-54
B972a 1912
ANGLO-
5-,
AX ON
.EECHCRAFf
MEMORANDA A.A\.A.
MEETi: Tic CITY
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MAP OF ATLANTIC CITY
.*.
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/^vv-. ii-ii
,9HITANt*
i
1
1
'i;
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:
M.TUI.IAM
ITWALUAM
ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, AND WALES IN ANGLO-SAXON TIMES From
A drawing dated A. D.
1259
SECTIONAL INDEX PACK Anglo-Saxon Leechcraft
Genesis
of
English
Medicine
I
1
1
7
Leech and his Practice
Medical
25
Literature "
Medici nale
Angllcum
"
29
"Herbarium"
"The
49
Medlcina
de Quadrupedlbus
"
59 67
Surgery
Pharmacy and Herb- Lore
Methods
81
of
9
Healing 1
Wellcome
1
'
Materia
Medlca Farm 101 Historical
Medical
109
Equipments
Some Characteristic
Cases
1
6
1
67
1
Formulary B.
W. &
Co.
Products '
Tabloid
'
Brand
206
Products 1
Wellcome
'
Brand Products
247
General Trade ilark
PI
us,
PLATO AND CHEIRON, THE CENTAUR
From
the Anglo-Saxon
Manuscript
"Herbarium Apuleius Platonicus ca. A.D. 1000-1050
"
\ i
ANGLO-SAXON
LEECHCRAFT
AN HISTORICAL SKETCH OF
EARLY
ENGLISH
MEDICINE
LECTURE MEMORANDA American
Medical
Association
ATLANTIC CITY 1912
BURROUGHS WELLCOME
*
Co.
LONDON <ENG.) MONTREAL
SYDNEY
CAPE TOWN
MILAN
SHANGHAI
BUENOS Ames AND 35. 37
4
39.
WET
THIRTY -THIR o STRUT (NIAR FIFTH AVENUE). NEW YORK CITY A
I. I.
K
I
(.11
I
s
K
I
^
I
K\
I-
!>
"
/ oooooooo
PAGE '
'
Products
Kepler
...
...
...
Learning, Foundation of Anglo-Saxon " ... Leech," Origin of the term Leechdom for a Broken Limb ... Literature, Foundation of Anglo-Saxon Liver Diseases, Treatment of ... ... .. Mandragora, Virtues of
...
...
...
183
...
...
...
12
...
...
...
17
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
69 25 40 57
Medical Literature ... ... ... ... .... Medical Weights and Measures ... ... ... " Medicina de of Sextus Placitus " " Medicinale Quadrupedihus" ... ... ... ... Anglicum Medicine in Antient Britain... ... ... ... Medicine Pocket-Cases, Tabloid' Brand... ... ... ... ... Monasteries, Foundation of... Nasal Bougies known ... ... ... ... " Of Schools of Medicine"... ... ... ... ... Ophthalmic Pocket-Cases, Tabloid Brand Ophthalmic Products, 'Tabloid' and Soloid Brands ... ... ... Paralysis and its Treatment... Tabloid Brand Pastilles, ... Pharmaceutical Implements... ... ...
...
15
...
47 59 29
... ...
...
II
...
142
'
...
13
...
90 65
...
'
'
...
141
...
186
...
37 187 85 81
'
'
'
'
Pharmacy and Herb-Lore
...
'
Photographic Products, Tabloid Plasters and Embrocations ...
'
...
...
...
...
...
Brand
...
...
...
...
England, First Account of Plague Poison Antidotes ... ... ... in
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
'
'
Sanitary Towels, Pleated Compressed, Tabloid Brand ... Saxon Names of Herbs, Influence of the Latin on '
Wellcome Brand ... ... Sick-nursing in Anglo-Saxon Times '
Sera,
...
...
...
.:.
...
...
... ... Snake-bite, Antidotes against Soloid Brand Products ... ... ... Splints known and used by Anglo-Saxons
...
...
...
...
Small-Pox '
'
'
Suppositories, Enule Surgery, Anglo-Saxon '
'
'
Tabloid Tabloid Tabloid
'
'
Brand ...
Brand Products ... Medical Equipments and Soloid Cases
'
'
'
...
...
Theriaca recommended Training of the Leech
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
..
...
...
...
...
...
...
161
...
...
...
...
...
204 46
137
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
17
...
...
243
...
...
...
...
244 244 244 47 247
Wellcome Brand ... ... Valoid Brand Products ... ... ... Valule Brand Products ... ... ... ... ... Vaporole Brand Products ... Weights and Measures, Anglo-Saxon Medical Wellcome Brand Products ... ... Wellcome Materia Medica Farm ... ... ... Wounds, Method of Cleansing
Vaccines, '
81
194 24 33 35 197 67 172 23 206
'
'
'
... ...
'
Testing, Indicators for
'
... ...
189 87 23 35 194
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
101
...
...
73
FOREWORD HISTORICAL EXHIBITION OF RARE AND CURIOUS OBJECTS RELATING TO MEDICINE. CHEMISTRY. PHARMACY AND THE ALLIED SCIENCES. LONDON ENG.>, 1913
FOR many
have been engaged in researches methods employed in the healing art, both among civilised and uncivilised peoples; and with the object of stimulating the study of the great past, I have years
I
respecting the early
had
my mind
in
an exhibition
in
for some time past, the organisation of connection with the history of medicine,
chemistry, pharmacy and the allied sciences, my aim being to bring together a collection of historical objects illustrating
healing,
the development
etc.,
have decided
I
which has been at
past,
of
and science
the art
of
throughout the ages.
the
to
hold the Historical Medical Exhibition,
in
process of organisation for some years
same time as
Congress, which
This decision
is
will,
due
to
the
International
have no doubt,
1
Medical
take place in London, in 1913. suit the
convenience
medical practitioners from all parts of the world, who will be visiting England on the occasion of the
of the
many
Congress.
The success
of the Historical
Medical
Exhibition
will
depend largely upon the co-operation of those interested in the subject with which it deals, and again appeal, therefore, I
to all
who
that
the
possess objects of historical medical interest, to render their kind assistance by lending them to me, so
A
Exhibition
may
syllabus containing
full
be
thoroughly
representative.
particulars will be forwarded
on request.
HENRY
S.
WELLCOME
ANGLO-SAXON LEECHCRAFT An Historical Sketch
English Medicine
of Early
CONTENTS PAGE
CHAPTER The Genesis
I
of English Medicine
.
CHAPTER The Anglo-Saxon Leech and
his Practice
CHAPTER
.11
.
.
.
.
.
.
II
17
III
Anglo-Saxon Medical Literature
25
CHAPTER IV " Medicinale Anglicum," or the Leech Book of Bald.
.
29
CHAPTER V The " Herbarium
"
of Apuleius Platonicus
.
.
-49
CHAPTER VI The " Medicina de Quadrupedibus
"
of Sextus Placitus
.
59
CHAPTER VII Anglo-Saxon Surgery
67
CHAPTER VIII Anglo-Saxon Pharmacy and Herb-Lore
.
81
Anglo-Saxon Methodsof Healing by Charm and Incantation
91
.
.
.
CHAPTER IX
COLOURED DRAWING FROM THE ANGLO-SAXON "HERBARIUM APULEIUS PLATONICUS"
MANUSCRIPT,
ca. Probably secret
represents
virtues
of
herbs,
1000-1050
A.D.
Apuleius
from
receiving Apollo,
ecclesiastical
a
who
vestments.
book, is
containing the depicted in
here
ANGLO-SAXON LEECHCRAFT An
Historical Sketch of Early English Medicine
CHAPTER
I
INTRODUCTORY THE GENESIS OF ENGLISH MKDICINE Oi
the races that
inhabited the Isles of Britain in are more interesting than the Anglo-Saxon, which speedily overran the country after the departure of the Romans and flourished antirnt
times,
few
a period which may be said to have extended from A.D. 596 to 1066.
for
After the decline of the Roman power in Britain, and during the inroads of the barbaric tribes, the greater portion of the practical knowledge of medicine and surgery known to the antient Britons must have
Their medical books, if any Medicine in such remained, were probably rendered almost useless owing to the difficulty of Britain procuring many of the ingredients mentioned in them, as they were a people who had little intercourse with the inhabitants of other parts of the di> Appeared.
world.
would appear, from letters written to Boniface, Apostle of the Germans, by correspondents in Filmland, that there was a medical literature in tlie country rven as early as the eighth century, since in It
tin
"We
the fact is stated that. have some hooks, but the foreign ingredients we find ibed in them are unknown to us, and difficult to obtain."
OIK
letter
nit-dual
A N <; I. O-SAXON
12
LEECHCRAKT
The Teutonic
races, however, brought with them a knowledge of the properties of worts, which they employed in the treatment of their sick. This empirical knowledge of herbs, which was in some cases intermixed
self-acquired
The Saxons' knowledge
.
of herbs
with a certain amount of superstition in the form of charms and incantations, formed the basis .of the medical art practised by the Anglo-Saxons in
England.
Their early religious belief consisted fundamentally of a rude, fearsome worship of the forces of Nature, but with the introduction of Christianity into England,
by Augustine in the year 597, they commenced to emerge from this state, and the Anglo-Saxons, revivified and relieved from disquietude, began to develop a literature
beechen
of
their
superseded by the style
and
own.
The northern
runes,
the
and the scratching implement were
tablet,
Roman
alphabet, skin or parchment,
ink.
Thus were
the foundations of the age of Anglo-Saxon
learning laid, and the Christian missionaries, coming from the more civilised Roman Empire, doubtless
brought with them some knowledge of the medicine From Greece also, the fountain-head of their country. of the medical art in Europe, learning un
tion o
Angio-saxon learning
through, and although the AngloSaxons were but slow to absorb the know-
filtered
ledge of the more cultivated Greeks, we know from the works on the healing art that have
survived, that
it
exercised a certain influence
upon
their practice of medicine.
That they were a people of culture is proved by a study of their literature in the manuscripts, written in the vernacular, that have come down to Anglo-Saxon us from the past. In these, we find poetrv ' knowledge
represented by the rugged lines or Beowull and Cynewulf, literature by the scholarly treatises of Aldhelm, history by the famous records of the Venerable Bede, and medicine by the Leech of the arts
A
M.
l.ii-s
A
XON
I.KKCHCK APT
13
Book of Bald. In these works, few though they are in number, we have evidence of their knowledge of the art- and sciences. In dealing with the culture of a people of a bygone words on their customs and manner of living
age, a few will
not be out of place.
From what records we possess it is evident that the Anglo-Saxons lived in a certain amount of comfort. Their food consisted of beef, mutton, pork, goat, venison, wild boar, peacock, swan, goose, duck, and a great variety of wild fowl ; as well as salmon, eel, hake, sturgeon, herrings, and other fish in great variety. Their cookery, judging from historians, was not to be
At noon-meat, or dinner, the K io-sxon Anglo-Saxon spread his table with a An foods and cloth, on which were placed such dainties cookery despised.
....
as oyster patties, or fowls stuffed with bread, and such worts as parsley. Chickens, pigs' trotters, eggs, and various preparations of milk, formed
The meat was usually articles of his everyday diet. brought to table direct from the fire, on small spits, and all food that required it was sweetened with honey. For dessert they had sweet apples, pears, peaches, medlars, plums, and cherries, and to satisfy their thirst they drank mead, home-brewed ale and beer. Of the latter they had many varieties, and we find references to strong beer, strong ale, both clear and foreign, and another which they called " twybrowen," or double-
brewed tin in.
ale.
The hop
and called
plant was known and used by Further, they "hedge hymele." silk, drugs, wine, oil, other articles, which they used
imported gold, precious stones, ivory, glass, and in their art>.
many
During the eighth century great monasteries were first at Winchester, then at M ilnu >l):n\. and later, at Glastonbury. Foundation These formed the chief centres of learning monasteries at the time, and became the cradle of the arts. Their libraries contained manuscripts, some
founded,
AMil.O-SAXDN
I.
EECHCKAKT
and in the vernacular, others copied from the learned books in Latin and in Greek introduced from Here were doubtless to be other parts of Europe. found the works of the great Greek physicians, Aretseus of Cappadocia, Alexander of Tralles, and Paul of .1^'iiKi; and from these and other works the original
monks were
instructed in
all
that
was then known o/
the early sciences. I-'rom this
period
till
the end of the tenth century,
we have no knowledge of the practice of medicine among the Anglo-Saxons, and it is not until the time of Alfred the Great that we have actual contemporary record of the medical art as practised
in
England
at that time.
From remain,
the scanty relics of Anglo-Saxon literature that are able, however, to form some idea of their
we
knowledge of the art of healing, and their medical manuscripts are of special interest to us, as they are the earliest records of the English people settled in Kngland, as well as being the foundation of English
medicine.
Although, as we shall see from the following pages, their medical treatment charms and incantations frequently accompanied the administration of drugs, behind these superstitious practices Anglo-Saxon there existed a real and practical knowledge literature of the art of medicine, which rested mainly upon a knowledge of the properties of the herbs or W..M- from which they mainly drew their materia medica. in
U <
-o
AM.
1. 1.
-SAX ON
LKKCHCKAFT
CHAPTER
17
II
THK ANGLO-SAXON LEECH AND HIS PRACTICE
The Anglo-Saxon medical practitioner was known as "the Leech," an appropriate name in one sense, and probably derived from the medical use of the leech for lotting blood, known from times of great antiquity. This term for the man of medicine remained in use in Kngland throughout the Middle The origin Ages. Apparently, he was not exclusively "Leech" of the priestly caste like the Druids, and it seems clear from Anglo-Saxon literature that the
yet
officials
of
medical
art.
the
church were also exponents of the
It appears probable that their early training was obtained in the treatment of the sick who were brought to the monasteries, and treated in the h tr lnl * monastic infirmaries. That there was some T ofr f the ?leech kind of instruction or training in the art may be inferred from the following antient lines:
:
fc
"
sh;ilt thou ken thou a leech will lx?, And ken a sore to see On bark shall one then write And on branch of wood whose limbs to east do lout."
Twig runes If
;
in the Anglo-Saxon manuscript, " Medicinale An^lirum," the expression "as leeches know how" is used, from which it may be presumed that the text uas intended to instruct those who were desirous of
Again,
acquiring some knowledge of leechcraft.
From contemporary drawings in the Anglo-Saxon manuscripts, we are enabled to form a fairly accurate idea of the appearance of the Leech of this period. Thin and grave in mien, as *ic^"e of became a man of learning, with full shaex *nn fj~ h moustaches and beard, he is depicted attirnl in the rock, or Anglo-Saxon tunic, reaching to his knees, with a decorated border and girdle. His
i I
A
M
.
I
< >
-
s
A \
s
.
I.
KKC
II
C KAF
T
19
legs are bare, but his feet are covered with pad-hose, soft boot with a roll-down top. In some represen-
a
head is covered by a pointed cap of the Phrygian type, and to his shoulders is attached a half-length cloak or mantle. tations his
From
the " Medicinale Anglicum,"
Leech Book of Bald, the script
known as
the
Anglo-Saxon manuextant dealing with medicine, something may earliest
be gleaned concerning the leeches of the period. Bald himself, the owner of the book, was a man of He refers to his library, and tells us " he learning. loved his precious volumes more than fees or stored wraith." In the course of this treatise two other leeches are referred to, both appar- oLa^id' Dun One is ently teachers of the medical art. "
whom it is said, he taught this leechanother place, a leech named Dun is dom," mentioned as the originator or instructor of a special named Oxa,
of
and, in
method of treatment. It is probable that Oxa, Dun, and perhaps other practitioners gave Bald the benefit of their experience to be embodied in this work and that he was also familiar with the works of the early Greek fathers of medicine is evident from many parts ;
of the book. It
is
to the Venerable Bede, the great light of the
Northumbrian Church, we owe our chief knowledge of the medical art in the
The frequent
seventh century. allusions to leeches in his
J^ 3,^" works tend to show that they were the regular practitioners of medicine, and it would appear that. lik- the barber-surgeons of the Middle Ages, they inordinate to the ecclesiastic, and were called in mainly for the purpose of bleeding or performing minor operations in surgery. In hi> hi>t"ri<- work,
Historia Kcclesiastica (ientis
Anglornm," Bede is the first to mention an English physician by name, in the person of Medicus Cynefrid, who attended .l.dilthryd, the Abbess of Ely, in her
S*
w 0.
O
z
<
last illness,
and opened a large abscess
From Bede's account, it this good woman, filled
is
her neck.
in
evident that 1
with
religious
E^g/ufa
gloried in the nature of her j^^'*" " " I know." she that says, I deserve to bear the weight of my disease on my neck, for I remember that in my girlhood I bore there that \ our, ft disease. i
very foolish weight of necklaces, and I believe that therefore the heavenly mercy wills that I should bear the pain of my
ff^^ doth
^
r
s
neck, that thus I may be absolved from the guilt of my silly levity, since now instead of gold and pearls, the redness and inflammation of a swelling >tand out upon my neck." .Ivdilthryd died about A.U. 680, and, judging from the description given of her affliction, a swelling of the neck ending in suppuration, her death was probably due to tuberculosis, a disease which, was
doubtless prevalent in England even before the seventh century.
There is a story which forms a curious sequel to the death of the Abbess /Edilthryd, in which it is related tli.it >ixteen years after her death, it was thought l>le to transfer her body to the church, and place When the grave was it in a marble sarcophagus. opened the body was found as whole and uncorrupted as it >he had been buried the same day. physician C'vnefrid, who was present at her death and at her re-interment, added one curious circumstance in con-
The
Cynefrid account of
both
the
exhum*-
He had. he said, been ordered lance a large tumour which the Abbess had. in her l.i-t illne--.. under her jaw. The patient had died tirmation. t<>
wards. At the re-interment, he the wound of the incision which he h.ul made healed up in a wonderful manner, so that instead of the gaping wound with which she ila\-
he
afti
i
found
had been buried, there appeared only the
slightest
ANGLO-SAXON
It
to
is
of the
Bede
plague
also that
in
this
IF.ECHCRAKT
we owe the first account when in
country,
account 664 it was brought from Ireland, where P'r" had raged from the middle of the England \i-.u-. That bleeding was prac-
A.D. it
by the leeches as early as A.D. 665, recorded by him, as follows tised
is
also
:
(
)nce
was
when John
visiting
of Beverley, Bishop of
a nunnery at
Wetadun
(or
Hexham,
Watton), in
was told that one of the nuns from a severe illness. She ^r'actVctfby Anglo-Saxon lately * been bled in the arm, and in leeches of this it had become swollen consequence and painful, and fears were entertained for her life. On the Bishop enquiring when the maiden had been bled, and being told that it was on the fourth day of the moon, he said, "You have acted very unui>. ly and unskilfully in bleeding on the fourth day of the moon, for I remember Account of that Archbishop Theodore of pleasant orVniTn" Yorkshire, he
was had
suffering
memory, said that bleeding at that time was very dangerous, when both the light of the moon and tide of the ocean are on the increase." Bede goes on to state that the good Bishop said a prayer over the sick nun, and gave her his blessing, after which she inn Mediately felt better, and soon recovered.
He also relates a story of a young prince, who had concussion of the brain, owing to a fall from his horse. Through tin- rtt<>rts of John of Beverley he was restored to consciousness, and it is *ufg?T~r** recorded that after so doing a leech was called
and charged
to set
and bandage the broken
n
skull.
who wrote on many subjects, is stated to be the author of a work on blood-letting, entitled " De ininntione sanguinis sive de phlebotomia." In this book he gives the proper Bed>' .
times
r
mentioning the right b iooi*UM?nr .md the wrong days, and issues a special warning against the letting of blood on certain unlucky f.>r
hli-rdini,'.
ANGLO-SAXON LEECHCRAFT
24
He states: "At any time by day or night, if days. need compels, we must use phlebotomy in acute diseases; and especially in the time from the eighth of the Kalends of April to the seventh of the Kalends of June (March 24 to May 25), we have good results from taking away blood, because then the blood is undergoing increase." In the
life of St. Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, an interesting description of how the sick were nursed in Anglo-Saxon times. Eadmar, speaking of a saint's life and death, says " Oh how sick-nursing: many given over in sickness have been Saxon times brought back to health by his loving care.
there
is
:
!
You felt it, Hereward, helpless old man, when, weighed down, not only by years, but by a severe illness, so that you had no control over any part of your physical frame but your tongue, and were fed by his hand, and were refreshed by wine squeezed from the grapes by one hand into the other, drinking it from his own hand, so that you were restored to health."
ANGLO-SAXON I.KECHCKAFT
CHAPTER
III
ANGLO-SAXON MEDICAL LITERATURE About the middle of the tenth century saw the foundation of a true national literature, which is the
more remarkable from the fact that while the learned books of continental nations were written in Latin and Greek, the Anglo-Saxons
produced manuscripts on medicine, Foundation such as have O f Angio,
,
come down to
us,
their
s * xon literature
in
This
vernacular.
fact is unique, because in no other country in
Europe can we
find at
this period, or for centuries afterwards, any
of a literature signs written in the language of the people. It also
goes to prove that the Anglo-Saxons were a
people of culture, intelligence, and activity of
mind.
Of Anglo-Saxon works still
Tbe beib Oouorca major 'heiron holding the Greater
Fran a Manuscript
Ceotaury
of Ute
XII Century .,
these
.
is
- . ,. the " Medicmale ,
.
extant,
there
but seven which called
strictly
The
most
are
may be medical.
important of Anglo-Saon medical
Anghcum," known manuicripu
Leech Hook of Bald. It consists of parts, and is believed to have been written between \.i>. goo and 950, by an Anglo-Saxon named
as the
tlmt
THE HERB SEA HOLLY From
a Manuscript of the
XI Century
A
M.I "-sAXON
LBECHCKAFT
CiKl for a patron or colleague called Bald.
27
What
is
termed the third part of this work evidently does not belong to it, but appears to be a shorter treatise something like the preceding portions, and apparently
same period. The next manuscript of importance is an AngloSaxon translation of the "Herbarium" by Apuleius
written at the
I'latonicus, a work originally written in Latin early in the eleventh century. With this are associated three or four other short treatises, the longest being an adaptation of the work of Dioscorides, and another,
"
Medicina de Ouadrupedibus of Sextus Placitus. work contains many drawings in colour of the
Tliis
herbs described.
There is also an Anglo-Saxon manuscript of Recipes, or l.acnunga, consisting of a number of miscellaneous leechdoms, written about the eleventh century. Further, there is a treatise in Anglo-Saxon entitled
"Of
Schools of Medicine." This be partly founded on the Latin of Petrocelus, a teacher of the School of Salerno, and is of later date, having been probably written about the middle of the twelfth century. Another manuscript consists of a collection of medical charms, and lastly there is a glossary of the names of plants, which throws an interesting light upon the herbI'eri
Didaxeon,"
work has been shown
Ion-
nt"
the period.
to
.tvvui'J .
tv\vt-' 1
,|-y^inij^<we^o'ni
-xt 1 Vto pon^tp-TncTi |nin^
FIRST PAGE OF THE LEECHDOMS From
the Anglo-Saxon Manuscript
"
Medicinale Anglicum
known as the Leech Book ca. A.D.
900-950
of Bald
"
ANGLO. SAXON LBECHCKAFT
CHAPTER
-
'
IV
'MEDICINALE ANGLICUM"
OR THE LEECH BOOK OF BALD Tin most important of the Anglo-Saxon manuscripts, from a medical point of view, is known as the Leech Book of Bald, and the allusions to King Alfred contained 1
in
it
that
show that it was written either in the lifetime of monarch or shortly after his death. Judging from
the character of the caligraphy, authorities are of opinion that it was written in the former half of the tenth
The book
a definite and complete hundred and twenty-seven t'nli<. written on vellum, and is divided into two parts, each with its proper colyphon at the end. The first consists of eighty-eight, and the second of sixty-six, century.
itself is
work, consisting of one
chapters.
This manuscript is thought to have probably once belonged to the famous Abbey of Glastonbury, for a the books of that foundation catalogue B ld the by \Vanley contains the entry Mcdiciuale Ant, licum," and when this the book In >i>k was re-bound in 1757, there was found inscribed on one of the fly-leaves the words Medicinale An^licmii," in almost illegible characters. t
.
r
Tli<- authorship of the work is largely a matter of conjecture, but the following crude verses are inscribed at the c-nd of the second book: 11
Maid
is tli--
owner
of this lxx>k,
which he ordered
Old
to write.
pray h.-n- all men, in the name of Christ. That no treacherous person take this book from me, Neither by force, nor by theft, nor by any false statement. nestly
Why ? As
\va>
I
because the richest treasure is not so dear to me books, which the grace of Christ attends."
IIH ,!.-ar
from these lines it would appear that Bald an An^'lo-Saxon leech, or, at least,
probably
A dmtnu
fie-
AN ANGLO-SAXON LEECH BLISTERING PATIENTS FOR HEADACHE, AND OPPRESSION IN THE STOMACH, AND ALSO FOR CATARRH AND HOARSENESS From
a Manuscript, ca. A.D.
1
150
:
really
:
"--AXON
LEKCHCKAKT
31
interested in medicine, and that he had who may also have been a leech or
instructed Cild,
simply a scribe, to compile this collection W hil. mis >r recipes, and other methods *l, it of medical treatment in use at the time, toother \\ith knowledge gleaned from Greek and Latin authors on medicine. In
this
treatise
of
undoubted Anglo-Saxon
origin,
proof that tin- leeches of the time were keen students of the Greek and Arabian medical schools, the tin -re
is
infhirin e of
such physicians as Alexander of Tralles, and Khazes, being clearly traceable in
I'anl of .li-ina.
the work.
the text, as already stated, two other leeches Dun and Oxa are mentioned, which shows
In
nainrd
then-
that
must have been others of the class of who were learned in medicine and
Hald ami Cild
contemporary with them. The plan of work adopted by the writer is a rough -Li-Mtu -ation of the members and limbs of the body, together with the affections and diseases to which they an- subject. The book begins with an epitome or list of the various leechdoms recommended for c pe f the affections of the head then ailments of fb re ti8e i
;
the
t
throat, parts of the face,
(
the month and lips are treated; and so on throughout the body, until we come to the feet. The final chapters contain methods for treating diseases prevalent at the time fevers, humours, paralysis, smallpox, and others. :
Leech Book of Hald one cannot be struck by the significant expressions which .in used to di -M-ribe \arious diseases. Thus, in connection \sith epidemics or diseases that spread with rapidity, the term Hying 'i***lf venom " is used, which in our time might be expressed as " air -home germs." This expression is applied in one case to venomous swellings, which are thought to refer to bubonic plague. In a study of the
fail
to
li
An interesting allusion is made to smallpox, or The pock-disease, as it is termed in the translation.
<
o
ANGLO-SAXON LKKCHCKAFT early history of smallpox is somewhat obscure, owing to the difficulty of identifying the disease under the ii. iincthat were given to it in antient . Smallpox times. There is good evidence, however, that it appeared in France in A.D. 567, and in Arabia .
Rhazes, the Arabian physician, wrote a upon it in A.D. 923, not long before Bald's In Anglo-Saxon it was Leech Book was written. simply called pockes, the plural of a word which On the appearance of the signified "pustules." disease, bleeding was ordered, thus: in
A.I>.
572.
:i-r
" Against pockes very much shall one and drink a bowlful of melted butter; if they (the pustules) strike out, one shall dig each with a thorn, and then drop one-year ;
alder-drink
This
in,
then they
will
let
blood,
Leechdoms tmt'npox
not be seen."
last instruction, evidently
intended to prevent
pitting, clearly identifies the disease.
Strnma was known
to the Anglo-Saxon leeches as ck ratten," or " purulence in the neck," and for this disease they recommended the following treatment :
When
the neck ratten begins to exist, smear it with nail of a beeve, or best of an ox; it is a tried in a few nights he will be whole. If thou remedy uouldst know if it be neck purulence, take Leechdoms an earth worm entire, lay it on the place first
:
uhere the annoyance above with leaves if
is,
and wrap up
fast
"truml
be neck ratten the worm tnrneth to earth, if it be not, he, the patient, will be whole. Again for neck ratten, take coriander, and beans sodden together, and lay on soon it removes :
it
;
the Jistase.
" Again, a leechdom for the same, take a water crab burnt and then rubbed small and mingled with honey
and done on, or applied, soon he will be well. For the Kime i-.iin. a southern wort has been called galbanum, lay it on the neck pain, then it draweth altogether out " the evil wet, or humour, and the r.itten.
\
.
1
iJiY-crliuj-ji
...uqrnv V^ir. jnmc.t
T
;
J>rtnmiyi
HTsmnn
.lun
cj'inin
|
1
v:'.
THE HERB MAYTHE (CHAMOMILE) From an Anglo-Saxon Manuscript
The
"
Herbarium " ca. A.D.
of Apuleius Platonicus
1000-1050
-Jim-li
AXON l-KECHCHAFT
85
Yellow jaundice is termed "the gall disease, from which cometh great evil." It is diagnosed when " the patient's body all becometh bitter, and as Y. How as good silk; and under the root again" ye'iow of his tongue there be swart veins and jaundice
yellow." The latter observation is interesting as being one of the f-w instances in the Anglo-Saxon leechdoms of
and
pernicious,
unne
is
observation, or reference to the appearance which was regarded so highly by the
clincial
of the
his
urine,
Greek physicians as an aid drinks
li<
I
or
and
imiiHToiis.
that
poisoning
to diagnosis.
potions against poison indicate the dread of
existed
in
early
times,
are
very
Tn'ti'dote
probably owing to an imperfect knowledge of what was really toxic and poisonous. tin>t poison," says the writer, "put in holy water, betony. and the small atterlothe, drink the water and eat the worts.
in>t
of
any poison, ;uid
bishopwort
boil
the
netherward
part
and the netherward everthroat, and clote in ale; lupin,
part of springwort, give to drink frequently." <
>ne of the
most curious leechdoms reads as follows:
man
eat wolfsbane, let him stand upon his head, xniieone strike him many scarifications on the shanks, a
If
let
then the
\
-11.1111
departs out through the incision."
poiMinoii.- Miakes were common in the land may iiered from the many leechdoms for the bites of
That
add. and snak >. although their efficacy is extremely doubtful, a- iii-tam ed in the following: It an add. ^trike a man, wash a black snail in holy -
i
i
\\ater.
and
i;ivc to
the sick to drink."
Antidote* worms are numerous again*! nake-bue interesting, but they are not always :f indentin. .ition. Some are termed M hand-worms M or "worms that eat the hand." These
The
allusions
t<>
and
>
were probably the which the following
iteh i>
mites
(Arams
prescribed
AS
sculiicn.
for
treatment:
ANGLO-SAXON LEECHCRAFT
36
"
For hand-worms and deaw-worms take dock or clote, such as would swim, mingle the roots with cream and with salt, let it stand for three nights, Lee hd mS and on the fourth day smear therewith the f o r w o rm s '
'
;
sore places. "
Against a hand-worm, take ship tar, and sulphur, and pepper and white salt, mingle them together, smear therewith."
Concerning the deaw-worm, Bradley observes that must have been something affecting the feet, and therefore probably meant the acarus, and wag e same as e hand-worm. Worms Thejeaware also described " that eat a man's this
^
"
flesh," called
Reference
is
^
flesh-worms."
made
further
to
an insect called the
"
boring- worm, which bores into a man," and suggests something similar to the guinea-worm, well-known in
the East.
It is
referred to as follows
"
Against a boring-worm, let the beebread, and wheaten loaf. "
put "
:
man
eat
new
cheese,
Again, burn to ashes a man's head bone or skull, it on with a pipe."
Another variety of worm mentioned ana-worm, which grows in a man."
to as follows " If the
is
It
termed the is
referred
:
worm
eat through to the outside and make a drop of honey, drop it in the
hole, take a
The ana-
worm
shed
worm "
work
it
salve against an ana-worm thus shall a man take cinquefoil, that is five-leave grass, and rue ;
;
boil
Treatment bv powdered glass
It is
it
tastes of this,
A
have broken glass ready ground, * c on the hole, then as soon as the he will die."
hole, then
them
in butter,
sweeten with honey."
The treatment by powdered .
,
interesting,
.
..
is
glass ..
,,
r and shows the antiquity of the .
reputation of this substance as a poison. said to have been used for criminal purposes as
late as the eighteenth century.
ANGLO-SAXON LKECHCRAFT
37
From this account of the ana-worm it seems probable that maggots of bot-flies, which infest cattle, are referred to, which at that time inayTiave attacked man. Against lice, an ointment is recommended to be " as follows One pennyweight of
made
:
quicksilver
and two of butter; mingle
together in
a brazen vessel."
all
c
^, r
re ", e
e
A leechdom to relieve toothache in which it is recommended to mix powdered cinnamon and pepper into a plaster with honey and ,'"0"^ lay
against the tooth, would doubtless effective as many remedies recommended for
it
be as
the same purpose at the present time.
For bronchial troubles, or what is termed " lungis host, or cough," treatment by inhalation is thus suggested
:
"Take
and brimstone, and frankinequally much, mingle with Leec hd wax. lay on a hot stone, let the patient f r b r n t ti9 swallow the reek through a horn, and afterwards eat three pieces of old lard or of butter." swails apple,
cense, of
An
excellent
Hows " Boil in little
all
I'.uli
and
rational
recipe
for
a cough
is
:
honey alone, horehound, add a y
ni^ht Listing, bn-wit. .yive it
meal,
let
e
"" gh
J* r
the patient eat at
and when thou givest him drink or him hot."
Hemiplegia was known to the Anglo-Saxons as the " half dead disease,"
and is described as comes upon the right Praiyu, sidi- of the body or the left, where the treatment ^ are powerless, and are afflicted with a slippery and thick humour, evil, thick and mickle." ih<
The
dix-ase that
following
treatment
Anglo-Saxon leechdoms
is
recommended
in
the
:
"The humour must be removed with blood-lettings, and draughts and leechdoms. When first the disease
INSTRUCTIONS FOR APPLYING THE ACTUAL CAUTERY For pain
in
-stiffness in the
the head
for
inflammation
hand and knees
in
the chest
for elephantiasis
for tertian fever
From
a Manuscript of the
XII Century
for
cough
AM.I.o-SAXOS
LKKCHCRAPT
89
cometh on the man, then open his mouth, look at his tongue, then is it whiter on that side on which the is about to be; then tend to him thus; carry the man to a very close and warm chamber, rest him very well there in shelter, and let warm gledes be often carried in. <
" Then unwrap him and view his hands carefully, and whichsoever thou find cold, on that cold vein let him blood. After the blood-letting somewhere about three ni^ht>, i^ive him a purging wort drink, put in as many githcorns as leeches know must be put into a wort drink,
and
suitable worts.
" At whiles
must be given him aloes
after their proper
whiles again after wort drinks, when he is in repose, let blood again on a vein as thou didst at first at whiles draw blood with a
method,
whiles
at
scammony
;
at
;
cupping glass or a horn from the sore deadened places.
"For the half-dead
disease.
Warm
at
whiles the
sore place at the hearth or by gledes, and smear with oil, and with healing salves, and rub smartly so that the salves may sink in. Work into a salve some old salt
some horse marrow, some goose fat or and add good worts, and warm the sore places
grease,
hen's,
at the fire."
Typhus fever is known in the leechdoms under the name of "lent addle." The treatment of this disease, \\ill be seen from the following, is partly by incantation, both over the medicine and
as ,
,
the patient -
:
A leecbdom for re
typhus er
A drink against
lent addle or typhus : herb rams fall (Mtnyanthfs trifoliata), fennel, waybread; let a man sing many masses over the worts, souse them with ale and holy water, boil very thoroughly, let the man drink a great cup full, as hot as he may, before the disorder will be on him say the names of the four gospellers, and a charm, and a
feverfue,
the
;
prayer, etc. Again, a divine prayer, etc., thine \exetli. thine hand vexetll."
hand
ANGLO-SAXON LEECHCRAFT
Diseases of the liver received considerable attention
from the author of this Leech Book, and the leechdom on the subject commences " For all liver Anglo-Saxon diseases, and of its knowledge of the liver nature, increment, and of the six things which work the liver pain, and curing of all these, and plain tokens, either by the mie, or by the loss of appetite, or by the hue :
of the patient." Then follows an anatomical
description of the liver, and its action from an
physiological
Anglo-Saxon point of view. " The liver is extended on the right side as far as the pit of the belly, it hath five lobes it has a hold on or lappets the false ribs, it is the material ;
of the blood
;
when
there
is
digestion and the attenuation of the meats, they arrive at
and then they change their hue, and turn SaX n n fr eftme n t of into blood and it the
liver,
;
diseases of the liver
cas teth
the
Ollt
unclean nesses which be there, and collects the clean blood, and through four veins principally sendeth it
to
the
heart,
and
also
the body as far as the extremities of the limbs. Of the six things which work
throughout
liver pain is,
;
puffing
second
all
first
ith
Drine Flask
;
swelling, that
up of the
liver
;
the
From an Anglo-Saxon script of the
XII Century
the bursting of the swelling the third is wound of the liver the fourth is a burning heat with sensitiveness and with a sore swelling is :
;
;
a hardening of the maw, with sensitiveness and with soreness the sixth is a hardening of the liver
the
fifth is
;
I.EKCHCKAKT
AN..
41
without sensitiveness and soreness. Thou mayest thus understand swelling or puffing up of the liver on the right side is under nech (last) rib, first the swelling of ;
the liver observed, and the disordered man there first feeleth heaviness and sore, and from that place the sore riseth over all the side as far as the collar bone, and as far as the right shoulder, and the man's mie is
blood red as if it were bloody loss of appetite is incident unto him, and his hue is pale, and be is somewhat feverish, and he suffereth remarkable chill, and quaketh as a man doth in lent addle or typhus ;
his meat will not keep down, the liver enlarges, and he may not touch the sore with his hand, to that degree is it strong, and he hath no sleep when it is
When
strongest.
the swelling
mie purulent, as ratten
;
if
it
bursteth then off then
runneth
is
the
is
the
sore less." \
a
<>r
swelling
recommended
or
of
puffing-up
the
liver,
it
is
blood from a vein on the left side, then after a bath, a salve of oil and rue, dill, and " as much as inarche, may seem good to thee seethe all with the oil and then bathe with nesh wool with the wash for a long time, the right side, and then overlay with wool, and swathe up fast for about three to
let
;
IIJL;; I
'
>r
an abscess of the
liver,
warm and
swelling bursteth, n to the patient."
Although diet
doms
in
the
"
when
the purulent
fresh goat's milk to be
rarely mentioned among the leechof Bald, it is not altogether neglected,
is
Book
a> instanced in the following paragraphs, taken from the second part of the book, indicating the proper diet for a patient suffering from enlarged spleen: 44
Thus
shall the sick
man's
diet
be administered
that disease; juicy peas, and bread in hot we wrote \v.ittr, and oxymel, of which speaking of bladder disease, marche also southern acid drink .en
the
in
Angio-son to diet
;
sodden in water, and such worts and diuretic drinks, and thin wine must be given them, and sheer or clear ;
AN ANGLO-SAXON LEECH, HOLDING
A
SCROLL
INSCRIBED "Just as
starvation is cured by repletion, so repletion is " cured by starvation
From
a Manuscript, ca. A.D.
1
150
A
M
.
1.
i >
that will better the
s
-
A \
i
>
LKKC
S
power of the
II
CKA hT
milt;
43
and
shell fishes
be taken, and fowls, those, namely, which are not ./i.vi/cTs in fens. This that folloiceth is to be foregone; let them not partake of fen fishes, nor sea fishes which have hard flesh, and let them take the before-named oysters, and periwinkles, not the meats which puff up a man's strength, nor let them take flesh of bullock, nor of swine, nor of sheep, nor of goat, nor of kid. nor let them drink thick wine, nor food either too .
Again, it is good to extremely hot or too cold. blood in early Lent or spring from the left arm."
let
The Anglo-Saxon treatment for insanity was both and curious. Thus the leechdom
dni.-tic
-
recommends: " In case a
man
,,,..,..
be a lunatic, take skin
mere swine, or porpoise, work
of a
a whip, swinge the well.
man
it
curious treatment for insanity
into
therewith, soon he will be
Amen."
Another strange remedy, illustrating the superions element which enters into many of the leechdoms, is a drink composed of certain herbs, "for a man possessed by devils." The most curious part of the remedy is the admonition that the drink should be This administered to the patient in a church bell. iom reads as follows: " For a fiend sick man, or demoniac, when a devil possesses the man or controls him from 1 within with disease; a spew drink, or f^a'man >t
it
iiiiftic.
leek:
bishopwort,
lupin,
pound
henbane, cropadd ale for a
liquid, let i: stand for a night, cat Inn tit grains, and holy water.
A drink a
ihnrch
l>eton\,
08
ed !"*?,
these together,
for a fiend sick
bell;
add
man,
to
fifty
libcoras, or
be drunk out of
cynoglossum, yarrow, lupin, cassock, flower de luce, fennel,
githrife,
attorlothe,
church lichen, lichen of Christ's mark or cross, lovage; work up the drink off clear ale, sing seven masses lie worts, add garlic and holy water, and drop the drink into every drink which he will subsequently
drink,
and
let
him sin^ the psalm, Benti
iinimunlati,
INSTRUCTIONS FOR APPLYING THE ACTUAL CAUTERY For quaternary fever, cauterise and bleed and pain in the hips
From
for
kidney disease
a Manuscript of the XII Century
AXON I.KECHCR AFT
45
and Exurgat, and Salvum me fac, deus ; and then him drink the drink out of a church bell, and the
ma
after
priest
Domini,
sunctt:
the drink sing this over him,
patir omnipotens.
a lunatic
r
let let
costmary, goutweed, lupin, betony,
;
cropleek, field gentian, hove, fennel ; let masses be sung over, let it be wrought of foreign ale and of holy water; let him drink this thick for attorlothe,
nine mornings, at every one fresh, and no other liquid that is thick and still, and let him give alms, and earnestly pray God for his mercies. For the phrenzied; hi.-hopwort.
lupin,
everfern
bonewort,
(Polypodiitin
elecampane, when day and night then sing thou in the church litanies, that is, the names of the hallows or saints, and the Paternoster with the song go thou that thou mayest be near the worts, and go thrice about them, and when thou takest them go to church with the same song, and twelve masses over them, and over all the sini; drinks which belong to the disease, in honour of the j;ithrife,
\.
.
;
twelve apostles."
Other
mentioned
diseases
in
the
leechdoms are
catarrh, dropsy, sciatica, gout, gonorrhoea, elephantia>i-,
and rheumatism.
second part of the Leech Book of Bald occurs remarkable letter which is supposed to have been M-iit frm Helias, the Patriarch of Jerusalem, to King In the
a
Alfred
the
genuine, and a
number
Great.
Cockayne thinks
this
letter
is
especially interesting as mentioning of foreign drugs which were probably to be it
is
found in the Syrian apothecaries' shops of that period. reads as follows 1 1
:
"
It
(balsam)
is
also very
good
in this
wise for cough
and
for carbuncle, apply this wort, soon shall the man be hole. This is smearing
with balsam for
all infirmities
A
letter
which are on King
from
Alfred
a man's body, against fever, and against and against all delusions. Similarly also petroleum is good to drink simple for inward tenderness,
apparitions,
ANGLO-SAXON'LEECHCRAFT
46
and
smear on outwardly on a winter's day, since it much heat hence one shall drink it in winter
to
hath very
;
;
and it is good if for anyone his speech faileth, then let him take it, and make the mark of Christ under his tongue, and swallow a little of it. Also if a man become out of his wits, then let him take part of it, and make Christ's mark on every limb, except the cross upon the forehead, that shall be of balsam, and the other also on the top of his head.
Theriaca is a good drink for all inward tendernesses, and the man, who so recommended behaveth himself as is here said, he may much help himself. On the day on which he will drink theriaca, he shall fast until midday, and not let wind blow on him that day then let him go to the bath, let him sit there till he sweat then let him take a cup, and put a little warm water in it, then let him take a little bit of the theriaca, and mingle with the ;
;
some thin raiment, then drink and let him then go to his bed and wrap himself up warm, and so lie till he sweat well then let him arise and sit up and clothe himself, and then take his meat at noon, three hours past midday, and protect himself earnestly against the wind that day then, I believe to God, that it may help the man much. The white stone (alabaster) is powerful against stitch, and against flying venom, and against all strange calamities thou shalt shave it into water and drink a good mickle, and shave thereto a portion of the red earth, and the stones are all very good to drink of, against all uncouth things. water, and drain through
it,
;
;
;
When
the
fire is
struck out of the stone,
against lightenings and against thunders, delusion of every kind and if a man in his ;
astray, let
soon be It
is
modern
him
treacle
is
gone he will
way."
interesting to note in connection with the use of petroleum emulsion in chest troubles
in the
The
way
strike himself a spark before him,
in the right
that petroleum
ness"
it is good and against
was recommended
winter
in
for " inward tender-
Anglo-Saxon times.
triacle or theriaca referred to is the celebrated
of
Andromicus,
one
of
Nero's
physicians,
AM.I
-
A \ti\
I
IKf HCKAKT
47
which remained famous as an alexipharmic throughout the Middle Ages, and was included in the London Pharmacopoeia until the end of the eighteenth century. J.att -r. in the Book of Bald we find a leechdom in which several drugs of foreign origin, viz. scammony, aminoniacurn, gum-dragon, galbanum, petroleum, and
the theriaca, spelt "tryacle," are again as foil
recommended,
A leechdom; scammony for constipation of the and ammoniac drops for pain in the milt anil stitch, and spices (cinnamon is much aiiministircit) for diarrhoea, and gum-dragon Jru^jfand for foul disordered secretions on a man, their and aloes for infirmities, and galbanum mentioned' in the Leech e ,1 j t for oppression in the chest, and balsam B ook of Bid for all and ng infirmities, petroleum to drink simple for inward tenderness, and to smear outwardly, and a tryacle, that is a good drink, for inwards tendernesses, and the white stone lapis inu. tnls.
i
(rites,
for all strange griefs."
more than one leechdom in the Book of Bald an interesting light is thrown on the weights and measures In
used
in
Thus several decoctions recommended to be given to the "by a spoon measure"; a pint of oil is
medicine at the time.
or wort drinks are patient
described as weighing twelve pence less than a pint of water, that is the Saxon silver penny of :ual
to
our pennyweight.
"And
ed'cf**
d a pint of ale weigheth six pennies more w 'K ht meaiures than a pint of water: and a pint of wine
weigh, th fifteen pennies more than a pint of water: ami a pint of honey weigheth thirty-four pennies more
than a pint of water: and a pint of butter weigheth eighty pennie.s less than a pint of water; and a pint of beer \\eigheth twenty-two pennies less than a pint
and a pint of meal weigheth 115 pennies less than a pint of water; and a pint of beans weigheth fifty-five pennies less than a pint of water: and fifteen ounces of water go to the sextarius." of water:
A DRAWING FROM THE ANGLO-SAXON MANUSCRIPT "Herbarium''
of Apuleius Platonicus
ca. A.D.
1000-1050
Probably representing Apuleius receiving a book containing the secret virtues of herbs from Apollo
AN'
I.
KECHCKAKT
40
CHAPTER V THE "HERBARIUM" OF APULEILS PLATONICUS "
The and
Herbarium of
t
the
"
of
Apuleius Platonicus is the medical manuscripts,
Anglo-Saxon
of the various copies extant, that in the British is the finest. It is a remarkable volume
Museum
vellum, containing a large number of coloured drawings of plants and animals, and is said to have been written between A.D. 1000 and 1050. Apuleius, the author, was not the Rhetorician of Madoura, the author of " The Golden Ass," and it is not definitely known that he was even a S U leech, but it is clear from this treatise that fhe iu th or inscribed on
l
he knew something of the properties " of of ' be "Herbarium plants and was a student of the works of Dioscorides and Pliny. His work may be taken as an early example of the Herbal or Book of Simples for common use which became so popular after the invention of printing. It contains two full-page drawings in colour, the first consisting of a figure supposed to be Apollo, habited in a loose tunic or amice. In his right hand he holds a >[K ar, and in the left a book. Below him a lion, which may probably be intended to
JJ.g e
d'Lw-
in in represent disease, has seized the staff of colour f the spear in his jaws. On his right stands a figure, probably representing Apuleius, who is holding a volume supposed to contain the secrets of the virtues of herbs which he has received from the deity of
healing, and on his left is the figure of a soldier with one hand resting on a shield.
The
other coloured drawing represents /Esculapius
delivering to Cheiron the Centaur and Plato the secrets of medicine. All three are depicted grasping a large volume in plain binding, with a broad tie round the
middle. In the foreground are writhing snakes, and at the back various animals, such as the boar, the wolf, the hare, the roebuck, the bear and the dog, are On the reverse of this folio is a design represented.
TITLE PAG E Of the Anglo-Saxon Manuscript
Herbarium" ca.
of Apuleius Platonicus
A.D.
1000-1050
AM. 1.0 -SAX ON LHBCHCKAFT
in colour consisting of
which " Herbarium." centre of
The
a broad ornamental
inscribed the
is
51
title
treatise itself is divided into
of
fillet,
in
the
the book,
one hundred and
thirty-two chapters, each of which is devoted to the description of a herb, and in most cases a drawing of the same in colour is inserted in the text. The name of the plant and its synonyms, together with an indication
which it is to be found, and also its medicinal properties and uses, are recorded. The drawings, as will be noticed from those reproduced, are exceedingly crude and conventional, and cannot be said to resemble drawings to any extent the natural plant. Some are herbs' treated in a fantastic manner, and the roots are represented by grotesque heads and other figures. of tin- locality in
The work begins with an epitome of the chapters contained in the book, together with the uses of the nentioned therein. The descriptions of the herbs that follow require no special comment, and are similar to those found in other herbals of the period.
The herb
bctony, which was held in such high esteem
in antient times, is described in great detail, credited with many virtues. It is recom-
and was
mended
The herb
ear-, for
uV Virtues'
for
for sores of the eyes, and of the dimness of eyes, for blear eyes, flow of blood from the nostrils, for
1
toothache, for sore loins, for internal injuries, indigestion, as an antidote to poisons, as a cure for intoxication, and
many other purposes. The many antidotes enumerated for snake-bite show that these reptiles were a common source of
danger
m
... m Anglo-Saxon
England
.
times,
Antidotes snake-
for
but the drawings are purely fanciful. L'nder the coloured drawing of a snake is inscribed Against ailder^-bite, take waybread, the wort, rub it into wine, and let the patient eat it." I'ndcr the drawing of a scorpion is a leechdom for consisting of the roots of waybread,
scorpion's-bite,
th^'finoJ
wrltof&knl \>ftf. u-.i
-
THE HERB ARTEMISIA (MUGWORT) Diana
is
here depicted handing the herb
From
a Manuscript of the
X
I
to
Cheiron
Century
ANGLO-SAXON LKBCMCKAKT
53
are directed to be bound on the man, presumably over the wound. Mugwort (.li'ti-inisia pontica) was another herb to which many virtues were attributed by the AngloSaxons, probably from the tradition that Traditions it was first found bv Diana and given to
which
I'heiron the Centaur, properties,
and passed
recommended
who it
discovered
on
to
man.
concerning;
its
mugwort
It is
to " put to flight devil-sickness,
and
for
sore thighs, gout, fevers, soreness of the stomach, and quaking of the sinews." sore
feet,
le.st he become faint, hand, or put it in his shoe, lest he become weary, and when he will gather it, before Tollam te, artemisia, ne sunrise, say these words first la-Mis sim in via, loudly, when thou pullest it up."
un>t a journey over land;
let
him take nuigwort
in his
Another antient Greek legend is revealed account of the herb yarrow (Achilles millefolinm) this wort,
which
is
named
Millefolium,
the
in :
and
in
our language yarrow, it is said that Achilles the chiefand he with this same wort, tain, found it The legend healed them who with iron (the sword) were stricken and wounded. Also for that yarrow :
it is named of some men Achilles. With this wort it is said that he also healed a man whose name was Telephos." Further, in a note on glovewort, or lily-of-the-valley " Of this .illciria majalis) wort," the
reason
:
writer say>. - which
is
named
Apollinaris,
and by another name, glovewort, said that
Brownwort Roman.-,
Engles
called call
by Apuleius
is
o^thl"*"" niy-of-the-
and sculapius, the leech, whence he
Apollo should
give it to .1 it the name."
it
(Ceterach
find
it
ojficinarum),
and
teucrium,
brownwort," for
first
is
also
set
" which
on the
the
recommended
enlargement of the spleen,
Brownwort, spleen
and. accordim; to the writer, its properties were discovered accidentally, in the following curious
manner
:
nprgpuni
nm yili:"! acum rnimt onqi\-t-rr Hi!
!
y v Jiti- put
ifr
JJTT^to :
i
nngr prj-rr
>
hym- Jxm pinir
THE HERB RUE From the Anglo-Saxon Manuscript "Herbarium" of Apuleius Platonicus ca. A.D. 1000-1050
AM;LO-SAXON LEBCHCKAFT
56
"It whilome happened that a man scripa his intotines with the spleen upon this wort; then soon the spleen clave to this wort, and it quickly consumed the spleen for which reason it is also designated as ;
splenium by some men, which in our language is called tin- milt. Hence it is said of the swine which eateth its roots that they are to be found to be without spleen."
Under a drawing representing horned
insects something like
locusts, is the following text
:
lor bite of the worms or creeping An antidote f things which are named tarantulas, take creeping thin K juice of the root of this same wort (earth ivy)
and give
to drink."
"
For violent gonorrhoea the wort purslane recommended, a decoction of the herb A remedy
gonorrhoea
being given to the patient to drink."
The mandrake, around which
is for
clusters
so
many
curious traditions, and which was regarded with such veneration by the antients, is quaintly described by
Ap
ii lei us, as follows " This wort, which is named mandragora, is mickle and illustrious of aspect, and it is beneficial. Thou
shalt
:
in
this
comest to
manner take
it,
when thou
then thou understandest it dra^Tand h * by this, that it shineth at night altogether 7h like a lamp. When first thou seest its according to head, then inscribe thou it instantly with its virtue is so mickle and iron, lest it fly from thee so famous, that it will immediately flee from an unclean man, when he cometh to it hence, as we before said, do thou inscribe it with iron, and so shalt thou delve about it, as that thou touch it not with the iron, but thou shalt f.irne>tly with an ivory staff delve the earth. And when thou seest its hands and its feet, then tie thou it up. Then take the other end and tie it to a neck, so that the hound be hungry; next cast meat before him, so that he may not reach it, except he jerk up the wort with him. Of this wort it is said, it
;
;
wru:
THE HERB MANDRAGORA (M AN DRAK
E)
From the Anglo-Saxon Manuscript "Herbarium" of Apuleius Platonicus ca. A.D. 1000-1050
ANi;i.-s A
XN
I
I
KCHCRAFT
57
hath so mickle might, that what thing soever it up. that it shall soon in the same manner Therefore, as soon as thou see that it be jerked up, and have possession of it, take it immediately in hand, and twist it, and wring the ooze out of its leaves into a glass ampulla, or pitcher, and when need upon thee, that thou shouldest therewith help any man. then help thou him in this manner." that
it
h
.
The and
its
narcotic properties of this drug were recognised use is described as follows :
" For headache, and in case that a man may not take the ooze (juice), smear the forehead; and sleep, the wort also in the same manner relieveth
the headaches; and also thou wonderest how quickly the sleep cometh." . It is
The
rirtues
gor"
recommended also to be administered
for devil-sickness, or insanity, doubtless for the soothing of mania :
"
For witlessness, that
is,
for devil- sickness, or de-
moniacal possession, take from the body of this same wort mandrake, by weight of three pennies, administer to drink in warm water, as he may find most convenient soon he will be healed. ;
spasmodic action of the sinews, take from by weight of one ounce, pound to very small dust, mingle with oil, then smear them that have this aforesaid infirmity. i
the
in for
body of
this wort,
If any see some heavy mischief in his home, let him take this wort mandragora, into the middle of the house, as much of it as he then may have by him, he compelleth all evils out of the house."
"
" Appended to the Herbarium is a short treatise on medicinal plants transcribed from Dioscorides' work on inatcria medica, which is simply an Anglo-Saxon translation from the Greek text, and calls for no special remark.
omen bumf hr*e- d)andia
if normuum-itt-
cns
A'.lt^
.um ;<(f
omiii
.wran
Mlbllo
tioric
tjliif fiu'
itiucr
THE HERB MANDRAGORA (MAN DRAKE) From
a Manuscript of the XII Century
ANt;i.o-s.\ \i>\
I.KKCHCKAFT
CHAPTER
59
VI
THE ",MEDH;INA UE QUADRUPEDIBUS " OF SEXTUS PLACITUS
The
next Anglo-Saxon manuscript of medical interest the treatise entitled " Medicina de Quadrupedibus," a translation of the Latin work on animal materia
is
medica, of which several copies are to be found scattered among the great libraries of Europe. In the Latin manuscripts this treatise is attributed to Sextus Placitus, or Platonicus, who is said to have lived about the fourth century, although some authorities place him at a later period. His name, however, is not
the Anglo-Saxon copy.
.uivt-n in
The book
is divided into fifty-three chapters, each dealing with a different animal, and is illustrated with several fantastic drawings in colour. The text chiefly dealwith the medicinal properties
attributed
to
the
various parts,
organs,
suifsnTnce*
and excrements of the animals mentioned. ^" d ' nndeed This work enjoyed a high degree of popu- b r Sextus larity in antient times, and continued to be copied by the scribes down to the end of the fifteenth century, when, at the beginning of the era of printing, - set up in type, and first printed by Johann I'hilippus de Lignamine, in the year 1480. i
The manuscript begins with aph
:
the following curious
:
"They say that a king of the Egyptians, Idpartus he was highten, boded or sent a tncssittfe of health to the ;
(
>rta\ ianus, his friend,
thus questhing or saving :
am
aware of thy \irtiu-s and prudence, and yet I ween that The mppo.ed thou never earnest to know leechdoms of "betook thus micklc main, or such as I learn are those which we obtained from /Esculapius. I then make it known for thine instruction, and for that \vist thee worthy of this, to wit, that is, of leechcrafts of wild
By many examples
I
I
deer or
,.//
beasts
' ;
as far as
it is
well said."
ANGLO-SAXON
The animals described Animals mentioned in the
treatise
hart, various
L F. E C H C R A F T
in the treatise include the parts and organs of which
were believed to possess medicinal virtues. There are also mentioned the fox, the
hare, the goat, the ram, the boar, the wolf, the lion, the bull, the elephant and the dog.
THE HART From
the Anglo-Saxon Manuscript
Medicina ce Quadrupedibus
o f Sextus Placitus
XI Century
Of the medicinal properties attributed to the various parts of the animals described in the work of Sextus Placitus, very few have any rational foundation, and their supposed virtues are in most cases founded chiefly
1
:
-
1
-
V
\
i
\
LKECHCRAFT
61
on legendary superstition. Thus the hart is recommended in case of a sore head, for which the patient is directed to "drink by weight of five pennies of ashes of hart's horn." Foxgrease is recommended for "sore of ears," a hare's brain in wine for over-sleeping, and for dimness of sight " a hare's gall, mingled with honey, which brighteneth the eyes." The gall of a wild duck is also recommended to improve dimness * r of sight, and the wood-goat's gall, mingled t*on p jn
"
with a
A laid
little
wounds
" carven
rain's lung,
to the
wounds on
same purpose.
wine, for the
for ulcerous
up small, and said to be good for ulcerous
is
sore," the face.
For devil-sickness, and
for ill-sight, the
woir neh
instructed to eat a wolfs flesh, sickness patient \wll dressed, and sodden, and, the leechdom adds, " the apparitions which ere appeared to him. shall not disquiet him." is
To remove
marks from the face it is directed to smear with wolf's blood, " for it taketh " For away all the marks." ugly
Hound
1
*
a remedy
" let the sick drink griping also," says the leechdom, hound's blood, it healeth wonderfully."
For a y) in
\\
man who has
A remedy
work
epilepsy
the falling-sickness to a drink a boar's coitions
ine or in water
;
the drink will heal him."
" For sore of ears it
into the ears
;
;
take fox's loin
good health
FIT the bite of a
mad
will
come
fat,
melt
it,
drop
to him."
dog, the following remarkable
remedy is suggested " Take the worms :
which be under Treatment hound's tongue, snip them away, or md'do e leave them round about a fig-tree give them to him that hath been rent, he will soon be hole." a
mad
;
A curious relic of the antient mythology of the Gothic races is apparent in a leechdom connected with the hound, which reads as follows:
nrtmrrmivpun yrprb jnrp nar&_ nun rnjiwm livprwuu^i j, f _.\
.
.
Ircmplrr^T
;irvnnc-
r>t
}-:iTn;p:inlnv
D
p
ii
litrhi
CTVprnci ^nprtnlnm^Lyiipr
|vtmnRapfyn{ij inru ynpr ^iTnTlublrcm
I
tnrj-up hyryUJiiru^ >
^onrnnpolnnhrytT'|ipr|uT-
'
pun^qiii cncopn Ivrin pip,^ i-lo ITI1rn S r
'
':
']"t
^nv^nnrpiTinn.on|n!llrrjno
imrrnpTfrl rrtftra Tvtin Kr^n
|nx
yvpinn^-
incnt, * wlinrti;; -|>Ji\ vri'in >
>
>"nejnnv|it; J
'
^
THE LION AND THE Ox From "
the Anglo-Saxon Manuscript
Medicina de Quadrupedibus
X
I
"
Century
of
Sextus Placitus
;
,
-SAXuS
I.EBCHCRAFT
"To do away
a dwarf, give to the troubled man to hound pounded to dust and mingled with meal and baked to a cake, ere the hour of the dwarf's arrival, whether by day or by night, it be; his eat thost of a white
1
nv'fff *op Tittb/f i]
Tnnbncvunj'vyi'UTm r~>tot> \\ _I-T Imrr* *v^n ^ UJ\ VCVO o.
-.
1
1
THE COAT From "
the Anglo-Saxon Manuscript
Medici na de Quadrupedlbus
"
of
Sextus Placltus
XI Csnrury
access
is
terribly strong,
and departeth away." According to the
and
after that
it
diminisheth
An antient Gothic mythology, Gothic tradition here mentioned were the concerning disease demons that entered into man epilepsy and caused convulsions, and in this way the name became associated with epilepsy and other convulsive diseases.
the
"
dwarfs
"
pvvp;, mvi. p.iivppnnjlrrv ,-n
mllrf-npip
,
r
W;
f/ >rp|> '^'"H' 1 F ni Pf r
*T^ 17
I
uj
i\-(
if\i
i-u
m
'"nnii,
^'HfM
J'npv >pim--r ri-up.prr
i-nliutU|nrtT"|X'niiK
tiSjTt
o&r j-vju-[PiJ|-T\7n-|-b|iviHl-rupju-i-^iu-iu^l'.rp.-i, f~L yf j
%
|
lu-
hn'|ilir
.
prn|iprrrrrttUun pyp, >vJv
rlr<J]i ^iii7>>'n
,
pm -iftpino
THE APE, THE ELEPHANT AND THE DOG From "
the Anglo-Saxon Manuscript
Medicina de Quadrupedibus
X
i
"
Century
of
Sextus Placitus
The
gall of the bull is
recommended
for obscurity
of the sight, and, finally, powdered ivory, An An the product of the elephant, is directed sxon f*ce ,.
*
_
bemutifier
,1
be applied to the face by the woman who desires to clear her complexion from spots or to
,
,
blemishes.
"OF SCHOOLS
OF MEDICINE"
on Anglo-Saxon medicine " made, viz., Of Schools of of recipes for which consists of a number Medicine," various ailments, with an introduction on he An K l0 This work has now 1oAxon medical doctrines. maniibeen shown to be a translation in part of script, "Of
There
is
one other
treatise
of which mention should be
a Latin treatise by Petrocelus or Petronius, Medicine" a writer of the School of Salerno, who But there is a conlived in the eleventh century. siderable difference between the original treatise and nglo-Saxon leech book, and what few herbs are ,bed in the latter are mainly those that grow in Southern Europe. The book begins with the following interesting epitome of the history of medicine :
"
Here beginneth the book
setting forth for
Aira&wp, that is, the leechcraft was hidden,
Ilrpi
how many years
ami the learned leeches sagaciously investigated about the ascertaining of
it.
his sons /Esculapius
The
earliest
and Asclepios
:;:
;
was Apollo, and and
**
pios was uncle of Hippocrates; these s x nion four earliest invented the building up of
about fifteen hundred years Noah's flood in the days of Artaxerxes,
iicrafts
after
l
'
of
"i story
who was king of the Persians; they revealed the light know that Apollo first invented of the leechcrafts.
We
method a. am,
that
(cauteries) when one and ^sculapius empiricam,
the irons
is,
healeth
men
that
the leechening (or medical use) of leechcrafts, /.'-ic.iw /. that is, the observance /,;../>;;
is,
with
and .WlrpioThe and
writer here
.+".M.ulaj>iu>
knives,
<
makes a curious
error in inferring that Asclepios
were two separate personages.
ANGLO-SAXON LEECHCRAFT
66
of the law
that "
is,
and the
and Hippocrates
life,
theoricam,
the foreseeing of the sicknesses.
Then
Plato
and
Aristoteles,
the
very
learned
followed after these the aforesaid philosophers, leeches, and they said that there are four humours in the human body inasmuch as there are also ;
rainbow (?) that is, the liquid (or phlegm) in the head, and the blood in the breast and the rough
in the
;
;
(or red) bile in the inwards,
the (gall) bladder. three months."
The remainder
and the
And each
of
black bile within
them
ruleth
for
of the treatise consists of a collection
of recipes for various diseases, beginning with those connected with the head, followed by the diseases affecting other
members
One
especially interesting, as
recipe method of
is
of the
body down it
to the feet.
describes a
making a compound ointment of acetate
of lead. "
Thus
shall
one work the salve for
thus shall they be healed.
Take twenty
'
humours,' and
shillings weight
and twenty shillings weight of new lime, and half a sextarius of vinegar, and four P U mtl shillings weight of oil of myrtle, and mingle comp o f the Anglothem together, and rub them thoroughly Saxons up together with the vinegar, and then take some other oil, and mingle therewith and smear of litharge,
'
the sore therewith."
In this treatise there is a notable absence of the magic and incantations that are so frequent in the earlier Anglo-Saxon leechdoms, which shows the influence exerted by the more advanced medical teaching of Southern Europe on the Anglo-Saxon
medicine of a later period.
ANGLO-SAXON LEECIICKAKT
CHAPTER
67
VII
ANGLO-SAXON SURGERY
The references to surgery in the Anglo-Saxon leechbooks are not numerous, but judging from the scattered allusions that are to be found in the manuscripts, it would appear that surgery was not altogether practised as a separate calling. Although Bede mentions that " other than the monk physicians were called and scarify," he gives this class of practitioner, so that in to bleed
no special name to
probably they were prototypes of the barber-surgeon of a later period.
The
usual treatment for a broken head or knock in early times may be gathered Treatment the following leechdom:
from an axe
fmm
" For broken
for a
head take betony, bruise it broken head and lay it on the head above, then it unites the wound and healeth. Again, for the same, take garden cress, that which waxeth of itself, and is not sown, put it in the nose, that the smell and the juice
may get to The use
the head."
of splints was known to the Anglo-Saxon leeches, and that they employed them in cases of fractures is evidenced from the splint* known and .. u ,ed by following .
,.
:
a sinew shrink (that is, when a leg is s*xon broken), and again after that swell, take a she goat's tord, mingle with vinegar, smudge it on, soon tht sine-,*- healeth. In the case of many a man, his feet If
shrink up to his hams, work baths, add tares and cress and small nettle and beewort (Acartis calamus), put hot
stones well heated in a trough, warm the when they are in a sweat,
hams with
the stone bath,
then let him, the patient, duly arrange the Treatment for fracture bones as well as he can, apply a splint, and it is so much the better the oftener a man bathes with the prcpuriitinn. If a sinew have pulsation, mugwort beaten and mingled with oil, and laid on is good. Juice
_
&&**. -71
.
'-.
]\
.
rtuwij-nioi'i
i
;
Inifjis
i7Ji|v!
tosr> RT
l
i
:nTiiinin-
|n-]irrivnv pfi c'ni^rn"
.
,:i\>cni
'
.
TOUU
THE HERB BETONY (B
ISHOPWORT)
From the Anglo-Saxon Manuscript "
Herbarium
"
of Apuleius Platonicus
ca. A.D.
1000-1050
.
ANt, I.n
-SAM'S
I.
ERCHCKAKT
00
I
mugwort mingled with rose
of
soon
quaking be
will the
oil,
smear with
that,
stilled."
For bones that were fractured the following treatment was also prescribed :
the shanks be broken, take bonewort (banwort, (rally interpreted as violet or pansy), pound it, pour tin- white of an egg out, mingle these together for the man whose shanks are broken. '
If
a broken limb, lay this salve on the broken limb, and overlay with elm rind, apply a splint again always renew these till the limb be healed. Clean some elm-rind, and boil it thoroughly, then Leechdom for * remove thr rind, take ground linseed and broken nmb brew it up with the drink (decoction) of elm. That shall be a good salve for a broken limb." I
>i
;
Amputation was performed when gangrene set in, and may be gathered from the following:
the treatment If
a
man have
or hand,
boiled, lay
off, be it finger, foot, out, take sheep's marrow to the other marrow, bind it very well at
the
if
it
a limb cut
marrow be
night."
As a
wounds, honey appears to have been employed, but is directed to be specially
dre.-Mi:^ for
k'eiu Tally
pn -pared by first warming before the fire, and then mixing it with a little salt thus:
Honey as
"For
dressing
;
clean-ing of a honey, warm it at the
wound take fire,
then put
clean it
in
a
clean vessel, add salt to it, and stir it till thickness of pottage, smear the wound with rleanseth it."
it it,
is
the
then
it
It is worthy of note that cleanliness is specially enjoined in the above preparation, not only in connection with the honey itself, but also with
Antiquity which it is to be placed. That formed an antiseptic prodressing* lection to the wound, there can be no dmil>t. The antiquity of the use of honey as a dressing ti>r wounds goes back to a very early period, and a
thr vessel in
this preparation
INSTRUCTIONS FOR APPLYING THE ACTUAL CAUTERY For gout, cut and cauterise in the
knees
for
hernia
for swellings
an operation for haemorrhoids
From
a Manuscript
ca. A.D.
1
150
and pains
AMGLO-BAXON LBECHCRAFT
71
knowledge of its antiseptic properties was possessed by the Assyrians many centuries before the Christian was recommended by Hippocrates, and It of the early Greek physicians, in the treatment of wounds. I
m what may be gathered from the leechdoms, An^lo-Saxon leech does not appear to have employed mechanical methods for reducing r e * di>locations, but in such cases, apparently, fo r c a t ed 8 applied an ointment, as described in the ^j, der th<
1
,
following
:
" If the shoulder get
apply
;i
little
warm
up out of place, take the salve, with a feather; it will soon be well
with the man."
This salve consisted of yarrow, woodruff, fieldmore,
and solwherf (probably marigold), boiled in good and -trained through a cloth. For a fractured
skull
...directed
the leech
butter,
to Leecndom
is
.
for fractured
betony and lay it on the skuii wound frequently, "till the fragments of the bone come away, and the wound is mended."
pound
T a prolapsed bowel, the following treatment
i
I
k'reen
is
directed: "
man's bowel be out, pQuntl galluc, wring through warm from tpe cow, wet thy hands therein, and put hack the bowel Treatment into the man, sew up with silk, then boil proiapsu* him for nine mornings galluc, that is, row/re v, except need be for a longer time, feed him with fresh hens flesh." 1
a
1
a cloth into milk
had acquired some degree of immay be gathered from the fact that an operation for opening an abscess of the liver is described in the Leech Book operation That
MirKt-rv
portance, however,
of
for
-
"
mbmc lier
of the
n>itiveness, and hardness of the " says the writer, various lotions and fomentations are first to be employed, but in case of swelling and I
oc
liv.-r."
ANGLO-SAXON LRRCHCRAFT
when
73
the pus mounts up to that degree that it may for one to cut into it, then let it out."
seem possible
The
operation
itself is
described as follows
:
-
First make a salve of culvers' (pigeons) dung and the like, and bathe the part with water and the worts before spoken of.
When
thou
understandest
that
the
swelling
is
and mild, then touch thou it with the cutting iron, and cut a little and cleverly, so that the blood may come out, lest an evil pouch (or sinus) descend in thither. Do not let too much blood at one time, lest the sick man become too languid growing
soft,
or die; but when thou dost prick or cut it, then have a linen cloth ready that thou
Method a
of
wound
soon bind up the cut therewith wilt again let more, draw the cloth off, let it out a little at a time till it gets dry. And when the wound is clean, then enlarge it that the thirl (or aperture) be not too narrow but do thou every day syringe through it with a tube, and wash it out by those means after that, lay thereon what may cleanse the wound. If it turn very impure, cleanse it with niayest
;
and when thou
;
;
honey and draw "
When
it
again together."
the insensible hardness of the liver
long duration, then bored."
it
is
of too
forms a dropsy which cannot be
Payne, commenting on this observation, remarks: "This evidently refers to cirrhosis of the liver with ami i- remarkable because long after this, and .
up
to
the iat
seventeenth century, the prevalent belief diopsy caused hardening of the internal of being caused by it." 1
No
description of this operation is recorded by any or Latin author, so it would appear that it recount-, the actual experience of a contemporary
An^lo-Saxon leech.
Another interesting description of an operation is that for hare-lip, which is given as follows:
Atbuif
oarfaa* fic.ora
ANGLO-SAXON LEECHES OPERATING ON THE AND FOR NASAL POLYPUS From
a.
Manuscript
ca. A.D.
1150
EYI
ANGLO-SAXON LEKCHCRAFT
75
" For hare-lip, pound mastic very small, add the white of egg, and mingle as thou dost vermilion [this seems to mean as vermilion is mixed with white of egg for painting. In the old An operation
painting for decoration of books, white of hre-u p .is the medium chiefly employed], cut 1
with a knife, sew fast with silk, then smear without and in with the salve, ere the silk rot. If it draw together,
arrange
The Hook
with the hand; anoint again soon."
it
following curious leechdom
given in the Leech
is
of Bald: "
" If a
man's head pan or skull be seemingly gelenked word is rendered by Cockayne as "iron[the bound," and it probably means that his head became The fixed, and he was unable to turn it] remedy directed is "to lay the man with ^pe^tjon* face upwards, drive two stakes into the ground at the armpits, then lay a plank across his feet, then strike on it thrice with a sledge-beetle, the skull latter
.
will
come
right soon."
Payne interprets the word
"
"
as meaning a rigidity of the neck, or dislocation of the cervical vertebrae. Whatever may be the exact interpretation of it. there is little doubt that the heroic treatment
gelenked
must have been far from pleasant for the
ted
>uHerer.
That
actual cautery or blistering rod was used by the Anglo-Saxon leech is evidenced, not only from the references in the leechdoms, but also from contemporary drawings, reproduced in thi> work, which show the form of the actual
the
e.\teii>i\-ely
instrument, and the methods of
its
employ-
cmuter '
m iit. It was apparently used in the preliminary treatment of a variety of diseases, from gout to headache. Its employment is referred to in the leechdoms as follows: f the edges of the wound are too high (granulations?) run them round with a hot iron very lightly, so that the 1
skin
may
whiten."
CAUTERY INSTRUCTIONS FOR APPLYING THE ACTUAL the spleen-for For breathing and dyspnoea-for the liver-for pain in the kidneys
From
a Manuscript
ca. A.D.
1150
.-..\\.is
1.
EBCHCRAFT
Venesection is also frequently mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon leechdoms, but more importance appears to have been placed upon the time at which venesection the patient should be bled than on the operation itself. It is prescribed as the in cases of paralysis. Bit
first
treatment
eding was practised with the lancet, the cuppingand the scarifier.
glass or horn,
Thus, for a paralysis, blood
is
directed to be
drawn
"
with a cupping-glass or horn from the sore deadened places," and scarifying is alluded to as follows : "
Scarify the neck after the setting of the sun, pour blood into running water, after that spit
in silence the
three times, then say, Have thou this *' Sc.rificatton uiTiTi unheal, and depart away with it ; go a^ain on a clean way to the house, and go either way '
'
in silence."
Leech Book of Bald the following minute down as to the time at which the patient should be bled, together with the methods of In the
directions are laid
treatment for staunching haemorrhage in connection therewith :
"
On what
what
season blood-letting is to be foregone, on be practised. Blood-letting is to be foregone nights ere Lammas (August i), and after it for
to
and thirty nights, since then all venomous things and much injure men. Leeches who were wisest, have taught, that in that Anglo-Saxon month no man should either drink a potion ^"o'the* drink, nor anywhere weaken his body, ex- prop" seasons for cept there were a necessity for it; and that biood-ietting five
rty
in
that case, he during the middle of the
day should remain within, since the lyft, or air, is then most mingled and impure. The Romans for this reason, and all south folk, wrought to themselves earth houses, for the boiling heat and venomousness of the lyft (the Italian sirocco). Also leeches say that blossomed worts are then best to work, either for drinks, or for salves, or
INSTRUCTIONS FOR APPLYING THE ACTUAL CAUTERY For toothache
From
for tertian fever
a Manuscript of the
for
dropsy
XII Century
ANGLO-SAXON LEKCHCKAFT
for dust.
Here
is set
forth
how a man
79
shall forego blood-
on each of the six fives in the month, and when it is best. Leeches teach that no man on the five nights old moon, and again on the ten nights old, and fifteen nights old, and twenty, and five and twenty, and on the thirty nights old moon, should let blood, but betwixt each of the six fives: and there is no time for bloodletting
good as in early Lent, when the evil humours are gathered which be drunken in during winter, and on the kalends of April best of all, when trees and worts letting so
first
up sprout, when the
evil ratten waxeth, and the the hulks, or hollow frame-works, of the If a lancet wound grow corrupt in a man, then
evil blood, in
body. take mallow leaves, boil them in water, and bathe therewith, and pound the netherward part of the wort ; If thou wilt stop blood running in an incision, lay on. take kettle soot, rub it to dust, shed it on the wound. A^'aiii, take rye and barley balm, burn it to dust; if thou may not staunch a blood-letting wound, take a new horses tord, dry it in the sun, or by the fire, rub it to dust thoroughly well, lay the dust very thick on a linen cloth, tie up for a night the blood-U-tting wound with that. If thou may not staunch a gushing vein, take that same blood which runneth out, dry it on a hot stone and rub it to dust, lay the dust on the vein, and tie up If in blood-letting a man cut upon a sinew, strong.
mingle together wax, and pitch, and sheeps' grease, lay on a cloth, and on the cut."
ANGLO-SAXON LEECH INSTRUCTING AN ASSISTANT THE PREPARATION OF MEDICINE From ca.
a Manuscript
A
D.
1
150
IN
ANGLO-SAXON LBBCHCRAFT
CHAPTER
81
VIII
ANGLO-SAXON PHARMACY AND HERB-LORE
The Anglo- Saxons, as already stated, drew their materia medica chiefly from the herbs that grew around them, and their knowledge of herb-lore, or "wortcunning," must have been considerable.
down
to
past ages,
It had come them from the accumulated traditions of and from the earliest of their manuscripts
connected with the art of healing it is evident that they cultivated herbs for medicinal purposes, and had a practical
knowledge of gardening.
In their gardens were to be found rue, hyssop, fennel, mustard, elecampane, celandine, lupin, flax, rosemary, coriander, savin, and many other worts, '~ s * xon whose properties they had studied and whose ft virtues they had proved. These they used From the freshly gathered and also in the dried state. latter we have the origin of the word drug, which was derived from the Anglo-Saxon word "drigan " to dry. It
is
also evident that besides their
own
extensive
had a fair knowledge of Roman botany and medicine, which came into this country with the Roman missionaries, and formed ^""'un on a natural accompaniment to their religious s * on n * mes f infraction. There are indications in the Anglo-Saxon herb vocabularies which support this presumption, which is confirmed by a comparison of the following plant names between which there is herb-lore, they
evident similarity
:
Anglo-Saxon
Latin
English beet
bete
beta
cummin
cymen
cuminum
trnnel
finul
lettuce
lactuce
fceniculum lactuca
radish
raedic
radix
rose
rose
rosa
rue
rude
ruta
!
.MCVJ-
;.
M^
-prlimif'i
iV
'
:'
THE HERB SOLAGO MAJOR Used against snake-bite
From "
the Anglo-Saxon Manuscript " Herbarium of Apuleius Platonicus ca. A.D.
1000-1050
ANGLO-SAXON I.F.KCHCRAFT
83
The few drugs of foreign origin that are mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon leechdoms, viz. scammony, Drugs of aloes, galbanum, frankincense, mastich,
ammomacum, cinnamon,
pepper,
,
myrrh,
foreign origin
vermilion, oxymel, quicksilver, pumice, sulphur and petroleum, are all taken from
ginger,
Greek sources. In connection with Anglo-Saxon herb-lore it is worthy many of the worts employed by them a thousand years ago are still used in medical practice the present day. Thus, the modern medical at
of note that
still henbane, prescribes colchicum, camomile, lily-of-the-valley, m;ir>h-mallow, horehound, white poppy, r
practitioner
,
,.
.
tnticum
hop,
celandine,
rue,
pennyroyal,
coriander,
wormwood,
fennel,
dill,
repens,
savin,
" er
u
d
y An K ," Saxons and employed
to-day
marjoram,
hellebore, foxglove, liquorice,
dog-rose, serpentary and stavesacre, the properties of which for destroying pediculi were recognised by the Anglo-Saxons. elder,
violets,
On the other hand, some herbs that were regarded by the Anglo-Saxons with great veneration and reverence for their medicinal properties, are now almost forgotten.
The
virtues,
common
betony,
for
was credited with extraordinary and was recommended in no less
inst;ince,
*" d
VaVn
e
than twenty-nine different diseases, but it has now sunk entirely into oblivion. Vervain (Verbena officiclusters so many legends and m
"Against
all
poisons take dust of this same wort,"
states the leechdom, "it is said that sorcerers use for their crafts."
it
Strangely enough, this plant, which is still commonly found in Norfolk, is used in the same way to-day.
-
v
,
:"
J;
111311
pcotulopjpn ^nno|iiVir,"CaV "
4*'
lu'imuio Tr^*i'jt v
V.VV1H1V1
>]r.-
^
,Url.frvprm>l
'
D^^V'X
VviT-^r"r-
'^X^ 3-
*
>
\\"
'\' T
,
r
iLn,.'-^*
1
l?fr. ,
THE HERB MECONIA (WHITE POPPY) From the Anglo-Saxon Manuscript "Herbarium" of Apuleius Platonicus ca. A.D.
1000-1050
ANGLO-SAXON LEKCHCRAFT
85
Only a few years ago a child was brought to a hospital East Norfolk, suffering from strumous ulcerations, with a charm formed from verbena root suspended from the neck. It has now ceased to be used as a medicinal agent, and its oil is employed chiefly in
in
the blending of perfumes.
The Anglo-Saxon name
for the
common
house-leek
was " sinfull," and it is curious to find in the " Herbarium " of Apuleius a leechdom h Uri which is still commonly used in some Jf fh e no"**-'*** parts of England at the present time for ointment troublesome bed-sores. Thus we read :
" For
all gatherings of the ill-humour from the body, take this wort, which is named semper vivum, and by
name, sinfull, and lard, and bread, and pound all together in the manner in which thou wouldst work a poultice, and lay it to the sore."
another
coriander,
Contrary to the statement made by Payne, the knowledge of pharmacy possessed by the Anglo-Saxon leeches was by no means small, as may be judged from the various methods of preparing medicines for administration, described in the leechdoms.
For extracting the properties of herbs for internal employed chiefly wine, vinegar, or beer, and
use, they
as a basis for their ointments they used butter, lard
and
goat's grease.
There that the cy
'tit
iral
is also evidence in the medical manuscripts Anglo-Saxon leeches employed certain pharmaimplements in preparing their medicines.
Tlu'v used a press to express the juice of n tV(-h worts, and also that most antient of Jh /r all pharmaceutical implements, the mortar, ceutic implements for reducing solid substances to powder. l
m^"
n
1
'
In one leechdom
it
is
interesting to note that
the
wooden mortar is termed a " treen," probably so called because it was hollowed out of the trunk of a tree.
The
simplest and most common method of adminiswas in the form of a simple decoction
tering a wort
ANGLO -SAXON LEECHCRAFT
86
made with water, beer, or wine, as instanced in the following leechdoms :
1.
"
Take
roots of betony, seethe them in water to the " third part (evaporating two thirds of the
Anglo-Saxon pharmacy
water\ "
2.
drachms weight,
Take
of the
same wort by three it to him to
boil in water, then give
drink." " 3.
Take
roots of ashthroat and pound them then in hot wine give to drink."
:
boil
;
Decoctions
.
*
employed
dust,
give
to drink."
it
The
"fake mugwort and pound it to and mix it with new beer, and
pill
was
also a
Thus
Pills used
"
known medium
for administration.
:
Let the
man on whom may
be water-
addle or dropsy, swallow goats' grease squeezed to pills,
and
let
him drink therewith cold water."
The
poultice
was
another
common method
medication, as instanced in the following leechdom
of :
i. "If for thee thy throat be sore, or any ar swere (neck) take the same p thy ' known wort (betony) and knock (pound) it very small, lay it on the swere, then it will cleanse it both
Poultices
within and without." 2. "If any stiffness come upon the body, take wood dock and old swine lard and the crumb of an overbaked loaf pound together in the manner in which one makes a poultice, lay it to the sore, ;
Expressed juices of P lants
employed
ft
healeth wonderfully."
In
cases the expressed juice of the J r JJ for direct adminisused
many
ri_i_tl was
fresh herb
and dusting powders, made by finely levigating various seeds, were used to cool the surface f the skin Ointments
tration,
"
used
Ointments with a basis of lard or butter
were employed as external applications, thus
:
ANGLO-SAXON LBBCHCRAFT "
For
pound
87
wounds take waybread, the wort, on lard without salt, lay it on the wound, he (the patient) be soon hole."
heats of it
then will
Some worts were dried and then administered in the form of a simple powder. Thus :
"
For sore of
liver take
on midsummers day the same
wort (ashthroat) and rub it to dust. Take then five spoons full of the dust and three draughts of good wine mix them together and give this to the sick man ;
to drink."
An embrocation swellings .. follOWS:
or liniment for sore sinews and to be prepared as Embroca-
directed
is
..
"
tions
known
Take
well boiled,
The
pound
artemisia,
it
apply
it
well with
hereto,
oil,
heals wonderfully."
it
was another form
of external application employed by the Anglo-Saxon leeches. In this manner the wort called fiveleaf was applied plaster
:
"If thou
wilt
blind
a
cancer
or
its
prevent
discharging, take then fiveleaf the wort, seethe it in wine, and in an old barrow know"* pigs' grease
without
work it
to a plaister, soon will heal."
salt,
mix
all
then lay
The Anglo-Saxons were aware of the henbane, which " hennebelle " or " belene."
ties
tion
of
obscure.
bane
is
the
In
former
name
together,
it
on the wound, then
of the narcotic properto them as
was known
The is
deriva-
somewhat anVthe"'
some antient herbals henHerba Symphonica," a
called "
*
r
of its
non name
symphonica being a rod, with small bells upon it. It probable, therefore, that from this word the AngloSaxon name " hennebelle " was derived.
is
An iquiy For sore ears it is recommended to of the us." take of henbane of and warm this same wort juice it, drop it into the ear; it in a wonderful
manner puts
to flight the sore of the ears,
likewise though there be
worms
in
it,
kills
and
them."
also
" r"^
-I
I
-.;
.
pn-lmf:
rnrionymr
in:
ytr^i
.
'
i
!ryo
.flu,
rnl |xnm Im'
i-rjvn v^rtr^HH'n. pTit*vjtr TTnpriiTn^p(
I'l'Tj-up-
niTK tiTiT>r
'
.
THE HERB HENNEBELLE (HENBANE) From the Anglo-Saxon Manuscript "Herbarium" of Apuleius Platonicus ca. A.D. 1000-1050
:
!'
'*>' I
"V
ANGLO-SAXON LEBCHCRAFT
80
Henbane was employed by the Babylonians, 4000 It is not, therefore, B.C., to relieve toothache. surprising to find that the Anglo-Saxons recommended it for the same purpose. " For sore of the teeth take roots of the same wort
years
;
seethe in strong wine; let (the patient) sip it so warm and hold it in his mouth soon it will heal the sore of ;
teeth."
The demulcent vulfrire)
properties of horehound (Marrubium were also known to the Anglo-Saxon leeches,
and
thus prescribed
it is
"For
colds in the
:
head; and
in
case a HorehoundP
inan breaks heavily (makes great efforts to ties kno^rn clear his throat of phlegm), take this wort, which the Romans call marrubium, and also the Kiii;lish call it
to drink to
horehound, seethe it that break heavily
them
;
in water, give it will heal them
it
wonderfully." "
For lungs disease take this same wort, seethe it honey, give it to swallow, he will be wonderfully healed" a remedy which is often used in country places in England to-day for bronchial troubles. ;
in
;
Another method of medication used by the AngloSaxons was that of fumigation, and in this " way dwarf dwosle, or pennyroyal (Mentha fajJVo^Vd puli'gium), was employed: " For the tertia, or a fever, which cometh on a man on the third day, take twigs of this same wort, and fold them up in wool, incense (fumigate) the patient before the time when the fever will be upon him."
A child
quaint but doubtful method of soothing a cross is given in the following leechdom :
Anglo-Saxon
" If
any child be vexed, then take smear- method of wort and smoke it with this then wilt thou lol child ;
render
it
the gladder."
The Anglo-Saxons even had sickness, and as follows:
this
distressing
their remedy for seamalady is referred to
ANGLO-SAXON LEECHCRAFT
90
" If
any thole (endure) nausea on
d
sVasi ckness
ship- board,
let
him take the same wort (pulegium) and wormwood, let him pound them together with oil and with vinegar let him smear ;
himself therewith frequently."
The medicated bath was another method of treatment employed by the Anglo-Saxons which survives to the present day. The medi-
por
cated bath used
thighs,"
ac he of loins and sores of the we are told to " take this same
wort pulegium and pepper, of either alike weight pound them together, and when thou be in the bath smear therewith where it most
much by
;
troubleth."
The
cerate, a
stiff
ointment prepared with wax, a
form of pharmaceutical preparation often used in the eighteenth century, was also known, as instanced in the following leechdom :
"
Work
a salve thus, and smear the sore places seethe rue in oil, add parsley, if thou e have it, and roots of rushes, and poppy ~"*^ ed after all is sodden, then add wax to the oil, in order that the whole may become a nesh (soft) ;
;
waxen cake." Lastly,
it
may
nasal bougie was
method
surprise
some
to learn that even the
known
to the
Anglo-Saxon leech, the
of preparation being as follows
:
"
For the extreme flow of blood from the nostrils, take this same wort (betony) and knock (pound) it, and mix thereto some portion of salt, and Nasal take then as much as thou mayest up in bougies
two put
it
fingers,
work
it
into roundness,
and
into the nostrils."
From the extracts given it will be noticed that the knowledge of pharmacy possessed by the Anglo-Saxon leeches was of no mean order, and that many forms of medication employed by them are still in use at the present day.
A
s.l
..--
AXON LEBCHCKAFT
CHAPTER
01
IX
ANGLO-SAXON METHODS OF HEALING BY CHARM AND INCANTATION
number
Although a considerable
of
charms and
are intermixed with the Anglo-Saxon leechdoms, the proportion is really small as compared with those found in the early Greek works on medicine. incantations
In considering these practices in connection with the art of healing, we must bear in mind the idea prevalent at the time as to the causation of disease. In
Anglo-Saxon period, as in many other was supposed to be
Kn.^land, in the
disease
countries,
of Angio-son caused bv the entrance into the bodv * belief as evil spirits, and the treatment to the resorted to was naturally one that would ""sea's" be most likely to rid the body of these obnoxious intruders. To this end, invocations to the unseen power were employed either alone or in conjunction with some material treatment in the form
demons or
Witches, and other beings believed to possess the power of the evil eye, were also credited with exerting a malevolent influence on the human
of medicine.
body, and
with
the
ability
to
cause sickness and
disease.
\\V have a reference leechdom
to
this
in
the
following
:
"
When any man
will begin a journey, let him take hand the herb artemisia, and have it with him, then he will not be much """i.y "fatigued in his journey, and it also drives sickness in and the house evfl sicknesses, away where it is kept it hinders evil cures, and also it averts the eye of evil men." in his
Fevers, more particularly, were attributed to these causes, and in this class of disease treatment by incantation
and charm was frequently recommended. For the Leech Book of Bald, the following
instance, in
remedy
is
prescribed for ague:
AS <*TttAun4f
Urt
e
INSTRUCTIONS FOR APPLYING THE ACTUAL CAUTERY For sciatica
From
for quotidian fever
a Manuscript of the XII Century
LEECHCRAFT
.LO-SAXON
93
A drink against spring diseases (i.e. Ague), Feverfue, the herb ram's gall (Menyanthes) fennel, waybroad.
man
many masses
over the put holy water ^,7*1^"' on them, boil very thoroughly, let the sick man drink a large cupful as hot as he may, before the disorder be upon him name the four Gospellers and a charm and a prayer. Matheus 4-|- Marcus Lucas -+- Johannes +, intercedite pro me. Tiecon,
Let a
sing
them with
worts, wet
ale,
;
+
+
+
'
+
"
Leleloth patron, adiurovos.' " In nomine domini sit Again, a goodly prayer. benedictum Berenice Beronicen, et habet in vestimento ct in heinore suo scriptum rex regum et dominus '
doininantium " I>!
'
"
!
Again a goodly prayer.
'
In
nomine
sit
benedictum
;
KKETH HAND THIN, DEERETH HAND "
THIN. Thine hand vexeth, The name " Leleloth " is drity.
and
in
the
thine
hand
vexeth.'
name of an Arabian " second prayer the name " Berenice the
and the legend of the Sacred Handkerchief, which received the impression of Christ's head.
refers to St. Veronica
Another curious example of a leechdom for fever
is
as follows: linst
fever disease:
A man
the sacramental paten, and with holy water,
wash
shall write this it
upon
off into the drink
+ + + A + + + + + CD + + + + + + + + + and >ing over it, In principio erat verbum,' etc., In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.' (John i, i). '
'
chrm the writing off the dish into then sing the Credo, and **!"' the Pater Noster and this lay Beati immaculati, the Psalm; (Ps. cxix) with the twelve
Then wash the
drink,
:
prayer '.sal ins. I adjure you,' etc. And let each of the two men (the leech and the sick) then sip thrice of the water so prepared." '
1
NGLO-SAXON LBBCHCRAFT
A
There
is
Irish origin,
a curious charm, which
mentioned
in the
96
evidently of
is
Leech Book of Bald
to
.-launch blood:
"To
staunch blood; some write thon, struth, fola, aergrenn
i.
charm
this,
Celtic
tart,
hmor rh
P
Ee
struth on, tria," etc. (about thirty intelligible words are given). These words, or something like them, occur in several charms.
"For flying venom and every venomous swelling, (probably for epidemic diseases and for the bubonic plague) on a Friday churn butter which has been milked from a neat or hind all ^g"^ t of one colour; and let it not be mingled p' demic diseases with water. Sing over it nine times a lit.-uiy, and nine times the Pater Noster, and nine times this incantation :
"Acrae, aercrae, aernem, nadre, aercuna, hel, aernem, aeradspice," etc. That the author of Bald's Leech book was not without a sense of humour may be gathered from the following leechdoms: " that
Some is,
teach against bite of adder to speak one word, it may not hurt him."
" Paul "
;
"
Against bite of snake, if the man charm* procures and eats rind which cometh out tnak"bite of Paradise, no venom will damage him. Then said he that wrote this book that the rind was hard to be gotten."
Some
charms given in the Anglo-Saxon and said to be mostly of Christian origin, are those which are directed to be repeated or given in the narrativr form. These recur with many variants, curious
'loms,
but the following
may be
taken as examples Christus super mariiiornim sedebat; Petrus tristis ante eum -tabat. iiianum ad maxillam tenebar; et Charm
"Contra
intrrrogabat eum es Petre ?
tristis
dixit,
:
dolorem dentium
Doininc,
Dominus
dicens, quare toothVche
Kespondit denies mei
Petrus dolent,
et
et
Dominus
ANGLO-SAXON LEECHCRAFT
96
dixit
Adiuro
;
patrem
te
vel gutta maligna per spiritum sanctum et per caelum et ordines angelorum et per LX
migranea
et filium et
et per XX prophetas et per XII apostolos et per IV evangelistas, ut non possit diabolus nocere ei nee in &c dentes nee in aures, nee in palato famulo dei," etc.
terrain
Another charm of this character is specially init is used against smallpox, with which, as has already been stated, the AngloCharm Saxons were familiar teresting, as
:
against smallpox
F or
Sanctus Nicasius habuit
poccas.
minutam et rogavit Dominum ut quicunque nomen suum portaret scriptum .... Sancte Nicasi presul et martir egregie ora pro me N. peccatore et ab hoc morbo tua intercessione me defende. Amen." " St. Nicasius
had the small variola, and asked of whoever should carry his name written .... St. Nicasius, bishop and martyr, pray for me N. a sinner, and by thy intercession defend me from
God Oh
that
!
this disease."
Another charm of
this
character
makes mention
name of Longinus, the traditional name of soldier who pierced the side of Christ on the
the
of
the
Cross "
:
For a
stitch.
Write a cross of Christ, and sing words and a Pater Noster
thrice over the place these "
:
Longinus miles lancea ponxit sanguis et recessit dolor." "
Longinus, the lance,
Charm
for
Dominum
et restitit
soldier, pierced our Lord with a and the blood stopped and the pain
ceased."
healing
This charm was much in favour down Middle Ages, for healing wounds and staunching blood, and is to be found repeated
wounds
to the
by Gilbertus Anglicus,
in his
Compendium
of Medicine.
That the Anglo-Saxons employed amulets
in
the
form of the hearts of animals, plants, precious stones,
ANGLO-SAXON LEBCHCKAFT
and other objects to ward off disease, is evident from of the leechdoms in the Book of Bald. Thus: I
catch a fox, strike off the is alive, bind (the amulets" tooth) in a fawn's skin have it upon thee." >r
onfall,
him while he
tu-k i"n>m
;
For a headache
is
it
recommended
lower part of the crosswort, put him bind the head therewith."
it
to "take the on a red fillet, let
" For the same Delve up waybread without iron, ere the rising of the sun, bind the roots about the head with crossworts by a red fillet. He will soon be well. :
maw of young swallows and mind that they touch neither
the same: Seek in the
i
some
for
little
stones,
earth, nor water, nor other stones;
look out three of
them sew up three of them in what thou wilt, and put them on the man that hath need he will soon be well. They are good for headache and eye-troubles, and for temptations of the fiend, and for night visitors (goblins), and for spring disease (ague), and for nightmare, and for fascination, and for evil incantations. They must be big nestlings in which thou shalt find ;
;
them. "
For swollen eyes Take a live crab, put his eyes and put him alive again into water, and put the eyes upon the neck of the man who hath need. He :
out, will
soon be well."
For a fever the patient is recommended to " take the ripe foot-shank of a dead black hound, hang it on the arm.
It
shaketh
off the fever."
It was a common belief in connection with magical medicine at this period that a disease might be transferred from the sufferer to some animal or object, which was then to be driven away He "K f diee by _, or buried, l he running brook was some- transference used for this purpose, as in the East The object to which the disease was transto-day. ferred was floated on a running stream, and so got rid ,
.
ANGLO-SAXON LEECHCRAFT
96
An
of.
instance of
leechdom "
this
is
cited in the
following
:
For Blaece (some kind of skin
disease).
Take
goose-grease, and the nether end of
helenium. and viper's bugloss, bishopswort, and hayrife pound the four worts well together, wring them, add thereto a spoonful of old soap if you have it, mingle thoroughly a little oil, and at night lather it on. Scarify the neck after the setting of the sun, pour silently the blood ;
into running water. "
For
onfall. Take, to begin, a hazel or an elder write thy name thereon, cut three scores, and the name with thy blood throw it over thy shoulder
stick fill
;
;
or between thy thighs into running water, and stand Cut the scores and do all this in over the man. silence.
"For
flying
venom
air-borne infection). Make the four
Make
quarters of heaven. it
(i.e.
strokes with a oaken brand towards
four
away and
Charm fcfec'tious
diseases
the brand bloody, throw
sing this three times
:
+ Matheus me ducat + Marcus me + Lucas me liberet + Johannes me adiuvet semper. Amen.
conservat.
Contrive (contere) Deus oninem malum et nequitiam per virtutcm patris et filii et spirifus sancii sanctifica me Emanuhel ihs xps
libera
me ab omnibus
invidiis inimici
benedicto domini super caput potens Seus in omni tempore.
"
Matthew, lead
me! John,
me
!
meum. Amen.'
Mark, preserve
me
me
!
Luke,
Lord, crush all evil and wickedness by the power of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, etc."
deliver
assist
ever!
In one of the Anglo-Saxon medical manuscripts there are the following curious lines relating to the properties of mugwort, which was held in such high
esteem by the leeches.
ANGLO-SAXON LKBCHCKAFT "
90
Thou art good against venom, And against vile things that fly, Mighty against the loathed ones That rove through the land."
These lines are very remarkable, as they clearly show that the Anglo-Saxon leeches attributed certain infectious diseases to something that was ~s* carried by the air, and seem to foreshadow ^"f f the germ theory of disease. With reference ''-><>" infection '
f
f
to this subject, the following account of the herb wergulu, which was probably the nettle, worthy of note: "
is
also
This is the wort which wergulu night; This did the seal send
Over the
sea's ridge
Of other poison The malice to mend. These nine plants 'Gainst nine poisons.
A worm came sneaking, It bit
a man.
Then took up Woden Nine wondrous twigs. He smote the nadder Till
it
flew in nine bits,
There did apple and poison Bring about that
it (sc.
the nadder)
Nevermore entered house."
The
allusion to the legend of Woden, with his nine twigs, is evidently of Scandinavian origin.
wondrous
In the foregoing pages it has been our endeavour to sketch a picture of the Anglo-Saxon leech and his craft, from which may be traced the origin of the medical art in England. The 'nciuion
he so carefully gathered foundation of English medicine, and formed the basis of the herbals or books on medicine which had so great a popularity throughout the Middle that
ht T!> -lore
became
the
Ages down
to the
end of the seventeenth century.
100
ANGLO-SAXON LEECHCRAFT
From
a careful survey of the remnants of the medical have come down to us from the time of King Alfred, one must conclude that the Anglo-Saxon leeches also had some training beyond simple experience, and that they believed in the efficacy of their native herbs, whose properties they so assiduously studied. Further, it may be said to these early practitioners of medicine, who first made and recorded their observations on the effect of the remedies they employed on the human body, we owe much of our knowledge of the vegetable drugs used in medical practice at the literature that
:
present day.
THE 'WELLCOME' MATERIA MEDICA FARM
GOLDEN SEAL An
(Hydrastis cctnadensis)
Hydrastis canadensis) grown under natural hedge* and trees.
experimental crop of Hydrastis ji.iilrcl
l>y
101
i
DIGITALIS IN FLOWER rUfitalit
m
furfun*
is
obtain-
"I'i..irri'ully-M'lcctcl wild pl.uit-..
t
any
the type being struck out. Great t.in- is i.ikn: drjnn; the leavr-. without which their medicinal activity wuulil a
ely affected. -. lor HUghled. faded or defective leave* are rejected, and only thiThe chemistry of the active principles of Dtgitali* is still obscure, and physiological Co. preparations of this herb. tetts are employed in standardising B. W. i
l
:
&
ki tattn on tkt H'ttlctm*' Maftria MtJira Hmrm, Phvffrafhic Clumitals. '
THE 'WELLCOME' MATERIA MEDICA FARM
102
'
-'-''
'v
i
.''
i^--
"^
i
*r
HEMLOCK (Conium maculatum) A
typical bush of branches are collected
The
Hemlock (Conium maculatum). when the fruit begins to form.
fresh
le
Reproduced from a photograph taken on the IVellcome Materia Medica farm, and developed with 'Tabloid Photographic Chemicals. '
'
THE 'WELLCOME' MATERIA MEDICA FARM A MODERN PHYSIC GARDEN
"physic gardens," that founded at Chelsea, in The picture of 1673, was the official prototype.
<)i
dames and frugal housewives, tending and and simples, in " highherbs culling walled gardens green and old" is
careful
brought to mind in reading of these old physic gardens which are associated with much " balmes and cordialls," sirops, quaint lore of essences and "sovrane remedies,'' of which we get
inuvquent glimpses.
The Chelsea
Physic Garden
^tablished that "apprentices and others" might " better distinguish good and useful plants from
those that bear resemblance to them, and yet are hurtful, and other the like good purposes." Evelyn, in
Physic tree
thus
1685,
:
records
"7
a
where
Gardens, August.
I
visit
he
went
to
the
to
saw
the see
Keejxjr of the Apothecaries' Garden of Simples at ( 'helsea, where there is a collection of innumerable varieties particularly, besides je>uits hark,
To of
Evelyn of that sort,
annuals, the tree bearing
which had don such wonders the support of
Apothecaries, tinuance although control.
many
Chelsea
Cinchona Mr. Wats,
in
quartan
founders, the Society Chelsea Gardens owe their con-
they
its
are
now under
different
THE 'WELLCOME' MATERIA MEDICA FARM
104
Earlier than the Apothecaries'
Garden of Simples
Chelsea, and differing from it chiefly in that it was the creation of a public body, were the gardens of private herbalists in the sixteenth Gerarde's anc^ seventeenth centuries ; and conat
,
,
herb-garden
gener with it was the garden of John Holborn, within a stone's throw of where Burroughs Wellcome & Co.'s Chief Offices, London
Gerarde
(Eng.),
The cists
in
now
stand.
considerations that guided the older pharmamen were chiefly those
acute and learned
of distinguishing, relating to the recognition of drugs in short, the medicinal and beneficial from those ;
which were toxic or noxious. The plants as grown were accepted without question for the preparation of galenicals, and, as the crude drugs are subject to great variation in composition, so, of
...
Of old
methods and new requirements
...
m
.
necessity, their preparations varied potency and in therapeutic activity.
........
,
.
he isolation of alkaloids in the early In a word, last of century made this apparent. part How to ensure pharmacognosy was not enough. I
constancy in strength of alkaloidal content was the
active
principles
and
problem that emerged.
A
paper by Carr and Reynolds, published in the Chemist and Druggist (London, Eng.), illustrates In the case the necessity of solving that difficulty. of Cinchona they found a difference between the highest and lowest grades, bought on the actual
market, of 3-58 per cent, of Quinine and Cinchonidine ; in Belladonna herb, a difference of 0-85 per cent, of total alkaloids
;
of Hydrastine in Hydrastis
root of 2 3 per cent., and of Berberine in the same These serious figures, root of 3'5 per cent., etc. in activity of the marked differences representing -
THE 'WELLCOME' MATHKIA MEDICA FARM
the necessity
illustrate
drugs,
means of securing uniformity ;
In
as
this,
in
now
is
other
for
adopting
106
some
in strength.
as
recognised
essential.
departments of pharmacy, Co. have been The root
Burroughs Wellcome & They have also applied of the
pioneers.
the
principle of scientific control to
the cultivation of the plants employed by attention to the composition of the soil, selection of the best collection
varieties,
and so of
'
This
variability.
the
at
has a
establishment of
Wellcome
greater
Farm
is
section
donna,
'
part
the
ideal
stage
of growth,
thus eliminating adventitious
forth,
accomplished by scientific farm near the
Chemical Works of
this
'
factors
been
at
Wellcome
'
Dartford.
The
Materia Medica
devoted to staple crops, but an experimental maintained in constant activity. Bella-
is
for instance,
has been treated with different
manures, and shaded, during growth, by various coloured fabrics. In the course of these researches it
was ascertained that the yield of alkaloid
is
affected
to a greater extent by climatic conditions than by other alterations in environment, and the opinion
been reached that the superiority of English is due to the climate. Experiments with Broom tops, again, proved
has
leaves
that the in
them
amount of
sparteine contained
varies according to the time of year, being
low during the flowering and growing period, and
in-
creasing during autumn and winter when reproductive The Digitalis required for the activity has ceased.
Brand Concentrated production of 'Wellcome' Tincture of Digitalis and Wellcome Brand Extract of Digitalis is al>o grown at the Wellcome' Materia '
'
'
Medica Farm.
The
result
is
that
variations
in
THE 'WELLCOME' MATERIA MEDICA FARM
106
character of the leaves have been reduced to those
due to
necessarily
year
Advantages
the variations year.
to
the
,
due
of
Add
....
to
season
to which,
inclusion
...
of
from errors
faulty
or
untrue specimens are avoided, whereas, according to recent literature on the subject, such errors are frequently to be found in the collections
made
both by amateur and professional herb gatherers. Further advantages derived from this conjunction the actual growing of the plants with the preparation of their galenicals are of
:
(1)
A
drug
immediately
it
may be expressed has been collected.
or
worked up
(2) Herbs may be dried directly they are cut, before fermentation and other deteriorating enzymic
changes have (3)
set in.
Freedom from
caprice
on the
part of collectors,
who, in gathering wild herbs, are very difficult to control in the matter of adulteration, both accidental
and
intentional.
The
and cultivate that particular which has been found by chemical and physiological tests to be the most active, and which Notable gives the most satisfactory preparations. instances of these are to be found in connection with (4)
ability to select
strain of a plant
Digitalis
An
and Belladonna.
Chemist and Druggist, London of January 29, 1910, gives us an idea of this latest of "physick gardens," situated article in the
(Eng.),
"on an undulating slope, with here and there a clump of trees and a strip of wild woodland, between the river and the North Downs, hard by the little village of Darenth. No more ideal It has shade, spot for a herb farm could have been chosen.
THK 'WHLLCOME' MATKKIA MI-IUCA FAKM
sunshine and sandier
and Here the
moisture,
uplands.
a
fine
loamy
soil,
107
varied
by
firm have for the last six years
been cultivating medicinal plants under the immediate superintendence of pharmaceutical .w'eiicome and botanical experts. The farm was estab- Mteru . Medic* Farm and to provide opportunities lislied, firstly, 1
...
.
materials
research
and
experiment, and, secondly, to supply the manufacturing departments with medicinal herbs of for
pr|>er quality.
A
to the
visit
farm shows that the greater part is devoted but a numlx-r of plots are used
to the cultivation of staples f.ir
experimental
crops.
;
Among
sucli
are
meadow
saffron
( CoU'hifiini iiiitu>nna/t'), with its pale-purple flower. Lavender, Senega and peppermint, and French roses grow side by side. the unpretentious taraxacum, with its bright yellow petals,
occupy other spaces. Ginseng, the root that plays so important a part in Chinese medicine, is also grown. Podofhyllum Scopolia alropoides. Datura nuteloides, sea poppy liitfum ), and Grindelia robusla, are other plants that one does not usually find growing on a scale greater than the
peltatuin,
/////
experimental
;
but the plots of Hydrastis canadensis are botani-
and commercially the most interesting on the farm, in the fact that we are coming within measurable distance of the end of the natural supply from North America. " The purpose which Burroughs Wellcome & Co. had immecally
:
when they established this farm, i.e. supplying the products of the field direct to their Works, has been . fulfilled. . On the research side, experiment goes on, imperially iii n-ijard to selection and cultivation of strains diately in view
.
which have wen found by chemical and physiological IK- the most active." I
tests to
i EARLE CVINGTON Ovington gained the "Three States Prize" of $10,000, passing over New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, 160 miles in He was the first official carrier of the U.S.A. Aerial 3 hours 6 minutes. Hitchcock is Mail, and in the above photograph Postmaster-General shown handing him the mail-bag on the aviation field at Long Island. Inset is a photograph of his Tabloid First-Aid Equipment. Mr.
'
'
HISTORICAL MEDICAL
EQUIPMENTS
Tin twentieth century sees mankind on the verge of The subdivision into airmen and earth-dwellers. " emotion " of the sensaflying tion of "extra-terrestrial tran-
BHBB
>
"
has been nobly deM-ribed for us by Lieut. Conneau, who tells us that only the ocean
(|tiillity
and the mountains retain immensity of the
Man
air.
their
the vast solitudes
in
is
a pigmy, and
works
eatest
his
loco-
motives, his factories and his cities as but toys in a land of
dreams. train
The
aviator notes the
dragging
its
the busy hive of
slow length,
human
industry,
almost pathetic regularity of the little patterns of fields and and hedgerows. He parks crosses the Apennines, and views the clouds reddening beneath him in the morning th<-
Min.
Approaching
THB Sin i.i.i BT MEUIOIMI CUBST IK THE WORI D This tiny gold medicine chest is fitted with twelve quire medicine chest bottles containing 300 doses of MedicaTabloid' Brand ments, equivalent to IS
he
Rome,
sees "something of significance" whit-h grow.-, into the sun-bathed
dome
of
St.
pinti of fluid medicine
Peters, rising out
of the
mists of
the
Rostand finely pictures the awakened Pontiff opening an oratory window to bestow a
i
aiiip.i^n.i.
D
this
human
bird.
.
.
.
.
Perishable dust, that
is
ami bone and sinew, braving
.
au
dit I'lglise
;
.
fragile nxirtd
but compact of blood at risk the perils of the
RELIC 'TABLOID' MEDICINE CASES Medicine belt carried by Capt. Stairs throughout his KatThe famous 2 anga Expedition. " " Rearguard medicine chest used i
during Sir H. M. Stanley's travels. Extricated from the ruins after 3 the Bandawe Mission House had been demolished by lightning ; the contents that escaped damage were used for more than ten years afterwards. 4 Once the property of E. G. Glave. Supplied for a journey made concerning the great slave question of Central
Africa.
AFRICA
Carried by Capt. Stevens on the expedition 6 find Africa to Stanley. 5
Thomas in
East Chest
H. M. Stanley by during the Emin Pasha Relief and
carried
Sir
other Expeditions. Formerly 7 the property of Dr. Percy Rendall, Principal Medical Officer, British Central Africa Administration. 8
Case carried by Frank Muxworthy, Caravan African famous the Leader, on three journeys through
The last medicine o chest supplied to Emin Pasha. Uganda,
HI-.IDR1CAL
MEDICAL EQUIPMKSTs
111
and needing equipment for his dangers. The chest depicted en page 109 could be carried by a bird. The airman needs equipment relatively but a little larger. Contrast between these and antient medicine chests air,
and cupboards
is easy, comparison difficult or imstand on the brink of great events, of which it is impossible to divine the trend. It is, however, certain that the aviator's demands for First-Aid equipment are being met, and will be met as have those of all other pioneers in exploration and adventure, the history of whose equipments is related briefly in the following pages. What has been done for aviation is
po^jlile.
t"ld
We
on pages 123
et
seq.
IN
AFRICA
as of old, still guards her secrets with a hundred deaths not now with the magic, so much of which was science cunningly applied, but with the snl Ifii frontiers of disease. These are barriers a newer science is teaching us to pass unscathed. But Africa \,
is
old.
Learning, too, was hers.
The age-long
of antient dynasties in mighty Egypt, the lost libraries of Alexandria, the splendours
of Carthage tell of that. Some fragments of forgotten history have, however, come
The Ebers papyrus,
history
J^Afr""** to light.
for instance, discovered reposing
between the legs of a mummy, contains no pages covered with prescriptions for all manner of diseases,
some
of the recipes being of incalculable antiquity.
At
Kahnn, near the pyramids of Illahun, the most antirnt record of medicine and pharmacy known was found in 1889. It dates from the XII Dynasty, a thousand years before the Exodus. At Thebes the medicine chest of Queen Mentu-Hotep came to light a massive outer wooden case decorated with hieroglyphics, among them the royal cartouche and the figure of a crouching Within it is enclosed an inner stand of plaited jackal. papyrus, containing various medicinal roots, in elegant alabaster jars, and a wooden spoon, the handle of which was ornamented with the head of Hathor.
HISTORICAL MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS
112
Despite its great size the medical supplies tained were of the most meagre description.
it
con-
It is a far cry from Mentu-Hotep to Stanley. Yet with Stanley begins the practical demonstration of the utility of the modern medicine chest. The coming Centuries had passed, and still the heart 6
The white lay undiscovered. Park, Burton, Livingstone, the practical man of affairs, Stanley
Africa
of
man
white
man came Always
Stanley.
records a
difficulty,
and
its
solution
:
"
When I think [he said in one of his lectures] of the dreadful mortality of Capt. TUCKEY'S Expedition in 1816, of the NIGER Expedition in 1841, of the sufferings f
Burton^,'
and
way
BURTON and SPEKE, and
of
my own
first
two
expeditions, I am amazed to find that much of the mortality and sickness was due to the crude
which medicines were supplied
in
very recollection causes
me
to travellers.
The
to shudder."
Speaking at a later date of his wish to ameliorate the miseries of African explorers, he continues the thought "
:
How
be done I knew not ; who was to do it But I made the acquaintance of Messrs. BURROUGHS WELLCOME & Co. As soon as I came in sight of their preparations and their works, I found the On my later expeditions consummation of my secret wish. I had all the medicines that were required for my black men, as well as my white men, beautifully prepared, and in I
it
was
to
did not know.
most elegant fashion arranged in the smallest medicine chest it was ever my lot to carry into Africa."
The mention of Stanley recalls Emin Pasha, Gordon's Governor of Equatorial Africa. The last medicine chest supplied to him was the product In a of Burroughs Wellcome & Co. pathetic report he writes " I found the medicine chest you forwarded me fully I need not tell you that its very completeness stocked. :
made bound my
heart.
Articles like those could not be
made
HISTORICAL MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS
113
hut at the hand of the greatest artists in their own departIf any one relieved from intense pain pours out his
nil-lit.
come home
ngs, they will
"
to you.
somewhat longer on the me to do so. I wish
like to expatiate
should
I
intrinsical value, but sickness
preventing
you to believe me,"
A On.
/,../..
This chest was looted by the Arabs when Emin was massacred in 1892, and was recaptured by Baron Dhanis, Commandant of the Congo Free State troops, after
It was subsequently Kasongo. but afterwards recovered near the Aruwhimi Dwarf Country, and returned
the battle of
stolen
Kenia, in to
natives,
by
Burroughs Wellcome
&
Co.
" Tabloid Another famous chest, the " Rear-Guard Medicine Chest, remained in the swampy forest regions of the Aruwhimi for nearly four years, and more than
'
'
once
was actually submerged
in
the
river.
The
remaining contents were tested by the official analyst of The Lancet (London, Eng.) when it was brought back Tabloid medicaments declared to Kngland, and the to have perfectly preserved their efficiency. '
'
The medical
officers of the great British
Companies
commercial enterprise in Africa, have been occupied Tabloid equipments and Tabloid able to submit medicaments to thorough and exhaustive trials. Their in
'
'
'
'
reports are, therefore, of special interest.
from
:.ict 1
the
.K.C.S., Principal
Company We have
report of R. F. Rand, M.D., Medical Officer, British South Africa
:
in daily
had two Chests
fitted
use during the occupation
with 'Tabloid' medicines <>("
the country.
I
think
it
you they have proved of inestimable service. and readily accessible whilst ijuiti- p< triable, compact, savi-d patients and myself much u|Hiii tin- march, they havo know of no medicine chests so admirably time and worry.
only just to
tell
;
I
adapted to the wants of the traveller."
HISTORICAL MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS
114
Extract from the report of the late W. H. Crosse, M.D., M.R.C.S., Principal Medical Officer, British Royal Niger Company :
"All these 'Tabloid' drugs are so good it is impossible me to speak more highly of one than another. They are ;
for all
of the very best quality ; each drug is accurately described reliable. To the traveller these preparations are simply
and
invaluable, and I would strongly advise everyone coming out ' to the Tropics to get a full supply of Tabloid Medicines." '
The tale might be continued. It is the history, practically, of the medical equipments of every punitive expedition and of every explorer for nearly 30 years. It is from the report of single extract must suffice.
A
the Special War Correspondent of the Lancet (London, Eng.), a veteran of many campaigns :
"
It
me
affords
infinite
myself for some years administered by medical Services, n3
cam
ai
ns
'Tabloid' Ashanti,
Campaigns.
I
satisfaction to state that
I
have
dispensed, and have also seen officers of both Naval and Military
Burroughs Wellcome & Co.'s preparations during the Benin, and recent South
cannot refrain from expressing
and
my
Sudan, African opinions
marked
superiority over the medicinal preparations of former days. They are far more portable, very acceptable so far as the palate is concerned, far less liable to absorb damp on service during rapid changes
as
to
their
distinct
of climate, are always found exact as to their dose-weight, and, what is of far more importance, retain their efficiency
much
longer than any other medicinal products
I
know
of.
"Scales and weights can be dispensed with, and much is saved both to patient and doctor, as the dispensary mullurn in parvo, in fact can be carried by the prescriber in his hand, or in front of him on cycle or valuable time
During my recent experience amongst the goldfields of Ashanti, W. A., under conditions the most severe and trying, these 'Tabloid' Medicines could always be depended horse.
The firm of Burroughs Wellcome & Co. are upon. deservedly to be congratulated upon the marked scientific advance they have made in pharmaceutical reform."
HI-niKICAL MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS
I
f.
th.it
115
to-day, the savagery of all the welter of hides in the darkness of darkest
humanity
still t.
is
ever so slowly
receding
The
before
re
'
th- inarch of Science, something is surely ofAfric due to the Tabloid weapons of precision with which disease and death have been fought. '
'
IN
Tin true
TRAVEL AND EXPLORATION
traveller
his blood.
is
The
born.
call of the
beyond
is
may be merely
the chafing of the restless spirit for a strange sky and a wider horizon ; or the deeper longing of the reflective mind for in
It
over the hills and far away." ^Te'uer Discontent has made travellers of some, desire for fame of others. In all, the result is action. Of one a man of imagination and of magnetic qualities Lord Morley has finely said, he was " a man with pity in him, with a sense of justice in him, with goodHe raised no ill-will anywhere." temper in him. '
somrthinu,'
.
Dr. for
.
.
Svcn Hedin, of whom these words were spoken, two long years wandered about the
wildernesses of Tibet, tracing the " Mighty " Mountain Palisade of the trans- Himalaya,
and
" Roof of the rxplorini; the instant companion was a
Th "Roof world"
World." Tabloid '
'
Medicine which stood him in good stead in illness and hardship, and even in the primrose paths of diplomacy. At Shigatse he made it his offering of friendship to the Tashi-Lama. We are indebted to Messrs. Macmillan, Dr. Sven Hedin's publishers, for permission to quote his account of the incident .
:
When we had
conversed
for
two hours
I
made a move
hut the Tashi-Lama pushed me back on to the chair and said, No. stay a little longer.' Now was the in leave
liiin,
time tn present
my
oti'eiinjj.
.iken out of
and excited thing mu>t
The
its silk
elegant Knglish medicine opened and exhibited,
cloth,
his great admiration and lively interest ; everyhe explained to him. The hypodermic syringe
RELIC 'TABLOID' MEDICINE CASES de Windt's medical equipment, used on his travels in 2 E.Siberia. Chest taken by ExPresident Roosevelt on his recent shooting and hunting expedition in East Africa. 3 Chest carried by Lionel Decle on his three years' i
Harry
journey from the Cape to Uganda (6000 miles). 4 Mrs. Bishop (Miss Isabella Bird), in her book describ-
TRAVEL, ETC.
her ad venturous expedition throughout the entire Congo Free State. 6 Duplicate of medicine chest taken by Sven Hedin on his unique
journey beyond the Himalayas into the heart of Tibet. 7 Case carried by R. L. Jefferson. F.R.G.S.. on his famous bicycle ride to Khiva. 8
Pocket-case
carried
by
J.
E.
commends this medicine case. 5 The medical equipment carried by
Medicine Budgett Meakin. g chest carried by Julius Price, of the "Illustrated London News, for over 30,000 miles through various
Mrs. French Sheldon, F.R.G.S.,on
climes.
ing her extensive wanderings, highly
1
HISTORICAL MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS
in
its
tasteful
ill-lighted
him.
with
case,
all
Two monks
its belongings, especially of the medical faculty were
sent for several days running to write
contents of the various
'
117
Tabloid
'
down
in
Tibetan the
boxes and the use of the
medicines."
Such picturesque incidents do not stand alone in the The U.S.A. annals of Burroughs Wellcome & Co. ii the first American to Abyssinia in 1903 expedition to that Empire found their Tal >lt -id Medicine Chest "a highly valued rce in time of trouble. It was '
in Abyssinia
carried on the back of a faithful domestic, rejoicing in a name which, being translated, means ' Slave of the '
'
reports a
Holy Trinity
member
of the
Commission.
Again, Professor Garner, who studied at close quarters the habits of gorillas in the forests of " abuns, speaks affectionately of my little Tabloid' Medicine Chest" as "a treasure more sacred than my rifle." 1
took
\
President Roosevelt on his African expedition with him the Medical and PhotoTabloid '
'
graphic Equipment, and found Col.
M earns
reports,
and
useful."
Many
distinction,
it,
Lieut.-
"
very satisfactory some r other travellers of
including
Muxworthy,
Caine, Mrs. Bishop and Mrs. French Sheldon, have been equipped with Tabloid Medicine Cases, and have reported favourably on their portability and Kendall,
Captain
Stair,
VV.
S.
Isabella Bird),
'
'
reliability.
IN
WARFARE
TI> Military Expeditions, 'Tabloid' Medical Equipments are as indispensable as the emergency ration. Their compression, concentration, compactness and convenience meet the first requirements of successful In addition, they possess such advantages transport. as purity, reliability and accuracy of dosage.
RELIC 'TABLOID' MEDICINE CASES One of
i
the medicine belts used
during the Spanish-American War. 2 One of the medicine chests used in the Ashanti Campaign, 1895-6. 3 G. W. Steevens carried this equipment through many campaigns and
and
W. 5
by
A
relic of many battles of sieges, formerly the property
journeys. 4
Maxwell, war correspondent. Cases of this design were used British
Colonial
contingents
during the South African War. 6 Part of the medical equipment of Greece during the war with Turkey, !3 g7 Duplicate of the medical 7 equipment of Bennet Burleigh, .
WARFARE
war correspondent.
8
The
porta-
medical supply used on the Dongola Expedition. 9 A duplicate of the equipment used during
ble
Anglo-Egyptian campaign in 10 A specially-deSudan.
the the
signed case carried by the C.I.V. A in the South African War. of the specially -designed chest, part medical equipment entirely sup-
n
by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. Hospital Ship "Maine.' Pocket medicine case carried by Gen. Viljoen throughout the South Medicine belt African War. 13 used during the Benin Campaign.
plied for
12
the
II
Is
1
OKICAI.
MEDICAL EVfll'MI
119
The human
factor in warfare requires, for efficiency, be fed, next to have its hurts and ailments It is a well-known axiom of
to
first
U'lulrd.
military operations that disease kills more men than do the bullets of the enemy.
of the horrors of the
Many
Crimean
might have been averted had
'
War
Tabloid
'
u
ucto^
nd"
blo ',J*
i^H
medicaments
been available. '
more than a generation past Tabloid Medical Kquipments have been used in every campaign of note. It i> therefore impossible to deal with them in detail. During the war between the United States of America and Spain the utility of 'Tabloid' outfits was tested and confirmed both in Cuba and the Philippines. In tincampaigns of Kitchener, from Omdurman to South Africa, they have played a prominent part. '
the -pecial interest was the equipment of American Ladies' Hospital Ship Maine, for the South African Campaign, the whole of the medical outfit of which was supplied by Burroughs Wellcome & Co.
M>
i-,.
whole of the medical outfit has been supplied by Wellcome and Co.
I'.iimitigli-.
"
One of the medicine chests supplied by this firm is in tooled leather, designed by Mr. Henry S. Wellcome. On the top panel appear the Union Jack and the Stars and Stripes fin wined, portraits of Queen Victoria, George Washington, and President McKinley, and representations of the American and British Lion. The front and other panels bear symliolir doi^ns indicating the bond of union between the Kngli-h and American peoples. Prominently inscribed on
the chest are Keble's line,
'
No
distance breaks the tie of
blood,' and Amlassador Bayard's notable phrase, 'Our Kin " across
the Sea.'
This beautiful cabinet and its contents formed in a complete and compact dispensary.
itself
no war seems to be complete withwar correspondents than whom no keener judges of kit and equipment exist. The list of eminent In those days,
out
it>
RELIC 'TABLOID' MEDICINE CASES National Antarctic medicine case. 2 Chest used duri
Scottish
ing three years' exploration by the Jackson-Harmsworth Arctic Expedition.
carried
3
A
duplicate of the chest
by the Duke of the Abruzzi's
Polar Expedition. 4 Part of the medical equipment sup& Co. Wellcome plied by Burroughs for the National Antarctic Expe-
comp.ete
Andree, on his 5 dition, 1901. historical attempt to reach the North Pole by balloon, carried a case of Medicine case 6 design.
this
POLAR EXPLORATION
used by Wellman on his attempt to reach the North Pole in an airCarried on the journey to 7 ship. the summit of Mount Erebus, and during the "Farthest South" journey, British Antarctic Expedition, 1907-9. 8 Case carried by the party which reached the South .Magnetic Pole, British Antarctic Expedition, 1907-0. 9 Duplicate of the chest which formed part of Peary's, equipment on his Historic discovery of the
North Pole. 10 Belt supplied :o Nansen for his journey " Farthest North."
HISTORICAL MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS
who have
journalists
121
carried 'Tabloid' Cases includes
other world-famous names, those of Bennet Burleigh. Frederick Villiers, Ren6 Bull, Julius Price and William Maxwell, the late G. W. Steevens, and Of her husband's ' Tabloid outfit a host of others. Mrs. Steevens reports: " He took it everywhere with him to the GnecoTurk War, twice to the Soudan, India and lastly (well replenished l>y you) to South Africa."
among
'
.
.
.
IN '
TABLOID
ARCTIC AND ANTARCTIC EXPLORATION '
Medicine Chests and Cases have always
value to the Arctic and the Antarctic explorer, and are associated with Tabloidcses -as the names of Peary, Amundsen, Scott,
been of
inestimable
.
Nansen, Shackleton, Jackson-Harmsworth, the
Duke
others.
the
Pole"
of the Abruzzi, and very many The belts and other Tabloid Equipments '
'
supplied to
Nansen for his journey "Farthest North," and those used by the Jackson-Harmsworth Expedition, have now been added to Burroughs Wellcome & Co.'s collection of historic outfits. "Hearty thanks, splendid indeed," reported the enthusiastic NorseOne of the man, Nansen. ' An actual eight tubes of Tabloid prorelic from ducts carried by Peary to the the North '
North Pole was presented by that
celebrated
explorer
Pole
to
Burroughs Wellcome & Co. on his return. n a report forwarded from Etah.Greenland,
1
" iv.iry wrote:
Burroughs Wellcome & Co.'s Tabloid Medicine Cases and supplies have proven invaluable." And, in a previous report, he conveyed his "appreciation of the wonderful compactness and '
'
NORT H In
utility of
the
IV. .ducts
fmined
your products."
'Tabloid' Medicine Chests and the sole medical equipment of
Antarctic,
s.s-
"ROOSEVELT"
PEARY ARCTIC EXPEDITION, The
1907-9
medical equipment of this Expedition was furnished by
Burroughs Wellcome
&
Co.
HISTORICAL MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS
123
when he established the then record "within 97 miles of the Pole. His Morning was similarly equipped.
Shackleton
Farthest South relief ship
T.ibloid' Cases also accompanied Scott and Shackleton in the Discovery, and Bruce in the Scotia. Fur the Australian Antarctic Expedition of Urn-roughs Wellcome & Co. supplied south'po*!." the entire medical equipment. Capt. also supplied by them for his mysvoyage to the South Polar regions, the triumphant return from which took place in March,
Amundsen was
terious
IN
AVIATION
Tm:
airman, in his element, lives face to face with " Flying resolves itself into a series of unfore>rrn incidents. It is then that we must command our ii-i\rs to avoid un drame" writes one of the greatest aeronauts of the day. " Even the least stirring of the air grips the machine and rolls it gently from side to side, while the stopping of the motor gives an acute if momentary pang of despair." Lost in the clouds, fogperils.
bound, tempest tossed, compelled in his 0f huge kite to rush onwards through the fhYfr obscure in order to preserve equilibrium and remain aloft not knowing when he emerges uhrtluT he will find himself above the plain-lands, -
the streets or the sea the instant emergency conM.mtly confronts him, far, possibly from any hope of human aid. The margin of safety to life and limb mu>t be increased, not only by improving the powers of the machine, but by the provision of the
most readily and ii f xi_ Ui T-iThe airman practically featherweight. wh<> ventures aloft without 'Tabloid' ials
accessible
I
in
ir-t
of treatment in
form
its
compact,
reliable,
incre*e margin
the Of
fet y
i> foolhanly. Lieut. Conneau ("Beaumont") book, gives a graphic account of dangers
Aid
his
happily overcome
in his
famous Circuit of Britain:
"
B SA u M ON T
Naval - Lieut. Conneau. $ico,cco
"
Jean
Won
over
in prizes in
1911.
Lieut.
Conneau
seen examining
is
the
'Tabloid' First-Aitl.
No. 706, which carries
J
U LES
V E DR
Won
N ES
I
the
Paris-
Madrid Race
in 1911
and holds a record for
speed
over
the
English Channel.
The shews
photograph the
handling 'Tabloid' outfit.
aviator
his pocket-
he
on his nights.
HISTORICAL MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS
125
"When
I approach I-angdale Fell I make my dispositions Before everything I must attacking the terrible defile. have height. I Alas, I cannot get alxive try to rise. 2400 feet. Suddenly the motor stops during 6-IO seconds,
for
Beneath me is nothing but cre\ I fall. and pointed summits. The loss of mv machine _ must try t<> pot off bong craned ndent;
and
.
.
,
,
I
as
the ground
U|x>n
k to direct
my
long
rv/
a^ (
//<7//<
possible.
"U" drame" and nerves O r steei
So
in the direction of the
places in the gorge, to prolong
my
descent
still
deepest more. At
moment an eddy flings me downwards. It seems to me am done for. But evidently death does not want me, since,
this 1
by an almost incredible chance, the motor begins to turn I am saved."
again.
lor this course "Beaumont" received the Daily Mnil prize of 10,000 ($50,000) (see also page 124). In a report on his First- Aid equipment he says: irace a sa legerete et son format la petite boite 'Tabloid' " Aid se recommande specialemente aux aviateurs.
<
Vcdrines,
reported
who ran him
Son
utile.
niciitioii :H-
tirst
.uTopl.mr <>t
votre
i>idrn-
I
I'll-'
close in this great contest,
:
i
|H.-u
ot
1'remier-Secours 'Tabloid'
de volume en
fait
comme
un modele d'une
Vedrines recalls the fact that he
ainn.in to deliver letters
Paris. Madrid*.
by
In crossing the
The
first
To'de'i^er letters
\'cilriiif< had to rise to a height over 6000 feet (2000 metres) in order to surmount
H
.
P ECQU ET
Carried the cfficial
first
Indian Aerial
Mail.
M. P^cquet always carries
a
'
'
Tabloid
First- A id on his flights.
GARROS
Was second Vedrines
in
Paris- Madrid
1911.
'
to
the Race,
Tabloid
First-Aid forms part
of his equipment.
HISTORICAL MRUICAL EQUIPMKSTs
127
the pass of Somosierra. It was during this he was attacked by an eagle.
flight that
a
In India, Pecquet (February 18, 1911) carried whole mail of 6000 letters and postcards 1 011 from Allahabad across the Jumna to ^"i* n na *
Naini.
and
Pecquet
be remembered as the <
i
Keith-Davies first
i
,!
i
a.
will
airmen to
fly
in
India.
'Tabloid' First- Aid, Pecquet reports: "J'ai tuujours emport avec moi 1'equipement PremierS^cours TaMoid,' et puis vous confirmer qu'il m'a toujours
t"
'
^rande
have
Mails
utilile
aux
pelits accidents
been
also
carried
que
in
j'ai
cus."
England
by
Hamel and Hubert (between Hendon and Windsor), and
America
in
'Tabloid' n- d on
these
all
Earle
by
First-Aid
Ovington.
Equipments
were
British and
Earle Aerui Posts
journeys.
>\ ington, under the personal direction of Postmaster- General Hitchcock, carried the
(
Government Aerial
lionoplana
uMd by Mr
AertI Pol
cm*d
On p.niiril
The
Hamel io position of tb
O.
by the
first
U.S.A.
Post.
vitor
11
conoecuen with the United Kingdom 1 ablotd Kimt Aid Equipmant indicaud by the white line. '
'
one occasion the Postmaster-General accomMr. ()\ington on a flight with the mails. The
aviator reports:
PIERRE FRIER
Who
fle\v
London
from
to Paris
without a slop, using a Bleriot monoplane,
"...
reports.
'
trousses
Ces
Tabloid
'
sont en erTet exces-
sivement pratiques."
The
position
'Tabloid'
Equipment machine
is
of his
First-Aid
on
this illustration.
HUBERT LATHAM Has made many successful notably
at
flights,
Rheims
and Blackpool. Held the height record in 1909.
Inset
is
a photo-
graph of M. Latham's Tabloid First-Aid '
'
Equipment.
the
shown
in
HISTORICAL MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS
129
outfits over carefully, and compliment you upon the wonderful compactness and efficiency of your product. I feel decidedly more comfortable l>ecause I have your little outfits along with me to I
have looked the ['Tabloid']
to
admini>ter to
my
aid
when
necessity arises." '
First-Aid a Tabloid him when he set out to establish a rapid postal service in French Senegal. h aerial experiments are interesting, Jf fh *uture to be still much there is though leeway made up before Kipling's daring forecast of a trans-
Sido with
Captain equipment
also
Atlautic Aerial Post
is
'
took
realised.
Prominent among other aviators who have carried First-Aid equipments during their flights Tabloid are Bleriot first to fly the English Channel Ely, who flew across San Francisco Harbour, landa* ing like a bird on the deck of the cruiser *o"l and back to again Pennsylvania," flying '
'
;
a> well as Weymann, who won the GordonBennett ("up for America in 1911; Fowler, who was t-aved at Alta from serious injury to limb in falling, by the 'Tabloid' equipment he carried in his pocket;
land
:
Mi-Curdy. Sopwith, Tabuteau, Garros, Hubert Latham and very many others, from whom reports have been ed. Latham reports as follows of his Tabloid '
equipment
'
:
|r lii-ns
,i
\iiu-. dirt'
I'ri-ii
ruinbien m';i etc utile votre trousse de
Tabloid.'
I'.lliot >i pen voluiiiineiiM.' que jc n'hesite jamais a lYmpoitrr <-n arr>pl;mc. d m'a rendu service plusieurs fois, Mil-tout dan- K-> meetings d'aviation oil un pansement rapide
-i.u\fnt
1'a 'ilhan.
time
and
mYe-siiiii-.
after his
liis
liien a voiis."
race
emnpetitor,
through darkness against Grahame- White, in the
CLAUDE GRAHAM EWHITE
Won
the Gordon-
Bennett Cup England
at
for
Belmont,
N.Y., 1910, on
monoplane,
seen
this
with
A
i
d
in '
Tabloid
CODY
S. F. in
America
;
has done important
work
War
for the
Office,
British
and uses
aeroplanes of his
own
design.
The arrow indicates the
position
'Tabloid'
Equipment machine.
of the
First-Aid
on
the
photo '
First-
Equipment
attached to
Born
a
Bleriot
it.
HISTORICAL MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS
de
tmtr
iDtiily
force
flight
London
from
Mail $50,000 prize, igio)
t
Manchester
to
made
131
the following
rt:
do cette occasion pour vous exprimer le plaisir [x>rter avec moi durant le vol que j'ai fait de Londres a Manchester une trousse I'remier-Secours Tabloid.' profile
cjuc j'ai
eu de
'
(
irahame- White has since gained
many
honours, but
following report to Burroughs Wellcome & Co. he recalls that first exploit which startled England in tlie
into recognition of the fact that dominion over the air:
man had
" You ested I
achieved
be
inter-
know made
that
will
to
first
the
acquaintance of your ' Tabloid First-Aid '
Cases by carrying one of
'
Klrt Aid a* carried by - OB hu fliftbi from rthe Daily Mail" ;
rize
the
small
alumi-
nium pocket equipments (No. 706) on my flight from London to I
Manchester ..... found it so well
adapted for the rehave never l>een without thi> case, or one of your other models, on subsequent consider no aviator should lie without one. flights, and
cjiiirrmenti
of
aviators
that
I
I
Yours
faithfully,
LIEUT. H.
E.
WATKI NS, R.E. With
the
Vickers
monoplane with
'
Tabloid
fitted '
First-
Aid.
Was the arctic
to
have joined
Mawson
Ant-
Expedition as
aviator, but
was
pre-
vented owing to an accident.
GUSTAV HAM EL The first official carrier of the British
Aerial Post, and the first
aviator to carry
a lady passenger
from England France.
In his
may be '
to
hand
seen the '
Tabloid
First-Aid
Equipment which he carries on his flights.
HISTORICAL MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS
133
Cody, the inventor and aviator, carries ~t Aid on all his flights, and thus reports:
'
Tabloid
'
ii
1
The 'Tabloid' Aid Case in
its
and
ii>:u-liin<.',
found
First-
always been on my place
lias
have
I
contents
the
inestimable
numerous
>f
on occasions. value
it altogether a excellent idea, en-
>nsider
I
iii'
'st
abling one, as it does, to r.ury in the smallest |x>ssihle spare,
W*
to
remedies with
^' 8
every
Lieutenant Watkins,
from
leg
^r
n
meet
emergency.
;r
<1
who was prevented by a broken
accompanying as
1911, Kxpedition, following report:
fl
the
official
Australian aviator,
Antarctic
made
the
I have had no occasion to use the Aid you so kindly sent me, but a fiiend of mine. Dr. Pointer, R.A., who has been in aviation lor many years, had a bad fall on his monoplane and was Your small outfit came in most badly cut in many places. I consider that the 'Tabloid' Equipment you sent handy. me for the Yirkers monoplane is quite the most useful thing
1-ortunately for myself
'Tabloid'
small
First-
>ne ciiiild desire."
elatue i|ii:ilities and superiorities displayed, and functions to be fulfilled respectively by heavier-than.
tin-
and Ugfater-than-ak machines, continue to excite (\pfit -ontrovi -r>\ and even to influence The r e the policv of governments. The evolution air
<
.
'
of the
ot a
dominant type remains upon the knees
"dirigible"
When Andree, greatly daring, i,-od-. out on hi> la-t quest for the North Pole by balloon, he carried a 'Tabloid' Medical Equipment as his sole
of the >et
medical
and to the present day the products of Wellcome & Co. continue to be associated
outfit
I'.uiT.'ii-h^
with the history of scientific airmanship.
T. O. M. SOPWITH'S
A EROPLAN Mr.
E
won
Sopwith
the Baron de Forest
He
prize, 1910.
flew
from Brooklands
to
Windsor (Eng.) to be received
by
King
George.
The arrow shows the
position
on the
machine of the '
Tabloid
'
First
Equipment.
CHARLES
WEYM ANN Won
Gordon -
the
Bennett Cup
America
for
at East-
church (Eng.), 1911.
on a Nieuport monoplane.
He ing
is
shown hold-
a
'Tabloid' in his
No.
706
First-Aid
hand.
-
Aid
HISTORICAL MKOICAL EQUIPMENTS
135
conception was Wellman's effort to on which the explorer brought .r immense pains and forethought, and all the experience of bis Arctic travels. The result revealed .1 ta>k pre-destined to ultimate achievement. Wellman threat in
Hqually the
cross
reports
Atlantic,
:
We
'
'
are glad to inform you that your Tabloid Medical " America " Ktjuipment was the only one carried in the airship during one thousand miles flight over the Atlantic Ocean.
\Ve had several occasions to use its contents for minor troubles, and found it complete and wholly satisfactory, which was but repeating the experience I have had with your equipments in
my
expeditions to the Arctic regions."
Wellman here
Mr.
refers to his 'Tabloid' equipment "America," with which he had prothr North Pole from Spitsbergen.
for tin- dirigible fly to
posed to
The <
British
held
is
record for a long-distance balloon by Messrs. Gaudron, Maitland and
Turner, who, on November 18, 1908, started from the Crystal Palace, London, and on the following
day alighted at Mateli Derevni, Novo Alexandrovsk, KII>M;I. having travelled 1117 miles in 31^ hours. Thrir sole medical equipment was a Tabloid Medicine
'
'Tabloid' First-Aid Aeronaut's Outfit proved most
'
ll,<
We
used the valuable during our Uilloon voyage to Russia. \ Ammonia with excellent results when suffering .t|H>i<>k'
from the
-i
\"\.i^.-,
;.is
|
-:.ould I
'
>loid
in the air.
But
for the other
remedies
In future prokibly have suffered considerably. -hall i-rii.iinly lake a 'Tabloid' First-Aid Outfit."
Medicine Chests and 'Tabloid' First-Aid
Kquipiin-nts have also been supplied to Willows, and many other aeronaut-. .
Count
2
o-= "
<;
N
x
- -
o c
5;
~ .
HYPODERMIC fOCK KT-CASKS, 'TABLOID* BRAND
187
HYPODERMIC POCKET-CASES 'TABLOID' BRAND [* B. w.
&
Co.]
Special Designs, the property of Burroughs
&
Wellcome
Co.
The word 'TABLOID is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. This brand should always be specified when ordering. 1
'
'
T.un.oin Hypodermic Pocket-Cases provide complete armamentaria for hypodermic work. The whole object of rmic medication is to administer drugs for the in full physiological dosage by the shortest ;
.
route.
It
method
is.
par
therefore,
the
excellence,
^ckcst"*'
emergency purposes. For the same follows tint the highest accuracy of dosage combined with the utmost purity of the drug administered is essential. iermic Products possess all these qualities and are compact, convenient to use, and free from the stock solutions, which may undergo rapid - and become septic and irritating. They retain their strength, and remain unaltered for many years in any climate. full equipment of hypodermic drugs, together with syringe and needles, may, by means of the 'Tabloid' Hypodermic )utht, easily be carried in the waistcoat pocket. for
it
A <
Hypodermic 'Tabloid' Brand Pocket-Cases are
issued in nickel-plated metal, or aluminium, Each and in a great variety of plain and fancy leathers. contains a B. \V. & Co. Hypodermic Syringe with needles, and from five to fifteen tubes of 'Tabloid' Brand Hypodermic >:lver,
gun-metal,
products, etc.
No.
3
HYPODERMIC 'TABLOID' BRAND In
POCKET-CASE Cowhide,
Crocodile,
and
other
Fitted
Pigskin,
Seal
Morocco, fine
with
leathers.
twelve
of 'Tabloid' products, a B.
tubes
Hypodermic
W. &
Co.
Nickel-Plated Hypodermic Syringe, two regular steel needles, etc.
No.
3.
Hvpoi'KK.Mii.
I
A
UixuurmDU
;
3
X
-}
X
{
m
',
>CKHT-CASB
MODERN MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS
138
No.
ASEPTIC HYPODERMIC 'TABLOID' BRAND
7.
POCKET-CASE With
special
tachable
frame
de-
aseptic
novel
of
design, and revolv-
rack
ing
(nickel-
Fitted
plated).
with twelve tubes
of Tabloid Hypo'
dermic a
B.
products, W. & Co.
Nickel-Plated Syringe, one exploring and two regular steel needles, etc. This Case. after the removal of the tubes of
Hypodermic No. '
:
3j
X
3j
X j
pro-
may be steri-
lised with ease.
BRAND POCKET-CASE
'
TABLOID
Measurements
NO.
ducts,
ASEPTIC HYPODERMIC
7.
In
AluGun-metal, minium, or Silver.
in.
ASEPTIC HYPODERMIC 'TABLOID' BRAND
10.
POCKET-CASE This
Case
model
a
is
metal,
nickel-plated
of compact completeness. It is made of edge and corner being smoothly rounded. It contains a B. W. & Co.
each
All-Glass
Aseptic Hypodermic Syringe, with detachable nickelplated finger-grip, and two regular steel needles enclosed in a protective tube.
Each
part of the syringe is held in a holdfast
separately clip.
The tubes of 'Tabloid' Hypodermic products, five in number, are carried in a hinged rack, which securely holds them when the case is closed, and which, when '
swung outwards,
No. 10. ASEPTIC HYPODERMIC TABLOID BRAND POCKET-CASE
easy withdrawal
'
Measurements
No.
20.
:
2j
X
X $
if
tube.
in.
Complete
allows
of the
of the desired
with
doeskin
cover.
ASEPTIC HYPODERMIC 'TABLOID' BRAND
POCKET-CASE Fitted with ten tubes of phial, stoppered
'
Tabloid
and capped,
'
Hypodermic products, a
for ether or distilled water,
a B.
small glass
W. &
Co.
>
KMIC
POCKET-CASKS,
'TABLOID*
BRAND
139
All-Glass Aseptic clipi,
Hypodermic Syringe (each part securely held by a two steel needles in a protective tube, finger-grip,
In nickel-plated metal, complete with doeskin cover.
etc.
No.
ASEPTIC HYPODERMIC
20.
ileaiuremenu
No.
21.
'
:
TABLOID X 1} X
-J
'
BRAND POCKET-CASK
j in.
HYPODERMIC 'TABLOID' BRAND POCKET-CASE
irements
Hypodermic
:
4
X si x
products,
a
Fitted with nine tubes of 'Tabloid' ij in. B. W. Co. Nickel-Plated
&
Hypodermic
Syringe, with two steel needles, a small phial, glass-stoppered and capped, for sterilised water, capsule of ether, etc. In Morocco and other fine leathers.
No.
23.
ASEPTIC HYPODERMIC 'TABLOID* BRAND
POCKET-CASE In
Aluminium,
metal with
or
Solid
GunSilver,
detachable
special
nickel -plated
aseptic
frame and revolving rack.
Contents same as those of
the
No.
ai
Case,
addition
exploring
with
of a steel
needle.
This
Case, after the removal of the tubes of
No.
H yiHxlermic 13.
ASEPTIC
'
Tabloid
'
products,
i
BRAND POCKET-CASK UMiuremenU 3} X 9j X }
may In.
readily be sterilised.
MODERN MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS
140
No.
No.
32.
ASEPTIC HYPODERMIC 'TABLOID' BRAND POCKET-CASE (The Mussel Shell)
CLOSED OPEN ASEPTIC HYPODERMIC 'TABLOID' BRAND POCKET-CASE (The Mussel Shell) Measurements: 3j X if X \ in.
32.
In nickel-plated metal, conveniently shaped for the pocket. Fitted with W. & Co. Nickel-Plated Hypodermic Syringe, one exploring and two regular steel needles, and five tubes of Tabloid Hypodermic products. The Case is also supplied fitted with a B. W. & Co. All-Glass Aseptic Hypodermic Syringe, etc. (as illustrated), but without Tabloid Hypodermic products. Complete with leather or doeskin cover.
a B.
'
'
'
'
No.
40.
ASEPTIC HYPODERMIC 'TABLOID' BRAND POCKET-CASE (The Mussel Shell)
A particularly efficient and convenient The component parts pocket - case. are held securely in clips and rack. The is
spring catch, of improved design,
most effective
mum security a B.
is
in use,
whereby maxi-
attained.
The case con-
W. &
Co. All-Glass Aseptic Hypodermic Syringe, with detachable
tains
finger-grip, two regular steel needles, one exploring needle, and five tubes of Tabloid Hypodermic products, etc. In nickel-plated metal, com'
'
.in-
No.
-
"^ses^^
plete with doeskin cover.
ASEPTIC HYPODERMIC TABLOID BRAND POCKET-CASE (The Mussel Shell) Measurements: 3i X i| X J in. '
40.
No.
45.
'
QUININE INJECTION 'TABLOID' BRAND
POCKET-CASE Measurements sJ X 2 X ij in. Fitted with an All-Metal Syringe, min. 20, with two steel needles, two J oz. bottles, stoppered and capped, :
'
'
Corrosive Soloid sterilismg-cup, sterilising-tray, one tube Sublimate, three tubes 'Tabloid' Hypodermic Quinine Bihydrochloride, In nickel-plated metal, complete with doeskin cover.
spirit-lamp, etc.
HYPODERMIC AND OPHTHALMIC POCKET -CASES, 'TABLOID' BRAND
141
HYPODERMIC AND OPHTHALMIC POCKET-CASES TABLOID' BRAND [* B. w. & Co.] No.
HYPODERMIC AND OPHTHALMIC 'TABLOID' BRAND POCKET-CASE (The "Britlth Army Regulation")
80.
In Aluminium. teen tubes
dermic '
Contains
of 'Tabloid'
tubes
ten
products,
Tabloid
Ophthalmic products,
and
forceps,
giving a
80.
._,
., " British
Army Regulation. Meurmeut aj x sj x } in.
(TJte
carried in .
u
-
pair of
a
of
summary
uses of the products.
HYPODERMIC AND OPHTHALMIC 'TABLOID' BRAND POCKET-CASE No.
of
'
two camel-hair brushes, a minute
thir-
Hypo-
card
the chief
Being easily
the waistcoat-pocket,
/^ is extremely well adapted Case
this
) f r
:
emergency
use.
OPHTHALMIC POCKET-CASES TABLOID' BRAND
W. &
B.
[
Special Designs, the property of Burroughs
The word 'TABLOID'
Co.]
Wellcome
a brand which designates issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. is
&
Co.
fine
products
1
TAHI.OID' Ophthalmic Pocket-Cases are the most compact and complete equipments for ophthalmic work. In a space of two or three cubic inches they contain supplies of active and accurately-divided ophthalmic products, solution-dropper, camelhair brushes, etc., etc.
No.
91.
ASEPTIC OPHTHALMIC 'TABLOID' BRAND
POCKET-CASE In nickel-plated metal.
with nine tubes of '
in
^fc^
Fitted
Tabloid
'
and
'
Soloid
Ophthalmic
nickel-plated
rod,
'
products vulcanite
rack,
solution -dropper,
and
pestle,
two
The Case,
brushes.
mortar,
camel-hair after
removal of the contents,
the
may be
M.MIC
'TABLOID' BRAND POCKET-CASK Uauurunotiu
:
3$
X
lj
X }
in.
-tetilised.
doeskin cover.
Complete with
MODERN MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS No.
ASEPTIC OPHTHALMIC 'TABLOID' BRAND
92.
{The Mussel Shell)
POCKET-CASE
Fitted with
In nickel-plated metal. '
seven tubes of products,
Tabloid
mortar,
No. 92. ASEPTIC OPHTHALMIC 'TABLOID' BRAND POCKET-CASE (The Mussel Shell) Measurements: 2j X
X
l
f
in.
vulcanite
and two camel-
The shape and
brushes.
of this Case
Ophthalmic
pestle,
rod, solution-dropper
hair
'
make
it
size
specially suitable
for carrying in
the waistcoat-pocket.
After removal
of
the
the contents,
Case can readily be
sterilised.
Com-
plete with doeskin cover.
MEDICINE POCKET-CASES, 'TABLOID' BRAND B. W. & Co.] [ Special Designs, the property of Burroughs
The word 'TABLOID
1
is
issued by Burroughs '
TABLOID
'
Wellcome
a brand which designates
Wellcome
&
&
fine
Co.
products
Co.
Medicine Pocket-Cases are compact equipments
of pure, active drugs, divided into accurate doses, ready for administration. They enable practitioners to have For
emergen-
always with them an equipment of reliable medicines '
'
Tabloid specially suitable for emergency purposes. Pocket-Cases are a recognised essential in the equipment of physicians practising in country districts. When weighing and measuring are impossible, carriage of liquids impracticable, the convenience
and the and the of 'Tabloid' Medicine Pocket-Cases, which
extreme portability
enable the physician to dispense emergency medicines practically at the bedside, will
NO.
115.
be
fully appreciated.
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE POCKET-CASE
Contains ten J phials '
filled
oz.
with
'
Tabloid Brand proIn Seal,
ducts, etc.
Pigskin,
Cowhide,
Morocco and other No.
TABLOID BRAND MEDICINE POCKET-CASE Measurements 8j X 3} X li in. '
'
115.
:
fine leathers.
MEDICINE NO.
117.
l-uCk K T-CASBS,
BRAND
'TABLOID*
143
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE POCKET-CASE This Case, which
some-
is
what larger and more comprethan
hensive
No.
the
115
Case, contains sixteen phials
In Cowhide,
products, etc.
Morocco
Pigskin, Crocodile,
and other No.
oz.
Brand
'Tabloid'
of
fine leathers.
TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE POCKET-CASE Measurement* 7j x 4 X 3 in.
117.
:
No.
124.
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE POCKET-CASE Fitted with from sixteen to '
'
twenty-four tubes of Tabloid
Brand
according
products,
In Seal,
to size of products.
Crocodile,
Morocco and other
fine leathers.
specially
veniently breast
No.
124.
'TABLOID* BRAND MEDICINE
POCKET-CASE Meaiuremenu 5j X 4 X
NO.
125.
'TABLOID'
on
pocket,
con-
for in
carrying
the
ordinary
occasions, a stock of med icines sufficient to
lj in
This Case was
designed
combat a variety
of contingencies.
BRAND MEDICINE POCKET-CASE for
Specially fitted
emer-
gency purposes with fourteen tubes of Tabloid Brand pro'
'
ducts,
and a removable
tray-
containing an equipment of
twelve
tubes
of
'
Tabloid
'
Hypodermic products, a B. W. & Co. Nickel-Plated Hypodermic Syringe and two
No.
125.
'TAHLOIU'
I'.kANu
POCKET-CASE Uuiurvraeuu 6$ X 4 X
NO.
126.
'TABLOID'
MKDICINE
regular
Cowhide lj In.
steel
and
needles.
In
other
fine
leathers.
BRAND MEDICINE POCKET-CASE
With the exception that it contains a No. 3 'Tabloid' Brand Hypodermic Case instead of the removable tray, this Case is the same as No. 125.
MODERN MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS
144
No.
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE POCKET-CASE
133.
An
ideal pocket-
case,
which closes
without
straps
or
other external fas-
Metal
tening.
body, covered with black
Morocco
or
Cowhide. Contains
No.
'
133.
TABLOID BRAND MEDICINE POCKET-CASE
In fifteen
141.
'TABLOID
Morocco \ oz.
leather.
phials of
232.
Brand
'
1
products, etc., and wallet for papers.
in.
BRAND MEDICINE POCKET-CASE
Measurements: -j\ X 4 X 2^ in. Fitted with Tabloid Brand products, and a compartment '
containing small boxes for the physician's use medicaments. Design similar to No. 117 Case.
NO.
phials
of 'Tabloid' '
Measurements: 6} X 4j X lj
NO.
eight J oz.
in distributing
requisite
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE
(Physician's Emergency Case)
In Cowhide, con'
'
taining
Brand
Vaporole products,
'Ernutin' products, '
Wellcome
'
Brand
Chloroform, W. & Co. AllGlass Aseptic
a B.
Hypodermic '
Syringe,
Tabloid
Hypodermic
'
pro-
ducts, stomach tube, and other emergency ances.
No.
232.
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE (Physician'.
Emergency Case) 8j X 6j X
Measurements
:
3j
in.
appli-
ETC., MBDICINK
CVC1.E,
BRAND
'TABLOID'
CASKS,
145
CYCLE, CARRIAGE AND MOTOR-CAR CASES
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT CHESTS, ETC. 'TABLOID
BRAND
1
[* B. W. & Co.] Special Designs, the property of Burroughs
The word 'TABLOID'
is
a brand
products issued by Burroughs Wellcome always be specified when ordering.
&.
&
Wellcome
Co.
which designates fine Co. This brand should
'TABLOID' Cycle, Carriage and Motor-Car Cases and Medical Equipment Chests contain 'Tabloid,' 'Soloid' and other fine
& Co., minor surgical instruments and sundry emergency dressings. A great variety i< prepared to meet the requirements of products of B. VV.
ge neral practi-
tioners professional men in home practice, according to the extent and the special character of their particular
requirements. '
Tabloid
'
Medical Equipment Chests and Cases provide com
-
plete portable dispensaries for practitioners in distant stations,
explorers and expeditions of all For such purposes they are the only really satisfactory form of medical equipment, and have been universally adopted. In addition to full missionaries,
kinds.
travellers, expl< e r>
^
'
'
,
expeditions, missions, '
supplies of accurate doses of permanent and reliable products, these equipments contain minor surgical instru-
ments and dressings.
No.
137.
'TABLOID* BRAND MEDICINE SADDLE-CASE In
f^
Cowhide
ments in
\
137.
'TABLOID' BRAND INK SAIHU.E-CASK
39.
:
7!
manner
page
phials
of
143), '
in.
zj
to
Fitted
No.
117
with sixteen
Tabloid
'
Brand
products, etc.
'TABLOID' BRAND .MkDICINfc SADDLE-CASE V>. 137 Case, but
ments
oz.
(see
Measure-
or Pigskin.
x 4i x
7i
a similar
Case
No.
:
X 4} X
2} in.
In
fitted
Cowhide
with feather-weiKht tubes. or 1'igskin.
Measure-
MODERN MEDICAL EQUIP ME NTS
146
No.
143.
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE SADDLE-CASE Measurements
In Cowhide. '
Tabloid
'
Brand Products,
etc.,
X 4j X
8
:
Contains 16 phials of
3 in.
and a removable tray
for instruments, etc.
(see also page 162).
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE
No. 200.
(Physician's Cycle Handle-Bar)
No.
200.
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE (PHYSICIAN'S
CYCLE HANDLE-BAR) Measurements
In black enamelled Cowhide.
complete with nine J surgical instruments,
NO.
oz. phials
:
8J
X
aj
X 4}
in.
Fitted
of 'Tabloid' Brand products, etc., minor
and sundry emergency dressings. Weight, about
ijlb.
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE
202.
(Physician's Cycle Stay-Bar) Measurements
In black enamelled Cowhide.
complete with twelve i surgical instruments
oz. phials
and
of
dressings.
'
:
10
X zf X
5 in.
Tabloid' Brand products,
etc.,
Fitted
minor
Similar in design to No. 200 Case.
MEDICINE CHESTS AMD CASES, 'TABLOID'
No.
II
MAS
I)
147
-TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CHEST
206.
(At carried by Mr. THOS. STEVENS^ uced facsimile of '4i
x
x 7$
4!
No. 208 Chest
Made
in.
with twelve 1} ox.
(see beltnv).
Measurements:
of dressed and varnished raw-hide.
stoppered
bottles of 'Tabloid'
Fitted
and 'Soloid' Krand
products, minor instruments, dressings, etc.
NO.
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CHEST
208.
ft,
and varnished
of dressed
durable.
raw-hide; very light, portable and x sj x Q in. Fitted with twelve 4 oz. of 'Tabloid' and 'Soloid' Brand products, instruments,
Measurements:
stoppered bottles
BRAND MEDICINE CHEST
'TAIII.OID'
joS.
15$
dressings, etc.
NO.
6J '
leather,
Contains nine
in.
Taliloid
and
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE
209.
Morocco
In
'
i
Cowhide oz..
or
Pigskin.
twenty-four
J
oz.
Measurements: 10 x 5 x and thirteen 2 dr. phials of
and 'Soloid' Brand products; medicine measure, extra pockets,
loops
for
instruments;
twelve -;
tubes
kel- Plated
of
'Tabloid' Hypodermic Hypodermic Syringe, two
aeel needles, etc.
NO.
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE
216.
'
rocco Irathcr. FittiM with nii.c
i
>/.
ininur
papers, etc.
McaMirrm-rits
ami twenty-four
:
lof
X
5}
X
3
in. '
phuiK of 'T:il>l..iil 'and 'Soloid instruiiiriiis, two wallets for books, J oz.
MODERN MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS
148
No.
219.
Morocco
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE
Measurements 13^ X 6 X 6J in. Metal frame. Contains eight 2 oz. stoppered, ten i oz., twelve 6 dr., eight 4 dr. and ten corked phials. The rows of phials are arranged to fall so as to show the labels. Fitted with 'Tabloid' and 'Soloid' Brand products, twelve tubes of 'Tabloid' Hypodermic products, a B. W. & Co. Nickel-Plated In
leather.
:
2 dr.
Hypodermic Syringe, with two regular
No.
220.
steel needles, etc.
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE
In Morocco leather or Cowhide. Measurements 14 X si X oj in. Phials arranged in tiers to display labels. Contains eight 2 oz. stoppered, twelve i oz. fourteen 6 dr. and sixteen 4 dr. corked phials of Tabloid :
'
and 'Soloid' Brand products, twelve tubes
Hypodermic Hypodermic Syringe, two
products, a B. W. & Co. Nickel-Plated regular steel needles, space and loops for instruments, etc. design to No. 221 Case.
No.
221.
No.
'
of 'Tabloid'
Similar in
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE
221.
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE
In extra finish Cowhide, Morocco, Crocodile or Pigskin. Measurements Fitted in the same way as No. 220 Case, with the 14 X si X gj in. addition of nine 2 dr. phials of 'Tabloid' and Soloid' Brand products,
:
'
and a glass-stoppered and capped ether
No.
227.
bottle.
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE
Measurements 6k X 3! X 3 in. Made of two In Cowhide or Pigskin. metal cups and frames covered with leather. Arranged to contain twenty ij dr., twelve i dr. and fourteen i dr. tubes of 'Tabloid' and 'Soloid' Brand products. Weight, about 2 Ib. 6 oz. :
NO.
229.
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE
This case is conveniently shaped for packing in trunk, kit-bag or suit MeasureIts rounded corners prevent injury to adjacent articles. case. Made of two metal cups and frames covered ments : 8 X sj X 3} in. ' with Cowhide. Arranged to hold forty 4 dr. phials of Tabloid and Soloid Brand products. Weight, about 4 Ib. 13 oz. '
'
'
MEDICINE CHESTS AND CASES, 'TABLOID* BRAND NO.
230.
149
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE
A
Morocco leather or Cowhide case, which, when closed, measures 8 X si x i* in. Fitted with ten phials of 'Tabloid' and 'Soloid' Brand products, minor surgical instruments, and emergency dressings.
.
230.
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE
This case provides Conveniently shaped for packing in trunk or bag. a remarkably compact and satisfactory outfit of emergency drugs, instruments and dressings, and will be found of particular utility when the practitioner
NO.
is
231.
working at some distance.
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE (As suggested by
Sir
W. MOORE) black japanned
In
metal.
lof
x
Measurements 7}
x
3 in.
fifteen i oz.
one bottle
;
corked phials, 4
surgical
and
dress-
Complete
with
iments
'
corked
oz.
minor
'i
ings.
:
Contains
Tabloid 'Brand products, as recommended in W. MOORE'S Manual
etc., 5ii
of Family Mtiiicine for India.
No.
131.
'TABLOID' UKAND MEDICINK CASH
6
Ib.
14 oz.
Wright, about
MODERN MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS
150
NO.
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE C.HEST
250.
As supplied
to the late
H. M. STANLEY, EMIN PASHA, Military
Sir
Expeditions. Missionaries, etc.)
No.
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CHEST
250.
Measurements 15! x loj X SJ in. japanned sheet-steel. Weight, about 40 Ib. Contains six 5 oz. and thirty 3^ oz. glass-stoppered bottles of 'Tabloid,' Sol old and other fine products, in movable teakwood tray. The lid holds supplies of Tabloid Bandages and Dressings, minor surgical instruments and other accessories. In
:
'
'
'
'
NO.
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CHEST
251.
As supplied
to the
Jackson -Harms worth Polar, the National Antarctic
the British Antarctic and other expeditions)
No.
251.
In Aluminium.
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CHEST
Measurements: 15$ X
ioj
X
Sj
in. '
Weight, about 27 '
'
Ib.
Soloid and feather-weight bottles of Tabloid,' other fine products. In other respects the fitting is the same as No. 250. The ideal expeditionary chest when lightness and completeness are essential.
Contains forty 3^
oz.
MEDICINE CHESTS AND CASES, 'TABLOID* BRAND NO.
254.
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CHEST
(Tilt
151
Indian)
In metal. japanned Measurements g\ X 7 :
X
6}
Contains
in.
sixteen
oz.
1}
glass-
stoppered bottles, and six '
4 dr. phials of
and
'
Soloid
Brand
instruments
products,
and
carrying
tray
sundry
etc.
dressings,
about
Weight,
As
'
Tabloid
'
12
by the
carried
Ib.
late
G. W. Steevens, the war correspondent.
No.
254.
'TABLOID' BKAND MEDICINE CHBST (The Indian)
NO. 256. 'TABLOID' (As supplied to the
BRAND MEDICINE CHEST
DUKE OF THE
ABKUZZI'S POLAR EXPEDITION)
Measurements: ioj X 6 X 7$ in. Fitted with eighteen Tabloid and Soloid Brand products, 3J oz. feather-weight tubes of and a tray containing minor dressings and sundries. In
Aluminium.
'
'
A
similar chest
No. 255 Chest.
is
The
exception that the
'
'
'
supplied in black japanned metal, and is known as contents are the same as No. 356 Chest, with the
Tabloid
'
and
'
Soloid
'
Brand products are
in glass-
stoppered bottles.
No.
258.
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE In
(The Settler's)
black japanned metal.
Measurements: =J in.
of
bottles '
'
Soloid
8J
'
'
Tabloid
Brand
Hazeline
'
Bandages
in
258.
CASE
J oz.
and
products, '
'
A
and other
very compact
or planters' use, r
'TABI.OIH' BKANIJ MEDICINK
'
useful case, adapted for
.-cttlers'
No.
4^ X i
Cream, Tabloid and Dressings,
adhesive plaster accessories.
and
X
Contains twelve
outlying districts. ( TJtt Settltr't)
and
camps
MODERN MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS
152
NO.
Measurements of
'
Tabloid
Compound
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE
603.
'
:
X
6J
3^
X
Brand products
:
2
in.
Cascara
Sagrada,
Potassium Chlorate and Borax
;
and Soda-Mint
;
also one bottle of
'
with
Fitted
;
oval
five 2
gr.
bottles
Phenacetin
;
Quinine Bisulphate,
gr.
In Rex Red, Royal Blue or Brewster Green Enamelled Metal, or Aluminised Metal.
No. 700.
Measurements: 43 X 4!
;
in
'TABLOID' BRAND EMERGENCY BELT
waterproof pouches,
ments
2,
Soloid' Boric Acid, gr. 6 (perfumed).
in.,
with buckles and shoulder straps; seven
fitted as follows
:
Aluminium case of
surgical instru-
aluminium case containing Hypodermic Syringe and
'
Tabloid
'
'
'
Hypodermic products twenty-three feather-weight tubes of Tabloid and Soloid Brand products combined mortar and medicine cup, ;
'
'
;
emergency dressings,
etc.
ANTIDOTE CASE, 'TABLOID' BRAND B.
[
W. &
Co.]
Special Design, the property of Burroughs
The word 'TABLOID'
is
Wellcome
&
Co.
a brand which designates fine products & Co. This brand should always
issued by Burroughs Wellcome be specified when ordering.
A compact equipment, containing apparatus and drugs ready for immediate use in the treatment of poisoning. No.
300.
'TABLOID' BRAND ANTIDOTE CASE Measurements: 12 x 6 X
3 in.
Fitted with stomach syphon-
W. &
tube, catheter, a B.
Nickel
Hypodermic two needles.
Syringe, '
Tabloid
'
Hypodermic '
ducts, Nitrite,
chart
No.
300.
'TABLO.D' BRAND ANTIDOTE
CASE
and
'
pro-
'
Vaporole Amy: and toxicological
also
;
phials
Co.
Plated
-
eighteen three
Brand
J
oz.
tubes
of
antid
*-
ANALYSIS CASES,
'SOI.OID'
BRAND
153
ANALYSIS CASES, 'SOLOID' BRAND W. &
B.
[
Co.]
Special Designs, the property of Burroughs
Wellcome
&
Co.
The word 'SOLOID is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. This brand should always be specified when ordering. '
'SOLOID' BRAND WATER ANALYSIS CASE
NO. 500.
This convenient hand-case supplies the apparatus, reagents, necessary for examining samples of drinking-
etc.,
u the source of supply, and
for
drawing up
Analysis source
Bt
the usual reports concerning the suitability of the water for
domestic purposes. enicnts
products
loj
X
4J in.
Contains
flask, tripod, spirit-lamp,
capsules
cylinders,
x
12}
:
Erlenmeyer
basin,
of
'
Soloid
'
Brand
100
a
c.c.
nickel
evaporating
and other graduated
Nessler's
'
Solution,
Soloid
'
of
Melaphenylenediamine Sulphate, Potassium
Chromate,
Potassium
Ferrocya-
Potassi um
ni de,
Permanganate, Acid
Silver
Soap, Sodium
Nitr.ite,
Sulphate,
Zinc
etc.
In case of breakage, tftt
whale or any tingle
piece of the apparatus
may be
obtained sepa-
rately. '
Soloid
'
The supply of reagents may
be renewed.
NO.
502.
No.
'
500.
SOLOID' BRAND
WATER ANALYSIS
CASE
'SOLOID' BRAND WATER AND SEWAGE ANALYSIS CASE
In polished Mahogany. Measurements: 18} X uj x 5$ in. Contains a complete equipment specially adapted for examination of water and of sewage effluents. It is fitted with a supply of the necessary reagents and apparatus, including a special distillation outfit for the estimation of
ammonia. Full particulars o/ tktse ami otker examples ttnt an request
MODERN MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS
154
NO.
505.
'SOLO1D' BRAND BACTERIOLOGICAL CASE
No.
505.
'SOLOID'
BKAND BACTERIOLOGICAL CASE
Measurements
This case enables medical
:
its
X
X
3J
men to carry
formerly were usually submitted to
5
small size and light weight
if in.
out examinations which
to laboratory workers. it
Owing
can readily be carried in the
pocket to the patient's bedside, to obtain a blood specimen or a throat swab.
In nickel-plated metal with doeskin cover,
easily rendered aseptic,
Three stoppered
and containing
bottles, contain-
ing:
Methyl
alcohol, dr. i^
Absolute alcohol, dr. ij Distilled water, dr. it
Rod-stoppered bottle of Canada balsam
Graduated pipette
:
Metal case of needles No. 9)
Supply
of
(straight
blood-collecting
pipettes
Fifty cover-slips
Glass rod
for
powdering micro-
scopic stains, etc. Sterile
swab
Cover-glass forceps
One
Dissection forceps
Twelve microscopic
'
slides
Glass funnel watch-glasses
Packet of
filter
Soloid
'
stains
:
Eosin, Methyl Violet, Fuchsine, Romanowsky Stain, Eosin-
Spirit-lamp
Two
tube each of the following
papers
Methylene Blue, Methylene Blue, Hxmalum, Toison Blood Fluid.
URINE TEST CASKS, '.SOLOin' BRAND
155
NO. 506. 'SOLOID' BRAND BLOOD TEST CASE '
.ainj;
Alcohol,
c.c.
i
'
Brand Romanow.sky Microscopic Stain (Leishman's bottle, two 10 c.c. stoppered phials of Methyl pipette, grease pencil, and vest pocket-case contain-
Soloid
Powder), one 20
c.c,
drop
ing
six
slides
microscopic
and Hagedorn
needle in carbolised
The Hagedorn needle and alcohol.
slides microscopic are in a separate box
which
may,
if
separately required, be carried in the vest
pocket.
plated
No.
SOLOID' BRAND BLOOD TKST CASE MeuuremenU < X 3j X 1 J in.
In
nickel-
with
metal,
doeskin cover.
'
506.
:
NO. 510. 'SOLOID' BRAND URJNE TEST CASE
The This
clinical
venient
importance of urine analysis
fully recognised.
loini,
compact and conthe requirements for making an
examination of urine at the bedside. their
is
provides, in a most
cu.se
purity
Owing
to
nysi
made * l .
and accuracy, the 'Soloid' Brand
products contained in this case provide reliable test solutions without any weighing whatever being necessitated. In nickel-plated
metal,
which
is
easily
rendered aseptic. It contains a set of complete materials for making an examination of urine. both qualitative and albu-
for
quantitative,
The min, sugar, etc. a urinoEsbach's albumeter, minimeter, a graduated outfit includes
measure, pipette, tubes and stand, papers,
testtest-
-
lamp, analysis charts, and a good supply of Soloid spirit '
'
including ing's Test, 10.
'Soi.oiii' I'.KANo UKI.NK
CASK M. M r,m.nt.
4j
x
TKST
Test,
Picric
Potassium 2|
X
ij la
cyanide
and
Indigo Acid,
FerroCitric
of the apparatus can also be obtained separately. Jompletc with
K...
h
pmi.iii
156
FIRST-AID,
'TABLOID' BRAND
^
'TABLOID' BRAND FIRST-AID FOR AUTOMOBILISTS, AVIATORS, AERONAUTS, YACHTSETC.
MEN, SPORTSMEN, TRAVELLERS, TOURISTS, B.
[
W. &
Co.]
Special Designs, the property of Burroughs
The word 'TABLOID'
Wellcome
a brand which designates
is
issued by Burroughs
&
Wellcome
&
Co.
fine
products
Co.
These equipments provide compact, complete outfits of emergency medicines, dressings and first-aid accessories. Portable
and
convenient,
they comprise
cyclists, aviators, aeronauts,
No.
for
outfits
motorists,
'TABLOID' BRAND FIRST-AID
702.
No.
ideal
yachtsmen and explorers.
702.
'TABLOID' BRAND FIRST-AID
Rex Red, Royal Blue or Brewster Green Enamelled Leather. Measurements 7 X 5! X 2j in. Contains eight tubes of Tabloid and Soloid In
'
'
'
'
:
'
'
Vaporole Aromatic Ammonia, for use as "Smelling Hazeline Cream, sal volatile, Carron oil (solidified), Salts," 'Borofax,' 'Tabloid' Bandages and Dressings, tourniquet, jaconet, plaster, protective
Brand products,
'
'
skin, scissors, pins, etc., etc.
No.
706.
'TABLOID' BRAND POCKET FIRST-AID Measurements
X '
3
X
|
:
3$
Contains
in.
Tabloid
'
Bandage,
boric gauze, Carron oil (solidified), '
Vaporole
Aromatic
Ammonia,
for use as
'
"
"
Smelling Salts, adhesive plaster, court plaster, jaconet, pins,
a card of contents, In Aluminium. etc.
No.
'
706.
As
TABLOID
carried
'
BRAND POCKET FIRST-AID
by M. Louis Paulhan
Manchester, April 27-28, 1910.
in his
aeroplane flight from London to
FIKST-AID,
NO.
707.
'TABLOID' BRAND
157
'TABLOID' BRAND FIRST-AID Rex Red, Royal Blue
In
or
Enamelled
Green
Brewster
Metal, orin Aluminised Metal.
Measurements 6J X 3! x a :
'
tubes
seven
Contains
Tabloid
'
'
and
in.
of '
Soloid '
'
Brand products,
Aromatic for use as '
Vaporole
Ammonia,
"Smelling Salts,"
Carron
Borofax,'
oil
and jaconet, castor Tabloid Bandages and
(solidified) '
oil,
'
Dressings, plaster, protective skin, scissors, pins, etc., etc.
TABLOID' BKAND FIRST-AID
NO.
'TABLOID' BRAND FlRST-AlD
708.
(The Nurse's) In
Rex Red, Royal Blue Enam-
or Brewster Green elled Metal, or in
ised
ments
Alumin-
Measure6J x 3 J x 2 in.
Metal. :
Contains
'
Tabloid
'
Bandages and Dressings, * Vaporole Aromatic Am'
for use as
monia,
"
Smell1
'
ing
Borofax,
Salts,"
Carron
oil
jaconet,
plaster,
tive
skin,
(solidified),
protec- hair
camel
brush, pins, etc., and two tubes of ' Tabloid
and
No.
708.
'TABLOID' BRAND
No.
709.
Rex
Red
i in.
or
strap for attaching belt or cycle.
to
The Boy Scout's) Blue Enamelled Tabloid Bandages
Royal
Contains
'
Metal.
Measurements:
'
.
"Smelling Salts," 'Borofax,' Carron oil protective skin, camel-hair brush, pins, etc. weU>iug strap fur attaching to belt or cycle.
Ammonia,
for use as .
With
K:
'
Brand With webbing
Soloid
'TABLOID' BRAND FIRST-AID f
In
'
products.
158
FIRST-AID,
No.
710.
'TABLOID'
BRAND
'TABLOID' BRAND FIRST-AID
Measurements: f
in.
'
Contains Tabloid
'
Bandage, 'Tabloid' 'Tabloid'
Cotton,
Boric Gauze and Swab, '
Vaporole' Aromatic
Am-
monia, for use as "Smell'
ing
Salts,"
Borofax'
Acid
Ointment,
Boric
Carron
oil
adhesive
(solidified),
court
plaster,
plaster, etc.
In Scarlet
Enamelled Metal.
No.
No. In
715.
710.
'TABLOID' BRAND FiRST-Am
'TABLOID' BRAND FIRST-AID
Rex Red, Royal Blue
or Brewster Green Enamelled Metal, or in
Aluminised or Black Japanned Metal.
Measurements
X
4i
tains
X
2
in.
7$
eight tubes of
'Tabloid' '
:
Con-
'
Soloid
ducts.
and
Brand pro-
'Vaporole'
Aromatic Ammonia, " for use as Smelling '
Borofax,' sal
Salts,"
Carron
volatile,
(solidified), '
oil,
oil
castor
Tabloid
'
Bandages and Dressings, jaconet, plaster,
protective
No.
'
715.
TABLOID
'
BRAND FIRST-AID
skin,
scissors, pins, etc.
'TABLOID' BRAND
FIRST-AID,
NO.
ISO
'TABLOID' BRAND FtRST-AlD
730.
(Wall case for Offices. Theatres, Assembly Halls,
I
' .
-,
Borofax
N
X ioj X
2}
Boric
Acid
etc.)
Contains 'Tabloid' Bandages and
in.
Ointment,
Can-on
oil,
sal
volatile,
'TABLOID' HRAND FIRST-AID
-
Haxeline' Snow," 'Vaporole' Aromatic Iling Salts,"
CMiOfl, 1
Tabloid In
forceps, camel-hair brushes, '
and
'
Soloid
Mahogany, with
'
Brand products.
glass front.
adhesive plaster, court plaster,
safety-pins, etc.,
and
to phials
of
160
FIRST-AID,
'TABLOID'
BRAND
SOME CHARACTERISTIC TABLOID' AND *SOLOID' CASES For
<
>n
tlicx.-
Hypodermic. Ophthalmic, Dispensing:, Analytical and First-Aul use lour jw^c-. arc
natural ool<>ur>
<'
*>me
presented
rharacteristic
facsimile reproductions in 'TABLOID' and 'Soi.ciin'
Further particulars of these Cases will
F.<|uipiiieni>.
on the
pajje> indicatexl
under the
l>e
found
illustrations.
ASEPTIC HYPODERMIC 'TABLOID' BRAND
40
POCKET-CASE
(Registered)
(The Mussel Shell)
I-itlnl with
Aseptic
It. W. & Co. All-Clas H ypodermic Syringe
a
In Nickel-plain) Metal, with Uueskiii Cover
Measurements
i
..'/
;
r
AV,.II,
3} x
:
i
|
x J
in.
Hypodermic Pocket-Case
i/ftaifs, see
ASKPTIC:
"
Mm/em
Medical Equipments," page 140
OPHTHALMIC 'TABLOID' BRAND POCKET-CASE (Registered) and 'Soloid'
Fitted with 'Tabloid-
Ophthalmic priHlucts. CanielHair Brushes Mortar and Pestle, etc.
In Nickel-pUted Metal, with I
^V
J
.luliuit
fan-skin
Mc.isiiri-nif ills
:
(
,,v.-r
2 i x
i
|
x
Pocket-Case '
r
h:<]*if>nie*ts,"
faft
141
|
in.
SOME CHARACTERISTIC
NO.
r
TA
B
I.
OIU
'
'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE SADDLE-CASE
143
(Dust-Proof)
(Registered)
A compact case, suitable for carrying on horseback. Supplied in Cowhide.
No.
M3
'Tabloid' Medicine Saddle-Case
Measurements:
Per full
NO.
details, see
8x4^x3
in.
"Modern Medical Equipments"
fiage 146
'TABLOID* BRAND MEDICINE POCKET-CASE
133
No. 133 'Tabloid' Medfcrae Pocket-Case (Cuwhidei
Measurements: 6f x 4^ x \\
For full
details, see
in.
"Modern Medical Equipments." page
144
AND 'SOLOID* CASKS
1
NO. 216 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE
1,
.
(Registered)
Supplied
.iN.
i
in
Morocco Leather
Measurements:
>i
No. 216
'
TaUoid
for full
'
x 5
|
x 3 jin.
Medicine Case (Cowhide)
details, see
"Modern Medical Equipments
"
page
NO. 232 'TABLOID' BRAND MEDICINE CASE
147
(Registered)
Contain* th.~- instru-
menu
aiui
rcquishe for tiH-r^ency.
must
uv in A compact
.111
Outfit.
Tabloid' MnliciiM* Case (Cowhide)
Mc.iMirements
For/uil
details, see
" Modtr*
:
8} x 5) x
Closed
)J in.
Mednal Kymi^mentt,"
/toge 144
SOMK CHARACTERISTIC CASKS
164
NO. ?10 'SOLOID' BRAND URINE TEST CASE (Registered)
'
' No. 510 Soloic! Urine Test Case
(Nickel-plated Metal)
Measurements 51 x 2 I x
i
:
i in.
Complete with Doeskin Cover
For full
details, see
"Modern Medical Equipments," page
No. 702 'TABLOID' BRAND FIRST-AID In
Rex Red, Royal Blue
155
(Registered)
or Brewster Green
Enamelled Leather
Measurements x 5 J x 2 Jin. :
7
No. 702 'Tabloid'
For full
First- Aid
details, see
(Brewster Green Enamelled Leather)
"Modern Medical Equipments,"
<>]><-u
/>age 156
PRODUCTS
STANDARDISE
DISPENSING
OVER THE WORLD
ALL No matter when
or
where the physician's prescriptions
are dispensed, the patient will
same standard
the
of
receive
activity,
medicaments
accuracy
of
and dosage,
prescribing B. W. & Co. products the physician safeguards his own reputa-
By
tion
as well as his patient's
welfare, and simplifies dispensing for the foreign
pharmacist.
so
long as the products of Burroughs Wellcome
&
Co.
are specified. B.
W. &
Continent,
Co.
and
have Offices and Warehouses Depots
in
every
civilised
in
every
community.
Their products are stocked by, or are within the reach of,
every Pharmacist.
DANGEROUS ABBREVIATION
genuine
When may
Tabloid
words
always be of
'
'
The
written B.
in
W. &
'
and
ensure
to
full
Co.
Soloid
'
should
the
supply
products.
ordering a certain product an abbreviation
bring you what you do not want, and thereby
cause serious disappointment. '
To
write
'
Soloid,'
contraction
any
when these brands are
duces an element
of doubt.
Why
'
Behind the brands
Tabloid
'
of
intended,
'
or
intro-
take the risk
and
years of research, experience and
whole foundation
Tabloid
of
?
'
Soloid
endeavour
Burroughs Wellcome
&
'
are the
Co.'s
reputation.
When
'Tabloid'
or 'Soloid'
-
-
is
written, in whatever part of the world the prescription is dispensed, the patient will receive the
genuine products activity
of
same
uniform strength and unvarying
compounded with exceptional accuracy from
ingredients of the highest standard of purity. It
is
best and safest, therefore, to write the word
in full, thus
FORMULARY OF
PRODUCTS
FINE
ISSUED BY
BURROUGHS WELLCOME & Co.
The Products of Burroughs Wellcome A Co. are guaranteed by them under the Food and Drugs Act, June 30, 1906. Serial No. 3394 '
'Alaxa
DOSE
Aromatic Liqueur of Cascara Sagrada
Va.rk)
An
aromatic liqueur which presents the tonic laxative properties of cascara sagrada in a
One-half
pleasant and acceptable form.
fuls.
Alkaloids,
'
Ammonium
Wellcome
'
Chloride
Brand
(see pages
Inhaler,
to
two teaspoon-
247-262)
Brand
'Vaporole'
(seepage 245^
Analysis Cases,
'
Soloid
Analysis Charts, packets Anaesthetics, Local
Compounds, page
\
'
Brand
(see pages 153-155^
of 25.
(see 'Tabloid'
Hypodermic Anaesthetic
jSJ
Antidote Case, 'Tabloid* Brand
(see
album
Aol,' a derivative of Santalum (TraJe Ma>k) Brand products, page 2Q&) '
Arylarsonates
page
\*>z) '
(see
Tabloid
'
'Soamin.'/a^ 197 >
(see
Bacteriological Case, 'Soloid'
Brand
(seepage 154;
Compressed, 'Tabloid'
Bandages, Pleated
Brand
(see page 169) 1
Bivo
'
Beef and Iron i.itivc .uid
Wine
stimulant.
which distinguish
it
!'-
.tional
|>n>|-uic>
from orlin;uy U-ef-wines.
rkarinacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated
REMEMBER THE TRADE
168
'
Borofax
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
MARKS
BRAND BORIC ACID OINTMENT
'
(Trade Mark)
An '
and sedative
emollient, possessing antiseptic
Brockedon
'
properties.
Products
&
Burroughs Wellcome
Co. are the successors
to,
and
sole
BROCKEDON, who, ORIGINATED COMPRESSED MEDICINES
proprietors of, the business of
in
1842, the shape of bi-convex discs
in
COMPRESSED
of '
Brockedon
'
issued under the designation
PILLS.
Brand Bicarbonate of Soda,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
Chlorate
boxes of three
in
.,
Potass
,,
,.
,,
,,
,,
,,
Chemicals, 'Wellcome' Brand
sizes
(see pages 247 -262,1
CHESTS AND CASES
W. &
(B.
Co.)
A
comprehensive selection of chests and cases is prepared and issued under the 'TABLOID' and 'SoLOlo' Brands, fitted with medicines for every variety of climate, and varying in size
and contents, from the fully-equipped
supplies
down
sufficient
medical
for
chests containing
to
officers
expeditions, etc., to the compact pocket-cases suited to the needs of the
private practitioner.
Analysis Cases, 'Soloid' Brand (seepage
Antidote Case, 'Tabloid' Brand '
Antiseptic Cases,
Soloid
(see
153,)
page 152}
Brand
'
Fitted with from four to eighteen containers of
Brand
'
Soloid
'
antiseptics.
Bacteriological Case, 'Soloid' Brand
Blood Test Case, Soloid '
First-Aid, 'Tabloid'
'
Brand
Brand
(see
page
154,)
(seepage 155,)
(seepages 156-160)
Hypodermic Pocket=Cases, 'Tabloid' Brand
(see
pages I37-I4IJ
Medicine Chests and Cases,
'
Tabloid
'
Brand
(see
pages 142-152}
Urine Test Case, 'Soloid' Brand Phannacopaeial preparations are U.S. P.
(see
^tnless
page 155}
otherwise stated
IfUtUttK TMl
ISSUED BY
Compound
AND
W.
B.
Menthol
Ml
CO.
Snuff
(B.
W. &
Hypodermic Syringe, The
Dental
B.
Co.)
W. &
(see
Co.
(see page 177 )
DRESSINGS, SURGICAL IS 'TABLOID' BRAND Pleated
Compressed Dressings were originated and Burroughs Wellcome A Co.
The word 'TABLOID'
is
introduced
by
a brand which designates fine products & Co. To ensure the supply of this brand should always be
issued by Burroughs Wellcome pure and reliable preparations, specified when ordering.
'
The introduction of ' Tabloid Pleated Compressed Bandages and Dressings marks an important advance in the preparation ical accessories. These bandages and dressImportant re made of materials of the finest quality, and advance iccted to great pressure under which each in
wrapped
After compression, each is an impervious covering of parchment
shape.
rectangular .iut
paper.
The
'
'
Tabloid Dressings over the ordinary very marked, not only in convenience and compactness, but also in quality of materials. Notwithstanding variety
superiority of is
Graphic
-.ing '
i,
(ona-balf actul >iz). *howtn$ an ordinary and a Tabloid Bandana Each 9 yardi X - J u ch
rapreaaotatton
relative bulk of
th
in
'
'
SJKICC
tlius
effected
by means of com-
'
Tabloid
I':
those in ordinary use.
ur
yet as easily unfolded as
Other advantages an
ilnir
n
rharmafofxxial preparations arc U.S.T. unless otherwise stated
TRADE
170
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
MARKS
Dressings, 'Tabloid' Br and
continued
from contamination, exceptional evenness of medication, and extreme compactness which enables them easily to be carried in the
hand-bag, saddle- or cycle-case.
The
illustration on page 169, representing an ordinary and a pleated bandage, graphically demonstrates the striking difference in their relative size, and renders apparent the consequent '
'
by the use of Tabloid Pleated Compressed Bandages and Dressings, while their flattened sides enable them, even bulk for bulk, to be packed still more closely and compactly than the old-fashioned rounded roller-bandage
economy
in
in space
common
use.
'
'
Tabloid
pleated
bandages
modern
surgical
provided
and
issued
also
Surgical Dressings are
By means
impervious coverings.
special
The
effected
sterilised in
of these sterilised
dressings the last are adequately
practice
requirements
and
of
conveniently
for.
following are issued in packages of
I
dozen
:
Absorbent Cotton between Gauze, Pleated Com'
pressed,
'
Tabloid
Brand-
In 2 ounce packets.
Bandages, Pleated Compressed, Open Wove, I in. x 6 yds.
'
Tabloid
'
Brand-
2\ in. x 6 yds. z\ in. x 5 yds. Triangular (Esmarch's Pictorial), in packets of 2 bandages ,,
,,
Flannel,
Carbolised
Tow, Pleated
Compressed,
'
Tabloid
'
Brand In 2 ounce packets.
Cotton, Pleated Compressed, 'Tabloid'
Brand-
ounce, in packets of 4 (not supplied
Absorbent,
sterilised) ,,
I
Boric,
I
Double Cyanide, 3%,
I
lodoform,
I
and and and and
2 ounce packets 2 ,, ,, 2
,,
,,
2
,,
,,
Pharinacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise slated
nixcHitn TMI
ISSUED
BV
B.
AND
W.
CO.
TRAM
MAJIK*
171
Dressings. 'Tabloid' Bran AtontiH Ciauzes,
'
Tabloid
Brand
packets of 3 yds. (compressed) I in. x i yd. , sterilised only 2 in. x I yd. x inI ,, 3 ydx in. of 36 packets 3 yds. (compressed) O ycU. 1 in. x 2 in. x 6 yds. 3 in. x 6 yds. 1 in. 12 yds. 2 in. 1 2 yds. 3 in. x 12 yds. in packets of 3 yds. (compressed) in
Al<>rl>ent,
Hismuth,
'
in
cartons of 6,
Boric, I )< mli Ic Cyanide,
3%,
,.
3 yds. i yd.
,,
6 yds. x
,,
3 yds.
,,
lodoform,
3 yds.
Sal Alembroth, 1%,
Lint, Pleated
in.
Compressed, 'Tabloid' Brand
Plain,
I
Boric,
i
Carbolised,
I
and 2 ounce packets and 2 ,, ,, ,,
Medicinal
Effervescent
i
,,
Substances,
'
Tabloid
'
Brand In the preparation of 'Tabloid' Effervescent products, only ingredients of exceptional purity are employed, and special method-, are adopted to retain their effervescent properties.
On
account of their relatively small surface, the ' Tabloid products are much less liable to deterioration than the ordinary Mixed with water they promptly render granular preparations.
'
a refreshingly effervescent nature and accurate 'Tabloid' Brand Effervescent Products,
of
draughts \.
(See
-i?)
*ZZ
'ELIXOID'
PRODUCTS
The word 'ELIXOID' is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. This brand should always be specified when ordering. Ki IXOIP' iN
I'.raixl ,,["
Products are elegant and acceptable fluid
imiHirt.mi
medicaments
to
which agreeable
rharmacojxeial preparations arc U.S.T. unless otherwise stated
REMEMBER THE
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
MARKS
TRADE
172
'Elixoid' Brand Product s flavours
continued
have been imparted without
any degree diminish-
in
ing their physiological activity.
'ELIXOID' BRAND Ammonium Valerate, Each
fluid
in bottles of 8 Imperial
drachm contains Ammonium Valerate,
Formates Compound,
in bottles of
fl.
oz.
gr. 2.
4 Imperial
fl.
oz.
Each fluid ounce contains Calcium Formate, gr. 12 Sodium Formate, gr. 6; and Magnesium Formate, gr. 6. :
in bottles of
Qlycerophosphates, Each
ounce contains
fluid
4
gr.
;
;
I.
in bottles of
fluid
4 Imperial
fl.
oz.
drachm contains Mucin,
Phosphates of
Iron,
in suspension, gr. 2^.
Quinine and Strychnine
Pine Tar Compound,
A
4 Imperial fl. oz. Calcium Glycerophosphate, ;
phate, gr.
Each
:
Sodium Glycerophosphate, gr. 2 Potassium and Magnesium Glycerophosgr. 2
Glycerophosphate,
Mucin,
;
in bottles of
4 Imperial
fl.
oz.
pleasantly-flavoured preparation containing Tar. 'Pinol,'
Terpin Hydrate, Wild Black Cherry, Tolu and Ipecac in a convenient and acceptable form. l
Also various other preparations issued under the Elixoid'
ys
The word
'
'ENULE' BRAND RECTAL SUPPOSITORIES
EN U LE
issued by Burroughs
The
'
Brand
ENULE
'
is
a brand which designates & Co.
fine
products
Wellcome
'
Rectal Suppository possesses conspicuous advantages over those of the ordinary conical shape, which are difficult to introduce,
and
may even
be expelled.
'Enule'
Suppositories are encased in sheaths of pure tinfoil, easily They contain accurate stripped off at the moment of using.
doses of pure drugs, the active principles of which are evenly diffused throughout the mass, and they retain the full activity of the
medicament
for
long periods of time.
Phannacopceial preparations are U.S. P. tmless otherwise stated
TMt
RIUCMtCII
ISSUED BY
I
n u
:
F.nul*
I
'
e
'
AND
W.
B.
TRAM HMKt
CO.
Brand Rectal Suppositorie *
Bimnd Rectal Suppository removal of thoiMh
173
continued
ppoitory
bowing sheath
fier
of pu
i
tinfoil
Tbis shape originated by Burroughs Wellcome t Co.
PROF. CASPAR I, "
in his
Treatise on
Pharmacy, says:
The
usual shape of rectal suppositories is that of a cone with a rounded apex, but the difficulty of readily introducing them into the rectum has led to the designing of a new shape by H. S. Wellcome, of London, the great advantages of which become apparent when it is remembered that the bulbous end is inserted into the rectum, "pinion and thai, as soon as the greatest diameter has been passed, expulsion of the suppository is impossible by reason of the tractile force of the sphincter muscle, which renders retention of the ordinary conical shape often so difficult."
Each kind
is
issued in boxes of
one dozen
(of
one strength)
ENULE' BRAND-
DIRECTION
NO. ,,
26.
Belladonna Extract
27.
gr.
1/4
gr.
1/2
,,
9.
Bismuth Suligallate
gr.
10
.,
14.
Cocaine Hydrochloride
gr.
1/2
,,
25.
Gall and
Opium
...
Acidi Tannici Ext. Opii
gr. 3 gr. 1/4
1.
Glycerin (Anhyd.), 95
2.
Glycerin (Anhyd.), '
5.
Hazcline
As required As required As required As required As required
/
957,
Children's size Adults' size
'
Compound
...
...
...
As As As
required
As
required
As
required
required
required
'
Containing Hazcline,' Extract of Hamamelis ' and Zinc Oxide. Hazeline (See also '
Suppositories) ',
.cad
9 3.
and Opium
...
Plumlii Acetatis Pulv. Opii ...
gr. 3 gr. I
Meat, I'redL
Children's size Adults' size
.ling gr. 8}
and
concentrated peptone o.
>
gr. 15, respectively, of from choice fresh beef.
Milk, Predigested jng
gr. 10
and
gr. 18, respectively, of
concentrated peptone from
new
milk.
rharmatopaial preparations are U.S.F. unless otherwise stated
REMEMBER THE
174
TRADE
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
MARKS
'Enule' Brand Rectal S u pposi tor es i
continued
'ENULE' BRAND-
DIRECTION
NO. 29.
,,
Morphine and Belladonna Morphinae Hydrochloridi
Jjl
As ...
Ext. Belladonnas 6.
,,
1
,,
17-
Morphine Hydrochloride
,,
18.
,,
20.
Opium
,,
13.
Quassin,
Extract
...
Amorphous
gr.
1/4
gr.
1/2
gr.
i
gr.
I
gf.
1/2
...
..:
As required As required As required As required
One on each
The
bitter principle of quassia wood, used in the treatment of thread-
worms, especially 8.
Quinine Bisulphate 21. Santonin
,, ,,
23.
nights
As
required
ST.
3
As
required
As
required
...
gr. 7 gr. 7
Also other products issued under the '
Enule
'
least
5
Sappnis Animalis Sodii Sulphatis Exsiccati
at
12 successive
gr.
Soap Compound Ij;
of
in children. ...
required
gr. 1/4 gr. 1/2
'
Enule Brand '
Brand Rectal Suppositories must be stored
a cool and
in
dry place.
'EPININE' PRODUCTS
TEX
'Epinine'
(3
4-dihydroxyphenylethylmethylamine),
:
I
in
100
Epinine,' the synthetic haemostatic, introduced and prepared by Burroughs Wellcome & Co., possesses the characteristic Compared sympatho-mimetic action of supra-renal extract. '
with adrenine, its pressor activity in the cat was found to be i 10, while the rise of blood-pressure produced by Epinine persists longer than that produced by a dose of adrenine which '
'
:
raises the pressure to
the action of
an equal maximum. '
'
Epinine
is
In all other respects, similar to that of the natural supra-
renal active principle.
The
uses of
'
'
Epinine
correspond in every respect to those
principally haemostatic
of the natural extract
and
styptic.
Being a synthetic preparation, forming crystalline salts, the can be guaranteed, and its chemical purity of Epinine solutions may be sterilised without undergoing decomposition. '
'
Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P.
tinless
otherwise stated
MMCUM*
ID BY
'
Ep n ne i
'
AND
W.
II.
CO.
flUOt
TMI
175
MAIIKI
continued
i
In amber-coloured stoppered bottles containing 10 c.c.
and
.c.
A
'
sufftY of
Sotiium Chloride, 0-23 fin., for frefaring saline solution, is included with each hottle.
Solaitl'
'Epicaine'
(
normal
Mark) ('Epinine' and Cocaine Hydro-
l >.,/<
chloride), [>n-M nis special and obvious advantages, and renders I*>ssiMe a |>ractically painless and bloodless minor surgery.
In amber-coloured stoppered bottles containing 10 c.c. '
'
'
Vaporole
KpiniiH-.'
1 ;
;ne,'
Brand, see page 244 Brand, seepage 245
'ERNUTIN' BRAND PRODUCTS
ES The
'Vaporole
characteristic effects
the induction of which ergot
which have
principles, logical
Research
contain
little
on the uterus and blood-pressure, for is exhibited, are due to certain active
Wellcome Physio-
l>een isolated at the
Laboratories.
Many
ergot
preparations or none of these principles, and give negative or even harmful results. '
XUTIN products present the active therapeutic principles of ergot, in a state of purity which hitherto has never been iu-d. They are free from undesirable concomitants, and produce exact therapeutic manufacture,
'
effects.
Ernutin," controlled
finally subjected to physiological standardisation, by observation of its effects upon the uterus and bloodin
and
,
'
Ernutin
is
1ms, therefore, a constant
'
(Oral)
In
i,
4 and 16
and unvarying fl.
amlier-coloured stoppered bottles.
'Ernutin'
(for
\\\i\S
Hypodermic
strength.
DOSE
oz.
3Oto6ominims
use)
(see
'Vaporole'
page 245)
For full particulars of the pharmacology and therapeutics of 'Ernutin' products, see special booklet.
Ether,
in
hermetically-sealed glass capsules, each containing
mill. 60. 1
I
:
uCa
'
I
>
p t in
,
pure
nlaining
oil
of
Ewalyplus globulus and deodorant.
-I'iratory disinfectant 2 Ini[>crial fl. oz.
First-Aid, 'Tabloid'
Brand
(iauzes, 'Tabloid' Brand
(see pages 156-160;
( see t\i*c
Glycerin 'Enule' Suppositories I'harmacopaial preparations are
/..S'./'.
171; < tee
page 173)
unless otherwise stated
REMEMBER THE
176
TRADE
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
MARKS
'HAZEMNE' PRODUCTS DOSE
An anodyne
Brand
'Hazeline'
and styptic fluid obtained by distillation from the fresh
Hamaiiielis mrginiatia, in 4 and 1 6 oz.
fl.
Imperial
young
dr.
I
to dr. 3
twigs.
bottles.
Hazeline
'
Combines
Cream, in and
anodyne
astringent and lient properties.
collapsible tubes glass pots. '
emol-
'
Hazeline Soap, in boxes of 3 tablets.
Contains pure Hazeline.'
''Hazeline' Snow," (Trade Mark)
A non-greasy preparation, owing
in glass pots.
its
astringent,
and
soothing
healing
properties to the
pre-
sence of a high percen' tage of Hazeline.' :
Hazeline
'
tories, in
One
Supposi- Contain pure 'Hazeline.' boxes of 12.
(See also
'
Enule
'
'
Hazeline
as
required
'
Compound, page
Also other preparations issued under the
'
Hazeline
173) '
Brand
HYPODERMIC APPARATUS SYRINGES
AlUGlass Aseptic Hypodermic Syringe, The B. W. Barrel,
piston
solid
piston
and nozzle consist
entirely
of glass.
&
Co.
The
obviates
any necessity for packing. May be instantly taken apart and sterilised. In four sizes, min. 15, min. 20, min. 60, or I c.c., with two steel needles.
A
detachable finger-grip (nickel-plated), entirely
from the working parts of the syringe, can be A ' Tabloid Brand Detachable Sheath-Grip is supplied. distinct
'
also issued for use with this syringe. (If desired, platino-iridium needles
All-Glass Aseptic
The
B.
W. &
can be
fitted)
Hypodermic Syringe (H
Pattern),
Co.
Constructed specially for intramuscular infection. Min. 20 or min. 40, each with two intramuscular steel needles. Pkannacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated
ruCUICR THE
KD BV
W.
B.
AND
HMM
TIUO
CO.
177
Hypodermic SYK
i
Dental Hypodermic Syringe, The B. W. &,Co. Made nf solid metal throughout therefore durable and easily ;
Min. 30, with adjustable finger-grip, and three steel needles needle-attachment*,
rendered throe
a>eptic.
;
complete
in nickel-plated
metal case, with doeskin cover.
Hypodermic Syringe, The
W. &
B.
Co.
Nozzle detachable, so that the solution of a 'Tabloid' Hypodermic product may be effected in the
Solid Silver.
With
barrel.
two
needles,
platino-iridium
case.
in
Capacity, min. 20.
Hypodermic Syringe, The Nickel-plated. grip.
W. &
B.
With two regular
Co.
steel needles
and
finger-
Capacity, min. 15 or min. 20.
(If desired, platino-iridium needles
Mercury Succinimide
can be
The
Outfit,
B.
fitted)
W. &
Co.
For treatment with Mercuric Succinimide.
CONTENTS The
B.
W. &
Co. All-Glass Aseptic Syringe (H pattern),
min. 20. Tu<> Platino-iridium Needles.
Two
Hypodermic No. Complete in metal
'Tabloid'
tubes
Succinimide, gr. 1/5.
Serum The
Syringe,
The
B.
W. &
composed
v.
98,
Mercuric
case.
Co. All-Glass Aseptic entirely of glass, the needle
by a flexible rubber joint which In five sizes, 2 c.c., 3 c.c., 5 c.c., guards against fracture. 10 c.c. or 25 c.c., with two steel needles, in metal case. taint; attached to the nozzle
(If desired, platino-iridium needles
Serum Syringe, The In
nickel -plated
metal
B.
W. &
case,
can be
fitted)
Co. Nickel-plated
complete,
with
two special
platino-iridium needles, capacity 5 c.c. or IO c.c.
Needles for B.
W. &
( Full
Co. Syringes
list, etc.,
sent on request)
reparations are U.S.J'. unless otherwise stated
REMEMBER THE TRADE
178
FORMULARY OF FINE 1'KODUCTS
MARKS
HYPODERMIC PRODUCTS T
f
.'
The word
'
'TABLOID' BRAND
TABLOID
1
a brand which designates fine products & Co. This brand should always
is
issued by Burroughs Wellcome be specified when ordering.
"They
are quite free from objectionable
and
irritative salts."
British Medical Journal.
"
They
are very soluble and not at all irritating."
Lancet.
'Tabloid' Hypodermic products accurately contain the stated
They are rapidly soluble, weight of pure medicament. uniform activity, and they keep perfectly.
STRENGTH
PREPARATION
of
DOSE
'TABLOID' BRAND No.
(Hypodermic)
,,
36
Aconitine Nitrate
,,
71.
*Anaesthetic
...
Compound,
Cocainae Hydrochloridi... MorphinEB Hydrochloridi
IJ
Sodii Chloridi
* ,,
70.
,,
*
80. IJ
Anaesthetic
Anaesthetic
gr. i/io gr. 1/50 gr. 9/10
...
51-
As
required
gr. 3-15/16
\
gr. ,,
required
gr. 7/16
Apomorphine Hydrochloride
87.
As
gr. 1/5 gr. 1/50 gr. 9/10
Compound, C
Eucainas Lactatis Sodii Chloridi
,,
As required
Compound, B
Cocainae Hydrochloridi... Morphinae Hydrochloridi Sodii Chloridi
]J
One
1/640
gr.
A
gr-
,,
1/20 gr. grI/IS z / 10 * I
\
gr
19f
-
Apomorphine Hydrochloride
One 1 Strychnine
Hydrochloride gr.
,,
Atropine Sulphate
15.
1413-
"
2I
"
f Atropine Sulphate \Strychnine Sulphate
.
1/60 }
1/20 i/i
to
BY
i:l>
AND
W.
B.
HAM*
Tiuee
CO.
Hypodermic Products. 'Tabloid' Bran d
17 ;,
continued
DOSE
STRKNCTII
'TABLOID' HRAM. (Hypodermic) No.
fAtropine Sulphate ehnine Sulphate
,, 2
...
gr.
I/ISO\ ^ Q
...
gr.
1/80
J
,.
43.
'Caffeine Sodio-salicylate
gr.
1/2
..
23. 22.
Cocaine Hydrochloride
...
gr.
i/io ^
...
gr.
1/6
|gr.
..
54. 40.
...gr.
1/4 1/2
I
..
44. 77.
*
...
gr.
gr. i/2togr.
gr.
J
"Cotarnine Hydrochloride
gr.
1/4
gr.
Curara
......
...
gr.
1/12
gr. gr.
;
>.
Digitalin
(Amorphous)
...
gr.
l/lOO
gr. gr-
W
fDieitalin (Amorphous)
o/:
{Strychnine Sulphate aa
125.
..
38.
..
37.
02 o.
...
*/ Ergotinine Citrate \Morphine Sulphate /
"Kr^otinine Citrate
chnine Sulphate
*Kr^)t..xine
...
Morphine Sulphate ...
.-Inline 1C
Sulphate
1/12
to
1/2
i/ioo to 1/3
^ One to
two
One
to
two
1/200 1/50
\ J-
...
gr. gr.
i/2OO\ i/ioo/
gr.
...
...
gr.
i/ioo\
o
...
gr. 1/6
...
gr. i/ioo~\
...
gr.
...
...
/
gr.
to
7
n ^
1/20 )
gr.
I/ioo
One
gr.
I/IOO\
Q
to
two
(
gr. 1/6
...
gr.
...
gr. I/2O
l/iool
^
}
(/- I'iiysostigmine)
1
J 'Hiifin
to
aa gr. i/iooj
...... I
1/4 1/2
i/ioo)
(Amorphous)
Ergotinine Citrate
:>
nti.
gr.
-(Strychnine Sulphate (Trinitrin
,.
^
-
( Digitalin ..
to
1/2
Cocaine Compounds (see Anaesthetic Compounds A and B, page 178) Codeine Phosphate ... gr. 1/4 gr. l/4togr. 2 gr.
46.
i/io
4
2 (others contain .
\.
/'.
20)
unless otherwise stated
REMEMBER THE
180
TRADE
MARKS
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
Hypodermic Products, 'Tabloid' Bran A
continued
STRENGTH
PREPARATION
DOSE
'TABLOID' BRAND (Hypodermic) No. ,,
112.
"3-
*Eucaine Lactate..
gr- 1/3
*
Heroin Hydrochloride
102.
101.
,,
gr.
i
gr-
1/25
l/3togr. 2
gr.
gr- 1/12
,,
gr.
1/6
127-
gr.
47.
Homatropine Hydrochloride
\
gr.
1/250)
Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros. Hydrargyri Succinimidi
Hyoscine Hydrobromide
49100. * 48.
95.
,,
*Hyoscine Compound, Hyoscinae Hydrobromidi
gr.
1/250 1/20
to
Mercuric Succinimide)
gr.
1/200 \ i/ioo
gr.
i/75
gr.
A ...
gr.
Mercuric Chloride)
(see
(see
1/25 to 1/6
gr.
creased)
One gr.
i/ioo
1/200
to
gr. i/ioo (in-
ISSUED BY
B.
Hypodermic Products, 'Tabloid' Bran acontinueti STRENGTH
I'KKr.ARATIOX
'TABLOID*
HRANI>
(Hypodermic)
DOSB
TRADE
182
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
MARKS
Hypodermic Products, 'Tabloid' B r and
continued
STRENGTH
PREPARATION
DOSE
'TABLOID' BRAND (Hypodermic) No. ,,
103.
,,
42.
*Quinine Bisulphate *Quinine Hydrobromide
,,
56.
*Sparteine Sulphate
...
,,
52.
...
...
,.
109.
,,
1
Strophanthin
...
gr.
5
gr.
i
...
gr.
1/2
gr.
i/2togr.2
gr.
1/2
gr.
gr.
1/500
gr.
1/2 togr. i 1/500 to
gr.
Strychnine Hydrochloride
10.
,,
...
,,
in,,
62.
Strychnine Nitrate
61. ,,
18.
,,
17. 1
,,
Strychnine Sulphate ,,
I/I0
...
gr.
...
gr.
I/I
...
gr.
i/ioo 1/60 gr- 1/50 gr. 1/40 gr- 1/30 gr. 1/20 gr.
75-
123.
,,
'i
1/15 \gr. 1/150 i/io j gr i/io
99-
,,
,
'
gr.
104.
,,
i/ioo
'
...
6.
126.
1/200 \ gr. i/ioo V gr gr. 1/30 J gr.
togr. 5
{Strychnine \Tnmtrm
Sulphate ...
...
gr.
...
gr.
Trinitrin (Nitroglycerin)
1/50 | i/iooj
to
I/IO
Q
1/250) gr. 1/250 ... 115. gr. i/ioo/ gr. 1/50 361. *'Tyramine' (Trade Mark), O-O2 gm. 65.
gr.
(Para-hydroxyphenyl-
[gr.
1/3]
to
to
One
ethylamine) *
In tubes of 12 (others contain 20) Also various other Hypodermic products issued under the
'
Tabloid''
Brand.
Hypodermic Veterinary Products, 'Tabloid' Brand ( Full particulars sent on request)
Inhaler
Ammonium
Chloride Inhaler,
'
'
Vaporole
Brand
A
'
remarkably compact apparatus which will deliver perfectly neutral vapour of pure Ammonium Chloride. For use in above Inhaler. Vaporole Acid '
~\
'Vaporole' Alkali / In boxes of 12. A Nasal Attachment is also supplied above Inhaler.
for use
with
Fkannacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated
HIUtHMR TNI
KD BY
B.
W.
AND
AOt
CO.
*"
183
'KEPLER' MALT EXTRACT AND COMBINATIONS
'::..'
SPECIAL CAUTION.
Many attempts are made to imitate Malt Products, hence, as malt preparations vary greatly
'
'
Kepler
it is necessary to take precautions against subVerbal instructions are not safe. To prevent fraud it
in dietetic value,
stitution. is
best to write prescriptions for original bottles. .11
'Kepler' preparations, one teaspoonful
to
two
rtspoonfuls.
I'KKPARATION AM> STKKNC.TH KK' MAI.T KXTRACT
A
most ivliableand highly-concentrated extract, prepared Its dietetic the finest winter-malted barley. value depends not only on its high diastatic powu>, from
hut also on the albuminoids, phosphates, etc. , which
it
contains.
Ditto with
r.F.i.i
'Uiiil
and
Ditto with :i
Each
Ammonium
Extract of Beef, gr.
i
and Iron
;
Citrate, gr. 1/8
CASCARA SAGRADA
fluid
Ditto witli
AND IKON
drachm contains:
ounce contains Extract of Cascara Sagrada,
gr.
6
H KMOGLOBIN
fluid
ounce contains Haemoglobin,
gr. 8-3/4
Ditto with llYI'oI'HoSI'ltlTKS iuid ounce contains: Calcium Hypophosphite, gr. 8; Potassium Hypophosphite, gr. 4; and .Sodium Hypophusphitc, gr. 4
Ditto with
IKON
fluid
ounce contains Soluble Iron Pyrophosphate,
Ditto wiih I;;>N fluid
ounce contains Iron and Quinine Citrate, gr. 7-1/2
Ditto with IKON tluid
Ditto
IODIDK
ounce contains Iron Iodide,
ININK
\\it
;>hate, gr. 3/8
)itto
with
I'l
;
1/2
;
Quinine
gr. 1/64
:
'iiii DIIIK
Ditto with
gr. a
AM) STRYCHMM.
ounce contains : Iron Phosphate, gr. and Strychnine 1'liovphale,
iuiil
I
gr. 4
AMI OUIM.NK CIIKATK
i-oniains
pare Pepsin, gr. 4
I'lii'spii.
tiuid
ounce contains pure Phosphorus,
l'ha> nuit-opaial preparations are
/..V./'.
gr. 1/64
unless otherwise stated
TRADE
184
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
MARKS
'Kepler' Malt Extract and Combination s
-continued
'KEPLER' SOLUTION (OF COD LIVER OIL IN MALT EXTRACT) Among known fatty food-stuffs in nature the highest in -
nutritive value
is
most readily assimilated, by the tissues. It is, it repairs waste, and
also the
and that most
easily utilised tissue-builder ;
a
moreover,
fortifies resistance against disease.
The drawbacks
of cod liver oil in a natural state have always been the nausea, unpleasant eructations and alimentary disturbances it produces even when given in the purest form. Kepler Solution (of Cod Liver Oil in Malt Extract) is especially designed to over'
'
come
these
in
difficulties
In this
administration.
presents the purest cod liver oil intimately incorporated in a state of minute molecular subdivision
form
it
with the finest extract of winter-malted barley. diffused
Thoroughly
is
digestion
'
'
in
Kepler
Malt
unique palatability makes
it
its its
readily acceptable to the
most delicate children and fastidious even in the most debilitated of subjects tion
Extract
easy and assimilation certain, while
patients, its
and
administra-
followed by a rapid increase in weight and
is
strength. Initial doses
should be small, and increases, gradual.
Ditto with HYPOPHOSPHITES PotasEach fluid ounce contains Calcium Hypophosphite, gr. sium Hypophosphite, gr. 2 and Sodium Hypophosphite, gr. 2 :
;
;
Ditto with IRON IODIDE Each fluid ounce contains Iron Iodide, Ditto with
Each
gr. 2
PHOSPHORUS
fluid
ounce contains pure Phosphorus,
gr. 1/64
Also various other products issued under the
'
'
Kepler
Brand Lint,
Pleated
page
Compressed,
Brand
'Tabloid'
(see
171,)
Malt Extract
'
(see
KEPLER, 'page 183 )
Medicine Chests and Cases,
'
Tabloid
'
Brand
(see
pages 142-152,) Pharmacopixial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated
IMIMMft TMI
ISSUED BY
AND
W.
B.
TMM
CO.
MAlm*
185
&
(B. W. Co.) extremely effective and convenient combination of menthol, ammonium chloride, Epinine.' etc., issued in enamelled tins, after the manner of old-fashioned
Menthol Snuff, Compound An
'
black-and-gold snuff boxes.
Mercury Succinimide
Outfit,
(see
The
W. &
B.
Co.
Hypodermic Apparatus, page
l
Jj)
Methyl Alcohol (Pure) use in microscopic staining.
Ki>r
In hermetically-sealed glass
phials, each containing 15 c.c. (approx. J '
Microscopic Stains,
Soloid
'
Brand
fl.
(see
oz.).
page 205)
Mucin
(in scales) uipound substance consisting of protein and a carlx>hydrate given internally in those conditions in which bismuth i-. usually prescribed. Bottles conlaining I oz.
Nasal Medicaments, 'Soloid' Brand Needles,
f"r
(see page
Hypodermic and Serum Syringes.
201)
(Full listen
a. )
silver-plated, 8-inch, with bulb the size
Needles, Urethral, of the [xiint of a
Nessler's
No. 12 French bougie.
Solution,
'Soloid'
capsules (see
glass
Brand
Products, pagt 204)
\
/inc
(Trade Murk) salt of sulphanilic acid.
readily
soluble
mmendcd
in for
Bottles containing
'Opa' C/'rtiJe
I.i'.'cn-
Mart)
use, I
oz.,
is
4
An
in
the
is
and
strengths non-toxic.
refreshing.
Bottles
non-irritating
oz.
which
antiseptic
and which,
water,
and 16
oz.
DI-.MIHUCB
Aromatic,
containing 2 Imperial (with sprinkler^).
antiseptic, fl.
<>/..
and
4 Imperial
fl.
oz.
Ophthalmic and Hypodermic Pocket-Cases, 'Tabloid' Brand ( 141) /;
Ophthalmic Pocket-Cases, 'Tabloid' Brand '
( Sf(
ptgH
141
""'
'}-' )
riia>ma> aerial preparations are U'.S.l'. unless otherwise stated
REMEMBER THE TRADE
186
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
MARKS
OPHTHALMIC PRODUCTS T
'TABLOID' BRAND
The word 'TABLOID'
is
a brand which designates fine products & Co. This brand should always
issued by Burroughs Wellcome be specified when ordering. '
TABLOID
'
Ophthalmic products are minute in size, as notepaper, and contain exact doses of pure drugs, prepared with a perfectly innocuous and rapidly soluble
thin
as
basis.
STRENGTH
PREPARATION
'TABLOID' BRAND (Ophthalmic) ,,
,,
T EE
,, ,, ,,
............
gr.
1/250
Argyrol
...
......
gr.
1/24
...
(Atropine Hydrobromide \Cocaine Hydrochloride
" ,,
Alum
...
aa
gr.
x ... ... gr. Atropine Sulphate ... A ......... gr. ... AA Cocaine Hydrochloride ... gr. c * ...... gr. ,, ,, BB Dionin ... ... 0-0005 gm. [gr. FF * ...... 0-005 gm.[gr. 0-006 gm. [approx. gr. AC *'Epinine' ... (Trade Mark) Y Z
1/200 1/600 1/200 1/50 1/20 1/130] I/I3]
i/n]
BY
P-:U
AND
W.
B.
'
>
fMFw.ru "
IMI
1ST
Ophthalmic Product*. 'Tabloid' STRENGTH
PREPARATION
'TABLOID' BRAN
i.
(Ophthalmic) Scopolamine
(see
Hyoscine)
*Tropacocaine iTydrochloride Zinc Sulphate ... ...
i.
R .
...
gr.
1/30
...
gr.
1/250
gr.
1/250 1/20
.........
f/inc Sulphate
\Cocaine Hydrochloride
...
...
gr.
*
/// tubes of 12 (others contain 25 ) Also various other Ophthalmic products issued under the Tabloid' Brand. '
OPHTHALMIC PRODUCTS ?:..'
'SOLOID'
The word 'SOLOID'
is
a brand which designates fine products & Co. This brand should always
issued by Burroughs Wellcome be specified when ordering.
'SOLOID'
BKA.M.
(Ophthalmic) ,,
Corrosive Sublimate
J
'
For other use, see
Soloid
'
(
Hydrarg. Chhr. Corrosiv.)
Brand products
gr. i/iooo, tubes of 25 suitable for Ophthalmic
pages 197-203
Ophthalmic Veterinary Products, 'Soloid' Brand ( /-'nil particulars sent '
A
'
Paroleine Mu>k) vehicle
lor
<4
tl.
oz.
many the
<>f
and
I
Ib.
oil.
'Tun
on-'
gradual and
mouth and
~JJ
1
is
a
useful
solvent
and and
I'astillrs
and
'TABLOID' BRAND
a brand which designates
Wellcome
prolnngrd tlin.al,
odourless, colourless is
of the remedies employed in treating and throat. Bottles containing (18 fl. oz.).
'TABLOID
issued by Burroughs
It
nose
PASTILLES, Thr word
stable,
perfectly
tasteless
on request)
provide an application in
-
fine
& Co. :'.^u ,,(
.il.L
\i-liiclc
nu-diraiiu-iiis
products
for
tin-
to
the-
be u-ed to secure
Pharmacopctial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated
FORMULARY OF FINK PRODUCTS Pastilles, 'Tabloid' B r a n d
continued
the
By
general
antiseptics,
effects of a drug.
anaesthetics,
their
use,
astringents, laxatives can
and
expectorants
be
The basis of the pastille is conveniently exhibited. demulcent, increasing the efficiency of the active ingredients.
'
TABLOID BRAND '
No. I.
,,
Ammonium Each
Chloride and Licorice
contains
Ammonium
Cocaine Hydrochloride,
Chloride, gr.
3.
,,
4.
Codeine,
,,
2.
Codeine and Benzoic Acid Compound
22.
1/8
Acidi Benzoici Codeinse ... ... Mentholis Pulv. Ipecacuanhae Cocainae Hydrochloridi
Jfr
,,
gr.
gr.
i
i/io
,,
...
...
Gummi
...
Ol.
...
Rubri ... ... Menthce Piperitse
gr. 1/2 gr. i/io gr. i/io gr. i/io gr. 1/40 gr. 1/2 'y.s.
Codeine and Benzoic Acid Compound, without Cocaine Similar to No.
2,
but contains no Cocaine Hydrochloride
,,
5.
Glycerin
,,
6.
Glycerin and Black Currant
,,
7-
Glycerin, Tannin and Black Currant
,,
8.
Glycerin, Tannin, Capsicum and Black Currant Each contains Tannin, gr. 1/2, and the solid equivalent of Tincture of Capsicum, min. 3/4, equal to Capsicum,
8.
Laxative Fruit Each contains Extract of Senna Fruit, gr. 5, pleasantly flavoured. The Tabloid Pastille is extremely palatable,
Each contains Tannin,
gr. 1/2
gr. 3/80. ,,
1
'
'
and
the administration, to children fastidious patients, of an efficient laxative. facilitates
,,
10.
Lemon
,,
n.
Linseed, Licorice and Chlorodyne Each contains Morphine Hydrochloride,
,,
16.
Menthol,
,,
17.
Menthol and Eucalyptus IJ
,,
12.
and
Juice
gr.
gr. 1/120
1/8
Mentholis ... Olei Eucalypti
..
...
gr.
1/20
min. 1/2
Morphine and Ipecac 1J
Morphinae Hydrochloridi Pulv. Ipecacuanhae
...
gr. 1/36 gr. 1/12
Pliannacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated
IIIMIUMR THI
KD BV
AND
W.
B.
CO.
TRAM HAftM
189
Pastilles. 'Tabloid' B r a n d <*
'TABLOID' BRAND 20.
. .
Pectoral .min:;
Licorice, Squill, Tolu, Seneca, Ipecac,
Cherry,
Pine Tar
19.
Wild
etc.
Compound I'ineTar, Terebene, Benzoin, Tolu, Ipecac, etc.
'
I'inol,'
i.i-
min.
i
Ued (ium and Cocaine
i-4-
(in mini Kubri
I
Cocaiiue Hydrochloridi ,,
...
Rhatany (Krameria), Menthol and Cocaine
15.
Ext. Krameria; Mentholis Cocainz Hydrochloridi
li
gr. a gr. i/ao ...
Also various other Pastilles issued under the '
gr. I gr. i/ao
Phenofax
'
gr. 1/20 '
Brand
Tabloid''
BRAND CARBOLIC ACID OINTMENT
Mark)
'
'
I'HI.NOI A\ is an antiseptic sedative dressing which presents 4 per cent of pure phenol in a bland basis, and is notable for its sedative effect on the skin and
(/v.i.V
mucous
surfaces.
It disinfects, allays pain,
and encourages
Issued in glass pots.
granulation.
PHOTOGRAPHIC CHEMICALS ::..'
'TABLOID' BRAND
The word 'TABLOID' is a brand which designates issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. 'T.\nii>iD' cniivi-iiii-nrc
products
Photographic Chemicals represent the acme of reliability, while their superior quality and
and
n-y in uiij^ht
results.
fine
Tluy
and composition ensure the best
entirely
obviate
the
trouble
of
"" re
* d b
.small <juantitiet of chemicals, are superior point of v.luhility to ordinary crystalline and other preparaul prevent the disappointments occasioned by the
Weighing in
deterioration
of stock
.solutions.
Tln-ir
extreme omijMctness
enables the tourist, traveller, or explorer to carry everywhere with him the materials for developing, fixing, etc., without sensibly increasing his load. They are exceptionally resistant to climatic influences, and keep well under all conditions. At
home
they save Mine, trouble and space.
rhartnaiopcrial preparations arc U.S.l'. unless otherwise stated
REMEMBER THE
190
TRADE
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
MARKS
Photograph! c Chemicals, 'Tabloid' Brand continued
Developers The developers are packed in cartons, each containing the Tabloid Tabloid Accelerator Reducing Agent, and the specially prepared for use with that reducing agent. '
'
'
'
'TABLOID' BRAND
'TABLOID' BRAND
(Photographic)
(Photographic)
,,
Amidol
,,
Metol
,,
Edinol
,,
Metol-Quinol
,,
Eikonogen
,,
Ortol
,,
Glycin
,,
Paramidophenol ,, Pyro Hydroquinone (Quinol) Pyro-Metol (Imperial Standard Formula)
,, ,,
*Pyro-Soda ( Ilford Formula) ' Rytol' (Trade Mark) Universal Developer
,, ,,
* In ordering this special" developer it is always necessary to quote Ilford Formula."
Intensifiers
'TABLOID' BRAND (Photographic) ,,
Chromium
,,
Mercuric Iodide and Sodium Sulphite
Intensifier
Toners
'TABLOID' BRAND (Photographic) ,,
,,
Gold Chloride, ,,
gr. J,
with Borax,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
gr.
(B i)
15
Sodium Bicarbonate, gr. 15 (B 2) Sodium Phosphate, gr. 15 (B 3) Sodium Tungstate, gr. 15 (84) Sodium Formate Compound(B 5)
Compound Compound
,,
,,
,,
,,
Sulphocyanide
,,
,,
,.
,,
Thiosulphate
(Combined Bath for toning and fixing P. O.P.)
(B 6)
(B 10)
The above
are supplied in cartons containing sufficient for the preparation of six toning baths of 5 to I O ounces or more. For convenience they may be ordered by their
numbers, thus
:
"'Tabloid' Gold Toning,
B
i,
B
2, etc."
Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated
RIMtHIIR TMR
KD
BY
AND
W.
II.
TRAM HARM
CO.
I'.'l
Photographic Chemicals. 'Tabloid' Brand continued
Toners
'TABLOID'
continued
BKAXI.
(Photographic) I
Uc.iching
. ,
Compound
Vrrocyanide Toning Compound (for toning Bromide Prints and Lantern Slides) I'latinum Toning Compound (for toning .Matt /'. O. /'. ) Sepia Toner (for Bromide Prints and Lantern Slides) 1
Cjii-r
Compound
Sulphiding
Accessories
'TABLOID' HKAM. STRENGTH
(Photographic) Alkali '
,,
'
Tabloid
Sodium Carbonate
...
Density Reducers ' Tabloid Ammonium Persulphate Tabloid Potassium Ferricyanide
gr.
...
gr. 11
...
gr.
'
'
'
. ,
44
...
2
Fixer '
Tabloid' Sodium Thiosulphate (Hypo), \ Equals gr. 44 Dried, gr. 28-5 / of crystals
Hardener
Alum
'Tabloid'
...
...
...
...
gr.
10
gr.
10
Hardener and Clearer
Alum
T;ibl
and
Citric
Acid
Compound Chrome Alum, I
'><
gr. 5
;
Citric Acid, gr. 5
t-rvatives
... :<>id' Potassium Metabisulphite 'Tabloid' Sodium Sulphite, Dried, gr. 5
Equals gr. 10 of crystals
'
loid '.ill' ' '.i
>icl
Ammonium Bromide
...
tfr.
i
Potassium Bromide
...
...
gr.
i
V
...
...
j^r.
I
gr.
24
Sodium
(
Sfttsitiser (far uir/>on /issue, etc.)
'Tabloid' Potassium ... ... Chrom.ue
Ammonium ...
...
are U.S.P. unless otherwise stated
REMEMBER THE
192
TRADE
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
MARKS
Photographic Chemicals, 'Tabloid' Brand continued
Accessories continued 'TABLOID' BRAND (Photographic) For Direct Colour Photography (with Autochrome, Thames, Omnicolore,
and other
Plates)
'TABLOID' BRAND (Photographic) ,, ,,
Reversing Compound Colour Plate Intensifier
(In development, 'Tabloid' is
'
'
Rytol
used, see
Universal Developer
page 190)
Also other Photographic products issued under the Tabloid' Brand. '
For Photographic Staining 'SOLOID' BRAND (Photographic) ,,
Photographic Stains (Red, Salmon), tubes of 6
Yellow,
Green,
Blue
or
PHOTOGRAPHIC EXPOSURE RECORD AND DIARY, THE 'WELLCOME' The most
useful
pocket-book
for the
photographer.
Contains
ruled pages for recording exposures, a diary for the year, also numerous technical articles and tables, and an exposure calculator
stance by
which
ONE
tells
turn of
U.S.A. EDITION.
the correct exposure under any circum-
ONE scale, etc., etc. Bound in red canvas. Also issued:
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE AND TROPICAL EDITION,
for
Canada, Europe, and all countries north of the Tropic of Bound in Capricorn except the United States of America. light green canvas.
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE AND TROPICAL EDITION, countries south of the Tropic of Cancer (about 20 in dark green canvas.
Each Edition complete with
N. ).
for all
Bound
wallet for proofs, etc., and pencil.
Pkarmacopccial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated
ED BV
AND
W.
B.
TMOt HA***
CO.
PHOTOGRAPHIC OUTFITS,
]
|
& 906
Nos. 905
S2 'TABLOID' BRAND Complete and compact chemical outfits for developing and films, bromide or gaslight papers, and for toning and fixing P.O. P. fixing plate-.
STANDARD CONTENTS: No. 905 4
Tabloid
'
'
'
Universal
Rytol
'
ounces of solution
;
'
make 80
to
Developer,
Tabloid
Sodium Thiosulphate
(Hyp<>), Dried, gr. 28-5 ; 'Tabloid' Chromium Intensifier, ' ' to make 50 ounces of solution ; Tabloid Gold Chloride
with Thiosulphate
Compound (Combined
Bath), to
make
'
'
30 ounces of solution ; Tabloid Sepia Toner. Measurements 4x4x2$ in. In rex red, royal blue, imperial green or bright scarlet enamelled metal. :
'
Tabloid
'
No. 906 Acid Co. ; ' Tabloid ' Rytol ' Tabloid Metol-Quinol Developer
Alum and '
'
Cit.
'
; Developer Tabloid Sodium Thiosulphate (Hypo), Dried, gr. 28-5 ; 'Tabloid' Sepia Toner; 'Tabloid' Chromium Intensitier 'Tabloid' Copper Ferrocyanide Toning Com' pound ; Tabloid Potassium Bromide, gr. I. ;
'
'
:
'
Measurements
:
8f x 4^ x 2
In black japanned enamelled white
in.
or aluminium-bronzed metal outside, inside.
(The contents of either case may be varied as desired) ( II'Afit
'
ordering, please specify colour required)
'
Pinol
Distilled
(
'fa,
Essence of Pintts puntilio)
it)
\
valuable
disinfectant
stimulant,
page
189)
affords
a
and
The 'Tabloid'
in respiratory affections.
pleasant
means
antiseptic Pastille (see
of
securing
prolonged continuous local action. In
J
Imperial
fl.
oz.
and
i
Imperial
fl.
oz. bottles.
Saccharin, 'Tabloid' Brand f
also
Saline
'
Tabloid
Solutions
'
'
Saxin,' page 235^
for
Intravenous
Injection
(see
page 2O2) rhannoiopccial preparations are U.S.I'. unless otherwise staled
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
MARKS
TRADE
194
SANITARY TOWELS, PLEATED COMPRESSED, S 'TABLOID'
BRAND
Pleated Compressed Sanitary Towels were originated and introduced by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. '
TABLOID
'
Pleated
Compressed
points of superiority
several
over
Sanitary
They
I
TABLOID-
PLEATED
COMPRESSED
M
S.'T.
Tabloid
'
t Co.,
London (Eng.1
*
are
sanitary Towel (NO.
absorbent pronoteparticularly The delicate texture
highly
perties
are
worthy. of the
Pleated Compressed
possess
of exceptional quality specially for the adapted purpose.
Their Burroujhj Wdlromi
Towels
sanitary towels. made of materials
ordinary
Surface of these
tOWels
ensures perfect freedom from the slightest sense of discomfort in
4)
Owing to the extremely small space which they occupy, Extreme they are particularly convenient when travelling. compactness is secured by compression, and perfect cleanliness use.
ensured by the method of packing.
Four '
Saxin
sizes are issued,
'
'
(see
Tabloid'
each
size in
packages of
1
2
'
Saxin,'/a^? 235)
(Trade Mark)
SERA,
TJK
'WELLCOME'
BRAND
The word 'WELLCOME' is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. To ensure the supply of pure and reliable preparations, this brand should always be specified when ordering.
The high reputation which these obtained with the medical profession Reputation to
have deservedly constantly confirmed the favourable reports received, and the by J accumulating evidence proves this high reputation sera
is
be maintained.
'Wellcome' Brand Sera are prepared under U.S.A. Government Licence, No. 18, in the Wellcome Physiological Research Laboratories, Brockwell Hall, London, England, under conditions which fulfil every requirement of modern Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P.
^tnless other-wise stated
TKAOC
MARK*
Sera.
'Wellcome' Bran 4
of
and under the immediate supervision of and varied experience. The sera are
lout,' :ii
180
continued specialists
out until they h;ive successfully passed
xierility and toxidty tests: they are then issued in hermetically-sealed phials of convenient sizes.
ri.yiriiUN
Wellcome & Co.
u^lis will
act as distributing agents, and for these sera immediately
endeavour to despatch orders
on receipt of
letter
or telegram.
Sera should be carefully kept a cool, dark place, avoiding, as
their
in
original
much as
packings,
possible,
in
variations
of temperature.
'WELLCOME' HKAM Diphtheria Antitoxic Serum 1000, 2000, 3000 or 4000 Khrlich units in hermetically'-'1
phials.
1000 units are contained
The same doses ..
in 2-5 c.c., or less. are also supplied in syringe-containers.
Concentrated Diphtheria Antitoxin 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 or 5000 Ehrlich units in syringecontain- !-.
1000 units are contained
in
i
Larger doses are supplied
The following Sera
c.c.,
or h
issued
are
-.
to special order only
in
hermetically-sealed
phi
'Anti-colon Bacillus
Serum:
from horses immunised
against many strains of Bacillus coli obtained mostly from cases of peritonitis and puerperal fever In phials containing 25 c.c. :
*Anti-dysentery
Serum
of
/i,i,i!lus
against
cultures
from
:
horses
dysenterue
immunised
obtained
from
several cases of dysentery In pliiaK containing 25 c.c. :
*Anti-gonococcus Serum: from against
cultures
urethritis
of
horses
obtained
gooococ/d
from
immunised cases
of
and gonorrhceal conjunctivitis:
In phials containing 25 c.c.
*Se
note on page 197
ions are
f
'.
v
/'.
ini.'css
otherwise stated
REMEMBER THE
196
TRADE
MARKS
FORMULARY Of FINE
1'ROIIUCTS
Sera, 'Wellcome' Bran Acontinued
'WELLCOME'
BRAND
*Anti-staphylococcus Serum, Polyvalent: from horses immunised against various cultures of Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, albus and citreus :
In phials containing 25
c.c.
Serum,
*Anti-streptococcus horses
Erysipelas:
immunised against cultures from
erysipelas
typical
from
cases of
:
In phials containing 25
c.c.
Serum,
*Anti-streptococcus
Polyvalent:
from
horses immunised against cultures of streptococci from a large number of sources, including organisms isolated from cases of
:
ERYSIPELAS, SCARLET FEVER, PUERPERAL FEVER, RHEUMATIC FEVER, SEPTICAEMIA, ANGINA, PNEUMONIA, ULCERATIVE ENDOCARDITIS. In phials containing loc.c. and 25 c.c.
Serum, Puerperal Fever:
*Anti-streptococcus
from horses immunised against a number of cultures of Streptococcus from cases of puerperal fever :
In phials containing 25
c.c.
Serum,
*Anti-streptococcus
Pyogenes:
from
horses immunised against several cultures of Streptococcus
pyogenes from fatal cases In phials containing 25
:
c.c.
*Anti-streptococcus Serum, Rheumatic Fever: from horses immunised against cultures from severe cases of acute rheumatism and of rheumatoid arthritis :
In phials containing 25 *
c.c.
Anti-streptococcus
Serum,
Scarlatina: from number of severe
horses immunised against cultures from a cases of scarlet fever :
In phials containing 25 c.c. *See note on page 197
Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated
RCUFUICK TM(
BV
AND
W.
B.
TIUOI
CO.
197
tunic*
Sera. 'Wellcome' Brand
'WELLCOME'
BRAND Serum 'Anti-typhoid
from
:
horses
immunised
against cultures of Bacillus typhostis from several cases of typhoid fever:
In phials containing 25 c.c. Phi.ils containing 50 c.c. of Anti-streptococcus Serum, Polyvalent, nine,' and to c.c. and 50 c.c. of tbe others are supplied to special order only. :is
other Sera issued tinder the
Serum Syringes '
Soamin
'
(B.
W. &
'
'
Wellcome
Krand
Co.) (seepage 177}
(Sodium Para-aminophenylarsonate)
DOSE
M,k>
An
organic preparation of low toxicity as compared with arsenous acid or the
See special lea/let
It contains 22*8 inorganic salts of arsenic. per cent, of arsenium (As), and is soluble
in three parts of
and
water at body temperature
in five parts at
60 V.
Used
in syphilis,
trypanosomiasis and In bottles of protozoal diseases.
malaria,
other
kala-azar,
5 gm. and 30 gm.
For full particulars,
Soap,
Haze line
'
see
Soamin
booklet
'
(see
page 176)
'SOLOID' BRAND
?:;,'
'
PRODUCTS
The word 'SoLOID' is a brand which designates fine products To ensure the supply of issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. pure
and
specified
reliable
when
preparations, ordering.
this
brand should always be
Brand Products are also issued in bottles of 500, with the exception of those put up in tubes only.
'Soloid'
The
series
atiti-eptio,
of
a-.ii
'Soloid'
Brand Products provides
indents and an.i Mhetics
Mains
for
;
microscopic work, and test
>
The
i"
solution^ ii water, --i-wage or urine analysis. portability,
and ready
reliable
also convenient
uniloim activity
'"
means ^
~|
accuracy
in
solubility
which characterise them, present great
I'/iariiiaiOpiriaJ
strength,
preparations are U.S.J'. unless otherwise stated
198
TRADE
'Soloid'
FORMULARY OF FINK
MARKS
Brand Product s
!
R
continued
Each product
advantages over stock solutions.
is
so standard-
ised in weight as to produce, when added to the required quantity of solvent, a solution of definite strength (e.g. see '
'
Soloid
'
Corrosive Sublimate). Issued in
SOLOID BRAND
STRENGTH
'
,, ,,
,,
Alkaline
Compound (see page 201} ... Alum ... ... ... gr. Alum and Zinc Sulphate Aluminis
IJ
gr. 15 gr. 15
Zinci Sulphatis
Alum and
10
Zinc
Compound,
Strong Aluminis
IJ
gr. 30 gr. 15
...
...
Zinci Sulphatis
...
Antiseptic and Alkaline
pound
(see page
Com-
201)
Argyrol, tubes of 12
gr.
I
......
gr.
5-45
Atropine Sulphate, tubes of 6
gr.
0-545
6
...
...
Atropine and Cocaine, tubes
of6
............
IJ Atropinae Sulphatis
gr. 0-272
Cocainae Hydrochloridi gr. 1-09
Black (see
Lotion (Black Wash) Mercurial Compound,
page 200) Boric Acid
of Rose)
(
scented with Otto ...
...
...
... Boric Acid (nnscented) Boric Acid and Zinc Sulphate
(scented -with Otto of Rose) IJ
,,
Acidi Borici Zinci Sulphatis
...
gr. 6 gr. 1/2
Carbolic Acid (Phenol), tubes of 25 ,,
,,
,,
,,
12
,,
6
gr.
6
gr.
15
MM
REMEMBER
200
TRADE
MAR
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
201
Solold' Brand Product
ft>ntinnetf
SOLOID' BRAND ,,
Mucin
and
STRK.N'.l
II
Com-
Menthol
pound
B
......
Mucini Scxlii
Bicarbonatis
Mcntholis
......
Alkaline
gr. 4-1/2 gr. 4-1/2 gr. 1/20
Compound
S.xlii Horatio Sodii Chloricii ,,
Antiseptic and Alkaline
Compound
B ,,
Sodii Hicarbonatis gr. 5 Phenolis gr. i/a Sodii Boratis ... gr. 5
'Eucalyptia'
Compound
B Sodii
Hicarbonatis Sodii Boratis Sodii Ben/oat is .. Sodii Salicylatis
Kucalyptolis
ThymolLs
inin.
..
Bicarbonatis
I'hcnolis
......
Sodii Cbloridi
...
.,
i
i
-
gr. 12 gr. 1-1/2 gr. 2
Sodium Bicarbonate Compound
B
P
Phenol Compound
B Sodii ,,
gr.8 gr. 1/3 : '/3 mm. 1/6 gr. 1/6 gr. i/ia
Men thiil:
Ol. C.aultheriz ,,
gr. 8
...
Sodii Bicarbonatis ... Sodii Boratis Sodii Chloridi ...
gr. 5 gr. 5 gr. 5
Sodium Bicarbonate Compound, Saccharatcd
B Sodii
Bicarbonatis I'.oratis
S.xlii
...
Chloridi iri Albi
harnygeal
...
...
S.~lii K'.ntis
... ... ..
;
HITI. Mi-iuliolis i
5 5 5 5
Compound
B Sodii Chloridi So
gr. gr. gr. gr.
i
'Miyiiu'li-....
...
...
gr. gr. gr. gr. KT.
7 2-1/2 1/2 3/4 1/50
gr. i/ioo
Cocain.r Hyilrochloridi
Ol. (laultheruc
r.
t/6
min. i/ao
ions are U.S.I', unless otherwise stated Write the Brand in full,
Thus:
DEMEMBEK THE TRADE
202
FORMULARY OF
MARKS
Brand Product s
'Soloid'
KIN E
continued
PRODUCTS Issued in hots, of
'SOLOID' BRAND ' , ,
Nizin
'
C
bots. of
STRENGTH
Trade Mark)
gr. 2 gr-
20
A zinc salt of sulphanilic acid ,,
,,
,,
,,
Paraform
gr- 5
Phenol (see Carbolic Acid, page 198^ Potassium Permanganate ...
gr.
i
IOO
i
IOO
gr- 5
IOO
Potassium Permanganate and
Alum B! Pot.
Permanganatis Aluminis
,,
gr. 3 gr. 5
Compound, No.
Saline
2,
tubes of 12
5
Calcii Chloridi
0-05 _ Potassii Chloridi
gm.
[gr. 3/4]
0-05
gm.
[gr. 3/4]
Sodii Chloridi 2-25
gm.
[gr. 35]
Sodii Bicarbonatis 0-025 S ts r 3/8] Dextrosi 0-25 gm. [gr. 3-3/4] One dissolved in 250 c.c. of boiled (sterile) water for intravenous injection at 40 C.
m
,,
*
*
Silver Nitrate
25 25
gr. 5 ,,
Sodium Bicarbonate... One
in 5 fluid ounces of water 2 per cent, solution (approx.)
Sodium
gr-
44
gr.
32
25
=
Bicarb. Co. (see page
201)
Sodium
Bicarb. Co., Saccharated (see page 201)
Sodium Chloride, tubes of 12 Two dissolved in 16 fluid ounces of boiled (sterile) water, for intravenous injection at iooF. <37-8C.), give a solution containing 0-9 per cent, of sodium chloride.
Pharmacopceial preparations are U.S. P. Write the Brand in full,
thus
:
unless otherwise stated
RtUCHICR TNI .
BY
B.
\\
Soloid' Brand Product %t
SOLOID'
UK AM'
203
TRADE
204
'Soloid' etc.
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
MARKS
Brand Products
Testing Purposes,
for
continued
For Water Analysis STRENGTH
'SOLOID' BRAND ,,
Ammonium Chloride
,,
Lead Acetate
0-00016 gm. 0-0184 gm.
,,
Meta-phenylenediamine Sulphate Oxalic Acid
,,
Potassium Chromate
,,
,,
...
...
...
...
o-oi gm. o-i gm.
0-0065 gm.
Potassium Ferrocyanide Potassium Nitrate
...
0-013 gm.
0-00144 gm.
,,
Potassium Permanganate
0-00395 gm.
,,
Silver Nitrate
0-0096 gm.
Soap Sodium Acid Sulphate Zinc Dust
0-324 gm.
Zinc Sulphide
0-25 gm.
, ,
,, ,,
0-13 gm.
In packages of 25 ,,
Nessler's Solution, in hermetically-sealed glass capsules
Boxes of 30 capsules, each containing 24
,,
,,
...
0-5 c.c.
...
2
For Sewage Analysis 'SOLOID' BRAND ,,
Oxalic Acid
,,
Potassium Permanganate
,,
Pyrogallic Acid
,,
Sodium Hydroxide
c.c.
STRENGTH 0-0079 gm.
...
...
...
...
...
...
0-00395 gm. 0-032 gm.
...
0-13 gm.
In packages of 25
Test Indicators '
'SOLOID' BRAND
SOLOID' BRAND * ,,
Indigo-Carmine
,,
*Lacmoid
,,
*Methyl-Orange
*One
dissolved in 10
,, ,, ,,
c.c.
*Phenolphthalein *Rosolic Acid Starch, 0-5
gm.
of solvent forms the Test Indicator.
In tubes of IO rharmocopccial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated
KEMIUItn TMI TIUDC
HAIIKt
9Q5
'Soloid' Brand Products for Testing Purposes. e
t c.
fo*tinue>i
Microscopic Stains
'SOLOID' .,
I'.iMn.irrk
STRKNr.TH
11K\NI> llrown, pure
...
...
...
O-I
gm.
...
o-i
gm.
Methylene Blue ..
Khrlich Triple Stain
..
l-'i-in.
..
1
~;
...
...
pure
Azur
(for
solution)
...
...
Giemsa staining ...
...
one
witli ...
...
...
Methylene Blue (Louis Jenner's Stain)
0-038 gm. 0-05 gin.
Fuch.-ine (Basic), pure Gentian Violet, pure
...
...
...
o-i
.,
...
...
...
o-i
..
Gram'.- Inline Solution
...
...
...
150.0.
..
.,
gm. gm.
i.rmalum
I
..
li.i-mainxvlin. pure
...
...
...
...
O-I gin.
..
Methyl Violet, pure
...
...
...
...
O-I
..
Methyli-ne Blue, pure
...
O-I
...
0-015 K m
..
Komammsky
iu.iniiw-.ky Si;iin
..
.,
....
-.,
:
..M
;
(Leishman's Powder)
Slain (Wright's Modification) ... ... "limn Carlionate ... ...
Thinnin Blue, pure Tnisoti Hlood Fluid
...
...
...
...
gm. gm. -
0-05 gm.
0-05 gm. O-I
gm.
In tubes of 6 Methyl Alcohol, pure
(see
page 185^
Culture Media '
SOLOID' ,.
., ..
I'.iK-
Salt
i!k.\M.
Agar-Agar (MacConkey)
\
In tubes off)
Nutrient Agar-Agar Nutrient Ilmth
Also a wide range of other products issued tinder the 'Soloid' Brand.
Strophanthus Tincture
(B.
W. &
Co.)
{Physiologically Standardised in the il Research laboratories.) 1'rejwred
Physio-
with the United States Revision), from carefully-selected
accordance
in
macoptcia
ll'dlioine
F.ighth -.'iianthus seeds. (
In liottle* containing
I,
4,
8 and 16
fluid
ounces.
rharmatopccial preparations are U.S./'. unless otherwise stated
REMEMBER THE
206
TRADE
FOKMULAKY OK FINE PRODUCTS
MARKS
Strophanthus, 'Tabloid' Brand '
'
Enule
Suppositories (see 173-174; and Hazeline '
(see
Rectal
Suppositories,
Suppositories, page 176)
Syringes, Hypodermic and
?'
1
is
Tabloid
(see
(see
pages 169 171)
pages 176-177)
a brand which designates
&
'
Serum
'TABLOID' BRAND PRODUCTS 'TABLOID
issued by Burroughs Wellcome pure and reliable preparations, specified when ordering. '
pages
'
Surgical Dressings, 'Tabloid' Brand
The word
page zyj)
Co. this
fine products ensure the supply of brand should always be
To
Brand Products are also issued in bottles of 500, with the exception of those put up in tubes only. '
Under the Tabloid Brand is issued an immense variety of drugs and combinations thereof, all prepared from the purest When using them the physician has power ingredients. to administer at any moment the exact dose required, and '
without any measuring or weighing. They Owing to their keep unchanged in any climate. extreme portability, supplies may be comfortably carried in the waistcoat-pocket, and doses taken regularly whilst following the usual routine of social, professional or commercial life. Tabloid Brand products of unpleasant drugs are coated that
te
dosage
'
'
with a thin film of white sugar, readily soluble in the stomach, while those intended to act after leaving the stomach are coated with keratin, soluble only in the alkaline secretions of the intestine.
'TABLOID' BRAND
DOSE
A ,,
,,
,,
Acetanilide (see Antifebrin,) Aconite, each containing the solid ingredients of Tincture ... of Aconite, min. 1/4
Aconite, each containing the solid ingredients of Tincture ... of Aconite, min. I ...
I
frequently
I
frequently
IHtHlllt TMl TIUOC HARK*
'Tabloid' Brand Products
TABLOID' :iite,
Issued in
continue*
oval bot-
UK \M>
!
bots. of
each containing the
ingredient-* of Tincture
Aroniu-, inin. 5 ..
2U7
...
... Aloes and Iron Each product equals one
...
I
to 3
100
...
I
to 2
100
I
to 2
of the
P. pills. -.
and Myrrh
...
...
Rich product equals one of the '.
..
pills.
Aloin, gr. I/IO ..
gr. 1/2 .-.}
8
Compound
...
Aloini
Strychninz Sulph. Ext. Belladonna: ... Pulv. Ipecacuanha; \
...
I
frequently
i
to
I
to 2 after
4
meals, or
gr. 1/5 gr. i 60 gr. 1/8 gr. 1/16
t
,
t
bed-time
stomachic and tonic laxative combination of especial value in chronic constipation.
..
Ammoniated Quinine Each
contains
Ammonium
Quinine
Bicarbonate with one
correspond drachm of the tincture.
Ammonium
Bromide,
gr.
../'
1
and
jf
to flui-
repeated necessary
loo
25
100
5
100
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS 'Tabloid' Brand Products
(tun*
KD BY
B.
W.
AND
CO.
TMI
TRAM HA*M
909
210
TRADE
MARKS
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
MUtHKft THI
ISSUED BV
B.
W.
AM)
CO.
"
Tl
"
'Jl
1
REMEMBER THE
212
TRADE
MARKS
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
'Tabloid' Brand Product s-
neucutiK TMI
ISSUED BY
W.
B.
ANU
CO.
'Tabloid' Brand Product *
TlUOt
UK1
213
Issued in
continued
oval bots. of hot*, of i
'TABLOID' BRAND ,,
Calomel,
gr. 1/2,
DOSE
and Sodium
Bicarbonate, gr. 2-1/2 ,,
Calomel,
,,
Camphorated
I,
gr.
...
Bicarbonate, gr. 5
Opium,
Camphorated
Camphorated
Opium,
Opium,
..
Cane Sugar, '
um.ibis
I
gr.
ndica
I
or
more
25
I
frequently
I
frequently
48
I
to
36
each
containing the solid ingredients of Camphorated Tincture of Opium (Paregoric), min. 15 ,,
more
each
containing the solid ingredients of Camphorated Tincture of Opium (Paregoric), min. 5 ... ... ... ,,
or
each
containing the solid ingredients of Camphorated Tincture of Opium (Paregoric), min. 2 ,,
I
and Sodium
4
(see
IOO 100
3 Indian
Cannabis Extract) ,,
Capsicum, each containing the solid ingredients of Tincture ... of Capsicum, min. I
,,
.id ingredients of Tincture of Capsicum, min. 5 ... ,,
I
frequently
100
Capsicum, each containing the I
to 3 or
more
Capsules '
Aol,' Bone Medulla, Calcium lodo-ricinoleate, Carbolic Acid, Castor Oil, Juniper Oil, Phenol
See
ami Menthol Compound, Sandal Wood Oil, Terebene, Turpentine Oil, Rectified. ,,
Carbolic Acid (Phenol), gr. 1/4
andgr. 1/2 ( for the throat)... ,,
Carbolic Acid (Phenol), gr. I ... (Capsule), boxes of 24
I
as required
i
to 3
IOO
rharntacopaial preparations are U.S.P. unless otherwise stated Write the Brand in full,
thui
:
214
TRADE
MARKS
FORMULARY
[!
BY
Ell
W.
B.
AND
CO.
'Tabloid' Brand Product %coiUi*iud
'TABLOID' BRAND iraltoniuimide
mide), gr. 5 ,, ..
,, ,,
,,
215
|
oval bots. of
bots. of
(Chlorala...
...
3 to 6
100
...
I
to
4
100
...
I
to 2
IOO
I
to 2
Chocolate, gr. 60, boxes of 12 Cinchona, each containing the solid ingredients of
Tincture
of
min. 30
...
Cinchona
...
the
solid
Tincture
of
min. 30
...
Citric Acid, gr. 5
'
...
Red,
containing of
Cocaine
Cinchona,
Compound,
ingredients
,,
MAHIO
Issued in
DOSE
Chloral, ilydrated, gr. 5 ,, ,, gr. IO
each
,,
TMC
TIUOC
Compound Cinchona, ...
...
I
to 2
IOO
...
...
i
to 4
IOO
Hydrochloride '
Soloid
36
(see
Brand products)
Cocaine Co. with Potassium Borax (see Chlorate and Voice, page 240)
boxes of 12
,,
Cocoa,
..
C.,dcine, gr. 1/4
gr. 60,
...
,,
,,
Codeine
and
Compound B Cocainz
...
Hydrochloridi Codeitue Benzoici
;
holis
to
to
4 or more
4
25
IOO
25
IOO
Acid
Benzoic ...
I
I
gr. 1/2
,,
...
V-
1/4
gr. gr. gr. gr.
i/io
I
as required
25
IOO
I
as retjuired
25
IOO
i/i
i/io
i/io pecacuanhaE ntha: Piperiue min. 1/16 iummi Kubri ... y.t. I
<
... ...
Highly efficient in the cough of pharyngitis,
Codeine
and
Benzoic
ij>uuivl, \\ithout I>iffn
irritating etc.
Acid
Cocaine
.'mo
only
in
(hat no ('..
rharmacopccial preparation* are Write the Brand in full,
thus
:
6'..V. /'.
iin.'tss
otherwise stated
TRADE
216
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
MARKS
'Tabloid' Brand Product s
continued
'TABLOID' BRAND ,,
Nux Vomica
Codeine and
to 2
...
I
...
Ito4ormore
bots. of
25
Codeinae Phosphatis gr. i Ext. Nucis Vomicae gr. 1/4
IJ
,,
DOSE
Issued in oval bots. of
'Coffee-Mint' IJ Sodii Bicarb.
... ...
gr. gr. gr. gr.
Ammonii Bicarb
25
3 1/16
Ext. Coffeae ... 1/2 Cerii Oxalatis ... 1/4 Ol. Menthae Piperitae q. s. Diffusible stimulant, especially valuable in flatulence, in the
nausea associated with liver disorder, and in the vomiting of pregnancy. ,, ,,
Colchicine Salicylate, gr. 1/32
I
to 2
100
Colocynth and Hyoscyamus, N.F. Pill Each product equals one of the
i
to 2
100
i
to 2
N.F. ,,
pills.
Colocynth
Compound, N.F.
Pill
...
Each product equals one of N.F. pills.
Sublimate
the
,,
Corrosive
,,
Hydrarg. Perchlor., page 221) Cotarnine Hydrochloride,
,,
Cubeb and Belladonna,
gr. 3/4, bottles of
(see
25
vescent
5 ,,
Pulv. Cubebae Ext. Belladonnas
to 3
I
as required
I
as required
i
increased
gr. 1/2 gr. 1/20
... ...
Cubeb Compound IJ Oleo-resinse Cubebae Ammonii Chloridi...
Glycyrrhizini
I
Effer-
gr. 1/4 gr. 1/2 gr. 1/4
...
D Dentifrice ,,
Didymin
(Testicular ...
stance), gr. 5 ,,
Digitalin
(Amorphous),
Sub-
to
...
i
i/ioo
4
gr.
to 3
Pharmacopeia! preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise stated Write the
/V>
'
'
/fl
ISSUED BY
B.
W.
AND
CO.
'Tabloid' Brand Product a
217
continued
REMEMBER
218
TRADE
THI
MARKS
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
'Tabloid' Brand Product s
continued
RIMCUIf* THI '
BY
B.
W.
AND
TRAM
CO.
'Tabloid' Brand Products-
continued
uAitn
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
'Tabloid' Brand Product s
'TABLOID' BRAND
continued
DOSE
NMIHMII tHI
ISSUED BY
11.
W.
AND
CO.
Tabloid' Brand Product
continued
REMEMBER THE
IHIMHII THI
ISSUED BY
B.
W.
AND
CO.
'Tabloid' Brand Prod uct
c*titi* tttd
REMEMBER THE
224
TRADE
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
MARKS
'Tabloid' Brand Products
continued
'TABLOID' BRAND ,,
DOSE
Juniper Oil, min. 3 (Capsule), boxes of 50 ... ... ...
Issued in oval bots. of bots. of |
i
Kino Com pound Powder, N.F.,
............
gr- 5
!to4
Each contains Kino, gr. 3-3/4 Opium, gr. 1/4 and Cinnamon, :
;
;
gr.
i.
Kissingen Salt, Effervescent, Artificial, N.F., tubes of 25
Krameria and Cocaine
Laudanum lated,
I
occasionally
(see
Opium, Granu-
page 228)
Laxative Vegetable
...
...
Ext. Colocynth. Co. Ext. Jalapas ... ... Resinas Podophylli ... Leptandrini ...... Ext. Hyoscyami Vir. Ext. Taraxaci ...
gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr.
Ol. Menthae Pip.
q.s.
A
...
to 3
1/2 1/4 1/2 1/4 1/4
purely vegetable laxative and with cholagogue prepared drugs of exceptional purity.
Lead with Opium, N.F. N.F.
Pill
I
the
Pills.
Lithium Benzoate Ijt
I
i
Each product equals one of
,,
more
Ext. Krameriae ... gr. i Cocainae Hydrochlor. gr. 1/20
IJ
,,
...
or
I
as required
Compound
Lithii Benzoatis
...
Sulphuris Praecip. Quininas Salicylatis ,,
Lithium Carbonate,
,,
Lithium Citrate,
... ...
IOO
ito4ormore
gr. 3 gr. 2
gr. 1/3
gr. 2
...
I
to 3
i
to 2
IOO
gr. 5, Effer-
vescent, bottles of 25
...
,
IOO
Pharmacopceial preparations are U. S. P. unless otherwise stated
ftcucmc* TMI
ISSUED BY
B.
Tabloid' Brand Product %
continued
TABLOID' BRAND ,,
Issued in oval
DOSE
i
bots. of
bots. of
Lithium Citrate, Effervescent, gr. 60,
tubes of 25
...
...
about
contains
gr.
3
I
to 2
I
to 2
I
to
I
to 4
of
Lithium Citrate.
Lithium Citrate and Sodium Sulphate, Effervescent, tubes
of25
9
Lithii Citratis
Sodii Sulphatis
Lithium
gr. 5 gr. 30
...
and
Citrate
Uro-
Effervescent, tubes
tropine,
of2S
9
Lithii Citratis
gr. 5 gr. 3 y.s.
...
...
Urotropirue
... _
Sails Lffervescentis
Livingstone (Juinine '
Rouser
(see
and Rhubarb Com-
pound, page 232) Lodal' (Trade Mark)
(6:7-
Dimethoxy 2 methyl -3:4-
dihydroi'joqninolinium Chloride), gr.
I
M Magenta Dye, Aniline, gr. 30, tubes of 12
Magnesium Carbonate Compound
9
Magnesii Carbonatis Potass. Bicarbonatis Sodii Bicarbonatis ...
Citrate
4
gr. 3 gr. 3 gr. 3
(True}, tubes
Effervescent, gr. 60, of 25
............
M.ijjnt/Mmn i
.Sulphate,
Effer-
.nt. gr. 60, tubes of 25 represents gr. 30 of Mag. ui Sulphate.
Pharmacopaial preparations are U.S. P. unless otherwise staled Write the Brand in full,
thus:
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS 'Tabloid' Brand Product s
continued
'TABLOID' BRAND ,,
Sulphate Compound, Effervescent, tubes
of 25...
...
...
...
Magnesii Sulphatis
Mamos
Sulphite, gr. 5
...
i
frequently
(Trade Mark} (formerly known as Tabloid
'
'
Gland), gr.
5...
Manganese
,,
Manganese
,,
Manganese Peroxide,
,,
Manganese and Iron Citrate
,,
Manganese and Iron
,,
Manganese and Iron
gr. 3
gr.
increased
i
to 3
25
i
to 2
25
I
to 5
25
I
to 3
25
I
to 2
25
I
to 3
25
i
to 2
i
to 3
i
to 3
I
to 2
Citrate (soluble),
5 gr. 2...
(soluble), gr. 3
Citrate
(soluble), gr. 5
Citrate
with Quinine (soluble), gr. 3 Each contains Quinine,approximately
i
Citrate (soluble),
,,
gr. 1/2.
Manganese and Iron
Citrate
with Quinine (soluble), gr. 5 Each contains Quinine, gr. 3/4. ,,
to 4
gr. gr. gr.
'
Mammary
,,
i
15 Sodii Sulphatis ... 15 5 Magnesii Carbonatis Liq. Zingiberis, N.F. min. 3-1/2
Magnesium '
,,
bots. of
Magnesium
IJ
,,
DOSE
Issued in oval bots. of
Manganese and Iron Citrate with gr.
Strychnine (soluble),
i
Each
contains
Strychnine,
gr. i/ioo. ,,
Manganese and phate (soluble),
,,
Iron gr. 3
Manganese and Iron phate (soh(ble),
gr. 5
Phos...
Phos...
Pharmacopasial preparations are U.S. P. imless other-wise stated Write the Brand in full,
thus:
RCWCMKR THf
ISSlKt)
BY
B.
W.
AMD
Tabloid' Brand Product % '
TABLOID'
ItRAND
TMM
CO.
continued
IXJSK
MARK*
Issued in
HI
REMEMBER THE TRADE
MARKS
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
'Tabloid' Brand Products
continued
Issued in
RtMtMIt* THI
ISSUED BY
B.
W.
AND
CO.
'Tabloid' Brand Products
continued
REMEMBER THE
230
TRAOE
MARKS
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
'Tabloid' Brand Pr od ucts
continued
ISSUED
BY
H.
W.
AND
CO.
'Tabloid' Brand Product *coHtintttd
'TABLOID' BRAND
DOSB
232
TRADE
MARKS
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
'Tabloid' Brand Product s
continued
HIUIMIIlt
ISSUED BY
B.
'Tabloid' Brand Products
THE
REMEMBER THE
234
TRADE
MARKS
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
ISSUED
BY
B.
W.
AND
*!* CO.
'Tabloid' Brand Product *c<mti*vtd
THE
TRADE
MARKS
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
'Tabloid' Brand Product s
continued
REMtMMK TMt
ISSUED BV
B.
W.
AND
CO.
HUM
HARKS
237
REMEMBER THE
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS 'Tabloid' Brand Product s
continued
KtlMMMH THI I
-v
;
|
.
,
:
'Tabloid' Brand Product *
continued
240
TRADE
MARKS
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
ISSUED BY
MHEUMR TMOC "
AN
W.
B.
'Tabloid' Brand Products
241
Issued in
continued
oval
'TABLOID' KKAM. /inc Oxide, gr. 2
TMI
IH.NK
...
...
bots. of
bots. of
to 5
I
'
Xinc Sulphate (see ' Soloid Brand Products, pagt 203)
Zinc Valerate, gr. 2 /inc Valerate
H
...
Compound
Yaleratis
/in.-i
I'ulv.
gr.
/inc
100 100
i
gr. 1/8 gr. i
Zingiberis
Valerate and Asafetida
Compound
B
I
i
Kbei
K\t. Belladonna: I'ulv.
...
...
...
Zinci Valeratis
gr. i gr. I gr. 1/2
...
i--tida;
:'
Myrrhse
Zinc Valerate with Iron and Arsenic i.
Yaleratis Kerri Keducti
...
:
...
i'li
...
(ientiaiue
...
gr. 2 gr. I gr. 1/60 gr. i
Zingib. (see Ginger, page 2 1 8)
Also a wide range of other products issued under the i>i
'
and
Brand Tea provides the most convenient, portable and effective means of quickly preparing tea of uniform strength. It is the most suitable tea for travellers,
Tabloid
'
s|>rt>iiK'n,
cyclists,
pleasure
'Tabloid* Tea and a u-ning the infusion ;
may
etc.
l>e
A
tin
'Saxin'
of for
conveniently carried in the
pocket.
In enamelled tins containing IOO
'Tabloid'
parties,
of 'Tabloid'
l>ottle
Brand
Tea,
and 2OO.
Special
Blend.
e\repii..nal
quality In enamelled tins containing IOO
Terebene, Pure B. (
I
Im|KTial
tl.
Im|x-rial
<>/.. fl.
07..
^
and 200.
W. & Co.) Imperial Imttles...
H.
<>/..
and
I(')
5 to 15 min.
TRADE
242
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
MARKS
Test Cases,
'
Soloid
'
Brand
(see Analysis Cases, pages
I53-I55/*
Tow, Carbolised, Pleated Compressed, 'Tabloid' Brand (see Dressings, page 170) Towels, Sanitary, Pleated Compressed,
Brand
(see
'
Tabloid
'
page 194^
TUBERCULINS,
X
'WELLCOME'
BRAND
Issued in hermetically-sealed phials
For Diagnosis 'WELLCOME' BRAND Old Tuberculin (Human) I
c.c.
containing o-ooi
c.c.
of Old Tuberculin (Koch)
Old Tuberculin (Bovine) i
c.c.
containing o-ooi
c.c.
of
Old Tuberculin (Koch)
For Treatment
'WELLCOME'
BRAND
New
Tuberculin [W] (Human) containing o-ooooi mgm. of dried i c.c. o-oooi mgm. ,, ,, i c.c. o-ooi ,, ,, mgm. 2 *i c.c. ,, ,, mgm. i
c.c.
New
bacillary substance .,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
Tuberculin [W] (Bovine) containing o-ooooi
I
c.c.
i
c.c.
,,
o-oooi
i
c.c.
,,
o-ooi
*l c.c.
,,
2
mgm. mgm. mgm. mgm.
of dried bacillary substance
Tubercle Vaccine (Human), I
c.c.
*5
c.c.
containing o-OOOl
25
,,
*
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
Bacillary Emulsion
mgm. Tubercle ,, mgm.
For dilution by
the user
bacilli ,,
i
RO BV
AND
W.
R.
To
Co.
Tuberculins. 'Wellcome' Bran A
MA*n
ji,
continued
'WELLCOME' BKAM Tubercle Vaccine (Bovine), Bacillary Emulsion c.c. containing o-oooi mgm. Tubercle bacilli
,.
I
I
c.c.
,,
0-0005 mgni.
..
,,
*5
c.c.
,,
25
mgm.
..
,,
*
For dilution by
VACCINES, The word
The U.S.
'
\.
the user
'WELLCOME'
...
HKA.M.
'WELLCOME' is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. WELLCOMS
'
Government
Brand
V.\<
(
INKS are prepared under
No.
Licence,
18,
at
tlie
Wellcome
Physiological Research Laboratories, Brockwell Hall, London, Kngland. Kvcry stage of their preparation is carried out
immediate supervision of a skilled staff of highlyThey may be relied upon as being of full and capable of producing the best results.
undc-r the
qualified experts. activity
Vaccines should l>e kept in a cool dark place, and protected from extremes of temperature. ' Wellcome Brand Vaccines are issued in hermetically-sealed '
phials.
'WELLCOME'
BRAND
(ionococcus Vaccine I
c.c.
containing
I
c.c.
..
I
c.c.
,,
I
c.c.
,,
5 million organisms
20 200 looo
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
Staphylococcus Vaccine, Aureus I
c.c.
200 million organisms
containing
looo ..
..
,,
,,
Staphylococcus Vaccine, Mixed I
c.c.
containing
I
c.c.
,,
200 million organisms looo
,,
,,
Streptococcus Vaccine, Polyvalent I
c.c.
containing
i
c.c.
..
IO million OrgUJsmi
50
Typhoid Vaccine I
r.c. ciintaining
I
c.r.
.,
500 million looo
2000
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
MRKS
TRADE
244
'VALOID' BRAND PRODUCTS
TKK
The word VALOID' is a brand which designates issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. To ensure '
pure and
reliable
when
specified
brand
this
preparations, ordering.
fine
products
the supply of should always be
'VALOID' BRAND DOSE
Aromatic Cascara Sagrada, 4 Imperial
,,
fl.
Ergot, 4 Imperial
,,
The
strength of each
fl. '
oz. bottles
10 to 60 min.
...
10 to 30 min.
oz. bottles
...
'
Valoid preparation
is
indicated on the label
Variotis other preparations are also isstied
S
T
The word
under this brand
'VALULE' BRAND PRODUCTS 'VALULE
1
a brand which designates
is
issued by Burroughs Wellcome pure and reliable preparations, specified when ordering.
&
Co. this
fine products the supply of brand should always be
To ensure
'VALULE' BRAND ,,
Bone Medulla, (See also
'
of 100
gr. 5, bottles
Tabloid
'
I
...
or
DOSE more
Bone Medulla, page 211)
Various other products are also issued under this brand
'VAN A'
(Trade Mark)
Brand Tonic Wine
In bottles of 16 Imperial
TKS
'VAPOROLE'
The word
'VAPOROLE'
is
DOSE
Haifa
oz.
fl.
BRAND
wineglassful
PRODUCTS
a brand which designates
fine
products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. To ensure the supply of pure and reliable preparations, this brand should always be specified when ordering. Issued in hermetically-sealed containers
'VAPOROLE' BRAND For Hypodermic Injection ,,
DOSE
Sterile Suspension in a Calomel, 0-05 gm. Neutral Fatty Basis (i c.c. with Creosote )
and Camphor, boxes of 10
i
(by injection)
,,
'Epinine' (Trade Mark), sterile, boxes of 10
I
in
...
IOO, ...
I
c.c., ...
i
(by injection)
REUEUII* THt '
TIUOC
Vaporo
'
4
I
e
'
BRAM.
Mark) ('Kpinine' and Cocaine Hydrochloride), sterile, boxes ..line'
1,
(Tt-aJe
of 10
B' Kpinine' ad
Aquam
I
(by
I
(by injec-
injection)
0-0003 gm. 0-02 gm.
Cocaiiue Hydrochloridi...
..
-'
Brand Product *co*ti*ut<{
'
VAPOROLE' ..
IMDM
c.c.
i
'Krnutm' (Trade Mark), min.
IO, sterile,
boxes of 6
tion) ..
Sterile Suspension of O'l
C.rcy Oil.
of Mercury in a Neutral (I c.c. ), boxes of I o
gm. Basis
Fatty
I
(by injection)
Iron
and
Sterilised
Arsenic,
Solution,
boxes of 10
I
to
3
(by
injection) I{
Fern
Citratis Viridis Kxsicc.
I
(
...
ad
Aijuam Pituitary
0-05 gm. 0-002 gm.
...
S<.lii Arsen.itis
i
c.c.
Infundibular) Extract, sterilised,
boxes of 6
c.c.,
I
(by injection)
For Inhalation ,,
Amyl
Nitrite,
min. 3 and min.
capsules), boxes of 12
...
5 (glass ...
...
i
(by inhalation)
..
Aromatic
Ammonia
capsules), en-
(glass
For
closed in silken sacs, boxes of 12. " " use as ... Smelling Salts
...
i
(by inhalation)
Various
other products '
the
'Vaporole' Brand vrrs
V'aporole'
neutral
A model
issued under
also
Brand
Ammonium
jxjrfectly
chloride for inhalation.
and
are
Chloride Inhaler
fumes
of
pure
ammonium
of compactness, convenience
utility.
'VAVOBOLB
1
A-II>
Inh.ilcr, are Mipplied in il
AM- AI.KM.I. for use in the above U.xes of 12 pr. .durt>.
Altai luiiciii for u-c with alnive Inhaler.
FORMULARY OF FINE PRODUCTS
REMEMBER THE
246
TRADE
MARKS
I
SSU
E
KY
J>
B.
(See B. W.
Soloid' Brands
Vulcanite Nozzles
To
(See B. W.
Curved or
is
it
desired
mucous membranes
to
&
'
Tabloid
J.
and
'
Co.'s Price List)
of
'
Hazeline
'
Cream
preparation to the of the nose, ear, urethra or rectum.
apply
this
Water Analysis, A Simple Method of (7th By
Brand
Straight.
screw on to collapsible tubes
when
'
CO.
Co.'s Price List)
Ophthalmic Products,
Veterinary '
&
AN1>
.
Tabloid
'
Veterinary Hypodermic Products,
\V
C. THRESH, M.D., D.Sc.,
This standard text-book affords
all
to enable those with only a small
Edition)
etc.
the information necessary to
knowledge of analysis
perform a chemical examination of a sample of drinking-water
by means of Soloid Brand Water Analysis Cases. on the examination of sewage effluents is included.
A
Water Analysis
pa
'
'
Cases, 'Soloid' Brand
'Wellcome' Brand Products
(see pages 247 -262)
Verbal Instructions are not prevent
fraud,
it
is
(see
best
To
safe.
to
prescriptions for original bottles.
write .
.
chapter
'WELLCOME' The word
'WELLCOME*
PRODUCTS
BRAND
a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. To ensure the supply of pure and reliable preparations, this brand should always be specified
when
Three great
is
ordering.
of like value to
essentials pertain to all drugs
patient, dispenser
and prescriber
namely, purity, potency and
Should these fail or vary to any extent, the patient responds uncertainly to treatment, the physician can no longer rely upon his weapons, nor the dispenser guarantee the relia-
quality.
And, in this battle, the physician must products. he armed with weapons of precision. bility of his
The
main object of
'
Wellcome
'
Brand Products
is
to
establish uniformity of content in drugs, and to eliminate varia'1 their first causes in a word, STANDARDISATION. So ;
we
^'et
liack to sources,
be they mineral, vegetable, animal, or and to tests, whether chemical,
their synthetic congeners optical or physiological.
;
Moreover, the tests imposed by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. are subject to continual revision as new and improved standards of stringency are devised. 'Wellcome' Brand Products are, therefore, unsurpassed, and pre-eminently trustworthy. '
The recognised doses of ' Wellcome Brand Chemicals are indicated on the labels, and in the body of this Metric as well as Apothecaries' dosage given are approxir mately the same in each system, but exact equivalence has not been attempted, since no useful in
handbook, weights.
The
limits of
.
1*
Apothe'-
crie'
and Metric weight*
object
would be served, and awkward and confusing
would
result.
The new
figures
soluble Bismuth Salts and the soluble Iron Arsenate outcome of investigation-, conducted in the Wellcome Chemical Research Lalxiratories, ^""o,,, and mark a great advance in the preparation Particular attention has also been devoted to of scale salts. the preparation of fine alkaloids, and the standards of purity are the
'WELLCOME' BRAND PRODUCTS
248
'Wellcome' Brand Product &-
continued
adopted are higher in many instances than those of the United States Pharmacopoeia. Wellcome Brand Chloroform embodies the results of the '
'
most recent researches, and provides an anaesthetic of the highest attainable degree of purity and freedom from irritating products of decomposition.
'WELLCOME'
BRAND
Aconitine, U.S. P.
The pure
crystallised alkaloid
from Aconititm uapellus,
pseudaconitine and japaconitine, and from the non-toxic aconine and benzaconine. Owing to its
free
from
extremely poisonous properties, aconitine should be prescribed and dispensed with the utmost caution. DOSE gr. 1/640 to gr. 1/400 (o-oooi gm. to 0-00015 gin.) U. S.P. AVERAGE DOSE 0-00015 gm- (gr- I /4)
Tubes ofgr. 5 Aconitine Hydrobromide
The most
salt of aconitine for therapeutic soluble in water, perfectly stable, and The remarks as to purity and of uniform composition. dosage of the alkaloid apply also to this salt.
use.
suitable
It is readily
DOSE gr. 1/640 to gr. 1/400 (o-oooi gm. Tubes of gr. 5 (0-3 gm.)
to 0-00015
gm.)
Aloin, U.S. P.
Free from
resin.
Lighter in colour and affords a
clearer solution than the usual commercial article.
DOSE
gr. 1/2 to gr. 2 (0-03
U.S. P. AVERAGE DOSE Bottles of oz.
I
gm.
(28-3 gm.}
to 0-13
S m (g r
0-065
-
gm.) -
x)
and oz. 4 (113 gin.
)
Aloin, Crystal
Free from
Well-defined crystals.
DOSE
gr. 1/2 to gr. 2 (0-03
Bottles of oz.
I
gm.
to 0-13
resin.
gm.)
(28'37.) and oz. 4
(113 gm.)
Apomorphine Hydrochloride
The melting point of this pure salt is between 295 and 300 C., not 276 C. as usually stated. 0-002 gm. (gr. ,/ 3o) ( Expectorant, U.S. P. AVERAGE DOSE I
Tillies
of
I
gramme.
Emetic, 0-005 S m (g r 1/1) -
Bottles of $
-
grammes.
For prices, see separate
list
'WELLCOME' BRAND PRODUCTS
'Wellcome'
It
rand Product tcontiimttl
WELLCOME' .,
(
Atropine
~'i.'
BRAND U.S.P.
J'ure Alkaloid),
Tlie pure crystallised alkaloid, free from hyoscyamine
and hyoscine. gr. 1/200 to gr. i/ioo (0-0003
60 (3-9 gm.),
Bottles of ST. (28-3 ^w.) .,
K |n to 0-0006 gm.) -
os.
1/4 (7
gm.) and
Atropine Sulphate, U.S.P. Prepared from pure atropine. DOSE gr. i/ioo to gr. i/ioo (0-0003 8 m to 0-0006 gm.) Bottles of or. 60 (3-9 ?/.), oz. 1/4 (7 pn. ) and (28.3,^.)
oz.
\
oz.
i
-
..
I
lismuth Carbonate, U.S. P. K gr. 5 to gr. 20 (0-3 gm. to Bottles of os. % (227
..
gm.
1-3
and
)
gm.) tins of
oz.
1
6 (454 gm.)
Hismuth Citrate Practically free from nitrate (containing less than Renders a clear solution with 0-05 per cent, of N 2O 8 ). ammonia. Yields by the official test 56-58 per cent, of
81,03.
DOSE
gr. a to gr. 5 (0-13
U.S.P. AVERAGE DOSE
gm.
to 0-3
gm.)
0-125 ijm. (gr. 2)
Bottles of oz. 4 (113 gm.), oz. 8 (227 grti.)
(454 .
and oz.
1
6
*)
Cisinuth and Iron Citrate (Soluble) In yellowish-green scales, readily soluble in water.
The Bismuth and
Iron
preparation so as to e<)iial
part- hy
wdghi I
combined
gm.
to 0-65
os,
(28-3 gnt.),
in
this
nearly as possible
their respective
<>f
gr. 5 to gr. to (0-3
Bottles of oz.
Citrates are
represent as
anhydrous
salts.
gm.)
4 (ll$gnt.) and
o*.
8
ami Lithium Citrate (Soluble) In handsome, Its
peutic
efiert-,
bismuth
.ire
rlourle.v
exhibition i
lithium
desired.
><
ak->,
indicated
is
in
The
i
readily
when
t'i)juiictiin
proportion
.soluble
the
in
thera-
with those of of
lithium,
in
combination, o.rres|xnuls to ^5 jo per cent., by weight, of anhydrous lithium citrate.
For prices, see separate
list
'WELLCOME' BRAND PRODUCTS
250
'Wellcome' Brand Product s
'WELLCOME' ,,
,,
continued
BRAND
Bismuth and Lithium Citrate (Soluble) continued DOSE gr. 2 to gr. 5 (0-13 gm. to 0-3 gm.) Bottles of oz. I (28- 3 ?.), oz. 4 (113 gm.} and (227 gm.}
oz.
8
Bismuth Salicylate, U.S. P. (Physiologically Pure) This preparation contains the proper proportion of bismuth combined with pure salicylic acid, and is uniform in
composition.
DOSE
gr. 5 to gr. 20 (0-3
Bottles of oz.
I
(28-3
gm.
to 1-3
gm.)
gm. } and oz. 4 (113 gm.
)
Bismuth Subgallate, U.S.P. This is in a state of very fine powder a condition which renders it eminently suitable for local application. DOSE gr. 10 to gr. 20 (0^65 gm. to 1-3 gm. )
Bottles of oz.
Bismuth Subnitrate, U.S.P. DOSE gr. s to gr. 20 (0-3 gm. Bottles of oz. 8 (227 ,,
and oz. ^(ilT,gm.)
(2&-$ gm.)
I
to 1-3
gm.)
gm.} and oz. 16 (454 gm.}
Bismuth Tartrate (Soluble) Readily soluble in water, yielding a bright, permanent solution.
Being
acid,
slightly
it
is
chemically and
physiologically compatible with pepsin preparations. DOSE gr. 2 to gr. 5 (0-13 gm. to 0-3 gm.) Bottles of oz. i (28-3 gm.} and oz. 4 (113 gm.} ,,
Brucine
Free from strychnine. Tubes of i gramme. Bottles of $ grammes. ,,
Caffeine, U.S.P.
DOSE
gr.
i
to gr. 5 (0-06
Bottles of oz. ,,
to 0-3 gm.)
gm.
(zS-lgm.) and oz. ^(il^g-m.)
I
Caffeine Citrate, U.S.P.
DOSE
gr. 2 to gr. 10 (0-13
Bottles of oz.
I
gm. to 0-65 gm.) (28-3 gm.), oz. 4 (113
gm. and )
(227 gm.) ,,
Calcium Glycerophosphate DOSE gr. 2 to gr. 5 (0-13 gm. Bottles of oz.
I
(28-3
to 0-3
gm.)
gm. and oz. 4(113 gm. )
For prices, see separate
list
)
oz.
8
'WELLCOME' BRAND PRODUCTS
Wellcome' Brand Product icontinutd
WELLCOME'
Bk
irium Hypophosphite, U.S. attention
:.il
1'.
invited
is
to
this
salt
and to
its
property of readily rendering a perfectly clear solution with water. It conforms strictly in all respects to the P.
requirements. gr. 3 to gr. 10 (0-2
:
I
.
>.
KKAUE DOSE
1
I
A'.
.
:'cs
oz.
of
gm. 0-5
to 0-65
gm.
gm.)
(gr. 7-1/2)
(28-3 gm.), oz. 4
I
(n$gm.) and
oz.
8
VTO.)
itlmruiin
The
crystalline
active
of
principle
Cantharis
vesicatoria.
Tubes of gr. 5 (0-3 gin. ,,
Bottles of
).
I
gramme.
Chloroform
Conforms to purity and reliability. the U.S. P. Specially prepared for the
;ional
requirement^
\
-tin ti>ts.
Free from
all
irritating products
of decomposition.
Amber-coloured stoppered bottles of oz. 2 (57 .;'///. ), 4 H>. (i 13 xm.), 1/2/6. (227 gm.), and I Ib. (454^- ) H, nnti, ally-sealed tubes of 30 c.c. (afprox. \jl. oz.), 60 c.c. (approx. 2ji. os.), and 1/4 Ib. (113 gm.) i
>
iliiu-
Mydrochloride
The
pure, white crystalline salt of choline.
of
i
I'.S.
Bottles ofoz.
Cocaine
(
Tun
HottUs of
Bottles of 5
gramme.
grammes.
1
I
i
.
(28-3
gm. ) and oz. 4(113 gm. )
Alkaloid), U.S.I'. oz.
1/8 (3-5 gm.), oz. 1/2 (14
gm.) and
I
and oz.
I
(28-3 gm.) nlnride. I ^K
v .
gr. 1/5 to gr. 1/2 (0-013
.-.'<*
!
K m '00-03 K"1 -)
0/0:. 1/8 (3-5 gm.) t
-
ot.
1/2
For prices, see separate
(I4^M list
)
'WELLCOME' BRAND PRODUCTS
252
'Wellcome' Brand Products
'WELLCOME' ,,
Conine (Pure DOSE
continued
BRAND
Alkaloid), U.S. P.
gr. 1/4 to gr. 2 (0-015
8 m to -
Bottles of gr. 60 (3-9 gm.}, (28-3 gm.) ,,
0-I 3
02.
Codeine Phosphate, U.S. P. DOSE gr. 1/4 to gr. 2 (0-015 S m to Bottles of gr. 60 (3-9 gm.}, oz. -
g m -)
1/2
'
J
3
(i^gm.) and oz.
I
8 m -)
1/2 (14
gm.} and oz.
I
(28-3^.) ,,
Coniine Hydrochloride A pure, white
salt
the
of
alkaloid
Conium
of
maculatum. Tubes of ,,
I
gramme.
Bottles of 5
grammes.
Emetine (Pure Alkaloid) This
is
the essential alkaloid of ipecac, and not the known as emetine.
mixture of alkaloids formerly
DOSE
Expectorant, gr. 1/200 to gr. 1/50 (0-0003 gm. too-ooi3gni.) Emetic, gr. 1/6 to gr. 1/3 (o-oi gm. to 0-02 gm.)
Tubes of ,,
I
gramme.
Emetic, gr.
Tubes of , ,
Bottles of gr.
60 (3-9 gm.}
Emetine Hydrobromide The most suitable salt of emetine for therapeutic use. DOSE Expectorant, gr. 1/200 to gr. 1/50(0-0003 gm. to 0-0013 gm.) I
1/6 to gr. 1/3 (o-oi
gramme.
gm.
to 0-02
gm.)
Bottles of gr. 60 (3-9
gm. }
Ergotinine
A
pure crystalline alkaloid, obtained from ergot. Tubes of I gramme. Bottles of 5 grammes.
Ergotoxine Phosphate
A
crystalline salt of the alkaloid Ergotoxine,
one of
the active principles of Ergot.
Tubes ofo-l gramme, 0-5
gramme and
I
gramme
Ether (Pure) Prepared specially for exceeds that of the U.S. P.
anaesthesia.
Sp. gr. (at 25
Hermetically-sealed tubes of^30 c.c. and do I
fl. oz.
and 2/1.
oz.
For prices, see separate
list
standard
Its
C.) 0-710. c.c.
=
approx.
BRAND PRODUCTS
XVELI.COM K'
'
'Wellcome' Brand Product ico*tixutd
WELLCOME' ..
I.thyl Chloride,
BRAND U.S. P.
Prepared specially for general anaesthesia. Hermetically-sealed tubes of 3 c.c. and 5 c.c, Phosphate, Soluble See Iron Phosphate, Soluble, page 255
iic
,,
Gelsemine i
i\-t.,
A
Hydrochloride (Gelsemininum hydrochloricum
(
ler.)
salt
of the crystallisable alkaloid of Gelsemiuw
nitidnm.
DOSE gr. i/iao to gr. 1/30 (0-0005 gm. to 0-002 gm.) Tubes ofgr. 5 (0-3 gtn.) and I gramme lomatropine (Tare Alkaloid) Tubes ofgr. 5 (0-3 gm.)
..
I
,.
Iloinatrnpinc Hydrobromide, U.S. P. salt is presented in an exceptionally pure form, importance of which is best realised when the minuteness of the dose, as a mydriatic, is considered. DOSE gr. 1/80 to gr. 1/20 (0-0008 gm. to 0-003 K"1-) U.S.P. AVERAGE DOSE 0-0005 gn>- (s*- /i"8)
This
the
Tubes ofgr. 5 (0-3 w.) lomatropine Mcthylbromide Tubes ofgr. 5 (0-3 gni.)
,,
I
..
Hordenine
The
alkaloid contained in the
germ of malt-grains,
presented in a pure form.
Tubes of
I
gramme.
Rattles of 5
grammes.
Alkaloid), U.S.I'. The crystallised white alkaloid tanadensis. ( I'tire
HydraMiiie
DOSE
gr. 1/4 to gr.
i
to
from
Hydrastis
006 gm.)
(0-015 gm. o-oi gm. (gr. 1/5)
U.S. P. AVKRAGB DOSE
7 'ubes of ..
I
gramme.
Bottles of n.
I
Hydnistinr Hydrochloride This salt of the pure white alkaloid in
(28-3
is
,f//.
)
readily soluble
water.
DOSE
gr. 1/4 to gr.
7'ufifs
of
i
i
Km. to 0-06 gm.) Hollies of oz. I (28-3
(0-015
gramme.
For prices, see separate
list
gm. )
'WELLCOME' BRAND PRODUCTS
254
'Wellcome' Brand Product s
'WELLCOME' ,,
BRAND
Hydrastinine Hydrochloride, U.S.P. An oxidation product of the alkaloid hydrastine, free from those other bases which are generally associated with
it
DOSE
in its production. gr. 1/4 to gr. 1/2 (0-015
U.S.P. AVERAGE DOSE
Tubes of gr.
,,
-continued
5 (0-3
0-03
g.
to
gm.
(gr. 1/2)
gm.) and
I
'03
gm.)
gram me
Hyoscyamine (Pure Alkaloid) Pure, hevo-rotatory Hyoscyamine, free from atropine
and hyoscine.
This product
unless dextro- Hyoscyamine
DOSE
is
always be supplied
will
specified.
gm
gr. 1/200 to gr. i/ioo (0-0003
Tubes ofgr. 5 (0-3 gm.) and
I
to 0-0006
-
gm.)
gramme
'
,,
Hyoscyamine
dextro-Hyoscyaminc )
(
The it is
optical isomeride of laevo-Hyoscyamine, to very inferior in physiological activity.
Tubes ofgr. 5 (0-3 gm.}. ,,
Rattles of
Hyoscyamine Sulphate DOSE gr. 1/200 to gr. 1/100(0-0003 gm. U.S.P. AVERAGE DOSE 0-0005 S m (& r -
Tubes of gr. 5 (0-3 gm.) and
,,
I
I
which
gramme
to 0-0006
gm.)
1/128)
-
gramme
Hyoscine Hydrobromide, U.S.P. This alkaloidal salt is 10evo-rotatory. DOSE gr. 1/200 to gr. i/ioo (0-0003 S m to 0-0006 gm.) -
Tubes of
I
gramme.
Bottles of gr. 60 (3-9
gm. }
'
,,
Iron Arsenate
(
Sohible)
In handsome green scales, readily soluble in water. Arsenic content is equivalent to 34-35 per cent, of ferric arsenate. May be used for preparation of a solution similar to Syrup of Arsenate of Iron, N.F.
anhydrous
DOSE
gr. 1/16 to gr. 1/4 (0-004 g' u
-
to
'
OI 5
g m -)
'
Bottles of oz.
I
(28-3 gm.)
For prices, see separate
list
'WELLCOME
'Wellcome
It
rand Products
WELLCOME' ..
HKAM> PRODUCTS continued
BRAND
Irn ;iycer<>plnphate <
warm
II.nitKoiiH M-ales, readily soluble in K
Bottles of oz. ,,
wuter.
6 (o-a gm. to 0-4 gm.)
gr. 3 to gr.
(28-3 ;w.)
I
and oz. 4
(113x7/7.
)
Iron Hypophosphite (Soluble)
In handsome greenish scales, distinguished from the ordinary iron hypophosphite by U-ing readily soluble in water. Contains alx>ut 12 per cent, of iron. 5
.
Mottles of oz.
(227 ..
gm. to
(0-06
(28-3
I
gm.)
0-3
.///.), oz.
and
4 (113 gni.)
oz.
8
.-///.)
Iron Pho.sphate (Soluble), U.S.I*.
In the form of bright green transparent scales, freely in water. Conforms in every respect to the requirements of the United States Pharmacopoeia. soluble
gr. 5 to gr. 10 (0-3 gin. to 0-65
AVERAGE DOSB
I'.
3
Mottles of
(227 XHI. ,.
,'-.
0-25
gm.
oz.
(28-3 gm.),
i
gm.)
(gr. 4)
4 (113 gm.) and oz. 8
)
Iron I'yrophosphate (Soluble), U.S.I'. 10 (0-3
.
U.S. P. AVERAGE DOSE Bottles of
oz.
i
gm. 0-23
to 0-65
gm.
(28-3 .?!.),
gm.)
(gr. 4)
oz.
4
(
1 1
3 gin.
)
and oz.
8
(227 ..
Lithium Benzoate, U.S.I'.
Dos
gr. 5 to gr. 10 (0-3
Mottles of oz. ,.
Lithium Citrate, >
I
(28-3
I'.S.
gm. to 0-65 gm.)
gm. ) and oz. 4(113 gm. )
I'.
-gr. 5 to gr. 10 (0-3 gm. to 0-65 gra.)
Bottles
(227 gm.
of
)
oz.
and oz.
i
1
(28-3
w/.),
6 (454 gtn.
oz.
4 (113
)
(llyrrmphospliate >
gr. 3 to gr. 10 (0-2
gm.
to 0-65 gin.
,ntd
oz.
)
4
For prices, see separate
list
^///.),
oz.
8
WEI, LCD ME
556
BRAND PRODUCTS
Wellcome' Brand Pr od u ct s WELLCOME' BRAND ,,
Manganese and Iron
A
cnntinut-ii
Citrate (Soluble)
readily soluble in water, containing about 7 per cent, of manganese and 14 per cent, of iron scale
salt,
in organic combination.
DOSE
togr. 10(0-2 gm. to 0-65 gm.)
gr. 3
Bodies of (227 gm.
,,
)
oz.
(28-3 gm.}, 16 (454 gm. )
Manganese and Iron Contains is
oz.
I
and oz.
oz.
4 (113 gm.),
8
Citrate with Arsenic (Soluble)
per cent, of arsenic trioxide, but otherwise identical with Manganese and Iron Citrate 0-5
(See above. )
(Soluble).
DOSE
gr. 3 to gr. 10 (0-2
Bottles of oz.
I
gm.
to 0-65
(28-3 gin.}
Manganese and Iron
gm.)
and oz. 4
Citrate with Quinine (Soluble)
Contains 15 per cent, of quinine, but is otherwise identical with Manganese and Iron Citrate (Soluble). (See above. )
DOSE
gr. 3 to gr. 10 (0-2
Bottles of oz.
gm. to 0-65 gm.)
(28-3 gm.}
I
Manganese and Iron
and oz. 4
Citrate with Strychnine (Soluble)
per cent, of strychnine, but is otherwise identical with Manganese and Iron Citrate (Soluble).
Contains
I
(See above. )
DOSE
gr.
i
to gr. 3 (0-06
Bottles of oz.
I
(28-3
gm.
to 0-2
gm.)
gm. } and 0z. 4
(
1
13
gm. }
Manganese and Iron Phosphate (Soluble)
A
scale salt readily soluble in
warm
water.
Contains
about 7 per cent, of manganese and 14 per cent, of
DOSE
gr. 3 to gr. 10 (0-2
Bottles of
(227 gm.)
oz.
and oz.
I
gm.
to 0-65
(28-3 gm,), 16 (454,,fw.)
iron.
gm.)
oz.
4 (113 gm.),
For prices, see separate
list
oz.
8
'WBLLCOME' IIKAND PKOOUCTS
Wellcome' lirand Product *
'WELLCOME' ..
Miiii^.ui'--'-
'it
(
7
continued
BRAND
rate (Soluble)
In the form of handsome. nearly colourless scales, which are readily soluble in water. Contains about 12 per cent, of manganese in organic combination. gr. 3 to gr. 10(0-3 gin. to 0-65
I
Bottles ofoz. ,,
Manganese
I
i
to gr. jo (0-06
Hollies of oz. ..
gm.)
and oz. 4
(28-3 gin.)
13 gm.}
(i
Ivpophosphite, U.S.P.
-gr.
i
I
i
(28-3
to 0-65 gm.)
gm.
gm. and oz. 4(113 gw. )
Manganese Peroxide (Pure) Contains approximately 85 per cent, peroxide,
MnO a
i
Of uniform
to 0-65 gm.)
gm.
and
(28-3,pn.)
Ifdemons Chloride,
tion.
of manganese
.
-gr. 2 to gr. 10 (0-13
Bottles ofoz. ,,
)
oz.
4 (li3,w.)
U.S.P. (Calomel)
physical character, prepared by sublimafree from mercuric chloride and other
lieing
it contaminations, jnii--.ses de>irable uniformity (iuaranteed Knglisli preparation. gr. i/a to gr. 5 (0-03 em. to 0-3 RIH.)
of
action,
...
A gm.) and
''fsofot. 4(II3^//.), oz. 8 (227
oz.
16
(454 .C'"-)"
Mercury I
l\i-d.
I". S.I'.
I
Mercuric Iodide)
gr. 1/33 to gr. 1/16 (0-002
Roltlts
of
oz.
I
gm.
(28-3 &M.),
to 0-004 oz.
')
4 (113
.;///.},
oz.
S
(227 gw.) andoz. i6(454^w.)
Mercury Iodide. Yellow. I'. S.I'. (1'ure Mercurous Iodide) A true mercurous iodide of definite and constant Contain no free mercury. composition. gr. 1/8 to gr.
Hotties of IK.
I
i
(0-008
gm.
to 0-06
gm.)
(
Mercury Oxide. Yellow, U.S.P. Hotttts
For prices, see separate
UJ list
.;ni.
)
'WELLCOME' BRAND PRODUCTS
258
'Wellcome' Brand Product s
'WELLCOME' ,,
Morphine Acetate, U.S. P. DOSE
gr. 1/8 to gr. 1/2 (0-008 gin. to 0-03
Bottles of
(28-3 ,,
oz.
)
gm.)
gm. ),
oz.
i
1/2 (14 gm.),
oz.
i
oz.
I
1/2 (14
)
Morphine Hydrochloride, U.S. P. gr. 1/8 to gr. 1/2 (0-008
Bottles of oz.
(28-3
)
gm. to 0-03 gm.)
1/8 (3-5 gm.), oz.
gm. and oz. 4
(
1
13
gm. )
Morphine Sulphate, U.S. P. DOSE gr. 1/8 to gr. 1/2 (0-008 gm. Bottles of
(28-3 gm.), ,,
1/8 (3-5 gm.), os.
gm. and oz. 4 (113 gm.
DOSE
,,
continued
BRAND
oz.
oz.
to 0-03
1/8 (3-5 gm.), oz.
4 (113 gm.) and
gm.) 1/2 (14
gm. ),
8 (227 gm.)
oz.
Nicotine
The pure Tubes of
re-distilled alkaloid of I
gramme.
Nicotiana tabacum.
Bottles of 5
grammes.
Nicotine Tartrate
A
definite,
well crystallised salt,
readily soluble in
water.
Tubes of ,,
I
gramme and 5 grammes.
Pelletierine Tannate, U.S. P.
An amorphous product. Prepared alkaloids of pomegranate bark. DOSE
gr. 2 to gr. 8 (0-13
Bottles of gr. 60 (3-9 ,,
,,
gm.
to 0-5
gm.)
gm.)
Physostigmine (Pure Alkaloid) Tubes ofgr. 2 (0-13 gm.) and gr. 5 (o-^gm.) Physostigmine Hydrobromide (Eserine Hydrobromide) DOSE gr. 1/60 to gr. 1/20 (o-ooi gm. to 0-003 Sm -)
Tubes ofgr. 5 (0-3 gm.) and ,,
from the
I
gramme
Physostigmine Salicylate (Eserine Salicylate), U.S. P.
DOSE
gr. 1/60 to gr. 1/20 (o-ooi
U.S. P. AVERAGE DOSE
o-ooi
gm. to 0-003 gm. (gr. 1/64)
m -)
and I gramme For prices, see separate list
Tubes of gr. 5 (a-^gm.
)
total
up.
LLCOME' BRAND PRODUCTS
'Wellcome' Brand Pr od u ct *
'WELLCOME' ,,
I'hysosti^mine Sulphate
K-crine Sulphate), U.S.I'.
(
1/60 to gr. 1/20 (o-ooi
-gr.
U.S. P.
AVERAGE DOSE
gm. to 0-003 gm. (gr. 1/64)
o-oot
and gr.
Tubes ofgr. 2 (o-i^gm.) .,
continued
BRAND gin.)
5 (0-3 gin.)
I'ilocarpine Hydrochloride, U.S. P. '
Wellcome
'
Brand pilocarpine and the
K-ss active /ropilocarpine
salts are free
from the
inactive pilocarpidine. their respective melting
Their purity
is guaranteed by which are indicated on each package. gr. 1/20 to gr. 1/2 (0-003 8 m to '3 8 m -) U.S.P. AVERAGE DOSE o-oi gm. (gr. 1/5)
point-;,
-
Tubes of o*.
,,
I
1/2 (14
I gramme. Bottles of gr. fo (3-9 gm.), gm.) and oz. I (28-3 gm.)
'llucurpine Nitrate, U.S.
This
salt,
which
is
I'.
is
stable,
the one best adapted for
general use. gr. i/ao to gr. 1/2 (0-003 gm. to 0-03 DOSE o-oi gm. (gr. 1/5)
I
gm.)
U.S.P. AVERAGE
Tubes of 1/2 (14 ,,
I
I
(28-3 gm.)
U.S.P.
I'iperine,
The
pure, crystallised alkaloid of black pepper.
DOSE
gr.
i
to gr. 5 (0-06
Bottles of os. ,,
60 (3-9 gm. ),
Bottles of gr.
gramtne.
gm.) and as.
gm.
to 0-3
gm.)
(28-3^7.)
I
Poilophyllin (Resina Podophylli, U.S.P.) I'n-pared strictly in accordance with the from a carefully selected drug. DOSE gr. 1/4 to gr. i (0-015 gm. to 0-06 gm.) U.S. P.
official
method,
AVERAGE DOSB-{ f ur8a tive ''5 gm. (gr. iM \ Laxative, 0-005 K ra (gr- >/io) .
.
-
liottUs of oz.
i
(28-3 .cw-), oz. 4
(ii$gm.) andoz. 8
(227 gm.) ,,
Potassium
(
;iycrropho>|,liatc
upy liquid containing 50 |RT n-nt. of anhydrous |x>tassium ^lycwofdiotphate. i
>'
gr. 2 to gr. 5 (0-13 si".
Bottles of oz.
I
100-3 K'-)
(28-3. i^m.)
and o~*. 4
For prices, see separate
(113 ,/.) list
WELLCOME' BRAND PRODUCTS
'Wellcome' Brand Product s
'WELLCOME' ,,
BRAND
Potassium Hypophosphite, U.S.P. DOSE gr. i to gr. 6 (0-06 gm. to 0-4 gm.) Bottles of oz.
,,
i
and oz. 4
(28- 3 gin.}
Quinine Bihydrochloride DOSE gr. i to gr. 10 (0-06 gm. Bottles of oz.
,,
continued
to 0-65
(113 gin.)
gm.)
(28-3 gm.)
i
Quinine Bisulphate, U.S.P.
Being readily soluble
more convenient
for
in water (i
many purposes
in
10),
this salt is
than the less soluble
sulphate.
DOSE
gr. i to gr. 10 (0-06
U.S.P. AVERAGE DOSE Bottles of oz. ,,
(28-3 gm.) andoz. 4 (113 gm.}
I
Quinine Hydrochloride, U.S.P. DOSE gr. i to gr. 10 (0-06 gm. to 0-65 gm.) U.S.P. AVERAGE DOSE 0-25 gm. (gr. 4) Bottles of oz.
I
(28-3 gvi.
Quinine Hypophosphite DOSE gr. i to gr. 3 (o'o6 gm. Bottles of oz. ,,
Quinine Lactate DOSE gr. i to gr. Bottles of
,,
I
and
)
to 0-2
oz.
4 (113 gm.)
gm.)
(28-3 gin.)
5 (0-06
oz.
i
Quinine Phosphate DOSE gr. i to gr. Bottles of oz.
,,
and oz. 4 (n$gi.)
(28-3 gm.)
I
Quinine Hydrobromide, U.S.P. DOSE gr. i to gr. 10 (0-06 gm. to 0-65 gm.) U.S.P. AVERAGE DOSE 0-25 gm. (gr. 4) Bottles of oz.
,,
gm. to 0-65 gm.) gm. (gr. 4)
0-25
I
gm.
to
03 gm.)
(28 -3 gm.)
10 (0-06
gm.
to 0-65
gm.)
(28'3^'w.)
Quinine Salicylate, U.S.P. Prepared from physiologically pure DOSE gr. 2 to gr. 6 (0-13 gm. to 0-4 gm.) U.S.P. AVERAGE DOSE 0-25 gm. (gr. 4) Bottles of oz.
I
(28-3
salicylic acid.
gm. ) and oz. 4(1
For prices, see separate
13
list
gm. )
'WELLCOMK' BRAND PRODUCTS
'Wellcome' Brand Products
'WELLCOME' ,,
<
v
961
contiHuoi
BRAND
>uiiiine
Sulphate (Compact) This salt is presented in a more compact form of i-rysi.ils than that usually supplied, although identical in composition with the official salt. Its diminished bulk renders it more convenient for storage and dispensing.
When ordering Quinine Sulphate, please indicate whether "compact" or "large flake" is required. DOSB gr. i to gr. 10 (0-06 gm. to 0-65 gin.) U.S. P. AVERAGE DOSB 0-25 gm. (gr. 4) '
Bottles of oz. I (2%-$gm.) and oz. 4 (i 13 of os. 25 (709 gm.) and oz. 100 (2835 gm.)
,,
g
Quinine Sulphate (Large Plate) This is the official salt in the usual bulky form of
We
recommend
Tins
/.).
light
preference the compact crystals, which occupy one-third the space, as Wing more portable and convenient. When ordering Quinine Sulphate, please indicate fV.ithery
crystals.
in
whether "compact" or "large flake" DOSE gr. i to gr. 10 (0-06 gm. to 0-65 gm.) U.S.P. AVERAGE DOSE 0-25 gm. (gr. 4) Bottles of oz.
,,
Scammony
oz.
4 (113 gm.),
oz.
and
oz.
I
25 (709 gm.)
)
Resin, U.S. P.
Thi.s resin
is
issued in the form of a fine, light-coloured
powder, which is specially convenient DOSB gr. 3 to gr. 8 (0-2 gm. to 0-5 gm.) Bottles of oz.
i
(28-3
gm. ) and os. 4
limn Hypophosphite, U.S. In
required.
1/4 (7 gm.), oz. 1/2 (14 gni.)
Tins of I CO (2835 gm.
(28-3 gm.).
and oz.
is
1'.
( !'nn-
for dispensing.
( 1 1
transparent crystals molecule of water of crystallisation.
Hollies of oz.
\
to 0-65
(2S-3.fw.
),
oz.
gm. )
Crystals)
colourle>.
phosphate and phosphite. DOSK gr. 3 to gr. 10 (0-2 gm.
3
containing It
is
free
one from
gm.)
4 (113 gm.) and os. 8
(227 gm.)
For prices, see separate
list
'WELLCOME' BRAND PRODUCTS
'Wellcome' Brand Pr od ucts
continued
'WELLCOME' BRAND Sodium
,,
Salicylate, U.S. P. ( Physiologically
This
salt
is
issued
Pure)
"powder" and
in
in
"flake."
When
ordering, please indicate which is required. DOSE gr. 10 togr. 30 (0-65 gm. to 2 gm.) Bottles of oz. 4 (113 gm. ), oz. 8 (227 gm.} and
oz.
16
(454 gm.}
Sodium
,,
Salicylate
(Natural)
Prepared from genuine oil of wintergreen. DOSE gr. 10 to gr. 30 (0-65 gm. to 2 gm.) Bottles of oz. I (28-3 gin.} and oz. 4 {\\T,gm.} Sparteine Sulphate, U.S. P.
,,
DOSE
gr. 1/2 to gr. i (0-03
Bottles of oz.
i
gm.
to 0-06
gm.)
(28-3^-w.)
Strophanthin, U.S. P.
,,
A
preparation
physiological U.S. P.
of
uniform
AVERAGE DOSE
and I gramme
Strychnine (Pure Alkaloid), U.S. P. gr. 1/60 to gr. 1/15 (o-ooi
Bottles of oz. ,,
by
0-0003 gm. (gr. 1/200)
Tttbes of gr. 5 (0-3 gin.}
DOSE
controlled
activity,
test.
I
gm.
to 0-004
g m -)
(28-3 gm.}
Veratrine
Pure crystalline alkaloid, not a mixture. Tubes of gr. 5 (0-3 gm.}. Bottles of I gramme, and gr.
6o(3-9w.).
For prices, see separate
ES
'WELLCOME'
BRAND
list
CHEMICALS
WERE AWARDED
GRAND PRIZES AT THE FOLLOWING INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITIONS St. Louis,
Alaska-Yukon,
1904
Milan, 1906
Seattle, 1909
Japan-British, London, 1910
Liege, 190;
[1908
Franco-British, London,
Brussels, 1910
Turin, 1911
WELLCOME'
"
Clinically proved to
be the
Marks the
latest
CHLOROFORM ideal anaesthetic.
degree of efficiency and safety
yet achieved.
Contains
that
small
definite
yet
proportion of
Ethyl Chloride which has been found to conduce to the
comfort of the patient. (See page 251)
This
.u
'SOAMIN' VS
'
product
Arylarsonate in
""AND
'TABLOID'
22
curate
presents
(Sodium
SOAMIN,'
the
reliable
para-aminophenylarsonate),
and soluble doses.
'SOAMIN' has been extensively used with marked success proto/oul
in
syphilis,
sleeping-sickness It
is
an
r\< client
exhibiting arsenic in an.einias etc.
and
other
means of
BURROUGHS WELLCOME & CO. LONDON (ENG.) NEW YORK
MONTREAL
CAPE TOWN
SYDNEY
BUENOS AIRES
SHANGHAI
MILAN
U.S.A. Offices and Exhibition Room:
37 & 39, WEST THIRTY-THIRD STREET (NEAR FIFTH AVENUE), NEW YORK CITY
35,
Cables
and Radiotelegrams "
Telephone No.
508
ABC and LIBBER'S
"TABLOID,
NEW YORK"
GREELEY" (two
lines)
Telegraphic Codes used
Canadian Offices and Warehouses:
101-109,
NICHOLAS &
ST.
CORISTINE BUILDING ST. PAUL STS., MONTREAL
DEPOTS IN ATLANTA, GA.
Jacobs' Pharmacy Co., 10, Marietta Street
Muth Bros. Co., 23, South Charles Street
BALTIMORE, MD. BOSTON, MASS.
Eastern
Street
&
Drug Co.,
PHILADELPHIA, PA. & French Co.,
DALLAS,
Drug
TEX.
H.
W. Adams
DULUTH, MINN.
Kelly
L. A. Street
Seltzer,
Phoenix HAMILTON, BERMUDA. Drug Co. Houston Drug HOUSTON, TEX. Co., 102, Travis Street
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
Kiefer
Drug
Co.
KANSAS CITY, Mo.
Faxon
&
W.
Arch
Gilmore
J.
Co., 426, Seventh
PORTLAND, OREGON. Woodward Drug Hoyt Street ST.
Leithhead Drug
Co.
Louis,
Mo.
J.
Co., Fourth Streets
Drug
Avenue
The Clarke Co., 401-407,
S.
Merrell
and Market
ST. PAUL, MINN. Noyes Bros. & Cutler, 396-408, Sibley Street
SAN ANTONIO, TEX. San Antonio Drug Co. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. Langley
&
Michaels Co., 34-40, First
Street
Gallagher
Western ANGELES, CAL. Wholesale Drug Co. 235-237, South Los Angeles Street LOUISVILLE, KY. Robinson-Pettet
Los
,
Co., 528-532,
PITTSBURG, PA.
Drug -
Co.
DETROIT, MICH. 32,
Buehler,
Greiner
Smith, Kline 429-435,
Street
8-20. Fulton Street
CHICAGO, ILL. E. 134, Lake Street
U.S.A.
NEW ORLEANS, LA. I. L. Lyons & Co., Ltd., 222-224, Camp
West Main
Street
SEATTLE, WASH.
Drug Avenue
WASH. Drug Co.
SPOKANE,
Stewart Holmes Third
Co., 209-211, Street
The
Spokane
MEMORANDA
MEMORANDA
MEMORANDA
MEMORANDA
MEMORANDA
MEMORANDA
MEMORANDA
MEMORANDA
MEMORANDA
MEMORANDA
MEMORANDA
M
EMORAN DA
MEMORANDA
MEMORANDA
MEMORANDA
MEMORANDA
MEMORANDA
MEMORANDA
M
EMORAN DA
MEMORAN DA
M
EMORAN DA
MEMORAN DA
MEMORANDA
MEMORAN DA
MEMORANDA
MEMORANDA
MEMORANDA
MEMORANDA
THE SYNTHETIC H^MOSTATIC
'EP1NINE'
TRADE
MARK
(3:4-dihydroxyphenylethylmethylamine)
The
result
.iic.il
It
of
Wellcome
'
\\'orks.
possesses the characteristic physiological action
the
active
of
extract
approximately
Since
as
supra-renal as
active
according
being
gland,
the
supra-renal
measurements
to
on the blood-pressure of the
of
cat.
a synthetic substance forming crystalline
it is
its
the
i/io
principle,
their effects
salts,
'
of investigations at the
purity can be chemically guaranteed. (See page 174)
'VAPOROLE'
E2
"HAND
'EPININE'
72?
product presents i c.c. of sterile solution 100) in an hermetically-sealed container, for i
(i
in
use.
hypodermic
Additional stability
KriMM.
is
thus secured.
'
is
alx>
issued
in
Cocaine Hydrochloride. fage 244;
combination with
ERGOT IDEALISED
^ '
BRAND
'ERNUTIN'
ERNUTIN
Ergot, but
'
contains the desirable constituents of
from
free
is
PRODUCTS
inactive
its
and objection-
able ingredients. '
'
ERNUTIN
'
ERNUTIN
'
physiologically standardised.
is
a
is
of
preparation
unvarying
composition. '
ERNUTIN
'
is
It
reliable. fail
ordinary galenicals
successful
is
owing to the
when
variability
of
the crude drug.
USE
DOSE
After normal confinements ' Ernutin prevents or arrests haemorrhage, promptly produces a firm contraction of the uterus, improves the tone of the uterine :
'
muscle and
Give 30-60 minims of Ernutin,' by the mouth, every three hours '
the completion of the third stage of labour, until firm uterine contraction is produced. after
assists involution.
In post-partum haemorrhage.
In ordinary cases inject, 5-10 minims of
hypodermically, '
'
'Ernutin.' In urgent should be given by intra-
Vaporole cases,
it
muscular injection.
(See page 175)
TSS
'WELLCOME'
BKAM.
CONCENTRATED DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN In
Syringe-containers
This j>roduct consists of the antitoxic globulins separated
by a method of
precipitation from
salt
Diphtheria Antitoxic Serum.
Although
removed
no
in
the
antitoxic value,
with
of
fraction
serum
the
it
is
toxic
is
at least equally responsible
the antitoxin-bearing proteins
dental
which
the process of concentration possesses
symptoms
which
for
sera
those inci-
may produce
in susceptible patients.
IMPORTANT.
In
the
resultant
Ehrlich units are contained fluid
as
compared with the
contain the same
number
in,
at
product most,
c.c.
2-5
i
1000 c.c.
of
necessary to
of units in the case of
an average unconcentrated serum.
Each container presents
an
accurate
antitoxin in a thoroughly reliable syringe. (See page
dose
of
TCE
'TABLOID'
BRAND
BLAUD PILL AND COMBINATIONS 'TABLOID' BLAUD PILL produces, of the gastric secretion,
which,
in the presence nascent ferrous carbonate,
without the slightest
alimentary
functions,
is
derangement of the and entirely
quickly
absorbed.
A
very
series
complete
of
compounds,
possess the same high efficiency,
is
which
issued.
(See page 210)
SSI
'TABLOID'
BRAND
CASCARA SAGRADA Accurate doses of the true Cascara Sagrada. Reliable, uniform
Produces' the
and
full
stable.
uncomplicated
physiological
action.
Free from the griping tendency of cascara preparations. (See page 214}
false or inferior
38
'KEPLER'
SOLUTION
(Of Cod Liver Oil
The combination is
of cod liver
oil
and malt
that
by invalids, infants and convalescents.
digested It
Malt Extract)
in
makes
flesh,
bone when
and
fat
ordinary
'mulsions make trouble. Its rich
by
nutty malt flavour
is
much
appreciated
fastidious patients.
ABOUT THE
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTS
'KEPLER' MALT The most
finest
intimate
and the most
ingredients
costly are
characteristic
the
knowledge,
the
world produces, the
the
widest
machinery factors
superiority
of
experience
that
science
has
which
secure
the
'Ki-iM.K. K'
PRODUCTS. pages 183
OF
and 184^
MALT
AWARDS CONFERRED UPON THE
WELLCOME PHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH LABORATORIES
AT INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITIONS
ST. LOUIS
ONE GRAND PRIZE ONE COLD MEDAL
1904
LIEGE 1905
ONE GRAND PRIZE TWO COLD MEDALS ONE GRAND PRIZE
MILAN 1906
LONDON
TWO GRAND PRIZES
(Franco-British)
1908
LONDON
ONE GRAND PRIZE
(Japan-British)
1910
BRUSSELS
FOUR GRAND PRIZES
1910
THREE GRAND PRIZES
TURIN 191
1
FOR
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND PREPARATIONS ETC..
ETC.
PORTION OF FRONTAGE BURROUGHS WELLCOME & Co.'s CHIEF OFFICES LONDON (ENG.) Corner
of
Holborn Viaduct and
Snow
facing Holborn Viaduct Station
Hill
TYPICAL AWARDS AT INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITIONS CONFERRED UPON BURROUGHS WKLLCOMK & Co. FOR THB SCIENTIFIC EXCELLENCE or THE FIRM'S PRODUCTS
ST. LOUIS
THREE GRAND PRIZES THREE GOLD MEDALS
1904
LIEGE
GRAND PRIZES THREE DIPLOMAS OF HONOUR THREE GOLD MEDALS
SIX
1905
LONDON (Franco- BrltUh)
1908
SEATTLE
SEVEN GRAND PRIZES ONE DIPLOMA OF HONOUR TWO GOLD MEDALS
ONE GRAND PRIZE
(Alaska-Yukon)
1909
LONDON
FIVE
GRAND PRIZES ONE GOLD MEDAL
(Japan-British)
1910
BRUSSELS 1910
BUENOS
EIGHT GRAND PRIZES THREE DIPLOMAS OF HONOUR ONE GOLD MEDAL
ONE GRAND PRIZE
AIRES 1910
LONDON
TWO GRAND PRIZES ONE GOLD MEDAL
(Festival of Empire!
191
1
TURIN 1911
EIGHT GRAND PRIZES TWO DIPLOMAS OF HONOUR THREE GOLD MEDALS MAKING
IN
ALL
MORE THAN 260 HIGHEST AWARDS
Co.'s BURROUGHS WELLCOME NEW YORK OFFICES AND EXHIBITION ROOM &.
35,
37
&
39,
West Thirty-third Street (near Fifth Avenue),
NEW YORK CITY
THE
'Tabloid'
I
Invented
\M>
by
'Soloid'
B. j
w.&Co.
Arc B. W.&Co.
They murk
the work of
Burroughs Wellcome
They mean
"
t<
Co.
I^uctl by
^
They stand
&
U'rllcoine
&
Co."
>r
products
A
A N
PLAN OF CENTRAL PORTION Acme
Hotel Albemarle Hotel Baptist
Church
Berkshire Inn Borton Hotel Bothwell Hotel Brighton Hotel Chalfonte Hotel Continental Hotel Dennis Hotel .
.
.
14
46 35 50 27 40 8
32 29 5
Edison Hotel Elberon Hotel Fredonia Hotel Greater Pittsburgh Hotel .
Haddon Hall Hotel Holmhurst Hotel
Howard Hotel
.
Iroquois Hotel. Islesworth Hotel
.
4 28 23 26 33
36 25 30 47
MEETING IS HELD IN ATLANTIC CITY EXPOSITION BUILDING
BOARDWALK AND KENTUCKY AVENUE
i
i
Position Indicated by
i
[I
Red Hand
N
OF ATUAHTIC CITY. N.J. lackson Hotel
39
.
Marlboroueh-Blenhelm Hotel Motherland Hole.
New Chatham
37
Hotel
Pennhursi Hotel
Ponce de Leon Hotel Presbyterian Church Ra'.ei.-h
Hotel Hotel
Raymond
.
6 16 3
.
48 38 54 42
St. St.
Charles Hotel lames' Hotel
Shelburne Hotel
Shoreham Hotel Sothem Hotel. Traymore Hotel Warwick Hotel
55 21 2
44 41 9
Westminster Hotel
31 15
Young's Hotel
22
.
University of California
SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1388 Return this material to the library from which it was borrowed.
,
B9T2a 1912 Burroughs V ^11 come & Co. Anfrlo-Saxon leechcraft
WZ5U B972a 1912 Wellcome & Co. 'o-faxon leechcraft
MEDICAL SCIENCES LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE IRVINE, CALIFORNIA 92664
