A Rossetti Family Chronology (Author Chronologies)

A Rossetti Family Chronology Alison Chapman and Joanna Meacock Author Chronologies General Editor: Norman Page, Emerit...

Author: Alison Chapman | Joanna Meacock

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A Rossetti Family Chronology Alison Chapman and Joanna Meacock

Author Chronologies General Editor: Norman Page, Emeritus Professor of Modern English Literature, University of Nottingham Published titles include: J. L. Bradley A RUSKIN CHRONOLOGY Michael G. Brennan and Noel J. Kinnamon A SIDNEY CHRONOLOGY 1554–1654 Gordon Campbell A MILTON CHRONOLOGY Alison Chapman and Joanna Meacock A ROSSETTI FAMILY CHRONOLOGY Edward Chitham A BRONTË FAMILY CHRONOLOGY Martin Garrett A BROWNING CHRONOLOGY: ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING AND ROBERT BROWNING A MARY SHELLEY CHRONOLOGY A. M. Gibbs A BERNARD SHAW CHRONOLOGY Graham Handley AN ELIZABETH GASKELL CHRONOLOGY J. R. Hammond A ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON CHRONOLOGY AN EDGAR ALLAN POE CHRONOLOGY AN H. G. WELLS CHRONOLOGY A GEORGE ORWELL CHRONOLOGY Edgar F. Harden A WILLIAM MAKEPEACE THACKERAY CHRONOLOGY A HENRY JAMES CHRONOLOGY AN EDITH WHARTON CHRONOLOGY Lisa Hopkins A CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE CHRONOLOGY John Kelly A W. B. YEATS CHRONOLOGY John McDermott A HOPKINS CHRONOLOGY Roger Norburn A JAMES JOYCE CHRONOLOGY

Norman Page AN EVELYN WAUGH CHRONOLOGY AN OSCAR WILDE CHRONOLOGY John Pilling A SAMUEL BECKETT CHRONOLOGY Peter Preston A D. H. LAWRENCE CHRONOLOGY Nicholas Maltzahn AN ANDREW MARVELL CHRONOLOGY

Author Chronologies Series Series Standing Order ISBN 0–333–71484–9 (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England

A Rossetti Family Chronology Alison Chapman and Joanna Meacock

© Alison Chapman & Joanna Meacock, 2007 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identiﬁed as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN-13: 978–1–4039–1219–0 ISBN-10: 1–4039–1219–X

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This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Chapman, Alison, 1970– A Rossetti family chronology / Alison Chapman and Joanna Meacock. p. cm. – (Author chronologies series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1–4039–1219–X (cloth) 1. Rossetti, Christina Georgina, 1830–1894–Chronology. 2. Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 1828–1882–Chronology. 3. Rossetti, Maria Francesca, 1827–1876–Chronology. 4. Rossetti, William Michael, 1829–1919–Chronology. 5. Rossetti, Gabriele, 1783–1854–Chronology. 6. Poets, English–19th century– Chronology. 7. Authors, English–19th century–Chronology. 8. Rossetti family– Chronology. 9. London (England)–Intellectual life–19th century. I. Meacock, Joanna, 1975– II. Title. PR5238.C475 2007 821.8–dc22 [B] 2006049403 10 16

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Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham and Eastbourne

Contents General Editor’s Preface

vii

Editorial Preface

ix

Acknowledgements

xiii

List of Abbreviations

xiv

Bibliography

xvi

Family Tree

xxvii

A Rossetti Family Chronology (1783–1919) Index

1 445

v

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General Editor’s Preface Most biographies are ill adapted to serve as works of reference – not surprisingly so, since the biographer is likely to regard his function as the devising of a continuous and readable narrative, with excursions into interpretation and speculation, rather than a bald recital of facts. There are times, however, when anyone reading for business or pleasure needs to check a point quickly or to obtain a rapid overview of part of an author’s life or career; and at such moments turning over the pages of a biography can be a time-consuming and frustrating occupation. The present series of volumes aims at providing a means whereby the chronological facts of an author’s life and career, rather than needing to be prised out of the narrative in which they are (if they appear at all) securely embedded, can be seen at a glance. Moreover whereas biographies are often, and quite understandably, vague over matters of fact (since it makes for tediousness to be forever enumerating details of dates and places), a chronology can be precise whenever it is possible to be precise. Thanks to the survival, sometimes in very large quantities, of letters, diaries, notebooks and other documents, as well as to thoroughly researched biographies and bibliographies, this material now exists in abundance for many major authors. In the case of, for example, Dickens, we can often ascertain what he was doing in each month and week, and almost on each day, of his prodigiously active working life; and the student of, say, David Copperﬁeld is likely to ﬁnd it fascinating as well as useful to know just when Dickens was at work on each part of that novel, what other literary enterprises he was engaged in at the same time, whom he was meeting, what places he was visiting, and what were the relevant circumstances of his personal and professional life. Such a chronology is not, of course, a substitute for a biography; but its arrangement, in combination with its index, makes it a much more convenient tool for this kind of purpose; and it may be acceptable as a form of ‘alternative’ biography, with its own distinctive advantages as well as its obvious limitations. Since information relating to an author’s early years is usually scanty and chronologically imprecise, the opening section of some volumes in this series groups together the years of childhood and adolescence. Thereafter each year, and usually each month, is dealt with separately. vii

viii General Editor’s Preface

Information not readily assignable to a speciﬁc month or day is given as a general note under the relevant year or month. The ﬁrst entry for each month carries an indication of the day of the week, so that when necessary this can be readily calculated for other dates. Each volume also contains a bibliography of the principal sources of information. In the chronology itself, the sources of many of the more speciﬁc items, including quotations, are identiﬁed, in order that the reader who wishes to do so may consult the original contexts. NORMAN PAGE

Editorial Preface The Rossettis were a dynamic and exciting cosmopolitan family, at the forefront of some of the most important artistic, literary and cultural movements in the nineteenth century. This chronology concentrates on the major ﬁgures Dante Gabriel and Christina Rossetti, giving information about literary composition and artistic output, publication and exhibition, reviews, ﬁnances, health, relationships, intellectual and social milieu, and detailing literary and artistic inﬂuences, reading habits and gallery attendance. It also includes a wealth of information about other immediate family members (such as Gabriele, Frances, Maria Francesca and William Michael Rossetti, Elizabeth Siddal and Lucy Madox Brown), as well as family friends (especially the Heimann, Brown and Scott families), the Pre-Raphaelites and other literary and artistic friends, and consumers of the Rossettis’ output (buyers, publishers, reviewers). Such a broad scope evinces the vibrant intellectual and artistic community in which the Rossettis lived and, in particular, the interrelationship of Christina and Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s environment and work. The Rossetti Family Chronology thus offers detailed information about the Rossettis’ network, revising traditional stereotypes of their lives, passed down through contemporary biographies and reminiscences, and challenging the critical tendency to approach their work separately. Contemporary information about the Rossettis, from which we derived most of the material for the chronology, presents in one respect an embarrassment of riches. We have accessed letters, diaries, account books, manuscript poetry, periodical essays, biographies and early critical work as the basis of our research, from both manuscript and published material. Where information comes from a number of different sources and, where these sources are contradictory, we give full information in the references. This is particularly important with the Rossetti circle because it has attracted a perhaps unprecedented amount of mythologising, rumour and speculation. Often there is no factual primary evidence for an incident and we clearly mention where this is the case, leaving it to the reader to interpret events. A key methodological challenge for the Rossetti family chronologer is the issue of the archive. Although we concentrate on primary and contemporary material there are signiﬁcantly different levels of documentation ix

x Editorial Preface

offering insights to the central ﬁgures. The nature of the record represented in this chronology will necessarily reﬂect this intrinsic bias of the surviving material, although we have taken some steps to redress the balance that we outline below. As the last surviving sibling, William was a crucial family record keeper and archive preserver, and his diary frequently details his reorganisation and dissemination of poems, paintings, letters, papers and other memorabilia. We have noted some important examples of this activity in the chronology entries. William was also the major early editor and biographer of Dante Gabriel and Christina, and although his work is critical for biographical and artistic access to his siblings, his biases and prejudices necessarily colour his editing and reminiscences. Furthermore, his habit of selling or giving away manuscripts, autographs, pictures, photographs and other family objects is largely responsible for the scattering of the Rossetti archive across various libraries and private collections, as well as the difﬁculty of knowing what precisely has been lost, and presents an additional difﬁculty to the Rossetti scholar. There are signiﬁcant gaps in the primary Rossetti material that we rely on for our chronology. Dante Gabriel frequently destroyed his own correspondence, worried that it would get into the wrong hands. Important links in his relationship with Elizabeth Siddal are still missing, perhaps lost forever because, according to William, Dante Gabriel burnt the remaining correspondence with Siddal after her death in 1862 (Fredeman 1:xxi). Although William was more systematic in his record keeping and retained many incoming letters, there is evidence that he also destroyed sensitive material and, in later life, family material that he considered of no interest. Further, William’s own letters and narratives often contrast with, and sometimes contradict, the memoirs of such ﬁgures as William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais and William Bell Scott. Few letters survive from or to Maria, and we know that she destroyed a large bundle of private papers before she entered All Saints Sisterhood (Harrison 3:59). Christina seems to have habitually destroyed her incoming correspondence, although her own surviving letters are fairly extensive. Another signiﬁcant gap is the Pre-Raphaelite Diary: not only was it begun in 1849, a year after the formation of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, but Dante Gabriel seems to have ripped out sections that he was reluctant to make public, probably regarding himself and Siddal. WMR estimates losses as amounting to about a ﬁfth of the entries but Fredeman argues that about 30 per cent is missing and even more mutilated (PRBJ xvii–xxi). Nevertheless, despite the incomplete, patchy and sometimes contradictory evidence about the Rossetti family, many additional crucial documents still survive. Most important, for this chronology,

Editorial Preface xi

are: William’s general, travel and séance diaries (running with some gaps from 1866 to 1913), his biographical manuscripts and ﬁnancial records; extensive poetry notebooks and manuscripts by Christina (partialy dated) and her ﬁnancial records for 1874 to 1894; Dante Gabriel’s notebooks, poetry manuscripts and private documents (largely undated); and Frances’s diaries (1816–17, 1881–82, 1883–86) and family letters. Despite Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s increasingly reclusive behaviour in later life, there remains a particular abundance of published and archival source material referencing his social, artistic and literary activity, presenting a distinct challenge to chroniclers such as ourselves. Describing his brother’s involvement with Moxon’s 1857 Tennyson edition, William Michael wrote that ‘He assumed the easy attitude of one born to dominate’ (Layard 51). We were aware of the real danger of allowing Dante Gabriel to overwhelm the chronology, eclipsing his siblings. Wanting the chronology to represent each individual fairly, however, difﬁcult editorial decisions had to be made regarding what Dante Gabriel material to omit. While interesting, details of his social engagements, many musings on literature and art, and correspondence with friends had to be kept to a minimum. Instead, the entries on Dante Gabriel focus on his creativity, critical reception, key friendships and relationships, travel, negotiations with publishers and patrons, and involvement with committees, companies and societies. While the material for Dante Gabriel Rossetti is extensive and wideranging, the available information about his sister Christina Rossetti is often more limited. Antony H. Harrison’s complete edition of her letters (1997–2005) illuminates Christina’s familial and social network, her negotiations with publishers, and her literary, religious and political concerns, especially during periods of illness or nursing duties when her contact with others was often only made through letters. The correspondence, however, is not as voluminous, gossipy and revealing as Dante Gabriel’s, often displaying her reserve and her commitment to the domestic diurnal experience which critics such as Mary Arseneau argue are crucial to her sense of community and theology. While there also exists a range of other contemporary sources on Christina, especially William Michael’s largely unpublished diary, they are simply not as extensive as the material on Dante Gabriel. While entries for Christina are sometimes of a more domestic character than Dante Gabriel’s, we have tried to provide as much available material as possible about Christina’s life and work, focusing on her sense of her vocation, her literary activities, important friendships and inﬂuences, her relationship with her mother and sister, and the inﬂuence and interference of her brothers

xii Editorial Preface

in her career. Often we provide information about her life and network that has not previously appeared in biographies or critical studies, in particular her extensive contacts with and opinions about other women writers and artists, her ﬁnances, and as complete a range as possible of periodical publications and reviews of her work. Furthermore, to counter the bias against Christina in the available primary material, especially that ﬁltered down through William Michael, we have introduced important information about spheres of activity that William would have known little about. In particular, we include entries from contemporary accounts that touch on Christina’s domestic and religious circles, and that also ﬂesh out the lives and activities of Maria and Frances. Every effort has been made to give William Michael and Maria Francesca their full place alongside their more canonical siblings. The chronology gives a full sense of their importance in the lives of the Rossetti family, while also including entries on their own vocations and interests. In particular, William Michael’s involvement in both Christina and Dante Gabriel’s affairs, both before and after their deaths, is detailed, alongside the extraordinary range of his other activities, including his periodical reviewing, editing, travel, and his extensive social and intellectual circles. While material on Maria Francesca is scarce, we detail as much information as possible on her teaching and writing, her religious, domestic and social life, and her importance to her siblings, often through unpublished primary sources. Our editorial practice is to denote uncertain dates with a question mark (?), to give possible alternative datings with slashes (e.g. 9/16) or to mark them circa (c.). We give limited interpretative information, and as much as possible try to let events and sources speak for themselves. Composition dates for Christina Rossetti’s poems are accessed largely through R. W. Crump’s magisterial variorum edition (1979–92), which gives the dates from Christina’s poetry manuscripts and notebooks, or based on the comments of William Michael Rossetti; references indicate which source we use. Precise dating of Dante Gabriel’s poetic compositions is less straightforward. We have largely followed William Michael’s datings in his authoritative Works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1911), excepting instances of contradiction or speciﬁcation in personal letters, notebooks and diaries. Pictorial dating comes from Surtees’s 1971 catalogue raisonné and Fredeman’s Rossetti Cabinet (1991). The headnotes to each year provide key information about the Rossetti family’s activities, summarising important artistic and literary output. These headnotes also give details of biography, ﬁnances and reviews; when a speciﬁc date is known, however, the information is provided in a separate entry.

Acknowledgements A Rossetti Family Chronology is supported by a British Academy personal research grant, for which we are very grateful. We wish to acknowledge our debt to the scholarship of R. W. Crump, William Fredeman, Roger W. Peattie and Virginia Surtees, whose magniﬁcent work in cataloguing and editing the Rossettis over the years has made our book possible. In our research we have been fortunate in the support, advice and generosity of many colleagues, friends and libraries. In particular, we wish to thank warmly Jan Marsh, who generously gifted us her rich and voluminous Rossetti research notes, as well as Jane Cowan and Antony H. Harrison, who kindly allowed us a preview of forthcoming volumes of their editions of the correspondence of Dante Gabriel and Christina Rossetti respectively. We are also thankful to the following libraries: Special Collections, University of British Columbia; Centre for Whistler Studies, University of Glasgow; Special Collections, Princeton University Library; and the British Library Manuscript Division. The following friends and colleagues provided research support, advice, information and encouragement, and made our research a truly Rossettian collaborative achievement: Richard Cronin, Alex Dick, Liz Hancock, Margaret Macdonald, Garry and Barb Miles, Adam Robertson and Nigel Thorp. We are especially grateful to the anonymous reader for important advice and generous guidance at a late stage of the book’s preparation, as well as to Paula Kennedy, our commissioning editor, for her patience and support throughout. Finally, but above all, we wish to gratefully acknowledge Robert Miles, who provided both sympathy and good dinners at crucial stages, and Ian Meacock, who was hugely encouraging, and stepped in when called upon as a willing research assistant.

xiii

List of Abbreviations Names AB ABG ABH ACS AG AM AMH AT BLS BRP CAH CBC CFM CG CGR CMB CP DG DGR EBB EBJ EES EH EMB EP FGS FJS FMB FMLR GBJ GCT GFW GGH GP

Alice Boyd Anne Burrows Gilchrist Amelia Barnard Heimann Algernon Charles Swinburne Alexander Gilchrist Alexander Macmillan Anna Mary Howitt (later Watts) Alexander (‘Aleck’) Tupper Barbara Leigh Smith (later Bodichon) Bessie Raynor Parkes Charles Augustus Howell Charles Bagot Cayley Charles Fairfax Murray Caroline Gemmer Christina Georgina Rossetti Catherine Maddox Brown Charlotte Lydia Polidori Dora Greenwell Dante Gabriel Rossetti Elizabeth Barrett Browning Edward Burne-Jones Elizabeth Eleanor (‘Lizzie’) Siddal (later Rossetti) Ellen Heaton Emma Matilda Brown Eliza Harriet Polidori Frederick George Stephens Frederic James Shields Ford Madox Brown Frances Maria Lavinia Rossetti (née Polidori) Georgiana Burne-Jones Georgiana Cowper-Temple, Lady Mount-Temple (née Tollemarche) George Frederic Watts George Gordon Hake Gaetano Polidori xiv

List of Abbreviations xv

GPB GR GT HFP HP HTD JAH JEM JLT JM JPS JWM KH KT LMB LNS MFR MMP MS OMB PBM RB RMM TGH THC TPR TS TWD VCP WA WBS WCT WFCT WHH WJS WM WMR

George Price Boyce Gabriele Pasquale Giuseppe Rossetti George Tupper Henry Francis Polydore Henrietta Polydore (HFP’s daughter) Henry Treffry Dunn John Aldam Heaton John Everett Millais John Lucas (‘Jack’) Tupper Jane Morris (née Burden) John Pollard Seddon John Westland Marston Frances Catherine (‘Kate’ / ‘Kitty’) Howell Katharine Tynan Lucy Madox Brown (later Rossetti) Letitia Norquay Scott Maria Francesca Rossetti Maria Margaret Polidori Marie Spartali (later Stillman) Oliver Madox (‘Nolly’) Brown Philip Bourke Marston Robert Browning Richard Monckton Milnes, Baron Houghton Thomas Gordon Hake Thomas Henry Hall Caine Teodorico Pietrocola-Rossetti Thomas Seddon Walter Theodore Watts-Dunton Valentine Cameron Prinsep William Allingham William Bell Scott William Cave Thomas William Francis Cowper-Temple, 1st Baron Mount-Temple William Holman Hunt William J. Stillman William Morris William Michael Rossetti

Bibliography Works by CGR CS FD GM LS P PP SF SL SS TF

Called to be Saints: The Minor Festivals Devotionally Studied (London: SPCK, 1881). Face of the Deep: A Devotional Commentary on the Apocalypse (London: SPCK; New York: Young, 1892). Goblin Market and Other Poems (London: Macmillan, 1862). Letter and Spirit: Notes on the Commandments (London: SPCK, 1883). A Pageant and Other Poems (London: Macmillan, 1881). The Prince’s Progress and Other Poems (London: Macmillan, 1866). Seek and Find: A Double Series of Short Studies on the Benedicite (London: SPCK, 1879). Speaking Likenesses (London: Macmillan, 1874). Sing-Song: A Nursery Rhyme Book (London: Routledge, 1872). Time Flies: A Reading Diary (London: SPCK, 1885).

Works by DGR B&S EIP HL

Ballads and Sonnets (London: Ellis, 1881). The Early Italian Poets (London: Smith & Elder, 1861). The House of Life sonnet sequence.

Other Sources Abbott ACF

ADC Adrian

Claude Colleer Abbott (ed.), Further Letters of Gerard Manley Hopkins (London: Oxford University Press, 1938). Alicia Craig Faxon, ‘Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Photography: Some Newly Discovered Correspondence’, Apollo, vol. 140 (1994), pp. 23–7. Helen Rossetti Angeli – Imogene Dennis Collection, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Arthur A. Adrian, ‘The Browning–Rossetti Friendship: Some Unpublished Letters’, Publications of the Modern Language Association, vol. 73 (1958), pp. 538–44. xvi

Bibliography xvii

AG Allen AN

Angeli AR Arseneau

Ashley AW Baum BD

Bell Bendiner Bornand Boyce Brown Bryson BS

Burrows

Herbert H. Gilchrist (ed.), Anne Gilchrist: Her Life and Writings (London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1887). Vivien Allen, Hall Caine: Portrait of a Victorian Romancer (Shefﬁeld: Shefﬁeld Academic Press, 1997). Roger W. Peattie, ‘William Michael Rossetti’s Art Notices in the Periodicals, 1850–1878: An Annotated Checklist’, Victorian Periodicals Newsletter, vol. 8 (1975), pp. 79–92. Helen Rossetti Angeli, Dante Gabriel Rossetti: His Friends and Enemies (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1949). Helen Allingham and Dollie Radford (eds), William Allingham: A Diary (London: Macmillan, 1907). Mary Arseneau, Recovering Christina Rossetti: Female Community and Incarnational Poetics (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004). Ashley Collection, British Library, London. Helen Allingham and E. Baumer Williams (eds), Letters to William Allingham (London: Longmans, 1911). Paull Franklin Baum (ed.), Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s Letters to Fanny Cornforth (Baltimore: John Hopkins Press, 1940). Paull Franklin Baum (ed.), Dante Gabriel Rossetti: The Blessed Damozel: The Unpublished Manuscript Texts and Collation (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1937). [Henry Thomas] Mackenzie Bell, Christina Rossetti (London: Hurst & Blackett, 1898). Kenneth Bendiner, The Art of Ford Madox Brown (Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998). Odette Bornand, The Diary of W. M. Rossetti, 1870–1873 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1977). Virginia Surtees (ed.), The Diaries of George Price Boyce (Norwich: Real World, 1980). Virginia Surtees, The Diary of Ford Madox Brown (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1981). John Bryson, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Jane Morris: Their Correspondence (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976). William Fredeman, Pre-Raphaelitism: A Bibliocritical Study (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1965). Henry W. Burrows, The Half-Century of Christ Church, Albany Street, St. Pancras (London: Skefﬁngton & Son, 1887).

xviii Bibliography

Burton BYU Caine Carr Champneys Cherry Colvin CRPS Crump

CW

CWDGR

DAW Denman

Dixon

DNB Dorling Duke

DUL

Hester Burton, Barbara Bodichon (London: John Murray, 1949). Brigham Young University Library. Thomas Hall Caine, Recollections of Dante Gabriel Rossetti (London: Stock, 1882). Joseph Comyns Carr, Coasting Bohemia (London: Macmillan, 1914). Basil Champneys, Memoirs and Correspondence of Coventry Patmore, 2 vols (London: George Bell, 1900). Deborah Cherry, ‘The Hogarth Club: 1858–1861’, Burlington Magazine, vol. 122 (1980), pp. 237–44. Sydney Colvin, Memories and Notes of Persons and Places 1852–1912 (London: Edward Arnold, 1921). Jan Marsh, ‘Notes on Christina Rossetti and the Portfolio Society’, unpublished essay, Girton College, Cambridge. R. W. Crump, The Complete Poems of Christina Rossetti, 3 vols (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1979–92). Edward Tyas Cook and Alexander Wedderburn (eds), The Works of John Ruskin, 39 vols (London: George Allen, 1903–12). William Michael Rossetti, The Collected Works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, 2 vols (London: Ellis & Scrutton, 1886). William Michael Rossetti, Dante Gabriel Rossetti as Designer and Writer (London: Cassell, 1889). Kamilla Denman and Sarah Smith, ‘Christina Rossetti’s Copy of C. B. Cayley’s Divine Comedy’, Victorian Poetry (1994), pp. 315–38. A. J. Sambrook, ‘Notes et Documents: D. G. Rossetti and R. W. Dixon’, Études Anglaises, vol. 14 (October–December 1961), pp. 331–8. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, online (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004-5), www.oxforddnb.com. William Dorling, Memoirs of Dora Greenwell (London: Clarke, 1885). Paull Franklin Baum (ed.), Dante Gabriel Rossetti: An Analytical List of Manuscripts in the Duke University Library with Hitherto Unpublished Verse and Prose (Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1931). Durham University Library.

Bibliography xix

Dunn

Henry Treffry Dunn, Recollections of Dante Gabriel Rossetti and His Circle (Cheyne Walk Life), ed. Rosalie Mander (Westerham: Dalrymple Press, 1984). DW Oswald Doughty and John Robert Wahl (eds), The Letters of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, 4 vols (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965). Edwards M. B. Betham-Edwards, Friendly Faces of Three Nationalities (Freeport, New York: Books for Libraries, 1969). Elliott David B. Elliot, Charles Fairfax Murray: The Unknown Pre-Raphaelite (Lewes: Book Guild, 2000). Ellis Stewart Marsh Ellis, A Mid-Victorian Pepys: The Letters and Memoirs of Sir William Hardman (London: Cecil Palmer, 1923). Faxon Alicia Craig Faxon, Dante Gabriel Rossetti (London: Phaidon, 1994). Fennel Francis L. Fennel (ed.), The Rossetti–Leyland Letters: The Correspondence of an Artist and His Patron (Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1978). FLCGR William Michael Rossetti (ed.), The Family Letters of Christina Georgina Rossetti (London: Brown, Langham, 1908). FLDGR William Michael Rossetti (ed.), Dante Gabriel Rossetti: His Family Letters with a Memoir, vol. 2 (London: Ellis & Elvey, 1895). FLM William Michael Rossetti (ed.), Dante Gabriel Rossetti: His Family Letters with a Memoir, vol. 1 (London: Ellis & Elvey, 1895). Ford Colin Ford, ‘A Pre-Raphaelite Partnership: Dante Gabriel Rossetti and John Robert Parsons’, Burlington Magazine, vol. 146 (2004), pp. 308–18. FRC William Evan Fredeman, A Rossetti Cabinet: A Portfolio of Drawings by Dante Gabriel Rossetti Hitherto Unpublished, Unrecorded, or Undocumented including Paintings, Original Early Drawings, Portraits and Caricatures, Designs and Juvenilia (Stroud: Ian Hodgkins, 1991), catalogue numbers. Fredeman William Evan Fredeman (ed.), The Correspondence of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, 9 vols (London: D. S. Brewer, 2002–4). FredemanMS ‘The Correspondence of Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1872–82)’, ed. Betty C. Fredeman, Roger C. Lewis, Jane Cowan, Roger W. Peattie, Allan Life and Page Life, incomplete, unpublished.

xx Bibliography

Frend FSE

GBJ Ghose

Girton Gosse Green Grieve

Groot

Guildhall GUL GUW

Hake Harrison Hewison Hirsch Howell

Grace Gilchrist Frend, ‘Christina Rossetti’, Good Words (December 1896), pp. 822–36. Oswald Doughty (ed.), The Letters of Dante Gabriel Rossetti to His Publisher F. S. Ellis (London: Scholartis Press, 1928). Georgiana Burne-Jones, Memorials of Edward Burne-Jones, 2 vols (London: Macmillan, 1904). S. N. Ghose, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Contemporary Criticism (1849–1882) (Dijon: Impimerie Darantiere, 1929). Bessie Raynor Parkes Papers, Girton College, Cambridge. Edmund Gosse, Critical Kit-Kats (London: Heineman, 1896). Roger Lancelyn Green (ed.), The Diaries of Lewis Carroll, 2 vols (London: Cassell, 1953). Alastair I. Grieve, The Art of Dante Gabriel Rossetti: The Pre-Raphaelite Period 1848–50 (Hingham, Norfolk: Real World, 1973). H. B. de Groot, ‘Christina Rossetti’s “A Nightmare”: A Fragment Reconsidered’, Review of English Studies, ns vol. 24 (1973), pp. 48–52. Guildhall Library, London. Whistler Archive, Glasgow University Library. The Correspondence of James McNeill Whistler, on-line edition, ed. Margaret F. MacDonald, Patricia de Montfort and Nigel Thorp, including The Correspondence of Anna McNeill Whistler, 1855–1880, ed. Georgia Toutziari (Glasgow: Centre for Whistler Studies, University of Glasgow, 2004), www.whistler.gla.ac.uk. Thomas Gordon Hake, Memoirs of Eighty Years (London: Bentley, 1892). Antony H. Harrison, The Letters of Christina Rossetti, 4 vols (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1997–2005). Robert Hewison, Ruskin, Turner and the Pre-Raphaelites (London: Tate, 2000). Pam Hirsch, Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon 1827–1891: Feminist, Artist and Rebel (London: Chatto & Windus, 1998). C. L. Cline (ed.), The Owl and the Rossettis: Letters of Charles A. Howell and Dante Gabriel, Christina and William Michael Rossetti (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1978).

Bibliography xxi

Hudson

Hueffer

Hughes JLC JSC Kelvin

Kohl Kooistra Lang Layard

Lehmann

Leighton Lethaby Lewis

LMP

LPI

Derek Hudson, Munby: Man of Two Worlds: The Life and Diaries of Arthur J. Munby 1828–1910 (London: John Murray, 1972). Ford Madox Hueffer, Ford Madox Brown: A Record of his Life and Work (London, New York and Bombay: Longmans & Green, 1896). Leonard Roberts, Arthur Hughes: His Life and Works (Woodbridge: Antique Collectors’ Club, 1997). James Leathart Collection, University of British Columbia Library, Vancouver. James Smetham Collection, National Art Library, Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Norman Kelvin (ed.), Collected Letters of William Morris, 4 vols (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1984–96). James A. Kohl, ‘A Medical Comment on Christina Rossetti’, Notes and Queries, vol. 213 (1968), pp. 423–4. Lorraine Janzen Kooistra, Christina Rossetti and Illustration: A Publishing History (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2002). Cecil Y. Lang (ed.), The Swinburne Letters, 6 vols (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1959). George Somes Layard, Tennyson and his Pre-Raphaelite Illustrators: A Book about a Book (London: Elliot Stock, 1894). Rudolph Chambers Lehmann (ed.), Memories of Half a Century: A Record of Friendships (London: Smith & Elder, 1908). Emilie Barrington, The Life, Letters and Work of Frederic Baron Leighton, 2 vols (London: George Allen, 1906). William Richard Lethaby, Philip Webb and His Work (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1935). Scott Lewis (ed.), The Letters of Elizabeth Barrett Browning to Her Sister Arabella, 2 vols (Waco, Texas: Wedgestone Press, 2002). Lona Mosk Packer (ed.), ‘Some Unpublished Letters from Maria Francesca to Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, Publications of the Modern Language Association (1964), pp. 615–17. William Evan Fredeman, ‘The Letters of Pictor Ignotus: William Bell Scott’s Correspondence with Alice Boyd 1859–1884’, Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, University of Manchester, vol. 58 (1976), pp. 66–111.

xxii Bibliography

Mackail Macmillan Marillier

Marsh MarshCGR MarshDGR Maurier

McAleer

Meredith Merrill Millais Mills Minto

Morowitz

Mumm

NAL NUL PAC

John William Mackail, The Life of William Morris, 2 vols (London: Longmans, 1899). George A. Macmillan (ed.), Letters of Alexander Macmillan (London: Robert Maclehose, 1908). Henry Currie Marillier, Dante Gabriel Rossetti: An Illustrated Memorial of his Art and Life (London: George Bell, 1899). Jan Marsh, Christina Rossetti: A Literary Biography (London: Jonathan Cape 1994). Jan Marsh, Christina Rossetti: Poems and Prose (London: Dent, 1994). Jan Marsh, Dante Gabriel Rossetti: Painter and Poet (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1999). Daphne Du Maurier (ed.), The Young George Du Maurier: A Selection of His Letters, 1860–67 (London: Peter Davies, 1951). Edward C. McAleer (ed.), Dearest Isa: Robert Browning’s Letters to Isabella Blagden (Austen, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1952). C. L. Cline (ed.), The Letters of George Meredith, 3 vols (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970). Linda Merrill, The Peacock Room: A Cultural Biography (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1998). John Guille Millais, Life and Letters of John Everett Millais, 2 vols (London: Methuen, 1899). Ernestine Mills (ed.), The Life and Letters of Frederic Shields 1833–1911 (London: Longmans & Green, 1912). William Minto (ed.), The Autobiographical Notes of the Life of William Bell Scott, 2 vols (London: James R. Osgood & McIlvaine, 1902). Laura Morowitz and William Vaughan (eds), Artistic Brotherhoods in the Nineteenth Century (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2000). Susan Mumm, All Saints Sisters of the Poor: An Anglican Sisterhood in the Nineteenth Century (Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell, 2004). National Art Library, Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Trevelyan Papers, Newcastle University Library. Valentine Cameron Prinsep, ‘The Private Art Collections of London: The Late Mr. Frederick Leyland’s in Prince’s

Bibliography xxiii

Packer Parris Parry PC Peattie

Pennell

PML PRBJ

PRD PRG

Prinsep

Proctor PRT PRWA Purves

Gate. First Paper: Rossetti and His Friend’, Art Journal, vol. 55 (May 1892), pp. 129–34. Lona Mosk Packer, Christina Rossetti (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1963). Leslie Parris (ed.), The Pre-Raphaelites (London: Tate Gallery, 1996). Linda Parry (ed.), William Morris (London: Victoria & Albert Museum, 1996). Penkill Collection, Special Collections, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Roger W. Peattie (ed.), Selected Letters of William Michael Rossetti (University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1990). Joseph and Elisabeth Robins Pennell, The Life of James McNeill Whistler, 2 vols (London: William Heinemann, 1908). Pierpont Morgan Library, New York. William Evan Fredeman (ed.), The PRB Journal: William Michael Rossetti’s Diary of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood 1849–1853 Together with Other Pre-Raphaelite Documents (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975). William Michael Rossetti, Pre-Raphaelite Diaries and Letters (London: Hurst & Blackett, 1900). William Evan Fredeman, ‘A Pre-Raphaelite Gazette: The Penkill Letters of Arthur Hughes to William Bell Scott and Alice Boyd 1886–1897’, Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, University of Manchester, vol. 49 (1967), pp. 323–62; vol. 50 (1968), pp. 34–82. Valentine Cameron Prinsep, ‘A Chapter from a Painter’s Reminiscence: The Oxford Circle: Rossetti, Burne-Jones and William Morris’, Magazine of Art, ns vol. 2 (1904), pp. 167–72. Ellen A. Proctor, A Brief Memoir of Christina G. Rossetti (London: SPCK, 1985). Helen Rossetti Angeli, Pre-Raphaelite Twilight: The Story of Charles Augustus Howell (London: Richards Press, 1954). Jan Marsh and Pamela Gerrish Nunn, Pre-Raphaelite Women Artists (Manchester: Manchester City Art Galleries, 1997). John Purves, ‘Dante Rossetti and His Godfather, Charles Lyell of Kinnordy’, University of Edinburgh Journal, vol. 4 (1931), pp. 110–18.

xxiv Bibliography

PWC PWCGR RG RHC RML RP RRP S

Sala Salmon Sambrook Sandys Sewter

Skelton Smetham SPCR SR Stephen Suriano Surtees

Pennell-Whistler Collection, Library of Congress, Washington. William Michael Rossetti (ed.), The Poetical Works of Christina Rossetti (London: Macmillan, 1904). Rebecca W. Crump, Christina Rossetti: A Reference Guide (Boston, Massachusetts: G. K. Hall, 1976). Rossetti-Heimann Collection, Princeton University. Lona Mosk Packer (ed.), The Rossetti–Macmillan Letters (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1963). William Michael Rossetti, Rossetti Papers: 1862 to 1870 (London: Sands, 1903). William Michael Rossetti, Ruskin, Rossetti, Pre-Raphaelitism: Papers 1854 to 1862 (London: George Allen, 1899). Virginia Surtees, The Paintings and Drawings of Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828–1882): A Catalogue Raisonné (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971), catalogue numbers. George Augustus Sala, The Life and Adventures of George Augustus Sala, 2 vols (London: Cassell, 1895). Nicholas Salmon, The William Morris Chronology (Bristol: Thoemmes Press, 1996). James Sambrook, A Poet Hidden: The Life of Richard Watson Dixon 1833–1900 (London: The Athlone Press, 1962). Betty Elzea, Frederick Sandys 1829–1904: A Catalogue Raisonné (Woodbridge: Antique Collectors’ Club, 2001). Albert Charles Sewter, The Stained Glass of William Morris and His Circle: A Catalogue, vol. 2 (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1975). John Skelton, The Table-Talk of Shirley: Reminiscences and Letters (London: Blackwood, 1894). S. Smetham and W. Davies (eds), Letters of James Smetham (London, 1891). David A. Kent and Paul G. Stanwood (eds), Selected Prose of Christina Rossetti (New York: St Martin’s Press, 1998). William Michael Rossetti, Some Reminiscences, 2 vols (London: Brown Langham, 1906). Barbara Stephen, Emily Davies and Girton College (London: Constable, 1927). Gregory R. Suriano, The Pre-Raphaelite Illustrators (London: British Library Press, 2000). Virginia Surtees, The Paintings and Drawings of Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828–1882): A Catalogue Raisonné (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971).

Bibliography xxv

TC

Thirlwell Thomas Tobin

TWD Tynan VH VP

Waller Watts WDGR Weintraub WHH

WJ WJS

Janet Camp Troxell Collection of Rossetti Manuscripts, Manuscript Division, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library. Angela Thirlwell, William and Lucy: The Other Rossettis (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2003). Frances Thomas, Christina Rossetti: A Biography (London: Virago, 1994). Thomas J. Tobin, Pre-Raphaelitism in the NineteenthCentury Press: A Bibliography (Victoria, British Columbia: University of Victoria, 2002). Theodore Watts Dunton, ‘Reminiscences of Christina Rossetti’, Nineteenth Century (February 1895), pp. 355–66. Katherine Tynan, ‘Santa Christina’, Bookman (London) (January 1912), pp. 185–92. Violet Hunt, The Wife of Rossetti: Her Life and Death (London: John Lane, 1932). William Evan Fredeman (ed.), Victorian Poetry: An Issue Devoted to the Works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, vol. 20, nos 3–4 (1982): William E. Fredeman, ‘A Rossetti Gallery: Twenty Unpublished Drawings’, pp. 161–86; David Riede, ‘A “Juvenile Affair”: D. G. Rossetti’s “Sacred to the Memory of Algernon R. G. Stanhope”’, pp. 187–98; Roger C. Lewis, ‘The Making of Rossetti’s Ballads and Sonnets and Poems (1881)’, pp. 199–215; William Evan Fredeman, ‘A Shadow of Dante: Rossetti in the Final Years (Extracts from W. M. Rossetti’s Unpublished Diaries, 1876–1882)’, pp. 217–45. Ross Douglas Waller, The Rossetti Family 1824–1854 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1932). Mary S. Watts, George Frederick Watts, 3 vols (London: Macmillan, 1912). William Michael Rossetti (ed.), The Works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti (London: Ellis, 1911). Stanley Weintraub, Four Rossettis: A Victorian Biography (New York: Weybright & Talley, 1978). William Holman Hunt, Pre-Raphaelitism and the PreRaphaelite Brotherhood, 2 vols (London: Macmillan, 1905). Joseph and Elisabeth Robins Pennell, The Whistler Journal (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1921). William J. Stillman, The Autobiography of a Journalist, 2 vols (London: Grant Richards, 1901).

xxvi Bibliography

Wordsworth E. Wordsworth, Henry William Burrows: Memorials (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner, 1894). YMSM Andrew McLaren Young, Margaret MacDonald, Robin Spencer and Hamish Miles, The Paintings of James McNeill Whistler, 2 vols (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1980), catalogue numbers.

Family Tree Gaetano Polidori (1764– 1853)

Maria Margaret Polidori (1794– 1867)

John Philip Henry William Robert Francis Polidori Polidori Polydore (1795– (d. 1864) (d. 1885) 1821)

m.

m.

Anna Maria Pierce (1769– 1853)

Henrietta Polydore

Nicola m. Rossetti (1740–1800)

Charlotte Eliza Frances Polidori Harriet Mary (1802–90). Polidori Lavinia (1810–93) Polidori (1800–86)

Maria Francesca Pietrocola

Elisabeth m Bromley (1840) (1819–46) m. (1826)

Gabriel Pasquale Giuseppe Rossetti (1783– 1854)

Ford m Madox (1853) Brown (1821–93)

Emma Hill (1829–90)

Henrietta Polydore (d. 1874) Maria Francesca Rossetti (1827–76)

Gabriel m. Charles (1860) Dante Rossetti (1828–82)

Elizabeth Christina William m. (Emma) Eleanor Georgiana Michael (1874) Lucy Siddal Rossetti Rossetti Madox (1829–62) (1830–94) (1829– Brown 1919) (1843–94) Catherine Madox Brown (1850– 1927)

Olivia (Gabriel) Madox Arthur Rossetti Madox Agresti Rossetti (1875– (1877– 1960) 1932)

m. (1872)

Mary Michael Helen Ford Oliver Maria Elizabeth Ford Madox Madox Madox Madox Madox (Hueffer Hueffer Rossetti Rossetti Rossetti Ford (1877– Angeli (1881– (1881–83) (1873– 1931) (1879– 1947) 1939) 1969)

Franz Oliver Hüffer Madox (1845–89) Brown (1855–74)

Juliet Madox Hueffer Soskice (1880– 1943)

Arthur Gabriel Madox Brown (1856–57)

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A Rossetti Family Chronology (1783–1919)

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1783–1812 3

1783 February 28 (Fri) Birth of GR in Vasto, Abruzzi, Naples (PWCGR xlv).

1793 February Marriage of GP and Anna Maria Pierce, an English governess (Waller 33).

1800 April Birth of FMLR to Anna Maria and GP (Marsh 15).

1804 GR moves to Naples, as Secretary to the Marquis of Vasto, librettist to Operatic Theatre of San Carlo and custodian of Ancient Bronzes in Naples Museum. He attends University of Naples for 13 months, until the arrival of Napoleon leads Ferdinand and the Marquis to ﬂee. GR begins writing libretti and lyric poetry, and is much admired in Naples as an improvisatore (ADC 6:18; PWCGR xlv; Waller 5).

1807 GR Publication of early poems in a volume, some later reprinted in Versi (1847) (Waller 5).

1809 GR becomes a Freemason (Waller 10).

1812 GR becomes a member of the secret revolutionary society, the Carbonaro (Waller 10).

4 A Rossetti Family Chronology

1814 GR’s newborn son dies, having survived for only six hours: it is unclear whether GR is married to the child’s mother, Peppina (Waller 19).

1815 GR addresses verses to King Ferdinand I, to mark his restoration (Waller 10).

1816 FMLR takes her ﬁrst governess post at Leatherhead (Marsh 16). FMLR’s brother, John Polidori, becomes Byron’s travelling physician (PWCGR xlvi).

1818 GR fails as a candidate for Chair of Eloquence at University of Naples; he holds Ferdinand I directly responsible (Waller 10)

1819 John Polidori writes Vampyre. June GP moves to Holmer Green, near Little Missenden, Buckinghamshire (TC 13:14). 29 (Tue) FMLR composes the poem ‘I lately heard a dying Belle’ (TC 13:14). 30 FMLR composes the poem ‘Holmer Green demands my song’ (TC 13:14). September 28 (Tue) FMLR composes the poem ‘Grant me, Lord, the prayer I make’ (TC 13:14).

1820 GR supports the uprising for a Constitution for the Kingdom of Naples. He becomes secretary of the Carbonari’s Neopolitan section, which takes up arms to ﬁght for the constitutionalists. He comes to fame for his popular patriotic odes (PWCGR xlv; Marsh 20; Waller 10).

1820–1824 5

July 9

(Sun) Start of GR’s career as a patriotic poet; he writes Sei pur bella to celebrate Ferdinand’s granting of a constitution and reopening of Parliament in Naples (Waller 11).

1821 August 24

(Fri) Burdened by gambling debts, John Polidori commits suicide (PWCGR xlvi).

March The political situation in Italy becomes dangerous for the Carbonarists with Ferdinand’s defeat of the constitutionalists. GR goes into hiding (Waller 15–16). April 10

August 12

October 3

(Tue) Ferdinand decrees GR’s exile; GR ﬂees to Malta on a British ship, assisted by Lady Moore, wife of a British Admiral. Peppina follows (Waller 16, 19).

(Sun) GR in Malta is urged to give a public demonstration of his poetic improvisation. John Hookham Frere is present; this marks the beginning of their friendship (Waller 18).

(Wed) FMLR writes the poem, ‘Could beauty have sav’d, thou hadst not been here’ (TC 13:14).

1823 Peppina is seriously ill. Nothing further is known of her. Presumably she dies, leaving GR free to travel to England (Waller 19–20).

1824 January At the encouragement of Frere, GR leaves Malta for London. He claims on the journey to have a prophetic vision of Dante, which seems to mark the start of his interest in Dante studies (Waller 20).

6 A Rossetti Family Chronology

April 7

(Wed) GR arrives in London. Frere’s letters of introduction secure him interviews with notable men, including Frere’s brother Lord Holland (Waller 27). GR begins to teach Italian privately (SR 2).

1825 GR becomes more established in London and begins his Dante studies in earnest. He befriends GP and meets FMLR, to whom he proposes on 7 December (Waller 32, 36).

1826 GR Publication Inferno: La Divina Commedia: Con commento analitico, 2 vols (1826–27); subscribers include Frere, Isaac Disraeli, Henry Hallam, Francis Palgrave, Walter Scott, GP and FLMR. After reading volume 1, Charles Lyell befriends GR and becomes his patron (Waller 85, 100). Finances GR’s income is between £200 and £280 p/a (SR 2). April 8

(Sat) Marriage of GR (aged 43) and FMLR (aged 25) in a Roman Catholic ceremony, followed by a Church of England ceremony on 10 April. Their home, 38 Charlotte Street, becomes a centre for Italian exiles in London, including members of the Bonaparte family (PWCGR xlv–xlv; Waller 37, ch. 4).

1827 February 17 (Sat) Birth of MFR (ADC 6:18) at 38 Charlotte Street, Portland Place. All the Rossetti children are born here. WMR describes it as ‘dingy, and in my time was mostly unrespectable’ (SR 1). April 15

(Sun) MFR is christened at All Souls Church (ADC 6:18).

1828–1830 7

1828 January Hostile review of GR’s Dante edition in Quarterly Review (pp. 57–60). February GR fails to get elected as Professor of Italian at University College London (Waller 45). May 12 June 8

(Mon) DGR is born (ADC 6:18).

(Sun) At 4 pm DGR is christened at All Souls Church as Gabriel Charles Dante Rossetti. He is given the name Charles in honour of Lyell. GR writes an ‘Impromptu Toast’ to DGR (ADC 6:18; Purves 110, 114).

1829 April GR gives as many as 45 private Italian lessons per week (Purves 115). September 25 (Fri) WMR is born (ADC 6:18). December 27 (Sun) WMR is christened at Trinity Church, Marylebone Road (ADC 6:18).

1830 Throughout the 1830s FMLR and her children attend Trinity Church (SR 126). December 5 (Sun) Birth of CGR (ADC 6:18). Godparents, after whom CGR is named, are Lady Christina Dudley Stuart (Napoleon’s niece) and Georgina Macgregor (one of FMLR’s former charges as governess) (Bell 6–7).

8 A Rossetti Family Chronology

1831 GR Publication Discorso Inaugurale per la Cattedra di Lingua e Letteratura Italiana bel Collegio del Re; Il Corsaro, Scene melodrammatiche con cori, tratte dal Corsaro di Lord Byron (c.1831–33); and Medora e Corrado: Cantata Melodrammatica con cori: Tratta dal Corsaro di Lord Byron (c.1831–33) (Waller 301). March 20

(Sun) CGR is christened at Trinity Church (ADC 6:18).

April GR is discouraged to be giving only eight private lessons a week (Purves 115). June GR is appointed Professor of Italian, King’s College, London; the salary is very small (£10 p/a). With his private tutoring, his annual salary is no more than £300, supplemented by occasional gifts from Frere and Lyell. FMLR borrows money against her parental inheritance of £3000. GR is close friends with Paganini (PWCGR xlvi; Weintraub 2; Waller 52, 31).

1832 FMLR undertakes the earliest education of all her children. MMP, who has by now given up governessing, helps with reading lessons, keeps an apartment in the Rossetti home and is the most present of all the aunts (MarshCGR 18). The Rossetti children are ﬂuent in English and Italian. CGR has a fearful temper (Hudson 298). GR Publication Sullo Spirito Antipapale che produsse la Riforma, paid for by Lyell and supported by Frere and Thomas Keightley (SR 3; Marsh 36; Waller 88). May DGR is seriously ill (Purves 115).

1833 GR Publication Iddio e l’Uomo, Salterio (written mostly in Malta) (Waller 20).

1834–1835 9

1834 DGR Literary composition includes ‘The Slave’ and ‘Aladdin, or The Wonderful Lamp’ (Fredeman 1:3). Pictorial work • Pen, Ink, Watercolour The Castle Spectre (FRC 74), illustrating play by Matthew ‘Monk’ Lewis; Knight with Shield, c.1834–36; Trojan Warrior (FRC 103a–b). • Pencil Rocking-Horse (S.1); Chivalric Scene (FRC 105a). GR Composition a celebratory poem for his daughters in Italian (Bell 7). Publication Disquisitions on the Anti-Papal Spirit which Produced the Reformation, translated from Italian by Caroline Ward (2 vols). December First mention is made of GR’s failing eyesight in a letter to Lyell (Purves 115).

1835 GP retires from London to Holmer Green, where his wife is already living. The house has a large library (Marsh 15). GR often receives Italian expatriates with radical political views (Marsh 25; FLDGR 1:54). DGR Pictorial work includes • Pen, Ink, Watercolour Chivalric Scene (FRC 105b); Iden, Cade, Clifford and Prince Henry (FRC 99a), before October, from Shakespeare’s Henry VI. MFR begins to write poetry; GR calls her ﬁglia poetessa (poet daughter) (Waller 124–5).

April The Neopolitan doctor and friend of GR, Leopold Cursi, visits the family and gives CGR a Virgin and Child locket (Fredeman 1:8).

10 A Rossetti Family Chronology

June 15

(Mon) MFR writes to FMLR at Holmer Green, where FMLR is nursing her sick mother. They have been reading every day from her collection of books. MFR reads L’Ami des Enfants (ADC 13:9).

July The Rossetti family goes to a fair in Regent’s Park where DGR buys a box of paints. He is enthusiastically reading Shakespeare’s Richard III and has bought and gilded a picture of Richard and Richmond ﬁghting (Fredeman 1:8).

1836 At the start of the year the Rossetti family moves to a larger house at 50 Charlotte Street. FMLR devotes herself to the education of her children, who have no separate nursery and are constantly in their parents’ company. The household is bi-lingual and the children mostly speak Italian to GR. There are constant visitors in the 1830s, especially Italian patriots and exiles, and the Rossetti children are exposed to often politically radical conversations (PWCGR xlvii–xlviii; Bell 7–8). Before the move, and for much of the year, FMLR is ill and is taken to Holmer Green to recuperate until around November (Weintraub 4). From January to March CGR and DGR visit FMLR in Holmer Green (Waller 126–7). DGR Pictorial work includes • Watercolour The Castle Spectre (S.2). • Pencil, Pen, Ink Hamlet, Laertes, Prince Ferdinand, Ghost of Hamlet’s Father and Falstaff (FRC 75a–b), following Moritz Retzsch. January DGR borrows an English translation of Lucan’s Pharsalia from GP and Aesop’s Fables from Uncle Robert. He has read History of Gremalkin (Fredeman 1:9). February 8 (Mon) MFR writes to FMLR from Charlotte Street that they have been reading Shakespeare and Beauties of the Modern Dramatists (1829) (ADC 13:9).

1836–1837 11

11

July 4

GR writes to Lyell that DGR ‘is continually reading; this is his ﬁrst passion, his second is for drawing. He knows many passages of Shakespeare by heart, and recites them energetically. He devours a book with more appetite, and perhaps more quickly, than I do’ (Purves 115).

(Mon) GR notes that DGR has begun to study Latin ‘with attention and pleasure’ (Purves 115).

September DGR is sent to the private school of Revd Mr Paul at Foley Street, Portland Place (Fredeman 1:4). In 1880 DGR recalled: ‘Our household was all of Italian, not English environment, and it was only when I went to school later that I began to ransack bookstalls.’ He mentions that the family subscribed to Smallwood’s Magazine, to which GR contributed Italian poetry (FredemanMS). October DGR draws Macbeth and Ghost of Banquo and other Shakespearean subjects (FRC 75c, 105c) inspired by WMR’s ‘old fashioned edition of Shakespeare’.

1837 CGR (c.1837) Filippo Pistrucci paints a watercolour portrait of CGR, the earliest extant (PWCGR lx). GR’s numbers of pupils increase at the end of this year (Purves 115). WMR At the start of the year, WMR enters Paul’s Foley Street day school (SR 23). February 18 (Sat) WMR writes a letter to GR, copied by MFR, against the vice of anger (ADC 26:9). July 9 13

(Sun) MFR composes ‘Epitaph on a Thrush’ (ADC 13:8). Consecration of Christ Church, Albany Street, with William Dodsworth as the vicar, which became the Rossetti family church. It became the leading centre for Anglo-Catholicism,

12 A Rossetti Family Chronology

and Dodsworth invited prominent ﬁgures such as Pusey, Hook and Manning to preach (Wordsworth 136; Burrows 13–14). September DGR enrols as a non-fee-paying pupil at King’s College School because of GR’s position on the staff (Fredeman 1:4). WMR joins him a few months later. FMLR continues to educate MFR and CGR at home. December 7 (Thu) An article appears in The Times (p. 7) concerning the trial of the carpenter Michael Mullins, caught trying to escape to America after stealing money and valuables from the Rossetti household where he was employed to repair bedsteads (ADC 6:18).

1838 (c.1838) Agnes Jervis, the daughter of the Radical MP Swynfen Jervis, becomes a tutor in the Rossetti house (FredemanMS). The new National Gallery opens in Trafalgar Square; FMLR takes her children (Weintraub 5). CGR Composition (c.1838) CGR dictates her earliest composition, ‘the beginning of a tale called perhaps The Dervise, on the model … of The Arabian Nights’ (PWCGR l). DGR Pictorial work includes • Pen, Ink The Saracens Seizing Isaac, the Jew of York, by order of Front de Boeuf (FRC 76), c.1838–39, from Scott’s Ivanhoe. GR In this coronation year, GR has few private pupils. Two schools go bankrupt owing him £50 and £16. Along with the theft, GR loses more than £150 (Purves 115). January 22

April 1

(Mon) MFR copies ‘To a Dying Infant’ from Blackwood’s Magazine into FMLR’s literary diary (ADC 12:18).

(Sun) WMR writes a prayer for King’s College in FMLR’s literary diary (ADC 12:18).

1839–1840 13

1839 Rossetti children read the ballads, ‘John Gilpin’ and ‘Chevy Chase’, as well as Felicia Hemans’s ‘Casabianca’, Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe, Arabian Nights and Pope’s Iliad. CGR ﬁrst reads Keats in William Hone’s Every Day Book (1829), as well as Metastasio, William Carleton’s Traits and Stories of the Irish Peasantry (1830), Maria Edgeworth’s novels, Shakespeare and Scott (Bell 13–14). In the autumn the Polidoris move from Holmer Green to 15 Park East Village, Regent’s Park. The Rossettis see the Polidoris frequently and FMLR visits daily. The Rossetti children continue to use the Polodoris’ library. GP sets up a private printing press in the garden and instructs CGR and MFR in Italian (PWCGR xlviii; SR 5–6, 30–2; Marsh 32). DGR Pictorial work includes • Pen, Ink Scene from Ivanhoe (S.A1); Valancourt (FRC 108d), illustrating The Mysteries of Udolpho. January 16

May 26

(Wed) DGR sends EP drawings of a ship and men on horseback but feels unable to execute a landscape. Carlo Pepoli has given MFR Elements of Drawing and Flower Painting and Domenico Dragonetti has promised them all a ticket to Drury Lane and perhaps Covent Garden (Fredeman 1:10).

(Mon) DGR draws Judah, Roman Soldier and The Miraculous Draught of Fishes (FRC 102a–c), probably suggested by John Martin and Richard Westall’s Illustrations of the Bible (1835–36) owned by the family.

September CGR and GR visit the home of Swynfen Jervis in Richmond (Marsh 575).

1840 (c.1840) FMLR and children attend St Katherine’s Chapel, Regent’s Park (SR 126–7).

14 A Rossetti Family Chronology

CGR Composition includes ‘Retribution’, an oriental prose tale (PWCGR l). DGR Literary composition includes ‘Roderick and Rosalba: A Story of the Round Table’, a prose tale (Duke 3). Pictorial work includes • Pencil, Pen, Ink, Watercolour, Wash Eight designs for the title pages of the Rossetti children’s ﬁrst four proposed novels: Sir Aubrey de Metford: A Romance of the Fourteenth Century, Roderick and Rosalba, Raimond and Matilda and Retribution (S.5); Heir of Linne (S.6) for Rose de Mortara, daughter of the political refugee Cavaliere Mortara; ﬁgures in Eastern costume illustrating Arabian Nights (S.7); Juvenilia, including Bolingbroke, Sir Bertrand, A Turk and A Warrior (S.613); Two Warriors (S.614), early 1840s; The Arabian Nights (FRC 78–81), series of 15 drawings; Queen Budoor (FRC 103c); Chivalric Scenes (FRC 106a–b [c.1840–42], 107a–b [c.1840–42], 108). Also Earl de Warenne (not listed in S or FRC, but WMR sells the drawing to Colles in 1910; see ADC 16:4). GR’s health worsens. By the summer he spits blood, suffers from frequent fevers and diabetic nausea (Marsh 38). Publication Il Mistero dell’Amor Platonico del medio evo derivato dai misteri antichi, 5 vols, paid for by Lyell on condition it is not distributed (Frere wants it burnt). Under the stress of the controversy, GR’s health falters physically and psychologically. He is further sidelined by the arrival in Britain of Mazzini, who becomes the new centre of expatriate Italian politics. Roma verso la Metà del Secolo decimonono; considerazione is also published (SR 3; Marsh 37–8; FLM 1:10). MFR is conﬁrmed into the Anglican Church (c.1840), after which, according to WMR, ‘she made religion her paramount concern’ (PWCGR xlvii). WMR Composition begins ‘Raimond and Matilda’, a chivalric romance (SR 33). February DGR makes 27 illustrations to Homer’s Iliad for MFR and ﬁve sketches of Knight Errantry (S.3). May DGR draws Much, the Miller’s Son (FRC 108a), perhaps illustrating The Miller and his Men or Robin Hood.

1840–1841 15

17

July 12

(Sun) DGR draws Rienzi, the Last of the Tribunes (FRC 77), illustrating Bulwer-Lytton’s novel.

(Sun) DGR draws Adrian Colonna, Baron di Costello (FRC 82).

November DGR draws Gonsalvo of Cordova (FRC 108c), illustrating J. G. Cross’s Conquest of Granada (1802). December DGR designs a set of comic playing cards (S.4) based on political and literary ﬁgures.

1841 DGR abandons studies at King’s College School through ill health (Fredeman 1:4). Literary composition includes ‘Sir Hugh the Heron: A Legendary Tale in Four Parts’ (Fredeman 1:4). Publication (c.1841) ‘William and Marie: A Ballad’, sent with accompanying sketch to the editor of a magazine (probably Smallwood’s Magazine), requesting that it might appear under the initials ‘A.B.’; it did not (Duke 3; Fredeman 1:11–12). Pictorial work includes • Pen, Ink, Watercolour William and Marie (FRC 83), loosely based on Benedetto Pistrucci’s Rape of the Sabines; Susan Hopley (FRC 84), c.1841–42, 24 characters from Catherine Crowe’s novel. MFR Publication blank-verse translation from the Italian, On the Death of Lady Gwendalina Talbot, by G. P. Campana, is privately published by Presso G. Polidori (ADC 13:11). CGR comments to Buxton Forman in 1885 that it is mostly the work of FMLR (Harrison 3:282). June 1

(Tue) MFR composes a poem, ‘Daughter of Jairus’, for Lady Isabella Howard (ADC 13:8).

November DGR makes four drawings from Dickens’s Barnaby Rudge (FRC 85a–b), copied from Phiz’s (Hablot Knight Browne) illustrations.

16 A Rossetti Family Chronology

1842 1842–54: the fortunes of the Rossetti family are at their lowest ebb, with the ill health and partial blindness of GR and the gradual loss of his income. FMLR becomes a teacher to support the family and MFR a governess (ﬁrst a resident governess, then teaching from home) (PWCGR li). GR refuses to support Mazzini and his Young Italy movement, because of his constitutional beliefs, and is increasingly sidelined by the Italian community in London (Marsh 38). CGR Composition includes ‘The Chinaman’, in response to the China War (Crump 3:507; Bell 14–15). DGR begins to learn German at home under the tuition of Dr Adolf Heimann, a professor at University College (WDGR 678; Fredeman 1:5). In the 1840s, Heimann teaches all the Rossetti children; CGR later admits to ABH, ‘I was the lag last of us four’ (Harrison 4:182). Pictorial work includes • Pen, Ink Don Quixote (FRC 87a–b), c.1842–43, inﬂuenced by Tony Johannot. GR Publication the ﬁrst part of La Beatrice di Dante is privately printed. GR continues to work on Mistero dell’Amor Platonico. Lyell gives generous ﬁnancial assistance to the latter but not the former, which he considers too long (Purves 115). MFR Composition includes translation of GR’s Rome Towards the Middle of the XIX Century (ADC 13:7). February DGR draws Turk with Scimitar (FRC 103d). 1 (Tue) DGR sends CP 12 drawings for a bazaar patronised by the Earl of Wicklow, for whom CP is governess. The drawings, mainly copies, include Julian Peveril, The Turk, The Pygmy, The Brigand, Barnaby Rudge, The Butterﬂy, The Harp, The Shamrock and Roderick Dhu from Lady of the Lake (Fredeman 1:12–13). April 27

(Wed) CGR composes ‘To My Mother on Her Birthday’, her ﬁrst known written poem, presented to FMLR with a nosegay (Crump 3:389). Although WMR claims it was pri-

1842 17

vately printed by GP, this printed version has been exposed as one of T. J. Wise’s forgeries (PWCGR l; Marsh 575–6). From this date until 1866, CGR’s poems are copied into notebooks, ﬁrst by MFR and then, after 17 November 1847, by herself, with the date of composition given (Bell 146). June Signor Rovedino becomes MFR’s music teacher (FLDGR 4). 1 (Wed) DGR draws The Cavalier (FRC 86), illustrating Scott’s poem. July DGR is enrolled at Sass’s private drawing academy, run by F. S. Cary, near Bedford Square (Fredeman 1:5). There he meets Walter Howell Deverell (Hueffer 79). DGR arrives at Gerrards Cross, Chalfont St Giles, to stay with HFP, described by WMR as ‘a very strict devout Roman Catholic […] somewhat parsimonious’. They visit John Milton’s house. DGR begins to read Robert Montgomery Bird’s Inﬁdel’s Doom (1839) but abandons it for Horace Walpole’s Castle of Otranto (1764). He soon bores of this and begins Daniel Defoe’s Journal of the Plague Year (1722) (FLDGR 5; Fredeman 1:14–16). September 1 (Thu) DGR writes to FMLR that he does not intend to go to church on Sunday but will make a sketch of it for MFR. Having forgotten his prayer book, he promises to read the Psalms and Lessons on Sunday from HP’s (Fredeman 1:14–16). December 27 (Tue) WMR goes to stay with HFP. He begins Inﬁdel’s Doom (ADC 13:3). 28 DGR visits Dr Charles Locock, obstetrician and gynaecologist to Queen Victoria, who tells him he must rest until after the New Year. DGR writes to WMR that he has bought a number of prints illustrating Scott’s Waverley Novels, including Charles Robert Leslie’s Charles and Lady Bellenden and John Gilbert’s Richard Trampling on the Austrian Flag. He also purchases a print of The Widow, by William Boxall, as well as a number of Shakespearean subjects and 48 wood engravings by ‘Phiz’ (Hablot

18 A Rossetti Family Chronology

Knight Browne). This is the ﬁrst letter WMR recalls DGR writing to him (FLDGR 7; Fredeman 1:16–17).

1843 FMLR and children attend Christ Church, Albany Street, London, centre of Anglo-Catholicism, often accompanied by their aunts. EP begins district visiting in the parish, often assisted by CGR and MFR (SR 128; Marsh 55–6, 59). CGR (summer) ﬁrst meets ABH, who becomes one of her closest friends and most regular correspondents outside the family circle (Harrison 2:244). DGR Literary composition includes revisions to prose tale ‘Roderick and Rosalba’, now entitled ‘The Free Companions: A Tale of the Days of King Stephen’ (SR 302). Publication GP privately prints Sir Hugh the Heron. DGR gives a signed copy to CGR (SR 302). Pictorial work includes • Pen, Ink, Sepia Blanche and the Dauphin (S.9); Sorrentino (S.10); La Tomba (S.11, FRC 89), illustrating GR’s ‘Lisa ed Elviro’; Date Obolum Belisario (FRC 113). GR Publication Il tempo, ovvero Dio e l’Uomo, salterio … Seconda edizione, migliorata ed ampliﬁcata dall’autore. WMR meets Edward John Trelawny, who calls to invite GR, on behalf of the Radical MP Charles Temple Leader, to stay for a few days at his house in Putney. WMR is the only one at home (SR 366). Composition includes ‘Ulfred the Saxon, a Tale of the Conquest’ (SR 33, 77). May 20

(Sat) First issue of the family magazine Hodge-Podge; or Weekly Efforts, started by FMLR to distract the children during the crisis caused by GR’s illness (until 15 August; 6 numbers survive). The ﬁrst issue contains a short essay ‘On Conceit’, ‘Death of Paul and Virginia: A Ballad’ and ‘Letter to My Dearest Daughter’ on Joan d’Arc. All entries are unsigned (ADC 18:12).

1843 19

27

Second number of Hodge-Podge, containing ‘Hymn for Ascension Day’ and the prose essay ‘Reﬂections’ (ADC 18:12).

June GR, suffering from bronchitis, is forced to give up professional activities. Along with FMLR, he makes a recuperative holiday to Hastings. They stay at 9 High Street (FLDGR 10). Afterwards he travels to Paris with FMLR (SR 35; Marsh 39). DGR reads Samuel Warren’s Ten Thousand a Year (1839–41). WMR reads Charles Lever’s Charles O’Malley, the Irish Dragoon (1841). Heimann comments admiringly on MFR’s volume of John Keble, probably Christian Year (1827) (Fredeman 1:18). WMR is invited to a musical soirée, where he hears Adelaide Kemble sing ‘some Italian airs very beautifully’ (ADC 13:3). 3 (Sat) Number 3 of Hodge-Podge, containing the ﬁnal instalment of ‘Reﬂections’ (ADC 18:12). 25 DGR writes to FMLR that he is studying anatomy (Fredeman 1:18–20). 26 CGR writes her ﬁrst known letter, in Italian, to GR in Hastings. She mentions that John Temple Leader, the Radical MP, called for him yesterday (Harrison 1:3). July CGR composes ‘Corydon’s Lament and Resolution’ and ‘Rosalind’ (Crump 3:407). DGR joins a Sketching Club, contributing Death of Marmion (S.8), inspired by Scott’s poem, and two drawings illustrating Oliver Goldsmith’s Deserted Village (1770), which he shows to Cavalière Mortara. He plans to draw the parting of two lovers. Deverell may also have been a member (Fredeman 1:4, 23–4). 2 (Sun) CGR composes ‘Hymn (“To the God who reigns on high”)’ (Crump 3:406). 3 DGR visits the exhibition of cartoons for the decoration of the new Houses of Parliament on its opening day at Westminster Hall (Fredeman 1:20–3). 6 WMR ﬁnishes Edward Bulwer-Lytton’s Alice, or the Mysteries (1838) and begins Byron’s Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage (1812–18). He writes Ulfred the Saxon (ADC 13:3). 7 DGR tells FMLR that he has drawn an entire skeleton and begun a sketch of Hercules (Fredeman 1:23). 12 Another (unnumbered) issue of Hodge-Podge, from Paris, containing ‘La Madeleine’, a description of the new church on Place de la Concorde (ADC 18:12).

20 A Rossetti Family Chronology

19 23

Birth of LMB (Thirlwell 52). Another (unnumbered) issue of Hodge-Podge, from Paris, containing ‘A Morning Hymn for the tune of “Glory to thee my God this night”’ and ‘The morning amusement at Paris, Augst 8 1843’ (prose) (ADC 18:12).

August CGR contributes her poems ‘Rosalind’ and ‘Corydon’s Resolution’, and MFR her religious allegory Vision of Human Life (written for ‘the fallen’ Hodge-Podge, with an epigraph from Keble’s Christian Year, later printed by GP as The Rivulets; MFR apparently later disapproved of its theology and suppressed it; very few copies survive), to the Illustrated Scrap-Book. DGR writes ‘Sorrentino’, his chef d’oeuvre, a prose tale which he intends to offer for publication (Fredeman 1:24–7; Waller 174). MFR reads volume 3 of John Henry Newman’s Tracts for the Times (1833–), Keble’s Psalter or Psalms of David (1839), Bulwer-Lytton’s Last of the Barons (1843) and George R. Gleig’s Country Curate (1830) (ADC 13:3). 4 (Fri) WMR visits Felix Moscheles. He continues writing a story for Weekly Critic (ADC 13:3). 5 WMR writes that the 1843 edition of Shakespeare edited by Robert Tyas has ‘concluded this month to the great joy of both Maria & Gabriel, the former more particularly. As it will not be sold after September, Gabriel wishes to get 8 shillings out of the bank to buy the numbers which he does not at present possess’ (ADC 13:3). 6 MFR records a visit to Christ Church where she hears ‘an admirable sermon’ from Rev. William Dodsworth on the text ‘Think not that I will accuse you to the Father; there is one that accuseth you, even Moses, in whom ye trust’ (ADC 13:3). 12 Another (unnumbered) issue of Hodge-Podge, from Paris, containing ‘Visit to “Le Jardin des Plantes”’ (prose) and a poem, ‘To ﬁll this bit, what shall I say?’ (ADC 18:12). 14 Hoping to enter the Royal Academy (RA) Schools, DGR tells FMLR he is drawing the Antinous. He worries about rejection and his inadequate knowledge of anatomy. He intends to start drawing at home from casts he owns, and needs to purchase an easel (Fredeman 1:24–5). 15 Another (unnumbered) issue of Hodge-Podge, from Paris, containing a prose account of a visit to a cemetery (ADC 18:12).

1843 21

23

This is the last issue of the family magazine, succeeded by the non-extant Illustrated Scrap-book (Fredeman 1:25). DGR refutes suggestions made by MMP that he is reading ‘indecent’ literature, writing to FMLR that he has just ﬁnished Bulwer-Lytton’s Ernest Maltravers (1837) and has begun its sequel Alice, or the Mysteries. He intends to purchase the works of Shelley, ‘solely on account of the splendid versiﬁcation, and not from any love of his atheistical sentiments’ (Fredeman 1:24–7). In Paris, FMLR writes a poem for MFR, ‘Maria belov’d, in fancy oft I see’ (ADC 6:18).

September 2 (Sat) FMLR writes a poem, ‘A True Story’, against the Roman Catholic Church (ADC 6:18). October GR and FMLR have now returned to London, at ﬁrst with GR’s health apparently cured, yet by the end of month his health deteriorates further and he loses sight in one eye. He is forced to give up almost all teaching; the family subsists largely on Frere’s generosity. GR eventually returns to poetry with family members as his amanuensis (Marsh 40, 46; Waller 150) 9 (Mon) CGR composes ‘Love and Hope’ (Crump 3:397). 20 A convalescing DGR arrives in Boulogne at the home of Guiseppe Maenza, an Italian political refugee and teacher of Italian and art, following a rough sea voyage. DGR is impressed with their son Peppino, an art student who is fond of Byron (Fredeman 1:27–8). Peppino draws a portrait of DGR, which WMR describes as ‘an unsightly and unresembling’ (FLDGR 23). 26 Clarissa Maenza writes to FMLR that DGR is ‘quite well and happy’ and that ‘the novelty of a Continental town to his well-cultivated mind will certainly produce a great improvement to his health’ (ADC 6:15). DGR has been out drawing with Peppino and has begun to write ‘a new Romance’ which Peppino is to illustrate. He has bought a number of books and prints, including Bulwer-Lytton’s Leila, or The Seige of Granada (1838), Calderon the Courtier and Lady of Lyons (1838), packaged in a single volume for two shillings. DGR has begun Byron’s Deformed Transformed (1821) and a

22 A Rossetti Family Chronology

30

volume of Molière illustrated by Tony Johannot (Fredeman 1:28–9). DGR draws Sorrentino (FRC 88).

December (c.Dec) DGR reads GP’s ode ‘A Clori’ and comments on its similarity to a poem by Sir Henry Wotton in Percy’s Reliques of Ancient English Poetry (Fredeman 1:30–1).

1844 The Rossetti family takes the illustrated serial Le Diable à Paris (FLDGR 27). CGR reads Ann Radcliffe (Bell 14). DGR is introduced to the poetry of Keats (c.1844–45) (WDGR 671). DGR and WMR read Leigh Hunt’s review of Coventry Patmore’s ﬁrst volume Poems (1844): ‘We admired the poems enormously, and I daresay that in the course of a couple of years we had read every one of them through 20 or 30 times’ (PRD 212; Champneys 1:82). DGR also reads TGH’s Vates, or the Philosophy of Madness (SR 335). Pictorial work includes • Pen, Ink Back View of Man and Woman (S.616). GR takes Italian pupils at home (SR 36). WMR leaves King’s College School (Fredeman 1:4). In the summer begins reading Shelley (SR 57). MFR aids Charles Lyell with his translation of Dante (Weintraub 12). February FMLR becomes a daily governess, leaving CGR at home alone much of the time to look after GR. MFR leaves home to be a governess to Gertrude Thynne, the ﬁve-year-old niece of Lady Bath, arranged through CP. MFR is homesick. CGR visits for short periods to teach Italian. Later this year, MFR moves on to the Read family, on or near Finsbury Pavement, while CGR takes over from her at the Thynnes ‘in some minor degree’ (Marsh 42–3; SR 38–9). March 4

(Mon) CGR composes ‘The Water Spirit’s Song’ (Crump 3:388).

1844 23

April 20

(Sat) CGR composes ‘Pitia a Damone’ (Crump 3:407).

June (c.June) inspired by his German lessons with Heimann, DGR makes his ﬁrst translation, Gottfried August Bürger’s Lenore (WDGR 678). CGR composes ‘On Albina’ (Crump 3:407). 17 (Mon) CGR composes ‘The Faithless Shepherdess’ (Crump 3:407). 18 CGR composes ‘Ariadne to Theseus’ (Crump 3:407). 30 CGR composes ‘A Hymn for Christmas Day’ (Crump 3:408). July A poem, ‘London Churches’, by RMM, is copied into FMLR’s literary diary from Hood’s Magazine (ADC 12:18). 2 (Tue) CGR composes ‘Love and Death’ (Crump 3:408). August 19

(Mon) CGR composes ‘Despair’ and ‘Forget Me Not’ (Crump 3:408).

September 15 (Sun) CGR composes ‘Charity’ and ‘Easter Morning’ (Crump 3:399, 408). November DGR goes to stay with the Maenzas in Boulogne. 22 (Fri) CGR copies Jean-François Casimir Delavigne’s poem ‘La toilette de Constance’ into FMLR’s literary diary (ADC 12:18). December DGR draws Homeward Bound (S.12), Man with a Woman Wearing Trousers (S.615) and Turkish Dancers (FRC 34). In Boulogne, he reads Paul de Kock’s Ce Monsieur and George Sand’s Horace (1842). He examines lithographic prints by Paul Gavarni, Tony Johannot and Célestin Nanteuil, and buys prints by Gavarni, an illustrated volume of Charles Perrault’s Histoires ou Contes des Fées, several of Johannot’s illustrations to Don Quixote and Voyage où il vous plaira, and a number of issues of Musée Philipon containing prints by Paul Gavarni (Sulpice Guillaume Chevalier), Cham (Amédée de Noé), Grandville (Jean-Ignace-Isidore Gérard) and Honoré Daumier (Fredeman 1:32–7).

24 A Rossetti Family Chronology

5

10

17

28

(Sat) For her birthday, WMR passes on to CGR a copy of the anthology The Sacred Harp (1831), which he had previously won for a school prize; here she probably ﬁrst encounters poetry by George Herbert. She copies his ‘Misery and Virtue’ into her mother’s commonplace book, adding her own poem ‘Charity’ in imitation of Herbert (Marsh 46). Maenza describes DGR as ‘much grown’ since 1843: ‘His conversation is lively, and his mind acts like a thunderbolt as soon as anything of high compass is spoken of. He will do, I am certain, all that is to be expected from an elevated spirit’ (FLDGR 26). DGR requests that WMR buy him Illustration (8 December), which contains illustrations by Cham, Bertall (CharlesAlbert d’Arnoux) and Alexandre Calame (Fredeman 1:36–7). CGR composes ‘Song’, published as ‘Fair Margaret’ in Verses (1847), and also ‘Earth and Heaven’ (Crump 3:393).

1845 CGR’s health becomes delicate (PWCGR l). In the summer she suffers a form of adolescent breakdown and is attended by several distinguished doctors, including Locock. WMR suggests the diagnosis angina pectoris; other biographers suggest hysteria, depression and a severe nervous breakdown (e.g. Marsh 50–1). Composition includes ‘“Come cheer up, my lads, ’tis to glory we steer!”’ (Crump 3:507). DGR Translation includes early Italian poets, 1845–49 (WDGR xxxv). DGR tells Leigh Hunt in 1847 that his only source is Poeti del primo seculo della lingua Italiana (1816) (Fredeman 1:50–1). Pictorial work includes • Pen, Ink, Wash Bivouac after the Ball (S.13); Day after the Ball (S.14); Juliette (S.16), c.1845–46, illustrating Melchior Frédéric Soulié’s Les Mémoires du diable (1837); Sketch of Boy Reading (S.619); Pair of Lovers (S.620). • Lithograph Juliette (FRC 68), c.1845–46. GR is visited by Edward Fergus Graham, a music teacher and the son of Shelley’s father’s factotum, who becomes an occasional visitor at the Rossetti house (Bornand 43).

1845 25

January DGR draws Man Dancing with a Woman in Trousers (S.617) and Boy Smoking (S.618). He suffers from an attack of smallpox while in Boulogne (FLDGR 30). 22 (Wed) DGR hopes to maintain a weekly correspondence with Peppino. He has lately read Auguste-Marseille Barthélemy’s poem ‘L’Art de Fumer’, Paul de Kock’s M. Dupont, Langon and Touchard’s Les Jolies Filles and Prosper Mérimée’s Colomba and other Tales (1840). He translates one of the Corsican ballads in the latter (Fredeman 1:38–9). 25 Maenza recommends to GR that DGR take up fencing or gymnastics ‘to check the sedentary habits to which he is greatly inclined’ (FLDGR 26). 25/26 DGR returns to London (Fredeman 1:38). February 6 (Thu) WMR enters the Excise Ofﬁce in Old Broad Street as an extra clerk with a salary of £80 p/a (FLDGR 31; SR 29, 43). The family increasingly relies on him for ﬁnancial support (Fredeman 1:6). 25 CGR composes ‘Love Ephemeral’ and ‘A Tirsi’ (Crump 3:391, 409). March The Sisterhood of the Holy Cross (in Park Village) is established, the ﬁrst Anglican Sisterhood in the Christ Church parish, ‘to afford opportunities to persons, apart from the world and its distractions, to perfect holiness in the fear of God, and to grow in the love of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, especially by cherishing and showing forth love to Him in His poor and afﬂicted brethren’ (Mumm xv; Burrows 16). 1 (Sat) CGR composes ‘The Last Words of St. Telemachus’ (Crump 3:409). 3 CGR composes ‘Burial Anthem’ (Crump 3:391). 21 Inﬂuenced by Gavarni, DGR draws a caricature, Quartier Latin. The Modern Raphael and La Fornarina (FRC 59). April 2

(Wed) CGR composes ‘Lord Thomas and Fair Margaret’ (Crump 3:409).

26 A Rossetti Family Chronology

May 1

June 18

(Thu) CGR composes ‘Lines to My Grandfather’ (Crump 3:409). This is her last poem for several months and she laments a lack of inspiration (Marsh 49–50).

(Wed) DGR composes ‘The End of It’ (Fredeman 4:381).

July DGR draws Man with a Dagger Bending over a Woman (S.15). 12 (Sat) Lyell’s revised edition of Dante’s Lyrics is published and he orders two copies to be sent to the Rossetti family (ADC 6:15). September 17 (Wed) CGR, who is staying at the Reads (who employ MFR as a governess), writes to WMR that she is ‘anything but well’ (Harrison 1:4). October DGR begins to translate an early section of the Nibelungenlied. He does not complete it (FLM 104). November GR and FMLR are away from their children in Harrow. GR, who is suffering from failing eyesight, is trying a water cure. CGR visits them (ADC 13:3). Charles J. Hare, physician to the Royal Opthalmic Hospital, attends CGR until 1850. He later tells CGR’s biographer Bell that, aged 16–18, she was ‘more or less out of her mind […] (suffering, in fact, from a form of insanity […] a kind of religious mania)’ (Kohl 423). He also tells Bell that she had anaemia, that she ‘appears older than she really is’ and ‘what chieﬂy impressed him was Christina’s deep love for her mother—a feeling shown by every word and look’ (Bell 20–1). 2 (Sun) MFR writes to ABH from Longleat that her employers, Lord and Lady Charles Thynne, are treating her well, and the children are intelligent, but she prefers London to the country (Harrison 1:6). December 3 (Wed) CGR composes ‘Charade’ and ‘Hope in Grief’ (Crump 3:410). 4 CGR composes ‘ Summer’ and ‘Serenade’ (Crump 3:389, 397). 9 CGR composes ‘The End of Time’ (Crump 3:403).

1846 27

1846 DGR obtains admission to the Royal Academy Antique School. According to WHH, because of going abroad for a few months, DGR does not complete his three probationary drawings within the speciﬁed time, but is given permission to submit them in the following season (FLM 93; WHH 1:56). DGR later boasts to VCP that he only made one drawing in the Antique School, a drawing of the ‘Elgin Owl’ (Prinsep 169). A fellow student is the stained glass maker John Clayton, later of Clayton & Bell (Kelvin 1:37). Composition includes ‘A Prayer’ (Duke 6). Translation includes Hartmann von Aue’s Henry the Leper and von Aue’s ‘Der Arme Heinrich’ (WDGR xxxv, 678). Pictorial work includes • Pencil, Pen, Ink Faust (S.18); Ladies of Marlboro’ Street (S.21); Two Female Figures with Cross and Serpent (S.22), possibly an illustration to J. W. Meinhold’s Sidonia the Sorceress; Girl Walking or Flying (S.23); Children in the Wood (S.24); Romaunt of Margaret (S.25), inscribed with verse 7 of EBB’s poem; Hermia and Helena (S.26); Childe Waters (S.27); Shadowless Man (S.28), illustrating A. von Chamisso’s Peter Schlemil; Sleeper (S.29), c.1846–47, illustrating Edgar Allan Poe’s poem; Paolo and Francesca da Rimini (S.75E), c.1846–48; CGR (S.420); WMR (S.452); Man and Woman in 16th Century Costume (S.621A); Man with Riding Crop Conversing with a Woman (S.629); Woman Arming a Man (S.630); Man and Woman in Medieval Dress (S.631); Man and Woman with Arms Entwined, Moving to Left (S.632); Two Lovers Seated (S.633); Man and Woman in Conspiratorial Attitude (S.634); Man and a Girl (S.635); Two Men and a Dog (S.636); Two Men Fighting (S.637); Sketch of Two Men (S.638); Young Men Playing Chess (S.639); Seated Man (S.640); Man in Costume (S.641); Caricature of a Man in Evening Dress (S.642); Youth Sitting in a Chair (S.643); Man with Peepshow (S.644); Study of Man’s Head and Three Nude Studies (S.645); Woman Striding to the Right (S.646); Woman Standing by a Bed (S.647); Crouching Female Figure (S.648); Old Woman Brooding by the Fire (S.649); Girl Seated (S.650); Girl Reading at Table (S.651); A Servant Girl (S.652); Sketch of a Girl (S.653); Girl and a Demon (S.654); Winged Demon (S.655); Five Heads (Mostly Caricatures) and One Figure (S.656); Sketches of Figures (S.657); Grotesque Figure (S658); Three Studies of Heads (S.659); Man and Woman Seated under a Tree (S.660), c.1846–47; Study of a Man and Woman in Medieval Costume (S.661), c.1846–47; The Irish Harp (FRC 22), 1846–47; Ghost Scene (FRC 40), 1846–47.

28 A Rossetti Family Chronology

DGR is enamoured by Goethe’s Faust and over the next couple of years makes many drawings inspired by it. GR Publication Il Veggente in solitudine, poema polimetro. MFR Publication GP privately publishes MFR’s pamphlet The Rivulets and her parallel text translation of In Morte di Guenadalina Talbot (Harrison 1:222). WMR stops attending church (SR 128). He is introduced to the work of William Blake through DGR who has read Allan Cunningham’s Lives of the Most Eminent British Painters, Sculptors and Architects (1829). WMR has his ﬁrst sight of the sea, visiting Herne Bay (SR 343). January MFR writes to GR in Italian that she longs to return home, ‘However I thank God for having given me talents which enable me to assist my dear father by removing the burden of my maintenance which he has borne for so many years with so much loving care’ (transl. Waller 173). 10 (Sat) CGR composes ‘Mother and Child’ (Crump 3:393). February 8 (Sun) CGR composes ‘Mary Magdalene’, published in Verses (1847) as ll. 65–84 of ‘Divine and Human Pleading’ (Crump 3:395). 25 CGR composes ‘The Rose’ (Crump 3:397). March 1

14 17

30

(Sun) CGR composes ‘Lady Isabella’ (Crump 3:401). MFR visits CP in Longleat, where she learns to play billiards (ADC 13:9). CGR composes ‘On the Death of a Cat’, as tribute to EP’s pet (Crump 3:392). CGR composes ‘To E.R.’, published in Verses (1847) as ‘To My Friend Elizabeth’ (Crump 3:396). PWCGR identiﬁes the friend as Elizabeth Read. CGR composes ll. 1–64 and 85–8 of ‘Divine and Human Pleading’ (Crump 3:395).

1846 29

April DGR draws Faust (S.17), Man and Woman in 16th Century Costume (S.621), Woman in Fancy Dress (S.622) and a standing female reminiscent of Dulcinea in Don Quixote (FRC 36). 21 (Tue) CGR composes ‘Love Attacked’ (Crump 3:394). 22 CGR composes ‘The Ruined Cross’ (Crump 3:390). 23 CGR composes ‘Love Defended’ (Crump 3:394). May 24

(Sun) CGR composes ‘The Martyr’ (Crump 3:403).

June DGR draws a number of versions of Raven: Angel Footfalls (S.19) and Two Female Figures (S.624), as well as female ﬁgures with serpententwined cross (FRC 38), perhaps illustrating J. W. Meinhold’s Sidonia the Sorceress. He shows Charles Eastlake his sketches, ‘with which he seemed tolerably well satisﬁed’. Eastlake gives him a copy of Anna Jameson’s Lives of the Painters. At the RA DGR draws from casts of Lorenzo Ghiberti’s Gates of San Giovanni at Florence. DGR thinks he is the ﬁrst student to copy these (Fredeman 1:40). According to WHH, he also draws them and so meets DGR for the ﬁrst time (WHH 1:105–7). Around the end of the month, MFR leaves the Read family in Brighton, due to Mrs Read’s ‘severe illness’, and reluctantly returns to governess for the Thynnes’s daughter Gertrude in Longbridge (Fredeman 1:40; Marsh 577, 65; ADC 6:15). 5 (Fri) Death of FMB’s ﬁrst wife Elisabeth Madox Brown, in Paris. LMB is placed in the care of her aunt, Helen Bromley, in Kent, who becomes her surrogate mother and teacher. One of her earliest watercolours is of this new home, Melliker Farm (Thirlwell 20, 55–6). July DGR draws Man and Woman Seated under a Tree (S.625) and Caricature of a Man (S.626). Having completed the required probationary drawings DGR receives a full admission ticket to the RA Schools (MarshDGR 20). 14 (Tue) CGR composes ‘The Dying Man to His Betrothed’ (Crump 3:402).

30 A Rossetti Family Chronology

August John Hancock makes a plaster medallion of DGR (ADC 18:4). 11 (Tue) CGR composes ‘Lisetta All’Amante’ (Crump 3:410). With her health once again delicate, she vacations in Folkestone, Kent, until mid-September, and reads Tasso (whom she praises highly), Dante’s Inferno and Petrarch. She is not able to read much Ariosto, ‘not having brought with me a list of the prohibited passages’ (Harrison 1:6; Marsh 65). 21 CGR composes ‘Amore e Dispetto’ (Crump 3:396). September DGR draws Touchstone and Audrey (S.20), Beggar and Woman (S.627) and Sketch of a Woman (S.628). 10 (Thu) CGR composes ‘The Dead Bride’ (Crump 3:400). 11 CGR composes ‘Sappho’ (Crump 3:392). 16 CGR composes ‘To a Murderer’, later retitled ‘Will These Hands Ne’er Be Clean?’ (Crump 3:398). 27 CGR composes ‘Song (“I saw her; she was lovely”)’ (Crump 3:410). WMR draws his self-portrait in pencil, probably his ﬁrst and only self-portrait (Thirlwell 107). October 14

(Wed) CGR composes ‘Gone For Ever’ and ‘Sir Eustace Grey’ (Crump 1:291, 3:398).

November 2 (Mon) MFR writes to ABH from Longbridge: ‘I ﬁnd myself on the whole as comfortable in most respects here as perhaps I can reasonably hope to be when absent from home.’ Lady Charles has been lending her books and playing duets with her. She mentions that FMLR will send ABH a copy of her little book (presumably Rivulets) (RHC 4:1). 5 CGR composes ‘Present and Future’ (Crump 3:398). 16 CGR composes ‘Lamentation & Consolation’, later retitled ‘The Time of Waiting’ (Crump 3:399). December 18 (Fri) DGR writes to Deverell that James Henry Leigh Hunt’s ‘Songs and Chorus of the Flowers’, printed in Poetical Works (1844), ‘is unique in metre and versiﬁcation’ (Fredeman 1:42). 19 CGR composes ‘Tasso and Leonora’ (Crump 3:392).

1847 31

1847 CGR reads Maturin (Bell 14). In the late 1840s, CGR attends St Andrews Church, Wells Street (Harrison 1:215; compare Marsh 62). ?First meets CBC, when he becomes GR’s pupil (PWCGR liii). Composition includes ‘Spring Quiet’ and, according to WMR, ‘A True Story’ (Crump 1:270, 3:502). Publication includes Verses (privately printed by GP). Lyell makes negative comments (Fredeman 1:43). DGR keeps a diary 1847–48. WMR believes it to have been destroyed. It speaks warmly of WHH’s ‘rigid self-denial in his pursuit of art through difﬁculties’ (SR 558). According to JEM’s biographer, DGR is ‘an intermittent attendant’ at the RA Schools ‘rather than a methodical student’ (Millais 1:50). JEM recalls of DGR: ‘I liked him very much when we ﬁrst met, believing him to be (as perhaps he was) sincere in his desire to further our aims […] but I always liked his brother William much better. D. G. Rossetti, you must understand, was a queer fellow […] so dogmatic and so irritable when opposed’ (Millais 1:52). Towards the end of the year, DGR begins the practice of challenging WMR and CGR to bouts rimés (FLDGR 293; Marsh 82). DGR spends part of the summer in Brighton. In the British Museum DGR reads RB’s anonymously published poem ‘Pauline, a Fragment of a Confession’ (1833) (Fredeman 1:45). DGR and WMR also discover Mary Boddington’s Poems (1839) (WA 182). Around this date WMR and DGR read Ebenezer Jones’s Studies of Sensation and Event (1843) (SR 471). Literary composition includes ‘Retro me, Sathana!’, ‘For an Annunciation, Early German’, ‘Ave’ (originally entitled ‘Mater Pulchræ Delectionis’), ‘Epitaph for Keats’ and ‘To Mary in Summer’. He also makes ﬁrst versions of ‘My Sister’s Sleep’, ‘The Portrait’ (originally entitled ‘On Mary’s Portrait’) and ‘The Blessed Damsel’ (20 stanzas; PML manuscript) (WDGR xxv–vi, xxxiii, 661–3; BD ix–x). Translation includes Two songs from Victor Hugo’s Burgraves. WMR thinks DGR ﬁrst begins to translate Dante’s Vita Nuova (WDGR xxxv, 676). Pictorial work includes • Pen, Ink, Pencil Raven: Angel Footfalls (S.19); Ulalume (S.30), c.1847–48; CGR (S.421–2); ghost scene illustrating unidentiﬁed subject; Bohemian Skit: The German Student, possibly 1853 (VP 163). DGR begins a version of Retro me Sathana in oil but abandons it after disapproving comments from Eastlake (FLM 100; Grieve 4). He designs two lithograph caricatures of card players. According to WMR, he intends to complete the set for publication, but does not (ADC 18:4).

32 A Rossetti Family Chronology

GR resigns his professorship at King’s College and WMR becomes a permanent clerk (SR 36, 45; Waller 154). Publication Versi. January 21

(Wed) Lyell writes that MFR ‘is happy in her new and highly respectable situation’ (ADC 6:15).

February 24 (Wed) CGR composes part II of ‘The Portrait’, originally entitled ‘Sonnet / On Lady Isabella’ (Crump 1:268). CGR also composes ‘Praise of Love’ (the last stanza is later published as ‘“Love is all happiness, love is all beauty”’ in TF; Crump 3:378, 410). March DGR draws a self-portrait (S.434). 15 (Mon) CGR composes ‘The Solitary Rose’ (Crump 3:400). 18 CGR composes ‘Eva’ (Crump 3:391). 19 CGR composes ‘The Song of the Star’ (Crump 3:388). April WMR loans DGR ten shillings so he can purchase a notebook of Blake’s designs, poetry and prose, published and unpublished (‘The Rossetti Manuscript’), from Palmer, a relative of the watercolourist Samuel Palmer, and an attendant at the British Museum (SR 302–3). 8 (Thu) CGR composes ‘Resurrection Eve’ (Crump 3:404). 9 CGR composes ‘The City of Statues’, later retitled ‘The Dead City’ (Crump 3:386). 17 CGR composes ‘The Rose’ (Crump 3:360). 28 GR resigns his professorship at King’s College (Fredeman 1:6). May 1

(Sat) FMLR gives CGR a copy of Goldsmith’s Vicar of Wakeﬁeld (Harrison 1:38)

June In June or early July, CGR’s Verses is privately printed by GP (who writes in the preface that the volume was printed for his gratiﬁcation,

1847 33

which overrode the modesty of the ‘authoress’), and dedicated to FMLR. CGR sends a copy to ABH (Harrison 1:8). Upon publication, GP presents her with a bouquet of red and white roses and a celebratory poem in Italian (Marsh 75).

July The Rossetti family are on holiday in Herne Bay, Kent (FLDGR 32). CGR composes ‘“I have fought a good ﬁght”’ (Crump 3:410). 22 (Thu) CGR composes ‘Wishes: / Sonnet’ (Crump 3:411). 24 The husband of FMLR’s cousin, Reverend Mr Bray, writes a poem in thanks for Verses, implying that the love poetry was written from CGR’s own experiences; CGR and her siblings are outraged (Marsh 75–6). 30 CGR composes ‘Eleanor’ (Crump 3:411). August 9 10

15

(Mon) CGR composes ‘Isidora’ (Crump 3:411). CGR writes to WMR that she has read Bulwer-Lytton’s Pelham (1828) and is disappointed. She passes on DGR’s request that WMR bring with him from London her copy of Lyell’s translation of Canzoniere of Dante Alighieri (Harrison 1:9). WMR joins his family at Herne Bay; GR and DGR leave for London shortly afterwards (ADC 13:3; Harrison 1:8).

September CP joins the family at Herne Bay. DGR writes ‘Sacred to the Memory of Algernon R. G. Stanhope’ at the request of a family friend, Cavalier Mortara (WDGR 673). Around this time MFR leaves the Thynnes and begins to give private lessons in the homes of pupils. DGR talks of her having been ‘bullied and badgered out of her life by a lot of beastly brats’. Maroncelli sends CGR two tickets for a concert by the famous Swedish soprano Jenny Lind. DGR gives them to the Heimanns, writing to FMLR, ‘I abhor concerts’ (FLDGR 32; Fredeman 1:43–4). 4 (Sat) CGR composes ‘The Novice’ (Crump 3:412). 8 GR terms MFR ‘my young fourteen-year-old Sappho’ and praises her translation of Cavalier Campana’s ode on the death of Princess Borghese (On the Death of Lady Gwendalina Talbot) (Waller 173).

34 A Rossetti Family Chronology

21 22 27 28 29

30

October 7 17

CGR composes ‘Immalee’ (Crump 3:412). CGR composes ‘The Last Hope’, later retitled ‘Heart’s Chill Between’ (Crump 3:351). CGR composes ‘Lady Isabella’ (Crump 3:412). CGR composes ‘Night and Death’ (Crump 3:413). CGR composes ‘Anne of Warwick’, ﬁrst published with the title ‘Death’s Chill Between’, and then with revisions and a new title ‘A Lament’ (Crump 3:350). CGR composes ‘“Young men aye were ﬁckle found / Since summer trees were leafy”’ (Crump 3:413).

(Thu) CGR composes ‘The Lotus-Eaters: / Ulysses to Penelope’ (Crump 3:413). DGR writes to RB identifying him as the author of the anonymous Pauline (1833) (Fredeman 1:45–6).

November 7 (Sun) CGR composes ‘Sonnet / From the Psalms’ and ‘Sonnet (“The stream moaneth as it ﬂoweth”)’ (Crump 3:414). 15 CGR composes ‘A Counsel’ (Crump 3:414). 17 CGR begins copying her own poems into her notebook (MFR had previously undertaken the task) (Bell 146). 20 CGR composes ‘The World’s Harmonies’ and ‘Lines / Given With a Penwiper’ (Crump 3:414–15). 25 DGR introduces himself to WBS, writing to express enthusiasm for ‘Rosabell’, ‘A Dream of Love’ and Year of the World (1846) (Fredeman 1:47–8). A few days later DGR sends WBS his Songs of the Art Catholic containing ‘Blessed Damozel’, ‘Mater Pulchrae Delectionis’ and ‘My Sister’s Sleep’. WBS greatly admires the ‘mastery in rhythm and the invention in these poems’ but does not know what to make of the title, which rings of Tractarianism (Minto 1:245–6). December DGR draws Man and Woman Standing under a Tree (S.662). Late in this month, or early next, DGR sends Leigh Hunt some of his translations and original sonnets for comments. He writes: ‘I possess all the old editions of your poems and both the more modern ones, together with several of your prose works. You have delighted me – strengthened me – instructed me’ (Fredeman 1:49–51).

1847–1848 35

CGR composes ‘An Argument’ (later retitled ‘Repining’) and ‘“I do set my bow in the cloud”’; between December 1847 and 12 January 1848 she probably composes ‘“O death where is thy sting?”’ (Crump 3:352, 415–16). Marsh suggests that CGR composes ‘Ne’ sogni ti veggo’ around this time, which CGR said was ‘ﬁred by Papa’s calling this metre difﬁcult’; the metre is also that of GR’s Il Tempo (1843), into a copy of which CGR wrote this poem (Marsh 78; WMR dates the poem 1890 and entitles it ‘Sognando’, PWCGR 494). In December (or January 1848), WBS calls on the Rossettis and ﬁrst meets CGR, apparently acting as GR’s amanuensis (Bell 15; SR 131): ‘The ﬁrst visit I made to the Rossetti household I only saw the old man [GR] with a Shade over his eyes and a great snuff box, and Christina standing writing at a small high desk’ (LPI 343). 2 (Thu) CGR composes ‘The Last Answer’ (Crump 3:415). 4 CGR composes ‘One of the Dead’ (Crump 3:415). 5 CGR composes ‘The Trees’ Counselling’ (Crump 3:360). 6 CGR composes ‘“The whole head is sick, and the whole heart faint”’ (Crump 3:415).

1848 CGR Early in 1848 CGR begins her relationship with James Collinson, which is broken off on religious grounds 1849/50 (PWCGR li–lii; Weintraub 25). Collinson paints CGR’s portrait in oils which, for CG, gave the true impression of CGR as she ﬁrst knew her, ‘a timorous and nervous girl, with a slight stoop’ (Thomas 95). FMLR possibly writes her sonnet on Collinson, entitled ‘Charade’ (ADC 6:18). CGR ﬁrst studies Dante (Bell 14, 318). WMR: ‘when Christina was seventeen or eighteen years old her health was so uncertain as to lead none of her family to suppose she would attain an average length of life’ (Bell 19). Composition includes bouts rimés (composed in the summer): ‘Ruin’, ‘“I sit among green shady valleys oft”’, ‘“Listen, and I will tell you of a face”’, ‘“Wouldst thou give me a heavy jewelled crown”’, ‘“I said within myself: I am a fool”’, ‘“Methinks the ills of life I fain would shun”’ and ‘“Strange voices sing among the planets which”’ (Crump 3:419–22). WMR judges them better than his own or DGR’s and he compares them with the Italian improvisatore tradition (SR 80). DGR’s attendance at the RA is irregular. He attracts a ‘following of clamorous students’. DGR approaches WHH to express admiration for Eve of St Agnes. DGR visits WHH’s studio and WHH explains his principle of drawing directly from nature (WHH 1:105–7). DGR meets the

36 A Rossetti Family Chronology

Chartist poet Ebenezer Jones, author of Studies of Sensation and Event (1843). The book is championed by DGR despite hostile reviews (Fredeman 4:362–3). The works of John Rogers Herbert are greatly admired by DGR, particularly Christ and his Parents at Nazareth (ADC 18:14). DGR frequents Sadler’s Wells Theatre (1848–50) (WDGR 668). Literary composition includes ‘Old and New Art (Not as These and The Husbandmen)’, ‘The Choice’, ‘For Our Lady of the Rocks, by Leonardo da Vinci’, ‘At the Sun-Rise in 1848’, ‘The Lady’s Lament’, ‘The English Revolution of 1848’, and ‘’Twas thus’. Begins ‘Dante at Verona’ (WMR thinks possibly earlier), ‘The Bride’s Prelude’ and ‘Jenny’ (WDGR xxiii–vi, xxxiii, 647, 656). Translation includes ‘Capitolo: A.M. Salvini to Francesco Redi, 16–’ and two lyrics from Niccolo Tommaseo (‘The Young Girl’ and ‘A Farewell’) (WDGR xxxv). Pictorial work includes • Oil CGR (S.423). • Chalk CGR (S.424). • Pencil, Pen, Ink Faust (S.34–6); Study of a Young Girl (S.664); Young Woman (S.665), c.1848–49; Fancy Portrait: John Knocks (X) (FRC 60); Macbeth (FRC 62), c.1848–50, in imitation of Lauder. GR With revolutions in Italy, GR is urged to return to his homeland; but, when prospects for Italy’s liberty are over by the autumn, he acknowledges to Lyell he was wise not to have agreed. Around this time GR befriends exiled Italian evangelicals, including some defrocked Roman Catholic priests, of whom his family disapprove; GR contributes to their monthly magazine L’Eco di Savonarola (Waller 156–60). Publication Poesie scelte. MFR ends resident governessing and takes up teaching at home and at the homes of her pupils (SR 39, 61). WMR attends public lectures by Emerson on Shakespeare and Napoleon c.1848 (RP 296). In the spring or summer WMR ﬁrst meets WCT in the studio of FMB (Hueffer 53). In the summer he visits WBS in Newcastle (Minto 1:277). WMR moves to the Secretary’s Ofﬁce (SR 50). January The Rossetti house undergoes internal repairs. DGR, who is preparing for exhibition, works in the studio of the sculptor and fellow RA student John Hancock. DGR and Deverell form the Cyclographic Society, joined by WHH, JEM, FGS, Hancock, James Collinson, Richard Burchett, J. T. Clifton, William Dennis, Nathaniel Everett Green,

1848 37

J. B. Keene, J. A. Vintner and T. Watkins. DGR also nominates the sculptor Alexander Munro (ADC 18:7; Fredeman 1:53–6). DGR’s drawings attract the attention of WHH and JEM (WHH 1:102–3). 12 (Wed) CGR composes ‘Undine’ (Crump 3:416). February CP, who has ‘a regular and sufﬁcient income from her exertions as governess’, offers to pay for DGR to receive artistic instruction from a tutor. WMR suggests Charles Hutton Lear, William Denholm Kennedy or FMB (FLDGR 34; CWDGR 495–6; Fredeman 1:57). 14 (Mon) CGR composes ‘A Pause of Thought’, originally entitled in the earlier manuscript ‘Lines In Memory of Schiller’s “Der Pilgrim”’ and, in another, ‘Three Stages./1’ (Crump 1:249–50, 3:449). 18 CGR composes ‘Lady Montrevor’ and ‘Three Stages./2’ (Crump 3:416, 450). 19 CGR composes ‘Floral Teaching’ (Crump 3:416). 20 CGR composes ‘“Death is swallowed up in victory”’ (Crump 3:416). March 24

25

31

(Fri) FMB receives an effusive letter from DGR, expressing admiration for his oeuvre and requesting to become his pupil for six months. An indignant FMB calls at 50 Charlotte Street, thinking DGR’s letter to be a hoax (Fredeman 1:58–9; Hueffer 48–53). FMB accepts DGR as his pupil, without payment, and sets him to work drawing still-lifes and copying pictures, including FMB’s Seraph’s Watch. DGR paints Bottles (S.31), probably his ﬁrst work in oil. FMB advises on palette preparation, tonal modelling and colour (Brown 36; Hueffer 48–53). Leigh Hunt expresses admiration for DGR’s poems, particularly ‘Blessed Damozel’, and asks to make DGR’s acquaintance. He encourages DGR to continue as a painter, poetry making an uncertain living (Fredeman 1:51–2). WMR recalls that DGR called on Leigh Hunt once, but made no subsequent visits ‘owing to occupations, distractions, and lack of forwardness’ (FLDGR 36–8).

April DGR draws La Belle Dame sans Merci (S.32) for the Cyclographic Society (Hueffer 54–5). WMR is sworn in as Special Constable for duty at a

38 A Rossetti Family Chronology

Chartist demonstration that passes off quietly (he has sympathy for the Chartists) (SR 52–3). 11 (Tue) At FMB’s advice, DGR joins an evening life class at Maddox Street Academy, CP paying the half-guinea monthly fee (Fredeman 1:61). 12 CGR composes ‘Death’ (Crump 3:418). 24 CGR composes ‘A Hopeless Case. / (Nydia.)’ (Crump 3:418). May CGR composes ‘Ellen Middleton’ (Crump 3:419). DGR draws ‘The Sun May Shine and We Be Cold’ (S.33) from EBB’s ‘Romaunt of Margret’ for Munro. DGR sends CP ‘My Sister’s Sleep’. He shows FMB his poetry (Fredeman 1:63). June DGR draws GP (S.412). He rebels against FMB’s prescribed regime of study and leaves his studio. According to WHH, DGR works for a while alone in the studio of Hancock. He threatens to ‘chuck the whole thing’. WHH encourages him to attempt a large canvas. DGR asks WHH to give him painting instruction and allow him to share his studio. WHH, living with his parents and already having a pupil, refuses but offers help. DGR asks for WHH’s critical opinion on his manuscript poems (WHH 1:107–11; Layard 13–15). 1 (Thu) CGR composes ‘St. Andrew’s Church’ (Crump 3:419). 18 CGR composes ‘Grown Old’ and ‘Zara (“The pale sad face of her I wronged”)’ (Crump 3:419). July DGR draws Faust: Gretchen and Mephistopheles in the Church (S.34) and Retro me Sathana (S.37) for the Cyclographic (FLM 121). WHH acquires a studio at 7 Cleveland Street, Fitzroy Square. DGR persuades him to share it, proposing to pay half the rent. The painter E. Rainford also becomes a sitting tenant. DGR inspires the sculptor Thomas Woolner to join their group (WHH 1:112). WHH draws up rules for a Literary Society. DGR proposes that CGR should join but CGR refuses even to allow DGR to read her poems for her, ‘under the impression that it would seem like display’ (Fredeman 1:64–7, 141). August CGR is in Brighton for over a month with, intermittently, GP, FMLR, MFR and WMR. She suffers her ﬁrst severe ﬁt of neuralgia. While at

1848 39

Brighton, CGR and ABH hear the famous Italian contralto Marietta Alboni for the ﬁrst time (Harrison 1:227, 2:69; Marsh 83). CGR continues to write bouts rimés sonnets for her brothers (Bell 19). CGR composes ‘The Plague’ and ‘Methinks the ills of life’ (Crump 3:508). DGR draws Genevieve (S.38) for the Cyclographic. He makes a design for ‘Hist!’, said Kate the Queen (S.49), illustrating RB’s ‘Pippa Passes’, and a small sketch for Death of Marmion. DGR and WHH make sketching visits to Rochester Castle, Greenwich and Blackheath but DGR resorts to writing poetry. Both attend Somerset House Sketching Club. DGR makes a colour study and drawing from the nude for his ﬁrst major oil painting, The Girlhood of Mary Virgin (S.40). He is jointly supervised by WHH and FMB. WHH does not approve of DGR’s ‘unbounded enthusiasm’ for FMB’s Nazarene-inspired paintings and is frustrated by DGR’s rejection of perspective. DGR and WHH prepare a List of Immortals. WHH describes them as inﬂuenced by Voltaire, Gibbon, Byron and Shelley. DGR and WHH contemplate setting up a Mutual Suicide Association. At Woolner’s, DGR and WHH compose a 24-stanza poem. DGR notes WHH’s stanzas are ‘metaphysico-mysterioso-obscure’. DGR meets the author William North. He attends Gaetano Donizetti’s Lucrezia Borgia at Covent Garden. DGR reads RMM’s Life and Letters of John Keats (1848) and buys An Exposition of the False Medium and Barriers precluding Men of Genius from the Public (1833) (WHH 1:114–22, 158–60; Fredeman 1:54, 68–71). 12 (Sat) The ﬁrst meeting of the Literary Society is held at the Rossettis’ house. Collinson, Hancock and Deverell attend (ADC 13:3; Fredeman 1:64). 13 WMR joins FMLR, CGR and GP in Brighton (ADC 13:3). 28 DGR works through the night drawing Genevieve (S.38) for Cyclographic Society (Fredeman 1:71). 30 DGR writes that he ‘grinned tremendously’ over CGR’s bouts rimés ‘Plague’ and that ‘Methinks the ills of life’ is ‘as good as anything she has written’. DGR also admires WMR’s ‘The Completed Soul’ and ‘The Shadow of the Flower’. He has been reading Letitia Elizabeth Landon’s Improvisatrice and Other Poems (1824). DGR is expecting a ‘blow-up’ soon in the Cyclographic Society (Fredeman 1:70–1). 31 DGR introduces WHH to FMB. WHH thinks FMB resents him as having come between his former pupil and himself (WHH 1:123–6; PRD 95).

40 A Rossetti Family Chronology

September Collinson makes an offer of marriage to CGR (SR 72). DGR makes a preparatory drawing for First Anniversary of the Death of Beatrice (S.42). He writes ‘Autumn Song’ (‘The Fall of the Leaf’), ‘a howling canticle’, later set to music by Edward Dannreuther. ‘My Sister’s Sleep’ is published anonymously in New Monthly La Belle Assemblée: A Magazine of Literature and Fashion (pp. 140–2), with comments by Elizabeth Youatt (WDGR 663; Fredeman 1:54, 72). WMR joins DGR at evening life classes. DGR thinks he will soon be proﬁcient enough to follow a career in art. He proposes WMR and Woolner as new members of their painting group. WHH suggests Collinson and FJS. DGR considers Collinson ‘a born stunner’ and immediately strikes up an intimate friendship with him. The ﬁrst meeting of the new group is held in JEM’s home, Gower Street. They enthuse over JEM’s set of outlines by Führich and a volume of Carlo Lasinio’s engravings after the frescoes of Benozzo Gozzoli in Campo Santo, Pisa, lent to JEM. The group determines to work in a simple and unaffected manner like the early Renaissance masters. JEM refuses to accept the new members until he is convinced of their acceptance of working simply and directly from nature (WHH 1:127–32, 161). WHH objects to DGR’s discussion of Pre-Raphaelitism as ‘Early Christian’, inﬂuenced by FMB and the Nazarenes. DGR suggests the name ‘Brotherhood’. The group agrees to adopt ‘PRB’ as their secret insignia. DGR suggests designing etchings to Keats’s Isabella along with WHH and JEM (not realised). DGR models for Rienzi in WHH’s Rienzi Vowing to Obtain Justice (WHH 1:140–2). DGR goes with Collinson and Clifton to see the 1824 melodrama Koeuba, the Pirate Vessel at the Queen’s Theatre, Tottenham Street. Collinson having no design ready for the Cyclographic Society, DGR draws ‘an angular saint’ which he means to send round on Collinson’s behalf. He expects to get ‘kicked out’ and mentions that ‘criticisms are becoming more and more scurrilous’. He considers accompanying Collinson to Herne Bay (Fredeman 1:73). 23 (Sat) WMR’s ‘In the Hill-Shadow’ is published in The Athenaeum (pp. 960–1), preceding DGR and CGR in publication. Around this time CGR also sends several poems to The Athenaeum but they are rejected because of ‘Tennysonian mannerisms’ (SR 78–9) 25 WMR writes to CP that GR’s sight is improving and he has resumed writing about Dante and Beatrice (ADC 10:8).

1848 41

October Monthly meetings of the PRB are held at alternating members’ studios. WHH is frustrated by DGR’s constant visitors to their studio. DGR frequently leaves painting to write. He is having trouble painting the dress of the Virgin in Girlhood, having left the paint to dry, and with the angel, for which he uses four different models. DGR enthuses over Sir Henry Taylor’s Philip van Artevelde (1834), RB’s Paracelsus (1835) and Sordello (1840), Poe’s Raven and other Poems (1845) and ‘Ulalume’ (1847), WBS’s ‘Rosabell’ (1846) and Patmore’s ‘Woodman’s Daughter’, learning large sections of them by heart. He is scornful of Tennyson (WHH 1:144–6, 153, 163–5). 10 (Tue) DGR draws Henrietta Polydore (S.415). 14 CGR’s ‘Death’s Chill Between’ is published in The Athenaeum (p. 1032). 21 CGR’s ‘Heart’s Chill Between’ is published in The Athenaeum (p. 1056). November CGR models for the Virgin in Girlhood. WMR and DGR sit for JEM’s Isabella. Persuaded by DGR, CGR becomes engaged to Collinson, having originally rejected him on religious grounds (WHH 1:158; Fredeman 1:54, 76). 12 (Sun) CGR composes ‘“Sleep, sleep, happy one”’ (Crump 3:423). 14 DGR sends Lyell his commissioned portrait of GR (S.442). DGR admits it is a good likeness but deﬁcient in technique. He has begun a portrait of GR on a smaller scale for Lyell (not completed). DGR has completed his translation of Dante’s Vita Nuova and intends to publish it with a series of his own original designs. He has completed: Dante Overhearing the Conversation of the Friends of Beatrice After the Death of her Father; Dante Interrupted While Drawing an Angel in Memory of Beatrice; and Dante, Beatrice and Love (Purves 116–18; Fredeman 1:74–7). 21 DGR writes the ﬁrst sonnet for Girlhood. He is painting St Anne’s head from FMLR (FLDGR 45; Fredeman 1:78). The family servant Williams models for Joachim (Surtees 10). 23 Collinson takes WMR (as well as his portrait of CGR and her Verses) with him on a visit to his mother and sister in Pleasley Hill, near Mansﬁeld, Nottinghamshire. CGR writes to WMR asking whether he thinks she would ﬁnd

42 A Rossetti Family Chronology

26 27

his relatives alarming and she hopes that they ﬁnd Collinson’s recently ﬁnished portrait of her ﬂattering (Harrison 1:14–15; FLDGR 44). CGR composes ‘Song’ (‘She sat and sang alway’) (Crump 1:253). DGR and WMR, and possibly also WHH and Woolner, attend a performance of RB’s Blot in the ’Scutcheon at Sadler’s Wells Theatre (Fredeman 1:79).

December 1 (Fri) CGR composes ‘Bitter for Sweet’ (Crump 1:254). 12 CGR composes ‘Song’ (‘When I am dead, my dearest’) (Crump 1:253). 17 CGR composes ‘What Sappho Would Have Said Had Her Leap Cured Instead of Killing Her’ (Crump 3:423).

1849 The artist John R. Clayton is friendly with the Rossetti family c.1849–51, and frequently meets the Rossetti women after services in Christ Church, Albany Street. He remarks that CGR had a ‘ﬁtful energy and power in conversation, coming in contrast to her habitual reserve’ (Bell 17, 22). DGR and WMR sporadically attend Leigh’s and Dickinson’s life classes (WHH 1:166). DGR meets GPB who decides to give up architecture for painting (Kelvin 1:36). Literary composition includes ‘Old and New Art (St Luke the Painter)’, ‘The Card-Dealer’, ‘Vox Ecclesiæ, Vox Christi’ (a pendant to WMR’s ‘Democracy Downtrodden’), ‘Shakespear’, ‘Blake’, ‘The Sea-Limits’, ‘World’s Worth’, ‘Song and Music’, ‘Motto to the Card-Dealer’ and ‘On Browning’s Sordello’. Begins ‘A Last Confession’ (WDGR xxv–vii, xxxii, xxxiv, 656). Also begins ‘Dante in Exile’ and ‘Bride-Chamber Talk’ (Fredeman 1:96). Translation includes Cecco Angiolieri’s ‘In Absence from Becchina’ (WDGR xxxv). Pictorial work includes • Watercolour The Laboratory (S.41). • Pencil, Pen, Ink Taurello’s First Sight of Fortune (S.39), for FGS; First Anniversary of the Death of Beatrice (S.42), for JEM; Dorothy and Theophilus (S.43); The Salutation of Beatrice (S.116A–B); Major Calder

1849 43

Campbell (S.279); Study of a Man Smoking a Long Pipe (S.666); Study of a Woman (S.667); Artist’s Studio (FRC 61). January 7 18 23 24 27

(Sun) CGR composes ‘Symbols’ (Crump 1:260). CGR composes ‘On Keats’ (Crump 3:424). CGR composes ‘Have Patience’ (Crump 3:424). CGR composes ‘To Lalla, Reading My Verses Topsy-Turvy’ for HP (Crump 3:424; Bell 22). DGR models for the fool in FMB’s Cordelia at the Bedside of Lear (Brown 57).

February 6 (Tue) CGR composes ‘Song in a ‘Song’ (“Oh roses for the ﬂush of youth”)’, later retitled ‘Song’, as well as ‘Sonnet (“Some say that love and joy are one: and so”)’ (Crump 1:242, 3:425). 7 CGR composes ‘The Last Complaint’ (Crump 3:425). 9 CGR composes ‘Sweet Death’ (Crump 1:260). 12 CGR composes ‘A Nun’, which becomes part 2 of ‘Three Nuns’ (Crump 3:432). 16 CGR composes ‘Have You Forgotten?’ (Crump 3:425). March DGR starts signing himself Dante Gabriel Rossetti (FLDGR 47). He surprises the PRB by sending Girlhood of Mary Virgin to the Free Exhibition, Hyde Park Corner; he has additional days to ﬁnish and his painting goes on display before the others at the RA. DGR’s shared occupancy of WHH’s studio ends (WHH 1:172–3). 5 (Mon) CGR composes ‘An End’ (Crump 1:241). 7 CGR composes ‘A Christmas Carol, / (On the Stroke of Midnight)’ (Crump 3:425). 12 CGR composes ‘For Advent’ (Crump 3:426). 28 Free Exhibition opens with Girlhood on display in the Chinese Gallery. One of DGR’s sonnets is printed on goldcovered paper and ﬁxed to the frame. The other is printed in the catalogue (Fredeman 1:80; Surtees 10–11). WHH is irritated to hear DGR spoken of as the founder of the new school (WHH 1:174). 31 DGR’s work receives positive attention in The Literary Gazette (p. 239) and The Builder (p. 145).

44 A Rossetti Family Chronology

April Anna Maria Polidori dies in the last week of April. Her will, written without a lawyer and appropriate witnesses, proves problematic (ADC 6:15). CGR composes ‘Dream Land’ (Crump 1:237). According to WMR, CGR’s charade and enigma ‘“How many authors are my ﬁrst!”’ and ‘“Me you often meet”’ are composed in the spring. 7 (Sat) The Athenaeum (p. 362) praises the ‘sincerity and earnestness’ of Girlhood. 8–9 DGR ﬁgures prominently in a special supplement of The Observer. 12 CGR composes ‘Two Pursuits’ (Crump 3:427). 28 CGR composes ‘After Death’ (Crump 1:241). She is brieﬂy visiting Mrs Marsh and her family, old friends of FMLR, who lived in Clapham. CGR writes to WMR that ‘Mr Woolner is welcome to any of my things which you have energy to copy. Only I must beg that you will not ﬁx upon any which the most imaginative person could construe into love personals you will feel how more than ever intolerable it would now be to have my verses regarded as outpourings of a wounded spirit’ (Harrison 1:16; portions of this statement are deleted, either by CGR or more probably later by WMR). She mentions that she is reading Leigh Hunt’s Men, Women, and Books (1847). In another letter to ABH, probably written on this date, she records she is reading Charles James Lever’s The Confessions of Harry Lorrequer (1839), which she likes much less than Hunt’s work. May The Free Exhibition is reviewed in The Art Journal (p. 147). The architect Nockalls Cottingham talks of buying Girlhood (PRD 213). He commissions several small designs from DGR. Other members of the PRB are exploited by him, but DGR manages to procure money in advance (WHH 1:179–81). DGR begins work on Ecce Ancilla Domini! (S.44) and ‘Hist!’, said Kate the Queen (S.53). At the suggestion of Lady Bath, CP requests DGR to execute her portrait. DGR is reluctant, anxious to put exhibition pieces ﬁrst (FLDGR 46; PRD 210; Fredeman 1:82–3). 7 (Mon) The RA exhibition, containing the other PRB paintings, opens (WHH 1:177). 15 CGR composes ‘Rest’ (Crump 1:255). 21 JEM, Woolner, DGR, WMR and Edward Latrobe Bateman present the sculptor Bernhard Smith, who leaves for

1849 45

24

30

Yorkshire on the following day before emigrating to Australia, with a RB poem inscribed by WMR, ‘Ichabod, Ichabod, the glory has departed. Travels Waring West away?’ (PRD 211). JEM, Hancock, Woolner and WHH visit the Rossettis and draw each other’s portraits (PRD 213). Woolner encourages WMR to continue his design, Maude’s Madness (ADC 18:14). DGR sends FGS a burlesque, ‘Genuine Extract from the “Diary & Letters of a Maniac”’, possibly inspired by a letter from WHH (the ‘Maniac’) (Fredeman 1:84–5).

June WMR says that, in the summer, ‘Christina’s state of health gave rise to serious anxiety’ (PWCGR 467–8). Several poems in the manuscript notebook at this period are transcribed by either FMLR or MFR. 2 (Sat) CGR composes ‘One Certainty’ (Crump 1:259). 8 CGR composes ‘Looking Forward’ (Crump 3:427). This poem is later added, untitled, to ‘Maude’. July The painter John Orchard composes two sonnets inspired by Girlhood. The PRB plan a magazine, Monthly Thoughts in Literature and Art. WMR writes a sonnet for the cover. DGR decides to travel to Paris with WHH, and, at the recommendation of Augustus Egg, to visit Ghent and Bruges. DGR also hopes to visit Wells in Brittany; this does not happen (ADC 18:14; PRD 213–16). 17 (Fri) DGR begins repainting the angel in Girlhood from a girl recommended by Collinson, and writes two stanzas of ‘La Soeur Morte’ (PRD 215–16). 18 DGR writes a bout rimé sonnet, ‘Idle Blessedness’, at Woolner’s (ADC 18:14). 23 CGR composes ‘Life Hidden’ (Crump 3:427). 25 CGR composes ‘Remember’ (Crump 1:241). 26 DGR composes ‘On the Refusal of Aid between Nations’ (PRD 216). 28 DGR plans a triptych, the two wing pictures showing the Virgin planting a lily and a rose and the Virgin in St John’s house (PRD 216–17). 29 DGR makes a preliminary sketch of the Holy Family eating Passover with Zachariah and Elizabeth for the central compartment of his triptych (PRD 217).

46 A Rossetti Family Chronology

August 13

21 22

24 25

25

26 31

(Mon) CGR composes ‘Sound Sleep’ and ‘Queen Rose’ (Crump 1:252, 3:428). CGR visits the family of Collinson at Pleasley Hill for a month (Harrison 1:25). WMR claims that Collinson ‘was not present I think even for a day’ (FLCGR 5–6); he was painting in the Isle of Wight (Marsh 101). CGR reads Anne Marsh-Caldwell’s Two Old Men’s Tales (1834) and Sarah Stickney Ellis’s Iron Rule: A Domestic Story (1836), although the latter is ‘unmitigatedly unreadable’ (Harrison 1:20–1). CGR composes ‘A Testimony’ (Crump 1:261). William Smith Williams (art critic, The Spectator), brotherin-law of Charles Jeremiah Wells, expresses enthusiasm for DGR’s proposed illustrated edition of Wells’s Joseph and his Brethren. WMR is to write a review (PRD 218). DGR begins to translate a canzone from Dante’s Il Convito (PRD 219). DGR’s Girlhood is sent off to Lady Bath, who has bought the painting for £80, probably because of CP. A daguerreotype is made (FLDGR 46; PRD 216; Fredeman 1:81). In a letter to WMR, CGR says she has added a few stanzas to her ‘dreary poem’, identiﬁed by Harrison as probably ‘Dream Land’: ‘You will easily believe that, whatever other merit it lacks, it possesses unity of purpose in a high degree’ (Harrison 1:19). Although CGR likes Mary, she is bored at Pleasley Hill and begs WMR for news and a copy of Revd Richard Harris Dalton Barham’s ‘As I Laye A-Thynkynge: The Last Lines of Thomas Ingoldsby’. She adds: ‘In my desperation I knit lace with a perseverance completely foreign to my nature […] Ah Will! If you were here we would write bouts rimés sonnets, and be subdued together’ (Harrison 1:19). WMR composes ‘Democracy Downtrodden’ (PRD 219). From Pleasley Hill, CGR’s sends the bout rimé ‘“So I began my walk of life; no stop!”’ to WMR, who had supplied the rhymes (Crump 3:508; Harrison 1:23).

September GR suffers from bronchitis (ADC 13:3). DGR works on ‘Bride-Chamber Talk’ and ‘My Sister’s Sleep’ (Fredeman 1:92–3). WMR makes substantial progress writing ‘Mrs Holmes Grey’ (ADC 18:14; PRD 216). WMR and

1849 47

DGR meet Patmore (SR 83). Herbert offers to help with the PRB magazine. Chapman & Hall and Aylott & Jones are considered as potential publishers. DGR expects to secure 250 subscribers. DGR is disappointed Patmore wants his contribution, ‘The Seasons’, to appear anonymously. DGR buys two issues of Bells and Pomegranates (Dramatic Lyrics, no. 3, March 1842, and Dramatic Romances and Lyrics, no. 7, November 1845), as well as Richard Hengist Horne’s Orion (1843), and his Death of Marlowe (1837), and a translation of Gesta Romanorum, which inspires him to write ‘The Staff and the Scrip’. Williams lends DGR a tale by Wells not in Stories after Nature and a poem by William James Linton ‘on the affairs of Rome’ (ADC 18:14; PRD 220; Fredeman 1:89–93). 11 (Tue) WMR follows Collinson to the Isle of Wight (ADC 13:3, 18:14). 13 WMR and Collinson decide to go to Ventnor. Collinson returns on 17 September (ADC 18:14). 18 CGR visits her maternal grandparents, the Polidoris, at Park Village (Harrison 1:25). 19 In a letter to WMR, CGR tells of her surprise at a letter from Mary Collinson asking for their correspondence to end because her brother’s affairs are unpromising (Harrison 1:25–6). Collinson’s blank verse poem ‘The Child Jesus’ is pronounced by CGR to be ‘very clever’. 23 WMR is named editor of the PRB magazine, now entitled Thoughts Towards Nature; WMR objects to the subtitle, ‘Conducted by Artists’. The release date is to be delayed to time with Christmas (PRD 221; Fredeman 1:98–100). 24 CGR sends the bout rimé ‘So I grew half delirious and quite sick’ to WMR (Crump 3:508; Harrison 1:27). She has read the last number of Thackeray’s Pendennis, which disappoints her. 25 CGR visits family friends, the Potters, with MFR (Harrison 1:28). WMR is invited to attend a life class at TS’s studio, Gray’s Inn Road (Fredeman 1:101). 26 CGR writes to WMR about their bouts rimés, adding, ‘My overwhelming business consists of nothing more important than needle-work and the like’ (Harrison 1:28). 27 DGR and WHH leave for France and Belgium. DGR writes ‘London to Folkestone’ (Fredeman 1:102–4). WMR objects to the name P.R.B. Journal for their magazine, many contributors being outsiders (PRD 222–3). 28 DGR writes ‘At Boulogne. Upon the Cliffs: Noon’ and ‘Boulogne to Amiens and Paris’. In Paris, they ﬁnd lodgings

48 A Rossetti Family Chronology

at 4 Rue Geoffroy Marie, Faubourg Montmartre. WMR wants to publish DGR’s verse journal in PRB magazine; DGR refuses. WMR writes 58 lines of ‘Exchange of News’ (ADC 18:14; Fredeman 1:104–6). October At Madame Charles’s laiterie, DGR and WHH are introduced to several painters through Brodie, an art student. DGR and WHH climb Notre Dame with two new acquaintances, Cotourrier and Levasseur. DGR composes a sonnet in his head (‘The Staircase of Notre Dame, Paris’). He also writes ‘Place de la Bastille’. DGR buys prints by Paul Gavarni and Albert Dürer. They go to La Gaîté to see La Sonnette du Diable, an adaptation of Frédéric Soulié’s Les Mémoires du Diable, and Théâtre Français to see Eugène Scribe and Ernest Legouvé’s Adrienne Lecouvreur (WHH 1:191; Fredeman 1:108–16). 2 (Tue) ? WMR returns to London (ADC 13:3). 3 DGR and WHH visit Luxembourg and are impressed by the paintings of Paul Delaroche, Joseph-Nicolas RobertFleury and Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, but critical of Eugène Delacroix and Jacques-Louis David. They admire the works of Fra Angelico, Van Eyck, Leonardo da Vinci, Andrea Mantegna, Titian and Théodore Géricault in the Louvre. To WHH’s disdain, DGR is full of praise for Hippolyte Flandrin in Saint-Germain-des-Prés. DGR composes ‘Sonnet to the P.R.B.’, ‘For a Venetian Pastoral, by Giorgione’, ‘For an Allegorical Dance of Women, by Andrea Mantegna’ and ‘For Ruggiero and Angelica, by Ingres’ (WHH 1:188–9; Fredeman 1:109–13). 6 CGR composes ‘Versi’ and ‘How One Chose’ (Crump 3:405, 428). 7 DGR writes ‘The Can-Can at Valentino’s’ (Fredeman 1:114). 10 CGR composes ‘Seeking Rest’, heavily deleted by DGR in manuscript (Crump 3:429). DGR makes a ﬁnal visit to the Louvre and composes a ‘Last Visit to the Louvre’ ridiculing Rubens and Antonio Correggio. Visiting the Luxembourg for the last time, he writes two sonnets in honour of Ingres’s Roger Rescuing Angelica. DGR writes three ﬁnal sonnets on ‘the mighty French metropolis’ (‘Last Sonnets at Paris’) (Fredeman 1:117). 15 DGR, leaving for Brussels with Brodie, composes ‘From Paris to Brussels’ and ‘On the Road’ (Fredeman 1:119–21).

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17

DGR composes ‘On the Road to Waterloo’, ‘A Half-Way Pause’, ‘On the Field of Waterloo’ and ‘Returning to Brussels’ (Fredeman 1:123–4). 18 DGR composes ‘L’Envoi: Brussels, Hôtel du Midi’. DGR sends WMR his recent sonnets, including ‘Amiens’ and ‘4 Hours’ (Fredeman 1:117–27). 24 DGR sends Collinson his poem ‘Between Ghent and Bruges’ (Fredeman 1:127). 25 DGR describes Bruges as ‘a stunning place’, commenting on the ‘ﬁrst-rate’ architecture and lack of Rubens. He is particularly impressed with ‘the pure religious sentiment and ecstatic poetry’ of the works of Memling in the Hospital of St John and the Royal Academy, composing ‘For a Virgin and Child, by Hans Memmelinck’ and ‘For a Marriage of St. Catherine, by the Same’ (Fredeman 1:127–9). 26 DGR sends Collinson ‘The Carillon (Antwerp and Bruges)’ (Fredeman 1:129–31). Further poems composed on this trip include: ‘On a Handful of French Money’, ‘In the Train, and at Versailles’, ‘At the Station of the Versailles Railway’, ‘Antwerp to Ghent’ and ‘Sir Peter Paul Rubens’. On their return journey, DGR composes ‘On Leaving Bruges’ and ‘Ashore at Dover’. WHH describes him as ‘a perfect traveling companion’. Back in London FMB is outraged by DGR and WHH’s views on Ary Scheffer (WHH 1:188, 193). November In Charlotte Street, CGR begins to sit for the Virgin in Ecce Ancilla Domini! (Weintraub 48). 6 (Tue) DGR, WHH and FGS inspect Queen’s House, Cheyne Walk, for communal PRB living quarters. The rent is £70. There is space for four studios. DGR, WMR and WHH want to take up residence immediately, with FGS, Collinson and perhaps Deverell joining after April (the project is abandoned as too expensive). It is decided that nothing religious or political should be allowed in the PRB magazine; ‘For the Things of these Days’ is dropped (PRD 227–9; WHH 1:193). 8 Lyell’s father dies. At the family’s request, GR sends a notice to The Literary Gazette (ADC 6:15). 10 DGR obtains a ﬁrst-ﬂoor studio, ‘the hop-shop’, at 72 Newman Street in which a dancing academy is held, at £26 rent. He invites WHH to be his co-tenant but WHH

50 A Rossetti Family Chronology

15

18 25

ﬁnds himself a studio in Bayswater (ADC 18:14; PRD 229–30; FLDGR 82–3). DGR begins work on his Passover picture, drawing Christ from the boy who modelled for Collinson’s Emigrant’s Letter. DGR asks Miss Atwell to sit for the Virgin. Major Calder Campbell, a retired ofﬁcer of the Indian army, offers to help enlist subscribers to the PRB magazine (PRD 231). DGR begins Paolo and Francesca da Rimini (S.75C, 75D). DGR plans a companion picture to Ecce Ancilla Domini! depicting the Virgin’s death (PRD 235).

December DGR continues ‘Bride-Chamber Talk’ (PRD 235–6). According to DGR in 1880, he writes ‘Hand and Soul’, with the exception of the opening pages, in one night (FredemanMS). Deverell encounters EES, the daughter of a cutler and watchmaker in the Borough, ‘a stupendously beautiful creature’ with ‘dazzling copper’ hair, working in Mrs Tozer’s milliner’s shop, Cranbourne Alley. Persuaded by Deverell’s mother, she agrees to sit for Twelfth Night. WHH and DGR are invited to meet her in his studio, Heathﬁeld House, Kew. She agrees to model for DGR’s Rossovestita (S.45) and WHH’s A Converted British Family (ADC 17:9; WHH 1:198–9; VH 1). 4 (Tue) WCT presents WMR with a list of 65 alternative titles for the PRB magazine (PRD 240). 7 WMR and DGR meet Tennyson at Patmore’s house (SR 85). 8 Maitland sits to DGR for the angel in Ecce Ancilla Domini! (PRD 235). 13 DGR shows Patmore ‘My Sister’s Sleep’. Patmore thinks it is ‘too self-conscious in parts’ and notes some lines do not scan (PRD 237). 14 DGR helps paint EES’s hair in Deverell’s Twelfth Night (PRD 237). 15 It is decided that the PRB magazine will be printed with GT and that there is sufﬁcient material for three numbers (PRD 237). 16 Maitland makes an abortive attempt at gilding the frame of Ecce Ancilla Domini! FGS draws in the perspective scale for DGR’s Giotto Painting the Portrait of Dante. WMR attempts to get subscribers through Armitage, a clergyman JEM met in Oxford (ADC 18:14; PRD 238). 19 A PRB meeting is held in DGR’s studio. The Tupper brothers, Deverell, Hancock, WCT and FMB are present. Woolner pro-

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27 28 30

poses they publish anonymously. WMR objects. WCT suggests the magazine be entitled Germ or Scroll. The former is agreed upon by a majority of six to four. DGR is working hard completing ‘Hand and Soul’ for the ﬁrst number (PRD 239). Proofs of Germ are completed. Due to the length of ‘Hand and Soul’ WCT’s opening address is omitted (PRD 241–2). DGR writes ‘Lines and Music’ (PRD 243). WMR poses to DGR for the head of Gabriel (PRD 244).

1850 In the early 1850s the Rossettis befriend Louisa Parke, governess (and later spiritualist medium), through Thomas Keightley (Marsh 344). CGR (c.1850) Woolner pronounces that CGR is combative – something which WMR agrees with in retrospect, although with some modiﬁcation: ‘she was ready, and even pleased, to concede anything that was asked of her, except when a point of principle was involved – and then she was inﬂexible’ (Harrison 4:185). WBS writes that around this time ‘a sort of artisans’ drawing-class, in opposition to the Board of Trade Schools of Design, is begun in Camden Town’ by FMB and that CGR is among the pupils (Minto 1:279). CGR makes a red chalk drawing of DGR (ADC 18:4). Composition includes ‘Maude’, in progress (Harrison 1:49). Publication CGR contributes the puzzles ‘New Enigmas’ and ‘Charades’ in Marshall’s Ladies’ Daily Remembrancer. For 1850 (Crump 3:358). DGR urges Woolner to give up sculpture for painting. He suggests FMB as a PRB member; WHH objects because of his Nazarene connections (WHH 1:223–7, 247). Bernhard Smith is considered (FLDGR 83). WMR believes DGR ﬁrst falls in love with EES (ADC 17:9). Literary composition includes ‘Autumn Idleness’, ‘Sacrament Hymn’, ‘Dennis Shand’, ‘The Mirror’ and ‘Verses to John L. Tupper’. The following notices by DGR are included in articles by WMR published in The Critic: ‘J.C. Hook: The Departure of the Chevalier Bayard from Brescia’, ‘Anthony: The Rival’s Wedding’, ‘Branwhite’, ‘Lucy’, ‘F.R. Pickersgill’, ‘C.H. Lear’, ‘Kennedy’, ‘Cope’, ‘Landseer’ and ‘Marochetti’ (WDGR xxv, xxviii, xxxiv, xxxvi, 680). DGR adds six stanzas to ‘The Blessed Damsel’ (now ‘Blessed Damozel’), and omits stanza 11 (BD ix). Translation includes section from Roman de la Rose (WDGR xxxv). Pictorial work includes • Watercolour Rossovestita (S.45); Borgia (S.48); EES (S.458), 1850–65. • Pencil, Pen, Ink Benedick and Beatrice (S.46); ‘To Caper Nimbly in a Lady’s Chamber’ (S.47); study of dancing girl (S.48A) modelled on

52 A Rossetti Family Chronology

Miss Mead; La Belle Dame sans Merci (S.76A); Salutation of Beatrice (S.116A); Boat of Love (S.239G); CGR (S.425); CGR (S.427), c.1850s; Woolner (S.538); Parable of Love (S.668); ‘The Duenna’ (S.675, S.675A), c.1850–52; Painter at Work (S.677), c.1850–52 (Boyce 29). DGR begins an etching illustrating ‘St Agnes of Intercession’ (uncompleted); JEM produces an alternative (neither published). Thomas Creswick proposes PRB publish volume of original illustrations (Fredeman 1:145–6). Criticism Punch (vol. 18, p. 240) calls the PRB ‘dear silly boys’. GR’s antipathy to Mazzini, whom he blames for the failure of Italian independence and of whose insurrections and republicanism he disapproves, means that many of his Italian circle no longer visit in the winter of 1850–51, much to GR’s bitterness (Waller 70–1). WMR In 1850s WMR becomes involved with an American exhibition of British Art (SR 394). Meets CBC, an Italian pupil of GR (PRD 280). WMR has some paid literary employment, but continues to work in the Excise Ofﬁce (PWCGR li). Often passes his annual vacation with LNS and WBS between 1850 and 1862 (when the Scotts move to London) (SR 133). Publication Reviewer for Critic 1850–58 (Peattie xviii); The Spectator (1850–58). Between February 1850 and June 1878 WMR writes over 372 art notices, including reviews of major London exhibitions (AN 79) January CGR’s ‘Dream Land’ and ‘An End’, DGR’s ‘Hand and Soul’ and ‘My Sister’s Sleep’, and WMR’s ‘The First Season’ and his review of Arthur Hugh Clough’s ‘Bothie of Toper-na-fuosich’ are published anonymously in Germ (no. 1). The group pays for advertisements in The Athenaeum and engages friends to help with promotion and distribution of 700 copies. Sir Robert Peel and Lord John Russell are among the authors, literary editors and private gentlemen sent copies. DGR and WMR are introduced to John Abraham Heraud (poet and dramatic critic, The Athenaeum) and G. Bellamy (son of Secretary to the National Club), who works at the British Museum. Contributions are received from Major Robert Calder Campbell (army ofﬁcer in the East India Company) and H. Clapp Jones (American correspondent). WHH and WMR argue over the PRB, WHH vehemently wanting to remain closed to outsiders (ADC 18:9; PRD 245–50; SR 297). JEM sends James Wyatt and his Granddaughter to the British Institution, accompanied with a sonnet by WMR (it is returned; PRD 247, 254). DGR continues to write ‘Bride-Chamber Talk’ (ADC 18:14). WMR ﬁrst

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meets the six-year old LMB, at FMB’s house warming at Clipstone Street, Portland Place (SR 1:136). For most of this month, CGR visits Longleat House in Somerset (where CP is governess to Lady Louisa, daughter of the widowed Marchioness) partly to recuperate from her cough. Throughout this period she writes letters expressing her acute interest in the Germ (Marsh 108). 12 (Sat) Germ is reviewed in The Spectator (p. 43). 14 CGR informs ABH that she has seen DGR’s Girlhood ‘hung much too high’ in Lady Bath’s sitting room (Harrison 1:30). CGR writes to WMR about the selection of her poems for the Germ, adding ‘I rely on your discretion’. The stay in the country has not induced her ‘to gush poetry’ (Harrison 1:30–1). 15 WBS sends DGR ‘Early Aspirations’ and ‘Morning Sleep’ for Germ (PRD 247). WMR writes on ‘British Institution’ in The Critic (pp. 102–3; 1 March, pp. 27–8). 16 DGR begins a sketch for WMR’s ‘Plain Story of Life’ (PRD 247). 18 CGR sends WMR a short poem, ‘“On the note you do not send me”’, as an ‘admonitory stanza’ to be passed to DGR (Crump 3:509; Harrison 1:32). CGR dislikes Poe’s ‘Annabel Lee’, sent to her by WMR (Harrison 1:32–4). 19 Germ is reviewed in The Builder (p. 34) and less favourably in The Literary Gazette (p. 47). CGR writes to ABH of her unease about the Germ’s success: ‘My chief fear regarding it may be somewhat heavy. If an amusing tale could regularly come out in each number, it seems to me its prospects might improve’ (Harrison 1:33). 20 DGR writes a comic sonnet, ‘St Wagnes’ Eve’, and sends it to CGR (FLDGR 83). 25 CGR writes to WMR: ‘Do not think the Germ fails to interest me: indeed the forthcoming number is continually in my thoughts’. She is reading Montalembert’s life of St Elizabeth with Lady Bath, in the hope that it will assist Collinson’s projected painting The Renunciation of Queen Elizabeth of Hungary (Harrison 1:34). 27 It is decided that future Germ articles will not be anonymous. DGR invents the pseudonym Ellen Alleyn for CGR (PRD 250–1). 29 WMR visits Heraud and meets Isabella Glyn (actress), George Patten (painter), Hervey (editor, The Athenaeum) and JWM (PRD 251).

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31

GT gives WMR a bill for Germ (no. 1) for £18 2s 6d (PRD 252). CGR writes to WMR suggesting there should be more prose and less poetry in Germ and, to ensure healthy sales, he should publish her letters ‘hinting that I occupy a high situation in B-ck-m P-l-e’ for ‘an immense sensation’. Lady Bath has encouraged her to read Goldsmith’s Deserted Village (1770) and Traveller (1764), both of which she admires for their beauty (Harrison 1:37).

February CGR’s ‘A Pause of Thought’, ‘Song’ and ‘A Testimony’ (under pseudonym Ellen Alleyn), DGR’s ‘Blessed Damozel’ and WMR’s ‘Fancies at Leisure’ and his review of A. Fellowes’s Strayed Reveller (1849) are published in Germ (no. 2). There are positive and unsolicited reviews in Morning Chronicle, Morning Post, Bell’s Weekly Messenger, Art Journal, Despatch and John Bull, the last thanks to Bellamy (Ghose 26–7). Robert Dickinson agrees to take on publication of Germ. WMR accepts the unpaid position of art reviewer for The Critic (until November; continues with literary reviews into next year). DGR revises ‘Dante at Verona’. He objects to its inclusion in Germ. WMR, Bridgman, Bliss and Harris experiment with mesmerism (PRD 254–63; SR 96, 101). 2 (Sat) A PRB meeting is held at DGR’s. It is felt that the Germ is unlikely to reach many further issues. Approximately 165 copies have been sold, resulting in expenses to each 1 member of £1 15s 5 4 d (PRD 254). 7 CGR composes ‘Twilight Calm’ (Crump 1:250). 18 CGR’s narrative poem ‘An Argument’ (retitled ‘Repining’) is considered for Germ. JLT thinks very highly of it, but WMR regards it as ‘not quite up to the mark’ (PRD 259; NRW 259). CGR composes ‘A Year Afterwards’ (Crump 3:429). 23 DGR proposes to changing Germ’s title to The Artist (PRD 261–2). March CGR’s ‘Sweet Death’, DGR’s ‘From the Cliffs: Noon’ and ‘Carillon’, and WMR’s ‘Cordelia’ and review of George John Cayley’s Some Account of the Life and Adventures of Sir Reginald Mohun (1849) are published in Germ (no. 3), now called Art and Poetry: Being Thoughts Towards Nature, at the suggestion of GT. WMR and DGR come in contact with R. H. Horne. DGR and WMR are disappointed by Samuel Carter Hall’s

1850 55

pompous and patronising review in Art Journal (p. 96), despite personal compliments in January. Messrs White and Lambert and a new model suggested by Cross sit to DGR for Ecce Ancilla Domini! The hair of the Virgin is painted from Miss Love, a professional model. DGR signs the picture. DGR designs an etching of ‘Hand and Soul’ for Germ. Printed by Shenton, results prove unsatisfactory. DGR scratches over plate (PRD 250, 263–6, 270–1; Surtees 12). 2 (Sat) CGR composes ‘“Blessed are they that mourn for they shall be comforted”’, lines 1–7 of which are published in a separate poem entitled ‘“What is it Jesus saith unto the soul?”’ in Time Flies and Verses (1893) (Crump 2:461). 15 Calder Campbell favourably reviews Germ in The Critic (p. 94) under the pseudonym Edward William Cox. 16 CGR composes ‘Two Thoughts of Death’ (Crump 3:430). 21 DGR begins ‘An Autopsychology’ (later ‘St Agnes of Intercession’) (PRD 267–8). 23 CGR composes ‘Three Moments’ (Crump 3:430). Between this date and 10 May 1850, CGR probably composes ‘Is and Was’, retitled in a fair copy manuscript ‘Once’ (Crump 3:431). 28 GT arranges for Aylott & Jones to become joint-publishers with Dickinsons of Germ (PRD 270). April Deverell assists DGR as he brings Ecce Ancilla Domini! to completion. DGR sends it with Rossovestita to the National Institution, Portland Gallery, Regent Street, while other PRB members send to the RA, causing resentment (PRD 271–3; Surtees 13). 7 (Sun) WMR poses for WHH’s Converted Family (PRD 271–2). 13 The Free Exhibition at the National Institution opens. DGR’s Ecce Ancilla Domini! is hung in the same room as Deverell’s Twelfth Night (Parris 73). It remains unsold at 50 guineas and receives hostile reviews. Dr Waagen in A Glance at the Exhibition vehemently denounces the PRB (PRD 273–4). According to WHH, DGR decides never to exhibit in public again (WHH 1:204, 210). 14 The Observer (p. 5) gives a short but positive mention of Ecce Ancilla Domini! 15 The Times (p. 5) praises Ecce Ancilla Domini! WMR’s ‘Exhibition of the Society of British Artists’ appears in The Critic (pp. 199–200).

56 A Rossetti Family Chronology

20

Builder (p. 184) gives an appreciative review of Ecce Ancilla Domini! but The Athenaeum (p. 424) describes it as an ‘unintelligent imitation of the mere technicalities of old art’. WMR describes the review, probably by Frank Stone, as ‘a savage assault’. DGR’s reply is not published (PRD 274).

May DGR’s ‘Pax Vobis’ and six ‘Sonnets for Pictures’ and WMR’s ‘To the Castle Ramparts’, ‘Jesus Wept’ and review of RB’s Christmas Eve and Easter Day are published in Art and Poetry (no. 4). Placards advertising the magazine are positioned outside the RA to boost sales but the magazine sells only 104 copies and fails to reach a ﬁfth issue, leaving GT a bill of £33 (PRD 272). 4 (Sat) In The Illustrated London News Angus B. Reach reveals the meaning of ‘PRB’, informed by Munro who had coaxed the information from DGR. The Spectator (p. 427) criticises the group as going back to ‘the days of puerile crudity’. The Times, Examiner, Daily News and Household Words are equally hostile (PRD 273; WHH 1:199–200). 9 The Times (p. 5) condemns the PRB. 10 CGR composes parts 1 and 3 of ‘Three Nuns’ (Crump 3:432) (13/20) (Whit Monday) Collinson announces his resignation from the PRB: ‘I love and reverence God’s faith, and I love His holy Saints; and cannot bear any longer the selfaccusation that, to gratify a little vanity, I am helping to dishonour them’ (PRD 275–6). DGR suggests that Deverell replace Collinson as a member of the PRB but objections are raised (PRD 276). 14 CGR composes ‘Song (“We buried her among the ﬂowers”)’ (Crump 3:434). 25 CGR composes ‘The Watchers’ (Crump 3:435). June 1

15

(Sat) Frank Stone publishes a mocking article on PreRaphaelitism in The Athenaeum (pp. 590–1). Patmore writes supportively in The Guardian (p. 396) praising the group’s ‘earnestness’. A positive review of Germ appears in The Critic, probably inﬂuenced by WMR. DGR’s ‘Pax Vobis’ is quoted in full. Charles Dickens ridicules the PRB in Household Words (pp. 265–7). JEM’s parents blame DGR for the attacks (WHH 1:219–20).

1850 57

July Blackwood’s Magazine (p. 82) accuses the PRB of ‘Affectation’. August DGR reworks Ecce Ancilla Domini! and offers to sell it for £40. There are no buyers. DGR relies on the ﬁnancial support of WMR and other relatives. He paints small watercolours to sell to friends and artists (WHH 1:210). CGR probably by now ceases personal relations with Collinson (Harrison 1:41; SR 73). WMR states ‘he had […] struck a staggering blow at Christina Rossetti’s peace of mind on the very threshold of womanly life, and a blow from which she did not fully recover for years’ (PWCGR lii). 1 (Thu) CGR and FMLR are in Brighton for the month, where FMLR is recuperating. While at Brighton, CGR suffers an acute attack of neuralgic migraine, which she blamed on the resort but may be due to emotional stress at the break with Collinson (Marsh 117; Harrison 1:40). 8 CGR clandestinely writes to WMR at his ofﬁce, asking for news of Collinson’s health and his picture St Elizabeth (Harrison 1:40–1). 14 CGR tells ABH that ‘Our days in Brighton bear a strong resemblance to each other. Generally they include the same number of walks, and much the same round of occupations: writing or receiving a letter is something of an event’ (Harrison 1:42). She reiterates the monotonous routine in a letter to WMR and adds that she is reading the ﬁrst volume of Sir Austen Henry Layard’s Ninevah and Its Remains (1848–49) and MFR reads a life of Crabbe and a book on China (Harrison 1:42). 28 WMR, visiting Edinburgh, ﬁnds accommodation at 429 Lawn Market (ADC 13:3). September MMP helps DGR out ﬁnancially when DGR’s tenant at Newman Street, a dancing master, leaves without paying the rent and DGR’s furniture is seized by the landlord, Mr McQueen. JEM and FGS play a trick on JLT and AT, pretending EES is WHH’s wife. DGR makes JEM apologise. DGR goes to see Leigh Hunt’s Legend of Florence at Sadler’s Wells in which the ‘godlike’ Isabella Glyn (actress) stars. WMR visits Loch Lomond and WBS in Newcastle (SR 343–4; Fredeman 1:151–4).

58 A Rossetti Family Chronology

26

(Thu) CGR composes ‘Annie (“Annie is fairer than her kith”)’ (Crump 3:435).

October WMR is appointed art editor to The Spectator (salary £50 p/a) (SR 96–8). In the autumn, through Woolner, the Rossettis meet Charles and Eliza Orme (sister of Patmore), a prosperous distilling family at Avenue Road, Regent’s Park. CGR is friendly with the daughters Helen and Rosalind. DGR and WMR often spend evenings in their home, sometimes accompanied by CGR (Fredeman 1:222, 225; SR 89; Marsh 128–9). 23 (Wed) DGR, FGS and WHH go on a painting trip to Knole Park, Sevenoaks, Kent. They stay at Mrs Hearnden’s, High Street (WHH 1:236–7; Fredeman 1:155). 24 DGR attempts to paint the background for Meeting of Dante and Beatrice in the Garden of Eden out of doors but is hampered by rain. He abandons painting to write. He begins a drawing from Philip van Artevelde (WHH 1:237; Fredeman 1:155–7). 29 James Hannay, author and journalist, claims Bon Gaultier (Sir Theodore Martin) is ‘a wild admirer’ of DGR’s Girlhood sonnet and has been distributing it among friends (PRD 281). November Woolner joins DGR, WHH and FGS in Kent. DGR’s writes ‘A Young Fir-Wood’, ‘Between Ightham and Sevenoaks’, a parody of Poe’s Ulalume, a large number of translations from early Italian poets, and begins ‘The Burden of Nineveh’. JEM urges Charles Collins’s admission into PRB. WMR and Woolner oppose. DGR moves into a new studio at 76 Newman Street (Fredeman 1:136). WMR replaces Williams as art critic for The Spectator (£40–50 p/a) (PRD 281–9; WDGR 666, 680). 3 (Sun) Patmore gives the PRB a general invitation to his home on alternate Saturdays (PRD 282). 10 WMR poses for FMB’s Seeds and Fruits of English Poetry (PRD 286–7). 13 DGR returns from Kent (PRD 287). 21 CGR composes Part I of ‘A Portrait’ originally entitled ‘St Elizabeth of Hungary’ (Crump 1:272). December DGR reviews the exhibition of modern British art at the Old WaterColour Gallery for The Critic (WDGR 680). DGR repaints heads of angel

1850–1851 59

and Virgin (and left hand of angel) in Ecce Ancilla Domini! (PRD 289–90). 1 (Sun) Tennyson returns DGR’s translation of Vita Nuova, describing it as strong and earnest but disﬁgured by cockney rhymes (PRD 289). 2 WMR and WHH talk of establishing a PRB household (PRD 289–90). 10 DGR begins drawing from the model at TS’s (PRD 291–2). 27 The Rossetti family move from 50 Charlotte Street to 38 Arlington Street, Mornington Crescent (PRD 292). Dodsworth converts to Roman Catholicism, leaving Christ Church parish in turmoil. MFR believes that the curate, Edward Stuart, ‘stemmed the tide, and with undaunted courage rallied the fainting hearts of the congregation, and patiently stood ﬁrm at his post’ (Wordsworth 138, 234).

1851 Establishment of the Society of All Saints of the Poor, primarily a nursing order. The order promotes a mixed life, permitting Anglican women to work among the poor with the support of an all-female community (Mumm xv). CBC begins to publish his terza rime translation of Dante’s Divine Comedy, 4 vols (1851–55). CGR’s health is poor since engagement to Collinson broken. In 1851–52, CGR assists FMLR in a small day school at Arlington Street that fails to bring in sufﬁcient income (PWCGR li). MFR is sent out as a daily governess, mostly teaching Italian (Bell 24). CGR, MFR and FMLR ‘in sympathy’ with Anglo-Catholicism (SR 108). Composition includes ‘Song (“It is not for her even brow”)’ (Crump 3:436). DGR Patmore recalls that around this time DGR sells ‘a little drawing of a girl and boy dancing before Borgia for £5’. Not long afterwards RMM asks Patmore to buy it for him for £100 (Champneys 1:84). EES begins to model exclusively for DGR. Over the next seven years DGR draws EES’s features obsessively (Surtees 189). WMR thinks DGR becomes engaged to EES (ADC 17:9). DGR does not exhibit with the PRB and drifts apart from the group in aims and ideals. According to William Davies, DGR is reacquainted with James Smetham, who he ﬁrst meets as a student at the RA (Smetham 26). DGR visits Charles

60 A Rossetti Family Chronology

Donovan, a leading phrenologist in King William IV Street, to see celebrity busts. DGR reads the whole New Testament (WHH 1:257, 261, 266–7, 307; Millais 1:52–5). Literary composition includes ﬁrst version of ‘Sister Helen’, ‘During Music’ and the unﬁnished prose ‘Deuced Odd; Or the Devil’s In It’. Begins ‘The Staff and Scrip’ (WDGR xxiii, xxviii, xxxvi, 681). Pictorial work includes • Oil ‘Hist!’, said Kate the Queen (S.49). • Watercolour Beatrice Meeting Dante at a Marriage Feast, Denies him her Salutation (S.50). • Pencil, Pen, Ink, Sepia Beatrice Meeting Dante at a Marriage Feast (S.50A); Return of Tibullus to Delia (S.62A, S.62B, S.62C); How They Met Themselves (S.118); Bethlehem Gate (S.159B); WHH (S.340); Three Fates (S.589); WHH (S.591), c.1851–53; JEM (S.592), c.1851–53. • Woodblock engraving Illustration to Longfellow’s ‘Nuremberg’ (FRC 71a). Criticism In the new edition of Modern Painters (vol. 2) Ruskin inserts a note in favour of PRB but comments on their unfortunate name. TPR arrives in London from Italy, looking for work. He returns c.1856 (FLM 34). WMR moves to the Inland Revenue, Somerset House (SR 53). JEM thinks WMR ‘has now no chance of taking to painting’ (WHH 1:266–7). January DGR and Deverell share studio space at 17 Red Lion Square. Their landlord North, father of William North, charges them £4 4s 0d per month and stipulates ‘models are to be kept under some gentlemanly restraint’ (PRD 291). 13 (Mon) A PRB meeting is held at WHH’s to discuss the possibility of new members and to clarify the rules of the group. DGR and Woolner are absent. It is decided to hold regular meetings on the ﬁrst Friday of every month, with a system of ﬁning of 2s 6d to be introduced for absentees. The group’s art is to be reviewed annually. WMR is to keep a regular journal. JEM objects to the name PRB (PRD 292–3). 18 CGR composes ‘A Dirge’ (Crump 3:435). February DGR designs a woodcut of a monk painting with other monks looking on. It is never cut. He carries out translation work for Memoirs and Correspondence of Mallet du Pan (1852). He hopes to sell a small paint-

1851 61

ing, possibly Beatrice Meeting Dante at a Marriage Feast, to Lord Spencer Compton and First Anniversary of the Death of Beatrice to Thomas Combe (superintendent, Clarendon Press). CP continues to offer DGR ﬁnancial support (FLDGR 86–7; Fredeman 1:166–8). 7 (Fri) The second PRB meeting under the new system is held at JEM’s. All are present, an event that has not occurred for months. New rules are drawn up, including WHH’s suggestion that new members should be subject to yearly re-election by ballot (PRD 295). Henry William Burrows becomes the vicar of Christ Church (Wordsworth 138). March DGR has a commission with WHH to illustrate Longfellow’s poems. Deverell thinks WMR is avoiding DGR who is constantly demanding money (Hueffer 75–6). WMR sits to Deverell for Hamlet. Carlyle models for a medallion by Woolner and spends the evenings in the company of the PRB (PRD 295). April GR suffers a stroke leading to false rumours of his death in Italy (Fredeman 1:163). DGR and WMR pose for FMB’s Geoffrey Chaucer Reading to Edward III and his Court. Munro introduces Arthur Hughes to DGR (Brown 74; Hueffer 69, 72). DGR reviews Nicholl’s readings from Shakespeare’s Othello, Macbeth and Merchant of Venice at the Music Hall, Stoic Street on 15–17 April for The Spectator (ADC 18:10). 26 (Sat) WMR anonymously defends PRB pictures in the RA in The Spectator (p. 403). May DGR reviews Calder Campbell’s Three Trials of Loide (1851) (ADC 18:9). Edward Blanchard, sub-editor of The Leader, approaches DGR about contributing art notices (Fredeman 1:172). 2 (Fri) WMR visits the private view of the RA exhibition, having obtained a ticket through The Spectator. He admires Collins’s Convent Thoughts, declaring that he has ‘a strong claim to PRBhood’ and notes FMB’s Chaucer attracts much attention. He ﬁnds Chorley, musical critic of The Athenaeum, in ‘ecstasies of amusement’ at the works of the PRB (PRD 297–8). 6 WMR writes a review of the scriptural and historical works in the RA exhibition (Spectator, 10 May [p. 451], 17 May [pp. 475–6]). The editor of The Spectator comments on

62 A Rossetti Family Chronology

7

9

10

13

14 15

c.16

30

31

WMR’s bias towards the PRB. DGR attends a lecture by James Hannay at the Eclectic Club on ‘making the nigger work’ (ADC 18:15; PRD 298). The Times criticises the PRB for their ‘monkish follies’ (p. 8). Persuaded by JEM, Patmore speaks to Ruskin about defending the group (Champneys 1:85). DGR sends WMR a notice on P. F. Poole’s Goths in Italy, for insertion into WMR’s review of the RA exhibition in The Spectator (17 May, pp. 475–6). DGR also contributes a review of FMB’s Chaucer (10 May, p. 451) (PRD 302; FLDGR 90). Ruskin writes a letter in defence of the PRB for The Times (Champneys 1:85). DGR, JEM, WHH and possibly WMR attend a public display of hypnotism, electro-biology, carried out by Dr Marshall Hall (or an Irish American who DGR refers to as ‘the Pink Owl’). WHH informs WMR, DGR and Hannay that Ruskin (actually his father) wants to buy JEM’s Return of the Dove to the Ark (already sold). The PRB propose asking him to make a public statement about their art (PRD 299; FLDGR 90; Fredeman 1:173). Ruskin’s ﬁrst letter defending the PRB appears in The Times (p. 8). WMR approves of Ruskin’s analysis of Pre-Raphaelitism but contemplates sending a letter refuting the group’s ‘Romanist and Tractarian tendencies’ (PRD 299–302). CGR composes ‘A Dream’ (Crump 3:436). Patmore suggests a letter of thanks be written to Ruskin but WMR is anxious not to be seen to inﬂuence Ruskin’s second letter. GT, who is winding up the ﬁnancial affairs of Germ, tells WMR he is £30 out of pocket (PRD 302–3). DGR accepts FMB’s offer to share his studio at 17 Newman Street, having put in his notice to quit Red Lion Square (PRD 305; Fredeman 1:163). Ruskin publishes his second letter in defence of the PRB in The Times (p. 8). An editorial reply also appears in The Times: ‘If we spoke with severity […] it was with a sincere desire to induce them, if possible, to relinquish what is absurd, morbid, and offensive in their works’ (p. 8). Ruskin’s championing of the PRB is mocked by Punch (vol. 20, p. 219). WMR writes a further anonymous notice in support of the PRB in his RA review in The Spectator (pp. 523–4);

1851 63

includes DGR’s notice of WHH’s Valentine Rescuing Sylvia from Proteus. June 9 15 21

(Mon) A hostile review of the PRB appears in The Athenaeum (p. 609). CGR composes ‘The Three Enemies’ (Crump 1:258). CGR composes ‘A Summer Wish’ (Crump 1:243).

July CGR is at Longleat until mid-August for her health, as a guest of Lady Bath (Harrison 1:49). 21 (Mon) CGR returns to writing her short story ‘Maude’; she tells WMR that Lady Bath dislikes the ‘commonplaces of conversation’, but approves of the poetry. She has been reading Scott’s Legend of Montrose (1819) and hearing CP read from her journals of travel to Europe (Harrison 1:48). 28 CGR writes to WMR that ‘Maude’ ‘is lying perdu in a drawer, several removes from undergoing a revise. Perhaps I shall some day produce something better in the ﬁrst instance’ (Harrison 1:49). August Volume 1 of CBC’s terza rima translation of Dante’s Divine Comedy is published; he gives a copy to WMR. DGR terms it ‘by far the best translation of Dante’s Comedy yet accomplished’. DGR works on Beatrice Meeting Dante at a Marriage Feast (shown at a small exhibition [FLDGR 91]) and Return of Tibullus to Delia. CP sends him more money. Lady Bath suggests he exhibits Ecce Ancilla Domini! in Liverpool. DGR feels it would not be understood and dreads the disgrace of having it returned unsold (Fredeman 1:176, 181–4). 13 (Fri) Ruskin’s pamphlet Pre-Raphaelitism is published. It omits any reference to DGR. A critical review of Ruskin’s defence of the PRB appears in The Daily News. At Hannay’s DGR meets the Pennsylvanian poet and painter Thomas Buchanan Read; through him he is introduced to the Brownings (Fredeman 1:177). 17 WMR goes to stay with the WBS family in Newcastle. He then stays in Carlisle, visiting Wetheral, and travels on to Penrith, Kendal, Windermere and Gloucester. The remainder of his holiday is spent with HFP (ADC 13:3).

64 A Rossetti Family Chronology

18

23

25

30

DGR covers for him at The Spectator, writing reviews of ‘The Modern Pictures of all Countries at Lichﬁeld House’ (30 August, pp. 835–7) and ‘Exhibition of Sketches and Drawings in Pall Mall East’ (6 September, pp. 859–60). He refuses to write further notices including a review of Pocock’s ‘Exhibition of Sketches’ at the Old WaterColour Society, because he does not want to bump into Academicians (WDGR 681; Fredeman 1:182–3). CGR writes to ABH that her visit to Longleat has been recuperative, but that she is ‘so little able to encounter the fatigue of a walk’ (Harrison 1:50). Unfavourable reviews of Ruskin’s defence of the PRB appear in The Economist (p. 933), The Athenaeum (pp. 908–9) and Leader (Ghose 50). CGR writes to WMR: ‘I have written nothing whole since you left, but have begun a piece that, I fancy, may prove nice’ (Harrison 1:51). DGR sends his translation of Vita Nuova to GR’s friend, printer and author John Edward Taylor, for criticism. He hopes to have it published by Murray (Fredeman 1:163, 178–9). CGR composes ‘“A fair World tho’ a fallen.”—’ (Crump 3:436). DGR asks WMR to mention him in his article on Ruskin and Pre-Raphaelitism, particularly the independent treatment of his religious subjects. DGR sends Deverell a cartoon of Read ‘spouting Inez among us as of old’. He writes, ‘I am not doing anything and probably shall cut Art as it is too much trouble’ (Fredeman 1:181–3).

September Robert Stephen Rintoul, founder of The Spectator, requires WMR to rewrite his paper on the PRB (Fredeman 1:184–5). 20 (Sat) Ruskin and the PRB are criticised in The Literary Gazette. 23 A further hostile report of Ruskin’s defence of the PRB appears in The Builder. October CGR publishes ‘Versi’ in the magazine The Bouquet, Culled from Marylebone Gardens (p. 175), with the pseudonym ‘Calta’ (Crump 3:405).

1851–1852 65

WHH and JEM paint over the summer and late autumn at Worcester Park Farm. FMB and WMR visit. WMR models for the head of John in FMB’s Christ Washing Peter’s Feet (WHH 1:277, 302, 306). DGR and CGR also model. Hueffer and FGS believe CGR models for St John but CGR denies this. WMR thinks the sitter is Deverell (Hueffer 81–2; Parris 101). 4 (Sat) WMR, ‘Pre-Raphaelitism’, Spectator (pp. 955–7). c.21 DGR is surprised to learn from WMR that WHH and JEM have been commissioned by Combe to paint in Palestine. He wants to accompany them (Fredeman 1:186). November According to JEM’s biographer, DGR visits Worcester Park Farm with FMB (Millais 1:56). DGR makes a sketch for Return of Tibullus to Delia (S.62C). CFM believes the model to be EMB (questioned by Surtees 24). A critical review of Ruskin’s defence of the PRB appears in Art Journal (pp. 285–6). December CGR publishes ‘L’Incognita’, in The Bouquet, Culled from Marylebone Gardens (p. 216), with the pseudonym ‘Calta’ (Crump 3:405). 1 (Mon) CGR composes ‘“Behold, I stand at the door and knock”’ (Crump 3:361). 12 CGR composes ‘Advent’ (Crump 3:436).

1852 Memoirs and Correspondence of Mallet du Pan is published with translations by DGR, WMR, CGR and MFR; the principal work is by Benjamin H. Paul (FLDGR 87). CGR Composition includes the prose story ‘Nick’ (later published in her prose collection Commonplace) (Bell 273). DGR During the ﬁrst part of the year DGR shares The Hermitage, West Hill, Highgate Rise, with Bateman (Surtees 18). Through Patmore, DGR visits and dines with the newly married Tennyson at Twickenham (Champneys 1:85). From 1852 to 1854 DGR and JEM meet infrequently (Millais 1:55). DGR occasionally attends Wells Street Church, Oxford Street, with FMLR, CGR and MFR (Fredeman 1:213).

66 A Rossetti Family Chronology

Literary composition includes ‘Broken Music’, ‘On the Vita Nuova of Dante’ and ‘“Uncle Ned”: Parody’. Finishes ‘The Staff and Scrip’ (WDGR xxiii, xxviii, xxxiv). Pictorial work includes • Oil Two Mothers (S.53). • Watercolour Giotto Painting the Portrait of Dante (S.54). • Pencil, Pen, Ink Virgin Mary being Comforted (S.51) for Bateman; Maries at the Foot of the Cross (S.52); Dante at Verona (S.55); Meeting of Dante and Beatrice in Paradise (S.116E, F); EP (S.409); EES (S.459–60); ‘Uncle Tom’ (S.593); Munros’ Maid (S.687); Annunciation (S.688). Miss Nicholl, probably a professional model, sits to DGR, possibly for Hesterna Rosa (S.57). DGR draws a picture of the eldest Orme daughter, Emily Rosaline (FRC 48a). Criticism E. V. Rippingille’s Obsoletism in Art, a hostile reaction to Pre-Raphaelitism, is published and dedicated to Prince Albert. GR Publication L’Arpa Evangelica. WMR earns £80 p/a at Inland Revenue ofﬁce at Somerset House (Boyce 73n). WMR is presented with an 1848 oil study of A Gleaner by Mark Anthony. He visits Warwick, Stratford and Kenilworth (ADC 13:3, 18:4). Composition includes possibly beginning work on his blank verse translation of Dante’s Inferno (SR 308). January 20 28

(Tue) CGR composes ‘All Saints’ (Crump 3:437). DGR draws Young Man (S.678) and Woman in Evening Dress (S.679).

February WMR hears Mazzini address the Friends of Italy (Marsh 135). March 3 11

(Wed) GPB buys DGR’s Borgia (S.48) for ﬁve guineas (Boyce 7). DGR organises a farewell gathering for North who is leaving for America (Fredeman 1:192).

April Instalments of CGR’s epistolary novel, Corrispondenzia Famigliare, begin publication in The Bouquet, Culled from Marylebone Gardens (further instalments June–August) (Marsh 133).

1852 67

May 1 June 13 16

(Sat) CGR composes ‘“Eye hath not seen”’ (Crump 3:437).

(Sun) CGR composes ‘“A bruised reed shall He not break”’ (Crump 1:257). CGR composes ‘St. Elizabeth of Hungary’ and ‘Moonshine’ (Crump 3:437–8).

July (c.July) CGR sits for the face of Christ in WHH’s Light of the World, chaperoned by FMLR (Weintraub 65). Towards the end of this month and into August, CGR stays with Swynfen Jervis in Darlaston Hall, Staffordshire. She visits Chester, rambles in Trent Wood, hunts for ferns, goes on a picnic, tutors one of Jervis’s daughters in conversational Italian and practises drawing. She is shy with the company, but able to leave London because there are so few pupils in the school (Harrison 1:54–7; FLCGR 20–1). 15 (Thu) Woolner leaves for Australia on a gold-digging expedition accompanied by Bernhard Smith and Edward Latrobe Bateman, nephew of Lieutenant-Governor of Victoria. DGR, WMR, WHH and FMB travel to Gravesend with them (Fredeman 1:195–6). Shortly before Woolner’s departure, DGR draws his portrait (S.539). 30 CGR writes to WMR that she is ‘heartily glad’ of WHH’s success in the sale of The Hireling Shepherd and, with characteristic humour, that ‘I will paint a picture on considerably lower terms, if he would kindly name this to his patrons’ (Harrison 1:56). August CGR’s contribution to The Bouquet ends abruptly, Marsh suggests because the social gulf between CGR and the aristocratic editors was too uncomfortable (Marsh 135). In ‘Pre-Raphaelitism in Art and Literature’ in The British Quarterly Review (pp. 197–220) David Masson describes DGR as a ‘fastidious’ painter unable to rival JEM and WHH because he does not ﬁnish his pictures. EES sends DGR a lock of her hair. DGR visits the Howitts, living in Bateman’s old house. Mary Howitt is ‘much delighted’ with CGR’s printed poems and desires to meet CGR, as does AMH. AMH shows DGR a drawing, The End of the Pilgrimage, illustrating CGR’s ‘Ruined Cross’. It is suggested that CGR might contribute to Mary Howitt’s magazine, Aikin’s Year (Fredeman 1:197–9). WMR stays at Clive

68 A Rossetti Family Chronology

Vale Farm near Hastings with WHH and Edward Lear. They are visited by JEM. WMR returns to London before WHH (WHH 1:329–32). 4 (Wed) DGR sends CGR his caricature of CGR sketching Jervis or transcribing verses from his dictation (S.590). DGR asks to see a specimen of CGR’s portraits, remarking, ‘You must take care however not to rival the Sid [EES]’ (Fredeman 1:197–8). 13 DGR writes that he has abandoned poetry. He wants WMR to sit for the head of Dante in First Anniversary of the Death of Beatrice (S.58) before WMR leaves for Hastings (Fredeman 1:200). 21 A letter by DGR appears in The Athenaeum (pp. 901–2), in response to a review of George Taylor’s A Memoir of Robert Surtees, by Rev. James Raine (14 August, pp. 866–7). DGR points out Surtees’s ‘Is there any room at your head, Emma’ draws from an old border ballad ‘Clerk Saunders’ published in Scott’s Ministrelsy of the Scottish Border (1802–3). 26 CGR composes ‘After a picture in the Portland Gallery’, published as ‘Books in the Running Brooks’ in New Poems (1896). WMR asserts that the poem was published earlier in a magazine (untraced) (Crump 3:384). September 11 (Sat) CGR composes ‘“The summer is ended”’ (Crump 3:438). 28 CGR composes ‘“I look for the Lord”’ (Crump 3:439). October GR and FMLR are in Brighton. DGR makes drawings of WBS (S.456), CGR (S.426) and FMLR (S.445). DGR, currently living with his family at Arlington Street, looks for new accommodation. JLT helps him (Fredeman 1:203–5). 15 (Fri) CGR composes ‘Song (“I have loved you for long years Ellen”)’ (Crump 3:439). 17 FMB writes to Lowes Dickinson that ‘out of three or four pictures begun’ DGR has ﬁnished none, but ‘has painted and sold three or four lovely Dantesque water-colour drawings and written some lovely verses’ (Hueffer 91). 21 DGR intends to move with WMR to 3 Maynard Place, Crouch End (Fredeman 1:203). 23 DGR’s ‘The Card Dealer’ and explanatory note, signed ‘H.H.H.’, are published in The Athenaeum (p. 1147). 24 CGR composes ‘After All’, retitled in a fair copy manuscript ‘A Discovery’ (Crump 3:439).

1852 69

November DGR works on ‘Wellington’s Funeral’ (Fredeman 1:209–10). He sends Giotto Painting the Portrait of Dante, Beatrice Meeting Dante at a Marriage Feast, Denies him her Salutation and Rossovestita to a ‘Winter Exhibition of Sketches and Drawings’ at the Old Water-Colour Society, Pall Mall (PRD 306). DGR sketches FMB (S.269). He also draws Virgin and Child (S.689, S.689A–C). The PRB discusses the possibility of setting up an exhibition society. FMB is included in plans. Deverell, JPS, TS, Collins and Hannay are involved in PRB meetings, which, according to Hueffer, occur on an almost daily basis. FMB’s attendance is irregular (Hueffer 87–8). 25 (Thu) DGR moves into new quarters on third ﬂoor of 14 Chatham Place, Blackfriars Bridge. WMR and DGR are initially co-tenants at £40 p/a. WMR does not sleep there. DGR describes his new residence as ‘delightful’, with windows on all sides and a balcony over the river, which he occasionally uses to paint. Their landlord Henry Benthall is ‘a legal gentleman’ (Fredeman 1:223; VH 52). DGR and WMR experiment with mesmerism at the Patmores (ADC 18:10). 26 A PRB meeting is held at WHH’s to discuss exhibition pictures. FMB is invited, WHH describing him as ‘virtually a PRB’. DGR absents himself, feeling like ‘a pretender’ in the ﬁeld of art (ADC 18:9; Fredeman 1:207–9). 27 EES is at DGR’s. He asks WMR to make sure they are not disturbed by callers (Fredeman 1:208). December DGR tells FMB his pictures are ‘kicked out’ of the Pall Mall exhibition. WHH, FMB and Ruskin try to interest Francis MacCracken, a cotton spinner in York Lane, in buying one of DGR’s pictures. DGR hopes to make money from the sale of the printing press GP left to him (Fredeman 1:211–14). 8 (Wed) At the request of the family, DGR draws Margaret Thompson (S.322), ﬁancée of Hannay and daughter of a banker, who Hannay calls the ‘sugarplum of the universe’ (Fredeman 1:214–15, 222–3). 10 CGR composes ‘From the Antique’ (Crump 3:440). c.14 DGR makes a sketch of TPR (Fredeman 1:213). 23 CGR composes ‘“The heart knoweth its own bitterness”’, part of which becomes lines 5–11 of a separate poem entitled ‘“The day is at hand”’ (Crump 2:456, 3:440). 25 DGR and WMR spend Christmas evening with family friends, the Ormes. DGR is taken unwell and has to leave

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30

31

early. He gives Eliza Orme a sketch of Woolner (S.539) (Fredeman 1:222). GPB, JPS, FGS, Hughes, Munro, the portrait painter Henry Tanworth Wells and Clayton (glass painter) visit DGR and WMR at Chatham Place. DGR shows the group a series of ‘anastatic drawings’ illustrating a nursery rhyme by Hon. Mrs (Eleanor Vere) Boyle, works by Gavarni, a death mask of Dante, Seymour Stocker Kirkup’s tracing of Dante’s head from Giotto’s fresco and a pen and ink sketch by JEM of Isabella. They feast on ‘roast chestnuts and coffee, honey, and hot spirits’ (Boyce 8; Hughes 48). WMR and DGR celebrate New Year’s Eve at Arlington Street with WHH and FGS, spending the evening sketching heads from memory. DGR declares his drawing of Woolner ‘looks like a ﬁre-ﬁend’. He also draws WMR asleep ‘in one of his usual anti-anatomical actions’ and WHH in pastel (ADC 18:4; Fredeman 1:221–2).

1853 DGR is a frequent visitor in the Howitt and Orme households. DGR continues to accompany FMLR, MFR and CGR to Christ Church, Albany Street, sporadically (Fredeman 1:242). James Hannay dedicates Poetical Works of Edgar Allan Poe (1853) to DGR. Composition includes ‘The Church-Porches I’ (addressed to MFR), ‘The Church-Porches II’ (to CGR), ‘Penumbra’ and ‘Words on the Window-pane’ (WDGR xxvii). Translation includes poems by Francesco Polidori and GP (WDGR xxxv). Publication WBS copies DGR’s ‘Church-Porches’ sonnets to send them to Durham University Magazine (Minto 1:290; WDGR 667); they do not appear in this journal. Pictorial work includes • Watercolour Girl Singing to a Lute (S.59); Return of Tibullus to Delia (S.62); Meeting of Dante and Beatrice in Paradise (S.116D), 1853–54. • Pencil, Pen, Ink, Sepia, Wash Michael Scott’s Wooing (S.56) for Alexander Munro; Hesterna Rosa (S.57) for FGS; Boatmen and Siren (S.63); CBC (S.282); WHH (S.342); JEM (S.352–3); W.W. Pearce (S.406), c.1853–58; DGR (S.435); DGR and EES (S.441), 1853–62; GR

1853 71

(S.444); FMLR (S.446); WMR (S.453); DGR and WMR (S.594); Fra Angelico Painting (S.694); Giorgione Painting (S.695); Bohemian Skit: The German Student, possibly 1847; AMH, c.1853–54, on mourning stationery (VP 163–4). DGR makes studies for an unexecuted etching to WBS’s ‘Rosabell’ (Fredeman 1:218). WMR is given by WHH an 1848 oil study of a bloodhound from WHH’s Porphyro and Madeleine Leaving the Castle (ADC 18:4). January CGR attends North London School of Drawing and Modelling, Mary’s Terrace, Campden Town, started by TS in May 1850. CGR is joined by her friend, Emily Rosaline Orme. FMB is a master and DGR attends occasionally (Fredeman 1:100, 222). DGR writes ‘Known in Vain’ (WDGR 655). He begins a design for a painting in two compartments symbolising Dante’s resolve to write The Divine Comedy in memory of Beatrice (unexecuted). He makes alterations to Ecce Ancilla Domini!, following WHH’s recommendation and offer of purchase from MacCracken for 50 guineas. DGR negotiates with MacCracken for the sale of Deverell’s Twelfth Night. PRB meetings are poorly attended. WMR declares the group’s ‘solemn code of rules’ is now ‘almost comic’. Munro’s plaster model for Paolo and Francesca (1851) is in DGR’s studio. DGR adorns his rooms at Chatham Place with framed sketches by Woolner. He hosts numerous parties to which those invited include GPB, WHH, JEM, JPS, Clayton, Munro, FGS, Sidney Blanchard, Charles Lucy, James Hannay, TPR and FMB (Boyce 9, 73; PRD 307–8; Fredeman 1:223–33). 1 (Sat) DGR writes to Woolner that ‘every night, in lying down, I have thought of you’. He sends him portrait sketches of his PRB friends (Fredeman 1:221). 15 Collinson abandons his artistic career and enters a Jesuit college at Stoneyhurst, Lancashire, as a working novice (leaves September 1854) (PRD 307; Fredeman 1:218). 22 CGR composes ‘To what purpose is this waste?’, one stanza of which forms a separate poem entitled ‘“These all wait upon Thee”’ (Crump 2:469, 3:440). 28 Ecce Ancilla Domini! (now Annunciation with mottoes changed from Latin to English ‘to guard against the imputation of “popery”’) is sent to MacCracken. GPB commissions Meeting of Dante and Beatrice in Paradise (S.116D) (PRD 307–9; Boyce 10).

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February DGR writes ‘Sonnet to Thomas Woolner’ (WDGR 667). MacCracken sends Ecce Ancilla Domini! to Ruskin to gauge his opinion. This is Ruskin’s ﬁrst view of DGR’s work. Ruskin’s praise and admiration for DGR’s Old Water-Colour Society exhibits results in a further £150 commission from MacCracken. The Liverpool art dealer John Miller also makes DGR an offer (Fredeman 1:236–7, 243). 6 (Sun) CGR composes ‘One Sea-Side Grave’, entitled in the manuscript notebook ‘From the Antique’ (Crump 2:396). 9 DGR writes Woolner a sonnet on London’s ﬁrst snowfall of the year (Fredeman 1:243). 21 CGR composes ‘Next of Kin’ (Crump 3:441), addressed to Henrietta Polydore (Bell 29). March CGR ceases her subscription to The Bouquet, Culled from Marylebone Gardens (Marsh 135). 7 (Mon) CGR composes ‘“Let them rejoice in their beds”’ (Crump 3:442). CGR probably composes lines 1–8 of ‘“Surely He hath borne our griefs”’ between this date and 9 May 1853. This was originally part of a longer poem whose manuscript title is ‘“Like as we are”’ (Crump 2:409). April 1

5 7

8

(Fri) DGR’s review of Francesco Polidori’s Il Losario: Poema Eroica Romanesco containing three cantos by Gaetano Polidori, is published in The Critic (pp. 181–2). DGR acts as a witness at FMB and EMB’s marriage (Fredeman 1:218). FMLR, GR and CGR relocate to Frome, Somersetshire, where, after the failure of the school in Arlington Crescent, FMLR ﬁnds an opening for a church day school through Lady Bath. GR intends to follow later. MFR stays in London. CGR is ‘anything but happy at Frome’, but continues to sketch, and both DGR and FMB admire her ability (SR 108, 110). DGR, JEM, WHH, GFS and Munro visit Blackwater, intending to travel on to Gravesend and Rochester, but prevented by inclement weather. They are allowed on board the steamer Argo, bound for Australia. DGR describes it as ‘a perfect fairy palace’. DGR learns from Mary Howitt that

1853 73

10

12

16

17

22

23

25

Woolner is no longer in Melbourne, having parted company with William Howitt to go to a different digging site (Fredeman 1:240–1). WMR describes GR as ‘tolerably cheerful, & seems somewhat less “tormented” than usual’ (ADC 13:3). WMR attempts two portraits of CGR for FMLR, but throws both into the ﬁre (Thirlwell 109). As agreed on 7 January, Woolner’s friends go into the country where at noon precisely they draw or write individual messages to be sent to Woolner in Australia. Woolner and company do the same for immediate exchange by post. DGR draws WHH (S.341). According to WMR, he makes WHH look like James Blomﬁeld Rush, the Norfolk farmer hanged in April 1849 (Fredeman 1:223–4, 241; WHH 1:341). DGR sends Woolner his sonnet on the ﬁrst snowfall; he recently transcribed it into Miss Orme’s album, along with a ‘inscrutably metaphysical’ contribution by WMR and ‘something rather intense’ by CGR. It is included, along with a portrait of Woolner executed from memory, in a parcel Mary Howitt sends to Australia on 23 April (Fredeman 1:243). DGR feels piqued Patmore does not give copies of Tamerton Church-Tower (1853) to friends, particularly as DGR, WHH and JEM have given him pictorial work (Fredeman 1:245–6). CGR writes to WMR from Frome with two sketches of FMLR in pencil. She intends to go sketching in the nearby countryside once the weather improves. She asks for news of the RA exhibition and particularly of FGS. Shortly after this FMLR returns to London following the sudden illness and death of her mother, followed by CGR and probably GR. FMLR receives a legacy on her mother’s death (Fredeman 1:219; Harrison 1:59–62; SR 39). DGR reminds WMR to speak to Robert Rintoul about reviewing AMH’s An Art Student in Munich (Fredeman 1:251). Despite a personal invite from Henry Sutherland Edwards for RB’s Colombe’s Birthday at the Haymarket Theatre, DGR does not attend, expecting to ‘be bored to death’ (Fredeman 1:252).

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28

CGR writes to FMLR on hearing the news of the death of her maternal grandmother: ‘I have managed to put on nothing contrary to mourning.’ She asks to be allowed to see the body if she is able to come to London ‘unless the lapse of so many days renders it inadvisable’ (Harrison 1:63–4). DGR makes drawings of GR sitting reading, wearing a peaked cap to shade his eyes (S.443) and FMLR in mourning (S.A15).

May CGR composes ‘What?’ (Crump 3:442). WMR is engaged with the magazine The Artist. The proprietor is Delf. DGR asks FMB to undertake an etching for the ﬁrst issue in July, advising him to ask a high price as the magazine has ‘plenty of tin’ (Fredeman 1:253). 1 (Sun) DGR draws EMB (S.272). 4 DGR draws GP (S.413). 7 FMLR and CGR return to Frome with GR, where they stay until 25 March 1854. From now until the end of the year most of DGR’s letters are on mourning stationery (Fredeman 1:218–19). 9 CGR composes ‘Portraits’ (Crump 3:442). She writes to ABH with news about the ailing GR’s move to Frome and with a request for the address of a local doctor who had been recommended to her. They have recommenced their school that morning (Harrison 1:65). 11 DGR receives a letter from CGR with a poem enclosed, probably ‘Charon’ (Fredeman 1:259; according to WMR, composition probably June [Crump 3:509]); its humour particularly pleases MFR (Weintraub 69). 18 CGR composes ‘Whitsun Eve’ (Crump 3:442). June CGR makes some attempts towards drawing and painting. She sends WMR a picture of a cow and a donkey. DGR intends to go to Jersey with WMR. The Scotts stay with WMR at Arlington Street. WMR obtains an introduction to the British Museum Library to translate a treatise by Cellini on Goldsmith’s work for Artist. MacCracken wants DGR to paint Mary Magdalene at the Door of Simon the Pharisee (S.109) and Found (S.64) rather than Mary in the House of St John. He commissions First Anniversary of the Death of Beatrice (S.58) for 35 guineas and invites DGR to Belfast; DGR does not go (ADC 13:3; FLDGR 101; Fredeman 1:265, 270–1).

1853 75

6 10 15 17

18–19 19

20

21

22 29–30

(Mon) CGR writes to ABH that her father is ‘very feeble’. MMP is in Frome for most of the month (Harrison 1:67). CGR composes ‘A Pause’ (Crump 3:443). MFR goes to Park Village to negotiate on DGR’s behalf for a loan of £10 or £12 from CP (Fredeman 1:266–7). DGR and WBS leave London for Newcastle. LNS stays on a week or two with WMR. EES paints at Chatham Place while DGR is away (ADC 13:3; Fredeman 1:267–9). WMR visits his friend the journalist Sorrell near Reading (ADC 13:3). DGR makes ‘a grand allegorical design’ in David Scott’s style. In Newcastle DGR also paints Girl Singing to a Lute (S.59) and sketches for Mary Magdalene at the Door of Simon the Pharisee (S.109B). He meets Lady Pauline Trevelyan for the ﬁrst time (Fredeman 1:267–70, 2:198). The holidays start at the day school in Frome and WMR arrives for a visit. In the absence of a good circulating library at Frome, they are considering subscribing to a ‘book of books’, sent quarterly from Mudie’s in London. TPR also plans to visit around this time (Harrison 1:69; ADC 13:3). DGR writes to FMLR that Newcastle is ‘dreary’ and the intellectual atmosphere ‘stagnant’. He considers travelling daily to Tynemouth to bathe. DGR asks WMR to mention WBS’s Commonwealth etchings to the editor of Artist (Fredeman 1:267–70). WMR writes to Adolf Heimann from Frome to ask if he is still willing to take him to Paris, as suggested; he would also like to visit Belgium (RHC 4:4). WMR makes pencil portraits of CGR and FMLR (PWCGR lxii; Thirlwell 109–10). DGR and WBS visit Wetheral, Carlisle and Hexham. DGR considers staying to paint at Wetheral or Hexham (Fredeman 1:270). He sketches Battlements of Wetheral (S.693) and paints Carlisle Wall (S.60) (Brown 163).

July DGR begins ‘Stratton Water’, inspired by ﬂooding in Warwickshire and draws Girl Trundling an Infant (S.61) in Coventry. He sketches CP on return to London (S.408). WMR executes a portrait of FMLR, ‘voted ugly & coarse’, and CGR of a servant which DGR does not like but WMR considers very good in colour and handling although ‘ﬂat & harsh in cutting outline’. WMR reviews Ruskin’s Stones of Venice (ADC

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13:3). DGR reads Tom Taylor’s Life of Benjamin Robert Haydon (1853) (Fredeman 1:277–8). 1 (Fri) CGR composes ‘Holy Innocents’ (Crump 3:443). DGR considers travelling to Belgium with WMR. He wishes to view the Dürers in Nüremberg (Fredeman 1:270). 3 WMR visits Winchester (ADC 13:3). 4 CGR writes to WMR that FMB has introduced his daughter LMB to MFR ‘for the advantage of her acquaintance’ (Harrison 1:70). WMR travels to Paris, staying at Hôtel de Lille, rue St Honoré, and Hôtel d’Albion, rue de Rivoli. He visits the Salon, Louvre, St Roch, Luxembourg, Notre Dame, St Cloud (ADC 13:3). 8 DGR leaves Newcastle and travels to Coventry (Fredeman 1:272). DGR visits Warwick where he writes ‘The Hill Summit’ (Fredeman 1:272, 368). 12 CGR composes ‘“There remaineth therefore a rest to the people of God”’ (Crump 3:443). DGR walks from Kenilworth to Stratford-on-Avon and composes ‘The Honeysuckle’. In Stratford he writes ‘On the Site of a Mulberry-Tree, Planted by William Shakespeare’ (Fredeman 1:272–3, 315). 13 CGR writes to ABH that she is continuing with her sketching, ‘but I have not much faith in my own achieving greatness and fame in the Art. However it is amusing’ (Harrison 1:71). DGR draws Landlord Rampant (S.A3) in a letter to WBS (Fredeman 1:273). 15 DGR returns to London. He describes WMR as ‘foaming at the mouth with Art’ (Fredeman 1:276). 23 FMLR writes to DGR: ‘Christina appears now really desirous to apply to portrait painting, and I trust gives promise of something good. The study might prove advantageous to her in more ways than one, carrying her a little out of herself’ (Fredeman 1:268). 25 The day school at Frome re-opens (Harrison 1:69). August Read and family visit DGR on their way to Italy, boring DGR ‘for a brief gasping interval’. DGR reads an autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini, given him by GP. EES has been very ill. She composes a selfportrait, which DGR wants sent to the RA. She intends to begin St Agnes Eve for the RA. DGR sends some sketches to CP to decorate her workbox, admired by Lady Bath (Fredeman 1:280–3).

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1

13

15 22 27

(Mon) CGR composes ‘Annie (“It’s not for earthly bread, Annie”)’ (Crump 3:443). CGR writes to ABH about the RA exhibition: she admires WHH’s Our English Coast and Claudio and Isabella, but not JEM’s Order of Release. They have recently had sent (from a society that sends books from London) Haydon’s Life (1853) which is ‘most interesting work, but painful reading’. She intends to read the second volume of Ruskin’s Stones of Venice. She reports that their school is doing slightly better (Harrison 1:72–3). CGR writes to WMR, humorously suggesting the family’s ﬁnancial fortunes could be reversed if her short story ‘Nick’ is offered to a publisher together with her portrait (Harrison 1:74). WMR’s ofﬁce at Somerset House merges with Stamps and Taxes (ADC 13:3). MFR in Frome until early October (Harrison 1:75, 79; Fredeman 1:280). WMR attends the wedding of Emily Orme to David Masson (ADC 13:3).

September CGR composes ‘Seasons (“In Springtime when the leaves are young”)’ (Crump 3:444). GR’s L’Arpa Evangelica is published in Genoa. DGR tries to ﬁnd a publisher for CGR’s prose tale ‘Nick’. He hopes to obtain Hannay’s assistance. WMR makes translations from German. DGR draws himself sitting to EES (S.440) and paints CP (S.407) for GP. DGR continues working on First Anniversity of the Death of Beatrice (S.58) for MacCracken. WMR poses for him (EES and Williams also model). CP visits London for a fortnight while Lady Bath is in Scotland. GT is anxious to settle the outstanding bill for printing of Germ (ADC 13:3; Fredeman 1:285–6). 2 (Fri) DGR sends CP Girl Trundling an Infant for her workbox (Fredeman 1:283–4). 3 CGR writes to WMR she would like to see Munro’s medallions of WBS and JEM, together with JEM’s Glenﬁnlas portrait of Ruskin if it is shown at the RA next year (Harrison 1:80). 5 CGR composes ‘The Eleventh Hour’ (Crump 3:363). 8 CGR and MFR visit Bath for the day on an omnibus (Harrison 1:76–7, 82). 12 WMR is promoted, his salary rising to £250 p/a, and then by £10 p/a to £300. He is relieved FMLR and CGR do not need

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15 16 19

30

to take boarders. WMR attempts to persuade FMLR to return to London from Frome, as the most ‘economical’ and ‘agreeable’ arrangement (ADC 13:3; Harrison 1:78; Peattie 43). WMR begins riding lessons at Knightsbridge Barracks with WHH. WMR sends CGR brushes, much delayed (ADC 13:3). Woolner asks DGR to tell AMH her father is determined she shall not marry Edward Latrobe Bateman (ADC 18:11). CGR composes ‘“The two Rossettis (brothers they)”’ (Crump 3:502), and she includes the unﬁnished poem in a letter to WMR. She writes of her fears for the Scotts and her brothers with the cholera outbreak in Newcastle and London. She requests that WMR retrieve ‘Nick’ from James Hannay (who was trying to place it with a publisher) as she is contemplating sending it to Mary Howitt (Harrison 1:77–8). DGR writes to FMLR requesting she and CGR ﬁnd him a suitable brick wall and heifer for Found (Fredeman 1:285–6).

October Mary Howitt asks DGR if she can print CGR’s ‘A Summer Evening’ (retitled ‘Twilight Calm’ in GM) in Düsseldorf Artists’ Album, an illustrated collection of poems, mainly translations from German, with a few original poems in English (Aikin’s Year is delayed) (Fredeman 1:288–90). 4 (Tue) GR suggests Lady Bath may commission DGR to paint her portrait (FLDGR 114). DGR is unwilling because of work in hand for MacCracken (Fredeman 1:288). 17 CGR composes ‘Sleep at Sea’, originally titled ‘Something like Truth’ (Crump 1:262). 21 CGR composes ‘“Consider the lilies of the ﬁeld”’ (Crump 1:261). November Ruskin publicly discusses the Pre-Raphaelite phenomenon in his fourth address in Edinburgh on architecture and painting. DGR arranges for his friend the surgeon John Marshall to visit Deverell, who is very ill. Marshall diagnoses Bright’s Disease and gives Deverell six months to live. DGR suggests Deverell moves into Chatham Place (Fredeman 1:291–2). 7 (Mon) DGR sends FMB ‘Mac Cracken’, parodying Tennyson’s ‘Kraken’. DGR, WMR and WA meet the painter and female activist BLS at the Howitts. DGR is surprised by the technical proﬁciency of AMH’s Margaret from Faust and promises lessons in colour (Fredeman 1:293–5).

1853–1854 79

9 10

24

CGR composes ‘Three Seasons’ (Crump 1:251). CGR composes ‘The P.R.B. is in its decadence’ (Crump 3:446), WHH intending to leave soon for Paris before heading to Egypt with TS and JEM being elected ARA on 7 November (Fredeman 1:293–5; PRBJ 123). CGR writes to ABH from Frome that ‘nothing happens, we see no one, and go nowhere’. GR ‘is much as usual again, but very inﬁrm and feeble’ (Harrison 1:87).

December At the start of the month, CP visits Frome. FMLR is in London for most of December, leaving CGR to look after the ailing GR and school in Frome. CGR plans to visit London upon FMLR’s return (c.27); this does not happen (Harrison 1:91–2). DGR draws EES (S.461). He presents WHH with a daguerreotype of Girlhood of Mary Virgin, a copy of his two sonnets and a transcription of lines from Taylor’s Philip van Artevelde: ‘There’s that betwixt us been, which men remember […]’ (ACF 25; WHH 1:365). 3 (Sat) CGR writes to WMR, thanking him for his birthday gift (for 5 Dec): ‘a real live 5£ note is quite an event in my career’. She asks if WHH’s Light of the World will be in London when FMLR visits; she urges him to persuade FMLR to stay longer in London during the holidays. She reassures WMR that ‘the school may yet succeed’ (Harrison 1:8). 5 CGR writes to ABH that GR is suffering ‘great debility’ (Harrison 1:91). 7 CGR composes ‘Seasons (“Crocuses and snowdrops wither”)’ (Crump 3:446). 16 GP dies of a stroke, aged 89 (Fredeman 1:298). 19 DGR sends WBS the comic two-line ‘Duns Scotus’ (Fredeman 1:300). 22 DGR draws Ruding Deverell (S.313). The lease for 38 Arlington Street expires; WMR and MFR take rooms over a chemist’s shop at 14 Albany Street, Regent’s Park, occupied by the painter Robert Partridge Burcham (Fredeman 1:219, 333).

1854 CGR meets up again with CBC (PWCGR liii) and is introduced to the Howitts (Marsh 151). The school at Frome fails. CGR aggressively turns her attention to her career as a poet. Finances From 1854 to 1862, CGR seldom earns £10 p/a from her writing (PWCGR li).

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Composition includes (until at least 1863) beginning 35 articles for Waller’s Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography, recruited by Mary Howitt. WMR is also a contributor (Harrison 1:111; Marsh 189). Publication includes ‘The Rose’ in Mary Howitt (ed.), Pictorial Calendar of the Seasons; ‘The Trees’ Counselling’ in Mary Howitt (ed.), Midsummer Flowers. For the Young; ‘A Summer Evening’ (retitled ‘Twilight Calm’ in GM) in Mary Howitt (ed.), Düsseldorf Artists’ Album. DGR Ruskin becomes DGR’s friend and generous patron, relieving much ﬁnancial worry. EES has rooms at 1 Weymouth Street, off Portland Square, but paints at Chatham Place. Ruskin refers to her as DGR’s ‘pupil’. DGR continues to see much of the Howitts (CW 36:xliii, 167; Fredeman 1:338). Literary composition includes ‘Love’s Nocturn’, ‘The Landmark’ and ‘A Match with the Moon’ (WDGR xxiii, xxv, xxviii). Publication ‘Sister Helen’, in Mary Howitt (ed.), Düsseldorf Artists’ Album, signed ‘H.H.H.’ (WDGR 650). Pictorial work includes • Oil Found (S.64, 64Q). • Watercolour EES (S.462). • Pencil, Pen, Ink, Wash Eating of the Passover (S.78B); FMLR (S.448); EES (S.471). Henrietta Polydore walks out on her husband HFP in Gloucester, later taking HP to join the Mormons at Salt Lake City, America (Marsh 164). MFR (c.1854) gives up governessing and begins tutoring Italian and religion to students in London (Harrison 1:119). MFR has ‘a bond of sympathy’, possibly romantic, with Charles Collins (who has High Church afﬁliations) and sees much of him and his widowed mother (SR 1:152). TPR, Prophecy of the Nineteenth Century, translated from the Italian (Bornand 74). WMR sees a good deal of the scientiﬁc chemist Benjamin Horatio Paul whom he meets through Hannay (RP 330). January GR suffers a paralytic seizure in Frome. CGR is also ill this month (Harrison 1:92; Marsh 149). 3 (Tue) EES works alongside DGR. She has ﬁnished Lady of Shalott. Hannay is to start a weekly penny magazine, The Pen, and wants to print DGR’s ‘Burden of Nineveh’ (Fredeman 1:305–6).

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7 8 10 13

14–16 16

25

CGR composes ‘Ballad’ (Crump 3:447). GR is ‘unusually weak’ (FMLR diary scrap, ADC 6:18). DGR writes to WMR, ‘If you want to see Deverell you had better come soon as he is very bad!’ (Fredeman 1:307). ‘Rossetti in so precarious a state in the morning though better in the evening that I wrote to let our children in London know how ill he is’ (FMLR diary scraps, ADC 6:18). DGR, MFR and WMR visit Frome by express. GR slightly better (ADC 6:18). ‘I had the great happiness of receiving Holy Communion with my husband, Maria, Christina’ (ADC 6:18). WHH leaves for the Holy Land (Fredeman 1:304). CGR composes ‘Our Heaven’, part of which becomes lines 1–4 of a separate poem entitled ‘“Our heaven must be within ourselves”’ (Crump 2:471).

February 2 (Thu) Deverell dies in his Chelsea home at 4 pm. DGR writes: ‘We shall all sincerely regret his loss; but no one more than – or perhaps so much as – I, for I had known him longest and most intimately.’ JEM is in the house at the time of death but not allowed to see him. DGR saw him, against doctor’s orders, for a few minutes the previous week (Fredeman 1:310, 319). 7 DGR attends Deverell’s funeral at Brompton Churchyard along with GFS, Munro and FMB (Fredeman 1:314). CGR composes ‘A Study. (A Soul.)’ (Crump 3:447). 8 DGR draws Wykeham Deverell (S.316). 11 WMR’s obituary of Deverell appears in The Spectator (p. 159). 17 CGR composes ‘There remaineth therefore a rest’, lines 6–10 and 21–5 of which become ‘The Bourne’ and lines 51–60 ‘“There remaineth therefore a rest to the people of God”’ (Crump 1:280). 23 CGR sends WMR some end-rhymes for a bout rimé sonnet (Harrison 1:94). 24 At JEM’s it is decided to form the Folio sketching club. Members include WHH, JEM, FMB, WBS, DGR, FGS, AMH, BLS, Collins, Hughes, Munro, Michael Frederick Halliday, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Mark Anthony, John William Inchbold, Joseph Wolf, John Mulcaster Carrick, Eleanor

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26

27

28

Vere Boyle and Louisa Anne (Marchioness of Waterford). WMR is appointed secretary (Fredeman 1:321–2). According to Hughes, FMB refuses despite persuasion from DGR (Millais 1:66). CGR composes ‘“Weigh all my faults and follies righteously”’, originally entitled ‘The blood of Jesus Christ cleanseth from all sin’ (Crump 2:402). CGR writes to ABH that they are packing up at Frome in readiness for their return to London, although they have not yet found a house. They are still enjoying long walks in the countryside. She tells of her admiration for Shelley’s ‘To a Skylark’ (Harrison 1:95–6). CGR composes ‘Easter Even’, later retitled ‘Paradise’ (Crump 1:310).

March From March to July, CGR is unwell (Harrison 1:lvii). John Ferguson McLennan, introduced to the Rossettis through Munro, wants WMR to write a review of CBC’s translation of Dante’s Divine Comedy (3 vols, 1851–54) for The Edinburgh Guardian (Fredeman 1:332). DGR paints Found outdoors in Kentish Town with Hughes (Fredeman 1:304). Hughes works on Orlando (later Long Engagement) in DGR’s studio (Hughes 48). WA arrives in London where he is the daily walking and dining companion of DGR and sits for his portrait. WA also sees much of CGR, FMLR and GR (AR 75). DGR introduces EES to FMB, EMB and the Howitts who are ‘most delighted with her productions’. The Howitts insist she sees Dr James John Garth Wilkinson, a homeopathic physician, disciple of Swedenborg and close family friend. Wilkinson diagnoses ‘curvature of the spine’ and prescribes rest from painting. DGR attempts to bring EES and CGR together. It is proposed that EES illustrate a volume of CGR’s poems (Fredeman 1:310, 332–4). DGR proposes organising a rafﬂe for Deverell’s Twelfth Night or Hamlet to help support the family. The art dealer Ernest Gambart is to be involved. Support comes from John Miller who sends 50 guineas for As You Like It. DGR makes efforts to dispose of Deverell’s remaining works for his family (Fredeman 1:328, 331, 304). 4 (Sat) A meeting of the Folio Club is scheduled to be held at DGR’s when the rules are to be read by WMR (Fredeman 1:321). 13 DGR shows GPB a number of his drawings from Dante. GPB mentions that DGR has on his wall drawings by JEM, WHH, Deverell, WBS, Woolner and FMB (Boyce 12).

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25

27

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April 8

13

19

22 25 26

27

(Lady Day) CGR and FMLR return from Frome. WMR moves the family to 45 Upper Albany Street, Regent’s Park (later 166 Albany Street), near Christ Church, supported by WMR and aided by FMLR’s small income from the death of her parents and MFR’s teaching. From this time, CGR has no need to resort to teaching and she is fully supported by WMR (SR 112; Harrison 1:lvii; PWCGR li). WMR is urged by HFP to help him ﬁnd his daughter HP, who is secretly attempting to join her mother in the USA (Harrison 1:96–7). CGR meets EES, probably for the ﬁrst time (Fredeman 1:332, 334).

(Sat) DGR repaints Borgia (S.48) for GPB. DGR gives him ‘To Caper Nimbly in a Lady’s Chamber’ (S.47) and Boatmen and Siren (S.63) (Boyce 12–13). Ruskin calls on DGR for the ﬁrst time. DGR writes to FMB, ‘he seems in a mood to make my fortune’ (Fredeman 1:336–7). DGR describes BLS, AMH and Dr J. J. G. Wilkinson as ‘enraptured’ with EES. He intends to show her designs to Ruskin, ‘who, I know, will worship her’ (Fredeman 1:339). DGR takes EES to Hastings for her health to a lodging recommended by BLS (Fredeman 1:304). According to WMR, GR utters his last words around 8 pm, ‘Ah Dio, ajutami Tu’ (ADC 6:18). FMLR writes in her diary: ‘My dear husband was sinking more and more, labouring in his breath, I fear not conscious of the prayers we offered up.’ GR dies at 5.30 pm, ‘without great pain we hope, but after much lingering delay’. FMLR, WMR, DGR, CGR, MFR, CP, EP, MMP and TPR are present at the moment of death. CBC calls twice to pay his respects. DGR reminds WA of his promise to write a letter of introduction for TPR to Routledge (ADC 6:18; Fredeman 1:340). GR’s death certiﬁcate states the cause of death to be ‘old age, marasmus’ (ADC 6:18).

May John Anster’s ‘Dante and his Translators’, which mentions GR, is published in Dublin University Magazine (pp. 524–42). MacCracken sends DGR a copy (Fredeman 1:350–1). FMLR still seeks a teaching situation

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(Harrison 1:97). EES makes a sketch for a woodcut illustrating Clerk Saunders for WA’s volume of old Scottish ballads. DGR joins EES at Hastings, where she is staying at Mrs Elphick’s, 5 High Street. They work together. DGR makes a number of drawings of EES (S.464, S.467–9). DGR plans to design GR’s gravestone. According to JEM, John Joseph Ernest Théodore Gambart wants to commission a painting from DGR. DGR attributes this new interest to Ruskin. DGR writes ‘Sudden Light’. BLS, AMH and BRP visit. EES and DGR make occasional trips to BLS’s family home, Scalands, near Robertsbridge, Sussex. BLS makes arrangements for EES to go to a sanatorium in Harley Street, London, having a relative working there, possibly Florence Nightingale. BLS writes to BRP that she believes EES ‘is going fast’ and DGR ‘is like a child, he cannot believe she is in danger’ (TC 20). EES is on friendly terms with George Eliot (Fredeman 1:304, 344–54). 1 (Mon) EES is worse and BLS suggests admitting her to a Sussex hospital until she can enter Brompton Hospital, London (Fredeman 1:341). 2 DGR asks WA to send two or three woodblocks so he can get started on illustrations for Music Master while in Hastings. He has ﬁnished a sketch for ‘Lord Thomas and Fair Annie’ (Fredeman 1:342). Ruskin, who is leaving town until mid-August, asks DGR to correspond with him, ‘I should deem it a great privilege if you would sometimes allow me to have fellowship in your thoughts.’ He has ordered his bookseller to send DGR his complete works and asks for a little drawing in exchange. He also commissions a drawing for 15 guineas (CW 36:166–7). 3 The Rossetti family attends GR’s funeral at Highgate Cemetry. Ruskin, speaking to DGR, hints at his wife’s suit to annul their marriage, a citation having been served on 25 April. DGR leaves for Hastings with a little volume of CGR’s poetry for BRP, some powders from Wilkinson for EES and the address of Dr Hale whom Wilkinson has written to about EES. Wilkinson thinks hospital admission inadvisable (Fredeman 1:341–4). 8 On a visit to Scalands, BLS, AMH and DGR make sketches of EES’s head with an iris in her hair (S.463) (Fredeman 1:353–4; Hirsch 52). 10 CGR composes ‘“Ye have forgotten the exhortation”’, lines 1–20 of which becomes part of another poem entitled ‘“When my heart is vexed I will complain”’ (Crump 3:449).

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DGR asks WMR for a loan to pay for his lodgings and return to London to replenish his paints, enabling him to start Found (Fredeman 1:351–2). CGR composes ‘Dream-Love’ (Crump 1:272). DGR declares to FMB that EES’s ‘fecundity of invention & facility are quite wonderful, much greater than mine’ (Fredeman 1:354).

June CGR in Hastings until 22 September (Harrison 1:lvii). WA returns to Ross. DGR draws EES (S.465–6) and works on cover to WA’s Day and Night Songs (S.65) (AR 76). DGR returns to London and EES works on alone at Hastings, making sketches of ‘The Lass of Lochroyan’ and ‘The Gay Goshawk’ for WA’s volume. DGR, JEM and Lowes Cato Dickinson enlist support from WA, Sir Charles Locke Eastlake, William Mulready, William Dyce, David Masson and Patmore for Woolner’s bid to sculpt the William Charles Wentworth statue (Fredeman 1:357, 363). 5 (Mon) Ruskin requests that he and DGR correspond on more familiar terms, omitting the formality of ‘Mr’. He expresses admiration for Found and Mary Magdalene at the Door of Simon the Pharisee and asks for copies of DGR’s translations. He requests DGR’s help researching architecture and literature 1150–1350 (CW 36:167–8). 9 DGR sketches Queen’s Page (S.66) in a notebook of WA’s. 17 WMR begins a series of notices for The Spectator on the Crystal Palace (AN 83). 26 DGR escorts EES back to London (Fredeman 1:357). 27 CGR composes ‘The World’ and ‘Guesses’ (Crump 1:261, 3:449). 28 CGR composes ‘From the Antique’ (Crump 3:449). July DGR draws FMLR (S.447). EES makes a design for DGR’s ‘Sister Helen’. DGR spends two or three days at Ridge, near Barnet, with Hannay and his father. They walk to St Albans and see Bacon’s tomb and the Cathedral. CBC reads and comments on DGR’s translations from the early Italian poets. WMR visits Cambridge with MacLennan where he meets AM, who expresses an interest in publishing DGR’s translations. He would like DGR, JEM and WHH to illustrate a life of Christ (Fredeman 1:361–3). 21 (Fri) DGR composes ‘Lost on Both Sides’ (Fredeman 1:362).

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CGR composes ‘Three Stages. / 3.’, part of which becomes the ﬁrst four lines of ‘Heaven’s chimes are slow, but sure to strike at last’ (Crump 3:450). DGR sends FMB a comic poem ‘Are you never in town’ (Fredeman 1:366–7).

August DGR writes ‘Nearest of Kin’ (later ‘The Birth-Bond’) (Duke 35). WA and DGR critique each other’s poems. WMR copies DGR’s Italian translations for WA. WA proposes publishing between them a joint volume of poems and pictures. DGR works on Hamlet and Ophelia (S.108A) for the Folio, the theme of which is ‘Desolation’; because of time constraints he submits his drawing for Found. EES offers ‘Pippa Passes’ (Fredeman 1:367–9; Hirsch 49). DGR visits the Crystal Palace at Sydenham and is particularly taken with the Medieval and Byzantine Courts. CP lends DGR £30 for his rent and to pay models; DGR has not paid her back £12 from last year (Brown 90; Fredeman 1:375–7). 1 (Tue) DGR sends WA a satiric dramatic skit about the Folio Club in which JEM steals his idea for Found (Fredeman 1:370–3). CGR writes to William Edmonstoune Aytoun, an editor at Blackwood’s Magazine, asking him to consider poems for publication and comment: ‘Symbols’, ‘Something like Truth’ (later retitled ‘Sleep at Sea’), ‘Easter Even’, ‘The Watchers’, ‘Once’ and ‘Long Enough’ (later retitled ‘DreamLove’) (Harrison 1:98–9). None appeared. 12 CGR composes ‘Long Looked For’ (Crump 3:451). September DGR works on ‘St Agnes of Intercession’. He draws EES (S.470). WA sends DGR and Hughes poems with the view to illustration. DGR draws Maids of Elfen-Mere (S.67). DGR reads and admires Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights and Hannay’s Satire and Satirist. WMR reviews the latter for The Spectator (Fredeman 1:379–83). WMR goes on a walking holiday with Benjamin Paul, possibly to avoid the cholera epidemic in London. They stay in Penzance, Cornwall. He visits Helstone and Land’s End, then travels on to Barnstaple and Exeter, Devon (ADC 13:3). Towards the end of the month he travels to Belgium, Germany and Holland, visiting Bruges, Antwerp, Brussels, Ghent, Malines, Liège, Aix-la-Chapelle, Coblentz and Rotterdam (SR 344). 22 (Fri) CGR returns to London (Harrison 1:lvii).

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October CGR composes ‘Listening’ (Crump 3:452). DGR transfers Maids of ElfenMere onto wood but, forgetting to reverse the scene for printing, has to redraw it. DGR works on ‘Stratton Water’ and revises ‘The Hill Summit’, having read WA’s comments. DGR paints the background to Found at Chiswick, near Hogarth’s grave, which DGR considers a good omen. He stays with Thomas Keightley at Fairfax House. Ruskin approaches DGR about teaching at the Working Men’s College (Fredeman 388–93). 5 (Thu) FMB calls on the Rossetti family; CGR is the ﬁrst to inform him of the fall of Sebastopol (Brown 97). 7 FMB calls on DGR: ‘saw Miss Siddall looking thinner & more deathlike & more beautiful & more ragged than ever’. DGR is ‘Drawing wonderful & lovely “Guggums” one after another’ (Brown 101). 14 FMB writes a few lines of verse about the calf he has arranged for DGR to paint for Found. DGR and WMR talk into the night with Woolner who returned from Australia yesterday (Brown 102–3). DGR wants WHH to return and ‘the old circle meet again’ (Fredeman 1:388–9). 31 WMR sends poems by CGR to Fraser’s Magazine, adding she would not expect to be paid. Fraser’s rejects them (Marsh 157). F. D. Maurice’s Working Men’s College opens at 31 Red Lion Square (Brown 104–5). Towards the end of the month, EP leaves London to work as a nurse in the war hospital in Scutari (Fredeman 1:400). CGR applies to join her but is refused because of age (PWCGR lvi). MFR and CGR take over EP’s parish duties while she’s away (Marsh 161). November WBS’s Poems by a Painter is published without DGR’s promised etching. DGR is badly in debt to his housekeeper, Mrs Burrell (Fredeman 1:395, 398). 1 (Wed) Ruskin persuades DGR to teach one evening a week at Working Men’s College. DGR moves in with the Browns at 1 Grove Villas, Finchley, in order to paint the calf at Manor Park farm. FMB sits for the head of the drover. DGR stays intermittently until January 1855, leaving FMB and a pregnant EMB stressed and anxious about ﬁnances. DGR wears FMB’s clothes, eats his food, uses his turpentine and makes a bedroom out of the parlour (Brown 105–10; Hueffer 99; Fredeman 1:394–5).

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18

FMLR has an extract made from the Register Book of Baptisms belonging to the Parish of St James, Westminster, to say that she was baptised in July 1800. It is signed by the curate James Galloway Cowan (ADC 6:17). WMR’s ‘Lectures by Mr Ruskin’ appears in The Spectator (p. 1219; 2 December, p. 1275; 16 December, p. 1331).

December DGR continues to stay at Finchley. His friendship with FMB comes under serious strain (Surtees 27). DGR becomes acquainted with the architect Benjamin Woodward at a dinner hosted by Ruskin (Fredeman 2:376). 2 (Sat) CGR composes ‘Dead before Death’ (Crump 1:254). 4 FMB threatens to throw DGR out of his house when he frightens his daughter, Cathy, telling her he would put her in the ﬁre and calling her an ‘ass of a child’ (Brown 107–8). 13 FMB talks of suicide with DGR (Brown 110). 18 CGR composes ‘Echo’ (Crump 1:247). 22 DGR, who has a bad leg, has moved in at Albany Street (Fredeman 2:401).

1855 CGR Composition includes (c.1855) CGR composes the short story, ‘The Lost Titian’, later published in Commonplace (1870) (Bell 273). DGR describes Ruskin as ‘the best friend I ever had’ (FLDGR 137). Ruskin, as mentor, critiques DGR’s pictures and encourages his teaching (CW 36:xliv–v, 230, 37:696). WM, EBJ, Richard Watson Dixon and other members of the ‘Order of Sir Galahad’ ﬁrst hear of DGR and read Germ (Caine 36). DGR hosts a number of parties at Chatham Place; those invited include the Browns, Cross, Anthony, Woolner, Munro, TS, WBS, Hannay, Hughes, Robert Braithwaite Martineau, CBC, Rev. Charles Anderson and Paul Leifchild (Brown 143, 148). Literary composition includes ‘Beauty and the Bird’ (WDGR xxviii). Pictorial work includes • Watercolour Ballad of Fair Annie (S.68); Ruth and Boaz (S.70); La Belle Dame sans Merci (S.76); Carol (S.79), 1855–56; Boat of Love (S.239D). • Pencil, Pen, Ink, Wash Return of Tibullus to Delia (S.62D); Found (S.64A, 64D); Ballad of Fair Annie (S.69); Cat’s Cradle (S.77); The Boat of Love (S.239B, E–F); Ruskin (S.595); Charles Keane as Louis XI (FRC 65). • Medium unknown Louisa Jane Parke (S.405).

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Criticism Ruskin in Academy Notes (1855–59), Théophile Gautier in Les beaux-arts en Europe (vol. 1, pp. 31–43) and Edmond About in Voyage à travers l’Exposition des Beaux-Arts (pp. 25–7) discuss Pre-Raphaelite inﬂuence (Ghose 60, 72, 77–9). FMLR sits for elderly woman in JEM’s Departure of the Crusaders c.1855–56 (Bornand 52). WMR reads Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass (1855) ‘with great delight’, given by WBS. WMR contributes art reviews to Artist and begins work for Philological Society’s new English dictionary, having become acquainted with acting editor, Herbert Coleridge, and secretary, Frederick James Furnivall. He reads the dramas of Philip Massinger, marking extracts for quotation. WMR ﬁrst meets Dr Richard Garnett (SR 87, 301–2, 400). WMR falls in love with Henrietta Rintoul, daughter of The Spectator’s founder-editor (Thirlwell 16). January AMH invites BRP to tea with CGR at the Hermitage. AMH adds she has not seen CGR for a long time (Parkes Papers VII, Girton). This tea does not come off: CGR’s letter to BRP on 4 May 1855 makes it clear they have not yet met, although CGR has ‘so long heard and known of you’ (Harrison 1:101). Towards the end of the month, EP arrives at the Barrack Hospital in Scutari. 4 February–5 May she sends letters home to FMLR detailing hospital conditions (ADC 27). CGR, ‘The Dead Bride’, Our Paper: A Monthly Serial for Private Circulation (p. 21) (Crump 3:400). DGR writes ‘A Dark Day’. EES works on We Are Seven and La Belle Dame sans Merci. Edward Moxon asks DGR to contribute illustrations to a Tennyson volume. Contributors include JEM, WHH, Edwin Henry Landseer, Clarkson Stanﬁeld, Daniel Maclise, Thomas Creswick, William Mulready and John Calcott Horsley. DGR objects to the latter six and wants FMB, Hughes and EES included (Fredeman 2:7–10). 8 (Mon) CGR composes ‘Zara (“I dreamed that loving me he would love on”)’ (Crump 3:452). 22 DGR begins to teach ﬁgure drawing at Working Men’s College, through which he meets Vernon Lushington, a council member. DGR persuades Woolner and Munro to teach modelling (Fredeman 2:8, 33; SR 323). 23 DGR ﬁnishes Maids of Elfen-Mere (Fredeman 2:7). 24 WMR and CGR visit the family of TS with FMB (TS just returned from WHH in Jerusalem); TS dresses up as a desert Arab and CGR as a Syrian girl (Thirlwell 59; Brown 118).

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DGR writes to WHH, conveying CGR’s request that he bring home an alligator, ‘an allegory on canvas not to be accounted a fair substitute’ (Fredeman 2:12).

February The ﬁrst two weeks of this month, FMLR stays with HFP in Gloucester (Harrison 1:101). EH, a wealthy Leeds collector, commissions two companion Dante pictures from DGR for 40 guineas. DGR recommends Hughes to her. Frederick Warren (Medieval Society) commissions a 10-guinea picture (Fredeman 2:17–22). 6 (Tue) DGR draws EES (S.472). 13 Ruskin thanks WMR for defending him in Artist, WMR having taken ‘pains to understand, what I have written, reasonably’ (CW 36:188). March CGR very ill (Harrison 1:lvii). (c.March) DGR meets Woodward in Oxford where he is building the university’s new Natural History Museum. DGR and EES are invited to submit mural and relief designs. Ruskin thinks EES’s drawings too good to carve. (DGR thinks her design of an angel with children is executed; disputed by Sir Thomas Deane.) DGR is invited to paint a mural of ‘Newton Gathering Pebbles on the Shores of the Ocean of Truth’ (unrealised) (Fredeman 2:47, 376; Hewison 113). Ruskin asks to borrow DGR’s drawing for Found to ‘convert’ Charles Kingsley to Pre-Raphaelitism (CW 36:190). Ruskin buys EES’s whole oeuvre for £30; he intends to have her works bound together in gold. Emily Tennyson is willing to pay for EES’s designs to be included in the illustrated Tennyson edition. EES accidentally sells Lovers Listening to Music, belonging to WA, to Ruskin. She promises a replacement (Fredeman 2:24–6). 1 (Thu) CGR composes ‘The First Spring Day’ (Crump 1:255). 8 CGR composes ‘Child’s Talk in April’ (Crump 1:291). 9 CGR composes ‘My Dream’ (Crump 1:242). 14 EES meets Ruskin for the ﬁrst time (Fredeman 1:333). 16 CGR draws a pencil illustration of ‘My Dream’ (ADC 6:1). 17 DGR complains to WA that Edward Dalziel has made ‘an incredible mull’ of the Maids of Elfen-Mere woodblock design (Fredeman 2:24–5). 21 DGR writes to WA hoping to correct the negative account of John Polidori’s life given by Thomas Medwin, Thomas Moore and Leigh Hunt (Fredeman 2:28). WHH writes to

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DGR from Jerusalem with an illustration of a man wrestling an alligator for CGR (TC 25:4). CGR composes ‘The Last Look’ (Crump 3:452). CGR composes ‘“I have a message unto thee.” / (written in sickness.)’, part of which forms a separate poem ‘“The Flowers appear on the Earth”’ (Crump 2:475; 3:453).

April DGR draws HFP (S.417). Recommended by Ruskin, WMR begins acting as London arts correspondent to the New York Crayon (SR 180; Fredeman 2:4). JPS is restoring Llandaff Cathedral, Cardiff; TS approaches FMB concerning DGR painting the altarpiece. At a supper given by Charles Lucy, DGR attacks R. N. Wornum (critic, Art Journal) for quoting G. F. Waagen, who in July 1854 had criticised ‘the Pre-Raphaelite heresy’ in The Athenaeum (Brown 131). 12 (Thu) Ruskin offers to buy all EES’s work individually, or pay £150 p/a for everything she completes. DGR pushes for the security of a salary. Ruskin promises to pass onto EES any proﬁt he makes (Fredeman 2:31–2). 14 EES is introduced to FMLR (Fredeman 2:32). 24 Ruskin makes a legal agreement with his lawyer to purchase DGR’s drawings up to a ﬁxed sum per year. Ruskin offers to assist DGR if prevented from marrying EES because of lack of funds (CW 36:198). May MacCracken sells Ecce Ancilla Domini! at auction for 75 guineas to Pearce and First Anniversary of the Death of Beatrice for 50 guineas to Thomas Combe (Fredeman 2:38–9). Hughes works one day a week in DGR’s studio (Hughes 48). Ruskin gives DGR, WMR and EES access to his picture collection, offering EES ‘an Albert Dürer or a photograph for her own room’. Ruskin begins to refer to EES as ‘dear Ida’. He sends her books and recommends she avoids drawing or has an easel screwed to her chair. He wants a signed promise she will wait until next year before painting in oils. Ruskin asks DGR’s advice regarding Turner’s choice and application of pigments. Ruskin is against DGR introducing oil painting in the Working Men’s College (CW 36:201–10). 2 (Wed) Ruskin decides to take all of EES’s work, up to £150 a year (Fredeman 2:35). 4 CGR writes with belated thanks to BRP for the gift of her second edition of Poems, which she had discovered lying in

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DGR’s studio during a visit the previous day (Harrison 1:101). A meeting is held to decide whether an alternative exhibition should be organised outwith the RA, attended by DGR, JEM, WHH, FMB, WCT, Woolner, Hughes, Munro, TS, Michael F. Halliday, Robert Braithwaite Martineau and R. P. Burcham (Brown 138). EES, accompanied by sister Lydia, spends a fortnight in Oxford, persuaded by Ruskin, to be examined by Dr Henry Wentworth Acland. Acland introduces EES to the ‘best society’, including a sister of E. B. Pusey. She examines MSS at the Bodleian Library and Dürer paintings belonging to the Warden of New College. DGR visits. Acland believes EES’s illness ‘lies in mental power long pent up and lately overtaxed’. He advises rest and recuperation in south of France. Acland invites DGR to witness the laying of the ﬁrst stone of the new museum; DGR does not attend because of time and expense (Fredeman 2:40–2, 51–2).

June WA’s Music Master: A Love Story, and Two Series of Day and Night Songs is published with DGR’s Maids of Elfen-Mere (Suriano 196). DGR paints Nativity (S.71) for Ruskin (15 guineas). Ruskin considers it below standard; DGR sells it on. Ruskin reads and offers advice on DGR’s translations (CW 36:214). At the end of the month FMLR and CGR take a holiday in Hastings (Fredeman 2:49–50). 3 (Sun) DGR introduces Woodward to Woolner (Fredeman 2:44). 23–5 DGR visits EES and Lydia in Clevedon, Somerset. They visit the grave of Arthur Hallam. EES returns to London with DGR (Fredeman 2:45, 51). 28 (or possibly January) DGR draws Alfred Chaworth Lyster (S.348) July (July–?Aug) CGR visits Hastings (Harrison 1:101). DGR draws EES (S.473). DGR recommends WA to journalist Eneas Sweetland Dallas. Thomas Keightley praises GR and FMLR in preface to Account of the Life, Opinions and Writings of John Milton (1855). Ruskin, writing Modern Painters (vol. 3), is unable to join DGR on a sketching holiday but suggests Switzerland next summer (CW 36:220; Fredeman 2:58).

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(Sun) DGR writes to FMLR that BLS ‘has long greatly wished for Christina’s acquaintance’, and offers to encourage BLS to visit them in Hastings. DGR is working on Dante’s Vision of Matilda Gathering Flowers (S.72) and Passover in the Holy Family (S.78) for Ruskin (Fredeman 2:48–52). Encouraged by Ruskin, Louisa, Marchioness of Waterford, visits DGR to see his ‘inscrutable’ watercolour method (DGR declines to give her private lessons) (Fredeman 2:50; Brown 143–4). DGR mentions to WA having ended a relationship with a barmaid at Bell Savage, a ‘stunner’, some months ago (Fredeman 2:47–8). Ruskin, wishing to be introduced to MFR, invites her to dinner with DGR and EES; DGR possibly promotes a match (Fredeman 2:47; Marsh 171–2). WBS, who has been in London, leaves for Paris. WMR is unable to accompany him because of work commitments. He thinks of going to Paris with the Rintouls in August (ADC 13:3; Fredeman 2:55).

August 1

(Wed) Gustave Planché reviews Pre-Raphaelite painting, ‘Exposition des Beaux-Arts: L’Ecole Anglaise’, in Revue des Deux Mondes (pp. 465–86). 7 DGR and FMB visit Stafford House, home of the second Duke of Sutherland and his wife Harriet (Mistress of Robes to Queen Victoria), famous for its rich decorations and art (Brown 148). 13–16 DGR and EES stay at Finchley. FMB gives up his room for EES. DGR stays at The Queen’s Head. He paints Dante’s Vision of Rachel and Leah (S.74). FMB thinks DGR behaves very badly (Brown 149). WMR returns from a walking trip to Warwick, Stratford-on-Avon and Kenilworth. He leaves for Paris immediately, where he visits the Universal Exhibition and Gustave Courbet’s Pavilion du Realism (SR 344–5; ADC 16:5; Fredeman 2:60). September DGR executes self-portrait (S.436). He works on Dante’s Vision of Rachel and Leah and Arthur’s Tomb (S.73) for Ruskin. DGR quarrels

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with FGS who spoke ‘irreverently’ about EES. FMB is peeved with DGR who, short of ‘tin’, makes ﬁnancial demands (Brown 154–6; Fredeman 2:63). 18 (Tue)–22 CGR visits the Browns. FMB notes a ‘coldness between her & Gabriel because she & Guggum do not agree’. CGR ‘works at worsted ever & talks sparingly’. WMR visits (Brown 155). 23 Supported by funds from DGR (acquired from FMB) and Ruskin, EES and Mrs Kincaid, a distant cousin of DGR’s, leave for Nice (Fredeman 2:64–6). 26–7 DGR and WMR visit the Brownings at 13 Dorset Street, Marylebone Road. Tennyson is present. He reads ‘Maud’ aloud. RB reads ‘Fra Lippo Lippi’. DGR makes a sketch of Tennyson (S.526) (given to RB, later duplicated for EES). RB recites lines from DGR’s ‘Blessed Damozel’. EBB agrees to sit to DGR for her portrait. She later postpones the arrangement, fearing she will be ‘perpetuated in sublime ugliness by the head of the Pre-Raphaelite school!’ (Lewis 2:177–9; SR 236; FLM 190–1; Fredeman 2:67–9, 80; Adrian 539). The Browns take rooms at 13 Fortress Terrace, Kentish Town (Brown 155). October CGR composes ‘Cobwebs’ (Crump 3:454). DGR paints RB (S.275). He seeks to promote EES’s work to RB. DGR is introduced to RB’s uncle and sister (Fredeman 2:70, 80). DGR ﬁnishes Arthur’s Tomb. Ruskin buys it for 20 guineas (Brown 156). Ruskin asks DGR to repaint Nativity to show to the Archbishop of Salop, and rejects Fra Pace but wants Dante’s Vision of Matilda Gathering Flowers. EES and Kincaid join the Brownings in Paris. Ruskin offers to ﬁnance a sketching trip for DGR to Pont-y-Monach, Wales; DGR rejects painting from nature (CW 36:225–7, 32). 1 (Mon) DGR sends EBB ‘Blessed Damozel’, claiming that it has hardly been altered since being written, excepting a few omissions, but worries ‘lest there should be any property’ of RB or EBB in it (Fredeman 2:69). 22 DGR advises against RB entering William Page’s portrait into the RA exhibition the following year. DGR wants to be the ﬁrst to exhibit portraits of RB and EBB (Fredeman 2:71–2).

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November (Nov–Christmas) CGR works temporarily as a governess at Haigh Hall, Wigan, to the children of Lady Frances Lindsay (Harrison 1:lvii). Ruskin buys Paolo and Francesca (S.75) (35 guineas) and Beatrice Meeting Dante at a Marriage Feast (S.50.R1) (£40), the latter commissioned by EH. Ruskin sells EH Dante’s Vision of Rachel and Leah (40 guineas) (CW 36:228–30). Patmore praises DGR’s translations. He feels the symbolism of Passover in the Holy Family ‘too remote’ (RRP 139–40). DGR greatly admires RB’s Men and Women (receives advance copy). DGR declines Alexander John Scott’s (Principal, Owen’s College) offer to lecture on medieval/early Renaissance art at the Manchester Royal Institution (Fredeman 2:73–8). 5 (Mon) At Haigh Hall, CGR celebrates the anniversary of the battle of Inkerman (1854), an allied victory in the Crimean War, in which a relative of her employers served (Harrison 1:104). 12 EES having run out of money, DGR travels to Paris with Munro. EES is very unwell. DGR spends time with the Brownings at 102 rue de Grenelle, Faubourg St-Germain. He completes RB’s portrait and is introduced to RB’s father and the French critic Joseph Milsand (Brown 157; Fredeman 2:78–83). 13 CGR writes to WMR that ‘I am rejoiced to feel that my health does really unﬁt me for miscellaneous governessing en permanence.’ She is reading Robert Harrison’s Nine Years’ Residence in Russia (1855) and comments that she could do the plates better herself (Harrison 1:102). 20 CGR composes ‘May’ and ‘Unforgotten’ (Crump 1:249, 3:454). 21 DGR draws EES (S.474). 22 DGR returns to London. EES leaves for Nice (Fredeman 2:5). DGR writes ‘Dawn on the Night-Journey’ (WDGR 667). CGR writes to ABH that her governessing ‘duties are not onerous’, she is looked after well and her health is improving, but ‘no situation rivals home’ (Harrison 1:104). December 4 (Tue) FMLR composes a birthday poem for CGR (ADC 6:18). 18 CGR composes ‘An Afterthought’ and ‘To the End’ (Crump 3:455). 31 CGR composes ‘“Zion Said”’ and ‘May’ (Crump 3:456).

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1856 All Saints Sisterhood, Margaret Street, established (Marsh 243). CGR Composition includes CGR and WMR both work on contributions to John Francis Waller’s Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography, through Mary Howitt’s connections (Marsh 189). DGR, according to A. P. Elmslie, opposes Ruskin’s method at the Working Men’s College of making students draw in black and white, then Prussian blue, thinking it will destroy feeling for colour (CW 36:xlv; GBJ 1:192). EBJ is introduced to DGR and WMR through Lushington. DGR encourages EBJ to abandon theological studies in Oxford and become a painter. Impressed by EBJ’s drawings for Archibald Maclaren’s The Fairy Family (1857), DGR gives him tuition. Through EBJ, DGR is introduced to WM and R. W. Dixon. DGR inspires Dixon to become a painter (Dixon 334). It is possible DGR ﬁrst meets Fanny Cornforth and she models for Found (Baum 8). DGR becomes acquainted with Frederic Leighton (Leighton 1:278). Literary composition includes ‘The Woodspurge’ (WDGR xxviii). Pictorial work includes • Oil EP (S.410). • Watercolour Carol (S.79), 1855–56; Seed of David (S.105B). • Pencil, Pen, Ink Return of Tibullus to Delia (S.62F); Faust and Margaret in Prison (S.82), given to Hughes; Bonifazio’s Mistress (S.121B–C); ‘Red Lion Mary’ (S.418), c.1856–59. DGR supplies ﬁve woodcuts for Moxon’s Tennyson (1857) at £30 each: King Arthur and the Weeping Queens (S.84), St Cecilia (S.83), Lady of Shalott (S.85), Mariana in the South (S.86) and Sir Galahad (see S.115). According to WMR, CGR models (PWCGR lxiii). WMR writes DGR took from Tennyson’s text ‘nothing more than a hint and an opportunity’ (FLM 189). Friction with Moxon ensues from DGR’s late submissions (Layard 4–5, 49–51). DGR uses photography to keep a record of his woodblock drawings (ACF 25). Criticism and acclaim Robert Barnabas Brough dedicates his translation of Pierre Jean de Berenger’s Songs of the Empire, the Peace and the Restoration (trans. 1856) to DGR. In Modern Painters, Ruskin praises DGR’s ability in ‘combining symbolism to realism’ (vol. 3, part 4, ch. 8, para. 7). John Ballantyne writes scathingly in What is Pre-Raphaelitism? TPR returns to Italy, unable to ﬁnd work (FLM 34).

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January An anonymous article appears in Eclectic Review (vol. 11, pp. 1–20), declaring the PRB to be ‘a mere sect and schism’. EBJ’s ‘Essay on The Newcomes’, published anonymously in Oxford and Cambridge Magazine (p. 80) (begun by WM, EBJ, Dixon and friends in emulation of Germ), describes DGR’s Maids of Elfen-Mere as ‘the most beautiful drawing for an illustration I have ever seen’. DGR works on Fra Pace (S.80) and Chapel Before the Lists (S.99) (Brown 163). Ruskin considers not returning Passover in the Holy Family to DGR for completion, fearing DGR will spoil Zachariah. WMR becomes engaged to Henrietta Rintoul (broken off 1860) (Brown 181; Thirlwell 16). EES is still in Nice. She reports passport problems to Ruskin (CW 37:232, 697). WHH returns from the East; is disappointed to ﬁnd ‘No tangible combination’ or ‘corporate life’ among PRB members (WHH 2:86–8). WA sends DGR a New Year’s gift of William Hayley’s Ballads Founded on Anecdotes Relating to Animals (1805), illustrated by Blake. DGR receives Page’s portrait of RB into his care (Fredeman 2:78–81). 8 (Tue) DGR writes he has been ‘drenching’ himself in RB’s works. He has given up writing poetry feeling his ideas are derivative (Fredeman 2:79). 10 DGR conﬁdes to FMB his hatred of Inchbold (Fredeman 2:89). 21 CGR composes ‘What happened to me’, later retitled ‘Shut Out’ (Crump 1:252). February Around the start of the month, CP and HFP visit the Rossettis (Harrison 1:106). Aided by FMB and JPS, DGR is commissioned to paint Llandaff Cathedral triptych (Surtees 58). FMB tells WHH, DGR is in Oxford where the University has ‘thrown themselves at his feet’. According to FMB, EES is DGR’s pupil not ﬁancée. WHH claims WMR has entirely given up drawing (WHH 2:86–8). 1 (Fri) CGR composes ‘Now they desire a better country’ (Crump 1:311), later retitled as ‘Conference between Christ, the Saints, and the Soul’ and then as ‘“I Will Lift Up Mine Eyes Unto the Hills”’. 2 CGR writes to ABH that ‘we are here on the threshold of Lent when I never go out’, and so she declines a proposed visit to the Harrisons (Harrison 1:106). 7 CGR composes ‘River Thames (?)’, entitled in another manuscript ‘By the Water’ (Crump 3:457).

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11 14

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CGR composes ‘A Chilly Night’ (Crump 3:457). It is decided MFR will tutor LMB; £40 p/a is agreed to cover board and lodgings; no fee for teaching (Brown 162, 164; SR 420). She stays until 1857 (Thirlwell 50, 58). DGR sends EES, ‘dear dove divine’, a belated valentine poem expressing his loneliness at her absence and his desire for her return (Fredeman 2:97). WMR attends Shakespeare’s Henry VIII at the Prince’s Theatre with FMB and family; Charles Kean and Ellen Terry play Cardinal Wolsey and Queen Katherine. DGR goes to see ‘Stunner No 1’, Louisa Ruth Herbert, at the Strand Theatre in Time Tries All (unidentiﬁed comedy) and Never Despair (unidentiﬁed farce) (Brown 164). The Rossettis take CBC to see FMB, who describes CBC as ‘monosilabic [sic] & ornithological’ in manner. FMB draws WMR’s portrait (Brown 164).

March Ruskin returns Paolo and Francesca to DGR for sale to a dealer and Beatrice Meeting Dante at a Marriage Feast for alterations to bridesmaids’ faces and sleeve of grape-picker. Ruskin sends DGR £30, and asks EH to give him £25, so EES can travel to Switzerland. Ruskin introduces DGR to JPS (Faxon 116). Dalziel approaches DGR about illustrating Poets of the Nineteenth Century (ed. R. A. Wilmott); DGR declines when offered RB’s ‘Two in the Campagna’ or ‘Evelyn Hope’ (recommends FMB). WHH discusses with DGR and Woodward organising an independent exhibition next year. DGR borrows works from Ruskin, GPB and other patrons to hang in his studio, to induce David Thomas White (‘Old White’ of Maddox Street), picture dealer and print seller, to buy Fra Pace (RRP 114–15; Brown 166; CW 36:234–5; Fredeman 2:99–102, 106–8). 1 (Sat) DGR gives GPB a study of a dancing girl (S.48A). 4 Henry Austin Bruce (Liberal MP, Merthyr Tydﬁl) calls on DGR with TS to discuss subject and expense of Llandaff triptych; DGR secures £400 (Fredeman 2:99, 109). 12 CGR composes ‘“Let patience have her perfect work”’ (Crump 3:457). 14 Accompanied by her husband, Margaret Hannay sits to DGR for Dante’s Dream (S.81) (Surtees 42). 19 At Ruskin’s arrangement, DGR’s Beatrice Meeting Dante at a Marriage Feast, Paolo and Francesca and Rachel and Leah are exhibited at a Dante lecture (CW 37:697).

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DGR recommends Miss Lazenby of 35 Wilderness Lane, Blackfriars, a model with a ‘melancholy look’, to FGS, DGR having been introduced by Martineau (Fredeman 2:111). As a favour to DGR, Dallas favourably mentions the unknown Liverpool artist James Campbell in a review of the Society of British Artists exhibition in The Times (p. 10). DGR attempts to inﬂuence a sale with Ruskin or GPB (Brown 173).

April DGR ﬁnishes Dante’s Dream for EH. DGR meets Margaretta Burr (Mrs Higford Burr), employed by Sir Austen Henry Layard to make copies of art threatened with destruction for the Arundel Society (Fredeman 2:118). JEM attacks DGR, feeling he ill deserves his immense reputation (Brown 168–9). 7 (Mon) DGR sends Page’s RB portrait to the RA. It is rejected. DGR is unwilling to send his sketch; he hopes to paint RB and EES shortly (Fredeman 2:112). 14 CGR composes ‘How long?’, later retitled ‘“Our life is long. Not so, wise angels say”’ (Crump 2:459). Modern Painters (vol. 4) is published; DGR objects to Ruskin’s partial quotation of RB’s ‘Bishop Orders his Tomb at St Praxed’s Church’ and connection made with Longfellow. DGR writes to WA that he ‘loathes’ Longfellow’s ‘Song of Hiawatha’ (1855) ‘without reading it’ and expresses dislike for Whitman’s Leaves of Grass (Fredeman 2:118–19). 17 DGR gatecrashes a dinner organised by FMB, to which WMR is invited, in order to belittle WCT. However, peace is made (Brown 170). 18 Persuaded by FMB, JEM visits DGR with Lowes Dickinson; JEM believes DGR does not like him and disapproves of DGR’s close relationship with Ruskin. The two are reconciled; JEM enthuses over Dante’s Dream, Paolo and Francesca and La Belle Dame sans Merci (Brown 169–70). 20 CGR composes ‘Amen’ (Crump 1:266). 23 CGR composes ‘A Martyr’ (Crump 3:458). WMR sends CGR’s ‘Lost Titian’ to WJS for Crayon (Peattie 69). 24 DGR, WCT, TS, FMB and EMB go to the Crystal Palace and view Giotto tracings from Arena Chapel, Padua, commissioned from the Arundel Society. FMB thinks them very bad in contrast to the originals, but to DGR, who has never been to Italy, they are ‘most glorious’ (Brown 170; Fredeman 2:118).

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May EES returns from France, her health unimproved. DGR blames EMB for increased tensions with EES. FMB demands an apology. WA arrives in London on his annual visit. He is DGR and EES’s frequent companion on trips and soirées (AR 77). DGR cajoles Ruskin into discussing William Lindsay Windus’s Burd Helen in Academy Notes. He tries to get GPB to purchase it (already sold) (Brown 173–4). CP agrees to DGR’s request to sell Hist! said Kate the Queen (S.49) to Marshall for 30–40 guineas; she asks DGR to paint EP instead (Fredeman 2:88, 125–6). 3 (Sat) CGR composes ‘In the Lane’ (Crump 3:458). 8 On behalf of Moxon, JEM asks FMB to take over DGR’s Tennyson designs. FMB refuses without DGR’s consent (Brown 172). 9 CGR composes ‘Acme’ (Crump 3:458). 30 EES is to go to Ramsgate with EMB but DGR will not allow her. FMB describes him as ‘bearish’ (Brown 175–6). June 17 26

(Tue) CGR composes ‘A Bed of Forget-Me-Nots’ (Crump 3:459). CGR composes ‘The Chiefest among ten thousand’, part of which becomes ‘“I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills”’ and another part ‘I Know You Not’ (Crump 2:437, 3:459).

July EES and WHH resent DGR’s relationship with Annie Miller. DGR takes her to Bertolini’s and Cremorne Gardens with GPB, and allows her to model for himself and others, against WHH’s express wishes. DGR encourages WM to paint (Kelvin 1:28). DGR goes with Revd William Elliott, an admirer of RB, to see Adelaide Ristori, Italy’s leading tragic actress, in Conte Vittorio Alﬁeri’s Rosmunda and Silvio Pellico’s Francesca da Rimini. Windus asks DGR to supervise woodcut of Burd Helen for The National Magazine; DGR suggests EBJ. DGR receives a banker’s order from a new patron, Thomas E. Plint (Leeds stockbroker) (Brown 181–2; Fredeman 2:88, 130–2). CGR, ‘The Lost Titian’, Crayon (New York; pp. 200–2), for fee of £1 16s 0d (Peattie 70). LNS is in London with EH and dines with the Rossettis, afterwards going to St Mary Magdalen Church with MFR. Probably at the end of the month, MFR spends some of her summer holidays with the Scotts in Newcastle (LNS to WBS, July 1856; TC 5).

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(Sat) CGR composes ‘“Till thou return”’, later retitled ‘Gone Before’ (Crump 3:386). She also composes ‘“Look on this picture and on this”’ (Crump 3:460). FMB: ‘Cristina [sic] Rossetti called, is reading Carlyle with her mother’ (Brown 183). WMR travels from London to Cowes, Isle of Wight (ADC 13:3).

August DGR, ‘Burden of Nineveh’, Oxford and Cambridge Magazine (pp. 512–16). Ruskin is ‘wild to know’ who the author is (CW 36:243). DGR takes RB to see FMB (Brown 185). DGR is a daily visitor at EBJ and WM’s. They read Malory’s Morte d’Arthur (Mackail 1:107–8). Frederick James Furnivall embarrases DGR by writing to AM urging him to publish DGR’s Italian translations when manuscript is incomplete. AM expresses interest (Fredeman 1:364, 2:132). 1 (Fri) WMR crosses to Lymington, Hampshire. He intends to travel to Salisbury, Stonehenge, Southampton, Le Havre and Rouen. He also visits Bayeux, Caen, Coutances, Mont St Michel, Granville, ﬁnally taking the steamer to Jersey (ADC 13:3). 2 DGR describes himself as ‘at the last gasp of time with those woodcuts’ for Moxon’s Tennyson. They are holding up work for Plint (Fredeman 2:130). 13 CGR composes ‘“Now they desire”’ (Crump 3:461). September CGR and FMLR are in Hastings; DGR arranges for them to meet BLS, through his friendship with BRP (Fredeman 3:2–3). 9 (Tue) DGR’s review of FMB’s pictures at the Liverpool Academy of Arts appears in the Daily News. FMB is awarded £50 prize for Christ Washing Peter’s Feet (Brown 186–8; Fredeman 2:133). 10 DGR draws EMB (S.273). 11 CGR composes ‘The Hour and the Ghost’ (Crump 1:243). 15 EMB gives birth to Arthur Gabriel Madox Brown (Brown 188). 30 CGR composes ‘A ﬁght over the body of Homer’, retitled ‘Sit Down in the Lowest Room’ and subsequently ‘The Lowest Room’ (Crump 1:301). October In Weymouth, DGR draws EES (S.475). EH persuades the Brownings to keep Dante’s Dream until their departure for Florence at the end of the

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month (Brown 191). DGR is invited to ‘a great assembling of mediums at Dr James Wilkinson’s’, but can’t attend (Lewis 2:262). 8 (Wed) DGR expresses to FMB his intention to marry EES immediately and honeymoon in Algeria, where BLS, Benjamin and Isabella Leigh Smith are wintering. DGR alienates EES by making no further movements, even when money from a picture comes in (Brown 191, 195–6). 6 CGR composes ‘A Christmas Carol, For My Godchildren’ (Crump 3:462). 24 DGR asks BRP to return his poetry manuscript (either ‘Hymn to the Virgin’ or The Portrait’), because he is thinking of printing his poems. This is the ﬁrst reference to his plans for Poems (Fredeman 3:3). 27 CGR composes ‘“Not yours but you”’ (Crump 3:463). 28 CGR composes ‘Light Love’ (Crump 1:278). November Following Ruskin’s advice, DGR makes further changes to ‘Blessed Damozel’ for publication in Oxford and Cambridge Magazine (pp. 713–15), restoring stanza 11 and omitting four stanzas added in 1850 (BD ix). EES goes to Bath to recuperate. DGR meets the American Thomas Buchanan Read. DGR notes spiritualism is ‘in the ascendent at the Hermitage’. At DGR’s suggestion, WM and EBJ leave Upper Gordon Street, Bloomsbury, taking cheaper, unfurnished rooms at 17 Red Lion Square, DGR and Deverell’s former residence. DGR is a constant visitor. He nicknames their servant Mary Nicholson, ‘Red Lion Mary’. DGR paints ‘some intensely mediaeval furniture’ designed by WM: sides of a settle, panels for cupboard doors depicting Meeting of Dante and Beatrice in Florence and Meeting in Paradise and backs of chairs with Guendolen in the Witch-tower with the Prince Kissing her Long Golden Hair and the Arming of Sir Galahad, inspired by WM’s poems. At the end of the year WM leaves the architectural ofﬁce of George Edmund Street, DGR having persuaded him to pursue painting (Fredeman 2:138, 145–8; GBJ 1:128–36, 145–6; Mackail 1:105–6, 112–14). DGR spends a fortnight travelling daily to FMB’s studio in Finchley. He works on his woodcut St Cecilia. Plint gives DGR 100 guineas advance on 400-guinea commission, possibly for St Cecilia watercolour (Brown 193; Hueffer 112–13). 8 (Sun) In the evening, by gaslight, FMB begins his oil portrait of WMR (completed March 1857) (Thirlwell 15–16).

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Cajoled by DGR, Plint calls on FMB and commissions Work for £420 (Brown 192). TS dies of dysentry in Cairo, aged 35 (Parris 37). CGR composes ‘An Answer’ (Crump 3:463). CGR composes ‘Sir Winter’, written in conjunction with GR’s friend Swynfen Jervis (Crump 3:463).

December The ﬁnal issue of Oxford and Cambridge Magazine contains DGR’s ‘The Staff and Scrip’ (pp. 771–5). Plint offers 60 guineas for a painting of Blessed Damozel. EES begins Clerk Saunders in oil. DGR completes four of his Tennyson illustrations. He protests at the way they are cut by Dalziel Brothers, expressing preference for W. J. Linton, who cuts Mariana in the South and Sir Galahad. DGR hopes to design a second illustration for ‘Sir Galahad’ (Fredeman 2:146). Ruskin urges DGR to apply for Old Water-Colour Society membership, supported by John Lewis. DGR declines, thinking it will jeopardise the sale of his oils (CW 36:249). DGR follows EES to Bath and proposes marriage. He stays at Mrs Green’s, 17 Orange Grove (Brown 196). DGR is invited to Lowes Dickinson’s, Langham Chambers, for a series of life-study classes. DGR thinks he will be unable to attend. FMB and DGR present a small selection of landscapes by William Davis for exhibition at Langham Place studios (Cherry 237). DGR sees the barrister and Celtic philologist Whitley Stokes and the journalist John Ormsby on a regular basis (Fredeman 2:86–8, 146–7, 151). 12 (Tue) CGR composes ‘After This the Judgement’, originally entitled ‘In Advent’ (Crump 1:296). 13 CGR composes ‘Old and New Year Ditties. / 1’, originally entitled ‘The End of the Year’ (Crump 1:265). 18 CGR composes ‘A Trio’, later retitled ‘A Triad’ (Crump 1:238) 19 CGR composes ‘In the days of the Sea Kings’, later retitled ‘Love from the North’ (Crump 1:238). 24 CGR composes ‘In An Artist’s Studio’ (Crump 3:463). 26 WMR writes to WBS: ‘“Aurora Leigh” was sent to Gabriel (as also to Woolner) by Mrs Browning herself; & both of them are unboundedly enthusiastic about it’ (TC 14:17). 31 CGR composes parts 2 and 3 of ‘Old and New Year Ditties’, originally entitled ‘New Year’s Eve’ and ‘The Knell of the Year’ (Crump 1:265).

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1857 CBC publishes Psyche’s Interludes at his own expense (Marsh 288). CGR probably ﬁrst meets John Brett at FMLR’s Thursday evening ‘at homes’. Brett paints her portrait (oil, unﬁnished) at Mickleham, which she may have visited while at nearby Warlingham. He may have proposed to CGR in the summer (Marsh 204–8). Composition includes ?’From Metastasio’ (dated by WMR’s 1896 edition as ‘1857—or earlier rather than later’ and c.1857 in WMR’s manuscript note [ADC 10:3] but in PWCGR dated ‘1868 or rather earlier’ [Crump 3:509]). The translation is from Metastasio’s ‘La Clemenza di Tito’; CGR adds a note in pencil: ‘I must have done this for Traventi who wanted English words to set to music’ (ADC 10:3). CGR composes several poems about secrets and secrecy, often with obscure and puzzling referents: ‘together these poems make 1857 something of an annus mirabilis in her career’ (Marsh 199). Publication CGR and WMR contribute 100 articles to Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography (1857–63) (SR 301). DGR A Medieval Society is formed by WHH, FMB, WM, DGR, WMR and Ruskin to promote study and preservation of medieval artifacts. Additional members include WBS, Benjamin Woodward, George Edmund Street, G. F. Bodley, William Burges and John Richard Clayton (Morowitz 71; Cherry 243). Around this time WM and EBJ, inﬂuenced by DGR, begin to read Johann Wilhelm Meinhold’s Sidonia the Sorceress (trans. 1844). DGR introduces EBJ to Plint (GBJ 1:154). Dixon, living with EBJ and WM at Red Lion Square, receives artistic tuition from DGR, probably in ﬁrst half of year (Sambrook 27; Dixon 334). DGR secures EBJ’s ﬁrst stained glass commission with James Powell & Sons, Good Shepherd, for King Street Congregational Church, Maidstone (Sewter 2). Late summer, DGR, WM, EBJ and Arthur Hughes ﬁrst see JM, daughter of Robert Burden of Holywell Street, while at the theatre behind Randolph’s Hotel, Oxford, with her sister. At DGR’s request, she agrees to sit the next day but does not appear. EBJ later meets her in the street and persuades her to come the following day (GBJ 1:168; Salmon 20). Literary composition includes the comic verse ‘Dalziel Brothers’ (WDGR xxxiv). Publication ‘Sister Helen’ is printed in Oxford for private circulation (BS 92). DGR contemplates starting a new ‘art paper’. He is asked to contribute a biography of FMB to Men of the Time (Fredeman 2:157, 175).

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Pictorial work includes • Oil St Catherine (S.89). • Watercolour St Cecilia (S.83.R1); Mary Nazarene (S.87); Mary Magdalene Leaving the House of Feasting (S.88); Blue Closet (S.90); Tune of the Seven Towers (S.92); Damsel of the Sanct Grael (S.91); Wedding of St George and Princess Sabra (S.97); Chapel Before the Lists (S.99), 1857–64; Gate of Memory (S.100); Death of Breuze Sans Pitie (S.101). • Pencil, Pen, Ink, Crayon Sir Galahad, Sir Bors and Sir Percival Receiving the Sanc Grael (S.94); Sir Launcelot in the Queen’s Chamber (S.95); Sir Galahad and an Angel (S.96); St Luke the Painter (S.102); Skeleton in Armour (S.103), c.1857–58; St John Comforting the Virgin at the Foot of the Cross (S.104), 1857–58; Mrs John Hungerford Pollen (S.414); Caricature of WM Presenting a Ring to his Future Wife (S.597). DGR and WM visit Woodward in Oxford where he is engaged in building the University’s new Union Debating Hall. DGR offers to carry out a decorative mural scheme, choosing subjects from Morte d’Arthur. WM and EBJ agree to help. FMB and WHH decline. DGR also engages the help of Hughes, J. R. Spencer Stanhope, VCP, Munro and John Hungerford Pollen (Champneys 2:328). They promise to work for free if the University will cover travel, lodgings and materials (GBJ 1:158–61; Mackail 1:117–18; Fredeman 2:225, 376–8). Criticism Revd Edward Young of Trinity College, Cambridge, attacks Pre-Raphaelite phenomenon in Pre-Raphaelitism; or a Popular Enquiry into Some Newly Asserted Principles Connected with Philosophy, Poetry, Religion and Revolution of Art. Ruskin praises DGR’s use of colour and likens him to Turner in ‘On Colour and Composition’ in Elements of Drawing: Letter III. WMR donates £1 to Highgate Penitentiary, possibly on behalf of CGR (he regularly donates money 1857–70) (Marsh 220). WMR is introduced to Frederick A. Sandys at a party held by William Sandys Wright Vaux (SR 321). WMR meets J. Farrell Hogg who introduces the Rossettis to CAH. WMR gives CAH a copy of his translation of Dante and Germ. Towards the end of 1857 the Rossettis break with Hogg, learning from CAH of his ‘very disgraceful character’ (Howell 1; FLM 257). Publication Assists with Oxford English Dictionary. AM refuses to publish WMR’s translation of Dante’s Inferno at the press’s expense (Peattie 78–9).

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January DGR ﬁnishes Lady of Shalott. He would like to illustrate ‘Two Voices’ and wants FMB to do ‘Vision of Sin’. DGR asks Lowes Dickinson if WM and EBJ can join his life classes (Fredeman 2:167–9). 4 (Sun) DGR, WMR, FMB, WHH and Mark Anthony organise a testimonial committee for TS. It is proposed to hold a memorial exhibition (DGR suggests unﬁnished works should be completed by friends); organise a subscription to purchase Jerusalem and the Valley of Jehoshaphat from the Hill of Evil Counsel (1854) from TS’s widow for a public institution (National Gallery); and provide a stipend for her. WMR acts as secretary, Farrell Hogg under-secretary and Ruskin treasurer. Nearly £600 is raised. In recognition of WMR’s efforts the family present him with TS’s Palmtrees (c.1856, watercolour). DGR invites Dr Henry Wentworth Acland to subscribe or purchase a TS painting and H. A. Bruce, WA, Tom Taylor and Theodore Martin to join the committee (ADC 18:4; Brown 199; Fredeman 2:158–62, 168, 198). February FMB ﬁnishes WMR’s portrait (Brown 194). DGR describes WM and EBJ as ‘now very intimate friends of mine’. DGR, FMB, WHH, EBJ and WM discuss the possibility of setting up a live-in ‘college’. DGR hopes to be married by then but alienates EES who is not adequately consulted. She objects to living with WHH. DGR resents FMB’s interference (Fredeman 2:170–2). 28 (Sat) WMR’s ‘Abstract and Naturalism in Art’ is published in Edinburgh Weekly Review (pp. 3–6). March EES is incensed by DGR’s procrastination, and so DGR discusses marriage arrangements with FMB. He borrows £10 to buy a marriage licence but spends it (Brown 196). 7 (Sat) WMR, ‘Pre-Raffaelitism’, Edinburgh Weekly Review (pp. 22–4). 13 DGR asks FMB for more money. DGR now owes FMB £36 10s 0d and EES owes £6 (Brown 196). 14 FMB’s diary: ‘Miss Siddall has been here 3 days & is I fear dying. She seems now to hate Gabriel in toto’ (Brown 195). 18 EES, who is in Hampstead, refuses to see DGR about whom she says abusive things. DGR and FMB attend a public meeting at the Working Men’s College at which Ruskin

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April 16

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praises DGR effusively but neglects to mention Woolner, FMB thinks spitefully (Brown 195–6). EMB informs DGR that EES is willing to see him. FMB joins them in Hampstead and witnesses ‘such a scean [sic] of recrimination as never’. FMB thinks EES is relenting (Brown 196). DGR wants to introduce Woolner to William James Linton who has proposed producing an illustrated volume of RB and EBB’s poems (Fredeman 2:176). WMR, ‘Externals of Sacred Art’, Edinburgh Weekly Review (pp. 67–9).

(Thu)–20 DGR is in Cardiff for the re-opening of Llandaff Cathedral. He attends lunch at the Bishop’s and visits Bruce’s home outside Cardiff (Fredeman 2:178–9). CGR composes ‘Fata Morgana’ (Crump 1:249). Arthur Brown is christened. DGR and EES are unable to attend (Fredeman 2:178–9).

May Moxon’s Poems by Alfred Tennyson is published. DGR writes to WM that Tennyson loathes his ﬁve illustrations. Ruskin reluctantly allows his agreement with EES to lapse, EES being insufﬁciently well to produce regular pictures (ADC 17:9; Fredeman 2:159, 180). 4 (Mon) Frederick Sandys’s Nightmare satirises JEM’s Dream of the Past (1857), depicting JEM as Sir Isumbras and DGR and WHH as children carried across a ford by Ruskin (donkey), accompanied by satirical verses by Tom Taylor (Sandys 131–2). 25 A semi-public Pre-Raphaelite Exhibition opens at 4 Russell Place, Fitzroy Square, for one month, with 72 works on display by 22 artists. It is largely organised by FMB. Subscribers pay £10 per share. DGR shows 7 pictures, including Dante’s Dream, Mary Nazarene and Blue Closet, and 5 photographs of his Tennyson drawings. EES exhibits 5 works. Other contributors include WHH, JEM, FMB, WBS, GPB, Davis, Hughes, Collins, Windus, Inchbold, Brett, Joseph Wolf, Martineau and James Campbell (ADC 17:9; Brown 198; ACF 26; Boyce 78). DGR envisages another Pre-Raphaelite exhibition the following year (Fredeman 2:185).

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June DGR introduces JLT to Woodward in Oxford. There he meets John Hungerford Pollen. DGR admires his murals in Merton Chapel. DGR arranges for Pollen to meet Patmore, a fellow new convert to Roman Catholicism. Plint commissions a painting from EBJ who chooses ‘Blessed Damozel’ as his subject (Fredeman 2:185–8). 6 (Sat) CGR composes ‘One Day’ (Crump 1:276). 30 CGR composes ‘A Better Resurrection’ and ‘Introspective’ (Crump 1:258, 3:464). July Norton makes favourable mention of the central panel of DGR’s Llandaff triptych in the ﬁrst issue of Atlantic Monthly (DGR sends ‘Love’s Nocturn’ but it fails to arrive in time). DGR thinks of publishing ‘Hand and Soul’ and ‘St Agnes of Intercession’. Manchester Art Treasures and Liverpool Academy exhibitions open (Fredeman 2:159, 192–3). WA is in London and attends breakfast parties with DGR, WM, EBJ, Hughes, Whitley Stokes, FGS, GPB, Hannay and Patmore (AR 78). DGR introduces EBJ to the Prinseps of Little Holland House, and to GFW their house guest (GBJ 1:159). CGR plans a short visit to Boulogne-sur-mer with CP (not known if it takes place). Later with MFR she stays at Warlingham, Surrey, visiting family friends John and Ellen Epps and their guest LNS (Harrison 1:109; Marsh 192–3). On 25 July LNS writes to WBS: ‘Christina is much less peculiar and more suited to visit. Sweet placid and pliable and so devoted to Maria. We must certainly have her here next year. Still of course I am faithful to my affectionate Maria. I think it highly probable we should have her’ (TC 5). 3 (Fri) CGR offers WMR’s Russell Place exhibition catalogue to ABH and looks forward to discussing the paintings with her. She thanks ABH for visiting the exhibition and mentions her own visit to the Turner Gallery at Marlborough House: ‘[we] saw many beauties; but I fear I am deﬁcient in the Turner faculty’ (Harrison 1:109–110). 4 Reviewing the Russell Place exhibition in Saturday Review (pp. 11–12), Patmore describes ‘profound thoughtfulness’ as the leading characteristic of DGR’s work. 7 CGR composes ‘A Peal of Bells’ (Crump 1:248). 13 Arthur Brown is taken ill and dies in ‘one painful week’ (Fredeman 2:159). FMB notes in his diary that DGR and EES do not pay their shares for the Russell Place exhibi-

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tion so FMB has to ask Plint for money to bury his son (Brown 198). LNS and EH meet CGR and MFR among the pictures in South Kensington (LNS to WBS 18 July 1857, NUL). WMR writes to Dr Heimann to ask him to act as a referee, having agreed to stand with two others as surety on a £100 loan. He mentions his current salary is £360 and ‘I pick up a little odd money otherwise’ (RHC 4:4). CGR and MFR accompany LNS and EH to Wallington (LNS to WBS 18 July 1857, NUL). Arthur Brown is buried in St Pancras Cemetery (Fredeman 2:159).

August DGR is invited by BLS to spend a week at Scalands but is too busy in Oxford painting life-size ﬁgure murals in distemper in ten bays of the Union Debating Hall. DGR offers artistic assistance to BLS’s sister. DGR hopes to have the murals ﬁnished in six weeks. Scaffolding is set up and windows whitened out (decorated with caricatures of wombats). An assistant is employed to prepare colours. According to FMB, vast sums are spent on expensive colours including lapis lazuli and ultramarine (Hueffer 148). WM begins and ﬁnishes his mural ﬁrst and starts work on roof. Charles Faulkner, a mathematics tutor and fellow, helps (GBJ 1:158–61). DGR paints Sir Lancelot’s Vision of the Sanc Grail (S.93), using EBJ as model. Painting is made difﬁcult by ill-prepared surface of walls. Prinsep declares ‘the whole building rang with chaff and laughter’ (Prinsep 169). Munro carves a relief in stone for typanum over porch, designed by DGR, Round Table with Arthur and his Knights. The group lodge at 87 High Street, opposite Queen’s College. EES leaves London for Shefﬁeld where she stays with friends and attends classes at School of Art (GBJ 1:160–3; Fredeman 2:195, 225–6). 27 (Thu) CGR composes ‘“The heart knoweth its own bitterness”’, part of which becomes a separate poem ‘“Whatsoever is right, that shall ye receive”’ (Crump 3:464). September CGR composes ‘In the Round Tour at Jhansi, June 8, 1857’ (Crump 1:237). She also probably works on her Leopardi entry for Imperial Dictionary and writes to Adolf Heimann for information (Harrison 1:111).

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8 12

15

(Tue) CGR composes ‘“Reﬂection”’, entitled in another manuscript ‘Day Dreams’ (Crump 3:465). CGR composes ‘A Coast-Nightmare’, later sent to the Portfolio Society (Groot), and part of which is published as a separate poem (Crump 3:465, 2:314). CGR also composes ‘For One Sake’ (Crump 3:466). CGR composes ‘When Harvest failed’, later retitled ‘Another Spring’ (Crump 1:248).

October CGR, ‘Nick: A Child’s Story’, The National Magazine (p. 2). DGR and his team are still working on Oxford Union murals. The academic year has begun and they are forced to move lodgings to 13 George Street. They are joined in their work by Birkbeck Hill, Henry Swan, ACS, St John Tyrwhitt of Christ Church, Bennet (former treasurer of the Union) and some of EBJ’s and WM’s 1855 Oxford friends, including Edwin Hatch, Richard Watson Dixon and Cormell Price. The group receives polite invitations to dinner from university ﬁgures, including Acland. There are complaints from the Union regarding expenses incurred by the overly extended project. The treasurer (later president), Charles Bowen of Balliol, stands up for the group, and they are made honorary members and given a loan of £350. DGR returns to London sporadically because of work pressure and illness of EES (FLDGR 148; GBJ 1:160–9; Mackail 1:120–8; Prinsep 171; Dixon 335). DGR makes his ﬁrst drawing of JM (S.363). DGR asks Lady Pauline if Sir Walter Trevelyan would recommend Hogg for post of secretary to Cumberland and Westmoreland County Constabulary (Fredeman 2:197–8). 5 (Mon) DGR makes a number of ﬁgure studies (S.705). 20 ‘American Exhibition of British Art’, organised by Augustus Ruxton, with pictures chosen by FMB, opens at the National Academy of Design, New York, with 356 oils, watercolours and drawings by artists including EES, GPB, WHH, WBS, Hughes, Windus and FMB, but not DGR. WMR acts as secretary and gives his ﬁrst public speech. The exhibition meets with little success because of Gambart’s interference (Bornand 189; Brown 199; Boyce 78; Fredeman 2:159). November WMR draws under Ruskin’s supervision at the Working Men’s College (SR 181). 1 (Sun) FMB visits DGR in Oxford (Hueffer 147).

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CGR composes Part I of ‘Memory’, originally entitled ‘A Blank’ (Crump 1:283). DGR receives word EES is ill and goes straight to Cartledge’s, Lime Tree View, Matlock, Derbyshire, where EES has gone to try ‘the hydropathic system’. FMLR is worried at DGR’s long absence and silence (FLDGR 147; Fredeman 2:199). CAH writes his ﬁrst known letter to the Rossettis, asking WMR for autographs of Ruskin and DGR (Howell 3). CGR composes ‘A Birthday’ (Crump 1:241). DGR visits Haddon Hall, Derbyshire (Fredeman 2:200). DGR writes to WMR requesting a loan of as much as can be managed (Fredeman 2:201). CGR composes ‘An Apple-Gathering’ and ‘Nonsense’, later retitled ‘Winter: My Secret’ (Crump 1:244, 247).

December DGR paints Christmas Carol (S.98). DGR receives £84 advance from Plint for Wedding of St George (Fredeman 2:201). 5 (Sat) CGR writes to ABH commemorating her twenty-seventh birthday and their 15 years’ friendship (Harrison 1:112). 8 CGR composes ‘My Friend’. Sometime between this date and 14 April 1858, CGR probably composes ‘Maude Clare’ (Crump 1:306, 244). 26 Patmore’s ‘Walls and Wall-Painting at Oxford’ is published in Saturday Review (pp. 583–4), describing DGR’s mural as ‘positively radiant’.

1858 CGR BLS paints Prickly-Pear Thicket in Algeria (watercolour), which she later gives to CGR (ADC 18:4). DGR exhibits Dante’s Dream, Wedding of St George and Christmas Carol at Liverpool Exhibition (Fredeman 2:191). WHH claims DGR avoids JEM, Woolner and himself. Woolner reports to WHH that DGR talks of himself as originator and leader of the PRB (WHH 2:134). During 1858–59 DGR sees EES less frequently, spending time with new sitters JM and Ruth Herbert (ADC 17:9). DGR reads JPS’s Memoirs and Letters of Thomas Seddon, Artist (1858). He objects to the discussion of Penelope, which does not take into account FMB’s posthumous labour (Fredeman 2:230).

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Literary composition includes ‘Jenny’ (revised and expanded 1858–70); ‘God’s Graal’ (begun); ‘Lancelot and Guenevere’ (prose plot summary) (WDGR xxiii, xxx, xxxvi). Pictorial work includes • Watercolour Golden Water (S.107); Head of Christ (S.109E); Mary in the House of St John (S.110); Ruth Herbert (S.335), 1858–59. • Pencil, Pen, Ink, Crayon Hamlet and Ophelia (S.108); Lady Dalrymple (S.312), c.1858–62; Herbert (S.325–8) (S.329–33, S.336, c.1858–9); JM (S.364); EP (S.411); Stunner No. 1 (S.598). WMR Scott (possibly William Scott, eminent Puseyite and frequent contributor to The Spectator) replaces Rintoul as editor of The Spectator. Through Scott, WMR meets the landscape painter Andrew McCallum and his ﬁrst wife. WMR becomes art critic of Saturday Review. The post does not extend beyond the year because of the proprietor Beresford Hope’s aversion to Pre-Raphaelitism. FMB writes angrily to WMR in his capacity as secretary of American exhibitions, as a number of his paintings are damaged during transit; he receives very little ﬁnancial reward and his works are returned too late to be entered into the main English exhibitions, resulting in complaints from lenders (Hueffer 157). (Winter 1858/59) WMR assists Ruskin sorting and arranging Turner bequest to the National Gallery (SR 181, 297–9). January Hogg denounces CAH to WMR as a slanderer and ‘cur’ (PRT 48–9). Ruskin offers to reduce DGR’s debt to him by 70 guineas if DGR paints another Oxford Union mural (only six are complete) (CW 36:273). 4 (Mon) CGR writes to ABH: ‘How short 57 appears in retrospect, how pigmy its pains and pleasures: so I suppose ones whole life will look when the new year not of months and days is born; so all ones pains and pleasures and crises except in their eternal aspect’ (Harrison 1:113). 5 At Thomas Falcon Marshall’s request, GPB sends DGR’s Borgia, along with a portfolio of his own sketches, to the Philographic Society, a sketching club meeting in Walter John Whitehead’s studio, 21 Savile Row (Boyce 20). 23 DGR intends to return to Matlock to be with EES (Fredeman 2:206). 27 Fanny Cornforth sits to DGR (ﬁrst mention of her in letters and diaries of period) (Surtees 160).

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February JM agrees to marry WM (Salmon 22). 3 (Wed) American Exhibition of British Art opens at Pennsylvania Academy of Arts, Philadelphia. Picture numbers are reduced to 232 (Fredeman 2:228). 9 Marriage of Collinson and Eliza Wheeler (Marsh 201). 28 Woolner writes to Pauline Trevelyan: ‘You will be sorry to hear that G— R— has taken up that foolish but growing obsession, Spiritual Rapping, and declares he can make ghosts & spirits talk to him all he pleases’ (NUL). March WM dedicates Defence of Guinevere and Other Poems to DGR. April Repairs are carried out in DGR’s rooms, Chatham Place. DGR is still in Matlock with EES whose health is deteriorating. There he paints Before the Battle (S.106). Following a request by RB, DGR seeks to introduce FMB to Major Gillum (Crimean ofﬁcer and amateur artist), who wants to obtain lessons in landscape painting (Fredeman 2:209–10; Boyce 83). 5 (Mon) American Exhibition of British Art opens at Boston Athenaeum with 86 new works on display, including Woolner’s bronze medallions of RB, Tennyson and Carlyle (Fredeman 2:228). 10 Hogarth Club is founded by GPB, FMB, WMR, DGR, FGS, EBJ, WM, Hughes, Woolner, Spencer Stanhope, Henry Wallis, W. S. Burton and Charlton G. Lane, as a meeting and exhibiting place for sympathetic painters, sculptors, architects, writers, collectors and professionals. The committee consists of FMB, EBJ, WMR and Stanhope. FGS acts as honorary secretary. The subscription rate is £3 10s 0d–£4 p/a (£2 10s 0d for nonartists or non-London members). Davis, Windus, A. W. Hunt and Campbell join but JEM, WCT and Augustus (Leopold) Egg refuse (WHH 2:142–3; Cherry 237–8). 14 CGR composes ‘Ding Dong Bell’, later retitled ‘Autumn’ (Crump 1:281). 29 WMR leaves for Boulogne (Harrison 1:114). May DGR is visited by Henry Arthur Bright (critic, The Athenaeum and Examiner) (Fredeman 2:210). DGR probably ﬁrst meets Arthur Joseph

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Munby (poet and philanthropist) who begins teaching at the Working Men’s College (Hudson 13). 2 (Sun) CGR composes ‘Advent’ (Crump 1:258). 4 A meeting to discuss the Hogarth Club is held at EBJ and WM’s rooms, Red Lion Square. FMB is chairman. Present are WMR, WM, FMB, FGS, Hughes, Street, Thomas Morten, Brett, Martineau, Roddam Spencer Stanhope and Henry Wallis. Membership continues to grow throughout year (Boyce 22). 7 DGR, FMB, GPB, Fred Warren, John Richard Clayton, George Frederick Bodley and Street attend Committee of Medieval Society in Burges’s rooms (Boyce 22). 21 DGR’s St Catherine is sold at Christie’s to Gambart (Fredeman 2:191). 22 DGR gives GPB Girl Trundling an Infant (S.61) (Boyce 23). 29 DGR gets GPB’s landlady’s daughter, Annie Harrison, to sit to him. The results are disappointing as Burges bullies him into using vellum rather than paper. DGR gives the drawing to GPB. Questioned by Burges as to his method of laying on oils, DGR says he begins ‘by modelling it thoroughly in pure blue, tempered with white where necessary’. Local colour is added secondarily (Boyce 23). June Serious negotiations begin with AM for publication of DGR’s translations. DGR sends him his translations of Guido Cavalcanti’s poems. The printer Whittingham begins to set proofs (Fredeman 2:205, 216–17). CGR visits LNS and WBS in Newcastle. She ﬁrst meets Sir Walter and Lady Pauline Trevelyan (Marsh 209–10). 2 (Wed) DGR makes a couple of rough sketches, one of a ‘Stunner’ at Oxford, presumably JM, which he tears into fragments. GPB rescues it from the ﬁre. GPB notes that, through Tom Taylor, DGR has persuaded the actress Louisa Ruth Herbert (Mrs Edward Crabbe) of the Olympic Theatre to sit to him (Boyce 23–4). 10 A meeting is held at WHH’s to discuss the importance of supporting the Liverpool Academy, attended by DGR, WHH, EBJ, FGS, GPB, VCP, Wallis, Henry Holiday, Martineau, Barwell, Miss (Emily?) Hunt, Brett, Egg and Stanhope. DGR takes down names of those who will send and numbers promised (Boyce 24).

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29

The Scotts take CGR to Marsden to show her coastal scenery (WBS to Pauline Trevelyan, NUL). CGR leaves Newcastle, and composes ‘Goodbye’ about her departure, which forms the ﬁrst ten lines of a poem entitled ‘“Parting after Parting”’(Crump 2:445). DGR receives his ﬁrst sitting from Herbert. He borrows two sketches by GPB of Babbacombe coast to help him paint Writing on the Sand (S.111) (Boyce 24). DGR tells WBS that WM is to ﬁnish Sir Lancelot’s Vision of the Sanc Grail and paint Sir Galahad, Sir Bors and Sir Percival Receiving the Sanc Grael, designed by DGR, in the Oxford Union, while DGR starts Sir Lancelot in the Queen’s Chamber. WBS describes the Oxford Union murals as much deteriorated. A committee, appointed to bring matters to completion, has offered DGR money to ﬁnish the murals. DGR’s proposal that WM complete the project is rejected (Prinsep 172; Fredeman 2:212–13). CGR writes to LNS enclosing a poem about her visit (‘Mr. and Mrs. Scott, and I’) (Harrison 1:115–16). CGR writes to Lady Trevelyan thanking her for passing on the collars made by poor women in Seaton, Devonshire, and agreeing to purchase them all. She is reading, with admiration, the ﬁrst two volumes of Carlyle’s Frederick the Great (Harrison 1:117). CGR composes ‘After the Pic-nic’, later retitled ‘At Home’ at DGR’s suggestion (Crump 1:238; Fredeman 2:346), and also ‘Up-Hill’ (Crump 1:256). CGR also composes parts II and III of ‘Spring Fancies’, originally entitled ‘Today and Tomorrow’ (Crump 3:369). DGR considers ‘At Home’ probably the best of all CGR’s poems, and WMR terms 29 June 1858 a ‘redletter day in Christina’s poetic calendar’, because of the quality of her compositions (PWCGR 482).

July DGR stays with WM at Red Lion Square to get away from the ‘river stink’. DGR works on Seed of David (S.105) and Mary Magdalene at the Door of Simon the Pharisee (S.109). EBJ and Herbert model. Ruskin wants to swap latter for St Catherine (CW 36:272). DGR hopes to begin work on Ruskin’s portrait soon. DGR ﬁnishes Before the Battle for Norton (50 guineas). DGR sends him proofs for EIP, stressing the originality of his project and value for understanding Dante’s early life. DGR envisages the volume to be a large one, including biographical material on the

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poets. Norton sends DGR a photograph of a Giorgione he has acquired. DGR thinks it genuine, describing it as ‘a thing to dream before’ (Fredeman 2:219, 224–8). 3 (Sat) CGR writes to Lady Pauline Trevelyan about a recent visit by AMH, ‘Not a word did I hear of spirits or mediums’ (Harrison 1:118). 8 The Hogarth Club has secured premises at 178 Piccadilly. Members are invited to submit works of art for exhibition on or after 12 July. It is decided the exhibition space will be open all year and kept private. Entrance is to be through tickets issued to family and friends. Critical reviews are not welcome (Cherry 238). 9 CGR composes ‘The Convent Threshold’ and ‘Christian and Jew. / A Dialogue’ (Crump 1:255, 259). 12 DGR draws For the Beneﬁt of Miss Herbert (S.599). 15 Le vicomte Henri Delaborde criticises Pre-Raphaelites in Revue des Deux Mondes (pp. 241–60) (Ghose 76). 16 CGR composes ‘A Burthen’, parts of which become two separate poems: an untitled poem and another entitled ‘“Then whose shall those things be?”’ (Crump 2:438, 3:466). August WMR stays at Coast Guard Station, Freshwater Gate, Isle of Wight, with Henrietta Rintoul and mother (ADC 13:3). DGR agrees to paint a replica of Mary in the House of St John for Lady Trevelyan for 100 guineas (original still not delivered to EH) (Fredeman 2:231). 6 (Fri) CGR composes ‘Yet a little while’. The ﬁrst and second stanzas form a separate poem ‘“Vanity of Vanities”’ and the third and fourth stanzas become ‘“Earth has clear call of daily bells”’ (Crump 2:433, 3:467). Between this date and 15 October 1858, CGR composes ‘Only believe’, part of which becomes a poem entitled ‘“What good shall my life do me?”’ (Crump 2:454, 3:467). 11 MFR joins CP on a visit to the Polydores in Gloucester and then onwards to the Scotts in Newcastle (Harrison 1:119). 18 DGR is away on a water cure (Harrison 1:120). September FMB talks of Hogarth Club as ‘languishing frightfully’ because of people being out of town (Cherry 238). WHH eventually agrees to join

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to encourage FMB whose plan to form an artistic community he had criticised (WHH 2:142–3). 1 (Mon) WMR spends the day with Tennyson on the Isle of Wight. He and his wife admire DGR’s King Arthur and the Weeping Queens, considering it the best design in Moxon’s edition (ADC 13:3). 6 CGR probably working on her Petrarch entry for Imperial Dictionary (Harrison 1:121). 7 WMR returns to London (ADC 13:3). 20 DGR draws Herbert (S.326). October DGR goes to Oxford to work on the murals but is unable to get the Union Committee to erect the necessary scaffolding (Fredeman 2:234). WHH claims that at his instigation Thomas Combe buys DGR’s First Anniversary of the Death of Beatrice (S.58) for £52 10s 0d. According to WHH, when he hangs Valentine Rescuing Sylvia from Proteus at the Hogarth Club, DGR immediately has his works removed: ‘The Club was conducted from the beginning in this envious spirit […] In balloting for new members the decisions were directed by prejudice – not against the candidate, but his nominator and supporters’ (WHH 2:143–4; Surtees 22). 13 (Wed) DGR sends FMB a proof prospectus for next term at the Working Men’s College and asks FMB to take over his class (Fredeman 2:233). 15 CGR composes ‘“The love of Christ which passeth knowledge”’ (Crump 1:257). 16–22 DGR is with EES at Matlock (Fredeman 2:207). November DGR ﬁnishes Mary in the House of St John for Trevelyan; the original (which becomes the replica) still hasn’t been delivered to EH (Fredeman 2:234). During this month’s election of new members to the Hogarth Club, none of the artistic candidates is accepted (Cherry 238). FMB takes over DGR’s class at the Working Men’s College (Hueffer 159). 11 (Tue) CGR composes ‘A Yawn’, part of which becomes another poem entitled ‘By the Sea’ (Crump 1:297, 3:469). CGR also composes ‘A shadow of Dorothea’, part of which is included in another poem entitled ‘“As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country”’ (Crump 2:448, 3:468).

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12 19

Building News publishes a review of the Hogarth Club (p. 1122). CGR composes ‘“Sorrow not as those who have no hope”’, later retitled ‘From House to Home’ (Crump 1:263).

December WMR’s ‘Externals of Sacred Art’ is published in The Crayon (pp. 333–6). Scott resigns as editor of The Spectator. WMR, reluctant to work under a new editor, resigns (SR 298). Art Journal publishes a review of the Hogarth Club (p. 374). DGR draws Herbert (S.327). 3 (Fri) WMR, Stanhope, WHH and VCP box under Alec Reid’s instruction, possibly at Cambrian pub, Castle Street, Leicester Square (Boyce 25, 84). 9 DGR suggests the historical painter Eyre Crowe as a desirable member of the Hogarth Club. He doesn’t want Arthur James Lewis, but will not oppose his admission (Fredeman 2:235). 16 DGR probably draws GPB at his easel while Cornforth leans over his shoulder (previously believed to be by VCP) (Boyce 25, 86). 25 DGR writes to FMB concerning the Hogarth Club exhibition that now ‘the mistakes in elections turn up most lamentably’. He mentions the ‘laborious removal’ of the work of young Thomas Morton. DGR criticises the ‘3 staring shop Puseyisms’ by William Shakespeare Burton and ‘very second-rate’ landscapes of A. W. Hunt. DGR had intended to show Mary in the House of St John, but Trevelyan wants it home, and Seed of David, but it is not ﬁnished. DGR thinks it wise to postpone the exhibition until the committee is more organised (Fredeman 2:236–7). 27 DGR borrows To Caper Nimbly and Annunciation from GPB for repainting. He intends to transform the former into a Borgia subject (Surtees 15).

1859 CGR (early 1859) begins work at Highgate Penitentiary as an Associate Sister (until c.1870), by the summer spending extended periods on duty (on 3 August CGR tells ABH that she hasn’t seen WBS in London because she was ‘away almost the whole time at Highgate’ [Harrison 1:125]). CGR declines the invitation to be a Highgate superintendent. She also frequently engages in parish visit-

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ing in her district (Albany Street) (Bell 54). Marsh suggests CGR’s poetic output is reduced in the ﬁrst half of this year owing to her work at Highgate (Marsh 228). WMR reports LNS as writing in 1860: ‘Christina is now an associate [of Highgate Penitentiary], and wore the dress—which is very simple, elegant even; black with hanging sleeves, a muslin cap with lace edging, quite becoming to her with the veil’ (PWCGR 485). Publication ‘An End’, in WA (ed.), Nightingale Valley (Crump 1:241). DGR, through RB, introduced to Page (Fredeman 2:271). In spring ﬁrst meets John Skelton (‘Shirley’), who for several years remains a close friend (Skelton 76). DGR is one of George Augustus Sala’s ‘most frequent visitors’ (Sala 1:339). Literary composition includes ‘After the French Liberation of Italy’, ‘Even So’, ‘A Little While’ and ‘A New Year’s Burden’; revises and extends ‘The Bride’s Prelude’ (WDGR xxiii, xxviii). Pictorial work includes • Watercolour Giotto Painting the Portrait of Dante (S.54.R1); Mary in the House of St John (S.110.R1); Writing on the Sand (S.111); Bower Garden (S.112); My Lady Greensleeves (S.113). Ruskin sends St Catherine and La Belle Dame sans Merci back to DGR for revision (c.1859), the green in the latter having ‘evaporated or sunk into the dress’ and the former having a ‘rubbed’ look which Ruskin attributes to DGR’s ‘careless’ use of colours (CW 36:301). One PreRaphaelite patron complains of ‘the ugly female faces in the bulk of the Pre-Raphaelite works’ to FMB, saying ‘Rossetti has much to answer for this, for he has constantly red hair and the same type of face in his models’ (Hueffer 165). Criticism Raffaele Monti criticises the Pre-Raphaelites in Gazette des Beaux-Arts (vol. 1, p. 52; vol. 2, pp. 179–80) (Ghose 77). MFR (early 1859) begins work with the All Saints Sisters of the Poor in Marylebone (Marsh 226). January DGR works on Seed of David and a large oil Mary Magdalene at the Door of Simon the Pharisee. He is sent £50 towards the former from Bruce. DGR thinks of taking on George Campﬁeld, former student of Ruskin’s at the Working Men’s College, as a studio assistant. Lady Bath offers to return Girlhood of Mary Virgin to DGR for repainting. She expresses an interest in his pen and ink Mary Magdalene at the Door of Simon the

120 A Rossetti Family Chronology

Pharisee; the price has increased to £50 because of labour expended. Miss Baring wants to purchase the picture without prior viewing. DGR intends to have it photographed (Fredeman 2:243–4, 251–2). 1 (Sat) The ﬁrst exhibition of the Hogarth Club opens with over 75 works. Hanging proves difﬁcult because of lack of space. DGR shows four watercolours including Mary in the House of St John and Borgia (Cherry 238, 241). 16 CGR composes ‘For H.P.’ (Henrietta Polydore) (Crump 3:469). 31 CGR composes ‘Winter Rain’ (Crump 1:239). February Plint buys Hamlet and Ophelia (S.108) (40 guineas) and Sir Lancelot in the Queen’s Chamber (S.95) (30 guineas; in part exchange for a ‘yellow lady’, probably Girl Singing to a Lute [S.59]). DGR tells FMB this sale saves him from the pawnbrokers. DGR encourages Plint to purchase works by VCP and Stanhope (Fredeman 2:246–7). 15 (Tue) CGR composes ‘Spring’, later retitled ‘L.E.L’ (Crump 1:243). 26 The Hogarth exhibition closes (Fredeman 2:241). March A hanging committee is instituted at the Hogarth Club. Membership is to be increased to 80 and subscription rates to ﬁve guineas for artistic members and three for non-artistic (Cherry 241). New more spacious (and more expensive) accommodation is taken at 6 Waterloo Place (Fredeman 2:241). Leighton resigns from the Club when he hears a member declare its aim is to attack the RA (WHH 2:146). 21 (Mon) CGR composes ‘Ash Wednesday’ (Crump 3:368). 24 DGR, GPB and Cornforth visit the zoo, DGR wanting to draw a fawn for Mary Magdalene at the Door of Simon the Pharisee (Boyce 27). April BLS establishes (c.April) ‘The Portfolio’, a society based on the Folio Club and open to men and women, meeting to discuss art and poetry offered by members in line with proposed themes. Founding members include Adelaide Proctor. CGR becomes a corresponding member (Hirsch 192). DGR draws Dinner Time (S.600), which he gives to MFR (ADC 18:4). There is further wrangling at the Hogarth Club when proposed artistic candidates are not elected (Cherry 241). Richard Garnett, an assistant in the printed book department of the British Museum,

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sends DGR a copy of his Io in Egypt and other Poems (1859). DGR admires the title poem (Fredeman 2:256). 4 (Mon) DGR threatens to resign from the Hogarth Club owing to allegations made against him concerning exclusions. DGR declares the ballot a farce if one’s vote is questioned (Fredeman 2:255–6). 26 WM and JM marry at St Michael’s Church, Ship Street, Oxford. Dixon ofﬁciates. Faulkner is best man. DGR does not attend (Mackail 1:138). 27 (FMLR’s birthday) CGR composes ‘A Peep at the Goblins’, later retitled at DGR’s suggestion ‘Goblin Market’ (Crump 1:234) May 10

(Tue) JEM expresses to Efﬁe his gratitude to ‘the two Rossettis’ in addition to others who have supported him against attacks from the press (Millais 1:345).

June Around this time DGR meets Elizabeth Gaskell (Fredeman 2:262). The Hogarth Club holds a second exhibition. DGR exhibits. FMB resigns when his furniture designs are rejected. DGR threatens action in support. FMB is appeased and returns (Cherry 241). William Riviere, a new painting teacher at Oxford, is engaged for £150 to paint the three empty bays of the Oxford Union (Mackail 1:123). 15 (Wed)–25 DGR paints Salutation of Beatrice (S.116) on a cabinet for WM at Red House, Upton. Cornforth claims to model for these (there is little facial resemblance) (Fredeman 2:241; Baum 8). 22 Swan, who helped decorate the Oxford Union roof with WM, asks DGR to take him as a pupil. DGR agrees on a trial basis. He considers charging Swan ‘a pretty fair annual sum’ in return for daily help and tuition (Mackail 1:127; Fredeman 2:260). 24 CGR composes ‘Mr. and Mrs. Scott, and I’, according to WMR (ADC 10:3). July 13

(Wed) JEM responds positively to WMR’s suggestion that he illustrate CGR’s ‘Maude Clare’ for Once a Week, agreeing to forward the poem to the editor (RRP 231).

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18

23

DGR thanks Gaskell for M. de Circourt’s papers on Cavalcanti and Cino da Pistoia she sent. DGR sends her proofs of EIP (Fredeman 2:262–3). DGR, who claims to be ‘very hard up’, persuades GPB to commission an oil portrait of Cornforth, Bocca Bociata (S.114), for £40. It marks a change in DGR’s output towards sensuous female half-lengths. DGR wants £20 in advance. DGR makes a drawing of Cornforth (S.283), which GPB buys for £2 (Surtees 160).

August DGR, in need of a holiday, contemplates spending a week with FMB, or walking in the countryside. DGR talks of the Newcastle lead merchant James Leathart and Plint as victims of Art, ‘twin lambs at the altar of sacriﬁce’ (Fredeman 2:269). 3 (Wed)–c.13 CGR holidays in Deal, Kent (Harrison 1:lvii). MFR and FMLR, ‘not deriving the beneﬁt they hoped from sea air’, leave Deal for Tunbridge Wells (Harrison 1:126). CGR enjoys ‘treasure-seeking on the shingle’ and MFR bathes in the sea (Harrison 1:124). 4 DGR sends Christmas Carol to Green’s to be packed and forwarded to Leathart, having repainted the hair (Fredeman 2:264). 13 CGR, ‘The Round Tower at Jhansi: June 8, 1857’, Once a Week (Marsh 247); not in the end illustrated by JEM, and mistakenly giving her name as Caroline G. Rossetti. CGR and WMR visit the Zoological Gardens, where they feed the elephants barley sugar (Harrison 1:125). 17 CGR composes ‘Spring’ (Crump 1:240). 20 DGR insists WBS withdraw Arthur’s Tomb (S.73A) from the Liverpool Exhibition: ‘I think it coolish of them to borrow it without my leave.’ DGR asks Leathart to send him £25 on account of Sir Galahad (S.115) (50 guineas), which he has nearly ﬁnished (Fredeman 2:266–7). 26 CGR composes ‘Before the paling of the Stars’, later retitled ‘A Christmas Carol’ (Crump 3:366). CGR also composes lines 1–8 of ‘“Thy friend and thy father’s friend forget not”’, as the ﬁrst stanza of a longer unpublished poem ‘“Then they that fear the Lord spake often to one another”’ (Crump 2:408, 3:469). 27 CGR composes ‘“What good shall my life do me?”’ Between now and 18 November 1859, CGR probably composes ‘The

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Massacre of Perugia’ and ‘“I have done with hope”’ (Crump 3:469–70). September According to GPB, DGR devotes this month to painting Bocca Bociata (Boyce 27). FMLR and CGR are at Tunbridge Wells (ADC 13:3). WA is in London and spends much time with DGR (AR 80). EBB sends DGR a copy of the 2nd edition of Aurora Leigh (Fredeman 2:271). 5 (Mon) DGR sends GPB a sketch of Bocca Bociata, which has taken on ‘a rather Venetian aspect’. He has ﬁnished the head and ordered a frame ‘of a new design’ (Fredeman 2:269). 7 WMR joins Henrietta Rintoul and mother at Eastbourne. He stays at Mr Bentley’s, Marine Cottages (ADC 13:3). 21 DGR writes to RB to ask him to welcome EBJ and VCP, who are travelling to Italy. DGR wishes he were joining them. He writes concerning Aurora Leigh: ‘I can recall my ﬁrst feeling on reading that book, only as a sort of wonder that one should be able actually to know, as a person, the origin of so much that was new in the world’ (Fredeman 2:271). 22 CGR writes on behalf of FMLR to invite ABH to spend Thursday of the following week with them. CGR adds: ‘I hope when we meet you will have ﬁnished reading and criticising my pleasant labour; please let me have your impartial opinion on it.’ She may refer to some of her entries for Waller’s Imperial Dictionary (Harrison 1:126). 25 FMLR gives WMR for his birthday a copy of Revd Gilbert White’s Natural History of Selbourne (1789) (ADC 13:3). October CGR visits the Scotts in Newcastle, where she visits Ryton and hears a reading by Isabella Dallas Glynn from Hamlet (Harrison 1:127). DGR ﬁnishes Sir Galahad (Fredeman 2:274). 10 (Mon) / 11 WMR returns to London (ADC 13:3). 15 GPB notes in his diary that, according to Cornforth, DGR spends his evenings reading the novels of Honoré de Balzac (Boyce 27). 17 MFR writes to ABH about CGR’s health: ‘I am afraid her last account of herself was not very brilliant, as she seemed to be suffering from some kind of neuralgia; but I hope the next report will be more favourable.’ MFR adds, ‘I am exceedingly pressed with work at present, & scarcely ﬁnd time enough for such rest as is absolutely necessary’ (RHC 4:1).

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November (? to c.May 1864) CGR circulates poems for the Portfolio Society (based at BLS’s house in 5 Blandford Square). Sometimes she adapts old poems for Portfolio themes, but she also occasionally writes new poems expressly for them too (Marsh 296; CRPS). Norton commissions an oil portrait of Ruskin from DGR (never executed) (CW 36:329). DGR copies out his verses with a view to printing and suggests sending his manuscript to WA for comment. WMR visits WBS in Newcastle (Fredeman 2:241–2). DGR visits GFW’s fresco Justice: A Hemicycle of Lawgivers in the Hall of Lincoln’s Inn, admiring GFW’s technical proﬁciency (Fredeman 2:278). Lowes Dickinson and WCT are active in the formation of the Artists’ Volunteer Riﬂe Corps; DGR, WM, EBJ and FMB join. William Richmond (Secretary of the Corps), remembers the unit being ‘supremely comical’ in silver and grey. According to FMB, on his ﬁrst attempt at shooting a riﬂe DGR hits the very centre of the bull’s eye: ‘The instructing sergeant was in ecstasies, imagining that Rossetti was a Queen’s Prizeman in embryo’ but DGR ‘never hit the target again’ (Hueffer 166–7; Salmon 26; DW 55). 5 (Sat) CGR’s ‘Maude Clare’, Once a Week (pp. 381–2), illustrated by JEM. 13 DGR tells WMR, who has offered to ﬁnance a trip to Newcastle, that he is unable to leave because of his heavy workload. DGR receives a letter from Leathart agreeing to buy Found for 350 guineas (Fredeman 2:276–7). 18 CGR composes ‘Up and Down’, a title deleted in the manuscript notebook by DGR and replaced with ‘Cousin Kate’. Sometime after this date, CCR also composes ‘Noble Sisters’, which may be for the Portfolio Society theme of ‘Too Late’ (Crump 1:239; CRPS). 26 DGR receives £50 from Bruce towards the Llandaff commission (Fredeman 2:278). December DGR exhibits a drawing, probably the ﬁnished study for Found, at the Hogarth Club (Cherry 241). WA sends DGR a copy of his recently published Nightingale Valley: A Collection of Choice Lyrics and Short Poems, which includes CGR’s ‘An End’. DGR questions WA’s inclusion of works by Joanna Baillie, John Logan, W. C. Bryant and Felicia Hemans. He thinks notable omissions include Herbert, Byron and Henry Taylor (Fredeman 2:279–83). 10 (Sat) Ruskin describes Before the Battle to Norton as ‘the worst thing’ DGR has ever executed and thinks it will damage his reputation in America (CW 36:329).

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11

14/15 28

Ruskin tells RB and EBB that DGR is ‘half lost in mediævalism and Dante’ and that ‘nearly all the smaller fry have been led astray in Rossetti’s wake’ (CW 36:331). Ruskin writes to WA of his puzzlement that DGR has not introduced him to CGR (Fredeman 2:283). DGR visits GPB who is painting Annie Miller. DGR makes a pencil study of her (S.355) (Boyce 28).

1860 CBC publishes his translation of The Psalms in Metre; WMR and FMLR are subscribers (Marsh 289). CGR According to WMR, CBC begins to see CGR more frequently (PWCGR liii). According to CG’s later recollection, CG ﬁrst meets CGR in 1860 when CG sent her volume Lyrics and Idylls, although CGR’s letters suggest that it is in or shortly before March 1865; CG later indicates that after CGR’s severe illness (probably Graves’s Disease) ‘a jar or drawback’ truncated their friendship (TC 24:29, 23:30). Composition includes ‘Chiesa e Signore’ (Crump 3:509). DGR helps in the decoration of Red House, near Bexley Heath, Kent. He is a regular visitor after WM and JM move in at the end of the summer (Mackail 1:159–60). DGR sends RB a cast of Keats’s head, obtained from Charles Donovan, a phrenologist on King William Street (Fredeman 2:306). Cornforth marries Timothy Hughes, a Liverpool mechanic (MarshDGR 219). Literary composition includes ‘The Song of the Bower’ and ‘On Certain Elizabethan Revivals’ (WDGR xxviii). Pictorial work includes • Oil Dantis Amor (S.117–117A); Regina Cordium (S.120). • Watercolour Bonifazio’s Mistress (S.121); Lucrezia Borgia (S.124), 1860–61. • Pencil, Pen, Ink Joseph Accused Before Potiphar (S.122); Cornforth (S.284–6, S.A11); Annie Miller (S.354–9, S.708–9, S.A12); DGR (S.437); EES (S.476–7); Pelican (S.707, 707A); Girl (S.710–11), c.1860–65. DGR designs a sofa (S.122A) for FMB. Ruskin presents Beatrice Meeting Dante at a Wedding Feast to Norton (DW 290). Colonel Gillum pays DGR a regular sum per quarter in advance of a series of Dante watercolours (RRP 248). Criticism and acclaim ACS dedicates The Queen Mother to DGR; J. F. MacLennan, Poems on Prae-Raphaelite Principles.

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LMB Pictorial work includes • Crayon Female Nude (Thirlwell 145). MFR Composition Letters to my Bible Class on Thirty-nine Sundays, which MFR uses in her teaching (Bornand 149). WMR makes his ﬁrst trip to Italy in the company of Vernon Lushington, visiting Florence, Como, Milan, Basle, Parma, Piacenza, Bologna, Pisa, Siena, Leghorn, Genoa and Bientina, the birthplace of GP. They meet up with William Story and family, Walter Savage Landor, William Burges and Seymour Kirkup (SR 347, 350, 375). WMR begins rereading Shelley (Thirlwell 198). Writes for Weldon’s Register (1860–64) (AN 80). Alphonse Legros gives him a copy of his etching Le Lutrin (1860) (ADC 18:4). January WMR donates drawings by Thomas Sibson of Barnaby Rudge to an exhibition at the Hogarth Club (Cherry 241). 14 (Sat) CBC dines with the Rossettis; CGR tells ABH that he ‘was, as usual, amiable and quaint’ (Harrison 1:129). 26 DGR dedicates Annie Miller (S.355) to GPB. February DGR offers artistic advice to young ‘protégés’ of CP (Fredeman 2:289–90). MFR becomes an Associate Sister at All Saints Sisterhood, Margaret Street (Marsh 243). 1 (Wed)–31 March An exhibition of the Hogarth Club opens at 6 Waterloo Place. DGR shows Bocca Bociata, Salutation of Beatrice and Lucrezia Borgia (S.124) (Cherry 241; Fredeman 2:291). 9 CGR and Uncle Henry visit the Hogarth Club (Harrison 1:129). 24 CGR sends her short story ‘Case 2, Folio Q’ to the editor of Cornhill Magazine (Harrison 1:130–1). It is refused. 27 DGR signs Borgia (S.48) and La Belle Dame sans Merci (S.76) (Boyce 29). March 12

(Mon) The ﬁrst life class is held at the Hogarth Club, arranged by Brett. WMR, GPB, VCP, EBJ, Brett and Major Gillum are present (Boyce 29; Cherry 242).

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27

CGR composes ‘No, Thank You, John’ (Crump 1:249), probably about John Brett. WMR thanks EBB for a copy of her controversial Poems before Congress, praising the bravery of her politics in the face of public opinion (Peattie 109).

April DGR writes to EBB in praise of Poems before Congress. In a letter to her sister, EBB writes that DGR ‘cares nothing for politics, but praises the poetry as being superior to anything I have done in the same dimensions’ (Lewis 2:454). 13 (Fri) DGR joins EES at 12 East Parade, Hastings. WMR describes her as ‘desperately ill’ (ADC 17:9). DGR, now in a more stable ﬁnancial state, writes to FMLR that he and EES are to be married (Fredeman 2:292). The Rossetti family are taken by surprise (TC 14:17). 17 DGR returns to London in order to fetch money. A special licence that will prevent EES from standing in a cold church for the wedding ceremony will result in delay and further expense (Fredeman 2:292–3). 18–20 EES is in terrible pain and DGR describes her to FMB as ‘ready to die daily’. EMB offers to visit but EES would rather be alone with DGR (Fredeman 2:294). May 12 14

23

(Sat) DGR had hoped to be married today on his birthday but EES is too ill (Fredeman 2:295). WMR sends WBS a 20-page explanation of RB’s ‘Sordello’, which WBS ﬁnds ‘nearly as obscure as the poem itself’ (Minto 2:57). DGR and EES are married at St Clement’s Church in Hastings by Revd T. Nightingale with neither family nor friends present. They travel to Paris. EBJ and GBJ are to join them after their marriage (Fredeman 2:295–8). DGR and EES spend several days with the Maenzas in Boulogne on their way to Paris; DGR draws Guiseppe Maenza (S.349). Near Boulogne DGR and EES visit an old château which DGR considers renting for the summer. In Paris, DGR and EES stay at the Hôtel Meurice (Fredeman 2:297).

June DGR admires Paolo Veronese’s Marriage Feast at Cana. DGR and EES move to cheaper lodgings at 128 rue de Rivoli in Paris, belonging to an

128 A Rossetti Family Chronology

Englishwoman, Mme Houston (Fredeman 2:297–8). They read James Boswell’s Life of Samuel Johnson (1791). DGR draws Dr Johnson at the Mitre (S.119) and begins How They Met Themselves (S.118) for GPB (ADC 17:9). 5 (Tue) GPB visits Cornforth who is ill and fretting about DGR in Paris (Boyce 30). 9 DGR asks WMR to put a notice of their marriage in The Times. EBJ and GBJ are married in Manchester (GBJ 1:204; Fredeman 2:297). 10 EBJ falls ill in Chester and is unable to travel to Paris (GBJ 1:204). 12 CGR composes ‘Mirage’ (Crump 1:252). 21 DGR and EES leave for London, having given up plans to return to Boulogne. Discovering the comic writer Robert Brough, who dedicated his Songs of the Governing Classes (1855) to DGR, has died, DGR pawns the trinkets they bought in Paris and offers the proceeds to his widow and two children (ADC 17:9; Fredeman 2:299–300). DGR and EES take up temporary residence at Spring Cottage in Downshire Hill, Hampstead. DGR keeps his Chatham Place rooms for painting until Michaelmas. DGR misses WA’s visit to London because EES is unwell and DGR ‘harassed with house hunting’. Dr Crellin visits EES (Fredeman 2:305). July (c.mid-July) CGR attends a fund-raising meeting at Highgate Penitentiary with several friends, including LNS (Harrison 1:132). 24 (Tue) CGR composes ‘The Lambs of Westmoreland 1860’, later retitled ‘The Lambs of Grasmere, 1860’ (Crump 1:240). 30 Parmigiano, an Italian model, sits to DGR for the Llandaff altarpiece. GPB notes that DGR affectionately calls JM ‘Janey’ (Boyce 30). 31 DGR writes to George Allen, anxious to retrieve his manuscript poems from Ruskin. DGR visits the last day of the RA exhibition. He describes the contents to WA as ‘Sawdust more or less’. DGR asks WA to return J. J. G. Wilkinson’s Improvisations from the Spirit (1857) (Fredeman 2:305–6). August DGR draws ACS (S.522). DGR and WMR begin a subscription for Maenza (Fredeman 2:287).

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14

15

16 18

27

30

(Tue) CGR sends Lady Pauline Trevelyan a copy of CBC’s metrical version of the Psalms, adding ‘Some of the Notes I regret extremely: but the Version itself seems to me a very noble one.’ BLS visits CGR (Harrison 1:132–4; CRPS). CGR thanks BLS for a gift of a painting, which is ‘the ﬁrst picture I ever possessed’ and sends her an unidentiﬁed poem to supplement one entitled ‘Refuge’ (also untraced) (Harrison 1:134). Refuge was probably a Portfolio Society theme (CRPF). CGR writes to BLS, offering to let her keep her contributions to last season’s Portfolio papers (Harrison 1:135). DGR writes that he wants WMR to have nothing to do with Richard Garnett, who has offered to intervene with the Oxford Union committee set up to oversee the completion of the frescoes, and requests that Combe is not mixed up in the affair (Fredeman 2:309). CGR writes to Lady Pauline Trevelyan that she plans to visit the south or east coast with her mother the following week (Harrison 1:136–7). CGR invites LMB, William Ralston (a scholar of Russian who worked at the British Library) and DGR to tea at 45 Albany Street. HP is also visiting (Harrison 1:135–6).

September EES models for Regina Cordium (S.120). DGR stays in Blackfriars and paints in Hampstead. Blue Closet is once again in DGR’s possession owing to an exchange. He suggests to CP that Lady Bath might purchase it for 50 guineas (Fredeman 2:287, 317–18). MFR stays with the Scotts; WBS writes to Lady Pauline Trevelyan: ‘Gabriel since his marriage appears to have been invisible even to his own family’ (NUL). In early autumn, before 11 October, WMR visits the Brownings in Marciano, near Siena, travelling with Vernon Lushington (SR 236–42; Lewis 2:566). 4 (Tue) Ruskin congratulates DGR and EES on their marriage and declares that in drawing EES ‘cures’ DGR of his ‘worst faults’ (CW 36:341). c.8–20 EES is in Brighton with her sister Lydia (Fredeman 2:287). 11 DGR tells GPB that he is just ﬁnishing a head in the style of Bocca Baciata, with honeysuckles instead of marigolds (possibly Burd Alane, S.144). DGR asks GPB if he can borrow Bocca Baciata, to make a copy for sale to White or Gambart (Fredeman 2:310, 312).

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17

16

18

20

29

DGR has been unable to ﬁnd permanent lodgings in Hampstead. Negotiations for a house on Church Row fall through (Fredeman 2:287, 315). Ruskin returns DGR’s manuscript poems. He refuses to send ‘Jenny’ to Cornhill Magazine thinking it would be misunderstood and suggests ‘Nocturn’ instead (Fredeman 2:313–14). DGR sends his manuscript poems to WA for criticism, including the unﬁnished ‘Bride-Chamber Talk’ (Fredeman 2:314). DGR tells FMB that Gambart has offered him 50 guineas for a head. DGR pushes for a higher price from William Marshall but thinks poverty will induce him to accept Gambart’s offer. He hopes to substitute the £50 pen and ink Hamlet he promised Gillum for Cassandra (S.127), nearly complete, for which he intends to ask an extra £10. The Dante series is deferred until ‘next term’ (Fredeman 2:316). MFR rearranges an engagement to meet with ABH because of a Church missionary meeting (RHC 4:1).

October DGR works on How They Met Themselves (Boyce 30). He accepts an invitation by EBB’s publisher Chapman to produce illustrations for Aurora Leigh. The project is not realised. Patmore sends DGR a copy of his newly published ‘Faithful for Ever’. AG asks to see DGR’s Blake manuscript for a biography of Blake he is writing (Fredeman 2:324–5). 5 (Fri) DGR tells WBS he plans to photograph and publish all his pictures in quarterly editions, the ﬁrst to come out by Christmas (Fredeman 2:319). 12 CGR submits ‘Case 2: Folio Q’ to the editor of Blackwood’s Magazine (Harrison 1:138). It is rejected. 26 DGR tells GPB that Charles Thurston Thompson is photographing his pen-and-ink drawings for publication (Fredeman 2:287). November DGR draws EMB’s portrait (S.274). DGR plans to republish and illustrate Wells’s Joseph and his Brethren (Meredith 69). DGR meets AG for the ﬁrst time. WMR visits WBS in Newcastle. ACS sends DGR a manuscript copy of Queen-Mother and Rosamund (Fredeman 2:287, 327).

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Henrietta Rintoul breaks her engagement with WMR (SR 261); CGR maintains her warm friendship with Henrietta. 1 (Thu) DGR and EES leave Spring Cottage and take unfurnished rooms on the second ﬂoor of 13 Chatham Place, the house adjacent to DGR’s. They are owned by the same landlord and an adjoining door is opened up. DGR hangs EES’s drawings around the walls. DGR tells WA that EES, EBJ, GBJ and himself intend to take a house together (Fredeman 2:323–9). 22 DGR has a four-volume Tauchnitz edition of Tennyson bound for EES and hunts out photographs to place in the title pages. DGR declares he never meant to print ‘Wellington’s Funeral’ or ‘Sacrament Hymn’, the latter ‘written merely to see if I could do Wesley’. He thinks of omitting ‘Portrait’. However, he wants to make his printed volume of poems ‘look as portly as may be from such a middle-aged novice’. DGR describes Aubrey de Vere as ‘the wateriest of the well-meaning’ (Fredeman 2:327–9). 29 CGR visits Henrietta Rintoul. She writes to WMR the following day about their meeting and Henrietta’s extreme distress (Harrison 1:138–9). December At the start of the month, WMR visits the Scotts (Harrison 1:140). MFR is ill with erysipelas (Marsh 253). On the third Sunday in Advent, MFR writes to her Bible class (which has been convening for several years) in substitution for meeting them, suspended because of her ill health. These letters will eventually be collected as Letters to My Bible Class. 1 (Sat) WM and JM stay with DGR and EES at Chatham Place. FMB and EMB are also invited (Fredeman 2:332). 8 DGR joins EES at Red House in order to paint a panel. He draws JM (S.365). DGR intends to take up Found again for Leathart (Fredeman 2:335). 14 GPB takes away DGR’s newly ﬁnished Bonifazio’s Mistress (Boyce 31). 25 Christmas Day: DGR, EES and HP join the Rossetti family for Christmas (Marsh 267). 31 CGR composes ‘Passing away, saith the World, passing away’ (Crump 1:265).

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1861 CBC publishes his translation of Filippo Malicontri, or Student-Life in Venetia. An Autobiography, ed. Girolamo Volpe, 2 vols. CGR A key year for CGR’s poetic career. Early attempts at ﬁnding a publisher are made independently, but then she accepts assistance from DGR, who also had been separately approaching his contacts. Throughout the year she revises material for GM (with suggestions from DGR) and writes very few new poems. WMR notes ‘towards 1861’ CGR is at her healthiest (PWCGR li). DGR joins Artists’ Corps of Volunteers along with EBJ, WM and FMB (GBJ 1:227). DGR gives ﬁnancial assistance to the Maenza family to enable travel to Italy (RP 360). Literary composition includes ‘Dantis Tenebrae (In Memory of my Father)’ (WDGR xxviii). Collaborates with ACS on ‘The Laird of Waristoun’ (TC 11:7). Publication Early Italian Poets. Pictorial work includes • Oil Seed of David (S.105), ﬁnished, begun 1858, JM’s head is substituted for Herbert’s; Regina Cordium (S.120); Love’s Greeting (S.126); Annunciation (S.131). • Watercolour ACS (S.523); Lucrezia Borgia (S.124), ﬁnished, begun 1860; Return of Tibullus to Delia (see S.62); Last Judgement (S.141). • Chalk Ruskin (S.455). • Pencil, Pen, Ink, Sepia, Wash Cassandra (S.127); Lachesis (S.130); Cruciﬁxion (S.140); Sermon on the Mount (S.142); Story of St George and the Dragon (S.145–50), 1861–62; Mrs Burrell’s Child (S.277); EES (S.479); ACS (S.522). DGR designs stained glass cartoon Adam and Eve before the Fall (Marillier 143–4); three windows for Woodbank, Harden, Yorkshire, carried out by the Morris ﬁrm (Sewter 90); and two painted panels, Music and Gardening (S.132), for JPS’s King René’s Honeymoon Cabinet (Parry 170). GR Publication Poesie. Ordinate da G. Carducci (2nd edition 1879) (Waller 302). WMR Publication includes reviews for Fraser’s Magazine (1861–65), Weldon’s Register and London Review (SR 299; Peattie xviii).

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January CGR looks after FMLR at home in 45 Upper Albany Street, who is convalescing from a recent illness. DGR begins printing translations for EIP. WMR helps with collation and translation of the analyses. CGR makes a fair copy of DGR’s translation of Vita Nuova and objects to his use of ‘ye’. On behalf of CP, DGR looks for employment for ‘a poor man in the greatest want’, asking FMB if he requires a studio assistant and AM, an illustrator. DGR intends to hire him to copy How They Met Themselves (S.118.R1) for the solicitor James Anderson Rose (Fredeman 2:337–48). 11 (Fri) CGR and WMR visit DGR and EES along with Ruskin and the EBJs (Fredeman 2:340). Shortly afterwards, DGR seeks Ruskin’s help with placing CGR’s poems in Thackeray’s Cornhill, and he asks CGR to send Ruskin ‘Goblin Market’. DGR also inquires about ‘Folio Q’, not realising Cornhill had already rejected it (Fredeman 2:340). 19 CGR writes to David Masson, editor of Macmillan’s Magazine and husband of her friend Rosalind Orme, offering him poems for publication. She may possibly also have an eye to her eventual volume publication with AM (Harrison 1:141). 20 Ruskin writes to DGR that CGR’s poems ‘are full of beauty and power. But no publisher – I am deeply grieved to know this – would take them, so full are they of quaintnesses and offences’ (RRP 258). DGR writes to WMR of his ‘very great regret & disgust’ at this judgement and asks whether CGR would like him to approach Elizabeth Gaskell about getting the poem in the Cornhill ‘or elsewhere’, or to ask WA for help (Fredeman 2:345). c.20 DGR expresses doubt to WA regarding the safe delivery of EES’s baby. He intends to paper the drawingroom of Chatham Place with his own design of fruit trees and stars and speaks of plans to organise a decorative arts company with WM (Fredeman 2:342–3). 27 DGR reads CGR’s poems to the lawyer Whitley Stokes, ‘a very good judge and conversant with publishers’, who thinks them ‘unusually excellent’ (Fredeman 2:346). 28 DGR suggests to CGR retitling ‘When I was dead my spirit turned’ to ‘At Home’. He admires it the most of her work and intends to give it immediately to AM (Fredeman 2:346).

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February CGR’S ‘Up-Hill’ published in Macmillan’s Magazine (p. 382), for £1 1s 0d in initial payment. In this month CGR writes to Mary Haydon, ‘Some day I suppose I will rival you in Auntship if not in infatuation. My sisterinlaw proves an acquisition now that we know her better’ (Harrison 1:142). c.8 (Fri) DGR writes to CGR that AM especially admires ‘After Death’ and would like to see more material. He asks to be sent ‘Goblin Market’ once Ruskin has ﬁnished with it if Cornhill does not accept it, and also ‘Folio Q’. DGR offers to help her collate poems for a volume to be shown to AM or others, and suggests separating the devotional poems from the rest to attract a publisher (Fredeman 2:348–9). 12 AM approaches CGR to submit the story ‘Folio Q’. CGR replies that the tale ‘became such a subject of annoyance to me, that I burned it’, perhaps because of its ambiguous moral message, and she sends instead another unidentiﬁed story (perhaps ‘Hero’). She also informs AM that ‘Just at present I am not writing anything fresh; but getting into order my old verses, of which there is quite an accumulation’ (Harrison 1:143–4). 14 DGR arrives at AM’s with the news that the young swindler Farrell Hogg has been apprehended. There, he ﬁnds David Masson, Eneas Sweetland Dallas (literary critic, The Times), Frederick James Furnivall (editor, New English Dictionary) and Arthur Joseph Munby (Hudson 91). March 2

23 25

(Sat) WBS suggests the Hogarth Club takes over the British Institution when the lease runs out in 1867, thus giving Ruskin, WHH and DGR greater inﬂuence (RRP 260–2) CGR composes ‘Easter Even’ (Crump 3:367). Premises are taken at 8 Red Lion Square for WM’s projected decorative arts company (Fredeman 2:367).

April CGR,’A Birthday’, Macmillan’s Magazine (p. 498), for an initial fee of £1 1s 0d. CGR visits the studios of WHH and John Brett. Of the latter’s pictures she comments: ‘Some of it I like, some I dislike.’ She admires two unidentiﬁed small pictures by Brett’s sister, Rosa, as ‘very

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rich in merit’. Of WHH’s paintings (perhaps the recently ﬁnished Finding of the Saviour in the Temple and The Afterglow of Egypt, in progress) she writes ‘they are so high above my puny praise that I may well keep silence regarding them’. CGR also visits the French Gallery to view BLS’s Algerine sketches which she ﬁnds ‘most interesting’ (Harrison 1:144–5). 4 (Thu) CGR writes to AM asking for her manuscript notebook back (Harrison 1:145). 8 CGR writes to AM that she intends to assemble a poetry volume, and she ﬂags up to him the poems submitted to Masson for Macmillan’s Magazine: ‘you may think whether or not I am happy to attain fame (!) and guineas by means of the Magazine’ (Harrison 1:146). 11 Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co., formed by WM, Peter Paul Marshall, Charles James Faulkner, DGR, EBJ, Philip Webb, FMB and Hughes, begins trading and issues a prospectus. The partners each contribute £1 collateral (Hueffer 177; Salmon 29). 20 CGR composes ‘Promises Like Piecrust’ (Crump 3:470). c.22 DGR suggests to AG that GBJ would make a suitable copyist for his Blake prints (Fredeman 2:351). 30 MFR sends ABH a circular of a projected training institution for nurses, in connection with All Saints Sisterhood of Mercy (RHC 4:1). May DGR meets JAH, a Yorkshire manufacturer (Fredeman 2:362). 2 (Thu) EES gives birth to a stillborn daughter. Dr Hutchinson and Dr Babington (Head Physician, Lying-in Hospital) attend (ADC 17:9; FLM 212). 16 DGR asks Leathart for a further £50 advance on Found (S.64) (Fredeman 2:361). 19 DGR encourages Leathart to buy a painting by Hughes; he purchases Home from Work (Fredeman 2:362). c.20 DGR sends EIP to WA, WBS and Patmore for criticism (Fredeman 2:362–8; Champneys 1:87). 21 Patmore writes to DGR concerning EIP: ‘It seems to me to be the ﬁrst time that a translator has proved himself, by his translations alone, to be a great poet’ (FLDGR 215). 22 CGR composes ‘God be merciful to me a sinner’, also entitled in a fair copy manuscript ‘The Offering of the New

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31

Law, the One Oblation Once Offered’ and later retitled ‘The Offering of the New Law’ (Crump 3:362). DGR encourages Smetham to become involved with AG’s Life of Blake project, believing him ‘very closely akin to Blake’ (JSC 1).

June (c.June) CGR has carte de visite photographs taken (Marsh 284). DGR draws EES (S.478). EES goes to stay with the Browns at Fortress Terrace, Highgate (DW 403). DGR teaches at the Working Men’s College on Monday evenings (Fredeman 2:372). AG, who intends to write a tribute for Woodward, who recently died of consumption in Lyon, asks DGR for details concerning his friendship with the architect. DGR counters rumours that it was Ruskin who was responsible for the Oxford Museum architectural design. DGR claims he was the last friend Woodward saw in Britain (Fredeman 2:376–8). 8 (Sat) CGR composes ‘Wife to Husband’ (Crump 1:251). 10–13 July WMR takes CGR and FMLR on a trip to France. It is CGR’s ﬁrst foreign visit. They visit Normandy and Paris and return through Jersey. She informs ABH that the expedition was ‘health-promoting and enjoyable’ (Harrison 1:147). Little else is recorded of the trip from her point of view, but WMR’s travel diary survives. WMR spends much of his vacation examining church architecture. It is probably on this trip that CGR sketches a pencil portrait of WMR (ADC 10:3, 16:6; Thirlwell 17). 12 Meredith offers Samuel Lucas (editor, Once a Week) three poems for publication, including ‘Cassandra’ to be illustrated by DGR (Meredith 86). WMR visits the Paris Exposition and views the exterior of Notre Dame (ADC 16:6). 13 WMR visits the Louvre (ADC 16:6). 17 As WMR, CGR and FMLR leave Paris for Rouen, a personal service is being held for Cavour at the Madeleine. WMR visits Rouen Cathedral (ADC 16:6). 18 Despite pressing Macmillan to publish EIP, DGR decides to accept Smith & Elder’s offer to cover entire publication costs; DGR is not entitled to proﬁts (Fredeman 1:374–5).

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20 21 23

WMR, FMLR and CGR leave Rouen and stay in St Lô (ADC 16:6). WMR visits the cathedrals at St Lô and Constances (ADC 16:6). WMR walks to the village of La Roque, and in the following days closely examines the cathedral (ADC 16:6).

July DGR paints a portrait of Joanna Mary Wells (née Boyce) in death (FLM 212). He ﬁnishes Dr Johnson at the Mitre (S.119.R1) and Fair Rosamund (S.128). EES is at the Morrises (Fredeman 2:383–6). 6 (Sat) WMR, FMLR and CGR leave Constances and travel to Arranches. WMR visits the musée (ADC 16:6). 9 WMR, FMLR and CGR leave Arranches for Granville (ADC 16:6). 11 DGR thinks a bust of Woodward in the Oxford Museum would be a ﬁtting memorial. Thomas E. Plint dies. DGR owes the estate three pictures amounting to 680 guineas. Gambart threatens legal action (Fredeman 2:385–94). 13 WMR, CGR and FMLR return to London via Weymouth (ADC 16:6). Marsh suggests the death of EBB, while CGR is abroad, encourages her to renew her connections with women of the Langham Place circle, English Woman’s Journal and Portfolio Society (Marsh 273). 22 DGR tells WMR that Ruskin has advanced £100 to cover the cost of printing EIP (ADC 16:6). 24 DGR asks Leathart for a 100 guineas advance on Found (Fredeman 2:386). 29 DGR writes to the trustees of the Plint estate, Edward Butler and John Callow Knight of Leeds, proposing to give them alternative works amounting to the sum paid by Plint. The trustees are in agreement but want to refer the matter to Gambart (Fredeman 2:389). August CGR, ‘An Apple-Gathering’, Macmillan’s Magazine (p. 329). CGR is probably in Eastbourne, where, she tells ABH, she intends ‘to take my sister under my wing for her marine month: of course after my unexampled holiday, there is no idea of sending me out of town on my own account’ (Harrison 1:147).

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DGR wants nothing to do with Gambart and suggests transactions are made through Ruskin. Gambart is falsely told that DGR is in the country. Judas is given Gambart’s likeness in DGR’s Sermon on the Mount (S.142) (Fredeman 2:391–4). 4 (Sun) FMLR composes a thank-you verse to HP, ‘My Niece’s ﬁngers busy ply’ (ADC 6:18). 11 WMR visits Street’s St James the Lesser, Pugin’s St George’s Cathedral and Butterﬁeld’s church behind Gray’s Inn Road and makes detailed notes in his diary (ADC 16:6). 15 WMR calls on Gambart, who complains about DGR’s handling of the Plint business (ADC 16:6). 16 DGR declares to WMR that he is anxious to do justice to Plint, but is under pressure to ﬁnish the Llandaff triptych and Found; the Dean and Chapter of Llandaff Cathedral are annoyed with DGR for delays and increased demands for money (Fredeman 2:393–4; DW 417). 18 WMR makes a detailed inspection of the inside of Street’s church and GFW’s fresco (ADC 16:6). 23 Burges calls on DGR with the news that Farrell Hogg has again been captured. DGR hopes to make it to the police station on 26 August but is unable to attend the trial (Fredeman 2:396, 400). 27 DGR sends AG a copy of ‘Auguries of Innocence’ from his Blake manuscript, ‘omitting parts & transposing others so as (to my thinking) the better to make its merits tell’. He suggests that AG may want to adopt this version for Life of Blake. He makes further recommendations regarding selection (Fredeman 2:398). 30 DGR sends AM the manuscript for GM and declares CGR a successor to EBB. He offers ‘to contribute a brotherly design’ for the frontispiece and title page (Fredeman 2:399). September Ruskin returns to DGR his calf-bound red-edged poetry notebook. DGR adds the unﬁnished ‘Bride-Chamber Talk’ and sends it to WA. DGR makes efforts to secure a place at Christ’s Hospital school for a halfbrother of Plint (Fredeman 2:407–9). 12 (Thu) DGR’s watercolour studies for the Llandaff altarpiece are exhibited at Liverpool Academy, possibly at the suggestion of the Liverpool collector John Miller (Fredeman 2:403).

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13 14 17 21

DGR’s panel Seed of David is exhibited for one day at Prichard & Seddon’s, 6 Whitehall (Fredeman 2:338). An article by AG on DGR’s Llandaff drawings in Liverpool appears in Critic (p. 275). DGR attends the opening ceremony of Llandaff Cathedral (Fredeman 2:338). WMR dines for the ﬁrst time with CBC and family at Blackheath (ADC 16:6).

October (end Oct–c.13 Nov) CGR stays at the Highgate Penitentiary for Fallen Women, where she corrects proofs to her volume (Harrison 1:151). DGR executes a self-portrait (S.438). WMR pays a brief visit to Newcastle to visit the Scotts and AB (LPI 80). 11 (Fri) CGR composes ‘The Prince who arrived too late’ (which would become the dirge of ‘The Prince’s Progress’, ll. 481–540; Crump 1:266) prompted perhaps by a Portfolio Society’s theme ‘Too Late’ (Marsh 275). 12 DGR receives £100 from Bruce, the balance due for the central panel and one wing of the Llandaff triptych (Fredeman 2:411). 15 ACS models on two consecutive days for the frontispiece of DGR’s EIP (S.125) (Lang 1:46). DGR asks the printer of EIP to add to the errata slip: ‘Will shortly be published Poems By D. G. Rossetti’. DGR later tells Henry Buxton Forman that he destroyed this manuscript of original poems (Fredeman 2:416, 4:113). 19 Meredith writes that DGR’s poetry is ‘essential poetry […] not wild, and bluff, and coarse; but rich, reﬁned, royalrobed!’ (Meredith 1:106). 22 CGR composes ‘A Royal Princess’, perhaps in response to a ‘strife and peace’ portfolio theme (Marsh 275; CRPS; Crump misdates poem 1851). 23 CGR, FMLR and MFR attend a lecture by an anti-vivisectionist (possibly Thomas Jackson), on foreign travel (Harrison 1:151). 23–8 November DGR spends a fortnight with JAH at Woodbank in order to paint a portrait of Mary M. Heaton, Regina Cordium (S.129). He also designs a stained-glass panel showing her in a garden with swans (S.323) and a pencil head of Winifred Heaton (S.324). EES stays with the Morrises rather than attempt the journey, because of bad health and lack of funds (Fredeman 2:414; Harrison 1:151).

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28

31

AM informs DGR that he has decided to ‘run the risk of a small edition’ of CGR’s poems for the Christmas market, although delays caused by DGR’s illustrations postpone publication of GM until March 1862. AM tells DGR that he read ‘Goblin Market’ to a working-men’s society with favourable results. He suggests DGR makes ‘a quaint woodcut initial’ with ‘a queer goblin […] grinning at a sweet patient woman’s face’ (Macmillan 94–5). On 31 October DGR rejects this proposal as too much like a child’s book (Fredeman 2:413). DGR, concerned about the lack of money at Chatham Place, asks FMLR to visit and lend some money to EES, who has left the Morrises abruptly (Fredeman 2:414).

November WMR, ‘The London exhibitions of 1861’, Fraser’s Magazine (pp. 580–92). DGR designs the frontispiece of GM, illustrating ‘Buy from us with a golden curl’, and title page, illustrating ‘Golden head by golden head’ (S.143). DGR admits to ‘getting awfully fat & torpid’ (Fredeman 2:419–20). c.1 (Fri)–14 CGR at Highgate Penitentiary (Marsh 276). 17 DGR sends AM the manuscript of GM together with his proposed frontispiece design from ‘A Birthday’ (not used). He suggests CGR parts with the copyright only on the ﬁrst edition (Fredeman 2:416–17). 22 DGR hosts a party at Tudor House to which AG, Sandys, VCP, FMB, Meredith, Rose and WMR are invited: ‘Nothing but oysters and of course the seediest of clothes’ (Fredeman 2:417–18). 24 DGR is working on his Parable of the Vineyard stained-glass designs for St Martin-on-the-Hill, Scarborough (S.133–9) (Fredeman 2:419). DGR, EBJ and ACS spend the evening at AG’s house. Two of the children and a servant are sick with scarlet fever (RRP 295). 30 AG dies unexpectedly of scarlet fever, aged 33 (Salmon 30). December CGR, ‘Behold I stand at the Door’, English Woman’s Journal (p. 245); probably solicited by BLS through the Portfolio Society (CRPS). DGR’s EIP is brought out by Ruskin’s publishers Smith & Elder. The book is dedicated to EES. It appears without DGR’s illustration, Rose Garden.

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The ﬂy-leaf promises a volume of original verses, Dante at Verona, to follow. Philip Burne-Jones is baptised at Manchester Cathedral. Ruskin and DGR are godfathers by proxy (GBJ 1:231). 1 (Sun) CGR composes ‘By the Waters of Babylon’ (Crump 3:470). 2 DGR writes to Faulkner that one woodblock for GM is almost ready for him: he asks him to try to cut the block by Christmas, but suggests AM would wait until February, so ‘Do not be at all ﬁdgetted about it’ (Fredeman 2:422). 4 AG’s funeral is held. DGR, worried about contagion, does not attend (Fredeman 2:423). 9 CGR ﬁnds three errors in GM, which she is sure she corrected in the proof, and writes urgently to the printers requesting corrections. The errors are removed (Harrison 1:153, 159). 11 CGR is sent specimens of cloth for the cover of GM: ‘The dark colours, especially the puce, red, and violet, which I return, appear to me amongst the best.’ She also worries whether ‘the threatening American war’ will damage sales (Harrison 1:153). 13 CGR composes ‘Better so’, part of which becomes a separate poem entitled ‘“Who would wish back the saints upon our rough”’. CGR also composes ‘One Day’, later retitled ‘Within the Veil’ (Crump 2:466, 3:374, 471). 16 CGR composes ‘Our Widowed Queen’ (Crump 3:471), in response to the unexpected death of Prince Albert. c.16 DGR complains to AM of the delay in cutting his woodblocks for GM and suggests taking them to the engraver William James Linton (Fredeman 2:425–6). 17 DGR promises to send Elizabeth Gaskell a copy of GM (Fredeman 2:427). 24 DGR writes to EH that St George and Princess Sabra (S.151) is underway, price 65 guineas. EH wants it sent to Ruskin for approval before she will advance any money (Surtees 87). 24–5 DGR sends proofs of GM on to CGR (Fredeman 2:429). 25 Thomas Keightley praises DGR’s EIP: ‘They must procure you fame & I wish I could add proﬁt; but that I fear is out of the question.’ He teases him for believing, against GR’s theory, that Vita Nuova is a real autobiography (TC 25:15). 29 The Hogarth Club ceases existence (Hueffer 182). FMB blames WHH (WHH 2:146).

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1862 CGR Towards the end of the year CGR begins her romantic relationship with CBC (PWCGR lii; Marsh 287). At the end of the year, DG writes to CGR with (as WMR reports to WBS) an ‘overboiling kettle of enthusiasm’ for her poems and a ‘vexatious amount of ﬁzz, but really entering more into the special tone of the poems than anything I have seen in print’ (Peattie 129). CGR has a Sunday class in her Church School (Harrison 4:413). Finances 1862–90: CGR earns little more than £40 p/a (PWCGR li). 1862–63: ‘Sister Christina’ is listed as donating £1 to Highgate Penitentiary (Highgate annual report, Guildhall). Composition CGR slowly begins to compose poems again, after a dearth period. Publication includes Goblin Market and Other Poems. DGR meets William Davies through Smetham (Smetham 26). Literary composition includes ‘Lost Days’ (WDGR xxv); probably written shortly after EES’s death; ﬁrst published in Victoria Press anthology, ed. Emily Faithfull, A Welcome to the Princess of Wales (1863). DGR and WMR help bring AG’s Life of Blake to completion. DGR writes the ﬁnal chapter of the Life section and completes that on Job. He chooses and arranges Blake’s unpublished writings, adding introductory remarks (SR 306–7). Pictorial work includes • Oil Monna Rosa (S.153); Cornforth (S.287); Mrs James Leathart (S.344–5). • Watercolour Paolo and Francesca da Rimini (S.75.R1); The Heart of the Night (S.86.R1); Sweet Tooth (S.123), c.1862–64; Christ in Glory (S.155). • Chalk The Farmer’s Daughter (S.158), ﬁnished c.1865; Cornforth (S.292). • Pencil, Pen, Ink, Brush, Wash Threshing (S.154); St Jude (S.156); Joshua (S.157); Bethlehem Gate (S.159A); Aggie (S.262–4); Mrs Beyer (S.266–7); Cornforth (S.287A; S.288–91; S.293–301, c.1862–65; S.302); Mrs James Leathart (S.344A–B); CGR in a Tantrum (S.601); Annunciation (S.A5). DGR’s ecclesiastical stained-glass commissions with Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. include: All Saints Church, Selsey; Peterborough Cathedral; All Saints, Langton Green; and Christ Church, Southgate. His domestic stained-glass designs include: Music

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(S.175A), possibly for The Hill, Witley; St George and the Dragon (S.145–50) for Harden Hall, Bingley; and Fight with Sir Marhaus and Love Potion for Harden Grange, Yorkshire (Sewter 26, 102–3, 110, 153, 168, 171–2, 176; Parry 170). Criticism EIP is positively reviewed. A substantial notice appears in Fraser’s Magazine (vol. 65, pp. 580–94). Despite praise from critics, only £10 proﬁt is made after Ruskin’s £100 loan is covered (Ghose 85–8). WMR Composition includes a descriptive catalogue of Blake’s pictures for Life of Blake, bringing WMR into contact with Captain Butts (grandson of Thomas Butts), John Linnell (landscape painter) and Frederick Tatham (sculptor, bequeathed Blake’s remaining designs, poems and notebooks) (SR 306–7). Publication includes notices to London Review (1862–63) (AN 80). January A detailed review of EIP appears in National Review (pp. 60–95). Ruskin temporarily returns to England from the Continent and begins to sit to DGR for a portrait commissioned by Norton in 1858 (never ﬁnished; chalk study only extant, S.455); he confesses to DGR his loss of faith in Christianity and disillusionment with his literary and artistic endeavour (CW 36:405). DGR recommends VCP to Edward Matthew Ward for a family portrait commission (Fredeman 2:453). The partners of Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. are requested to put a further £19 per share into the ﬁrm (Mackail 1:152). A friend of DGR’s discovers Fitzgerald’s translation of Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám at Quaritch’s, Castle Street. ACS, DGR and EBJ buy copies (GBJ 1:234–5). 4 (Sat) DGR asks Theodore Martin to provide ACS with an introduction to Fraser’s Magazine (Fredeman 2:436–7). 6 DGR resumes teaching on Monday evenings at the Working Men’s College (Fredeman 2:434). 11 EIP praised as ‘tasteful and scholarly’ in The Critic (p. 3). 15 DGR asks ABG for a daguerreotype of AG for a portrait he hopes to execute for Life of Blake. He and WMR offer to help bring the volume to publication (TC 8:18; Fredeman 2:448–50). 18 Charles Henry Pearson in the Spectator (pp. 75–6) praises DGR for capturing the spirit of Dante in EIP.

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February EES sits for St George and Princess Sabra (S.151) (ADC 17:9). 4 (Tue) DGR asks WMR to complain to The Athenaeum regarding the rejection of David Scott’s Self-Portrait by the National Portrait Gallery (Fredeman 2:455). 10 After dining with EES and ACS at Sablonière Hotel, Leicester Square, DGR goes to Working Men’s College. Returning at 11.30 pm, he ﬁnds EES unconscious having taken an overdose of laudanum. Dr Hutchinson of Bridge Street pumps her stomach. Three other doctors, including Dr John Marshall, arrive (FLM 221–4; Minto 2:65; Marsh 242–3). 11 WMR is summoned around 12.30 am by Mrs Burrell (housekeeper). DGR sends for EES’s family in Southwark. EES dies at 7.20 am (FLM 221–4; Minto 2:65). 12 An inquest is held at Bridewell Hospital. Evidence is given by DGR, ACS, Burrell and Hutchinson. The coroner’s verdict is accidental death. In 1949 Helen Rossetti Angeli claims EES left a suicide note (FLM 223–4; Lang 1:50; Angeli 195–204). 13 Ruskin, EES’s mother and sister Lydia come to view EES’s body. DGR is unable to receive them (Weintraub 124). 14 CGR writes to ABH of EES’s death: ‘Gabriel is in sorrow I will not attempt to describe’ (Harrison 1:155). 15 EIP is praised in the London Review (pp. 168–9). RB is shocked and grieved over DGR’s loss, and regrets not visiting him earlier to thank him for his book and return CGR’s poems (McAleer 98). 17 DGR places his manuscript poems in EES’s cofﬁn. FMB disapproves of DGR’s impulsiveness; WMR refuses to intervene. EES is buried at West Highgate Cemetery (Grave 5779). DGR moves in with his family at 45 Upper Albany Street. DGR draws FMLR (S.449) (ADC 18:4; FLM 224–7). The Rossetti family consider moving, together with DGR, to 1 Fitzroy Square. CGR asks ABH on 24 February if it is a respectable address (Harrison 1:157–8). 18 MFR writes to ABH that she is ‘going back to her pupils today’, after a break caused by EES’s death (RHC 4:1). 22 EIP is positively reviewed in The Athenaeum (pp. 253–4). Gambart suggests Regina Cordium (S.120) be withdrawn from the sale of John Miller’s collection out of respect for EES (Fredeman 2:456). WMR writes on Napoleon III’s visits to

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Charlotte Street in 1840s, before the Boulogne expedition, in Notes and Queries (pp. 157–8). On behalf of DGR, CGR writes to AM asking for the GM blocks back, because they need further work (Harrison 1:158).

March CGR’s GM ﬁnally published by Macmillan at end of month, with a cover design and two illustrations by DGR, cut by Faulkner and Linton (Suriano 194, 196). The long delay is occasioned by DGR’s slowness with illustrations. The volume is widely and favourably reviewed. Evidence suggests CGR’s health fails with the stress of publication and reviews; nevertheless she takes an active interest in its reception and sales. John Skelton’s ‘Winter Time’, Cornhill Magazine (pp. 281–93), praises DGR’s translations. DGR allows Farmer’s Daughter to be exhibited by John Miller with Gosse’s Fair Rosamund (S.128) at the Royal Scottish Academy (Fredeman 2:463). DGR stays with the Browns. Girl at a Lattice (S.152) is painted from their maidservant (Boyce 34). (c.March) DGR sketches a pen-and-ink caricature of CGR, inspired by the phrase from The Times, ‘Miss Rossetti can point to work which could not easily be mended’. WMR comments: ‘This is not much more like the poetess in visage than in action’ (PWCGR lxiii). 1 (Sat) William Carpenter, the leaseholder of Tudor House, 16 Cheyne Walk, Chelsea, offers to sell DGR house and ﬁxtures for £250 after the International Exhibition (Fredeman 2:456). 2 DGR writes to ABG of ‘the bond of misery which exists between us’ (FLM 226). 7 Plint’s pictures are sold at Christie’s, including ﬁve by DGR. Burd Alane (S.144) sells for £68 5s 0d and Dr Johnson at the Mitre (S.119.R1) for £75 12s 0d (Fredeman 2:435). CGR declines to contribute to a volume illustrated by Miles Birket Foster because ‘children are not amongst my suggestive subjects’ (Harrison 1:158–9). 13 ACS writes to Lady Jane Henrietta Swinburne: ‘Rossetti and I are going to live together as soon as we move – of course he could not stay in the old house, and asked me to come with him’ (Lang 1:50). 24 Through Rose, DGR enters into negotiations with Earl Cadogan, owner of Tudor House, for the lease at £225 plus £100 a year (MarshDGR 247). According to WMR, DGR

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25

27

28

31

intends his family to join him (FLM 227) but DGR asks ACS (Lang 1:50). CGR writes to AM that she has seen a copy of GM and they all admire ‘its sober pretty binding’ and adds ‘I hope reviewers will say something about G.M. &c.; even being laughed at is better than being ignored’ (Harrison 1:159). CGR writes to thank AM for her six copies of GM received that evening, mentioning that she has already given copies to FMLR and MFR. She shows quiet conﬁdence regarding sales (Harrison 1:161–2). DGR declines Pearson and Richard Holt Hutton’s offer to contribute poems to the Spectator. He recommends ACS (Fredeman 2:461). CGR composes ‘In Progress’ (Crump 3:471).

April CGR writes to AM that she has already read reviews of GM in Press, London Review, Critic, Spectator, Literary Gazette and Glasgow Citizen. She thanks him for recommending the volume to Mrs Charles Eliot Norton, who reviews it in Macmillan’s Magazine (September 1863, pp. 398–404). She expresses regret that sales are ‘so languid’: ‘if only the goodnatured comments of friends could be made commercially available!’ (Harrison 1:161). Anxious that her poem ‘Christian and Jew. A Dialogue’ has offended the Jewish Heimanns, CGR writes to ABH early this month explaining her motives for the poem of conversion. The Heimanns reply with concern about the ‘sad and melancholy’ and ‘despondent’ poetry and what it suggests about the poet’s state of mind. CGR replies on 29 April with an assertion of her creative imagination. The poems were ‘written during a period of 14 years, and under many varying inﬂuences of circumstances, health and spirits […] they are moreover the record of sensation, fancy, and what not, much as these came and went’ (Harrison 1:164). Smetham’s ‘Modern Sacred Art in England’, praising the work of DGR, is published in London Quarterly Review (p. 65). Positive reviews of EIP appear in Westminster Review (pp. 588–9) and British Quarterly Review (p. 500). DGR temporarily takes a studio at 77 Newman Street, which GPB declares DGR ‘would be glad to be out of’ (Boyce 34). Meredith’s ‘Cassandra’ is published in Modern Love without the intended illustration by DGR (Meredith 1:86). 2 (Wed) CGR informs ABH that the entire Rossetti family plans to remove to ‘remote’ Cheyne Walk (Harrison 1:63).

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4 7

12

14

19

20 24

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DGR complains to AM about the poor quality of the engravings for GM (Fredeman 2:467). AM requests a photograph of CGR for Macmillan’s Magazine, but CGR replies she does not have a ‘good one’ to send, adding ‘I am not much addicted to sitting for my portrait’ (Harrison 1:163). An article on GM appears in the London Review (pp. 353–4). DGR’s illustrations are commended and the poetry is praised as ‘the genuine utterance of a richly imaginative mind’. Review also in the Spectator (pp. 414–15), praising ‘Goblin Market’, but criticising the other lyric poems for a uniformity of sentiment and an ‘exuberant fancy’. DGR calls on GPB, returned recently from Egypt, and reads a couple of CGR’s poems to him. DGR declares he does not like the things GPB has done in the East, disliking ‘Eygptian or Eastern types of head’ and feeling that ‘all things that artists brought from the East were always alike and equally uninteresting’ (Boyce 34). EIP positively reviewed in the Saturday Review (pp. 449–51). Review of GM in Literary Gazette (p. 365), which praises the volume as ‘the work of a genuine poet, rendering melodiously articulate the sighs and aspirations of a heart that is swayed by the noblest impulses’. Review of GM in Critic (pp. 392–3) declares CGR has ‘genuine inventive power’. (Easter Day) CGR composes ‘Good Friday’ (Crump 1:297). DGR moves to new lodgings at 59 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, the former residence of the old Earl of Chatham. Munby describes it as having ‘lofty immense rooms, which R. has adorned with antique furniture and with his own masterly drawing’ (Boyce 34; Hudson 127; Ellis 114–16). Positive review of GM in The Athenaeum (pp. 557–8). ACS takes over DGR’s Newman Street studio (Lang 1:50). MFR sends ABH a circular for a projected training institution of nurses, in connection with All Saints Sisterhood, and asks her to recommend potential nurses: ‘I have been requested by the Mother Superior to make it known as widely as possible, the call upon them for trained nurses being very pressing, as the nursing & internal management of University Hospital, for a long time past partially, is now wholly entrusted to them’ (RHC 4:1).

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May CGR falls ill until the autumn: Marsh suggests because of the pressures of publication (Marsh 284). She is still ‘ailing’ at the end of June and refers to her ‘crazy condition’ at the start of July (Harrison 1:164). Enthusiastic review of GM in the English Woman’s Journal (pp. 206–7). John Skelton, ‘Vita Nuova of Dante’, Fraser’s Magazine (pp. 580–94). DGR works on St John Comforting the Virgin at the Foot of the Cross (S.104) and Bethlehem Gate (S.159) for EH, and a watercolour, Mariana, for William Marshall (Fredeman 2:472). 1 (Thu) The International Exhibition opens at South Kensington Museum with JPS’s King René’s Honeymoon Cabinet and DGR’s design for an ebonised sofa (S.122A) on display with the Morris ﬁrm, which receives medals of commendation. DGR’s Parable of the Vineyard windows are mistaken for real medieval glass. WMR purchases a copy of Rutherford Alcock’s Catalogue of Works of Industry and Art sent from Japan (ADC 26:14; Meredith 1:142). 6 A draft agreement for the sale of the lease of Tudor House to DGR is signed by Carpenter (Fredeman 2:462). 7 GPB buys Girl at a Lattice (S.152) from DGR for £30 (Boyce 34). 13 Julia Margaret Cameron writes to DGR with praise for GM: ‘It has given me a great longing to know your Sister’ (RP 4). 24 Review of GM in Saturday Review (pp. 595–6). June Review of GM in Eclectic Review (pp. 493–9), praising the poems for originality. 3 (Tue) CGR attends an evening party at BRP’s house. BLS and her husband Dr Eugene Bodichon are also present (Marsh 285). 13 Meredith tells Maxse he is to have a room at Tudor House for his ‘once-a-week visits’. He describes the house as ‘a strange, quaint, grand old place, with an immense garden, magniﬁcent pannelled staircases and rooms, – a palace’. According to Meredith, DGR is ‘still somewhat shaken’ (Meredith 1:148–9). 16 RB sees DGR and intends to call on him again, as well as on CGR and FMLR (McAleer 106–7). 18 WMR’s review of EIP appears in the Spectator (pp. 75–6). 22 DGR attends, along with Ralston and John Ormsby, a farewell breakfast at Arthur Joseph Munby’s for Stokes, who

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is leaving for India (Hudson 127). Munby comments that DGR ‘seems to have recovered, outwardly at least, the loss of his wife’. He pleases Munby by admiring a picture of Hannah Cullwick, Munby’s clandestine lover (Munby 127). DGR invites WMR, ACS, FMB, Munby, Ralston and CBC to his rooms to say goodbye to Stokes. They meet the following day and DGR gives Stokes a copy of François Villon’s poems as a leaving present (Hudson 127–8; Fredeman 2:474).

July Favourable reviews of GM appear in British Quarterly (pp. 230–1) and National Review (p. 199), the latter by H. Ward from the manuscript department of the British Museum. DGR quotes from them in a letter to CGR (ADC 11:6). DGR writes to FMLR (c.5 July): ‘I am sending you the National Review article by Book Post.You will ﬁnd it inside another – London Review – which I picked up on a bookstall seeing that I was puffed in it. I know not by whom’ (Fredeman 2:479). CGR hopes to have a second poem in Once a Week. The magazine objects to DGR’s fee for an accompanying illustration (Fredeman 2:480). A favourable review of DGR’s translations appear in National Review (pp. 60–95). DGR suggests GPB becomes a resident of Tudor House. DGR gives GPB a drawing of Cornforth (S.288) with a sketch of Joan of Arc (S.162B) on the reverse (Boyce 36). WMR, ‘Royal Academy Exhibition’, Fraser’s Magazine (pp. 65–76). ?1 (Tue) WMR and his sister (probably MFR), dressed in mourning for EES, attend ‘a great affair’ at the BRP’s home, where Dr Bodichon introduces four Algerians (AW 77). 2 WMR travels to Italy in the company of WBS. They visit Turin, Milan, Padua, Venice (where they meet Inchbold), Florence, Siena, Ravenna and Rome (where WMR makes contact with WJS). WMR writes long accounts to Henrietta Rintoul (RP 8–11; ADC 13:4, 16:7). 3 CGR is unwell and DGR has to cancel his plans to have the Browns over to meet RB (Fredeman 2:478). 9 In Padua WMR ﬁnds GR’s works banned but bookshops willing to sell covertly (RP 8). 11 DGR attends ACS’s housewarming party at 77 Newman Street, along with GPB, Rose, John Ormsby, Munro, Sandys, William Houghton Clabburn (textile manufacturer) and Meredith. ‘Swinburne recited much from his own poems and compositions, to the frantic delight of his guests’ (Boyce 35).

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c.11

12 28

CGR sends DGR a copy of CBC’s translation of Filippo Malicontri, or Student Life in Venetia: An Autobiography (1861) (Fredeman 2:481). Ruskin suggests he move in with DGR at Tudor House (CW 36:412). The ﬁrst recorded meeting between DGR and Whistler takes place at a party of ACS’s at which ‘Whistler gave humorous vent to a lot of comic stories’ (Boyce 35).

August c.mid-July/August: CGR holidays in Eastbourne for ﬁve weeks and beneﬁts from sea bathing (Harrison 1:165–6). CGR sends AM a photograph taken by Henrietta Rintoul, in 1855 ‘when I was much more addicted to verse writing than I am now’, which he subsequently rejects (Harrison 1:165; compare Fredeman 2:516). Rose buys Joan of Arc (S.162) (Fredeman 2:486). WMR, ‘Fine Art of the International Exhibition’, Fraser’s Magazine (pp. 188–99). WMR and WBS travel to Nemi, Rome, Leghorn, Pisa, Bourg and Mâcon (RP 11; ADC 16:7). 8 (Sat) DGR visits Whistler at 7a Queen’s Road, Chelsea, with GPB, ACS, Edward Poynter and the portrait painter George R. Chapman (occasional resident at Tudor House, mid1860s). Joanna Hiffernan, ‘a handsome girl with red hair’, is also there. Whistler shows his guests a few paintings in their early stages and his etchings (Boyce 35, 96). c.15 DGR takes on Walter John Knewstub as a student and unpaid studio assistant (Fredeman 2:435). 16 ACS shows DGR and GPB his lately acquired copy of Marquis de Sade’s Justine (1791) (Boyce 35; Lang 1:54). 30 Charles Dickens singles out DGR’s sofa design to exemplify the absurdity of the International Exhibition’s medievalisms in All the Year Round (p. 584). September CGR writes to BLS that ‘I have not forgotten the Portfolio [Society], and my latterly alarmingly barren brain not impeding will with your permission direct my contribution under cover to you at Blandford Square’ (Harrison 1:166). CGR’s contribution is ‘Day Dreams’, which she retitles ‘Reﬂection’ to ﬁt the current Portfolio theme (Marsh 286). ‘Poems by Mr. and Miss Rossetti’, Ecclesiastic and Theologian (pp. 419–29). WA takes up a post with the London Customs Ofﬁce and spends much

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time with DGR (AR 81). ACS helps DGR with Blake’s Prophetic Books (Lang 1:50). 24 (Wed) CP writes to WMR from Muntham Court with £100 cheque for his birthday and with a recommendation for new servants (transcript, ADC 10:7). 27 Illustrated London News writes that DGR’s sofa design ‘consisting only of rectangular bars is simply absurd’ and that it is intended ‘to rob us of our domestic comfort’ (p. 351). 28 CGR composes ‘“O Christ our all in each, our all in all!”’, originally entitled ‘Hold Thou me up’ (Crump 2:411). CGR cancels a visit with the Heimanns to the International Exhibition, preferring to donate the money she would have spent to the unemployed mill workers in Lancashire (Harrison 1:166). October DGR sells Paolo and Francesca (S.75.R1) to Leathart for c.£130 (Boyce 36, 97). The ﬁnal settlement on Tudor House is delayed as James Anderson Rose discovers Carpenter has previously been made insolvent (Fredeman 2:497). c.12 (Sun) DGR sends CGR a poem that he declares ‘seems like the ﬁrst fruits of Christina’s school’ (Fredeman 2:497). 22 DGR takes up residence of Tudor House. ACS, Meredith and WMR become tenants (Meredith 184). DGR borrows GPB’s Borgia (S.48.R1) to make a copy. He works on Joan of Arc (S.162) for Rose, making several drawings of ‘Fatty Aggie’ (Agnes) Manetti (Boyce 36, 97). November 13 (Thu) At BLS’s invitation, CGR sends Isa Craig ‘A Royal Princess’ for inclusion in Poems: An Offering to Lancashire in aid of victims of the Lancashire ‘Cotton Famine’. CGR recommends CBC as a contributor (CBC’s ‘Ad Sepulchrum: A Fragment’ is accepted). This is the ﬁrst clear indication of CGR’s growing affection for CBC (Harrison 1:169). 17 MFR writes to ABH suggesting she tutor Golde and Henrietta (ABH’s children) in Italian, which she has long looked forward to, as a mark of gratitude for Dr Heimann’s German lessons (RHC 4:1). 19 DGR introduces GPB to RB, whom he and WA bring to GPB’s studio at 14 Chatham Place, where DGR lived before marriage (Boyce 36; McAleer 138).

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22

In Notes and Queries (pp. 406–8), MFR posts questions and comments on Napoleon I and St Helena, in reaction to William Forsyth’s History of the Captivity of Naploeon at St. Helena.

December CGR composes ‘Amor Domente?’ (Crump 3:480), the start of her posthumously published sequence ‘Il rosseggiar dell’Oriente’ (completed August 1868), written in response to CBC’s ‘The Purple of the West’ (Marsh 290–1). CGR visits ABG in Brookbank, taking with her DGR’s work on the ‘Inventions of the Book of Job’ (Harrison 4:413). 7 (Sun) DGR gives GPB a drawing of Cornforth (S.289) (Boyce 36). 8–31 DGR goes to Newcastle to paint Maria Leathart (S.343) (Boyce 36, 98). 13 CGR composes ‘“Who would wish back the saints upon our rough?”’ (Crump 2:309, 466). 17 CGR composes ‘On the Wing’ (originally entitled ‘Once in a Dream’) and ‘“Out of the Deep”’ (Crump 1:243). 20 DGR draws AB (S.268). 22 CGR writes to ABH for her plum pudding recipe (Harrison 1:170). 23 DGR writes to FMLR concerning the Sunderland cork-cutter Thomas Dixon: ‘The fearful Dixon got wind of my presence, & though discouraged, duly turned up one evening. He is exceedingly anxious, among other topics, as to the allegorical meaning of Goblin Market, so Christina knows what she has to expect when next she sees him’ (ADC 11:7A; Fredeman 2:518). 25 For Christmas, CGR gives WMR a copy of An Offering to Lancashire, including handwritten corrections to CBC’s contribution ‘Ad Sepulchrum: A Fragment’ (Marsh 288).

1863 CGR As perhaps a reﬂection of her sense of poetic vocation, she has three new carte de visite made up, which she sends to AM in December (Harrison 1:175, 189; PWCGR lxiii). CGR continues to be involved with the Portfolio Society (Marsh 296). ‘In opening womanhood and even up to 1863 she [CGR] was troubled by symptoms which […] pointed to phthisis’ (Bell 35). CGR’s social engagements increase this year, as a mark of her new literary fame (Marsh 298–9). CGR ﬁrst corre-

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sponds with Dora Greenwell, the start of a long friendship between them; they probably ﬁrst meet in 1864. Composition CGR’s rate of poetic composition increases dramatically. She comments to AM on 5 February: ‘a while ago there were alarming appearances of my scribbling faculty having come to a long stop; but matters may mend’ (Harrison 1:175). Publication includes ‘Dream-Love’, A Welcome: Original Contributions in Poetry and Prose, pp. 63–6; ‘A Royal Princess’, Poems: An Offering to Lancashire, Printed and Published for the Art Exhibition for the Relief of Distress in the Cotton Districts; ‘The Offering of the New Law’ and ‘Conference between Christ, the Saints, and the Soul’ (retitled ‘“I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills”’ in 1875 volume), in Orby Shipley (ed.), Lyra Eucharista: Hymns and Verses on the Holy Communion, Ancient and Modern; with Other Poems. DGR’s relations with Smetham become ‘more friendly and brotherly’. Smetham spends every Wednesday in DGR’s studio (Smetham 26–7). Cornforth lives at Tudor House as DGR’s mistress; later given euphemistic title ‘housekeeper’ (MarshDGR 260). The French painter and etcher, Alphonse Legros, arrives in London and is befriended by DGR, introduced by Whistler (SR 322). Plans are made for DGR, Whistler, Legros and Henri Fantin-Latour to open an exhibition together (Maurier 216). Knewstub’s brother’s ﬁrm executes a stamp of the Rossetti family crest with the motto Frangas non ﬂectas for DGR, as well as a monogram to DGR’s design (DW 490). Around this date DGR or WMR buys a number of Japanese colour prints by Kuniyoshi, Yoshitora, Yoshi-Ikku, Shigenabu and Kunisada (ADC 18:4). Literary composition includes ‘Offering to Lancashire’ (Fredeman 3:11) and two-line versicle, ‘As much as in a hundred years, she’s dead’ (WDGR xxx). Publication includes ‘Sudden Light’, in Isa Craig-Knox’s fund-raising anthology, Poems: An Offering to Lancashire. AG’s Life of Blake is published by Macmillan, with DGR’s and WMR’s assistance acknowledged in ABG’s preface. Pictorial work includes • Oil Bethlehem Gate (S.159); Helen of Troy (S.163.R1); Woman in Yellow (S.165); La Castagnetta (S.166); Brimfull (S.167). • Watercolour Borgia (S.48.R1); St George and the Dragon (S.148.R1). • Chalk Venus Verticordia (S.173B); The Beloved (S.182A). • Pencil, Wash Henrietta Polydore (S.416); Ada Vernon (S.527); Ada Vernon (S.528, c.1863–5; S.527–8).

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DGR draws the ‘prudent crocodile’ in ‘Dream Lands’ for CGR (ADC 18:4). The ‘Rossetti’ armchair, possibly designed by DGR, is put into production by the Morris ﬁrm (Parry 176). The ﬁrm executes a number of DGR’s stained-glass designs including Ezekiel for All Saints, Banstead; Christ on the Cross for All Saints, Dedworth; Angel Swinging Censer for St Michael and All Saints, Lyndhurst; and Annunciation for Holy Rood, Rodbourne (Sewter 13, 60, 125, 162). Criticism P. G. Hamerton writes in A Painter’s Camp in the Highlands that Pre-Raphaelitism has had its day. WMR meets Moncure Conway through WBS (SR 492). WMR buys a book of black-and-white Japanese landscape prints, admired by Ruskin (RP 25–6). Publication ‘Animal-Design and Landscape’, Macmillan’s Magazine (vol. 8, pp. 116–23). Reviewer for Reader 1863–64 (Peattie xviii) and Fine Arts Quarterly Review (1863–66) (AN 80). Declines to review Woolner’s Beautiful Lady (1863) in Fraser’s Magazine for fear his critical opinion will be offensive (RP 39). January CGR composes ‘Amor si Sveglia?’ (Crump 3:480). ‘Si Rimanda la ToccaCaldaja’ is probably composed between now and January 1867. 2 (Fri) CGR writes to AM: ‘If my little book has ceased to threaten you with ultimate loss, I shall be well content with its success’ (Harrison 1:171). 3 CGR composes ‘The Queen of Hearts’ (Crump 1:268). 5 CGR sends to ABH her Petrarca article from the Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography, adding ‘May you not detect in it a tissue of blunders!’ (Harrison 1:172). 7 CGR responds to AM’s request for contributions for his Magazine by offering to send material to David Masson, and six of her poems are published this year. She is more ambivalent about a second poetry volume, worrying that ‘I should always be a worry to the publishing world. Write to order I really cannot.’ She does, however, have some material ready to send him (Harrison 1:173). FMB, P. P. Marshall, DGR and Rose privately discuss the management of Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. (LCPWC; GUW 12285). 13 CGR composes ‘For a Mercy received’, part of which is included in another poem, ‘“As a king … unto the King”’ (Crump 2:426, 3:472).

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15 19 20

DGR and GPB visit Whistler and order a set of his Thames Etchings (Boyce 37). DGR completes the sale of WBS’s Before Sunrise and After Sunset to Lushington (Fredeman 3:12). CGR composes ‘Seasons (“Oh the cheerful budding-time”)’ (Crump 3:373).

February CGR, ‘Light Love’, Macmillan’s Magazine (p. 287). DGR works on Joan of Arc (S.162) for Rose (according to WMR the model is Mrs Beyer, although there is a resemblance to Agnes Manetti) and Helen of Troy (S.163) from Annie Miller. DGR accepts a commission from Lady Louisa Caroline Ashburton to paint Salutation of Beatrice (S.116.R1) (partially the work of Knewstub). DGR informs Munro that he wants to abandon watercolours. DGR completes the supplementary chapter, edits the poetry and writes prose headnotes for Life of Blake. He wants ABG to insert a statement explaining that licence has been taken with the poems ‘to assist clearness or avoid redundance’ (Fredeman 3:12, 35–40). 3 (Tue) CGR writes to AM that she is cautious, for ﬁnancial reasons, about losing copyright on her longer poems. On 5 February she assures him her rate of payment, two guineas per page, is acceptable, but that she was concerned that if ‘Light Love’ had not been printed in columns she would have been paid for two pages. On 2 March she expresses surprise that she has been paid so much for a short poem, ‘The Bourne’, and suspects this is because of her previous complaint. On 9 March she returns one guinea from her fee back to AM (Harrison 1:173–6). 5 CGR composes ‘Summer (“Come, cuckoo, come”)’ (Crump 3:473). 11 Rather than cut poems in Life of Blake, DGR suggests a separate volume of unpublished writings be brought out. AM agrees (Fredeman 3:31–2). 12 DGR and WMR view Captain Butts’s collection of Blake’s large colour prints (Fredeman 3:30–3). 18 The Morris ﬁrm minutes that DGR’s History of St George stained-glass design is to be used in a commission from the Bradford manufacturer Hastings of Silsden House near Keighley, Yorkshire (Sewter 227–8).

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20 23 26

CGR composes ‘A Ring Posy’, originally entitled ‘Jess and Jill’ (Crump 1:279). CGR composes ‘Helen Grey’ (Crump 3:372). CGR composes ‘A Year’s Windfalls’ (Crump 1:275), written for the Portfolio Society (Marsh 296; CRPS).

March CGR, ‘The Bourne’, Macmillan’s Magazine (p. 382). 4 (Wed) CGR composes ‘A Bird’s-Eye View’ (Crump 1:276), probably for the Portfolio Society (Marsh 297). 20 CGR composes ‘Martyrs’ Song’ (Crump 1:295). 24 CGR composes ‘A Dumb Friend’ (Crump 3:473), probably for the Portfolio Society (Marsh 297). 26 Whistler attempts to get WMR a ticket for the Artists’ and Amateurs’ Conversazione at Willis’s Rooms (PWC 2/46/3–4; GUW 08983, 08987). April 1

(Wed) The Morris ﬁrm records that DGR is to carry out stained-glass cartoons of Jacob, Mary Magdalene and Martha at £3 each for St Peter’s, Bradford, and Elisha Raising the Shunamite’s Son for Holy Trinity Church, Halifax, at £2. Rossetti is later asked to alter the costume of Mary Magdalene on account of its impropriety (Sewter 28, 89). 6–mid-May CGR and FMLR visit HFP in Cheltenham (Harrison 1:176). 13 DGR makes GPB a present of Ellen Smith (S.516) to make up for Lady Greensleeves (S.161), which he offered to GPB but then promised to the ‘vampire Gambart’ (Boyce 38). 24 CGR composes ‘Life and Death’, entitled in one manuscript ‘An Escape’ (Crump 1:288). 30 DGR holds his ﬁrst recorded dinner party of signiﬁcance at Tudor House. WMR, ACS, Meredith, Leathart, EBJ, GPB, George Chapman, Marshall and Rose are present (Boyce 38). May CGR, ‘The Fairy Prince who arrived too late’ (ll. 481–540 of ‘The Prince’s Progress’), Macmillan’s Magazine (p. 36); CGR, ‘L.E.L’, Victoria Magazine (pp. 40–1). 7 (Thu) CGR composes ‘Consider’ (Crump 1:308). 12 Ralston and Munby visit DGR at Tudor House. Munby is impressed by the sumptuous interiors ﬁlled with antique furniture. DGR claims that the house is the remaining wing

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of a palace bought by Henry VIII for his children. He offends them by his disdainful treatment of Brett. Munby blames the inﬂuence of ACS. Hudson’s diaries of this period remain affectionate towards DGR (Hudson 160–2). CGR’s short article on the wording of ‘Prayer for the Church Militant’ is published in Notes and Queries (p. 409). DGR offers EH a picture of Beatrice seated by a sundial or Helen of Troy for 120 guineas (Fredeman 3:54).

June CGR visits ABG at her home in Brookbank, Surrey, for several days. William Haines, who assisted with the Life of William Blake, is also a member of the house party. WMR joins them for one afternoon and evening, after work at Somerset House, probably on 22 June (Harrison 1:179). CGR reads Jean Ingelow’s Poems through for the ﬁrst time, and also reads a volume of Plato (Marsh 313). Gilchrist’s daughter Grace recollects CGR’s visit: ‘To my child’s eyes she appeared like some fairy princess who had come from the sunny south to play with me’; Grace also recollects CGR’s shyness in company (Frend 823). W. & D. Downey takes several photographs of DGR and Ruskin at Cheyne Walk (Fredeman 3:12, 61). HTD ﬁrst meets DGR and WMR (WMR dates meeting 1867) (Dunn 14). 2 (Tue) CGR attends Emily Faithfull’s evening ‘at home’ with EH and possibly also ABH, apparently to celebrate the launch of the new Victoria Magazine (Harrison 1:178; CRPS). 12 GPB agrees to buy the painting DGR is executing from Marie Ford (S.182) for £45 (Boyce 38; Fredeman 3:59). 15 CGR thanks BRP ‘for the Portfolio spoils’ (Harrison 1:179). 16 DGR ﬁnishes Belcolore (S.160) (Fredeman 3:60). 17 CGR and MFR visit BRP. DGR is unable to accompany them because of a visit by WBS (Harrison 1:178). 25 CGR composes Part II of ‘Twilight Night’, later retitled ‘Tomorrow?’ (Crump 1:306). July CGR, ‘A Bird’s-Eye View’, Macmillan’s Magazine (p. 207). 2 (Thu) CGR writes to AM for permission to republish some of her devotional poetry from GM in Orby Shipley’s Lyra, if it will not affect the sales of the volume. She adds that she will not receive payment for the poems (Harrison 1:179–80). DGR proposes to change his Beatrice subject for EH to the Bride from Song of Solomon (Fredeman 3:62).

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6 8 c.11 15

25

30–1

CGR composes ‘Maiden Song’ (Crump 1:268). CGR thanks ABH for her hospitality and loans her a copy of Woolner’s My Beautiful Lady (1863). WMR travels to Italy (Harrison 1:180). CGR offers to lend Adolf Heimann Sir John Frederick William Herschel’s 1863 article ‘On Comets’ from Good Words (pp. 476, 549) (Harrison 1:182). CGR composes ‘The Poor Ghost’ (probably for the Portfolio Society; Marsh 297) and ‘The Lowest Room’ (Crump 1:271, 297). DGR visits Brighton (Fredeman 3:13).

August DGR is restless and lonely at Cheyne Walk with only Cornforth there, ACS being away, Meredith having ‘evaporated for good’ and WMR, according to DGR, rarely visiting. RB and Ruskin call. DGR attacks Ruskin for talking ‘awful rubbish’. However, DGR thinks him ‘a dear old chap’ and remorsefully writes him a letter of apology (Fredeman 3:71–2). 7 (Fri) WMR approaches AM about publication of his translation of Dante’s Inferno at his own expense. AM accepts. He had worked on the translation for nine years. FMLR pays the £50 cost of publication (RML 15–16). September (mid-Sept.) CGR, MFR and FMLR visit Tunbridge Wells (Harrison 1:182). Mrs. Charles Eliot Norton’s enthusiastic review of GM, ‘“The Angel in the House” and “The Goblin Market”’ appears in Macmillan’s Magazine (pp. 398–404), compares the poem to Coleridge’s ‘Rime of the Ancient Mariner’. DGR describes himself as carrying out copies of his pictures ‘for ﬁlthy lucre’s sake’. DGR is invited to submit a review of Life of Blake to Westminster Review. He recommends WA instead (Fredeman 3:76). 3 (Thur) WMR and DGR leave London for Dover (ADC 16:6). 4 In Calais WMR and DGR visit the museum in the old Hôtel Dessin. They travel to Brussels, where they stay at the Hôtel de Flandre (ADC 16:6; RP 31). 5 WMR and DGR visit the triennial Belgian exhibition (ADC 16:6). 6 In Brussels, WMR and DGR visit the cathedral and art gallery, where they view works by Rubens, Veronese, Jordaens, Rembrandt and Jan van Eyck (ADC 16:6).

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7

8

9

10

11 26 30

WMR and DGR leave for Antwerp where they visit the gallery and Church of St Jaques. They consider the Rubenses ‘over-rated’ (ADC 16:6). WMR and DGR visit the Hôtel de Ville, the churches of St Paul, St Augustine and St André and M. de Wuit’s private picture collection, which includes works by De Hooch and Velásquez (ADC 16:6). In Ghent, WMR and DGR visit the churches of St Jâcques and St Nicholas and the cathedral of St Bavon where they are impressed by the Van Eyck altarpiece. They travel on to Bruges where they stay at the Hôtel du Commerce (ADC 16:6). WMR and DGR visit the Hospital of St John, the Academy and the church of Notre Dame. They are impressed by the Gothic ‘vigour’ of Bruges. They leave for Calais via Lille. In Calais they stay at the Hôtel Dessin (ADC 16:6). WMR and DGR return to London (RP 39). DGR, thinking of beginning a large-scale oil version of Dante’s Dream, asks EH to lend her watercolour (Surtees 42). CGR composes ‘“Have I not striven, my God, and watched and prayed?”’ (Crump 2:410). AM introduces Charles Lutwidge Dodgson to DGR (Harrison 1:185).

October Publication of AG’s Life of William Blake, ‘Pictor Ignotis’, by Macmillan. CGR, ‘Gone Before’, English Woman’s Journal (p. 91); CGR,’The Queen of Hearts’, Macmillan’s Magazine (p. 457). CGR composes ‘Somewhere or Other’, entitled in one manuscript ‘A prospective Meeting’. Probably between October 1863 and 15 January 1864, CGR composes ‘A Chill’ (Crump 1:290–1). ?CGR writes to DG to encourage her to contribute to Orby Shipley’s Lyra. She praises her ‘Carmina in via Crucis’ as ‘very lofty and profound a theme’ and mentions her contribution to the Cornhill from the previous month (‘A Poem’). She responds wryly to Greenwell’s admiration of ‘The Fairy Prince who Arrived too Late’: ‘I am glad you like my reverse of the Sleeping Beauty: except in fairy land such reverses must often occur; yet I don’t think it argues a sound or grateful spirit to dwell on them as predominantly as I have done’ (Harrison 1:183–4). She contrasts this with the ‘rebuke’ given to her by the ‘healthy cheerfulness’ of BRP’s Ballads and Songs (1863). DGR works on Fazio’s Mistress (S.164).

160 A Rossetti Family Chronology

1

5–8

11

14 29 31

(Thu) CGR composes ‘Margery’, one stanza of which forms lines 1–5 of a separate poem, ‘“The sinner’s own fault? So it was”’ (Crump 2:465, 3:473). Munro and his wife bring the amateur photographer Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (Lewis Carroll) to Cheyne Walk to take the Rossetti family’s photographs. CBC, Legros and the Munro and Hughes families also pose (Fredeman 3:13, 79). Dodgson reports that CGR ‘seemed a little shy at ﬁrst’, but that ‘Both the sisters seemed clever, and are very pleasant to converse with.’ On 8 October Dodgson photographs DGR’s drawings (Green 203–5). Probably in the following month, CGR writes to Dodgson thanking him for his work and listing the copies of each photograph required, including his photographs of DGR’s sketches. She declines his invitation to visit him in Oxford (Harrison 1:185). ACS writes to WMR from East Dene that he intends to ‘enrich’ Tudor House ‘with various glories of Chinese origin’, including ‘a huge screen’, two painted mirrors and two bird pictures on alabaster (Lang 1:88–9). DGR asks AM to send three copies of Life of William Blake, intended for himself, WMR and Munro (RML 16–17). On behalf of DGR, WMR asks AM to send copies of Life of William Blake to WA, ACS and RB (RML 18). WMR, ‘Japanese Woodcuts’, Reader (pp. 501–3; 7 November, pp. 536–8).

November WMR attends the view day of the Blamire sale at Christie’s where he ﬁnds a copy of Blake’s Jerusalem with Tatham’s manuscript Life of Blake and a portrait by Richmond of Blake’s wife (RP 40–3). Mrs Thomas Combe lends DGR First Anniversary of Death of Beatrice (Fredeman 3:13). 7 (Sat) CGR tells ABH of MFR’s ‘present fullness of work:— you may think she has not much time for leisure when I tell you that, besides a regular morning and an afternoon engagement, she gives an Italian lesson twice a week, and for one of her pupils has a little preparatory study at home’ (Harrison 1:188). 11 DGR asks EH if she would be willing to commission one or two weeks’ work on her watercolour Dante’s Dream, ‘heightening its colour & removing stiffness’ (Fredeman 3:85).

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18 19 21

Ruskin writes to EH requesting permission to remove Dante’s Dream from DGR’s ‘destructive’ powers (Surtees 43). DGR sends Fazio’s Mistress to William Blackmore at Hooton (Fredeman 3:13). DGR informs EH that he intends to alter Dante’s feet in Dante’s Dream, as he considers them ‘of the canoe class in shape & size’ (Fredeman 3:89).

December CGR, ‘One Day’, Macmillan’s Magazine (p. 159); earning her £3 3s 0d (Harrison 1:189). DGR offers Beloved to George Rae (Birkenhead banker) and offers to paint EH a picture of Beatrice by a sundial (S.168) (Fredeman 3:98). DGR tries to interest Leathart in the works of Whistler and Legros. He particularly recommends a Thames picture by Whistler, possibly Last of Old Westminster (YMSM 39), for 800 guineas and Legros’s picture of Hamlet for 45 guineas (JLC 1:8; GUW 12441). 1 (Tue) CGR suggests to AM, who has been pressing her for another volume of poems, that she has enough new material to augment a second edition of GM (Harrison 1:189). 16 DGR asks Rose to put in a good word for A. W. Taylor who is applying for the position of secretary at St George’s Hospital (Fredeman 3:96). 31 CGR writes to DG, thanking her for an unidentiﬁed gift; an unsigned essay in The Athenaeum (‘A Poetic Trio’, 7 August 1897, p. 193), later suggests is a ‘well-made workbag’, after ‘Miss Greenwell had challenged Miss Rossetti to produce a creditable sample of skilled needlework’. In the letter, CGR mentions that she has just ﬁnished some proof work for the SPCK. She relays her admiration for Jean Ingelow – ‘I want to know who she is, what she is like, where she lives’ – and expresses her hope that she will meet DG for the ﬁrst time soon (Harrison 1:190–1).

1864 CGR ﬁrst meets Revd Dr R. F. Littledale at WBS’s house (Bell 49), and ﬁrst meets Jean Ingelow who recommends to CGR her own American publisher Roberts Brothers (Marsh 314–15). CGR records her repugnance for spiritualism, partly in response to suspected imposture in the séances attended by her brothers (Packer 212).

162 A Rossetti Family Chronology

Publications include ‘Good Friday’, ‘I Know You Not’, ‘A Christmas Carol’ and ‘Easter Even’, in Orby Shipley (ed.), Lyra Messianica; ‘Come Unto Me’ and ‘Ash Wednesday’, in Orby Shipley (ed.), Lyra Eucharistica (2nd edn). DGR’s income is considerable, yet debts to the Plint estate, poor management and lavish expenditure leave him chronically short of ‘tin’. DGR becomes increasingly obsessed with collecting Japanese and Chinese works of art, rugs, musical instruments and porcelain. Is in intense rivalry with Whistler over who can collect the greatest number and most unusual pieces of blue and white. DGR purchases the entire collection of blue and white of Marquis d’Azeglio for £200 (PAC 132). Whistler and Legros sit for Fantin-Latour’s Hommage à Eugène Delacroix. DGR is invited on Whistler’s recommendation but is unable to travel to Paris (PWC 1/33/15–16; GUW 08036, 11478). John Cattermole, an ironworker, lodges in DGR’s stables; DGR considers giving him notice in order to build an outdoor studio. DGR keeps peacocks and a zebu in his garden. DGR inﬂuences Whistler’s working method (Merrill 67) and encourages the adoption of a more subtle monogram (Pennell 1:124–5). According to the frame-maker Gustav Mayer of Obach & Co., Rossetti is the designer of Whistler’s early frames (Merrill 56). On behalf of FMB, Peter Paul Marshall and Legros (for whom he acts as ‘secretary’), DGR attempts to obtain sales with patrons including the art dealer William Vokins, Clabburn, James Leathart and Rose, holding pictures in his studio. He promotes ACS’s works with Macmillan. DGR describes Albert Moore to FMB as ‘a dull dog’ and Inchbold as ‘less a bore than a curse’ (Fredeman 3:141–2, 178, 180, 188, 220, 427). HTD records that in the 1860s table-turning, spirit-rapping, planchette and mesmerism take up Rossetti’s time when he is not painting (Dunn 46–8). DGR is friendly with the medium Daniel Home (Brown 206). Literary composition includes prose explanation and poem for Seed of David (ﬁrst poetry DGR writes following death of EES) (WDGR xxviii, xxxvi, 668). Pictorial work includes • Oil Beata Beatrix (S.168); Lady Lilith (S.205). • Watercolour How Sir Galahad, Sir Bors and Sir Percival were Fed with the Sanc Grael (S.94.R1); The Salutation of Beatrice (S.116.R2); How They Met Themselves (S.118.R2); Roman de la Rose (S.126.R1); Joan of Arc (S.162.R2); Morning Music (S.170); Woman Combing her Hair (S.174).

1864 163

• Crayon Palmifera (S.193B). • Pencil The Laurel (S.172); Aspasia Teaching Socrates to Dance (S.176). Helen of Troy (S.163) is exhibited at Liverpool Academy, DGR having asked its owner, W. Blackmore (solicitor of Hooton, Cheshire) to send it, at John Miller’s request. John Heugh of Tunbridge Wells commissions two watercolours, Aspasia Teaching Socrates to Dance and an unspeciﬁed scriptural subject (neither are executed) (DW 517). Stainedglass designs by DGR, carried out by the Morris ﬁrm, include: Christ in Majesty, St Mary Magdalene, Martha, Jacob, Ezekiel and Daniel for St Peter’s, Bradford; Jacob and possibly Eleazar for St Stephen’s near St Peter Port, Guernsey; Sermon on the Mount for Christ Church, Albany Street; Sermon on the Mount for Christ Church, Sunderland; and Christ in Majesty for St Paul’s, Manningham, Bradford (Sewter 27, 29, 86, 167, 182). WMR sits to Legros for portrait in oils (SR 322). Publication includes end of contributions to Fraser’s Magazine; starts to write for Benjamin Woodward’s short-lived Fine Arts Quarterly Review (SR 299; RP 39). January CGR writes to BLS to apologise for not visiting her as promised: she has been working (presumably on SPCK proofs) and also has an illness that ‘require[s] rest of various kinds in conjunction with medicine’. CGR worries that she had sent work from her old compositions to the Portfolio Society, which matched the theme, and wonders anxiously if this infringed the rules. She would like to continue as a corresponding member ‘on these same lazy terms […] having got into shy and stayat-home habits’. She asks BLS to call in to see her in the evening, if she ever passes her way (Harrison 1:192–3; CRPS). DGR sells Gate of Memory to Vokins following retouching (Fredeman 2:157). 1 (Fri) An anonymous review of Life of Blake appears in Westminster Review (pp. 101–18), probably by WA, praising DGR’s EIP. 2 CGR sends her new carte de visite to ABH (Harrison 1:193). 11 CGR writes to Emily Davies, editor of Victoria Magazine, to ask to see proofs of ‘The Eleventh Hour’ (Harrison 1:193–4). 15 CGR composes ‘Summer’ (Crump 1:281). 20 CGR composes ‘Beauty is Vain’ (Crump 1:243). 28 CGR composes ‘What Would I Give?’ (Crump 1:280).

164 A Rossetti Family Chronology

February CGR, ‘The Eleventh Hour’, Victoria Magazine (pp. 317–18). DGR paints Monna Pomona (S.171) from Ada Vernon. DGR suggests refunding Gillum his payment for pictures; Gillum prefers to have paintings (Fredeman 3:119; Boyce 39). Philip Robert Polidori, FMLR’s brother, dies ‘after a most rapid decline’ (Harrison 1:194). WMR is in Paris (RP 54). 21 (Sun) WB visits DGR in Chelsea and writes to AB: ‘He is getting fatter than ever, and has just invested in blue china to the extent of 120 pieces at a cost of £50’ (LPI 85–6). 23 CGR composes ‘Faint yet pursuing’, later retitled ‘Come Unto Me’ (Crump 3:368). 24 DGR tells Rose he wants to go to Holland to buy blueand-white china. His plans are to be kept from Whistler. DGR begins negotiations for the sale of Paolo and Francesca da Rimini (S.75), Blue Closet (S.90), Damsel of the Sancgrael (S.91), Tune of the Seven Towers (S.92), Chapel and the Lists (S.99), Before Death of Breuze sans pitié (S.101), from WM to George Rae for 250 guineas (Fredeman 3:116–18). March CGR, ‘Sit Down in the Lowest Room’, Macmillan’s Magazine (pp. 436–9). DGR approaches AM asking him to consider publishing ACS’s ‘Chastelard’, praising its ‘astonishing beauty’ and comparing him to Tennyson (RML 21–2). 1 (Tue) CGR composes ‘Who Shall Deliver Me?’ (Crump 1:312). The ﬁnal two stanzas become the conclusion of ‘“What is that to thee? follow thou me”’ (Crump 2:457). Ruskin removes Dante’s Dream from Chelsea in order to photograph it (Surtees 43). 19 CGR composes ‘In Patience’, the ﬁnal stanza of which becomes a separate poem ‘“Man’s life is but a working day”’ (Crump 2:455, 3:474). 23 DGR gives GPB a drawing of JM (S.265) to thank him for the pictures he has borrowed for copying (Boyce 40). 28 DGR tells FMB he has just bought a ‘god-like picture’ of Old Swan Inn and Market-Place at Barnet, c.1810, possibly by George Morland, for £2; WMR questions the attribution (Fredeman 3:132). 30–1 LMB composes a love poem in which WMR’s initials are added to hers (ADC 7:1).

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April DGR paints First Madness of Ophelia (S.169). DGR signs an agreement with Gambart to produce two 50-guinea drawings a month over two years. His ﬁrst offering is Wedding of Saint George (S.150.R1). He asks for 200 guineas in advance (Fredeman 3:137–8). Having interviewed DGR, WMR, JEM, Brett and Woolner by correspondence, Philip G. Hamerton writes ‘Théories Artistiques en Angleterre’ for Revue des Deux Mondes and ‘Reaction from Pre-Raphaelitism’ for Fine Arts Quarterly (pp. 255–62) (RP 44–8). 1 (Fri) MFR, suffering from overwork, declines engagement to visit ABH. CGR goes alone because WMR takes FMLR to Nine Elms Station to see Garibaldi’s entrance (Harrison 1:195). 4 CGR composes ‘Easter Monday’, originally entitled ‘Easter’ (Crump 2:419). 12 CGR composes ‘If’ (Crump 3:373). 17 CGR composes ‘A Return’, later retitled ‘The Ghost’s Petition’ (Crump 1:282). 28 J. Mitchell of Bradford commissions Venus Verticordia (S.173, 1864–68). DGR rejects Gambart’s advice to join the Old Water Colour Society, to avoid categorisation as a watercolour painter. He talks of organising his own oneman show (Fredeman 3:143–4). 29 Hearing MS is to become FMB’s pupil, DGR hopes to obtain her services as a model (Fredeman 3:144). May 3 6

7

10

20

(Tue) DGR sends Gambart Maids of Elfen-Mere (S.67A) and Spring (S.132), promising further Seasons (Fredeman 3:145). CGR composes ‘The Audience Chamber’, part of which becomes lines 1–12 of ‘“What is that to thee? follow thou me”’ (Crump 2:457). CGR writes to DGR, resisting his pressure on her to prepare another poetry volume: ‘why rush before the public with an immature vol.?’ (Harrison 1:196). J. Hamilton Trist of Brighton commissions King René’s Honeymoon (S.175), as a pendant to FMB’s Architecture; DGR asks JPS to take off the door from the original King René’s Honeymoon cabinet so that Knewstub can make a copy (Fredeman 3:146, 180). Walter Dunlop offers DGR payment in advance for Boat of Love (Fredeman 3:315).

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21

22

26

31

FJS ﬁrst meets DGR, introduced by George Butterworth, a student of Ruskin’s at the Working Men’s College (Mills 82). DGR seeks Butler & Knight’s permission to abandon Queen’s Page and repay 200 guineas to the Plint Estate (Fredeman 3:151). The Rossetti household invites James Leathart (the industrialist), AB, the Scotts and Woolner to visit for the evening (Harrison 1:197); no doubt the Scotts and AB had to decline because they entertained DGR, MFR and Simeon Solomon in their new house in Elgin Rd on this date (LPI 87–8). CGR composes ‘Sunshine’ (Crump 3:474).

June CGR receives her half proﬁts from GM this month (calculated after publication expenses have been met). She writes to AM with delight that a second edition of the volume is planned, but she takes a few days to decide that she does not have the material ready for a second volume of poems (Harrison 1:197–8). CGR composes ‘Twice’ (Crump 1:273). Towards the end of the month or into July, DGR refuses to write art criticism for AM: ‘my business in connection with Art being to paint & not to write’ (RML 27). DGR sends off the left wing of the Llandaff triptych, completing the altarpiece (Fredeman 3:156). 7 (Tue) FJS sends DGR, Ruskin and Charles Kingsley mounted sets of photographs of his illustrations to Daniel Defoe’s Journal of the Plague Year (1722) (Mills 83). 11 CGR composes ‘Meeting’, which forms lines 11–16 of ‘“Parting after Parting”’ (Crump 2:444, 3:474). 14 CGR composes ‘“None with him”’ (Crump 3:475). DGR sends FJS a copy of EIP. This is possibly DGR’s ﬁrst letter to FJS (Fredeman 3:157). WMR leaves London for Paris. In Paris WMR studies the works of Delacroix in the Hôtel de Ville, St Sulpice, Corps Législatif library and the Louvre. He travels to Basle, Lucerne, Milan, Venice, Vicenza, Verona, Bergamo, Lecco, Bellagio, Coire and Zurich (ADC 16:8; RP 54–9). 24 Dodgson calls on DGR and sees his new pictures, particularly admiring Venus Verticordia (Green 217). 25 CGR and MFR attend a church fete in Mitcham, given by Russell Gurney, where they meet Dodgson, EH, WHH, the Munros, Jenny Lind and Gerard Manley Hopkins (Marsh

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27

29

314; Green 218). By mid-August Hopkins completes a reply to CGR’s ‘Convent Threshold’, entitled ‘A Voice from the World’ (Abbott 214). CGR escorts the Heimanns and Harrisons to Tudor House in the late afternoon. She writes to ABH on 23 June ‘I have pledged myself that we will respect Gabriel’s privacy in his studio: but happily there are elsewhere curious and interesting objects for our amusement’ (Harrison 1:199). CGR composes ‘In Captivity’, retitled ‘By the Waters of Babylon. / B.C. 570’ (Crump 1:309).

July In the ﬁrst half of July, CGR, FMLR and HP visit the RA. CGR admires Edwin Henry Landseer’s Polar Bears and The Piper and the Pair of Nutcrackers, Simeon Solomon’s Deacon, Whistler’s Wapping, Brett’s Massa, Bay of Naples and Henry Stacy Marks’s The House of Prayer. She is not so appreciative of one of Millais’s paintings, although does not identify which (he had four exhibited this year) (Harrison 1:200–1). In the second half of July, CGR is in Cheltenham with HP, who is ill with consumption. CGR writes to ABH on 20 July that Cheltenham is ‘not to my taste: but the environs afford charming drives, and some of the ﬁnest views I know’. She mentions that she has heard from home news of ABH’s visits to DGR. She then makes a short stay at Malvern with HP (Harrison 1:200, 203, 212). Dunlop buys Annunciation (S.131) for 130 guineas. DGR had given the work to John Miller to cover a debt of £50 or £60. DGR intends to pay his debt and keep the proﬁt (Fredeman 3:166). 1 (Fri) DGR begins to pay a six monthly bill of £105 to the Plint estate (DW 585). DGR enquires from Philip Webb regarding time and expenditure required to build a studio in his garden, his house proving too dark for large commissions (Fredeman 3:167). WA describes his intimacy with DGR as ‘a thing of the past’ (AR 100). 4 In Vicenza, WMR visits the church of the Madonna di Monte Berico and sees works by Bartolommeo Montagna and Veronese. He travels to Verona where he meets Lucius, son of Smith O’Brien (ADC 16:8; RP 57). 6 DGR asks WA not to bring Tennyson to visit as he has no ﬁnished work to show him. DGR has begun to adopt reclusive habits, seeing little outside his close circle of friends (Fredeman 3:174).

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11 13

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CGR composes lines 1–40 of ‘A Farm Walk’ (Crump 1:290). In Paris WMR discovers two new Japanese shops in rue Vivienne. He visits the Société d’Acclimatation (ADC 16:8; RP 59). WMR returns to London (RP 59). CGR composes ‘Under Willows’ (Crump 3:475).

August ‘Our Camp in the Woodland: A Day with the Gentle Poets’, Fraser’s (pp. 204–13), discusses CGR alongside EBB, Adelaide Procter and Jean Ingelow, and praises CGR for her originality and innovation. FMLR is in Hastings with MFR and HP (Fredeman 3:183). 15 (Mon) CGR composes ‘Bird or Beast?’ and ‘A Sketch’ (Crump 1:289, 3:475). 24 DGR suggests to AM that he place a copy of Blake’s Life with Edinburgh Courant, whose editor (James Hannay) is a friend of his (RML 28). 26 CGR composes ‘Songs in a Cornﬁeld’; lines 71–85 of the notebook version of this poem form Part I of ‘Twilight Night’ (Crump 1:268, 306). September The painter George Chapman, who is very ill, stays with DGR at Cheyne Walk. DGR visits Llandaff to retouch his triptych and direct the decoration of the surrounding stonework (Fredeman 3:101, 162, 191). 3 (Sat) CGR composes ‘If I Had Words’ (Crump 3:476). CGR forwards to ABH a Shanghai introduction for her son Charles, who is preparing to leave for the Orient for six years (Harrison 1:201). 5 MFR and FMLR arrive home from Hastings (Harrison 1:201). DGR sends ACS’s ‘miscellaneous poems’ to AM (RML 29). 15 DGR writes to ACS with news that AM refuses to publish his poems on moral grounds (Fredeman 3:191). October CGR composes ‘Jessie Cameron’ (Crump 1:269). DGR ﬁnishes Joan of Arc (S.162.R1) for EH and paints Venus Verticordia (S.173.R.1) for Rae (Boyce 41). FJS sends DGR a copy of his translation of Song of Songs (Mills 91). DGR and Cornforth go to Paris. DGR sees Fantin-Latour’s

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Hommage à Delacroix. Fantin takes DGR to see Edouard Manet and to the studio of Gustave Courbet. DGR admires Courbet but expresses disdain for the new French school of painting (Fredeman 3:207–8). 10 (Mon) CGR composes ‘Despised and Rejected’ (Crump 1:293). 22 CGR composes ‘Weary in Well-Doing’ (Crump 1:294). November The Rossetti family’s address is renumbered to 166 Albany Street. DGR encourages Skelton to review positively ACS’s ﬁrst volume, The Queen Mother and Rosamund (Skelton 80). DGR visits Mme Dessoye’s Japanese shop, rue de Rivoli, where he ﬁnds the costumes are ‘being snapped up’ by the artist Jacques Joseph Tissot. DGR visits François Millet. He is disappointed Charles Baudelaire is not in town (Fredeman 3:209, 215–17). 13 (Sun) DGR encourages Skelton to write an enthusiastic article on ACS’s early poems in Fraser’s Magazine to help ACS get more recent work published (Fredeman 3:210). 14 CGR composes ‘Birds of Paradise’, retitled ‘Paradise: in a Symbol’ (Crump 3:374). 17 CGR writes to AM to request, on behalf of herself and DGR, the same red binding for the second edition of GM as WA’s The Ballad Book (1864) (Harrison 1:202). 23 DGR returns from Paris (Harrison 1:202). 24 DGR advises Allan Park Paton, who is involved in the restoration of Old West Kirk, Greenock, and asks DGR to design a window, to go to the Morris ﬁrm (Sewter 85). 28 CGR writes to ABG: ‘My acquaintance with Jean Ingelow’s Poems to which you kindly introduced me, has been followed by a very slight acquaintance with herself. She appears as unaffected as her verses, though not their equal in regular beauty: however I fancy hers in one of those variable faces in which the variety is not the least charm’ (Harrison 1:203). 29 WMR complains to AM of printer’s delays with his translation. He is anxious James Ford’s rival terza rima translation of Inferno will appear soon with Smith & Elder (RML 32). December CGR, ‘My Friend’, Macmillan’s Magazine (p. 155). DGR paints Nelly Smith’s head into Beloved. Colonel Fielding lends Girlhood of Mary Virgin for retouching and reframing. Encouraged by FJS, Frederick W. Craven, a Manchester patron of FJS, purchases

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Washing Hands (S.179) for c.£157 and Hesterna Rosa (S.57.R1) for 125 guineas. DGR seeks an advance from Craven to cover seasonal expenses. He hopes to get £100 from Rae to pay Plint’s executors. DGR meets the landscape painter Henry Mark Anthony at GPB’s. FJS sends DGR an inscribed copy of his Pilgrim’s Progress designs; WMR approaches the Reader about reviewing the volume (Boyce 41; Mills 95–6; DW 524; Fredeman 3:222–8, 244). 3 (Sat) After a friend of WBS, W. H. Blunt, points out to CGR the similarity of one of her sonnets with Shakespeare, she replies with a denial that she knew the source when she wrote the sonnet 15 years ago and that it was a ‘spontaneous thought’ (Harrison 1:204–5). 8 CGR’s health causes serious concern, so at short notice she travels to Hastings to spend the winter, accompanied by WMR and FMLR, where she joins HFP and HP (also unwell), who are wintering in the resort. WMR and FMLR leave after a few days, but CGR’s health (a bad cold compounding her habitual cough) requires the change of scene on the advice of the family doctor, William Jenner, until the start of April 1865. Their lodgings are in the ‘unfashionable’ High Street (Harrison 1:205, 218). Also at Hastings are other invalids: GBJ, and the family of Jean Ingelow and Augustus and Sophia de Morgan. She is also reconciled with Henrietta Rintoul (Marsh 318–19). During this period CBC sends MFR instalments of his translations from Homer’s Iliad, on which she comments in enthusiastic and scholarly detail, before passing the manuscript to CGR in Hastings (TC 12:1). At Hastings, CGR reads a volume of Plato (a birthday present from FMLR) and books from a circulating library, and comments in letters on her envy at Jean Ingelow’s success with her Poems, now in an eighth edition. 14 CGR writes to AM asking for the proofs to the second edition of GM to be sent to Hastings (Harrison 1:206). 20 CGR writes to AM that Mary Ann Virginia Gabriel plans to set ‘Echo’ to music. She also asks his advice about whether R. H. Baynes’s request to reprint ‘From House to Home’ in English Lyrics will prejudice the sales of the second edition of GM. AM replies with his assent a few days later. CGR also writes to FGS to thank him for sending an early copy of his Normandy, Its Gothic Architecture and History (Harrison 1:206, 211). 21 CGR composes ‘Grown and Flown’, entitled in the manuscript notebook ‘Alas for me!’ (Crump 1:290). CGR also

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writes to ABG, declining her for the invitation to visit Brookbank because a milder climate has been advised. She has just been given the eighth edition of Ingelow’s Poems: ‘imagine my feelings of envy and humiliation!’ (Harrison 1:207–8). CGR writes to DGR, thanking him and WMR for the gift of a Japanese carving. She is still working on the poem that will become ‘The Prince’s Progress’ and has calculated that she has enough poems to ﬁll 120 pages of a new volume. DGR’s selection of suitable poems has excluded some of her favourites ‘which perhaps I may adroitly re-insert when publishing day comes round: especially am I inclined to show ﬁght for at least one terza-rima in honour of our Italian element’. She has sent three ‘pot-boilers’ to Macmillan’s Magazine (‘Spring Fancies’, ‘Last Night’, ‘Consider’: all published in 1865). To DGR’s account of the Davenport séance, she responds ‘the whole subject is awful and mysterious […] I still hope simple imposture may be the missing key’ (Harrison 1:208–9, 255). CGR composes ‘Dost Thou Not Care?’ (Crump 1:294). DGR is eager for GPB, rather than Whistler, to take the house next door to him at Cheyne Walk. He offers to lease the top ﬂoor studio from GPB to paint large works (Boyce 101).

1865 CGR meets Jean Ingelow while wintering in Hastings (Harrison 1:191, 241), and after her return home ﬁrst meets RB (Marsh 340). CGR probably ﬁrst meets CG in or shortly before March. CG later recalls an undated evening party hosted by the Rossettis, attended by FMLR, MFR, DGR, WMR, CGR, CBC, CG and the Heimanns. CG recollects that MFR ‘explained to us that evening with word and pencil “Dante’s world”, as she called it’ (TC 24:29). Her poetry output is productive as she works on preparing a second volume for Macmillan. Either in Spring or September, CGR sends to DGR notes from Bohn’s edition of Plato on Socrates and Aspasia. Hughes paints Dove, illustrating CGR’s ‘Birthday’ (Fredeman 3:372–3). Publication includes ‘Martyrs’ Song’, in Orby Shipley (ed.), Lyra Mystica; ‘From House to Home’ reprinted in R. H. Baynes (ed.), English Lyrics. GM is reissued by Macmillan with typesetting errors corrected, and with title page lettering by Charles Faulkner’s sister, under DGR’s direction (Suriano 194).

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DGR The Morris Firm takes a 21-year lease on 26 Queen Square, Bloomsbury (Salmon 33). DGR does much to promote FMB among friends and patrons, including WFCT and GCT, introduced through Ruskin (Hueffer 218). DGR and Ruskin become increasingly estranged. Ruskin admits to giving Arthur’s Tomb to Butterworth. Ruskin becomes increasingly intolerant of DGR’s technical faults and new sensual style. He is unhappy about a photograph of him taken by Downey, recommended by DGR (CW 36:l, 488–91; RP 133–7). DGR attempts to terminate Cattermole’s tenancy of his stables (Fredeman 3:366, 234). VCP describes Tudor House as ‘a curiosity’. DGR frequents Charles Jamrach’s animal emporium on Ratcliff Highway and his garden becomes something of a menagerie; over the next few years DGR acquires a raccoon, parrot, woodchuck, kangaroo, wallabies, armadillos, chameleons, salamanders, peacocks, ravens and owls. Many meet unfortunate ends (PAC 130; CW 36:xlviii; Boyce 45). Publication includes ACS’s Atlanta in Calydon with binding designed by DGR (Lang 1:145). Finances DGR’s income for this year is about £2050 (RP 223). VCP records that DGR is careless in his expenses, preferring not to use a bank (PAC 134). Literary composition includes ‘Aspecta Medusa’ (according to WMR) and ‘Plighted Promise’ (WDGR xxviii). Pictorial work includes • Oil Mary Magdalene at the Door of Simon the Pharisee (S.109.R1, probably worked on by Knewstub; one or two other replicas exist from around this time (S.109.R2); Il Ramoscello (Bella e Buona) (S.181), according to WMR a portrait of one of William Graham’s daughters, denied by H. C. Marillier (FLDGR 243; Marillier 139); The Beloved (S.182), 1865–66, modelled on Marie Ford, for EH. • Watercolour Hesterna Rosa (S.57.R1) commissioned by Frederick Craven, 125 guineas; Merciless Lady (S.177); Fight for a Woman (S.180), begun for Gambart but refused as ‘likely to prove unpopular’. • Crayon Circe (S.187); Diana (S.188); CAH (S.337). • Chalk, Charcoal JM (S.367–70; S.371, c.1865–70) • Pencil, Pen, Ink Dantis Amor (S.117B), c.1865–66; Aspecta Medusa (S.183); Three Sang of Love Together (S.184); JM (S.366); The Beloved (S.A7); Hamlet and Ophelia (S.A17); Rosa Triplex; Marigolds, on verso of Michael Scott’s Wedding; La Pia de’ Tolomei; The Token; Cassandra; Michael Scott’s Mistress (VP 164–6).

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DGR is in conﬂict with the Bradford business partners Walter Dunlop and John Heugh over cancelled commissions (Fredeman 3:234). DGR’s stained-glass designs, Martha for St Mary’s, Antingham; Christ on the Cross for St Mary’s, Doddington; and Christ on the Cross with the Virgin and St John for St Olave’s, Gatcombe, Isle of Wight, are carried out by the Morris ﬁrm. DGR is less involved in the ﬁrm than formerly (Sewter 10, 62, 78). Craven commissions Return of Tibullus to Delia (S.62.R1) (Fredeman 3:272, 350). Criticism ACS’s Notes on the Royal Academy contains a description of Lady Lilith. WMR Publication includes Comedy of Dante Alighieri: Part 1. The Hell (published by Macmillan at WMR’s expense, with FMLR providing £50). DGR designs the binding. WMR completes only 19 cantos of Part 2. Purgatory (SR 308–10; RP 102). During 1865–66 WMR does a large amount of sub-editing under ‘L’ for the Philological Society’s new English dictionary (ADC 15:4). Reviewer for Pall Mall Gazette (Peattie xviii). January Lines 1–480 of ‘The Prince’s Progress’ composed by CGR (Crump 1:266). CGR busy with proofs to her second volume of GM: they go to Albany Street ﬁrst, where MFR looks over them before forwarding the sheets to Hastings. DGR also involves himself in the proofs. CGR reports to correspondents in this month that her health is much improved. She ﬁnishes reading Alfred Evans’s Christianity in its Homely Aspects (1852), a series of addresses delivered in her old church of St Andrews, which she ﬁnds ‘interesting and practical’ (Harrison 1:215–18). 2 (Mon) CGR thanks WMR for more information about the Davenport séances, but hopes they are fraudulent. She suggests colours for the binding for his Dante translation, and offers to ask Henrietta Rintoul if she will accept the dedication (WMR does indeed dedicate the book to her) (Harrison 1:216, 219). 3 DGR asks Rae to lend him Venus Verticordia, Chapel of the Lists and Death of Breuse while he is in Egypt, offering to improve the armour in the latter (Fredeman 3:238). 11 Eneas Sweetland Dallas favourably compares CGR with Ingelow in ‘Modern Poets’, The Times (p. 12). On 13 January,

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CGR writes to ABH with thanks for sending on this ‘honourable mention’ that she hopes ‘may improve the market for my goblins’. A few days later, DGR also sends her a copy of the article and FMLR a summary of its contents (Harrison 1:217–18, 222). DGR writes to AM that he has a sketch for the binding of PP and suggests that white would be the best colour (in the end green is chosen) (RML 38). On behalf of the Morris ﬁrm, DGR invites FJS to design stained glass (Mills 97–8). CGR completes the proofs for the second edition of GM and requests to AM that ‘2nd edition’ be added to the title page (Harrison 1:218). CGR thanks DGR for his gift of a drawing of crocodiles or alligators by Ernest Griset. She admits to nerves about the publication. MFR is starting work on what will be published in 1866 as Exercises in Idiomatic Italian through literal translation from the English, and CGR assists with enthusiasm on ‘some of the subordinate work’, out of gratiﬁcation that all siblings will soon be published authors. She continues to work on ‘The Prince’s Progress’ (Harrison 1:219–22). CGR writes to DGR with her thanks for RB’s autograph and for passing on his praise of her poetry (Harrison 1:222–3). CGR composes ‘Eve’ (Crump 1:243). DGR complains to AM in strong terms about the inadequate work on the block for GM. He ﬁnishes correcting the block by 11 February (RML 40–2). CGR sends DGR her draft of ‘The Prince’s Progress’ for his response. She hopes that a second volume of poems will be possible so she can give pleasure to FMLR, who has ‘intense enjoyment of our performances’. Her material may, however, have to include poems that DGR has rejected, but she also has new poems to include (Harrison 1:223).

February DGR gives HFP the lease of Tudor House as security against a loan (Fredeman 3:256). FMLR visits CGR in Hastings (Harrison 1:227). Publication of WMR’s translation of Dante’s Inferno (RML 31). 1 (Wed) CGR commiserates with DGR, who is having trouble with the blocks to GM, which will delay publication. She thanks him for his positive response to ‘The Prince’s Progress’, which had caused her some anxiety, and for

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sending on through book post EES’s poems, which (although she has yet to read them) CGR suggests might be included in her own volume (Harrison 1:224). CGR writes to DGR that EES’s poems are ‘full of beauty, but how painful’. She admires EES’s ‘Dead Love’ and ‘Gone’ in particular (Harrison 1:225). CGR responds to DGR’s critique of a draft of ‘The Prince’s Progress’. She rejects his proposal of a tournament and insists on the poem’s symbolic structure. She tentatively declines including EES’s poems in her volume, for ‘do you not think they are too hopelessly sad for publication en masse?’, and suggests they might be better placed in his volume. She has given up her prooﬁng work for the SPCK because it is too tiring on her eyes (Harrison 1:225–7). DGR writes to AM that the GM block is now ready for the engraver, adding, ‘I hope Christina is now really getting a new volume in line, having got a longish ﬁrst poem’ (RML 42). CGR composes Part II of ‘Memory’ (Crump 1:283). CGR composes ‘If Only’ (Crump 1:293). CGR composes ‘Shall I forget?’, ‘Long Barren’ and ‘Amor Mundi’ (Crump 1:287, 293, 307). CGR composes ‘Maggie a Lady’, ﬁrst entitled ‘My Lady of the Manor’, and ‘From Sunset to Star Rise’, originally entitled ‘Friends’ (Crump 1:279, 298). DGR is elected to the Garrick Club, proposed by Dallas and seconded by VCP (Fredeman 3:207).

March CGR composes ‘“The Iniquity of the Fathers Upon the Children”’ (Crump 1:292). DGR meets Alexa Wilding, a dressmaker with acting ambitions, in the Strand. She agrees to come to his studio but fails to show (Surtees 200). 1 (Tue) Thomas Keightley writes to WMR thanking him for his Dante translation, which he terms ‘a marvel of literality’. But: ‘It really vexed me to see but one allusion, and that a rather slighting one, to your Father’s theory. I infer from this that you reject it, like Gabriel’ (RP 79–80). 2 Second edition of GM published by Macmillan, bound in plain mauve cloth. One of DGR’s illustrations has a major alteration.

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CGR responds to DGR’s critique of her poetry. She wants to keep a section she terms ‘Aftermath’ of ‘The Prince’s Progress’ (which Harrison suggests is the section following l. 303). She discusses the merits of several poems she is unsure about including in her second volume and asks whether the poems could be sent to AM through DGR, who she asks to ‘put the ﬁnishing touch to their arrangement’ and also to ‘do the business details’, on the same terms as GM. She wonders whether the volume should be printed at the Victoria Press and asks DGR if he would look at the proofs before she sends them home ‘for lynx-eyed research after errors’. She still expects, with ‘trepidation’, a visit from Jean Ingelow. She is glad that DGR is back in friendly relations with Alphonse Legros (Harrison 1:228–9). A meeting is held at Webb’s to discuss George Warington Taylor’s engagement to the Morris ﬁrm as business manager. DGR cannot attend but supports Warington Taylor’s appointment (Salmon 33). DGR works on Miss Burton (S.278) for GPB (Boyce 42). CGR and DGR continue to disagree over her poetry. She admits that ‘The Prince’s Progress’ ‘lacks the special felicity (!) of my Goblins’, although she is relieved that he believes ‘it is not unworthy of publication’. She wonders if his woodcuts could be altered to conform to the poem, so that the prince has a beard and the bride is veiled (only the latter is altered; on 13 March she reiterates her request for the veil). A newly composed poem, ‘Under the Rose’, later entitled ‘The Iniquity of the Fathers Upon the Children’, is nervously sent to DGR for his approval and she asks him whether ‘Martyr’s Song’ and ‘After This the Judgement’ should be included, as CBC likes them (Harrison 1:230). MFR thanks CBC for his translation of Book 16 of the Iliad. She writes that CGR is improving (TC 12:1). TPR in a letter to WMR expresses his fears for the health of CGR, who has been coughing blood. He advises in detail on her treatment (RP 85–6). CGR writes to DGR that she leaves the inclusion of ‘A Royal Princess’ to him (it is included). She tells him to make emendations to the volume, but ‘don’t make vast changes, as “I am I”’. She discusses his suggested word changes and is gratiﬁed to hear that DGR and ACS like ‘Songs in a

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Cornﬁeld’. She is eager for volume 2 to be sent to AM, but she adds, ‘I do seriously question whether I possess the working power with which you credit me.’ She asks DGR if he likes the Garrick Club, to which he was recently elected, and thanks him for promising to send ACS’s Atalanta in Calydon and the catalogue for FMB’s exhibition (Harrison 1:232). FMB’s one-man show, containing more than a hundred catalogued works, opens at 191 Piccadilly. DGR helps prepare the show and send out publicity (Hueffer 209–11; Bendiner 112) CGR writes to DGR to continue their discussions about the volume. She cautiously accepts a change he has made to ‘The Princes’ Progress’. She asks him to remove ‘The Lowest Room’ if he so wishes, although she doesn’t agree, and also suggests removing ‘A Royal Princess’. She returns ‘Under the Rose’ (retitled in PP ‘“The Iniquity of the Fathers Upon the Children”’) to him ‘pruned and rewritten to order’, but defends her right to approach the subject matter of illegitimacy. She asks him to retain the poems he rejects for the volume (Harrison 1:235). CGR composes ‘Dead Hope’, originally entitled ‘An End’ (Crump 1:304). CAH asks for autograph copies of GM and EIP (Howell L1). CGR asks AM to send a copy of the second edition of GM (published on 2 March) to CG, her new acquaintance, and asks him to send her WA’s Ballad Book (Harrison 1:236) MFR thanks CBC for his translation of Book 17 of the Iliad, which she comments on in detail before sending it on to CGR in Hastings: ‘It seems to me the climax of all that is noble & touching in the poem; I always felt it so, & today in some passages more than ever […] Really the more I think of it the more I warm to these heroes’ (TC 12:1). CGR asks AM if he could begin preparations for her second volume as soon as he receives the poems, if he is not disappointed by it. She announces the prospect of a visit to Italy at the end of May with WMR and requests that the proofs are completed beforehand. On this day she also writes to DGR that ACS’s Atalanta is ‘amazing for delightfulness and sheer beauty’ (Harrison 1:238). CGR writes to DGR about his continued criticism of her poems for the second volume. She accepts his revisions to

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‘“The Iniquity of the Fathers Upon the Children”’, ‘Jessie Cameron’, ‘Bird or Beast’ and ‘The Ghost’s Petition’. She agrees that the second song in the manuscript version of ‘Songs in a Cornﬁeld’ is ‘a blemish’ and asks for it to be removed. She includes possible substitute songs. CGR agrees to his suggested revisions to ‘Spring Fancies’. DGR’s woodcuts for the volume are termed essential to the volume, but she hopes they will not be too delayed (Harrison 1:239–41). DGR writes to AM that he will get CGR’s manuscript ‘almost immediately’, after she has replied to him about ‘one or two points proposed to her yesterday’ (RML 48). April CGR, ‘Spring Fancies’, Macmillan’s Magazine (p. 460). Around this time family friend and medium Louisa Parke stays at Albany Street while looking for work as a governess (Marsh 344). DGR begins The Blue Bower (S.178) for Gambart. Wilding begins posing for DGR (RP 95-6). CAH, who becomes Ruskin’s secretary later this year, ingratiates himself with DGR with a present of Madeira wine. He sends DGR a copy of a Correggio head for veriﬁcation. DGR offers to introduce him to Richard Burchett or J. H. Pollen at South Kensington Art School. DGR proposes FMB for election at the Garrick Club. However, his nomination is withdrawn on DGR’s advice because of opposition from several members (Fredeman 3:279–89). 1 (Fri) Review of WMR’s translation of Inferno in The Athenaeum (pp. 452–3), which praises the ‘elegant little volume’ but also criticises the translations as literal. 4 CGR writes again to DGR about his revisions: ‘On almost all points I succumb with serenity.’ She insists on keeping Meggan and Margaret as names in ‘Maiden-Song’, despite DGR’s point that they are the same names. The metre of ‘Last Night’, published the following month in Macmillan’s Magazine, is now ‘slightly doctored’. She asks to keep a stanza (ll. 31–3) in ‘A Royal Princess’, to which DGR had objected as too like Keats. ‘L.E.L.’ has kept the title but changed its rhyme according to his advice. ‘Margery’ has three stanzas deleted (although in the end it is not included in PP) and the title of ‘By the Sea’ is changed from ‘A Yawn’. ‘A Bird’s-Eye View’ is altered to delete unspeciﬁed ‘inconvenient resemblances’. A change in phrasing is made to ‘The Ghost’s

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Petition’. CGR adopts DGR’s advice to look to her ﬁrst privately printed volume, Verses, and suggests that PP could include ‘Vanity of Vanities’, ‘Gone For Ever’ and ‘Lady Isabella’ (the last does not appear in PP). CGR insists on reinstating ‘The Bourne’ and suggests the inclusion of ‘In Progress’ (although not ultimately added). She asks him to reconsider his exclusion of a poem that is probably ‘“I Will Lift Up Mine Eyes Unto the Hills”’ (it is included) or, as a substitute, ‘Easter Even’ (not included). DGR is to rearrange poems if he so chooses. She suggests her nervous exhaustion at the extent of the disagreements over PP: ‘I hope that after this vol. (if this vol. becomes a vol.) people will respect my nerves and not hint for a long while at any possibility of vol. 3. I am sure my poor brain must lie fallow and take its ease, if I am to keep up to my own mark’ (Harrison 1:244). DGR sends the manuscript for PP to AM. He asks AM if all the proofs can be dealt with before CGR’s trip to Italy and requests that he also sees a set of proofs (RML 49). CGR returns home from Hastings to Albany Street (Harrison 1:245). GPB visits DGR and notes that he has painted an African boy into The Beloved (Boyce 42). CGR writes to thank DGR for forwarding her payment for ‘Amor Mundi’, from Samuel Lucas’s Shilling Magazine, where DGR helped to place it. She notes the continued delay with his ‘protecting woodcuts’ to PP, but she ‘cannot grumble’ because they ‘help me to face my small public’ (Harrison 1:246). CGR attends FMB’s exhibition. She particularly admires the illustrations to Dalziel’s Bible (Harrison 1:247). (Easter Day) Around this time CGR is invited to lunch with BLS’s sister Bella (once also a corresponding member of the Portfolio Society). Bella’s husband General John Ludlow tells CGR a story about accidentally shooting his pet robin, which she later writes about in TF (pp. 92–3) (Marsh 333). Dodgson calls on DGR, where he meets ACS for the ﬁrst time (Green 230). DGR asks AM for a complete set of the revised proofs to PP so he can see the changes made by CGR. He adds that he will be unable to complete the blocks for the volume before the end of May (RML 50).

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DGR writes to AM with the sketch for the binding of PP, requesting the colour to be white like ACS’s Atalanta. He asks whether AM could send CGR £100 upfront for the volume as a ‘little moneybag’ for her trip to Italy (RML 51). LMB writes a poem about disappointed hopes beginning ‘What am I, what is this I feel?’ (ADC 7:1). WMR writes to AM to ask how his translation of the Inferno is selling. He considers continuing the translation, perhaps during his trip to Italy (he translates 19 cantos further, picking up the translation again in 1900 when he tries unsuccessfully to ﬁnd a publisher) (RML 52–3).

May CGR, ‘“Last Night”’, Macmillan’s Magazine (p. 48). CGR writes to DGR in response to his suggestion made to AM, evidently without her knowledge, about terms to PP and his request that she be paid before her trip to Italy. She ﬁrmly tells him that she wishes the same ﬁnancial arrangement as GM and only the proofs, not the proﬁts, before the holiday: ‘So please wash your hands of the vexatious business; I will settle it myself with him’ (Harrison 1:249). JM begins to model to DGR for Queen of Beauty (Fredeman 3:235). WMR, ‘Mr Madox Brown’s Exhibition’, Fraser’s Magazine (pp. 598–607). 13 (Sat) Julia Margaret Cameron invites DGR to view her latest photographic portrait of Tennyson (RP 103). This month she takes a photographic portrait of WMR (PRWA 124). 16 MFR writes to CBC with her and CGR’s comments on his translation of Book 18 of Iliad (TC 12:1). 17 The FMBs, including LMB, are invited to Albany Street for a farewell tea before their journey (Harrison 1:249). 19 GPB agrees to purchase 11 pencil studies of heads from DGR for £50. DGR offers to include one of a new model as a gift. DGR also sends a three-quarter length of Smith as a gift. He charges £60, arguing the study of JM worth £10 (Boyce 42). 20 CGR sits to DGR for a pencil portrait (S.428). 22 CGR, FMLR and WMR begin their six-week journey to Italy. This is CGR and FMLR’s ﬁrst time in Italy (SR 348). In Paris, WMR attends a production of De Girardin’s Le Supplice d’une Femme by Dumas Fils at the Théâtre-Français. He goes alone, for ‘Christina, through some moral scrupulosity,

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gave up the theatre when she was perhaps eighteen years of age, and she never reverted to it’ (RP 104). WMR visits the Exposition in Paris. WMR admires Whistler’s Princesse du Palais de Porcelaine as ‘a triumph of power in light colour’ but considers Manet’s Olympia ‘a most extreme absurdity’ (RP 104–5). WMR visits Mme Dessoye’s Japanese shop and buys two Hokusai books. CGR and FMLR visit the Heimann children, who are staying in Paris (RP 105; ADC 16:9). WMR, FMLR and CGR visit the Louvre and Société d’Acclimatation (RP 105–9). CGR, WMR and FMLR leave Paris for Langres. WMR visits the cathedral (RP 107). WMR, CGR and FMLR travel to Basle (RP 107). WBS visits DGR who shows him ‘an old Italian book illustrated by Mantegna, the book that had the most important part in making him the particular kind of man and artist he is. It is full of the style, sentiment, and invention proper for mediaeval poetic painting.’ Fredeman suggests the book is Tabulae Triumphi Caesaris (1599) (LPI 91). CGR, WMR and FMLR visit the cathedral and the museum, where WMR admires the Holbeins. In the afternoon they leave for Lucerne, seeing the Alps as they arrive. CGR and FMLR share a room with views across the lake (RP 108). CGR, WMR and FMLR leave Lucerne by boat for Flülen, where they ascend the mountain to Andermatt at the start of the snowline (RP 108).

June CGR composes ‘En Route’. Part of this poem makes up lines 1–12 and 17–24 of ‘An “Immurata” Sister’ (Crump 2:382). Rae agrees to buy Queen of Beauty for 400 guineas (Fredeman 3:295). 1 (Thu) WMR, CGR and FMLR travel from Andermatt to Bellinzona, dining at Faido. At Bellinzona, where they stay the night, WMR admires the picturesque local women stripping vine branches and singing in the twilight (RP 110). 2 WMR, CGR and FMLR leave Bellinzona for Como. On their journey they glimpse Lake Maggiore and lunch at the Lake of Lugano, where they visit the cathedral. After dinner at Como, WMR and CGR go out on the lake in a boat and discuss Garibaldi’s local victories with the boatman. They

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3 4

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11

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16

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hear a nightingale in the nearby woods (RP 111–12; compare sonnets 21–2 of CGR’s Later Life). CGR, ‘Amor Mundi’, Shilling Magazine (p. 193), illustrated by Frederick Sandys. WMR, CGR and FMLR leave Como for Milan (RP 112–13). It is the day of the Festa dello Statuto in Milan. WMR, FMLR and CGR witness the unveiling of the statue of Cavour opposite their hotel (RP 113–14). CGR and WMR ascend the roof of the cathedral and later visit the Brera gallery (RP 114–15). CGR suffers from sore feet, no doubt because of all the rigorous walking in Milan. WMR and FMLR take a cab to visit more churches (RP 115). Dodgson takes photographs of JM posed by DGR at Cheyne Walk (Fredeman 3:296). CGR, WMR and FMLR travel onwards to Pavia (RP 116–17) CGR, WMR and FMLR leave for Brescia (RP 117–18). WMR discovers his guide knew GR in London c.1851. WMR visits more churches, museums and a silk market (RP 118–20). After dinner, WMR, CGR and FMLR walk in the Giardino Pubblico and hear the band of the Guardia Nazionale (RP 120). CGR, WMR and FMLR travel on to Verona and enjoy the Lake Garda views (RP 120–1). CGR, WMR and FMLR leave Verona for Bergamo, on the homeward leg of their journey (RP 121–2). CGR is unwell, so WMR and FMLR proceed in a carriage to the ceremonies of the Corpus Domini. They travel to Lecco and WMR and FMLR walk by Lake Como after dinner (RP 122). CGR, WMR and FMLR travel onwards to Chiavenna by ﬂy with good views over the lake, reaching the Splügen summit (RP 123). CGR, WMR and FMLR take a route through the mountains to Coire, where they stay the night. WMR reports that he prefers the St Gothard route (RP 123). At the second Plint sale at Christie’s, My Lady Greensleeves fetches a poor price (Fredeman 3:304). CGR, WMR and FMLR leave for Schaffhausen, travelling by the Lake of Wallenstädt. At Daschen they proceed to the Falls of Schaffhausen; WMR praises their beauty (RP 124–5).

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CGR, WMR and FMLR travel onwards to Freiberg (RP 126–7). They travel to Strasburg and visit its cathedral, up the spire of which, after dinner, WMR climbs as high possible and is surprised to see storks nesting there (RP 128). They travel onward to Châlons sur Marne and attend vespers in the cathedral (RP 128–9). The cathedral is revisited, together with the church of St Alpin. They proceed to Paris (RP 129–30). WMR visits a Japanese shop at 7 Boulevard des Capucines in order to purchase small engravings on crape, similar to ones in Whistler’s collection. They explore part of the animal section of the Jardine des Plantes, the tapestries and pictures in the Hôtel de Cluny, followed by a visit to two Gothic churches of St Marri and St Nicolas aux Champs (RP 130–1). Visit to Notre Dame: ‘The brand-newness of this once glorious building is something fearful to see and think of’ (RP 131; ADC 16:9). CGR, FMLR and WMR return to London, through Dieppe and New Haven (RP 131).

July MFR is unwell (Harrison 1:250). At the end of the month, RB calls on the Rossettis, speciﬁcally to meet CGR; RB tells WMR he is ‘much gratiﬁed’ by the meeting (Peattie 136). Ruskin writes that DGR and himself cannot ‘be companions any more’ (CW 36:493). Encouraged by DGR, Skelton writes a notice of ACS’s Atalanta in Calydon in Fraser’s Magazine (p. 772) (Fredeman 3:270). 1 (Sat) CGR composes ‘E. F.’, later retitled ‘An English Drawing-Room./ 1865’ and then ‘Enrica, 1865’ (Crump 1:299). The poem is based on Enrico Filopanti, introduced to her by LNS (Marsh 339). 5/12 John Robert Parsons takes about eighteen photos of JM in the garden of Tudor House for DGR (Ford 308). 10 WMR writes to AM that the Italy trip did not improve CGR’s health, as he had hoped it would (RML 53). 12 CGR composes ‘Husband and Wife’ (Crump 3:376). 20 The Heimanns and EH take tea at Albany Street to welcome CGR, FMLR and WMR back from their travels (Harrison 1:250). 31 DGR draws KH (S.338).

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August At the end of the month FMLR and MFR visit EH in Leeds (Fredeman 3:314, 324). 2 (Wed) FMLR and MFR go to Harrogate, Yorkshire, for a month. Ellen Smith and CAH model for Washing Hands (S.179); sold to Craven for about £157. Jane Lushington begins to sit to DGR for her portrait (S.347–A) (Fredeman 3:311). 3 MFR has her carte de visite taken (Harrison 1:257). 4 CGR composes ‘What to Do?’ (Crump 3:476). 7 CGR writes to Emily Rebecca Newton that she hopes pew rents in Christ Church will be soon abolished (they are indeed abolished in 1866; Harrison 1:251). DGR complains to Dunlop about the lapse in the agreement for Boat of Love, commissioned at £2100. JAH helps DGR, dictating letters to ‘the demon Dunlop’. He advises legal action (Fredeman 3:315–16). 9 CGR thanks CAH for sending a carte de visite of his ﬁancée, KH (Harrison 1:252). 31 Russell Sturgis in the Nation presents DGR as ‘the great chief’ of Pre-Raphaelitism (pp. 273–4). September Sometime in the autumn, CGR writes to ABG about her concern for her own precarious health and her care to stay at home to avoid catching cold (Harrison 1:254–5). 1 (Fri) DGR informs Heugh that he is resuming work on Aspasia Teaching Socrates to Dance, Heugh having expressed dissatisfaction at its incomplete state. DGR feels insulted at his accusations and manner (Fredeman 3:323, 328). 25 CGR writes to ABH that there is a second African elephant at the Zoological Gardens that she wishes to see with MFR and FMLR (Harrison 1:255). 30 CGR composes ‘A Daughter of Eve’, originally entitled ‘An Awakening’ (Crump 1:305). October The Liverpool shipping magnate Frederick Leyland approaches DGR at the recommendation of the picture dealer John Miller. DGR introduces him to Whistler, Legros, FMB, EBJ and Albert Moore. Leyland’s daughter’s governess, Louisa Parke, becomes FMLR’s house guest (FLDGR

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341; Fennel xiii–iv, xvii). DGR ﬁnishes Blue Bower (Fredeman 3:335, 341). 2 (Mon) WBS calls at Albany Street to see WMR, CGR and MFR; WBS reports to AB that WMR privately tells him of his belief in spiritualism, after frequent apparent manifestations of EES’s spirit in séances (LPI 92). 9 DGR, who would like to take potential buyers to FMB’s studio, suggests FMB shares Gough House with CAH following his marriage to KH (Fredeman 3:336). DGR has EES’s works photographed (Faxon 26). 21 FGS, ‘Mr Rossetti’s Pictures’, The Athenaeum (pp. 545–6). 28 In a letter to The Athenaeum, DGR refutes that he ever abandoned oil painting (p. 581). 30 CGR invites the Heimanns to tea and hopes that they might meet her new friend, children’s poet CG (Harrison 1:256–7). November ? Charles Lutwidge Dodgson sends CGR Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. She writes with effusive thanks: ‘My Mother and Sister as well as myself made ourselves quite at home yesterday in Wonderland’ (Harrison 1:257). CGR meets KH (Harrison 1:258–9). 3 (Fri) CGR composes ‘Young Death’, part of which is included in a poem entitled ‘“Is it well with the child?”’ (Crump 2:453, 3:476). 4 CGR writes to Emily Rebecca Newton again about the abolition of pew rents (Harrison 1:261). 11 CGR writs to ABH that she does not go out in the evening any more out of fear for her health (Harrison 1:262). WMR goes for the ﬁrst time, with Ruxton, to the ‘washerwoman medium’ Mrs Marshall, 7 Bristol Gardens, Maida Hill (RP 154–7). 12 DGR, WMR and Cornforth hold a séance at Tudor House at which the spirit of EES apparently makes communication. Between November 1865 and August 1868 WMR keeps a diary of over twenty séances he witnesses (ADC 17:3; RP 157–61). 15 DGR claims Gambart sold Blue Bower to Mendel of Manchester for 1500 guineas (actually 500 guineas) (Fredeman 3:347; Boyce 103). 21 CGR composes ‘A Dirge’ (Crump 1:300).

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December Inﬂuenced by DGR, the Browns move to 37 Fitzroy Square, ‘a larger, more fashionable address’ (Hueffer 218; Thirlwell 145). DGR makes studies for the frontispiece of CGR’s PP (S.185–6). Smetham sends DGR his ‘ventilations’ (notes of his religious reﬂections) (Fredeman 3:357). Burrows circulates a proposal among his parishioners at Christ Church to abolish pew rents (Wordsworth 155), a move supported by the Rossetti women. 3 (Sun) DGR writes to AM that he will send the drawings for PP in a few days. He has asked the binder to make some revisions to the cover and has chosen green for the colour (RML 54). 5 CGR, urged by DGR, asks AM for an errata and two cancels, now that the volume is about to be published. The punctuation error on line 60 of ‘Songs in a Cornﬁeld’ is, however, left uncorrected (Harrison 1:263, 274). 7 DGR asks Rae to change his commission for Queen of Beauty to Sibylla Palmifera (S.193); Rae agrees (Fredeman 3:354). 10 DGR tells Smetham that he abstains from religious discussion, which pains him (Fredeman 3:357–8). 16 CGR writes to AM to conﬁrm that hand-corrections are acceptable to the volume, but tells him with regret that the ‘old sore’, DGR’s continued delay with the woodcuts, means that the illustrations will not be ready until after Christmas. She is embarrassed because of a recent advertisement that PP will be published imminently (Harrison 1:265). 23 MFR asks ABH Dr Heimann’s advice about beginners’ German books for her mother and daughter pupils (RHC 4:1).

1866 CGR still active socially, calling frequently on DGR and paying daytime visits to friends, but declines evening engagements unless she can stay over, after doctor’s warnings to avoid the night air. During the summer CGR receives an offer of marriage from CBC; she declines on religious grounds, despite WMR’s promotion of the relationship and offer to let them share his home: ‘But she had made up her mind on grounds which she recognised as higher than any considerations of either feeling or expediency, and she remained immovable.’ She remains close friends with CBC (PWCGR lii). Marsh suggests CBC proposes in August, when MFR and FMLR are away (Marsh 359).

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Composition CGR stops copying her poems into notebooks, and instead writes mostly on ruled blue paper in quarto size (Bell 146). Publication includes Poems (Roberts Brothers), the US amalgamation of GM and PP, with 3000 print run (only 500 copies left at end of year) (Marsh 362–3). ‘By the Sea’ and ‘An English Drawing-Room./1865’ (retitled ‘Enrica’ in her 1875 volume), in A Round of Days, engraved by the Dalziel Brothers. Finances Royalties from Poems amount to £38 10s 0d; 10 guineas for the translation of The Terra-Cotta Architecture of North Italy (Marsh 363; RP 229). Portrait (September) DGR’s coloured chalk portrait of CGR (S.430; PWCGR lxiv); WBS’s mural drawings of the Court of Venus in Penkill Castle use CGR as model (PWCGR lxiv). DGR and WMR are introduced through CAH to CFM who becomes EBJ’s studio assistant (Elliott 18). DGR and WMR attend séances at: Tudor House; 3 York Villas, Brixton; and Grenan Lodge, Lessness Heath; as well as at Mrs Marshall’s; FMB’s; and Thomas Keightley’s. DGR calls up the spirit of EES (Minto 2:66; ADC 16:3, 17:3; RP 165–8). Sandys lives with DGR in Tudor House for most of the year. Their walking holiday together culminates in disagreement (Boyce 104). At the request of DGR, WMR makes an inventory of the books in DGR’s collection (ADC 11:2). DGR acquires a number of books through Frederick Startridge Ellis (Fredeman 3:466–7). Finances Income about £1800 (RP 223). Literary composition includes ‘Soul’s Beauty’ (Fredeman 3:369). Prose explanation for Return of Tibullus to Delia (WDGR xxxvi, 605–6). Translation includes ‘My Lady’ (1771 French inscription in Winchelsea) and lines from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s Faust (WDGR xxxv, 679). Publication includes A new edition of Dante’s Works Translated into English is published in New York with DGR’s translation of Vita Nuova (Ghose 98). Pictorial work includes • Oil Regina Cordium (S.190), painted for J. Hamilton Trist for £170; Sibylla Palmifera (S.193), 1866–70, commissioned by George Rae. • Watercolour Hamlet and Ophelia (S.189); Palmifera (S.193A). • Chalk CGR (S.430); Wilding (S.530–2). • Crayon Lady Lilith (S.205B). • Pencil Heartsease (S.194); Cornforth (S.303); Miss Robertson (S.419), inscribed ‘1868’ but dated by Surtees c.1866.

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WMR is involved with the placing of children at the Alexander Orphanage (ADC 6:14). Composition includes translation of Dante’s Commedia (ADC 15:1). Publication includes Swinburne’s Poems and Ballads: A Criticism. Provides explanatory notes for ‘Stacyons of Rome’, published in Political, Religious and Love Poems from the Archbishop of Canterbury’s Lambeth M.S., Number 306 and Other Sources by Early English Text Society (SR 398). January CGR, ‘Consider’, Macmillan’s Magazine (p. 232); CGR, ‘Hero: A Metamorphosis’, Argosy, ed. Isa Craig (pp. 156–65). 3 (Wed) CGR writes to Thomas Niles, managing director of the American publishers Roberts Brothers, to accept their ‘liberal proposal’ to publish her poems. Jean Ingelow, who is published by the ﬁrm, has acted as intermediary (Harrison 1:267). 4 At a spiritualist séance, attended by WMR at Thomas Keightley’s, with Louisa Parke as the medium, the spirit of EES appears to communicate. WMR asks her if she knows the outcome of CGR’s illness; the reply is negative (RP 167–8). ACS asks WMR’s advice about an appropriate fee from Moxon for his Selection from the Works of Lord Byron. He sends it to DGR for revisions (Lang 1:145–6; Fredeman 3:373). 8 CGR composes ‘Once for All./(Margaret.)’ (Crump 1:299). 23 Julia Margaret Cameron asks WMR’s opinion of her 1865 photographic portrait of him and whether he could help to promote her sales: ‘I have never had more remarkable success with any Photograph’ (Thirlwell 18; PRWA 124). February CGR’s ‘Who Shall Deliver Me?’ is published in Argosy (p. 288). DGR is elected to the Arundel Club (Fredeman 3:370). Whistler leaves for Valparaiso, and DGR and Rose are appointed executors of his will. DGR looks after several of Whistler’s paintings during his absence. He is asked to negotiate the sale of 15 etched plates. The money is to go to Joanna Hiffernan (FredemanMS; PWC 2/3/2; GUW 11484). 7 (Wed) CGR composes ‘Mother Country’ (Crump 1:310). 9 DGR apologises to FMB, having made ill-judged comments about EMB, explaining he considers all women equally ‘loose-tongued & unreliable’ (Fredeman 3:388).

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17

18

21 23

28

CGR composes ‘A Smile and a Sigh’ (Crump 1:307). DGR lends for exhibition at the Arundel Club, a work by the ﬁfteenth-century Florentine painter Daniello Delli; Cultivation of Tulips by Breughel; two Japanese pictures, Female Pearl Diver Attacked by Fishes and Harem; and Incumbrances and Lazy Dogs by Knewstub (Fredeman 3:391). WMR, ‘English Opinion on the American War’, Atlantic Monthly (pp. 129–30). This essay is admired by Norton who wants him to write on Blake’s mystical poems (RP 168–9). DGR is upset to ﬁnd that Rose has hung a number of his pictures at the Arundel Club without consulting him. Rose takes them down (Brown 213; Fredeman 3:393). DGR allows The Beloved to be exhibited for one day at the Arundel Club before being sent to Rae (RP 175). CGR composes ‘After Communion’ (Crump 1:312). DGR agrees to join the George Cruikshank Testimonial Committee (Fredeman 3:399). WMR prepares circulars (SR 327). A writ is issued against DGR concerning his stable tenant who is infringing the terms of DGR’s lease of Tudor House (Fredeman 3:580).

March CGR, ‘Helen Grey’, Macmillan’s Magazine (p. 375); CGR, ‘If’, Argosy (pp. 336–7). DGR refuses Isa Craig’s invitation to illustrate ‘If’; instead, Sandys undertakes the illustration, using Fanny Cornforth as his model (Marsh 346). 6 (Tue) CGR composes ‘In a Certain Place’ (Crump 3:476). 8 CGR composes ‘“Cannot Sweeten”’ (Crump 3:477). 20 ACS sends WMR his Year’s Letters (1862) for his comments (Lang 1:158). 26 ACS thanks WMR for his support regarding his quarrel with the Arts Club committee concerning his drunken behaviour and asks advice about resignation (Lang 1:161–2). DGR writes to AM that the woodblock for the PP illustration has gone to the engraver, and requests a correction to the binding and a speciﬁc green colour for the cover (RML 61–2). April FMLR sits to DGR for her portrait (S.450). DGR sends £10 by subscription to William Shakespeare Burton, who is in ﬁnancial trouble (Fredeman 3:417, 425).

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(Thu) DGR asks AM to send a copy of Life of Blake to Smetham, who will review it for Quarterly Review (RML 62). DGR asks AM to give orders ‘that thorough care should be taken with the printing [of PP]. Let me see a proof. The Goblin Market was so ill done in this respect as to be a fresh annoyance every time I see a copy’ (RML 62–3).

May CGR visits the Browns in Fitzroy Square and admires FMB’s Jacob and Joseph’s Coat, completed on 9 April. CGR meets ACS again at the Scotts, ‘who was surprizing [sic] as usual’ (Harrison 1:269). Towards the end of the month, Julia Margaret Cameron pays a visit to Albany Street ‘with a portfolio of her magniﬁcent photographs’, several of which she gives to the Rossetti women. CGR and MFR return her visit at her home at Little Holland House, where they also meet her son VCP, GFW and RB. CGR is invited to the Camerons’ home on the Isle of Wight, and to meet Tennyson, ‘but the whole plan is altogether uncertain, and I am too shy to contemplate it with anything like unmixed pleasure’ (Harrison 1:274). Arthur Dalrymple contacts WMR wanting an extant portrait of John Polidori, one of his father’s Norwich friends (ADC 6:14). 15 (Tue) CGR composes ‘Of My Life’ (Crump 3:477). 19 WMR leaves London for France and Italy. He visits Paris, Versailles, Lyons, Marseilles, Genoa and Naples (ADC 16:10; RP 184–7). 27 On board Valéry’s steamer General Abbatucci to Naples, WMR composes ‘In blue and sheeny surface rolls the sea’ (ADC 13:4; RP 186, 387). 31 CGR is the guest of AB at Penkill Castle, Ayrshire. She travels to Penkill with LNS and they have a stopover at Carlisle. This is CGR’s ﬁrst visit to Scotland. In a letter to ABG, she admires ‘the quiet fertile comeliness of Penkill […] and when, beyond the immediate greenness, a gorgeous sunset gloriﬁes the sea distance one scarcely need desire aught more exquisite in the world’. To ABH, CGR tells of her pleasure at croquet games (Harrison 1:269–76). CGR models for Lady Jane in WBS’s murals. WBS writes to WMR: ‘Christina & Letitia are here, and living with 3 ladies, religion and ailments forming a large portion of daily life and talk, is not exhilarating. As to Christina and I we ﬁght like cats, as is our nature’ (LPI 96).

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June CGR’s PP is published by Macmillan with a cover design and two illustrations by DGR, The Long Hours Go and Come and Go and You Should Have Wept Her Yesterday, both cut by William James Linton (Suriano 196). Long delayed by DGR’s work on the woodcuts, CGR terms it ‘my laggard book’ and says of the prospect of reviews ‘my health is at present so very tolerable that I may be all the braver to undergo the lash’ (Harrison 1:275). While in Naples WMR visits Pompeii and makes contact with Dr Robert Sim, Edward Walter Bonham (British Consul), Revd Pelham Maitland, Madame Meuricoffre and her husband, and the Jewish ﬁnancier Baron Maurice de Hirsch and his wife Clara (née Bischoffsheim). WMR experiments with spiritualism. He misses an opportunity to attend a Methodist chapel where they sing hymns from GR’s L‘Arpa Evangelica (ADC 16:10; RP 187–91; SR 348–9). 1 (Fri) WMR in Naples visits the museum where GR worked. An attendant describes a portrait of GR owned by a colleague; editions of GR’s poems are on sale (RP 184). 3 CGR and LNS attend church, while WBS and AB read on the beach. After dinner CGR and the Scotts walk down the glen (AB’s day book, PC 7:9). 4 AB drives with the Scotts and CGR along the coast to Glendoune (PC 7:9). CGR writes to WMR: ‘Miss Boyd makes me very welcome and comfortable.’ They have been enjoying drives and mild weather. CGR admires the view to Ailsa Craig and the wildlife near the house. She received that morning a copy of PP and is dismayed at the uncorrected error although she admired the woodcuts (Harrison 1:273–4). 5 CGR and the Scotts visit Old Killochan (PC 7:9). 6 AB, CGR and LNS visit Girvan (PC 7:9). 8 The Penkill party all drive along the coast and again visit Girvan (PC 7:9). 10 CGR goes to church (PC 7:9). 11 CGR composes ‘Song [“Oh what comes over the sea?”]’, originally entitled ‘What comes?’ (Crump 1:305). 14 WMR attends a small exhibition of the Società Promotrice delle Belle Arti, Naples. He buys an 1848 edition of GR’s Veggente in Solitudine (ADC 16:10; RP 190–1). 15 CGR, LNS and AB drive through Girvan to the castle at Ardmillan (PC 7:9)

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CGR accompanies the Scotts on a drive (PC 7:9). CGR joins the Scotts at Alton Albany, returning the following day (PC 7:9). Review of PP in the Saturday Review (pp. 761–2) and The Athenaeum (pp. 824–5). WMR arrives back in London via Genoa, Nice and Boulogne (ADC 16:10; RP 192). The Penkill party go to Alton Albany again, returning the following day (PC 7:9). Positive review of PP in the Reader (p. 613), praising CGR’s lyrics in particular.

July The Cowper-Temples commission Beata Beatrix (S.168) from DGR for 300 guineas (Fredeman 3:454). WMR considers applying for the Keepership of the Print Room of the British Museum (LPI 97). 1 (Sun) DGR pays his last six monthly bill of £157 10s 0d to the Plint estate. He has now paid 600 guineas (DW 585). 2 Kirkup sends WMR and DGR a photograph of a sepia drawing of GR by Chevalier C. E. Liverati (RP 205). 12 CGR expresses her pleasure at the Neopolitan composer Traventi’s setting of one of her poems, not identiﬁed (he is tutor to ABH’s son). MFR and HP were at the concert (Harrison 1:277). 17 CGR and LNS leave Penkill to visit Edinburgh for a week, staying with AB’s aunt and sight seeing (Harrison 1:276). 19 Positive review of PP in American periodical Nation (pp. 47–8). 24 DGR recommends R. A. Rivington as a future illustrator of CGR’s poetry and encloses a sample of his work. 25 CGR returns home to Albany Street from Edinburgh, stopping off at York en route where she admires the Minster as ‘that glorious ediﬁce’ (Harrison 1:276, 329). 28 LNS spends the evening at Albany Street (Harrison 1:278). 30 CGR writes to AB to thank her for the visit. She has been complimented ‘not only on looking well but on looking fat – a doubtful compliment’. She has not yet seen ACS’s Poems and Ballads, First Series. She feels ‘very suspicious of it from a review: but of course beauty will not lack’ (Harrison 1:277–8).

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August ‘Miss Rossetti’s Poems’, Eclectic Review (pp. 124–30), praises PP and compares it favourably with GM. MFR and FMLR holiday in Eastbourne (Harrison 1:278). On their return, CGR visits the Polydores in Gloucester (Marsh 359, 361). She enjoys country walks and ‘soberest pleasures’ (Harrison 1:256 [letter misdated 1865]). DGR works on Lady Lilith (which Leyland buys for 450 guineas) and Monna Vanna (S.191) (which he sells to William Blackmore). DGR plans to open a bank account. DGR sends Girlhood of Mary Virgin back to Fielding. His offer to exchange it for a portrait of Lady Louisa Fielding is declined (Boyce 44; Fredeman 3:463). 7 (Tue) CGR and HP are invited to dine with LNS (Harrison 1:278). 14 John Murray writes to WMR to ask if he could recommend a translator from Italian into English for a short work The Terra-Cotta Architecture of North Italy, XIII to XV Centuries (published 1867, ed. Lewis Gruner). WMR suggests CGR (RP 205). September DGR draws CGR (S.429). FMLR also sits to him (Marsh 348). 1 (Sat) ‘Miss Rossetti’s New Poems’, Spectator (pp. 974–5), compares PP unfavourably with GM. 6 CBC’s ‘Noli me tangere. / English Anapests (“Luscious and sorrowful, bird o’the roses”)’ is published in the Nation (p. 193) (ADC 10:9). 11 CGR thanks WMR for his offer of ﬁnancial assistance for her and CBC, but she ﬁrmly states that money is not the only ground for her refusal of CBC’s offer of marriage. She hopes she may still see CBC if it will not make him uncomfortable (Harrison 1:281–3). 24–5 DGR goes to Cardiff to retouch his Llandaff triptych. According to JPS, no material alterations are made (Fredeman 3:370; DW 605). 25 DGR suggests Deverell’s remaining paintings, including Banishment of Hamlet, Irish Vagrants and Miss Margaretta and Miss Jessie Bird, are brought to his studio so that he can sell them in aid of the family (Fredeman 1:328, 3:469). 27 DGR tries to sell Monna Vanna to Mitchell for 250 guineas (Fredeman 3:472).

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October CGR, ‘By the Waters of Babylon. / B.C. 570’, Macmillan’s Magazine (pp. 424–6). WMR gives John Camden Hotten critical advice on ACS’s pamphlet in vindication of Poems and Ballads, withdrawn by Moxon, and ACS editorial advice on the revisions of his poems (Lang 1:193, 200). 5 (Fri) Dixon calls at Somerset House to tell WMR that Daniel Dunglas Home the medium ‘professes great admiration of Swinburne’s poems’. WMR advises Hotten in considering the legal case of blasphemy against ACS’s pamphlet vindication of Poems and Ballads (WMR Diary, ADC 15:1). 6 The Examiner (pp. 629–31) contains a ‘highly laudatory notice’ of CGR (ADC 15:1). DGR writes an indignant letter to Tennyson, EBJ having reported that Tennyson attributes the immoral nature of ACS’s poems to DGR. WA denies EBJ’s claim (ADC 15:1; Fredeman 3:476). Hotten offers to publish WMR’s article on ACS if refused by North American Review. WMR agrees to payment of £15 plus expenses and half proﬁts (RP 193–4). 7 DGR pays Plint’s executors £60 9s 10d (Fredeman 3:474). 8–22 DGR holidays with Sandys in Winchelsea, East Sussex. They visit Northiam, where DGR buys a 33-year old box-tree chair for £1 for Tudor House, and Tenteden in Kent. Bad weather prevents them from visiting Stratford-on-Avon, Kenilworth and Warwick (ADC 15:1; Fredeman 3:475–8). 10 CGR’s American edition of Poems has already sold 2000 copies (Harrison 1:256). 13 ACS writes to WMR that CGR’s ‘By the Waters of Babylon’ is ‘by far the best bit of English terza rima I know’ (Lang 1:201). 18 WMR and WBS attend a séance at the home of Mrs Marshall (ADC 15:1). 19 DGR leaves for Stratford. WMR helps set up a subscription for the widow of the artist Thomas Morton. WMR wonders whether Morton’s death by hanging from a bedstead was suicide. WMR sees Morton’s paintings and sketches (ADC 15:1). 23 DGR returns from Stratford ‘seeming a good deal brisker and fresher’ (ADC 15:1). 25 DGR hosts a dinner for WMR, CAH, George Chapman and the art dealer Murray Marks. They gossip about Ruskin’s ﬁnances (income, expenses and monetary gifts) and his divorce case

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26

29

(whether there was any medical evidence for impotency). CAH claims Ruskin highly praises WMR’s translation of Dante for its ‘extreme faithfulness’ (ADC 15:1). CGR returns from Gloucester (Harrison 1:284). WMR sends Alfred Boyd Houghton (executor of the painter Thomas Morton’s will) £2 towards his subscription fund (ADC 15:1; RP 195). He also helps gain further subscriptions (Boyce 45). CBC dines with the Rossettis (Marsh 361).

November CGR at work on her translation for Murray of The Terra-cotta Architecture of Northern Italy (RP 214). 2 (Fri) WMR rebukes Whistler, recently returned from South America, for his ‘naïve and inveterate prejudice’ in assaulting a black passenger on his sea voyage (RP 196; Thirlwell 258). 3 WMR attends the opening of Gambart’s exhibition (ADC 15:1). 8 DGR sends WA a set of photographs of EES’s sketches and two pencil portraits of her. He intends to have EES’s watercolours photographed and to print descriptions. DGR negotiates with Rae concerning the sale of Whistler’s La Princesse du pays de la porcelaine (Fredeman 3:485–6). DGR later succeeds in selling it to Frederick Huth (YMSM 50; Merrill 74–5). 12 WMR’s pamphlet Swinburne’s Poems and Ballads: A Criticism, defending ACS against James Russell Lowell (North American Review, April 1866, pp. 544–55) and Robert Buchanan (Spectator, 15 September 1866, p. 1028) is published by Hotten (SR 523; Lang 1:194–5). 13 WMR writes an article for the Fine Art Society on the International Society of Fine Arts (ADC 15:1). 19 ‘[A]busive little paragraph’ in the Star about WMR’s pamphlet on ACS. Saturday Review is surprisingly ‘civil’. WMR meets ACS at the Browns’, who ‘speaks with great satisfaction’ of WMR’s pamphlet (ADC 15:1) 21 CGR is visited by the Neopolitan composer, Traventi, to discuss his setting of ‘A Birthday’. She consents to his making a verbal alteration so it is more intelligible when set to music (ADC 15:1).

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22

In a letter to FMB, DGR draws Physical Condition and Mental Attitude, caricaturing himself, FMB, EMB, LMB, WM, WHH and probably Peter Paul Marshall and Warington Taylor (Fredeman 3:487).

December CGR, ‘Seasons (“Oh the cheerful budding time”)’, Macmillan’s Magazine, pp. 168–9. DGR ﬁnishes Fiammetta (S.192) and offers it for sale for 80 guineas (Boyce 45). According to DGR, Louisa, Marchioness of Waterford, and Eleanor Vere Boyle make a set of illustrations to CGR’s poems (RP 199). 4 (Tue) WMR dines at Ruskin’s: this is the ﬁrst time the two men have met for three or four years. WMR is introduced to Constance Hilliard and Miss Agnew (later Mrs Arthur Severn). Ruskin wants to reinstate his acquaintance with DGR. WMR gives encouragement, but warns Ruskin to ‘abstain fr. overhauling his work too brusquely’, which had annoyed DGR when they were last in contact (ADC 15:1; RP 198; CW 36:521). 5 CGR’s birthday gift from FMLR is a copy of CBC’s fourvolume translation of Dante, which she subsequently annotates, revises and corrects (now in Radcliffe Library; Denman). Ruskin calls on DGR and expresses admiration for Beata Beatrix (RP 198–9). 7 DGR’s Fiammetta is declined by Gambart on the grounds that the ﬁnish is disappointing; WMR expects the real reason is lack of funds (ADC 15:1). 15 WMR dines at the Browns, where he admires FMB’s Last of England and notes OMB’s promise as a designer and LMB’s as a watercolourist. He adds: ‘It seems Nolly has shown fr. time to time symptoms of a very sly scheming disposn’ (ADC 15:1). 18 Dr Jenner, with whom CGR is having regular consultations at this period, advises CGR to eat more and he is not concerned about her staying in London for the winter (Harrison 1:285). Gambart ﬁnally pays DGR £100 as agreed for Fiammetta, with the inclusion of another (unidentiﬁed) ‘small thing’ as part of the deal (ADC 15:1). 20 The Nation publishes ‘Two Drawings by Rossetti’ (pp. 501–2), describing DGR as the ‘greatest painter of the English School’.

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22

23 25

TPR writes to WMR from Florence that he intends to publish ‘Il Mercato dei Folletti’ (his translation of ‘Goblin Market’) soon (RP 217–18). Having heard of the death of WHH’s wife, Fanny Waugh, WMR offers to visit him in Florence (RP 200). DGR dines at Albany Street (Marsh 362).

1867 CBC publishes his verse translation The Prometheus Bound of Aeschylus. CGR is, according to WMR, at her healthiest 1867–70 (PWCGR li). Around this time CGR ‘occasionally went into society’, attending such events as FMB’s at homes (Bell 52). CGR declines to support Emily Davies’s proposal to establish a women’s college (later Girton College) at Cambridge, because it intended to be non-denominational (Stephen 167). Publication includes ‘After Communion’, in Robert H. Baynes (ed.), The Illustrated Book of Sacred Poems. TPR’s translation of ‘Goblin Market’, ‘Il Mercato de’ Folleti’, is published in Florence (Bell 210). Composition includes ‘“Blumine” Risponde’ and ‘Lassù ﬁa caro il rivederci’ (Crump 3:481). CBC sends CGR a letter about metre and his Italian sonnet translations. He also sends her ‘Epode 2. With Queen Mab’ (ADC 10:9). DGR introduces CFM to his artistic and literary friends, and recommends him as an illustrator to Isa Craig and F. W. Burton (Elliott 19, 22). DGR tries to interest Leyland and Valpy in FMB’s work (Fredeman 3:548, 556). 1867/68 DGR and JM become lovers (Kelvin 1:xxx). Sandys rarely stays at Tudor House, although not ofﬁcially having moved out. His debts cause DGR anxiety (ADC 15:1). DGR buys three laughing jackasses (one drowns) and a Chinese Horned Owl. He enquires into buying an African elephant and marmot (RP 242–6). Literary composition includes ‘The Passover in the Holy Family’, ‘Con manto d’oro’, ‘With golden mantle’, ‘Robe d’or’ and ‘A golden robe’ (WDGR xxviii, xxxii–xxxiii). Criticism Discussed in Ernest Chesneau’s Les Nations Rivales dans l’Art (1867) (Ghose 99). Pictorial work includes • Oil Jolie Coeur (S.196). • Watercolour Morning Music (S.170.R1); The Rose (S.199); The Loving Cup (S.201.R1–3), HTD and Knewstub partially responsible; Aurora

198 A Rossetti Family Chronology

(S.202); Tessa la Bionda (S.203); Lady Lilith (S.205.R1, partially by HTD; S.205.R2). • Chalk Venus Verticordia (S.173A); Peace (S.197); Rosa Triplex (S.238A–B); Ellen Smith (S.517). • Crayon Contemplation (S.204); Lady Lilith (S.205A); Mary Magdalene (S.250A). • Pencil, Pen La Pia de’ Tolomei (S.207E). Ellen Smith is DGR’s principal model. Craven commissions a watercolour of Michael Scott’s Wooing (not begun) (Surtees 124). MFR Publication Exercises in Idiomatic Italian and Aneddoti Italiana. The agreement with publishers Williams and Norgate is for a half share of the proﬁts after expenses (ADC 13:6). MFR still teaching Italian to ABH’s children, Golde and Henrietta (RHC 4:2). WMR’s correspondence with ACS is full of references to Garibaldi and Mazzini, with whom ACS is in contact (Lang 1:221–82). WMR forwards passages from WJS’s Cretan letters to Stauros Dilberoglue for publication in The Telegraph (RP 222, 226). WMR becomes executor of CP, EP and HFP’s wills (ADC 15:1). Publication includes Fine Art, Chieﬂy Contemporary; reviews for Cornhill Magazine, The Athenaeum, Broadway Magazine and the shortlived Chronicle (1867–68) (ADC 15:1; RP 245). January DGR and WMR are elected members of the Burlington Fine Art Club (Fredeman 3:495). 1 (Tue) All the family in London, except MMP, dine at Chelsea (WMR Diary, ADC 15:1). 8 DGR and WMR attend the Burlington Club for the ﬁrst time; no one else is there (ADC 15:1). 9 WMR assists CGR with her translation for Murray of The Terra-Cotta Architecture of North Italy (ADC 15:1). 11 MFR writes to ABH that CGR consulted Dr Jenner today: ‘He gave no particular opinion, changed the medicine, & said nothing about leaving town; so there is at least a reprieve’ (RHC 4:2). 12–14 WMR stays with ACS at Holmwood, Henley-on-Thames (Lang 1:221). WMR’s diary: ‘Swinburne shows well at home, being affectionate in his manner with all the family, & ready in conversing, showing his ordinary peculiarities

1867 199

13 16

17

24

27 31

without bringing into play such as wld disturb his family’ (ADC 15:1). MFR begins a short (4-leaf) diary account of MMP’s last illness and death (ADC 13:8). DG expresses her admiration for WMR’s volume on ACS, adding, ‘How true is what you say of your Sister’s art, that it is the natural necessary result of afﬁnity, giving what it ﬁnds.’ DG adds that CGR does not agree with her in valuing the ‘Pagan element, which seems to me to enter inevitably into all high and free literature and art’. WMR accompanies ACS, and possibly CAH, to the Print Room of the British Museum to ﬁnd Blake designs for reproduction in his book. Hotten is also invited but doesn’t appear to show up. WMR obtains a formal reader’s ticket (ADC 15:1; RP 221, 247; Lang 1:225). CGR writes to her friend Ann Hayward: ‘We see Mr Charles Cayley not unfrequently, and have sometimes had the pleasure of reading some of his ﬁne quantitative translations from Greek classics’ (Harrison 1:286). CGR grants permission to Helen Melville to set ‘Three Seasons’ to music. CGR does not own copyright to the other song requested and she offers instead, on 28 January, ‘Beauty is Vain’ (Harrison 1:288–9). MMP is very unwell and ‘in a most precarious state’ (ADC 15:1). DGR draws FMB’s portrait (S.270).

February DGR draws The Return of Tibullus to Delia (S.62.R1) (commissioned by Craven for c.£235) and ﬁnishes A Christmas Carol (S.195) (bought by Leyland) (Boyce 46; RP 224). ACS introduces WMR to Thomas Bendyshe, owner of the Reader (Lang 1:227–30). 5 (Tue) WMR and DGR attend Whistler’s housewarming dinner at 2 Lindsey Row. Birket Foster commissions two pictures from DGR (ADC 15:1; RP 222). 7 DGR arrives in the evening to tell WMR his barn-owl Jessie has been found decapitated, presumably by the raven who lives in the same cage. WMR lists the many fatalities of DGR’s other animals, ‘The fate of our beasts at Chelsea has been a most calamitous one’ (RP 223; ADC 15:1).

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8

14

19

23

24 25

27

MMP dies, aged 73. MFR comments in her diary: ‘as far as we know her illness throughout was one rather of restlessness & discomfort than of pain. – There appeared no painful anticipation nor fear of death; several times she wished to be in Heaven. She was too weak for conversation or reading, so that her devotion was always wholly inward’ (ADC 13:8). Anxious about work, DGR does not attend the funeral (Fredeman 3:510). DGR advises CGR to propose to Roberts Brothers some artists, to illustrate one of her poems, and he names Hughes and several others. CGR has recently received £38 10s 0d from Roberts Brothers, as 10 per cent of her sale of a 3000 print run, of which only several hundred remain (RP 223; ADC 15:1). MFR writes to ABH that she has ﬁnished her Italian exercise book and Dr Heimann suggested recommending it to Williams & Norgate. She asks if he could offer her an introduction to the publishers: ‘I think my best chance will be with them, my book being intended as a sequel to Mariotti’s Grammar, which they published’ (RHC 4:2). WMR visits the Dudley Gallery and views paintings by Eliza Martin and Louise Jopling, which depict subjects from CGR’s poems (‘Life and Death’ and Lady Maggie from ‘Maggie a Lady’ respectively). WMR also visits, for the ﬁrst time in several months, the Zoological Gardens (ADC 15:1). DGR meets Matthew Arnold at the home of Bryan W. Procter (Lehmann 165–6). MFR writes to Dr Heimann for advice about the terms offered by Williams & Norgate; he replies urging her to accept the offer (DUL). MFR signs her contract on 27 February (contract in ADC 13:6). WMR calls on ACS, who reads him ‘A Song of Italy’, which WMR admires (ADC 15:1; poem published in The Athenaeum, 6 April 1867, pp. 446–8).

March The American Catholic World (pp. 839–46) reviews the Roberts Brothers’ single volume edition of GM and PP, and faults the poetry for excessive melancholy. DGR buys a portrait of Smeralda Bandinelli by Botticelli for £20 at Colnaghi’s sale, Christie’s (RP 228; Bryson 112).

1867 201

9

10

14

19 20

21–3

(Sat) Kirkup sends WMR a photograph of his drawing of Dante’s face, with details and signature apparently added by Dante’s ghost (RP 226). DGR works on Fazio’s Mistress (S.164). DGR gives GPB two sketches of Wilding (S.532–3) in return for a sketch of Soho. He also promises a sketch of Delia (S.62D) (Boyce 46). WMR is introduced by Alecco Ionides to Peter Braila (Greek Minister), who wants WMR to write for the Cretan cause (RP 226). WMR declines (ADC 15:1). WMR and DGR sign an application to Lord Derby for a Civil-list pension for Cruikshank (ADC 15:1). The photographers Elliot & Fry solicit CGR to sit for her photograph. Jean Ingelow has already had hers done by them. CGR declines (WMR suggests because of modesty) (RP 227). WMR attends a sale at Christie’s of Rose’s DGR paintings, including How They Met Themselves and Joan of Arc (fetches £94 10s 0d) (RP 227).

April CGR composes ‘“Non son io la rosa ma vi stetti appresso”’ and ‘“Lassuso il caro ﬁore”—’ (Crump 3:481). First instalment of CGR’s short story ‘The Waves of this Troublesome World: A Tale of Hastings Ten Years Ago’, in Churchman’s Shilling Magazine (pp. 496–500). HP’s mother unexpectedly arrives on a visit from New Orleans (Marsh 363). DGR makes a study for Margaret with the Jewels (see S.253B) and begins The Loving Cup (S.201), modelled on Wilding, and works on a Paolo and Francesca watercolour (RP 229–30). WM and JM stay at Cheyne Walk; DGR paints JM in La Pia. DGR holds a ‘grand dinner’ in their honour (Hueffer 237–8). Whistler and Legros ﬁght in Luke Ionides’s ofﬁce. DGR attempts to mediate (GUL R137–9). 6 (Sat) WMR is asked to authenticate a Blake manuscript being offered through Colnaghi to the British Museum (RP 229). 11 CGR receives from Murray £21 for her translation work (RP 229). May Second instalment of CGR’s ‘The Waves of this Troublesome World’ (includes poem ‘Henry Hardiman’, p. 252) is published in The Churchman’s Shilling Magazine and Family Treasury. CGR composes ‘Sapessi pure!’ and ‘Amicizia:/“Sirocchia son d’amore”—’ (Crump 3:482).

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HTD becomes DGR’s professional assistant (SR 328). In Ruskin’s letters on the American Civil War, published in Leeds Mercury, Ruskin claims WMR’s art knowledge derives from himself and questions his right to express opinions on political economy. WMR remonstrates and Ruskin omits from Time and Tide (1867) (ADC 15:1; RP 257–64). 10 (Fri) DGR encourages OMB to become an artist (Fredeman 3:537). 10–24 CGR and FMLR visit Tunbridge Wells. Their visit is quiet and CGR enjoys the surrounding countryside (Harrison 1:293). 17 MFR visits CGR and FMLR in Tunbridge Wells to discuss their plans to move house. CGR writes to ABH that they wish to leave Albany Street because ‘we hear reports not at all pleasing as to the character of our neighbourhood’ (Harrison 1:293). 27 DGR wants to return to Leathart the £250 advanced for Found with a £50 picture covering interest; Leathart rejects the offer (Surtees 28; RP 265). 29 DGR begins Monna Rosa (S.198) (RP 233). June Macmillan publishes WMR’s Fine Art, Chieﬂy Contemporary, dedicated to FMLR (SR 300). Robert Brothers publish an American edition. On 10 June WMR requests copies be sent to DGR, LMB, KH, FGS, F. T. Palgrave, ACS, WBS, WM, Woolner and CBC (RML 65–6). WMR draws up, at Whistler’s request, a letter for The Lancet complaining about James Reeves Traer’s burial in Paris, without any rites, by his medical partner, Whistler’s brother-in-law, Francis Seymour Haden (ADC 15:1). DGR writes a letter of protest to Ralph N. Wornum, secretary of Burlington Fine Arts Club, which called for Whistler’s resignation in April, Whistler having pushed Haden through a plate-glass window. WMR threatens to resign if Whistler is expelled (RP 235). Haden asks DGR to act as arbiter (GUL H38–9, B217). 11 (Tue) Robert Brothers accept CGR’s prose stories (no publication ensues) (RP 234). WMR writes to AM suggesting where to place his Fine Art for review (RML 67). 21–5 WMR and family move to 56 Euston Square, leased at £125 p/a. CP and EP are to share (ADC 15:1; RP 236). Before they leave their old home, the Browns, Scotts and Heimanns are invited for a ﬁnal dinner (Marsh 363).

1867 203

July CGR, ‘Some Pros and Cons About Pews’, Churchman’s Shilling Magazine (pp. 496–500). DGR ﬁnishes Aurora (S.202) and Return of Tibullus to Delia (S.62.R1) for Craven for 225 guineas each (DW 623, 632). DGR sells several watercolours to Gambart for £200, Agnew failing to purchase them (Fredeman 3:558). WMR visits Penkill Castle (Harrison 1:299). 6 (Sat) WMR’s article on Whitman’s Leaves of Grass is published in the Chronicle (pp. 352–4; reprinted 10 August, New York Citizen). Being read by Hotten, WMR is invited to make a selection of Whitman’s poems for publication (SR 402; Lang 1:267). 10 CGR visits HFP and HP in Gloucester until the end of the month. They enjoy ‘good walking weather’ (Harrison 1:298–300). 12 Dodgson writes to CGR to suggest his friend, Rivington, as an illustrator of her poems (RP 236). 13(–30 August) WMR is in Penkill with WBS (LPI 98). In Dumfries he visits Burns’s grave. He reads the seventeenth-century scriptural dramas of Zachary Boyd (ADC 16:11). 20 WMR sits to WBS for Palace of Venus (RP 237). 24 DGR receives a 1500-guinea commission from the brewer Charles Peter Matthews for an oil version of Aspecta Medusa (S.183). Around this time DGR composes ‘Aspecta Medusa’ (Fredeman 3:557). August LMB visits the Spartalis on the Isle of Wight and sends CGR a musical setting from MS (Harrison 1:300–1). CGR takes up gardening (Harrison 1:301). CGR composes ‘Iddio c’illumini!’ and ‘“Luscious and sorrowful”—’ (Crump 3:482). 2 (Fri)–10 In Paris with WBS, WMR visits the Chinese house at the Exposition Universelle and Courbet’s one-man show (ADC 16:11). 3 CBC gives CGR a copy of his poem ‘Amicizia’, originally written for someone else (ADC 10:9). 6–c.31 MFR and FMLR in Brighton (Harrison 1:301–2). 21 WMR and CGR attend CAH and KH’s wedding at St Matthew’s Church, Brixton. LMB and Cathy are bridesmaids. WMR declines the role of best man. DGR does not attend (ADC 15:1; Howell 5, L41). CGR tells ABH she wishes them ‘much

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27 31

happiness’, but, ‘I deprecate marriage of ﬁrst cousins’ (Harrison 1:301–3). The Russian painter Stravinski is introduced to DGR and WMR by Legros (ADC 15:1). WMR, ‘Mrs. Cameron’s Photographs’, Chronicle (pp. 546–7).

September CGR composes ‘“Oh forza irresistibile/Dell’umile preghiera”—’ (Crump 3:482). Difﬁculties arise with Leathart, who wants the money for Found to be repaid at once (ADC 15:1). 3 (Tue) FMLR and MFR return from Brighton (ADC 15:1). 5 WMR and DGR meet Dr Littledale, an Irish clergyman, at WBS’s (ADC 15:1). 7 WMR, ‘Contrasts of Old and Modern Art’, Chronicle (pp. 569–71). 11–20 DGR visits WA at Lymington, Hampshire. DGR takes equipment but does not paint. He reads George Eliot’s Mill on the Floss (1860). DGR refuses to have his photograph taken by Cameron and to visit Tennyson on the Isle of Wight (AR 146–9). 26 CGR sends Thomas Niles of Roberts Brothers her short stories ‘The Lost Titian’, ‘Nick’, ‘Some Pros and Cons About Pews’, ‘Hero’ and ‘The Waves of this Troublesome World’ (the projected volume is declined). She intends to read Jean Ingelow’s last volume (either Poems [1867] or A Story of Doom [1867]; Harrison 1:304–5). October CGR composes ‘Finestra mia orientale’, subtitled ‘in malattia’ (in sickness) (Crump 3:483). CGR’s health declines again in the autumn. On 12 November WMR writes to ABG about CGR’s ‘extremely low and depressed state’ of the last month; the doctor advises bed rest (Marsh 373–4). CGR, ‘Dante, An English Classic’, Churchman’s Shilling Magazine (pp. 200–5). DGR ﬁnishes Sir Tristram and La Belle Yseult (S.200) for T. H. McConnell of Manchester. DGR refuses to have his works lent to the 1868 National Exhibition of Art at Leeds without his consent. DGR has begun to suffer from insomnia and eye problems, impairing his ability to paint. He consults William Bowman, the ophthalmic surgeon (ADC 15:1). DGR, who has decided to convert his stables into a studio once he has legal possession, continues attempts to obtain the lease (for

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21 years from 24 June 1857) from Strong, offering £50, with the possible addition of expenses for the lease transfer and abolition of Strong’s debt (SR 516; RP 230; Fredeman 3:577, 580–2). 1 (Tue) WMR is promoted to Committee Clerk at Somerset House. His salary rises from £575 to £650 (ADC 15:1). ACS’s signed review of Arnold’s New Poems in The Fortnightly Review (pp. 414–45) praises CGR’s ‘Passing away, saith the world, passing away’ as ‘so much the noblest of sacred poems in our language […] a hymn touched as with the ﬁre and bathed as in the light of sunbeams, tuned as to chords and cadences of reﬂuent sea-music beyond reach of harp and organ, large echoes of the serene and sonorous tides of heaven’ (p. 441). On 10 October WMR writes to ACS: ‘As for Christina, the praise is really too great, as you know she would be the ﬁrst to say and feel; not the less acceptable in all grounds to us’ (Peattie 181). 11–17 WA stays in London with DGR (AR 150). 15 WA calls at Euston Square to visit FMLR, MFR and CGR. EH is there too. He comments of FMLR: ‘She says nothing clever but it’s always a pleasure to be near her […] Mrs. R. expresses her pleasure at Gabriel’s having visited me, thinks it has done him good, talks as if I were a sort of Mentor to him. Which makes me feel rather ashamed’ (AR 165). 16 Edmund Routledge approaches WMR to write articles for Broadway on art subjects and poetry reviews. He admires his criticism of ACS. WMR offers to write on Ruskin and Blake, although Routledge declines the Blake (ADC 23:12). 22 Murray Marks invites DGR’s involvement with the decorative arts ﬁrm he plans with Richard Norman Shaw and William Eden Nesﬁeld (ADC 15:1). 23 DGR writes FMB a jocular sonnet, ‘Messer Dante a Messer Bruno’ (Fredeman 3:584). 26 Review of MFR’s Exercises and Aneddoti Italiana in the Spectator (p. 1207); copied out by CBC (ADC 13:11). November CGR, ‘A Safe Investment’, Churchman’s Shilling Magazine (pp. 287–92). DGR hopes to make £3000 this year, having sold chalk drawings of female heads, worth £300, to Leyland and the solicitor Leonard Rowe Valpy, and having reduced his debts; he still owes c.£1000. DGR makes chalk studies of Wilding for Aspecta Medusa. In aid of the Deverell

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family, DGR attempts to reclaim money received by Gambart from John Miller at the sale of Deverell’s Twelfth Night (Fredeman 3:594). WMR employs Nicholson, the husband of ‘Red Lion Mary’, who is in ﬁnancial need, as a copyist (ADC 15:1). 1 (Fri) Whitman empowers WMR to make changes to the text of Leaves of Grass for publication in London; WMR is unable to follow all of Whitman’s wishes concerning the selection and preface as the edition is already in print when directions are received (RP 243, 275, 286). 15 DGR makes a sketch for WMR’s ‘Mrs Holmes Grey’ but refuses to provide illustrations for its publication by Routledge; A. Boyd Houghton is chosen instead (RP 243–4). 20 FMB and DGR request their signatures be added to a petition against the death sentence for ﬁve Fenians who accidentally killed a policeman in Manchester (Fredeman 3:593–4). 23 Henry Clark Barlow’s review of MFR’s Exercises and Aneddoti in The Athenaeum (pp. 680–1). December ACS’s William Blake (1868) is published and dedicated to WMR who has been involved in selecting images and reading proofs (ADC 15:1). 3 (Tue) Whitman writes warmly to WMR about his selected edition of his poems, but denies his authorisation to expurgate the poetry (AG 180). 13 Whistler is expelled from the Burlington Fine Arts Club. DGR and WMR abstain from voting (19 for, 8 against), write to Wornum to request an ofﬁcial apology, petition the club’s committee and ultimately resign in support of Whistler (NAL; GUW 12966–7; GUL B281). 19 Macmillan declines WMR’s proposed volume, Artists’ Dicta on Art, because of the unsuccessful nature of previous volumes. WMR owes Macmillan £30 for Dante and £74 for Fine Art (ADC 16:2; RP 245). 31 Matthews refuses to accept Aspecta Medusa on account of the Gorgon’s severed head; DGR offers to substitute Dante’s Dream (ADC 3:10; Fredeman 4:7–10).

1868 CGR’s health continues to cause alarm. After consulting Dr Jenner in February she stops making all evening calls and stays in bed all

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morning. Her social network is now based largely on visitors: ‘the effect was to turn Christina into a more or less permanent invalid, without any identiﬁable disorder’ (Marsh 375). Composition CGR composes very little, perhaps as a result of her serious ill health. She does, however, continue to add to Il Rosseggiar dell’Oriente, her sequence of love poems to CBC. In June, CGR writes to fellow poet and friend DG: ‘I cannot tell you the poetical barrenness that has crept over me this long while past’ (Harrison 1:309). Publication includes ‘Once For All./(Margaret.)’, in Charles Rogers (ed.), The Golden Sheaf: Poems Contributed by Living Authors. Portrait (c.1868) CGR sits for photographs for a new carte de visite (PWCGR lxiv). DGR CAH acts as broker for DGR (Fredeman 4:46n). By this time HTD supervises DGR’s household accounts (Dunn 31–2). Colvin sees DGR frequently 1868–72 (Colvin 60). DGR meets John Trivett Nettleship, possibly through John Payne or Arthur O’Shaughnessy. DGR is Nettleship’s ﬁrst purchaser (SR 326). FMB hosts fortnightly parties at Fitzroy Square for the next seven years. Regular guests include DGR, WMR, CGR, EBJ, WHH, WM, ACS, TWD, FGS, Dr Garnett, Arthur O’Shaughnessy, PBM and John Payne. Younger guests include Mathilde Blind, MS, LMB, CMB and OMB. Less frequent guests include Frederick Walker, Pinwell, A. B. Houghton, Whistler and VCP. Music is provided by Theo Marzials and Franz Hüffer (Hueffer 241). Literary composition includes ‘The Portrait’, ‘A Superscription’ and ‘For a Portrait of Mrs William Morris’ (WDGR xxiv, xxvi, xxviii). Pictorial work includes • Watercolour Belcolore (S.160.R1). • Crayon La Penserosa (S.208); JM (S.372A). • Pastel JM (S.373). • Chalk Reverie (S.206.R1); Aurea Catena (S.209); Mariana (S.213A–B); Risen at Dawn (S.253A); Cornforth (S.304); Mrs Murray Marks (S.350–1); Wilding (S.534). Graham commissions an oil replica of Sibylla Palmifera (never executed). DGR paints over Princess Sabra Drawing the Lot (S.146) in watercolour (DW 701). LMB After completing a picture by FMB’s studio assistant Albert Goodwin, FMB allows LMB to join his art classes with CMB and OMB. Later, MS joins the classes. LMB often visits the British Museum with her siblings to draw antique studies (PRWA 126; Thirlwell 147–8, 160).

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Pictorial work • Watercolour Trees (1868–70) (Thirlwell 176). WMR Publication includes selected edition of Whitman. January DGR writes ‘Venus Verticordia’ and makes studies for La Pia de’ Tolomei (S.207A–D) (RP 296). DGR temporarily terminates arrangements with Matthews after a misunderstanding over the pledged sum for Aspecta Medusa. A new commission is agreed for several smaller works (ADC 3:10; Fredeman 4:12). 1 (Wed) CGR, ‘Twilight Night’, Argosy (p. 103). 7 WMR backs Whistler against allegations that he was drunk at his expulsion from the Burlington (GUL R142–3). 10 DGR objects to EH showing his work at the 1868 National Exhibition of Art at Leeds (RP 295). 16 Thomas Dixon writes to WMR that he intends to send his Time and Tide to MFR, out of the remembrance of meeting her at the Scotts in Newcastle and later in London (RP 340–1). 17 DGR insures his household property with Sun Insurance for £3000 and his paintings and drawings for £2000 (Fredeman 4:17–18). 28 WMR, ‘Mrs Holmes Grey’, Broadway Annual (pp. 449–59). February CGR composes ‘[Eppure Allora Venivi]’ (Crump 3:483). JM sits to DGR for Reverie (S.206). DGR encourages Ruskin to buy a drawing from the pattern designer Warwick Brookes, who is suffering from consumption. DGR orders a set of Brookes’s photographed sketches through which he hopes to gain further sales. Kirkup encourages WMR to write a biography of GR. WMR helps Pollen with Universal Catalogue of Books on Art (Mills 116–17; RP 299–300, 343). 3 (Mon) DGR sends the family his life-sized oil portrait of FMLR (S.450) (RP 297). 5 WMR (ed.), Poems by Walt Whitman, published by Hotten (RP 297). 7 ‘Christina consulted Dr Jenner to-day. He examined her with the stethoscope, and pronounces that she has congestion of one lung, but certainly not consumption; that her

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life may be prolonged indeﬁnitely, but she must not relax in the precautions she has been taking of recent years’ (RP 297–8). CGR invites RB to join an evening gathering at Euston Square; WMR reports RB as ‘looking exceedingly well, and behaving most cordially and affably’ (Harrison 1:305–6; RP 298). DGR buys Lucrezia Borgia (S.124) for 70 guineas in B. G. Windus’s sale at Christie’s, as pre-arranged with CAH. DGR subsequently offers it for 120 guineas to Leyland and makes alterations (RP 299; FredemanMS). CGR invites the sculptor Henry Leifchild to a family tea at Albany Street (Harrison 1:306). CBC sends CGR a numeral puzzle, possibly connected with the knight’s move in chess (ADC 10:9).

March CGR, ‘Mother Country’, Macmillan’s Magazine (pp. 403–4). CGR composes ‘Per Preferenza’, ‘Oggi’ and ‘[Se fossi andata a Hastings]’ (Crump 3:484). CBC sends CGR a ‘magic cube’, a mathematical conundrum, which ‘can be added lengthways, breadthways, & depthways, & thro’ the solid diagonals & the horizontal, or 60 ways in all for the cube of 4’ (ADC 10:9). WM commissions an oil portrait of JM (S.372). DGR ﬁnishes Return of Tibullus to Delia (S.62.R2) for Marks (Fredeman 4:48). He works on Lady Lilith (S.205), modelled on Cornforth, and makes studies of Wilding for Aspecta Medusa (S.183D–F) (Boyce 47). Smetham’s weekly visits to DGR’s studio end (Smetham 27). 7 (Sat) DGR, who is troubled by failing eyesight, makes a recuperative visit to Matthews at Bower House, Havering, Sussex (Fredeman 4:4). 13 WM and JM stay for about three weeks at Tudor House so JM can model for La Pia (S.207, 1868–81), commissioned by Leyland for 800 guineas (RP 301–2). 14 FMLR admires an anonymous ‘severe’ article, ‘Girls of the Period’, in the Saturday Review (pp. 339–40), which criticises fashionable modern dress, taste and behaviour as immoral (Harrison 1:311–12). 17 Introduced by Leyland, George Hamilton, a partner of Graham, buys a watercolour copy of Venus Verticordia for £300 (RP 303).

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28

CGR sends ‘a short article’, unidentiﬁed, to editor of Cornhill Magazine, and asks for her name not to appear to it. It seems to have been rejected (Harrison 1:308). WMR’s response to ‘Emendations of Shelley’ appears in Notes and Queries (pp. 301–2).

April Henry Virtue Tebbs hosts several séances led by Mrs Elisabeth Guppy and attended by WMR, DGR, JM, Cornforth, LMB and WBS (ADC 17:3). WMR and DGR back Sandys when Medea is rejected by the RA. WMR writes a notice for Morning Post (RP 306–7). 8 (Wed) Graham commissions Dante’s Dream (S.81.R1) for £1500. He asks for ﬁrst refusal on any smaller picture by DGR (RP 304–5). 25 ACS consults WMR about the selection for his Coleridge edition (RP 305). 28 In response to three articles by WMR on Shelley in Notes and Queries (11 April, pp. 333–6; 18 April, pp. 357–60; 25 April, pp. 384–7), J. Bertrand Payne of the publishers Moxon invites WMR to compile a revised edition of Shelley; WMR seeks editorial advice from WBS, ACS and WA (RP 307, 338). May CGR’s ‘Dead Hope’ and ‘A Smile and a Sigh’ are published in Macmillan’s Magazine (p. 86), an issue that also includes Tennyson’s ‘Lucretius’. She writes to AM to thank him for the payment and adds: ‘It is honorably formidable to appear in one no. with Tennyson’ (Harrison 1:308). CGR and FMLR pay a two-week visit to the Polydore household in Gloucester (Harrison 1:308). Leyland agrees to buy Aspecta Medusa. DGR erects a large marquee in his garden, which he ﬁlls with Persian rugs and uses for social gatherings (ADC 13:4; RP 308). 9 (Sat) DGR leases a small house in Hemus Terrace for Cornforth (Fredeman 4:61). 23 In ‘Poetesses’, Saturday Review (pp. 678–9), CGR, EBB and Emily Brontë are identiﬁed as the century’s only real poetesses because of their poetry’s intensity. June CGR composes ‘Ripetizione’ (Crump 3:484). CGR writes to DG, agreeing to support one of her charitable projects by subscribing to

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a proposed volume. She feels she has written so little recently that she would be unable to offer any poetry. The volume does not appear (Harrison 1:309–10). CGR and FMLR visit Scarborough with one of her aunts, until 4 July, in an attempt to improve CGR’s health. On 14 June, CGR writes to ABG, ‘though I am not yet in full bloom I have made a long step from my stand-point a month ago’. They are ‘as yet not enchanted’ with the town (Harrison 1:311). Friswell attacks WMR, ACS and Whitman in Censor (Lang 1:299). 4 (Thu) CGR leaves Scarborough and travels on her own to visit EH in Leeds until early August. She says that the city ‘has not a dazzling atmosphere’. She intends to visit the Leeds Great Exhibition (Harrison 1:312). 6 WMR leaves London for Paris. He travels on to Basle; Constance in Germany; Chur in Switzerland; Lecco, Mantua, Verona, Venice, Milan, Magenta, Arona and Geneva in Italy; and Sion and Martigny in Switzerland (RP 308–17). 10 CGR and EH view the collection of paintings by Turner at Harewood House, West Yorkshire (Harrison 1:312). 14 In Mantua WMR visits Mantegna’s house, recommended by Murray’s Handbook for Travellers in Italy (RP 311). 16 690 francs, £4 5s 5d and a little Swiss currency is stolen from WMR’s locked hatbox on the train to Venice. In response DGR transfers £30 to Blumenthal & Co., 3945 Traghetto Sto Benedetto, and Kirkup sends a postal order for 300 francs (RP 313–14; SR 348–50). 24 The Scotts dine at Euston Square (RP 303). July WMR and ACS’s Notes on the Royal Academy Exhibition is published by Hotten. ACS praises DGR’s non-exhibited Lady Lilith (S.205), Sibylla Palmifera (S.193), Venus Verticordia (S.173) and La Pia (S.207). DGR’s poems ‘Soul’s Beauty’, ‘Body’s Beauty’ and ‘Venus Verticordia’ are printed (DW 656). DGR works on Mariana (S.213), commissioned by Graham for £500. DGR makes an annual allowance to Maenza, who is in need of assistance because of age and ill health (RP 319, 322, 327, 360). 4 (Sat) WMR returns to London (RP 318). 29 WMR agrees to act as trustee for Warington Taylor’s wife Florence (RP 320).

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August CGR composes ‘“Amico e più che amico mio”—’, ‘“Nostre voluntà quieti virtù di carità”—’ and ‘[Se così fosse]’ (Crump 3:485). MFR is in Somerset with a friend and former pupil, Mrs Hunnybun. CGR writes in a letter to ABH: ‘I fear she stood in real need of change and freshening after such hot weather in combination with housekeeping cares and the toils of her profession’ (Harrison 1:313). DGR writes letters to JM, secretly delivered by CAH. DGR suffers from failing eyesight, a hydrocele and insomnia. At the recommendation of CAH, he consults Charles Bader, an opthalmic surgeon at Guy’s Hospital. He is unable to paint (Howell 11; RP 322). 3 (Mon)–8 DGR visits Leyland at Speke Hall in the company of CAH (ADC 13:4; RP 321). CAH convinces DGR he does not suffer from a ﬁstula and rupture of the navel. He condemns the use of chloral, allowing DGR watered-down brandy at bedtime only (Howell L137). 4 ‘The improvement in Christina’s health continues’ (RP 321). 15 DGR’s hydrocele is lanced by the surgeon Arthur Durham (RP 323). 17 WMR begins work on Christianity of Christ (RP 323). 18 WM and family go to Southwold, Suffolk, with CAH and KH (Salmon 41). 20 DGR consults William Withey Gull, physician to Queen Victoria. He thinks DGR’s brain is affected from overwork and prescribes camphor, citrine medicines and respite in Harrogate (RP 324; Howell 80). September DGR drinks excessive quantities of whisky and talks of suicide (Howell 11). He thinks of travelling to Coblentz to see the oculist Möhrer. Frederic William Burton recommends the opthalmologists Donders and Gräfe. DGR consults Dr John Marshall and Sir William Bowman. Each specialist pronounces nothing locally wrong with DGR’s sight and attributes his symptoms to his general state of health. Meredith describes DGR’s long hours of work and unhealthy diet of ham, eggs and stout (Meredith 376). Despite reassurances, DGR thinks he will be blind by Christmas and talks of giving his property by deed of gift to WMR. He does not want any posthumous exhibitions of his work (ADC 2:7; RP 327–9). 1 (Tue)–8 DGR is in Stratford, Warwick and Kenilworth with HTD (RP 326).

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CBC sends CGR an Italian sonnet by Dino Frescobaldi (dated 1311), which he later translates in Pall Mall Gazette, together with some playful remarks about the ‘Uommibatti’ (wombats) (FLCGR 30; ADC 10:9). DGR meets with Woolner from whom he has been estranged for three or four years. Woolner advises DGR to see the oculist George Critchett (RP 328). Bowman refuses to accept payment from DGR and buys the recently completed La Bionda del Balcone (S.114.R1) for 150 guineas (RP 329). DGR leaves London to join WBS, AB and her cousin Alicia Margaret Losh at Penkill Castle. While at Penkill, DGR resumes his interest in poetry. On his way he visits the Leeds Exhibition where he admires Botticelli’s Nativity and Carpaccio’s Landing of Queen Cornaro in Cyprus. WBS accuses Losh of playing DGR off against him out of jealousy for WBS’s relationship with AB. Louisa, Marchioness of Waterford, visits. She and Eleanor Vere Boyle are illustrating CGR’s ‘Maiden Song’ (RP 329; Minto 2:108; Fredeman 4:103–8). WMR writes on Chaucer, Lollius and Petrarch in The Athenaeum (p. 401; 3 October, p. 433; 10 October, p. 465). On DGR’s behalf, WBS writes to Leathart explaining that he has not repaid the money he owes him because he is ‘saving his eyes this summer’ (LPI 104).

October Smetham discusses DGR’s How They Met Themselves in a review of Alexander Smith in London Quarterly Review (pp. 142–59). At Penkill DGR takes plenty of exercise and eats and sleeps well (Mills 124). The ﬂashes in his vision are lessening (RP 330). He wears spectacles. Losh offers a large sum of money to enable him to rest from painting. Despite telling WBS he intends to decline the offer, he accepts £100 (Minto 2:110–11; Fredeman 4:106, 133). 2 (Fri) MFR’s Italian exercise book is selling very slowly (RP 329). 13 DGR composes for FMB a short comic drama in which WM is portrayed as more worried about his dinner than DGR’s health (Fredeman 4:112). November CGR, ‘Autumn Violets’, Macmillan’s Magazine (p. 84). CGR writes to AM ‘I do keep up my invalid habits’ (Harrison 1:314). WMR works on

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his Poetical Works of P. B. Shelley with Notes and a Memoir (Harrison 1:317). 2 (Mon)–3 DGR and WBS return to London, stopping off at Carlisle to get ‘liquored up’ (LPI 104–5). DGR claims his eyes are no better but WMR ﬁnds his spirits improved (RP 332). 6 DGR gives GPB Return of Tibullus to Delia (S.62D). 7 DGR corrects facts concerning Ruskin and the PRB in Ernest Chesneau’s Peinture, Sculpture: Les Nations rivales dans l’Art (1868) (Fredeman 4:117–19). 14 ACS ﬁnds WMR a copy of Shelley’s Poems by Peg Nicholson, a rare publication unknown to WMR (RP 335). 17 At a dinner party hosted by WBS, DGR sits by JM. WBS writes that DGR does not conceal his attachment and ‘acts like a perfect fool’ but WM seems oblivious (Salmon 42). 18 DGR meets John Morley, editor of Fortnightly Review, at WBS’s (Fredeman 4:123). 30 FMB writes to Rae that he believes DGR to have returned to painting (Hueffer 243). December DGR writes ‘Willowwood’ (I–IV). He tells WMR he should never have been a painter. CAH urges DGR to recover his buried poems and offers to undertake management of the exhumation. WM and JM stay with DGR for a few days. DGR draws crayon heads of JM for Pandora. DGR wants all his drawings of JM to be photographed before sale by CAH. Parsons is asked to photograph the La Pia drawings. DGR agrees to take a share in an ‘Arts Company Limited’ proposed by CAH. DGR is to contribute £250 in works of art. DGR asks for a further £400 from Losh (RP 337–40; Fredeman 4:131–3). 1 (Tue) WMR writes to WBS that DGR is looking at his poetry again: ‘his right resource is most manifestly poetry, & I have frequently urged that upon him’ (TC 14:17). 6 DGR sends GPB Farmer’s Daughter (S.158) and Delia (S.62D). WMR writes to WA that CGR’s health has been ‘soundish’ in the last three months, although at present less good (Peattie 200–1). 9 WBS complains to Leathart that JM’s inﬂuence is detrimental to DGR’s art (LPI 105). 19 CGR thanks Sophia May Eckley for sending her recent volume of poems, Minor Chords (1869). CGR admires ‘She’s Gone’ and ‘Real’ and notes that ‘Another Spring’ recalls her

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23

own poem of that name (Harrison 1:315). DGR writes ‘Newborn Death’ (RP 339). DGR resumes forwarding poems to WA (probably ‘Newborn Death’, which would become sonnets 99–100 in HL), mentioning that his eye disorder has led him to return to his poetry (Fredeman 4:136–7).

1869 CGR Composition includes ?SS, with the illustrations in her own fair copy. Publication includes ‘Within the Veil’ and ‘Paradise: in a Symbol’ are published in the second edition of Orby Shipley (ed.), Lyra Messianica. DGR Friendship with WBS and AB at its height (AB’s day diary records 25 social engagements with DGR while in London) (LPI 105). DGR gives up attending art exhibitions, with the exception of the RA. Worried about his increasing weight, DGR goes on a diet suggested by William Banting’s Letter on Corpulence (1863) (Fredeman 4:336, 341). Literary composition includes, according to WMR, ‘A Sea-Spell’, ‘English May’, ‘Michael Scott’s Wooing’, ‘First Love Remembered’, ‘An Old Song Ended’, ‘Thomæ Fides’ and ‘The Wombat’ (comic four-line poem), in addition to the following sonnets for HL: ‘Bridal Birth’, ‘Love’s Testament’, ‘Lovesight’, ‘The Kiss’, ‘Nuptial Sleep’, ‘Love’s Lovers’, ‘Winged Hours’, ‘The Love-Moon’, ‘The Morrow’s Message’, ‘Sleepless Dreams’, ‘Secret Parting’, ‘Death-in-Love’, ‘Inclusiveness’ and ‘Vase of Life’. Begins ‘The Sun’s Shame’ and verse fragments ‘On Burns’ and ‘The Orchard-Pit’ and revises ‘Dante at Verona’ and ‘Jenny’. WMR dates collection of limericks 1869–71, mocking VCP, Henry Tanworth Wells, Hughes, Burges, GBJ, EBJ, George W. Chapman, Whistler, F. S. Ellis, CAH, Inchbold, FMB, OMB, T. and W. Agnew, Hüffer, WBS, Arthur O’Shaughnessy, Knewstub, Robert Buchanan and DGR himself. Prose descriptions include: ‘A GroundSwell’ (written at Penkill Castle 1868/69), ‘The Orchard-Pit’ and ‘The Doom of the Sirens’ (written with a libretto for a musical opera in mind, DGR thinking to collaborate with Hüffer) (WDGR xxiii–xxvi, xxix–xxx, xxxiii–xxxiv, xxxvii, 682). Translations include ‘John of Tours’ and ‘My Father’s Close’ from old French; ‘Beauty’, from Sappho; and Leopardi’s ‘Leaf’, from the French of C. H. Millevoye (WDGR xxxv).

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Publication includes two ‘Trial Books’ of poems are printed by Strangeways. ACS assists with revisions and Joseph Knight and CFM produce fair copy (WDGR 666; Elliott 22). Pictorial work includes • Chalk Beata Beatrix (S.168.R1), for Graham; La Mandolinata (S.211); The Portrait (S.212); Pandora (S.224A–C); Calliope Coronio (S.311); Frances Graham (S.318); KH (S.339). • Crayon JM (S.375). • Pastel Maria Zambaco (S.540). • Pencil, Pen, Ink Michael Scott’s Wooing (S.222B); JM and the Wombat (S.607); Bianca Dorata (S.717); La Donna della Fiamma; Blessed Damozel; Pandora; Eden Bower (VP 165–6). DGR’s stained glass St Jude is executed by the Morris ﬁrm in St Martin’s, Marple, Cheshire (Sewter 128). DGR’s oils and chalk drawings are photographed by Parsons (Ford 317). LMB Exhibition Painting (watercolour) at Dudley Gallery (PRWA 126; Thirlwell 150). WMR and ACS critique each other’s poetry and prose. ACS encourages WMR to publish his poems (Lang 2:6–78). WMR is introduced to George Eliot, at her own house, after he is invited to call with WBS. They discuss Shelley (ADC 15:3). Contradictory biographical material makes preparation of the Shelley volume an arduous task (RP 426–7). Through Dr Richard Garnett WMR views manuscripts in the collection of Sir Percy Florence Shelley. He acquires new information from the painter John Deffett Francis. WMR is also brought into contact with Rose Mary Crawshay, who invites WMR to become a trustee for an annual prize for women’s essays on Byron, Shelley and Keats (SR 338, 359–66, 377, 387–9). Publication includes part 2 of Frederick Furnivall’s Queene Elizabethes Achademy, by Sir Humphrey Gilbert, a Booke of Precedence, published by the Early English Text Society with WMR’s essay ‘Italian Courtesybooks’. WMR contributes literary notices to Academy (1869–78), Portfolio, Notes and Queries and North British Review (Peattie xviii). Portrait JLT executes a plaster medallion and WBS an oil portrait of WMR (Thirlwell 35). January RB visits the Rossettis one evening; WMR talks to him about his Shelley project (Peattie 206). While away in Rome with EBJ, WM

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requests that JM discontinues sitting to DGR. DGR and WMR muster support for a rafﬂe subscription for Inchbold (Fredeman 4:147–8). 4 (Mon) Party at Simeon Solomon’s; moves on to DGR’s, with the Morrises, WBS and AB (LPI 105). 11 DGR receives a £5 ﬁne from the Central Criminal Court for missing jury service; Bowman writes a medical note and Rose an afﬁdavit excusing DGR (Fredeman 4:144). 12 WMR visits the Browns to see the watercolours that LMB, CMB and OMB are sending to the Dudley Gallery (RP 379). 25 WMR is invited by Payne to arrange the contents and write critical biographies for Moxon’s Popular Poets (RP 381–4). February In Fraser’s Magazine (pp. 230–44), Skelton appeals to DGR to publish his poems. DGR replies to Skelton on 7 February that he plans to write new poetry (Fredeman 4:153). 18 (Thu) CAH asks WMR to write a preface and plate descriptions for Whistler’s Thames Set; DGR is asked to design the folio (PRT 54–5). FMLR, WMR, MFR and DGR attend a concert at St James’s Hall, during which CGR’s ‘Songs in a Cornﬁeld’ is sung as a cantata for female voices, set to music by Sir George A. Macfarren (RP 384; Harrison 1:316). March CGR, ‘“They Desire a Better Country”’, Macmillan’s Magazine (pp. 422–3). DG has lunch with CGR (Harrison 1:317). DGR, ‘Of Life, Love and Death: Sixteen Sonnets’, Fortnightly Review (pp. 266–73), including ‘Willowwood’ (1–IV), ‘Sleepless Dreams’, ‘Lost on Both Sides’, ‘Run and Won’, ‘A Superstition’, ‘Winged Hours’, ‘The Landmark’, ‘Broken Music’, ‘Lost Days’, ‘Known in Vain’, ‘Inclusiveness’ and ‘New-born Death’ (I–II). DGR writes ‘Pandora’ and ‘Vain Virtues’. Norton, in London from America, visits DGR (RP 386; Fredeman 4:157). WMR, ‘Ruskin as a Writer on Art’, Broadway Annual (pp. 48–59). 1 (Mon) DGR sends FMLR his sonnets, comparing them to CGR’s melancholy poems: ‘I send you my sonnets, which are such a lively band of bogies that they may join with the skeletons of Christina’s various closets, & entertain you by a ballet’ (Fredeman 4:156–7). 6 Sandys reports that Payne has been spreading scandalous rumours about DGR (RP 385).

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CGR thanks Sophia May Eckley for information regarding Shelley manuscripts owned by Miss Stisted (including ‘Indian Serenade’, which was found in Shelley’s pocket after his death, together with the copy transcribed by RB), which Eckley suggests may be of use for WMR’s edition. CGR suggests that Shelley should be abridged because of blasphemy (Harrison 1:316–17; RP 392). WMR is in Rugby with JLT sitting for a medallion (ADC 16:13). WMR leaves London for Paris, Dijon and Marseilles in the company of JLT, who falls ill on the boat to Civita Vecchia (ADC 16:13).

(Tue) DGR’s translations from François Villon (‘A Ballad of Dead Ladies’ [1450] and ‘To Death, of his Lady’) are printed in Pall Mall Gazette. CGR copies parts of it out, presumably for DGR (ADC 10:5). CGR thanks the American poet Edmund Clarence Stedman for the gift of his The Blameless Prince, and Other Poems (1869). Although she praises ‘What the Winds bring’, she criticises one of his rhymes (Harrison 1:318–19). CGR asks Thomas Niles to return the manuscripts of her prose stories, as the question of their publication with Roberts Brothers seems to have been dropped (Harrison 1:319–20) In Florence, JLT is extremely ill. Dr Duffy and Dr Burci attend. Tetanus is suspected and a nurse hired. WMR ﬁnds support in WHH, TPR and his wife. WMR is introduced to the revolutionary patriot Conte Giuseppe Ricciardi and senator Conte Carlo Pepoli, both friends of GR, as well as to the American art collectors James Jackson and Isabel Kast Jarves. WMR meets up with Seymour Kirkup (ADC 10:11, 13:4; RP 389–90, 434–6; SR 348–51). DGR offers Norton 35 guineas or an alternative picture in return for EES’s Clerk Saunders; Norton agrees (Fredeman 4:175–6). ABG dines with the Rossettis; she meets DGR, FMB, LMB and CBC (AG 174).

May HP visits her mother in USA. Her health is poor and the return trip is delayed, causing CGR great alarm (Harrison 1:323).

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JM models to DGR for Pandora and a head of Beatrice. DGR offends Sandys by pointing out to him the similarities between Sandys’s Mary Magdalene (c.1859), Helen of Troy (1867) and Lucretia Borgia (1868) and DGR’s own designs. Sandys returns DGR £59 he owes and breaks off their friendship. DGR also quarrels with WHH and Woolner who make ‘a virulent attack’ on his Craven watercolours (ADC 3:19; Fredeman 4:186–8). 1 (Sat) WMR and JLT return to London (ADC 16:13). 13 CGR shows WMR the letter, given to her by Sophia May Eckley, from Miss Stisted regarding her Shelley manuscripts. WMR starts writing his memoir of Shelley (RP 392). 14 CGR writes to AB to thank her for the invitation to visit Penkill Castle. AB seems to have asked her to encourage DGR also to visit in the summer; on CGR’s return, she reports to AB that she has written to DGR ‘alluring him with carvings, threatening him with no strawberries’ (Harrison 1:320–1, 326). 19 CGR spends a fortnight at Gloucester with HFP, ‘walking, talking, needleworking […] and not much more’ (Harrison 1:321, 323). 23 WMR writes to Frederick James Furnivall that Harriet Beecher Stowe’s statements on Byron’s life have ‘no authority worth speaking of’ (Peattie 211). Stowe’s ‘The Story of Lady Byron’s Married Life’ appears in Macmillan’s Magazine (September 1869), for the ﬁrst time controversially printing information about Byron’s incest with his half-sister and that Lady Byron’s discovery of this brought about her separation from Byron. Given the Rossetti family’s connections with Byron, and especially in view of the fact that WMR’s edition of Byron’s poems is in preparation, Marsh suggests that CGR sends no more poems to AM, as a result of which relations with AM begin to cool (Marsh 377–8). June DGR writes ‘Love-Lily’ (RP 396). WM and JM stay with DGR but JM is too unwell to model (Fredeman 4:195). Kirkup introduces WMR to Edward J. Trelawny, friend of Shelley and GR, who places his Shelley MSS at WMR’s disposal. WMR helps edit Trelawny’s Recollections of the Last Days of Shelley and Byron (SR 367, 372–6). 7 (Mon) Leyland sends DGR £200 on account for the proposed Sibylla Palmifera (Fennell 16). 9 CGR visits AB at Penkill, together with the Scotts. In a letter to Sophia May Eckley on her return, CGR terms AB ‘one of

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the most charming women in my small circle’. She describes her stay: ‘Of the outer world we saw very little; but amongst ourselves we made up homely picnics, took drives, played croquet, read aloud and talked nonsense. Withindoors were many beautiful objects, and without, grounds which might have “sat” for the Garden of Eden,—so green were they, so clean, so frequented by harmless feathered (or sometimes furred) inhabitants’ (Harrison 1:321, 328). WBS writes a humorous poem to CGR, ‘Tete a tete’, about their drives together (TC 30:6). ABG thanks WMR for his edition of Whitman’s poetry, which FMB has given her. WMR replies: ‘That glorious man Whitman will one day be known as one of the greatest sons of Earth, a few steps below Shakespeare on the throne of immortality.’ He urges her to read the whole of Whitman (AG 177). WMR has completed his memoir of Shelley. He writes to RB: ‘I have aimed to be aboveboard in it, stating everything of importance, good or bad. I love Shelley intensely, and openly proclaim as much: but have no wish to distort or suppress a single fact.’ He asks RB to substantiate claims made by ACS, that RB has seen documents relating to Shelley’s treatment of Harriet, and asks whether he may cite RB in his memoir on this. RB calls on 4 July, conﬁrms what he knows about Harriet from reading her letters, and asks WMR not to name him (Peattie 213; RP 401).

July DGR ﬁnishes Penelope (S.210), commissioned by Agnew for £80 (RP 403). DGR sets up a tent in his garden furnished with couches, cabinets, rugs and ﬂowers (Dunn 56; Fredeman 4:201–3). Warington Taylor complains to Webb about the ﬁrm’s debts and the frivolous expenditure of EBJ, WM and DGR (Lethaby 57–8). FMLR and MFR holiday in Folkestone (ADC 6:14). 8 (Thu) At a party of FMB’s, WMR is introduced by ACS to the poet Mathilde Blind, ‘a wild Shelley enthusiast’, who promises to try to gain WMR access to Miss Elizabeth Rumble’s Shelley relics (RP 402; SR 388). 13 WMR encourages ABG to publish a defence of Whitman’s poetry, based on her letters to him, and he writes to William Douglas O’Connor suggesting their publication

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(AG 182–3; Peattie 214–15, 239). Her essay ‘A Woman’s Estimate of Walt Whitman’ is published through WMR in the American Radical (May 1870, pp. 345–59). DGR draws JM reclining on a sofa (S.374). DGR sends ‘Love’s Letters’ to WBS (Fredeman 4:205). DGR sends JM a cartoon, The Ms at Ems (S.605). CGR returns from Penkill Castle, travelling back with LNS. They have a stopover in Carlisle (Harrison 1:325–6). MFR and FMLR leave for a month in Folkestone. CGR writes humorously to AB in August of her ‘arduous housekeeping’ and, in a letter to ABH on 18 August, praises WMR as ‘very easy to cater for’ (Harrison 1:326, 329). WMR is promoted in the Inland Revenue ofﬁce to Excise Assistant Secretary. He has a £200 rise in salary to £800 p/a and joins the Board headed by Sir William Stephenson (ADC 13:4; SR 410).

August In an unsigned review, ‘Criticisms on Contemporaries: No.VI: The Rossettis, Part I’, in Tinsley’s Magazine (pp. 59–67), Heny Buxton Forman criticises the Pre-Raphaelite inﬂuence on CGR’s poetry. FJS writes to WMR on 29 October 1869 expressing his discontent with the review’s estimation of CGR (RP 479). WMR proofreads DGR’s poems for publication and makes suggestions for revisions (ADC 10:11; RP 453–63). DGR adds additional stanzas to ‘Love’s Nocturn’, ‘Stratton Water’ and ‘Sister Helen’, and revises ‘Nuptial Sleep’ (Fredeman 4:263). WMR is, according to CGR, ‘exceedingly busy at present both with ofﬁce and with literary work’. CGR writes to AB: ‘William has read me his life of Shelley, in which I ﬁnd matter to interest me and impartiality to admire. Certainly impartiality is not a feminine virtue’ (Harrison 1:327–9). 4 (Wed) DGR sends WM a caricature, German Lesson (S.603). 14 DGR draws MS (S.519) and a cartoon, Resolution; or, The Infant Hercules (S.604). 16 DGR writes to CAH that he would like to recover his manuscript poems from EES’s grave (Fredeman 4:235). 17 DGR travels to Penkill, staying with Losh at Ravenside on the way. At Penkill, DGR composes ‘Parted Love’ and works on ‘Eden Bower’. WBS writes to WMR with news of the progress of DGR’s poems. WMR sends DGR detailed comments on the Penkill proofs (Peattie 216–32). CGR is at

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home and also sees the proofs. DGR asks only WMR for comments, presumably out of sensitivity to the subject matter, and he ensures the more sensual poems are not circulated among the family (LPI 105–6). DGR draws Michael Scott’s Wooing (S.222C). WBS describes DGR as ‘more hypochondriacal than ever’. DGR talks of suicide and WBS believes he nearly makes an attempt at the Devil’s Punch-Bowl in Lady’s Glen. DGR thinks EES tries to communicate with him through a chafﬁnch (Minto 2:111–16, 718, 730; Fredeman 4:235–6, 246–7). Forman publishes an article on DGR in Tinsley’s Magazine (pp. 142–51). Forman’s admiration for ‘My Sister’s Sleep’ convinces DGR to print the poem, omitting ‘the religious element’ (Fredeman 4:238, 260). DGR sends ‘Parted Love’ to FMB for comment (Fredeman 4:247).

September DGR begins ‘Stream’s Secret’ and ‘Orchard-Pit’ (including prose synopsis). He writes ‘Troy Town’ and revises ‘Hill Summit’ and ‘Penumbra’ (WDGR 655; Fredeman 4:274–7, 284). WMR proofreads WBS’s Life of Dürer (1869). DGR acquires a young wombat, ‘Top’ (RP 406–7). 2 (Thu) DGR sends his proofs to the printer having omitted ‘Mary in Summer’, ‘Song and Music’ and the Italian poem in ‘Last Confession’, and added ‘Autumn Idleness’, ‘Match with the Moon’ and ‘Card Dealer’ (Fredeman 4:263). 3 DGR writes to the Home Secretary, Henry Austin Bruce, seeking permission for the exhumation of his manuscript poems from EES’s grave (DW 735–6). 14 DGR sends the printer seven new sonnets, including ‘Cassandra’, ‘Passover in the Holy Family’ and ‘Mary Magdalene at the House of Simon the Pharisee’ (Fredeman 4:276). 17 DGR writes ‘Farewell to the Glen’ (Fredeman 4:310). 18 Forman’s unsigned essay on WMR in Tinsley’s Magazine (pp. 276–81) critiques ‘Mrs Holmes Grey’. 18–20 DGR returns to London via Ravenside where he writes 14 stanzas of ‘Eden Bower’. He returns in poor health (Fredeman 4:282–3). According to WBS, DGR’s reading of ‘Eden Bower’ to his family drives MFR and CGR out of the room (RP 470).

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Ruskin hopes to include DGR in the establishment of a community, or possibly the Committee on the Unemployed; DGR is not interested. This is probably their last meeting (CW 27:295–6; Fredeman 4:289). WBS writes to WMR: ‘Gabriel was in exactly the right cue for writing, and but for the restlessness that led him back to London would have worked out the Orchard pits, which promises to be the work. Helen is splendid and complete, the other will be, if ﬁnished as it is begun and planned, much greater’ (LPI 106).

October DGR negotiates on behalf of FJS with regard to a 200-guinea commission that Graham had relinquished (Mills 133). 5 (Tue) The exhumation of EES’s grave takes place, witnessed by CAH and H. V. Tebbs. DGR informs JM, WBS and HTD. Bruce waives the formality of obtaining FMLR’s permission. Small sections of the manuscript book are destroyed, including parts of ‘Jenny’. Dr Llewellyn Williams disinfects and dries out the pages (Fredeman 4:302–4; PRT 83–4). DGR ﬁrst meets TGH (RP 470). 6 MFR announces to WMR her intention to enter a sisterhood (RP 410). 8 DGR sends proofs of the ﬁrst Trial Book of his poems to Losh, AB and JM (Fredeman 4:297–8). WMR reports in his diary that CGR consults Dr William Jenner about a discoloration in her eye: ‘he tells her that her chest is now very conspicuously better than it used to be; that her case had been somewhat precarious; and that, though now so much the better, she should not relax in her precautions’ (RP 410). 9 DGR sends WBS his ﬁrst Trial Book (LPI 105). 13 WMR gives his support to Ricciardi’s Council of Freethinkers. DGR tells WMR of the exhumation of his poems (RP 410–11; Fredeman 4:302–3). 24 WMR writes to ACS, in relation to revisions to their letter supporting the Anti-Council: ‘I have never professed myself, and never have been nor am, an atheist. The utmost I can truthfully say about that is that theism appears to me an unfathomable mystery, and atheism quite another equally unfathomable. I can therefore, in many moods and for

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many purposes of discussion or speculation, stop short of theism, as an alien hypothesis, but cannot afﬁrm atheism’ (Peattie 235). James R. Thursﬁeld writes to DGR on behalf of the committee of the Oxford Union Society, asking him to ﬁnish the murals, which are decaying, or suggest an alternative (RP 477–8). DGR works on long poems recovered after the exhumation: ‘Jenny’, ‘A Last Confession’, ‘Dante at Verona’. He has revised ‘The Portrait’ (Fredeman 4:314–15).

November DGR’s ‘Hand and Soul’ is privately printed (BS 92). Graham complains to DGR that he has not yet received Sibylla Palmifera or Willie Graham (S.319). He is willing to pay £800 for Found (S.64), and commissions two watercolours, Pandora (S.224) and Mariana (see S.213) (RP 487). 6 (Sat) Charles S. Calverly’s ‘Ballad of Period’ in Chamber’s Journal (p. 720) parodies DGR’s ‘Sister Helen’. DGR requests a further exhumation from Bruce, on behalf of CAH, who wants to bury his father-in-law, Edwin Henry Howell, with his wife at Brompton Cemetery (Fredeman 4:317). DGR’s wombat dies; DGR makes a drawing (S.606) and has him stuffed (Salmon 47). 8 DGR complains of ‘a constant shaking of the hand’. He worries about paralysis (RP 414). 9 WMR proposes to cede to the Genoese bookseller Rossi the right of publication of GR’s selected poems for ten years (RP 414). 10 WMR and ACS write expressing their allegiance to the AntiCatholic Council in Naples (Lang 2:53–5). 16 CGR writes to Thomas Niles to thank him for his reply, in which he asks to keep the copies of ‘Nick’, ‘Hero’ and ‘A Safe Investment’. The other stories he rejects for the prospective collection and CGR asks for their return. She adds: ‘At present I cannot make up a prose volume, but it seems not impossible I might do so some day’ (Harrison 1:331–2). 23 WMR receives from Colonel C. Parker Catty a pocket book presented to Sophia Stacey by Shelley containing ‘Time long past’ and ‘Lines on a Dead Violet’ (RP 415). 26 DGR sends ACS poetry proofs for comment; this begins an exchange of letters between them about the poems (Fredeman 4:323).

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December WMR’s Shelley edition is published as part of Moxon’s Popular Poets series and dedicated to Trelawny. It receives mixed reviews (SR 359, 374–5, 380). William Jenner prescribes DGR non-opiate medicine. He warns against alcohol and recommends six months rest in the country. DGR hopes to rent ABG’s house at Shottermill, Haslemere, but ﬁnds it already let. DGR returns to painting and drawing after many months (RP 417–18; Fredeman 4:327). 2 (Thu) LMB draws a chalk study, The Dancing Faun, from a copy of a statue in the Ufﬁzi (Thirlwell 160). 3 DGR sends WMR a design for the binding of his Shelley edition. WMR thinks it too expensive to produce (RP 416–17). 21 DGR encourages ACS to publish Songs before Sunrise with Ellis, with whom he wants to publish Poems. DGR writes of his projected poem ‘God’s Graal’ (Fredeman 4:338–9). 24 CBC sends CGR greetings from his home in Blackheath, with a playful send-up of WM’s translation of Chaucer (ADC 10:9). c.31 DGR begins his campaign to arrange friendly reviewers for Poems, by asking J. F. McLennan for help (Fredeman 4:343).

1870 CGR’s friendship with Edmund Gosse at its height in the winter of 1870–1; he claims that CGR eventually considered him as her ‘champion in the press’ (Gosse 157, 159). Publication includes Commonplace and Other Short Stories. Composition includes ‘By Way of Remembrance’ (Crump 3:485–6). CGR probably revises ‘Maude’ in 1870 or 1875 (Bell 279). ‘Sirs, ye are Brethran’ probably composed in 1870 (not in Crump; BYU SC 669). DGR ACS advises in the revision of DGR’s poems (Lang 2:87–108). DGR reads his manuscript poems to Colvin (and others); he corresponds with Colvin about revisions and publication order, ‘in the end adopting most of my suggestions’ (Colvin 64). GFW paints DGR’s portrait (Bornand 20). Literary composition includes, according to WMR, ‘Supreme Surrender’, ‘Passion and Worship’, ‘The Love-Letter’, ‘Youth’s Spring-Tribute’, ‘A Day of Love’, ‘Love-Sweetness’, ‘Love’s Baubles’,

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‘Life-in-Love’, ‘Stillborn Love’, ‘The Monochord’, ‘Hoarded Joy’, ‘Barren Spring’, ‘Death’s Songsters’, ‘He and I’ and ‘The One Hope’. DGR returns to his prose tale ‘St Agnes of Intercession’, transcribing early pages, omitting ﬁrst paragraph about narrator’s father that WMR sees as ‘a true sketch’ of GR and giving its present title but no additions or further revisions made. Versicles and fragments include: ‘To Art’, ‘Fior di Maggio’, ‘I saw the Sibyl at Cumæ’, ‘As balmy as the breath’, ‘Was it a friend’, ‘If I could die’, ‘She bound her green sleeve’ and ‘Where is the man’ (WDGR xxiv–vi, xxx, 680). Translation includes ‘His Mother’s Service to our Lady’ by Villon (WDGR xxxv). Publication includes a further ‘Trial Book’, privately printed with eight new poems: ‘Troy Town’, ‘Eden Bower’ and six recovered from EES’s cofﬁn. Poems. Pictorial work includes • Oil Mariana (S.213), modelled on JM and Willie Graham (son of William Graham). • Chalk La Pia de’ Tolomei (S.207F); Silence (S.214); La Donna della Fiamma (S.216); Woman with a Fan (S.217); The Prisoner’s Daughter (S.218), apparently illustrating a story by TWD, although DGR did not form a friendship with TWD until 1872 (Marillier 158); Troy Town (S.219); Michael Scott’s Wooing (S.222), c.1870–71; La Donna della Finestra (S.255B–C); Countess of Carlisle (S.280); JM (S.390–1); Maria Zambaco (S.541–3). • Crayon Emily Tebbs (S.524). • Pastel La Donna della Finestra (S.255A, 255D); Aglaia Coronio (S.310). • Sepia, Pen, Brush Wood Nymph (S.223). • Pencil, Pen, Ink Found (S.64H); Silence (214A); Roseleaf (S.215); Sister Helen (S.220); Bride’s Prelude (S.221); Desdemona’s Death-Song (S.254G); JM (S.384–9); DGR (S.439). DGR completes Sibylla Palmifera (S.193). CFM continues as a copyist for DGR (Elliott 241). DGR’s stained glass Sermon on the Mount (S.142) is executed by the Morris ﬁrm in Christ Church, Albany Street, for CP in memory of MMP (RP 526). LMB Pictorial work includes • Watercolour Après le Bal (exh. Dudley Gallery); Romeo and Juliet in the Tomb (exh. Dudley Gallery 1871); The Duet (exh. RA). • Watercolour, coloured chalk The Two Foscari, after FMB’s Jacopo Foscari in Prison (PRWA 127; Thirlwell 151–4).

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WMR continues to be ‘excessively busy’ with his ofﬁce work and literary work (Harrison 1:339). He meets LMB regularly at Fitzroy Square (Thirlwell 217). WMR is introduced to the author Keningale Cook (SR 506). WMR gives editorial advice for ACS’s Songs before Sunrise (1871) and acts as third party in a dispute over ACS’s business transactions with Hotten (Lang 2:119–21). Publication includes poetry editions of Percy Bysshe Shelley, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Byron and Scott, all published by Moxon. January Following enquiries with Blackwood and John Murray, DGR decides to publish Poems with Ellis. DGR designs the binding. JAH experiments with binding cloths. DGR is anxious to retrieve all EES’s drawings (Fredeman 4:350, 356–7). WMR’s edition of Shelley published by Moxon, after printer’s delays (Harrison 1:317). The Rossettis see ‘a great deal’ of WJS, on a visit from the USA (Harrison 1:339–40). 1 (Sat) DGR hosts a dinner party for 20 family members and friends at Tudor House, which CGR attends (Harrison 1:339). 11 DGR asks BLS to return any sketches she possesses by EES: ‘as I admire her work even more now if possible than I did years ago’ (Fredeman 4:350). 16 DGR informs FMB that MS (with whom FMB is in love) is engaged to WJS; DGR stays until morning to comfort the distraught FMB (Thirlwell 148). 17 Trelawny writes to congratulate WMR on his Shelley edition (ADC 18:17). 29 WMR’s Shelley is attacked by Robert Buchanan anonymously in The Athenaeum (pp. 154–6). February (c.Feb) CGR reads Jean Ingelow’s Studies for Stories (1864) (Harrison 1:339–40). DGR reorders his sonnets, love sonnets ﬁrst. Expecting hostility from critics, DGR co-ordinates WMR, ACS, WM, WBS, Skelton and Morley to have favourable reviews ready when Poems is issued (FSE 5; Fredeman 4:360–1, 384; Lang 2:99). 5 (Sat) WMR defends his edition of Shelley in The Athenaeum (pp. 195–6). DGR writes a notice on Charles Wells in Notes and Queries (p. 154).

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AM writes to CGR that he ﬁnds SS ‘somewhat perplexing’, and that although it has ‘merit of a high order’ he worries about ‘public taste in England’. He offers to buy the copyright for £35 as long as he has control of the publication (Kooistra 92–3). DGR translates ‘When his Clothes were gone’ by Cecco Angiolieri da Siena (Fredeman 4:377). WMR notes in his diary that AM has offered ‘meagre’ terms for republication of CGR’s two poetry volumes and her nursery rhymes, while DGR has extracted the promise of at least £100 from Ellis. CGR decides to change publishers as a consequence (RP 498). CGR writes to DGR for advice about publishers. AM wants to delay a combined edition of her ﬁrst two volumes because there are so many copies left of the second edition of GM (Harrison 1:340–1). CGR approaches Frederick Ellis about SS. DGR has acted already as an intermediary and has informed Ellis that CGR provided her own illustrations in the manuscript. Ellis is interested in publishing a combined poetry edition, but she informs him that her brother must discuss the matter ﬁrst with AM because of the unsold copies of GM. She accepts the terms suggested to DGR: a quarter of the price of the edition (Harrison 1:341). DGR warns ACS not to be uncritical in his praise of Poems in Fortnightly Review (Fredeman 4:379). CGR agrees to the terms with Ellis for SS on the ﬁrst 500 copies. She accepts Ellis’s preferred illustrator, CFM (Harrison 1:342). WMR calls on AM to discuss his publication of CGR’s volumes; AM is ready to raise his terms (RP 499).

March DGR removes ‘New Year’s Burden’ and ‘Even So’ from HL. He makes alterations to ‘Dante at Verona’, ‘The Portrait’, ‘Last Confession’ and ‘Penumbra’, ‘Blighted Promise’ and ‘Jenny’. He writes ‘For The Wine of Circe, by Edward Burne-Jones’ (Fredeman 4:392, 394, 399, 407). H. W. Ch[allis], ‘Lines from Christina Rossetti’, Month (p. 367) (Tobin 74). 1 (Tue) The ﬁrst proofs of Poems are sent to WMR, ACS, Skelton and John Ferguson McLennan (Fredeman 4:346).

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WMR presents AM with the terms offered by Ellis for CGR’s volumes (RP 499). CGR inquires with Ellis, on behalf of CG, what the cost would be of printing a small collection of poems (Harrison 1:343). CGR has almost ﬁnished her short story, ‘Commonplace’ (RP 500). CGR writes to Ellis, referring to DGR’s discussion with him about her short stories and conﬁrms that she will soon have enough for a small collection (Harrison 1:343–4). MFR shows WMR her manuscript of ‘an incitement and introduction to the study of Dante by English people’, which Burrows had suggested she write, entitled, A Shadow of Dante (RP 500; Wordsworth 171–2). DGR joins WJS in Scalands, Robertsbridge, where he ﬁnishes ‘The Stream’s Secret’ and draws WJS (S.518) and Sophy Burgess (sold to Graham). DGR begins to take chloral (introduced by WJS) and whisky for his insomnia (SR 516; WDGR 659; Fredeman 4:444, 466; Bornand 7). DGR writes to AB that he has read ‘Commonplace’: ‘rather in the Miss Austen vein I judge and quite worthy of its title, but very good and far from uninteresting’ (Harrison 1:345). CGR agrees to Ellis’s proposal that CFM and AB divide the illustrations between them (Harrison 1:344–5). She writes to AB with the news: ‘Delightful it will be our coming out in company if you consent.’ Eventually, however, neither the Rossettis nor Ellis like her illustrations (Harrison 1:346, 355–6). DGR writes to CGR: ‘I think your proper business is to write poetry, and not Commonplaces’ (RML 81). WMR calls to see the pictures that LMB, CMB and MS are preparing for the RA (RP 504). AB calls on CGR to show specimens of her illustrations (Harrison 1:347). CGR agrees ﬁnancial terms with Ellis: a quarter of the proﬁts from the ﬁrst 500 copies, followed by the same proportion in successive 250s. She politely insists on retaining the title, although Ellis dislikes it (Harrison 1:347).

April CGR’s notebook manuscript of ‘Commonplace’ is dated this month. CGR explores the possibility of an American edition of SS with

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Roberts Brothers. She continues to discuss the illustrations with AB and also responds to Ellis’s comments about her short stories. (April?) CGR writes to DGR to reject WJS’s suggestion that she ‘turn to politics or philanthropy with Mrs Browning’. She insists, with characteristic humility but ﬁrmness, that she does not possess a ‘manysidedness’ and that ‘It is impossible to go on singing outloud to one’s one-stringed lyre’ (Harrison 1:348–50). DGR’s Poems, priced 12 shillings, is published by Ellis (dedicated to WMR); ‘Hand and Soul’, ‘Dennis Shand’ and ‘Wellington’s Funeral’ are excluded (WDGR 666–7). Earns DGR £300 by early May alone (Weintraub 172). 1000 copies issued on 26 April sell out quickly; on 22 May the second issue of 1000 copies is printed (Fredeman 5:390). WM and JM visit DGR at Scalands. JM stays on at Fir Bank and poses for DGR (S.376). FMB visits. FJS accepts DGR’s invitation to use his studio. HTD works on the cartoon of Dante’s Dream. DGR makes enquiries about Darvall Bank, Robertsbridge (Mills 141, 211; Hueffer 258; Fredeman 4:441, 446). WJS leaves Scalands before DGR, ﬁnding DGR too dominating (WJS 2:85). 4 (Mon)–6 DGR returns to London to consult Critchett about his eyes. DGR sends the last proof of Poems to the printer (RP 504–5; Fredeman 4:422). 11 DGR asks FJS to superintend the photography of Venus Verticordia; Mitchell proves difﬁcult. DGR declines Norton’s invitation to visit Florence (also WMR’s proposal to accompany him) (Fredeman 4:428, 480). 14 Review copies of Poems in provisional bindings are issued; a mistake by the block-cutter in the binding brings delay as extra blank leaves need to be added (Fredeman 4:347). 20 Joseph Knight reviews DGR’s Poems anonymously in the Globe (pp. 1–2). 21 A favourable review of DGR’s Poems by Colvin appears anonymously in Pall Mall Gazette (p. 7). 26 DGR returns to London brieﬂy to inscribe gift copies of Poems (Fredeman 4:457). 29 DGR advises Ellis that only poems presenting legal difﬁculties should be excluded from Songs before Sunrise (FSE 52). 29 CGR receives the last proofs of Commonplace (Bornand 4). 30 Ellis sends CGR an early cheque for £47 17s 6d as her proﬁts from the ﬁrst print run of 500 copies (Harrison 1:352). ACS’s laudatory review of DGR’s Poems is published in the Fortnightly Review (Bornand 4).

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May DGR draws JM (S.377) and resumes work on Found (S.64) (Bornand 8). He designs the binding for Songs before Sunrise (Fredeman 4:468). DGR and CAH organise a rafﬂe for Deverell’s Banishment of Hamlet and Irish Beggars (RP 506–7; DW 874). DGR is reviewed favourably by Skelton in Fraser’s Magazine (pp. 609–22), and ACS in Fortnightly Review (pp. 551–79). DGR tries to make peace between Ellis and ACS (FSE 54–6). Towards the end of the month Ellis sends AB proofs for her illustrations to SS (RML 86–8). H. W.Ch[allis], ‘Note to a Translation from Christina Rossetti’, Month (p. 640) (Tobin 75). 1 (Sun) J. W. Marston’s review of Poems appears in The Athenaeum (pp. 573–4). 3 CGR arranges for AB to meet Ellis at her home (Harrison 1:351–2). 7 Ellis publishes Commonplace and Other Short Stories (Harrison 1:352–3), with a print run of 250 (Marsh 385). Reviews are ‘generally poor’ (Marsh 388). 8 CGR regretfully declines AB’s invitation to visit Penkill this summer (Harrison 1:353). 10 CGR visits HFP in Gloucester until towards the end of the month, while Euston Square is redecorated (Harrison 1:353–4, 358). Only 30 copies of DGR’s Poems remain (Bornand 7). 12 DGR advises ACS to omit ‘Saviour of Society’ from Songs before Sunrise (Fredeman 4:483). 14 Reviews of DGR’s Poems appear in Academy by WM (pp. 199–200); Graphic by Joseph Knight (p. 567) and Saturday Review by Palgrave (pp. 651–2). DGR describes the latter as ‘incompetent’ (Ghose 117–18, 127). 16 CGR writes to AB, noting the ‘Gabriellic news’ of the success of DGR’s Poems, but adds about her own Commonplace: ‘I know not a word of the commercial fortunes of my book, nor whether it has yet caught the eye of any critic’. She complains that she feels ‘all out of sorts and lazy’ (Harrison 1:354). 19 CBC sends CGR his Italian translations from Shakespeare’s sonnets 29, 30 and 31. CGR writes on the reverse in pencil: ‘Sent me 19 May 1870. But written earlier & I know not under what circumstances’ (ADC 10:9). 20 Poems runs to a second edition (Fredeman 4:348). 25 DGR rents half of Glottenham, Benjamin Smith’s Kent farmhouse, for six months but never inhabits it (Fredeman 4:467, 478).

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26

An anonymous review by Alfred Austin in the Standard (p. 3) accuses reviews of WM and ACS as being conspiratorial (Ghose 118).

June Mixed review of Commonplace in Victoria Magazine (p. 191). An American edition of Poems is published by Roberts, reprinted from the ﬁrst edition to DGR’s chagrin (Fredeman 4:506). Reviews of Poems appear in New Monthly Magazine (pp. 681–700) by TGH, Contemporary Review (pp. 480–1) by W. Brightly Rands, and Revue Britannique (pp. 560–1) by Amédée Pichot. 1 (Wed) A third edition of Poems is published. DGR recommends TGH to Ellis. CGR releases Ellis from his agreement to publish SS after poor sales of Commonplace and AB’s disappointing illustrations (FSE 72–3; Harrison 1:355–6); Ellis agrees return of the manuscript to CGR. AB has already prepared over 60 illustrations (Kooistra 95). 4 JWM’s favourable review of Commonplace in The Athenaeum (pp. 734–5). Favourable review in The Athenaeum of LMB’s A Duet (exh. RA): ‘it has great spirit, rich tones and ﬁne colouring; it shows at once progress on her part and the need of continued studies’ (p. 747). 6 CGR is in Folkestone until September for her health. She is joined by FMLR and then MFR (Harrison 1:260, 357–8). She writes to Ellis apologising for all the money he has spent on SS, and asks him for advice about the illustrations should the volume ever become feasible again: ‘We are not all D.G.R.s’ (Harrison 1:357–8). 7 Unsigned laudatory review of Commonplace in Pall Mall Gazette. CGR writes to AB thanking her for being understanding about the failure of SS. She reports that her health is poor (Harrison 1:356, 358–9). 10 WMR writes a testimonial for Pollen’s candidateship for the Slade Professorship (Bornand 12). 11 An unenthusiastic anonymous review of DGR’s Poems by R. H. Hutton appears in The Spectator (pp. 724–5). 13 Dinner party at Tudor House, to which Ellis brings a couple of favourable reviews of DGR’s Poems (Bornand 13). 17 Tennyson expresses admiration for Poems, although objecting to the rhyming of ‘water’ and ‘clear’. WMR meets the

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American writer Charles Leland, the historian William E. H. Lecky and author Adelaide Anne Proctor (Bornand 13–14). RB complains about the effeminacy, obsolete forms and archaisms of DGR’s Poems (McAleer 337). Visited by the spiritualist Signor Damiani, who knew GR, WMR promises to speak to Nicholas Trübner about the English publication of Ricciardi’s Anticoncilio (Bornand 14). DGR draws Countess of Carlisle (S.281). DGR attempts to persuade ACS, who has left Dorset Street, to sign a year’s tenancy for Tudor House (Bornand 16).

July WJS’s ‘Rossetti, the Painter and Poet’ is published in Putnam’s Monthly Magazine (pp. 95–101). Anonymous reviews of Poems appear in North British Review (pp. 598–9), New Eclectic Magazine (pp. 110–17) and Atlantic Monthly (pp. 115–18), the latter by W. D. Howells. Bergheim, a German Jew, holds a number of mesmeric séances at Tudor House (Bornand 19–20). LMB’s The Duet is purchased by F. W. Craven for 50 guineas, although he later reneges on the deal (PRWA 126). 1 (Fri) A notice of DGR’s Poems appears in the Westminster Review (pp. 226–7), possibly by Andrew Johnson. 5 WMR is called out in the night by OMB, ACS having been raving and smashing windows (Bornand 17). 9 Review of Commonplace in Academy (p. 252) that praises the stories’ ‘kind quiet cynicism’. 14 A critical review of Poems by James Russell Lowell appears in Nation (New York; pp. 29–30). 18 CBC shows the Rossettis a review of DGR’s Poems and CGR’s Commonplace in the Italian Europea (Bornand 18). 22 WMR attends a party at the home of Moncure Daniel Conway where he meets the Indian theistic reformer Keshub Chunder Sen and the German political refugee Karl Blind for the ﬁrst time. They discuss the Franco-Prussian war (Bornand 18). 23 DGR sends Ellis corrections to ‘Blessed Damozel’, ‘Last Confession’, ‘Sister Helen’, ‘Card-Dealer’, ‘Barren Spring’, ‘Choice II’ and ‘Wine of Circe’ for the ﬁfth edition of Poems, and requests £150 advance on sales (Fredeman 4:510). 25–7 DGR draws JM (S.378–80). 28 JM sits to DGR for Silence (214A).

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August A fourth edition of Poems is published. An unsigned hostile review by Margaret Oliphant appears in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Monthly Magazine (pp. 178–83), complaining about the ‘ﬂeshly’ quality of ‘The Blessed Damozel’ (for authorship, see Notes and Queries, September 1976, p. 398) and an American review in Harper’s Magazine (p. 463). DGR makes progress with Dante’s Dream (Fredeman 4:523). 12 (Fri) DGR draws JM (S.381–2). 13 WMR, ‘English Painters of the Present Day’, Portfolio (pp. 113–19), discusses Hughes, Windus, MS, LMB and OMB. 19 FMLR spends the day with DGR and WMR in Chelsea (FLCGR 32). September CGR writes to ABH about her horror at the Franco-Prussian War (Harrison 1:361). DGR’s Poems is reviewed favourably in Lippincott’s Magazine (Philadelphia; pp. 340–2). WMR makes a hurried will, leaving everything to FMLR (Bornand 38). 29 (Thu) WMR leaves London for Brussels and Cologne, avoiding France and Italy because of the Franco-Prussian War (SR 355; Bornand 22–4). October DGR’s Poems are enthusiastically reviewed in Broadway (pp. 286–8) (Ghose 140–1). American reviews appear in New Englander (p. 717) and North American Review (pp. 471–80); the latter by J. R. Dennett confuses DGR and WMR. DGR rallies support among Joseph Knight, WMR, FMB and FGS for the family of Gurney Patmore, in North London Hospital with paralysis (Fredeman 4:549–50). 15 (Sat)–19 In Munich WMR sees Peter von Cornelius’s frescoes in Ludwigskirche and those of Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld in the Royal Palace. He visits the studio of Wilhelm von Kaulbach. He travels on to Nuremberg (SR 355; Bornand 25–8). 20 CGR, MFR, Edmund Gosse and Forman dine with WBS. CGR stays overnight in the bedroom of AB (who is away). The next day WBS takes CGR and Dr Littledale to visit his new house in Cheyne Walk (Harrison 1:364). 23–6 WMR is in Frankfurt when the surrender of Metz is announced. He visits the house where Goethe was born in Hirschraben (Bornand 28; SR 355).

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In Antwerp WMR sees the frescoes of Leys in the Hôtel de Ville (ADC 16:14; Bornand 29). WMR returns to London (ADC 16:14). Review of Commonplace in the Spectator (pp. 1292–3), stating the stories to be ‘wanting in originality and power’.

November DGR’s Poems is reviewed in Chicago Western Lakeside Monthly (pp. 320–3) (BS 118). DGR plans a new studio with Webb (Fredeman 4:349). 21 (Mon) WMR is contacted by Denis Florence MacCarthy, author of Shelley’s Early Life (1872) (Bornand 31–2). 22 A ‘Poetic Reading’ organised by Frank A. Marshall in Hanover Square Rooms includes ‘Goblin Market’. FMLR attends and considers it ‘well received, but the audience did not seem to enter much into the more sprightly and characteristic details’ (Bornand 32–3). 25 WBS moves to Bellevue House, 92 Cheyne Walk. WBS and DGR meet regularly for whist, occasionally joined by GPB who has a house newly built by Webb in Cheyne Walk (Minto 2:129; DW 926, 930). 29 DGR draws JM (S.383). December A ﬁfth edition of Poems is published. A revised version of ‘Hand and Soul’ is published in the Fortnightly Review (pp. 692–702). WMR’s proposed volume of selections from contemporary poets is abandoned for copyright reasons (Fredeman 4:565). 1 (Thu) MFR ﬁnishes writing A Shadow of Dante (Bornand 34). 3 WMR recommends Hüffer as musical critic to Charles E. Appleton, editor of Academy (Bornand 35). 15 DGR and WMR hear Hüffer’s music to CGR’s ‘When I am dead, my dearest’. DGR would like him to compose music for ‘Doom of the Sirens’ (Bornand 36).

1871 The Rossettis are introduced to Russian novelist Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev by William Ralston (Bornand 71). CGR (April 1871–73) is seriously ill with Graves’s Disease (as yet undiagnosed); ‘her life was in constant danger’. Distressing symptoms include

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changes to her physical appearance (Bell 52–3). WBS writes to AB that CGR ‘has lost all the beauty she had, her eyes seem so queerly exaggerated’ (LPI 110). Publication includes SS (in Nov.; dated 1872), dedicated ‘without permission to the baby who inspired them’, CBC’s nephew Henry Cayley (Marsh 379). DGR and WBS are almost daily correspondents (Minto 2:129). DGR suggests WBS lets FJS use his outbuilding for a studio (Mills 147). DGR employs CFM to index his extensive collection of photographs of European art and carry out picture research (Elliott 31). Literary composition includes, according to WMR, ‘Gioventù e Signorìa’, ‘Youth and Lordship’, ‘Love Enthroned’, ‘Heart’s Hope’, ‘Youth’s Antiphony’, ‘Beauty’s Pageant’, ‘Genius in Beauty’, ‘Silent Noon’, ‘Gracious Moonlight’, ‘Pride of Youth’, ‘Mid-Rapture’, ‘Heart’s Compass’, ‘Soul-Light’, ‘The Moonstar’, ‘Last Fire’, ‘Her Gifts’, ‘Equal Troth’, ‘Venus Victrix’, ‘The Lamp’s Shrine’, ‘Severed Selves’, ‘Hope Overtaken’, ‘Love and Hope’, ‘Cloud and Wind’, ‘Without Her’, ‘Love’s Fatality’ and ‘Love’s Last Gift’. Versicles and fragments: ‘At her step’, ‘Would God I knew’, ‘I shut myself in with my soul’, ‘“I hate” says over and above’, ‘Do still thy best, albeit the clue’ and ‘The bitter stage of life’. DGR’s notebooks 1871–75 contain notes on Henry Fuseli, Dickens and Thackeray. One note reads: ‘Christina – the isolation of a bird, remote, minute, and distinct, shy like a bird’ (WDGR xxiii–v, xxx–xxxi, 635–6). A dark blue Moroccan notebook from around this date contains notes and stanzas for ‘God’s Graal’, ‘My Lady’, fragments of ‘White Ship’, ‘Tale of Palimpsest’, a fragment of ‘Chimes’, ‘Last Love’, ‘Possession’, fragment and prose narrative of ‘Rose Mary’ and ‘Cup of Water’ (Duke 8). Pictorial work includes • Oil Pandora (S.224). • Watercolour Elena’s Song (S.57.R2); Lucrezia Borgia (S.124.R1). • Chalk Water Willow (S.226A). • Pastel Perlascura (S.225); Proserpine (S.233A). Leyland commissions Michael Scott’s Wooing (not begun). DGR and FMB experiment together with oils, adopting a fast but highly ﬂammable ‘Benzine process’ (causes surface cracking) (Mills 149–50). DGR considers publishing his female head studies (Fredeman 5:49). Criticism Forman discusses DGR as head of Pre-Raphaelite poetry in Our Living Poets (pp. 185–228).

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LMB Pictorial work includes • Oil Ferdinand and Miranda Playing Chess (exh. Dudley Gallery 1872; priced £105) (WMR models for Prospero). • Watercolour The Fair Geraldine or The Magic Mirror (exh. Dudley Gallery 1872); Lynmouth (exh. Dudley Gallery 1872) (PRWA 127–8; Thirlwell 162–5, 176). MFR Publication A Shadow of Dante (Rivingtons divide proﬁt with MFR once publishing cost has been met; entry for 1 November 1880, ADC 15:3). WMR becomes friendly with the Californian poet Joaquin (Cincinnatus H.) Miller (SR 337). Publication includes poetry editions of Thomas Hood, Thomas Campbell, William Wordsworth and John Milton, all published by Moxon. January An appreciative review of DGR’s poems and translations by Colvin, Westminster Review (pp. 55–92). WMR, ‘Shelley in 1812–13, an Unpublished Poem, and Other Particulars’, Fortnightly Review (p. 67). 4 (Wed) WMR reads and makes suggestions regarding MFR’s A Shadow of Dante; he is appreciative about it in his diary (Bornand 39). 12 Graham commissions a replica of Beata Beatrix (S.168.R3) from DGR for 900 guineas (Fredeman 5:104). 31 MFR writes to ABH that CGR suffers from a painful boil (perhaps an abscess) in her mouth, and that she cannot leave the house (RHC 4:2). February CGR, although seriously ill, once more prepares the manuscript of SS to send to a publisher (Harrison 1:368). Graham commissions Blessed Damozel (S.244). 1 (Wed) DGR reviews TGH’s Madeline and Other Poems and Parables (1871) in Academy (pp. 105–7). 6 Following Charles E. Appleton’s suggestion, WMR agrees to donate his pay from Academy to a relief fund for French artists suffering from the war (Bornand 43). 9 Ellis sends £35 as compensation for the delay with SS. CGR is disinclined to keep the money (Harrison 1:368). WMR

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10

11

13

14

15 18

23 24

27

comments, ‘It has been a tiresome affair and I think not well handled on Ellis’s part’ (Bornand 43). DGR, while visiting his family, composes ‘After the German Subjugation of France’ as a sequel to his 1849 ‘After the French Liberation of Italy’. He suggests WMR writes a sequence of political sonnets (published 1907 as Democratic Sonnets) (Bornand 43). LMB’s Romeo and Juliet in the Tomb is praised in The Times, the execution showing ‘uncommon power’ which ‘warrants high expectations of the young artist’s future’ (p. 4). CGR writes to Roberts Brothers in Boston, offering them SS for American publication, on WMR’s advice about copyright (Bornand 44). MFR writes to publishers Williams & Norgate, offering them A Shadow of Dante for publication, and on 21 February Bell & Daldy. Both decline (Bornand 44–6). DGR’s ‘On the Site of a Mulberry-Tree’ is published in Academy (p. 128). DGR sketches JM (S.392). Locker and Cincinnatus Miller come to Euston Square to be introduced to CGR, along with WJS (WMR Diary, FLCGR 207). CGR writes to DGR with, at his request ‘of weeks ago’, a commentary on TGH’s Madeline (Harrison 1:367). Through Furnivall, WMR meets Sanjo, son of the Japanese Prime Minister, and Oshikoji. They discuss WMR’s Japanese books (Bornand 46–8). WMR’s ‘Shelley’s Heart’, dedicated to Trelawny, appears in Dark Blue (p. 35) (Bornand 49–50). Michael Spartali, Greek Consul-General in London, asks DGR to use his inﬂuence to prevent the marriage of MS to WJS (VP 242).

March Forman’s review of DGR’s Poems appears in Tinsley’s Magazine (pp. 150–60). 4 (Sun) WMR visits the Dudley Gallery and admires Romeo and Juliet in the Tomb (Bornand 49). 12 Mathilde Blind sends WMR a copy of her review of ACS’s Songs before Sunrise, which WMR admires and will help to place with a magazine (it is not in the end published) (Bornand 50). 18 Rivington & Co. offers to consider the publication of MFR’s A Shadow of Dante (Bornand 50–1).

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Thomas Niles, of Roberts Brothers, calls on CGR to discuss SS. He receives her manuscript and promises to contact Dalziel Brothers about the cost of the woodcuts (Bornand 51).

April Routledge agrees to publish SS, probably on the encouragement of WBS (Harrison 1:368). Favourable review of Commonplace in the London Quarterly Review (pp. 258–9). At the end of the month, CGR’s health deteriorates further (Bornand 58): the start of Graves’s Disease (Bell 52). She only sees DGR twice in May and June for, as she writes to KH on 31 July, ‘You know his nocturnal habits are not adapted to a sick room’ (Harrison 1:375). 1 (Sat) WMR attends an afternoon gathering at Jean Ingelow’s (Bornand 53). 8 Rivington & Co. agree to publish A Shadow of Dante. They cannot offer to buy the copyright because of insufﬁcient interest, but they will pay the expenses and, after deducting the cost of production and advertising and 10 per cent commission to cover the risk of bad debt, will share equally any proﬁts with MFR. A letter from Rivingtons to MFR on 3 November 1874 indicates that the book is an expensive one to produce and that they do not expect proﬁt to be made until 1000 copies are sold (at this date they have sold about 650) (Bornand 54; letters from Rivingtons with terms of publication, ADC 13:10). 19 Thomas Niles writes to CGR envisaging a favourable reception of SS, although they have not yet contracted it. Dalziel Brothers are willing to speculate partly on the English edition. FMB (who calls in at Euston Square in the evening) suggests that he, DGR and some others might share the illustrations (Bornand 56). 23 MFR makes some adjustments to her manuscript for Rivingtons. They request that DGR design the binding. WMR makes a sketch with his ideas for the design, most of which are eventually adopted (Bornand 57). 25 CGR’s health worsens. Dr Jenner diagnoses neuralgia and advises a change of air (Bornand 58). 26 CGR writes a business letter to the Dalziel Brothers about the illustrations to SS. She asks for the names of the proposed illustrators, requests specimen pages, and asks to correct her own proofs (Harrison 1:369–70).

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May 1

4

5

11

12 14

19

25

June 2 3 17

(Mon) MFR writes to Gosse cancelling his invitation to dinner, because CGR is ‘suddenly and alarmingly ill’. He does not see her again until 1873 (Gosse 158–9). Dalziel Brothers write to CGR with suggested names of illustrators for SS: John Baptist Zwecker, Thomas Sulman and Francis Arthur Fraser. CGR, ‘still wretchedly ill’, asks WMR to transact business on her behalf, and he writes asking for further information about Fraser (Bornand 60). WMR says of CGR’s health: ‘I feel more alarmed about it today than heretofore.’ Dr Jenner visits again and reassures that there is no immediate danger. He orders strict bed rest (Bornand 60). CGR’s health is still improving, but WMR notes that she has not eaten solid food for nearly three weeks (Bornand 61). MFR receives the ﬁrst proof of A Shadow of Dante (Bornand 61). DGR brings to Euston Square his design for MFR’s book, modiﬁed from WMR’s sketch and made presentable by HTD (Bornand 61). After receiving specimens of Fraser’s wood designs, WMR writes to the Dalziels about the illustrations to SS, requesting Arthur Hughes instead. He asks that they keep to the original agreement ‘that the character of the designs be slight rather than the reverse’ and he suggests, with CGR’s approval, that they try large type for the rhymes (although other members of his household disapprove). He asks for a sample of the size of illustrations so they can ﬁnally decide about the size of the type (Harrison 1:371; Bornand 61, 63). WMR writes to Roberts Brothers querying their offer of £25 for SS, but adding that there should be no delay to publication (Bornand 64).

(Fri) Jenner declares CGR free from fever (Bornand 65). DGR’s two designs for the head of Dante, for MFR’s book, are left at Euston Square (Bornand 66). Jenner and ‘the distinguished surgeon’ Thomas Spencer Wells examine CGR; the latter pronounces ‘that the case is one of a kind in which danger may result; but at the present

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time he does not say anything to cause present alarm’. They recommend a temporary removal to Hampstead and excursions in a bath chair (Bornand 70). Roberts Brothers decide on the terms for SS: 10 per cent on copies of books sold after the publishers have covered their expenses. WMR comments that ‘The prospect of proﬁt to Christina appears remote and meager.’ On 25 June, WMR concludes the business on her behalf (Bornand 71–2). CGR goes out of doors in a bath chair for the ﬁrst time (Bornand 72). MFR nears completion of her proofs of A Shadow of Dante (ADC 15:2). HP writes that she will not survive the end of the summer and will not be able to return home (ADC 15:2).

July MFR sends four frontispiece proofs for A Shadow of Dante to DGR for a decision (Harrison 1:374–5; Bornand 77). 1 (Sun) CP purchases 56 Euston Square for £1000 (Bornand 74). 4 EBJ urges DGR to break off with CAH, towards whom he is ‘bitterly hostile’ for a number of reasons’; although DGR is reluctant, he proposes to ‘drop’ him (ADC 15:2). 12–18 Aug DGR is at Kelmscott with JM and her daughters May and Jennie, while his studio at Tudor House is altered to improve the light. He writes the ‘Kelmscott Love Sonnets’ and by 30 August he has 30 new poems (Fredeman 5:113). 20 CGR and FMLR return from Hampstead, with CGR’s health a little improved (Bornand 78). 22 WMR abroad on holiday, to Venice and Ravenna, until 27 August (Bornand 78). 26 CBC calls on CGR, stays to dinner, and borrows her copy of Joaquin Miller’s Songs of the Sierras (1871) (Harrison 1:374). Miller had recently been the subject of gossip in WMR and DGR’s circles, concerning a rumoured proposal to Mathilde Blind (ADC 15:2). CGR is in Folkestone from the end of the month with FMLR for her health, on the recommendation of her doctor, William Jenner. FMLR borrows Thomas Roscoe’s Life and Writings of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (1839) for the holiday. MFR arrives at the start of August (Harrison 1:372).

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Second proofs of SS arrive from Dalziel Brothers. CGR considers the illustrations ‘charming’ (Harrison 1:374).

August 3

(Thu) CGR asks Dalziel Brothers to put Arthur Hughes’s name in bigger type on the title page (Harrison 1:375). 4 CGR writes to ABH describing her enlarged throat and the treatment of iodine. MFR is also unwell (Harrison 1:376). 16 CGR comments on the plan to remove her father’s remains to the Florentine church of Santa Croce: ‘It is most delightful that Italy now remembers her not least honorable son; and though I cannot wish the disinterment to take place I rejoice at the proposal’ (Harrison 1:377). CGR returns brieﬂy to Euston Square, before returning to Folkestone with FMLR and MFR at the end of the August for another month. FMLR returns home earlier, to keep house for WMR (Harrison 1:379).

September Dalziel Brothers send CGR the proofs for further correction and add that ‘whatever alteration you desire shall be made on the plates’ (ADC 10:5). A few further emendations are made this month to the illustrations for SS. CGR corrects the proofs, with help from WMR and DGR, despite her ill health. 1 (Fri) CGR writes to WMR to thank him for the notes on her last proof of SS. She praises several of the illustrations enthusiastically (Harrison 1:380). 28 The wedding of Golde Heimann to Felix Moeller (Harrison 1:380).

October LMB suffers painful abscesses in her ear, as a result of landscape painting out of doors at Lynmouth in the summer (Bornand 116). Publication of MFR’s A Shadow of Dante (Bornand 114). At the end of this month CGR reports to the newly married Golde Heimann Moeller that ‘[m]y convalescence halts so markedly’ (Harrison 1:384). Robert Buchanan, under the pseudonym Thomas Maitland, attacks DGR’s Poems in the Contemporary Review (pp. 335–50).

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(Thu) WMR shows proofs of SS to FMB , who thinks the collection might be judged as CGR’s best poems. FMB also praises Hughes as the best living book illustrator (Bornand 116). Ellis informs DGR of Buchanan’s authorship of the hostile article in the Contemporary Review. DGR intends to write a letter in reply ‘partly thro’ not relishing the attack, & partly for the fun of the thing’, but WMR advises against (Bornand 117). CGR’s health still a cause for concern. Dr Fox ‘says that the circulation is out of order and prescribes digitalis’ (Bornand 118–19).

November 1 (Wed) CGR receives ‘a liberal payment’ of £10 for ‘A Christmas Carol (“In the bleak mid-winter”)’, published in the American Scribner’s Magazine (January 1872) on Stillman’s recommendation (Bornand 122). 4 MFR’s A Shadow of Dante very favourably reviewed in The Athenaeum (pp. 586–7). 5 Fox attends CGR, whose health has again deteriorated. He declares that her difﬁculty in swallowing is owing to ‘spasmodic nervous action’ (Bornand 123). WMR writes to AM that CGR has been ‘entirely prostrate for mos., & still in a state causing great distress & anxiety’ (RML 95). 16 CGR’s health worsens further. Her symptoms include an external lump in the throat, a ﬂuttering sensation in her heart, insomnia, headaches, hair loss and continual shaking of the hands (Bornand 127–8). 18 SS is published (but dated 1872). CGR is to receive 10 per cent of every copy sold, regardless of which edition (Harrison 1:385; see also Bornard 129). 20 CGR sends a copy of SS to DGR, adding that she is ‘on the whole much pleased with it’ (Harrison 1:385). DGR ﬁnally learns, after some speculation in his circle, that Buchanan is indeed the author of the attack against him (Bornand 129). 24 Fox tells WMR that CGR’s illness is connected with her heart, although not heart disease, and is extremely rare (Bornand 130). 25 CGR thanks the Dalziels for the £25 advance in anticipation of the ﬁrst 1000 copies of SS. Jenner, back from Balmoral, visits CGR and pronounces her seriously ill; she is to avoid

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29

the stairs and keep to the drawing-room ﬂoor (Harrison 1:385–6; Bornand 131). A Shadow of Dante positively reviewed in the Saturday Review (pp. 690–1). MFR copies part of a letter from Father Ferreri of the Order of S. Domenic, to HFP, dated 29 November 1871, which praises her Shadow of Dante as a book that understands the author and that could have been written by a Catholic, because it gets the theology so right (TC 4:5).

December 1 (Fri) CGR thanks AM for £4 proﬁts from sales of PP. Twentyﬁve copies are left of PP and 250 of the second edition of GM (Harrison 1:386–7; Bornand 133). Rivingtons inform MFR that they will print a second 500 of A Shadow of Dante and they are considering republication in America (Bornand 133). 5 Dinner at Chelsea with WMR, the Browns, GGH, TGH and some others. JWM reports his spiritualism experiences, believing some of them to be genuine. DGR reads ‘Rose Mary’ and, after some others had left, his reply to Buchanan (Bornand 125). 6 CGR’s health improves, but she still has a distressing choking sensation in her throat, which Dr Fox advises is a nervous contraction (Bornand 135–6). 11 ACS, at dinner with WMR, declares his admiration for MFR’s book and CGR’s SS (Bornand 137). 17 Very favourable review by Joseph Knight of SS in The Times, praising its author as the leading woman poet. The following day CGR writes to thank him (Harrison 1:386, 388). 20 DGR urges CGR to remove to Kelmscott for her health, but Dr Fox advises against leaving home (Bornand 139). 31 WMR visits FMB, where he sees LMB’s picture The Fair Geraldine, or The Magic Mirror, which she is completing. WMR comments that it is ‘Very good indeed’ and ‘greatly more satisfactory than I had (from what Gabriel had told me) expected to ﬁnd it’ (Bornand 142).

1872 CGR Composition includes ‘Golden Holly’ (according to WMR; Crump 3:509). CGR inserts a copy of the poem in a volume of SS presented to Holman Stephens (Harrison 1:390–1).

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Publication includes Poems (Roberts Brothers reprint of 1866 Poems); Sing-Song. DGR recommends Inchbold’s work to Leyland, Graham and Rae. Whistler’s La Princesse du pays de la porcelaine is bought by Leyland because of the persuasive efforts of DGR (GUL X24; WJ 101). DGR’s criticisms of Passionate Dowsabella (1872) wound Théophile Marzials (Minto 2:194–5). DGR buys a 1578 portrait, he thinks, by Zucchero or Porbus the elder (sold 1882 as School of Antonio More) (DW 1123–4). Literary composition includes ‘Proserpina’ (English and Italian) (WDGR xxxiii). Publication includes Sixth edition of Poems (Bornand 6n). Pictorial work includes • Oil Beata Beatrix (S.168.R3); May Morris (S.362). • Watercolour Lady in a Blue Dress (S.260D). • Crayon Bride’s Prelude (S.221A); La Gitana (S.231); GGH (S.320). • Chalk Beata Beatrix (S.168.R4); The Bower Meadow (S.229C–E); Wilding (S.535). • Charcoal The Boat of Love (S.239A). • Pastel Veronica Veronese (S.228A). • Pencil, Pen, Ink Beata Beatrix (S.168.R3.A); Paetus and Arria (S.230). Leyland turns down DGR’s offer to paint Boat of Love (Surtees 136). DGR works on Loving Cup (S.201) for him. Gambart offers to organise a private exhibition of Dante’s Dream (DW 1118, 1135). LMB Pictorial work includes • Chalk OMB; Mathilde Blind (ADC 18:4; PRWA 128; Thirlwell 171). MFR Publication Letters to my Bible Class on Thirty-nine Sundays The letters are addressed to the Young Women’s Friendly Society, established to encourage service girls to spend the afternoon before the evening service in Christ Church in devotional study (Burrows 34). WMR avoids being drawn into a dispute between EBJ, WA and CAH (PRT 56–7). Through the Central Committee for Women’s Suffrage, WMR meets Jacob Bright (Manchester MP) and Lydia Ernestine Becker (Bornand 151). Composition includes translating and comparing Chaucer’s Troylus and Cryseyde and Boccaccio’s Filostrato for Chaucer Society. Begins Cor Cordium, a collection of Shelley’s letters, prose and poetry (SR 386, 399).

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Publication By Moxon: (ed.) Selections of Humorous and Miscellaneous Poetry (dedicated to FMB); (ed.) American Poems (dedicated to Whitman); (ed.) Poetical Works of John Keats, Samuel T. Coleridge, Thomas Moore and William Cowper (illustrated by Thomas Seccombe). January CGR, ‘A Christmas Carol (“In the bleak mid-winter”)’, Scribner’s Monthly (p. 278). Favourable review of SS in Harper’s Magazine (p. 299). DGR’s ‘Cloud Conﬁnes’ is published in Fortnightly Review (p. 14). DGR is criticised for attaching ‘spiritual meaning to the animal passions’ in a hostile article, WMR believes by William John Courthope, in Quarterly Review (pp. 59–84). 3 (Wed) CGR ﬁnally diagnosed with Graves’s Disease (Harrison 1:355). MFR discovers the diagnosis after talking to a surgical friend (Bornand 144). 6 Favourable review of SS in The Athenaeum (p. 11). DGR draws JM (S.393). 9 CGR thanks Sarah Anne D’Orsey for sending her novel Agnes Graham (1869) (Harrison 1:393). 13 BLS shows WMR plans for her ladies’ college, Girton College. WMR gives his support (Bornand 149–52). 14 MFR’s proposed new book, Letters to My Bible Class on Thirty-nine Sundays, interests SPCK (Bornand 149). 15 Sidney Colvin’s favourable review of SS in Academy (pp. 23–4). 17 WMR joins the Central Committee for Women’s Suffrage (Bornand 151). 21 WMR sends BLS £22 for Girton College (Bornand 152). 24 CGR thanks Daniel C. Gilman, of Roberts Brothers, for sending her Susan Coolidge’s novel The New Year’s Bargain (1872) (Harrison 1:394–5). 25 CAH hopes to acquire for WMR a portrait from W. Symmonds of 266 Oxford Street, which he believes to be Hoppner’s portrait of Shelley aged c.10. WMR doubts its authenticity (Howell L126; PRT 58–60). DGR proposes painting Cassandra for Leyland for 3000 guineas; Leyland refuses (Fennell 30). 28 CGR suddenly suffers ‘an alarming sensation at the heart, as if it suddenly swelled to bursting’ (Bornand 154–5).

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February Forman publishes ‘“Fleshly School” Controversy’ in Tinsley’s Magazine (pp. 89–102), condemning Buchanan. DGR works on Bower Meadow (S.229) and Veronica Veronese (S.228) (800 guineas) for Leyland. According to DGR’s accounts, Leyland has paid £500 for Veronica Veronese, £500 for Boat of Love, £200 for La Pia and £150 for additional work (Fredeman 5:233–4). 16 (Fri) CGR consents to Hüffer’s request to set two of her poems (including ‘Song “When I am dead”’) to music (Bornand 163). 23 MFR writes to ABH about CGR: ‘the last change in her medicine has, through God’s Mercy, proved so far beneﬁcial’ (RHC 4:2; Bornand 166). 24 ‘Coterie Glory’, a lengthy critical review of DGR and others, possibly by Courthope or Buchanan, appears in Saturday Review (pp. 239–40). 27 Trelawny gives WMR a fragment of Shelley’s skull (Bornand 167). 29 Party at FMB’s. WMR talks for most of the evening to Mathilde Blind about Shelley. Blind says that she reviewed SS for the Academy, but it was rejected as ‘too fervently expressed’. WMR passes round the group his fragment of Shelley’s skull and notes the reaction: Blind kisses it reverently; ACS pays it no attention; DGR is interested but also ‘jokingly’ dismissive (Bornand 170–1). March Favourable review of SS in Scribner’s Monthly (p. 629). Third revised edition of WMR’s Poetical Works of Shelley published (Bornand 161). 1 (Fri) CGR very unwell again, with weakness, loss of appetite and difﬁculty swallowing and breathing (Bornand 172). 13 WMR meets Jane Hogg through Trelawny (Bornand 177). 14 Rivingtons tell MFR that, only six months after publication, A Shadow of Dante is sold out; they propose a second edition (Bornand 178–9). 16 The family have ‘grave anxiety’ about CGR’s health (Bornand 179). 18 FMB calls at Euston Square and announces OMB has unexpectedly written a moving novel, entitled The Black Swan (published in revised form 1873 as Gabriel Denver) (Bornand 179–80).

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21

27

Dr Jenner informs MFR that CGR’s illness is not terminal, but that the main danger is exhaustion. WMR notes Alicia Margaret Losh has died of bronchitis; DGR is not a beneﬁciary of her will (Bornand 181–3). CGR hears from Dalziels that the sale of SS ‘has fallen far short of their expectations’, although WMR notes that this is hardly a ‘crass failure’, with 1100 copies sold to date (Bornand 183).

April Wedmore describes DGR’s Poems in St James’ Magazine (pp. 31–40) as a ‘treasure-house’. 1 (Mon) WMR’s review of Giuseppe Ferrazzi’s Enciclopedia Dantesca (1872) and Julius Petzholdt’s Bibliograﬁa Dantesca (1872) appears in Academy (pp. 121–2). 3 Although CGR’s looks are still ‘as bad as possible’, her health is improving (Bornand 185). 5 Roberts Brothers write to say that SS has not yet covered its expenses, partly because it arrived in the USA too late. Only 800 copies have been sold. They ask for 250 more copies of A Shadow of Dante (Bornand 185). 18 WMR gives his ﬁrst public lecture advocating women’s suffrage (Bornand 189). 19 Jenner attends CGR, who has been suffering from frequent attacks of vomiting. Her life is ‘in jeopardy’ (Bornand 190). 21 CGR suffers ‘a torturing attack of neuralgia across the chest and arms—a new symptom—with hurried action of the heart’. She is attended by Jenner and Fox, who prescribe bed rest (Bornand 190). 28 WMR thanks CAH on CGR’s behalf for his offer of sherry, adding ‘since today there has been some small improvement in her condition’ (Howell 128). May Buchanan reissues Fleshly School of Poetry in pamphlet form, containing fresh accusations against DGR. Colvin arranges for hostile reviews in Saturday Review, Pall Mall Gazette, The Athenaeum, Daily News and Fortnightly Review (Bornand 193). DGR writes a condemnatory letter. WMR dissuades him from challenging Buchanan to a duel. FMB writes to The Athenaeum accusing Buchanan of spite, WMR having called him ‘a poor and pretentious poetaster’ in Swinburne’s Poems and Ballads (1866). In

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Orion (1872), R. H. Horne accuses Buchanan of ‘asceticism’. LMB’s pictures are rejected by the RA (Bornand 194–204). 1 (Wed) WMR reports that CGR’s illness has lessened her powers of concentration but given her a taste for reading history and biography, such as Southey’s Life of Nelson (1813) and Goldsmith’s The Grecian History (1785), which FMLR reads aloud to her (Bornand 194). 7 MFR writes to ABH about CGR’s health: ‘She is I trust better in very important respects, but with great ﬂuctuations’ (RHC 4:2). WMR signs documents from Ward, Lock & Tyler giving copyright to Moxon for his Campbell and Milton volumes. DGR is concerned about his household expenditure, annually spending in excess of £1000 on food. He continues to make provision for Cornforth (Bornand 195–6). 14 CGR collapses. WMR is seriously concerned about the prognosis. She is extremely weak, although her voice has improved: ‘her strength of mind continues to maintain an admirable triumph over all physical suffering and prostration’ (Bornand 198). 16 WMR meets Fernando Petrucelli della Gattina, who knew GR in 1852 (Bornand 199). 17 WMR meets Jules Andrieu, a member of the Paris Commune living in exile, who is tutoring OMB. WMR views LMB’s Margaret Roper receiving the head of her father Sir Thomas More. He terms it ‘satisfactory’ and ‘an improvement’ on her previous Tempest picture, but adds that ‘I dare say, however, by day-light, defects of execution would be sufﬁciently noticeable’ (Bornand 200–1; Boyce 54). 18 ‘Fleshing the Fleshly’, a response to Buchanan’s pamphlet, is published in Echo. DGR reacts disproportionately (Bornand 201–2). 22 Gambart wants DGR to paint a smaller version of Dante’s Dream for 1000 guineas, including copyright, to be engraved by Auguste Blanchard for £1600 (Bornand 202). 24 MFR works on revisions suggested by SPCK to Letters to my Bible Class (Bornand 203). 30 WMR, William R. S. Ralston, FMB and LMB attend Mathilde Blind’s house to hear a reading of OMB’s Gabriel Denver. Although it has defects, WMR thinks it ‘very remarkable’ for a 17 year old (Bornand 205).

250 A Rossetti Family Chronology

June DGR suffers a breakdown, the result of large doses of chloral, which have affected his nervous system, in conjunction with the strain caused by Buchanan’s criticism. He becomes victim to paranoia and delusional fantasies, believing there to be a large-scale conspiracy against him. DGR quarrels irreparably with ACS and thinks RB injures him in Fiﬁne at the Fair. DGR also experiences ﬁnancial difﬁculty. WMR and FMB act as business representatives in London while he is recovering. GGH becomes DGR’s housemate and secretary (ADC 6:14; SR 516, 335; Hueffer 274). 2 (Sun) DGR completes the sale of Bower Meadow (£735) to Pilgeram & Lefèvre. WMR begins to doubt DGR’s sanity (Baum 35). 3 DGR is attended by WMR, WBS, HTD and Cornforth. They try table-turning and receive messages supposedly from EES saying she still loves DGR (Bornand 206). 5–3 Nov WMR gives up his diary because DGR’s nervous debility is becoming ‘too painful’ to record accurately (Bornand 206). 6 FMB suggests friends such as Tennyson and RB should write letters in support of DGR (MarshDGR 438). 7 WMR and FMB take DGR to TGH’s, Roehampton (ADC 13:4). 8 DGR attempts suicide by an overdose of laudanum. For two days he remains in a coma. He is visited by FMLR, MFR and JM (Bornand 207; Hake 222). WBS visits WMR who is ill with stress (Minto 2:172). 10 CGR writes to WMR expressing her extreme concern for DGR’s health. CGR is conﬁned to bed, attended by EP, while WMR, MFR and FMLR stay with TGH. LMB has called to see CGR and express her sorrow (Harrison 1:395). 13 DGR regains sufﬁcient health to return to Cheyne Walk with FMB who then takes him to Fitzroy Place (Mills 156; Baum 35). 20–1 Accompanied by FMB and GGH, DGR travels to Perthshire, Graham having placed Urrard House and Stobhall at DGR’s disposal (FLM 251). There, DGR’s physical condition improves with an increase in sleep and reduction in chloral. He manages to walk despite a lame leg (ADC 1:2). 21 DGR writes to FMLR: ‘How wonderful & happy to hear of Christina’s sudden rally’ (Fredeman 5:249). 27 DGR gives WMR possession of Cornforth’s furniture at 36 Royal Avenue in order to secure them from her husband’s

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28

creditors. Leonard Rowe Valpy or H. V. Tebbs, not Rose (who DGR thinks a ‘blackguard’), is to sign the documentation (Fredeman 5:251, 333). CAH offers DGR £550–600 for his blue-and-white china (WMR accepts £650 from Marks) (Howell L131). GGH and DGR follow FMB to Stobhall. WBS later relieves FMB (ADC 1:1–2).

July CGR visits Hampstead with EP, having been ordered to leave London by Jenner (ADC 6:14; Harrison 1:lix). MFR’s Shadow of Dante is published in its entirety in North American Review (pp. 139–209) (Tobin 84). ACS’s pamphlet Under the Microscope examines Buchanan and other hostile critics (Bornand 194). DGR’s mental health remains shaky. He thinks his persecutors are ‘narrowing the net’ around him and begins to suspect Marshall. His alcohol allowance is reduced to six wine glasses of whisky per day (as well as wine), despite protests and threats to throw himself out of the window. WBS encourages docility, hinting DGR could be certiﬁed insane. DGR’s hydrocele continues to be painful. His pictures are moved to WBS’s house and Dante’s Dream to Graham’s. CAH sells a number of DGR’s belongings (ADC 1:2, 6:14; Howell L135; Minto 2:174). 1 (Mon) FMLR writes to DGR ‘we wanted to ﬁnd for her [CGR] as her Dr. directed a ground ﬂoor with a garden, but not succeeding in our search for these either in Hampstead or Highgate, we were obliged to be contented with a ﬁrst ﬂoor balcony where she sits in the open air. She still must not walk down stairs’ (Harrison 1:397). 8 FMLR and MFR intend to stay with CGR at Hampstead, replacing EP (ADC 6:14). 13 CGR reports to CAH that her health is improving (Harrison 1:397). 26 TGH, GGH and DGR leave Stobhall, to make room for the Willoughby family. GGH looks for alternative accommodation around St Andrews and Broughty Ferry (ADC 1:1). 27 Through a local doctor, Gairdner, TGH ﬁnds DGR accommodation at Mrs Stewart’s farmhouse, Trowan, Crieff; Graham offers to pay expenses (ADC 1:1; Hake 224). 29 CGR writes to BLS asking whether Scalands is free to lend, as her doctor orders her out of town again. The Bodichons are already there, so CGR, FMLR and MFR take rooms in a

252 A Rossetti Family Chronology

farmhouse nearby at Glottenham, Sussex. CGR remains in Glottenham until 11 September; MFR leaves for London (to housekeep for WMR) before this date. In a letter to ABH dated 26 August, she describes her lodgings as ‘a most charming place, with greenness and ﬂowers to refresh our London eyes, and a small population of beasts and birds around us’ (Harrison 1:400). August CGR and BLS visit each other. On one visit to BLS in Scalands CGR meets Amelia Edward, who is surprised to ﬁnd CGR ‘not only town-bred but townish’, and to hear CGR admit she had bever seen the sun rise (Edwards 131–5). CGR writes to WMR on 6 September, ‘Mrs Bodichon’s kindness adds considerably to our pleasure here, and certainly she is a charming woman’ (Harrison 1:404; Marsh 403–4; FMLR to DGR, 29 August, Ashley B3865). CGR thanks her in a letter for her kindness and arranges for a copy of A Shadow of Dante to be sent to her London home at Blandford Square (Harrison 1:398–9). DGR makes chalk drawings of TGH and GGH. He works on Beata Beatrix (S.168.R3) for Graham. HTD works on Sibylla Palmifera for Valpy. He receives demands for payment from Lot Brass and other creditors. On the advice of WMR and FMB, Cornforth takes a lodger (ADC 1:1–2; Hake 224–5; Fredeman 5:258–64). HP ﬁnally returns from America in alarmingly poor health (Harrison 1:401–2). 10 (Sat) TGH secretly halves DGR’s chloral intake by diluting it with water (ADC 1:1). 24 DGR writes to HTD for his painting materials (resumes painting on 30 August) (ADC 1:1–2). 28 CAH offers DGR the use of a wing of his house (Howell 140). 31 CGR returns to WMR, on behalf of FMLR, TGH’s letters about DGR’s health and adds ‘Such friends as Dr Hake and his son are rarer and more precious than gold.’ She reports FMLR’s health is improved and overall she is ‘perhaps better’ (Harrison 1:403) September TGH leaves Trowan and HTD visits. DGR works four–ﬁve hours daily, beginning the predella for Beata Beatrix with HTD. His whisky intake is reduced to 1 two glasses (plus three/four of wine) and morphine to 8 grain. Wilding

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is engaged as a regular model. FMB suggests that DGR gives up the expense of Tudor House. DGR has £23 at the Union Bank and £570 kept by FMB. Without DGR’s knowledge, Marks sells Silence (S.214) to JAH, and CAH’s business partner Raphael Pinti takes DGR’s Botticelli picture for sale in Italy (not returned until February 1873, to WMR’s anxiety). A forged £50 cheque is paid from DGR’s account; DGR, who suspects Elizabeth Tommasina Rovedino, does not want to prosecute. HP remains very ill with consumption (ADC 1:1–2; Fredeman 5:258–77; PRT 64; Bornand 235–6). 3 (Tue) DGR draws TGH (S.321). 4 CMB and Franz Hüffer are married. MFR attends the wedding breakfast (Harrison 1:404; Thirlwell 66). 5 Although WMR and MFR press her to stay longer at Glottenham, CGR writes to WMR that she must return home. She hopes DGR will not return to Tudor House (Harrison 1:404). CGR and FMLR return home at the end of the month, allowing MFR a short visit to Eastbourne as a respite from summer-long housekeeping at Euston Square. CGR’s illness has caused her skin to discolour (Marsh 405). 12 DGR writes to FMLR he is ‘glad to ﬁnd the news of Christina pretty good’ (Fredeman 5:265). 17 DGR sends TGH a binding design for Parables and Tales (Fredeman 5:272). 23–4 DGR and GGH leave Trowan for London and Kelmscott. WMR describes DGR as ‘in excellent spirits’ (Baum 35). DGR’s presence at Kelmscott keeps WM away although he makes occasional visits (Kelvin 1:172). 27 An exuberant article on DGR’s paintings by FGS appears in The Athenaeum (p. 407). October CGR composes ‘Venus’s Looking-Glass’ (Crump 1:305), in response to poems sent to her by CBC on Venus (PWCGR 487). CAH (in partnership with Parsons) begins to act as DGR’s general purchasing agent and conﬁdant, receiving 10 per cent proﬁt on sales (PRT 86–7; Howell L149–53). MFR stays at the All Saints Hospital, Eastbourne, to recuperate from a painful stomach complaint. While there, she writes to DGR with information he had requested, about ‘the exact year, month, & day, of Dante’s meeting with Beatrice in the Eden towards the end of the Purgatorio’, for his predella for the replica of Beata Beatrix (LMP 615; Fredeman 5:305).

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HP visits Euston Square. She is ‘very ill’. On her return to Gloucester she is ‘considerably relieved by a new treatment’ (Harrison 1:405, 415). 5 (Sat) DGR offers two drawings for a subscription exhibition organised by FJS in aid of the family of the late Manchester painter Henry James Holding (Bornand 208). November CGR, ‘Days of Vanity’, Scribner’s Monthly (p. 21). DGR makes a chalk drawing of May Morris, which he hopes to sell for 100 guineas, and works on Proserpine (IV) for Parsons and CAH (550 guineas). DGR insists that copy and exhibition rights remain with him. Prick of Liverpool exhibits works by DGR against his knowledge (Howell L155; ADC 1:2, 3:15). DGR offers the Bradford art dealer W. Hutton Brayshay La Donna della Fiamma (S.216) and a head of JM (S.224C) in exchange for Silence (S.214) (Bornand 208–9). DGR consults Debenham’s list for suitable country properties. BLS offers him Scalands until June 1873. Cornforth’s husband Hughes, an alcoholic, dies. WMR writes a testimonial for Colvin for the Slade Professorship, Cambridge (Fredeman 5:317–36). 3 (Sun) WMR resumes his diary. He reports that ‘Christina [is] not so wholly incapacitated as when I discontinued writing’. He is working on his edition of Felicia Hemans for Moxon (Bornand 207). 4 WMR is persuaded to sign an afﬁdavit for Payne in his case against Moxon (Bornand 208–9). 15 DGR is summoned for jury service. However, WMR manages to obtain a medical certiﬁcate (Bornand 211). 27 WMR is subpoened to give evidence in Harding v. Baxendale. He testiﬁes that two gouaches by Van Bloeremberg, damaged during transit, are authentic and not copies as the carriers claim (Bornand 214). December DGR sends Leyland Lady Lilith. TGH, GGH, WBS, FMB and family visit DGR at Kelmscott (Bornand 216). JM leaves. DGR supports FMB’s Slade Professorship campaign, offering a testimonial and writing to inﬂuential friends and patrons (Fredeman 5:335–51). 1 (Sun) WMR reviews Denis Florence MacCarthy’s Shelley’s Early Life (1872) in Academy (p. 441). 2 DGR completes Lucrezia Borgia (S.124) for Leyland (Fredeman 5:334).

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3

5

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27

31

MFR turns down a social invitation at the Heimanns: ‘I am afraid I must keep my rule of not going out during Advent. But thank you very much for so kindly asking me, & remembering my strong preference for small parties’ (RHC 4:2). CGR writes to CG to thank her for the copy of Animal World: An Advocate of Humanity (published by Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals), in which one of CG’s poems is published (Harrison 1:406). CGR’s health and strength continues to improve (Bornand 219). DGR is in London. He makes an inventory of the drawings in his studio he hopes to work up for sale. DGR meets TGH’s friend TWD for the ﬁrst time (Bornand 221; DW 1113). CGR thanks Margaret Junkin Preston for sending one of her recent volumes, presumably Old Song and New (1870) (Harrison 1:416). WMR writes in his diary that this is ‘the most painful year I have ever passed, owing to the ill-health of Christina, and more especially of Gabriel’ (Bornand 222).

1873 CGR (summer) Gosse meets CGR working in the British Museum, and ﬁnds her ‘so strangely altered as to be almost unrecognisable’ (Gosse 159). DGR makes the acquaintance of Joseph Comyns Carr (Carr 44–5). DGR worries about his letters being tampered with. Joaquin Miller dedicates Songs of Sunlands (1873) to the Rossettis. Literary composition includes ‘Winter’, ‘Transﬁgured Life’, ‘The Soul’s Sphere’, ‘The Heart of the Night’, ‘From Dawn to Noon’, ‘Memorial Thresholds’, ‘Life the Beloved’ and the verse fragment ‘The winter garden-beds all bare’. He ﬁnishes ‘The Sun’s Shame’ (WDGR xxv–xxvi, xxix, xxxi). Publication includes Tauchnitz edition of Poems, based on ﬁfth edition, with alterations and a memoir by Hüffer. Ellis suggests a new volume of original poetry. DGR proposes to translate Michelangelo’s poems and considers a comparative study of ‘painter-poets’ (VP 201–2).

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Pictorial work includes • Chalk La Ghirlandata (S.232A); Blessed Damozel (S.244A; 244D); Wilding (S.536). • Crayon St Cecilia (S.83B) • Pen, Ink La Ghirlandata (S.232B); JM (S.396–9). DGR begins Marigolds (S.235) and has Sancta Lilias (S.244C) gilded. He ﬁnishes Beata Beatrix and repaints Il Ramoscello (S.181) for Graham; he has it cleaned. DGR retouches Monna Vanna (S.191) and Beloved (S.182; also reframed) for Rae (DW 555, 1149–52). Leyland is dissatisﬁed with the size of Lucrezia Borgia; DGR offers to cover its value with other commissions (FredemanMS). DGR’s stained-glass designs Sacriﬁce of Isaac for Holy Trinity, Bingley, Yorkshire; Life of St George for Cragside, Rothbury, Northumberland; and Story of St George for Pease, are executed by the Morris ﬁrm (Sewter 17, 163, 229). LMB Pictorial work includes • Oil Margaret Roper Rescuing the Head of her Father Sir Thomas More from London Bridge (exh. Liverpool 1873; Manchester 1875, £250; Dudley Gallery 1875, 128 guineas). • Pencil MFR, 1873–74 (Thirlwell 167, 173). WMR Publications include for Moxon, editions of Felicia Hemans and Alexander Pope. Writes for Academy (1873–78); signs his articles, against the system of anonymity (SR 308, 468; AN 80). January DGR draws JM (S.394) and begins a new version of Proserpine (S.233), turning two false starts into separate head pictures (see Blanziﬁore, S.227). DGR gifts a portrait of EMB (S.274) to CMB. DGR considers turning the barn at Kelmscott into a studio. FMB keeps Sir Tristram and La Belle Yseult (S.200) in his studio to show potential buyers. CAH proposes to manage a private exhibition of Dante’s Dream, possibly at Agnew’s, and FGS write a notice. CAH buys DGR paintings and porcelain from Cornforth to raise capital for a new house. With the help of Marshall, WMR continues to dilute DGR’s chloral secretly (Bornand 229; DW 1112–29). MFR, ‘Pews: a Colloquy. “One with Another”’, ‘New and Old’: for SeedTime and Harvest: A Parochial Magazine for all Readers (pp. 113–16). 1 (Wed) CGR, ‘Venus’s Looking-Glass’ and ‘Love Lies Bleeding’, Argosy (p. 3); ‘A Bird Song’, Scribner’s Monthly (p. 336). 7 CGR approaches a publisher, probably Roberts Brothers, about ‘my little fairy story’ SL (Harrison 1:418–19).

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9 19 23

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29

Woolner gives WMR a painting by Linnell after spirit drawings by Blake of Wallace and Edward I (Bornand 226). FMB encourages WMR to undertake a Life of Titian (Hueffer 284). CGR plans to send some of her unpublished poems to a magazine under a pseudonym, because they are not of her best quality and are old and unfashionable. She wants to do this for money, but WMR disapproves (Bornand 231–2). CGR’s health is improving: the enormous protrusion of her eyes and the swelling at the throat are both diminished (Bornand 232). WMR supports FGS’s claim for an increase in payment for Catalogue of Prints and Drawings (Satire) in the British Museum (1870–83) in a letter to George William Reid, Keeper of Prints and Drawings (Bornand 234–5).

February DGR revises ‘Cloud Conﬁnes’ and sends it to TWD for comment. DGR draws JM (S.395). Leyland demands return of payment with interest for Loving Cup (S.201). HTD visits DGR at Kelmscott. WBS sends DGR a 1788 Burns letter to Robert Ainslie, which DGR wants to publish (DW 1133–42). DGR is relieved the Ashburtons’s Christ, John and Lamb (School of Leonardo) has survived ﬁre in their Bath home; DGR is to make a copy (Bornand 240–1). 3 (Mon) CGR suffers a ‘hysterical attack’ and takes to her bed (Bornand 235). 13 CGR writes to CG to thank her for sending her a copy of her poems for children, published as Babyland, or Pretty Rhymes for the Little Ones in 1877. She dislikes RB’s Fiﬁne at the Fair (1872) and has read little of The Ring and the Book (1868–69), but has ﬁnished Jean Ingelow’s novel Off the Skelligs (1872). She confesses her dislike of Napoleon III (Harrison 1:419–20). 16 Inspired by Ascanio Condivi’s Vita di Michelagniolo Buonarroti (1553), DGR considers painting Michelangelo visiting the deathbed of Vittoria Colonna as a companion to Dante’s Dream. WMR offers Dicta of British Artists on Subjects of Art to Ward & Lock (Bornand 240). 17–21 CAH visits DGR at Kelmscott. DGR describes CAH as whirling him in a ‘tornado of lies’ (DW 1142). 26 DGR draws Ligea Siren (S.234) from a housemaid introduced by HTD (DW 1143).

258 A Rossetti Family Chronology

March Leyland refuses DGR’s Desdemona’s Death-Song and Ligea Siren (150 guineas). JM returns to Kelmscott. OMB visits. DGR opposes HTD copying WHH’s Shadow of Death (1868–72), while under his full-time employment (DW 1146–54). 14 (Fri) WMR, who agrees to edit Dante and His Circle, receives the ﬁrst proofs (Bornand 247). 19 Joaquin Miller calls on WMR at Somerset House and asks permission to dedicate his poetry volume ‘To the Rossettis’. He recommends that Miller write to DGR for permission, and WMR passes the poems to CGR (WMR Diary, FLCGR 211). 29 CGR’s contribution on Artemus Ward appears in Notes & Queries (p. 253). April Wilding comes to Kelmscott to model for Proserpine, accompanied by HTD, who enlarges Ligea Siren for Leyland. CAH, TWD, the Hüffers, May and Jenny Morris visit. JM is prevented because of ill health. GGH and DGR return to London (Bornand 258; DW 1157–62). 1 (Tue) DGR’s review of TGH’s Parables and Tales appears in Fortnightly Review (p. 537). 2 WMR denies Skelton’s claim that DGR is soon to leave Cheyne Walk because of ill health. DGR is not told to avoid upset (Bornand 252–3). 14 FMLR, who is ill with inﬂuenza, is to go to Hastings in the company of CGR, MFR, CP, EP and HP (in the ﬁnal stages of consumption) (Bornand 256). 27 WMR offers £10–20 towards the subscription fund Rae sets up for the family of the late William Davis. DGR also contributes a chalk drawing and WMR a picture by Davis, given him by Miller in 1857 (Mills 159; Bornand 264–6, 277). May DGR writes ‘Spring’. Gosse addresses a sonnet in On Viol & Flute (1873) to DGR as a birthday greeting (Ghose 169). Proserpine (IV) is completed and delivered to Parsons (Surtees 132). DGR offers 10 drawings for 250 guineas to the Bradford ﬁrm, [John Aldam] Heaton & [W. Hutton] Brayshay. CAH sells Mary Magdalene (S.109.R2) to JAH for £220 (Howell L242–6; DW 1169–70). 1 (Thu) CGR, ‘Amor Mundi’, Argosy (p. 350).

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WMR’s anonymous article on William Davis appears in The Athenaeum (p. 573). WMR receives proofs for DGR’s EIP (Bornand 270). 4 John Slack gives WMR access to and authorises him to publish from his Shelley letters, avoiding quotations that might present legal difﬁculties (Bornand 271). 6 JM returns to Kelmscott (Salmon 65). 12 WMR gives evidence before Lord Rosebery’s Committee on Horses at the House of Lords regarding horse-dealing licence duties. FMB proposes that LMB accompany WMR and the Scotts on their trip abroad, for the beneﬁt of her health. WMR approves enthusiastically (Bornand 274–5). 13 WMR calls at FMB’s house to discuss the Italian trip with LMB. He sees her picture of Margaret Roper again: ‘though a little wanting in qualities of surface etc., is really a good and interesting picture, and ought not to have been rejected from the RA’ (Bornand 275). 16 FMLR and MFR return to London earlier than planned on account of MFR who is suffering from a painful bout of erysipelas in her foot and throat (Bornand 276). 20 CGR and her aunts return from Hastings (Bornand 276). DGR writes to FMLR that he would have liked to accompany WMR to Italy with FMB; but he is glad that LMB goes, despite WBS’s sulks about it (FredemanMS). 23 DGR sends Leyland his drawing of Blessed Damozel and asks for £400 on account. Leyland refuses until his other commissions are near completion (Fennell 40–2). 24 DGR, ‘Sunset Wings’, The Athenaeum (p. 660). 26–6 July WMR, WBS, LNS, AB and LMB travel to Italy via Paris and Mount Ceni (SR 348–9, 420). During the trip LMB picks leaves and ﬂowers from the graves of Keats and Shelley in Rome (ADC 18:17). 31 TGH and TWD arrive at Kelmscott (DW 1176). June CGR sends TGH a transcription of a review of his new collection of poetry from People’s Magazine. HP returns to USA (Harrison 1:428–9). WMR and company travel to Rome. MFR, who is unwell, travels to Eastbourne (ADC 6:14, 13:4). FMB and EMB visit DGR (DW 1179–86). CAH encourages reconciliation between DGR and Sandys (PRT 90). CAH suggests DGR sends

260 A Rossetti Family Chronology

chalk drawings to hang in his shop to attract customers such as Baron Stern and the Rothschilds (Howell L246). 14 (Sat)–15 In Florence, WMR visits Claire Clairmont, the ‘sister’ of Mary Shelley and lover of Byron, on behalf of Trelawny, who wants to purchase Shelley and Byron documents from her (SR 351–3). 16 MFR returns from Eastbourne, with her health a little improved (Harrison 1:429). TGH and TWD leave Kelmscott. FMB and EMB arrive (leaving between 22 and 26) (DW 1179–82). 17 CGR gives Amelia B. Edwards permission to reprint ‘Uphill’ in an anthology she is preparing for Tauchnitz (not published until 1879) (Harrison 1:429). 25–16 July CGR and FMLR visit DGR at Kelmscott; all enjoy the visit enormously (Harrison 3:75). 27 Wilding arrives at Kelmscott to model for La Ghirlandata (S.232). CAH also arrives. DGR reassures FMLR that Wilding is ‘ﬁt company for anyone’ (24 May). DGR writes to HTD on 11 July, ‘She and my mummy and sister have got on very well together and like each other much.’ DGR has made good progress with The Bower Maiden (FredemanMS). July DGR makes a study of Wilding for Roman Widow (S.236). Graham commissions La Ghirlandata (S.232) for 800 guineas. CAH offers Graham Ligea Siren (200 guineas), Proserpine (800 guineas) and La Pia (1000 guineas). J. Heugh is given second refusal (Howell L257). The Browns visit Kelmscott where FMB works on Cromwell on his Farm (DW 1185–9). 1 (Tue) WMR proposes to LMB in Basle, Switzerland. He intends to continue living with FMLR and aunts. WBS, who had reluctantly agreed to LMB’s inclusion in their party, believes this had been FMB’s intention (FMB denies it) (LPI 307–8). They travel on to Langres and Paris, returning to London on 6 July (ADC 13:4). 10 CGR responds very warmly from Kelmscott to WMR’s news of his engagement to LMB (Harrison 1:433–4). 11–21 GGH leaves Kelmscott for Oxford to have a lump removed by Dr Briscoe. DGR writes to him regularly (DW 1188–1201). 18 CGR writes to DGR thanking him for the visit to Kelmscott and with developments about the engagement: this evening

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the Browns intend to dine at Euston Square and LMB has already paid her respects to FMLR. She adds, as a postscript, that she hopes his solitude is over, alluding to the arrival of JM but not registering any sense of impropriety (Harrison 1:434–5). CGR thanks OMB for lending them a manuscript copy of his novel Gabriel Denver (1873), which they have all admired greatly, although CGR has moral reservations about the protagonists (Harrison 1:435–6).

August ? CGR and FMLR spend a fortnight in Gloucester with HFP (Harrison 1:436). DGR paints May Morris for La Ghirlandata. Parsons cannot sell Proserpine (IV) and wants a replacement. Graham lends DGR Dante’s Dream for HTD to begin preparatory work on a reduced replica (DW 1205–8). MFR is in a convalescent hospital, connected with All Saints Sisterhood, in Eastbourne. FMLR is with her (ADC 6:14). 6 (Wed) DGR writes to FMB: ‘Christina has sent me some designs for wall papers! One is very good. Do you think the ﬁrm could be got to buy it if carefully drawn out?’ (FredemanMS). 19 CAH informs DGR that in six years he has sold 68 of DGR’s pictures (Howell 1). 27 CAH sells Dante’s Dream to Valpy for 1500 guineas (Howell L290). CAH later attempts to sell the painting over Valpy’s head for £3000 to William Armstrong. He hides this from DGR and proposes to buy the picture himself for 1500 guineas, apparently to have it engraved, hoping to secure a large proﬁt for himself (DW 1237–9). September FMB and Edmund Hake visit DGR at Kelmscott. Cornforth complains that CAH takes items from her house without paying for them (DW 1215–17). 4 (Thu) CAH urges Graham to secure Blue Bower, offered to him by R. Wilson, a creditor of the owner, Mendel of Manley Hall (Howell L295). 6 MFR tells DGR about her renewed illness and her decision to enter All Saints (DGR to WMR, FredemanMS). 11 MFR enters All Saints Anglican Sisterhood, 82 Margaret Street, as a novice. WMR writes to MFR from Somerset House:

262 A Rossetti Family Chronology

13

16

23

‘I know, my dear Maggie, that your longing is to die to the world, & live to Christ: to suffer, work, love, & be saved by love. There are other ideals than this, but not greater ideals – not any wh. raise the character higher, or make it capable of more extra-human effort’ (ADC 26:9). Ill health prevents MFR fuﬁlling nursing duties but she is valued by the Mother Superior, Miss Brownlow, as a teacher, and MFR gives regular Bible classes to other young novices and to the Young Women’s Friendly Society on Sundays at 3 pm. The rules allow her to visit family and she is at Euston Square most Saturdays (ADC 10:11, 13:8; SR 421–7; Harrison 1:lix, 2:83; Mumm 25; Burrows 34). Probably in this year, while a novice, MFR writes to OMB that she is unable to read Dante with him at the Sisterhood because, ‘The educational pursuits which engage me are wholly for the beneﬁt of the poor; & every spare moment is ﬁlled up with some kind of Community work’ (ADC 13:9). According to the diary of MFR’s contemporary Sister Caroline Mary, MFR was notable for her saintliness and, in her prayer, at chapel and weekly confession, she has ‘a great gift of tears’ (Mumm 15, 25). DGR writes to FMLR of MFR’s move from Euston Square: ‘She will indeed be a great loss, being much the healthiest in mind and cheeriest of us all, except yourself. William comes next and Christina and I are nowhere’ (FredemanMS). FLMR writes to DGR: ‘Though I am glad that Maria should carry out her long desire of becoming a Sister, I miss her company and conversation very much’ (Marsh 410). DGR offers WMR and LMB any furniture they need from Tudor House. Their subsequent ‘raid’ on Tudor House is ‘most moderate’ but DGR regretfully tells them the sofa they want is required since JM has reclaimed a sofa of hers from Tudor House (DW 1217–21).

October Leyland and DGR quarrel about La Ghirlandata (DGR refuses an advance showing; Leyland wants single heads only) and the £1050 advanced for it. DGR agrees Leyland should have Proserpine (V), Roman Widow and La Pia (or a substitute) at 800 guineas each (Fennell 45–52). During the lining of Proserpine (V) the face becomes rucked; the painting is set aside. Proserpine (VI) is begun. JM is ill in London but dissuades DGR from visiting (Surtees 132; DW 1222–6).

1873–1874 263

At the end of the month, after MFR’s induction, the family hold a farewell dinner, with WBS present (Marsh 410). November Proserpine (V) is relined but lost in transit (Surtees 132). Negotiations between DGR and Parsons over Proserpine (IV) are complex and result in disagreement (ADC 3:15; Ford 316). DGR drums up support for a private exhibition of Smetham’s pictures among GFW, Graham and GCT (DW 1236). 5 (Wed) OMB’s Gabriel Denver is published. It is not a commercial success. CGR writes to WMR to apologise for an ‘ebullition of temper this morning (& for a hundred other faults)’, which has led to tension between her and LMB. Her health is poor and she proposes moving with FMLR from Euston Square, so not as to be an embarrassment and nuisance to LMB (Harrison 1:436–8). 13 DGR writes to WMR concerned MFR has no ﬁres in the convent (FredemanMS). 16 CGR and FMLR invite FJS to dinner. WMR is asked to join them (Harrison 1:439). December DGR arranges to send CGR champagne, apparently for her health. He writes to TGH on 21 January 1874: ‘When in London at Xmas, I found Christina very ill & William looking far from well though not complaining in any way – my mother, I am glad to say, well – my elder sister in canonicals! – a Sister of Mercy! – as cheerful as possible & seeming to ﬁnd the life of privations congenial to her’ (FredemanMS). DGR draws JM (S.397). Proserpine (VI) arrives in Liverpool damaged with its glass broken. Leyland returns it. Graham asks DGR to ﬁnish Boat of Love. DGR raises the price to 800 guineas (Surtees 132; Fennell 56; FredemanMS). 3 (Wed) DGR sends an improved Monna Rosa to Leyland (DW 1240). 17 Birth of Ford Madox Hüffer (later Ford Madox Ford) (Thirlwell 220).

1874 CGR, in the winter, signs Gosse’s petition against part of the destruction of the New Forest, on ACS’s suggestion, after being assured that the land is not for building churches (Gosse 161).

264 A Rossetti Family Chronology

Publication includes ‘By the Sea’ and ‘An English Drawing-Room./ 1865’ (retitled ‘Enrica’ in her 1875 volume), in Picture Posies, by Arthur Houghton, John North and Frederick Walker, engraved by Dalziel; Annus Domini (includes ‘“Alas My Lord”’); Speaking Likenesses. Finance CGR’s account book shows income from Russian bonds and birthday gifts etc. totalling £38 15s 5d (on 28 August she exchanges Russian Bonds for 1 City of Boston So [£20]) (ADC 10:1). DGR WM considers giving up his share of Kelmscott because of ﬁnancial and work pressure, the dissolution of the ﬁrm and DGR’s relationship with JM. DGR leaves and is succeeded by Ellis as joint tenant (Mackail 1:236; Kelvin 1:222). DGR is annoyed when CAH fails to settle bills promptly, leaving DGR in ﬁnancial difﬁculties. Disagreement also arises with JAH to whom CAH sells eight Dante’s Dream drawings, which DGR fails to ﬁnish, DGR being unaware of CAH’s £200 transaction with JAH (FredemanMS). Publication includes reissue by Ellis of EIP as Dante and His Circle (dedicated to FMLR). Pictorial work includes • Oil Proserpine (S.233.R2) VII; Roman Widow (S.236); The Boat of Love (S.239), HTD researches and constructs medieval boat. • Crayon Roman Widow (S.236B); Marchioness of Northampton (S.403); TWD (S.529). • Chalk Cornforth (S.308–9). • Pastel Madonna Pietra (S.237). • Pen, Ink Proserpine (S.233.R1); Madonna Pietra (S.237A); Desdemona’s Death-Song (S.254C). Negotiations for the sale of Dante’s Dream to Valpy cause DGR anxiety. TWD gives legal advice. Difﬁculties arise over a written agreement because of Graham’s ofﬁcial ownership until the replica is completed. DGR insists on retaining copyright. FMB and JPS negotiate for the loan of the Llandaff triptych, so DGR can paint a replica. DGR offers to repaint the original. The request is refused (FredemanMS). MFR writes to LMB from the All Saints Sisterhood to describe her habit: ‘After leaving you yesterday, a vivid remembrance occurred to me of having heard you say something about putting “a mass of black” into my portrait during my absence. If this mass is my Habit, perhaps you would wish to know all the points in which my Profession will alter it.’ The letter is undated, but an unidentiﬁed hand has written in pencil 74 (ADC 13:9). WMR appears in a list, possibly a guest list for the private view of Whistler’s ﬁrst one-man exhibition, Flemish Gallery, Pall Mall (GUL NB4).

1874 265

Publication includes (ed.) The Poetical Works of William Blake. January CGR, ‘A Dirge’, Argosy (p. 25). DGR repairs Proserpine (VI). He supports FGS’s candidateship for post of Art Inspector at South Kensington Museum (FredemanMS). 1 (Thu) DGR returns to Kelmscott. Cecil Hake and FMB visit during the month (FredemanMS). 18 DGR contributes £20 to a subscription fund in aid of the younger Hannay children and attempts to gain support from J. L. Hannay (a police magistrate), Lord Derby, Ormsby and Dr Steill to send them to school (FLM 301; FredemanMS). February DGR paints Rosa Triplex (S.238) from May Morris. Marigolds is ﬁnished and bought by Graham for 650 guineas, Leyland having refused it (Surtees 132). The picture is cleaned and reglazed after a fall but is delivered in time for Graham’s daughter Amy’s wedding on 26 February. Parsons returns Proserpine (IV) and is refunded by DGR with 5 per cent interest. CAH reclaims over 30 photographs of DGR’s paintings being sold without permission from Parsons. DGR requests an account of sales (FredemanMS; Ford 317). 3 (Tue) CGR approaches AM with SL (Harrison 2:6). 4 AM proposes publishing CGR’s ﬁrst two poetry volumes in one collection, but CGR warns him that she can provide little additional material: ‘The ﬁre has died out, it seems; & I know of no bellows potent to revive dead coals. I wish I did.’ CGR earns a further £5 9s 0d for GM (Harrison 2:7). 10 Henry Pennell asks DGR if he can include ‘Match with the Moon’ in a small volume of ‘vers de société’ (ADC 10:11). 12 DGR writes to Henry Austin Bruce (Lord President, Council, British Museum), recommending FGS for the post of Assistant Keeper of Prints (FredemanMS). 25 JM and Jenny return to London. May stays at Kelmscott to sit to DGR (FredemanMS). March DGR is sent an anonymous gift of a Pietro Laurati predella panel, Resurrection, which DGR offers to MFR. DGR attempts to contact Mrs Cowper, sister of Thurston Thompson, regarding negatives she retains of his paintings. DGR seeks legal advice regarding Brass, his

266 A Rossetti Family Chronology

stable tenant, who has been sub-letting against their original agreement (FredemanMS). MFR tells DGR that LMB plans to paint or draw her portrait in her habit, and reassures DGR that convent life suits her (LMP 615–16; redated by FredemanMS). 4 (Wed) Wilding arrives at Kelmscott to model for Roman Widow. HTD accompanies her bringing Proserpine (IV) to copy details into it from Leyland’s version (FredemanMS). 5 Dante and His Circle is praised in Nation (pp. 159–60). 30 Pre-wedding evening party at 37 Fitzroy Square, with guests including WHH and GPB (Thirlwell 226–9). DGR, intimidated by the large numbers, does not attend (DW 1267–8). 31 Wedding of WMR and LMB at St Pancras Register Ofﬁce, witnessed by FMB and FMLR. Family and intimates only attend the wedding breakfast. DGR describes WMR and LMB as ‘cool as cucumbers’ (ADC 17:1; FredemanMS; Thirlwell 226–9). WM attends: ‘it enrages me to think that I lack courage to say, “I don’t care for either of you & you neither of you care for me, & I wont waste a day out of my precious life in grinning a company grin at you two old boobies”’ (Kelvin 1:218–19). LMB receives money from FMB’s inherited Greenwich wharf property as a marriagesettlement (SR 421, 529). Following the wedding, CP and EP move to 12 Bloomsbury Square (until September 1876) and CGR and FMLR visit them intermittently (Bell 65). April Publication of CGR’s Annus Domini (Harrison 2:8). DGR comments to FMLR on 16 April: ‘As far as I have seen the contents, I think them fervent & beautiful. I should judge it possible that the book might prove widely acceptable. I do not see much purpose in the note by Burrows at the beginning’ (FredemanMS). DGR is ‘excessively annoyed’ with CAH for selling Graham Loving Cup (S.201.R2), worked on by Knewstub. DGR takes repossession, intending to repaint it. CAH further upsets DGR by taking William Hutton Brayshay to see Cornforth and by buying a portrait from her for £100 for sale to Marks. DGR threatens to turn to Marks as a dealer if CAH won’t give him immediate cash payment for works. DGR is visited at Kelmscott by TWD, Hüffer, OMB and Edmund Hake (FredemanMS). 1 (Wed) WMR writes to FMLR: ‘I have not much to mention beyond what you will readily believe – my entire happiness.’ He and LMB leave London on their honeymoon, heading to Paris (ADC 13:4).

1874 267

6 9 10 12 16 17

20

21

c.23

24 25

30

WMR and LMB travel to Lyons (ADC 17:1). DGR attempts to renew the lease of Kelmscott for 7 or 14 years (FredemanMS). Leyland sends DGR £200 on account for Roman Widow (Fennell 62). WMR and LMB sail to Naples from Marseilles (ADC 17: 1). WMR and LMB visit Pompeii (ADC 17:1). In response to reading a happy letter from WMR to FMLR during his honeymoon, DGR declares: ‘No man deserves happiness more, or is better adapted to give & receive it’ (FredemanMS). AM makes CGR an offer for SL. CGR suggests Arthur Hughes as illustrator (Harrison 2:9). WMR and LMB take the steamer to Capri (ADC 17:1). Having asked for a loan of £200 from WBS, DGR immediately returns it (FredemanMS). WBS suspects DGR is testing whether WBS remains his true friend (Minto 2:179). CGR, FMLR and MFR are in Eastbourne with their aunts for their health, returning brieﬂy to London at the end of June before heading back to the resort. DGR writes to FMLR pleading for them all to visit Kelmscott instead. He praises the religious poem in Annus Domini (‘“Alas My Lord”’) as ‘most excellent, like all Christina’s religious poetry’ (FredemanMS). WMR and LMB are delighted with Vesuvius, which they visit (ADC 13:4, 17:1). Ecce Ancilla Domini! and Two Mothers (S.53) are sold at Christie’s. DGR gets Marks to bid, wanting the former sold for over £200. It is bought by Agnew for 370 guineas. At DGR’s request he sells it for £425 to Graham who sends it to DGR for revision and reframing (FredemanMS). WMR and LMB arrive in Florence, having visited Amalﬁ, Salerno, Paestum and Rome. TPR and his wife Isabella support WMR when LMB becomes ill with neuralgia. She is attended by Dr Duffy (ADC 10:11, 15:4, 17:1). Isabella offers homeopathic remedies (Thirlwell 229).

May New York Catholic World publishes an anonymous review of DGR’s poems by J. C. Earle (pp. 263–74). 13 (Wed) WMR and LMB return to 56 Euston Square where they inhabit rooms on the upper ﬂoor. Despite numerous attempts

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15 20

30

LMB ﬁnds herself unable to continue her profession as a painter, owing to the duties of marriage and, later, motherhood (ADC 17:1; SR 432). CGR writes to WMR relinquishing control of the housekeeping to LMB (Harrison 1:14–15). DGR writes to WMR about the proposed title of Nowhere for CGR’s collection of short stories: ‘Christina’s title seems unlucky because of that free-thinking book called Erewhon, which is “Nowhere” inverted. The title would seem a little stale: I should change it.’ DGR asks WMR if they can keep a bedroom for him at Euston Square so that he can come to stay. He is willing to furnish it (FredemanMS). DGR’s ‘Winter’ and ‘Spring’ appear in The Athenaeum (p. 730).

June DGR gives ﬁnancial support to Wilding who is in difﬁculties despite working as housekeeper and model. DGR has paid her almost £60 extra since September 1872. Interest is expressed in Tudor House; DGR is willing to move out if £3000 is offered to cover the lease, which expires in three years (FredemanMS). 3 (Wed) DGR attempts to purchase WM’s La Belle Iseult (1858) from OMB for £20 or exchange work (Parris 103). 6 WMR writes on Blake’s watercolour designs for Young’s Night Thoughts in Academy (p. 645). 9 DGR writes to TGH: ‘My brother’s married life since his & his wife’s return from Naples seems most happy & cheerful’ and that CGR seems ‘for the ﬁrst time to be really somewhat shaking off some of the most visible symptoms of her malady’ (FredemanMS). 13 DGR’s early translations of two lyrics by Niccolo Tommaseo are published in The Athenaeum (p. 793). Lucrezia Borgia does not feature in a sale of Leyland’s paintings at Christie’s as expected. DGR had instructed CAH to bid against other dealers up to £150 (FredemanMS). 26 DGR expects FMB, EMB, WMR and LMB at Kelmscott (FredemanMS). 31 FMB and EMB leave Kelmscott (FredemanMS). July CGR and FMLR stay at the All Saints Hospital, Eastbourne, as paying visitors, until around 20 August (Harrison 2:19).

1874 269

Dante and His Circle is reviewed in the London Quarterly Review (pp. 299–313). DGR works on Rosa Triplex. CAH buys Sancta Lilias (S.244C) for 250 guineas, payable on completion. Rae buys Lucrezia Borgia for 120 guineas and asks DGR to revise Heart of the Night (S.86.R1), the colour having altered. WMR and LMB spend a week at Kelmscott and DGR begins a chalk head of LMB (S.454) as a wedding present. Leyland, CAH and TWD also visit; DGR hopes TWD, in his capacity as a lawyer, will discuss the Valpy situation with CAH and himself. DGR leaves Kelmscott owing to business in London and the need to ﬁnish the Dante’s Dream replica (SR 357; Kelvin 1:222; FredemanMS). MFR writes to DGR a series of letters with detailed comments on the language and content of his sonnet ‘La Bella Mano’ and also on his Italian sonnet on Proserpina. She agrees with him that the Italian version is best: ‘But no wonder, for as it is thought & character that create language, thoughts that would more naturally take birth in an Italian than in an English character will of course ﬁnd their most ﬁtting expression in Italian’ (LMP 616–18). 10 (Fri) DGR offers a replica of Proserpine to Rae for 550 guineas (FredemanMS). Leyland sends DGR £188, completing purchase of Roman Widow (Fennell 67). 25 Academy reviews CGR’s Annus Domini (p. 95). 27 CGR writes to AM insisting on retaining the title SL, ‘this having met with some approval in my circle’ (Harrison 2:19). August Adolf Heimann dies suddenly (Harrison 2:20). DGR ﬁnishes Sancta Lilias. Craven sends DGR £196 5s 0d, concluding payment for Rosa Triplex (FredemanMS). FMLR is in Eastbourne (ADC 13:4). 9 (Sun) LMB gives one of her ﬁnal sittings for DGR’s chalk portrait (Thirlwell 28). 14 LMB miscarries her ﬁrst child. Dr William Gill of 43 Woburn Place attends (ADC 13:4). DGR visits Whistler’s one-man exhibition in Flemish Gallery, Pall Mall, which is ﬁnished but not dismantled (FredemanMS). September DGR sells Sancta Lilias to the Cowper-Temples, who extend more money than CAH. DGR offers CAH Damsel of the Sanct Grael (S.91.R1) for 450 guineas instead (FredemanMS). FMLR suffers ill health (Harrison 2:20). Death of HP from consumption (WMR Diary, ADC 15:2).

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28

30

(Mon) The dealer Brooks offers DGR money up front for pictures and exhibition space in his gallery (Howell L382–5). CGR writes to DGR that she has seen and admired Hughes’s illustrations to SL (Harrison 2:24). LMB suffers a relapse and goes to stay with FMB in Fitztroy Square to recuperate (FredemanMS).

October OMB is very ill. Dr John Marshall attends. LMB nurses him (ADC 10:11). DGR is anxious about CAH’s non-return of Salutation of Beatrice (S.116.R1), which DGR promised to retouch for Lady Ashburton. DGR entrusted the painting into CAH’s care during his absence: following water ingress at Northend, CAH sent the painting to KH’s cousin Lady Otway (Howell L396; FredemanMS). 1 (Thu) CAH attempts to persuade DGR to exhibit to increase sales (Howell L385). 5 DGR encourages Rae to buy Mary Magdalene (S.109.R2) from its present owner for £170, promising to retouch it for £200; Rae declines. CGR visits DGR’s studio for the day with FMLR and aunts, staying on to dinner. In a letter dated 1 October to DGR, she looks forward to seeing Proserpine again and viewing Veronica Veronese for the ﬁrst time (Harrison 2:27; FredemanMS). 18 WBS visits DGR and ﬁnds him depressed and lonely, but he has completed four or ﬁve pictures: ‘He will not read even the paper, but paints very constantly’ (LPI 311). 23 A meeting is held at 26 Queen Square to discuss the future of Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co., FMB and Marshall having withdrawn. WM, Marshall, Faulkner (chair), EBJ and Webb are present. DGR and FMB are absent. It is decided the ﬁrm should be dissolved (ADC 3:10; Kelvin 1:234–5). November Lady Ashburton’s 13-year old daughter, Miss Baring, keen to receive artistic training, sits to DGR. He suggests FMB takes her as a pupil (FredemanMS). 1 (Sun) SL published (Harrison 2:xlii). 4 Encouraged by DGR, CGR asks AM for a cancel to the title page of SL which, however, remained unchanged (Harrison 2:30–1). The last meeting of the ﬁrm is attended by WM, P. P. Marshall, Charles Faulkner, Philip Webb, TWD and

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5

12

21 29

White (WM’s solicitor). DGR considers giving JM his share of the settlement. He takes the side of FMB and Marshall over WM. TWD acts as legal advisor to DGR and FMB (Mackail 1:236; Kelvin 1:xxxviii, 211, 235). Death of OMB, aged 19, from pyaemia (blood poisoning), following a severe attack of rheumatic gout. In response DGR writes ‘Untimely Lost’ (SR 424–6; Hueffer 295; Harrison 2:24). OMB is buried at Finchley Cemetery (VP 219). DGR is present. LMB’s health is seriously affected by grief and nursing (FredemanMS). DGR, ‘Untimely Lost’, The Athenaeum (p. 678). Lady Ashburton having declined, Rae buys Damsel of the Sanct Grael for £500, DGR promising to make speciﬁed changes (FredemanMS).

December FMB, EMB and the Hüffers stay at Euston Square (FredemanMS). 4 (Fri) Upset by a letter from JAH to CAH, dated 11 January 1873, imputing ‘contemptible’ meanness to DGR, DGR ends his 13-year friendship with JAH (FredemanMS; Howell L396). 5 Review of SL in Academy (pp. 23–4). 12 DGR offers Leyland ﬁrst refusal on La Bella Mano at 1000 guineas (FredemanMS). 23 CGR writes to decline DGR’s Christmas Day dinner invitation, because of FMLR’s ill health. DGR had intended to complete his drawing of FMLR (Harrison 2:32–3). 26 Review of SL in The Athenaeum (p. 878): ‘would have been more original if Alice had never been to “Wonderland”’.

1875 CGR Because of difﬁculties in CGR’s relationship with LMB, CGR and FMLR lodge for much of this year with the aunts in 12 Bloomsbury Square (Harrison 1:438). CGR regularly visits the nearby British Museum’s Reading Room (e.g. Harrison 2:59). CGR ﬁrst starts reading Henry Vaughan’s poetry (Bell 336). Composition ?’“I toiled on, but thou”’ (or c.1884; Crump 3:509). Publication Goblin Market, The Prince’s Progress and Other Poems (revises, expands and rearranges the two vols; reprinted unchanged in 1879, 1882, 1884); ‘A Rose Plant in Jericho’, in F. G. Lee (ed.), Lyrics of Light and Life.

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Finance CGR’s account books shows a total income of £89 16s 3d, earned from publications, copyright sale, bonds (Boston Bond, Reversionary Interest Shares, Russian Bond) and birthday gifts (ADC 10:1). DGR JM later tells Wilfrid Blunt that her intimacy with DGR comes to an end (Kelvin 1:xxxix). Literary composition includes ‘Parted Presence’, ‘Bambino Fasciato’, ‘Et les larmes’, ‘Pro hoste hostem’, ‘Il faut que tu le tiennes pour dit’, ‘Barcarola’ (two versions), ‘La Bella Mano’ (English and Italian versions, according to WMR), ‘Hero’s Lamp’ and ‘Trees of the Garden’. Versicles and fragments: ‘Who shall say’, ‘Who knoweth not’, ‘Where the poets all’, ‘A Bad Omen’, ‘Even as the dreariest swamps’, ‘Or reading in some sunny nook’, ‘Aye, we’ll shake hands’, ‘And heavenly things’, ‘Though all the rest go by’, ‘What face but thine’, ‘With furnaces’, ‘And love and faith’, ‘For this can love’, ‘The forehead veiled’, ‘Thou that beyond thy real self’, ‘And plaintive days’, ‘To know for certain’, ‘Think through this silence’, ‘An ant-sting’s prickly at ﬁrst’, ‘And mad revulsion’, ‘His face, in Fortune’s favours sunn’d’, ‘The glass stands empty’, ‘O thou whose name’, ‘I saw the love’, ‘Or give ten years’, ‘And of the cup of Human Agony’, ‘Even as the Moon’, ‘The Imperial Cloak: Paludamentum’, ‘My Lady’ and ‘Last Love’. Begins prose tribute to ‘Samuel Palmer’ for Valpy’s critical catalogue (WDGR xxvi, xxix, xxxi–xxiii, xxxiii, xxxvii, 681). Pictorial work includes • Oil The Blessed Damozel (S.244, 1875–78; S.244.R1, 1875–79). • Crayon, Charcoal, Chalk, Pastel Astarte Syriaca (S.249C–F, 249H); Desdemona’s Death Song (S.254B, 254F); Dante’s Dream (S.A9); Mrs Alderson-Smith (S.265). • Ink Astarte Syriaca (S.249A–B). • Pencil The Death of Lady Macbeth (S.242); Orpheus and Eurydice (S.243); JM (S.401). DGR insists on retaining copyright. Criticism and acclaim WBS dedicates Poems (1875) to DGR, WM and ACS. James Carnegie Southesk anonymously attacks DGR and ACS in Jonas Fisher. Buchanan is suspected (Ghose 179–80). MFR Publication Translation from Latin of the Day Hours of the Roman Breviary The Day Hours and Other Ofﬁces as Used by the Sisters of All Saints (privately printed) (Arseneau 25). The Mother Foundress of the All Saints Sisterhood gave MFR this translation work during her noviciate (Mumm 26).

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WMR writes a letter of introduction for DGR to the French art critic Ernest Chesneau (ADC 2:4); assists Trelawny in the publication of his expanded Recollections of the Last Days of Shelley and Byron (Thirlwell 201); gives two lectures on Shelley’s Life and Writings at the Midland Institute, Birmingham; and publicises Shelley’s daughter’s account of ‘the wilful running-down’ of the schooner Ariel in which Shelley drowned (SR 376, 482–3). Publication includes Chaucer’s Troylus and Cryseyde … compared with Boccaccio’s Filostrato (part 1, transl. by WMR) (Bornand 44). January CGR’s ‘A Bride Song’ is published in Argosy (p. 25), for a fee of £2 10s 0d (copyright reserved) (ADC 10:1). LMB and WMR join FMB on his lecturing tour in Newcastle and Edinburgh. FMB introduces them to the painter Joseph Noel Paton (SR 495; Thirlwell 277). 22 (Fri) CGR approaches AM on behalf of CG to ask if he would consider publishing her manuscript of poems. He declines (Harrison 2:37–8). 26 AM informs CGR that SL has sold 1000 copies and she replies asking if they could revert to the half proﬁts system of payment. In the end, though, they keep to their initial agreement and AM sends CGR £35 for the copyright (Harrison 2:38–9, 43). 30 CGR and AM press forward with the plan for a reprint of her poems in a single volume. She asks for the ‘old terms’ of copyright and half proﬁt (Harrison 2:42). Macmillan sends CGR £4 2s 1d in proﬁts from GM (ADC 10:1). Towards the end of the month, CGR meets with BLS and sees her paintings of Algiers and Sussex (Harrison 2:41). February Edmund C. Stedman’s lengthy article on DGR appears in Scribner’s Monthly (pp. 426–38). 14 (Sun) Marks agrees to buy La Bella Mano (S.240) for 1000 guineas (FredemanMS). A farewell exhibition of FJS’s work opens in Manchester. DGR is a committee member (Mills 175–6). 15 DGR makes a half-length drawing of JM (S.A13). 16 CGR sends AM her manuscript for her reprint, together with the additional 36 new poems (Harrison 2:43).

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March Goblin Market, The Prince’s Progress, and Other Poems published by Macmillan (Harrison 2:xlii). DGR draws The Question (S.241), a memorial to OMB. Final arrangements are made for the dissolution of Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. FMB, Marshall and DGR are given £1000 compensation. The ﬁrm continues under WM’s management. FMB breaks with WM and EBJ. Because of LMB, WMR loses contact with these families. LMB causes further ﬁssures in relationships with ABH, Woolner, WA and GPB (SR 431, 441; Kelvin 1:249–50). 6 (Sat) A farewell banquet, organised by committee members, is held for FJS at Queen’s Hotel, chaired by Alderman King (Mayor of Manchester) (Mills 175–6). 28 (Easter Day) FMLR composes an Easter poem, ‘The bells are ringing out’ (ADC 6:18). April The art dealer Samuel J. B. Haydon encourages DGR to publish etchings of his designs regularly. DGR would rather have a one-off publication. DGR asks Haydon to print negatives of his pictures (FredemanMS). 2 (Fri)–4 JM, Jenny and May stay at Tudor House (FredemanMS). May DGR insists on measuring his own chloral, GGH having been giving him reduced measures. He refuses to allow CAH to bring strangers to his studio, seeing visitors by appointment only (FredemanMS). DGR meets Patmore after many years’ absence caused by Patmore’s aversion to ACS. No further contact is made despite friendly feeling (Champneys 1:88). 22 (Sat) WMR suggests writing a review of WBS’s poems in Macmillan’s Magazine, as part of a wider essay on poetry (RML 109–10). WMR’s aim was ‘to promote the repute of my old friend’ (SR 497). 26 DGR writes to Richard Watson Dixon, praising his poems, which he has only just discovered: ‘you are one of the most subtle as well as varied of our poets … the neglect of such work as yours on all hands is an incomprehensible accident’ (Sambrook 55; Dixon 331–2). June 17

(Thu) Roswell Smith, editor of Scribner’s Monthly, calls to see CGR at Euston Square (Harrison 2:47).

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July DGR ﬁnishes La Bella Mano and makes preparatory sketches for Madonna Pietra and Orpheus and Eurydice. WMR and LMB visit Belgium and Holland with FMB and EMB, chieﬂy visiting Antwerp (SR 432). TWD and GGH investigate properties in Seaford and Skegness for DGR. DGR offers assistance, through WBS, to the widow of the painter Richard Burchett (FredemanMS). 10 (Sat) WMR, ‘La Maison Keys’, Academy, pp. 47–8. 15 Inspired by Coleridge’s ‘Kubla Khan’, DGR makes a sketch for A Sea-Spell (S.248), intended as a partner to Veronica Veronese (FredemanMS). 16 DGR offers Leyland Pandora and Astarte Syriaca for 2000 guineas each and a new commission to replace La Pia, which has begun to crack (FredemanMS). 30? DGR invites FMLR to Chelsea in the afternoon so he can begin her picture and stay to dinner. CGR is also invited, along with WMR and LMB, to join them for dinner (FredemanMS). August CGR, MFR and FMLR stay for a month with the Superior at All Saints Mission House, Clifton, Bristol. CGR calls on DG several times and works on the proofs to her new poetry volume (Harrison 2:50–6). On their return, they lodge with the aunts until after LMB’s conﬁnement (Marsh 432). DGR begins Astarte Syriaca (S.249) for the photographer Clarence E. Fry (Surtees 146). He commences painting A Sea-Spell. DGR wants to buy a portrait by Rosa Corder, CAH’s mistress, whom DGR thinks of employing as a studio assistant and also recommends to FMB. DGR offers to revise Revd Moncure Daniel Conway’s Gate of Memory (S.100) and Christ study (S.109E) (DGR returns them in October). DGR helps TGH with proofs for New Symbols (FredemanMS). c.10 (Tue) DGR asks GFW for the oil sketch GFW made of him in exchange for a crayon drawing of Roman Widow (S.236B) (DGR claims he wants it for a present; according to M. S. Watts, DGR wanted it destroyed) (Watts 1:269; FredemanMS). 14 FGS’s ‘Pictures by Mr Rossetti’ appears in The Athenaeum (pp. 219–22), describing Proserpina, La Bella Mano, Roman Widow, La Ghirlandata, Astarte Syriaca and The Question in detail to compensate for their non-exhibition. DGR had sent FGS notes and accompanying poems (FredemanMS).

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21 24

27

28

30

WMR and LMB return to London (ADC 13:5). FMB, EMB and LMB’s cousin Lizzie Cooper (née Bromley), recently returned from India, stay at Euston Square (ADC 13:5). CGR writes to AM with suggestions about the arrangements for the illustrations for her new combined volume of GM and PP, as well as the colour for the cover (Harrison 2:54). DGR draws JM (S.400). DGR is surprised to receive from The Athenaeum proofs for his poems ‘Proserpina’ and ‘La Bella Mano’, not intended for publication. He agrees for them to appear anonymously (FredemanMS). CGR sends DGR an anti-vivisection petition. He returns it signed, although without agreeing to the cause because he believes chloroform relieves the suffering. On 10 September, CGR informs him that this is not the case and she tells him there are cruelties ‘of revolting magnitude’ to animals (Harrison 2:56).

September DGR searches Debenham’s list and puts advertisements in The Times, Telegraph and local papers for a suitable permanent residence. GGH ﬁelds responses (FredemanMS). 15 (Wed) WMR promises to help translate and publish Giovagnoli’s Spartaco, inscribed to DGR and WMR (ADC 10:11). 17 As a testament to their friendship, DG composes her tribute poem ‘To Christina Rossetti’, in response to CGR’s gift of ‘Autumn Violets’ with a note (‘With love, and in the hope of our meeting ere long’) (Harrison 1:191; Dorling 242). CGR receives £5 from Dalziels for SS (ADC 10:1). 20 LMB gives birth to Olivia (‘Olive’) Frances (ADC 10:11). 22 DGR is served a writ for non-payment from the butcher Taylor of Bampton. DGR blames GGH’s ‘negligence’ (FredemanMS). 28 HTD gets together bills from Arthur (contracted to carry out repairs at Tudor House), Brass, the builders Godden & Webb and Wimsett the gardener to show solicitors Lee, Pemberton & Reaves that £808 15s 9d has been spent on Tudor House since 1863 (subsequent to a surveyor’s report, DGR had been given three-months notice to repair ‘dilapidations’) (FredemanMS).

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October MFR is professed a full sister of the All Saints Sisterhood, after a twoyear noviciate (Harrison 2:67). 8 (Fri) Leyland sends DGR £188 to complete the purchase of Veronica Veronese (Fennell 74). 18 DGR and GGH rent Aldwick Lodge, near Bognor, for three months from Mrs Palmer. WFCT provided a reference. During this time, TWD and TGH visit; but WMR, LMB and Olivia are prevented, DGR refusing to admit the nurse. Cornforth is left in charge of Tudor House while HTD is away (Baum 65; FredemanMS). 19 ACS sends WMR ‘A Birth Song’ for Olivia (Lang 3:78), at WMR’s request, later published in The Athenaeum (19 February 1876, pp. 263–4). 23–31 LMB and Olivia go to Bournemouth at the recommendation of Dr William Gill. WMR joins them on 25 October. WMR feels ‘chary’ of approaching the Shelleys (ADC 10:11). November CGR, ‘An Alphabet from England’, St Nicholas Magazine (pp. 56–9), illustrated by Henry L. Stephens and earning her a £3 fee (ADC 10:1). WMR writes on WBS and modern British poetry in Macmillan’s Magazine (pp. 418–29). FMLR and CGR visit Aldwick. DGR makes a chalk portrait of CGR and sketches of Mary the housemaid for Blessed Damozel (ADC 13:5). DGR asks HTD to make sketches of dawn skies for Found (FredemanMS). 3 (Wed)–14 Wilding visits Aldwick to model for Blessed Damozel (FredemanMS). 4 Having been warned by CAH that Levy, a dealer with premises at 11 Howland Street, Tottenham Court Road, is looking for satisfaction with regard to two Turkish dresses that had not been paid for, DGR writes to Levy that HTD returned them some while back (FredemanMS). 7 FMLR and CGR attend the ceremony of MFR taking the veil (Baum 66). 8 DGR tells CAH he hopes to buy neighbouring Aldwick Place, which Baron Grant purchased for £5000, in exchange for ‘a daub or two’ (FredemanMS). 10 DGR tells FJS that he does not know what to contribute to an exhibition of chalk drawings that FJS and the Manchester philanthropist Charles Rowley are organising and asks that his case be viewed ‘indulgently’ (FredemanMS).

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12

14

15

18 24

29

30

Lizzie Cooper dies, having collapsed with apoplexy in St Paul’s Churchyard, Spence. Her corpse is brought to Euston Square. She is buried at Finchley, near OMB, on 16 November (ADC 13:5). LMB is much afﬂicted (Peattie 331). CGR is impressed with GGH’s tale The Mermaid’s Wedding that he has been reading aloud to all at Aldwick (FredemanMS). CAH wants 15 per cent commission on any sale with Grant. He tells DGR he has bought two chalk heads of DGR’s from Valpy for £70 (originally purchased at £15) to keep the market buoyant. Considering this favour and the £500 DGR owes him in works for draperies and other items, CAH wants DGR to give him the £90 owing as commission on Fry’s Astarte Syriaca: CAH has only received £120 of the agreed £210 (Howell L436). DGR offers drawings at Kelmscott and a replica of Blessed Damozel for cash payment over and above the cancelling of his entire debt. He is not willing to reduce Valpy’s monthly payments on Dante’s Dream, needing funds to ﬁnish Graham’s replica, but offers to deduct £90 from £430 still due for Beatrice (600 guineas) (FredemanMS). GGH accompanies FMLR and CGR to London before going to Kelmscott to collect DGR’s furniture (FredemanMS). JM joins DGR at Aldwick. She is unwell and unable to sit (FredemanMS). Dr Wilson Fox calls on CGR and declares her much better (Harrison 2:68). AM writes to Ellice Hopkins praising CGR’s poetry: ‘She is very subjective. But so ﬁne, I think. Every word tells enough and no more. I once told her that all her poems were so sad, and she said she did not wonder I felt it so’ (RML 116). DGR writes FMLR to thank CGR for sending him a copy of her early verses. Her new volume has, he thinks, ‘a quakerish tint’, and he criticises the plates (FredemanMS).

December DGR ﬁnishes the head of Astarte Syriaca from JM. He writes the limerick ‘There’s a customer known as J. Jirah’ to WBS. DGR is pestered with letters from the ‘devil Levy’ accusing DGR of buying a further Turkish dress through CAH. DGR seeks legal advice from TWD. DGR believes CAH to be ‘muddling’ dealings with Valpy, transferring £200 on account for Beatrice to Dante’s Dream. DGR considers taking out a lease on Aldwick Place, hoping WFCT will serve as referee. The project is abandoned, the purchase price being high, the house in need of repair, a studio block requiring erection and the sea eroding the estate wall; CAH attempts to

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secure a 21-year lease for £200 per annum without repairs. CAH arranges for Grant to view DGR’s pictures at Tudor House; La Bella Mano is suggested for purchase at 3000 guineas, CAH wanting to buy the painting from Marks to sell at a proﬁt (FredemanMS; Howell L449, L454). 3 (Fri) DGR writes to CGR with comments on the new material included in Poems, praising ‘Amor Mundi’, ‘Venus’s Looking-Glass’, ‘Love Lies Bleeding’ and ‘Conﬂuents’. He criticises the inﬂuence of EBB in ‘The German-French Campaign’ and ‘The Lowest Room’, whose inclusion he regrets. DGR also disapproves of ‘No thank you, John’, ‘The Queen of Hearts’ and some elements of ‘A Royal Princess’ (Harrison 2:72–3; FredemanMS). 7 CGR passes onto AM GGH’s offer to review her Poems in Hour and asks him to forward a copy to the magazine (Harrison 2:71). 10 JM leaves Aldwick, which she considers ‘dreary’ (Salmon 77). 14 CGR accepts DGR’s invitation to spend Christmas week with him at Aldwick Lodge, together with FMLR and the aunts (MFR refuses for religious reasons). CGR also thanks him for his praise of some of her poems and defends the ones he objects to (Harrison 2:74; LMP 618). 16 Work pressure means that DGR is unable to review TGH’s New Symbols for the January number of Fortnightly Review (FredemanMS). 18 Gosse’s review of CGR’s Poems appears in Examiner (pp. 1418–19). On 21 December, CGR writes to thank him and also to defend herself from some of his reservations, especially about the inclusion of some of her early lyrics (Harrison 2:75). 20 CGR meets CBC at the British Museum (Harrison 2:76). 21 DGR laments to TWD that CGR has published ‘The Lowest Room’ against his advice (FredemanMS). The following day, CGR writes to DGR ﬁnally regretting the poem’s inclusion (Harrison 2:76). 23 FMLR, CGR, CP and EP are expected at Aldwick. MFR cannot come (FredemanMS). TWD, TGH, GGH and Edmund Hake are also guests. According to TGH, MFR is present (Hake 229). 25 DGR thinks Christmas dinner is ‘a great failure’ because of seating, quality of food and poor service (FredemanMS). 30–1 DGR demands a clear 1000-guinea proﬁt for himself in the purchase and sale of La Bella Mano, but then, out of respect to Marks whose business transactions have always been fair, DGR wants CAH to drop negotiations (FredemanMS).

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1876 CGR Before August, CGR begins work for A. B. Grosart’s nine-volume edition of Edmund Spenser, tracing references to and quotations from Dante, Petrarch and Boccaccio. She is unable to complete the work because of ill health (Harrison 2:89–90; Bell 33). Publication includes ‘“Soul rudderless, unbraced”’ and ‘“Animuccia, vagantuccia, morbiduccia”’, in David Johnston (ed.), Translations, Literary and Free, of the Dying Hadrian’s Address to His Soul; Poems, new, revised and enlarged American one-volume edition (reprinted unchanged in 1882, and again in 1888 as vol. 1 of a two-vol. edition of three collections). Finance CGR’s account book shows an income of £37 9s 0d, from shares and bonds (Reversionary Interest Shares and Russian Bond), birthday presents and royalties (ADC 10:1). DGR breaks business relations with CAH (Howell 18). He begins dealings with the English Picture Publishing Company, run by Rowley, George Milner and FJS (Mills 204). DGR declines Coutts Lindsay’s invitation to exhibit at the Grosvenor Gallery. HTD makes an inventory of DGR’s medieval costumes. DGR shows anxiety, verging on paranoia, concerning the privacy of his correspondence (FredemanMS). Literary composition includes ‘A Death-Parting’, ‘Three Shadows’ and ‘Adieu’ (WDGR xxix). Pictorial work includes • Oil Domizia Scaligera (S.246). • Crayon The Blessed Damozel (S.244F); The Spirit of the Rainbow (S.245), DGR’s only full-length nude, illustrating TWD’s sonnet ‘The Wood-Haunter’s Dream’, according to Sydney Cockerell modelled by TWD’s mistress. • Pastel The Salutation of Beatrice (S.260A). • Chalk, Charcoal The Death of Lady Macbeth (S.242C); The Blessed Damozel (S.244B, S.244.R1A); Astarte Syriaca (S.249G), c.1876–77; Mnemosyne (S.261B). • Pencil The Blessed Damozel (S.244H–L, S.A16); Desdemona’s Death Song, undated but on mourning stationery watermarked 1876 (VP 165). DGR transforms Astarte Syriaca into Mnemosyne (S.261) and begins second version. Criticism Odysse Barot makes only passing reference to DGR in Histoire de la littérature contemporaine en Angleterre. DGR’s poems are caricatured anonymously by Frederick Pollock in Leading Cases Done into English by an Apprentice of Lincoln’s Inn.

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LMB Pictorial work includes • Watercolour Broadstairs, begun c.April 1876, dated 1879. • Medium unknown Female Life Study, unlocated (Thirlwell 176, 178). MFR is diagnosed with ovarian cancer by Fox (SR 427). WMR sets up a ‘free-will offering’ scheme to help Whitman, suffering from ill health and ﬁnancial insecurity. He also organises a subscription fund to promote Leaves of Grass (1855) and buy copies for public libraries (ADC 15:3; PRT 72). WMR becomes acquainted with: Harold Rathbone, studying under FMB; the architect and critic George T. Robinson and his daughter Mary (later Madame Duclaux); and Mrs and Miss Mabel Robinson. WMR obtains the agreement of Ward & Lock for Forman to use material in WMR’s Shelley edition in his forthcoming complete edition (SR 381, 487, 496). Publication includes (ed. with F. Hüffer) The Dwale Bluth, Hebditch’s Legacy, and other Literary Remains of O. M. Brown (without the intended tribute by DGR; FredemanMS). Writes on the Italian masters for Encyclopaedia Britannica; revises articles on Canova, Haydon and Murillo; and writes an account of FMB for the supplement (SR 472–3). January DGR develops his ‘Michael Scott’ ballad. He works on Astarte Syriaca, Graham’s Blessed Damozel and a cartoon for a ‘potboiler’ of a girl playing a mandolin. DGR returns Ghirlandata, borrowed from Graham. He asks HTD to enlarge Mary Magdalene (S.109) and make an enlarged cartoon of Found, corrected in proportion and perspective. CAH wants 300 guineas commission for the purchase of La Bella Mano from Marks for 1500 guineas and resale to Grant for 3000 guineas. CAH threatens to go straight to Marks over DGR’s head or via a third party. DGR makes further enquiries regarding Aldwick Place through an auctioneer in Brighton known to GGH’s uncle (Hueffer 305; FredemanMS). 1 (Sat) CGR and FMLR have a festive lunch with MFR, who had spent Christmas Day in the All Saints Sisterhood (Harrison 2:78). 4 DGR considers moving to Undercliff, Isle of Wight (FredemanMS). 8 ACS asks Andrew Chatto to send copies of his Erechtheus to WMR and CGR (Lang 3:104). DGR thinks he is left out because he failed to acknowledge Bothwell (1874) (FredemanMS).

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22

Very favourable unsigned review of CGR’s Poems in Academy (pp. 73–4), which terms CGR ‘the greatest living poetess of the Anglo-Saxon world’.

February DGR’s Pandora (S.224) is exhibited in Glasgow by Graham’s uncle against DGR’s wishes (ADC 13:5). DGR is anxious about his ﬁnancial situation. He fears a court summons from Levy (FredemanMS). 8 (Tue) DGR challenges CAH’s honesty, having discovered that CAH paid £15 for the dress from Levy but charged DGR £35. DGR agrees to pay Levy £20 and £15 in works (FredemanMS). 9 CGR receives nine shillings for Poems from Roberts Brothers (ADC 10:1). 14 CGR composes a valentine for FMLR, ‘“Fairer than younger beauties, more beloved”’, a tradition she continues yearly until 1886 (Crump 3:487). 17 CAH asks WMR to recommend him for the post of Director at Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge (PRT 70–1). March WMR, ‘William Bell Scott and Modern British Poetry’, Macmillan’s Magazine (pp. 418–29). JM, May and possibly Jenny visit Aldwick to model for Astarte Syriaca (Kelvin 1:289). 11 (Sat) WMR, ‘Blake at the Burlington Club’, Academy (p. 248). 14 WMR writes a letter in Daily News (p. 6), backing Buchanan’s call for a committee to collect subscriptions for Whitman’s complete works (13 March, p. 2); however, the paper refuses to take subscriptions (Lang 3:159, 170). 16 Fry questions DGR’s business transactions, CAH having sold him substandard sketches for £250 and ‘extracted’ a £200 cheque from him that was ‘dishonoured’. Consequently, DGR defends CAH and offers Fry alternative works (FredemanMS). 23 DGR refuses to send CAH any more pictures until CAH settles bills with tradesmen who have been seeking satisfaction from DGR. DGR threatens legal action (FredemanMS). 30 DGR requests no paintings by himself be admitted by Paton for exhibition at the Royal Scottish Academy (FredemanMS).

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April Fry plans legal action against CAH but promises not to subpoena DGR. A settlement is made when Fry discovers CAH did repay the £200 cheque to Fry’s ﬁrm. DGR is named as a potential witness in Buchanan’s libel action against ACS. Mary, DGR’s housemaid, leaves his employment with pretensions to become a model. DGR decides to remain at Aldwick, while TWD resolves payment in lieu of repairs at Tudor House. TWD reduces the bill from £1000 to £300; Pemberton is willing to forego payment if DGR leaves immediately. DGR looks for a suitable residence outside London. Negotiations are made for a house near Hawley, Surrey. St Ives is also considered. DGR is reluctant to give up Tudor House because of storage problems and the advantage of maintaining a London showcase. DGR’s income since April 1875 amounts to £3725 (FredemanMS; MarshDGR 491). LMB is at Broadstairs for her health with Olivia and EMB. She paints, exchanges frequent affectionate letters with WMR, and reads George Eliot (ADC 9:2). GGH sends CGR instalments of his stories ‘Tarquin’ and ‘Robinson Crusoe’s Dog’ (Harrison 2:84–6). 3 (Mon) Graham, complaining about the non-completion of long-standing commissions (Dante’s Dream, Blessed Damozel, Found and Boat of Love), refuses further payments and cancels one commission (FredemanMS). 9 DGR tells Leyland Bartram is to send Veronica Veronese, Proserpine, Roman Widow and Lady Lilith to his new house in Prince’s Gate. A Sea-Spell needs a little work, ‘only strings to instrument and some glazing’ (FredemanMS). 14 DGR conﬁdes his depressed state to Cornforth (FredemanMS). 15 WMR, ‘The Blake Catalogue’, Academy (pp. 364–5). 21 DGR attempts to interest Fry in a further 300–600-guinea commission (FredemanMS). 27 MFR moves to Clifton to undertake schoolwork for the Sisterhood until midsummer (Harrison 2:85) 30 DGR, in a morbid condition, tells TGH he wants to be cremated, not buried at Highgate; no cast is to be taken of his head; WMR and TGH are to execute his will drawn up by TWD; and his letters are to be burnt (FredemanMS). May Review of Goblin Market, the Prince’s Progress and Other Poems in Literary World (Boston), pp. 181–2.

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June DGR argues with Bartram regarding the frame for Mnemosyne, which DGR sends back for partial regilding and alteration (FredemanMS). 1 (Thu) WMR circulates a notice inviting correspondents to purchase Whitman’s works and thus boost his literary income (ADC 19:19). 26 DGR returns to London with GGH, having stayed away until after the Buchanan v. Taylor hearing on 21 June. Marshall writes a medical certiﬁcate for DGR (FredemanMS). 29 Summing up the case for the jury in Buchanan v. Taylor, Justice Archibald describes DGR, ACS and WM’s poetry as ‘deplorable’ in its degraded themes but criticises Buchanan for quoting the most sensationalist sections. The case is reported in Daily News (30 June–3 July) and The Times (3 July, p. 13). July DGR refuses to allow FMB to employ HTD part-time (FredemanMS). 3 (Mon) DGR gives Cornforth legal possession of GFW’s portrait of himself (FredemanMS). 6 Gosse sees CGR for the last time: ‘her life, during the last twenty years of it, was as sequestered as that of any pious woman in a religious house’ (Gosse 161). 14 MFR writes to CGR from All Saints, Clifton, that she has been feeling ‘very low’, although managing to go to vespers (FLCGR 56). Shortly afterwards, CGR and FMLR join her. While in Eastbourne, CGR paints sprigs on corners of notepaper to sell for the beneﬁt of the All Saints Mission House (Harrison 2:89). 21 CGR writes to encourage the American poet Louise Chandler Moulton to visit her at home next week. It is possible that Whistler, a school friend of Moulton’s, had introduced them (Harrison 2:88–9). 25 DGR asks Leyland to buy Mnemosyne for £500 or lend him £300 with the painting as security. Leyland agrees to the latter (FredemanMS; Fennell 78). 28 DGR arrives at Broadlands, Romsey, with GGH and HTD, at the invitation of WFCT and GCT (FredemanMS). He is given a quiet suite of rooms away from the central section

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of the house where a religious conference is taking place (ADC 13:5). August At Broadlands, DGR, suffering from insomnia and painful limbs, takes large doses of chloral. He is nursed by GCT and Mrs Wagstaffe, the family’s homeopathic clairvoyant (ADC 6:14). Companionship is found in Annie Munro (sister of Alexander Munro), governess of the CowperTemples’s adopted daughter Juliet. Georgina Sumner (wife of the Royal Master of Hounds) sits to him (S.521). DGR draws a head of GCT in chalk (S.525), intended as a gift but the Cowper-Temples insist on paying. DGR later promises a second when WFCT sends 100 guineas, twice the expected amount. The Cowper-Temples also want to commission a large work. HTD prepares a reduced Blessed Damozel (S.244.R1) for DGR to paint and provides sketches of cherubs. The Cowper-Temples search for suitable babies; ﬁrst a workhouse child and then Wilfred John Hawtrey, son of Revd H. C. Hawtrey (painted on 12 August). DGR gives the Cowper-Temples Sancta Lilias (S.244C) as a parting gift (FredemanMS). WMR, ‘Pre-Raphaelitism. Its Starting Point and Its Sequel’, Art Monthly Review (pp. 102–5). 1 (Tue) HTD returns to London from Broadlands (ADC 6:15). 23 CGR writes to LMB about her fears for MFR’s ‘very grave indisposition’. She also tries to improve her friendship with LMB (Harrison 2:90). 24 DGR relates to FMLR how much CGR’s Poems is appreciated by the Cowper-Temples and their guests; he has read many of them aloud in the evenings to them. MFR’s A Shadow of Dante is also admired (FredemanMS). 25 MFR is taken back to the Sisterhood with the All Saints Mother (Harrison 2:90). Sister Caroline Mary’s diary recalls that FMLR and CGR regularly visit her bedside for hours at a time, and that MFR is tended by nurse Annie and ‘was always calling her to her bedside in her Italian ecstatic way, “Oh, Annie, my Annie, come to me”’ (Mumm 32). DGR, GGH and Sumner travel back to London, where Sumner sits to DGR (FredemanMS). 26 CGR and FMLR return home from Eastbourne (Harrison 2:90). 28 CGR admits to ABH that she is dreading the move to Torrington Square because of ‘its long drawn-out physical fatigue’ (Harrison 2:91).

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September At the advice of GCT, DGR tries mesmerism, which appears to cure his limb pain (FredemanMS). LMB and children are in Ventnor with MS; LMB writes frequent affectionate letters to WMR (ADC 9:2). 15 (Fri) CGR writes to DGR on behalf of MFR, thanking him for sending some unidentiﬁed photographs (possibly of early Italian frescos). On 21, DGR sends MFR more photographs, this time from a Book of Hours (Harrison 2:92–3). Jenner and Marshall prescribe DGR two nights without chloral (FredemanMS). 21 MFR’s health is continues to cause great alarm. CGR and FMLR are constantly going between Euston Square and the All Saints Home in Margaret Street (Harrison 2:93). DGR tells FMLR his chloral intake is reduced by about half (FredemanMS). 27 CGR informs DGR that MFR’s illness seems to be terminal. Her dosage of opium is increased. MFR is resigned to death (Harrison 2:94). The following day, under chloroform, MFR is examined and found to have a tumour of the uterus. She deteriorates further (Harrison 2:94; Peattie 346; ADC 15:2). October Review of CGR’s Goblin Market, The Prince’s Progress and Other Poems in Catholic World (pp. 122–9), which discusses her as a Pre-Raphaelite poet, inferior to DGR except for her devotional poems. WMR, LMB and Olivia are on holiday in Newlyn, Cornwall; they hurry back when MFR undergoes a further operation (Harrison 2:99). DGR makes several visits to comfort his mother in Torrington Square. DGR rafﬂes Knewstub’s watercolour Bird-Fanciers in support of the artist, wife and seven children. HTD wins; £50 is raised (ADC 15:3). The Cowper-Temples contribute generously and buy another, Teetotum, for £50. DGR asks TWD to mediate with Fry, Lasenby Liberty claiming Fry intends to bankrupt CAH (FredemanMS). 1 (Sun) CGR and FMLR move from 56 Euston Square to 30 Torrington Square, together with the two aunts (FLCGR 211). The rent is a steep 100 guineas p/a (Bell 139). From around this time to 1885 CGR and FMLR make up to 50 large scrapbooks for hospital patients or children (Bell 54–5). 6 DGR visits MFR, accompanied by CGR who terms it ‘a very long loving visit’ (Harrison 2:96–7).

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CGR writes to WMR to prepare him for MFR’s death (Harrison 2:99). MFR has a second operation, but it offers her little relief and she declines further (Harrison 2:100–1). MFR makes her will (ADC 15:2). DGR asks FJS to help ﬁnd Knewstub an out-of-town house for £18 p/a (FredemanMS).

November 4 (Sat) CGR writes to AM offering him a manuscript of ‘Young Plants & Polished Corners’, eventually published as CS by the SPCK (Harrison 2:109–10). 15 WMR visits MFR, he fears for the last time. She tells WMR her principal motive in entering the Sisterhood was to obtain WMR and DGR’s conversion (ADC 15:2). 19 DGR visits MFR for the last time. She talks lucidly (FredemanMS). 24 Death of MFR. Sister Caroline Mary’s diary notes that ‘Hers was a very suffering death’ (Mumm 32). WMR reports that MFR saw angels before her death, including one that ‘she especially loved, who sang the praises of God day & night’, and that she also saw Christ in part and that he was ‘so beautiful’. MFR’s last words ‘come along’ are interpreted by CGR as an admonition to WMR and DGR ‘to follow her heavenward’ (ADC 15:2). DGR calls on WMR at Euston Square for the ﬁrst time since September 1875 (ADC 15:2). MFR leaves her estate to FMLR, mostly her inheritance from MMP: the legacy receipt, dated 5 January 1877, shows this to be £485 from stocks and £7 10s 0d as a ﬁnal quarter of a £30 life annuity (ADC 13:6). CGR possibly writes ‘A Life’s Parallels’ while in mourning for MFR (MarshCGR 439). FMLR composes an elegiac sonnet, ‘No longer hear the welcome sound’ (ADC 6:18). 26 CGR and FMLR visit the mortuary in Margaret Street to view MFR’s body, but are refused (Harrison 2:117). 29 Funeral of MFR. The service is held in the private chapel behind Margaret Street Sisterhood at 9 am, followed by a burial in Brompton Cemetery where the Order has a grave (Harrison 2:117, 120, 122). FMB attends, LMB is advised against, and DGR only attends the chapel on CGR’s urging. FJS offers support (ADC 10:11; SR 428; FredemanMS).

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At the end of the month, CGR writes to AB to thank her for her sympathy at MFR’s death and for her news that she is back in contact with DGR (Harrison 2:118). December CGR now writes letters ‘continually’ for FMLR (Harrison 2:120). CGR praises ACS’s Erechtheus (1876) for its ‘wealth of noble beauty’ (Harrison 4:417). DGR ignores CAH, who, attempting to heal the breach, writes a sympathetic letter regarding MFR (ADC 15:2). 2 (Sat) CGR writes to ABH expressing her belief in the resurrection through Christ and her wish that ABH, who is Jewish, would also seek such salvation (Harrison 2:121). Notice of MFR’s death appears in Academy (p. 540) and an obituary in The Athenaeum (p. 724). 3 WMR encourages CBC to apply to give the Dantesque lectures at University College, London (ADC 15:2). 5 (CGR’s birthday) CGR and FMLR receive a translation from Petrarch’s Ode 22 (‘Ah me! that comely face with earth is blent’) in memory of MFR. The translation is unsigned but in CBC’s hand, with the comment at the end ‘Sent us “in Memoriam” / dear Maria / 5th December 1876’ (ADC 13:11; another copy in 10:9). 9 Daily News erroneously claims DGR is to speak at a London conference opposing English intervention in Turkey (ADC 15:2). 16 DGR’s Blessed Damozel picture is ﬁnished, except for the predella promised to Graham (for which DGR thinks of extracting further money). Venus Astarte (commissioned by Fry for £2050) is nearly completed; visiting DGR, WMR comments: ‘I shd consider it below some of his previous pictures in delicate painting, or force of work: but, as an ideal whole, & for general impression of conception & composition, it seems to me to be probably his ﬁnest production. There is something in the design wh. reminds one a little of Blake’ (ADC 15:2).

1877 CBC publishes The Iliad of Homer. Homometrically Translated. CGR’s health is again poor, but it improves a little by the end of the year (Harrison 2:152, 154).

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Finance CGR’s account book shows her earnings total £53 10s 4d, from shares and bonds (Reversionary Interest Shares, Russian Bond, Union Bank of London shares), royalties and birthday gifts (ADC 10:1). DGR becomes increasingly reclusive, visiting only FMLR and CGR on a regular basis. He rarely sees WMR (SR 429). Literary composition includes ‘Astarte Syriaca’ (WDGR xxix). Pictorial work includes • Oil Beata Beatrix (S.168.R5); A Sea-Spell (S.248), painted as a pendant to Veronica Veronese for Leyland, modelled on Wilding, originally intended to illustrate Coleridge’s ‘Kubla Khan’; Mary Magdalene (S.250). • Crayon The Dulcimer (S.248A). • Pastel Forced Music (S.247), apparently based on a story by TWD and executed for him, possibly showing his mistress. • Chalk A Vision of Fiammetta (S.252B); The Blessed Damozel (S.A10). • Pencil A Vision of Fiammetta (S.252A). The English Picture Publishing Company produces the ﬁrst published photograph of a DGR picture, Perlascura (S.225). It also reproduces Silence (S.214) and La Donna della Finestra (S.255) (ADC 3:18; ACF 26). Criticism Thomas Bayne describes DGR in St James’s Magazine (vol. 32, pp. 415–30), as ‘a poetical Haydn’ and compares ‘Burden of Nineveh’ favourably against Smith’s ‘Address to the Mummy’. FLMR composes an elegy for her dead family members (ADC 6:18). January DGR ﬁnishes Astarte Syriaca (S.249). Rowley buys DGR’s Silence for 100 guineas. Comyns Carr and Charles Edward Hallé (secretary of the Grosvenor Gallery) attempt to persuade DGR to exhibit at the Grosvenor Gallery. DGR looks for new accommodation, the lease on Tudor House being about to expire. If renewed, the rent is to increase. The landlord intends to build in the garden (ADC 3:18; SR 335–6; FredemanMS). 1 (Mon) CGR composes ‘My Mouse’ (Crump 3:505), in response to a New Year’s gift from CBC of a preserved seamouse (FLCGR 65; ADC 10:9). CGR has been sending poems to DGR for his comments (possibly with a view to publication in a periodical) and now sends him a further unidentiﬁed poem, perhaps ‘A Life’s Parallels’ (Marsh 442; Harrison 2:124). TWD tells WMR that DGR is about to part with the secretarial services of GGH. DGR complains of his

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‘sluggishness neglectfulness and surliness’; WMR comments that GGH had ‘a good deal to put up with in [D]G[R]’s arbitrary temper & the continual presence & minor interferences of F[anny Cornforth]’ (ADC 15:2). As a result DGR also breaks with TGH. DGR is anxious that GGH returns keys, private letters, prescriptions and books (FredemanMS). A musicale is held at Edward and Chariclea Dannreuther’s, 12 Orme Square, at which DGR’s ‘Autumn Song’ is performed and printed in the programme. DGR declines to attend. Conway is ‘entranced’ and asks permission to quote from it in Idols and Ideals (1877) (FredemanMS).

February Review of Goblin Market, The Prince’s Progress and Other Poems in the International Review (pp. 109–10), which compares CGR unfavourably to Jean Ingelow. CBC’s letter to the editor on the subject of self-love and political partisanship is printed in Medley (No. 14), and signed Sui Ignarus. CGR copies it out (ADC 10:9). 9 (Fri) On Whistler’s invitation, WMR visits Leyland’s house to see Harmony in Blue and Gold: The Peacock Room. CGR receives £7 5s 2d from Roberts Brothers for Poems (ADC 15:2, 10:1). 14 CGR composes a valentine for FMLR (Crump 3:487). 28 LMB gives birth to Gabriel Arthur, born on the birthday of GR (Harrison 2:126, 127). March Fry is delighted with Astarte Syriaca. John Bernard Schott, Cornforth’s lodger, acts as DGR’s personal agent in his hunt for new accommodation. He ﬁnds several options in Fulham for less than £100 p/a but nothing suiting DGR’s requirements with regard to painting space, light and noise (FredemanMS). 6 (Tues) CGR agrees to DGR’s suggestion about reversing the ﬁrst two stanzas of ‘Mirrors of Life and Death’. She suggests that she herself will transact business directly with The Athenaeum. Around this time she also sends him ‘Soeur Louise de la Miséricorde’ (Harrison 2:125–6). CGR is housebound and ‘more than ordinarily unwell’ (WMR Diary, ADC 15:2). 10 CGR further revises ‘Mirrors of Life and Death’ according to some of DGR’s suggestions, and adds more lines (Harrison 2:126).

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28

The Times (p. 4) claims DGR is prevented by ill-health from exhibiting at the Grosvenor Gallery. DGR denies the assertion (27 March, p. 6). CGR’s ‘Mirrors of Life and Death’ is published in The Athenaeum (p. 350), earning her £10. CGR sends a copy to GGH (Harrison 2:130; ADC 16:9). DGR’s Christmas Carol (S.195) is sold to Rae at Christie’s; DGR insists on retouching it (FredemanMS). WMR and LMB arrive at Hastings and ﬁnd lodgings at 3 Caroline Place. EMB and CMB are staying nearby. FMB joins them 3 April (ADC 13:5).

April Fry attempts to exhibit Astarte Syriaca at the Grosvenor against DGR’s will. Bowman complains about pigment deterioration in La Bionda del Balcone (S.114.R1). DGR repaints the face (FredemanMS). 3 (Tue) WM asks DGR to join the committee of the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings. EBJ, Webb, Henry Wallis, GPB, Edward Poynter, FGS and Sidney Colvin have done so already. According to WMR, DGR possibly joins the membership but not the committee. WMR becomes a member on 20 April (ADC 10:10, 15:2). 14 CGR views BLS’s pictures, particularly admiring Deserted Garden, Sunset and Mist (Harrison 2:128–9). FGS discusses Blessed Damozel, Astarte Syriaca and A Sea-Spell and prints DGR’s sonnets to the latter two in The Athenaeum (pp. 486–7). 24 Wilding sits for Hero, which DGR is painting for Leyland (FredemanMS). May DGR resumes his Dante’s Dream replica (FredemanMS). 7 (Mon) WMR and LMB attend the start of the Wagner Festival in the Albert Hall (ADC 15:2). 8 DGR offers to take WBS’s picture, rejected from the RA, into his studio to help ﬁnd a buyer. He is keen that the cause of rejected pictures be taken up in The Times (FredemanMS). 17 The ﬁrst of LMB’s ﬁve ‘at homes’, to which she invites 160 people (ADC 15:2).

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31

J. Bell & Co. of 338 Oxford Street writes to DGR expressing concern at the amount of chloral he is taking (FredemanMS). WMR and LMB hold a party for 30 friends, including the Scotts and Edmund Gosse (LPI 322).

June Following an operation on his hydrocele, DGR’s health deteriorates, aggravated by large doses of chloral (180 grains/day) and anxieties over accommodation, ﬁnances and picture sales. He suffers from backache (paints in a cushioned chair), palsy in hands and legs, and depression (FredemanMS). 3 (Sun) WMR, who has been at work for several months on his Shelley edition proofs, visits Trelawny for the ﬁrst time this year. They discuss Blake (Trelawny rebukes WMR for not treating Blake’s wife with enough honour in his memoir of Blake) and Harriet Shelley (whom Trelawny also champions) (ADC 15:2). 21 WMR ﬁrst meets Philip Bailey, who calls on him at Somerset House (ADC 15:2). 22 WMR calls on DGR, who is recuperating after his operation: ‘the excessive doses of chloral that he takes retard his recovery’. Dr Marshall recommends the gradual cessation of chloral altogether, but WMR doubts whether this will be possible (ADC 15:2). 24 WMR consults John Polidori’s diary for information about Shelley and Byron’s trip to Geneva. He is disappointed that CP has deleted ‘improper’ passages, but concludes that the Geneva trip ‘was planned for the purpose of enabling Miss C[lairmont] to resume her intercourse with B[yron]’ (ADC 15:2). 26 WMR visits the exhibition of Byron relics at the Albert Hall (ADC 15:2). 28 Another of LMB’s ‘at homes’. The party includes the Ormes, Leylands, Forman, Philip Bailey, Gosse, Whistler, FMB and Mathilde Blind (ADC 15:2). July Later this month, LMB and family are on holiday in Gorlestone-on-Sea, Norfolk. WMR joins them part of the time, returning on 5 August. LMB returns on 4 September (ADC 15:2).

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(Mon) WMR and LMB visit Trelawny. WMR is shown documents relating to Shelley and Byron’s deaths (ADC 15:2). CGR writes to Margaret Raine Hunt: ‘I have almost retreated from social engagements … from motives of health and of convenience’ (Harrison 2:133). HTD asks FMB to visit; DGR is ‘yearning to see his old friends’. Marshall recommends DGR moves out of London. A house is looked for near Margate. HTD wants a ‘relay’ of friends to stay with him (ADC 1:2). FMLR and EP visit the Grosvenor Gallery (Harrison 2:134).

August EMB, WMR, LMB and family stay at Marine House, Gorleston. FMLR considers taking DGR, as Marshall orders him out of town; in fact, FMLR and CGR postpone their plans to vacation in Eastbourne and nurse DGR instead (ADC 13:5, 9:2; Harrison 2:135). 12 (Sun) WMR, Leyland and FMB spend the evening at DGR’s. FMB tells WMR that he considers DGR to be ‘rather waning as a colourist & disposed to over enforce dark shadows etc, as in the Hero’ (ADC 15:2). 14 CGR and FMLR visit DGR in Chelsea and ﬁnd him ‘greatly depressed’, but able to sit in the garden and play chess (Harrison 2:138). 15 Mrs Mitchell, a nurse ordered by Marshall, attends DGR (ADC 15:2). 16 ‘By a great effort’, FMB and WMR remove DGR to FMB’s house, before heading onwards to Herne Bay the following day, where he stays at Mrs Joiner’s, East Street (ADC 15:2). 18 DGR and FMB move to Mr Sands’s farmhouse at Hunters’ Forestall, Mrs Joiner having complained about their baths, late dinners and diet of poached eggs and macaroni. DGR, happier, talks of painting again (Mills 213–14; Hueffer 319–20). 23 FMB writes to FJS that after only six days DGR walks three miles, sleeps well, and is ‘an altered man’ (Mills 213). 24 CGR and FMLR join DGR at Sands’s, replacing FMB. They leave little room for visitors (ADC 6:14, 13:5). CGR writes regularly to WMR with news of DGR’s health. 26 FMB leaves Herne Bay, ﬁnding DGR ‘difﬁcult to manage’ with FMLR and CGR present (Hueffer 319–20); he visits WMR to report on DGR’s health and ‘gives a moderately

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encouraging account’. DGR’s chloral is reduced from 180 grains per night to 70; each night this dosage is further reduced by two grains (ADC 15:2). FJS visits and stays in DGR’s room, a difﬁcult arrangement, DGR being restless at night (Mills 213). CGR tells WMR her great concern about DGR’s chloral intake (Harrison 2:137, 140).

September DGR draws FMLR (S.451). His chloral and wine intake continue to be reduced. According to Bowes, a local doctor, DGR’s shaking hands will improve with abstinence from chloral. DGR suffers from shingles. He takes seawater baths and, following FJS’s example, three teaspoonfuls of charcoal daily. The Cowper-Temples and Leyland offer to open their homes to him. TWD, HTD and FMB inspect Arundel House, Percy Cross, Fulham, for him. DGR returns to the notion of building a garden studio at Tudor House, considering a wooden one like Hubert Herkomer’s. FJS attempts to secure picture sales for DGR with Agnew. TWD tries Ellis. DGR is anxious his studio remains locked, worried about the disappearance of letters. TWD stays at Tudor House during HTD’s absence with lumbago (ADC 6:14; FredemanMS). 1 (Sat) Keningale Cook, the new editor of Dublin University Magazine, writes to encourage WMR to contribute (ADC 15:2). 3 FJS returns from Herne Bay and reports DGR has not resumed drawing (ADC 15:2). TWD arrives and takes walks with CGR, encouraging her to see her ﬁrst sunrise. TWD also encourages DGR to draw again, by asking him to sketch WBS’s ‘bald pate for us’; CGR and FLMR also ask for their portraits in chalk (Marsh 445–6; TWD 361–2). 4 WMR receives proofs of his Lives of Famous Poets (ADC 15:2). DGR advises Cornforth to ﬁnd an alternative position, envisaging he may have to give up work and stay with FMLR and CGR. Cornforth replies recounting the cruel way she has been treated by DGR’s friends, particularly HTD. She suspects DGR is tired of her. With a loan from Schott, she leaves 36 Royal Avenue and becomes the proprietor of the Rose Tavern, 96 Jermyn Street (FredemanMS). 10–17 TWD stays at Herne Bay, sleeping on a folding-bed in the diningroom so DGR will not disturb him (FredemanMS).

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WMR sends his Shelley lectures to Keningale Cook and also recommends CGR, PBM and Mathilde Blind (WMR Diary ADC 15:2). DGR tells TWD that FMLR and CGR have offered to come and live with him. He thinks of giving the ﬁrst ﬂoor for their use, but worries that his lifestyle will ‘scare’ them. He is particularly concerned about Cornforth whom he describes as ‘almost necessary to me’ (FredemanMS). DGR begins a crayon head of FMLR ‘and ﬁnds himself as competent as of old’ (ADC 15:2). Shortly afterwards, he also draws CGR (S.431–3).

October HTD inspects a house near Shepherd’s Bush Green for DGR (FredemanMS). ABH’s daughter Henrietta commits suicide (Harrison 2:147). 5 (Fri) DGR offers Rae Water Willow (S.226) for 300 guineas. The paint is cracked, necessitating relining and retouching, when sent to Rae for inspection. Rae declines, being overstretched ﬁnancially with building a house. DGR tries William A. Turner, a Manchester cotton manufacturer (FredemanMS). 9 WMR writes a very positive notice of FMB’s Cromwell Protector of the Vandois for Academy (ADC 15:2). DGR passes CGR’s ‘An October Garden’ to TWD for submission to The Athenaeum, asking for his mediation (FredemanMS). 11 CGR writes to WMR of her fear that DGR may acquire additional chloral for himself, contrary to doctor’s orders (Harrison 2:146). 16 HTD calls on WBS and tells him about DGR’s chloral intake and paranoia (LPI 325). DGR writes to TDW that his portrait of CGR, just begun, ‘will be a very good likeness I believe’. On 17 October he writes to FMB that the portrait ‘promises to be one of the best things I ever did’ (FredemanMS). 19 Edward Silsbee, an American and Shelley collector who visited Claire Clairmont at Florence, calls on WMR and passes on some salacious gossip about the Shelley circle, including rumours about the discreditable widowed life of Mary Shelley (ADC 15:3). 27 CGR’s ‘An October Garden’, written in Herne Bay, is published in The Athenaeum; she receives £5, copyright reserved (Harrison 2:146, 161; ADC 10:1).

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29

CGR writes to LMB with news of DGR’s alarming acquisition of chloral from Dinneford’s. She asks that any suggestions about his health be sent directly to him to counter any sense of pre-arrangement (Harrison 2:148). Claire Clairmont writes to WMR from Florence that she regards his 1870 memoir of Shelley injurious to her interests and wishes that nothing will be said about her in the reissue (ADC 18:17, 15:3).

November DGR is plagued by ﬁnancial worries aggravated by his absence from work (SR 426). He receives a lawyer’s letter from the artists’ colourmen Winsor & Newton regarding unpaid bills. He is anxious about moving. He works on Risen at Dawn (S.253), covering Gretchen’s shoulders for Valpy, who is concerned about the nudity (ADC 15:2; FredemanMS). 7 (Thu) WMR and LMB hold a dinner party for friends, including the Scotts, PBM and CBC. WBS writes to AB: ‘A rum lot it was, and a very scrimp entertainment in the way of dinner at 7 … As Letitia said it was like a collection of incurables’ (LPI 323). 8 DGR, CGR and FMLR return to London. CGR is unwell. CGR and FMLR give a ‘very tolerable account’ of DGR; he is to part from his nurse and they worry he will increase his chloral intake (now at 30–40 grains) (ADC 15:3; FredemanMS). 9 Rowley attempts to persuade DGR to exhibit in London next year, offering to make arrangements (ADC 3:18). 10 WMR visits DGR and ﬁnds him much improved. He admires the portraits of CGR and FMLR executed in Herne Bay (ADC 15:3). c.14 CGR consults Jenner, who warns her that she has a heart condition and prescribes digitalis, which seems to help (ADC 15:3). 15 CGR writes to Kenningale Cook offering ‘Yet a Little While (“Heaven is not far, tho’ far the sky”)’ for publication in Dublin University Magazine and asking to retain copyright ‘as is my constant custom’ (Harrison 2:150). DGR says farewell to JM who is departing for Oneglia, on the Italian Riviera, on 19 November. He asks her to write as soon as she arrives (FredemanMS). 19 WMR, FMLR, EP and TWD dine at Cheyne Walk. DGR ‘seems very well’, but ‘vexed’ about his projected house move. CGR too ill to go out (ADC 15:3).

1877 297

23–4, 27

MS sits for Vision of Fiammetta (S.252). DGR admires her daughters, Efﬁe, Lisa and Bella, who show artistic inclination. He gives MS pictorial advice (FredemanMS).

December Schott negotiates with McLean for the sale of Margaret for 600 guineas (copyright included). GCT draws HTD’s attention to George Macdonald’s house, The Retreat, Hammersmith Mall, soon to be vacant; it proves unsuitable because of its remote location and garden that is prone to ﬂooding. Recommended by FJS, GGH visits a house in St John’s Wood and others in the neighbourhood. DGR is interested in Topham’s house, Hampstead, and thinks of looking in Brixton or Peckham (FredemanMS). Later this month CGR writes to DGR suggesting clematis ﬂowers for his Vision of Fiammetta. He uses apple blossom in the end (Harrison 2:157). 5 (Wed) As part of a series of lectures initiated by Denis F. MacCarthy, WMR delivers a Shelley lecture, originally given at Newcastle, to an audience of around 30, including Dr Richard Garnett, TWD, Walker, John Byrne Leicester Warren, Mathilde Blind. MacCarthy is impressed with WMR’s impartiality (ADC 15:3). FMLR writes a birthday verse for CGR (ADC 6:17, 15:3). 11 MS has her last sitting to DGR before leaving on 20 December to join WJS in Turin. She asks DGR to visit (FredemanMS). 12 CGR writes to AM asking for information about the sales of Poems (1875) (Harrison 2:152–3). 14 DGR sells Proserpine (new version created from head and hands of Proserpine VI), Vision of Fiammetta and Water Willow to William A. Turner for 1500 guineas. DGR promises to sign Turner’s volume of Moxon’s Tennyson that initially ﬁred up his enthusiasm (FredemanMS; Surtees 132). 18 CGR receives £2 15s 2d as ﬁnal payment from Macmillan for the second edition of GM. AM tells her, however, that proﬁt from the new edition of Poems is offset against the losses of PP (ADC 10:1; Marsh 461). 20 WMR still engaged on proofs for Shelley edition, Lives of Famous Poets and Trelawny’s Recollections of Shelley, Byron and the Author (1878). He calls at Liberty’s Japanese shop in Regent Street where the shopkeeper praises WMR as ‘about the “ﬁrst pioneer” in caring for & upholding

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25

31

Japanese work – wh. pleased me not a little’ (ADC 15:3). DGR returns to work on Hero for Leyland. DGR offers to paint another picture for Leyland, possibly a family portrait, to cover £500 advanced him (£220 for Hero). DGR writes to Mrs Maenza regarding his precarious ﬁnancial situation; he can only send her money when the need is urgent (FredemanMS). FMLR and CGR dine with DGR at Tudor House. LMB hosts an alternative Christmas dinner at Euston Square, which CP and EP attend; FMLR does not want to refuse DGR considering his state of mind (ADC 6:14; FredemanMS). WMR and LMB dine at Cheyne Walk; CGR and EP are too unwell to attend. DGR comments that Turner is now his best purchaser (ADC 15:3). Graham asks for a predella to be added to Blessed Damozel (S.244).

1878 Amelia Blanford Edwards’s edition of A Poetry Book of Modern Poets, containing poems by DGR and CGR, is published by Bernhard Tauchnitz. In 1879 an English edition is brought out (Harrison 2:174). CGR ?Augusta Webster asks CGR to support the suffrage bill before Parliament that would make women rate payers eligible for the vote. In two incomplete letters, CGR outlines her case against women’s suffrage, on the basis of the Bible’s ‘unalterable distinction between men and women, their position, duties, privileges’, yet she also admits that there is a case for women MPs and that mothers should be included in the suffrage (Harrison 2:158–9). At DGR’s suggestion, CGR offers the manuscript of Young Plants and Polished Corners to another unidentiﬁed publisher, who rejects it because ‘the time was not right’. In response to this news, on 7 February, Dr Littledale sends CGR doggerel verse in sympathy: because of ‘war’s alarums’ ‘frighted Muses ﬂy’ (Marsh 454). CGR presents WMR with a copy of Il Losario: Poema Eroica Romanzesco di Ser Francesco Polidori, ed. GP (Firenze, 1851), containing two lithographs by DGR of Francesco Polidori and GP, executed before 23 December 1853 (FRC 70a–b). Composition includes a harmony on 1 Corinthians 13, during Lent, and perhaps suggested by Dr Littledale (Marsh 456). Publication includes ‘Husband and Wife’, in A Masque of Poets. Including Guy Vernon. A Novelette in Verse; ‘Freaks of Fashion’, in

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Routledge’s Every Girl’s Annual (pp. 326–8), for a fee of £3 3s 0d (ADC 10:1). Finance CGR’s account book shows her income to be £44 0s 6d, made up of shares (Reversionary Interest Shares, Union Bank of London shares), royalties and birthday gifts (ADC 10:1). DGR FMB asks DGR to employ Rebecca Solomon, who is struggling ﬁnancially, as a studio assistant. DGR supports TWD’s literary efforts. TWD acts as legal advisor to DGR, particularly regarding negotiations for the lease of Tudor House. DGR encourages William Sharp, recently returned from Australia, to give up his career as a clerk and become a poet/writer. THC, a 25-year old Liverpudlian architect with literary inclinations, meets Bailey at Borrowdale Hotel, Lake District. Bailey inspires THC to buy DGR’s Poems (1870). THC devotes three winter lectures to DGR (Allen 60, 111). DGR collects rare coins of British monarchs (FredemanMS). Literary composition includes ‘Chimes’, ‘The Last Three from Trafalgar’ and ‘Del mare il susurro sonoro’. Begins ‘The White Ship’. Makes notes on WBS’s Memoir of David Scott (1850) (WDGR xxvi, xxix, xxxiii, xxxvii). Translation includes ‘Francesca da Rimini’ from Dante (WDGR xxxv). Publication Luigi Gamberale publishes an Italian version of ‘Last Confession’ in Un’ultima Confessione: novella tradotta dall’inglese (p. 32) (Ghose 190). Pictorial work • Watercolour A Vision of Fiammetta (S.252C). • Pen and ink Desdemona’s Death Song (S.254), c.1878–81. DGR buys back Arthur’s Tomb (S.73) anonymously from George Butterworth for £30 and sells it to Graham. FJS negotiates the purchase and makes a copy (Mills 234). DGR ﬁnds attempts to photograph his paintings ‘a ghastly failure’ since that of Parsons (FredemanMS). Criticism Léo Quesnel writes an article on Pre-Raphaelite poetry in Le Correspondant (vol. 110, pp. 807–10), demonstrating DGR’s relative obscurity in France (Ghose 188–90). WMR continues to call on Trelawny several times for Shelley and Byron conversations, memorabilia, manuscripts and gossip (especially about the conduct of the women of the circle) (WMR Diary ADC 15:3). At the request of Trelawny, WMR visits Gérôme’s studio in Paris to discuss the burning of Shelley’s corpse near Viareggio. WMR sees Edward A. Silsbee, an American Shelley and Japanese enthusiast from Florence. WMR is afﬂicted with gout (SR 376, 439, 511,187). From

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1878 to 1895: WMR frequently writes for The Athenaeum, mainly on Shelley and Italian literature (Peattie xviii). Publication includes (ed.), The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley, 3 vols (WMR respects Claire Clairmont’s wishes to omit details of her relationship with Byron); Lives of Famous Poets. He reviews Richard Herne Shepherd’s editions of Longfellow’s early poems and Ebenezer Jones’s Studies of Sensation and Event (1878). WMR describes Shepherd as a ‘literary vampire’, resulting in libel action against The Athenaeum (SR 383–5, 469–72). LMB Pictorial work includes • Watercolour Charmouth, Dorset. January CGR, ‘Yet a Little While’, Dublin University Magazine, earning her £1 1s 0d (copyright reserved) (ADC 10:1). Lee & Pemberton gives DGR the option to renew the lease of Tudor House for seven years at £200 p/a. An advertisement board is to be erected offering the garden for sale or let for building purposes. DGR is willing to pay £300 for ‘undisturbed occupancy’. DGR offers aid to William Cartledge, a Mancunian commercial traveller, known to DGR in the 1850s, and recommends him to Rowley as a bookkeeper. DGR and FJS are in frequent correspondence regarding Smetham, who suffers a mental breakdown. DGR expresses his resentment of JAH; WMR regretfully breaks off connections with his friend (Mills 227; FredemanMS). 1 (Tues) WMR is approached about the post of Secretary to the National Gallery (he applies, but it is given to Charles Eastlake) (WMR Diary, ADC 15:3). 5 LMB leaves for a week at Eastbourne, along with Olive and nurse (ADC 15:3). 10 WMR refuses an application for money from Elizabeth Martin (formerly Rovedino) (ADC 15:3). 23 CGR, who continues to be an active anti-vivisection campaigner, sends forms for signatures to Margaret Raine Hunt (Harrison 2:160–1). 25 DGR writes Cornforth a certiﬁcate conﬁrming her legal ownership of all pictures and furniture, formerly belonging to DGR, now in her possession (FredemanMS). 28 WMR has more commissions from Encyclopaedia Britannica (ADC 15:3).

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February DGR ﬁnishes Valpy’s Bruna Brunelleschi (S.251) and Graham’s Blessed Damozel predella. TWD negotiates with CAH who claims £500 from DGR. DGR offers to pay £100, over which Brayshay threatens CAH with bankruptcy. DGR takes Smetham’s recent paintings into his studio, touching up unﬁnished ones and approaching potential buyers. He offers Smetham advances on purchases, intending to buy one himself if necessary, and proposes to raise funds for Smetham to go to Italy (Mills 227–8; FredemanMS). WMR’s lecture on Shelley published in Dublin University Magazine (pp. 138–55; March, pp. 262–77). 9 (Sat) DGR sells a watercolour replica of Proserpine to Ellis for £262 (Surtees 132). 14 CGR composes a valentine for FMLR (Crump 3:487). 21 WMR meets RB at a concert of the Gluck Society. RB tells him of a mistake made by Shelley editors (WMR included) in transcribing ‘here’ instead of ‘year’ in the ‘Two Poetical Characters’ (ADC 15:3). 25 DGR sells Smetham’s Morning to Vernon Lushington for 65 guineas (FredemanMS). 27 The Cowper-Temples buy Smetham’s St Peter’s Protestation for £100. Hallé offers DGR exhibition space at the Grosvenor Gallery; DGR declines, recommending WBS instead (FredemanMS). March DGR works on Vision of Fiammetta (S.252) and Pandora (S.224.R1A). Turner buys two of Smetham’s paintings, including Emmaus for £70. DGR is upset to ﬁnd Brass advertising his stables for let without authority (FredemanMS). 1 (Fri) DGR tries to interest Aglaia Coronio and Constantine Ionides in Smetham’s works (FredemanMS). WMR resumes, after an interval of two years, his Shelley autobiographical compilation (ADC 15:3). 2 A reluctant Graham buys Smetham’s Nymphs in Twilight Shade for £75, DGR having promised to reduce his Blessed Damozel predella by £50 (FredemanMS). 24 DGR’s lease of Tudor House expires. It is renewed for three months (ADC 15:3). 27 WMR calls on RB to see a painting submitted by his son Pen for the RA. WMR admires his talent (ADC 15:3).

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April DGR approaches CGR for suggestions regarding potential purchasers of Smetham’s paintings. She suggests EH (Harrison 2:162–3). LMB resumes her picture of Clarissa Harlowe, and also draws from a model in FMB’s house (ADC 15:3). 9 (Tues) CGR’s eyes have signiﬁcantly weakened and she has lessened the amount of reading and needlework she does in the evenings (ADC 15:3). 10 WMR and LMB see Ruskin’s Turners, now exhibited at Bond Street: ‘a glorious sight’. They then visit DGR and view his works in progress, including Blessed Damozel and Vision of Fiammetta. Since WMR last saw him on 23 February DGR ‘has got uncommonly stout’ (ADC 15:3). 11 WMR hears from HTD that DGR is taking 50 grains of chloral at night, stays up late and rises at noon, and his only exercise is a 20-minute walk in the garden (ADC 15:3). 13 FGS discusses DGR’s Blessed Damozel in ‘A New Picture by Mr Rossetti’, The Athenaeum (p. 481). 21 (Easter Day) DGR declines contributing to a subscription list for John Payne’s Poems of François Villon (1878) (FredemanMS). May Burrows resigns from Christ Church, with John Wogan Festing as his replacement (Wordsworth 170; Burrows 73). 1 (Wed) WMR attends the press-view of the RA and thinks it ‘very mediocre’ (ADC 15:3). 16 A Manchester exhibition to raise money for the city’s art schools opens with DGR’s Proserpine and Water Willow on loan from Turner (FredemanMS). ?26 CGR writes to Margaret Raine Hunt in support of her campaign for the preservation of common lands in London (Harrison 2:166). June DGR begins a picture of JM from an old cartoon executed at Scalands, La Donna della Finestra. DGR discovers that forgeries of his drawings are being sold at George Attenborough’s (pawnbroker), 72 Strand (FredemanMS). ?12 (Wed) CGR writes to LMB reassuring her that Olive is welcome in Torrington Square, after an apparent misunderstanding (Harrison 2:166).

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13

14

17

24

Appleton releases WMR as art reviewer for Academy against WMR’s will. Comyns Carr replaces him. The income brought by reviewing is ‘of some importance’ to WMR, Academy having paid him £100 p/a, mostly for exhibition reviews (ADC 15:3; SR 469–72). After being approached by Keningale Cook for another contribution to Dublin University Magazine, CGR declines because the journal has published views contrary to her religious beliefs (Harrison 2:167–8). Academy offers WMR the option of continuing to review on other subjects. He resolves to approach The Athenaeum through TWD; but on 21 June, TWD advises WMR he would be competing with many other reviewers and would not get much work (ADC 15:3). DGR’s lease on Tudor House expires. Despite six months of negotiations an agreement has still not been reached with Lee & Pemberton (FredemanMS).

July The summer in London and the south of England is exceptionally hot. DGR struggles to work through the heat in Chelsea; CGR and FMLR plan their escape to the east coast where it is cooler (Harrison 2:172, 174). FMLR sends DGR a photograph of MFR, now that All Saints does not object to photographic portraits of their Sisters being held by family members (Harrison 2:170). 2 (Tue)–28 WMR in Charmouth. At ﬁrst he is on his own, because Olive has the measles. LMB and the babies stay until 4 September (ADC 15:3, 13:3, 18:4). 2 EBJ sends DGR one of the forged DGR crayon heads with a faked monogram and date (1876), bought by Hon. Percy Wyndham (FredemanMS). 20 DGR exposes the fraudulent crayon drawings being sold at Attenborough’s in letters to The Athenaeum (p. 89) and The Times (p. 10). Attenborough later threatens to sue CAH who is responsible (FredemanMS). August DGR considers withdrawing his Perlascura autotype from circulation, ﬁnding it being sold as Black Pearl in Bond Street. DGR and TWD correspond with Valpy regarding the return of Dante’s Dream for alternative work, Valpy moving to a smaller residence in Bath. £1502 has been

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paid. DGR agrees to make a full-sized replica worth 800 guineas of either A Sea-Spell or Veronica Veronese, in addition to an oil reduction of Proserpine. DGR wants Valpy to return Bruna Brunelleschi. DGR has chalk drawings sent from Kelmscott for framing by Rowley and hanging in Tudor House to attract potential buyers. DGR tries to ﬁnd employment as a clerk for his former landlord at Matlock Bank, now destitute in Manchester. He hopes to enlist Leyland’s help (Mills 205–6; FredemanMS). Prompted by CGR, DGR considers paying for MFR’s A Shadow of Dante to be published in Italy and translated by TPR (Harrison 2:173). LMB begins a watercolour of Charmouth village (ADC 9:2). 5 (Mon) WMR, CGR, FMLR, the aunts and TWD dine at Cheyne Walk. They see DGR’s Vision of Fiammetta, which only has the glazing to be done and which WMR greatly admires as ‘among G’s best works’, and the smaller duplicate of Beata Beatrix which is ‘somewhat advanced’. DGR is in good spirits and he reads them ‘The Death of Topsy’ (ADC 15:3). 8–5 Sept CGR, FMLR and aunts (who return home 15 August) holiday in Walton-on-Naze (Harrison 2:175). During the vacation CGR reads CBC’s translations from Petrarch and, after TPR declares his interest in translating SS, embarks on her own translations of these poems into Italian with the title Ninna Nanna (Marsh 459). 9 CGR recommends to WMR a review of Francis Hüffer’s The Troubadours, A History of Provençal Life and Literature in the Middle Ages, published in Macmillan’s Magazine (pp. 275–81) (Harrison 2:177). 21 WMR offers CGR a mummiﬁed head and hand, given to him by Peter Lascaridi who has just returned from Egypt. CGR declines (Harrison 2:181). 26 CGR sends DGR several of her translations from SS, for onward transmission to TPR: ‘My versions are so free & easy that I must dub them not translations but imitations.’ DGR admires them (Harrison 2:184, 186). 29 DGR suggests cancelling the £340 owing on Beata Beatrix (£290 paid), giving Valpy A Sea-Spell (replica, £735), Proserpine (watercolour/half-size oil, £420) and £500 cash (or a 800-guinea picture) when Dante’s Dream is resold (DGR hopes to sell at a proﬁt) (FredemanMS).

1878 305

September As a result of DGR’s efforts to promote the poet Ebenezer Jones, three reviews by TWD appear in The Athenaeum (September–October) and Richard Herne Shepherd reprints the notices of DGR and WBS in Notes and Queries. DGR receives a book of poems by Joseph Skipsey, a Northumberland collier, from Thomas Dixon. Struck by its ‘pathos and power’, DGR orders copies for friends and encourages TWD to write a review. DGR starts referring to Valpy as the ‘vampire’ (FredemanMS). 4 (Wed) CBC writes to CGR describing his walk in Windsor Park, during which he injured his foot, and asking for news at ‘your naze-al retreat’. He is working on proofs to his Petrarch translations (FLCGR 76–7; ADC 10:9). DGR praises CGR’s translations from SS to JM, and forwards some examples (FredemanMS). 8 WMR and LMB visit the injured CBC (WMR Diary, ADC 15:3). 10 DGR offers Valpy Risen at Dawn (S.253, c.1878–80) in place of £500 cash (FredemanMS). 20 DGR draws From a Statue (S.612). 24 DGR tries to interest Turner in purchasing Dante’s Dream (FredemanMS). 30 DGR sends FGS ‘Fiammetta (For a Picture)’ and his translation of Boccaccio’s ‘Last Sight of Fiammetta’ (FredemanMS). October Valpy buys Smetham’s Valley of Lilies at the reduced price of £21 (FredemanMS). 2 (Wed) THC writes to DGR for the ﬁrst time, as President of the Notes & Queries Society in Liverpool, wanting to propose DGR as an Honorary Council member (ADC 2:8). 3 CGR, FMLR and CP dine with WMR and LMB (ADC 15:3). 5 The Athenaeum (pp. 439–40) contains a long review by FGS of Vision of Fiammetta. 7 PBM writes ‘To Dante G. Rossetti: On his having so long relinquished Poetry for Painting’ (ADC 3:9). 10 Vision of Fiammetta is sent to Turner (FredemanMS). 12 DGR writes ‘To Philip Bourke Marston (in answer)’ (FredemanMS). 19 Leyland will not permit DGR to produce a full-sized replica of A Sea-Spell, worried it will devalue his own work (FredemanMS).

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23

CGR hears second-hand of HFP’s wife, after a long interval of silence. She has left her hotel in Mississippi City but is still living in the area (ADC 15:3).

November Ruskin publishes ‘Three Colours of Pre-Raphaelitism’ in Nineteenth Century (pp. 925–31; December, pp. 1072–82). Ecce Ancilla Domini! is singled out for praise. DGR garners support for a ‘Memorial to Government’, conducted by Forman on behalf of Keats’s sister Fanny (Madame de Llanos), who is refused a Civil List Pension. Mme Maenza dies leaving her property largely to DGR; he is to receive £40 (ADC 15:3; FredemanMS). 1 (Fri)–10 WMR accompanies FMB and EMB to Paris (ADC 15:3). 6 DGR proposes to give Valpy Beata Beatrix (£340), Risen at Dawn (£500), A Sea-Spell (replica, £630), Joan of Arc (oil replica, £340) and Proserpine (half-size oil replica, £420), totalling £2230 (FredemanMS). 11 Fry intimates that CAH has been borrowing large sums from him in DGR’s name (FredemanMS). 13 DGR gives Mary Margaret Heaton permission to quote from ‘Maclise’s Character-Portraits’ (Academy, 15 April 1871, pp. 217–18) in the revised edition of Allan Cunningham’s Lives of British Artists (FredemanMS). 15, 24 THC delivers his lectures on DGR at the Royal Institution (Harrison 2:206). 16 WMR is subpoenaed to appear at the Whistler v. Ruskin trial because of his supportive comments on Whistler’s work in Academy (October 1877). WMR, ‘dismayed’, attempts to avoid giving evidence (ADC 15:3; PWC 4:65; GUW 08786, 13282). 17 WMR ﬁnally terminates his connections with Academy (ADC 15:3). 18 WM asks DGR to sign a paper of the Afghan Committee (Chairman: Lord Lawrence) in protest at the second British invasion of Afghanistan (ADC 10:10). 25 WMR testiﬁes in the Whistler v. Ruskin trial (PWC; GUW 11991). December TGH sends DGR a copy of Legends of the Morrow (1878). An earlier friendly letter by TGH to DGR elicited a polite but discouraging response (ADC 15:3).

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4 7

12 14 25

(Thu) WMR ﬁnishes his Shelley compilation, after six years of work. He begins reading it aloud to LMB (ADC 15:3). CGR writes to GGH that DGR’s ‘sleeplessness continues inveterate & this keeps up our anxiety: however, he has been producing beautiful work latterly, work I wish you could see’ (Harrison 2:189). WMR approaches Moxon for the Shelley compilation; they decline (ADC 15:3). WMR receives £30 from Moxon for his 3-volume edition of Shelley’s poems (ADC 15:3). Because of bad weather, the usual family Christmas at Tudor House is not possible. DGR asks TWD to join him. CGR and FMLR stay at Torrington Square (Harrison 2:189–90).

1879 CBC publishes his translation of Qui comincian le rime di M. Francesco Petrarca. The Sonnets and Stanzas of Petrarch. CGR attends Charles Tomlinson’s lectures on Dante’s Purgatorio at University College, London (Marsh 471). Composition includes commentary on the Benedicite, written probably during Lent, published as Seek and Find (Marsh 462). Publication includes Goblin Market, The Prince’s Progress, and Other Poems (Macmillan reprint). Finance CGR’s account book shows her earnings this year to total £113 7s 10d, mostly from shares (Reversionary Interest Shares, 1 National Freehold Share), royalties, copyright, the sale of SF manuscript to CFM, and birthday gifts (ADC 10:1). DGR is hostile to Philip Henry Rathbone, hearing a misreport that he had criticised DGR’s poetry in a public lecture. FMB moves to Manchester. Through him DGR and WMR meet the Lancashire poet Edwin Waugh and become further acquainted with Rowley. While working on his Eaton windows, FJS spends much time in DGR’s studio taking notes on his use of colour. DGR encourages PBM in his poetic work (SR 493–7; Mills 240–5; FredemanMS). Finances Income £1030, in contrast to £3000 two or three years previous (ADC 15:3). Literary composition includes revisions to ‘Rose Mary’. Versicles and fragments: ‘For the garlands of heaven’, ‘The wounded hart and the dying swan’, ‘Within those eyes’, ‘Ah if you had been lost’, ‘On the two

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bridal-biers’, ‘Fashioned with intricate inﬁnity’, ‘Ah dear one, we were young so long’, ‘Joan of Arc’, ‘The tombless fossil of deep-buried days’, ‘And ’mid the budding branches’ sway’, ‘In galliard gardens’, ‘When we are senseless grown’, ‘Or, stamped with the snake’s coil, it be’ and ‘Could Keats but have’. Notebooks include ideas for pictures (Judith Displaying the Head of Holofernes, Michelangelo Unburying the Laocoon, Magdalene, Caius Standing between the Statues of Castor and Pollux) and comments on ﬁgures, including Leighton, Coleridge, Milton and Burns (WDGR xxvi, xxxii, 637–8). Pictorial work includes • Oil Desdemona’s Death Song (S.254H), c.1879–81; Beatrice (S.256); The Day-Dream (S.259C–D). • Crayon Pandora (S.224.R1); Astarte Syriaca (S.249I–J); The Day-Dream (S.259B). • Chalk, Charcoal Desdemona’s Death Song (S.254A, D, I), c.1879–81. Criticism The earliest review of DGR’s poetry in Germany appears in Unsere Zeit (vol. 1, pp. 767–78) by Mary F. Robinson (Ghose 197). GR Publication ‘Letters to Ricciardi’, in Rivista Europea (April–December) (Waller 302). WMR and DGR collect money for the Keats Memorial Fund in aid of the poet’s sister. In the autumn WMR, unhappy with his lack of contact with DGR, begins to visit DGR once a week (SR 430; Hueffer 342; Lang 4:90). Composition includes completion of Cor Cordium, containing the Hitchener correspondence, courtesy of Slack. It is dedicated to Garnett. No publisher can be found in Britain or America (SR 386–7). Finance WMR’s salary at the Excise Ofﬁce increases to £900 p/a (Thirlwell 95). Publication includes editing The Complete Works of Shakespeare and John Greenleaf Whittier. January TPR sends to CGR more of his translations of SS into Italian, which she passes to DGR. He seems to be working on an Italian edition of SS, but none is recorded (Harrison 2:195). DGR is invited to contribute to North American Review (FredemanMS). WMR is afﬂicted with gout. LMB draws from a female model at FMB’s three times a week, with three other women artists (ADC 15:3).

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Women students at University College London propose LMB as president of their new debating society (Thirlwell 263). 4 (Sat) DGR writes in The Athenaeum (p. 19) denying a claim that he turned away a social call from Princess Louise. 7 CGR, ‘A Harmony on First Corinthians 13’, New and Old (pp. 34–9). 9 TWD calls on WMR and reports on DGR’s recent poor health. TWD suspects it is ‘hydrochondria and willfulness, all the vital organs being sound, appetite hearty etc.’ DGR is taking 92 grains of chloral every night (ADC 15:3). 11 DGR, ‘Francesca da Rimini’ (translation from Dante), The Athenaeum (p. 49). 23 CGR receives 17s 1d from Macmillan for Poems (ADC 10:1). 27 WMR thanks Whistler for Whistler v. Ruskin: Art and Art Critics (1878), reassuring him that he had nothing to do with ‘an abusive little paragraph’ in Academy (25 January 1879, p. 85) (GUL R144). 28 CGR shows TPR’s translations of SS into Italian to WMR. LMB starts a full-length crayon drawing of Olive (ADC 15:3). 31 Davies shows DGR some ‘astounding’ designs in silhouette from Milton’s L’Allegro and Penseroso by James Allen, a 22-year old nephew of Smetham. DGR orders 6 sets of silhouettes, including illustrations to Milton, Keats and Shakespeare. WMR commissions 20 subjects from Prometheus Unbound (ADC 2:1; Mills 241; FredemanMS). February DGR ﬁnishes his Proserpine and Pandora replicas (FredemanMS). 4 (Tues) CGR receives £1 2s 8d from Roberts Brothers for Poems (ADC 10:1). 14 CGR composes a valentine for FMLR (Crump 3:487–8). 18 LMB starts painting Olive in oils, life size, having recently made a chalk study (ADC 15:3). A resolution is passed at a meeting at the Grosvenor Gallery adding DGR’s name to the committee appointed to bring the subject of artistic copyright to the government (ADC 2:29). 26 CGR shows WMR an unidentiﬁed eight-line verse written for an anti-vivisection bazaar. One copy fetched 10s 0d (ADC 15:3).

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March LMB’s Charmouth, Dorset and Broadstairs are exhibited in a provincial gallery (Thirlwell 176). DGR refuses to deliver work to Valpy until Dante’s Dream is sold, although several exchange works are well advanced, including Beata Beatrix (S.168.R6). He wants to devote more time to commissioned work to sustain an income. After a temporary estrangement, FMB resumes his correspondence with DGR (Hueffer 344–5; FredemanMS). 1 (Sat) WMR addresses a large suffrage meeting (Thirlwell 239). 14 CGR ﬁrst offers the manuscript of ‘Treasure-Trove’ (later SF) to SPCK, who reject it (SPCR 221). c.30 Turner is unwilling to purchase Dante’s Dream. DGR offers him the reduced price of 1200 guineas in instalments (FredemanMS). April Edith Williams sits to DGR (S.537). DGR alters the knees and back of A Sea-Spell for Leyland, and works on La Donna della Finestra (S.255) and Mnemosyne (FredemanMS). 28 (Mon) CGR praises CG for her poem ‘Reverie’ (Harrison 2:200). May Dante’s Dream replica is ﬁnished and ready for glazing. The predellas are almost complete. DGR makes a full-sized monochrome design of Found. DGR is disturbed by building work in his garden (FredemanMS). Henrietta Polydore, wife of HFP, is in London and visits the family on several occasions (ADC 15:3). 2 (Fri) CGR writes to ABH that she and FMLR rarely attend social engagements due to ill health and old age respectively (Harrison 2:201). 6 DGR asks Graham to lend him Blessed Damozel, Blue Bower, La Ghirlandata and Annunciation from Grosvenor Place to show in his studio. He is against Graham exhibiting his works at South Kensington (FredemanMS). June Shepherd’s libel action against The Athenaeum is brought to court. He is awarded £150 damages. WMR offers to pay one-third but Charles Dilke the proprietor covers costs (SR 472).

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July In mid-July to mid-August CGR and FMLR holiday in Seaford and CGR composes ‘A Pagaent’. Just before they leave, they pay a farewell visit to DGR and admire the ‘ﬁne work about him’ (including the small replica of Dante’s Dream). LMB and the children are in Gorlestonon-Sea, Norfolk (Harrison 2:292, 203, 207, 210, 292). THC’s highly eulogistic estimate of DGR’s poetry (originally a lecture to the Notes & Queries Society) is published in Colburn’s New Monthly Magazine (pp. 800–12). DGR advises Allen to attend the Slade Schools and apply for a RA studentship. He sells some of Allen’s designs to Marks who wants to charter him; DGR advises against. DGR sells more of Smetham’s works at lowered prices through Edmund Bates, who chooses to take an £8 watercolour rather than 5 per cent commission. GCT visits DGR with Lady Catherine Gaskell who is ‘immensely struck’ with Day-Dream. DGR interests EH and Miss Phillott in Smetham’s work. CFM brings DGR photographs of two Botticellis and Jacopo della Quercia’s Fonte Gaia at Siena. DGR suffers from depression. He avoids visiting FMLR, not wanting to produce ‘a sad impression on her mind’ (Mills 242–5; Bryson 99; FredemanMS; Surtees 151). WMR, LMB and children stay at Broadstairs. EMB spends time with them. FMLR and CGR stay at Seaford, near Newhaven (ADC 13:5). 4 (Fri) Bates asks DGR to view a pair of portraits in his possession, which he thinks possibly of Blake and his wife by Romney. DGR introduces Bates to Samuel Palmer (ADC 2:2; FredemanMS). 6 THC makes tentative moves towards DGR, writing to WMR and enclosing a letter to DGR describing himself as DGR’s student (Allen 69–70). 9 DGR tells JM that Ellis has bought La Donna della Finestra for 400 guineas. DGR wants to keep the low price a secret from other patrons as he hopes to raise his prices. During sale negotiations with Ellis the Cowper-Temples call to buy the painting but HTD turns them away, under strict instructions from DGR not to let anyone into his studio (FredemanMS; Mills 242; Surtees 151). 12 CGR thanks Robert Dudley Adams, a poet from Sydney, New South Wales, for his review of one of her poems (Harrison 2:204). 18 CGR sells the copyright of SF to SPCK for £40 (ADC 10:1; Harrison 2:204).

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DGR sends Bates 12 small pictures by Smetham. Bates sells Rose of Dawn for £40 (sale later uncertain) and £50 for additional work (FredemanMS). DGR tells JM and TWD he has completed a portrait head of Leyland (S.346) as a wedding present for his daughter Mrs Stevenson Hamilton: ‘I’ve given Leyland a frill and everything and he’s All There now’ (FredemanMS). CGR has by now completed the proofs to SF. She has read with FMLR copies of THC’s lectures on DGR (Harrison 2:205–6). FMB joins WMR and family in Broadstairs (ADC 13:5). DGR invites THC to call on him in London (FredemanMS).

August MS sits to DGR for Desdemona. DGR ﬁnishes La Donna della Finestra (FredemanMS). FMB meets THC, giving DGR a good report (Hueffer 345). 9 (Sat) WMR and family return to London (ADC 13:5). 14 CFM visits DGR and reads to him from the original manuscript of one of Keats’s ‘sophistical fairiﬁed letters’ that he had bought. He brings DGR a photo of a Botticelli Holy Family (FredemanMS). 15 DGR composes a rhyme on Italian art: ‘Mick and Lenny, Sandy and Vick, of all Italian art are the pick: / Tommy’s a Stunner, but Ralph’s a stick’ (Michelangelo, Leonardo, Sandro Botticelli, Vittore Carpaccio, Masaccio and Raffaello Sanzio) (Bryson 113). 18 FMB dines with DGR and makes a caricature of him as a ‘couch potato’. DGR describes FMB, who has not visited for some time, as having ‘awakened from his two years’ slumber’ (FredemanMS). CGR writes to DGR that she and especially FMLR are delighted that he has been reconciled with FMB. She also is pleased and surprised that CFM, through WMR, has offered £10 for the manuscript of SF, which she accepts. She regrets losing her manuscript of SS, with her own illustrations, for she believed that the printer’s copy was the property of the publisher (Harrison 2:208; ADC 10:1). 20 WMR and LMB call on DGR and admire the newly ﬁnished Donna della Finestra, as well as two designs for the predella of Dante’s Dream (‘both entirely out of his own head’) (ADC 15:3).

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WMR calls on Forman to look at his Shelley papers recently acquired from the estate of Claire Clairmont (ADC 15:3).

September Bates sells Smetham’s Squirrels’ Haunt, Bedesman and Ophelia’s Grave. DGR suggests that Bates become his agent. Bates sends DGR poems for critique and photographs of old master paintings. DGR sends him photographs of his designs, including Cassandra, Mary Magdalene and Hamlet and Ophelia (FredemanMS). 25 (Thu) THC asks DGR to write him a reference for the assistant secretaryship to the Council of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science. WMR has already written. Although short-listed, THC is not appointed (ADC 2:8). 30 CGR discovers that her ﬁrst edition of the collected poems has sold out and that Macmillan, without her permission, has issued a second. WMR advises that she write to the ﬁrm in an amicable tone. Her religious scruples prevent her from going to law (ADC 15:3). October Publication of CGR’s SF (ADC 15:3). At the end of this month, WBS returns from Penkill and calls regularly on DGR (LPI 330). DGR writes new stanzas for ‘Sister Helen’ (Bryson 124–5). MS sits to DGR. DGR sends Bates two chalk studies for Astarte Syriaca to be sold together at £120 and a watercolour head for £120. Bates is to receive £15 commission on sales (FredemanMS). FGS, GT, WHH and WMR form a trustee fund to help the widow and two children of JLT (died 29 September). 3 (Fri) CGR is paid £9 17s 8d by Macmillan for Poems (ADC 10:1). 4 Constantine Ionides and his sister Aglaia commission The Day-Dream (S.259) for 700 guineas. They want to buy DGR’s predella designs for Dante’s Dream but these are promised to JM (Bryson 122; FredemanMS). 8 DGR writes to CGR praising the ‘eloquent beauties’ of SF, but complains about the ‘confusion of references with the text which they completely smother’. He adds that they should have been marginal and not as numerous. FJS shares his view (FredemanMS). 13 DGR takes an overdose of chloral, HTD being away on holiday. DGR’s hearing is affected and he suffers hallucinations. Marshall attends. WMR, CGR, FJS, FGS and FMB visit.

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The youthful Dr Wild is to accompany DGR into the country. FJS suggests Haslemere and makes enquiries about accommodation. An alternative plan that DGR should visit Hughes near Croyden in the company of a female nurse is preferred by DGR (ADC 15:3). CGR and FMLR spend the morning with DGR (Harrison 2:214). WMR ﬁnds DGR ‘considerably better’ (ADC 15:3). WMR observes that DGR has resumed work (ADC 15:3). WBS calls on DGR, who tells him ‘he would never be well without staying in some place like Penkill for a while’ (LPI 330). WMR visits the British Museum Reading Room to see the effect of electric light newly installed. It is not quite as serviceable as moderate daylight and there is a ‘vexatious’ ‘continual ﬁzzing’ (ADC 15:3). DGR, who is suffering from pains in his limbs, straps electric belts to his legs, which cause ulcerous discolouration. WMR visits and sees a sketch of Desdemona, a study of MS’s head for it, and a cartoon sketch of Found (ADC 15:3). DGR sends for WBS to visit him because ‘he had not a friend in the world’; DGR tells WBS ‘that he could not step over his door without meeting insults that he was sure would lead him into a police court, the conspiracy being as bad as ever’ (WBS to AB, LPI 330–1).

November DGR receives visits from WMR, TWD, FJS, Samuel Haydon, FGS, WBS and Graham. At the request of DGR, HTD, who is away in Truro, Cornwall, painting a portrait, returns to assist with Day-Dream and arrange the studio, lay ﬁgure and drapery for Dante’s Dream. Desdemona is abandoned (Hueffer 345–6; FredemanMS). Cornforth marries Schott (Baum 83). 1 (Sat) FGS publishes an article in The Athenaeum (pp. 566–7) discussing La Donna della Finestra, Dante’s Dream and Blessed Damozel. 8 WBS visits DGR, who seems less delusional. ‘He is now quite interested in poetry’, WBS tells AB, and DGR read him ‘St Agnes the Intercessor’ (LPI 331). 10 LMB gives birth to Helen Maria (ADC 15:3).

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WMR notes in his diary that DGR is again preoccupied with spiritualism and seems convinced of the immortality of the soul. He works on the replica for Graham of Beata Beatrix (ADC 15:3). DGR tells AB that WBS’s ‘hearty presence’ has done much to cheer him (FredemanMS). CGR involved with Edward Aguilar’s setting of ‘Goblin Market’ to music (ADC 15:3). DGR advises THC to stop writing for low-quality magazines as being ‘injurious’ to his professional proﬁle (FredemanMS).

December DGR declines Bateman’s suggestion that a nephew of Inchbold become DGR’s secretary. Bates takes two cases of DGR’s drawings to Leeds to tempt buyers. DGR is willing to sell four for £220, a discount of £50. DGR offers Bates a drawing regardless of sales. Bates gives Revd Dr Gotts Sancta Lilias (S.257) and a copy of DGR’s Poems. DGR reads Edward Fitzgerald’s translations of Six Dramas of Calderón (1853) and Agamemnon (1876) (Bryson 126–7). DGR tells TWD that he ‘ardently’ desires Wilkinson’s Improvisations from the Spirit (ADC 2:2; FredemanMS). 1 (Mon) DGR comments to WMR, who is working on lectures on the wives of poets, that ‘those poets who have been happy with their wives were, altho’ truly poets in performance, personally of an unpoetic character, conventionally compliant etc.—such as Wordsworth and Scott’ (ADC 15:3). 3 DGR asks WMR to put in a good word to Sir George Scharf, curator of the National Portrait Gallery, for Bates who wants to offer a portrait (FredemanMS). 6 Favourable review of SF in Saturday Review (p. 704). 9 CGR writes to CG about their mutual support for antivivisection. CGR thanks her for sending a copy of Animal World: An Advocate of Humanity, in which her poem ‘Little “Fairy”; or, “Love Me, Love My Dog”’ appeared (vol. 10, p. 178). CGR is pleased that the church magazine New and Old publishes anti-vivisectionist material and she also mentions a book declaring vivisection to be the work of the devil, James Ormiston’s The Satan of Scripture (1876), although she does not fully agree with it (Harrison 2:216–18). 15 DGR thinks of reissuing Poems, adding recent compositions (ADC 15:3).

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TWD and DGR urge CGR to negotiate for a more favourable publishing arrangement with Macmillan. CGR writes to DGR agreeing they can proceed on her behalf, but insists that the business is on a friendly footing, ‘as being quite certain that no wrong has either been done or dreamt of’, and without recourse to law. She is preparing another volume of poems (which would be published as P), and does not want to alienate AM (Harrison 2:219–20; ADC 15:3). CGR thanks ACS for sending a copy of his new Study of Shakespeare (Harrison 4:417). Bates writes to WBS that he has opened up the art market for DGR in Leeds: ‘my friends here seem to have caught the infection of my enthusiasm – as they plainly see there’s no make-believe about it’ (TC 15:25). CGR, FMLR and the aunts attend a church service and have lunch with WMR and his family; despite the bad weather, FMLR later proceeds to Chelsea to dine with DGR (Harrison 2:220–1; FredemanMS). CGR writes to DGR explaining the current terms with Macmillan. A few months ago CGR discovered that Goblin Market, The Prince’s Progress and Other Poems had been stereotyped without her knowledge, and is about to be reissued, and the family think the terms need examining (Harrison 2:222). DGR sends Davies and JM his new sonnet ‘Pleasure and Memory’ (‘Ardour and Memory’) (FredemanMS).

1880 CBC’s Poems and Translations published in the spring (Marsh 474). WBS writes to AB on 1 June that ‘a sonnet on Gabriel’s portrait of Christina indicates the secret throbbings of Cayley’s heart’ (LPI 331). CGR ﬁrst meets Ellen Proctor (c.1880) at a mutual friend’s house for afternoon tea (Proctor 41; Harrison 3:285) as well as William Sharp. She attends Charles Tomlinson’s University College lectures on Dante’s Paradiso (Marsh 471). Towards the end of the year she ﬁnally ﬁnds a publisher for CS (Harrison 2:255–6). Finance CGR’s account book shows her income to be £59 19s 6d, mostly from shares (Reversionary Interest Shares, National Freehold shares), royalties and birthday gifts (ADC 10:1).

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DGR THC becomes a regular correspondent (ADC 2:9). DGR and WMR attempt to get THC’s lecture ‘Politics and Art’, given at the Royal Institution in Liverpool, reviewed in The Athenaeum. DGR encourages THC to edit an anthology of sonnets. He exerts considerable inﬂuence over the volume’s evolution, insisting works by CGR, WMR, WBS and Blind be included and poems by Gerard Manley Hopkins omitted. A bed at Tudor House is kept for TWD, a frequent visitor, with whom DGR openly discusses his poetry. DGR quarrels with HTD and stops paying his salary. HTD retires to Cornwall and refuses to return until back payment is made (Allen 76–87). DGR continues to sell Smetham’s pictures through Bates (FredemanMS). Literary composition includes ‘Mnemosyne’ and ‘Memory’. Finishes ‘Soothsay’ (possibly continued 1881). Drafts ‘Pride of Youth’. Versicles and fragments: ‘Dîs Manibus’, ‘Ah lads, I knew your father’, ‘This little day’, ‘No ship came near’, ‘And plaintive days’ and ‘Inexplicable blight’ (WDGR xxix, xxxii–xxxiii). Translations include ‘La Pia’ from Dante (WDGR xxxv). Publication A second edition of Life of Blake (2 vols) is prepared by ABG, with assistance from DGR and WMR. DGR expands his prose commentary, adding a section on Jerusalem. WMR compiles a catalogue. At the suggestion of DGR, FJS writes descriptive notes on Blake’s designs to Young’s Night Thoughts and designs a cover (ADC 2:2; FredemanMS; Mills 253–5). Pictorial work includes • Oil Beata Beatrix (S.168.R6); Salutation of Beatrice (S.260), 1880–81, CFM supplies photographs of Siena for background (ACF 26). • Watercolour Dante’s Dream (S.81.R2); The Day-Dream (S.259). • Crayon Desdemona’s Death Song (S.254E). DGR takes up work on Found (Mills 264–5). DGR’s stained glass Elijah is executed by WM’s ﬁrm at All Saints, Middleton Cheney (Sewter 134). FJS paints Lazarus in DGR’s studio, according to DGR’s methods (Mills 262–3). Criticism Walter Pater discusses DGR in English Poets. ACS’s Heptalogia parodies the work of Tennyson, RB, Whitman, Patmore, Owen Meredith, DGR and ACS himself. LMB paints an oil portrait of her daughter Olivia (ADC 18:4). January 56 Euston Square is renamed 5 Endsleigh Gardens (Thirlwell 229). DGR ﬁnishes ‘Soothsay’. David Main’s Treasury of English Sonnets is published with two sonnets by DGR (FredemanMS).

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(Sat) Edward Aguilar invites CGR to his musical performance of ‘Goblin Market’ at Hyde Park (WMR Diary ADC 15:3). DGR is engaged with revising his old sonnets and writing some new ones (ADC 15:3). Constantine Alexander Ionides commissions DGR to design monograms for himself and his daughter to be engraved on dinner plates (FredemanMS). Despite DGR’s meagre earnings last year (£1030), the income tax ofﬁce assesses him as earning £2000 (ADC 15:3). CGR decides she has not, contrary to DGR’s opinion, sufﬁcient material for a new volume of poems (ADC 15:3). WMR notes that DGR has written two lyrical intermezzos (‘Songs of the Beryl Spirits’) to ‘Rose Mary’ (ADC 15:3; Thirlwell 89). DGR informs TWD he has now written all three Beryl Songs (FredemanMS).

February DGR begins Salutation of Beatrice, works on Vanna Primavera, and writes ‘John Keats’ (ADC 15:3). He worries that JM misunderstood the meaning of ‘Ardour and Memory’. Frederick Locker invites DGR and CGR to copy missing lines into his manuscript of Sir Walter Scott’s ‘Harold the Dauntless’. DGR thinks Buchanan’s attacks on him were plagiarised from Lamb’s letter to Coleridge and Southey’s attack on Byron in Joseph Cottle’s Early Recollections Relating to the Late S. T. Coleridge (1837). DGR declines the dedication of THC’s lectures on Irving and modern theatre (which he thinks immature) and ‘Politics and Art’. DGR wants HTD (in Truro working on cathedral stained glass) to return to London to set up the ‘stage-machinery’ for Vanna Primavera and begin a replica for Graham, probably La Donna della Finestra (S.255E) (ADC 2:9, 10:11; Allen 78; FredemanMS). 2 (Mon) CGR receives £1 5s 0d from Macmillan for Poems (ADC 10:1). 5 DGR offers Blessed Damozel (S.244.R1) to Rae for 600 guineas (FredemanMS). 9 DGR reads WMR his sonnet on the sonnet, ‘just written’ (ADC 15:3). 13–16 WMR in Birmingham gives his ﬁrst lecture on ‘The Wives of the Poets’ (ADC 15:3). 14 CGR composes a valentine to FMLR (Crump 3:488).

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March DGR deciphers some undiscovered verse by Blake in his Blake manuscript (ADC 15:3). Bates sends DGR a catalogue raisonné, which DGR thinks possibly by Benjamin Robert Haydon, satirising William Payne, Richard Payne Knight and the RA (mentioned in Haydon’s Diaries). Bates later informs him it is by Robert Smirke for the RA (FredemanMS). 1 (Mon) WMR spends the evening with DGR and notes he is about to revise, at ABG’s request, his sections of Life of Blake. DGR thinks Turner may buy Blessed Damozel for £630, well below DGR’s usual prices. DGR believes MS would have once agreed to marry him had he asked (ADC 15:3). 8 DGR writes six additional stanzas to ‘Sister Helen’ (ADC 15:3). 10 DGR tells JM he has inserted new stanzas into ‘Sister Helen’, ‘developing a fresh incident!’, and has ﬁnished the drawing (S.260A) he made of her at Aldwick Lodge, Bognor, ‘by adapting hair and neck (which were unﬁnished but the face done) from other drawings of you’ (FredemanMS). 16 LMB resumes her full-sized portrait of Olive at FMB’s house (ADC 15:3). 17 DGR tells TWD he has written more of ‘Sister Helen’ (FredemanMS). April DGR writes ‘The Song-Throe’ (WDGR 655). DGR asks THC to wait until HL is ﬁnished before expanding his lecture on DGR into an article, ‘Ruskin, Keats and Rossetti’ (Bryson 117; VP 206–7, 227). 1 (Thu) General Election: WMR votes for the Liberal parliamentary candidate for Marylebone (ADC 15:3). 21 WMR and LMB attend WHH’s illustrated lecture at the Society of Arts on the pigments used by old and modern painters, as part of WHH’s colour reform scheme (ADC 15:3). 22 CGR writes to Samuel Waddington agreeing to the seven sonnets he chooses for inclusion in English Sonnets by Living Writers (1881) (Harrison 2:226). FMLR presents WMR with a box of GR’s papers of letters and poems (ADC 15:3). 25 WMR, LMB and Mathilde Blind visit WHH’s studio to see the nearly ﬁnished Flight into Egypt (ADC 15:3). 26 DGR reads WMR his newly completed ballad of ‘The White Ship’ (ADC 15:3; VP 206).

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On FMLR’s eightieth birthday, CGR presents her with a copy of David Main’s Treasury of English Sonnets (1880), into which DGR inserts an illustrated manuscript of his sonnet on the sonnet (S.258) and CGR her own sonnet to FMLR (the dedicatory sonnet to P) (Harrison 2:225–7).

May DGR writes ‘Percy Bysshe Shelley’ and reworks ‘Thomas Chatterton’ for TWD’s Selection of Poets (FredemanMS). DGR resents EBJ’s Golden Stairs (exh. Grosvenor Gallery) which he believes originates from an early Dante design of his and the title from ‘Blessed Damozel’. WBS loans DGR a visionary head by Blake from the collection of Charles Varley (ADC 15:3). 6 (Thu) DGR sends FMLR and CGR ‘The White Ship’ (FredemanMS; Harrison 2:228–9). 11 Financial hardship necessitates the sale of DGR’s Botticelli portrait, Smeralda Bandinelli, to Constantine Ionides for 300 guineas (FredemanMS). 20 DGR composes ‘William Blake’, inspired by FJS’s drawing of Fountain Court where Blake worked and died (Mills 256–7; FredemanMS; ADC 15:3). 31 WMR attends a meeting at the Society of Arts for the preservation of St Mark’s, Venice. DGR has recently completed ‘Percy Bysshe Shelley’ (ADC 15:3). June DGR’s ballad technique in ‘Sister Helen’ is parodied in H. D. Traill’s ‘Bard of Burdens’ in Time (pp. 128–30). FJS and DGR are interested in two dubious portraits of Chatterton: an oil owned by Sir Henry Taylor, possibly by Alcock, a Bristol miniature painter who knew Chatterton personally (an engraving is being sold by Agnew); and a picture in Salford museum, apparently by Hogarth. The Fine Art Society sends DGR a poor sketch of DGR’s for authentication. DGR thinks CAH is the source (FredemanMS; Mills 263). 10 (Thu) Worried about the falling value of pictures, Leyland declines Blessed Damozel for 650 guineas (Fennell 86; ADC 15:3). 19 WMR hears from Castellani that GR’s poems are still respected by patriotic and political readers (ADC 15:3). 20 DGR writes a sonnet on Coleridge (FredemanMS; ADC 15:3). 23 Skipsey visits DGR, together with Thomas Dixon and TWD (ADC 9:2, 15:3).

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25– 5 Aug WMR and family at Manchester and Chapel-en-le-Firth, Derbyshire, to see FMB and EMB. LMB and Mathilde Blind stay on until 13 August (ADC 15:3, 9:2). 27 Following a positive account of THC from FGS, DGR suggests THC becomes his ‘housefellow’ (FredemanMS). July Joseph Knight writes an anonymous article on DGR in Pen (pp. 206–8). Edmund Bates gives DGR a bronze seal dug up at Pontefract Castle, reputedly the signet ring of Richard II (FredemanMS). 2 (Fri) WMR, LMB, EMB and Mathilde Blind meet up with Samuel Cooper, husband of Lizzie Bromley, and Rowley (ADC 10:11, 13:5). 8 CGR and FMLR visit Eastbourne while their home is repainted. They spend one day visiting the Convalescent Hospital associated with the All Saints Sisterhood (Harrison 2:233–6, 245). 20 CGR warmly responds to DGR’s sonnet on Chatterton, sent to Eastbourne on 16 July (FredemanMS; Harrison 2:238). 29 CGR writes to ABH about the devastating effects of the second Afghan War upon India (Harrison 2:240). August DGR works on La Pia for Leyland. James Ashcroft Noble, a Liverpool newspaper editor, praises DGR as master of the sonnet form in Contemporary Review (pp. 446–71). Valpy renews his request for replacement pictures for Dante’s Dream. DGR worries his power is deserting him and about decreasing sales. A ﬁrm in Chancery Lane advertises a bogus etched portrait of DGR. Miss Leeson, an actress, agrees to pose for DGR (FredemanMS). 9 (Mon) CGR writes to DGR about his ballad ‘The White Ship’, urging him to write more such poems, later qualiﬁed in a letter of 14 August, in which she urges him to consider ‘one’s own responsibility in use of an inﬂuential talent’ (Harrison 2:241, 244). DGR has almost ﬁnished Vanna Primavera, now retitled The Day-Dream. He has repainted and improved the face to look more youthful (ADC 15:3) 12 CGR and FMLR return home from Eastbourne (Harrison 2:243). 13 Having received a positive report from FMB, DGR asks to meet THC. The Rossetti family, worried about THC’s

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possible effect on DGR, questions THC’s motives (Allen 94–5; FredemanMS). DGR reads WMR and LMB ‘The White Ship’ and his ‘Five English Poets’ (ADC 15:3). WMR and DGR meet THC for the ﬁrst time at Tudor House (ADC 15:3).

September CGR agrees to allow her poetry to be set to music by Lord Henry Somerset, but, after DGR tells her of a scandal associated with him, she withdraws the agreement. The composer writes to defend himself as innocent; CGR is greatly pained and accepts, in letters to DGR, that he has convincing evidence on his side. She adds, ‘Do not laugh: I am weighed upon by the responsibility of all one does or does not do’ (Harrison 2:248; ADC 15:3). DGR continues to suffer from insomnia (Caine 228). In response to Aglaia Coronio’s comments, DGR alters the face in Day-Dream. He recommends she hangs it with a piece of silk behind ‘like an altar-cloth’ (Bryson 160; FredemanMS). 2 (Thu)–3 At DGR’s invitation, THC spends the night at Tudor House on his return from Brighton. DGR worries THC with talk of conspiracies. He tells THC that at night he takes 60 grains of chloral every four hours (unknown to DGR, diluted by the chemist on Marshall’s instructions). DGR again suggests that THC lives with him. THC does not see DGR again for six months (Caine 218–30). 3 DGR sends JM ‘The Day-Dream’ (Bryson 156). 6 DGR considers moving to Millﬁeld House, Highgate, which is cheap but in need of repair (ADC 15:3). 23 DGR is annoyed with Leyland for being indecisive about the purchase of the replica Blessed Damozel. Alecco Ionides is now interested in buying it and DGR will accept a lower than usual price of £500 (or guineas); but on 27 September Ionides changes his mind. DGR admits to WMR that he is concerned about the diminishing market for his paintings and he thinks of ﬁnding another to take a part of the house, possibly THC (ADC 15:3). October DGR combines ‘St Luke the Painter’ with two unprinted sonnets, entitling the series ‘Old and New Art’ (FredemanMS).

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(Wed) CGR receives £5 from Mrs E. M. E. Welly for revision of an Italian phrase book (ADC 10:1). Leyland sends DGR £150 for La Pia and requests Blessed Damozel instead of Hero (Fennell 86–7). DGR is reluctant for THC to discuss the Buchanan controversy in Curiosities of Criticism (ADC 15:3).

November Harry Quilter, ‘The New Renaissance; or the Gospel of Intensity’, Macmillan’s Magazine (pp. 391–400), attacks Aestheticism on moral grounds, adding that it has established a monopoly of the arts. WMR, DGR, ACS, WM, EBJ and others are named. On 11 November WMR writes to the editor George Grove, to complain about the invidious and incorrect mention of him and demanding the right of reply, especially to refute that he habitually criticised DGR’s pictures and poems, while habitually praising the poems of ACS. His letter and Quilter’s reply are published the following month, p. 80 (ADC 15:3). TWD looks into the rental of Boltons (former residence of Ruth Herbert) (FredemanMS). 1 (Mon) CGR writes to Rivingtons on behalf of FMLR to ask what the cost would be of reissuing MFR’s A Shadow of Dante at FMLR’s expense. On 3 November (Harrison 2:252–3) they accept Rivingtons’ terms (in fact these are the original terms: the publishers undertake the expense themselves then divide the proﬁts once the outlay is recouped). No proﬁts have yet been received by MFR or latterly FMLR (ADC 15:3). 6 Sandys writes to DGR for the ﬁrst time in many years asking for pictorial advice (ADC 15:3). 7 DGR writes ‘Last Three from Trafalgar’ (ADC 15:3). 8 DGR now has a conﬁrmed habit of never calling at anyone’s house (ADC 15:3). 15 WBS is considering taking 15 Cheyne Walk, when the musician Malcolm Lawson moves out. DGR returns to Found and continues with Salutation of Beatrice. He reads WMR and LMB some of his recently composed sonnets and lyrics, which WMR judges to be ‘some of his best things in both forms’ (ADC 15:3). 18 DGR expresses admiration for the American poet Virginia Vaughan, whose ‘Dramatic Trilogy relating to Italian patriotism’ was sent to WMR. DGR sends JM two sonnets,

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including his latest, ‘Herself’, for which she was the inspiration (FredemanMS; Bryson 121). WMR notes that DGR ‘has of late held aloof from Scott [WBS], ﬁnding him too sour & sarcastic in his remarks about all sorts of people’ (ADC 15:3). DGR plans to exhibit Found (when ﬁnished) and six other recent pictures at the Grosvenor Gallery. DGR also plans to reissue with Ellis an expanded version of Poems. He highly praises Tennyson’s recent poem ‘Rizpah’ (ADC 15:3).

December DGR writes ‘For Spring, by Sandro Botticelli’, ‘For the Holy Family, by Michelangelo’ and ‘Michelangelo’s Kiss’. He works on ‘King’s Tragedy’ and completes ‘True Woman (I–III)’. Samuel Waddington’s English Sonnets by Living Writers is published with contributions by DGR and CGR. DGR sends his Blake sonnet to The Athenaeum, dedicated to FJS. DGR ﬁnishes Day-Dream and enlarges and reframes Ligea Siren (S.234) for Ionides. THC approaches Alderman Edward Samuelson and other members of the Libraries, Museum and Art Committee about acquiring Dante’s Dream for the Liverpool Municipal Gallery. Nine months of negotiations follow, Philip Rathbone opposing the plan. WMR organises a subscription to enable PBM to hire assistance (FredemanMS; Allen 108). 6 (Mon) DGR has by now put together 100 sonnets (40 unpublished) for HL (ADC 15:3). 20 CGR continues to consider issuing a new volume of poems (Harrison 2:255). 25 Owing to EP’s illness, CGR and FMLR are unable to see DGR as usual on Christmas Day; instead, WMR and family visit him (Harrison 2:255). 27 WMR visits DGR and suspects he has been increasing his chloral dose (ADC 15:3). 31 DGR writes to Graham that £150 has been paid on Found (800 guineas), £400 on Boat of Love (800 guineas) and £465 on other work, including Blessed Damozel (1000 guineas) (FredemanMS).

1881 CGR Publication includes A Pageant and Other Poems; Called to be Saints. Plus ‘“Thou art the same, and Thy years shall not fail”’, in W. Walsham

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How, Ashton Oxenden and John Ellerton (eds), The Children’s Hymn Book for Use in Children’s Services, Sunday Schools and Families, Arranged in the Order of the Church Year. The poem is published as ‘Patience of Hope’ in Poems (1888 and 1890). Finances CGR’s account book shows her income to be £71 6s 11d, mostly from shares (Reversionary Interest Shares, National Freehold Share), copyright sale, royalties and birthday gifts (ADC 10:1). DGR is in frequent correspondence with Forman regarding his Keats edition (1883). Hughes and EBJ are occasional visitors (FredemanMS). Buchanan dedicates God and the Man, ‘To an old Enemy’, withdrawing his earlier criticisms. Literary composition includes ‘Alas, So Long’, ‘Insomnia’, ‘Possession’, ‘Raleigh’s Cell in the Tower’ and ‘Spheral Change’ (WDGR xxx). Publication includes Ballads and Sonnets; Poems; ‘Place de la Bastille, Paris’, Atlantic Monthly (vol. 48, p. 546). ‘Last Confession’ and ‘Jenny’ are translated into Italian by Luigi Gamberale (WDGR 649). A pirated edition of DGR’s poems, Verses, is privately printed (BS 92–3). Pictorial work includes • Oil La Donna della Finestra (S.255.R1). DGR relies on FJS to help set up his studio (FredemanMS). TPR suffers a paralytic seizure (ADC 15:4) WMR Publication ‘The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood’, Magazine of Art (pp. 434–7). January Atlantic Monthly begins to publish (for £50) WMR’s series of lecturearticles on ‘Wives of Poets’ (WMR Diary, ADC 15:3); the numbers appear in January to April (pp. 55–65, 155–65, 382–91, 518–25). DGR works on ‘White Ship’. Leyland buys Blessed Damozel (S.244.R1) for £500. DGR insists Graham honours his commission for Boat of Love. Interest in DGR’s work is shown by Glasgow picture dealers Laurie & Son (FredemanMS). 1 (Sat) CGR reassures DGR that publishing with SPCK will not harm her reputation as a poet, and she soon hopes to produce a new poetry volume (Harrison 2:257). DGR, ‘For the Holy Family, by Michelangelo’, The Athenaeum (p. 20). 10 DGR encourages WMR to write a series of sonnets on public events of his lifetime (Democratic Sonnets). DGR plans to

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reissue his old volume and also bring out another as Poems, Second Series, with HL appearing in the old volume and also greatly recast in the new one (ADC 15:3). As part of her promotion of Mathilde Blind, LMB invites friends (the Conways, Richard Garnett, JWM, PBM and GFW) to dinner; Blind reads her poem ‘The Prophecy of Saint Oran’ (ADC 15:3). DGR is attacked in Punch (p. 22; also 22 January, p. 30; 12 February, p. 62). CGR visits DGR; afterwards, he writes to express his pleasure at her visit, and encloses his sonnet ‘Michelangelo’s Kiss’ for FMLR (FredemanMS). DGR writes ‘Cleopatra’s Needle in London’ (later retitled ‘Tiber, Nile, and Thames’) (FredemanMS). The following day he sends it to CGR, adding ‘With me, Sonnets mean Insomnia’ (FredemanMS; Harrison 2:260–1). DGR has sent another sonnet to FMLR and CGR, ‘Raleigh’s Cell in the Tower’, and CGR praises the ending as ‘a grand climax’ (Harrison 2:261). DGR resumes his work on Found but will not tell Graham (ADC 15:3). Death of James Collinson (Harrison 2:xliii). WMR in Newcastle and Glasgow lecturing, then at Manchester visiting FMB to look at his pictures in the Town Hall (ADC 15:3).

February LMB is at Brighton. WMR sends her some of his sonnets. She visits Trelawny (ADC 9:2). DGR paints ﬁgures in Found. DGR receives a folio of lithographs of Raven by ‘a French idiot named Manet’, as a momento of O’Shaughnessy (FredemanMS). 4 (Fri) WMR draws up a list of almost 100 subjects for his sonnets (Peattie 391; Harrison 2:265). 9 WMR composes a sonnet on Free Trade while on the train from Manchester to London (ADC 15:3). 10 DGR advises WMR against the tone of sarcasm in some of his Democratic Sonnets and that there is ‘too much tendency to abrupt & arbitrary turns of phrase à la Browning’ (ADC 15:3). 11 WMR arranges his list of 100 subjects for sonnets into a sequence and then resumes their composition (ADC 15:3). 13 WMR composes ‘Cheap Postage’ (ADC 15:3).

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CGR composes a valentine to FMLR (Crump 3:488). CGR and FMLR read DGR’s sonnet ‘Michelangelo’s Kiss’ (Harrison 2:259). WMR writes in his diary that DGR has begun his ballad on the murder of James I of Scotland (ADC 15:3). WMR composes ‘Napoleon’s Corpse’ (ADC 15:3). WMR composes ‘The Chinese Opium War’ (ADC 15:3). WMR composes the sonnet ‘The Bandieras’ (ADC 15:3), and calls on CGR and FMLR with his sonnets (FMLR Diary ADC 6:16). CGR and FMLR read WMR’s sonnets and praise ‘Hungary and Europe’ and ‘Fenians’ (Harrison 2:265). WMR composes ‘Hood’ (ADC 15:3). DGR completes a sonnet for the picture Found (ADC 15:3). WMR composes ‘Cavaignac’ (ADC 15:3). WMR composes ‘Chartism’ (ADC 15:3). WMR composes ‘The Red Flag’ (ADC 15:3). CGR attends Vespers at the opening of the Chapel of St Katherine, Queen Square, partly ofﬁciated by Dr Littledale (ADC 6:16). WMR admires EBJ’s stained glass at the Grosvenor Gallery. WMR composes ‘Metternich’ (ADC 15:3). FGS discusses DGR’s Day-Dream and La Pia in The Athenaeum (p. 304). WMR composes ‘Manin’ (ADC 15:3). DGR sells a chalk drawing to Tebbs for 50 guineas (FredemanMS).

March Leyland buys Mnemosyne (S.261) (FredemanMS). 1 (Tues) WMR composes ‘Görgei’ (ADC 15:3). 2 DGR tells FMLR ‘The King’s Tragedy’ is ‘written at last’ (FredemanMS). WMR composes ‘The Transvaal’ and wants to publish it immediately. WMR is approached to be patron of a proposed exhibition of democratic art (ADC 15:3). 4 In reply to ABH’s inquiry about visiting DGR’s studio, CGR replies that he does not operate an open studio and that she cannot take her (Harrison 2:266). 6 Tebbs buys two chalk drawings of JM for 200 guineas (FredemanMS). 14 WMR’s housemaid Maria dies from scarlet fever and WMR is concerned for his family. In the evening, DGR reads WMR his completed ballad of James I, and DGR reads and critiques some of WMR’s sonnets (ADC 15:3).

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WMR composes ‘Czar Nicholas’ (ADC 15:3). DGR tells WMR that he earned £500 from the ﬁrst six issues of the ﬁrst Poems (ADC 15:3). WMR composes ‘Heine’ (ADC 15:3). WMR writes a sonnet on the 1854 Russian War (ADC 15:3). WMR composes ‘Felice Orsini’ (ADC 15:3). Ellis has agreed to advance payment of half-proﬁts on sales of ﬁrst edition of DGR’s Poems reissue (DGR thinks he made c.£500 from six editions of 1870 Poems) (ADC 15:3). WMR composes ‘Tyrannicide’ (ADC 15:3). On their seventh wedding anniversary, WMR composes a love sonnet for LMB, in addition to ‘John Brown’ (ADC 17:5, 15:3).

April Six of WMR’s sonnets are privately printed by Davis of Southampton Row. John Slark buys the rights to his Shelley volume. Norman MacColl astonishes DGR by paying £7 7s 0d for a sonnet. Proofs of his Poems arrive regularly. FJS and Miss Bradford make notes for ‘King’s Tragedy’. DGR tells Ellis he has decided to omit ‘Nuptial Sleep’ (denounced by Buchanan) from B&S. Around this time DGR invites THC to stay for a week. DGR has increased his chloral intake and THC ﬁnds he has lost weight, his gaze appears vacant, his voice has lost resonance and he walks with a ‘laboured sidelong motion’. DGR says the writing of ‘King’s Tragedy’ exhausted him. THC describes him as morbid and suspicious (FredemanMS; ADC 15:3; Caine 267–70). 1 (Fri) WMR writes ‘King Bomba’ (ADC 15:3). DGR describes himself as ‘almost too harassed in mind’ to write his ballad on Joan of Arc (FredemanMS). 4–9 CGR and FMLR stay at Cheyne Walk, and CGR probably brings poems for her next volume for DGR’s advice (ADC 6:16, 15:3; Harrison 2:267). 6 CGR and FMLR visit FJS who is painting in DGR’s studio, where they admire his cartoon of St Lazarus rising from the dead (ADC 6:16). 7 DGR reads ‘his magniﬁcent ballad “The King’s Tragedy”’ to CGR and FMLR. The death of Mary Collinson is announced (ADC 6:16). 11 DGR refuses to join Leyland on a trip to Venice. Leyland buys Salutation of Beatrice (S.260) for £685 10s 0d (ADC 15:3; FredemanMS).

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DGR writes to LMB, advising that the publication of WMR’s Democratic Sonnets would ruin his career at the Inland Revenue (Harrison 2:268; FredemanMS). DGR writes to Ellis concerning B&S: ‘I wd rather be at some loss myself than have the book look inartistic’ (FSE 134). THC stays with DGR who renews his invitation of accommodation at Tudor House (FredemanMS; Caine 267–70). CGR writes to AM to offer him her next volume of poetry (P). CGR is careful to ask for the terms to be formalised in writing this time and again insists on keeping copyright as well as correcting her own text. AM agrees to publication without ﬁrst seeing the manuscript. Later in the month she seeks and receives AM’s permission to approach Roberts Brothers about an American edition (Harrison 2:269, 271). CGR sells the copyright of CS to SPCK for £30 (ADC 10:1). WMR and LMB’s twins, Mary Elizabeth and Michael Ford, are born; CGR and FMLR visit the next day. ACS composes an honorary poem, ‘O Gemini!’ (Harrison 2:270; ADC 6:16, 15:3; Thirlwell 245). Agnes Mary Francis Robinson, ‘Pre-Raffaelisti’, Fanfulla della Domenica (p. 1) (Tobin 103). CGR seeks signatures for an anti-vivisection petition to Parliament (Harrison 2:270). CGR writes to WMR that the prospect of a new volume of poems is ‘a formidable upset of nerves’ (Harrison 2:272). FMLR, CGR and EP visit Highgate Penitentiary, and are taken by the Warden to see one of the classrooms (ADC 6:16). CGR thanks Charles Tomlinson for the dedication of his Sonnets (1881) to her (Harrison 2:273). The Athenaeum prematurely announces the publication of DGR’s B&S and Poems (p. 593).

(Mon) WMR notes in his diary that DGR has written ‘Czar Alexander II’ (ADC 15:3). DGR sends CGR and FMLR another sonnet, possibly either ‘Percy Bysshe Shelley’ or ‘Czar Alexander II’ (Harrison 2:274–5). Ward, Lock & Co. decline to publish WMR’s selection of miscellaneous poems but offer compensation (ADC 15:3).

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WMR’s ‘Census Paper’ is published in the The Athenaeum (p. 623). DGR tells Ellis he has received the ﬁnal proofs of B&S. DGR worries whether to include a note to HL denying personal reference in the sonnets. In response to criticisms by JM, DGR has been making sonnet revisions, which he describes to TWD as ‘murdering’ their ‘beauty’ (FredemanMS; VP 212–13). DGR sends Ellis the complete Poems manuscript for Strangeways & Walden (FredemanMS). DGR tells THC B&S ‘is all printed’ by Whittingham (FredemanMS). DGR follows TWD’s suggestion that B&S should be held from press until WMR’s critical eye has gone over them for errors. Proofs are delivered to WMR next day (FredemanMS). CGR writes to Roberts Brothers offering to forgo her proﬁts for the American publication of P, because they would also have to pay Macmillan (Harrison 2:275–6). WBS sends WMR a long response to Democratic Sonnets (LPI 337–8). DGR has begun Desdemona’s Death-Song from a crayon study of MS. WMR notes the reprinting of DGR’s Poems is making ‘rapid progress’ (ADC 15:3). Frustrated at the inability of Orrinsmith to obtain the correct light blue-green tint for the cloth binding of B&S and Poems, DGR wants to try a different binder (FredemanMS).

June WMR writes an article on Kneller for Encyclopaedia Britannica. Publication of B&S is deferred. Following Samuelson’s suggestion, DGR makes alterations to Beatrice’s drapery in Dante’s Dream, and corresponding changes in Graham’s version. DGR’s garden at Tudor House is reduced in size and building work begins on new villas in Manor Street. WMR donates proofs of Lives of Famous Poets, dedicated to MFR, to All Saints Sisterhood (ADC 15:3; FredemanMS). CGR is at work on her proofs. She worries that, despite a ‘minute comparison’ with GM, the new volume will be very long. She asks AM, nevertheless, to ensure that each poem, including sonnets in a sequence, is printed on separate pages, to which he agrees (Harrison 2:276–7). 1 (Wed) CGR writes to William Rounseville Alger to thank him for his School of Life, sent by Roberts Brothers, although

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she regrets the book’s unchristian sentiment (Harrison 2:277–8). White makes arrangements with Whittingham’s for B&S to go to press (VP 213). DGR wants TWD’s advice about whether to omit the second paragraph of his note to HL denying any personal reference in the sonnets (FredemanMS). CGR offers CFM the printer’s copies of P and CS (Harrison 2:278). DGR, worried about building work about to begin behind his garden, asks WBS if he could move in with him (LPI 333). WMR is introduced to Violet Paget (Vernon Lee) (ADC 15:3). CGR has sight of the comet III Tebutt (Harrison 2:279). Around this date DGR is upset by a letter from JM in which she expresses bitterness towards him with regard to the personal nature of certain sonnets. A fragment of a draft of a letter exists in which DGR responds: ‘it is intolerable … to think you incensed against me. Every new piece that is not quite colourless will be withdrawn and the book postponed’ (FredemanMS).

July WMR and family holiday in Littlehampton (Harrison 2:283). DGR draws up a scheme for a ballad and picture, ‘Michael Scott’s Wooing’. THC, visiting DGR, ﬁnds he is expected to move in. He becomes DGR’s companion, secretary and housekeeper. HTD is asked to remove his belongings. DGR is offered a house at Brixton, near Clapham Common, at £130 p/a. DGR complains of deafness in one ear (Caine 275–8; FredemanMS). 2 (Sat) WMR and Mathilde Blind see Gilbert and Sullivan comic opera Patience, which satirises Aestheticism (ADC 15:3). 6 The crisis over DGR’s B&S is resolved, JM satisﬁed with TWD’s verdict that there is nothing objectionable in the sonnets (VP 215). 4 CGR writes to CG that she is not suited for the ‘monastic life’, but she reveres those who are (Harrison 2:280). 7 Ellis decides to postpone publication of B&S until October/ November, a less ‘risky’ season (FredemanMS). 10 DGR contributes to a subscription fund to erect a gravestone for Joseph Severn besides Keats’s in Rome (FredemanMS).

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CGR offers William Garrett Horder poems for his collection The Poet’s Bible (1881), although she worries that they might be too subjective (in the end no poems by her appear in the volume). She also recommends poems by James Collinson and Nicholas Toms Carrington (Harrison 2:281). CGR, FMLR and aunts holiday in Sevenoaks, after CGR spent three days in search of suitable accommodation. CGR is glad to escape the reviews (Harrison 2:283, 287, 290). WMR, LMB and children vacation in Littlehampton (ADC 13:5).

August After a delay by the printer, in the middle of the month, CGR’s P is published. At the end of July, CGR writes to AM, at DGR’s encouragement, to suggest TWD as a reviewer (Harrison 2:276, 285). DGR exhibits oils and drawings at the Fine Art Society. Cornforth agrees to DGR’s suggestion that Cecil Schott becomes FJS’s studio assistant (FredemanMS). WMR tries unsuccessfully to visit Trelawny in the last few days of his life (ADC 15:3). 2 (Tues) CGR receives £1 0s 7d from Roberts Brothers for Poems (ADC 10:1). 6 DGR writes to CGR praising the title poem of P (FredemanMS). 9 CGR writes to DGR that she ‘is not without hope that the “Pageant” may achieve some success as a drawingroom acting piece’. Augusta Webster has sent her new volume of poems and CGR replies with a copy of P; CGR adds that she ‘really has admired’ some of Webster’s poetry (Harrison 2:292–3). 13 CGR, FMLR and aunts return to Torrington Square from Sevenoaks (Harrison 2:288). Trelawny dies. WMR is unable to carry out Trelawny’s speciﬁc instructions regarding his cremation. Taylor and her brother take immediate responsibility (SR 377–80). 16 DGR sends Dante’s Dream for exhibition in Liverpool (FredemanMS). 17 FMLR writes the following on a scrap of paper to CGR on a ‘sample pen’: ‘My dearest Christina, Who loves you if not FMLR. Believe ever in her unchangeable affection I remain true as gold, Your thankful mother Frances Rossetti’ (ADC 6:18).

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FGS discusses Dante’s Dream, on its way to public exhibition in Liverpool, in The Athenaeum (p. 250). THC’s favourable review of P in Academy (p. 152).

September WMR’s ‘Mr Madox Brown’s Frescoes in Manchester’ appears in Art Journal (pp. 262–3). JM sits to DGR for Desdemona. DGR asks friends to write favourable reviews of his poems, anticipating hostilities (FredemanMS; Fennell 91). 3 (Sat) The private view of the annual Liverpool Exhibition of Pictures opens. THC attends on DGR’s behalf. DGR receives a telegram saying Dante’s Dream is ofﬁcially sold for 1500 guineas. THC receives £100 commission (FredemanMS). 4 DGR prompts CGR to thank THC for his review of P. DGR praises ‘Monna Innominata’, and declares ‘Ballad of Boding’ to be ‘grimmish’ (FredemanMS). 5 The Liverpool Exhibition opens to the public. The sale of Dante’s Dream is mentioned in The Times (p. 4), TWD and Hüffer having used their inﬂuence to secure a notice (FredemanMS). 5, 8 CGR writes to DGR about THC’s interpretation of the reference to EBB in the Preface to ‘Monna Innominata’, correcting the perceived criticism (Harrison 2:299–301). 7 DGR writes to CGR that THC did not mean the reference to EBB in the way she read it; he adds that ‘Swinburne’s delight with the Pageant amounted to a dancing and screaming ecstasy’ (FredemanMS). 10 TWD reviews CGR’s P in The Athenaeum (pp. 327–8), praising the sonnets in particular. 18–19 DGR travels with THC and Cornforth to Fisher Place, Fisher Ghyll. While there, DGR astonishes THC by climbing Great Howe. He begins Proserpine (S.233.R3) for Valpy. DGR asks THC to draw up a will leaving everything to Cornforth. THC refuses. DGR raids THC’s chloral supplies. Cornforth informs on THC who has been diluting phials with water (ADC 15:3; FredemanMS; Caine 279–84). 24 CGR writes to DGR that she and FMLR are reading over his new volume of poems appreciatively. CP leaves Torrington Square today after a three-month stay (Harrison 2:302). Review of P in Critic (p. 257).

334 A Rossetti Family Chronology

October Publication of CGR’s CS (Harrison 2:304). Review of P in British Quarterly Review (pp. 480–1). THC leaves Fisher Place to fulﬁl lecturing commitments in Liverpool. DGR refuses Cornforth’s further petitions to alter his will in her favour. She abandons him, returning to London (Allen 131). 4 (Tues), 10 CBC writes to CGR with notes on the meaning of Alzazel (ADC 10:9; TC 23:4 for CBC’s reply). 8 TWD’s unsigned review of DGR’s B&S in The Athenaeum (pp. 457–60), favourably compares the volume with Tennyson’s Ballads and other Poems (1881). 12 CGR writes to DGR that she is reading aloud his poems to FMLR and they particularly admire ‘The King’s Tragedy’ and ‘The Cloud Conﬁnes’ (Harrison 2:304). 15 Edward Dowden publishes an adulatory article of B&S in Academy (pp. 285–6). 17? CGR writes to DGR, in response to his ongoing work on ‘Sister Helen’: ‘I am wanting (yet dreading?) to see some day the additions to Sister Helen.’ She admires TWD’s review of DGR’s poems in The Athenaeum (Harrison 2:305). 17 DGR returns to London, declaring he will never leave home again. B&S, dedicated to TWD, is published by Ellis. ‘Nuptial Sleep’, ‘Church-Porch II’ and ‘On the Site of a Mulberry Tree’ are omitted, the latter, DGR later tells WMR and THC, to avoid offending those of the tailoring profession (WDGR 667). There are four English editions, an American edition by Roberts and a Tauchnitz edition. Reviews are full of praise (ADC 15:3; Ghose 204–5). 19? CGR writes to DGR that she and FMLR are continuing to read his sonnets and she praises ‘Chimes’ (Harrison 2:306). 22 Review of P in Literary World (pp. 372–3), singling out the sonnets for praise. 24 WMR ﬁnds DGR ‘much unstrung physically & mentally’ (ADC 15:3). DGR refuses to see Turgenev and EBJ (VP 211). 25 The ﬁrst edition of B&S sells out (ADC 15:3). A nurse is installed with DGR (Allen 133). 27 WBS calls on DGR and ﬁnds him in a state of extreme distress, protesting that ‘such a success as he had had with both book and picture [Poems and Dante’s Dream] was the forerunner of death’. DGR offends WBS by showing him The Question which WBS believes plagarises his Questioning

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the Sphinx in Year of the World (1846) (Minto 2:305). The following day WBS calls again and reads DGR his poems. To WBS’s distress and disapproval, Cornforth has moved back in with DGR, after the failure of her tavern-hotel at Jermyn Street (LPI 334–5). 30 WMR and family leave for Tunbridge Wells where they plan to meet Blind (ADC 15:3). ? CGR writes to FJS offering notes and suggestions about his portraits of biblical martyrs, partly aided by CBC (Harrison 2:307–10). November DGR works on Proserpine and Joan of Arc replicas. The second edition of B&S sells out. DGR’s correspondence with JM stops; he never sees her again. DGR refuses to admit anyone except by appointment. He accepts visits from FMLR, WMR, CGR, FJS, FMB, EMB, WBS, AB, PBM and JWM. DGR, WMR and THC write to induce TWD, who is ill, to visit. Cornforth and DGR quarrel with the nurse who leaves. FJS helps ﬁnd a replacement, E. Abrey of Wimpole Street. DGR worries about ﬁnances, thinking he is losing his sight and will never paint again. He asks for a priest. Knewstub makes claims for back payment. DGR attempts to intervene to prevent libel action against TWD by Cornforth and Haydon, leading to a ﬁnal break between DGR and Cornforth (ADC 15:3; Mills 271; Caine 286; Allen 132–4; FredemanMS). 3 (Thu) Invited by the Mayor, THC represents DGR at the installation of Dante’s Dream in Liverpool and gives a lecture on the painting (published Daily Post and Echo) (FredemanMS). 5 ‘The Rossettis’, Literary World (pp. 395–6), compares the sonnets in P favourably with EBB’s ‘Sonnets from the Portuguese’. G. A. Simcox’s review of CS appears in Academy (p. 341), complaining about the uneven quality and the natural history, but praising the hymns. 10 DGR’s Poems, dedicated to WMR, is published by Ellis, containing four new poems not in the 1870 edition and omitting HL sonnets and three other sonnets. ‘Bride’s Prelude’ is printed for the ﬁrst time with an explanatory note (VP 200). 14 There are changes at Somerset House. West becomes chairman and Young the departmental chairman. WMR applies for promotion to secretary (ADC 15:3). 17 WMR’s candidature for the secretaryship at Somerset House fails (ADC 15:3).

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CGR, after an early dinner with the Scotts, calls on DGR, ‘whom she found glad to see her, but much weak and depressed’. That morning a nurse had arrived, under Marshall’s orders, to regulate against the excessive use of chloral. CGR ﬁnds TWD and THC in the studio (FMLR Diary, FLCGR 222). CGR writes to WMR in response to his letter about DGR’s distress at the memory of his childhood disagreements with GR. She suggests that DGR consult Burrows for spiritual advice (Harrison 2:310).

December 2 (Fri) CGR writes to comfort and encourage DGR in response to his turmoil and anxiety about his childhood. She admits that she has suffered similar distressful thoughts in the past (Harrison 2:311). CGR visits DGR regularly this month (sometimes unannounced), greatly concerned for his health. 7 CGR writes to DGR on behalf of FMLR to ask whether they can stay with him, but he declines (Harrison 2:312). 10 Joseph Knight publishes an anonymous review of B&S in Le Livre (pp. 722–3). 11 In the company of PBM, JWM and THC, DGR suffers a stroke, resulting in paralysis down his left side. TWD is now with DGR daily (Caine 288; ADC 15:3). 15 A 24-year old medical pupil of Marshall, Henry Maudsley, arrives. DGR’s whisky intake is reduced to a wine glass per day. DGR initially suffers hallucinations as a result of morphine injections prescribed by Marshall and withdrawal of chloral but soon improves and contemplates painting (ADC 6:16, 15:3). 19 CGR asks TWD to recommend her sonnet ‘Resurgam’ to The Athenaeum (Harrison 2:314–15).

1882 Burrows becomes the Canon of Rochester (Wordsworth 189). CGR CGR continues to be involved in anti-vivisection campaigns (e.g. Harrison 3:47). From the autumn she works on LS (SPCR 266). Publication includes Roberts Brothers of Boston reprint of their onevolume edition of CGR’s three poetry collections (Poems); ‘Today’s Burden’, in THC (ed.), Sonnets of Three Centuries.

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Finance CGR’s account book shows her total income to be £62 12s 7d, from shares (six Reversionary Interest Shares, two National Freehold Shares), royalties and birthday gifts (ADC 10:1). Criticism Eric Robertson reviews the American Poems reprint in chapter 10 of English Poetesses: A Series of Critical Biographies (1883). DGR Publication B&S reaches a fourth edition (ADC 15:3). Pictorial work Beata Beatrix (S.168.R5), Risen at Dawn (S.253) and Salutation of Beatrice (S.260), among others, remain unﬁnished. FMB and HTD help to bring them to completion for sale. HTD works extensively on Rosa Triplex for Craven (ADC 15:4). Criticism and acclaim DGR’s death precipitates a ﬂurry of literary activity. Sharp writes D. G. Rossetti: A Record and a Study and dedicates Human Inheritance to DGR. Biographies are published by Carlo Placci in Florence and Charles de Guillaumet in Paris. WMR Towards the end of the year, WMR begins collecting materials for his book on DGR as Designer and Writer (WMR Diary ADC 15:5). He is invited to examine Italian at the Taylorian Institution, Oxford (Thirlwell 205). Through FMB, WMR is introduced to Henry Howorth (MP), C. P. Scott (editor, Manchester Guardian); Alexander Ireland (editor, Manchester Examiner and The Times); and the Manchester organist Kendrick Pyne (SR 483–4, 514). Composition WMR researches Italian masters for Encyclopaedia Britannica (ADC 15:3–4). January Atlantic Monthly (pp. 119–26) contains a review of DGR’s B&S and CGR’s P, probably by James Russell Lowell. DGR writes to CGR about this article, noting that she is praised as the ‘original bard’ (FredemanMS). THC’s Sonnets of Three Centuries is published with contributions by DGR, WMR and CGR. Oscar Wilde gives an address in Chickering Hall, New York, praising the poetry of DGR, WM and ACS (Ghose 203). DGR’s numbness diminishes and he makes progress with Proserpine (S.233.R3) and Joan of Arc (S.162.R3) for Valpy. Relations improve with HTD. Cornforth continues requests for money; she takes one of DGR’s drawings from the studio. JPS offers DGR Westcliffe Bungalow, Birchingtonon-Sea, Kent, free of rent. THC’s 12-year old sister, Lily, recovering from bronchitis, stays at Tudor House (Allen 138–44; ADC 6:16, 15:3). 11 (Wed) Slark agrees to publish WMR’s Shelley compilation. WMR offers to contribute £35 if he receives a proportionate share of proﬁts (ADC 15:3).

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13 14

17 23 28 31

DGR receives £75 from Ellis & White in royalties for Poems (ADC 15:3). CGR thanks CG for sending a copy of her poem ‘Fidelis’, published in the anti-vivisectionist Animal World vol. 13 (Harrison 3:4–5). WBS: ‘R[ossetti] tells me he knows he is dying’ (WBS day diary, LPI 339). WMR notes in his diary that DGR is being given water secretly instead of morphine (ADC 15:3). CGR publishes ‘Resurgam’ in The Athenaeum (p. 124) for two guineas (Harrison 3:38). Leyland asks if HTD can copy A Sea-Spell at Prince’s Gate (Fennell 92).

February (Feb or March) DGR makes sketches of GR (FRC 53a–b) to aid the sculptor of the Vasto monument. WMR notes that DGR is ‘too ill to do himself justice’. J. A. Symonds reviews DGR’s poems in Macmillan’s Magazine (pp. 318–28). HTD lays-in a small-scale version of Leyland’s Salutation of Beatrice (S.260). DGR tries galvanism on his left arm but abandons it when symptoms worsen (FredemanMS). Reviews of CGR’s P and DGR’s B&S in Dial (p. 241). 1 (Wed) CBC calls on CGR and FMLR. DGR also calls and invites them to visit him at Birchington, but FMLR’s visit is postponed because of her precarious health (FMLR Diary, FLCGR 223; Harrison 3:8–9). 4 AB and WBS see DGR for the last time (LPI 338). DGR goes to Birchington-on-Sea with THC, Lily Caine and E. Abrey, Cobb of Margate Bank aiding the venture. He receives visits from TWD, FMB, William Sharp, JPS and CAH (ADC 6:16, 15:3–4; Howell 19; Caine 291). 9 WMR returns to Democratic Sonnets. He has now written 60 (ADC 15:3). 8 CGR receives £12 4s 8d from Roberts Brothers, her Boston publishers of P, which is not selling as well as anticipated (Harrison 3:9; ADC 10:1). 14 CGR composes a valentine to FMLR (Crump 3:488). 18 On MFR’s birthday, CGR visits the Sisterhood at All Saints, Margaret Street (Harrison 3:13). 25 Spectator criticises DGR’s poems as failing ‘to move us’ (pp. 269–70). Thomas Bayne praises their ‘intellectual sub-

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tlety’ in Fraser’s Magazine (pp. 376–84). Edward Dowden acclaims CGR’s contribution to THC’s Sonnets of Three Centuries in his review for Academy (pp. 129–30). March DGR is conﬁned to bed. Marshall diagnoses kidney failure (Allen 143). John Ingram approaches CGR (initially through WMR) to write a biography of Adelaide Proctor for his Eminent Women series, for a £50 fee. She responds on 6 March from Birchington with tentative interest, but on 13 March, after consultation with WMR, she declines, suggesting several of her friends as alternative authors for his series (Harrison 3:17, 22). CGR had conﬁded to WMR on 28 February that she would prefer EBB as a biographical subject (WMR Diary, FLCGR 212). 2 (Thu) CGR and FMLR travel to join DGR at Birchington (FMLR Diary, FLCGR 223). 3 WMR attends a meeting chaired by WHH at Exeter Hall promoting the bill to legalise marriage with a deceased wife’s sister (ADC 15:4). 4 DGR suffers from ‘a terrible defect of digestion’. His left side, especially the arm and hand, is still crippled. CGR notices Proserpine and Joan of Arc ﬁnished in the drawingroom (Harrison 3:15). 10 DGR writes to Chesneau, possibly the last letter in his hand, suggesting a reproductive sketch is made of Dante’s Dream. Chesneau asks for a photograph for publication. DGR’s subsequent correspondence with Chesneau is dictated to CGR (FredemanMS). Realising the seriousness of DGR’s condition, THC takes Lily back to London. CGR gifts her a portable writing desk (Allen 143–4). 14 CGR and FMLR are in DGR’s company frequently and he is able to read novels and newspapers (the last novel CGR ever reads to him is Wilkie Collins’s Moonstone). CGR fears greatly for his health (Harrison 3:24, 51). 16 DGR has ﬁnished 44 stanzas of ‘Jan Van Hunks’ (FredemanMS). 21 CGR thanks CG for sending her two anti-vivisection prayers. She writes to DGR’s physician, Marshall, about DGR’s vomiting ﬁts (Harrison 3:27–6). WMR gives a lecture on ‘Wives of British Poets’ in Wolverhampton (ADC 15:4).

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29

Marshall considers DGR’s immobility largely fanciful and designed to allow a return to chloral and whisky. Marshall recommends travel to Italy (ADC 15:4).

April According to WMR, in the spring CGR composes a poem for WBS, ‘“My old admiration before I was twenty”’ (Crump 3:510), in response to his poem to her, ‘Rose-Leaves’ (Harrison 3:43). 1 (Sat) WMR writes an obituary notice on Longfellow in The Athenaeum (p. 411). WMR travels to Birchington and ﬁnds DGR barely able to walk, ‘half blind’ and in great pain. DGR is dictating a tale, possibly ‘St Agnes of Intercession’ or a ‘prose tale about Antenatal Existence’ (ADC 15:4). 2 WMR visits DGR for the day (Harrison 3:33; Peattie 404–6). Dr Harris, a local doctor, is called as DGR complains of breathing problems. Harris believes chloral abuse has softened DGR’s brain and his symptoms are psychosomatic (ADC 6:16, 15:4). 5 DGR dictates to THC two sonnets illustrating The Question, to be incorporated with ‘Jan Van Hunks’ in a projected volume by himself and TWD (ADC 15:4; Caine 292). 6 DGR ﬁnds speech difﬁcult and has his last long conversation with THC. THC telegraphs for Marshall, WMR and TWD to come immediately. CGR sits up with DGR all night and subsequent nights (ADC 6:16; Caine 292–4). 7 (Good Friday) THC writes for FJS, WBS and FMB to come as DGR is ‘sinking rapidly’ (ADC 15:4; Caine 294). WMR arrives again at Birchington and is ‘in great grief’ (Harrison 3:37; FMLR Diary, FLCGR 224). LMB writes to WMR from Manchester to say that FMB is too busy with work to see him (ADC 9:2). Leyland calls. At DGR’s request, the rector Alcock calls in the evening and prays with him, together with FMLR and TWD (FMLR Diary, FLCGR 224). 8 THC urgently telegraphs FJS to come quickly (Mills 273). Leyland calls again. TWD draws up DGR’s will, witnessed by William Edward Martin of Birchington, Abrey and THC. WMR is appointed executor. FMLR, CGR and WMR are bequeathed their choice of drawing or memento, as are FMB, WBS, EBJ, TWD, ACS, FJS, THC, Leyland, Graham and Valpy. JM is to be given four large chalk drawings of herself. DGR’s remaining property is to be sold and proceeds, after

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9

10

12

14

15

21 22 29

debts, divided between FMLR and WMR; CGR requests FMLR be her substitute (ADC 12:1; Allen 145). Marshall and Harris diagnose uremia (ADC 6:16; Mills 274). Alcock calls again; he reads and prays alone with DGR, who seems to rally (FMLR Diary, FLCGR 224). (Easter Sunday) DGR seems better. Marshall leaves around 9 am. Leyland and Alcock visit. DGR dies at 9.31 pm with FMLR, CGR, WMR, TWD, THC, FJS and Harris around his bedside (ADC 15:4). DGR dies in the arms of TWD (THC makes the same claim for himself) (Baum 111–15; Caine 295). LMB arrives from Manchester just after the moment of death (FLCGR 225). (Easter Monday) CGR goes to Holy Communion. FJS draws DGR on his deathbed (Mills 274–5). Domenico Brucciani makes a cast of DGR’s head and hand (ADC 6:16, 15:4). Leyland and Harris call. Mr Alcock prays aloud by the body with CGR and FJS (FLCGR 225). Sharp arrives to view the body (FLCGR 225). DGR’s death receives substantial attention from leading papers, including The Times (p. 5). DGR is buried in Birchington churchyard. Alcock ofﬁciates. Present are FMLR, CGR, WMR, LMB, CP, Graham, Leyland, TWD, THC, Hüffer, JPS, FGS, GPB, JAH, William Martin, Sharp, PBM, FJS, Harris, Herbert Gilchrist and Lushington. WBS, FMB and EBJ are prevented by illness (ADC 6:16, 15:4; Allen 148; Mills 2:316–18). FJS, TWD and THC stay in Birchington to pack DGR’s possessions. THC begins discussions with Alcock regarding a memorial. WMR is left to pay tradesmen’s bills, including over £100 for chloral, HTD’s unpaid wages, bills for repairs on Tudor House and around £5000 to Graham and Valpy for incomplete work (SR 518). Ellis & White advance WMR £300 (ADC 15:4). CGR and FMLR return to London (FLCGR 226). THC’s obituary of DGR appears in Academy (pp. 266–8). TWD and FGS collaborate on a notice for The Athenaeum (pp. 504–6). CGR receives £2 2s 0d for ‘Resurgam’ (copyright reserved) (ADC 10:1). Alice Meynell, ‘Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Contemporary Poets’, Academy (p. 286). CGR, ‘Birchington Churchyard’, The Athenaeum (p. 538). CGR responds to John Ingram’s suggestion that she write

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a biography of EBB for his series. She is enthusiastic to write on ‘that great poetess and (I believe) lovable woman’, but ﬁrst wants RB’s permission. RB refuses to cooperate and CGR eventually declines the commission (Harrison 3:41, 44). May CGR meets American writer Sarah Knowles Bolton (FLMR Diary, ADC 6:16). HTD paints watercolours of the interiors at Tudor House (ADC 6:16). 1 (Mon) CGR, ‘True in the Main: Two Sketches’, The Dawn of Day (SPCK magazine; pp. 57–9; 1 June, pp. 69–70). 6 Academy (p. 323) contains notices on DGR by Thomas Hancock and W. Wilkins. The latter mentions a DGR Society forming in Dublin. 26 CGR, FMLR and aunts visit Tudor House with WMR, and each choose a drawing and a book as a remembrance. HTD shows them his two watercolour drawings just begun of the drawing room and dining room (FLCGR 226). June William E. Tirebuck’s Dante Gabriel Rossetti: His Work and Inﬂuence is published (ADC 13:5). July American writers Annie Fields and Sarah Orne Jewett call on CGR (ADC 6:16). After Fields’s visit, CGR sends her a copy of her poem ‘A Dirge’ for Fields’s Album (PML MA925). ACS sends CGR his Tristram of Lyonesse and Other Poems and she reciprocates with CS (Harrison 3:51–2, 54). William Sharp visits Torrington Square to gather information for his DGR biography (1882) (Harrison 3:52). LMB and children are in Southend in July and August. LMB spends some time sketching (ADC 9:2). Hostile reviews of DGR’s poetry appear in Contemporary Review (pp. 17–32), by J. C. Sharp, and British Quarterly Review (pp. 109–27). DGR’s Blake manuscript is sold to Ellis for £1 10s 5d (SR 303). FMB sells WMR his shares in Ravenbourne Wharf for £250. Leighton consults WMR concerning a proposed RA exhibition of DGR’s works (ADC 13:5, 15:4). 1 (Fri) Academy (p. 12), Buchanan declares DGR was ‘never a ﬂeshly poet at all’.

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5–7

10

13 15 27

DGR’s belongings are auctioned by T. G. Wharton, Martin & Co., raising c.£3000. TWD, THC and CAH help with preparations. TWD resents CAH’s involvement. TWD keeps Parable of the Vineyard cartoons (ADC 6:16, 13:5; PRT 77). A school teacher from North Carolina, Connie Harrison, writes to CGR about her students’ performance of ‘The Months: A Pageant’ (ADC 10:8). CGR receives £2 2s 0d for ‘Birchington Churchyard’ (copyright reserved) (ADC 10:1). WMR, ‘Talks with Trelawny’, The Athenaeum (pp. 78–9; also 29 July, pp. 144–5; 5 August, pp. 176–7). CGR asks AM whether he would publish in Macmillan’s Magazine ‘A Holy Heavenly Chime’ (later part of ‘Christmas Carols’), also to be published later in the year in WideAwake (Boston), so she can save the English copyright. In the end she has to withdraw from Macmillan’s Magazine because Wide-Awake already has the English copyright, and she offers ‘A Wintry Sonnet’ in compensation to ﬁll the missing space (Harrison 3:53–4, 65–6, 71).

August Walter Hamilton’s Aesthetic Movement in England attributes the origins of the Aesthetic Movement to DGR. Cornforth sells Lady Lilith (S.205A) to Trist for £100 (Surtees 117). WMR receives £28 in royalties for DGR’s books from Ellis & White and £15 for the seventh Tauchnitz edition of B&S. WMR starts gathering DGR letters for publication with a memoir by himself or TWD (ADC 15:4). 2 (Wed) CGR refuses Forman’s request to sign a petition for a civil list pension for Leigh Hunt’s widow Marianne, now remarried (Harrison 3:56–7). 12 CGR prints a note in The Athenaeum (p. 57) lamenting the loss, during the Rossetti Sale, of a valuable copy of Petrarca belonging to her maternal grandfather, containing the autograph of John Philip Kemble. Charles Lamb gives WMR a watercolour of Herne’s Oak, Windsor Little Park, by Shelley (ADC 15:4). September CGR tells WMR that she dreads the publication of THC’s memoir of DGR and that Sharp has written to warn her that his book may not please them (Harrison 3:61–2).

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Gosse and Thomas Wise’s highly laudatory obituary article on DGR appears in Century Magazine (pp. 718–25). FMLR and CGR contribute select and expurgated DGR letters to WMR’s edition. Others are destroyed. WMR proofreads THC’s book on DGR. He is unhappy to ﬁnd ‘Dennis Shand’ included; WMR owns copyright. WMR considers legal action. He gives THC permission to publish ‘On Certain Elizabethan Revivals’ but wants a section on DGR’s literary estimate of OMB omitted as offending LMB and FMB (ADC 15:4). Although resolved amicably, WMR and LMB become distant from THC (Harrison 3:88). 21 (Thu) CGR dines with WMR and LMB, together with FJS, HTD and CBC (FLCGR 227). October Publication of THC’s Recollections of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, which causes some unease for the family (Harrison 3:63, 73). William Sharp writes on DGR in Portfolio (pp. 176–80) and Mary Robinson in Harper’s Magazine (pp. 691–701). HTD works on select DGR crayon drawings for sale next spring, including A Sea-Spell (ADC 15:4). 14 (Sat) CGR writes to the editor of Harper’s to correct inaccuracies in Robinson’s essay on DGR; the letter, however, is never published (Harrison 3:67). 23 FMLR sends AB a sundial from DGR’s estate, which she suggests could be placed in the grounds at Penkill (Harrison 3:68–9). November Publication of Sharp’s Dante Gabriel Rossetti: A Record and a Study. Sharp sends CGR a copy with the request that she provides marginal notes for him where necessary (Harrison 3:70). 1 (Wed) WMR attends the ﬁrst meeting of the Longfellow Memorial Committee at Marlborough Rooms, Regent Street (The Times, 2 November, p. 6). December CGR, ‘A Holy Heavenly Chime’, Wide-Awake, pp. 102–3 (Crump 2:174), for £5 (copyright reserved) (ADC 10:1). WMR consults the solicitor George Lewis regarding rumours that private DGR letters from ACS, Ruskin and others are being offered for sale by Cornforth. The rumours prove false (ADC 15:4). CGR supports the ‘anti-vice’ petition on behalf of the protection of minors, which led to the Criminal Law Amendment Act introduced to

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Parliament in May 1883 and passed in 1885, stipulating long prison terms for the seduction of girls under 16 (Harrison 3:79; Marsh 79). 18 (Mon) CGR writes to AB of her fears that the exhibition of DGR’s paintings at the Burlington Fine Arts Club may ‘pall’ with ‘a glutted public’ (Harrison 3:80). 30 An exhibition of 84 pictures by DGR opens at the RA. FMLR, CP, EP and CGR attend the private view. There is a rehang after Hüffer protests in The Times (p. 6) about overcrowding (ADC 6:16, 15:4).

1883 CGR Publication Letter and Spirit; Poems (Roberts Brothers). Finance CGR’s account book shows her earnings total £128 1s 10d, from shares (six Reversionary Interest Shares, two National Freehold Shares), copyright sale, royalties and birthday gifts (ADC 10:1). DGR FJS is commissioned to design a two-light stained-glass memorial window to DGR at Birchington. He proposes depicting Christ Leading Away the Blind Man of Bethsaida and an adaption of DGR’s Mary Magdalene at the Door of Simon the Pharisee (S.109) (Mills 280–3). Criticism includes Sydney Colvin, ‘Rossetti as a Painter’, Magazine of Art (vol. 6, pp. 176–83); Comyns Carr, ‘Rossetti’s Inﬂuence on Art’, English Illustrated Magazine (vol. 1, pp. 28–40); and William Cosmo Monkhouse discusses ‘Rosa Triplex’ in Magazine of Art (vol. 6, pp. 271–2). Inspired by the RA exhibition, Alfred Gurney writes Dream of Fair Women; WMR is given 20 copies to disperse (ADC 15:4). WMR writes his part of the DGR biography that he envisages will accompany a selection of family letters. TWD never writes his portion (PRT 26). Publication includes Part 2 of Chaucer’s Troylus and Cryseyde … compared with Boccaccio’s Filostrato, translated by WMR (Bornand 44). WMR continues to research short articles on artists for Encyclopaedia Britannica (ADC 15:4). January Gosse approaches CGR to write an article on Dante for Century Magazine. She replies: ‘Family feeling stirs within me—the tradition of my race!’ (Harrison 3:83). Tirebuck’s appreciation of DGR’s paintings is published in Art Journal (pp. 27–8). DGR’s paintings are photographed

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by Hedderly and printed by Davis; WMR places advertisements in The Athenaeum (ADC 11:20, 15:4). 4 (Thu) CGR thanks Sarah Orne Jewett for sending her a book, probably The Mate of Daylight and Friends Ashore (1883) (Harrison 3:83–4). 8 LMB is at Crumpsall with FMB, who thinks he is near death. He gives instructions concerning his will (ADC 12:17, 15:4). 13 A loan exhibition of 153 DGR pictures is held at Burlington Fine Arts Club. Tebbs writes the catalogue introduction. FMLR lends several works. WMR, LMB, CP and EP attend the opening (ADC 6:15, 12:17, 15:4). 15 CGR visits the RA for the third time and admires the rehanging of DGR’s pictures (Harrison 3:84–5). Ellis & White send WMR £68 royalties on the last six months’ sales of DGR’s books (ADC 15:4). 16 WMR asks WM to return the stained-glass cartoons DGR executed for his ﬁrm. DGR’s accounts stand as follows: assets £5300 17s 9d; debts and funeral expenses £2762 10s 10d; residue £2538 6s 11d (ADC 15:4). 18 CGR receives from Macmillan £21 2s 8d as half-proﬁts up to 30 June 1882 for Poems and P (ADC 10:1). WMR receives a letter from Sir Leonard Lyell, claiming to be the heir of Charles Lyell and owner of DGR’s 1848 portrait of GR (S.442), being shown at the Burlington, and requesting its return after exhibition (ADC 15:4). 19 CGR approaches THC to ask if he would like a ticket to the Burlington Club exhibition of DGR’s paintings. The following day she urges him to call on WMR to patch up their friendship (Harrison 3:87–8). 20 In a letter to The Athenaeum WMR refutes a statement in the RA catalogue that DGR’s Found is based on WBS’s ‘Mary Anne’ (p. 95). 24 Death of Michael F. M. Rossetti from meningitis, after complications with teething (ADC 12:17). CGR sits with the family during Michael’s last hours (FMLR Diary, FLCGR 228), and baptises him after death with the permission of WMR (Thirlwell 76). ACS composes an elegy (‘A Baby’s Death’). 25 LMB makes two crayon drawings of Michael in death. FJS also draws him (ADC 12:8, 12:17; Mills 279).

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Michael is buried in Highgate Cemetery. Lines from CGR’s ‘Remember’ are inscribed on his headstone (ADC 12:17, 15:4, 18:4). WMR, LMB and family go to Epsom on the advice of Dr Gill; the Robinsons lend them White Cottage (ADC 12:17, 13:5).

February CGR is involved with organising petitions for minors’ rights and antivivisection (Harrison 3:94). Shadow of Dante earns £13 1s 9d for FMLR in royalties (Harrison 4:419). F. W. H. Myers, ‘Rossetti and the Religion of Beauty’, Cornhill Magazine (pp. 213–24); Harry Quilter, ‘Art of Rossetti’, Contemporary Review (pp. 190–203). 1 (Thu) CGR’s LS is accepted by SPCK (Harrison 3:95). WMR sends FMLR a cheque for £587 13s 8d, half the savings in DGR’s Union Bank account, her share of DGR’s estate (ADC 13:5). 7 LMB and Helen compose elegies for Michael (ADC 9:3). 9 Alcock writes to WMR that DGR’s grave has had ‘a great many’ visitors (ADC 19:1). 12 CGR receives £8 19s 8d from Roberts Brothers for Poems and P (ADC 10:1). CGR calls on LMB, who shows her posthumous portrait of Michael (FLCGR 228). 14 CGR composes a valentine to FMLR (Crump 3:388). 17 CGR publishes ‘Michael F. M. Rossetti’ in The Athenaeum (p. 214), for £2 2s 0d, copyright reserved (ADC 10:1). CGR accepts the dedication of ACS’s A Century of Roundels to her, contingent on the poems being inoffensive to her religious views (Harrison 3:97). 21 WMR sends Fry £350; £200 for the return of three DGR crayon drawings for Astarte Syriaca (S.249C) (ADC 15:4). 26 CGR accepts CBC’s request to become his literary executrix (Harrison 3:98–9). 27 R. Collinson in The Times (p. 10) calls for DGR’s works to remain on public display after the close of the RA and Burlington exhibitions. Support is shown by the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours (ADC 15:4). 28 WMR gives LMB £115 to open her own bank account, taking advantage of the new Married Women’s Property Act (ADC 15:4).

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March CGR arranges to send three pictures given to her by friends to the Whitechapel Fine Arts Exhibition, which aims to make art more accessible to the underprivileged (Harrison 3:106). TWD, ‘Truth about Rossetti’, Nineteenth Century (pp. 404–23). 8 (Thu) WMR gives Pyne a study for Astarte Syriaca (S.249G) (ADC 15:4). 10 RA exhibition of DGR’s paintings closes (ADC 15:4). 14 The Municipality of Vasto holds a fête to celebrate the centenary of GR’s birth. WMR presents the museum with a manuscript of GR’s commentary on Dante’s Purgatorio, hoping its publication will ensue. WMR also sends c.130 GR letters, some books, drawings and a brief family memoir (ADC 15:4). CBC calls to congratulate FMLR on the Vasto celebrations (FMLR Diary, ADC 6:16). 17 The Burlington exhibition closes (ADC 15:4). April CGR, ‘A Wintry Sonnet’, Macmillan’s Magazine (p. 498), for £2 2s 0d (copyright reserved) (ADC 10:1). Julius H. Ward, ‘Rossetti in Poetry and Art’, American Church Review (pp. 371–9). LMB and CMB argue with FMB about his inappropriately close relationship with Mathilde Blind (Thirlwell 171). 3 (Tues) CGR and FMLR go to WMR’s to look through DGR’s works to be submitted to the Christie’s sale in May (Harrison 3:110). 8 WMR sells DGR’s drawings to his children: a preparatory chalk study for Dante’s Dream (£2) to Olive, a drawing of EES (£2) to Arthur and a sketch of A Sea-Spell (£2) to Helen (ADC 15:4). 9 Rathbone presents WMR with a crayon portrait of Helen (ADC 15:4). 10 WMR buys, in absentia, FMB’s circular head of LMB as an infant, sold as part of Lewis Pocock’s collection at Christie’s, for £3 3s 0d (ADC 15:4). 18 WMR forms a skeleton of a sonnet, symbolically referring to OMB, for insertion in Ingram’s Life of Oliver Brown (ADC 15:4). 24 CGR replies positively to John H. Ingram’s suggestion that she write about Ann Radcliffe for his Eminent Women Series. She asks if there is any unpublished material avail-

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30

able; Ingram lends her books by Radcliffe, and WMR lends her The Italian (Harrison 3:112, 114–15). CGR circulates her petition supporting the Criminal Law Amendment Act to ABH, asking her for names (Harrison 3:113). CGR attends an anti-vivisection meeting with ABH at Willis’s Rooms (Harrison 3:113).

May Publication of CGR’s LS (Harrison 3:96). FGS, ‘Earlier Works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, Portfolio (pp. 87–91; June, pp. 114–19). 3 (Thu) Date of CBC’s will, an extract from which is sent by his brother to CGR, 9 December 1883, on CBC’s death (ADC 10:8). 7 Chamberlain, the architect, informs WMR that the Birmingham Art Gallery wants to buy a picture by DGR, possibly Beata Beatrix. WMR suggests Boat of Love, the former being owned by Valpy (ADC 15:4). 11 CGR and FMLR attend Christie’s for a ﬁnal look at DGR’s work. CGR distributes to correspondents a pamphlet on the protection of minors and the age of consent for girls. She comments to ABH that she rarely makes social appointments because of FMLR’s advanced age and their indifferent health (Harrison 3:117). 12 (DGR’s birthday) Christie, Manson & Woods auction 211 DGR drawings and several oils. Sales amount to £4692 (The Times, 9 May, p. 5; 14 May, p. 6). South Kensington Museum buys four works. WMR is invited to the private view of a third DGR exhibition, ‘The Rossetti Gallery’, a commercial venture at 1a Old Bond Street organised by Schott largely from works in Cornforth’s possession, consisting of 31 drawings, oils and watercolours and 27 photographs. The catalogue is the work of CAH (ADC 11:20, 15:4). 14 CGR thanks TGH for a copy of his volume of poems On the Powers of the Alphabet (1883) and for sending her a copy of the ﬁrst issue of the periodical Merry England, which contains his review of LS (Harrison 3:117–18). 16 CGR receives £21 for the copyright of ‘Dante. The Poet Illustrated out of the Poem’, sold to Century (ADC 10:1). She thanks Gosse for his ‘courteous liberality’ (Harrison 3:118).

350 A Rossetti Family Chronology

19

28 29

Cornforth makes a claim of £300 on DGR’s estate, presenting an IOU from c.1876. She also claims £120 for Loving Cup, sold by DGR from her without recompense. HTD makes a claim for work carried out on several crayon drawings (ADC 15:4). CGR writes to Ingram that she will accept £50 for the Radcliffe book (Harrison 3:120). Stock offers to pay WMR £40 for re-editing Germ (ADC 15:4).

June CGR continues to research material for the Radcliffe book, including visits to the British Museum, but has little success in ﬁnding new material, despite applying to John Cordy Jeaffreson, David Masson and Richard Garnett. She writes to WMR on 29 June, ‘I doubt if the Memoir is feasible’ (Harrison 3:120, 125). CP arranges an annual tenancy agreement for 30 Torrington Square (ADC 15:4). Gosse, ‘Living English Sculptors’ appears in Century Magazine (p. 2), followed by his sonnet ‘The Voice of D.G.R.’ (p. 4); WMR recommends both to CGR (Harrison 3:138–9). 3 (Sun) WMR ﬁnds DGR has torn out personal references to himself and EES in PRB Journal (1849–53). WMR writes a sonnet on George Sand. He has now written 71 sonnets. TPR dies in Florence of apoplexy in a Protestant church in Florence, while delivering a sermon on Revelation 5 (funeral on 5 June) (ADC 15:4; SR 543; FLCGR 229). 7 ACS sends CGR and FMLR copies of A Century of Roundels, which he dedicates to CGR (FLCGR 125–6). She replies warmly, singling out for praise ‘Had I Wist’, ‘Sark’ and ‘In Guernsey’ (Harrison 3:122). 8 CGR invites WMR and LMB to Alfred Gurney’s lecture on DGR at Somerville College, Oxford (Harrison 3:121–2). 9 Positive review of LS by G. A. Simcox in Academy (pp. 395–6). 14 WMR sends Valpy a cheque for £1598 3s 3d. GT gives permission for Germ to be reprinted but requests compensation from Stock (ADC 15:4, 18:11). 21 CGR receives £26 from SPCK for copyright of LS (ADC 10:1). 25 FMLR receives £674 16s 5d from WMR as executor of DGR’s will (ADC 6:14). 26 WMR, LMB and the children go to Hythe. The Hüffers are also there (ADC 12:17, 15:4). WMR returns to London in July; the rest stay into August. CMB draws LMB’s portrait (ADC 9:3).

1883 351

July FMLR donates £100 towards a memorial window to DGR (Mills 280–1). 2 (Mon) CGR’s letter appears in The Athenaeum, appealing for information for a memoir of Radcliffe (p. 15). 12 CGR and FMLR holiday in Birchington, while 30 Torrington Square is renovated. CP joins them towards the end of August. They regularly visit DGR’s grave, the church and the house where he spent his last weeks. CGR becomes a temporary member of the Birchington Institute, which allows her access to its reading room; she reads Mary Robinson’s Life of Emily Brontë (1883), in the Eminent Women Series (Harrison 3:127, 129–30, 152). While at Birchington, she corresponds with WMR about FMLR’s wishes for the Birchington memorials to DGR, in particular FMLR’s desire for a cross on the gravestone, which WMR feels is inappropriate. CGR also writes to FJS, on behalf of FMLR, about his designs for the memorial window. 18 Ellis has sent WMR £97 4s 0d in royalties from DGR’s books, mostly for Poems, and WMR comments: ‘Very large this amount, I think’ (FLCGR 128–9; ADC 10:8). 25 LMB writes to WMR of her depression at her inability to paint: ‘but [I] feel as if all power had left me’ (ADC 9:3). WMR replies on 26 July encouraging her to revive her art ambitions (Thirlwell 174). CGR writes to Miss May, criticising Harriet Eleanor King’s The Disciples (1874) for ‘its want of plain downright Christianity’ (Harrison 3:135). Woolner refuses to have his poems from Germ reprinted (ADC 15:4). 27 FMB agrees to design DGR’s gravestone (ADC 15:4). 30 CGR offers to donate £15 towards the cost of DGR’s memorial stone (Harrison 3:134). 31 It is agreed by TWD and Schott’s lawyer Holroyd Chaplin that WMR should pay Schott and Cornforth £65 on condition they make no further claims (ADC 15:4). August CGR and FMLR read Ruskin’s Oxford art lectures, ‘Realistic Schools of Painting: D. G. Rossetti and W. Holman Hunt’ (9 March), ‘Mythic Schools of Painting: E. Burne-Jones and G. F. Watts’ (12 and 16 May), ‘Classic Schools of Painting: Sir F. Leighton and Alma Tadema’ (19 and 23 May), with ‘not a little wonder and dislike’ (Harrison 3:143, 148). ‘The Pulse of English Art in 1883’, Macmillan’s Magazine (pp. 277–85) discusses DGR; CGR draws WMR’s attention to it (Harrison 3:134).

352 A Rossetti Family Chronology

WMR agrees to allow Prof. Dowden, who has been authorised to undertake a complete life of Shelley, to use his copy of the Hitchener correspondence belonging to John Henry Slack. Gosse projects the erection of a sculptural memorial to DGR by Hamo Thornycroft. A medallion or bust in Birchington Church is also considered (ADC 15:4). 3 (Fri) The chemist Dinneford makes a claim on DGR’s estate for £52 in chloral supplies (ADC 15:4). 4 FJS is in Birchington to discuss the design for the windows with CGR and FLMR (FMLR Diary, FLCGR 229). 4–6 WMR spends time at Hythe with his family (ADC 15:4). 7 WMR writes a testimonial for Henry Hake to Lord Aberdare and Vaughan (Dean of Llandaff) for a professorship in chemistry at the University of South Wales (ADC 15:4). 12 WMR sends the Consul General of Italy £1 10s 0d to help victims of a recent earthquake on the Isle of Ischia (ADC 15:4). 27 CGR corresponds with Eric Robertson about the proofs of her entry in his English Poetesses: A Series of Critical Biographies (Harrison 3:156–7). September Joel Benton, ‘Dante Gabriel Rossetti: Apostle of Beauty’, Manhattan pp. 249–53). Mary Garrett of Baltimore orders a large number of photographs of DGR’s work and negotiates for the purchase of Beata Beatrix (S.168.R5). LMB asks for £650, but is willing to accept £450. Garrett’s father has bought Mary in the House of St John (S.110) from the Fine Art Society (ADC 15:4). 6 (Thu) CGR and FMLR return to Torrington Square (FLCGR 229). 17 CGR writes to Ingram declining the offer to write on Radcliffe, because of insufﬁcient biographical material (Harrison 3:160). 26 HTD claims £185 from DGR’s estate. LMB and WMR sign, with Hollings as witness, the deed transferring FMB’s former shares in Ravenbourne Wharf to LMB (ADC 15:4). October 4

(Thu) WMR is introduced to DGR’s Lancashire friend and correspondent William Davies, LMB having met him at the Carmichaels’s home. He gives WMR access to his letters from DGR (ADC 15:4).

1883 353

12

30

Graddon, former travelling manager for Gambart, offers to market the photographs of DGR’s work. WHH dissuades WMR (ADC 15:4). WMR agrees to act as executor for Isabella PietrocolaRossetti’s property in England (ADC 15:4).

November 8 (Thu) In response to an article on ‘Horrible London’ in the Daily News, LMB offers £100, nearly all her savings, towards a government housing scheme (ADC 15:4). 17 F. G. Kitton, a leading Dickens authority, calls on Torrington Square (FMLR Diary, FLCGR 229). 19 Dr Duncan shows WMR his translation of the Divine Comedy. The preface speaks highly of MFR. Duncan would like to dedicate it to WMR (ADC 15:4). 30 CBC plays whist at Torrington Square. This is probably the last time CGR sees him before his death (WMR Diary, FLCGR 213). December ?CGR writes to FJS about her dismay at the sexualised child fairy illustrations by Elizabeth Gertrude Thomson, which he had shown her the previous evening (Harrison 3:165). 1 (Sat) CGR begins to campaign, by writing to Charles Dodgson and others, for votes for her preferred candidate in the Governesses’ Benevolent Institution election in May (Harrison 3:165–6). 7 CBC’s sister, Sophie, informs CGR of his death from heart disease in his sleep the previous day. CGR goes round to view the body (FLCGR 230). CGR is bequeathed the remaining books by CBC at his publishers together with his writing desk, inside which is an envelope with a letter from CGR and a ring, and also a large packet of her letters. CGR goes to Somerset House to inform WMR (FLCGR 138–40; ADC 10:8). Two days later CBC’s brother conﬁrms the terms of the will relating to CGR and adds that he believes from his sister that CGR wishes her letters to be destroyed (FLCGR 139–40; ADC 10:8). 8 LMB visits CGR to offer condolences (WMR Diary, FLCGR 213). 10 CGR requests that Alfred Gurney, a prospective editor of her poems, publishes any poems he chooses by her ‘in its

354 A Rossetti Family Chronology

11

12

13 15

entirety’; she declines to offer biographical details about herself (Harrison 3:167). Burial of CBC in Hastings; CGR does not attend. WMR goes to litany with CGR and FMLR, and afterwards LMB calls to offer her condolences (Harrison 3:170). TWD presents WMR with a bill for £129 13s 0d for his services from the time of DGR’s death (ADC 15:4). LMB takes round to CGR newspaper notices of CBC’s death, all of which are written by members of the Rossetti family circle (WMR Diary, FLCGR 213). Prof. Cayley brings CBC’s desk to CGR (FLCGR 230). WMR’s obituary notice of CBC appears in The Athenaeum (p. 776); CGR writes to thank WMR. She also visits CBC’s grave in Hastings (Harrison 3:169–70).

1884 CGR Composition includes ‘“I toiled on, but thou”’ is composed around this time, according to WMR in his 1904 edition; in the 1896 edition, he dates it around 1875 (Crump 3:509). WMR also dates CGR’s ‘Cor Mio’ around this time; part of the poem became incorporated into sonnet 18 of the Later Life sequence (Crump 3:510). Finance CGR’s account book shows that her earnings total £81 5s 10d, mostly from shares (from six Reversionary Interest Shares and two National Freehold Shares), royalties and copyright sales (ADC 10:1). DGR Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool lends Dante’s Dream for exhibition in Manchester (ADC 15:4). Criticism DGR’s popularity grows in France. According to George Moore, there is a small circle of largely female DGR enthusiasts in Paris. His poems are reviewed by Gabriel Sarrazin in Revue Indépendante. Paul Bourget’s ‘Lettres de Londres’, containing an examination of DGR’s ‘Jenny’ and the Oxford Union murals, is published in Le Journal de Débats. Moore thinks Bourget’s novel L’Irréparable (1884) contains a character based partially on DGR. WMR disagrees, although DGR is mentioned in admiring terms (ADC 15:4; BS 107, 114). WMR becomes a member of the Incorporated Society of Authors (ADC 15:4). Composition includes articles on Italian artists for Encyclopaedia Britannica (ADC 15:4).

1884 355

January 1

10

15

(Tues) CGR visits FJS’s studio and sees his cartoon for the DGR memorial window (Harrison 3:173; FMLR Diary, FLCGR 230). Ellis & White sends WMR £77 14s 0d in royalties on the last six months’ sales of DGR’s books. CGR receives £26 14s 0d from Macmillan as half-proﬁts for Poems and Pageant up to 30 June 1883 (ADC 15:4, 10:1). CGR visits CBC’s grave at Hastings (Harrison 3:170; FMLR Diary, FLCGR 230).

February CGR, ‘Dante. The Poet Illustrated out of the Poem’, Century (pp. 566–73). 9 (Sat) CGR receives £1 6s 10d royalty on sale of DGR’s photographs (ADC 10:1). 11 CGR receives £2 5s 6d proﬁt from Roberts Brothers for Poems (ADC 10:1). 14 CGR composes a valentine for FMLR (Crump 3:489). March WMR is elected an honorary member of the Casa di Conversazione, Vasto. The Municipality of Vasto passes a vote to buy the house in which GR was born. Several of DGR’s drawings are exhibited and sold through Agnew’s Bond Street gallery, including Giotto Painting the Portrait of Dante (S.54) (ADC 15:4). 22 (Sat) CGR and FMLR call on FJS and see the second DGR memorial window in his studio (FLCGR 230). 26 In response to Gosse’s request for an interview, CGR writes that ‘even your skill as an interviewer may fail to discover my poetic schooling’ (Harrison 3:183–4). 27 Arthur Cayley, CBC’s brother, writes to CGR to tell her that Longmans only have a small number of books by CBC and that the sales are very small (Longmans’ balance last year only 18s 2d) (ADC 10:8). 28 CGR receives £4 for selling the copyright of ‘One Sea-Side Grave’ to Century (ADC 10:1). 29 WMR and LMB meet the American portrait painter John Singer Sargent at the Robinsons’ home (ADC 15:4). 30 WMR writes an article for The Athenaeum on the Communist Jules Andrieu, which he hopes will help his wife who is living in Paris on a state pension of £40 (ADC 15:4).

356 A Rossetti Family Chronology

April LMB is in Manchester with Arthur to visit FMB (ADC 9:3). Her health is beginning to improve (Harrison 3:187). 3 (Thu) TWD brings to WMR’s attention DGR’s outstanding debts to Brass and HTD. WMR’s accounts show him to have paid HTD £435 10s 4d for his services in 1881 and 1882, including 3-weeks’ work on Salutation of Beatrice, 4 weeks at Endsleigh Gardens working on drawings and 14 weeks compiling a drawings inventory (ADC 15:4, 15:7). 19 Alfred St Johnston discusses textual differences in DGR’s poetry in Academy (p. 279). JPS considers setting up a subscription fund to commission a further stained-glass window to DGR at Birchington, possibly by FMB, in addition to a medallion portrait (FMB declines but proposes to execute a bust of DGR with decorative details by JPS) (ADC 15:4). 26 CGR and FMLR visit the family graves in Highgate cemetery, to mark the thirtieth anniversary of GR’s death (Harrison 3:187). May CGR, ‘One Sea-Side Grave’, Century Magazine (p. 134). First of WMR’s ‘Notes on Rossetti and his Works’, Art Journal (pp. 148–52; June, pp. 165–8; July, pp. 204–8). 2 (Tue) Alcock objects to FJS’s Mary Magdalene stained-glass design for Birchington Church as ‘unedifying’. CGR goes with him to FJS’s studio, and eventually FJS agrees to do another window based on DGR’s Passover in the Holy Family (S.78). Alcock approves of the Blind Man of Bethsaida light (FLCGR 231; ADC 12:17, 15:4). 3 CGR writes to thank William Sharp for his new volume of poems, Earth’s Voices (1884). While selecting poems on DGR for praise, she hints her ‘regret’ at ‘Madre Natura’ (Harrison 3:190). 31 Samuel Waddington, ‘Sonnets of Rossetti’, Academy (p. 385). June CGR’s poem ‘Roses and Roses (“Where shall I ﬁnd a white rose blowing?”)’ is printed to be sold for a bazaar for a Boys’ Home at Barnet

1884 357

(ADC 10:4). WMR looks to compensate VCP, who owned Return of Tibullus to Delia (S.62.R2), worth £30, that DGR borrowed c.1870 to paint an oil version but never returned, and sold on without informing VCP (ADC 15:4). 3 (Tue) LMB wants WMR to use £500 from DGR’s estate to buy up the mortgage on Ravenbourne Wharf (ADC 15:4). 16 WMR advises TWD to publish his novel Dukkerypen (written 1870), having received an offer from Hurst & Blackett, suggesting TWD explains the date of composition in a prefatory note (ADC 15:4). 18 HTD presents FMLR with an oil portrait of DGR recently painted by himself (WMR thinks it based on an 1864 photograph by Dodgson) (ADC 6:15, 15:4). 29 JPS and FMB abandon the project for a monument to DGR in Birchington Church for the alternative project, suggested by FMB, of a water fountain by JPS in front of Cheyne Walk House surmounted by a bronze bust by FMB. FMB would also like a drinking trough for dogs. A subscription of £500 is to be raised. WMR proposes Sharp as working secretary and FGS as honorary secretary (ADC 15:4). July CGR, FMLR and EP visit FJS’s studio to see his memorial window to DGR: ‘what we saw excelled what I went prepared to see’ (Harrison 3:197). WMR and family are on holiday at Herne Bay, Kent. Shortly after their arrival, LMB suffers another attack of illness (Harrison 3:198, 210; ADC 9:3). 6 (Sun) WMR sells CFM works by DGR amounting to £59, including Dantis Amor (S.117A; £15), a portrait of EES (S.477; £15), and EES’s Clerk Saunders (£25) (ADC 15:4). 7 WMR offers VCP Aspecta Medusa (S.183) or £30 in compensation for Tibullus and Delia (ADC 15:4). 10 WMR is introduced to Oscar Wilde and Captain Sinnett at a soirée of Lady Duffus Hardy (ADC 15:4). 12 FMB, WMR, LMB and family leave London for Herne Bay (FMB returns on 15 July) (ADC 13:5, 15:4). 24 DGR’s gravestone, designed by FMB, is erected at Birchington. Photographs are given to Building News and British Architect (ADC 13:5). 29 WMR is asked by the editor of The Athenaeum to write a notice on the late AMH (ADC 13:5).

358 A Rossetti Family Chronology

August FGS writes on DGR’s monument in The Athenaeum (ADC 13:5). 16 (Sat) WMR returns to London. LMB and the children stay behind. WMR returns to Herne Bay 23–4 August as LMB is ill (ADC 15:4). 25 At JPS’s request, WMR writes a short notice for The Athenaeum on FJS’s stained-glass designs for JPS’s church at Llanbadarnfawr, near Aberystwyth (published 6 September, p. 312). 26 CGR and FMLR begin their holiday in Birchington-on-Sea (Harrison 3:xxxvii). While in Birchington, CGR writes regularly to FJS about the memorial window, hoping that they may see it installed before the end of their holiday. FMLR is gratiﬁed to hear of the number of visitors at DGR’s grave, including one lady ‘who fainted in her distress’ (FLCGR 231). September 11 (Thu) Isabella Pietrocola-Rossetti marries Lionel Cole, nephew of the late Lord Corgleton, in order to continue the ‘Italian-protestantizing work’ carried out by TPR and herself (ADC 13:5, 15:4). 15 Mary Rossetti contracts scarlet fever (ADC 15:4). On 19 September, Olive, Helen and WMR receive a medical order to leave 5 Endsleigh Gardens; they move into 30 Torrington Square. Mary is quarantined and LMB nurses her (ADC 15:4, 9:3; Harrison 3:214). 17 CGR receives £2 honorarium on the reprint of eight poems from SS by Routledge (ADC 10:1). October LMB and Mary visit FMB in Manchester, as part of Mary’s recuperation (ADC 9:3). WMR returns home, after the house has been disinfected (Harrison 3:220). WMR, ABH, Seddon, Gurney and TWD view the DGR memorial windows at FJS’s studio (Harrison 3:225, 228). 16 (Thu) WMR is informed that Achille Pietrocolo-Rossetti has died of liver disease (ADC 15:4). 16/17 EP has a stroke (ADC 6:14, 15:4). 18 FMLR receives £26 19s 5d from WMR as executor of DGR’s will (ADC 6:14).

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23

24

28

FJS’s memorial window to DGR, made at Heaton & Butler’s glassworks, Garrick Street, is installed at Birchington Church (ADC 12:17, 15:4). FMLR commissions Italian translations of CGR’s ‘Hope is like a harebell’ and DGR’s ‘Sea Limits’ from Agostino Olivieri (Harrison 3:226). CGR and FMLR see the ﬁrst memorial window to DGR in Birchington Church, which they admire. CGR writes her own notes on the light FJS based on DGR’s Passover of the Holy Family, for Alcock, after consulting Frederick Littledale on a biblical detail. CGR also forwards FJS’s own notes on the second light, not yet installed (Harrison 3:227). CGR and FMLR return to London (FLCGR 232).

November WMR pays HTD £115 10s 4d, settling his balance. WMR proofreads TWD’s article on poetry for Encyclopaedia Britannica (ADC 15:4). 17 (Mon) ACS sends CGR his volume A Midsummer Holiday and Other Poems, drawing her attention to his poem ‘A Ballad of Appeal, to Christina G. Rossetti’, in which he urges CGR to turn to writing poetry again (FLCGR 147; ADC 10:8). CGR replies on 19 November: ‘Pray believe that dumbness is not my choice.’ She petitions for his vote for pensions from the Governesses’ Benevolent Institution (Harrison 3:232). 20 CGR receives £4 15s 10d from Longman & Co from the sale of works by CBC. After 38 years service, CP leaves the employment of Lady Bath and retires, aged 82 (ADC 10:1, 15:4). December CGR, ‘Oh Lady Moon’, St. Nicholas Magazine (p. 125), illustrated by J.W.L. HTD claims a further £6 from DGR’s estate. HFP has a paralytic seizure (ADC 12:17; 15:4). 11 (Thu) A printed notice is posted to Endsleigh Gardens asking for the owners’ acquiescence to a proposed underground rail scheme. WMR declines because of lack of information (ADC 15:4). 20 CGR thanks Gurney for the gift of his book A Christmas Faggot (1884), and for his forthcoming essay on DGR in Monthly Packet (Harrison 3:234).

360 A Rossetti Family Chronology

1885 CGR Nurses the ageing EP and CP, and worries about FMLR’s frailty. CGR ﬁrst meets Lisa Wilson (Harrison 3:263, 4:123), and, in the winter, DGR and CGR enthusiast KT, to whom CGR gives a family copy of Gaskell’s Cranford. CGR tells her she receives ‘crowds of American visitors’. KT also begins to send poems to CGR and WMR for comment (Tynan 185–6). Composition includes ‘A Sick Child’s Meditation’ (Crump 3:378). Publication includes Time Flies. Finance CGR’s account book shows her earnings total £573 14s 11d, mostly from HFP’s legacy and a gift from FMLR, but also some income as usual from six Reversionary Interest Shares and two National Freehold Shares (ADC 10:1). DGR Criticism Louis Judson Swinburne, Rossetti and the Pre-Raphaelites. WMR joins the Society for the Protection of Girls from Prostitution, and attends a demonstration of around 35,000 in Hyde Park (ADC 15:4). WMR initiates a subscription fund for Whitman, with subscribers including LMB, Robert Louis Stevenson, Henry James, Professor Dowden and Amy Levy (Thirlwell 197). Composition includes starting Dante Gabriel Rossetti as Designer and Writer and contributing articles to Encyclopaedia Britannica (ADC 15:5). January WBS and AB decide to withdraw their names from the subscription list for a drinking fountain in DGR’s honour (ADC 15:4). 6 (Tues) HFP dies peacefully in Cheltenham, aged 77, having suffered a stroke (ADC 12:17, 15:4). 7 WMR agrees to contribute to a new Revue Contemporaine, invited by Sarazin (ADC 15:4). 13 WMR and CP attend the funeral of HFP at St Gregory’s, Cheltenham. Only WMR and Mrs Waddy attend the interment in Prestbury Cemetry; CP and others are too ill or frail. WMR employs the lawyers Wyatt & Bruand of 143 Cannon Street to execute the will. WMR and CGR inherit £250 each, HFP’s wife £1000 and the residue of about £3000 is to go to FMLR, CP and EP (ADC 15:4).

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26

CGR receives £26 3s 1d from Macmillan as half-proﬁts for Poems and P up to 30 June 1884 (ADC 10:1; Harrison 3:239). CGR’s ﬁrst letter to William Bryant, who solicits alms from her. He continues to appeal to her intermittently until her death; she often sends small sums, but at times resists his applications, pleading her own impoverishment (Harrison 3:241, 245; SR 510–11). Lisa Stillman, who spends a few days with WMR and his family, makes a crayon portrait of Olive (ADC 15:4).

February Alfred Gurney’s article on DGR, ‘A Painter’s Day-Dream, and the Vision that Ensued’, Monthly Packet (pp. 185–93). 3 (Tue) WMR, LMB and the Hüffers visit the Japanese Village organised by Sir Rutherford Alcock at Albert Gate, Knightsbridge (The Times, 10 January, p. 6; ADC 15:4). 6 The amount of HFP’s property after legal deductions is £5592. WMR pays £168 in probate duty. WMR writes three lines of poetry in honour of Victor Hugo’s 83rd birthday for Gil Blas (ADC 15:4). 12 LMB is taken ill with bronchial pneumonia (ADC 15:4). 14 CGR composes a valentine for FMLR (Crump 3:489). March A second edition of WMR’s Lives of Famous Poets is published by Ward & Lock (SR 407–8). Parker informs WMR that the family of his late father-in-law, Hedderly, will continue to print photographs of DGR’s works. Sarazin requests permission to engrave the head of Dante in Dante’s Dream for Revue Contemporaine; WMR arranges for Hedderly’s son to send photographs but copyright has to be sought from the Walker Art Gallery and Samuelson (ADC 15:4). April Ellis proposes to publish a cheap stereotyped reprint of DGR’s 1881 Poems. WMR would prefer a selection to be made from the original two volumes (ADC 15:4). 6 (Mon) CGR thanks Sarah Knowles Bolton for a copy of her biographical memoirs, How Success is Won (1885) (Harrison 3:252).

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13–28

20 22

23 25

WMR, LMB and Olive holiday in Bournemouth. WMR and LMB view Sir Percy Shelley’s collection at Boscombe Manor. WMR becomes well acquainted with Keningale Cook who is staying near the New Forest (ADC 13:5; SR 363, 506). CGR receives £250 as a legacy from HFP, which after legacy duty comes to £242 10s 0d (ADC 10:1; Harrison 3:256). CGR writes to FJS in concern for his health, and to tell him that two of her entries in TF (23 January and 28 April) were inspired by conversations with him (Harrison 3:257). CGR sells the copyright of TF to SPCK for £40 (ADC 10:1). Through ill health, CGR declines an invitation from Ernest Hartley Coleridge to write a homage piece on Samuel Taylor Coleridge (Harrison 3:258–9).

May LMB visits FMB in Manchester with Olive and Helen, where she enjoys reading an edition of George Eliot’s letters (ADC 9:3; Harrison 3:261). CGR and FMLR decide not to join CP and EP on holiday in Brighton, but instead embark on a series of drives to restore their health (Harrison 3:262). 1 (Fri) Publication of TF (Harrison 3:257). 3 WMR is introduced to the composer Goring Thomas through Hüffer (ADC 15:4). 15 CGR meets Dodgson and they talk about anti-vivisection (Harrison 3:263; Green 435). WMR meets Jacques Darmesteter (ADC 15:4). 19 CGR receives £200 from FMLR, probably part of FMLR’s share of HFP’s legacy. FMLR offers to contribute £100 to DGR’s memorial drinking fountain; WMR opposes family involvement at this stage (ADC 10:1, 15:4). 26 CGR sends to Sarah Knowles Bolton a contribution for her American religious periodical Wide-Awake, probably ‘Brother Bruin’ (Harrison 3:265, 270). June 6 13 20

(Sat) WMR reviews John Cordy Jeaffreson’s Life of Shelley in The Athenaeum (p. 720). WMR urges President Cleveland to help Whitman in his old age (ADC 15:4). Grace Aguilar visits CGR to show her cantata of ‘Goblin Market’, which she wants to perform (ADC 19:1).

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27

Dodgson visits CGR, leaving her hymns by his young child friend May Mileham, which she admires (Harrison 3:267). Review of TF in Academy (p. 454).

July LMB is in Bournemouth for her health with the children until the end of August. She is visited by FMB (ADC 9:3). Herbert Gilchrist is named secretary and WMR treasurer of a Whitman subscription; WMR is disappointed with the response, receiving only £80 (ADC 15:4). 6 (Mon) WMR arranges with Graham of 43 Charterhouse Square that he should take over printing photographs of DGR’s works. WMR sends him all the negatives (ADC 15:4). 13 WMR, LMB and the children visit Bournemouth. WMR returns on 28 July, LMB on 31 August (ADC 13:5, 15:4). August WMR reorders for FMB a cast of the head and hand of DGR by Brucciani. When the moulds cannot be found, Brucciani makes new ones from casts in WMR’s possession (ADC 15:4). 5 (Wed) KT writes to WMR from Dublin with a copy of her book of poems and in extravagant homage to DGR. On 9 August, CGR invites her, through WMR, to send a volume of her poems (ADC 24:15; Tynan 185). 9 FMB calls at Torrington Square with WMR to look at portraits of DGR in preparation for beginning his memorial bronze medallion on the fountain near Tudor House. Dr Littledale also calls (FLCGR 232). Mrs Wieland (widow of Warington Taylor) dies, leaving WMR £100. WMR is appointed co-executor of her will with McCreary. The estate is valued at £9104 (ADC 15:4; Bornand 74). 15 CGR accepts a request from the Hakes to be the godmother to their daughter Ursula Christina, who is baptised at St George’s Church, Campden Hill, on 25 August (Harrison 3:274; ADC 12:17). 19 CGR thanks KT for the gift of her book Louise de la Vallière, and Other Poems (1885), which she praises for its poetry and piety, and sends in return a copy of TF. This marks the beginning of her friendship with KT (Harrison 3:277, 294).

364 A Rossetti Family Chronology

September 21 (Mon) CGR and FMLR view with admiration FMB’s sketch for a plaster head of DGR for the memorial fountain (Harrison 3:279). October WMR proofreads TWD’s article on DGR for Encyclopaedia Britannica (ADC 15:4). 1 (Thu) Ellis writes to WMR that his successors will not continue to publish DGR’s books, so WMR will have to ﬁnd a new publisher for his collected works and for the Family Letters project (ADC 15:4). 16 CGR sells the copyright of ‘Brother Bruin’ (to Wide-Awake) for £5 2s 8d (ADC 10:2). November CGR sends TF to ABG, who is dying (Frend 825). 20 (Fri) CGR receives from Longmans & Co £1 7s 11d royalties from the sale of CBC’s books (ADC 10:1). 24 CGR thanks Frances Grenfell Kingsley for a copy of Out of the Deep, a religious periodical, but declines to join its staff (Harrison 3:284). December LMB stays at The Clarendon, Ventnor, Isle of Wight, to recuperate with the children (ADC 9:3, 12:17, 15:4). CGR, ‘Brother Bruin’, appears in the US illustrated periodical for children, Wide-Awake (pp. 11–12). 14 (Mon) CGR writes to Ellen Proctor about her fears that Home Rule for Ireland would be detrimental to the Anglican Church (Harrison 3:286–7). 25 WMR spends Christmas in Torrington Square. After dinner he reads out his essay in progress on DGR’s correspondence. CGR is gratiﬁed that Roberts Brothers in Boston have brought out an American edition of TF (Harrison 3:289).

1886 CGR takes an active interest in Ellen A. Proctor’s parish work at Ratcliff, with the Factory Girls’ Club (1886–87); her home nursing duties prevent her becoming a working member (Proctor 66–8). Publication Roberts Brothers publish a US edition of Time Flies.

1886 365

Finance CGR’s account book shows her income to be £227 5s 1d, mostly from legacies, shares (National Freehold, Reversionary Interest Shares) and royalties (ADC 10:1). WMR LMB stays at Ventnor until May. WMR visits from time to time. Cook & Lomer of Copthall Street becomes WMR’s stockbroker. WMR offers to review Cook’s Fathers of Jesus (1886) in Revue Contemporaine. The Shelley Society is set up by Furnivall. WMR is appointed Chairman until 1895 (ADC 12:17, 15:4). Composition includes articles on Shelley and others for Encyclopaedia Britannica; invitation to write a biography of Keats for the Great Writers series, ed. Eric Robertson (SR 385–403, 479). Publication includes Shelley’s Prometheus Unbound: A Study of its meaning and personages; A Memoir of Shelley, 2nd edition (ﬁrst published 1870); (ed.) Poems of Walt Whitman (2nd edition). January CGR reads aloud to FMLR the memoir and letters of Sara Coleridge (Harrison 3:294). At the end of the month, CGR refuses Sharp permission to reprint ‘Monna Innominata’, presumably in Sonnets of the Century (1886) (Harrison 3:297, 299). 10 (Sun) WMR writes a letter on ‘Truth about Shakespeare’ to Pall Mall Gazette (ADC 15:4). 13–c.10 Feb WMR begins a visit to LMB in Ventnor (ADC 9:3). 26 CGR receives £14 10s 5d from Macmillan as half-proﬁts up to 30 June 1885 for Poems and P (ADC 10:1). February Unsigned favourable review of Time Flies in Book Buyer (New York) (p. 27). FMB’s large model of the alto-relief for the proposed drinking fountain to DGR at Cheyne Walk is ﬁnished (Hueffer 375). It is later exhibited at South Kensington Museum. WMR hopes that TWD might agree to the inclusion of ‘Jan Van Hunks’ and ‘Question’ in Complete Works (ADC 15:4). 11 (Thu) WMR returns to London (ADC 15:4). 14 CGR composes a valentine to FMLR (Crump 3:489). 15 CGR receives from Roberts Brothers £2 0s 8d as royalties from Poems and P (ADC 10:1); WMR receives £3 14s 6d as royalty from DGR’s Poems and B&S (Harrison 3:302). 16 CGR writes to LMB of the ‘alarm’ caused by the London riots, initiated by the economic recession (Harrison 3:301).

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25

FMLR falls in her bedroom and hurts her back. She is in considerable pain and is bedridden (FMLR Diary, FLCGR 232; ADC 12:17).

March Ellis & Scrutton proposes paying 18 per cent royalty on CWDGR and FLDGR but keeping proﬁts from the sale of old stock. Hurst & Blackett offer a higher percentage in royalties. Negotiations continue, with TWD approaching other publishers (ADC 15:4). 1 (Mon) FMLR’s health deteriorates. The doctor diagnoses ‘a shock to the spine’ (WMR Diary, FLCGR 213). William Sharp, ‘The Rossettis’, in Fortnightly Review (pp. 414–29), places CGR second only to EBB. 4 CGR seriously concerned for FMLR’s health. WMR visits daily (Harrison 3:304). 10 LMB coughs blood, although the doctor reassures her that it comes from the back of the throat. Her health at this period frequently leaves her weak and bedridden. Annie Jackson, one of the All Saints’ trained nurses, is engaged to help look after FMLR (ADC 9:4, 12:17). 27 WMR, who makes daily visits to FMLR, writes in his diary that she speaks of death ‘with calmness & even with a wish for the end’. FMLR’s diary reads agitated and makes little mention of religious faith (ADC 12:17, 15:4). April WMR, ‘Ford Madox Brown: Characteristics’, Century Guild Hobby Horse (pp. 48–54); WHH, ‘Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood: A Fight for Art’, Contemporary Review (pp. 471–88; May, pp. 737–50; June, pp. 820–33). 2 (Fri)–3 A number of important works by DGR is sold at the auction of Graham’s collection at Christie and Manson’s. The National Gallery buys Ecce Ancilla Domini! for £840 (Art Journal, p. 157). 8 Death of FMLR, after several days of unconsciousness (Harrison 1:223; CGRFL 213; Peattie 485). WMR, CGR, Dr William Edward Stewart and Annie Jackson are present at her death (ADC 12:17, 15:4; SR 525). CGR assists in the nursing duties to the end, adding in the diary she kept for FMLR (despite her unconsciousness), ‘so dear a saint’: ‘My beautiful mother looked beautiful after death, so contented as almost to have an expression of pleasure’ (FLCGR 233).

1886 367

9

12

16

17 21

25

CGR writes to Lady Georgiana Mount-Temple: ‘I have been grieved before but never so desolate as now’ (Harrison 3:309). Funeral of FMLR at Christ Church, Woburn Square, taken by Revd John Glendenning Nash. She is buried in the family grave at Highgate Cemetery. WMR, CGR, EP, Hüffer and CMB attend. CP is too ill. EP does not go to the graveside. CGR is made executrix and sole legatee (almost £4000), except for £100 bequeathed to WMR (along with FMLR’s books). CGR states her intention to compensate WMR £2000 for his maintenance of her, when she was mostly dependent on him from 1854 to 1876. She cannot, however, draw this sum from her inheritance. WMR agrees to David Croal Thomson’s request to make a photogravure of Ecce Ancilla Domini! for publication (FLCGR 213–14; Harrison 3:314; Peattie 488; ADC 6:17, 15:4). CGR writes to Rivington’s to inquire about FMLR’s share of any interest in A Shadow of Dante, which is now bequeathed to her (Harrison 3:311). WMR reviews Life of Longfellow in The Athenaeum (p. 513). After speaking separately to her aunts, CGR decides to continue living with them at Torrington Square (Harrison 3:314). TWD, ‘The Life of D. G. Rossetti’, Spectator (pp. 596–7).

May CGR writes to the Committee of the Royal Literary Fund on behalf of Agostino Olivieri (Harrison 3:321). CGR pays £177 probate duty on FMLR’s estate (ADC 6:17). 18 (Tue) CGR writes to WMR about FMLR’s estate: she will sell bank stock at 3 per cent, which should raise £99. FMLR has left £500 to All Saints. CGR relinquishes interest in sale of DGR’s property (Harrison 3:323). 19 LMB and children return to London (ADC 9:5). June FGS resigns as secretary of the DGR memorial fountain project, taking offence when FMB fails to confer but talks directly to JPS (ADC 15:4). Helen Bromley, LMB’s aunt, dies (SR 543). 1 (Tue) CGR receives £17 13s 10d from FMLR’s last bank warrant (ADC 10:1).

368 A Rossetti Family Chronology

2 9 12

25

CFM makes WMR a present of his 1851 portrait by DGR (ADC 15:4). WMR gives CFM ‘Sir Hugh the Heron’ (ADC 15:4). Dodgson calls on CGR with Beatrice Earle (Green 442). WMR writes a review of Violet Paget’s Baldwin in The Athenaeum (pp. 773–4). CGR receives £5 10s 8d from WMR as DGR’s executor at quarterly settlement (ADC 10:1).

July At CGR’s suggestion, WMR begins to regularly call at Torrington Square on Shelley Society meeting nights, the second Tuesday of the month (Harrison 3:328; FLCGR 177–8). 17 (Sat) WMR reviews Blind’s Heather on Fire in The Athenaeum (pp. 75–6). 14 CGR receives £16 13s 6d as FMLR’s executrix from a halfyear’s dividend in West Midland Water Works (ADC 10:1). 26 LMB begins reading for the life of Mary Shelley she proposes to write for Ingram’s series (ADC 15:5). August LMB is in Manchester (Harrison 3:336). 4 (Wed) WMR sells Murray the manuscript of nine sonnets from HL for £2, ‘a low price’ (ADC 15:5). 12 CGR has been ordered by her doctor to go on holiday, after the stress of FMLR’s death. Shortly after her arrival in Brighton with Olive, CGR suffers a severe choking ﬁt. CGR and Olive frequent the aquarium, and CGR helps Olive with her blank verse drama Theseus (Harrison 3:337–8, 341–2; ADC 15:5). September 30 (Thu) CGR receives £12 15s 5d from WMR as DGR’s executor at quarterly settlement (ADC 10:1). October FJS, ‘Some Notes on Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, Century Guild Hobby Horse (pp. 140–54). 2 (Sat) WMR approaches Roberts Brothers of Boston to see whether they would like to issue an American edition of DGR’s collected works (ADC 15:5).

1886–1887 369

4 6 15 29

CGR dines with WMR and his family, ‘an incident perhaps unprecedented these four years’ (ADC 15:5). CGR corrects WMR’s preface to CWDGR: she reminds him of DGR’s demonstrative affection for FMLR (Harrison 3:343). CGR receives £4 13s 0d as her royalty from Rivington’s for MFR’s A Shadow of Dante up to 30 June 1886 (ADC 10:1). Fox tells LMB that she still has a bronchial condition and recommends that she leave for the Riviera (ADC 15:5).

November 12 (Fri) CGR receives £1 3s 7d as her annual settlement from Longmans & Co for the royalties from CBC’s books (ADC 10:1). 16 LMB leaves for San Remo with Olive and Arthur, staying at the Hotel Royal. Helen is sent to stay with CMB and Mary at FMB’s (ADC 15:5, 9:5). 22 CGR tells TWD she’s at work with what will become FD. CGR’s lawyer is concluding FMLR’s estate and she is anxious to know what her annual income will be and worries about ‘the somewhat expensive scale on which we are all together keeping house’ (Harrison 3:346–7). December WMR (ed.), The Collected Works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, by Ellis & Scrutton and Ellis & Elvey, containing previously unpublished poems and translations. WMR intends it to be ‘brief and condensed rather than discursive’ (SR 477). Further editions in 1891, 1898, 1900, 1904, 1908, 1911 (ADC 15:5). 23 (Thu) CGR receives from WMR £5 14s 5d from WMR as DGR’s executor at quarterly settlement (ADC 10:1).

1887 CGR helps WMR’s children learn Italian by correcting their letters to her, and, probably also this summer, CGR writes to LMB urging her children be baptised (Harrison 4:51, 32). Composition includes ‘To Mary Rossetti’ (Crump 3:510). Finance CGR’s account books shows her total income to be £396 12s 4d, mostly from legacies and shares (35 Reversionary Interest Shares make £87 10s 0d on 4 January and 29 June; West Middlesex Water Works shares, National Freehold) (ADC 10:1).

370 A Rossetti Family Chronology

Criticism Edmund Clarence Stedman, in his revised Victorian Poets, highly praises CGR’s sonnets and lyrics, but not her longer poems. DGR Criticism Biographies are published by Knight and P. W. Nicholson; Buchanan’s A Look Round Literature has a ‘Note on Dante Rossetti’. LMB at work on her biography of Mary Shelley. Pictorial work includes • Watercolour Signorina Carsini (her children’s Italian tutor, San Remo) (Thirlwell 173). WMR attempts to draw CGR’s portrait for FMLR (ADC 13:3). Composition Taurello Salinguerra, Muratori, and Browning for the Browning Society and a prefatory notice for Herbert Gilchrist’s memoir of AG (SR 479–82). Publication includes Life of John Keats. January CGR, ‘A Christmas Carol’, Century Guild Hobby Horse, p. 1 (later published as the ﬁrst of the ‘Christmas Carols’ in Poems, 1888, 1890). 12 (Wed) CGR writes to Anne Adams Field, declining the offer of contribution to Scribner’s (Harrison 4:7). 13 CGR informs WMR that she is to remake her will and make him her sole legatee. She considers her health very fragile and death perhaps imminent (FLCGR 158, 214). CGR also praises WMR’s edition of CWDGR, especially the memoir with its description of the love DGR had for FMLR (Harrison 4:8, 9). 17 CGR receives 6s 0d royalties from the sale of DGR’s photographs (ADC 10:1). 20 Elizabeth Sharp writes to CGR to ask for permission to include several of her poems in her forthcoming anthology Women’s Voices (ADC 10:8). 21–10 March WMR in San Remo, visiting LMB (ADC 15:5). 24 CGR receives from Macmillan £28 11s 7d for half-proﬁts up to 30 June 1886 for Poems and P (ADC 10:1). February 7 (Mon) CGR receives from Roberts Brothers 17s 9d as royalties from Poems and the red-line-edition (ADC 10:1; Harrison 4:11).

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10

CGR informs WMR that TF has failed with Roberts Brothers (Harrison 4:11). 15–17 March CGR is ordered by her doctors to Torquay for her health (Harrison 4:10; ADC 15:5). She reads (e.g. Charlotte’s Yonge’s Unknown to History: A Story of the Captivity of Mary of Scotland, 1883), takes drives and walks, admires the shop windows and seaside views, and meets Mrs Swynfen Jervis and Sara Coleridge’s daughter Edith. 21 KT asks CGR and WMR permission to dedicate her new volume of poems, Shamrocks, to them. They assent, and Tynan’s dedication is ‘with homage and as a thanksgiving’ (Harrison 4:15–16). 23 Earthquake in San Remo; CGR telegrams WMR to ensure his family’s safety (Harrison 4:17–18; Thirlwell 5). After the earthquake, WMR’s family travel together to Dijon where WMR leaves LMB, Olive and Arthur to take a slower trip home while he returns directly to London (ADC 15:5; SR 434, 437). March Sharp, ‘Rossetti in Prose and Verse’, National Review (pp. 111–24). Towards the end of the month LMB, Olive and Arthur return from Dijon and Helen rejoins the family. LMB, Olive, Arthur and Helen afterwards proceed to Bournemouth for a month, joined later by CMB and Juliet and, later still, by EMB, Mary and FMB (ADC 15:5). 17 (Thu) CGR returns to Torrington Square, where she resumes nursing her frail elderly aunts (Harrison 4:26). 24 CGR visits FMLR’s grave at Highgate, taking tulips (Harrison 4:27). 25 CGR receives £9 18s 7d from WMR as DGR’s executor at quarterly settlement (ADC 10:1; Harrison 4:27). She arranges to send copies of GR’s works L’Arpa Evangelica, Versi and Il tempo ovvero Dio e l’uomo, saltiero to the Colla library at San Remo, as well as GP’s Saggio di novelle e favole (Harrison 4:27). April 1 2

(Fri) LMB has started to write her memoir of Mary Shelley (ADC 15:5, 9:6). WMR pays a visit to CGR. She informs WMR that her income this year is £300, larger than expected (ADC 15:5).

372 A Rossetti Family Chronology

May CP is now bedridden, and CGR’s nursing duties increase. CGR accepts a cat from Mary Robinson, which arrives on 8 June (Harrison 4: 36, 38, 44). 2 (Mon) DGR pictures belonging to John Graham (uncle of William Graham) are sold and prices announced in The Times (p. 10); Venus Verticordia sells for £472 10s 0d to Vokins (ADC 15:5). 10 WMR draws up his income tax return, with for the past year (until 5 April) earnings of £127 3s 10d (average over 3 years, £103 5s 3d) (ADC 15:5). 27 LMB, Olive, Arthur and Helen return from Bournemouth (ADC 15:5). 28 CGR writes to the Committee of the Royal Literary Fund in support of Dr Agostino Olivieri’s application for assistance (Harrison 4:38). 31 CGR ﬁnds the Boston edition of DGR’s Collected Works ‘a most disappointing affair’. She offers Italian books from GR’s library to Olive and Arthur Rossetti (Harrison 4:39, 44). June H. R. Fox-Bourne publishes a positive account of the life and works of DGR in Gentleman’s Magazine (pp. 596–610). 21 (Tue) Jubilee of Queen Victoria. WMR declines the offer of tickets to the ceremony at Westminster (ADC 15:5). 24 WMR and LMB invite several people around in the afternoon, including FMB, John Payne, Mathilde Blind, FJS, Ingram, LNS, Stokes and John Cordy Jeafferson. CGR is brieﬂy brought round by WMR for the gathering. CGR receives £13 4s 3d from WMR as DGR’s executor at quarterly settlement (ADC 15:5, 10:1; Harrison 4:46). July Favourable unsigned review of CGR’s poetry in London Quarterly Review (pp. 338–50), possibly by Arthur Symons (Harrison 4:46–7). 3 (Fri) CP’s health takes another alarming turn for the worse (FLCGR 215; ADC 15:5). 4 WMR and CGR receive £206 18s 11d in royalties for DGR’s Collected Works up to 30 June (ADC 15:5).

1887 373

6

12

14

Shelley musical evening at WMR’s, organised by Mary Carmichael and LMB; among those present: Jacques Darmesteter, Mary and Mabel Robinson, Violet Paget, Augusta Webster and WHH (ADC 15:5). Sir Hubert Parry and his band perform Scenes from Prometheus Unbound (1880) (SR 394). LMB reads Ingram, who dines with them, her memoir in progress of Mary Shelley and he is very pleased with it (ADC 15:5). Drinking fountain in memory of DGR at Cheyne Walk, designed by JPS with a bust by FMB, is ofﬁcially uncovered in a ceremony ofﬁciated over by WHH and attended by WMR, LMB and children, the Browns, Hüffer, EP, RB, FJS, Hughes, among others (ADC 15:5). WHH gives an address (published Pall Mall Budget) (GUL R146; WHH 2:353–4). CGR informs ABH of the event, in case as an anonymous subscriber to the fountain she is overlooked, but CGR herself is unable to attend because of CP’s frailty (Harrison 4:47–8).

August FMB pays a balance of £49 11s 0d for DGR’s memorial. He is only reimbursed £8 (Hueffer 375). September At the end of the month LMB is in Dalmore, near Oban, with Olive (ADC 9:6). 12 (Mon) CGR composes a poem for WBS’s birthday, ‘A roundel seems to ﬁt a round of days’ (Harrison 4:52). 27 Oscar Wilde reviews WMR’s Life of John Keats negatively in Pall Mall Gazette (p. 3) (Harrison 4:57). 29 CGR receives £106 14s 9d from WMR as DGR’s executor at quarterly settlement (ADC 10:1). October 17

(Mon) CGR receives £6 15s 9d royalties from Rivington for MFR’s A Shadow of Dante (ADC 10:1).

November 24 (Thu) CGR receives £2 1s 4d as her annual settlement from Longmans for the proﬁts on the sale of CBC’s works (ADC 10:1).

374 A Rossetti Family Chronology

December CGR’s Christmas carol ‘Lo! Newborn Jesus’ is published in the new children’s illustrated periodical Atalanta (p. 154), for £2 2s 0d (ADC 10:1). Charles James Wood’s examination of DGR’s art is published in Andover Review (pp. 573–92).

1888 CGR Publication includes Goblin Market, The Prince’s Progress, and Other Poems (Macmillan reprint); Poems (Roberts Brothers reprint). Finance CGR’s account book for this year shows her income to total £354 7s 10d, from shares (39 Reversionary Interest Shares make her £97 10s 0d at 1 January and same at 29 June, West Middlesex Water Works, National Freehold), legacies and royalties (ADC 10:1). DGR’s works are included in the Eighth Annual Loan Exhibition, Easter 1888, St Jude’s, Whitechapel (This Year’s Art, 1889, p. 103). January CGR, ‘“A Helpmeet for Him”’, ‘New and Old’; For Seed-Time and Harvest (p. 22). CGR petitions against Louis Pasteur (Harrison 4:63–4). 7 (Sat) Ellis and Elvey send WMR £51 10s 4d as royalties for CWDGR for the last half of 1887 (ADC 15:5). 25 CGR receives £27 3s 9d from Macmillan as half-proﬁts to 30 June 1887 for Poems and P (ADC 10:1). 30 WMR is asked by the Treasury to value pictures for probate duty (ADC 15:5). February Amy Levy, ‘The Poetry of Christina Rossetti’, Woman’s World (London; pp. 178–80), highly praises CGR’s poetry. CGR may have read this review (Harrison 4:94). 4 (Sat) CGR receives £1 8s 4d royalties from Roberts Brothers (ADC 10:1). March LMB suffers a bad attack of bronchitis (ADC 15:5). 27 (Tue) WMR calls at Torrington Square. CGR discusses in some detail with WMR the anxious state of the household’s ﬁnances, because of the expense of the permanent presence

1888 375

of a sick nurse, a servant nurse and two other regular servants. CGR has to supplement her aunts’ share of the expense, ‘& thereby cripple her own ﬁnances more or less’. CGR receives £27 7s 9d from WMR as DGR’s executor at quarterly settlement (ADC 15:5, 10:1). April CGR, ‘A Hope Carol’, Century Guild Hobby Horse (p. 41). 14 (Sat) CGR has been interviewed by the Surveyor of Taxes; she is required to pay income tax this year (Harrison 4:70). 22 WMR calls at the Stillmans and sees MS’s paintings on DGR themes: Dante at Verona and Rachele (ADC 15:5). May LMB begins to complain of a pain in her left side, which she thinks is caused when lifting Olive into bed. By 4 July 1889, after still suffering discomfort, she begins to suspect lung congestion but despite being ‘constantly urged’ by WMR to see a doctor she refuses (ADC 15:5). R. R. Bowker, ‘London as a Literary Centre’, Harper’s New Monthly Magazine (pp. 815–44), claims CGR’s poems are more widely known than DGR’s. CGR reads WMR’s copy of Harper’s (Harrison 4:71). 8 (Tue) CGR writes to WMR: ‘I wish you would sometimes pray for me that I may not after having (in a sense) preached to others be myself a castaway’ (Harrison 4:71). June Early this month LMB is taken by Mary Robinson to Worthing to help nurse Olive (suffering from a pneumonic illness) and herself back to health. Mary Robinson interrupts her wedding preparations to help out LMB (ADC 15:5; Thirlwell 289). Early this month CGR consults Jenner, who warns her that her ‘tendency to exhaustion’ might end in her death. CGR admits to ABH that she needs a holiday, but her ailing aunts prevent her leaving home. Sharp sends CGR a copy of his Poems of Wild Life (1888) (Harrison 4:74, 76, 78). 1 (Fri) GCT sends CGR a photograph of DGR’s Beata Beatrix, which she owns (Harrison 4:74). 2 CGR receives from WMR as DGR’s executor £1 6s 5d at quarterly settlement (ADC 10:1). 21–15 July WMR mostly at Worthing. LMB is improving (ADC 15:5).

376 A Rossetti Family Chronology

July An article on DGR’s Ecce Ancilla Domini! appears in Portfolio (pp. 125–7). 5 (Thu) CP lying prostrate in bed. CGR balances her half-year expenses and is relieved that there is a small surplus: she does not want to draw on her reserves again. She notiﬁes WMR about her ‘priceless’ illustrations to a copy of SS, adding, ‘I advise you not to disperse my library to the four winds without careful inspection of copies, lest you should squander unsuspected treasures here and there’ (Harrison 4:81). 16 WMR, Arthur and Helen visit the Italian Exhibition at Kensington (ADC 15:5). 18 Wise purchases a few copies of DGR’s ‘Hand and Soul’ for 15s 0d and CGR’s privately printed Verses for £2 (ADC 15:5). August 27

(Mon) CGR sends Marion Harry Spielmann, editor of Magazine of Art, ‘An Echo from Willowwood’, adding, ‘It seems capable of illustration.’ Spielmann, however, asks her for another sonnet, but CGR replies on 3 September that she has not another to offer. ‘An Echo from Willowwood’ is published by Magazine of Art in 1890 (Harrison 4:87).

September 12 (Wed) Wise calls on WMR and buys various manuscripts of DGR’s for £9 10s 0d, including ‘Eden Bower’ (ADC 15:5). 29 CGR receives from WMR as DGR’s executor £36 12s 8d at quarterly settlement (ADC 10:1). October CGR, ‘Exultate Deo’, Atalanta (p. 3), illustrated by E. J. Poynter; CGR receives £2 2s 0d (ADC 10:1). Favourable critique of CGR’s poetry by John Walker in ‘The Lyrics of Miss Rossetti’, Manchester Quarterly, A Journal of Literature and Art (pp. 393–404). 1 (Mon) CGR receives from Rivingtons £7 5s 1d as her royalty for MFR’s Shadow of Dante to 30 June (ADC 10:1). November CGR refuses the invitation to become Patroness of the Society for the Protection of Women and Children (Harrison 4:98).

1888–1889 377

8 22

(Thu) WMR’s family leave for Pau for the sake of Olive’s and LMB’s health; WMR remains behind (ADC 15:5). CGR receives from Longmans & Co 9s 0d as her annual settlement of royalties from the sale of CBC’s works (ADC 10:1).

December 1 (Sat)–28 Dec WMR leaves for Pau. 12 Two anonymous female admirers leave ﬂowers for CGR at Torrington Square; CGR is very touched by the incident (Harrison 4:105) 18 Francis Turner Palgrave calls on CGR to discuss her contribution to The Treasury of Sacred Song. He gives CGR an honorarium of £4 4s 0d for the reprint of four religious poems (1889), and CGR sends half this sum to Macmillan ‘as you and I have joint interest in the text’ (Harrison 4:106; ADC 10:1). 31 CGR receives from WMR as DGR’s executor £8 14s 0d on quarterly settlement (ADC 10:1).

1889 CGR signs a women’s anti-suffrage petition circulated by Mary Ward (Marsh 466). Publications include ‘There is a budding morrow in midnight’, Century Guild Hobby Horse (ns vol. 4, p. 81); ‘Eve’, ‘Did Any Bird Come Flying’, ‘A King Dwelt in Jerusalem’, ‘“The half was not told me” said Sheba’s Queen’, ‘By the Waters of Babylon, B.C. 570’ and ‘Esther’, in W. Garrett Horder’s The Poet’s Bible: Old Testament; Palgrave’s Treasury of Sacred Song publishes ‘Advent’, ‘A Christmas Carol’, ‘Despised and Rejected’ and ‘The Lowest Place’ (Harrison 4:93, 106). Finance CGR’s account book shows her income to total £340 0s 5d, mostly from shares (Reversionary Interest Shares earn her £97 10s 0d on 1 January and same again on 28 June, West Middlesex Water Works, National Freehold share), legacies and royalties (ADC 10:1). DGR Publication Richard C. Jackson’s Risen Life is published with a drawing by DGR of a pelican feeding its young (S.707). Criticism Patmore’s ‘Rossetti as a Poet’ is published in Principles in Art.

378 A Rossetti Family Chronology

LMB is a signatory of the national petition for women’s suffrage. Beginning of LMB’s close friendship with poet and novelist William Money Hardinge (Thirlwell 174–6, 247). Pictorial work includes • Chalk? Portrait of André, the Marxist son of her French cook (PRWA 126, 129; Thirlwell 174–6); • Watercolour three sketches of Biarritz (Thirlwell 176). WMR joins Hüffer’s family in Biarritz in the spring. He makes his only crossing into Spain, visiting San Sebastian. In Paris in the home of James and Mary (née Robinson) Darmesteter, WMR meets Taine, Sully Prudhomme, Paul Bourget and Gaston Paris and his wife (ADC 18:4; SR 439, 490). Publications include Dante Gabriel Rossetti as Designer and Writer; ‘The Portraits of Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, Magazine of Art (vol. 12, pp. 21–6, 57–61, 138–49). January WMR appears on a provisional guest list for a dinner organised by William Christian Symons to be held on 1 May at the Criterion to celebrate Whistler’s award of a ﬁrst class medal at Munich and Cross of St Michael of Bavaria (GUL S281). Early this month LMB leaves Pau for cheaper lodgings in Biarritz (ADC 15:5). 2 (Wed) Ellis & Elvey send WMR £35 6s 4d, as the 18 per cent royalty for 236 copies of DGR’s Collected Works sold during the latter half of 1888 (ADC 15:5). 19 Death of Franz Hüffer from erysipelas. WMR grieved as well as troubled about the consequent ﬁnancial prospects of his family (ADC 15:5). 21 CGR receives £33 6s 4d from Macmillan as half-proﬁts up to 30 June 1888 for Poems and P (ADC 10:1). February 4 (Mon) CGR receives 9d royalties from Roberts Brothers (ADC 10:1). She begins a correspondence with religious poet Miss (?Louisa) Newsham, sending her comments on her poem and advice about publication; Miss Newsham sends CGR gift boxes with ﬂowers (Harrison 4:122–3, 140). 14 EP dangerously ill with apoplexy; CGR warns WMR that EP’s mental state is permanently damaged (ADC 15:5; Harrison 4:120).

1889 379

March John Todhunter gives WMR an inscribed copy of Yeats’s The Wanderings of Oisin and Other Poems (1889) (Harrison 4:136). 12 (Tue)–end April WMR at Biarritz (ADC 15:5). 13 CGR receives from WMR as DGR’s executor £20 18s 6d as quarterly settlement (ADC 10:1). 29 CGR signs a petition circulated by Herbert Percy Horne (ed. Century Guild Hobby Horse), and initiated by the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings, to campaign to preserve the church of St Mary Le Strand (Harrison 4:129–30, 137). April [Herbert P. Horne], ‘Rossetti: Some Extracts from His Letters to Mr. Frederic Shields’, Century Guild Hobby Horse (pp. 82–96). May 8 9 15

25

June 16

July 1 12

(Wed) At a meeting of the Shelley Society, WMR encounters Yeats for the ﬁrst time (ADC 15:5). WMR’s family return from Biarritz (ADC 15:5). WMR sends in his income tax return for year ending 5 April 1889. His literary earnings are a ‘very small’ £20 16s 0d, his share from DGR’s estate (copyright books and photographs) is £59 6s 10d (‘not large’). His average of the last three years private income is, however, £123 4s 6d (ADC 15:5). CGR receives 1s 0d as ﬁnal payment from the sale of DGR’s photographs (ADC 10:1).

(Sun) WMR gives CGR a set of proofs to correct for Dante Gabriel Rossetti as Designer and Writer (ADC 15:5).

(Mon) CGR receives from WMR as DGR’s executor £1 18s 2d at quarterly settlement (ADC 10:1). LMB proposes buying with her own funds a house at 4 St Edmund’s Terrace (near FMB, at 1 St Edmund’s Terrace), and letting out the current home at 5 Endsleigh Gardens, because she believes the air does not agree with her. WMR is unwilling (ADC 15:5, 9:7).

380 A Rossetti Family Chronology

17 19

WMR sells, through Wise, a copy of ‘Sir Hugh the Heron’ for £9 and ‘Hand and Soul’ for £1 (ADC 15:5). Wise buys from WMR a copy of MFR’s ‘Rivulets’ for £2 (ADC 15:5).

September 15 (Sun)? CGR asks FJS to sign and circulate an anti-vivisection petition to Parliament against the licensing of Pasteur’s treatment (Harrison 4:159). 30 CGR receives from WMR as DGR’s executor £25 1s 3d as quarterly settlement (ADC 10:1). October CGR, ‘“Son, Remember”’, ‘New and Old’; For Seed-Time and Harvest (p. 274). November 23 (Sun) WMR, unsigned review of Mrs Julian Marshall’s Life and Letters of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (1889), The Athenaeum (pp. 699–701). 25 LMB, having completed her life of Mary Shelley, proposes writing a book on ‘The Art of Painting as Practised in the Nineteenth Century’. Although WMR doubts its practibility, he starts to suggest suitable reading material (ADC 15:5). December CGR tries in vain to save the ‘Rossetti Album’, a collection of sonnets and autographs, from being sold to a bookseller, and quickly bought by CFM (Harrison 4:166–7). 18 (Wed) Wise calls to see WMR to look over DGR manuscripts for purchase. He is interested in several, including ‘St Agnes of Intercession’ (priced at £15) and ‘Der Arme Heinrich’ (priced at £9), the total purchase coming to £41 (ADC 15:5). 24 CGR receives from WMR as DGR’s executor £20 11s 9d a quarterly settlement (ADC 10:1). 31 Olive and LMB attend the funeral of RB in Westminster; WMR is unable to attend because of pressure of work at Somerset House ‘to my great regret’ (ADC 15:5; Harrison 4:171).

1890 381

1890 CGR Composition includes ‘“Ne’ sogni ti veggo”’, according to WMR; the poem is written in a copy of GR’s sacred poems, Il Tempo, ovvero Dio e l’Uomo, Saltiero (1843) (Crump 3:510; Marsh 78, dates the poem 1847). Publication includes Poems, New and Enlarged Edition (reprinted unchanged 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894). Finance CGR’s account book gives her income as £428 0s 11d, mostly from shares (39 Reversionaries earn her £97 10s 0d on 1 January and again the same amount on 29 June, plus a payment of £65 in Reversionaries from CP’s legacy on 13 August, Westmiddlesex Water Works and 1 National Freehold), legacies and royalties (ADC 10:1). Up to 1890, CGR earned up to £30–£45 p/a from her writing, and ‘After 1890 her income from literature became relatively large’ (Bell 35). DGR At the start of 1890, the missing designs for stained glass that DGR had made for the ﬁrm of Morris, Marshall, Faulkner, and Co., are discovered by TWD, who claims that DGR had given them to him. Despite LMB’s misgivings, CGR and WMR allow TWD to retain the designs (Harrison 4:185). Publication (WMR, ed.) The Collected Works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, 2 vols. Criticism W. J. Dawson includes a chapter on DGR in Makers of Modern English. LMB Publication Mrs. Shelley (Eminent Women series); ‘Ford Madox Brown’, Magazine of Art (vol. 13, pp. 289–96). WMR Finance Ellis & Elvey send WMR £42 from the proﬁts of CWDGR for the half year just ended: much more than WMR had expected and he thinks his book on DGR (with its paraphrase of HL) has enhanced the sale (WMR Diary, ADC 15:5). January 8

(Wed) Death of CP, aged 87. CGR is bequeathed £3000 and WMR the remainder of the lease on 5 Endsleigh Gardens. CGR’s inheritance is to be used to continue CP’s charitable donations, including regular payments to the Polidoris in

382 A Rossetti Family Chronology

10 13 21 31

Florence, and so CGR considers half her money as held in trust, and to be applied according to CP’s wishes even after her own death (ADC 15:5; Harrison 4:174–5; FLCGR 215–16). CGR receives £35 19s 6d from Macmillan as half-proﬁts for Poems and P up to 30 June 1889 (ADC 10:1). Funeral of CP in Christ Church, followed by burial in Highgate Cemetery (ADC 15:5). CGR praises the work of Augusta Webster to WMR (Harrison 4:180). CGR receives royalties of £1 1s 7d from Roberts Brothers of Boston, for their edition of A Shadow of Dante (ADC 10:1; Harrison 4:185).

February 6 (Thu) WMR’s house at Endsleigh Gardens, willed to him by CP, is valued at about £900 (ADC 15:5). 7 Cassell sends WMR his payment for Dante Gabriel Rossetti as Designer and Writer up to the end of last year: £26 19s 0d for 519 copies sold (out of 1245) (ADC 15:5). 24 LMB still unwell with bronchitis and refuses to see a doctor (ADC 15:5). March Publication of LMB’s book on Mary Shelley (ADC 15:5). CGR looks forward to receiving a copy (Harrison 4:197). William Money Hardinge, ‘A Reminiscence of Rossetti’, Universal Review (pp. 398–411). 3 (Mon) CGR gives permission to Herbert Bedford to set ‘When I am dead, my dearest’ to music, if Macmillan also agree (Harrison 4:190). 31 CGR receives £29 17s 3d from WMR as DGR’s executor at quarterly settlement (ADC 10:1). April FJS, ‘A Note Upon Rossetti’s Method of Drawing in Crayons’, Century Guild Hobby Horse (pp. 70–3). WMR and LMB stay at Highland House, Norwood, near the Crystal Palace (which they frequently visit), until 24 April. LMB’s chest improves, but she suffers a relapse on her return home (ADC 15:5; Harrison 4:196–7). EP arranges to send ‘a handsome gift of books’ to a new Diocesan Library in Newfoundland (Harrison 4:198).

1890 383

6

May 2

(Easter Sunday) CGR sends an Easter poem to her goddaughter, Ursula Hake, ‘“Palmbuds” for blessed grief’ (Harrison 4:198).

(Fri) Arthur has scarlet fever. WMR and the rest of the children stay with CGR (ADC 15:5).

June Elspeth H. Barzia, ‘A Group of Eminent Women. III. – Christina Rossetti’, Sunday (pp. 615–18), praises in particular CGR’s sonnets. CGR begins negotiations with Macmillan for Poems. A New and Enlarged Edition (1890). CGR requests that Macmillan exclude poems from SPCK volumes in her new edition, in case it would harm sales of those works, and Routledge’s SS. CGR proposes rearranging the poems to include new material published in magazines and to ‘fuse’ her 1875 and 1881 volumes, and she queries the price of the proposed new volume (Harrison 4:205). 5 (Thu) WMR, Olive and Helen return to their disinfected home (ADC 15:5). 23 WMR’s family plan to move to 4 St Edmund’s Terrace, but WMR is very unwilling (ADC 15:5). 28 TWD’s review of WMR’s edition of CWDGR appears in The Athenaeum (ADC 15:5). July 2

(Wed) CGR receives from WMR as DGR’s executor at quarterly settlement 12s 0d (ADC 10:1). 5 WHH, ‘Memories of Rossetti’, Musical World (pp. 526–8). 15 CGR draws up a memoranda for her executor, WMR: she wishes to be buried in a perishable cofﬁn, the three rings on her wedding ﬁnger are to go into the church offertory (unless WMR wants FMLR’s wedding ring, in which case he may put £1 into the offertory instead); her Mistero dell’Amor Platonico is to be offered to the Pusey Library, Oxford (ADC 10:1). 18–9 Aug WMR and family in Bruges (ADC 15:5). August 16 24

(Sun) CGR, ‘Cardinal Newman’, The Athenaeum (p. 225). LMB coughs blood; Gill decides that the blood only comes from the throat and not the lungs (ADC 15:5).

384 A Rossetti Family Chronology

September CGR, ‘An Echo from Willowwood’, Magazine of Art (p. 385), for £4 4s 0d (ADC 10:1; Harrison 4:214). 2 (Thu) WMR completes a paper for the Shelley Society on John Polidori’s diary (ADC 15:5). CGR writes to invite WMR and family to stay with her until their house is ready: ‘I must ask Lucy to be very tolerant’ (Harrison 4:215). 4 After delays to the tenants moving out of 4 St Edmund’s Terrace, LMB calls off the sale; instead, she persuades the owner of number 3, formerly occupied by the Garnetts, to sell it to her (ADC 15:5). 11 Yeats calls on WMR at Somerset House to discuss Blake (ADC 15:5). 15 WMR’s family move from Endsleigh Gardens to 4 St Edmund’s Terrace, next door to FMB, after spending two weeks with CGR. WMR still deeply regrets the move (ADC 15:5). 29 CGR receives £15 5s 10d from WMR as DGR’s executor at quarterly settlement (ADC 10:1). October CGR, ‘“Yea, I have a goodly heritage”’, Atalanta (p. 3), for £2 2s 0d (ADC 10:1). 11 (Sat) Death of EMB after a long illness (ADC 15:5). 15 CGR receives £9 7s 9d as her proﬁts from MFR’s Shadow of Dante (ADC 10:1). 23 CGR receives 8s 1d as ﬁnal payment from Longmans for the sale of CBC’s works (ADC 10:1). 31 WMR discusses with Ellis & Elvey a Popular Edition of DGR’s poems for Christmas, which would sell for 5s (this is raised to 6s eventually). On 3 November they agree to 12 per cent proﬁts (ADC 15:5). November 15 (Sat) Review of LMB’s Mrs. Shelley, in Academy (p. 448). December 6 (Sat) CGR writes to WMR of Emily Dickinson’s Poems, which she has just had sent to her from America: ‘She had (for she is dead) a wonderfully Blakean gift, but therewithal a startling recklessness of poetic ways and means’ (Harrison 4:222).

1890–1891 385

8 27

EP wishes to sell DGR’s 1847 pencil self-portrait (S.434); CGR writes to WMR to negotiate for her (Harrison 4:223). CGR receives £6 17s 10d from WMR as DGR’s executor at quarterly settlement (ADC 10:1).

1891 CGR continues to campaign against Pasteur and vivisection (Harrison 4:228); EP’s illness continues to keep her at home. Publication includes Poems, New and Enlarged Edition (Macmillan reprint). Finance CGR’s account book show her earnings for this year as £651 5s 3d, mostly from shares (65 Reversionaries earn her £162 10s 0d on 1 January and same amount again on 30 June, West Middlesex Water Works, dividend and bonus on Price’s Candles, and National Freehold), legacies and royalties (ADC 10:1). WMR assesses death duty due on the Wallace Collection for the Inland Revenue (£7000) (Thirlwell 97). His children bring out The Torch (September 1891–18 September 1895, continued as The Torch of Anarchy 18 November 1895–18 December 1895). Publications include (ed.), The Adonais of Shelley; (ed.), The Poetical Works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti: A New Edition in One Volume (dated 1891, issued 1890). January John Walker, ‘The Poetry of Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, Manchester Quarterly (pp. 71–92). 17 (Sat) CGR receives £51 8s 3d from Macmillan as half-proﬁts to the end of June 1890 for Poems and P (ADC 10:1). 22 H. T. Clabburn, ‘Some Relics of Rossetti’, Pall Mall Budget (p. 14). February 5 (Thur) CGR receives £1 0s 7d as royalties from Roberts Brothers (ADC 10:1). 7 Richard Le Galliene favourably reviews CGR’s Poems in Academy (pp. 130–1). 12 WMR receives from Cassell 7s 7d royalties from the last half-year’s sale of DAW (WMR Diary, ADC 15:5).

386 A Rossetti Family Chronology

March Coulson Kernahan, ‘Rossetti and the Moralists’, Fortnightly Review (pp. 406–12); William M. Hardinge, ‘A Note on the Louvre Sonnets of Rossetti’, Temple Bar (pp. 433–43), with notes and paraphrases by WMR. 9 (Mon) CGR reads GR’s volume of poems Il tempo (1843) for the ﬁrst time (Harrison 4:232–3). 17 Birmingham Art Gallery purchases for £600 DGR’s Beata Beatrix replica (S.168.R5), ﬁnished by FMB, from LMB. National Portrait Gallery buys DGR’s self-portrait (S.434) from EP for £20 (ADC 15:5; Harrison 4:233). April 6

(Mon) CGR receives £22 9s 6d from WMR as DGR’s executor at quarterly settlement (ADC 10:1). 21–c.6 June WMR at Broadstairs on holiday with his family (ADC 15:5). May FGS, ‘Beata Beatrix by Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, Portfolio (pp. 45–7). 7 (Thu) CGR receives £4 12s 6d as American royalty on MFR’s Shadow of Dante, sent by Longmans (ADC 10:1). June LMB’s bronchial condition deteriorates (ADC 15:5). 24 (Wed) CGR receives £1 6s 2d from WMR as DGR’s executor at quarterly settlement (ADC 10:1). July CGR and EP read Scott’s Betrothed (1825) and Maria Edgeworth’s Modern Griselda (1805) (Harrison 4:242). 10 (Fri) Ellis and Elvey send WMR £124 royalties for the last half-year’s sales of DGR’s books, which comes mostly from the cheap edition of the poems (WMR shares the royalties with CGR) (ADC 15:5). 17–17 August WMR away for most of this time with his family at Oxford. He fails to persuade CGR to accompany them (ADC 15:5). August 22

(Sat) LMB and children move on to Bournemouth (ADC 15:5).

1891–1892 387

September 30 (Wed) CGR receives from WMR as DGR’s executor £62 3s 2d at quarterly settlement (ADC 10:1). October 15

(Thu) CGR receives her royalty for Shadow of Dante from last midsummer of £13 3s 6d (ADC 10:1).

November 11 (Wed) WMR chairs a meeting at University College on the Shelley Centenary (ADC 15:5). 19 CGR receives £100 from SPCK for the sale of the copyright of FD (ADC 10:1). 24 WMR’s lecture on Leopardi and Shelley at the Taylorian, Oxford (ADC 15:5). 27 CGR sends back the proofs to Arthur Symonds’s essay on her for volume 7 of Alfred Miles’s The Poets and the Poetry of the Century (1892), with corrections, and with the request that the description of FMLR be altered to underline that she ‘was in her person a complete Englishwoman’ (Harrison 4:250). December James Ashcroft Noble praises CGR’s devotional poetry in ‘Christina Rossetti’, Literary Opinion (pp. 155–7). 2 (Wed) LMB hears that DGR’s Astarte Syriaca (S.249) is in the Manchester Public Gallery, bought from Mrs Clarence E. Fry for c.£500 (ADC 15:5). 31 CGR discovers lunps in her breast; she tells no one for several months (WMR Diary, 25 May 1892, ADC 15:5).

1892 CGR In March CGR is ofﬁcially diagnosed with breast cancer. She only tells others at the end of May, when she is forced to have surgery (Peattie 555–6). Her ill health becomes so severe in the early summer that she ceases letter writing, later resuming correspondence ‘with effort and toil’. She suspects she is now ‘invalided for life’ (Harrison 4:298–9). CGR’s poetry composition has, over her period of ill health, come to almost a halt, something she occasionally reﬂects on in correspondence (e.g. Harrison 4:261). Stewart diagnoses hysteria (Bell 170).

388 A Rossetti Family Chronology

Composition includes ‘To My Fior-di-Lisa’ (Crump 3:510). Publication FD (SPCK); ‘The House of Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, Literary Opinion (vol. 2, pp. 127–9); Poems, New and Enlarged Edition (Macmillan reprint). Finance CGR’s account book shows an income of £643 12s 11d, from shares (65 Reversionaries make £162 10s 0d on 1 January and same amount again on 30 June, West Middlesex Water Works and National Freehold), royalties and legacies (ADC 10:1). DGR Nottingham Museum and Art Gallery holds an exhibition of the work of DGR, FMB, EBJ and Spencer Stanhope from the collection of Major Jekyll. Publication Separate reprint of Dante and His Circle, with a preface by WMR (ADC 15:5). Criticism Publication of WBS’s posthumous Autobiographical Notes, supervised by AB, and ed. William Minto (PRG 328). WMR retires, but continues to inspect art collections for probate duty. January 14

24

26 27

(Thu) CGR composes ‘A Death of a First-Born’ (Crump 3:381), at the invitation of Arthur Patchett Martin (ed., Literary Opinion), on the death of the Duke of Clarence (Harrison 4:261). CGR begins to write out for WMR, as her executor, a list of donations she intends to set aside for religious uses. The surviving account, showing a large variety of donations to individuals and causes, is dated 1894, and includes money given to: Seats and Schools, Margate Inﬁrmary, Eastbourne Hospital, Highgate Penitentiary, Curate Fund, Sick and Poor, Choir, Church Expenses, Jews, SPCK, Offertory; individuals include: (William?) Bryant, Evans, Baker, Luigi Polidori (ADC 10:1). Death of Burrows (Wordsworth 202). CGR receives £167 12s 10d from Macmillan as half-proﬁts to the end of June 1891 on Poems, P and the new inclusive edition of Poems (ADC 10:1).

February CGR, ‘A Death of a First-Born’, Literary Opinion (p. 227), for £3 3s 0d (Harrison 4:261; ADC 10:1). LMB suffers another bronchial attack (ADC 15:5).

1892 389

10 11 23 25

(Wed) WMR reads his paper on Shelley and Leopardi to the Shelley Society (ADC 15:5). CGR receives £1 8s 4d royalties from Roberts Brothers (ADC 10:1). CGR tells ABH she is considering moving house (Harrison 4:262). CGR thanks Edmund McCleer for sending her a parcel of SPCK books and tracts, some of which she reads to EP, including Emma Gellibrand’s novel J. Cole and Cope Family Papers, 1795–1891. She also suggests that the Face of the Deep cover should be black, but ‘I am not anxious one way or the other’ (Harrison 4:264).

March CGR has uncomfortable sensations in her left breast and now detects two lumps (ADC 8:9). 8 (Tue) WMR visits the RA Exhibition of Old Masters (ADC 15:5). c.17 CGR and WMR have a lengthy conversation about Dante, in particular the punishment of the Alchemists, Sorcerers and Usurers in the Inferno (Harrison 4:266–7). 30 CGR declines Arthur Patchett Martin’s invitation for her to write an article on Dante for Literary Opinion, but offers to review books on Dante (Harrison 4:271). April 6

(Wed) WMR chairs a meeting, at University Hall, called to discuss the establishment of the London Dante Society (minutes of the meeting, ADC 10:13, 15:5). 13 CGR receives £24 9s 0d from WMR as DGR’s executor at quarterly settlement (ADC 10:1). 14 CGR refuses William Bryant’s application that she should pay his rent (Harrison 4:273). 26–24 May LMB and children in Bournemouth (ADC 15:5). May Publication of FD (Harrison 4:275). CGR, ‘“Faint, yet pursuing”’, Literary Opinion (p. 67). CGR agrees to join the projected London Dante Society (Harrison 4:275). 6 (Fri) CGR writes to Arthur Patchett Martin to decline to review DGR’s Dante and his Circle, but she agrees to write an

390 A Rossetti Family Chronology

20

24–5

30

article about her reminiscences of Tudor House (Harrison 4:276, 277). CGR informs WMR that her cancer requires surgery. She has taken precautions against publicity of her illness in newspapers (Harrison 4:279, 281). WMR stays with CGR while she undergoes surgery, and notes in his diary: ‘C. has borne herself like a heroine in this matter’ (ADC 15:5). WMR reads an account of the sale of Leyland’s DGR pictures, and is pleased that overall his paintings have held or increased their value (ADC 15:5).

June 1

(Wed) CGR ‘in a low state, with intervals of excited fancy’, perhaps caused by the medicines containing opium (ADC 15:5). 12 CGR talks with WMR, mostly about religious matters, for an hour and a half. WMR declines GFW’s offer to paint a portrait of CGR as a gift for the nation (ADC 15:5). 17 CGR receives £2 12s 6d from Literary Opinion for her two poems and ‘The House of Dante Gabriel Rossetti’ (ADC 10:1; Harrison 4:283). 21–6 July CGR travels to Brighton by rail to convalesce with a professional nurse and Olivia. She writes daily letters to EP (ADC 8:9; FLCGR 186; Harrison 4:283–4, 287). 22 WMR joins CGR in Brighton. He reads to her daily (ADC 15:5, 8:9), including the Autobiography of Isaac Williams (1892), loaned by Arthur Patchett Martin, as well as William Ernest Henley’s A Book of Verses (1889) (Harrison 4:277, 286). 25 CGR receives from WMR as DGR’s executor 4s 1d at quarterly settlement (ADC 10:1). July 9

c.15

(Sat) CGR receives £12 6s 6d as her half-proﬁts from MFR’s Exercises and Aneddoti from Williams and Norgate to 31 December 1891 (ADC 10:1; FLCGR 188). WMR and family on holiday at Malvern Wells. WMR returns with Olive and Arthur mid-August to London, leaving his family there until 7 September (ADC 15:5).

1892 391

19

CGR returns to WMR his copy of Canon Edward Moore’s Dante and his Early Biographers (1890), which she admires. She asks WMR whether anybody questions the historical existence of Beatrice Bardi.

August DGR’s letters to Frederick Leyland are published by VCP in ‘A Collector’s Correspondence’ in Art Journal (pp. 249–52). 30 (Tue) CGR asks to borrow WMR’s copy of Edward Burrows’s Contributions to the Textual Criticism of the Divine Comedy (1889) (ADC 15:5). 31 WMR ofﬁcially retires from the Inland Revenue (ADC 18:8). September CGR is diagnosed with angina pectoris (ADC 15:5). 5 (Mon) Because of her ill health, CGR regretfully declines the offer to write a memoir of Canon Henry Burrows (ADC 15:5). October FGS, ‘Rosa Triplex by Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, Portfolio (pp. 197–9). WMR and LMB attend Tennyson’s funeral in Westminster Abbey (ADC 15:6). 7 (Fri) CGR receives £32 18s 8d as her quarterly payment from DGR’s estate (ADC 10:1). 15 CGR receives £6 2s 8d as her share of the royalty of MFR’s Shadow of Dante from Longmans (ADC 10:1). 23 At a dinner party, WMR discusses candidates for the Laureateship, favouring ACS or WM, and CGR and Augusta Webster among the women; LMB declares ACS alone should have the post (Garnett 127). 27 Unsigned review of FD in The Independent (p. 1524). CGR suspects the author is KT, and she writes to her on 16 November in thanks for the ‘very agreeable review’ (Harrison 4:298). 29 Review of CGR’s Poems in Speaker (p. 535). November ? CGR’s name is put forward for Poet Laureate (Harrison 4:297). LMB stops sharing a bedroom with WMR (entry for 25 July 1893, WMR Diary ADC, 15:6).

392 A Rossetti Family Chronology

28

29

(Mon) Review of WBS’s Autobiographical Notes, in St. James’s Gazette, which CGR reads and reassures WMR that it is ‘pleasant and laudatory and containing nothing obnoxious’ (Harrison 4:301). CGR refuses to read the Autobiographical Notes itself (FLCGR 190). CGR’s surgeon calls and reassures her about her health. At WMR’s suggestion, she begins to plan a volume containing all her devotional poetry from her SPCK prose publications, which she eventually published as Verses (1893) (Harrison 4:301).

December 24 (Sat) WMR’s letter on WBS’s Autobiographical Notes appears in Academy, claiming that the statements on DGR are inaccurate (pp. 591–2). ACS’s more hostile letter on WBS appears on the same page. 28 LMB suffers a serious recurrence of bronchitis (ADC 15:6).

1893 CGR’s health continues to worsen and she knows she is dying. Publication includes Verses (SPCK); FD (second corrected edition); Lawrence Housman’s illustrated edition of GM; new and enlarged edition of SS published by Macmillan for the Christmas market (Harrison 4:342); ll. 5–8 of CGR’s ‘A Death of a First-Born’, E[leanor] V[ere] B[oyle] (ed.), A Book of Heavenly Birthdays. Finance CGR’s account book shows her income to be £722 17s 4d, mostly from shares (65 Reversionaries make her £162 10s 0d at 1 January and same amount again at 1 July and then on 5 August £102 10s 0d from EP’s estate, West Middlesex Water Works, National Freehold, and a dividend from Price’s Candles), legacies and royalties (ADC 10:1). DGR Publication Ballads and Narrative Poems by Dante Gabriel Rossetti, printed by William Morris at Kelmscott Press, in a limited edition of 316 copies (Harrison 4:331). WMR is overlooked for promotion to Excise Secretary (SR 415–16). He continues to be upset about WBS’s memoir and the press reaction (WMR Diary, ADC 15:6). Following the death of Francis Adams, WMR is asked to bring out a new edition of Songs of the Army of the Night.

1893 393

WMR at ﬁrst accepts, but, feeling compromised as a Government ofﬁcial, gives up the task, and instead edits Adams’s manuscript drama Tiberius (SR 505). January Second edition of FD (Harrison 4:299). 6 (Fri) LMB suffers severe chest pains, diagnosed by Gill as a ‘nervous upset’ (WMR Diary, ADC 15:6; Harrison 4:310). 21 LMB, still in poor health, is in China Hall, Bournemouth (ADC 9:10). 27 CGR receives £86 12s 4d from Macmillan as half-proﬁts from Poems to the end of June 1892 (ADC 10:1). February 1 (Wed)–18 WMR and Mary accompany LMB to Boscombe Down (ADC 15:6). 9 CGR thanks Edmund McClure for sending her a parcel of books, including Victoria Welby-Gregory’s Links and Clues (1881). When she returns the book later in the month, she conﬁdes her unease at its ‘unauthorised statement or suggestion’ that strays from the Bible (Harrison 4:314). 10 CGR receives royalties from Roberts Brothers of £2 1s 1d (ADC 10:1; Harrison 4:314). 22 Gill advises LMB to spend next winter abroad for her health (ADC 15:6). 23 William Davies, the author of The Pilgrimage of the Tiber, makes a present to WMR of the letters he received from DGR (ADC 15:6). 25 WMR goes to see EBJ’s collected works at the New Gallery (ADC 15:6). March CGR asks WMR’s permission to dedicate Verses to him; he declines because of his own beliefs (FLCGR 193; Harrison 4:316). 2 (Thu) WMR mentions in his diary that Minto has been forced to remove some ‘disparaging inaccuracies’ about DGR in the event of a second edition of WBS’s Memoirs, but that now Minto is dead it will be difﬁcult to enforce (ADC 15:6). 3 CGR’s cancer has returned (ADC 15:6).

394 A Rossetti Family Chronology

28

April c.10

13

21

22

May 16

CGR receives £24 13s 1d from DGR’s estate (ADC 10:1). CGR shows Housman’s illustrations for GM to WMR; neither admire the designs (Harrison 4:318).

(Mon) LMB has ‘a terrible attack [of] congestion of the lungs, wh. came very near to a fatal ending’. By 17 June, she is ‘tho weak & lamentably thin, very much better’ (ADC 15:6). CGR’s doctor and surgeon tell her that the state of her heart renders a further operation inadvisable. She reads Letters of James Smetham, with an Introductory Memoir (1891) and Emilia Russell Gurney’s Dante’s Pilgrim’s Progress (1893) (Harrison 4:320). LMB makes her will. She appoints FMB and Hilton Percy Barraud as trustees and leaves her house and property to her children (ADC 7:2). Olive Garnett notes that LMB ‘is in a fearful state of irritation, hardly responsible I should say, as her temperature is 101 o (it was 104 o)’ (Garnett 180). LMB makes a codicil to her will: she bequeaths DGR’s portrait of her to WMR (ADC 7:2).

(Tue) CGR agrees to the publication of Housman’s illustrated edition of GM, on half proﬁts (Harrison 4:324).

June Gosse, ‘Christina Rossetti’, Century Magazine (pp. 211–17). CGR writes to Gosse on 18 May and 1 June correcting some of his statements (Harrison 4:324–5). 4 (Sun) Death of EP. Accoding to Ellen A. Proctor, CGR claimed that, should she survive her aunts, she planned to settle near Rochester near Canon Burrows (Proctor 49–50; Arseneau 35). This move does not take place. CGR is the executrix. WMR receives £650 and CGR the remainder after charitable bequests (£1500, including £500 to SPCK), amounting to £4100. CGR also proposes to give shares to WMR in West Middlesex Waterworks that value £1040 (ADC 15:6; Harrison 4:328).

1893 395

July Towards the end of the month Hughes meets LMB, and writes to AB that ‘she seems very changed, so dreadfully thin and hollow eyed’ (PRG 49). 4 (Tue) The publishers Dalziels have recently failed and, as they were interested in republishing SS, CGR intends to buy the remainder-copies and the woodblocks for about £50, and approach another publisher (ADC 15:6). 10 WMR calls on Ellis & Elvey and agrees to a two-volume Kelmscott edition of DGR’s poems, sharing the proﬁts with CGR of around £65–£70 per volume, which he considers very modest (ADC 15:6). 19 WMR sells a selection of DGR manuscripts to Wise for £37 2s 0d (ADC 15:6). 25 WMR writes in his dairy of his grief at marital difﬁculties with LMB: ‘This change in my relations of affections & home-life is about the most painful thing that cd have occurred to me: deeply do I feel it, but must bear it as I may’ (ADC 15:6). August CGR buys the remaining copies of SS for c.£36 (ADC 15:6). 13 (Sun) Letter in Morning Post claims DGR’s grave is neglected and in disrepair, refuted in a reply by the vicar at Birchington (Harrison 4:334; ADC 10:7). 16–30 September CGR is in Brighton with her servant-nurse Harriet Read for her health (ADC 15:6; Harrison 4:330). September KT, ‘Dante Gabriel Rossetti: A Strayed Catholic’, Ave Maria (pp. 281–6). 14 (Thu) CGR writes to KT: ‘Do come and see,—only please do not “interview” me. I own I feel this modern fashion highly distasteful, and I am tenacious of my obscurity.’ She also asks not to see the review before publication (in December) (Harrison 4:340; Tynan 187). 25 For WMR’s birthday, CGR gives him J. P. Barrett’s A History of the Vale of Birchington, Thenet, Kent (1893), and a copy of her Verses (Harrison 4:340–1). 26 CGR approaches AM about a new and enlarged edition of SS, and offers to include her Italian translations. Macmillan accepts the offer (but declines the translations), and gives

396 A Rossetti Family Chronology

27

29

her £20 for the copyright, electrotyping and woodblock, and half-proﬁts on the publication (Harrison 4:341–2). WMR writes to the vicar at Birchington asking about a report in the Pall Mall Gazette and Echo ‘that Gabriel’s grave-monument is chipped by American relic-ﬁlchers’ (ADC 15:6). WMR’s bank balance stands at £76, perhaps the lowest it has ever been. CGR gives £100 as a gift to LMB that FMLR had wished to leave to her but was not able. After FMB’s death, WMR is concerned about ﬁnancial demands made on his survivors (especially CMB), and CGR increases the advance to £200. CGR has also put £200 in the Freehold as a temporary investment (ADC 15:6; FLCGR 197–8).

October Publication of CGR’s Verses. She sends a copy to ACS, at WMR’s suggestion (Harrison 4:343–4). Review of Poems in Edinburgh Review (pp. 494–5), unfavourably comparing ‘Goblin Market’ to Jean Ingelow. 3 (Tue) LMB, Mary, Helen and Olive leave for Villa Cadorno in Castagnole, Pallanza, Lake Maggiore, Italy (ADC 15:6). 4 CGR is reading with dislike Lewis Morris’s The Epic of Hades: In Three Books (?1890) (Harrison 4:344–5). 6 Unexpected death of FMB from apoplexy (ADC 15:6, 8:10). LMB and CMB each receive a small bequest (SR 526, 528–9). LMB’s health weakens even further with the shock of the news (ADC 9:10). WMR is approached by Longman about writing a biography of FMB. WMR refuses but suggests that LMB be contacted in Pallanza. She begins to write the biography (SR 543–4). CGR receives £20 from Macmillan for the electrotyping of SS and from DGR’s estate £35 9s 11d (ADC 10:1). CGR writes to ACS to thank him for sending Grace Darling in response to the gift of Verses (Harrison 4:346). 7 CGR offers to lend WMR £100 or more to help pay off FMB’s debts. WMR has ‘abandoned hope’ of LMB’s recovery (Harrison 4:347–8). 11 CGR declines WMR’s invitation to move into FMB’s old house in 1 St Edmund’s Terrace (two houses along from his own), because the layout does not suit her inﬁrmities (Harrison 4:349).

1893 397

16 24

31

CGR receives £8 4s 0d as her royalty from MFR’s Shadow of Dante to last midsummer (ADC 10:1). CGR writes to Edmund McClure offering him £20 to destroy all remaining copies of the SPCK’s pro-vivisectionist Our Secret Friends and Foes (1893), by Percy Faraday Franklin (Harrison 4:352). CGR writes to Henry Mackenzie Bell thanking him for sending his Spring’s Immortality and Other Poems (1893). On 9 November CGR recommends to WMR the sonnet on DGR’s grave (Harrison 4:352–4).

November The Kelmscott Press issues Ballads and Narrative Poems, by DGR, set in golden type and decorated with borders and initials (Parry 329). 9 (Thu) Publication of Housman’s illustrated edition of GM, with 2000 copies, which quickly sell out (Harrison 4:324, 357–8). 10 CGR agrees to lend EES’s painting The Eve of St Agnes, which is in her possession, for George Somes Layard’s Tennyson and His Pre-Raphaelite Illustrators (1894), adding ‘I shall be really pleased if our poor Lizzie’s name and fame can be brought forward’ (Harrison 4:355). 21 LMB sends WMR for comments the ﬁrst part of her biography of FMB, to be published by Longman (ADC 9:10, 15:6). Ultimately, this biography will be completed by Ford Madox Hueffer (Thirlwell 145). 25 Unsigned positive review of CGR’s Verses in Speaker (p. 588). December DGR’s early ﬁve-stanza poem ‘Sacramental Hymn’ is ﬁrst published in ‘Some Scraps of Verse and Prose by Dante Gabriel Rossetti’ in Pall Mall Magazine (Duke 8). WMR suggests that he joins LMB in Italy but she discourages him (SR 527–8). Verses is published, creating a huge Christmas demand (Harrison 4:358–9, 364). WMR suggests that ‘“Sleeping at last, the trouble and tumult over”’ was one of the last poems CGR ever wrote, and that it dates from late 1893 or early 1894 (Crump 3:507). He ﬁnds the poem after her death in Torrington Square on 13 February 1895 (ADC 15:7). Sometime before Christmas CGR meets Mackenzie Bell for the ﬁrst

398 A Rossetti Family Chronology

time (Harrison 4:357, 363). KT, ‘The Poetry of Christina Rossetti’, Bookman (London; pp. 78–9). 4 (Mon) CGR returns to WMR George Musgrave’s translation of Inferno into Spenserian stanzas, ‘with considerable admiration’ (Harrison 4:359). 16 Review of Verses in The Athenaeum (pp. 842–3). 23 Article in Academy (p. 573) discusses CGR’s Poems and Hughes’s illustrations (Tobin 144). 24 CGR suggests that she travel to Pallanza in the New Year to comfort LMB and help look after the children; but WMR dissuades her because of her health (FLCGR 200–1; Harrison 4:361). 25 CGR has ‘a touch of the old heart attack’ (Harrison 4:364). 29 WMR responds to bad news from Pallanza about LMB’s worsening health: ‘There is little or nothing just now to console us except mutual affection & tenderness’ (ADC 8:10). CGR offers to lend WMR the money for the journey to Pallanza (Harrison 4:364).

1894 CGR Finance CGR’s account book, which ends on 18 October because of her ill health, shows her income this year to be £692 17s 7d mostly from shares (80 Reversionaries make her £200 on 1 January and same amount again on 1 June, West Middlesex Water Works, National Freehold and dividend from Price’s Candles), legacies and royalties (ADC 10:1). WMR retires, and begins a series of visits this year and the next to the Zoological Gardens, examining all the species in turn. DGR Criticism includes Esther Wood, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and the PreRaphaelite Movement; John Skelton’s The Table-Talk of Shirley defends DGR against WBS’s account. January WMR assists LMB in her negotiations with Longmans for the terms of her biography of FMB (ADC 8:11, 9:10). 25 (Fri) CGR receives £69 11s 7d from Macmillan, half-proﬁts from Poems to the end of June 1893 (ADC 10:1). CGR gives Arthur a copy of Verses, which has sold over 3000 copies (Harrison 4:367).

1894 399

27

WMR writes to LMB that CGR’s ‘condition is more than usually unsatisfactory’. On the 2 February he reports to LMB that Stewart and Lawson have seen her and they ‘agreed in saying that there is serious evil going on, but it can’t be dealt with by any measures of adequate vigour’ (ADC 8:11).

February 1 (Fri) CGR receives £2 9s 4d in royalties from Roberts Brothers (ADC 10:1). c.7 LMB leaves Pallanza intending to travel to Cannes, but is forced to stop off in Genoa owing to poor health (WMR Diary, ADC 15:6). 13 WMR acknowledges receipt of £6 8s 3d from Roberts Brothers, Boston, as royalties for an American edition of DGR’s poems (ADC 15:6). 14 LMB and Olive reach San Remo and intend to head on for Cannes but end up staying in Hotel Victoria, San Remo (ADC 15:6). 18 LMB writes to WMR, dictated to Olive, that she has consulted a Dr Ansaldi: ‘He considers me evidently tremendously weak’ and proposes taking ‘milder measures’ (ADC 9:10). 24 Very favourable review by Edmund K. Chambers of Verses, Academy (pp. 162–4). March CGR gives notice to leave her house by Michaelmas, although she does not yet know where to move, but she also doubts that she will live that long (ADC 8:11). At the end of March, Longmans approach CGR about a 3s 6d edition of A Shadow of Dante for their Silver Library series, of which she approves (Harrison 3:373). 1 (Fri) Frances H. Low calls on WMR as research for an article in the Strand on books read by children in the present day and by those of an earlier date. She asks WMR for details of books read in childhood by himself, DGR and CGR (ADC 15:6). Low’s ‘Favourite Books of Childhood’ is published on 14 August (pp. 128–36), and quotes WMR on DGR and CGR’s favourite childhood books. 11? Francis Turner calls on CGR to present a copy of his Golden Treasury, just published in a revised and enlarged edition; she is too ill to see him (Harrison 4:371–2).

400 A Rossetti Family Chronology

17–21 July WMR’s Diary: ‘A long & melancholy interruption, owing to the last illness of my dearest Lucy, & her death’ (ADC 15:6). During the interruption to his diary, WMR decides to retire earlier than 1 September as planned; the Board offered him compassionate leave until then (Thirlwell 308). 19 WMR receives a telegram announcing that LMB is near death. The following day he starts for San Remo with Arthur (FLCGR 202). 20 CGR writes to McClure that she will resume her donations to the SPCK when they change their stance on vivisection (Harrison 4:373). 26 CGR offers £100 towards the cost of sending Gill, the family doctor, out to see LMB (Harrison 4:374). c.27 CGR hears from Edmund McClure that a third edition of Verses is planned (Harrison 4:376). April 9

12

14 16 17 18

(Tues) CGR writes to WMR that her health is deteriorating and hints she has remade her will. She is reading Walter Lock’s John Keble: A Biography (1893) (Harrison 4:378). Death of LMB in San Remo from consumption, with WMR and Olive at her side: ‘She was conscious to the last, & her courage never ﬂinched for a moment.’ She is buried in San Remo because the cost of transit to London would have been £200 (ADC 15:6, 10:8, 19:1). Arthur has already returned to London, and when he receives a telegram about his mother’s death goes round to tell CGR (Harrison 4:379). LMB’s wealth at death is £3064 19s 6d (DNB). (Easter Day) CGR declines WMR’s offer of living with him, because of the expense of a large house (Harrison 4:380). WMR and children arrive back from St Remo (ADC 10:8). CGR asks William Bryant to stop sending her letters begging money (Harrison 4:381). WMR writes to CGR that LMB has left almost all her separate property to the children, which WMR approves of. The house, however, has been left in trust for the children and Hilton Perry Barraud the lawyer is the trustee: ‘My position thus becomes a matter of some embarrassment & speculation to myself, as I seem to have no personal right in the house – not even to live there, were B.[arraud] to decree

1894 401

otherwise (not that this can be in any way expected)’ (ADC 10:8). CGR offers to live with WMR (Harrison 4:382). May 5

June 5

21

(Sun) Positive review by Lily Watson of Verses in Sunday at Home (pp. 425–8).

(Wed) Bell calls on CGR, who tells him she intends moving by Michaelmas to Regent’s Park to be nearer to WMR’s family, but shortly afterwards her doctor warns that her health is too delicate for the removal (Bell 139–40). CGR ﬁnishes reading ‘with much interest’ FGS’s essays on DGR in Portfolio (on Beata Beatrix, no. 21, 1891; Rosa Triplex, no. 23, 1892); she makes notes on them for WMR. This is the last letter in her own handwriting which she sends to WMR (Harrison 4:386).

July CGR, ‘The Way of the World’, Magazine of Art (pp. 304–5), illustrated by W. E. F. Britten; earns CGR £3 3s 0d (ADC 10:1). 11 (Thu) CGR receives £47 4s 6d from DGR’s estate (ADC 10:1). 22 WMR begins work on FLDGR/FLM and writes to TWD asking him to relinquish his long-delayed promise of a memoir for the edition (ADC 15:7). 24 CGR’s health is at a critical stage and she has ‘considerable suffering’ (ADC 15:7). WMR begins to call on her more frequently and notes her failing health in detail in his diary. According to Ellen A. Proctor, in her last illness CGR places next to her the favourite text from Isaiah 12.2 ‘I will trust, and be not afraid’ (Proctor 82). 25 Sale at Messrs H. E. Foster, 54 Pall Mall, at the order of Barraud, of eight (seven according to The Times) DGR works from the collection of LMB, including studies and replicas of La Donna della Finestra, Sibylla Palmifera, Lady Lilith and Found. Four works achieve near the reserve prices, four lower (ADC 15:7; The Times, 16 July, p. 16). August Because of ill health CGR ceases to attend services at Christ Church; instead, Revd Nash visits weekly (usually Monday mornings) and holds

402 A Rossetti Family Chronology

religious services in her room, including Holy Communion whenever she is well enough (Bell 168). 7 (Wed) Foster’s has now sold ﬁve of DGR’s works for £363 16s 6d (ADC 15:7). 10 WMR asks CGR for family details for FLDGR/FLM (Harrison 4:388–9). 15 CGR now conﬁned to her bed, and nurse Harriet Read acts as her amanuensis (WMR Diary, ADC 15:7; Harrison 4:388). 19 WMR begins his work on the Memoir for FLM (ADC 15:7). 23 Stewart tells WMR that CGR suffers from ‘a functional irreguly (not organic disease) of the heart, & hysteria – to wh. he has more th. once told me C. is extremely subject, tho’ I can’t say that I shd have discerned it for myself’ (ADC 15:7). CGR asks WMR as her executor to promise to leave in his will £1000 for the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, £500 to All Saints Sisterhood and £500 to Revd Charles Gutch at St Cyprian’s Church, Dorset Square, for his charities (ADC 10:2). September 3 (Tue) CGR ‘gradual tho’ not very marked worsening. A little earnest to talk on matters of religion’ (ADC 15:7). 5 CGR dictates a farewell letter that is sent to FJS, since he has been told he cannot visit her because of illness (Harrison 4:389). 6 CGR tells WMR that she should like to see him in heaven (ADC 15:7). 15 CGR’s pain is increasing, although she makes light of it. WMR reads his will over with her (ADC 15:7). October In late autumn, Dr Stewart leaves for the south of France for his health. CGR now attended by Abbot Anderson (Bell 173). WMR reports that CGR ‘most gloomy’ about her spiritual state, probably owing to the inﬂuence of opiates, and that, although her faith ‘in the promises of the Gospel’ held ﬁrm, her sense of their threatenings was unjustly lively (Bell 177). 1 (Tue) CGR receives £51 6s 0d from DGR’s estate (ADC 10:1). 3 WMR calls on CGR and ﬁnds she is ‘very weak, with hysterical touches at moments’. She helps him with FLM by talking of their childhood (ADC 15:7).

1894 403

9 18 21

23

26

30

WMR visits CGR. She recites for him her early poems ‘The Chinaman’ and a stanza from ‘Charon’ (ADC 15:7). CGR receives £14 10s 6d as her royalties from MFR’s Shadow of Dante (ADC 10:1). KT writes to WMR with concern for CGR’s illness (ADC 24:15). At some stage during CGR’s ﬁnal illness KT is admitted to her sickroom for what proves a farewell visit (Tynan 188). Hughes meets WMR at the exhibition of new portraits at the New Gallery. He asks if CGR is very ill, and WMR replies, ‘Oh, yes, she is dying!’ (PRG 55). A British newspaper reports that: ‘One of our most eminent poetesses, Miss Christina Rossetti, sister of the Pre-Raphaelite poet-painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti, and author of some of the most profound devotional poetry of our time, is most alarmingly ill. Indeed, her life is despaired of, and she herself shows no inclination to struggle for it. For years she has shut herself out from all society and lived in absolutely monastic retirement in a quiet Bloomsbury square. She has not published any new poetry for years, but a selection was recently issued, and she is understood to have several short poems in manuscript’ (clipping of unattributed newspaper, RHC 4:9). Through her nurse, CGR sends her 1894 subscription to SPCK, apologising for its lateness (Harrison 4:389).

November 9 (Sat) WMR fears that CGR is very near death. He conducts an interview and writes it up in note form (ADC 15:7, 10:2). 17 WMR continues another interview with CGR, which he again writes up in note form (ADC 10:2). 18 WMR is continuing with his memoir of DGR. ‘Read Lizzie Siddal’s verses, wh. I never did before with adequate attention: They have feeling & the essence of style, but want polish here & there’ (ADC 15:7). December 2 (Mon) On WMR’s visit to CGR, she speaks of Scott’s The Lord of the Isles (1815) (ADC 15:7). 17 WMR visits CGR and she is able to hear letters read out to her. ‘I fear her mind is always now possessed by gloomy

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29

31

ideas as to the world of spirits, but she has not for some weeks past said to me anything bearing in this direction’ (ADC 15:7). WMR visits CGR again. She seems more self-possessed: ‘She did not speak. I come to the conclusion that she is constantly engaged in mental prayer, & tho’ not unconscious of what is going on around her, will not take any express notice of it’ (ADC 15:7). Death of CGR who was, according to her nurse Harriet Read, ‘praying up to 5 min. of the end’. Death certiﬁcate gives primary cause as scirrhus, and the secondary as cardiac failure (ADC 15:7). Harriet Read writes to Rose Hake on 4 January that CGR had to be fastened down the night of her death. WMR asks that TWD write a notice for The Athenaeum (Harrison 4:390–1). WMR: ‘Last day of a very grievous year.’ First notice of CGR’s death in a long memoir in Daily Chronicle (ADC 15:7).

1895 CGR From February 1895 until summer 1897, WMR and Mackenzie Bell are in frequent contact about Bell’s biography of CGR (TC 13:11). Biography/acclaim Revd Joseph John Glendinning Nash’s Memorial Sermon Preached at Christ Church, Woburn Square, for the Late Christina Rossetti; Ellen A. Proctor, A Brief Memoir of Christina G. Rossetti. WMR Publications include (ed.), Dante Gabriel Rossetti: His Family Letters with a Memoir; The Poetical Works of James Russell Lowell. MFR Publication A Shadow of Dante, 3s 6d Silver Library edition, with print run of 1000 copies (Harrison 4:373). January 1

2

(Tue) Through the aftermath of CGR’s death and preparations for the funeral, WMR continues to work daily on his memoir of DGR (WMR Diary, ADC 15:7). Unsigned obituary of CGR, The Times (p. 4). Funeral of CGR, ‘performed with dignity, grace & in a way quite consonant to my feelings’ (WMR). In the

1895 405

4

5

6

7 10 12

16 20

26

mourning carriages are WMR and his children, Nash, TWD, Lisa Wilson and two servants from Torrington Square. TWD shows WMR the proof copy of his article on CGR for The Athenaeum, which WMR terms ‘very satisfactory’. In the days following the funeral, WMR begins to sort through and then dispose of CGR’s possessions, including family papers, books and manuscripts, in Torrington Square. Bell writes to WMR that he is glad his lines addressed to CGR were so admired by WMR and that, as he suggested, he has sent them to The Athenaeum (ADC 15:7, 19:8). Mackenzie Bell, ‘To Christina G. Rossetti (Greater as a Woman than even as a Poet)’, memorial poem, Literary World (p. 21). Harriet Read sends Rose Hake a lock of CGR’s hair (Harrison 4:391). TWD, ‘Christina Georgina Rossetti’, The Athenaeum (pp. 16–18); ‘Christina Rossetti’, Saturday Review (pp. 5–6) praises CGR’s poetic artistry; obituary in Academy (p. 12) compares her to DGR. WMR and Olive attend a memorial service for CGR in Christ Church, Woburn Square, and admire Nash’s sermon on CGR (ADC 15:7). Description of funeral service in The Times (p. 7), which praises CGR’s religious poetry. ‘The Death of Christina Rossetti’, Public Opinion (p. 43). TWD, ‘The Two Christmastides’ (memorial poem to CGR), The Athenaeum (p. 49); assessment of CGR as a Romantic poet in New York Critic (p. 21). ‘Christina Georgina Rossetti’, Dial (pp. 37–9). WMR hears from Nash that there was some support for making CGR the Poet Laureate at a high level. WMR believes it would have been too late for CGR to have accepted the post (ADC 15:8). KT, ‘London Letter’, Boston Literary World (p. 24), describes visiting CGR and FMLR in 1886.

February Alice Meynell, ‘Christina Rossetti’, New Review (pp. 201–6); Arthur Christopher Benson, ‘Christina Rossetti’, National Review (pp. 753–63); ‘The Rambler’, in Book Buyer (pp. 21–3) praises CGR as an English PreRaphaelite; KT, ‘Some Reminiscences of Christina Rossetti’, New York

406 A Rossetti Family Chronology

Bookman (pp. 28–9), describes a visit to CGR in 1885; Alexander H. Japp discusses CGR in ‘Two Pairs of Modern Poets. By One Who Knows Them’, Cassell’s Family Magazine (pp. 223–7); ACS, ‘A New Year’s Eve: Christina Rossetti Died December 29, 1894’, Nineteenth Century (pp. 367–8); Lily Watson, ‘Christina G. Rossetti’, Leisure Hour (pp. 245–8); TWD, ‘Reminiscences of Christina Rossetti’, Nineteenth Century (pp. 355–66). 7 (Thu) In relation to CGR’s estate, WMR makes afﬁdavits at Turner’s, total net £13,200, ‘rather more th. I expected’ (ADC 15:8). The Times announces this sum on 15 February 1895 (clipping, RHC 4:9). 8 Mackenzie Bell offers to write CGR’s biography; WMR replies positively (TC 13:11). 9 D. Sutherland, ‘Christina Rossetti’, Boston Literary World (p. 40). March Mackenzie Bell, ‘Christina G. Rossetti’, Author (pp. 269–70), writes in high praise of her character and poetry; Christabel R. Coleridge, ‘The Poetry of Christina Rossetti’, Monthly Packet (pp. 276–82). 14 (Thu) WMR estimates that CGR’s works of art comes to £571, at least four times higher than the ﬁgure reached by the appraiser (ADC 15:8, 10:1). 18 Ellen Proctor temporarily moves into the drawing ﬂoor of 30 Torrington Square on WMR’s suggestion. WMR loans her materials to aid her memoir of CGR (ADC 15:8). April Alice Law, ‘The Poetry of Christina G. Rossetti’, Westminster Review (pp. 444–53). 10 (Wed) WMR completes his memoir of DGR, ‘certainly the most considerable performance of my lifetime’ (ADC 15:8). May 12

(Sun) WMR plans to assemble a volume of previously unpublished poems by CGR and later a revised edition of the complete works (ADC 15:8).

June Andrew Lang, ‘This Month in England’, London Cosmopolitan Magazine (p. 112), favourably compares CGR’s poetry with EBB;

1895 407

William Sharp, ‘Some Reminiscences of Christina Rossetti’, Atlantic Monthly (pp. 736–49). 5 (Wed) Macmillan publishers agree that Olive should do a Birthday Book for CGR (published 1896 as The Rossetti Birthday Book) (ADC 15:8). 25–15 July WMR and children in San Remo to tend to LMB’s grave (ADC 15:8). July M. Johnson, ‘Christina G. Rossetti’, Primitive Methodist Quarterly Review (pp. 469–81). 31 (Wed) Bell calls on WMR to discuss CGR. He buys the original manuscript of ‘When I am dead my dearest’ for £3 (ADC 15:8). August 1 13 28

(Thu) Sale of CGR’s books by Sotheby’s, raising £44 19s 0d (ADC 15:8). Lisa Wilson assists WMR with collating unpublished poems of CGR (ADC 24:17). Hughes tells AB how WMR has sold CGR’s belongings, after allowing friends to choose and pay for their own memorials of CGR, at a price ﬁxed on by WMR. He has received a pair of candlesticks designed by DGR (PRG 59–60).

September 16 (Mon) National Portrait Gallery accepts DGR’s CGR and FMLR (S.433) and a portrait of John Polidori (ADC 15:8); they join GFW’s 1871 portrait of DGR and DGR’s 1847 self-portrait (S.434) (ADC 15:8). 30 Macmillan send WMR an account of CGR’s Poems from 1 July 1894 to 30 June 1895: about 2500 copies were sold at a proﬁt to WMR of £216 (ADC 15:8). October 18

(Fri) Lisa Wilson writes to WMR that, through Nash, she has CGR’s carbuncle ring, which she always wore and which she gave to the offertory of Christ Church at her death. She wishes to leave it in her will to WMR’s children (ADC 24:17).

408 A Rossetti Family Chronology

December Publication of WMR’s Dante Gabriel Rossetti: Family Letters with a Memoir (2 vols) (ADC 15:8). 6 (Fri) National Portrait Gallery accept DGR’s 1852 pencil head of FMB (S.269) (ADC 15:8). 30 WMR lunches at the National Liberal Club with Rowley, TWD, FJS and Crane. FLDGR/FLM is the main conversation point (ADC 15:8). 31 WMR notes in his diary: ‘Close of a year wh. (spite of painful memories) has been comparatively cheerful to me, owing to perpetual & congenial occupn’ (ADC 15:8).

1896 CGR Owen Seaman parodies CGR’s ‘A Birthday’ in ‘The Links of Love’, The Battle of the Bays. Publication WMR (ed.), New Poems by Christina Rossetti. Criticism includes James B. Kenyon, ‘Dante Rossetti and His Sister Christina’, Methodist Review (vol. 78, pp. 745–53). DGR Publication The White Ship: A Little Book of Poems Selected from the Works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti (Boston). January John Walker [Rowland Thirlmere], ‘Vita Aeterna: In Memoriam Christinae G. Rossetti’, Manchester Quarterly, pp. 39–45. c.14 (Thu)–c.2 June WMR and Helen in Davos-Platz, Switzerland, for their health (WMR Diary, ADC 15:8). February Review of New Poems in Saturday Review (pp. 194–7). 15 (Sun) TWD’s review of New Poems, The Athenaeum (pp. 207–9). 29 Review of New Poems, Spectator (pp. 309–10). March C. Porter’s review of New Poems, Poet-lore, pp. 149–50. 18 (Wed) Review of New Poems, Guardian (p. 432). 21 Review of New Poems, Literary World (Boston, p. 85).

1896 409

April Review of New Poems in Atlantic Monthly (pp. 570–1) and Edinburgh Review (p. 514). TWD, ‘The Life of D. G. Rossetti’, Spectator (pp. 596–7). 1 (Wed) W. M. Payne, review of New Poems, Dial (pp. 205–6). 4 (Easter Friday) Michael Field, ‘Original Verse. To Christina Rossetti’, Academy (p. 284). May WMR, ‘A Pre-Raphaelite Collection’, Art Journal (pp. 129–34), on James Leathart. 23 (Sat) In ‘Rossetti’s Unpublished Poems’, The Athenaeum (p. 683), TWD promises to publish ‘Jan Van Hunks’, the ‘Sphinx’ sonnets, ‘Michael Scott’s Wooing’ and ‘Poem for a Drawing’ in his possession. June 1 4

7

12

(Mon) Mary Robinson’s review of DGR appears in Revue de Paris (pp. 550–82). WMR visits the National Portrait Gallery’s new building to see the pictures connected with his family (ADC 15:8). Unsigned review of New Poems, Nation (New York; p. 436). WMR completes his income tax return. His earnings from April 1895 to 1896, from writings, picture-fees and copyrights, total £591 (ADC 15:8). WMR visits the Guildhall Exhibition with Helen, mostly to see LMB’s Fair Geraldine and Après le Bal (ADC 15:8).

July F. Cornish Warre’s article on DGR and Pre-Raphaelitism in Quarterly Review (pp. 185–214) argues that ‘Pre-Raphaelitism was not a revolution. The spirit of Pre-Raphaelitism was already in the air.’ 25 (Sat) Lionel Johnson, ‘Literature: Miss Rossetti and Mrs. Alexander’, Academy (pp. 59–60). August Janet Harper’s uncritical and sentimental ‘Dante Gabriel Rossetti: Artist and Poet’, Westminster Review (pp. 312–21). September James B. Kenyon, ‘Rossetti and His Sister Christina’, Methodist Review (vol. 78, pp. 743–53).

410 A Rossetti Family Chronology

2

30

(Wed) Mackenzie Bell leaves WMR his typescript of his book on CGR; WMR writes numerous notes and corrections. Bell works on revising the biography accordingly (ADC 15:8, 19:8). Macmillan send WMR their account for CGR’s books for the year up to 30 June. WMR will be paid next January royalties of £297 (ADC 15:8).

October ‘The Rossettis’, unsigned review of DGR and CGR, appears in the London Quarterly Review (pp. 1–16). 3 (Sat) WMR and Olive visit the Arts and Crafts Exhibition at the New Gallery, which includes work by FMB. WMR hears of the death of WM: ‘I think the loss of M. is the severest that cd have happened at this date in the region of art-intellect in England’ (ADC 15:8). November WMR suffers from an attack of gout (SR 465). 13 (Fri) WMR hears from Alfred Rake that DGR’s privately printed ‘Hand and Soul’ is much in demand, because of the Kelmscott edition, and a bookseller recently sold a copy for £8 10s 0d (ADC 15:8). December Grace Gilchrist, ‘Christina Rossetti’, Good Words (pp. 822–6), describes CGR’s visit to her home. 3 (Thu) WMR receives £30 for the copyright of Maude from Bowden; he had offered it to them for £25 (ADC 15:8). 12 Macmillan refuse Bowden permission to reproduce the poems in Maude as they are still under copyright (ADC 15:8). 23 December–12 May 1897 WMR and Helen in Australia, for Helen’s health (ADC 15:8).

1897 CGR Publications (WMR ed.) Maude: A Story for Girls (US edition entitled Maude: Prose & Verse). Criticism/biography includes Richard Garnett’s entry on CGR, Dictionary of National Biography (vol. 49, pp. 282–4); Arthur Symons,

1897 411

‘Christina Rossetti’, Studies in Two Literatures; Elbert Hubbard, ‘Christina Rossetti’, Little Journeys to the Homes of Famous Women. DGR The New Gallery holds an exhibition, Pictures Ancient and Modern by Artists of the British and Continental Schools, which includes 73 works by DGR from private collections. Publications George Birkbeck Hill (ed.), Letters of Dante Gabriel Rossetti to William Allingham, 1854–1870. Criticism includes William Norman Guthrie, Modern Poet Prophets, has a chapter on DGR. WMR begins to compile a list of books in his personal library (bound notebook catalogue, ADC 26:14). He takes on the role for the Inland Revenue of assessing works of art liable for tax exemption owing to ‘national, scientiﬁc or historical interest’ (Thirlwell 97), including the Waller picture collection (ADC 16:1). Publications (ed.), Poems by the Late John Lucas Tupper. January James Cleland Hume, ‘Rossetti, the Poet, and the Pre-Raphaelite Brothers’, Midland Monthly (pp. 42–52). February Florence L. Snow, ‘On First Reading Christina Rossetti’, Midland Monthly (pp. 120–7). 5 (Fri) WMR and Helen arrive at Melbourne. The ship is quarantined and its occupants vaccinated owing to an outbreak of small pox. They carry on to Sydney, where WMR meets the sculptor Theodora Esther Cowan (ADC 16:1). March 6

20

29

(Sat) WMR and Helen stay with Roland Allport in North Sydney. They look for a wombat to take home but ﬁnd them to be rare (SR 465). WMR and Helen leave for home, via Ceylon, the Red Sea and the Suez Canal. At Adelaide the explorer Carr-Boyd comes on board. Olive Rossetti leaves London for Genoa, via Turin, where she is detained by the police who suspect her of anarchist links (SR 465–7). WMR and Helen arrive in Naples. WMR is suffering from gout (SR 465).

412 A Rossetti Family Chronology

May 12 28

June 22

July 27

(Wed) WMR returns home from Australia, leaving Olive and Helen in Genoa (they return on 9 June) (ADC 15:8). WMR completes his income tax return: from April 1896 to 1897 his private income is £456 18s 8d (ADC 15:8).

(Tue) Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee, to which WMR pays no attention (ADC 15:8).

(Tue) WMR returns the proofs of Bell’s book on CGR with pencilled annotations (ADC 15:8).

August Charles A. L. Morse, ‘Rossetti’s Poetry’, Catholic World (pp. 633–40). Thomas Sulman, ‘A Memorable Art Class’, Good Words (pp. 547–51), reminiscences on DGR’s life classes at the Working Men’s College. 13 (Fri) WMR approaches Macmillan about a complete edition of CGR’s poems. He had already made the suggestion in June 1895 and they had been in agreement in principle, but WMR suspects they will worry about the complete edition competing with the sale of New Poems. Indeed, on the following day Macmillan declines, but WMR nevertheless begins to look through CGR’s poetry notebooks to try to ﬁx dates to poems (ADC 15:8). 14 WMR begins writing a memoir of CGR (ADC 16:1). 26 WMR visits the new National British Gallery at Millbank (ADC 15:8). September Publication of CGR’s Maude (ADC 15:8). 14 (Tue) WMR completes the blank verse translation of GR’s rhymed autobiography, begun in February 1896 (ADC 15:8). October 5 19

(Tue) EBJ proposes an exhibition of DGR’s works at the New Gallery (ADC 15:8). WMR begins to compile several albums of family photographs (ADC 15:8).

1897–1898 413

26

Bell leaves WMR a stitched copy of the CGR biography proofs. WMR sends him comments the following day (ADC 15:8).

December A DGR exhibition opens at the New Gallery (South Room): ‘It is curious to note how much more complete, and how much more enduring, is the charm of his verse than that of his painting’ (The Times, 12 January 1898, p. 12). EBJ, who visits on 30 December, writes: ‘You will love to see the Rossettis, a beautiful room full of them; so many old friends – heart-breaking little friends’ (GBJ 2:326). 14 (Tue) to 3 January 1898 WMR in Florence to attend Olive’s marriage to Antonio Agresti on 23 December (ADC 15:8).

1898 CGR As part of his research for his biography on CGR, Bell corresponds with CG (TC 23:30). Reviews/biographies include Bell, Christina Rossetti: A Biographical and Critical Study; Hattie Tyng Griswold, ‘Christina Rossetti’, Personal Sketches of Recent Authors. Reviews of Bell include assessments of CGR’s life and work, for example in The Athenaeum (22 January, p. 109), Nation (7 April, pp. 272–3). DGR Publication Mosher of Portland, Maine, republishes DGR’s HL. Reviews include Gleeson White, ‘“A Sea Spell”. An Appreciation’, Dome (vol. 2, pp. 91–4). WMR Sir Leonard Lyell gifts GR’s letters to Charles Lyell to WMR. WMR becomes a member of the Royal Literary Fund; he ofﬁcially objects to a clause in the rules that states no grants are made to those whose writings are hostile to religion and morals, mentioning Shelley, Byron, Goethe and Hugo. He offers to send further donations subject to the rule being rescinded, which it is in 1899 (ADC 16:1; SR 562–3). January 6 7

(Thu) WMR resumes work on his edition of PWCGR (WMR Diary, ADC 15:8). Publication of Bell’s biography of CGR (ADC 15:8, 19:8).

414 A Rossetti Family Chronology

11

18

21 22

24

26 29

WMR sells a bookdealer some family manuscripts and books for a total of around £27, including a copy of ‘Sir Hugh the Heron’ for £11 (ADC 15:8). Ellis & Elvey propose to WMR bringing out a volume of DGR’s poetry, such as the ballads, in a decorative or illustrated edition. The Kelmscott Press edition of DGR’s poems is sold out (ADC 15:8). ‘Christina Rossetti’, Literary World (pp. 43–4). WMR notes that reviews of Bell’s book in Literature, Saturday Review, and elsewhere (Bell to WMR, 4 February 1898, names British Weekly for 13 January and the current Bookman, both probably by Robertson Nicoll, ADC 19:8; RG 47) treat him ‘with a marked degree of contempt & asperity’. The reviews on CGR show ‘a certain re-action to her disadvantage: critics, while allowing a great deal in her favour, seem more inclined to restrict than to amplify her claims to fame’. The book’s second edition is about to be issued (ADC 15:8). Bell writes a private letter to the editor of Literature denouncing the ‘monstrous attack’ on WMR, but he will not have it published as WMR urged (ADC 15:8, 19:8; TC 13:13). WMR revises RRP, and sees with regret that there is little material on CGR (ADC 15:8). Editor of Literature approaches WMR to ask for news of his forthcoming books. WMR replies by refuting the charge that he dictated Bell’s book; this letter is published in Literature, 5 February (p. 158) (ADC 15:8).

February 5 (Sat) ‘The Rossettis. Brother and Sister’, Literary World (Boston, pp. 41–2). 17 WMR goes with Helen and Mary to the large retrospective JEM exhibition at the RA, with FJS and his wife (ADC 15:8). March 19

April 2

(Sat) WJS’s ‘Rossetti and Chloral’, Academy (p. 333), denies responsibility for DGR’s chloral addiction.

(Sat) WMR, Helen and Mary visit the Canningtown Art Exhibiton, which has pictures by FMB and DGR (ADC 15:8).

1898 415

5

13

WMR hears from Barraud that there has been on the market a facsimile piracy of CGR’s 1847 Verses (ADC 15:8). WMR ﬁnishes his long task of arranging drawings, engravings and photographs in his house, begun 28 September 1897. He lists 6366 works of art, including 834 drawings by or connected with DGR, 1015 drawings by or connected with other family members and 159 Japanese works of art (ADC 15:8).

May Frederick James Gregg, ‘Reminiscences of the Rossettis’, Book Buyer (pp. 315–18). 17 (Thu) WMR returns his income tax assessment. His private income for 1897/98 (writings, picture-fees and copyrights) is £437, and his average for three years is £495 (ADC 15:8). June Elizabeth B. Walker, ‘The Ballads of Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, Citizen (Philadelphia, pp. 76–7). 7 (Tue) WMR completes a catalogue of his books; he has 3677 items (ADC 15:8). 9 WMR takes Mary and Helen to the International Art Exhibition, Knightsbridge (ADC 15:8). 17 WMR: ‘I was much grieved to hear of the death of BurneJones: he has no successor, present or prospective’ (ADC 15:8). July 7

18 28

(Thu) A notice by Nash appears in The Times (p. 10) announcing that EBJ’s memorial to CGR ‘will shortly be completed and placed in Christ Church, Woburn-square’. The total cost is £220; £180 has been subscribed. WMR attends the sale at Sotheby’s of Ernest Hart’s Japanese drawings, prints and books, where he buys several items (ADC 15:8). WMR at the EBJ sale at Christie’s, where he considers the prices to be high (ADC 15:8). WMR ﬁnishes his edition of CGR’s complete poems. He hopes Macmillan will publish it at once, ‘as after my death there wd not remain any one very well qualiﬁed to undertake anything of the kind’ (ADC 15:8).

416 A Rossetti Family Chronology

September 30 (Fri) WMR and Bell visit GP’s former house at Holmer Green (ADC 15:8). October 10 13

(Mon) WMR is sent Antonio’s preface for his Italian translation of DGR’s poems (ADC 15:8). WMR receives a telegram from Antonio with alarming news about Olive’s ill health from local fever (‘tifo’, similar to typhoid) and a miscarriage. He leaves on 14 October for Florence, arriving on 16 October. He ﬁnds her very ill, although she is out of danger by the end of the month (ADC 15:8).

November 1 (All Saint’s Day, Tue) Unveiling of the CGR memorial in Christ Church, led by the Bishop of Durham, and consisting of ﬁve paintings by EBJ set in a reredos designed by Nash. Lisa Wilson pays £10 towards the subscription; WMR £6, with the promise of a further £4 if necessary; the SPCK £20 and the late F. T. Palgrave £12 12s 0d. The dedication service is attended by Gosse, ACS, Bell, TWD and others. An account of the unveiling appears in several newspapers, including The Times, Daily News, Morning Post, Standard, Daily Chronicle and the Daily Graphic (which reproduces the paintings on 5 November) (ADC 23:5). 2 WMR visits San Miniato (ADC 15:8). 5 ‘A Memorial to Christina Rossetti’, Saturday Review (p. 601). 24 Olive and Antonio move into their new home in the Viale Militare, with WMR and Helen. Olive has to be carried by the black-robed Compagnia della Misericordia (ADC 15:8). 29 WMR leaves for London, returning on 1 December, leaving Helen in Florence (ADC 15:8). December WMR, ‘Some Scraps of Verse and Prose by Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, Pall Mall Magazine (pp. 480–96), also published separately in New York. 24 (Sat) RRP, published on 13 December (but dated 1899), is nearly sold out of the large paper issue of 250. The giftbook HL, published by Ellis & Elvey, is also selling well (ADC 15:8). 25 WMR eats Christmas dinner alone, he thinks for the ﬁrst time in his life (ADC 15:8).

1899 417

1899 CGR Publication Reﬂected Lights from ‘The Face of the Deep’ (SPCK). Biography/criticism includes Brooke Foss Westcott, An Appreciation of the Late Christina G. Rossetti (SPCK); an article on EBJ’s memorial window for CGR appears in The Magazine of Art (vol. 22, pp. 88–90) and Critic (New York) (vol. 34, p. 13). DGR Publication The Siddal Edition of the Works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti (7 vols, 1899–1901), with a prefatory note to each volume by WMR; DGR’s Jenny republished by the Philosopher Press in Wausau, Wisconsin; Mosher of Portland, Maine, republishes DGR’s Hand and Soul. Antonio Agresti publishes an Italian translation of DGR’s poems, Poesie di Dante G. Rossetti tradotte con uno studio su la pittura inglese e su l’opera pittorica e la vita dell’autore (SR 454). Criticism/reviews include Henry Currie Marillier, Dante Gabriel Rossetti: An Illustrated Memorial of His Art and Life; Mrs Arthur Bell, Representative Painters of the XIXth Century includes a chapter on DGR; FitzRoy Carrington, Pictures and Poems by Dante Gabriel Rossetti. WMR Finance WMR’s income tax return for 1899–1900 is £597 3s 1d (ADC 16:1). Publications include (ed.) Ruskin, Rossetti, Pre-Raphaelitism: Papers 1854 to 1862. January Anon., ‘Some Women Poets’, Quarterly Review (pp. 32–57), assesses CGR’s life and work. 7 (Sat) Ellis & Elvey send WMR £52 12s 6d as half-yearly payment, which includes £12 5s 5d on 1309 copies of HL (WMR Diary, ADC 15:8). February A. Wilmersdoerffer, ‘Dante Gabriel Rossetti und sein Einﬂuss’, Westermanns Illustrierte Deutsche Monatshefte (pp. 592–610). March 15

(Wed) WMR views the EBJ memorial to CGR in Christ Church (ADC 15:8).

418 A Rossetti Family Chronology

19 26 29

April 24

May 1

11

13 14 16 20

June 10 19 July 5

August 29

WMR, after compiling an inventory of works of art in his house, calculates the total value to be £1684 19s 0d (ADC 15:8). WMR and Mary go to Mrs Deverell’s to hear Reginald Clarke’s Cantata of the Blessed Damozel (ADC 16:1). WMR begins writing his memoir of CGR for the complete edition of her poetry (ADC 16:1).

(Mon) WMR views the pictures of the Duke of Hamilton at Hamilton Palace and in Edinburgh (ADC 16:1).

(Mon) WMR visits the exhibition of English pictures at the Guildhall, largely works of Turner: ‘a stupendous show’ (ADC 16:1). WMR goes to the New Gallery to see WHH’s The Miracle of the Holy Fire in the Church of the Sepulchre at Jerusalem (1893–99). He ﬁnds it ‘distressingly garish in colour, & destitute of ensemble’ but still ‘remarkable’ (ADC 16:1). WMR estimates the value of the unframed drawings and photographs he has in his house at £389 19s 2d (ADC 16:1). WMR ﬁnishes his memoir of CGR (ADC 16:1). WMR goes to Paris with Mary (ADC 16:1). WMR goes on alone to Florence to see Olive and Helen (ADC 16:1).

(Sat) WMR and Helen begin their trip to Venice, Verona, Innsbruck, Zurich, Strasbourg and Ostend (ADC 16:1). WMR and Helen return to London (ADC 16:1).

(Wed) WMR buys an 1854 watercolour by DGR of EES for £18 from James Siddal, the brother of EES, who is in need of money; WMR offers to see if CFM or someone else will offer him a higher price. This is the ﬁrst time WMR has seen Siddal since EES’s funeral (ADC 16:1).

(Tue) WMR goes to the Greater Britain Exhibition, Earl’s Court (ADC 16:1).

1899–1900 419

September 7 (Thu) WMR sells James Siddal’s watercolour of EES by DGR to Sydney Cockerell, of the Morris ﬁrm, for £25 and sends Siddal the £7 proﬁt. In reply, Siddal sends him an ink sketch of Tennyson Reading Maude by DGR, dated 27 September 1855. It is in a neglected state and WMR thinks it may be a copy by EES (ADC 16:1; Peattie 621). 13–30 WMR goes to Smedley’s Hydropathic Establishment at Matlock with Helen to treat his rheumatism (ADC 16:1). 25 WMR’s seventieth birthday (ADC 16:1). November WMR’s Praeraphaelite Diaries and Letters published (ADC 16:1). L. S. Livingston, ‘First Books of Some English Authors. III. Dante Gabriel and Christina Rossetti’, Bookman (New York; pp. 245–7). 25 (Sat) WMR and Helen go to a sale at Sotheby’s. DGR’s juvenile ballad ‘William & Marie’ sells to the bookseller Spencer for £10 10s 0d and a translation of Bürger’s Lenore by DGR to Ellis for £26 10s 0d (ADC 16:1). December Henry Currie Marillier, ‘The Salutations of Beatrice: as Treated Pictorially by D. G. Rossetti’, Art Journal (pp. 353–7). 23 (Sat) WMR begins revising his translation of Dante’s Purgatorio. He had followed a methodology of ‘the most rigid literality’ and now wants ‘to introduce a little more freedom where it may seem to conduce to good diction or good rhythm’. He also begins a prefatory note for DGR’s translation of Bürger’s Lenore (ADC 16:1).

1900 CGR Biography/criticism includes Elisabeth Luther Cary, The Rossettis, Dante Gabriel and Christina; Hugh Walker discusses CGR in The Age of Tennyson. DGR Publication (transl.) Lenor by Gottfried August Bürger. WMR unsuccessfully attempts to publish his translation of Dante’s Purgatory (SR 310).

420 A Rossetti Family Chronology

Publications include ‘Leopardi’, in Studies in European Literature being the Taylorian Lectures 1889–1899; (ed.) Pre-Raphaelite Diaries and Letters; Permanent Photographs after the Works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti: With Explanatory Text. January 11

(Thur) Ellis & Elvey send WMR £59 as royalty for the halfyear, until 31 December, on DGR’s books and FLM/FLDGR (WMR diary, ADC 16:1).

April 15

(Easter Sunday) WMR values his book collection as £820 15s 5d, in addition to family books worth £301 13s 8d (ADC 16:1). 24–31 May WMR in Venice with Helen (ADC 16:1). June Anna Blanche McGill, ‘Some Famous Literary Clans: I. The Rossettis’, Book Buyer (pp. 278–82). 5 (Tue) WMR makes out his income tax return for 1900–1. His income for the past three years averages £511 11s 7d (ADC 16:1). 12 WMR sees the Turners from the late Ruskin’s collection at the Fine Art Society (ADC 16:1). September Franklin B. Sawvel, ‘Dante’s Dream and Captive Andromache’, Education, A Monthly Magazine (pp. 32–6). 30 (Sun) WMR begins sorting out his collection of letters, starting with 1835, keeping letters that are of family interest only (ADC 16:1). October Elizabeth Luther Cary, ‘Rossetti and the Pre-Raphaelites’, Critic (pp. 320–6). 8 (Mon) WMR’s contract with Ellis & Elvey terminates in 1903 and some of DGR’s writings are out of, or nearly out of, copyright. WMR and the publisher agree to prolong the arrangement for a further two years, and so on optionally every two years (ADC 16:1). December 5 (Wed) WMR visits Brantwood, Coniston, to see the pictures left by Ruskin (ADC 16:1).

1901 421

1901 CGR Criticism includes Alexander Thompson’s discussion of CGR’s lyricism in his History of English Literature. DGR Reviews/criticism includes Peter Taylor Forsyth’s Religion in Recent Art: Expository Lectures on Rossetti, Burne-Jones, Watts, Holman Hunt and Wagner; R. Barbiera’s ‘La Strana Vita di Dante Gabriele [sic] Rossetti’, in Immortali e dimenticati; Hermann Muthesius’s ‘Dante Gabriel Rossetti’ in Kunst und Kunsthandwerk (vol. 4, pp. 373–89). WMR Publication includes (transl.) Gabriele Rossetti: A Versiﬁed Autobiography; The Germ (facsimile reprint). Portrait Winter 1901–2, Herbert Harlakenden Gilchrist paints an oil portrait of WMR by artiﬁcial light (Thirlwell 40). January 11

(Fri) WMR receives £76 from Ellis who ﬁnds an unpaid sum owing to DGR towards 1880 (ADC 16:1).

May ‘The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood: Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, Werner’s Magazine (pp. 193–202). June 28

(Fri) William Morris Colles from the Authors’ Syndicate informs WMR that negotiation with Harmsworth for Polidori’s diary failed. He thinks of trying Sands for RP (Allen has declined to publish it). WMR thinks he will have to repay most of the advance for PRD from Hurst & Blackett as it is not selling well. Colles laughs at this suggestion (ADC 16:1).

July Clara Elizabeth Laughlin, ‘Dante Gabriel Rossetti and “The HL”’, Delineator (pp. 93–6). 2 (Tue) WMR visits the RA exhibition, curious to see the revival of early Pre-Raphaelitism in the works of artists such as John Byam Shaw (ADC 16:1).

422 A Rossetti Family Chronology

26

WMR receives from the solicitor Turner the manuscript of CGR’s SS with designs by her, having recently learned of its existence from Dalziel Brothers (ADC 16:1).

August ‘Buchanan and Rossetti’, Bookman (New York, pp. 524–6). 3 (Sat)–4 Rossetti family together for the ﬁrst time since before Olive’s marriage in November 1897; they have a group photograph taken by Elliott & Fry (ADC 16:1). 24 Encouraged by his children, WMR begins work on his Reminiscences (ADC 16:1). 31 WMR, Olive and Helen go to the Chinese Exhibition, Whitechapel Art Gallery (ADC 16:1). September 14 (Sat) Arthur and Dora Brandreth are married at St Luke’s Church, W. Norwood (ADC 16:1; SR 455). 16–21 WMR goes to see the heirlooms of the Duke of Argyll at Inverary Castle, Glengoil, Loch Goil and Rosneath Castle. He also visits the International Exhibition in Glasgow (ADC 16:1). November Herbert H. Gilchrist, ‘Recollections of Rossetti’, Lippincott’s Magazine (pp. 571–6).

1902 CGR Criticism includes William Payne’s entry on CGR in Library of the World’s Best Literature. DGR An exhibition of platinotype reproductions of the works of DGR, EBJ, GFW and others is held by the Dudley Galleries at the Egyptian Halls, Picadilly. Mrs Russell Barrington and W. M. Hardinge organise an exhibition of works by or relating to DGR at Leighton House (SR 494). CFM buys about 650 of DGR’s letters from CAH for £400, in addition to GR’s letters to Kirkup from Tivoli (WMR Diary, ADC 16:1). Criticism/reviews include Helen M. M. Rossetti, ‘The Life and Work of Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, Art Journal Easter Annual (SR 455); Antonio

1902 423

Agresti, La Vita Nuova di Dante con le illustrazioni di D. G. Rossetti; Ford Madox Hueffer, Rossetti: A Critical Essay on his Art. January J. Spens, ‘The Ethical Signiﬁcance of Rossetti’s Poetry’, International Journal of Ethics (pp. 216–25). 9 (Thur) WMR and Helen visit CFM to see DGR’s works (ADC 16:1). February 17 (Mon) WMR visits ACS. ACS reads him Act 1 of Caesar Borgia and The Altar of Righteousness and denounces dogmatic Christianity (ADC 16:1). 26 The Authors’ Syndicate informs WMR that Sands is willing to publish RP but the terms are not generous. WMR asks for 8 or 9 per cent royalty on all copies rather than 10 per cent after the ﬁrst 250 (ADC 16:2). March 4

(Tue) Helen and Mary go to the Kensington Town Hall to hear one of Stopford Brook’s lectures on DGR’s poetry (ADC 16:2).

April WMR buys the lease of St Edmund’s Terrace from his children (SR 529). 22 (Tue)–12 June WMR and Helen visit Olive and Antonio in Rome. He visits many art galleries, churches and Roman sites, and calls on WJS and BLS (ADC 16:2). June 12 18

July 2

23

(Thur) WMR reads Hueffer’s literary biography of DGR: ‘It may be counted well done, but I don’t exactly like it’ (ADC 16:2). WMR receives news from his insurance ofﬁce, Scottish Provident, that his two policies amounting to £3900 have now risen to £5396 10s 0d (ADC 16:2). (Wed) WMR is invited to a private view of the works of DGR at Leighton House but declines because he does not want to put himself ‘on view’ (ADC 16:2). WMR attends the opening of the Japanese Exhibition at Whitechapel Art Gallery, for which WMR and Helen lend objects (ADC 16:2).

424 A Rossetti Family Chronology

August Richard Muther’s ‘Rossetti, Burne-Jones, und Watts’, Neue Deutsche Rundschau (pp. 859–81). 2 (Sat) WMR is still getting callers asking for assistance and ﬁnancial help. Today someone professing to be the great-grandson of the painter George Romney calls and WMR gives him clothes and ﬁve shillings (ADC 16:2). 6–13 WMR goes to Smedley’s Hydropathic, Matlock, with Helen. They make an excursion to Darley Church to see the early EBJ stained glass (ADC 16:2). 19 WMR sells to Cockerell, for an American agent, some DGR items, including a copy of his privately printed poems, for £80 5s 0d. WMR doesn’t want ‘Dennis Shand’ to be published and so stipulates that it is to be bought by a private purchaser (ADC 16:2; Peattie 629–30). September Mary Bradford Whiting examines the inﬂuence of Dante on DGR in ‘Beata Beatrix’, Temple Bar (pp. 270–82). 13 (Sat) WMR offers Cockerell 157 DGR letters for £229 10s 0d (Peattie 631). 17 WMR decides to break up the marriage settlement made for LMB between himself and the children, and on 22 September agrees to the terms for ending the trusteeship (ADC 16:2). October Dora Rossetti gives birth to a boy, Geoffrey William (SR 455). 24 (Fri) 3 St Edmund’s Terrace having been valued at £450, Helen assents to WMR buying it (ADC 16:2). November 7 (Fri) WMR receives from the accountant Fraser the preliminary statement regarding the trust funds and accounts: 1 each of the children are entitled to £1357 8s 4 2 d (ADC 16:2). December The ﬁrst part of WMR’s ‘Bibliography of the Works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti’ published in Bibliographer (pp. 420–30).

1903 425

1903 CGR Publication Redeeming the Time: Daily Musings for Lent from the Works of Christina G. Rossetti (SPCK). Criticism includes Edmund Gosse, ‘Christina Rossetti’, in Critical Kit-Kats. DGR Publication Mosher of Portland, Maine, publishes DGR’s B&S with additional poems, a change in the sequence of HL sonnets and Pater’s essay on DGR. WMR Olive and Helen publish, under the pseudonym Isabel Meredith, A Girl Among the Anarchists (Thirlwell 319). Publications include (ed.) Rossetti Papers 1862–1870; (ed. with A. O. Prickard) The Adonais of Shelley. January The second part of WMR’s ‘Bibliography of the Works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti’ published in the Bibliographer (pp. 34–44). March 23

(Mon) Wise buys some minor DGR manuscripts for about £40. WMR refuses Wise’s request to buy the ‘The White Ship’ manuscript. Macmillan now agree to the complete edition of CGR’s poems that WMR had prepared in 1898–99 (ADC 16:2; Peattie 636–7).

April W. R. Prideaux, ‘Additions to the Bibliography of the Works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, Bibliographer (pp. 243–7). May WMR, ‘Dante Rossetti and Elizabeth Siddal’, Burlington Magazine (pp. 273–95). 4 (Mon)–7 WMR in Scotland to see pictures from the Marquis of Bute estate at Mount Stewart, Isle of Bute, and in Dumfries House, Ayrshire (ADC 16:2). 25 At Rathborne’s invitation, WMR visits the Art and Industrial Exhibition, Albert Hall. He learns that DGR’s

426 A Rossetti Family Chronology

Veronica Veronese was sold the previous Saturday at Christie’s for £3990 to Agnews (ADC 16:2). June 10

July 3

19

(Wed) WMR at Cardiff Castle to see the last set of pictures left by the Marquis of Bute (ADC 16:2).

(Fri) Macmillan inform WMR that SPCK agree to the publication of CGR’s Verses in WMR’s PWCGR for £100 (WMR will share the cost equally with Macmillan) (ADC 16:2; Peattie 636–8). ‘I much regret to see in the paper the death of Whistler. I was highly intimate with him between about 1862 & 1872; &, spite of his rather volcanic temperament, he & I were always on the easiest & pleasantest terms’ (ADC 16:2).

August WMR takes Mary on a holiday on a steamship to Orkney (Thirlwell 319). October 30

(Fri) Strange from the V&A calls on WMR to see his Japanese things. He wants to know if a prevalent rumour is true that DGR’s artistic style was modiﬁed by Japanese inﬂuence; WMR strongly rejects this as untrue (ADC 16:2).

November Elizabeth Luther Cary, ‘Rossetti as an Illustrator’, Lamp [Bookbuyer] (pp. 321–8). 14 (Sun) Ellis & Elvey write to WMR that the illustrated Vita Nuova has been successful and they will proceed to publish his illustrated poems. They also propose a shilling edition of Vita Nuova ‘to cut out other cheap editions wh. might appear now that the copyright is expiring’. WMR agrees (ADC 16:2). 16 Ford Hueffer brings Joseph Conrad to meet WMR for the afternoon. Hueffer takes away the proofs of PWCGR so he can write about it as soon as possible (ADC 16:2). 21 WMR, Helen and Mary visit the Indian and Oriental Museum (ADC 16:2). 30–17 Dec WMR in Italy (ADC 16:2).

1903–1904 427

December 10 (Thu) Helen, who had been up to this point a miniature painter and WMR’s housekeeper, marries a young Florentine, Gastone Angeli, in a civil ceremony in Naples. They move to Cairo where Angeli is employed in the Italian Chamber of Commerce (ADC 16:2; SR 456). 29 WMR resigns as Professional Assistant for the Valuation of Pictures for Estate Duty purposes (ADC 18:8, 16:2).

1904 CGR Publications (WMR ed.) PWCGR (which includes his memoir of CGR). Reviews of PWCGR assess CGR’s poetry and legacy, in Church Quarterly Review (vol. 59, pp. 58–75), Spectator (vol. 93, pp. 51–2), TLS (No. 117, pp. 105–6), Bookman (London; vol. 26, pp. 31), Fortnightly (ns vol. 75, pp. 393–405). DGR Publications (WMR ed.) The Poems of Dante Gabriel Rossetti with Illustrations from his own Pictures and Designs, 2 vols. Criticism/reviews include HTD, Recollections of Dante Gabriel Rossetti and His Circle (Cheyne Walk Life); Arthur C. Benson, Rossetti; VCP ‘The Oxford Circle: Rossetti, Burne-Jones and William Morris: A Chapter from a Painter’s Reminiscences’ and ‘Dante Gabriel Rossetti: A Chapter from a Painter’s Reminiscences’, Magazine of Art (ns vol. 2, pp. 167–72, 281–6); Guy Rutledge, ‘Some Notes on the Life and Work of Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, Liverpool Philomathic Society Proceedings (vol. 50, pp. cxi–cxxxix). January Publication of WMR’s edition PWCGR. 17 (Sun)–19 WMR views the pictures of Manley Foster’s estate in Liverpool and Waterloo, which include DGR’s Sweet Tooth (S.123) (Aggie) (ADC 16:2). February 2 (Tue) WMR receives a pamphlet of translations of poems into Japanese by Yumei Katahara, which include poems by CGR and DGR, and some woodcuts in an exaggerated DGR style (ADC 16:2).

428 A Rossetti Family Chronology

March 15

April 22

24

June 2

9 July 1

11 18

(Tue) WMR ﬁnishes re-ordering his portfolios of drawings and photographs and ﬁnds he has 7738. Wise calls and buys CGR’s manuscript of P for £50 (ADC 16:2).

(Fri) WMR goes to the Fine Art Society to see WHH’s new and enlarged Light of the World, which WMR declares a ‘really a ﬁne thing’ (ADC 16:2). Mary and WMR attend the ‘demonstration’ in memory of GR in Highgate Cemetery, where a medallion is placed on the tomb (ADC 16:2).

(Thu) WMR and Mary attend a performance of CGR’s P at the Albert Hall in support of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children: ‘It was a decided success’ (ADC 16:2). WMR and Mary attend the Italian Exhibition at Earl’s Court (ADC 16:2). (Fri) WMR reads for the ﬁrst time Whistler’s Gentle Art of Making Enemies, and thinks Whistler mostly right in his controversies (ADC 16:2). Mary diagnosed with chronic rheumatism (ADC 16:2). Death of Helen’s husband Gastone Angeli, while Helen is heavily pregnant (ADC 16:2).

August Romualdo Pàntini, ‘La “Casa di Vita” di Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, L’Italia Moderna (pp. 27–38). 5 (Fri) WMR sends subscription of £30 for the projected monument in Vasto to GR (ADC 16:2). 13 WMR writes to Macmillan proposing a new edition of CGR’s best poetry as well as a volume of her narrative poems. On 16 August Macmillan agree to bring out a Golden Treasury edition of her best works (ADC 16:2; Peattie 640). September 15 (Thu) WMR receives a telegram to say that Helen has had a girl, Imogene Lucy (ADC 16:2).

1904–1905 429

28

October 26

Prompted by Thomas Wise, WMR starts to note down on the ﬂyleaves of his books their provenance and donors, with a view to their future value (ADC 16:2).

(Wed) Mary and Antonio accompany WMR to visit ACS and TWD for the afternoon. ACS reads them his ‘Hymn to Proserpine’ (ADC 16:2).

November 6 (Sun) WMR presents to Sydney Cockerell as a gift ‘an old relic of Gabriel’: volume 1 of EBB’s Poems (1844) that DGR and WMR ‘used to read constantly from about /46 onwards. It contains a few pencilings by G. – Vol. 2 is not extant’ (ADC 16:2). 11 WMR and Mary leave for Rome to visit Olive, Helen and the baby (ADC 16:2) 15 Death of Henrietta Rintoul; on the 25 November, presumably when the news reaches him, WMR simply writes in his diary ‘H.R.–’ (Thirlwell 217; ADC 16:2). December Paul Elmer More, ‘Christina Rossetti’, Atlantic Monthly (pp. 815–21). 10 (Sat) W. R. Prideaux, ‘Rossetti Bibliography’, Notes and Queries (pp. 464–5).

1905 CGR Biography/acclaim includes Stuart J. Reid, ‘In Memory of Christina Rossetti’, Sunday Magazine (vol. 34, pp. 859–60); William Watson’s memorial poem ‘To Christina Rossetti’ appears in his Poems. DGR Publications The Bibliophile Society brings out Hartmann von Aue. Henry the Leper (Der Arme Heinrich), paraphrased by DGR with an introduction by William P. Trent. Criticism includes Jarno Jessen (Anna Michaelson) brings out a book on DGR in the Kunstler-Monographien series (no. 77); WHH, Pre-Raphaelitism and the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. WMR still in Rome at start of year. On 1 February he goes with Mary to Naples, intending to travel onwards to Algiers, but does not feel well

430 A Rossetti Family Chronology

enough to travel. They return to Rome and then WMR proceeds to London (leaving Mary in Rome receiving treatment for arthritis), arriving 8 February (WMR Diary, ADC 16:2). WMR revises his earlier Encyclopaedia Britannica articles for the forthcoming new edition (SR 473). Publications Bibliography of the Works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti. February 8 (Wed) WMR returns to London. Helen (with the baby) eventually decides to live with him at 3 St Edmund’s Terrace (Thirlwell 321–2). March Emma L. Hellings, ‘Rossetti’s Treatment of Love’, Poet Lore (pp. 76–9). 14 (Tue) WMR ﬁnishes looking over his Democratic Sonnets, which he had begun in Rome, with a view to publication. He decides to publish 57 of them (ADC 16:2). 28 WMR attends the Whistler Memorial Exhibition at the New Gallery, Regent Street (ADC 16:2). May 22

30

(Mon) WMR returns his income tax form: his earnings are less than usual: £266 7s 7d, out of which only £2 18s 6d is earned from his writings. His average for the last three years is £291 2s 11d (ADC 16:2). WMR views WHH’s Lady of Shalott at Arthur Tooth & Sons’ Gallery (ADC 16:2).

September Zaira Vitale, ‘Le Modelle di D. G. Rossetti’, Revista d’Italia (pp. 448–59). 25 (Mon) WMR is 75. He notes in his diary that he ‘Must be not very far from my ﬁnale’. He is suffering from increasing deafness (ADC 16:2). 29 Macmillan publishers send WMR an account for CGR’s books up to 30 June: amount payable to WMR is £177 5s 10d (ADC 16:2). November Yone Noguchi, ‘With Rossetti in London’, National Magazine (pp. 157–60). 14 (Tue) WMR is bequeathed by Gill LMB’s watercolour of Broadstairs (ADC 16:2).

1905–1906 431

28

WMR begins to try to ﬁx dates to DGR’s published writings: ‘a work wh. I ﬁnd interesting tho’ to some extent tedious’ (ADC 16:2).

December 6 (Wed) WHH writes ‘a friendly letter’ to WMR about PreRaphaelitism and the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, saying that it confutes many of WMR’s published statements, but does not question WMR’s good faith in making them. WMR replies to WHH on 13 December that he might insert his rejoinder to his comments in his next book: ‘Don’t at all want to do this if it can be helped.’ In a letter to FGS on 19 December WMR admits there are things he disagrees with in WHH’s book, but that he does not wish ‘to enter into an angry controversy with him’. FJS, suffering from heart disease, is upset at the negative comments about him (ADC 16:2; Peattie 645–6).

1906 CGR Publication Goblin Market, illustrated by Dion Clayton Calthorp; reprint of 1847 Verses by Eragny Press (Kooistra 307). Criticism/biography A. J. Green Armytage’s Maids of Honour includes a chapter on CGR; L. Felix-Faure Goyau, ‘La Nostalgie d’une Conscience Exilée, Christina Rossetti’, in Vers la Joie; Georges Grappe includes a chapter on CGR in Essai sur la Poésie Anglaise au XIXe Siècle. DGR Publication Dante Gabriel Rossetti: Classiﬁed Lists of His Writings with the Dates. Criticism includes Helen Rossetti Angeli, Dante Gabriele Rossetti (Collezione di monograﬁe illustrate: Artisti moderni, no. 1); Elbert Hubbard, Little Journeys to the Homes of Famous Lovers: Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Elizabeth Siddal; Charles M. Dupouey, Notes sur l’art et la vie de D. G. Rossetti. WMR Publications include Some Reminiscences, 2 vols. January 9

(Tue) WMR receives from Ellis £56 11s 5d for the last-half year for DGR’s books (WMR Diary, ADC 16:2).

432 A Rossetti Family Chronology

19

30

March 6

April 14 24

WMR lunches at the Holman Hunts and stays for over 5 hours. He has not seen WHH since early 1894. The afternoon is very cordial and gossipy (ADC 16:2). WMR sees the exhibition of Old Masters at the RA. One room is ﬁlled with Pre-Raphaelite works (ADC 16:2).

(Tue) WMR reads in a newspaper that a commemorative plaque has been placed by the county council to mark DGR’s birth place, now called 110 Hallam St. WMR goes to see it (ADC 16:2).

(Sat) R. L. Tyrrell, ‘A Literary Causerie: The Growth of a Poem’ (on ‘Blessed Damozel’), Academy (pp. 356–8). Charlotte, WMR’s servant for 46 years, retires. She receives a pension (provided for by LMB’s will) and WMR buys her a talking parrot as a parting gift (ADC 16:2).

May Olive Rossetti-Agresti, ‘Cristina Giorgina Rossetti’, Nuova Antologia (pp. 37–52). 24 (Thu) WMR completes his income tax return: £337 18s 1d and an average of £311 5s 3d for the last three years (ADC 16:2). June Elizabeth Luther Cary, ‘A Rossetti Model’, Scrip. Notes on Art (pp. 286–8). 12 (Tue) WMR begins to write down unpublished miscellaneous anecdotes about CGR and DGR (ADC 16:2). August 2 October 6

10

(Thu) WMR visits DGR’s grave (ADC 16:2).

(Sat) WMR and Mary attend a private view of WHH’s exhibition at Leicester Gallery: ‘an impressive show’ (ADC 16:2). Arthur and Dora have a daughter, Lucy Margaret (ADC 16:2).

1907 433

1907 CGR Criticism includes Mary Ignatia Breme, Christina Rossetti und der Einﬂuss der Bibel auf Ihre Dichtung; George Saintsbury’s Short History of English Literature discusses CGR; Arthur Symons has a chapter on CGR in Alfred H. Miles (ed.), The Poets and the Poetry of the Nineteenth Century. WMR Publication includes Democratic Sonnets, 2 vols. January 2

(Wed) WMR lunches with Edmund Lacon Watson at the Granville Club (publisher of Some Reminiscences). Watson proposes several new volumes for WMR to work on: an edition of CGR’s letters, Polidori’s diary in full and stereotyped edition of SR. WMR begins work on the ﬁrst two projects (WMR Diary, ADC 16:2).

March W. Bertrand Stevens, ‘Ecce Ancilla Domini (Behold the Handmaiden of the Lord)’, Chautauquan (pp. 103–4). May 27

June 20 21

July 4

August 5

(Mon) WMR makes out his income tax return: £356 19s 10d for 1907–8; the three-year average is £320 6s 2d (ADC 16:2).

(Thu) WMR, Helen and Mary visit the Red House, Upton, by invitation of the current owners (ADC 16:2). Watson requests that WMR turn FLCGR into a ‘Life & Letters’ book, but WMR refuses to write another memoir of CGR (ADC 16:2).

(Thu) WMR and Helen attend the Garibaldi centenary celebrations at Stafford House (ADC 16:2).

(Mon)–7 WMR stays with the Hunts in their country house (ADC 16:2; Peattie 664).

434 A Rossetti Family Chronology

27

WMR writes to WHH to congratulate him on the passing of the Deceased Wife’s Sister Bill, which he campaigned for (ADC 16:2; Peattie 664).

September 3 (Tue) WMR now begins to study Dante’s Vita Nuova (ADC 16:2). 14–10 October WMR, Helen and Imogene leave for San Remo. Olive joins them on 2 October (ADC 16:3). 25 (WMR’s birthday) WMR has his photograph taken by LMB’s tomb in San Remo (ADC 16:3). October Frederic Lawrence, ‘The Romanticists around Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, London Quarterly Review (pp. 269–82). 24 (Thu) WMR begins to label items of his furniture that are of interest and value (ADC 16:3). November 23 (Sat) Dr James Murray, of the Oxford English Dictionary, consults WMR about the entries that relate to Pre-Raphaelitism (ADC 16:3).

1908 CGR Publications (WMR ed.) Family Letters of Christina Rossetti; The Prince’s Progress and Other Poems, illustrated by May Sandheim (Kooistra 306). Criticism/biography include ‘Christina Rossetti, 1830–1894’, Book News Monthly (Philadelphia) (vol. 26, pp. 369–72); T. de Wyzewa, ‘Une Femme-Poète Anglaise: Christina Rossetti’, Revue des Deux Mondes (vol. 48, pp. 922–33). DGR Criticism includes Comyns Carr, Some Eminent Victorians: Personal Recollections in the World of Art and Letters, has a chapter on DGR; Stopford A. Brooke, A Study of Clough, Arnold, Rossetti and Morris. January 10

(Fri) WMR receives his half-yearly payment from Ellis of DGR royalties: £64 17s 6d (ADC 16:3).

1908 435

15

A young photographer, G. Porter Higgins, calls on WMR to ask for help in promoting his work. WMR likes his style, which reminds him of Julia Margaret Cameron, and he agrees to give Higgins a sitting. To his great surprise, he ﬁnds that Higgins’s grandmother is Mrs Clara Wheeler, the sister of EES: ‘I will do what I ﬁnd manageable for him.’ WMR calls with Helen and Imogene at his studio on 24 February to have photographs taken (ADC 16:3).

February 5 (Wed) WMR’s bank balance stands at over £2000 and he arranges to invest £1040 17s 1d in Burma Railway Shares (ADC 16:3). 6 WMR visits the Zoological Gardens and particularly admires the tigers (ADC 16:3). 29 WMR attends a lecture at the Royal Institution on Florentine Art (ADC 16:3). April 7

(Tue) James Siddal calls on WMR, who offers to increase his allowance to £25 p/a (ADC 16:3). 10 April–1 May WMR visits Mary in Freiburg (ADC 16:3). May André Fontainas, ‘Dante Gabriel Rossetti le poète’, Mercure de France (pp. 193–211) (includes translations of ‘The Blessed Damozel’ and four sonnets); Robert Ross, ‘Art in America. Rossetti: An Observation’, Burlington Magazine (pp. 116–23). 6 (Wed) Helen discovers in a cupboard some canvasses with work begun by LMB, DGR and HTD, that WMR had forgotten about (ADC 16:3). June 13

July 28

(Sat) WMR goes for a drive in a motorcar for the ﬁrst time (ADC 16:3).

(Tue)–2 August WMR in Margate to recover from the whooping cough. On 16 August he relocates to Sandgate until 5 September (ADC 16:3).

436 A Rossetti Family Chronology

August 24

(Mon) WMR agrees to Ellis’s proposal for a new edition of DGR’s Poets before Dante (ADC 16:3).

September 16 (Wed) Mary and Mabel Robinson call on WMR (ADC 16:3) 30 WMR writes to ACS full of praise for his Age of Shakespeare (Peattie 665). October 6 8 29

(Tue) WMR visits ACS for the last time (ADC 16:3). Mary and Olive leave for Italy and then Egypt, for Mary’s health (ADC 16:3). WMR and Helen attend the Franco-British Exhibition (ADC 16:3).

December 6 (Sun) WMR completes a new inventory of his works of art: 663 items worth £2589 15s 0d (ADC 16:3). 25 WMR spends Christmas with Arthur’s family (ADC 16:3).

1909 CGR Publication ?Goblin Market, illustrated by Willy Pogány (Kooistra 305). DGR Criticism includes Kurt Horn, Zur Entstehungsgeschichte von Dante Gabriel Rossettis Dichtungen; Gabriel Mouray, Dante Gabriel Rossetti et les Préraphaélites anglais; Arthur Symons, Dante Gabriel Rossetti. January TWD, ‘Rossettiana: A Glimpse of Rossetti and Morris at Kelmscott’, English Review (pp. 323–32); Meredith, ‘A Note on Cheyne Walk’, English Review (p. 333). 20 (Wed) WMR revises his will (ADC 16:3). 25 William Rothenstein calls to paint a portrait of WMR – a lifesize head, which he completes in a day: ‘It seems to be a ﬁne likeness, with a more energetic expression than other recent versions.’ This is the last major portrait of WMR (ADC 16:3; Thirlwell 41).

1909 437

February 19 (Fri) Birth of Harold, Arthur and Dora’s child (ADC 16:3). April 10

May 8 27

June 24

July 15

August 19

(Sat) Death of ACS, ‘a great grief’ to WMR: ‘I looked, & so did Helen, at dear glorious S’s dead body: he looks singularly digniﬁed & noble.’ Helen, ‘an ardent Swinburnian’, attends the funeral on 15 April in place of WMR (ADC 16:3).

(Sat) WMR completes his income tax return for 1908–9: £1899 15s 5d (ADC 16:3). WMR’s two insurances with Scottish Provident for £3900 have been increased by bonuses to £5806 (ADC 16:3).

(Thu) WMR sees the FMB exhibition at Leicester Galleries, which WMR fears will not enhance FMB’s reputation (ADC 16:3).

(Thu) WMR attends the Tennyson Exhibition at the Fine Art Society (ADC 16:3).

(Thu) WMR calls on Mabel Robinson and meets Bram Stoker (ADC 16:3).

September 12 (Sun) WMR writes to the Italian Ambassador declining the opportunity to receive some mark of distinction from Italy (ADC 18:8, 16:3; Peattie 669). 25 WMR’s eightieth birthday (ADC 16:3). October WMR, ‘Dante Gabriel Rossetti as Translator – Two Letters’, Sewanee Review (pp. 405–8). 21 (Thu) WMR learns that the director of the Ufﬁzi Gallery wants a portrait of DGR and, on 9 November, he offers the portrait of DGR by HTD, which the gallery accepts (ADC 16:3). 25 C. A. Wheeler, nephew of EES, calls on WMR by appointment to see works by and relating to her (ADC 16:3).

438 A Rossetti Family Chronology

December 31 (Fri) As usual, WMR attends Rowley’s annual lunch at the National Liberal Club. He is introduced to Laurence Binyon and they discuss Japanese art (ADC 16:3).

1910 CGR Publication Goblin Market and Other Poems, illustrated by Alice Ross (Kooistra 305). Criticism includes Alice Meynell, ‘Introduction’, in Poems by Christina Rossetti, illustrated by Florence Harrison; Edward Mortimer analyses CGR’s mysticism in ‘The Doubters and the Mystics’, English Literature in Account with Religion, 1800–1900; George Saintsbury analyses the metre of ‘Goblin Market’ in A History of English Prosody; Hugh Walker discusses CGR’s religion in The Literature of the Victorian Era. DGR Reviews/criticism includes ACS’s A Record of a Friendship, describing his friendship with DGR and EES (privately printed by Thomas J. Wise); Samuel Levy Bensusan, The Charm of Rossetti. GR Publication La Vita Mia, ed. Domenico Ciampoli (Waller 302). WMR Publication includes Dante and his Convito, which WMR paid Elkin Matthews £40 for publishing (ADC 16:4). January 4

11 14

17

(Tue) WMR and Helen visit the Hunts. They speak about WHH’s heads of Lear, Martineau, Collins and Deverell (ADC 16:3). WMR receives the half-yearly royalties from Ellis of £36 14s 0d (ADC 16:3). WMR receives the half-yearly royalties on CGR’s books, £135 0s 6d. He comments: ‘The royalties from C. are always about double what I get from Gabriel’s books’ (ADC 16:3). General Election: WMR votes for the Liberal candidate. The Tory candidate wins the seat (ADC 16:3).

1910 439

February 1 (Tue) WMR ﬁnds he has the money now to publish his essay on Dante’s Convito with Elkin Matthews, and reopens negotiations (ADC 16:3). 16 WMR gives Colles DGR’s 1840 pen-and-ink drawing of ‘Earl de Warenne’ (November 1840). ‘I have now almost exhausted the drawings of his adult period’ (WMR Diary, ADC 16:4). May 4

7 28

(Wed) WMR makes out his Income Tax return for 1910–11, which totals £1913 1s 7d, including his pension, £220 9s 8d for copyrights and only £19 5s 1d from his own writings (mostly already tax deducted) (ADC 16:4). Death of Edward VII; WMR and Helen put on mourning (ADC 16:4). Mary returns from an extended stay abroad in Egypt and Italy. She is still unwell with arthritis (ADC 16:4).

July N. K. Foster, ‘A Word for Rossetti’, Poet Lore (pp. 322–9). September 8 (Thu) WMR: ‘I grieve to see that Holman Hunt is dead — my oldest surviving friend, & of late years again a very warm one’ (ADC 16:4). 12 Burial of WHH’s ashes in St Paul’s. WMR is a pall-bearer, along with Arthur Hughes (ADC 16:4). November 3 (Thu) WMR sells to Spencer, the bookseller of New Oxford Street, 20 ‘slight letters’ by DGR and some specimens of manuscript poetry etc. for £19 5s 0d (ADC 16:4). 5 Spencer buys further DGR manuscripts, including of sonnets, for £9 10s 0d. WMR now retains ‘only an extremely moderate number of such manuscripts, & shall be very chary of disposing of any other specimens’ (ADC 16:4). December 5 (Mon) Helen attends the banquet in honour of CGR at the Lyceum Club and gives a speech, along with Yeats (ADC 16:4).

440 A Rossetti Family Chronology

1911 CGR Publication Gifts and Graces: Thoughts from the Writings of Christina Rossetti (SPCK). Biography includes Mathilde Betham-Edwards, ‘Tea With Christina Rossetti’, in Friendly Faces of Three Nationalities. DGR Publication WMR (ed.), The Works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti (revised and enlarged edition with many previously unpublished poems, fragments and juvenilia including an early translation of 13 verses from the Roman de la Rose and DGR’s Songs of the Art Catholic). Criticism/reviews include Mary C. Byron, A Day with Dante Gabriel Rossetti; Charles Rowley’s Fifty Years of Work without Wages (chapter on ‘The Rossettis’); Richard Le Gallienne, The Loves of the Poets (chapter on DGR and EES); Herman Ulmer’s Dante Gabriel Rossettis Verstechnik; Alfred C. Fryer, The Religious Thoughts of Some of Our Poets (chapter on DGR). WMR Publication (ed.) The Diary of John William Polidori 1816. January 11

30

(Wed) Ellis sends last half-year proﬁts of DGR’s books: £32. With the copyright for the 1870 volume expiring in 1912, Ellis proposes a new and enlarged edition of DGR’s collected works. WMR agrees (ADC 16:4). WMR hears that only 5 copies of his Reminiscences are in stock and 64 of FLCGR. His Dante book has sold to the value of £13, but this has been swallowed up in printing expenses (ADC 16:4).

February 2 (Thu) James Siddal writes to WMR that his old age pension is not sufﬁcient, and WMR now decides to give him £12 p/a in quarterly instalments (ADC 16:4). March 3

(Fri) WMR visits TWD. They talk about ACS’s reputation. TWD ‘[s]ays that Gabriel, as a talker, was “enormously superior” to Tennyson, Browning, and Swinburne’. TWD had recently refused to let WMR print DGR’s poems in his possession in the forthcoming collected works (‘Jan Van Hunks’

1911–1912 441

and ‘The Question’) but WMR doesn’t put any pressure on him about it, although disappointed (ADC 16:4). March Ford Madox Hueffer, ‘Christina Rossetti’, Fortnightly Review (pp. 422–9). April 4

22

(Tue) WMR and Helen attend a performance of ACS’s Atalanta organised by the Poetry Society at the Lyceum Theatre (ADC 16:4). WMR submits his income tax return, totalling £1543 10s 8d (ADC 16:4).

June Hueffer, ‘D.G.R.’, and George E. Saintsbury, ‘The Poetry of Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, in London Bookman (pp. 113–20, 120–7). August Madeleine Cazamian, ‘Christina Rossetti’, Revue de Paris (pp. 575–89). 2 (Wed)–24 WMR and family take a holiday in Guernsey (ADC 16:4). October 8

(Sun) WMR accepts the terms offered by Ellis for the new DGR edition, although they are less than he should have liked (ADC 16:4).

December 7 (Thu) WMR admits that for the last ﬁve months his general health has declined (Peattie 671). 25 All WMR’s children are with him for Christmas Day, the ﬁrst time since 1901 (ADC 16:4).

1912 CGR Publication Goblin Market, illustrated by Margaret Tarrant; Goblin Market, illustrated by Florence Harrison (Kooistra 306). DGR Criticism includes Leonard Ashley Willoughby, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and German Literature (Taylorian Institute lecture).

442 A Rossetti Family Chronology

January Katherine Tynan, ‘Santa Christina’, supplement to the Bookman (pp. 185–90). 26 (Fri)–20 Oct Diary discontinued because WMR is ‘greatly indisposed to any exertion’ (ADC 16:4). April Six of DGR’s poems are translated into French by Marie-L. Des Garets in La Revue Hebdomadaire (pp. 212–21). Austin Chester, ‘The Art of Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, Windsor Magazine (pp. 571–86); Laurence Binyon, ‘Zeichnungen Dante Gabriel Rossettis’, Die graphischen Künste (pp. 15–20). May Anna Bunston de Barry, ‘The Poetry of Christina Rossetti’, Poetry Review (pp. 203–10). November 7 (Thu) WMR receives from the publisher Humpreys a copy of the reprint of DGR’s 1870 Poems. WMR inquires of Ellis whether he had a right to publish this under the new copyright laws (ADC 16:4). December 15 (Sun) Oxford University Press, who had recently declined to publish an edition of CGR’s poems because of copyright problems, now informs WMR that they intend to bring out an edition of DGR’s non-copyright works, including Vita Nuova. On Ellis’s advice, WMR on 17 December asks OUP for a £2 fee (ADC 16:4). 19 Wise calls for the ﬁrst time in two or three years and shows WMR some DGR manuscripts (ADC 16:4).

1913 CGR Criticism N. K. Venkatesan writes a series of articles on CGR for the Madras Educational Review (April, pp. 221–30; May, pp. 269–76; August, pp. 477–84; Sept., pp. 539–49).

1913–1916 443

February 5 (Thu) Sydney Cockerell tells WMR that DGR’s 1852 pencil portrait of him was recently sold at auction for £30. WMR doesn’t remember the picture (ADC 16:4; not in S or FRC). March 14 June 20

(Fri)–16 Last entry in WMR’s diary (ADC 16:4).

(Fri) WMR admits to Richard Curle: ‘I am in a very low condition’ (Peattie 671).

November Charles Lowether, ‘Christina Rossetti’, Contemporary Review (pp. 981–9).

1914 DGR Criticism/biography includes Harry B. Smith, ‘Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, in A Sentimental Library; Charles E. Vaughan, Bibliographies of Swinburne, Morris and Rossetti; J. Comyns Carr, ‘With Rossetti in Cheyne Walk’, in Coasting in Bohemia; Eduardo Taglialatela, Dante Gabriel Rossetti: Rosa Maria – La Nave Bianca – La Tragedia del Re – Dante a Verona. Studio e Versione. November 15 (Sun) WMR writes to Charles Elliot, ‘I retain unimpaired my love for Walt Whitman’ (Peattie 671).

1915 CGR Criticism includes Mason Eugene, in A Book of Preferences in Literature, compares CGR and Paul Verlaine; Arthur Waugh’s chapter on CGR, in Reticence in Literature, distinguishes her from the PRB.

1916 May 1

(Mon) Charles Aitken writes to WMR requesting that the National Gallery has ﬁrst option on purchasing any DGR works and watercolours by EES that come up for sale (ADC 19:1).

444 A Rossetti Family Chronology

1919 February 5 (Wed) WMR dies after a very short illness. His will (made in 1909), as promised to CGR, leaves the following bequests: £1000 to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts; £500 to All Saints Sisterhood, Margaret Street; £500 to Revd Charles Gutch of St Cyprian’s Church, Dorset Street, for parish charities (Thirlwell 346). WMR’s funeral is held on 8 February, and his ashes placed in the family grave in Highgate Cemetery, witnessed by his children, Edith Holman Hunt, Alice Rothenstein and two representatives from the Italian Embassy (Thirlwell 322).

Index Bold page references indicate an outline of multiple titles for the same work. With the artworks of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, bracketed numbers beginning with S (e.g., S.55) refer to the catalogue number in Surtees, A Catalogue Raisonné. For a list of abbreviations used in the index, please see page xiv. Abrey, E., 335, 338, 340 Acland, Henry Wentworth, 92, 106, 110 Adams, Francis W. L., 392 Adams, Robert Dudley, 311 Afghan Committee, 306 Agnew, Joan, 196 Agnews, see Thomas Agnew & Sons Agnew, T., 294, 355 Agnew, W., 355 Agresti, Antonio, 413, 416, 417, 422, 423, 429 Agresti, Olive, see Rossetti, Olivia Aguilar, Edward, 315, 318 Aguilar, Grace, 362 Aitken, Charles, 443 Albert, Prince, 141 Alcock, J. P., 340, 341, 347, 356, 359 Alcock, Rutherford, 148 Alger, William Rounseville, 330 Allen, George, 128; see also George Allen & Sons Allen, James, 309, 311 Allingham, William (WA), 44, 78, 82–7, 90, 92, 97, 99, 100, 106, 108, 119, 123, 124, 125, 128–9, 130, 131, 133, 135, 138, 150, 151, 158, 160, 163, 167, 169, 177, 214, 245, 274; The Ballad Book, 84, 169, 177; Day and Night Songs, 85; Music Master, 84, 92; Nightingale Valley, 119, 124–5 Allport, Roland, 411 All Saints Sisterhood of Mercy, 96, 126, 135, 147, 261, 262, 263, 264, 272, 275, 277, 281, 283, 284, 285,

286, 287, 303, 321, 330, 338, 367, 402, 444 All Saints Sisterhood of the Poor, 119 All Souls Church, 6, 7 American Exhibition of British Art, 51, 110, 113 Anderson, Charles, 88 Andrieu, Jules, 249, 355 Angeli, Gastone, 427, 428 Angeli, Helen Maria Rossetti, 144, 314, 347, 348, 358, 369, 371, 376, 396, 400, 408–12, 414–16, 418–20, 422–31, 433–8, 439, 441; literary works: Dante Gabriel Rossetti, 431; ‘The Life and Work of Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, 422 Angeli, Imogene Lucy, 428, 429, 430, 434, 435 Anster, John, 83 Anthony, Henry Mark, 81, 106, 170 Appleton, Charles E., 235, 237, 303 Armstrong, William, 261 Arnold, Matthew, 200 Artists’ Volunteer Riﬂe Corps, 124, 132 Arundel Club, 188 Arundel Society, 99, 100 Ashburton, Lady Louisa, see Baring, Louisa Caroline Attenborough, George, 302, 303 Austen, Jane, 229 Authors’ Syndicate, 421, 423 Aylott & Jones, 46, 55 Aytoun, William Edmonstoune, 86 Bailey, Philip, 292, 299 Baillie, Joanna, 125

445

446 Index Banting, William, 215 Baring, Louisa Caroline Mackenzie (Lady Ashburton), 155, 270 Baring, Mary Florence, 270 Barraud, Hilton Percy, 394, 400, 401, 415 Bateman, Edward Latrobe, 44, 65, 67, 78, 315 Bates, Edmund, 311, 312, 313, 315, 316, 317, 319, 321 Bath, Lady, see Thynne, Harriet Baudelaire, Charles, 169 Baynes, R. H., 170 Becker, Lydia Ernestine, 245 Bedford, Herbert, 382 Bellamy, G., 52, 54 Bell, Henry MacKenzie, 26, 397, 404, 405, 406, 407, 410, 412, 413, 414, 416 Bendyshe, Thomas, 199 Beresford, Louisa Anne (Marchioness of Waterford), 82, 93, 196, 213 Bernhard Tauchnitz, 260, 334 Binyon, Laurence, 438 Birchington-on-Sea, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 345, 351, 356, 357, 358, 395, 432 Birket Foster, Miles, 145, 199 Birmingham Art Gallery, 349, 386 Blackmore, William, 161, 163, 193 Blackwood, William, 227 Blake, William, 319; ‘The Rossetti Manuscript’, 32, 130, 138, 342; see also Gilchrist, Alexander Blanchard, Auguste, 249 Blanchard, Edward, 61 Blanchard, Sidney, 71 Blind, Karl, 233 Blind, Mathilde, 220, 238, 247, 295, 317, 326, 348 Blunt, Wilfrid H., 170 Bodichon, Barbara, see Leigh Smith, Barbara Bodichon, Eugene, 148, 149 Bodley, George Frederick, 104 Bolton, Sarah Knowles, 342, 361, 362 Bonaparte, Napoleon I, 3, 7, 152 Bonaparte, Napoleon III, 144–5, 257 Bonham, Edward Walter, 190

Bourget, Paul, 354, 378 Bowden, see Ward, Lock & Bowden Bowen, Charles, 110 Bowman, Sir William, 212, 217, 291 Boyce, George Price (GPB), 42, 71, 82, 83, 98, 99, 100, 107, 112, 114, 118, 122, 125, 129, 147, 148, 149, 151, 156, 157, 164, 171, 176, 180, 201, 214, 266, 274, 341 Boyce, Joanna Mary, see Wells, Joanna Mary Boyd, Alice (AB), 152, 190, 215, 219, 223, 229, 231, 232, 288, 338, 344, 388 Boyle, Eleanor Vere, 70, 81–2, 196, 213 Braila, Peter, 201 Brass, Lot, 252, 301, 356 Brayshay, William Hutton, 254, 266, 301 Brett, John, 104, 108, 114, 126, 127, 134, 157 Brett, Rosa, 134 Bright, Henry Arthur, 113 Bright, Jacob, 245 British Institution, 52, 134 British Museum, 31, 52, 74, 199, 201, 207, 255, 279, 314, 350 Bromley, Helen, 29, 367 Bromley, Lizzie, see Cooper, Lizzie Brontë, Emily, 210 Brookes, Warwick, 208 Brook, Stopford, 423 Brough, Robert Barnabas, 96, 128 Brown, Arthur Gabriel Madox, 101, 107, 108, 109 Brown, Catherine Madox (CMB), 88, 207, 217, 229, 253, 256, 348, 350, 367, 371, 396 Brown, Elisabeth Madox, 29 Brown, Emma Matilda (EMB), 72, 82, 87, 99, 100, 101, 188, 256, 275, 371, 384 Brown, Ford Madox (FMB), 29, 36–9, 42, 49–52, 58, 61–2, 64–5, 67–70, 72, 74, 81, 87–8, 93–4, 98, 100–4, 106–10, 112–14, 117–18, 121, 124, 135, 154, 165, 172, 177–8, 184–5, 187–8, 196, 199, 205–7,

Index 447 213, 215, 227, 236, 239, 246, 248, 250–1, 253–4, 256, 264, 266, 270, 273–4, 275, 281, 284, 293–4, 307, 335, 337–8, 340–2, 348, 351–2, 356–7, 363, 365, 373, 394, 396–8, 408, 437 artworks: Architecture, 165; Chaucer, 61; Christ Washing Peter’s Feet, 65, 101; Cordelia at the Bedside of Lear, 43; Cromwell on his Farm, 260; Cromwell Protector of the Vandois, 295; Geoffrey Chaucer Reading to Edward III and his Court, 61; Jacob and Joseph’s Coat, 190; Jacopo Foscari in Prison, 226; Last of England, 196; Seeds and Fruits of English Poetry, 58; Seraph’s Watch, 37; Work, 103 Browning, Elizabeth Barrett (EBB), 63, 94, 107, 127, 130, 137, 138, 210, 333, 342 literary works: Aurora Leigh, 104, 123, 130; Poems, 429; Poems before Congress, 127; ‘Romaunt of Margret’, 27, 38; ‘Sonnets from the Portuguese’, 335 Browning, Pen, 301 Browning, Robert (RB), 63, 94, 97, 99, 101, 102, 107, 113, 119, 123, 125, 129, 144, 171, 174, 183, 209, 220, 250, 301, 342, 380, 440 literary works: ‘Bishop Orders his Tomb at St Praxed’s Church’, 99; Blot in the ’Scutcheon, 42; Christmas Eve and Easter Day, 56; Colombe’s Birthday, 73; ‘Evelyn Hope’, 98; Fiﬁne at the Fair, 257; ‘Fra Lippo Lippi’, 94; Men and Women, 95; Paracelsus, 41; Pauline, 31, 33; ‘Pippa Passes’, 39; The Ring and the Book, 257; Sordello, 41, 127; ‘Two in the Campagna’, 98; ‘Waring’, 45 Brown, Lucy Madox (LMB), 19, 29, 52, 76, 98, 164, 180, 196, 203, 210, 217, 229, 234, 242, 249, 259, 260–3, 265–71, 273–8, 283,

285–7, 290–3, 308–9, 314, 321, 326, 328–9, 344, 347, 350–3, 355, 357–8, 361–3, 366, 368–9, 373–5, 379–80, 382, 384, 391, 394, 396–401, 424 artworks: Après le Bal, 226, 409; Broadstairs, 281, 310, 430; Charmouth, Dorset, 300, 310; The Dancing Faun, 225; The Duet, 226, 232, 233; The Fair Geraldine, 237, 244, 409; Female Nude, 126; Ferdinand and Miranda Playing Chess, 237; Lynmouth, 237; The Magic Mirror, 237, 244; Margaret Roper Rescuing the Head of her Father Sir Thomas More from London Bridge, 249, 256, 259; Melliker Farm, 29; Painting, 216; portraits, 245, 256, 308–9, 310, 317, 319, 347; Romeo and Juliet in the Tomb, 226, 238; Trees, 208; The Two Foscari, 226 literary works: ‘Ford Madox Brown’, 381; Ford Madox Brown, 397; Mrs. Shelley, 370, 381, 382, 384; ‘What am I, what is this I feel?’, 180 Brown, Oliver Madox (OMB), 196, 202, 207, 215, 217, 233, 234, 249, 268, 270, 271, 274, 344, 348; Gabriel Denver, 247, 249, 261, 263 Brucciani, Domenico, 341, 363 Bruce, Henry Austin, 98, 106, 119, 124, 139, 222, 223, 224, 265 Bryant, William Cullen, 125, 361, 388, 389, 400 Buchanan, Robert, 195, 215, 243, 244, 247, 248, 249, 251, 272, 282, 283, 284, 318, 325, 328, 342 Burcham, Robert Partridge, 79, 92 Burchett, Richard, 36, 178, 275 Burden, Robert, 104 Burgess, Sophy, 229 Burges, William, 104, 114, 126, 138, 215 Burlington Fine Arts Club, 198, 202, 206, 208, 345, 346, 347, 348

448 Index Burne-Jones, Edward (EBJ), 88, 96, 97, 100, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 113, 115, 123, 126, 128, 131, 135, 156, 187, 194, 215, 216, 220, 270, 274, 303, 327, 340, 341, 388, 393, 412, 415, 416, 424; ‘Essay on The Newcomes’, 97; Golden Stairs, 320 Burne-Jones, Georgiana (GBJ), 127, 128, 131, 135, 170, 215 Burne-Jones, Philip, 141 Burr, Margaretta, 99 Burrows, Anne, see Gilchrist, Anne Burrows, Edward, 391 Burrows, Henry William, 61, 186, 229, 266, 302, 336, 388, 391, 394 Burton, Frederic William, 197, 212 Burton, William Shakespeare, 113, 118, 189 Butler & Knight, 137, 166 Butterworth, George, 166, 172, 299 Butts, Frederick, 143, 155 Butts, Thomas, 143 Byron, Lord George Gordon Noel, 4, 219, 292 Cadogan, Earl, 145 Caine, Lily, 337, 338, 339 Caine, Thomas Henry Hall (THC), 299, 305, 306, 311, 313, 315, 317, 318, 321–2, 324, 328, 331, 333, 335, 339, 340, 341, 346 literary works: Curiosities of Criticism, 323; ‘Politics and Art’, 317, 318; Recollections of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, 343, 344; ‘Ruskin, Keats and Rossetti’, 319; Sonnets of Three Centuries (ed.), 336, 337, 339 Calder Campbell, Robert, 50, 52, 55 Cameron, Julia Margaret, 148, 180, 188, 190, 204 Campbell, James, 99, 107, 113 Campﬁeld, George, 119 Carlyle, Thomas, 61 Carmichael, Mary, 373 Carpenter, William, 145, 151 Carrick, John Mulcaster, 81 Carroll, Lewis, see Dodgson, Charles Lutwidge

Cary, Francis Stephen, 17 Cassell & Co., 382, 385 Cattermole, John, 162, 172 Catty, C. Parker, 224 Cayley, Arthur, 353, 354, 355 Cayley, Charles Bagot (CBC), 31, 52, 83, 85, 88, 98, 125, 126, 139, 151, 176, 186, 193, 199, 202, 207, 213, 225, 231, 236, 253, 288, 289, 290, 316, 334, 335, 347, 349, 353, 354, 355, 359 literary works: ‘Ad Sepulchrum’, 151, 152; ‘Amicizia’, 203; Dante’s Divine Comedy, 59, 63, 196; ‘Epode 2. With Queen Mab’, 197; Filippo Malicontri, or Student-Life in Venetia, 132, 150; The Iliad of Homer. Homometrically Translated, 170, 176, 177, 180, 195, 288; ‘Noli me tangere. / English Anapests’, 193; The Prometheus Bound of Aeschylus, 197; The Psalms in Metre (transl.), 125, 129; Psyche’s Interludes, 104; ‘The Purple of the West’, 152; The Sonnets and Stanzas of Petrarch, 304, 305, 307 Cayley, Henry, 236 Cayley, Sophie, 353 Central Committee for Women’s Suffrage, 245, 246 Chapman & Hall, 130 Chapman, George R., 150, 156, 168, 194 Chapman, George W., 215 Charles Whittingham & Co., 114, 330, 331 Chatterton, Thomas, 320, 321 Chatto, Andrew, 281 Chesneau, Ernest, 214, 273, 339 Christ Church (Albany St), 18, 20, 25, 42, 70, 83, 110, 163, 226 Christie, Manson & Woods, 114, 145, 160, 182, 201, 209, 267, 268, 348, 349, 366, 426 Clabburn, William Houghton, 149, 162 Clairmont, Claire, 260, 292, 295, 296, 300, 313

Index 449 Clarke, Reginald, 418 Clayton, John Richard, 27, 42, 70, 104, 114 Cleveland, Grover, 362 Clifton, J. T., 36 Cockerell, Sydney, 419, 429, 443 Cole, Lionel, 358 Coleridge, Edith, 371 Coleridge, Ernest Hartley, 362 Coleridge, Herbert, 89 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 158, 275, 289, 308, 320 Colles, William Morris, 14, 421, 439 Collins, Charles Allston, 58, 61, 80, 81, 107 Collinson, James, 35, 40, 41–2, 45, 46, 47, 49, 53, 56, 57, 71, 113, 326 Collinson, Mary, 46, 47, 328 Collinson, R., 347 Collins, Wilkie, 339 Colvin, Sidney, 207, 225, 246, 248, 254 Combe, Martha, 160 Combe, Thomas, 61, 64, 91, 117, 129 Compton, Lord Spencer, 61 Comyns Carr, Joseph, 255, 289 Conrad, Joseph, 426 Conway, Moncure Daniel, 154, 233, 275, 290 Cook, Keningale, 227, 295, 296, 303, 362 Cooper, Lizzie, 276, 278 Cooper, Samuel, 321 Corder, Rosa, 275 Cornforth, Fanny (Mrs Timothy Hughes; Mrs John Bernard Schott), 96, 112, 118, 121, 125, 128, 142, 149, 152, 153, 158, 168, 187, 189, 207, 209, 210, 249, 250, 254, 256, 261, 264, 266, 277, 283, 284, 290, 294, 300, 314, 333, 334, 335, 337, 343, 344, 349, 350, 351 Coronio, Aglaia, see Ionides, Aglaia Cottingham, Nockalls, 44 Courbet, Gustave, 169 Cowan, James Galloway, 88 Cowan, Theodora Esther, 411 Cowper-Temple, Georgiana (Lady Mount-Temple) (GCT), 172, 211,

263, 269, 284, 285, 286, 297, 301, 311, 375 Cowper-Temple, Juliet, 285, 371 Cowper-Temple, William Francis (Lord Mount-Temple) (WFCT), 172, 192, 269, 277, 278, 284, 285, 286, 294, 301, 311 Craig, Isa, 142, 151, 188, 189, 197 Craven, Frederick W., 169–70, 172, 173, 184, 198, 199, 203, 233, 269 Crawshay, Rose Mary, 216 Creswick, Thomas, 52, 89 Crimean War, 87, 89, 95 Crowe, Eyre, 118 Cruikshank, George, 189, 201 Cullwick, Hannah, 149 Cunningham, Allan, 306 Cyclographic Society, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 Dallas, Eneas Sweetland, 92, 99, 134, 173, 175 Dalrymple, Arthur, 190 Dalziel Brothers, 98, 103, 187, 239, 240, 242, 243, 248, 264, 276, 395, 422 Dalziel, Edward, 90 Dannreuther, Edward, 39 Dante Gabriel Rossetti Society, 342 Dante Society (London), 389 Darmesteter, Jacques, 362, 373 Darmesteter, James, 378 Davenport, Ira Erasmus, 171, 173 Davenport, William Henry, 171, 173 Davies, Emily, 163, 197 Davies, William, 142, 309, 316, 352, 393 Davis (printer), 328, 346 Davis, William, 103, 258, 393 de Buillaumet, Charles, 337 de Hirsch, Baron Maurice, 191 de Hirsch, Clara, 191 della Gattina, Fernando Petrucelli, 249 de Llanos, Fanny, 306 de Morgan, Augustus, 170 de Morgan, Sophia, 170 de Mortara, Rose, 14

450 Index Dennis, William, 36 Des Garets, Marie-L., 441 de Vere, Aubrey, 131 Deverell, Walter Howell, 17, 36, 50, 55, 56, 60, 61, 81, 82, 83, 193, 231; Twelfth Night, 50, 55, 71, 82, 205–6 Dickens, Charles, 15, 56, 150 Dickinson, Emily, 384 Dickinson, Lowes Cato, 85, 100, 103, 106, 124 Dickinson, Robert, 54, 55 Dilke, Charles, 310 Dixon, Richard Watson, 88, 96, 97, 104, 121, 274 Dixon, Thomas, 152, 208 Dodgson, Charles Lutwidge (Lewis Carroll), 159, 160, 166, 179, 182, 185, 192, 203, 353, 357, 362, 363, 368 Dodsworth, William, 11, 12, 20, 59 Donovan, Cornelius, 59–60, 125 D’Orsey, Sarah Anne, 246 Downey, see W & D Downey Doyle, Richard, 81 Dragonetti, Domenico, 13 Dudley Gallery, 200, 216, 217, 226, 237, 238, 256, 422 Dunlop, Walter, 165, 167, 173, 184 Dunn, Henry Treffry (HTD), 157, 197, 202, 207, 223, 230, 240, 252, 258, 264, 266, 276, 277, 280, 281, 284, 285, 293, 294, 295, 311, 313, 314, 317, 318, 331, 337, 338, 341, 342, 344, 346, 350, 352, 357, 359, 427, 437 Dyce, William, 85 Earle, Beatrice, 368 Eastlake, Sir Charles Locke, 29, 31, 85, 300 Eckley, Sophia May, 214, 218, 219 Edward, Amelia, 252 Edward Moxon & Co., 96–7, 100, 101, 107, 188, 214, 227, 237, 246, 249, 254, 256, 297, 307; see also Moxon, Edward Edwards, Amelia Blanford, 260, 298 Edwards, Henry Sutherland, 73

Edward VII, King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, 439 Egg, Augustus, 45, 113, 114 Eliot, George, 84, 216, 283, 362 Elliott & Fry, 201, 422 Ellis & Elvey, 374, 378, 381, 384, 386, 395, 414, 416, 417, 420, 421, 426, 431, 434, 436, 438, 440, 441, 442 Ellis & Scrutton, 366 Ellis & White, 338, 341, 343, 346, 351, 355, 361 Ellis, Frederick Startridge, 187, 215, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 243, 264, 301, 311, 364, 419 Ellis (publisher), 225, 227, 229, 230, 231, 233, 237–8, 324, 328, 330, 331, 334, 335; see also Ellis & Elvey; Ellis & Scrutton; Ellis & White; Ellis, F. S. English Picture Publishing Company, 280, 289 Epp, Ellen, 108 Epp, John, 108 Fairfax Murray, Charles (CFM), 187, 197, 216, 226, 228, 229, 236, 312, 317, 331, 357, 368, 380, 418, 422 Faithfull, Emily, 157 Fantin-Latour, Henri, 153, 162, 168–9 Faulkner & Linton, 145 Faulkner, Charles James, 109, 121, 135, 141, 270 Faulkner, Lucy, 171 Feilding, Col. Percy Robert Basil, 169, 193 Feilding, Lady Louisa, see Thynne, Lady Louisa Ferdinand I, King of the Two Sicilies, 4, 5 Fields, Annie Adams, 342, 370 Filopanti, Enrico, 183 Fine Art Society, 195, 320, 332, 352, 420, 428, 437 Folio Club, 81, 82, 86, 120 Ford, Ford Madox, see Hueffer, Ford Madox Ford, James, 169 Ford, Marie, 157, 172

Index 451 Forman, Henry Buxton, 15, 221, 222, 247, 306, 313, 325, 343 Forsyth, William, 152 Foster’s, see H. E. Foster Francis, John Deffett, 216 Franco-Prussian War, 234, 237 Franklin, Percy Faraday, 397 Fraser, Arthur Francis, 240 Free Exhibition, 43, 44, 55 Frere, John Hookham, 5, 6, 8, 14, 21 Frome day school, 72, 75, 76, 77, 79 Fry, Clarence E., 275, 278, 282, 283, 286, 288, 290, 291, 306, 347 Fry, Mrs Clarence E., 387 Furnivall, Frederick James, 89, 101, 134, 219, 238, 365 Gabriel, Mary Ann Virginia, 170 Gambart, Ernest, 82, 110, 114, 129, 137, 138, 144, 156, 165, 172, 178, 185, 195, 196, 203, 206, 245, 249 Gamberale, Luigi, 299, 325 Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 165, 198 Garnett, Richard, 89, 120, 129, 216, 308, 350 Garrett, Mary, 352 Garrick Club, 175, 178 Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn, 121, 122, 133, 141 Gaskell, Lady Catherine, 311 Gautlier, Bon, 58 Gemmer, Caroline (CG), 35, 125, 177, 255, 257, 310, 315, 338, 339, 413 George Allen & Sons, 421 The Germ, 45, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 62, 77, 88, 97, 350, 351 Gilchrist, Alexander (AG), 130, 135, 136, 138, 139, 140, 141; The Life of William Blake, 136, 138, 142, 143, 153, 155, 158, 159, 160, 163, 190, 317, 319 Gilchrist, Anne Burrows (ABG), 143, 153, 155, 157, 169, 171, 204, 218, 220, 317, 319, 364 Gilchrist, Herbert Harlakenden, 341, 363, 370, 421 Gillum, William, 113, 125, 126, 130, 164

Gilman, Daniel C., 246 Girton College, 246 Glyn, Isabella Dallas, 53, 57, 123 Goodwin, Albert, 207 Gosse, Edmund, 145, 225, 240, 255, 258, 263, 284, 345, 349, 352, 355, 394 Governesses’ Benevolent Institution, 353, 359 Graham, Amy, 265 Graham, Edward Fergus, 24 Graham, John, 372 Graham, William, 172, 207, 209, 210, 211, 216, 223, 224, 226, 229, 237, 245, 250, 251, 252, 256, 260, 261, 263, 264, 266, 267, 278, 281, 283, 288, 298, 299, 301, 314, 318, 324, 325, 326, 330, 340, 341, 366 Graham, Willie, 226 Green, Nathaniel Everett, 36 Greenwell, Dora (DG), 153, 159, 161, 199, 210, 275, 276 Grosart, A. B., 280 Grosvenor Gallery, 280, 289, 291, 293, 301, 309, 324, 327 Grove, George, 323 Gull, William Withey, 212 Guppy, Elisabeth, 210 Gurney, Alfred, 350, 353–4, 359 Gurney, Russell, 166 Gutch, Charles, 402, 444 Haden, Francis Seymour, 202 Haines, William, 157 Hake, Edmund, 261, 266, 279 Hake, George Gordon (GGH), 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 258, 260, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 284, 289–90, 291, 363; literary works: The Mermaid’s Wedding, 278; ‘Robinson Crusoe’s Dog’, 283; ‘Tarquin’, 283 Hake, Henry, 352 Hake, Rose, 404, 405 Hake, Thomas Gordon (TGH), 223, 232, 250, 251, 252, 259, 275, 283, 290; literary works: Legends of the Morrow, 306; Madeline and Other Poems and Parables, 237;

452 Index Hake, Thomas Gordon (TGH) – continued New Symbols, 275, 279; On the Powers of the Alphabet, 349; Parables and Tales, 253, 258; Vates, or the Philosophy of Madness, 22 Hake, Ursula Christina, 363, 383 Hallam, Arthur, 92 Hallé, Charles Edward, 289, 301 Halliday, Michael Frederick, 81, 92 Hamerton, Philip G., 165 Hancock, John, 30, 36, 38, 45 Hannay, James, 58, 62, 69, 70, 77, 78, 80, 85, 88, 99, 168, 265 Hannay, Margaret, 69, 98 Hardinge, William Money, 378, 386, 422 Harding v. Baxendale, 254 Harmsworth, 421 Harris (doctor), 340, 341 Harrison, Annie, 114 Harrison, Connie, 343 Hastings of Silsden House, 155 Hatch, Edwin, 110 Hawtrey, Wilfred John, 285 Haydon, Benjamin Robert, 319 Haydon, Mary, 134 Haydon, Samuel J. B., 274, 335 Hayward, Ann, 199 Heaton & Brayshay, 258 Heaton, Ellen (EH), 90, 95, 98, 99, 101, 117, 141, 148, 157, 159, 161, 166, 168, 172, 208, 211, 302, 311 Heaton, John Aldam (JAH), 135, 139, 227, 264, 271, 300, 341 Heaton, Mary Margaret, 139, 306 Hedderly (photographer), 346, 361 H. E. Foster, 401, 402 Heimann, Adolf, 16, 75, 109, 146, 151, 158, 186, 200, 269 Heimann, Amelia Barnard (ABH), 18, 108, 111, 123, 135, 146, 151, 165, 167, 174, 186, 285, 288, 327, 373 Heimann, Charles, 168 Heimann, Golde, 151, 198, 242 Heimann, Henrietta, 151, 198, 295 Hemans, Felicia, 125

Heraud, John Abraham, 52 Herbert, John Rogers, 36, 47 Herbert, Louisa Ruth, 98, 111, 114, 115, 132, 323 Hervey, Thomas Kibble, 53 Heugh, John, 163, 173, 184, 260 Hiffernan, Joanna, 150, 188 Higgins, G. Porter, 435 Highgate Cemetery, 84, 144, 347, 356, 367, 371, 382, 428, 444 Highgate Penitentiary for Fallen Women, 105, 118–19, 128, 139, 140, 142, 329, 388 Hill, George Birkbeck, 110, 411 Hilliard, Mary Constance, 196 Hodge-Podge, 18, 19, 20–1 Hogarth Club, 113–14, 116, 117, 118, 120, 121, 124–5, 126, 134, 141 Hogarth, William, 87 Hogg, Jane, 247 Hogg, J. Farrell, 105, 110, 134, 138 Holding, Henry James, 254 Holiday, Henry, 114 Holman Hunt, Edith, 432, 444 Holman Hunt, William (WHH), 31, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 49, 50, 58, 61, 65, 67, 70, 71, 72, 73, 78, 79, 81, 82, 85, 87, 89, 90–1, 92, 97, 100, 104, 106, 107, 116–17, 134, 141, 196, 212, 266, 313, 319, 339, 373, 432, 434, 439 artworks: The Afterglow of Egypt, 135; Claudio and Isabella, 77; A Converted British Family, 50, 55; The Eve of St Agnes, 35; Finding of the Saviour in the Temple, 135; Flight into Egypt, 319; The Hireling Shepherd, 67; Lady of Shalott, 430; Light of the World, 67, 79, 428; The Miracle of the Holy Fire in the Church of the Sepulchre at Jerusalem, 418; Our English Coast, 77; Porphyro and Madeleine Leaving the Castle, 71; Rienzi Vowing to Obtain Justice, 40; Shadow of Death, 258; Valentine Rescuing Sylvia from Proteus, 63, 117

Index 453 literary works: ‘Memories of Rossetti’, 383; ‘Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood: A Fight for Art’, 366; Pre-Raphaelitism and the PreRaphaelite Brotherhood, 429, 431 Home, Daniel Dunglas, 162, 194 Hope, Beresford, 112 Hopkins, Ellice, 278 Hopkins, Gerard Manley, 166, 317 Horder, William Garrett, 332 Horne, Herbert Percy, 379 Horsley, John Calcott, 89 Hotten, John Camden, 194, 195, 208, 211, 227 Houghton, Alfred Boyd, 195, 206 Housman, Lawrence, 392, 394 Howard, Lady Isabella, 15 Howell, Charles Augustus (CAH), 105, 111, 178, 184, 185, 194–5, 203–4, 207, 209, 212, 214, 215, 217, 221, 223, 224, 231, 251, 252, 253, 256, 258, 260, 261, 264, 265, 266, 268, 269, 270, 271, 274, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 286, 301, 306, 320, 349 Howell, Edwin Henry, 224 Howell, Frances Catherine (‘Kate’ / ‘Kitty’) (KH), 183, 184, 185, 202, 203–4, 239 Howitt, Anna Mary (AMH), 67, 73, 78, 81, 83, 84, 357 Howitt, Mary, 67, 72–3, 78, 80, 82, 96 Howitt, William, 73, 79, 82 Howorth, Henry, 337 Hueffer, Ford Madox, 263, 397, 408, 426; literary works: ‘Christina Rossetti’, 441; ‘Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, 441; Ford Madox Brown, 397; Rossetti: A Critical Essay on his Art, 408, 423 Hüffer, Cathy, see Brown, Catherine Madox Hüffer, Franz, 207, 215, 235, 247, 253, 255, 281, 333, 341, 345, 350, 367, 378 Hughes, Arthur, 61, 81, 82, 86, 88, 89, 91, 96, 104–5, 107, 113, 135, 171, 200, 215, 234, 240, 242, 243, 267, 270, 403, 407, 439

Hughes, Timothy, 125, 254 Humphreys (publisher), 442 Hunt, Alfred William, 113, 118 Hunt, Emily, 114 Hunt, Margaret Raine, 300, 302 Hurst & Blackett, 357, 366, 421 Huth, Frederick, 195 Hutton, Richard Holt, 146, 232 Illustrated Scrap-Book, 20, 21 Inchbold, John William, 81, 97, 107, 149, 162, 215, 217, 245 Ingelow, Jean, 161, 168, 169, 170, 171, 173, 176, 188, 201, 204, 396 Ingram, John, 339, 341, 348, 349, 350, 368, 373 International Exhibitions, 145, 148, 150, 151, 415, 422 International Society of Fine Arts, 195 Ionides, Aglaia, 301, 313, 322 Ionides, Alecco, 201, 322 Ionides, Constantine Alexander, 301, 313, 318, 320, 324 Ionides, Luke, 201 Ireland, Alexander, 337 Jackson, James, 218 Jackson, Richard C., 377 Jackson, Thomas, 139 James, Henry, 360 Jamrach, Charles, 172 Jarves, Isable Kast, 218 Jeaffreson, John Cordy, 350 Jenner, William, 196, 225 Jervis, Agnes, 12 Jervis, Swynfen, 12, 13, 67, 68, 103 Jewett, Sarah Orne, 342, 346 Jones, Ebenezer, 36, 305 Jones, H. Clapp, 52 Jopling, Louise, 200 Katahara, Yumei, 427 Keats, Fanny, 308 Keats, John, 178, 308 Keene, J. B., 37 Keightley, Thomas, 8, 51, 87, 92, 141, 175 Kelmscott Press, 392, 395, 397, 414 Kemble, John Philip, 343

454 Index Kennedy, William Denholm, 53 Kingsley, Charles, 90 Kingsley, Frances Grenfell, 364 Kirkup, Seymour, 126, 192, 201, 208, 211, 218, 219 Kitton, F. G., 353 Knewstub, Walter John, 150, 153, 155, 165, 172, 197, 286, 287, 335 Knight, Joseph, 216, 234 Lamb, Charles, 343 Landor, Walter Savage, 126 Landseer, Edwin Henry, 89 Lane, Charlton G., 113 Lascaridi, Peter, 304 Laurie & Son, 325 Layard, George Somes, 397 Layard, Sir Austen Henry, 99 Leader, Charles Temple, 18 Lear, Charles Hutton, 53 Lear, Edward, 68 Leathart, James, 122, 124, 135, 137, 151, 156, 161, 162, 202, 204, 213, 409 Leathart, Maria, 152 Lecky, William E. H., 233 Leech, John, 81 Leeds, National Exhibition of Works of Art, 204, 208, 211, 213 Lee, Vernon, see Paget, Violet Legros, Alphonse, 126, 153, 161, 162, 163, 176, 184 Leicester Galleries, 437 Leifchild, Henry, 209 Leifchild, Paul, 88 Leigh Hunt, James Henry, 30, 34, 37 Leigh Hunt, Marianne, 343 Leigh Smith, Barbara (BLS), 78, 81, 83, 84, 93, 101, 109, 120, 124, 129, 135, 140, 148, 163, 227, 246, 251, 252, 254, 273, 423 artworks: Deserted Garden, 291; Mist, 291; Prickly-Pear Thicket in Algeria, 111; Sunset, 291 Leigh Smith, Isabella, see Ludlow, Isabella Leighton, Lord Frederic, 96, 120, 342 Leland, Charles, 233 Levy, Amy, 360

Lewis, Arthur James, 118 Lewis, George, 344 Lewis, John, 103 Lewis, Matthew ‘Monk’, 9 Leyland, Fanny (Mrs Stephenson Hamilton), 312 Leyland, Frederick, 184, 193, 197, 199, 205, 209, 210, 212, 219, 236, 245, 247, 254, 256, 257, 258, 259, 262, 263, 265, 267, 268, 269, 271, 275, 277, 283, 284, 289, 290, 291, 293, 294, 297, 298, 304, 305, 310, 312, 320, 321, 322, 323, 325, 327, 328, 338, 340, 341, 390, 391 Lind, Jenny, 33, 166 Lindsay, Lady Frances, 95 Lindsay, Sir Coutts, 280 Linnell, John, 143 Linton, William James, 103, 107, 141 Literary Society, 38, 39 Literature, 414 Littledale, R. Frederick, 161, 204, 298, 327, 359 Liverati, Chevalier C. E., 192 Liverpool Academy of Arts, 101, 108, 114, 138, 163 Liverpool Exhibition of Pictures, 111, 122, 332, 333 Liverpool Municipal Gallery, 324 Llandaff Cathedral, 91, 97, 98, 107, 108, 124, 138, 139, 166, 168, 193; see also Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, artworks: Seed of David Locker, Frederick, 318 Logan, John, 124 London Zoo, 120, 122, 184, 200, 398, 435 Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 61, 344 Longman & Co., 355, 359, 364, 369, 373, 377, 384, 386, 391, 396, 397, 398, 399 Losh, Alicia Margaret, 213, 214, 221, 248 Louisa Anne (Marchioness of Waterford), see Beresford, Louisa Anne Lowell, James Russell, 195 Low, Frances H., 399 Lucas, Samuel, 136, 179

Index 455 Lucy, Charles, 71, 91 Ludlow, Isabella, 179 Ludlow, John, 179 Lushington, Jane, 184 Lushington, Vernon, 89, 96, 126, 155, 301, 341 Lyell, Charles, 6, 7, 8, 14, 16, 22, 26, 31, 41, 49, 413 Lyell, Sir Leonard, 346, 413 Lyster, Alfred Chaworth, 92 McCallum, Andrew, 112 MacCarthy, Denis Florence, 235, 297 McClure, Edmund, 393, 397, 400 MacColl, Norman, 328 McConnell, T. H., 204 MacCracken, Francis, 69, 71, 72, 74, 77, 78, 83, 91 Macfarren, Sir George A., 217 Macgregor, Georgina, 7 McLennan, John Ferguson, 82 MacLennan, John Ferguson, 85 McLennan, John Ferguson, 225 Maclise, Daniel, 89 Macmillan, Alexander (AM), 85, 101, 105, 114, 133, 134, 135, 140, 141, 145, 146, 147, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 164, 166, 168, 169, 170, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 186, 189, 190, 202, 210, 219, 227, 228, 229, 244, 265, 267, 269, 270, 273, 276, 278, 279, 287, 297, 316, 329, 330, 332, 343, 395 Macmillan Publishers, 136, 145, 153, 162, 171, 173, 175, 191, 202, 206, 273, 274, 297, 309, 313, 316, 318, 330, 346, 355, 361, 365, 370, 374, 377, 378, 382, 383, 385, 388, 393, 395–6, 396, 398, 407, 410, 412, 415, 425, 426, 428, 430 Macmillan’s Magazine, 133, 134, 135, 137, 147, 154, 155, 156, 157, 159, 161, 164, 169, 171, 178, 180, 188, 189, 194, 196, 209, 210, 213, 217, 277, 282, 343, 348 Maenza, Clarissa, 21, 23, 127, 132, 298, 306

Maenza, Guiseppe, 21, 23, 24, 25, 127, 128, 132, 211 Maenza, Peppino, 21, 25 Main, David, 317, 320 Maitland, Pelham, 191 Maitland, Thomas, see Buchanan, Robert Manchester Art Treasures exhibition, 108 Manchester Public Gallery, 387 Manet, Edouard, 169, 326 Manetti, Agnes, 151, 155 Manley Foster, Richard, 427 Marks, Henry Stacy, 205, 209 Marks, Murray, 194, 205, 251, 252, 266, 267, 273, 279, 281, 311 Marshall, Frank A., 235 Marshall, John, 78, 144, 212, 251, 256, 313, 339, 340 Marshall, Peter Paul, 135, 154, 156, 162, 196, 235, 270, 271, 274 Marshall, Thomas Falcon, 112 Marshall, William, 100, 130, 148 Marston, John Westland (JWM), 53 Marston, Philip Bourke (PBM), 295, 305, 307, 324 Martin, Arthur Patchett, 388, 389, 390 Martineau, Robert Braithwaite, 88, 92, 99, 107, 114 Martin, Eliza, 200 Martin, Elizabeth, see Rovedino, Elizabeth Martin, Sir Theodore, 58, 106, 143 Martin, William Edward, 340, 341 Marzials, Théophile, 245 Masson, David, 67, 77, 85, 133, 134, 135, 154, 350 Matthews, Charles Peter, 203, 206, 208 Matthews, Elkin, 438, 439 Maurice, Frederick Denison, 87 Mayor, Gustav, 162 Mazzini, Guiseppe, 14, 16, 52, 66, 198 Medieval Society, 104, 114 Medwin, Thomas, 90 Melville, Helen, 199 Mendel, Samuel, 185, 261 Meredith, George, 136, 139, 146, 148, 151, 156, 158

456 Index Meredith, Isabel, 425 Millais, Sir John Everett (JEM), 31, 42, 44, 52, 53, 65, 68, 79, 81, 82, 85, 99, 100, 107, 121, 122, 124 artworks: Departure of the Crusaders, 89; Dreams of the Past, 107; Isabella, 41; James Wyatt and his Granddaughter, 52; John Ruskin, 77; Order of Release, 77; Return of the Dove to the Ark, 62 Miller, Annie, 100, 125, 155 Miller, Joaquin (Cincinnatus Heine), 237, 241, 255, 258 Miller, John, 72, 82, 138, 144, 145, 163, 167, 184, 206 Millet, François, 169 Milner, George, 280 Milnes, Richard Monckton (Lord Houghton) (RMM), 23, 39, 59 Milsand, Joseph, 95 Minto, William, 393 Mitchell, John, 165, 193, 230 Moeller, Felix, 242 Moeller, Golde, see Heimann, Golde Moore, Albert, 162, 184 Moore, Thomas, 90 Morley, John, 214, 227 Morris & Co., see Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. Morris, Jane (JM), 104, 111, 113, 114, 121, 125, 128, 131, 132, 180, 182, 183, 197, 201, 209, 212, 214, 217, 219, 223, 226, 230, 233, 234, 241, 250, 261, 262, 264, 271, 272, 273, 274, 276, 278, 279, 282, 296, 302, 305, 311, 316, 317, 319, 322, 323–4, 327, 330, 331, 333, 335, 340; portraits of, 164, 180, 209, 221, 231, 233, 234, 235, 238, 246, 263 Morris, Jenny, 241, 265, 274, 282 Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co., 132, 134, 135, 142, 143, 148, 154, 155, 156, 163, 169, 172, 173, 174, 176, 216, 220, 226, 256, 270, 270–1, 274, 317, 381 Morris, May, 241, 254, 265, 274, 282 Morris, William (WM), 88, 96, 97, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, 109,

113, 115, 121, 124, 125, 131, 133, 134, 135, 164, 196, 201, 202, 209, 213, 214, 219, 220, 221, 225, 227, 231, 232, 264, 266, 270, 271, 274, 284, 346, 392, 410, 419; Defence of Guinevere and Other Poems, 113; La Belle Iseult, 268 Mortara, Cavalière, 14, 19, 33 Morton, Thomas, 118, 194, 195 Moulton, Louise Chandler, 284 Moxon, Edward, 89, 96, 100, 101; see also Edward Moxon & Co. Mullins, Michael, 12 Mulready, William, 85, 89 Munby, Arthur Joseph, 113–14, 134, 148, 149, 156–7 Munro, Alexander, 37, 53, 56, 61, 71, 72, 77, 81, 89, 95, 105, 109, 160, 166 Munro, Annie, 285 Murray, James, 434 Murray, John, 64, 193, 195, 198, 201, 227 Nash, J. John Glendenning, 367, 404, 405, 407, 415, 416 National Academy of Design (New York), 110 National Gallery, 12, 112, 300, 366, 443 National Gallery of British Art, 412 National Institution, 55 National Portrait Gallery, 144, 315, 386, 407, 408, 409 Nesﬁeld, William Eden, 205 Nettleﬁeld, John Trivett, 207 New Gallery, 393, 403, 410, 411, 412, 413, 418 Newton, Emily Rebecca, 184, 185 Nicholson, Mary, 102, 206 Nightingale, Florence, 84 Niles, Thomas, 188, 204, 218, 224, 239 Noble, James Ashcroft, 321 North London School of Drawing and Modelling, 71 North, William, 39, 60, 66 Norton, Charles Eliot, 115–16, 124, 125, 143, 189, 217, 218, 230 Norton, Susan (née Sedgwick), 146, 158

Index 457 Notes & Queries Society, 305, 311 Nottingham Museum and Art Gallery, 388 O’Connor, William Douglas, 220 Old Water-Colour Society, 64, 69, 72, 103, 165 Olivieri, Agostino, 359, 367, 372 Orchard, John, 45 Orme, Charles, 58 Orme, Eliza, 58, 70 Orme, Emily Rosaline, 58, 66, 71, 73, 77, 133 Orme, Helen, 58 Ormsby, John, 103, 148, 265 Orrinsmith, H., 330 Orrinsmith, Lucy, see Faulkner, Lucy O’Shaughnessy, Arthur, 207, 215, 326 Oxford Union murals, see Oxford University; Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, murals Oxford University, 97, 105, 109, 110, 115, 117, 121, 129, 224 Oxford University Museum of Natural History, 136, 137 Oxford University Press, 442 Paganini, Niccolò, 8 Paget, Violet, 331, 373 Page, William, 94, 97, 99, 119 Palgrave, Francis Turner, 202, 377, 415 Palmer, Samuel, 311 Paris, Gaston, 378 Parke, Louisa, 51, 184, 188 Parkes, Bessie Raynor (BRP), 84, 89, 91, 101, 102, 148, 149, 157, 159 Parry, Sir Hubert, 373 Parsons, John Robert, 183, 214, 216, 254, 258, 263, 265, 299 Pasteur, Louis, 374, 380, 385 Patmore, Coventry, 22, 41, 47, 50, 56, 58, 59, 62, 73, 85, 95, 108, 111, 130, 135, 274 Patmore, Gurney, 234 Paton, Allen Park, 169 Paton, Joseph Noel, 273, 282 Patten, George, 53 Paul, Benjamin Horatio, 65, 80, 86

Payne, J. Bertrand, 210, 217, 254 Payne, John, 207, 302 Pearson, Charles Henry, 144, 146 Peel, Sir Robert, 52 Penkill Castle, 187, 190, 203, 213, 215, 219, 221, 231, 313, 314, 344 Pennell, Henry, 265 Pepoli, Carlo, 13, 218 Peppina (companion of GR), 4, 5 Peterborough Cathedral, 142 Philographic Society, 112 Philological Society, 89 Piccadilly Gallery, 177 Pierce, Anna Maria, see Polidori, Anna Maria Pietrocola-Rossetti, Achille, 358 Pietrocola-Rossetti, Isabella, 218, 267, 353, 358 Pietrocola-Rossetti, Teodorico (TPR), 60, 83, 96, 218, 267, 304, 308, 309, 325, 350, 358; ‘Il Mercato de’ Folleti’, 197; Prophecy of the Nineteenth Century, 80 Pilgeram & Lefèvre, 250 Pinti, Raphael, 252 Pistrucci, Filippo, 11 Placci, Carlo, 337 Planché, Gustave, 93 Plint, Thomas E., 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 108, 109, 111, 120, 122, 137, 138, 145; estate of, 162, 166, 167, 170, 183, 192, 194 Polidori, Anna Maria, 3, 44, 73 Polidori, Charlotte Lydia (CP), 22, 28, 37, 44, 46, 53, 61, 63, 75, 76, 77, 83, 86, 100, 126, 151, 198, 226, 241, 271, 292, 333, 341, 346, 359, 360, 367, 371, 372, 373, 376, 381, 382 Polidori, Eliza Harriet (EP), 13, 18, 28, 66, 83, 87, 89, 96, 100, 198, 271, 329, 346, 358, 359, 360, 367, 371, 378, 382, 385, 386, 394 Polidori, Francesco, 70, 72, 298 Polidori, Gaetano (GP), 3, 4, 6, 9, 15, 22, 33, 38, 39, 69, 70, 72, 76, 77, 79, 298, 343, 371 Polidori, John, 4, 5, 190, 292, 384, 407, 421, 433

458 Index Polidori, Luigi, 388 Polidori, Maria Margaret (MMP), 8, 21, 57, 75, 83, 199, 200, 226, 287 Polidori, Philip Robert, 164 Pollen, John Hungerford, 105, 108, 178, 208, 232 Polydore, Henrietta (HP) (daughter of HFP), 43, 72, 80, 83, 120, 131, 138, 167, 170, 174, 192, 203, 218, 219, 231, 241, 252, 254, 258, 259, 269, 359, 360 Polydore, Henrietta (wife of HFP), 80, 83, 201, 218, 306, 310, 360 Polydore, Henry Francis (HFP), 17, 63, 80, 83, 90, 97, 126, 170, 198, 203, 261 Portfolio Society, 110, 120, 124, 129, 137, 139, 140, 150, 152, 156, 158, 163, 179 Poynter, Edward, 150 PRB Journal, 350 Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (PRB), 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 69, 71, 78, 97, 111, 214, 443 Pre-Raphaelite Exhibition, Russell Place, see DGR, exhibitions Preston, Margaret Junkin, 255 Price, Cormell, 110 Prichard & Seddon’s, 139 Prick of Liverpool, 254 Prinsep, Valentine Cameron (VCP), 105, 108, 114, 118, 120, 123, 143, 215, 357, 391, 427 Proctor, Adelaide Anne, 120, 168, 233 Proctor, Bryan W., 200 Proctor, Ellen A., 316, 364, 406 Prudhomme, Sully, 378 Pusey, Edward Bouverie, 92 Pyne, Kendrick, 337, 348 Radcliffe, Ann, 348–9, 350, 351, 352 Rae, George, 161, 164, 168, 170, 173, 181, 186, 187, 245, 256, 258, 269, 270, 271, 291, 295 Rainford, Edward W., 38 Ralston, William R. S., 129, 148, 149, 235, 249 Rathbone, Harold, 281, 348

Rathbone, Philip Henry, 307, 324 Reach, Angus B., 56 Read, Elizabeth, 28 Read, Harriet, 395, 402, 404, 405 Read, Thomas Buchanan, 63, 102 Red Lion Mary, see Nicholson, Mary Ricciardi, Conte Guiseppe, 218, 223, 233 Rintoul, Henrietta, 89, 97, 116, 123, 131, 149, 150, 170, 173, 429 Rintoul, Robert Stephen, 64, 73, 112 Riviere, William, 121 Rivington & Co., 237, 238, 239, 244, 247, 323, 367, 369, 373 Rivington, R. A., 192, 203 Roberts Brothers, 161, 188, 200, 202, 204, 218, 230, 232, 239, 240, 241, 246, 248, 256, 282, 290, 309, 329, 330, 332, 334, 336, 338, 347, 355, 364, 365, 368, 370, 371, 374, 378, 382, 385, 389, 393, 399 Robertson, Eric, 352 Robinson, Agnes Mary Francis, 281, 344, 372, 373, 375, 378 Robinson, George T., 281 Robinson, Mabel, 281, 373, 436, 437 Romney, George, 311, 424 Rose, James Anderson, 133, 149, 150, 151, 154, 155, 156, 161, 162, 189, 201, 217, 251 Rossetti, Arthur, see Rossetti, Gabriel Arthur Rossetti, Christina Georgina (CGR) artworks: 51, 73, 74, 75, 76, 90, 136; ‘Bitter for Sweet’, 42 contributions: The Complete Works in Verse & Prose of Edmund Spenser, 280; Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography, 80, 96, 104, 109, 117, 123, 154 literary works: ‘Acme’, 100; ‘Advent’, 65, 114, 377; ‘After All’, 68; ‘After Communion’, 189, 197; ‘After Death’, 44, 134; ‘After the Pic-nic’, 115; ‘After a picture in the Portland Gallery’, 68; ‘After This the Judgement’, 103, 176; ‘An Afterthought’,

Index 459 95; ‘Alas for me!’, 170; ‘“Alas My Lord”’, 264, 267; ‘All Saints’, 66; ‘An Alphabet from England’, 277; ‘Amen’, 99; ‘Amicizia:/”Sirocchia son d’amore”–’, see ‘Il Rosseggiar dell’Oriente’; ‘“Amico e più che amico mio”–’, see ‘Il Rosseggiar dell’Oriente’; ‘Amor Domente?’, see ‘Il Rosseggiar dell’Oriente’; ‘Amore e Dispetto’, 30; ‘Amor Mundi’, 175, 179, 182, 258, 279; ‘Amor si Sveglia?’, see ‘Il Rosseggiar dell’Oriente’; ‘Anne of Warwick’, 34; ‘Annie (“Annie is fairer than her kith”)’, 58; ‘Annie (“It’s not for earthly bread, Annie”)’, 77; Annus Domini, 264, 266, 267; ‘Another Spring’, 110, 214; ‘An Answer’, 103; ‘An AppleGathering’, 111, 137; ‘An Argument’, 35, 54; ‘Ariadne to Theseus’, 23; ‘“As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country”’, 117; ‘“As a king … unto the King”’, 154; ‘Ash Wednesday’, 120, 162; ‘At Home’, 115, 133; ‘A Tirsi’, 25; ‘The Audience Chamber’, 165; ‘Autumn’, 113; ‘Autumn Violets’, 213, 276; ‘An Awakening’, 184; ‘Ballad’, 81; ‘Ballad of Boding’, 333; ‘Beauty is Vain’, 163, 199; ‘A Bed of Forget-Me-Nots’, 100; ‘Before the paling of the Stars’, 122; ‘Behold I stand at the Door’, 140; ‘“Behold, I stand at the door and knock”’, 65; ‘A Better Resurrection’, 108; ‘Better so’, 141; ‘Birchington Churchyard’, 341, 343; ‘Bird or Beast?’, 168, 178; ‘A Bird’s-Eye View’, 156, 157, 178; ‘A Bird Song’, 256; ‘Birds of Paradise’, 169; ‘A Birthday, 111, 134, 140, 171, 195; ‘A Blank’, 111; ‘“Blessed

are they that mourn for they shall be comforted”’, 55; ‘The blood of Jesus Christ cleanseth from all sin’, 82; ‘“Blumine” Risponde’, see ‘Il Rosseggiar dell’Oriente’; ‘Books in the Running Brooks’, 68; ‘The Bourne’, 81, 155, 156, 179; bouts-rimés, 31, 35, 39, 46, 47; ‘A Bride Song’, 273; ‘Brother Bruin’, 362, 364; ‘“A bruised reed shall He not break”’, 67; ‘Burial Anthem’, 25; ‘A Burthen’, 116; ‘By the Sea’, 117, 178, 187, 264; ‘By the Water’, 97; ‘By the Waters of Babylon’, 141; ‘By the Waters of Babylon. / B.C. 570’, 165, 194, 377; ‘By Way of Remembrance’, 225; Called to be Saints: The Minor Festivals Devotionally Studied (CS), 287, 298, 316, 324, 329, 331, 334, 342; ‘“Cannot Sweeten”’, 189; ‘Cardinal Newman’, 383; ‘Case 2: Folio Q’, 126, 130, 133, 134; ‘Charade’, 26; ‘Charity’, 23, 24; ‘Charon’, 403; ‘The Chiefest among ten thousand’, 100; ‘Chiesa e Signore’, 125; ‘Child’s Talk in April’, 90; ‘A Chill’, 159; ‘A Chilly Night’, 98; ‘The Chinaman’, 16, 403; ‘Christian and Jew. / A Dialogue’, 116; ‘A Christmas Carol’, 122, 162, 370, 377; ‘A Christmas Carol, For My Godchildren’, 102; ‘A Christmas Carol (“In the bleak mid-winter”)’, 243, 246; ‘A Christmas Carol / (On the Stroke of Midnight)’, 43; ‘Christmas Carols’, 343, 370; ‘The City of Statues’, 32; ‘A Coast-Nightmare’, 110; ‘Cobwebs’, 94; ‘“Come cheer up, my lads, ’tis to glory we steer!”’, 24; ‘Come Unto Me’, 162, 164; ‘Commonplace’, 229;

460 Index Rossetti, Christina G. – continued Commonplace and Other Short Stories, 65, 88, 225, 229, 230, 231, 232; ‘Conference between Christ, the Saints, and the Soul’, 97, 153; ‘Conﬂuents’, 279; ‘Consider’, 156, 171, 188; ‘“Consider the lilies of the ﬁeld”’, 78; ‘The Convent Threshold’, 116, 167; ‘Cor Mio’, 354; Corrispondenzia Famigliare, 66, 67; ‘Corydon’s Lament and Resolution’, 19, 20; ‘A Counsel’, 34; ‘Cousin Kate’’, 124; ‘Dante, An English Classic’, 204; ‘Dante. The Poet Illustrated out of the Poem’, 349, 355; ‘A Daughter of Eve’, 184; ‘Day Dreams’, 110, 150; ‘“The day is at hand”’, 69; ‘Days of Vanity’, 254; ‘Dead before Death’, 88; ‘The Dead Bride’, 30, 89; ‘The Dead City’, 32; ‘Dead Hope’, 177, 210; ‘Death’, 38; ‘“Death is swallowed up in victory”’, 37; ‘A Death of a First-Born’, 388, 392; ‘Death’s Chill Between’, 34, 41; ‘The Dervise’, 12; ‘Despair’, 23; ‘Despised and Rejected’, 169, 377; ‘Did Any Bird Come Flying’, 377; ‘Ding Dong Bell’, 113; ‘A Dirge’, 60, 185, 265, 342; ‘A Discovery’, 68; ‘Divine and Human Pleading’, 28; ‘Dost Thou Not Care?’, 171; ‘A Dream’, 62; ‘Dream Land’, 44, 46, 52; ‘Dream Lands’, 154; ‘DreamLove’, 85, 86, 153; ‘A Dumb Friend’, 156; ‘The Dying Man to His Betrothed’, 29; ‘Earth and Heaven’, 24; ‘“Earth has clear call of daily bells”’, 116; ‘Easter’, 165; ‘Easter Even’, 82, 134, 162, 179; ‘Easter Monday’, 165; ‘Easter Morning’, 23; ‘Echo’, 88, 170; ‘An Echo from Willowwood’,

376, 384; ‘E. F.’, 183; ‘Eleanor’, 33; ‘The Eleventh Hour’, 77, 163; ‘Ellen Middleton’, 38; ‘An End’, 43, 52, 119, 124, 177; ‘The End of the Year’, 103; ‘The End of Time’, 26; ‘An English Drawing-Room, /1865’, 183, 187, 264; ‘Enrica, 1865’, 183, 187, 264; ‘En Route’, 181; ‘[Eppure Allora Venivi]’, see ‘Il Rosseggiar dell’Oriente’; ‘An Escape’, 156; ‘Esther’, 377; ‘Eva’, 32; ‘Eve’, 174, 377; ‘Exultate Deo’, 376; ‘“Eye hath not seen”’, 67; Face of the Deep: A Devotional Commentary on the Apocalypse (FD), 369, 388, 389, 392, 393, 417; ‘“Faint, yet pursuing”, 164, 389; ‘“Fairer than younger beauties, more beloved”’, 282; ‘Fair Margaret’, 24; ‘“A fair world tho’ a fallen.”–’, 64; ‘The Fairy Prince who arrived too late’, see ‘The Prince’s Progress’; ‘The Faithless Shepherdess’, 23; ‘A Farm Walk’, 168; ‘Fata Morgana’, 107; ‘A ﬁght over the body of Homer’, 101; ‘Finestra mia orientale’, see ‘Il Rosseggiar dell’Oriente’; ‘The First Spring Day’, 90; ‘Floral Teaching’, 37; ‘“The Flowers appear on the Earth”’, 91; ‘Folio Q’, see ‘Case 2: Folio Q’; ‘For Advent’, 43; ‘Forget Me Not’, 23; ‘For H.P.’, 120; ‘For a Mercy received’, 154; ‘For One Sake’, 110; ‘Freaks of Fashion’, 298–9; ‘Friends’, 175; ‘From the Antique’ (“It’s a weary life, it is; she said”), 85; ‘From the Antique’ (“The wind shall lull us yet”), 69; see also ‘One Sea-Side Grave’; ‘From House to Home’, 118, 170, 171; ‘From Metastasio’, 104; ‘From Sunset to Star Rise’, 175; ‘The German-French Campaign’,

Index 461 279; ‘The Ghost’s Petition’, 165, 178; ‘Goblin Market’, 121, 133, 134, 176, 197, 235, 315, 318, 362; Goblin Market, 431, 436, 441; Goblin Market and Other Poems (GM), 132, 138, 140, 141, 142, 145, 146, 152, 157, 161, 166, 169, 170, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 180, 190, 228, 244, 265, 273, 330, 392, 394, 397, 431, 438; see also DGR, illustrations; Goblin Market, The Prince’s Progress, and Other Poems, 271, 274, 276, 297, 307, 309, 313, 316, 318, 374; ‘God be merciful to me a sinner’, 135; ‘Golden Holly’, 244; ‘Gone Before’, 101, 159; ‘Gone For Ever’, 30, 179; ‘Goodbye’, 115; ‘Good Friday’, 147, 162; ‘Grown and Flown’, 170; ‘Grown Old’, 38; ‘Guesses’, 85; ‘“The half was not told me” said Sheba’s Queen’, 377; ‘A Harmony on First Corinthians 13’, 298, 309; ‘“Have I not striven, my God, and watched and prayed?”’, 159; ‘Have Patience’, 43; ‘Have You Forgotten?’, 43; ‘“The heart knoweth its own bitterness”’, 69, 109; ‘Heart’s Chill Between’, 34, 41; ‘Heaven’s chimes are slow, but sure to strike at last’, 86; ‘Helen Grey’, 156, 189; ‘“A Helpmeet for Him”’, 374; ‘Henry Hardiman’, 201; ‘Hero: A Metamorphosis’, 134, 188, 204, 224; ‘Hold Thou me up’, 151; ‘A Holy Heavenly Chime’, 343, 344; ‘Holy Innocents’, 76; ‘A Hope Carol’, 375; ‘Hope in Grief’, 26; ‘Hope is like a harebell’, 359; ‘A Hopeless Case. / (Nydia.)’, 38; ‘The Hour and the Ghost’, 101; ‘The House of Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, 388, 390; ‘How

long?’, 99; ‘“How many authors are my ﬁrst!”’, 44; ‘How One Chose’, 48; ‘Husband and Wife’, 183, 298; ‘A Hymn for Christmas Day’, 23; ‘Hymn (“To the God who reigns on high”)’, 19; ‘Iddio c’illumini!’, 203; ‘“I do set my bow in the cloud”’, 35; ‘If’, 165, 189; ‘If I Had Words’, 168; ‘If Only’, 175; ‘“I have done with hope”’, 123; ‘“I have fought a good ﬁght”’, 33; ‘“I have a message unto thee.” / (written in sickness.)’, 91; ‘I Know You Not’, 100, 162; ‘“I look for the Lord”’, 68; ‘Il Rosseggiar dell’Oriente’, 152, 154, 197, 201, 204, 207, 208, 209, 210, 212; ‘Immalee’, 34; ‘An “Immurata” Sister’, 181; ‘In Advent’, 103; ‘In An Artist’s Studio’, 103; ‘In a Certain Place’, 189; ‘In Captivity’, 167; ‘In the days of the Sea Kings’, 103; ‘“The Iniquity of the Fathers Upon the Children”’, 175, 176, 177, 178; ‘In Patience’, 164; ‘In Progress’, 146, 179; ‘In the Lane’, 100; ‘In the Round Tour at Jhansi, June 8, 1857’, 109, 122; ‘Introspective’, 108; ‘Is and Was’, 55; ‘Isidora’, 33; ‘“Is it well with the child?”’, 185; ‘“I toiled on, but thou”’, 271, 354; ‘“I Will Lift Up Mine Eyes Unto the Hills”’, 97, 100, 153, 179; ‘Jessie Cameron’, 168, 178; ‘Jess and Jill’, 156; ‘A King Dwelt in Jerusalem’, 377; ‘The Knell of the Year’, 103; ‘Lady Isabella’ (“Heart warm as summer”), 34, 179; ‘Lady Isabella’ (“Lady Isabella”), 28; ‘Lady Montrevor’, 37; ‘The Lambs of Grasmere 1860’, 128; ‘The Lambs of Westmoreland 1860’, 128; ‘A Lament’, 34;

462 Index Rossetti, Christina G. – continued ‘Lamentation & Consolation’, 30; ‘Lassù ﬁa caro il rivederci’, see ‘Il Rosseggiar dell’Oriente’; ‘“Lassuso il caro ﬁore”’, see ‘Il Rosseggiar dell’Oriente’; ‘The Last Answer’, 35; ‘The Last Complaint’, 43; ‘The Last Hope’, 34; ‘The Last Look’, 91; ‘Last Night’, 171, 178, 180; ‘The Last Words of St. Telemachus’, 25; Later Life, 182, 354; ‘L.E.L.’, 120, 156, 178; ‘“Let patience have her perfect work”’, 98; Letter and Spirit: Notes on the Commandments (LS), 336, 345, 347, 349, 350; ‘“Let them rejoice in their beds”’, 72; ‘Life and Death’, 156, 200; ‘Life Hidden’, 45; ‘A Life’s Parallels’, 287, 289; ‘Light Love’, 102, 155; ‘“Like as we are”’, 72; ‘L’Incognita’, 65; ‘Lines / Given With a Penwiper’, 34; ‘Lines In Memory of Schiller’s “Der Pilgrim”’, 37; ‘Lines to My Grandfather’, 26; ‘Lisetta All’Amante’, 30; ‘Listening’, 87; ‘Lo! Newborn Jesus’, 374; ‘Long Barren’, 175; ‘Long Enough’, 86; ‘Long Looked For’, 86; ‘Looking Forward’, 45; ‘“Look on this picture and on this”’, 101; ‘Lord Thomas and Fair Margaret’, 25; ‘The Lost Titian’, 88, 99, 100, 204; ‘The Lotus-Eaters: / Ulysses to Penelope’, 34; ‘Love and Death’, 23; ‘Love and Hope’, 21; ‘Love Attacked’, 29; ‘Love Defended’, 29; ‘Love Ephemeral’, 25; ‘Love from the North’, 103; ‘“Love is all happiness, love is all beauty”’, 32; ‘Love Lies Bleeding’, 256, 279; ‘“The love of Christ which passeth knowledge”’, 117; ‘The Lowest Place’, 377; ‘The Lowest

Room’, 101, 158, 177, 279; ‘“Luscious and sorrowful”’, 203; ‘Maggie a Lady’, 175, 200; ‘Maiden-Song’, 158, 178, 213; ‘“Man’s life is but a working day”’, 164; ‘Margery’, 160, 178; ‘The Martyr’, 29; ‘A Martyr’, 99; ‘Martyrs’ Song’, 156, 171, 176; ‘Mary Magdalene’, 28; ‘The Massacre of Perugia’, 122–3; ‘Maude’, 45, 51, 63, 225; Maude, 410, 412; ‘Maude Clare’, 111, 121, 124; ‘May’, 95; ‘Meeting’, 166; ‘Memory’, 111, 175; ‘Methinks the ills of life’, 39; ‘“Me you often meet”’, 44; ‘Michael F. M. Rossetti’, 347; ‘Mirage’, 128; ‘Mirrors of Life and Death’, 290, 291; ‘Monna Innominata’, 333, 365; ‘The Months: A Pageant’, 311, 343; ‘Moonshine’, 67; ‘Mother and Child’, 28; ‘Mother Country’, 188, 209; ‘Mr. And Mrs. Scott and I’, 121; ‘My Dream’, 90; ‘My Friend’, 111, 169; ‘My Lady of the Manor’, 175; ‘My Mouse’, 289; ‘“My old admiration before I was twenty”’, 340; ‘Ne’ sogni ti veggo’, 35, 381; ‘New Enigmas’, 51; New Poems (1896), 68, 408, 412; ‘New Year’s Eve’, 103; ‘Next of Kin’, 72; ‘Nick’, 65, 77, 78, 110, 204, 224; ‘Night and Death’, 34; ‘No, Thank You, John’, 126, 279; ‘Noble Sisters’, 124; ‘“None with him”’, 166; ‘Nonsense’, 111; ‘“Non son io la rosa ma vi stetti appresso”’, see ‘Il Rosseggiar dell’Oriente’; ‘“Nostre voluntà quieti virtù di carità”, see ‘Il Rosseggiar dell’Oriente’; ‘Notes on Tudor House’, see ‘The House of Dante Gabriel Rossetti’; ‘“Not yours but you”’, 102; ‘The Novice’, 33; ‘“Now they desire”’, 101; ‘Now they desire a better

Index 463 country’, 97; ‘A Nun’, 43; ‘“O Christ our all in each, our all in all!”’, 151; ‘An October Garden’, 295; ‘“O death where is thy sting?”’ 35; ‘The Offering of the New Law’, 135–6, 153; ‘Of My Life’, 190; ‘Oggi’, see ‘Il Rosseggiar dell’Oriente’; ‘“Oh forza irresistibile/Dell’umile preghiera”–’, see ‘Il Rosseggiar dell’Oriente’; ‘Oh Lady Moon’, 359; ‘Oh what comes over the sea?’, 191; ‘Old and New Year Ditties’, 103; ‘On Albina’, 23; ‘Once’, 55, 86; ‘Once in a Dream’, 152; ‘Once For All./(Margaret.)’, 188, 207; ‘On the Death of a Cat’, 28; ‘One Certainty’, 45; ‘One Day’, 108, 141, 161; ‘One of the Dead’, 35; ‘One Sea-Side Grave’, 72, 355, 356; ‘On Keats’, 43; ‘Only believe’, 116; ‘“On the note you do not send me”’, 53; ‘On the Wing’, 152; ‘Our Heaven’, 81; ‘“Our heaven must be within ourselves”’, 81; ‘“Our life is long. Not so, wise angels say”’, 99; ‘Our Widowed Queen’, 141; ‘“Out of the Deep”’, 152; A Pageant and Other Poems (P), 316, 320, 324, 329, 331, 332, 333, 338, 346, 347, 355, 361, 365, 370, 374, 378, 382, 385, 388, 428; ‘“Palmbuds” for blessed grief’, 383; ‘Paradise’, 82; ‘Paradise: in a Symbol’, 169, 215; ‘“Parting after Parting”’, 115, 166; ‘Passing away, saith the world, passing away’, 131, 205; ‘Patience of Hope’, 325; ‘A Pause’, 75; ‘A Pause of Thought’, 37, 54; ‘A Peal of Bells’, 108; ‘A Peep at the Goblins’, see ‘Goblin Market’; ‘Per Preferenza’, see ‘Il Rosseggiar dell’Oriente’; ‘Pitia a Damone’, 23; Poems (1866),

187, 194; Poems (1872), 245; Poems (1876), 279, 280, 282, 285, 290, 309, 332; Poems (1882), 336, 337, 345, 347, 355, 361, 365, 370, 374; Poems (1888), 374, 378, 382; Poems (1890, 1891, 1892), 381, 383, 385, 388, 393, 398, 407; ‘The Poor Ghost’, 158; ‘The Portrait’, 32; ‘A Portrait’, 58; ‘Portraits’, 74; ‘Praise of Love’, 32; ‘The P.R.B. is in its decadence’, 79; ‘Present and Future’, 30; ‘The Prince’s Progress’, 139, 156, 159, 171, 173, 174, 176, 177; The Prince’s Progress and Other Poems (PP), 174, 178–9, 180, 186, 190, 191, 228, 244, 265, 297, 434; ‘The Prince who arrived too late’, see ‘The Prince’s Progress’; ‘Promises Like Piecrust’, 135; ‘The Queen of Hearts’, 154, 159, 279; ‘Queen Rose’, 46; Redeeming the Time: Daily Musings for Lent, 425; ‘Reﬂection’, 110, 150; ‘Refuge’, 129; ‘Remember’, 45, 347; ‘Repining’, 35, 54; ‘Rest’, 44; ‘Resurgam’, 336, 338, 341; ‘Resurrection Eve’, 32; ‘Retribution’, 14; ‘A Return’, 165; ‘A Ring Posy’, 156; ‘Ripetizione’, see ‘Il Rosseggiar dell’Oriente’; ‘River Thames’, 97; ‘Rosalind’, 19, 20; ‘The Rose’ (“Gentle, gentle river”), 28; ‘The Rose’ (“Oh rose, thou ﬂower of ﬂowers”), 32, 80; ‘A Rose Plant in Jericho’, 271; ‘Roses and Roses’ (“Where shall I ﬁnd a white rose blowing?”), 356; ‘A roundel seems to ﬁt a round of days’, 373; ‘The Round Tower at Jhansi’, see ‘In the Round Tour at Jhansi’; ‘A Royal Princess’, 139, 151, 153, 176, 178, 279; ‘The Ruined Cross’, 29, 67; ‘A Safe Investment’, 205, 224;

464 Index Rossetti, Christina G. – continued ‘St Andrew’s Church’, 38; ‘St Elizabeth of Hungary’, 58, 67; ‘Sapessi pure!’, see ‘Il Rosseggiar dell’Oriente’; ‘Sappho’, 30; ‘Seasons (“Crocuses and snowdrops wither”)’, 79; ‘Seasons (“In Springtime when the leaves are young”)’, 77; ‘Seasons (“Oh the cheerful budding-time”)’, 155, 196; ‘[Se così fosse]’, see ‘Il Rosseggiar dell’Oriente’; Seek and Find: A Double Series of Short Studies on the Benedicite (SF), 307, 310, 311, 312, 313; ‘Seeking Rest’, 48; ‘[Se fossi andata a Hastings]’, see ‘Il Rosseggiar dell’Oriente’; ‘Serenade’, 26; ‘A shadow of Dorothea’, 117; ‘Shall I forget?’, 175; ‘Shut Out’, 97; ‘A Sick Child’s Meditation’, 360; Sing-Song: A Nursery Rhyme Book (SS), 215, 228, 229–30, 231, 232, 236, 237, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 248, 276, 304, 305, 308, 309, 312, 358, 376, 383, 392, 395, 396, 422; ‘“The sinner’s own fault? So it was”’, 160; ‘Sir Eustace Grey’, 30; ‘Si Rimanda la Tocca-Caldaja’, see ‘Il Rosseggiar dell’Oriente’; ‘Sirs, ye are Brethran’, 225; ‘Sir Winter’, 103; ‘Sit Down in the Lowest Room’, 101, 164; ‘A Sketch’, 168; ‘Sleep at Sea’, 78, 86; ‘“Sleeping at last, the trouble and tumult over”’, 397; ‘“Sleep, sleep, happy one”’, 41; ‘A Smile and a Sigh’, 189, 210; ‘Soeur Louise de la Miséricorde’, 290; ‘Sognando’, see ‘Ne’ Sogni ti Veggo’; ‘The Solitary Rose’, 32; ‘Some Pros and Cons About Pews’, 203, 204; ‘Somewhere or Other’, 159; ‘Song (“I have loved you

for long years Ellen”)’, 68; ‘Song (“I saw her; she was lovely”)’, 30; ‘Song (“It is not for her even brow”)’, 59; ‘The Song of the Star’, 32; ‘Song (“Oh roses for the ﬂush of youth”)’, 43, 54; ‘Song (“Oh what comes over the sea?”)’, 191; ‘Song (“She sat and sang alway”)’, 42; ‘Songs in a Cornﬁeld’, 168, 176–7, 178, 186, 217; ‘Song (“When I am dead, my dearest”)’, 42, 235, 240, 382, 407; ‘Sonnet / From the Psalms’, 34; ‘Sonnet / On Lady Isabella’, 32; ‘Sonnet (“Some say that love and joy are one: and so”)’, 43; ‘Sonnet (“The stream moaneth as it ﬂoweth”)’, 34; ‘“Son, Remember”’, 380; ‘“Sorrow not as those who have no hope”’, 118; ‘Sound Sleep’, 46; Speaking Likenesses (SL), 256, 264, 265, 267, 268, 269, 270, 273; ‘Spring’, 120, 122; ‘Spring Fancies’, 115, 171, 178; ‘Spring Quiet’, 31; ‘A Study. (A Soul.)’, 81; ‘Summer’, 26, 163; ‘Summer (“Come, cuckoo, come”)’, 155; ‘A Summer Evening’, 78, 80; ‘“The summer is ended”’, 68; ‘A Summer Wish’, 63; ‘Sunshine’, 166; ‘“Surely He hath borne our griefs”’, 72; ‘Sweet Death’, 43, 54; ‘Symbols’, 43, 86; ‘Tasso and Leonora’, 30; ‘A Testimony’, 46, 54; ‘“Then they that fear the Lord spake often to one another”’, 122; ‘“Then whose shall those things be?”’, 116; ‘There is a budding morrow in midnight’, 377; ‘There remaineth therefore a rest’, 81; ‘“There remaineth therefore a rest to the people of God”’, 76, 81; ‘“These all wait upon Thee”’, 71; ‘“They Desire

Index 465 a Better Country”’, 217; ‘“Thou art the same, and Thy years shall not fail”’, 325; ‘The Three Enemies’, 63; ‘Three Moments’, 55; ‘Three Nuns’, 43, 56; ‘Three Seasons’, 79, 199; ‘Three Stages’, 37, 86; ‘“Thy friend and thy father’s friend forget not”’, 122; ‘“Till thou return”’, 101; Time Flies: A Reading Diary (TF), 32, 55, 360, 362, 363, 364, 371; ‘The Time of Waiting’, 30; ‘To a Murderer’, 30; ‘Today and Tomorrow’, 115; ‘Today’s Burden’, 336; ‘To E.R.’, 28; ‘To Lalla, Reading My Verses Topsy-Turvy’, 43; ‘To Mary Rossetti’, 369; ‘Tomorrow?’, 157; ‘To My Fior-di-Lisa’, 388; ‘To My Friend Elizabeth’, 28; ‘To My Mother on Her Birthday’, 16; ‘To the End’, 95; ‘To what purpose is this waste?’, 71; ‘Treasure-Trove’, see Seek and Find; ‘The Trees’ Counselling’, 35, 80; ‘A Triad’, 103; ‘A Trio’, 103; ‘True in the Main: Two Sketches’, 342; ‘A True Story’, 31; ‘Twice’, 166; ‘Twilight Calm’, 54, 78, 80; ‘Twilight Night’, 157, 168, 208; ‘Two Pursuits’, 44; ‘“The two Rossettis (brothers they)”’, 78; ‘Two Thoughts of Death’, 55; ‘Under the Rose’, 176, 177; ‘Under Willows’, 168; ‘Undine’, 37; ‘Unforgotten’, 95; ‘Up and Down’, 124; ‘Up-Hill’, 115, 134, 260; ‘Vanity of Vanities’, 116, 179; ‘Venus’s Looking-Glass’, 253, 256, 279; Verses (1847), 24, 28, 31, 32, 33, 41, 179, 376, 415, 431; Verses (1893), 55, 392, 393, 395, 396, 397, 398, 400, 426; ‘Versi’, 48, 64; ‘The Watchers’, 56, 86; ‘The Water Spirit’s Song’, 22; ‘The Waves of this Troublesome World’, 201, 204;

‘The Way of the World’, 401; ‘Weary in Well-Doing’, 169; ‘“Weigh all my faults and follies righteously”’, 82; ‘What?’, 74; ‘What comes?’, 191; ‘“What good shall my life do me?”’, 116, 122; ‘“What is it Jesus saith unto the soul?”’, 55; ‘“What is that to thee? follow thou me”’, 165; ‘What Sappho Would Have Said Had Her Leap Cured Instead of Killing Her’, 42; ‘“Whatsoever is right, that shall ye receive”’, 109; ‘What to Do?’, 184; ‘What Would I Give?’, 163; ‘When Harvest failed’, 110; ‘When I am dead, my dearest’, see ‘Song (“When I am dead, my dearest”)’; ‘When I was dead my spirit turned’, 133; ‘“When my heart is vexed I will complain”’, 84; ‘Whitsun Eve’, 74; ‘“The whole head is sick, and the whole heart faint”’, 35; ‘Who Shall Deliver Me?’, 164, 188; ‘“Who would wish back the saints upon our rough”’, 141, 152; ‘Wife to Husband’, 136; ‘Winter: My Secret’, 111; ‘Winter Rain’, 120; ‘A Wintry Sonnet’, 343, 348; ‘Wishes: / Sonnet’, 33; ‘Within the Veil’, 141, 215; ‘The World’, 85; ‘The World’s Harmonies’, 34; ‘A Yawn’, 117, 178; ‘“Yea, I have a goodly heritage”’, 384; ‘A Year Afterwards’, 54; ‘A Year’s Windfalls’, 156; ‘“Ye have forgotten the exhortation”’, 84; ‘Yet a little while’, 116; ‘Yet a little while’ (“Heaven is not far, tho’ far the sky”), 296, 300; ‘Young Death’, 185; ‘“Young men aye were fickle found / Since summer trees were leafy”’, 34; ‘Young Plants and Polished Corners’, see Called to be Saints;

466 Index Rossetti, Christina G. – continued ‘Zara (“I dreamed that loving me he would love on”)’, 89; ‘Zara (“The pale sad face of her I wronged”)’, 38; ‘“Zion Said”’, 95 memorial window: 356, 357, 415, 416, 417 musical settings: 171, 192, 195, 199, 203, 217, 235, 247, 315, 318, 322, 362, 382 periodical contributions: Argosy, 188, 189, 208, 256, 258, 265, 273; Atalanta, 374, 376, 384; The Athenaeum, 41, 290, 291, 295, 336, 338, 341, 343, 347, 351, 383; Blackwood’s Magazine, 86, 130; The Bouquet, Culled from Marylebone Gardens, 64, 65, 66, 67, 72; Century Guild Hobby Horse, 370, 375; Century Magazine, 349, 355, 356; Churchman’s Shilling Magazine, 201, 203, 204, 205; Cornhill Magazine, 126, 133, 134, 210; The Crayon, 99, 100; The Dawn of the Day, 342; Dublin University Magazine, 296, 300, 303; English Woman’s Journal, 137, 140, 159; Fraser’s Magazine, 87; Harper’s Magazine, 344; Literary Opinion, 388, 389, 390; Magazine of Art, 376, 384, 401; National Magazine, 110; ‘New and Old’; For Seed-Time and Harvest, 374, 380; Notes & Queries, 157, 258; Once a Week, 121, 122, 124, 149; Our Paper: A Monthly Serial, 89; St Nicholas Magazine, 277, 359; Scribner’s Monthly, 243, 246, 254, 256; Shilling Magazine, 179, 182; Victoria Magazine, 163; Wide-Awake, 334, 343, 362, 364 pseudonyms: 53, 54, 64, 65 spiritualism: 161, 171, 173 translations: ‘“Animuccia, vagantuccia, morbiduccia”’, 280; Mallet du Pan, Jacques, 65;

‘“Soul rudderless, unbraced”’, 280; The Terra-Cotta Architecture of North Italy, 187, 193, 195, 198, 201 Rossetti, Dante Gabriel (DGR) artworks: The Annunciation (S.69), 118; see also Ecce Ancilla Domini!; furniture design and decorative art, stained glass; Arabian Nights (S.7), 14; Arthur’s Tomb (S.73), 93, 94, 122, 172, 299; Aspasia Teaching Socrates to Dance (S.176), 163, 184; Aspecta Medusa (S.183), 172, 203, 205, 206, 208, 209, provenance, 210, 357; Astarte Syriaca (S.249), 272, 275, 278, 280, 281, 288, 289, 290, 308, 347, 348, 357, exhibits, 291, provenance, 275, 278, 313, 387; Ballad of Fair Annie (S.68), 88; Beata Beatrix (S.168), 161, 162, 196, 216, 245, 252, 253, 256, 289, 304, 310, 315, 317, 337, provenance, 192, 237, 306, 349, 352, 375, 386; Beatrice Meeting Dante at a Marriage Feast, Denies him her Salutation (S.50), 60, 61, 63, 98, 125, exhibits, 69, 98, provenance, 95; Beatrice (S.256), 308; Before the Battle (S.106), 113, 115, 124; Belcolore (S.160), 157, 207; Bella e Buona, see Il Ramoscello; The Beloved (S.182), 125, 153, 161, 169, 172, 179, 256, exhibits, 189; Bethlehem Gate (S.159), 60, 142, 148, 153; Blanziﬁore (S.227), 256; The Blessed Damozel (S.244), 216, 256, 272, 278, 280, 281, 285, 288, 298, 301, 302, exhibits, 310, models, 277, provenance, 103, 237, 259, 283, 318, 319, 320, 322, 323, 324, 325; The Blue Bower (S.178), 178, 185, 261, 310; The Blue Closet (S.90), 105, 107, 129, 164; The Boat of Love

Index 467 (S.239), 52, 88, 245, 264, 283, provenance, 165, 184, 247, 263, 324, 325, 349; Boatmen and Siren (S.63), 70, 83; Bocca Bociata (S.114), 122, 123, 126, 129; Bonifazio’s Mistress (S.121), 96, 125, 131; Borgia (S.48), 51, 83, 112, 118, 126, 153, exhibits, 120, provenance, 66; Bottles (S.31), 37; The Bower Garden (S.112), 119; The Bower Maiden, see Marigolds; The Bower Meadow (S.229), 245, 247, 250; Bruna Brunelleschi (S.251), 301, 304; Burd Alane (S.144), 129, 145; Carlisle Wall (S.60), 75; Cassandra (S.127), 132, 172, 246, 313; Chapel Before the Lists (S.99), 97, 105, 164, 173; A Christmas Carol (S.98), 111, 122; (S.195), 199, 291; Countess of Carlisle (S.280), 226; (S.281), 233; The Damsel of the Sanct Grael (S.91), 105, 164, 269, 271; Dante at Verona (S.55), 66; Dante Drawing An Angel on the First Anniversary of the Death of Beatrice, see First Anniversary of the Death of Beatrice; Dante’s Dream at the Time of the Death of Beatrice (S.81), 99, 159, 160, 164, 206, 230, 234, 251, 257, 261, 269, 291, 310, 311, 312, 314, 317, 321, 330, 334, 339, 348, 361, exhibits, 107, 111, 245, 256, 332, 335, 354, models, 98, provenance, 101, 210, 249, 261, 264, 278, 283, 303, 304, 305, 310, 313, 324, 333; Dante’s Vision of Matilda Gathering Flowers (S.72), 93, 94; Dante’s Vision of Rachel and Leah (S.74), 93, 95, 98; Dantis Amor (S.117), 125; The Day-Dream (Vanna Primavera) (S.259), 308, 311, 314, 317, 318, 321, 322, 324, provenance, 313; Death of Breuze Sans Pitié (S.101), 105,

164, 173; The Death of Lady Macbeth (S.242), 272, 280; Desdemona’s Death-Song (S.254), 226, 264, 272, 280, 299, 308, 314, 317, models, 312, 330, 333, provenance, 258; Dîs Manibus, see Roman Widow; Dorothy and Theophilus (S.43), 42; Dr Johnson at the Mitre (S.119), 128, 137, 145; The Dulcimer (S.248A), 289; Eating of the Passover (S.78), 80; Ecce Ancilla Domini! (The Annunciation) (S.44), 44, 50, 55, 57, 58–9, 71, 72, 306, 310, 367, exhibits, 55, 63, models, 49, 50, 51, 55, provenance, 91, 267, 366; Fair Rosamund (S.128), 137, 145; The Farmer’s Daughter (S.158), 142, 145, 214; Faust: Faust and Margaret in Prison (S.82), 96; Faust: Gretchen and Mephistopheles in the Church (S.34), 36, 38; Faust: Margaret in the Church (S.35), 36; Faust: Mephistopheles outside Gretchen’s Cell (S.17), 29; Fazio’s Mistress (S.164), 159, 161, 201; Fiammetta (S.192), 196; see also A Vision of Fiammetta; First Anniversary of the Death of Beatrice (S.42), 40, 41, 42, 61; (S.58), 68, 74, 77, 91, 117, 160; The First Madness of Ophelia (S.169), 165; Forced Music (S.247), 289; Found (S.64), 80, 82, 85, 86, 87, 88, 90, 131, 138, 226, 231, 277, 281, 310, 314, 317, 323, 326, 327, 346, 401, exhibits, 124, 324, models, 96, provenance, 74, 135, 137, 202, 204, 224, 283, 324; Fra Angelico Painting (S.694), 71; Fra Pace (S.80), 94, 97, 98; The Gate of Memory (S.100), 105, 163; Genevieve (S.38), 39; The German Lesson (S.603), see portraits, JM; Giorgione Painting (S.695), 71;

468 Index Rossetti, Dante Gabriel (DGR) – continued Giotto Painting the Portrait of Dante (S.54), 50, 66, 69, 119, 355; Girl at a Lattice (S.152), 145, 148; The Girlhood of Mary Virgin (S.40), 39, 41, 45, 53, 79, exhibits, 43, models, 41, 45, provenance, 44, 119, 169, 193; Girl Singing to a Lute (S.59), 70, 75, 120; Golden Water (S.107), 112; Hamlet and Ophelia (S.108), 86, 112, 120; (S.189), 187, 313; The Heart of the Night, see Mariana in the South; Heartsease (S.194), 187; Helen of Troy (S.163), 153, 155, 157, 163; Hermia and Helena (S.26), 27; Hero 291, 298, 323; Hesterna Rosa (S.57), 66, 70, 170, 172; ‘Hist!’ said Kate the Queen (S.49), 39, 44, 60, 100; How Sir Galahad, Sir Bors and Sir Percival were Fed with the Sanc Grael (S.94), 105, 162; see also murals, Oxford Union; How They Met Themselves (S.118), 60, 128, 133, 162, 201; Il Ramoscello (Bella e Buona) (S.181), 172, 256; Joan of Arc (S.162), 149, 151, 155, 162, 335, 337, 339, provenance, 150, 168, 201, 306; Jolie Coeur (S.196), 197; Joseph Accused Before Potiphar (S.122), 125; King Arthur and the Weeping Queens (S.84), 96, 117; King René’s Honeymoon (S.175), 165; see also furniture design and decorative art; La Bella Mano (S.240), 271, 273, 275, provenance, 279, 281; La Belle Dame sans Merci, (S.32), 37; (S.76), 52, 88, 99, 119, 126; La Bionda del Balcone (S.114 R1), 213, 291; The Laboratory (S.41), 42; La Donna della Fiamma (S.216), 216, 226, 254; La Donna della Finestra (S.255), 226, 289, 302, 310, 312, 325,

provenance, 311, 318, 401; Lady in a Blue Dress (S.260D), 245; Lady Greensleeves, see My Lady Greensleeves; Lady Lilith (S.205), 162, 173, 187, 198, 211, 283, models, 209, provenance, 193, 254, 343, 401; The Lady of Shalott (S.85), 96, 106; La Ghirlandata (S.232), 256, 262, 275, 281, exhibits, 310, models, 260, 261, provenance, 260; La Pia de’ Tolomei (S.207), 172, 198, 208, 211, 214, 226, models, 201, 209, provenance, 209, 247, 260, 262, 275, 321, 323; La Tomba (S.11), 18; Ligea Siren (S.234), 257, 258, 260, 324; Love’s Greeting (S.126), 132; The Loving Cup (S.201), 197, 201, 245, 257, 266, 350; Lucrezia Borgia (S.124), 125, 132, 209, 236, 254, 256, exhibits, 126, provenance, 268, 269; Madonna Pietra (S.237), 264, 275; Maids of Elfen-Mere (S.67), 86, 89, 90, 92, 97, 165; Mariana (S.213), 148, 207, 211, 224, 226; Mariana in the South (The Heart of the Night) (S.86), 96, 103, 142, 269; Maries at the Foot of the Cross (S.52), 66; Marigolds (The Bower Maiden) (S.235), 250, 256, 260, 265; Mary in the House of St John (S.110), 74, 112, 116, 117, 118, 119, exhibits, 120, provenance, 352; Mary Magdalene at the Door of Simon the Pharisee (S.109), 75, 85, 120, 172, 281, 345, models, 115, provenance, 74, 119–20, 258, 270; Mary Magdalene Leaving the House of Feasting (S.88), 105; Mary Magdalene (S.250), 198, 289, 313; see also stained glass; Mary Nazarene (S.87), 105, 107; The Meeting of Dante and Beatrice in the Garden of Eden,

Index 469 see The Meeting of Dante and Beatrice in Paradise (S.116D); The Meeting of Dante and Beatrice in Paradise (S.116D), 58, 70, 71; see also furniture design and decorative art; The Salutation of Beatrice; The Merciless Lady (S.177), 172; Michael Scott’s Wooing, 198, 236; (S.56), 70; (S.222), 216, 222, 226; The Miraculous Draught of Fishes (FRC 102), 13; Mnemosyne (S.261), 280, 284, 310, 327; Monna Pomona (S.171), 164; Monna Rosa (S.153), 142, 263; (S.198), 202; Monna Vanna (S.191), 193, 256; Morning Music (S.170), 162, 197; The Ms at Ems (S.605), see portraits, JM; My Lady Greensleeves (S.113), 119; (S.161), 156, 182; The Nativity (S.71), 92, 94; Orpheus and Eurydice (S.243), 272, 275; Pandora (S.224), 216, 236, 301, 308, 309, models, 214, 217, provenance, 224, 275; Paolo and Francesca da Rimini (S.75), 27, 50, 71, 99, 142, 201, exhibits, 98, provenance, 95, 98, 151, 164; Passover in the Holy Family (S.78), 50, 93, 95, 97, 356, 359; Penelope (S.210), 220; Perlascura (S.225), 236, 289, 303; Physical Condition and Mental Attitude, 196; The Portrait (S.212), 216; portraits, AB, 152; ACS, 128, 132; Alderson-Smith, Mrs, 272; AMH, 71; Beyer, Mrs, 142; Burrell (child), 132; Burton, Miss, 176; CAH, 172; Calder Campbell, Robert, 42–3; CBC, 70; CGR, 27, 31, 36, 52, 68, 142, 180, 187, 193, 277, 294, 295, 407; Cornforth, Fanny, 122, 125, 142, 149, 152, 187, 207, 264; Coronio, Aglaia, 225; Coronio, Calliope, 216; CP, 44,

75; Dalrymple, Lady, 112; Deverell, Ruding W., 79; Deverell, Wykeham, 81; EBB, 94; EES, 51, 66, 70, 79, 80, 84, 86, 90, 92, 95, 101, 125, 132, 136, 195, 348, 357, 418, 419; EMB, 74, 130, 196, 256; EP, 66, 96; FMB, 99, 196, 408; FMLR, 68, 71, 74, 80, 85, 189, 193, 208, 294, 295, 407; GCT, 285; GGH, 245, 252; GP, 38, 74; GPB, 118; GR, 70, 74, 346; Graham, Frances, 216; Graham, Willie, 224; Heaton, Mary, 139; Heaton, Winifred, 139; Herbert, Louisa Ruth, 112, 118; HFP, 91; Hopley, Susan, 15; HP, 41, 153; JEM, 60, 70; JM, 105, 110, 112, 131, 164, 172, 180, 207, 209, 216, 220, 221, 226, 231, 233, 234, 235, 238, 246, 254, 256, 263, 272, 273, 276; KH, 216; Leathart, Maria, 142, 152; LMB, 196, 269, 394; Lyster, Alfred Chaworth, 92; Maenza, Guiseppe, 127; Manetti, Agnes, 142; Marks, Mrs Murray, 207; Marshall, Peter Paul, 196; Miller, Annie, 125, 126; Morris, May, 245, 254; MS, 221; Nicholson, Mary, 96; Northampton, Marchioness of, 264; Orme, Emily Rosaline, 66; Parke, Louisa Jane, 88; Pearce, W. W., 70; Pollen, Mrs John Hungerford, 105; RB, 94, 95; Robertson, Miss, 187; Ruskin, John, 88, 115, 132; Smith, Ellen, 156, 180, 198; Tebbs, Emily, 226; Tennyson, Alfred Lord, 94, 419; TGH, 252, 253; Thompson, Margaret, 69; TPR, 69; TWD, 264; Vernon, Ada, 153; WA, 82; Warington Taylor, George, 196; WBS, 68, 294; Wells, Joanna Mary, 137; WHH, 60, 70, 73, 196; Wilding, Alexa, 187, 201, 207, 245, 256; WM, 105, 196;

470 Index Rossetti, Dante Gabriel (DGR) – continued WMR, 27, 70, 71; Woolner, Thomas, 52, 67, 70; Zambaco, Maria, 216, 226; Princess Sabra Drawing the Lot (S.146), 299; see also stained glass; The Prisoner’s Daughter (S.218), 226; Proserpine (S.233), 236, 256, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 270, 275, 283, 309, 335, 337, 339, exhibits, 302, models, 258, provenance, 258, 260, 261, 265, 269, 297, 301, 304, 305, 306, 333; Queen of Beauty, 180, 181, 186; The Queen’s Page (S.66), 85, 166; The Question (S.241), 274, 275, 334–5, 340; Rachel and Leah, see Dante’s Vision of Rachel and Leah; The Raven: Angel Footfalls (S.19), 29, 31; ‘Red Lion Mary’, see portraits, Nicholson, Mary; Regina Cordium (S.120), 125, 129, 132, 144; (S.129), 139; (S.190), 187; Resolution; or The Infant Hercules, see portraits, WM; Retro me Sathana (S.37), 31, 38; The Return of Tibullus to Delia (S.62), 60, 63, 70, 88, 96, 132, models, 65, provenance, 173, 199, 203, 209, 214, 357; Reverie (S.206), 207, 208; Rienzi, the Last of the Tribunes (FRC 77), 15; Risen at Dawn (S.253), 207, 296, 305, 306, 337; Roman de la Rose (S.126 R1), 162; Roman Widow (Dîs Manibus) (S.236), 260, 262, 264, 266, 267, 269, 275, 283; Romaunt of Margaret (S.25), 27; Rosa Triplex (S.238), 172, 198, 265, 269, 337; The Rose Garden (S.125), 140; The Roseleaf (S.215), 226; The Rose (S.199), 197; Rossovestita (S.45), 50, 51, 55, 69; Ruth and Boaz (S.70), 88; St Catherine (S.89), 105, 114, 119; St Cecilia (S.83), 96, 102, 105,

256; St George and the Princess Sabra (S.151), 141, 144; see also stained glass; The Wedding of St George and the Princess Sabra (S.97); St John Comforting the Virgin at the Foot of the Cross (S.104), 105, 148; St Luke the Painter (S.102), 105; The Salutation of Beatrice (S.116), see furniture design and decorative art; The Salutation of Beatrice (S.260), 280, 317, 318, 324, 337, 338, 356, provenance, 328; Sancta Lilias (S.257), 256, 269, 285, 315; The Saracens Seizing Isaac, the Jew of York, by order of Front de Boeuf (FRC 76), 12; A Sea-Spell (S.248), 275, 283, 289, 291, 304, 310, 338, 344, provenance, 305, 306, 348; Seed of David (S.105), 96, 115, 119, 132, 138, 162, 166, 193, exhibits, 118, 139, models, 128; see also Llandaff Cathedral; self-portraits, 32, 70, 71, 93, 125, 139, 196, 226, 407; Sibylla Palmifera (S.193), 163, 187, 207, 211, 224, 226, provenance, 186, 219, 252, 401; Silence (S.214), 226, 233, 253, 254, 289; Sir Galahad and an Angel (S.96), 105; Sir Galahad at the Ruined Chapel (S.115), 96, 103, 122, 123; Sir Galahad, Sir Bors and Sir Percival Receiving the Sanc Grael, see murals, Oxford Union; Sir Lancelot in the Queen’s Chamber (S.95), 105, 120; Sir Tristram and La Belle Yseult Drinking the Love Potion (S.200), 204, 256; Sister Helen (S.220), 226; The Sleeper (S.29), 27; Sorrentino (S.10), 18, 22; The Spirit of the Rainbow (S.245), 280; ‘The Sun May Shine and We Be Cold’ (S.33), 38; Sweet Tooth (S.123), 142; Taurello’s First Sight of Fortune (S.39), 42;

Index 471 Tennyson Reading Maude, see portraits; Tessa la Bionda (S.203), 198; Three Sang of Love Together (S.184), 172; ‘To Caper Nimbly in a Lady’s Chamber’ (S.47), 51, 83, 118; Touchstone and Audrey (S.20), 30; Troy Town (S.219), 226; The Tune of the Seven Towers (S.92), 105, 164; Two Mothers (S.53), 66, 267; Ulalume (S.30), 31; ‘Uncle Tom’ (S.593), 66; Valancourt (FRC 108d), 13; Vanna Primavera, see The Day-Dream; Venus Astarte, see Astarte Syriaca; Venus Verticordia (S.173), 153, 166, 173, 198, 211, 230, provenance, 165, 168, 209, 372; Veronica Veronese (S.228), 245, 270, 275, 283, 289, 304, provenance, 247, 277, 426; Virgin and Child (S.689), 69; The Virgin Mary being Comforted (S.51), 66; A Vision of Fiammetta (S.252), 196, 289, 299, 301, 302, 304, models, 297, provenance, 297, 305; Washing Hands (S.179), 170, 184; Water Willow (S.226), 236, 295, 297, 302; The Wedding of St George and the Princess Sabra (S.97), 105, 111; The Wedding of St George (S.150.R1), 165; William and Marie (FRC 83), 15; Woman Combing her Hair (S.174), 162; Woman in Yellow (S.165), 153; Wood Nymph (S.223), 226; Writing on the Sand (S.111), 115, 119, binding designs, 172, 173, 174, 180, 217, 225, 227, 231, 239, 240, 253, 330 exhibitions: Burlington Fine Arts Club, 345, 346, 347, 348; Dudley Galleries, 422; Eighth Annual Loan Exhibition, 374; Free Exhibition, 43, 44, 55; Henry James Holding subscription-exhibition, 254;

Hogarth Club, 116, 118, 120, 121, 126; International Exhibition, 148, 150; Leighton House, 422, 423; Liverpool, 111, 122, 332, 333; Manchester, 302, 354; New Gallery, 411, 412, 413; Nottingham, 388; Pre-Raphaelite Exhibition, 107, 108–9; R.A., 342, 345, 347, 348; ‘The Rossetti Gallery’, 349 furniture design and decorative art: 102, 109, 115, 125, 132, 148, 150, 154, 162, 165, 166, 167; Dantis Amor (S.117), 172, 357; The Salutation of Beatrice (S.116), 102, 121; Threshing (S. 154), 142 illustrations: Day and Night Songs (WA), 85; GM (CGR), 138, 140, 141, 145, 147, 175; Music Master (WA), 84, 92; Poems by Alfred Tennyson (Moxon), 96, 101, 103, 106, 107, 117; PP (CGR), 179, 186, 189, 191 literary contributions: The Life of William Blake, 138, 142; see also Gilchrist, Alexander literary works: ‘Adieu’, 280; ‘After the French Liberation of Italy’, 119, 238; ‘After the German Subjugation of France’, 238; ‘Aladdin, or The Wonderful Lamp’, 9; ‘Alas, So Long’, 325; ‘Amiens’, 49; ‘Antwerp to Ghent’, 49; ‘Ardour and Memory’, 316, 318; ‘Ashore at Dover’, 49; ‘Aspecta Medusa’, 172, 203; ‘Astarte Syriaca’, 289, 291; ‘At Boulogne. Upon the Cliffs: Noon’, 47; ‘At the Station of the Versailles Railway’, 49; ‘At the Sun-Rise in 1848’, 36; ‘An Autopsychology’, 55; ‘Autumn Idleness’, 51, 222; ‘Autumn Song’ (‘The Fall of the Leaf’), 40, 290; ‘Ave’, 31; Ballads and Narrative Poems by Dante Gabriel Rossetti, 392, 395, 397, 414;

472 Index Rossetti, Dante Gabriel (DGR) – continued Ballads and Sonnets (B&S), 325, 328, 329, 330, 331, 334, 335, 337, 343, 365, 425; ‘Bambino Fasciato’, 272; ‘Barcarola’, 272; ‘Barren Spring’, 226, 233; ‘Beauty and the Bird’, 88; ‘Beauty’s Pageant’, 236; ‘Between Ghent and Bruges’, 49; ‘Between Ightham and Sevenoaks’, 58; ‘The Birth-Bond’, 86; ‘Blake’, 42; ‘The Blessed Damozel’, 31, 34, 37, 51, 54, 94, 102, 108, 233; ‘Blighted Promise’, 228; ‘Body’s Beauty’, 211; ‘Boulogne to Amiens and Paris’, 47; bouts-rimés, 45; ‘Bridal Birth’, 215; ‘Bride-Chamber Talk’, 42, 46, 50, 52, 130, 138; see also ‘The Bride’s Prelude’; ‘The Bride’s Prelude’, 36, 119, 335; ‘Broken Music’, 66, 217; ‘The Burden of Nineveh’, 58, 80, 101; ‘The Can-Can at Valentino’s’, 48; ‘The Card-Dealer’, 42, 68, 222, 233; ‘The Carillon (Antwerp and Bruges)’, 49, 54; ‘Cassandra’, 222; ‘Chimes’, 299, 334; ‘The Choice, 36; ‘The Choice II, 233; ‘The Church-Porches’ (I & II), 70, 334; ‘Cleopatra’s Needle in London’, 326; ‘Cloud and Wind’, 236; ‘The Cloud Conﬁnes’, 246, 257, 334; ‘Con manto d’oro’, 197; ‘Czar Alexander II’, 329; ‘Dante at Verona’, 36, 54, 141, 215, 224, 228; ‘Dante in Exile’, 42; ‘Dantis Tenebrae (In Memory of my Father)’, 132; ‘A Dark Day’, 89; ‘Dawn on the Night-Journey’, 95; ‘The Day-Dream’, 322; ‘A Day of Love’, 225; ‘Death-in-Love’, 215; ‘A Death-Parting’, 280; ‘Death’s Songsters’, 226; ‘Del mare il susurro sonoro’, 299; ‘Dennis

Shand’, 51, 230, 344; ‘Der Arme Heinrich’, 380; ‘Deuced Odd; Or the Devil’s In It’, 60; ‘The Doom of the Sirens’, 215, 235; ‘During Music’, 60; ‘Eden Bower’, 221, 222, 226, 376; ‘The End of It’, 26; ‘English May’, 215; ‘The English Revolution of 1848’, 36; ‘Epitaph for Keats’, 31; ‘Equal Troth’, 236; ‘Et les larmes’, 272; ‘Even So’, 119, 228; ‘Farewell to the Glen’, 222; ‘Fiammetta (For a Picture)’, 305; ‘First Love Remembered’, 215; ‘First Snow’, see ‘Sonnet to Thomas Woolner’; ‘Five English Poets’, 322; ‘For a Marriage of St. Catherine, by the Same’, 49; ‘For an Allegorical Dance of Women, by Andrea Mantegna’, 48; ‘For an Annunciation, Early German’, 31; ‘For a Portrait of Mrs William Morris’, 207; ‘For a Venetian Pastoral, by Giorgione’, 48; ‘For a Virgin and Child, by Hans Memmelinck’, 49; ‘For the Holy Family, by Michelangelo’, 324, 325; ‘For Our Lady of the Rocks, by Leonardo da Vinci’, 36; ‘For Ruggiero and Angelica, by Ingres’, 48; ‘For Spring, by Sandro Botticelli’, 324; ‘For The Wine of Circe, by Edward Burne-Jones’, 228, 233; ‘Found’, 327; ‘4 Hours’, 49; ‘The Free Companions: A Tale of the Days of King Stephen’, 18; ‘From the Cliffs: Noon’, 54; ‘From Dawn to Noon’, 255; ‘From Paris to Brussels’, 48; ‘The Gay Goshawk’, 85; ‘Genius in Beauty’, 236; ‘Gioventù e Signorìa’, 236; ‘The Girlhood of Mary Virgin’, 41; ‘A golden robe’, 197; ‘Gracious Moonlight’, 236; ‘A Ground-Swell’, 215; ‘A Half-Way Pause’, 49; ‘Hand and Soul’, 50, 51, 52, 55, 108, 224,

Index 473 230, 235, 376, 380, 410, 417; ‘He and I’, 226; ‘The Heart of the Night’, 255; ‘Heart’s Compass’, 236; ‘Heart’s Hope’, 236; ‘Her Gifts’, 236; ‘Hero’s Lamp’, 272; ‘Herself’, 324; ‘The Hill Summit’, 76, 87, 222; ‘Hoarded Joy’, 226; ‘The Honeysuckle’, 76; ‘Hope Overtaken’, 236; The House of Life (HL), 228, 319, 324, 326, 330, 331, 335, 413, 416, 417, 425; ‘Il faut que tu le tiennes pour dit’, 272; ‘Inclusiveness’, 215, 217; ‘Insomnia’, 325; ‘In the Train, and at Versailles’, 49; ‘Jan Van Hunks’, 339, 340, 365, 409, 440; ‘Jenny’, 36, 112, 130, 215, 223, 224, 325, 417; ‘John Keats’, 318; see also ‘Five English Poets’, ‘The King’s Tragedy’, 324, 327, 328, 334; ‘The Kiss’, 215; ‘Known in Vain’, 71, 217; ‘La Bella Mano’, 269, 272, 276; ‘The Lady’s Lament’, 36; ‘The Laird of Waristoun’, 132; ‘The Lamp’s Shrine’, 236; ‘The Landmark’, 80, 217; ‘La Soeur Morte’, 45; ‘The Lass of Lochroyan’, 85; ‘A Last Confession’, 42, 222, 224, 228, 233, 299, 325; ‘Last Fire’, 236; ‘Last Sonnets at Paris’, 48; ‘The Last Three from Trafalgar’, 299, 323; ‘Last Visit to the Louvre’, 48; ‘Last Visit to the Luxembourg’ (‘For Roger Rescuing Angelica’), 48; ‘L’Envoi: Brussels, Hôtel du Midi’, 49; ‘Life the Beloved’, 255; ‘Life-in-Love’, 226; ‘Lines and Music’, 51; ‘A Little While’, 119; ‘London to Folkestone’, 47; ‘Lord Thomas and Fair Annie’, 84; ‘Lost on Both Sides’, 85, 217; ‘Lost Days’, 142, 217; ‘Love and Hope’, 236; ‘Love Enthroned’, 236; ‘The Love-Letter’, 225; ‘Love-Lily’, 219; ‘The Love-Moon’, 215; ‘Love’s Baubles’, 225; ‘Love’s Fatality’, 236; ‘Lovesight’, 215;

‘Love’s Last Gift’, 236; ‘Love’s Lovers’, 215; ‘Love’s Nocturn’, 80, 108, 221; ‘Love’s Testament’, 215; ‘Love-Sweetness’, 225; ‘Mac Cracken’, 78; ‘Maclise’s Character-Portraits’, 306; ‘Mary Magdalene at the House of Simon the Pharisee’, 222; ‘A Match with the Moon’, 80, 222; ‘Mater Pulchræ Delectionis’, 31, 34; ‘Memory’, 317; ‘Michael Scott’s Wooing’, 215, 281, 331, 409; ‘Michelangelo’s Kiss’, 324, 326, 327; ‘Mid-Rapture’, 236; ‘The Mirror’, 51; ‘Mnemosyne’, 317; ‘The Monochord’, 226; ‘The Moonstar’, 236; ‘The Morrow’s Message’, 215; ‘My Sister’s Sleep’, 31, 34, 38, 40, 46, 50, 52, 222; ‘Nearest of Kin’, 86; ‘Newborn Death’ (I–II), 215, 217; ‘A New Year’s Burden’, 119, 228; ‘Nuptial Sleep’, 215, 221, 328, 334; ‘Offering to Lancashire’, 153; ‘Of Life, Love and Death: Sixteen Sonnets’, 217; ‘Old and New Art (Not as These; St Luke the Painter; The Husbandmen)’, 36, 42, 322; ‘An Old Song Ended’, 215; ‘On a Handful of French Money’, 71; ‘On Browning’s Sordello’, 61; ‘On Certain Elizabethan Revivals’, 182, 495; ‘The One Hope’, 325; ‘On Leaving Bruges’, 71; ‘On Mary’s Portrait’, 44; ‘On the Field of Waterloo’, 70; ‘On the Refusal of Aid between Nations’, 66; ‘On the Road’, 70; ‘On the Road to Waterloo’, 70; ‘On the Site of a Mulberry-Tree, Planted by William Shakespear’, 110, 342, 482; ‘On the Vita Nuova of Dante’, 94; ‘The Orchard Pit’, 215, 222, 223; ‘Pandora’, 217; ‘Parted Love’, 221, 222; ‘Parted Presence’, 272; ‘Passion and Worship’, 225; ‘The Passover in the Holy Family’, 197, 222;

474 Index Rossetti, Dante Gabriel (DGR) – continued ‘Pax Vobis’, 56; see also ‘World’s Worth’; ‘Penumbra’, 70, 222, 228; ‘Percy Bysshe Shelley’, 320, 329; ‘Place de la Bastille, Paris’, 48, 325; ‘Pleasure and Memory’, 316; ‘Plighted Promise’, 172; Poems (1870), 102, 128, 130, 131, 225, 226, 227, 228, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 238, 242, 299, 328, 442; Poems (1872), 245; Poems (1873), 255; Poems (1881), 315, 324, 325, 326, 328, 329, 330, 334, 335, 338, 351, 361, 365; ‘The Portrait’, 31, 131, 207, 228; ‘Possession’, 325; ‘A Prayer’, 27; ‘Pride of Youth’, 236, 317; ‘Proserpina’, 245, 269, 276; ‘The Question’, 340, 365, 409, 441; ‘Retro me, Sathana!’, 31; ‘Returning to Brussels’, 49; ‘Robe d’or’, 197; ‘Roderick and Rosalba: A Story of the Round Table’, 14, 18; ‘Rose Mary’, 307, 318; ‘Run and Won’, 217; see also ‘The Vase of Life’; ‘Sacred to the Memory of Algernon R. G. Stanhope’, 33; ‘St Agnes of Intercession’, 52, 55, 86, 108, 226, 340, 380; ‘St Luke the Painter’, see ‘Old and New Art’; ‘Samuel Palmer’, 272; ‘Samuel Taylor Coleridge’, 320; see also ‘Five English Poets’; ‘The Sea-Limits’, 42; ‘A Sea-Spell’, 215, 291; ‘Secret Parting’, 215; ‘Seed of David’, 162; ‘Severed Selves’, 236; ‘Shakespear’, 42; ‘Silent Noon’, 236; ‘Sir Hugh the Heron’, 15, 18, 368, 380, 414; ‘Sir Peter Paul Rubens’, 49; ‘Sister Helen’, 60, 80, 85, 104, 221, 223, 233, 313, 319, 334; ‘The Slave’, 9; ‘Sleepless Dreams’, 215, 217; ‘The Song of the Bower’, 125; ‘Song and Music’, 42, 222; Songs of the Art Catholic, 34, 440;

‘Songs of the Beryl Spirits’, 318; ‘The Song-Throe’, 319; ‘The Sonnet’, 318, 320; ‘Sonnets for Pictures’, 56; (see also individual titles: ‘For a Marriage of St. Catherine, by the Same’; ‘For an Allegorical Dance of Women, by Andrea Mantegna’; ‘For a Venetian Pastoral, by Giorgione’; ‘For a Virgin and Child, by Hans Memmelinck’); ‘For Ruggiero and Angelica, by Ingres’; ‘Sonnet to the P.R.B.’, 48; ‘Sonnet to Thomas Woolner’ (‘First Snow’), 72, 73; ‘Soothsay’, 317; ‘Sorrentino’, 20; ‘Soul-Light’, 236; ‘Soul’s Beauty’, 187, 211; ‘The Soul’s Sphere’, 255; ‘Spheral Change’, 325; ‘Spring’, 258, 268; ‘The Staff and Scrip’, 47, 60, 66, 103; ‘The Staircase of Notre Dame, Paris’, 48; ‘Stillborn Love’, 226; ‘Stratton Water’, 75, 87, 221; ‘The Stream’s Secret’, 222; ‘Sudden Light’, 84; ‘Sunset Wings’, 259; ‘The Sun’s Shame’, 215, 255; ‘A Superscription’, 207; ‘A Superstition’, 217; ‘Supreme Surrender’, 225; ‘Thomæ Fides’, 215; ‘Thomas Chatterton’, 320, 321; see also ‘Five English Poets’; ‘Three Shadows’, 280; ‘Tiber, Nile and Thames’, 326; ‘To Mary in Summer’, 31, 222; ‘To Philip Bourke Marston (in answer)’, 305; ‘Transﬁgured Life’, 255 ‘Trees of the Garden’, 272; Trial Books, 216, 223, 226; ‘Troy Town’, 222, 226; ‘True Woman’ (I–III), 324; ‘Twas thus’, 36; ‘Untimely Lost’, 271; ‘Vain Virtues’, 217; ‘The Vase of Life’, 215; see also ‘Run and Won’; ‘Venus Verticordia’, 208, 211; ‘Venus Victrix’, 236; ‘Verses to John L. Tupper’, 51; ‘Vox Ecclesiæ, Vox Christi’, 42; ‘Wellington’s Funeral’, 69, 131,

Index 475 230; ‘The White Ship’, 299, 319, 320, 321, 322, 325, 425; ‘William Blake’, 320, 324; see also ‘Five English Poets’; ‘William and Marie: A Ballad’, 15, 419; ‘Willow-wood’ (I–IV), 214, 217; ‘Winged Hours’, 215, 217; ‘Winter’, 255, 268; ‘With golden mantle’, 197; ‘Without Her’, 236; ‘The Woodspurge’, 96; ‘Words on the Window-pane’, 70; ‘World’s Worth’, 42; see also ‘Pax Vobis’; ‘A Young Fir-Wood’, 58; ‘Youth and Lordship’, 236; ‘Youth’s Antiphony’, 236; ‘Youth’s Spring-Tribute’, 225; see also ‘Five English Poets’ memorials, 345, 351, 352, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 362, 363, 364, 365, 367, 373 mesmerism, 69, 162, 233, 286 murals: Oxford Union, 105, 109, 111, 112, 115, 129 musical settings: 40, 235, 290, 418; periodical contributions: Academy, 237, 341; The Athenaeum, 68, 144, 185, 259, 268, 271, 276, 291, 303, 309, 325, 329, 341; Cornhill Magazine, 130, 133; The Critic, 58; Fortnightly Review, 217, 246, 258; New Monthly La Belle Assemblée, 40; North American Review, 308; Notes & Queries, 227, 305; Oxford and Cambridge Magazine, 101, 102, 103; Pall Mall Gazette, 218; Pall Mall Magazine, 397; The Spectator, 61, 64; The Times, 128 spiritualism, 113, 161, 162, 171, 185, 187, 210, 233, 250, 315 stained glass, 132, 139, 140, 142–3, 148, 154, 155, 156, 163, 173, 216, 226, 256, 317, 343 translations: Angiolieri Cecco da Siena, 42, 228; Boccaccio, Giovanni, 305; Bürger, Gottfried August, 23, 419; Dante and his Circle, 258, 264, 388; Dante Alighieri, ‘Francesca da Rimini’,

299, 309; Il Convito, 46; ‘La Pia’, 317; La Vita Nuova, 59, 64, 133, 187, 442; EIP, 24, 58, 86, 101, 114, 115, 122, 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 139, 140–1, 141, 143, 166, 177, 259, 264; GP, 70; Hugo, Victor, 31; Leopardi, Giacomo, 215; Mallet du Pan, Jacques, 60, 65; Nibelungenlied, 26; old French, 215; Polidori, Francesco, 70; Roman de la Rose, 51, 440; Sappho, 215; Tommaseo, Niccolo, 36, 268; Villon, François, 218, 226; von Aue, 27, 429; von Goethe, Johann Wolfgang, 187 Rossetti, Dora (née Lewis), 422, 424, 432, 437 Rossetti, Elizabeth, see Siddal, Elizabeth Eleanor Rossetti, Frances Maria Lavinia (FMLR) literary works: 4, 5, 21, 95, 138, 274, 287, 297; diary: 12, 23, 24 Rossetti, Gabriel Arthur Madox, 290, 348, 369, 371, 372, 398, 400, 422, 432, 437, 444 Rossetti, Gabriele Pasquale Giuseppe (GR) literary works: 149, 191, 224, 308, 320, 348; Discorso Inaugurale per la Cattedra di Lingua e Letteratura Italiana bel Collegio del Re, 8; Disquisitions on the Anti-Papal Spirit which Produced the Reformation, 9; Iddio e l’Uomo, Salterio, 8; Il Corsaro, Scene melodrammatiche con cori, tratte dal Corsaro di Lord Byron, 8; Il Mistero dell’Amor Platonico del medio evo derivato dai misteri antichi, 14, 16, 383; Il tempo, ovvero Dio e l’Uomo, salterio, 18, 35, 371, 386; Il Veggente in solitudine, poema polimetro, 28, 191; ‘Impromptu Toast’, 7; Inferno: La Divina Commedia: Con commento analitico, 6; La Beatrice di Dante, 16;

476 Index Rossetti, Gabriele Pasquale Giuseppe (GR) – continued L’Arpa Evangelica, 66, 77, 191, 371; La Vita Mia, 438; ‘Letters to Ricciardi’, 308; ‘Lisa ed Elviro’, 18; Medora e Corrado: Cantata Melodrammatica con cori: Tratta dal Corsaro di Lord Byron, 8; Poesie scelte, 36, 132; Roma verso la Metà del Secolo decimonono; considerazione, 14; Sei pur bella, 5; Sullo Spirito Antipapale che produsse la Riforma, 8; Versi, 3, 32, 371 Rossetti, Geoffrey William, 424 Rossetti, Harold, 437 Rossetti, Helen Maria M., see Angeli, Helen Rossetti Rossetti, Lucy Madox Brown, see Brown, Lucy Madox Rossetti, Lucy Margaret, 432 Rossetti, Maria Francesca (MFR) literary works: Aneddoti Italiana, 198, 390; ‘Daughter of Jairus’, 15; ‘Epitaph on a Thrush’, 11; Exercises in Idiomatic Italian, 174, 198, 200, 213, 390; Letters to My Bible Class on Thirty-nine Sundays, 126, 131, 245, 246, 249; ‘Pews: a Colloquy. “One with Another”’, 256; The Rivulets, 20, 28, 30, 380; A Shadow of Dante, 229, 235, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 244, 247, 248, 251, 252, 285, 304, 323, 347, 367, 369, 373, 376, 382, 384, 386, 387, 391, 397, 399, 403, 404; Vision of Human Life, 20 periodical contributions: Academy, 288; The Athenaeum, 288; ‘New and Old’; For Seed-Time and Harvest, 256; North American Review, 251; Notes & Queries, 152 translations: Campana, G. P., 15, 28, 33; The Day Hours and Other Ofﬁces as Used by the Sisters of All Saints, 272; GR, 16; Mallet du Pan, Jacques, 65

Rossetti, Mary Elizabeth, 329, 358, 371, 396, 400, 418, 428, 429, 435, 436, 439, 444 Rossetti, Michael Ford M., 329, 346, 347 Rossetti, Olivia (‘Olive’) Frances, 276, 277, 302, 303, 309, 317, 319, 348, 361, 368, 369, 371, 372, 377, 380, 390, 396, 399, 400, 405, 407, 411, 412, 413, 416, 418, 423, 425, 429, 432, 434, 436, 444 Rossetti, William Michael (WMR) artworks: 30, 60, 73, 75, 110, 239, 370; Maude’s Madness, 45 contributions: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 281, 300, 330, 337, 345, 354, 360, 365, 430; Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography, 104; Life of Blake, 143; Oxford English Dictionary, 89, 105, 173; Political, Religious and Love Poems, 188; Queene Elizabethes Achademy, 216; Studies in European Literature, 420; Thames Set, 217 literary works: 45; ‘Abstract and Naturalism in Art’, 106; The Adonais of Shelley (ed.), 385, 425; American Poems (ed.), 246; ‘Animal-Design and Landscape’, 154; Artists’ Dicta on Art, 206; ‘The Bandieras’, 327; ‘Bibliography of the Works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, 424, 425, 430; ‘Blake at the Burlington Club’, 282; bouts-rimés, 31, 39; ‘British Institution’, 53; ‘Cavaignac, 327; ‘Census Paper’, 330; ‘Chartism’, 327; ‘Cheap Postage’, 326; ‘The Chinese Opium War’, 327; Christianity of Christ, 212; The Collected Works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti (CWDGR) (ed.), 364, 366, 368, 369, 370, 372, 374, 378, 381; The Complete Poetical Works of John Greenleaf Whittier (ed.), 308; The Complete Works of

Index 477 Shakespeare (ed.), 308; ‘Contrasts of Old and Modern Art’, 204; Cor Cordium, 245, 308, 338, 473; ‘Cordelia’, 54; ‘Czar Nicholas, 328; Dante Gabriel Rossetti: Classiﬁed Lists of His Writings with the Dates (ed.), 431; Dante Gabriel Rossetti: His Family Letters with a Memoir, vol. I (FLM) (ed.), 364, 401, 402, 404, 406, 408, 420; Dante Gabriel Rossetti: His Family Letters with a Memoir, vol. 2 (FLDGR) (ed.), 366, 401, 402, 404, 406, 408, 420; Dante Gabriel Rossetti as Designer and Writer (DAW), 337, 345, 360, 378, 379, 382, 385; ‘Dante Gabriel Rossetti as Translator – Two Letters’, 437; Dante and his Convito, 438, 439, 440; ‘Dante Rossetti and Elizabeth Siddal’, 425; ‘Democracy Downtrodden’, 42, 46; Democratic Sonnets, 238, 325, 326, 329, 330, 338, 430, 433; The Diary of John William Polidori 1816 (ed.), 421, 433, 440; Dicta of British Artists on Subjects of Art, 257; The Dwale Bluth, Hebditch’s Legacy, and other Literary Remains of O. M. Brown, 281; ‘English Opinion on the American War’, 189; ‘English Painters of the Present Day’, 234; ‘Exchange of News’, 48; ‘Exhibition of the Society of British Artists’, 55; ‘Externals of Sacred Art’, 107, 118; The Family Letters of Christina Georgina Rossetti (FLCGR) (ed.), 433, 434, 440; ‘Fancies at Leisure’, 54; ‘Felice Orsini’, 328; ‘Fenians’, 327; Fine Art, Chieﬂy Contemporary, 198, 202, 206; ‘Fine Art of the International Exhibition’, 150; ‘The First Season’, 52; ‘Ford Madox Brown: Characteristics’,

366; The Germ, 421; ‘Görgei’, 327; ‘Heine’, 328; ‘Hood’, 327; The House of Life (HL) (ed.), see Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, literary works, The House of Life; ‘Hungary and Europe’, 327; ‘In blue and sheeny surface rolls the sea’, 190; ‘In the Hill-Shadow’, 40; ‘Japanese Woodcuts’, 160; ‘Jesus Wept’, 56; ‘John Brown’, 328; ‘King Bomba’, 328; ‘La Maison Keys’, 275; ‘Lectures by Mr Ruskin’, 88; Life of John Keats, 370; Life of Titian, 257; Lives of Some Famous Poets, 294, 297, 300, 330, 361; ‘The London exhibitions of 1861’, 140; ‘Manin’, 327; ‘Metternich’, 327; ‘Mr Madox Brown’s Exhibition’, 180; ‘Mr Madox Brown’s Frescoes in Manchester’, 333; ‘Mrs Cameron’s Photographs’, 204; ‘Mrs Holmes Grey’, 46, 206, 208; ‘Napoleon’s Corpse’, 327; New Poems by Christina Rossetti (ed.), 408; ‘Notes on Rossetti and his Works’, 356; ‘Notes on the Royal Academy Exhibition’, 211; Permanent Photographs after the Works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti: With Explanatory Text, 420; ‘Plain Story of Life’, 53; Poems by the Late John Lucas Tupper (ed.), 411; The Poems of Dante Gabriel Rossetti (ed.), 427; Poems of Walt Whitman (ed.), 208, 220, 365; The Poetical Works of Alexander Pope (ed.), 256; The Poetical Works of Christina Rossetti (PWCGR) (ed.), 412, 413, 415, 418, 426, 427; The Poetical Works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti (ed.), 384, 385; The Poetical Works of Felicia Hemans (ed.), 256; The Poetical Works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (ed.), 227;

478 Index Rossetti, William Michael (WMR) – continued The Poetical Works of James Russell Lowell (ed.), 404; The Poetical Works of John Keats (ed.), 246; The Poetical Works of John Milton (ed.), 237, 249; The Poetical Works of Lord Byron (ed.), 219, 227; The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley with Notes and a Memoir (ed.), 210, 213–14, 216, 219, 220, 225, 227, 247, 281, 292, 296, 297, 300, 307, 365; The Poetical Works of Samuel T. Coleridge (ed.), 246; The Poetical Works of Sir Walter Scott (ed.), 227; The Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell (ed.), 237, 249; The Poetical Works of Thomas Hood (ed.), 237; The Poetical Works of Thomas Moore (ed.), 246; The Poetical Works of William Blake (ed.), 265; The Poetical Works of William Cowper (ed.), 246; The Poetical Works of William Wordsworth (ed.), 237; ‘The Portraits of Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, 378; ‘Pre-Raffaelitism’, 106; ‘The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood’, 325; ‘A Pre-Raphaelite Collection’, 409; Pre-Raphaelite Diaries and Letters (PRD), 419, 420; ‘Pre-Raphaelitism’, 64, 65; ‘Pre-Raphaelitism. Its Starting Point and Its Sequel’, 285; ‘Raimond and Matilda’, 14; ‘The Red Flag’, 327; Rossetti Papers: 1862 to 1870 (RP), 421, 425; ‘Royal Academy Exhibition’, 149; Ruskin, Rossetti and Pre-Raphaelitism: Papers 1854 to 1862 (RRP), 414, 417; ‘Ruskin as a Writer on Art’, 217; Selections of Humorous and Miscellaneous Poetry (ed.), 246; ‘Shelley in 1812-13’, 237; Shelley lectures, 273, 297, 301,

387; ‘Shelley’s Heart’, 238; Shelley’s Prometheus Unbound, 365; Some Reminiscences (SR), 422, 431, 432, 433, 440; ‘Some Scraps of Verse and Prose by Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, 416; Swinburne’s Poems and Ballads: A Criticism, 188, 199, 248; ‘Talks with Trelawny’, 343; Taurello Salinguerra, Muratori, and Browning, 370; ‘To the Castle Ramparts’, 56; ‘The Transvaal’, 327; ‘Truth about Shakespeare’, 365; ‘Tyrannicide’, 328; ‘Ulfred the Saxon, a Tale of the Conquest’, 18, 19; ‘William Bell Scott and Modern British Poetry’, 282; ‘The Wives of the Poets’, 315, 318, 325, 339; The Works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti (WDGR) (ed.), 440, 441 periodical contributions: Academy, 216, 248, 254, 256, 268, 275, 282, 283, 303, 306, 309; The Artist, 74, 89, 90; Art Journal, 356, 409; Art Monthly Review, 285; The Athenaeum, 40, 198, 213, 227, 259, 300, 303, 310, 340, 343, 346, 354, 355, 357, 358, 362, 367, 368, 380; Atlantic Monthly, 189, 325; Bibliographer, 424, 425; Broadway Annual, 208, 217; Broadway Magazine, 198, 205; Burlington Magazine, 425; Century Guild Hobby Horse, 366; The Chronicle, 198, 203, 204; Cornhill Magazine, 198; The Crayon, 91, 99, 118; The Critic, 52, 53, 54, 55; Dublin University Magazine, 294, 295, 301; The Edinburgh Guardian, 82; Edinburgh Weekly Review, 106, 107; Fine Arts Quarterly Review, 154, 163; Fortnightly Review, 237; Fraser’s Magazine, 132, 140, 149, 150, 154, 163, 180; London Review, 132, 143;

Index 479 Magazine of Art, 325, 378; Morning Post, 210; New York Citizen, 203; North British Review, 216; Notes & Queries, 144–5, 210, 216; Pall Mall Gazette, 173, 365, 416; Portfolio, 216, 234; Reader, 154, 160; Revue Contemporaine, 360, 365; Saturday Review, 112; Sewanee Review, 437; The Spectator, 52, 58, 61, 62, 65, 81, 85, 86, 88, 148; Weekly Critic, 20; Weldon’s Register, 126, 132 spiritualism, 54, 161, 171, 173, 185, 187, 188, 191, 194, 210, 233, 244, 250 translations: Boccaccio, Giovanni, 245, 273, 345; Dante Alighieri, La Divina Commedia, 66, 105, 158, 169, 173, 174, 180, 188, 206, 419; La Vita Nuova, 426; Giovagnoli, 276; GR, 412, 421; Mallet du Pan, Jacques, 65 Rothenstein, Alice, 444 Rothenstein, William, 436 Routledge, Edmund, 205 Routledge, George, 83 Routledge Publishing, 206, 239, 358 Rovedino, Elizabeth Tommasina, 253, 300 Rowley, Charles, 277, 280, 289, 296, 300, 304, 307, 321, 438 Royal Academy of the Arts (RA), 79, 92, 99, 120, 167, 210, 215, 229, 232, 249, 291, 302, 319; art exhibitions, 44, 55, 61, 76, 77, 94, 128, 342, 345, 346, 347, 348, 389, 421; RA Schools, 20, 27, 29, 31, 35, 42 Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours, 347 Royal Literary Fund, 413 Royal Scottish Academy, 145, 282 Rumble, Elizabeth, 220 Rush, James Blomﬁeld, 73 Ruskin, Efﬁe, 84, 121 Ruskin, John, 64, 65, 72, 80, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103,

104, 105, 106, 107, 110, 112, 115, 119, 124, 125, 128, 129, 130, 133, 134, 136, 137, 138, 141, 143, 144, 150, 157, 161, 164, 172, 183, 194–5, 196, 214, 223, 302, 420 lectures: Edinburgh, 78; Oxford, 351 literary works: Modern Painters, 60, 92; Pre-Raphaelitism, 63; Stones of Venice, 75, 77; Time and Tide, 202 newspaper/periodical contributions: Academy Notes, 89; Leeds Mercury, 202; Nineteenth Century, 306; The Times, 62 Russell, Lord John, 52 Russell Place exhibition, see DGR, exhibitions: Pre-Raphaelite Exhibition Ruxton, Augustus, 110, 185 St John Tyrwhitt, Richard, 110 St Katharine’s Church, 13 Sala, George Augustus, 119 Samuelson, Edward, 324, 330, 361 Sands & Co., 421, 423 Sandys, Frederick A., 105, 107, 187, 189, 194, 197, 210, 219, 323 Sargent, John Singer, 355 Sass, Henry, 17 Scharf, Sir George, 315 Schott, Cecil, 332 Schott, John Bernard, 290, 294, 297, 314, 349, 351 Scott, Alexander John, 95 Scott, C. P., 337 Scott, David, 75, 144 Scott, Letitia Norquay (LNS), 52, 100, 108, 109, 114, 121, 128, 183, 190, 259, 296 Scott, William, 112, 118 Scott, William Bell (WBS), 35, 52, 70, 75, 81, 82, 100, 107, 114, 121, 122, 127, 135, 149, 190, 202, 210, 213, 214, 215, 216, 221, 222, 223, 227, 236, 239, 250, 251, 257, 259, 260, 267, 270, 274, 275, 277, 278, 291, 296, 301, 305, 314, 315, 316, 320, 324, 330, 334–5, 338, 340, 341, 360, 373

480 Index Scott, William Bell (WBS) – continued artworks: After Sunset, 155; Before Sunrise, 155; Life of Dürer, 222; Palace of Venus, 203; Penkill murals, 187, 190; Questioning the Sphinx, 334–5 literary works: Autobiographical Notes, 388, 392, 398; ‘A Dream of Love’, 34; ‘Early Aspirations’, 53; ‘Mary Anne’, 346; Memoir of David Scott, 299; Memoirs, 393; ‘Morning Sleep’, 53; Poems, 272; Poems by a Painter, 87; ‘Rosabell’, 34, 41, 71; ‘RoseLeaves’, 340; ‘Tete a tete’, 220; The Year of the World, 34, 335 Seaman, Owen, 408 Seddon, John Pollard (JPS), 91, 97, 98, 165, 264, 341, 357, 358, 367; King René’s Honeymoon Cabinet, 132, 148, 165; Memoirs and Letters of Thomas Seddon, Artist, 111 Seddon, Thomas (TS), 69, 71, 79, 89, 91, 98, 99, 106; Jerusalem and the Valley of Jehoshaphat from the Hill of Evil Counsel, 106; Palmtrees, 106; Penelope, 111 Sen, Keshub Chunder, 233 Severn, Joseph, 331 Shakespeare, William, 170 Sharp, Elizabeth, 370 Sharp, William, 299, 316, 337, 341, 342, 343, 344, 356, 357, 365, 375 Shaw, John Byam, 421 Shaw, Richard Norman, 205 Shelley, Harriet, 220, 292 Shelley, Ianthe Eliza, 273 Shelley, Mary, 295 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 210, 216, 218, 219, 220, 224, 246, 247, 259, 292, 293, 362, 387 Shelley, Sir Percy Florence, 216 Shelley Society, 365, 368, 379, 384, 389 Shepherd, Richard Herne, 300, 305, 310 Shields, Frederic James (FJS), 40, 166, 169, 170, 174, 221, 223, 230, 236, 254, 273, 274, 277, 280, 293, 294,

299, 300, 307, 313, 314, 317, 320, 324, 325, 328, 330, 332, 335, 340, 341, 345, 346, 362, 380, 402, 431 artworks: DGR memorial window, 351, 352, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359; Lazarus, 317, 328 literary works: ‘A Note Upon Rossetti’s Method of Drawing in Crayons’, 382; ‘Some Notes on Dante Gabriel Rossetti’, 368; Song of Songs (transl.), 168 Shipley, Orby, 157, 159 Shirley, see Skelton, John Sibson, Thomas, 126 Siddal, Elizabeth Eleanor (EES), 50, 51, 59, 67, 68, 69, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 103, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 117, 127, 128, 129, 131, 133, 135, 136, 137, 139, 140, 144, 149, 162, 175, 185, 187, 188, 195, 227, 250, 397, 403, 419, 437, 443 artworks: Clerk Saunders, 103, 357; La Belle Dame Sans Merci, 89; The Lady of Shalott, 80; Lovers Listening to Music, 90; St Agnes Eve, 76, 397; We Are Seven, 89 exhumation of, 221, 222, 223, 226; literary works: ‘Dead Love’, 175; ‘Gone’, 175; ‘Pippa Passes’, 86 Siddal, James, 418, 419, 435, 440 Siddal, Lydia, 92, 129, 144 Silsbee, Edward A., 295, 299 Sim, Robert, 191 Sisterhood of the Holy Cross, 25 Skelton, John, 119, 169, 183, 217, 227, 258, 398 Skipsey, Joseph, 305, 320 Slack, Henry John, 259, 308, 352 Slark, John, 328, 337 Smallwood’s Magazine, 11, 15 Smetham, James, 59, 136, 142, 153, 186, 190, 209, 263, 300, 301, 302, 305, 311, 312, 313, 317 Smith & Elder, 136, 140 Smith, Benjamin, 231 Smith, Bernhard, 44–5, 51, 67

Index 481 Smith, Ellen, 169, 180, 184, 198 Smith O’Brien, Lucius, 167 Smith, Roswell, 274 Society of All Saints Sisters of the Poor, 59; see also All Saints Sisterhood Society of Arts, 320 Society of British Artists, 99 Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (SPCK), 161, 163, 175, 246, 249, 287, 310, 311, 325, 329, 342, 347, 350, 362, 383, 387, 388, 389, 392, 394, 397, 400, 403, 417, 426 Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 402, 444 Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings, 291, 379 Society for the Protection of Girls from Prostitution, 360 Society for the Protection of Women and Children, 376 Solomon Rebecca, 299 Somerset House Sketching Club, 39 Somerset, Lord Henry, 322 Sotheby’s, 407, 419 South Kensington Art School, 178 South Kensington Museum, 310, 349, 365 Spartali, Marie (later Stillman) (MS), 203, 221, 227, 234, 238, 286, 297, 311, 313, 314, 319, 330, 375 Spartali, Michael, 238 Spencer (bookseller), 419, 439 Spencer Stanhope, John Roddam, 105, 113, 114, 120, 388 Spielmann, Marion Harry, 376 Stanﬁeld, Clarkson, 89 Stedman, Edmund Clarence, 218 Stephens, Frederick George (FGS), 36, 57, 72, 73, 81, 94, 99, 113, 114, 170, 202, 234, 253, 257, 265, 291, 302, 305, 313, 314, 327, 333, 341, 357, 358, 367, 401 Stephens, Holman, 244 Stephenson, Sir William, 221 Stevenson, Robert Louis, 360 Stillman, Bella, 297 Stillman, Efﬁe, 297

Stillman, Lisa, 297, 361 Stillman, Marie, see Spartali, Marie Stillman, William J. (WJS), 99, 149, 198, 227, 229, 230, 238, 243, 414, 423 Stock, Elliot, 350 Stoker, Bram, 437 Stokes, Whitley, 103, 133, 148–9 Story, William, 126 Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 219 Strangeways & Walden, 216, 330 Street, George Edmund, 104, 138 Stuart, Christina Dudley, 7 Stuart, Edward, 59 Sumner, Georgina, 285 Surtees, Robert, 68 Swinburne, Algernon Charles (ACS), 110, 139, 143, 144, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, 156, 157, 158, 160, 168, 169, 176, 179, 188, 189, 190, 194, 195, 198, 198–9, 202, 205, 210, 211, 214, 216, 220, 223, 224, 225, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 244, 263, 274, 283, 284, 323, 333, 340, 396, 416, 436, 437, 440 literary works: Age of Shakespeare, 436; Atalanta in Calydon, 172, 177, 183, 441; ‘A Baby’s Death’, 346; ‘A Ballad of Appeal, to Christina G. Rossetti’, 359; ‘A Birth Song’, 277; Bothwell, 281; Caesar Borgia and The Altar of Righteousness, 423; A Century of Roundels, 347, 350; ‘Chastelard’, 164; Christabel and The Lyrical And Imaginative Poems Of S. T. Coleridge, 210; Erechtheus, 281, 288; Grace Darling, 396; ‘Had I Wist’, 350; Heptalogia, 317; ‘Hymn to Proserpine’, 429; ‘In Guernsey’, 350; ‘The Laird of Waristoun’, 132; A Midsummer Holiday and Other Poems, 359; ‘A New Year’s Eve’, 406; Notes on the Royal Academy, 173; Notes on the Royal Academy Exhibition, 211; ‘O Gemini!’, 329; Poems and Ballads, First Series, 192, 194;

482 Index Swinburne, Algernon Charles (ACS) – continued The Queen Mother and Rosamund, 125, 130, 169; A Record of a Friendship, 438; ‘Sark’, 350; ‘Saviour of Society’, 231; Selection from the Works of Lord Byron, 188; ‘A Song of Italy’, 200; Songs before Sunrise, 225, 227, 230, 231, 238; Study of Shakespeare, 316; Tristram of Lyonesse and Other Poems, 342; Under the Microscope, 251; William Blake, 206; Year’s Letters, 189 Swinburne, Lady Jane Henrietta, 190 Symonds, Arthur, 387 Symons, William Christian, 378 Taine, Hippolyte Adolphe, 378 Tatham, Frederick, 143 Tauchnitz, see Bernhard Tauchnitz Taylor, A. W., 161 Taylor, George, 68 Taylor, John Edward, 64 Taylor, Tom, 106, 114 Tebbs, Henry Virtue, 210 Tebbs, Henry Virture, 223, 251, 327, 346 Tennyson, Alfred Lord, 41, 50, 59, 65, 94, 96, 107, 117, 164, 167, 190, 194, 204, 210, 232, 250, 324, 391, 440 Tennyson, Emily, 90, 117 Thackeray, William Makepeace, 133 Thomas Agnew & Sons, 203, 267, 294, 426 Thomas, Goring, 362 Thomas, William Cave (WCT), 36, 50, 124 Thompson, Charles Thurston, 130, 265 Thompson, Margaret, see Hannay, Margaret Thomson, David Croal, 367 Thomson, Elizabeth Gertrude, 353 Thornycroft, Hamo, 352 Thursﬁeld, James R., 224 Thynne, Charles (Lord Thynne), 22, 26, 29, 33 Thynne, Gertrude, 22, 29, 33 Thynne, Harriet Frances (Lady Thynne), 22, 26, 29, 30, 33

Thynne, Harriet (Lady Bath), 22, 44, 46, 53, 54, 63, 72, 76, 78, 119, 359 Thynne, Lady Louisa, 53, 193 The Times, 291, 303, 372, 406 Todhunter, John, 379 Tollemarche, Georgiana, see Cowper-Temple, Georgiana Tomlinson, Charles, 307, 316, 329 The Torch of Anarchy, 385 Traer, James Reeves, 202 Traill, H. D., 320 Traventi (composer), 104, 192, 195 Trelawny, Edward John, 18, 219, 225, 227, 238, 247, 260, 273, 292, 293, 299, 332 Trevelyan, Lady Pauline, 110, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 129 Trevelyan, Sir Walter, 110, 114 Trinity Church, 7, 8 Trist, J. Hamilton, 165, 187, 343 Trübner, Nicholas, 233 Tupper, Alexander (AT), 50 Tupper, George (GT), 50, 54, 56, 62, 77, 313, 350 Tupper, John Lucas (JLT), 50, 108, 216, 218, 313 Turgenev, Ivan Sergeyevich, 235, 334 Turner, Francis, 399 Turner, Joseph Mallord William, 91, 105, 112, 420 Turner, William A., 295, 297, 298, 301, 302, 305, 310, 319 Tynan, Katharine (KT), 360, 363, 371, 391, 395, 398, 403, 405–6, 442; ‘London Letter’, 405; Louise de la Vallière, and Other Poems, 363; Shamrocks, 371 Ufﬁzi Gallery, 437 Valpy, Leonard Rowe, 197, 205, 251, 252, 261, 264, 269, 272, 278, 296, 301, 303–4, 305, 306, 310, 321, 333, 337, 340, 341, 349, 350 Varley, Charles, 320 Vasto (Naples), 3, 348, 428 Vaux, William Sandys Wright, 105 Vernon, Ada, 164 Victoria Magazine, 157

Index 483 Victoria Press, 176 Victoria, Queen, 372, 412 Vintner, J. A., 37 Vokins, William, 162, 163, 372 W & D Downey, 157, 172 Waagen, Gustav Friedrich, 91 Waddington, Samuel, 319, 324 Walker Art Gallery (Liverpool), 354, 361 Waller, John Francis, 80 Wallis, Henry, 113, 114 Ward & Lock, 257, 281, 361 Ward, Carolyn, 9 Ward, Edward Matthew, 143 Ward, Lock & Bowden, 410 Ward, Lock & Co., 329 Ward, Mary, 377 Warington Taylor, Florence, 211, 363 Warington Taylor, George, 176, 196, 211, 220 Warren, Frederick, 90 Watkins, T., 37 Watson, Edmund Lacon, 433 Watts, Anna Mary, see Howitt, Anna Mary Watts-Dunton, Walter Theodore (TWD), 226, 255, 257, 264, 269, 270, 271, 278, 283, 286, 294, 295, 299, 301, 303, 305, 316, 317, 330, 333, 334, 335, 336, 340, 341, 343, 345, 354, 356, 358, 359, 364, 365, 381, 404, 416, 440 literary works: ‘Christina Georgina Rossetti’, 405; Dukkerypen, 357; ‘The Life of D. G. Rossetti’, 367, 409; ‘Reminiscences of Christina Rossetti’, 406; ‘Rossettiana: A Glimpse of Rossetti and Morris at Kelmscott’, 436; ‘Rossetti’s Unpublished Poems’, 409; Selection of Poets, 320; ‘Truth about Rossetti’, 348; ‘The Two Christmastides’, 405; ‘The Wood-Haunter’s Dream’, 280 Watts, George Frederic (GFW), 108, 124, 138, 225, 263, 275, 284, 390, 407

Waugh, Edwin, 307 Waugh, Fanny, 197 Webb, Philip, 135, 167, 176, 220, 235, 270 Webster, Augusta, 298, 373, 382 Wells, Charles Jeremiah, 46, 227 Wells, Henry Tanworth, 70, 215 Wells, Joanna Mary, 137 Wentworth, William Charles, 85 Wheeler, C. A., 437 Wheeler, Eliza, 113 Whistler, James Abbott McNeill, 150, 153, 155, 156, 161, 162, 164, 171, 184, 188, 195, 202, 206, 208, 217, 245, 264, 269, 290, 309, 378, 426, 428 Whistler v. Ruskin, 306, 309 Whitechapel Fine Arts Exhibition, 348 White, David Thomas, 98, 129 Whitehead, Walter John, 112 Whitman, Walt, 203, 206, 220, 246, 281, 282, 284, 360, 362, 363, 443; Leaves of Grass, 99, 203, 206, 281 Whittingham, see Charles Whittingham & Co. Wieland, Florence, see Warington Taylor, Florence Wilde, Oscar, 337, 357, 373 Wilding, Alexa, 175, 178, 201, 205, 209, 252–3, 258, 260, 266, 268, 277, 289, 291 Wilkinson, James John Garth, 82, 83, 102 Williams & Norgate, 198, 200, 390 Williams, Edith, 310 Williams, Llewellyn, 223 Williams, William Smith, 46, 47, 58 Wilson, Lisa, 360, 405, 407, 416 Windus, B. G., 209 Windus, William Lindsay, 100, 107, 234 Wise, Thomas J., 17, 344, 376, 380, 395, 425, 428, 429, 438, 442 Wolf, Joseph, 81, 107 Woodward, Benjamin, 88, 90, 92, 98, 104, 105, 108, 136, 137, 163 Woolner, Thomas, 38, 44, 45, 50, 51, 58, 67, 71, 72, 73, 82, 85, 87, 89, 92, 107, 113, 154, 202, 213, 219, 257, 274, 351

484 Index Working Men’s College, 87, 89, 91, 96, 106, 110, 114, 117, 136, 143, 412 Wornum, Ralph N., 91, 202, 206 Wyndham, Percy, 303

Yeats, William Butler, 379, 384, 439 Youatt, Elizabeth, 40 Young Women’s Friendly Society, 245