 886 Nobles, Gregory H., 620 Nordham, George Washington, 303 Nordholt, Jan Willem Schulte, 485 Nostrand, Richard L., 809 Nuxoll, Elizabeth M., 280 O’Donnell, James Howlett, 217 O’Mara, James, 87 Oakes, James, 216 Ogburn, Floyd, Jr., 800 Olexer, Barbara, 174 Oliver, Andrew, 409 Onuf, Peter S., 535 Owsley, Frank Lawrence, 521 Oxner, Sandra, 696 Pace, Antonio, 68 Pacheco, Josephine F., 536 Palmer, Colin, 218 Palmer, Gregory, 486-87 Panagopoulos, E.P. 537 Pancake, John S., 488 Papenfuse, Edward C., 88, 621 Parker, Patricia L., 801 Parkman, Francis, 43 Parks, Betty L., 383 Parry, John H., 89 Paskoff, Paul F., 304 Patrick, James, 887

Author Index 263 Payzant, John, 382 Peabody, James Bishop, 409 Peach, Bernard, 665 Peacock, Mary Reynolds, 866 Pencak, William, 489, 767 Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 888 Penrose, Maryly B., 305, 490 Pentland, H. Clare, 271 Perry, James R., 690 Peters, Marie, 622 Peterson, Jacqueline, 175 Peterson, Merrill D., 768 Pethick, Derek, 176 Pettit, Norman, 410 Philip, Cynthia Owen, 855 Phillips, Joseph W., 411 Phillips, Paul, 271 Pilcher, Edith, 769 Poesch, Jessie, 889 Poirier, Michel, 44 Pole, J.R., 21, 623 Posada, Alonso de, 94 Potter, Janice, 491 Potts, Louis W., 492 Powell, William S., 624 Power, M. Susan, 412 Prest, Wilfred, 691 Pries, Nancy, 776 Proctor-Smith, Marjorie, 413 Proulx, Gilles, 136 Puckrein, Gary A., 625 Quinn, Alison M., 122 Quinn, David Beers, 45, 122-24, 137 Radzinowicz, Mary Ann, 802 Rakove, Jack N., 626 Randall, Willard Sterne, 627 Randolph, Mary, 241 Rawley, James A., 219 Rawlyk, George A., 414, 415 Rea, Robert R., 447 Ready, Milton, 314 Reardon, John J., 628 Reed, Marcia, 776 Reese, George, 629-30, 692

Reeves, Carolyn Keller, 177 Reich, Jerome R., 46 Reid, John G., 47 Reid, John Phillip, 493-94 Reid, S.W., 792-93 Reinhardt, Steven G., 125 Reinhart, Theodore R., 331 Reinhold, Meyer, 770 Reitz, Elizabeth J., 364 Reuter, Frank T., 712 Reynolds, David S., 803 Rice, C. David, 286 Rice, Kym S., 332 Rich, Sir Nathaniel, 114 Richardson, Edgar P., 48 Richardson, Edward W., 495 Riley, Carroll L., 178 Riley, Sandra, 49 Risch, Erna, 496 Risjord, Norman K., 50 Ritz, Wilfred J., 693 Robb, Allan P., 798 Robertson, James, 473 Robinson, William H., 804-806 Robson, David W., 838 Rodack, Madeleine Turrell, 90 Roeber, A.G., 694 Rogers, George C., Jr., 631 Rogers, James A., 416 Rohrbach, Peter T., 822 Rompkey, Ronald, 632 Ronda, James P., 179 Rosenstiel, Annette, 180 Rosenthal, Bernard, 807 Rosenwaike, Ira, 253 Royle, Edward, 633 Royster, Charles, 497 Ruether, Rosemary Radford, 242 Rumilly, Robert, 51 Rutland, Robert A., 607, 634-37 Rutman, Anita H., 333-34 Rutman, Darrett B., 333-34 Ryan, A.N., 137 Sadler, Julius Trousdale, 870 Saladino, Gaspare J., 530-32 Salisbury, Neal, 181 Sands, John O., 498

264 Books on Early American History and Culture Sanford, Charles B., 417 Saunders, Gail, 220 Savelle, Don, 31 Scarry, C. Margaret, 364 Schechter, Stephen L., 538 Schmit, Patricia Brady, 347 Scholten, Catherine M., 348 Schutz, John A., 126 Schwartz, Stuart B., 36 Schwind, Arlene Palmer, 892 Scott, Elizabeth M., 335 Scott, Jack, 771 Scott, Kenneth, 263 Scott, William B., 697 Scribner, Robert L., 499, 507 Searcy, Martha Condray, 500 Seavoy, Ronald E., 306 Seineke, Kathrine Wagner, 501 Selement, George, 418 Selkirk, Thomas Douglas, fifth earl of, 107 Sellick, Lester B., 133 Senior, Hereward, 443 Servies, James A., 740 Shackelford, George Green, 638 Shaw, Peter, 502 Shaw, Richard, 419 Shea, William L., 741 Sheridan, Eugene R., 639-40 Sheridan, Richard B., 856 Shirley, John W., 91 Shomette, Donald G., 742 Showman, Richard K., 503 Shpotov, B.M., 272 Shreve, L.G., 504 Shuffelton, Frank, 641 Shumate, T. Daniel, 539 Silverman, Kenneth, 420 Simmons, R.C., 642 Simpson, Alan, 92 Simpson, Robert Drew, 421 Singleton, Theresa A., 221 Sisson, Jeanne K., 607, 637 Skaggs, David Curtis, 808 Skeen, C. Edward, 643 Sluiter, Engel, 127 Smith, Alan M., 208 Smith, Barbara Clark, 336

Smith, Dwight L., 522 Smith, Edith Sternberg, 680 Smith, Joseph Burkholder, 644 Smith, Joseph H., 680 Smith, Julia Floyd, 222 Smith, Paul H., 645-50 Smith, Philip Chadwick Foster, 138, 890 Smith, Samuel Stelle, 651 Soderlund, Jean R., 128, 422 Sogrin, V.V., 505 Sommer, Frank H., 892 Sosin, J.M., 652-54 Spalding, Phinizy, 29, 129 Spater, George, 655 Spear, Judy, 891 Spencer, Virginia E., 161 Speth, Linda E., 243 Spurlin, Paul Merrill, 772 Stagg, J.C.A., 523 Stanford, Ann, 780 Stanley, George F.G., 524 Starling, Marion Wilson, 223 Steffen, Charles G., 273 Stegeman, Janet A., 244 Stegeman, John F., 244 Stein, Robert Louis, 656 Stevens, Michael E., 657-59 Stewart, Gordon T., 423 Stewart, Walter, 506 Stick, David, 130 Stilgoe, John R., 365 Stinchcombe, William, 713 Stites, Francis N., 695 Stiverson, Gregory, 621 Stoddard, Ellwyn R., 809 Stoddard, Roger E., 810 Storing, Herbert J., 540-41 Storms, Samuel, 424 Story, G.M., 131 Stotz, Charles Morse, 743 Stuart, Reginald C., 744 Sugden, John, 182 Surratt, Jerry L., 425 Swan, Susan Burrows, 892 Swank, Scott T., 892 Swanstrom, Roy, 660 Swanton, John R., 93

Author Index 265 Sweet, David G., 337 Sweig, Donald M., 661 Sword, Wiley, 183 Szylinger, Irene, 897 Taft, Barbara, 662 Tarter, Brent, 499, 507 Tate, Thad W., 22, 224, 468 Taylor, Edward, 383 Taylor, Robert J., 663-64 Teute, Fredrika J., 637 Thiessen, Thomas D., 309 Thomas, Alfred Barnaby, 94 Thomas, Betty J., 680 Thomas, D.O., 665 Thomas, Earle, 508 Thomas, P.D.G., 642 Thrower, Norman J.W., 95 Todorov, Tzvetan, 184 Tompkins, Jane, 811 Tottenham, John L., 97 Trabue, Daniel, 102 Treadway, Sandra Gioia, 666 Trigger, Brace G., 185 Trumble, Jonathan, 339 Tucher, Andrea J., 366 Tucker, Robert W., 509 Turnbaugh, Sarah Peabody, 893 Turner, Larry, 510 Turner, Lynn Warren, 52 Turner, Mary, 225 Twohig, Dorothy, 543-44, 667 Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher, 245 Ultan, Lloyd, 894 Unglik, Henry, 270 Upham, Steadman, 338 Vachon, André, 53 Van Der Beets, Richard, 812 Van der Zee, John, 274 Van Dusen, Albert E., 339 Van Horne, John C., 67, 226, 857, 862 Van Kirk, Sylvia, 246 Vancouver, George, 96 Varg, Paul A., 714 Varner, Jeanette Johnson, 132

Varner, John Grier, 132 Vaughan, Alden T., 186-87 Vidrine, Jacqueline Olivier, 349-50 Vinovskis, Maris A., 351 Von Frank, Albert J., 813 Waddell, Louis M., 97 Wagner, Hans-Peter, 426 Waite, Peter, 214, 696 Walker, Alexander, 70 Walker, Cheryl, 247 Walker, Paul K., 511 Wallace, Anthony F.C., 858 Wallace, Paul A.W., 98, 188 Walroth, Joanne R., 602 Walvin, James, 204, 205, 227-28, 633 Ward, Albert E., 895 Ware, John D., 99 Watson, David Lowes, 427 Watson, Harry L., 54 Watson, Ritchie Devon, Jr., 814 Watters, David H., 896 Webb, Stephen Saunders, 55 Webster, Donald Blake, 897 Weddle, Robert S., 100 Weir, Robert M., 56 Weiser, Frederick S., 892 Weisman, Richard, 428 Weiss, Klaus, 429 Wells, Robert V., 294, 352 West, Jonathan P., 809 Westphall, Victor, 254 Wetmore, Donald, 133 Wharton, Leslie, 668 Whiffen, Marcus, 898 White, David Hart, 669 White, Deborah Gray, 248 White, Richard, 189 Whitfield, Carol M., 745 Wick, Wendy C., 899 Wiebe, Robert H., 57 Wilcox, David R., 190 Wilcoxen, Charlotte, 255 Wilentz, Sean, 275 Willcox, William B., 670-72 Williams, David R., 512 Williams, Glyndwr, 764

266 Books on Early American History and Culture Williams, Selma R., 430 Williams, William Henry, 431 Wills, Garry, 542, 773 Wilmes, Douglas R., 795 Wilson, Bruce G., 307 Wilson, Bruce, 58 Wilson, Clyde N., 66 Wilson, Renate, 30 Wilson, Robert C., 162 Wilson, Robert J., 432 Winans, Robert B., 830 Windley, Lathan A., 229 Witherspoon, John, 771 Withey, Lynne, 249, 308 Wohler, J. Patrick, 525 Wolf, Edwin, 831 Wood, Betty, 230 Wood, Karen G., 900 Wood, Peter H., 18 Wood, Virginia Steele, 139 Wood, W. Raymond, 309 Woody, Robert H., 461 Woolverton, John Frederick, 433 Wright, J. Leitch, 191 Wright, Robert K., Jr., 513 Yazawa, Melvin, 514 York, Neil Longley, 859 Youings, Joyce, 101 Young, Chester Raymond, 102 Young, Stephen G., 854 Zall, P.M., 794 Zimmerman, William B., 883 Zubly, John J., 481 Zuckerman, Michael, 340

Subject Index

Reference numbers indicate bibliography entry numbers. Abaco, 49 Abell, Arunah S., 815 Abenaki Indians, 171, 181 abolition, 206, 227-28, 284, 371, 656 Acadia, 12, 14, 44, 47, 604 accounting, 278, 291 Acoma Indians, 338 Adair County, Ky., 102 Adams County, Miss., 172 Adams family, 618 Adams, Abigail, 249 Adams, John Quincy, 532, 548, 594 Adams, John, 17, 39, 485, 594, 618, 663-64, 668, 711, 713 Adams, Samuel, 434, 478, 505, 532 Adams-Onis Treaty, 702 Adirondack Mountains, 769 Adobe Indians, 365 Adolphustown, Canada, 510 advertisements, 229, 821 Africa, 46, 108, 191, 198, 200, 205, 208, 212-13, 217, 289, 319, 852, 856 agriculture, 4, 30, 31, 34, 39, 54, 103, 107, 116, 158, 191, 221-22, 260, 272, 295, 300, 310-12, 31920, 324, 327, 331, 334, 336, 338, 353-66, 449, 459, 552, 601, 608, 615, 620, 630, 655, 878, 900

Alabama, 3 Albany County, N.Y., 312 Albany, N.Y., 255, 459 Alberta, 175 Alcuin, 788, 807 Alexander, Archibald, 836 Algonquin Indians, 115, 181, 185 All Saints Parish, S.C., 212 allegories, 803 Allen family, 341 Alline, Henry, 373, 414-15, 423 Alta California, 20 Amadas, Philip, 111, 124 American Friends Service Committee, 408 American Philosophical Society, 77, 366 American Regiment, 508 American Revolution, 2, 5, 10, 11, 13, 22, 27, 29, 33, 40, 44, 52, 54, 58, 81, 102, 165, 192, 208, 224, 232, 242, 244, 249, 250-51, 257, 273-74, 294, 301, 307, 308, 311, 315, 325, 330, 336, 351, 369, 386, 394, 402, 416, 421, 434-514, 547, 551, 560, 574-75, 587, 589, 599, 620, 623, 626-28, 633, 642, 645-50, 663, 670, 683, 694, 696, 700, 703, 705, 706, 709, 718, 728, 734-35, 738, 744, 756-58, 763, 785, 838, 845, 881, 884

268 Books on Early American History and Culture Ames, Fisher, 550 Amsterdam, 485 Anderson, Hugh, 802 Andover, Mass., 269, 411 Andros, Sir Edmund, 55 Anglicanism, 116, 374-75, 394, 409, 427, 433, 477, 508, 570 Anglo-Saxons, 211,340 animals, 70, 93, 152, 168, 310, 335, 358, 361, 613, Annapolis Convention, 566 Ansley, Thomas, 451 anthropology, 168, 847 Antifederalists, 406, 526, 531, 54041, 551 Antigua, 207 Antilles, 281 Apache Indians, 190 Appalachian Mountains, 97 apprenticeship, 273, 307, 866 archaeology, 48, 59, 61, 90, 134, 146, 153, 163, 167, 172-73, 178, 221, 331, 335, 357, 360, 363-64, 729, 809, 847, 868, 876, 885, 895, 900 architecture, 126, 161, 221, 255, 329, 331, 360, 729, 861, 867, 870-71, 876, 878-79, 886-87, 889, 891, 898 Aristotle, 755 Arizona, 119, 161 Arkansas, 673 Arkansas River, 77 Arminianism, 424, 432 Armstrong, John, Jr., 643 Arndt, Johann, 819 Arnold, Benedict, 446, 650 arts, visual, 4, 23, 28, 48, 126, 146, 157, 266, 452, 458, 831, 848, 860-900 Arthur Mervyn, 789, 807 artisans, 275, 327, 758, 900 arts, performing, 12, 458, 465, 901905 Asbury, Francis, 421, 431 Asiento, 218 Askin, John, 357 Associated Loyalists, 510

Astonia expedition, 77 astronomy, 847 Athapaska Indians, 169, 190 Atlantic Ocean, 21, 42, 100, 131, 200, 205, 219, 281, 285, 300, 705, 763 Atrevida, 82 Audobon, John James, 889 Augusta, Georgia, 445 Australia, 868 authoritarianism, 505 Autobiography (Jefferson), 768 autobiography, 396 Avant family, 341 A very Island site, 173 Aztecs, 184 Backus, Isaac, 391 Bacon, Francis, 858 Bacon, Nathaniel, 50 Bacon's Rebellion, 55 Bagot, Charles, 710 Bahama Islands, 49, 220 Bainbridge, William S., 716 Balknap, Jeremy, 66 ballads, 786 Baltimore, Md., 273, 808 Baltimore, Lord, 45, 380 Bancroft, George, 66 Bandelier, Adolph F., 90 banks, 306 Banks, Sir Joseph, 96, 167 Baptists, 325, 372, 391-92, 406, 415, 416 Barbados, 625, 651 Barbary states, 556, 568, 708 Barber, John W., 66 Barbour, James, 601 Barlow, Joel, 713, 785, 787 Barlowe, Arthur, 111, 122, 124 Barry, John, 716 Bartram, John, 97, 840 baskets, 865 bathing, 7 Bayou Goula site, 173 Beaver Valley, 873 Beissel, Conrad, 369 Belcher site, 173

Subject Index 269 Belknap, Jeremy, 63 Bell, Tom, 7 Belleville, Ontario, 459 Beluche, Renato, 723 benefit societies, 273 Benton, Thomas Hart, 615 Berkeley Company, 354 Berkeley Hundred, 354 Bermuda, 114 Bethlehem, N.Y., 312 Bethlehem, Penn., 854 Beverley, Massachusetts, 260 Bibb, Henry, 223 Bible, 368, 373, 416, 424, 674, 783, 867 Biddle, James, 708 Big Oak Island site, 173 biology, 71 birds, 850 birth control, 352 Bison site, 173 Black River, 769 Black, William, 414 Blackbeard, 50 blacksmithing, 270, 519 Bloomfield, Joseph, 474 Blount, John Gray, 614 Boit, John, 76 Boltzius, Johann Martin, 30, 32, 252 Bonapartists, 766 books, 824, 830-31, 892 Boston, Mass., 63, 192, 310, 377, 409, 434, 446, 493, 670, 689, 881, 891 Boston Museum of Fine Arts, 891 botany, 452, 840, 847, 853 Bouquet, Henry, 97 Bowdoin, James, 434 Brackenridge, Hugh Henry, 785 Bradford, William, 399, 787, 800, 802 Bradstreet, Anne, 247, 774-75, 780, 797-98 Bradstreet, John, 581 Brainerd, David, 410 Brandywine, battle of, 474, 645 Brant, Joseph, 165

Brattle Street Church, 434 Braxton, Carter, 453 Bray, Thomas, 226 Brazil, 36, 196 Brief Discourse, 109 Bristol, 265 British Museum, 167 Bronx Historical Society, 894 Bronx, N.Y., 894 Brooklyn, N.Y., 263 Brouillet, Michel, 27 Brown, Charles Brockden, 778, 785, 788-89, 792-93, 807, 811 Brown, Henry Box, 223 Brown, Mather, 869 Brown, William Wells, 223 Browne, Abraham, 138 Bryan, George, 532 Buffon, Georges, comte de, 772 Burgesses, House of, 292, 596 Burgoyne, John, 465 burial, 317, 397, 875 Burke County, S.C., 316 Burr, Aaron, 81, 233, 595, 600, 615, 756, Burr, Aaron, Sr., 233, 756 Burr, Esther Edwards, 233, 756 Burrington, George, 562, 575 business, see economics Byfield, Nathaniel, 675 Byrd, William II, 802 Cabell, James Branch, 814 California, 9, 20, 126 Calvert, George, 109 Calvinism, 381, 406, 411, 415, 754, 803, 837 Cambridge, Mass., 378 Campbell, Alexander, 399 Campbell, Archibald, 445 Campbell, Arthur, 2 Campbell, John, 764 Canada, 24, 41, 42, 53, 78, 97, 131, 156, 160, 174, 185, 210, 237, 246, 257-59, 270-71, 281, 290, 299, 300, 307, 309, 356, 397, 415, 421, 423, 436, 438-39, 443, 459, 477, 482, 508, 510, 523-25,

270 Books on Early American History and Culture 569-70, 581, 604, 616, 632, 670, 677, 696, 698, 719, 724-26, 729, 731-32, 737, 745, 769, 809, 840, 861, 868, 871, 897, 903 Canada Company, 41 canals, 882 Canning, Stratford, 710 Cape Breton, 397 Cape Cod, Mass., 875 capital punishment, 699 capitalism, 6, 266, 271, 289, 295, 698, 747, 835 captivity narrative, 187, 812 Carey, Mathew, 818 Caribbean Sea, 45, 74, 106, 108, 132, 151, 192, 199, 204, 207, 209, 277, 525, 651, 723, 730, 762, 852, 868 caricatures, 864 Carlisle Peace Commission, 647, 649 Carroll, Charles, 463-64, 478 Carroll, John, 399 Cartesianism, 755 cartography, 14, 20, 27, 45, 71, 76, 78, 83, 86, 88, 95, 99, 138, 291, 452 cartoons, 864 Cartwright, Peter, 399 Caruthers, William Alexander, 814 carving, 864, 896 Castiglioni, Luigi, 68 Castile, 691 Castilla del Gro, 132 Catron, Thomas B., 254 Causton, Thomas, 314 Cavaliers, 814 Cazenovia, N.Y., 19 cemeteries, 875, 895 Cemochechobee site, 162 Ceramics, 865, 893 Champlain Valley, 516 Charming, William Ellery, 783, 796 Charles II, 653 Charleston, S.C., 282, 300, 416, 598, 658 Charlestown, Mass., 893 Chartism, 227, 633

Chateauguay, battle of, 525, 732 Chauncy, Charles, 475, 665 checks and balances, 537 chemistry, 844, 847 Cherokee Indians, 170, 629, 885 Chesapeake Bay, 45, 123, 135, 151, 192, 300, 455, 742 Chester Creek, Pa., 279 Chesterfield, earl of, 346 Chickasaw Indians, 154 Chihuahua, 178 childbearing, 348 childrearing, 319 children, 46, 329, 415, 458 Chile, 132 China, 76, 293, 297, 708, 863, 890 Chipman, Ward, 257 Chippewa Indians, 140 Choctaw Indians, 154, 177, 189 Choice of Hercules, The, 860 Chouteau family, 286 Chouteau, Auguste, 286 Chouteau, Pierre, 286 Chowan River, 123 Christographia, 429 Churchill, John, 764 Cíbola, 90 Cicero, 39 Cincinnati, Society of the, 617 civil law, 673, 677, 680-81, 687 Civil War, English, 137, 758 Civil War, U.S., 6, 83, 240, 264, 268, 351, 389, 567, 678, 752, 835 Clara Howard, 788, 807 Clark, Abraham, 441 Clark, George Rogers, 27, 102, 501,733 Clark, John, 675 Clark, William, 193 class, 6, 21, 34, 200, 337, 835 classicism, 867 Clay, Henry, 287 Clinton, George, 532 clock making, 873 clothing, 221, 291 Clymer, George, 584 Coahuila, 20 coal, 858

Subject Index 271 Cobbett, William, 655 cod, 23 coins, 299 Colbert, Jean Baptiste, 106 Colden, Cadwallader, 457 colleges, 834, 838 Collinson, Peter, 840 colonization, 2, 15, 18, 20, 46, 47, 101, 103-33 Colorado, 178, 254, 786 Columbia River, 86 Columbia, S.C., 658 Columbus, Christopher, 73 Comanche Indians, 152 commissariat, 433, 496 Committee of Safety, 670 common law, 675, 687, 691, 826 Common Prayer, Book of, 394 common schools, 835 Commons, House of, 597 communication, 12, 815-31 communitarianism, 425 Compromise of 1850, 206 Concord Township, Pa., 11 Condorcet, Marquis de, 772 Confederation, Articles of, 437, 460, 646, 649-50, Congregationalism, 381, 411, 714, 759 Congress, Continental, 453, 480, 496, 513, 580, 626, 628, 639, 645-50, 663, 676, 718 Congress, Provincial, 564 Congress, Provincial, 580 Congress, U.S., 492, 499, 507, 511, 518, 550-51, 568, 584, 592, 607, 635-36, 639, 658, 670 Connecticut River, 52 Connecticut, 232, 243, 268, 327, 343, 394, 573, 582, 749 Constitution, England, 494, 605, 606 Constitution, U.S., 6, 40, 57, 412, 460, 480, 492, 494, 526-42, 584, 588-89, 658, 660, 682, 695, 752, 838 Constitutional Convention, 412, 533, 611

Constitutionalist Party, 589 constitutions, 21, 54, 659 consumption, 326, 335, 364 Continental Army, 446, 467, 495, 513, 649, 718, 738 Continental Association, 499 conversion narratives, 378 conversion, religious, 390, 393, 398 Conyngham, Gustavus, 448 Cook, James, 96, 167 Cooke, John Esten, 814 cooking, 241, 310, 323, 347 Cooper, James Fenimore, 787, 811 Cooper, Mary, 324 Cooper, Samuel, 434 Copley, John Singleton, 881 copper, 301 Cornwallis, Lord, 469, 498 corporations, 684 corveé, 719 cotton, 222, 625, 851 cotton gin, 244 Cotton, John, 346, 399 courts, 263, 329-30, 562, 582, 659, 675, 685, 687, 693 Covenant Chain, 159-60 Coxe, Tench, 532 Cradock, Thomas, 808 crafts work, 275, 283, 877 Crawford family, 341 Cree Indians, 169 Creek Indians, 521, 615 Creek War, 521 Creoles, 277-78, 317 Crèvecoeur, Hector St. John de, 787 crime, 262, 343, 397, 697-99, 745 criminal law, 674-75, 680, 686, 696-99 Crockett, Davy, 64, 75 Crooks site, 173 Crum Creek, Pa., 279 Cuba, 277 Cumberland Island, Ga., 195 Cupid's Cove, Newfoundland, 131 currency, 278, 292, 299, 303, 437, 629, 649-50, 657-58, 670 Cushman, Robert, 787

272 Books on Early American History and Culture Custis account, 71 Customs Service (England), 138 customs, 666, 687 Dakota Indians, 140 Dalrymple, Alexander, 96 dancing, 904 Darby Creek, Pa., 279 Darby, William, 80 Dare, Virginia, 777 Dartmouth College, 834 D'Aulnay, Charles de Menou, 604 Davis, John, 121 De Bry, Theodor, 874 Deane, Silas, 492, 646, 649, 672 Death of General Wolfe, The, 860 Death of Socrates, 860 death, 272, 280, 311, 324, 390, 397, 417, 437, 658, 665, 688, 694, 798, Decatur, Stephen, 716 Declaration of Independence, 442, 453, 472, 584, 670 Declaration of Rights, 758 declension, 396 Dedham, Mass., 269 Deerfield, Mass., 310 deism, 368, 417 Delaware County, Pa., 279 Delaware Indians, 10, 208 Delaware River, 7, 55, 67, 408, 878 Delaware, 16, 336, 431, 857 Delmarva Peninsula, 431 demographics, 218, 230, 300, 362, 431, 809, 856 Denmark, 205 Departure of Regulus, The, 860 DeSalaberry, Charles, 525 Descartes, Rene, 755 Descubierta (ship), 82 DeSoto Expedition Comm., 93 DeSoto, Hernando, 3, 93 determinism, 387 Detroit, Mich., 182 Dewey, John, 759 diacritics, 828 diaries, 776, 779, 872, 884 Dickinson, Charles Henry, 615

Dickinson, Emily, 797 Dickinson, John, 412, 578, 774 Diderot, Denis, 772 diet, 23, 191, 221-22, 278, 295, 310, 335, 715, 852, 856 Digges, Thomas Attwood, 17 diplomacy, 8, 51, 129, 141, 159, 164, 435, 454, 485, 490, 492, 523, 554, 556, 633, 637, 646, 648, 664, 670-72, 700-714, 772 Discourse and Discovery, 109 Discourses Covering Government, 662 discovery, 184 disease, 324, 347, 352, 852, 856 disestablishment, 375 Disney films, 64 dissent, religious, 374-75 Divine Right, 623 divorce, 30 Dobbs, Arthur, 575 dogs, 132 Dominica, 525 Douglas, David, 802 Douglass, Frederick, 215, 223, 815 Drake, Sir Francis, 9, 95, 121 drama, 458, 465, 786 Draper, Lyman C., 66 drinking, 310, 332, 431 Dublin, Ireland, 378 Dubois, John, 419 Dufferin, Lady, 237 Dunkards, 163 Dunmore, John Murray, earl of, 466 Dwight, Timothy, 399, 785 earthware, 892-93 East Florida, 49, 613 East Jersey, 40, 602 eating, 310, 332, 335 ecclesiology, 427 ecology, 353 economics and business, 5, 7, 1113, 16, 21, 30, 32, 33, 36, 38, 41, 44, 46, 52, 53, 56, 79, 87, 103, 104, 106, 107, 118, 120, 140, 155, 164-65, 169, 177-79, 181,

Subject Index 273 185, 189, 197, 199, 202, 206, 207, 212, 216, 218, 220, 222, 229-32, 236, 238, 249, 255, 260, 264-65, 269, 272, 276-309, 313, 315, 322, 326-27, 329-30, 33233, 338, 348, 350, 356, 358, 367, 397, 403, 409, 422, 425, 431, 435, 437, 460, 467-68, 470, 484, 489, 497, 517, 543-45, 551, 553, 558, 572, 575, 577, 581, 591, 595, 598, 602, 608, 614, 619, 633, 635, 651, 653, 659, 665, 668, 681, 684, 686, 698, 714, 730, 733, 769, 809, 821-22, 854, 869, 879, 881 Edgar Huntly, 789, 793 education, 12, 25, 37, 39, 54, 177, 226, 236, 249-50, 284, 312-13, 329, 346, 348, 367, 416, 418, 492, 514, 537, 548-49, 558, 628, 678, 688, 756, 773, 832-38, 842 Edwards, Jonathan, 233, 384-85, 387, 398-400, 404, 410, 424, 756, 759, 765, 796, 802 Edwards, Jonathan, Jr., 411 Edwards, Sarah Pierrepont, 756 elections, 573-74, 585, 611 elites, 264, 268, 321, 323, 325, 345, 660, 694, 738 Elizabeth I, 91, 101 Elliott, Matthew, 182 Ellsworth, Oliver, 532 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 385, 399, 796 Enfield Riot, 575 engineering, 452, 511, 719 Engineers, Corps of, 511 England, 29, 41, 42, 257, 261, 26465, 274, 288, 292, 300, 315, 335, 337, 343, 346, 354, 357, 361, 367, 378, 380, 387, 397, 426, 430, 434-35, 446-48, 452, 455, 458-59, 466-67, 477, 483, 48892, 500, 502, 505, 509, 515, 521, 523-24, 545-47, 559, 568, 587, 606, 607, 615, 622-23, 628, 631, 633, 637, 640, 642, 648, 652-54, 662, 665, 670, 674, 687, 691,

693-94, 696, 701, 703-705, 710, 712, 717, 719, 728, 730-31, 736, 738, 740, 743, 745, 758, 763, 814, 834, 844, 851, 856, 858, 860, 868-69, 881-82, 886, 891 England, Church of, 340, 374-75, 394, 409, 427, 433, 477, 508, 570 engraving, 291, 452, 864 Enlightenment, 385, 432, 699, 744, 753, 764, 772-73, 836, 843 enthusiasm, religious, 402 environment, 5, 134, 189, 809 Ephrata Commune, 369 epitaphs, 875 Epps, Garrett, 814 Ericson, Lief, 69 Erskine agreement, 637 Erskine, David, 710 eschatology, 896 Espinosa, Aurelio Macedonio, 786 Essex County, Mass., 245, 310 Establishment Clause, 539 ethics, 339, 385, 387, 417 ethnicity, 1, 21, 33, 55, 144, 161, 213, 250-55, 271, 317, 320, 506, 892, 895 ethnography, 167 ethnohistory, 142, 169, 179 evangelicals, 1, 5, 192, 284, 325, 345, 371, 386, 411, 415 Everard, Richard, 562 evil, problem of, 783 excise taxes, 555 Exeter, England, 101 exploration, 4, 53, 176, 179, 843 Fairbanks, Charles H., 162 Fairfax, Bryan, 661 Falaise, Normandy, 677 Falkland, 109 Falling Creek Furnace, 301 families, 13, 14, 21, 30, 39, 46, 116, 192, 222, 230, 236, 243, 281, 307, 316, 319, 320-21, 324, 333-34, 339, 341-52, 365, 367, 420, 458, 514, 625, 653, 798, 861 Familism, 758

274 Books on Early American History and Culture Fanning, David, 444 farming, see agriculture Fatherland Site, 172 Fauquier, Francis, 629-30 Federal Street Church, 63 federalism, 472, 526, 535, 589, 675 Federalist No. 10, 529 Federalist Papers, The, 528-29, 542 Federalists, 531, 550, 584, 593, 607, 695, 714, 747, 749 feminism, 788, 807 Fenno-Scandia, 878 Fenton, William N., 153 Fernandes, Simon, 124 fertility, 351 feudalism, 216, 295, 505 finance, 280, 300, 503 Finance, Office of, 456 Finney, Charles G., 399 firearms, 841 First Amendment, 539, 826 First New York Regiment, 726 fish and fishing, 23, 44, 120, 131, 329, 335, 397 Fish, Mary, 232 Fisher, Mel, 134 Fitzgeffrey, Charles, 95 flags, 495 Florida, 31, 49, 127, 132, 148, 151, 162, 278, 317, 364, 500, 521, 613, 644, 669, 701, 740, Folch, Vicente, 669 Folklore, 1 9 1 , 7 8 6 food, 278, 310, 317, 324, 332, 335, 347, 364 Forbes, Robert Bennet, 863 Force, Peter, 66 Fort Chambly, 731 Fort Meigs, 520 Fort Michilimackinac, 335, 871 Fort Niagara, 724-25 Fort St. Joseph, 27 Fort Ticonderoga, 551 Fort Walton Temple Mound, 162 Fort Wayne, Treaty of, 150 fortifications, 719, 729, 743 Foster, Augustus, 710

Fouquet, Nicolas, 106 Framers, 660 France, 41-43, 72, 83, 94, 97, 106, 120, 136, 141, 144-45, 147, 154, 160, 163, 171, 174-75, 185, 217, 219, 242, 264, 277, 319, 335, 349-50, 377, 411, 419, 470, 496, 501, 525, 543, 545, 554, 568, 607, 632, 643, 648, 654, 656, 664, 670-73, 677, 681, 691, 700, 701, 703, 704, 706, 709, 712-13, 717, 719, 725, 731, 736, 742-43, 766, 769, 772, 776, 838, 844, 871, 886, 903 Franciscans, 119 Franklin, Benjamin, 17, 37, 472, 492, 561, 565, 627, 635, 665, 670-72, 703, 751, 763, 774, 787, 794, 802 Franklin, William, 627 Fraunces, Samuel, 332 free will, 417, 424 Freeman account, 71 Freewill Baptists, 406 French and Indian War, 136, 233, 545, 622, 715, 735, 743, 838, French Farm Lake, 357 French Revolution, 277, 411, 419, 554, 656, 705, 772, 838 Frenchman's Map, 92 Freneau, Philip, 636, 785, 787 Friends, Society of, see Quakerism frontier, 10, 27, 80, 107, 119, 151, 237, 239, 314, 399, 501, 558, 667, 698, 733, 743, 813, 841, 878 Fry, Joshua, 77 Fulton, Robert, 736, 848, 855 fur trade, 4, 41, 70, 76, 79, 147, 168-69, 175, 246, 270, 290-91, 296, 307, 309, 841, 871 Furman, Richard, 399, 416 furniture, 863, 865, 873, 877, 89192, 897 Gadsden, Christopher, 461 Gagahan site, 173 Gaine, Hugh, 815 Galiano, Dionisio Alcalá, 79

Subject Index 275 Gálvez, José de, 119 Garden, Alexander, 433 gardening, 310, 360, 882 Gardiner, John, 900 Garrard, James, 577 Garrettson, Freeborn, 421 Gaspé, 296 Gauld, George, 99 Gay, Ebenezer, 432 General Committee, 564 Genet, Edmond Charles, 607 gentry, 5, 57 geography, 12, 28, 67-102, 144, 163, 178, 333, 613, 847 geology, 809 George III, 376, 508, 670 Georgetown District, S.C., 212 Georgia, 29, 31, 113, 139, 162, 195, 208, 221-22, 229-30, 244, 252, 276, 314, 442, 444-45, 451, 468, 500, 573, 644, 650, 701, 734, 739, 760, 885, 900 Georgia, University of, 837 Germans, 252-53, 369, 403, 593, 717, 819, 827, 854, 865, 892 Germantown, battle of, 471 Gerry, Elbridge, 526, 532 Gifford, George Edmund, 853 Gila Pima Indians, 190 Gilbert, Humphrey, 121 Glasgow, Ellen, 814 Glass, Anthony, 152 Glenbow Museum, 78 Glenn family, 341 Glorious Revolution, 489, 591, 654 Gloucester, England, 354 Gloucester, Mass., 321 gold, 301 Gorton, Samuel, 392 government, see politics and government Granville District, N.C., 575 Grass, Michael, 510 gravestones, 896-97 Great Awakening, 54, 233, 381, 402, 406, 423, Great Lakes, 175, 291, 301

"Great Negro Plot," 203, 208 Great Plains, 878 Greece, 472, 537, 770 Green, Ashbel, 833 Greene, Catherine Littlefield, 244 Greene, Nathanael, 244, 503, 722 Greenhouse site, 173 Greenland, 117, 151 Grenada, 132, 199 Grenville expedition, 111 Grenville, George, 559, 597 Grenville, Richard, 111, 121 Gronau, Israel Christian, 30, 32, 252 Grotius, Hugo, 707 Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty, 254 Guadeloupe, 525 Guiana, 74 Guildhall, 261 Guinea, 74 gunpowder, 841 guns, 291 Guy, John, 109 Gwinnett, Button, 442 Habersham family, 29 haciendas, 362 Haiti, 717 Hakluyt, Richard, 74, 764 Halifax, Nova Scotia, 569, 632 Hall, Lyman, 442 Hamilton, Alexander, 17, 81, 287, 505, 528-29, 532, 534, 566, 576, 586, 635-36, 668, 680, 756 Hamilton, Robert, 307 Hamilton, Sir William, 882 Hammon, George, 710 Hammond-Harwood House, 88 Hampshire County, Mass., 8, 620 Hancock, John, 434 Hanna site, 173 Hanse, 117 Hanson, Alexander Contee, 532 Hardenbroeck, Margaret, 231 Harlot, Thomas, 122 Harmony of the Gospels, 383 Harriot, Thomas, 130 Harvard College, 370, 548, 755

276 Books on Early American History and Culture Havana, 120 Hawaii, 776 Hawkins, John Isaac, 839 Hawkins, John, 121 Hawkins, Richard, 121 Hawthorne, Nathanael, 782, 811 Haynes, Lemuel, 215 health, 236, 295, 324, 347 Heckewelder, John, 98 Hemmings, Sally, 571 Henson, Josiah, 223 Hidatsa Indians, 309 Highland Society, 256 Hildreth, Richard, 66 Hingham, Mass., 103, 432 historiography, 3, 14, 21, 58-66, 101, 153, 180, 193, 340, 377, 384, 400, 430, 443, 447, 449, 480, 497, 540, 555, 589, 687, 706, 712, 730, 757, 769, 802, 853, 882 History of Massachusetts Bay, 767 Hobbes, Thomas, 707 Holland, 81, 104 Hollis, Thomas, 662 Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 685 honor, 814 Hooker, Thomas, 412 Hopi Indians, 190, 338 Hopkins, Esek, 716 Hopkins, Samuel, 381 Hopkinson, Francis, 532 Horace, 39 Horry, Harriott Pinckney, 323 horse racing, 361 horses, 361, 901 horses, 901 housing, 317, 365 Howard, Thomas Phipps, 717 Howe, Sir William, 471 Hudson River, 55, 81, 452 Hudson's Bay Company, 169, 246, 290, 302, 355 Huguenots, 377 Hull, Isaac, 716 human rights, 536 humanism, 761 Humber River, 285

Hume, David, 542 humor, 905 Humphreys, David, 753 Hunter, Robert, 603 hunting, 175 Huron Indians, 185 Hutcheson, Francis, 387, 662 Hutchins, Thomas, 99 Hutchinson, Anne, 50, 392, 430 Hutchinson, Thomas, 493, 580, 683, 767 hymns, 414 Iberville, Pierre LeMoyne d', 85 Iceland, 117 iconography, 875, 899 ideas, 746-73, 813 Ile Royale, 397 Ile Saint-Jean, 397 Illinois, 155, 501 imitatio Christi, 429 imitatio naturae, 429 impeachment, 587 impressment, 515 indentured servants, 251, 261-62, 265, 274 India, 70, 108 Indies, 105 Indies, Laws of the (1573), 110 Industrial Revolution, 275, 283-84, 287-88, 851, 858 industrialization, 227, 306 infanticide, 343 Inglis, Charles, 414 Ingraham, Benjamin, 508 inheritance, 260, 327 Innis, James, 372 Inns of Court, 628 inoculation, 845 instruments, musical, 865, 904 insurance, 306, 665, 680, 688, Intolerable Acts, 480 inventing, 848, 855 Iowa, 155 Ipswich, Mass., 103 Ireland, 108, 117, 251, 361, 378, 551, 606, 705, 900 iron, 301, 304, 602, 844, 858,

Subject Index 277 Iroquois Indians, 141, 153, 159-60, 165, 208, 472 Irving, Washington, 787 Islam, 162 Italy, 860 Jackson, Andrew, 75, 80, 614-15 Jackson, Francis, 710 Jackson, John G., 558 Jackson, Rachel, 615 Jacobites, 113 Jamaica, 225, 603, 730 James Bay, 1 6 9 , 2 9 0 James, Henry, 398 James, William, 398 Jameson, Anna, 237 Jane Talbot, 788, 807 Japan, 408, 708 Jarvenpa Indians, 169 Jay Treaty, 550 Jay, John, 528, 534, 550, 687, 690 Jebogue, Church of, 423 Jefferson, Randolph, 609 Jefferson, Thomas, 17, 39, 57, 62, 71, 77, 287, 345, 368, 385, 417, 472, 505, 518, 526, 554, 556-57, 571, 592, 594-95, 601, 607-609, 638, 641, 673, 685, 695, 747, 761, 763, 768, 787, 802, 839, 847, 864 Jenkins, James, 388 jeremiad, 396 Jersey, 296 Jesuits, 119, 156, 158 Jesus, 368, 383, 417 Jews, 29, 242, 253, 288, 401 John Pearce site, 173 Johnson family, 341 Johnston, Gabriel, 575 Johnston, Mary, 814 Jones, John Paul, 716 journalism, 458, 486, 529, 532, 636, 815, 829 judiciary, 536, 582, 605, 659 jurisdictional conflict, 535 just war theory, 707 Keepers of the Game, 168

Kennedy, John Pendleton, 814 Kentucky Gazette, 821 Kentucky, 102, 551, 555, 577 King George's War, 737 King Philip's War, 8, 55 King William's War, 141 King, Rufus, 532 King's Bay site, 162 King's District, N.Y., 508 Kingsley Plantation, 162 Kingsmill Plantations, 360 Kingston, Canada, 510 Kipling, Rudyard, 799 Knight, Sarah Kemble, 802 labor, 1, 23, 28, 189, 191, 196, 222, 224, 235, 251, 256, 261-75, 277, 300, 317, 320, 324-25, 327, 33738, 583, 677, 821 labor unions, 273 Labrador, 131, 868 Lafayette, Marquis de, 469-70 Lake Indians, 183 Lake Ontario, 510, 769, 840 LaLuzerne, Anne Caesar de, 706 Lancaster, Pa., 646 Lancaster, Treaty of, 159, 163 land grants, 316, 443 Land records, 305 Land speculation, 294, 425 landscaping, 310 Lane, Ralph, 111, 122, 130 language, 255, 345, 816-17, 825, 828 L'Anse aux Meadows, 69 Lansing, John, 532 Laredo, Texas, 322 LaRochelle, 281 Larocque, Antoine, 309 LaSalle, Robert, 72 Lasuén, Fermin Francisco de, 126 Latin America, 36, 89, 95, 595, 708, 723, 763 Latin, 791 LaTour family, 604 LaTour, Charles, 604 Latrobe, Benjamin Henry, 67, 839, 857, 862, 889

278 Books on Early American History and Culture Laurens, Henry, 564, 631, 647, 650 Law of Nations (Vattel), 707 law, 21, 22, 34, 103, 132, 144, 157, 164, 186, 203, 207, 208, 224, 230-31, 236, 255, 263-64, 273, 306, 328-29, 426, 479, 494, 501, 533, 536, 545, 549, 553, 555, 557, 562, 578, 582, 588, 600, 606, 615, 619, 628, 656, 673-96 821, 826 Lear, Tobias, 556 Lechford, Thomas, 675 Lectures on Moral Philosophy, 771 Ledyard, John, 77 Lee, Arthur, 492 Lee, Harry, 497 Lee, Mother Ann, 413 Lee, Richard Henry, 478 Leisler's Rebellion, 651 leisure, 41, 325, 332, 426, 745 Levy, Gershon, 871 Lewis and Clark expedition, 86, 179, 193 Lewis family, 347 Lewis, Nelly Custis, 347 libel, 826 liberalism, 528, 608, 747, 754, 803 Liberty Trees, 502 liberty, 567, 617 libraries, 598 Library Company of Philadelphia, 366, 831 Library of Congress, 460, 634, 679, 701 Life and Morals of Jesus, The, 368 linguistics, 452, 786, 828, 847 Linneaeus, Carolus, 211 Lisbon, 753 Liston, Robert, 710 Litchfield, Conn., 749 literacy, 144, 329, 823 literary criticism, 779 literature, 4, 12, 34, 95, 132, 223, 236, 239, 346, 376, 383, 388, 396, 420, 429, 458, 465, 529, 678, 772, 774-814 Little Colorado, 178 Little Woods site, 173

liturgy, 374, 409, 413 Liverpool, 265, 740 Locke, John, 412, 707, 746-48, 765, 767 Loftis, Milton, 814 Log buildings, 878, 887 Logan, James, 50 logging, 139, 895 London, England, 214, 256, 26162, 265, 378, 435, 881 London, Ont., 861 Long Island, N.Y., 33, 324 Los Adaes, 885 Louis XIV, 125, 377 Louisbourg, 120, 138, 329, 397, 729, 737 Louisiana, 147, 173-74, 277, 350, 681, 723, 885 Louisiana Purchase, 614, 702 Low, Harriet, 863 Lower Canada, 525 Lower Court of Nova Scotia, 696 loyalism, 49, 58, 133, 220, 257, 436, 438-39, 443-44, 457, 459, 461, 466, 473, 477, 479, 482, 486-88, 491, 500, 506-508, 510, 564, 569, 658, 742 Lunenburg County, Va., 5 Lutheranism, 425 Lynn, Mass., 284 Lyon, Matthew, 551 Macdonnell, John, 309 Macdonough, Thomas, 716 Machiavelli, Nicolo, 767 Mackenzie, Alexander, 77 Mackinac, 335 Madison, Dolley Todd, 607 Madison, James, 17, 39, 505, 518, 523, 528, 532, 534, 542, 594, 607, 612, 634-37, 644 magazines, 531, 782 Magellan, Straits of, 74 magic, 23, 428 Maine, 47, 245 Malaspina, Alejandro, 82, 843 Mandan Indians, 309 Manifest Destiny, 211

Subject Index 279 Manning, James, 372 manufacturing, 265, 287, 300, 304, 306, 689, 841, 844, 851 maps, 291, 312, 316, 621, 831 Marblehead, Mass., 321 Marine Court of the City of NY, 263 Marine Office, 456 maritime law, 688, 696 maritime region (Canada), 12, 42, 47 maritimes, 76, 104, 134-39, 415, 482, 696, 872 Marksville site, 173 Maroons, 200 marriage, 30, 175, 234, 246, 267, 281, 324, 329, 349-51, 681 Marshall, George C., 735 Marshall, John, 568, 685, 695, 713 Martha's Vineyard, Mass., 875 Martin, Calvin, 168 Martin, Josiah, 575 Martin, Luther, 526, 532 Martinique, 525 Martin's Hundred, Va., 876 Marvell, Andrew, 662 Maryland, 16, 34, 45, 88, 192, 208, 229, 326, 380, 403, 419, 421, 431, 499, 573, 589, 621, 654, 674, 740, 742, 760, 808, 857 Mason, George, 526, 536, 539 Mason, John, 109 Massachusetts, 8, 23, 63, 103, 138, 208, 223, 245, 260, 267-69, 284, 301, 310, 321, 330, 336, 343, 351, 377-79, 409, 411, 428, 430, 489, 491, 493, 502, 549, 560, 579-80, 589, 591, 604, 620, 654, 670, 675-76, 689, 696, 715, 767, 842, 875, 891, 901, 904 Massachusetts Historical Society, 63 Massachusetts Indians, 181 Massey Commission, 25 material culture, 12, 21, 167, 221, 297, 317, 320, 357, 360, 849, 860-900 mathematics, 144, 452

Mather, Cotton, 420, 751, 802 Mather, Increase, 896 Mather, Richard, 376 Mather, Samuel, 896 Mathews, George, 644 Mathewson, R. Duncan, 134 Matthews family, 341 Maury, James, 77 Maycocke family, 341 Mazzei, Philip, 709 McDougall, Alexander, 726 McGregor's Creek, 182 McKean, Thomas, 593 McKenzie, Charles, 309 medicine, 144, 250, 319, 347-48, 352, 496 Mediterranean Sea, 74 Medora site, 173 melancholy, 398 Melton family, 341 Melville, Herman, 799 Menéndez family, 278 Mennonites, 403 mental illness, 318 Mentor, H.M.S., 740 mercantilism, 120, 698, 705 mercenaries, 717 merchants, 272-73, 281, 284-85, 288, 295-96, 298, 300, 311, 327, 336, 356, 449, 453, 485, 565, 677, 890, 900 Merrimack River, 52 Merry, Anthony, 710 mestizos, 337 metal working, 865, 891-92 metals, 301 Methodism, 325, 372, 421, 427, 431 Métis Indians, 175 Mexican War, 708 Mexico, 9, 83, 196, 266, 322, 786, 809 Mexico, Gulf of, 85, 99, 100, 162, 447, 521, 740, Meyers, John Walden, 459 Miami Indians, 183 Michaux, Andre, 77 Michigan, 357

280 Books on Early American History and Culture Michilimackinac, 844, 871 Micmac Indians, 181 Middle Colonies, 23, 300, 340 Middle Passage, 218 Middle Verde Valley, 338 Middlesex County, England, 265 Middlesex County, Va., 333-34 midwifery, 348 migration, 12, 18, 28, 44-46, 58, 107, 116, 158, 175, 192, 208, 222, 250-51, 253, 256-63, 265, 271, 295, 350, 352, 377-78, 403, 443, 572, 575, 758, 900 military, 27, 41, 119-20, 126, 132, 149, 179, 329, 397, 437, 440, 445-48, 452, 454, 461, 465-67, 476, 483, 488, 494-500, 503, 508, 511, 513, 516-17, 519-20, 52324, 543-45, 547, 577, 615, 627, 629, 632, 645-46, 663, 666, 669, 673, 677, 708, 715-45, 845, 884, 897, 904 militia, 8, 19, 27 Milk for Babes, 346 Mill Creek Site, 363 millenarians, 392 millennialism, 512, 750 Miller, Peter, 369 milling, 285, 363 minerals, 319 mining, 79, 158, 301, 858 Minnesota, 140, 155 Miquelon, 44 missions, 9, 41, 45, 126, 144, 156, 158, 162, 170, 225, 227, 335, 410, 416, 433, Mississauga, Ont., 861 Mississippi River, 3, 4, 72, 140, 146-47, 221, 319, 501, 885 mobile war, 722 Mobile, Ala., 349 Mogollon Rim, 338 Mohawk Indians, 160, 165 Mohawk Valley, N.Y., 305, 474 money, 303, 629, 649, 879 Monmouth, battle of, 648, 726 Monocacy Creek, Pa., 854 Monongahela River, 873

Monroe Doctrine, 744 Monroe, James, 17, 594, 607 Montana, 175 Montesquieu, Charles, baron, 746 Monticello Association, 638 Monticello, 77, 882 Montreal, 77, 356 Moodie, Susanna, 237 Moody, Lady Deborah, 231 morality, 807 Moravians, 163, 425, 427, 854 Moraviantown, battle of, 182 morbidity, 856 Morelos, 362 Morgan, Edmund S., 22 Morgan, Justin, 901 Morris, Lewis, 640, 651 Morris, Robert, 280, 456, 650, 863 Morris, Thomas, 672 Morse, Jedidiah, 411 Morse, Samuel, 848 mortality, 852, 856 mortgages, 305 Mortimer, John, 98 Morton, Charles, 755 Motley, John L., 66 Mounds Plantation site, 173 mounds, 172 Mount St. Mary's College, 419 Mount Vernon, 545, 547, 902 mulattos, 337 Munger, Edmund, 519 Muscovy, 74 music, 126, 369, 414, 522, 814, 865, 901, 902, 904 mysticism, 369, 415 mythology, 777, 813 nails, 844 Nantucket, Mass., 875 Napoleon, 277, 704, 766 Narragansett Bay, 572 Narragansett Indians, 181 Nashville, Tenn., 64 Natchez Indians, 154, 172, 885 National Republicans, 553 National Trust, 61 nationalism, 785, 828, 835, 867,

Subject Index 281 897 Native Americans, 3, 4, 9, 10, 13, 16, 18, 27, 29, 41, 45-47, 55, 70, 72, 79, 93, 94, 97, 98, 119, 123, 126, 128, 140-91, 208, 217, 242, 246, 254, 271, 290-91, 296, 309, 314, 328, 335, 337, 353-54, 36162, 364, 389, 408, 410-11, 443, 447, 472, 474, 490, 507, 520, 545-46, 554, 564, 615, 629-30, 670, 674, 790, 812, 827, 845, 868, 885-86, natural history, 853 natural law, 533, 843 natural rights, 472, 533, 662, 707, 767 Naturalization, 263 Navajo Indians, 161, 189 naval warfare, 723 navy, English, 138, 740 navy, French, 742 navy, U.S., 448, 495, 515, 517, 708, 716, 727 Neal, John, 788 Neatby, Hilda, 25 needlework, 865 Neo-Platonism, 755 Netherlands, 219, 231, 253, 255, 452, 485, 742, 886, 893 Neustra Señora de Atocha, 134 Neutrality Proclamation, 607 New Atlantis, The, 858 New Brunswick, 257, 415 New Dispensationalists, 372 New Divinity movement, 381 New England, 7, 23, 55, 65, 151, 153, 174, 181, 208, 245, 300, 310, 318, 340, 343, 353, 365-66, 371, 381, 390, 392, 395-96, 406, 411, 415, 418, 420, 426, 430, 432-33, 572, 591, 674, 714, 799, 823, 875, 877, 891, 901, 905 New England's Annoyances, 905 New France, 136, 185, 242, 344, 731 New Hampshire, 13, 52, 63, 245, 310, 569, 688 New Jersey, 40, 116, 298, 340, 441,

474, 602, 627, 640, 663, 726 New Jersey, College of, 832-33 New Leeds, Ga., 900 New Light movement, 372, 382, 414-15 New Mexico, 20, 90, 161, 254, 365, 786, New Netherland, 231 New Orleans, 67, 80, 447, 723, New Orleans, battle of, 521 New River, 163 New Scotland, 47 New Spain, 20, 132, 158, 242 New York City, 253, 263, 275, 467, 600, 684, 726 "New York Conspiracy," 203, 208 New York, 16, 33, 55, 151, 192, 203, 208, 231, 255, 263, 293-94, 298, 305, 306, 310, 312, 324, 377, 421, 450, 457, 459, 473, 491, 508, 535, 538, 586, 589, 595, 602, 603, 624, 651, 654, 663, 670, 687, 699, 726, 756, 883, 893-94 Newbury, Mass., 103 Newburyport, Mass., 267, 549 Newfoundland, 69, 74, 109, 131, 151, 698, Newlight Baptists, 372 Newport, R.I., 308, 315, 648, 870 Newsome family, 341 newspapers, 486, 529-32, 636, 746, 815, 819, 821 Newton, Isaac, 765 Newtown, N.Y., 33 Niagara Peninsula, 41, 307 Niagara Peninsula, 41 Niagara, Ont., 724-25 Nicholson, Francis, 742 Nippising Indians, 185 Niza, Marcos de, 90 Nootka Sound, 70, 176 Norfolk, Virginia, 466 Norse, 69, 117 North Carolina Court of Vice Admiralty, 562 North Carolina Court of Chancery, 562

282 Books on Early American History and Culture North Carolina Executive Council, 563 North Carolina General Court, 562 North Carolina Higher Court, 562 North Carolina, 18, 26, 54, 111, 141, 222, 229, 444, 468, 488, 499, 562-63, 575, 624, 701, 760, 866 Northampton, Mass., 233 Northeast Passage, 74 Northrup, Solomon, 223 Northumberland County, Pa., 10 Northwest Passage, 74 Northwest Territory, 149, 845 Notes on the State of Virginia, 768 Nova Scotia Lower Court, 696 Nova Scotia, 133, 382, 415, 421, 423, 508, 569-70, 581, 632, 696 novels, 223, 777-78, 785, 807 Nueva Castilla, 132 Nueva España, 132 Nueva Galicia, 20, 132 Nueva Vizcaya, 20 Nuevo León, 20 Nuevo Mexico, 20 Nuevo Santander, 20 numeracy, 313 nutrition, 221 obstetrics, 348 Oceania, 82 Oconee War, 734 Of Plymouth Plantation, 800 Oglethorpe, James, 29, 50, 112-13, 129, 314 Ohio, 358, 519 Ohio River, 97, 739 Old Northwest, 845 Oliver, Peter, 580 Oneota Indians, 155 Onis, Don Luis de, 702 Ontario, 28, 41, 58, 270, 698, 840, 861 Opata Indians, 190 Opechancanough, 7 Oregon, 355 original intent, 539 Original Sin, 424

Ormond, 789, 792, 807 ornithology, 850 orthography, 828 Osage Indians, 147 Otis, James, 434, 696 Ouachita River, 77 Oxford University, 113 Oyster Bay, 324 Pace family, 341 Pacific Ocean, 42, 178, 355, 872 pacifism, 827 Page, Thomas Nelson, 814 Paine, Thomas, 746, 774, 787 painting, 291, 860, 862-63, 831, 864-65, 874, 889, 890-91, 897 Paiute Indians, 190 paleontology, 847 Panama, 763 paper manufacturing, 279, 425 paper mills, 279 paper money, 299, 629, 657, 670 Parant family, 871 Paris, 700, 709 Paris, Treaty of (1783), 705 Parker, Peter, 863 Parkman, Francis, 66 Parliament, British, 113, 292, 642, 654, 676 Parson, Robert, 45 Passengers Act of 1803, 256 patriarchy, 235, 325, 458, 514, 797 Pawnee Indians, 189 Payzant, John, 382, 884, 889 Peale, Charles Willson, 48, 839, 884 Pearson family, 341 Pecos, 178 Pelham, Henry, 597 Pendleton, Edmund, 610 Penn, William, 11, 15, 16, 128-29, 790 Pennsylvania, 10, 11, 16, 80, 128, 141, 188, 279, 304, 340, 365, 369, 403, 408, 419, 422, 467, 471, 535, 555, 584, 589, 593, 645-48, 726, 739, 743, 790, 831, 854, 857-58, 860, 865, 873, 878,

Subject Index 283 890, 892 Pennsylvania, Historical. Society of, 366 Pensacola, Fla., 740 Pequot Indians, 181 performing arts, see arts, performing Pernambuco, Brazil, 196 Perry, Oliver Hazard, 716 Persia, 74 Petersburg, Va., 240 Petty, William, 665 Philadelphia Museum of Art, 865 Philadelphia, Penn., 67, 80, 192, 253, 297-98, 336, 403, 408, 422, 467, 507, 584, 645-48, 818, 831, 857, 890 philanthropy, 226 Philip II, 110 Philippines, 277 philosophy, 385, 387, 443, 479, 533, 755, 759, 796, 798 Philosophy of Jesus, The, 368 physics, 847 Pickering, Timothy, 532 Piedmont, 365 pietism, 369, 403, 405, 836 Pinckney, Eliza Lucas, 50 pipes, smoking, 291 piracy, 698, 742 Pistolet Bay, 69 Pitt, William, 622, 665 Plains Indians, 94 plantations, 192, 195, 209, 220-21, 235, 244, 248, 277, 288-89, 311, 336, 360, 552, 625, 730, 856 plants, 68, 70, 93, 152, 310, 335, 3 5 8 ,6 1 3 , Plath, Sylvia, 799 Plessy v. Ferguson, 681 Pliny the Younger, 39 Plymouth, England, 95 Plymouth, Mass., 310, 330, 800, 893 Pocahontas, 50, 777 Poe, Edgar Allen, 782, 796 poetry, 247, 396, 414, 465, 522, 753, 777, 781, 785, 790-91, 797-

98, 804-806, 808, 810 Poland, 709 politics and government, 1, 5, 8, 12-14, 16, 20-22, 28, 30, 33, 34, 36, 38, 41, 46, 51-53, 56, 64, 80, 103, 106, 118, 120, 128, 149-50, 153, 160, 165, 170, 177, 186, 197, 199, 216, 220, 236, 249, 251, 255-57, 273, 300, 307, 320, 322, 325, 330, 332-33, 338-40, 348, 367, 375-76, 388, 405, 420, 435, 437, 441-43, 450, 452-53, 460-61, 464-65, 467, 470, 473, 478-79, 481, 484, 488, 491-92, 497, 505, 510, 517, 519, 523-24, 527-29, 536-37, 542-672, 686, 695, 718, 724-25, 739, 746, 752, 756, 767, 798, 809, 821, 827, 829, 838, 842, 869, 881, 884, 903 political parties, 579, 619, 752 Pollio Vitruvius, 110 polygraph, 839 Pontiac's War, 163 Popple, William, 662 porcelain, 863 Porter, David, 716 portraiture, 23, 864, 883, 888, 899 Portsmouth, N.H., 310, 688 Portsmouth, Va., 466 Portugal, 89, 104, 118, 219, 337, 753 Posada, Alonso de, 94 postal service, 670 pottery, 172, 873, 876, 890, 893 Poughkeepsie, N.Y., 538 poverty, 308, 315, 327, 675, 891 Poverty Point, 173 Powell, Thomas, 631 Pownall, Thomas, 662 praying towns, 144 Preble, Edward, 716 pregnancy, 397 Preparatory Meditations, 429 Prescott, William H., 66 preservation, 61, 870 presidency, U.S., 594, 611 presidio, 317 press freedom, 249, 826

284 Books on Early American History and Culture Price, Richard, 665 Prince Edward Island, 397 Prince, Sarah, 233 Princeton Theological Seminary, 833, 836 Princeton University, 756, 832-33 Princeton, N.J., 233, 639 printing, 810, 818-19, 823, 827, 830, 891 prisons, 44, 515 Private Land Claims, Court of, 254 privateering, 101, 115, 296, 448, 455, 495, 515, 672, 698, 723, 740, 742 prize court, 723 probate records, 276 Proclamation of 1763, 597, 630 property, 243, 254, 276, 284, 295, 305, 328, 353, 362, 422, 472, 501, 533, 640, 658, 667, 677, 680, 684, property records, 231, 235, 243, 305, 543, 545 Protestantism, 225, 284, 377 proverbs, 786 Providence, R.I., 308 psalmody, 901, 904 Public Record Office, 214, 438 public schools, 835 Publius, 529, 542 Pueblo Indians, 126, 190, 254, 338 Puerto Cabello, 723 Puget Sound Agricultural Company, 355 Puritanism, 7, 23, 60, 187, 242, 330, 343, 367, 370, 378-79, 383, 390-93, 395-96, 398, 407, 418, 426-27, 429, 432, 582, 749, 755, 813, 837, 891, 896, 904, 905 Put-in-Bay, 182 Putnam, Israel, 753 Putnam, James Jackson, 398 Putney Debates, 758 Pynchon, John, 8 Pynchon, William, 392 Quakerism, 7, 15, 16, 40, 116, 279, 340, 379, 388, 392, 405, 408,

422, 790, 817 Quarter Horse, 361 Quasi War, 744 Quebec, 42, 356, 446, 482, 510, 525, 677, 719, 726 Quebec Act, 25 Quebec Lower Court, 677 Quesada, Juan Nepomuceno, 613 Quivira, 132 race, 21, 46, 118, 144, 192-230, 242, 246, 313, 315, 319-20, 333, 337, 340, 411, 440, 658, 804-806, 856 Radisson, Pierre Esprit, 50 railroads, 4, 895 Ralegh, Sir Walter, 91, 101, 111, 121, 129, Ramsay, David, 66, 532 ranching, 359 ranchos, 126, 254 Randolph, Beverley, 666 Randolph, Edmund, 532 Randolph, Mary, 241 Randolph, Peyton, 628 rape, 397 ratification, Constitutional, 530-32, 535, 538, 540 Raymond, Henry, 815 reading, 745, 819, 824, 830 recipes, 323, 347 Red Bay, Labrador, 131 Red River expedition (1806), 71 Red River, 77 Regulator Movement, 575, 624 religion, 1, 5, 12, 13, 19-22, 30, 3234, 37, 45, 46, 51, 53, 56, 118, 126, 129, 142, 144, 149-50, 153, 156-57, 160, 162, 165, 178, 187, 191-92, 203, 208, 225-26, 233, 236, 242-43, 245, 249-52, 255, 257, 273, 284, 305, 306, 312, 321, 325, 329-30, 335, 337, 339, 346, 349, 367-433, 440, 501, 506, 512, 517, 539, 570, 577-78, 591, 620, 623, 640, 653, 699, 707, 754, 758-60, 785, 796, 798, 803, 807, 812, 824, 827, 829, 835-36,

Subject Index 285 867, 891 religious liberty, 375, 662, 665 Report on Manufactures (1791), 287 reproduction, 856 republicanism, 443, 523, 526, 528, 533, 542, 553, 583, 590, 619, 668, 673, 678, 694, 738, 747, 750, 754, 838 Republicans, Jeffersonian, 593, 595, 601, 607 Requa farmstead, 310 Restoration, Stuart, 379, 591, 623, 653, 758 revivalism, 371, 393, 406, 415, 423, 749 rhetoric, 518 Rhode Island, 151, 198, 244, 308, 315, 572 rice, 213, 222 Rich, Adrienne, 797 Rich, Sir Nathaniel, 114 Richelieu, Cardinal, 106 Richilieu Valley, 356, 731 Richmond, Va., 600, 697, 857 Ridley Creek, Pa., 279 Rio Bravo River, 266 Rio de la Plata, 132 Rio Grande River, 148, 178, 254 rituals, 502 riverboats, 4 Roanoke, 18, 91, 101, 115, 121-22, 124, 130, 777 Robbins, Caroline, 662 Robertson, James, 473 Robin family, 296 Robin, Charles, 296 Rockefeller, John D., 92 Rodgers, John, 716 Roman Catholicism, 12, 45, 171, 2 4 2 ,3 8 0 ,4 1 9 ,8 0 3 Romans, Bernard, 99, 452 Romanticism, 783 Rome, 380, 472, 770 Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 746, 772 Routledge, Robert, 7 Rowlandson, Mary, 187, 802 Rowley, Mass., 103

Royal Ontario Museum, 897 Royce, Josiah, 398 runaway slaves, 229 rural, 877, 886 Rush, Benjamin, 532 Rush, William, 888 Russia, 776, 868 Ruth Smith mound, 162 Sabbath observation, 393 Sabine, Lorenzo, 487 Safety, Council of, 564 Saint Domingue, 717, 730 Saint John, New Brunswick, 1 Saint-Pierre, 44 Salem, Mass., 318 Salusbury, John, 632 salutary neglect, 605 Salzburgers, 30-32, 252 San Luis de Talimali, 162 San Pedro y S. Pablo de Patale, 162 Santa Elena, S.C., 364 Santa Fe, 94 Santo Domingo, 556, 568 Saratoga, battle of, 465, 551, 663 Satan, 318 Sauers, Christoper, 827 Saugus, Mass., 301 Savage Chief, The, 860 Savannah River, 252 Savannah, Ga., 29, 31, 445, 476, 900 Sayre, Stephen, 435 scalping, 142 Scandinavia, 16 Schober, Gottlieb, 425 schools, 835, 837 Schuyler, Alida, 231 Schuylkill River, 67 science, 366, 420, 511, 672, 759, 839-59 Scotland, 47, 107, 108, 116, 230, 250, 256, 340, 533, 691 Scott, Jonathan, 423 sculpture, 888-89 Sears, Isaac, 478 secession, 567 secrecy, 588

286 Books on Early American History and Culture sectarianism, 372, 379, 392, 402, 405, 406 secularism, 773 sedition, 551 Selkirk, Fifth earl of, 107, 256 Seminole Village, 162 Senate, U.S., 660 separatism, 392 sermons, 187, 376, 390, 396, 512, 796 Serra, Junípero, 126 Serrana, 178 Sessé y Lacasta, Martin de, 843 Seton, Elizabeth, 419 settlement, 100, 107, 109, 116, 255, 285, 294, 319, 321, 333-34, 343, 358, 438-39, 482, 507, 572, 599, 7 0 1 ,8 0 2 ,8 6 1 ,8 7 6 Seven Years' War, see French and Indian War Sevier, John, 615 sex, 681 Sexton, Anne, 799 Shaftesbury, earl of, 387 Shakerism, 406, 413 Shaw, Samuel, 863 Shawnee Indians, 149, 183 Shays' Rebellion, 6, 272, 533 Shea, John G., 66 Shenandoah River, 403, 819 Sheppard family, 341 Sherman, Roger, 532 ship registries, 666 ships, 214, 258, 262, 297 shipbuilding, 139, 727 shipowners, 256 shipwrecks, 59, 885 Shirley Plantation, 331 shoemaking, 284, 449 shopkeeping, 337, 425 short story, 782 Shreve, Henry Miller, 84 Sidney, Algernon, 662 silence, 817 Silliman family, 232 silver, 301, 873 silversmithing, 866 Simcoe, Elizabeth, 237

Simcoe, John Graves, 861 Sinaloa-Sonora, 20 Sioux Indians, 140 situado, 127, 278 Six Nations Confederacy, 153, 160, 183, 474, 490 Skip with, Fulwer, 713 Slaughterhouse Act (1869), 681 slave narratives, 223 slave trade, 198, 214, 218-19, 228, 281, 289, 292 slavery, 5, 18, 21, 30, 31, 34, 45, 60, 123, 129, 162, 174, 180, 192230, 232, 235, 248, 253, 262, 273, 278, 281, 289, 292, 313, 315, 319, 326, 329, 331, 336-37, 341, 360, 371, 386, 416, 421-22, 431, 449, 470, 543, 545, 552, 564, 567, 583, 598, 635, 647, 656, 679, 681, 697, 730, 762, 783, 821, 852, 856 slipware, 893 Sloane, Sir Hans, 874 smallpox, 148, 856 Smith, John, 88, 777, 787, 802 Smithsonian Institution, 336, 880 smuggling, 723 Smyth County, Virginia, 2 Snow Hill Cloister, 369 Sobaipuri Indians, 190 society, 46, 238-39, 249, 251, 253, 269, 283, 308, 310-40 Solomon, Ezekiel, 871 Sonora, 119 Sonthonax, Léger, 656 soteriology, 427 South America, see Latin America South Carolina State Baptist Convention, 416 South Carolina Constitutional Convention, 416 South Carolina, 35, 56, 141, 192, 208, 212-13, 221-22, 229-30, 316, 323, 359, 364, 374-75, 377, 416, 444, 468, 483-84, 488, 552, 589, 598, 631, 650, 657-59, 701, 760, 820 South Sea Company, 218

Subject Index 287 South Seas, 95 Southack, Cyprian, 138 Southard, Samuel L., 553 sovereignty, 758 Spain, 3, 9, 20, 27, 31, 36, 45, 49, 79, 83, 89, 93, 94, 104, 105, 110, 118-20, 126-27, 147, 158, 162, 178, 184, 217-19, 230, 242, 254, 266, 277-78, 317, 328, 337, 364, 401, 447, 521, 568, 613, 615, 644, 669, 671, 673, 681, 691, 701, 705, 712, 742, 776, 786, 843, 868, 885-86 Sparks, Jared, 66 speaking, 817, 823 speech, freedom of, 551 Spelling Book (Webster), 828 spelling, 828 Spencer family, 341 Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (SPG), 374, 433 spiritism, 392 sports, 41, 426 Spotswood, Alexander, 742 Springfield, Mass., 269 St. Augustine, 162, 317, 364 St. Clair, Arthur, 27, 183 St. Domingue, 656 St. John River, 257, 840 St. Joseph Island, Ont., 270 St. Kitts, 199 St. Lawrence River, 277 St. Louis, Mo., 86, 286 St. Paul, 424 stagecoaches, 822 Stamp Act Congress, 461 Stamp Act Crisis, 480 Stamp Act, 559, 565, 630, 838 Ste. Genevieve, 319 steam engine, 858 steamboats, 84, 736 Stephens, Thomas, 230 Stiles, Ezra, 532, 665 Still, Peter, 223 Stock, Simon, 380 Stockton, Robert F., 716 Stoddard family, 620 stoneware, 873, 893

Stony Mountains, 77 Stork, William, 99 Story, Joseph, 619 Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 799, 811 Strange, James, 70 Stuart Restoration, see Restoration, Styron, William, 814 submarines, 736 Sugar Act, 630 sugar, 196, 199, 222, 362, 625 Suma Indians, 190 Summary View of the Rights of, 768 supply, 496, 503, 645-46, 745 Supreme Court, Canada, 696 Supreme Court, U.S., 264, 619, 685, 690, 695 surgery, 845 surveying, 452, 543, 545, 739 Susquehanna River, 10, 166 Sweden, 868 Swift Creel, 162 symbolism, 413, 817, 896, 899 tableware, 890 Tailfer, Patrick, 802 Talbot settlement, 41 Tallyrand, Charles Maurice de, 713 Tarrytown, N.Y., 310 taverns, 332, 822 taxation, 272, 316, 422, 489, 502, 555 Taylor, Edward, 383, 429, 774 Taylor, John (of Caroline), 424, 668 Tea Act, 584 Teach, Edward, 50 Teays Valley, 163 technology, 179, 304, 358 Tecumseh, 149-50, 182 telegraph, 848 temperance, 284, 431 Tennessee, 887 Tenskwatawa, 149-50 Territorial Court, Louisiana, 681 Texas, 20, 83, 152, 178, 322, 359 textiles, 291, 851, 865, 890, 892 Thames River, 182, 861 theater, 903

288 Books on Early American History and Culture Thompson, David, 309 Thomson, Charles, 639 Thomson, Hannah, 639 Thoreau, Henry David, 796 Thornton, Edward, 710 Thorpe, George, 354 Ticonderoga, 474 Tidewater (Va.), 87, 123, 311, 360 Tilghman, Tench, 504 timber, 139 Timucuan chiefdoms, 148 tobacco, 5, 120, 135, 222, 250, 292, 311, 326, 625, 658 toleration, 417 Tories, 433, 443, 658, 710 Toronto, 897 town meetings, 330 Townshend Acts, 630, 838 Trabue, Daniel, 102 trade, 104, 137-38, 140, 147, 152, 164, 166, 168-69, 175, 178, 181, 185, 198, 214, 218-19, 228, 246, 250-51, 270, 278, 282, 285, 288, 290-91, 293, 296-98, 300, 307309, 314, 321, 335, 338, 434, 470, 591, 630, 653, 667, 763, 863, 890 Traill, Catharine Parr, 237 Transcendentalism, 796 transportation, 305, 306, 312, 324, 503, 657-58, 689, 769, 822 travel, 324, 388, 862 Treasury, Board of, 492 Treaty of 1778, 700, 706 Triennial Convention, 416 Trinity Church, Boston, 409 Tripoli, Pasha of, 556 Troyville site, 173 Trumble, Jonathan, 339 Tryon County, N.Y., 305 Tryon, William, 575, 624 Tse-Tung, Mao, 722 Tucker, George, 66, 814 Tunica, 885 Turkey, 708 U.S.S. Constitution, 139 Uncle Tom's Cabin, 799

Uniacke, Richard John, 570 Union (ship), 76 Universalism, 406 Upper Canada, 41, 42, 210, 307, 616 Upper Canadian Rebellion, 41 urban life, 308, 322, 348, 719 Urlsperger, Samuel, 30 Utah, 161 utopianism, 399 Utrecht, Treaty of, 763 Valdés, Cayetano, 79 Valentine, Isaac, 894 Valentine-Varian House, 894 Valley Forge, Pa., 471, 646-47, 726 Van Alstine, Peter, 510 Van Cortlandt, Maria, 231 Van Rensselaer, Stephen, 883 Van Schaick, Goose, 726 Vancouver Island, 79 Vancouver, George, 96, 167 Varian, Isaac, 894 Vattel, Emmerich de, 707 Védrine family, 350 Venezuela, 132, 277, 723 Veracruz, Mexico, 196 Vergennes, Charles, Comte de, 671, 706 Vermont, 535, 551, 901 vestries, 433 Vikings, 117 Vincennes, Indiana, 501 Vinland, 69, 117 Vinton, Miss., 885 Virginia Assembly, 453 Virginia Committee of Safety, 499, 507 Virginia Company, 115 Virginia Convention, 499, 507 Virginia Council of State, 453, 666 Virginia Court of Vice Admiralty, 692 Virginia, 2, 5, 74, 87, 92, 102, 123, 141, 192, 194, 208, 214, 229, 240-41, 243, 292, 301, 325, 331, 333-34, 345, 347, 354, 419, 431, 433, 453, 466, 468-69, 488, 498-

Subject Index 289 99, 507, 535, 544, 546, 573, 589, 596, 600, 601, 628-30, 666, 674, 694-95, 697, 709, 718, 726, 733, 741-42, 760, 823-24, 857, 862, 868, 876, 898, 902 Virginia, University of, 39 virtue, 747, 749, 754, 773 visual arts, see arts, visual Voltaire, 772 voting, 574 Waddel, Moses, 837 Wales, 108 Walker, Alexander, 70 Walker, Thomas, 77 Walpole, Robert, 597 Waltermyer, Hans, 459 Walton, George, 442 War of 1812, 28, 41, 84, 195, 273, 515-25, 553, 644, 710, 721, 732, 744, 845 War, Board of, 663 Warner, Susan, 811 Warren, James, 532 Warren, Joseph, 434 Warren, Mercy Otis, 781 Washington family, 347 Washington Township, Ohio 519 Washington, D.C., 760, 857, 862 Washington, George, 77, 183, 264, 303, 342, 347, 446, 471, 496, 504, 505, 514, 532, 543-47, 556, 594, 607, 636, 646, 660-61, 663, 667, 711-12, 735, 753, 763, 773, 880, 899, 902 water, 328, 362 Watertown, Mass., 103 Wayne, Anthony, 183, 739 wealth, 204, 300, 307, 308, 315, 335, 403, 405, 422, 654, 660 Weber, Max, 398 Webster, Daniel, 688-89 Webster, Noah, 532, 828-29 Webster, Noah, Jr., 815 Weeki Wachee mound, 162 Weems, Mason Locke, 760 Wenham, Mass., 260 Wentworth, Sir John, 569

Wesley, John, 427 Wesleyan Methodism, 372 West family, 341 West Florida, 644 West Indies, 21, 200, 221, 227, 265, 288, 300, 852, 856 West Jersey, 40, 602 West, Benjamin, 860 whale oil, 138 whaling, 138-39 Wheatley, Phillis, 781, 804-806 Whigs, 433, 481, 492, 553, 601, 683, 714, 758 Whiskey Rebellion, 272, 555 Whitbourne, Richard, 109 White Plains, 726 White, John, 101, 111, 115, 122, 130, 874 Whitefield, George, 406, 431, 433 Whitemarsh, 471 Whitney, Eli, 244 Who's Afraid, 740 Wichita Indians, 152 widows, 267, 337 Wieland, 789 William V of Orange, 485 Williams family, 620 Williams, John, 187 Williams, Roger, 399 Williamsburg, Va., 61, 92, 224, 628, 898 Wilson, Alexander, 850 Winslow, Edward, 257 Winterthur Museum, 865 Winthrop, John, 412 Winthrop, John, Jr., 8 Wisconsin, 155 witchcraft, 318, 396, 428 Witherspoon, John, 771 Wolfe, R.J., 258 women, 29, 46, 153, 231-49, 267, 273, 313-15, 318, 320, 326, 337, 340, 347-48, 408, 413, 415, 431, 440, 539, 681, 758, 775, 781, 788 Woodlawn Plantation, 347 Woodlief family, 341 wool, 851 Workman, Benjamin, 532

290 Books on Early American History and Culture Wright, James, 29 Wythe, George, 557 Ximenez-Fatio house, 162 XYZ Affair, 713 Yale College, 370, 411 Yaqui Indians, 158, 190 Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, 423 Yates, Robert, 532 Yavapai Indians, 190 York (slave), 193 York Hussars, 717 York, Ont., 616, 861 York, Pa., 646 Yorktown, Va., 59, 102, 469, 476, 488, 498, 718, 726 Young, Thomas, 478 Yuma Indians, 190 Zebulon Pike, 77 Zenger affair, 640 Zenger, John Peter, 640, 815 Zimmerman family, 341 zooarchaeology, 310 zoology, 847 Zubly, John J., 481 Zuni Indians, 190, 338

ABOUT THE AUTHOR Raymond D. Irwin teaches American history, language, and culture at Just Institute, where he is Director of Academic Information Services. He has written articles on colonial American religion, government, and historiography, as well as social studies teachers’ guides and reference works. His earlier bibliography, Books on Early American History and Culture, 1986-1990 (Greenwood) was published in 2001.