A pronouncing dictionary of musical terms,

fornia nal

y

LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF

CALIFORNIA

SAN DIEGO

UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO Donated

in

memory

of

John W. Snvder by

His Son and Daughter

A PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY OF MUSICAL TERMS.

A

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY OF

MUSICAL TERMS

COMPILED AND EDITED BY

HARRY NEWTON REDMAN

BOSTON KNIGHT & MILLET

COPYRIGHT

BY

1901,

KNIGHT & MILLET.

LIST

OF CONTENTS, PACK

RULES

FOR

THE

PRONUNCIATION

OF

FRENCH,

GERMAN, AND ITALIAN

i

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY OF MUSICAL TERMS

.

.

i

PRONUNCIATION OF THE NAMES OF THE CHIEF

COMPOSERS AND ARTISTS

123

ABBREVIATIONS

TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

127

IN

SONATAS

....

139

RULES FOR THE PRONUNCIATION OF FRENCH, GERMAN, AND ITALIAN

FRENCH. VOWELS a

is

:

pronounced like a in Italian, but somewhat shorter, and is often rendered similar to the English a.

a like ah. e like n in cut. 6 like ay in day. e like e in where, e like a in i

or

i

German,

like ee in feet.

Short \

is

the same as in English.

as in Italian.

u

like

it

German.

in

DIPHTHONGS

:

ai as in bait,

ai before /-final or // should be rendered

as a diphthong al

and

eu, eu,

ei like

(ah'-ee),

but slightly separated,

6.

and oeu

like o in

German.

01 like oh-dk', but so slightly separated that like one syllable.

OU and ou

like oo in toot.

it

sounds

ii

RULES FOR THE PRONUNCIATION OF eau

like

long o without the vanish u. are rendered nasal when

Vowels and diphthongs

m

fol-

nd, nt, or mt at the end of a syllable except in the verbal ending of the third person

lowed by

n,

t

plural.

CONSONANTS

:

Consonants are pronounced the same as except in the following cases C the same as s in song before e, e,

in English,

:

ch


I,

and

/.

like sh.

g has the sound of z in azure when placed before ^, and gn the same as in Italian.

,

/,

,

/'.

h j

11

is

often silent.

like z in azure.

when placed lish

y

after

i is

usually rendered like the Engand often prolongs the i

(as a consonant),

(like ee).

n

is

nasal

and often given the English pronunciation.

m is nasal under certain conditions. r is rendered with

somewhat of a

roll.

s-final is silent. t-final is silent.

cr, et, es, est, ez,

dered like

when used

as final syllables, are ren-

/.

GENERAL RULE FOR ACCENTUATION: Lightly accent the last syllable of a polysyllabic word, but do not give any one syllable the strong stress usual in English words.

FRENCH, GERMAN, AND ITALIAN

til

GERMAN. VOWELS

:

Simple vowels are pronounced the same as in Italian

y

u

like / or

in

;

German.

Vowels are modified as follows a as in care, but somewhat broader. :

e as in fed.

6 has no equivalent in English. Long 6 may be rendered by placing the

lips to speak but saying d instead with the position of the

oh, lips

unchanged.

Short 8 of ii

pronounced by saying /

is

(as in fed) instead

d.

has no equivalent in English.

Long u may be rendered by

placing the lips to say oo

and saying ee (feet) instead. pronounced by saying I (hit) instead of

(toot),

Short u

is

DIPHTHONGS

:

ai and

ei like

ae like

a.

long f in write.

au like ow in how. eu and au like oi slightly separated (ah 1

CONSONANTS f , h, k,

1,

m,

same as in English. word is pronounced as but when ending a syllable or word it

n, p, t, the

in English,

syllable or

rendered like p.

d the same as or

-u).

:

b when beginning a is

ee.

word

;

when ending a syllable rendered like. &

in English, except

in that case

it is

IV

RULES FOR THE PRONUNCIATION OP C like k

when placed before

a, e,

g

is

The j

and

a, o,

and u

;

like ts befor*

a.

1 usually hard, but also like z in azure in French anc Italian words in which g is so rendered.

syllables ang, eng, ing, ong, and ung ing a word terminate with a k sound.

when

end-

like_y (consonant).

qu r

i,

is

like kv.

rendered either with harsh breathing or a roll. beginning a syllable or word, and also before a vowel, has the sound of z (soft) ending a syllable

S when

;

placed before t and p, beginning a word, most frequently like sh otherwise a is pronounced as in English. or word, like sharp s

;

\

V like/

w like v (between v and w). X

like ks.

z likg

ts.

COMPOUND CONSONANTS: ch has no equivalent in English or

when placed

and

au,

it is

after

and

;

beginning a syllable,

a, 6,

i,

ii,

ai, ei, ae,

ae, eu,

soft (place the

but say h instead), a, o, u,

e,

ch

is

tongue to pronounce d, hard when placed after

au.

chs like x. sell like sh.

sp and st, see S. th like t. Accented syllables are rendered much the same as in with a strong stress. English,

AND ITALIAN

FRENCH, GERMAN,

V

ITALIAN.

VOWELS

:

Vowels being very open are never to be rendered as Vowels are long impure vowels or diphthongs. when ending accented syllables and short in unac-

when

cented syllables, or

occurring in accented

ones terminating with a consonant. a pronounced ah ah, but not d. e like ay in day, but without the vanish also has

before i

the sound of a in care

aw

as in fed

;

ee in feet

f in hit

;

;

when

before a

has the sound of y (consonant). or oh, but without the vanish .

vowel like

/,

when placed

r.

has the sound of

u

?,

i

like oo in toot

CONSONANTS

;

u in

full.

:

All consonants are softer than in English, the soft consonants being quite delicate. b, d, f , 1, m, n, p, qu, s, t, v, are rendered as in English. C sounds like k before a, o, u, or another consonant,

with the exception of C like ch in check before

e,

CC is like t-ch before e or

i.

g

is

is like

h

is silent.

e or

sounds

:

o, u,

i.

or another conso-

and n. canon (kan'-yon). 1

and gn like n in a softy or like z in azure when placed before

g

j

as follows

or like ch in chair before

hard when placed before a, nant, with the exception of

is like l-y,

gl

c,

i.

like

y in

you.

RULES FOR PRONUNCIATION

vi

r is

pronounced with a

roll

by placing the

tongue against the hard palate. In a doubled consonant the first syllable

Accented

not so strongly English, but are much dwelt upon. syllables are

is

tip of the

prolonged. as in

marked

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY OF MUSICAL TERMS. [The

marks used

diacritical

nunciation are those in most readily understood

A.

The

C

in this vocabulary to designate the pro. use by philologists, and will be

common

by the reader.]

sixth note in the natural diatonic scale.

(That of

major.)

A, //. (ah). At, to, by, in, on, for, with. A, Fr. (a). To, with, at, on, by. Ab, Ger. (ab). Off, of, from, down.

Abacas, Lot. (a-M-kus).

An

ancient instrument for divid-

ing the intervals of the octave. Aballata, ft. (a bal-/d'-ta). In the style of a dance. Ballata.

Freedom.

Abandon, Fr. (a-banA d8n^). Abbandonarsi,

To abandon

It.

(ab-ban-do--ze). to the influence of music.

Abbandonasi, Abbellare,

Abcidiren,

//.

//.

(ab-ban-do-wa-ze).

(ab-bel-/-re).

Ger.

See

To

Without

oneself

restraint.

embellish with ornaments.

A

(ab-se-<#r-'n).

of exercises in

series

which the names of the notes are used instead of words. Abbellime'nto,

It.

(ab-bel-le-fwJw-to).

; a, add ; a, care ; a, arm ; 6, old ; 6, odd ; 6, done ; oo, moon

a, ale

e, ;

An

eve ;

u, lute ;

,

embellishment.

end ;

ii,

I,

but ;

ice ;

ii,

I,

ill ;

(French).

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

2

Ger.

Abblasen,

To sound

(a^-bla-z'n).

or flourish

the

trumpet.

Abendglocke, Ger. (a-bend-^/W-e). Evening bell, curfew. Abendlied, Ger. (o-bend-led). Evening-song.

Abendmusik, Ger. (a-bend-i00-zik). Evening music. Abendstandchen, Ger. (a-bend-j^Afi/-khen). A serenade. Abenteuerlich, Ger. (a-ben-/te>-likh).

Abgehend,

Ger. (a'3-ga-hend).

Abgestossen, Ger.

Bold, strange.

Dying away. Short, detached.

(atf-ghe-shtos-s'n).

An

Abgeleiteter akkord, Ger. (a^-ghe-li-te-ter ak-kord). inversion of a chord.

Ab

From

initio, Lat. (ab m-^-shi-6).

Abkurzungen, Ger.

Ger. (a^-na-mend).

Abnehmend,

the commencement.

(a'3-kiirt-soong-en).

Abbreviations.

Softening the tone.

To abridge. Abrege", Fr. (a-bra-zha). sudden stop. Abruptio, Lat. (ab-r^-shi-o). melodic phrase. Absatz, Ger. (atf-satz).

A

A

Abschwellen, Ger. Abspielen, Ger.

Diminishing.

(o^-schvel-1'n).

To perform on an instrument.

(a^-shpe-1'n).

Ger. (a^-shtim-moongk). Discordance. (o^-shtos-s'n). To detach. To play staccato.

Abstimmung,

Abstossen, Ger.

A

It.

capp^lla,

(a kap-/d/-la).

In the church or chapel

style.

A

//. (a

cappriccio,

//.

Accelerando,

In a capricious

kap^>r^-she-6).

It. (ak-ka-ret-zJ-v5-le).

AccarezzeVole,

(at-chel-a-ra-d6).

style.

Caressing, coaxing.

Gradually

growing

faster.

Accent.

Stress or emphasis placed

Acce'nto, It. notes.

Accentuate, a, ale ; a,

(at-cAdn-to).

//.

add ;

(at-chen-tocni-re). a,

care ;

a,

on

Emphasis

arm

; e,

To eve ;

certain tones. laid

upon

certain

accentuate. e,

end ;

I,

ice ;

I,

////

OF MUSICAL TERMS It.

Acciaccato,

(at-che-ak-/a-to).

Violently.

It. (at-che-ak-ka-/<w-ra).

Acciaccatura,

appoggiatura. Accidental. sharp,

A

flat

3

The same

as a short

or natural not found in the

signature.

Accolade, Fr.

(ak-ko-/
A brace

connecting two or more

staves.

Accompaniment. That part of a musical composition which attends the melody or theme. Accord, Fr. (ak-kor). Accordato,

A

chord.

It. (ak-kor-ata'-to).

Accordatura,

Accordoir, Fr. Accresce'ndo,

In tune.

ft. (ak-kor-da-totf-ra).

(a.'k-'kor-d-wdr).

A

It. (ak-kre-stidn-do).

Concord, harmony. tuning instrument. Increasing.

To increase. Accresceie, It. (ak-kre-skd-re). For five parts. cinq, Fr. (a san^k). Action. The mechanism of an organ or piano.

A

Ad, Lat. Adagio,

(ad).

At,

to.

It. (a-
Slow.

Adagio assai, It. (a-da-je-o as-sa-e). Very slow. Slow, Adagio cantabile, It. (a-da-je-o kan-ta-te-la).

in

a

singing style.

Adagio con gravita,

It.

(a-da-je-o kSn.fra-ve-ta).

Slow with

gravity.

Adagio dim61to, It. (a-da-je-o de mol-to). Very slow. Adagio non tr6ppo, It. (a-da-je-5 non trSp-po). Not too slow. Slow and Adagio pattico, It. (a-da-je-6 pa-^-te-ko). pathetic.

Adagio pesante, It. Adagio poi allegro,

(a-da-je-o pa-zan-te). It. (a-da-je-5

Slow and heavy. Slow, then

po-e al-/J-gro).

quick. 6,

old ;

o,

odd ;

o,

done ; oo, moon

; u, lute ;

ti,

but ;

ii,

(French).

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

4 Ad Agio

sostenuto,

//.

Slow and

(a-da-je-o sos-ta-
sustained.

Adagissimo,

//.

Ad captandum,

(a-da^j-se-mo). Extremely slow. Lat. In a light and brilliant style.

Ad dolor ato,

It. (ad-do-16-ra-to).

A

(a dub).

Grieved.

For two. A deux mains, Fr. (a duh man). For two hands. A deux pianos, Fr. (a duh pe-o-no). For two pianos. A deux temps, Fr. (a duh tan/fc). In double time. Ad libitum, Lat. (ad /tf-i-tum). At will, at pleasure. Ad placitum, Lat. (ad/5/a-ci-tum). At pleasure. A due, //. (a doo-e). For two. A due c6Kle, //. (a doo-e &V-de). For two strings. A due c6ri, //. (a doo-e ko-re). For two choirs. A due strome'nti, It. (a doo-e stro-mdn-te). For two deux, Fr.

in-

struments.

A due v6ci, A dur, Gtr.

//. (a

^rophone, Fr. Affabile,

Affanato,

doo-e vo-che).

A

(a door).

A

(e-ro-fon).

It. Caf^S-be-le).

French reed instrument.

Uneasily.

Tender.

//. (af-fet-too-5-zo).

Affrettando,

voices.

Gracefully, gently.

It. (af-fa-wa-to).

Affettu6so,

For two

major.

Hurrying, quickening the

//. (af-fret-^'w-do).

time.

Affrett6so,

AgeVole,

To

It. (a^'J-vo-le).

Aggiustam6nte,

//.

Light.

a, ale ; a,

It.

add ;

Nimbleness.

(a-jel-zJ-te). a,

Without chan-

(ad-je-oos-ta-w
ging the time. Agilit6, Fr. (a-zhe-le-ta).

Agilm4nte,

Quick, accelerated, hurried. tune musical instruments.

It. (af-fret-/(?-zo).

Afindr, Sp. (a-fe-a>).

care ;

a,

arm

Lively, gay. ; e, eve ; e,

end ;

T,

ice ;

i,

///;

OF MUSICAL TERMS It. (aj-e-Ai'-to).

Agitato,

5

Agitated.

A grand chceur, Fr. (kUr). With A grand orchestra, Fr. (or-kestr).

full choir.

With

full orchestra.

Agre'ments, Fr. (a-gra-man^). Embellishments. Aigu, Fr. (a-gti). Acute, high, shrill. Air. Melody, tune. Air a boire, Fr. (ar a bwar). Drinking-song. Air chantant, Fr. (ar sha.nA-ta.nA). A singing melody. Air rapide, Fr. (ar ra-ped). A nourish.

Air tendre, Fr.

Air vari6, Fr. Ais, Ger.

(ois).

The

note

Ais-dur, Ger. (ois-door). Ais-moll, Ger. (ois-moll). Aise, Fr.

Love

(ar tan^-dr).

(ar va-ri-a).

song.

Air with variations.

A sharp. A sharp major. A sharp minor.

Glad, joyful easy, convenient. Chord.

(aiz).

;

Akkord, Ger. (ak-kdrd). Akt, Ger. (akt). Act. Al, It. (al). To the, up

to the.

A la, Fr. (a la). In the style of. A 1'abandon, Fr. (a la-ban/*-dSo6). With ease. A la chasse, Fr. (a la shass). In the hunting style. A la me me, Fr. (a la mam). In the same. A la A la

In time. me'sure, Fr. (a la ma-ziir). In the military style. militaire, Fr. (a la me-le-tdr). The music of a morning Alborada, Sp. (al-bo-ra-da). serenade.

Alcun6,

It.

(al-koo-J).

Al

It.

(aiy?-ne).

fine,

Alia br^ve, It. measure.

Alia caccia, 5,

(a/-la

It. (dl-Va.

old ; o, odd ;

6,

Some,

To

certain.

the end.

brd-vz).

^iV-che-a).

done ; oo, moon

Time

of

one breve in a

In the hunting ; u, lute ; u,

but ;

style. ii,

{French).

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

6

Alia camera, It. (a/-la kd-me-ra.). In chamber music style. Alia cappella, It. (a/-la kap-/
Alia diritta,

It.

descending

(a/-la

de-r^-ta).

In direct ascending or

style.

Alia marcia, It. (a/-la war-che-a). In marching style. Alia moderna, //. (7-la m5-
It. (#7-la

In the Moorish style. mo-r&r-ka). In the ancient style.

//. (al-lan-te-^J).

Alia Palestrfna,

It.

Pa-les-ftv-na).

(dt-la.

In the style of

Palestrina (ecclesiastical).

Alia polacca,

It. (dl-\a.

po-/a/^-ka).

In the style of a polo-

naise.

Alia quinta,

//. (a/-la It.

Allargando,

quen-ta).

(al-lar-^B-d5).

At the interval of a fifth. Growing broader. Slower

and more marked. Alia rivrsa, It. (7-la re-vdr-sa.). In contrary motion. Alia Tede'sca, It. (dl-Ya. te-Jaz-ka.). In the German style. Alia Veneziana,

It.

(a/-la ve-na-tse-a-na).

In the Venetian

style.

Alia zingara, It. (a/-la /Ji?-ga-ra). In gypsy style. Alia z6ppa, It. (a/-la tsof-pa.). In a halting style. Alle, Ger.

All.

(dl-\e). It.

Allegramente,

(al-le-gra-Jw-te).

Cheerfully,

gaily,

lightly.

Allegrdnte,

It. (a\-\e-grdn-te).

Allegrettfno,

It.

movement slower than Allegretto,

It.

a, ale ; a,

//.

add ;

Lively.

Faster than andante

allegro.

(al-le-^-r
A

allegretto.

(al-le-r<W-to).

and slower than Allegre'zza,

Joyous, mirthful. A short allegretto.

(al-le-gret-/^-n6).

care

;

a,

arm

Liveliness. ; e,

eve ;

e,

end ;

I,

ice ;

I,

ill ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS

//.

As

It. (al-Ia-^r^r-se-mo).

Allegrissimo, Allegro,

Allegro agitato,

quick as possible.

Quick.

(al-/
Quick and

It. (al-/
Allegro appassionato,

f

It.

agitated.

(al-/-gro ap-pas-se-o--to).

Pas-

sionately joyful.

Allegro assai,

Faster than allegro. A comfortable

It. (al-/J-gro as-jw-e). It.

Allegro c6modo,

&7-m5-d5).

(al-/
degree of speed. Allegro COn brio, It.

(al-/tf-gro

kon

Quick, and with

bre-o}.

spirit.

Allegro con fu6co,

It.

(al

kon

A?-gro

Quick and.

foo-J-ko).

fiery.

Allegro COn m6tO,

It. (al-/V?-gro

kon

Quick, with an\

tno-to).

animated and energetic movement. Allegro con spirito, It. (al-/
Quick, with

energy. Allegro di bravura,

de bra-z/^-ra).

Quick, with

de mol-lo).

With much

It. (al-Af-gro

dash.

Allegro di m61tO,

It.

(al-/f-gr5

rapidity.

Allegro furi6so, Alle"gro giustO,

It.

Fast and furious.

(al-/
It. (a.\-/d-grojoos-to).

An appropriate

degree

of rapidity.

Allegro ma grazi6so, but graceful.

It.

(al-/
Allegro ma non presto, It. but not too much so. Allegro ma non tanto, but not too rapid.

(al-/
It. (al-/
ma non tr6ppO, It. Quick, but not too rapid.

Allegro

6,

old ;

o,

odd ;

6,

ma

done ; oo, moon

ma

ma

n6n/rJj-to).

n8n

(al-/*?-gro

;

Quick

gra tse-J-zo).

tan-to).

ma n5n

u, lute ; u,

but

:

ii,

Fast,

Quick trSp-^o).

(French}.

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

8

Allegro moderate,//.

(iil-/d-gr6

It. (al-/
Allegro m61to,

Allegro risoluto,

It.

mod-eVa-to). Moderately fast.

mol-io).

Very

fast.

re-zo-/w-to).

(al-/J-gro

Quick and

resolute.

Quick and swift. Quick and spirited. Quick and lively.

Allegro ve!6ce,

It. (al-/
Alle*gro vivace,

It. (al-/<2-gr5 ve-z/o-che).

Allegro vivo,

It. (al-/
ve-vo).

Allegrusio, It. (al-le-^ra^-ze-o). Good-humored, sprightly. Alone, only. Allein, Ger. (a\-lm).

Alleinsang, Ger. (al-/f-sang).

Allentamento,

It.

A

solo.

Slackening. All 'ottdva, It. (al ot-ta'-va). An octave above or below. All 'unis6no, It. (al oo-ne-0J-n6). In unison. (al-len-ta-/
Al piac^re, It. (al pe-a-^J-re). At pleasure. Al piu, It. (al pe-oo). The most. Al rig6re del te'mpo, It. (al re-^re del tdm-po).

In

strict

time.

Al rive'rso, //. (al re-^^-so). In contrary motion. Al segno, It. (al sdn-yo). To the sign :$:. See Segno. Alt, Ger.

Alt,

//.

(alt).

(alt).

m

Alto.

High +.

;

applied to the octave. -p-

^

f.

4=

OF MUSICAL TERMS

9

AmareVole, It. (a-ma-rJ-vo-le). Mournfully. Am6re, //. (a-wzJ-re). Love. Am6re, con. Fondly, tenderly. Amor6so, It. (a.-mo-ro-zo). Loving, tender. Anche, Fr. (an^sh). Reed. Anche, It. (an-ka). Also, Andacht, Ger. (o-dakht). Andante, It. (an-a'aw-te).

Andante and Andante

affettudso,

It.

likewise, too, even.

Devotion.

A

moderately slow movement.

(an-
Slowly

tenderly.

cantabile, singing manner.

Andante con m6to,

It.

It.

(an-dfo'-te can-to'-be-le).

(an-
kon

mo-to).

Slow, in a Slow, with

movement.

Andante grazi6so,

It.

Slow and

(an-^/aw-te gra-tse-^zo).

graceful.

Andante largo, It. (an-dan-te Idr-gS). Slow, distinct. Andante maest6so, //. (an-d?a-te ma-es-^J-zo). Slow and majestic.

ma non tr6ppO, It. (an-a?a-te Slow, but not too much so.

Andante

ma non

trSp-^o).

It. (an-dan ^-no). Strictly meaning slower than andante, but used often in the reverse sense.

Andantino,

Anfang, Ger.

(a'w-fang). Beginning. conductor, director, leader. Anfiihrer, Ger. (o'w-fuh-rer). Angemessen, Ger. (an-ghe-zr-s'n). Appropriate.

A

Angoscioso, //. (an-gos-che-J-zo). Plaintively. Angstlich, Ger. (J^rMikh). Fearfully. Anhang, Ger. (a-hang). Coda.

Anima, It. (aw-e-ma). Life. Animate, It. (an-e-/-to). Animated. 5,

old ; 6, odd ;

6,

done ; oo, moon

; u,

lute ;

ii,

but ;

i\,

(French}.

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

IO

Anim6so, It. (an-e-/J-z6). Anklang, Ger. (a-klang).

Spirited.

Harmony.

Anlage, Ger. (a-la-ghe). The plan of a composition. Antecedent. The initial phrase of a melody, requiring to be followed by another called its consequent.

Antiphone, Gr.

Responsive singing. (<3:-te-f6-ne). term used to indicate the last half of a musical period, also the answer in a figure.

A

Antithesis.

Anwachsend,

Ger. (aw-vakh-send).

A piacere, It. (a pe-a-^-re). At A p6co, //. (a-/J-ko). By little.

Increasing.

pleasure.

Appassionato,

It.

(ap-pas-se-6-a-to).

Impassioned.

Appoggiatura,

It.

(ap-pod-je-a-rtTb-ra).

The accented appog-

giatura is a grace note placed before the real melodynote and taking the accent and part of the latter's

The long appoggiatura is now obsolete. short appoggiatura is a small eighth-note or sixteenth-note having a slanting stroke through the hook, time value.

The

A A A

and is played as rapidly as possible. quatre mains, Fr. (a katr maa). For four hands. siil).

quatre voix, Fr. (a katr vwa).

Arche, Ger. Arco,

//.

Ardito, Aria,

It.

(-khe).

(>-ko).

//.

Bow.

(ar-fl?-to).

(a-re-a). It.

Arietta,

Arioso,

It.

tative.

A

(a-re-#-ta).

(a-re-J-zo).

short aria.

A

long

A

style

aria.

betweeen the aria and

reci-

In instrumental music this term has the same

meaning as ale ; a,

Spirited, bold.

Air, melody.

Ariette, Fr. (a-re-et).

a,

For four soloists. For four voices. Sounding-board of an organ.

(a katr

quatre seuls, Fr.

add ;

a,

cantabile.

care ;

a,

arm

; e,

eve

;

e,

end ;

I,

ice

:

T,

*'//;

OF MUSICAL TERMS

I I

Arpa, It. (aV-pa). Harp. Arpege, Fr. (ar-pazh). Breaking a chord. Arpeggio, //. (ar-pad-je-6). A broken chord. Arsis, Gk. (a>-sis).

Up-beat. flat. As,_Ger. (as). The note As dur, Ger. (as door). The key of A-flat major. As moll, Ger. (as moll). The key of A-flat minor.

A

Assai,

Rather, very.

It. (as-j
Assai piu,

It.

Assez, Fr.

(as-sa).

(as-j-a-e

pe-oo).

Much

more.

Rather.

A te"mpo, It. (a tem-po). In time. A tre c6rde, //. (a tra kdr-Ae). For three strings. A tre v<5ci, It. (a tra vo-z\\S). For three voices. Attacca, It. (at-&f-ka). Begin what follows without pausing. Aufgeweckt, Ger. (0a/-ga-vekht). Agitated.

Aufhalten, Ger.

Auf schwung,

To

(ra/-hal-t'n).

suspend.

Ger. (<7o^schvoongk).

Soaring impetuosity.

Scene. Auftritt, Ger. (awf-tnt). Ausdruck, Ger. ((nvs-drook). Expression.

Aushalten, Ger.

To

(ows-ha.\-t'n).

sustain.

To

Ger. (<wj-shtim-men).

Ausstimmen,

The dominant

Authentic cadence.

tune thoroughly.

triad followed

by the

tonic.

Avec, Fr.

(a-vek).

With.

A vide, Fr. (a ved). Open. A volonte, Fr. (a vo-16n>4-ta). The seventh note of the Germans call B, " H."

B.

At

will.

natural diatonic scale.

The

Bacas, Sp. (b'a.-&ds). Quick tune on the guitar. Badinage, Fr. (bad-i-nazA). Playfulness. 6,

old

;

6,

odd

:

6,

done

:

oo,

moon

:

ft,

lute ; u, but ;

ii,

(French).

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

12

Bagatelle, Fr. (bag-a-#/). Baguette, Fr. (bz-gket).

Bal, Fr.

A

Bar.

trifle.

A

drum-stick.

violin-stick.

Ball.

(bal).

BaldamSnte,

A

A

It.

(bal-da-w-te). Boldly. measures on the

vertical line dividing

staff.

The male voice intermediate between bass and tenor. Also a name given to the euphonium. Bass. The lowest male voice. The lowest part of a musical Barytone.

composition. Bass-clef.

F-clef

It.

(bds-so).

Basso,

Also a term used in place of contra-bass. on the fourth line. A term used at times in place of bass.

Basso cantante, It. (bds-so kan-Ai'-te). Vocal bass. Basso contfnuo, It. (i>as-so kon-#-noo-o). Thorough Baton. A stick used by conductors in beating time.

bass.

Bauernlied, Ger. (fow-ern-led). A rustic ballad. Beat. The motion of the hand or foot in marking time.

Bedeckt, Ger.

Stopped.

(be-dttt).

Begleiten, Ger.

To accompany.

(be-^/f-t'n).

Begleitung, Ger. (be-^/f-toongk).

An

accompaniment.

An example. Beispiel, Ger. (<$f-spel). Belebt, Ger. (be-lebt). Animated. Bmol, Ben,

A

Fr. (ba-mol).

It.

Well

(ban).

Berceuse, Fr.

term used to denote a

A

(bes-tfw*/).

(be-tont).

flat.

Decided.

Accented.

Bewegt, Ger. (be-vffgt). Agitated. Bien chante", Fr. (beyanA chan^-ta). Bis, Lat.

(bis).

(|>).

cradle-song.

The note B double

Bestimmt, Ger.

flat

very.

(ber-siiss).

Bes, Ger. (bes).

Betont, Ger.

;

Molto cantabile.

Twice.

Bizzarro,

It. (bet-foafr-ro).

a, ale ; a,

add ;

a,

care

; a,

Fantastical.

arm ;

e,

eve

;

e,

end :

T,

ice ;

I,

/'// ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS

13

Blase-instrume'nte, Ger. (/a-ze-m-stroo-*/#-te). struments.

Wind

in-

Blech-instrume'nte, Ger. (blekh-in-stroo-w/w-te). struments.

Brass

in-

B B

mol, Fr. (ba mol). The note B flat. moll, Ger. (bd mol). The key of B-flat minor.

Bogen, Ger. (M-g'n). Bow, slur, or tie. Bourdonnement, Fr. (boor-don-mon^). Humming,

An

Bourre", Fr. (boor-ra).

singing.

old dance of Spanish or French

origin.

The

Brace.

sign

j

used to connect two or more staves.

An

Branle, Fr. (branA-le).

old French dance in 4-4 time.

The

Bratsche, Ger. (ra-tsche). It.

Bravura,

Breit, Ger.

to eight quarter beats or _

thus

It.

It.

Brindisi,

//. (bre-o).

Buona

nota,

Bdrla,

It.

old ;

6,

it is

equal written

Spirit, fire.

It.

Comic.

(bwo-na

(boor-\3).

A

first

Accented

no-ta).

Burlesque.

note of the natural diatonic

odd ;

6,

done

;

note.

jest.

Cachucha, Sp. (ka-fc^w-tcha). 6,

;

It is

Drinking-song.

Burle'sco, //. (boor-/Jj-k5).

The

notes.

Brilliant.

(brel-/a-te).

(bren-o-ze).

Biiffa, It. (boof-t).

C.

modern music

two whole

:

Brillante,

Brio,

brilliancy.

Stately, slow. longest note used in

(brit).

The

Breve.

Dash,

(bra-zw-ra).

viola.

Bridal song.

Braut-lied, Ger. (&r
oo,

A

moon ;

scale.

popular Spanish dance. u, lute ; u,

but ;

u, {French).

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

14

A

Cadence.

close,

an ending.

That part of a vocal or

It. (ka-
Cade*nza,

mental solo intended to display the technical

instru-

ability of

the soloist. Caisse, Fr. (kass).

Calando,

A

drum.

It. (ka-/z-d6).

Calcando,

//.

Decreasing. Increasing.

(kal-Azw-do).

Calma,

It.

Cal6re,

It. (ka-/<J-re).

(
Calm.

Warmth.

A

kind of composition in which two or more parts take up in succession the same melody or subject.

Canon.

Cantabile,

It. (kan-te'-be-le).

Cantando,

It.

Cantile'na,

//. (kan-ti-/
In a singing

In a singing

(kan-&f-do).

A

style.

style.

ballad or popular song. In is used to indicate a flow-

instrumental music the term ing, song-like character.

Canto, It. (kdn-to). mental part.

Song

;

the highest vocal or instru-

Canto clef. The C clef when placed on the first line. Canto cromatico, It. (kdn-io kro-OTa-te-k5). Singing

in

semitones.

A

Canto f^rmo,

It. (kdn-to fdr-mo). subject for contrapuntal treatment.

melody given

as a

Canto figurato, It. (Mn-to fe-goo -ra-to). A figured melody. Canto fune'bre, It. (kdn-to foo-d-bre). A funeral song. Canto Gregoriano, It. (kdn-io gre-go-re-i'-no). The Gregorian chant.

A

term which It. (kdn-io na-ches-j-a-re-o). indicates the parts that are to sing through the piece. Canto primo, It. (kdn-to pre-mo). The first treble or so-

Canto necessario,

prano. a,

ale ; a,

add ;

a,

care

; a,

arm

; e,

eve

; e,

end ;

T,

ice ;

i, ill

;

OF MUSICAL TERMS Cant6r,

//.

A

(kan-tfr).

It.

Cantrice,

15

precentor.

A

(k&n-tre-che).

female singer.

Cant us, Lat. (Mn-tus). A melody. Canz6na, /A (kaiWj0-na). Song, ballad, canzonet. Capelle, Ger. (ka-///-le).

Capella alia,

//.

An

orchestra.

In church

(kap-///-la al-la).

Capellmeister, Ger. (&i'-pel-/*>ter). ductor of an orchestra.

Capo,

It.

//.

con-

Beginning or head.

(M-po).

Capriccio,

style.

Choir-master;

A

(ka-/r#-che-o).

composition written in a

capricious style.

Carezzevdle,

//. (ka-ret-tsa-z/^-la).

Carita,

It. (ka-r^-ta).

Feeling.

Carmen, Ger. (Mr-men). Carol.

A

tion.

Soothingly.

Chime.

Carillon, Fr. (ka-re-yon^).

A

song, a tune.

name given to songs of praise, joy, and exultaOf such character are the songs which celebrate

Christmas and Easter. Cassa,

A

It. (>a'.r-sa).

bass drum.

A short song. The term is frequently used by opera composers to indicate a vocal air of less extent than the aria, and with little or no

Cavatina,

It.

(ka-va-^-na).

embellishment.

A

Caxa, Sp. (kax-a).

drum.

Decrescendo

Cdez,

Fr. (sa-da).

Celere,

It. (cAd-le-ra).

Celeste, Fr. (sa-/rf).

;

also to follow the voice.

Rapid. Celestial, heavenly.

An organ stop. composition formed by selections from one composer's works.

Celestina,

//.

(cha-les-/-na).

A

Cento.

Ces, Ger. (tses). 6,

old ;

o,

odd ;

6,

C

t>.

done ; oo, moon

; u,

lute

;

ii,

but

; u,

(French}.

1

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

6

Cetra,

It.

A

(cka-tra).

small harp.

An instrumental

composition in i time and slow tempo, usually founded on a ground bass. Chamade, Pr. (sha-z&/). Signal for a parley or surrender by beat of drum.

Chaconne.

Vocal or instrumental compositions whose them more suitable for performance in a room or small hall than in halls of large dimension.

Chamber-music.

nature renders

Under

head are placed sonatas for one or more

this

instruments, songs, string-quartets, Chanson, Fr. (shan/fc-son/fc). song.

etc.

A

A short

Chansonnette, Fr. (shan/fc-son-#). Chant de noel, Fr. (shanb diih no-el).

A

song.

Christmas

carol.

Characterstucke, Ger. (^a-rac-ter-shtiick-e). A name given to short instrumental compositions of a descriptive style.

Chef, Fr.

Chief.

(shef).

Chest-register. Chest tones, i >

Chest voice. j Chest, wind.

The lower ,

i

register of the voice.

he lowest register of the voice.

A

reservoir in an organ for holding

Chiaro,

It.

Chiave,

It. (ke-a-va).

(ke-a-ro).

air.

Clear, brilliant tone.

A clef,

or key.

Chevrotement, Fr. (she-vrot-monA).

A

tremor or shake in

singing.

Choeur, Fr. (kuhr).

Choir, chorus.

Chor, Ger. (k5r). Chorus. Choral. An early German Protestant church hymn-tune, or

a hymn-tune of that Chord.

style.

Two or more tones

of different pitch united accord-

ing to the laws of harmony. a, ale ;

a,

add ;

&,

care ;

a,

arm ;

e,

eve ;

e,

end ;

I,

ice ;

i,

ill ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS Chorus. A body of singers them.

Chroma, Gr.

also a composition written for

;

The chromatic

(kro-ma).

I/

signs.

also relating to by semitones those tones that are foreign to a given key.

Chromatic.

Proceeding

Cinq, Fr. (sanAk).

;

Five.

An old C1 (tsls).

Cinque-pace.

Cis, Ger. Clams, Lat. (//a'-rus).

dance having a Loud,

A

Clave, Lat. (/a-ve). Clavier, Ger. (klay^r). Clavis, Lat. (/
key

The

A

five-step

movement.

clear, bright.

a

;

cleft.

pianoforte.

key

;

a

clef.

A

character placed at the head of the staff to indicate the position of one note, and thereby that of the

Clef.

remaining notes.

C major.

The

diatonic scale, or key of C, without flats or

The

diatonic scale, or key of C, with the third

sharps.

C minor. and

C C

sixth flatted.

moll, Ger. (tsa moll). The key of C without flat or sharp. natural. It. (fe^da).

C6da,

A

C

minor.

few measures added to the end of a

piece of music.

C6da

brillante,

It. (ko-fa.

brel-/a-te).

A

brilliant termina-

tion.

Col,

It.

(koll).

With

the.

With the bass. With the melody or voice. With the left hand. Colla sinistra, //. (kol-la se--tra). With the voice. The acColla v6ce, It. (kol-la vo-che).

Col basso, Col canto,

//.

(k51 &zj-so).

It,

(k81 kdn-io).

companist to take the time from the singer. 5,

old ;

8,

odd ;

6,

done ; oo, moon

; u, lute ; u,

but ;

u,

(French).

I

PRONOUNCIATG DICTIONARY

8

Coll' Ottdva,

Coloratura,

//. (kol-1' dt-Az-va).

It.

(ko-15-ra-/^-ra).

ing brilliancy to a vocal

To be played in octaves. Runs, passages, trills, addinstrumental

or

composi-

tion.

C6me,

It.

As,

(/J-me).

like.

C6me prima, It. (ko-mz pre-ma). As at first. C6me supra, It. (/J-me j
exactly

as written.

Common Common

time.

Double or quadruple

turn.

A

time.

turn consisting of a principal note, the and the note below.

note above it, Compass. The range of notes of which any voice or ment is capable.

A

Complesso, It. (kom-//Jj-so). which is complete.

Compound

intervals.

instru-

term applied to a chord

Those which exceed the extent of an

octave. It.

Con,

With.

(k5n).

Con aband6no,

//.

(kon

With

a-ban-
passion, with

ardent feeling.

Con animo, Concento,

//.

It.

With animation.

(kon a-e-mo).

(kon-cAdn-to).

Concord.

Harmony of

voices

and instruments. Concerted music.

Compositions written for several voices

or instruments.

Concert-master. Concerto.

A

The

leading

first violinist

of an orchestra.

composition of length for a solo instrument

with orchestral accompaniment, generally in symphonic form, but with three movements. Concertstuck, Ger. (k8n-tairf-shtiik). a, ale ; a,

add ;

a,

care

; a,

arm

;

e,

A

eve ;

concert-piece. e,

end ;

T,

ice ;

i,

ill ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS

Accessory sounds. and conducts an orchestra or

Concomitant sounds.

One who

Conductor.

19

drills

chorus. It. (kon-s5-/aw-te). Consoling. Contera, Sp. (kon-ta-ra). Prelude. Contra bass. A double bass.

Consolante,

In Germany the term (See Alto.) times used to indicate the lower alto voice.

Contralto.

Fr. (kor).

Cor,

C6rchea, Sp.

A

It. (Mr-da.).

C6rno,

It.

A A

(kdr-no).

It. (ko-ro).

C6ro,

A

crotchet.

string.

horn.

Chorus.

The

Counterpoint.

some-

horn.

(/<*r-ka-a).

C6rda,

is

art of

combining two or more melodies

according to the laws which govern polyphonic composition.

Counter tenor. //.

Crescendo, sound.

Cr6mmo,

It.

Crotchet.

High

The

tenor.

(kre-j^Jw-d5).

(krom-mo).

A

highest male voice. Increasing the volume of

choral dirge.

A quarter-note.

Music inserted in small notes just before the entrance

Cue.

of a voice or instrument in concerted music to suggest the entrance of that part.

Cum D.

Da,

cantu, Lat. (kum Mn-tu).

The second note It. (da).

ta-po). It.

song.

of the natural diatonic scale.

By, for, from,

Da capo, It. (da Da capo al fine,

With

(da

of.

From M-po

the beginning. al /
From

the begin-

ning to the end. 6,

old ;

8,

odd ;

6,

done ; oo, moon

; u, lute ; u,

but ;

ii,

(French).

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

2O Da capo

al se'gno,

It. (da-&i'-po al

ning to the sign

Da

senza

capo

From

sdn-yo).

the begin-

:g;.

It. san-tsa (da kd-^po repetizi6ne, From the beginning without repeti-

ra-pa-te-tse-J-ne). tion. It. (dal-ye).

Dagli,

Dai,

It. (da-e).

Dal,

It. (dal).

DalP,

It. (dall').

Dalla,

It.

Dalle,

It.

Dallo,

It.

Dal

^

(dal-\o).

se'gno,

It.

To

the,

From

(ddm-pter).

Da

(da skdrt-so).

It.

the,

from

the, for the.

_

(dal sdn-yo).

Dampfer, Ger. scherzo,

by

A

the sign

;g:.

(See Segno.)

damper, or mute. Lively, playful.

Decdnto, Lat. (da-&z#-to). To sing, to chant. D&ide", Fr. (da-^-da). Decided. Deciso,

It.

Decided, energetic. In declamatory

(da.-cAe-zo).

Declamando,

It.

(dek-1'a.-mdn-do).

Decresce'ndo, It. (da-kre-j^Jw-do). of sound. Deficie'ndo,

Degli,

//.

Degree. Dei, Del',

It.

Decreasing the volume

Dying away.

(da-fe-che-
Of

the; than the. tone of a major or minor scale.

(dal-ye).

Any

style.

Disconnected.

Decompose", Fr. (da-k8m-/
Of the; than

It. (da-e).

It. (dal).

the.

"I

Dell', It. (dall').

Delia,

It.

(ddl-\a.).

Delle,

It.

(ddl-\e).

Dello,

It. (ddl-\o). J

a,

ale ; a,

add ;

&,

i>

Of

care ;

the; than the.

a,

arm ;

e,

eve ;

e,

end ;

T,

ice ;

T,

ill ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS Deliberate, //.

Delirfo,

It.

//.

Deliziosame'nte,

sweetly. Demi, Fr. (de-me).

Des, Ger.

D

It.

Right.

Detached, staccato.

Two.

(dii).

Dev6to, //. (da-z>J-to). Deztra, Lot. (dex-tra.). Di, It. (de). Diatonic.

Desire, longing.

Sprightly.

Detach^, Fr. (da-ta-sha).

Deux, Fr.

of a tone.

b.

It. (^fj-tra).

Destra,

Deliciously,

Half.

(da-se-o^-re-o).

It. (das-id).

style.

(de-le-tse-6-za-/w
The lowering

(des).

DesideYio,

D&tO,

In a delicate

Frenzy.

(de-/-re-o).

Depression.

Deliberate.

(de-le-ba-ra-to).

It. (del-e-&z-t6).

Delicate,

21

In a devotional

style.

Right.

Of, from, to.

A

term used to describe the tones of the major

or minor scale.

Di chiaro, It. (de ke-a-ro). Clearly. Di c6lto, It. (de kol-to). At once. Difficile, It. (defy?-che-le).

Di gala,

It.

(de

It.

Dilue'ndo,

Difficult.

Merrily.

^vi'-la).

Dying away.

(de-loo-J-d5). It.

Diminuendo,

(de-me-noo-^-do).

Diminishing in loud

ness.

Di nu6vo,

It.

(de noo-J-v5).

Again, anew.

D

1 Dis, Ger. (dez). Discant. The treble or soprano voice. It.

Disinv61to, Distinto, Divisi, 6,

//.

It.

(dez-en-zJ/-to).

(des-^-t5).

(de-w-ze).

old; o, odd ;

6,

Free, graceful.

Distinct.

Divided.

done ; oo, moon

; u, lute ;

ii,

but

;

ii,

(French).

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

22

It. (de-3w-toj.

Div6to,

The

Do.

Italian

Devoutly.

name

It is also the

for C.

name

of the

degree of any scale. Sweet, soft. D61ce, It. (atf/-che). first

Dole"nte,

Dol6re,

Plaintivt, sad,

It. (do-/
Grief.

//. (do-/J-re).

Sorrowful.

It. (do-lo-r
Dolor6so,

Dominant. The fifth note in the scale. Donner une serenade, Fr. (don-na un

To

ser-en-&/).

serenade.

D6pO, It. (do-po). After. Doppel, Ger. (a^-p'l). Double. Doppio, //. (o^-pe-6). Double.

D6ppio movime'nto,

//.

T\\ice as

(o^-pe-o mo-ve-/w
fast.

An

Double.

obsolete term for variation.

Doucement, Fr. (doos-ma.nh). Gently, softly. Doux, Fr. (doo). Gentle, soft. Doux mais soutenu, Fr. (doo ma .nw-te-nti).

Soft

but

sustained.

Drangend, Ger. (drdn-gend). Drei, Ger.

(dri).

Dreiklang, Ger. Dreist, Ger.

Hurrying, hastening.

Three. (
Dreigstigkeit, Ger. Dreistimmig, Ger.

Three tones, a

triad.

Bold.

(drist).

(
Boldness.

(
For three

parts,

or

voices.

Drohne, Ger. Droit

Due,

(c), It.

Dulcet. a,

ale ; a,

A

(dro-ne).

Fr. (drwa).

(doo-e).

heavy tone.

A

drone.

Right.

Two.

Soft.

add ;

a,

care

;

a,

arm;

e,

eve ;

e,

end ;

T,

ice

;

i,

ill ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS Ger. (doomph).

Dumph,

It.

Duolo,

Of a

dull,

23

hollow sound.

Sadness, melancholy.

(dwo-\o).

Double.

Duple.

Double rhythm.

of two beats to a measure.

Rhythm

Dur, Ger. (door). Durdle,

Major. Harsh. (doo-ra-le).

It.

Durame'nte,

//.

(doo-ra-/
Durch, Ger. (doorkh).

Harshly.

Through.

Durchfuhrung, Ger. (
The development

of a theme.

Duster, Ger.

Dux,

The

E. E,

It.

Gloomy.

(diis-ter).

The

Lot. (dux).

subject or

theme of a fugue.

third tone in the natural diatonic scale.

And.

Ebollime'nto, It. (a-b61-le-7w
Eccheggiante, Eclat, Fr.

Ed,

(a.-kla).

It. (ad).

A

sudden and impas-

Echoing, resounding.

(ek-kad-je-o-te). Same as Brio.

And. Evenness, smoothness.

Egalite", Fr. (ji-gal-e-ta).

To

Eilen, Ger. (M'n). Eilig, Ger. (T-lig).

Ein, Eins, Ger.

hasten.

In a hurried

(in, Ins).

style.

One.

Einfach, Ger. (f-fakh). Simple. Einhalten, Ger. (fw-hal-t'n). To pause. Einleitung, Ger. (f-li-toongk).

Einschlafen, Ger. (f-shla-f n). Eis, Ger.

(is).

6,

old ;

8,

It.

odd ;

die away.

E1

Elegante, Fr. and

Eleganza,

Introduction.

To

It. (el-a-^aw-te).

(el-aa-tsa). 6,

Elegant, graceful.

Elegance.

done ; oo, moon

; u,

lute ; u, but ; u, (French),

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

24 Elego, Sp.

Plaintive.

(el-
Lofty, sublime. Brisk, lively. Emeiillonne', Fr. (a-ma-ril-j/^w-na). Empater les sons, Fr. (an^-pa-ta la sonA). To produce a

Elevate,

It. (el-e-z/a-to).

very smooth and suave legato. Empfindungsvoll, Ger. (empyVtt-doongs-fol).

With emo-

tion.

Emphatique, Fr.

(a.nA-fa.-te&). Emphatic. Emporte", Fr. (an>-por-ta). Carried away by feeling. Empress^, Fr. (anA-pres-sa). Eager, in haste.

En

elargissant, Fr. (an a-lar-zhis-sanA).

Eneigia, Eneigico, Enfasi,

//. (en-^r-je-a).

ft.

//.

(en-
(en^'-ze).

Same as allargando.

Energy. Vigorous.

Emphatic.

To increase the tone. Enfler, Fr. (UnA-fld). Engfuhrung, Ger. (eng^^-roongk). The stretto in a fugue. term used to indicate a change in name, Enharmonic.

A

but not in pitch of any tone, interval, chord, or scale. Thus, for example, the note C may be named B 9 or

Dbb. Enjoue', Fr. (an^-zhoo-a).

Cheerful, gay.

Ensemble music. Concerted music. more thansone performer.

Music intended for

En serrant, Fr. (anA ser-ranA). Pressing. Entr'acte, Fr. (an^-tr' akt). Music intended for performance between the acts of an opera or play. Entschlafen, Ger. (ent-j^/a-fn). Entschlossen, Ger.

En

E

It. fe

ale

; a,

p5-e).

//.

And

then.

(e-^a-be-le).

add ;

a,

care ;

Diminuendo. In a determined manner.

In voice.

voz, Sp. (en voth).

poi,

Equabile, a,

(ent-j^/Jj-s'n).

a,

Equal, smooth.

arm

;

e,

eve ;

e,

end ;

I,

ice ;

i,

///;

OF MUSICAL TERMS

2$

Erfreulich, Ger. (er-froi-likA). Joyful. Affected, stirred. Ergriffen, Ger. (er-^r^-f n). Erhaben, Ger. (er-^a-b'n). Lofty, sublime. Ger. (er-*w0<w-te-roongk).

Ermunterung, Ernst, Ger.

It. (er-J-i-ko).

Erdico, Erotic.

A

Amatory.

Erst, Ger.

love-song.

First.

(erst).

To

Ersterben, Ger. (er-j^#r-b'n.)

Ger. (er-z/
Erweckung, Es, Ger.

It.

Esempio, Eses, Ger.

It.

Espirando, Espressivo,

It.

It.

To

It.

(es-pras-se-J-ne).

Dying away. Hardly audible.

(es-ten-J-d6).

(es-#-to).

Estrincie'ndo,

//.

Expression.

Expressive.

(es-pras-^-vo).

It.

Hesitation.

adorn. Expiring, dying away.

(es-pe-ra-do).

It.

Estinguendo, Estlnto,

(ez-e-ta-*
(ez-or-a-re).

Espressi6ne,

Example.

E^.

(az-az).

It.

Exact, true.

(eW/-pe-6).

Esitam^nto, Esonare,

die away.

Awakening, animation.

E^.

(az).

It. (ez-a'Ato).

Esatto,

Animation.

Earnest, serious, grave. Heroic.

(ernst).

(es-tren-che-J-do).

Playing with decis-

ion.

Estrini^nda, It. (es-tre-ne-
To

Etendre, Fr. (a-tanAdr). Etouffe", Fr. (a-toof-fa).

Etwas,

Ger. (//-vas).

Eutimia,

It.

Somewhat,

(yoo-^-me-a).

Eveill^, Fr. (a-va-ya).

extend.

Stifled, muffled.

rather.

Vivacity.

Lively. t

6,

old ; o, odd ;

6,

done ; oo, moon

; u, lute ; u,

but ;

ii,

(French).

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

26

Exposition. Development. Expressif Fr. (ex-pres-j^/").

Expressive.

,

F.

Fa.

The fourth tone in the natural diatonic scale. The syllable used for the note F in the " fixed do system of notation it is also the name of the fourth '

;

degree of the diatonic scale.

An

Fabe'lla, Lat. (fa-<W-la).

Fr.

Facile,

Facilita,

(i'i-sel)

and

ft. (fa-chel-e-ta).

Facilit^, Fr.

interlude.

It. (fa-
Easy.

)

(fa-se-le-Af).

J

Weak. Faible, Fr. (/?-bl). To execute. Faire, Fr. (far). Falsetto,

The highest register of a voice. flourish of trumpets or a trumpet-call. The

It. (fal-j//-to).

A

Fanfare.

term

is

position

Fantastico.

also

used as the

composed It.

title

(fan-&'j-te-ko).

) f

Fastastique. Fr. (fan-tas-#).

It. (fas-/J-zo).

Fantastic.

'

A

In a fantastic

manner.

\

Fantastisch, Ger. (fan-&w-tish).

Farandole, Fr. (fa.-ra.nA-Jo/). France in 6-8 time.

_

> %

Fastdso,

of an instrumental com-

in the style of the above.

lively

dance of Southern

Pompous.

Festival. Feier, Ger. (ft-er). Feier-gesang, Ger. (Jt-ei-ghe-sdngA). Festival hymn. Festive, solemn. Feierlich, Ger. ( /V-er-likh).

Fein, Ger.

(fin).

Fermame'nte,

It.

Delicate, refined. (far-ma-wzdw-te).

With

firmness.

Fermata, It. (far-wza-tay. A pause, hold, interruption. F6rmo, //. (fdr-mo). Firm, decided. Fer6ce, a,

//. (fa-rJ-che).

ale ; a,

add ; a care ;

Wild, a,

fierce.

arm ;

e,

eve

; e,

end ;

i,

ice ;

I,

ill ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS

2/

It. (far-#
Fervente,

A

Feste, Ger.

1

(/fc-te).

Festigkeit, Ger. (yZMlg-klt). ) Festiglich, GVr. (//j-tlg-likh).

Firmly. Solemn. Festlich, Ger. (_/2rMikh). Solemnity. Festlichkeit, Ger. (/rf-likh-kit). Feuer, 6Vr. (yb-er). Fire, passion.

Languishing. Fidcco, / (fe-
FigurA,

fierce.

Wild,

It. (fe-J-ro).

Fiero, Fifth.

An

interval containing five degrees.

It.

(fe-goo-ra).

A

motive; a group of notes.

It.

Figurate counterpoint,

(fe-goo-ra-ti).

somewhat rapid phrases or changing and passing notes. sisting of

Fin, Fr. (fan^).

close.

End,

Last

It. (fe-wa-le).

Finale,

mental composition in an opera.

;

movement

It.

(/?-ne).

End,

close.

Fino,

//.

(y^-no).

Till,

up

It.

//.

Fioche"tto,

To

(fen-que).

(fe-5-&-t6).

FiorltO, It. (fe-6-r^-to). F $. Fis, Ger. (is). Fistel, Ger. (/&-t'l).

Flat.

A

character

lowers 6,

old ;

5,

it

of a vocal or instru-

also the closing

Fine,

Flnqui,

Counterpoint configures containing

to,

number

of an act

as far as.

this place.

Faint, veiled.

Florid, embellished.

Feigned voice. Falsetto. which when placed before a note

(k)

a half-tone.

odd ;

6,

done ; oo, moon

; u, lute ; u,

but ;

U,

(French),

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

28 ,

//.

Mournful.

(/&?-be-le).

Flexible.

It. (fles-j^-be-le).

Flessibile,

A

flourish. F16reo, Sp. (yfJ-ra-o). Florid. term given to music embellished with figures,

A

runs, etc.

Fliichtig, Ger. (fltikh-tig).

Fluted, Fr. (yf-ta).

F6co,

Fire, ardor.

It. (/<J-k5). //.

Focosissimo,

Lightly, hastily.

Soft, sweet.

Fois, Fr. (fwa). Time. Folatre, Fr. (io-latr). Playful,

F6rte,

Very ardently.

(f6-k6-zr-se-m6).

It. (for-te).

lively.

Loud.

As loud

Forte possibile, //. (for-te p6s-j
Very loud.

It. (for-ter-se-mo).

To

F6rtsingen, Ger. (/0r/-sing-en). F6rza, It. (/
Forzando, chord

For z are,

To

It. (for-tsa-re).

Franche"zza,

term used when a note or

strengthen.

interval containing four degrees. It.

(fran-&?/f-za).

Fred6nner, Fr. (fra-atf-na). Frei, Ger. (in).

Frescame'nte, Fresco,

continue singing.

to be strongly accented.

An

Fourth.

A

It. (for-tsdn-dd).

is

as possible.

Confidence, freedom.

To

triU, to

shake.

Free.

//.

(fres-ka-wJ-te).

It. (fres-Vio).

Vigorously.

Vigorous.

Frdtta, It. (frM-ta.). Haste, speed. Freude, Ger. (/roy-de). Joy.

Freudengesang, Ger. (/r0y-d'n-ge-sdng&). Freudig, Ger. (froy-dlg). Frisch, Ger. a, ale ; a,

(frish).

add ;

a,

Song

of joy.

Joyful

Lively, vigorous.

care ;

a,

arm ;

e,

eve ;

e,

end ;

!,

ice ;

i, *'//

;

OF MUSICAL TERMS It.

Frlvolo,

Frivolous,

(fre-vo-\o).

Frb'hlich, Ger. (/r^-llkh).

trifling.

Joyous, gay. Funereal, mournful.

Funebre, Fr. (fu-n/dr). Funf-stimmig, Ger. (funf-shtim-mig). It. (foo-J-ko).

Fu6co, Furia,

It.

Fur6re,

ft.

(foo-rJ-re).

Fuss, Ger. (foos).

The

|

_ _. It. (foo-re-0-zo).

Fusa, Lat. (yw-sa).

G.

five parts.

Fury, passion. _ ( r unous, passionate.

(foo-re-&7-do).

.

Funoso,

For

Fire, spirit.

It. (foo-rz-a.).

Furib6ndo,'

2Q

Fury, passion, vehemence.

A

quaver. Foot.

tone in the natural diatonic scale.

fifth

Gay, brisk.

Gaglidrdo, It. (gal-ye-a>-do). Gai, Fr. (ga). Lively, gay.

It. (ga-ya-/#-te). Gaily, cheerfully. Galante, Fr. (ga-lan^) and It. (ga-/a-te). Graceful. Galanterstyl, Ger. (ga-/a^-er-shtel). Free style; ideal

Gajame'nte,

Gamut.

A

scale, or staff

key of G. Ganz, Ger. (gants).

;

also

Whole,

style.

an old English term for the

entire

;

also, all, very.

Ganz langsam, Ger. (gants lang-sa.m). Very slowly. Ganze note, Ger. (^a'w-tse wo-te). A whole note. Garbatamente,

It.

(gar-ba-ta-wzJ-te).

Gargdntear, Sp. (gar-^aw-te-ar).

Gauche, Fr. (gozh). Left. Gaudlnte, It. (ga-oo-
It.

(ga-oo-de-J-z5).

To

Gracefully.

quaver; to warble.

)

)

Gayme'nte, Sp. (ghe-mdn-te). Gaily, lively. The character used to fix the position of one G-clef. lined G on the staff also called treble-clef. ;

o,

old ; 5, odd ;

6,

done ; oo, moon

; u,

lute ; u, but ;

ii,

(French}.

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

30

Gebr6chen, Ger. (ghe-^^J-kh'n). Broken, arpeggioed. Gebr6chene akk6rde, Ger. (ghe-rJ-kh'n ak-^Jr-de). Broken chords.

Gebunden, Ger. (ghe-&w-d'n). Tied, legato. Gedampft, Ger. (ga-ddmpff). Muted. Pleasure, liking. Gefallen, Ger. (ghe^2/-'n). Graceful. Gefallig, Ger. (ghe/a/-lig). Gefuhl, Ger. (ghe-fiM). Emotion, expression. Gehalten, Ger. (ghe-/*a/-t'n). Held, sustained.

Ghend,

Andante.

Ger. (^vf-end).

Gelassen, Ger.

Calm.

(ghe-/a'j-s'n).

Fluent. Gelaufig, Ger. (ghe-Ay-fig). Gelaufigkeit, Ger. (ghe-Ay-fig-kit). Celerity, fluency, velocity. Gemachsam, Ger. (ghe-md&A-sam). ) Comfortable, easy-

Gemachlich, Ger. (ghe-ma&A-Hkh). ) going. Gemahlig, Ger. (ghe-;w
Gemuth,

Soul, feeling.

Gemuthlich, Ger. (ghe-w^-likh). Gener6so,

It.

Gentil. Fr. (zhan^-tel). Gentfle,

It.

_

GraCeful \

(jen-^-le).

Gerdde taktart, Ger.

)

Common

(ghe-^
A

Geriesel, Ger. (ghe-r^-z'l). Ges, Ger. (ghes). Gb.

Gesang, Ger. (ghe-ja^). melody,

Expressive.

Noble, dignified.

(ja-ne-rJ-zo).

soft,

time.

murmuring sound.

Art of singing; song, hymn,

air.

Geschick, Ger. (ghe-sAM).

Skill, dexterity.

Slurred, legato. Geschleift, Ger. (ghe-j/4/y?). Geschwind, Ger. (ghe-sAvfnd). Rapid, swift.

Gesteigert, Ger. (ge-j^A"-ghert). a,

ale ; a,

add ;

a,

care

;

a,

arm ;

Crescendo. e,

eve ;

e,

end ;

I,

ice

; T,

ill ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS Getheilt, Ger. (ghe-#). Geteilte, Ger.
31

)

I

Getrdgcn Ckr (ghe-^-g'n).

Gezogen, 6Vr. Gioche'vole,

It.

Giocondame'nte, Gioc6so, Gi6ja,

Confidently.

//. (je-6-&?-v6-le).

Giocolarme'nte,

//.

Giocdndo,

It.

Giusto,

It.

Playful.

Joy. Jovial, cheerful.

Jubilant.

(joo-be-/^zo). (joo-5-&z'-te).

Playful.

Suitable, strict, (tempo-giusto), exact

It. (joos-to).

fast.

Allegro giusto, moderately

Giust^zza,

Precision.

It. (joos-6?/-sa).

Smooth, even. Glatt, Ger. (glat). Alike, equal. Gleich, Ger. (gllkh). Gleichstimmig, Ger. (^/f^^-shtim-mig). Gleiten, Ger.

(glt-t'n).

Glissdndo,

//.

G16sa, Sp.

(glo-za.).

Gorg6ggio,

//.

Joyfully, gaily.

Gay.

(je-6-
Gioviale, //. (je-6-ve-a-le). Gl. Gis, Ger. (ghls). It.

Merrily.

(je-o-k6n-da-/J-te).

It. (iz-o-ko-zo).

Giuocante,

Playfully.

(je-5-ko-lar-w-te).

It. (je-J-ya).

Giubil6so,

J

(get-eo-g'n).

Getrost, Ger. (ghe-trost).

To

(gles-jaw-do).

A

Harmonious.

glide.

Gliding.

variation.

A

(gor-^
trill,

a shake, in singing.

Gout, Fr. (goo). Taste, style. Grace. An embellishment not essential to the melodic or harmonic structure of a composition. The long appogit was written as a small giatura is an exception (grace) note in order to evade the rule against the use of unprepared dissonances. ;

6,

old ; 8, odd ;

6,

done ; oo, moon

; u, lute ;

ii,

out ;

ii,

(French}.

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

32

Gracieux. Fr. t

(e-rd-si-uh).

u-1-/

,

Gracile,

r , It. (^ra-che-le).

)

Graceful.

l

)

Gradualme'nte, It. (gra.-doo-a.\-mdn-tS). ' _ , , ,, Graduellement, Pr. (gra.-d'wel-ma.n&). ..

Grand, Fr. (gran^). It.

Granddzza,

Grdn gusto,

Dignity, grandeur.

(gran-de-J-zo).

It.

//.

(gra-ve).

Tempos. A term used movement. Gravisonante, It.

Gradually.

Large, great.

(gran-^f^-sa).

Grati6so, It. Grave, Fr. (grav) and

Grazia,

r

\

Grand, majestic. (gran goos-to). Lofty, elevated. Grazioso. (gra-te-J-zo).

It.

Grandi6so,

\ )

It.

One

of the slowest

and serious

to denote a slow

(gra-ve-zo-wa'w-te).

Loud

sounding.

Grace.

(,ro-tse-a).

Graceful. Grazi6so, It. (gra-tse-J-zo). Greater. Major. Shrill, acute. Grell, Ger. (grell).

Low

Grob, Ger. (grob).

voice, bass.

Gross, Ger. (gros).

Grupp6tto,

It.

Great, grand, major. (grup-/#-to). At the present time this term

is

given to the turn and various groups of grace-notes. Guerrie'ro, It. (gwer-re-J-ro).

Gusto,

It.

H. Ger.

Taste.

(goos-to).

The note

Hallen, Ger.

Halt, Ger.

B.

To

(kal-Yri).

(halt).

Martial.

Tenderness.

Gunst, Ger. (goonst).

A

hold

sound, to clang. (/r\).

Hardiment, Fr. (Mr-di-man/i). Boldly. Harm6nieux, Fr. (har-mo-rii-u&). Harmonious. Harmdnisch, Ger. (har-/wJ-msh). Harmonic. a, ale ; a,

add ;

a,

care

;

a,

arm ;

e,

eve ;

e,

end ;

I,

ice ;

i,

*'//;

OF MUSICAL TERMS Harmony.

The

art of

and the placing

combining tones of

in their correct position

33 different pitch,

and

relation

of

the chords so formed,

Hart, Ger. (hart).

Hard, major. Hart-klinfend, Ger. (hiirt-kltng-zvvS). Hate, Fr. (hat). Haste, speed.

Harsh.

Haupt, Ger. (howpt). Head, chief, principal. Haut, Fr. (h5). High, acute. Head voice. The upper register of the voice. He"ftig, Ger. (A/f-tig).

Passionate, violent.

Heimlich, Ger. (Atm-Hkh). Mysterious. Heiss, Ger. (hiss). Ardent. Serene, cheerful. Heiter, Ger. (^f-ter). Clear, bright. Hell, Ger. (hel).

Helle stimme, Ger.

(^//-le

Herv6rgeh6ben,

Ger.

A

sAt?m-n).

To

Heraufgehen, Ger. (har-0w//"-ga'n). Heroic. Grand, noble, bold.

clear voice.

ascend.

(har^or-ghe-^-b'n).

Brought

into

prominence. Herv6rhe1>end, Ger. (htryjr-^-bend).

)

Hervdrtretend, Ger. (har^r-tre-tend).

)

Herzig, Ger. (Atrt-zig).

1

Herzlich, Gtr. (Aerts-\ikh).

}

Hirtlich, Ger. (h!rt-\\\sh). His, Ger. (his). B*.

Hdhe, Ger.

Ger. (hoJik-moot). (^<$-he).

High

inence.

Pastoral.

Hoch, Ger. (hokh). High, acute. Hochfeierlich, Ger. (Ao&A-ft-er-likb).

H6chmuth,

Bringing into prom-

Very solemn.

Pride, dignity.

pitch; high register.

H6heit, Ger. (Ao-tiit). Dignity. Hold. The character /r\ placed over or under a note indi6,

old ; o, odd ; 6, done ; oo,

moon ;

u, lute ; u,

but ; u, (French).

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

34

eating that such a note is to be prolonged beyond its The hold is also placed over a bar or time-value.

double-bar indicating a pause before proceeding to the

next measure or movement.

It

may

also indicate

the end of the composition. Homophone, Fr. The enharmonic of any tone, as g of fx. tions in plain

A

)

A

ef,

>

harmony. given to compositions of a or fantastic style.

title

Hiirtig, Ger. (A00r-t\g).

Hymn.

of

In modern music a term used for composi-

Homophonic. Humoresque. Humoreske.

f

humorous

Quick, swift.

religious or sacred song, usually intended to

be

sung by a congregation. The.

II, It. (el).

IlaritA, It. (e-lar-e-Ai).

II

Hilarity.

piu f6rte possible, loud as possible.

II

It.

(el

pe-oo for-te p6s-j^-be-le).

volteggidre, It. (el vol-ted-je-a-re). playing the piano.

Immer,

Ger. (#-mer).

Impatie*nte,

It.

//.

Imperi6so,

As

Crossing the hands in

Always.

(em-pa-te-
Restless, vehement.

Haughty,

(em-pa-re-J-zo).

lofty.

ImpetO, It. (em-pe-to). Impetuosity. Impetu6so, It. (em-pa-too-J-zo). Impetuous. Impone'nte, In,

It.

It.

(em-po-a-te).

and Ger.

Inacutire,

Imposing, impressive.

Into, in.

To make

//. (en-"a-koo-#-re).

Inbrunst, Ger. (i-broonst).

Inbrunstig, Ger. (r-briins-tig). a,

ale ; a,

add ;

a,

care

;

"a,

sharp.

Ardor, fervor.

arm ;

Ardent, fervent. e,

eve

;

,

end ;

I,

ice ;

T,

ill;

OF MUSICAL TERMS It.

Incalzando,

//.

Indeciso,

(en-kon-s6-/a-t6).

It.

Indifferdnte,

Furiously. Indifferent, careless.

(en-def-fe-r
Infernal.

//. (en-far-
It. (en-f&r-v5-ra-to).

InfervoratO,

Disconsolate.

Undecided.

(en-de-^-zo).

It. (en-dan-j/0-to).

Indegnato, Infernale,

Cannot be sung.

(en-kan-/ii'-ble).

It.

Inconsolato,

Increasing in time and tone.

(en-cal-saw-do).

Incantable, Sp.

Infiammatamnte,

//.

35

Fervent, impassioned.

In an ex-

(en-fe-am-ma-ta-z
cited manner.

In fretta,

It.

(en/r/Ma).

It.

Infuriante,

In haste.

It. (en-foo-re-a-to).

Infuridto,

Furious.

(en-foo-re-
Enraged.

Skill, discretion. Ing^gno, It. (en-^dn-yo) Conception, subject matter. Inhalt, Ger. (in-fialt). Innig, Ger. (?n-nig). Fervent, intense. .

Fervency of

Innigkeit, Ger. (fo-mg-kit).

Inno,

//.

(en-no). It.

Innoc^nte,

It.

Inqui^to,

Restless.

It.

It.

(en-rfaw-te).

Imperceptible.

Urgently.

(en-ses-Afw-do).

Instandig, Ger. (in-sAtan-dig) Instante,

Natural.

(en-n5-f,
(en-que--to).

It. (en-sen-j^-be-le).

Insensibile, Insiste'ndo,

feeling.

Hymn.

}

.

)

Instantem6nte, //. (en-stan-te -man-te). Instantly. Instrumentation. The art of composing, arranging, or adapting music for several instruments of various Orchestration.

kinds.

In te'mpo,

It.

Intenzionato, Intercalare, 5, old ; 6,

(en fdm-po). It.

//.

odd ;

In time.

(en-tar-ka-/
6,

With emphasis. The burden of a song.

(en-tan-tse-o-wa-to). .

done ; oo, moon

; u,

lute ; u, but ;

ii,

(French),

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

36

An

Interlude.

of a

instrumental strain played after the stanza An intermezzo.

or song.

hymn

Intermede, Fr.

Interlude.

(an^-ter-wz/if ).

Intermezzo, It. (en-tar-*w<-so). A title given to instrumental compositions of various kinds, also to certain short movements in a symphony or suite an interme;

movement.

diate

Inter r6tto,

Interrupted, broken.

It. (en-tar-r<57-t5).

Interruption. Interruzi6ne, It. (en-tar-root-se-J-ne). The difference in pitch between two tones. Interval.

Intimo,

//.

To sound the keynote. production, either vocal or instrumental. Set to musk. (en-to-
(en-to-
Tone

It.

Intonato,

Intrada,

It.

Intre'pido,

Heartfelt.

(
Intonate, //. Intonation.

A

(en-tra-da).

It.

(en-^ra-pe-do).

prelude. Bold.

A

title given to short instrumental pieces in free contrapuntal style in which the theme or subject was developed according to the composer's pleasure.

Invention.

Ira, //. (e-ra).

Iratame'nte, Irresolute,

Anger, passion.

//. (e-ra.-t'a.-mdn-te).

It.

Angrily, passionately. Hesitating, irresolute.

(er-ra-zo-Aw-to).

tSmpo, It. (es-t3s-so tSm-po). Same time. A term which indicates that the tempo of either the measure or measure-note remains the same as before, even

Iste'sso

though the time-signature

is

changed.

to indicate a return to the former

tempo

used

It is also

after

an

inter-

ruption of the movement.

Istrpito, con,

A

short shake, or

I trovatdri, //. (e tro-va-j'J-re). a, ale ; a,

add ;

With

It. (es-trd-pe-to).

Italian mordent.

a,

care ;

a,

arm ;

The e,

noise and bluster.

trill.

troubadours.

eve ;

e,

end ;

i,

ice ;

I,

*//;

OF MUSICAL TERMS Jaeger-chOr, Ger. (^J-gher-k5r)

Jagd, Ger. (yagd). Hunting. Jagdhorn, Ger. (yagd-horn).

37

Hunting chorus.

.

Hunting horn.

Hunting-piece. Jagdstiick, Ger. (yagd-shtiik). Jauchzend, Ger. (yow&A-tsend). Shouting, joyful. Jouer, Fr. (zhoo-a). To play.

The

Jubilate.

looth psalm.

Jugue'te, Sp. (hoo-yoo-J-te).

Juste, Fr.

True,

(zhiist).

Kadenz, Ger.

(/fca-denz).

A

carol.

just, accurate.

Cadence.

Ger. (&am-mer). Chamber or small hall. Kammer-conceit, Ger. (Adm-mer-kon-ts/rt). Chamber con-

Kammer, cert.

Kammer-musik,

Chamber music. Chamber music style.

Ger. (fcam-mer-moo-zik).

Kammer-styl, Ger. (&w-mer-shtel). Kdnon, Ger. (M-non). Canon. Keck, Ger. (kek). Bold.

Keckheit, Ger. (&?-hit). Boldness, dash. Kehle, Ger. (&?-le). The voice, the throat. Kettentriller, Ger.

(/&#-t'n-tril-ler).

A

chain of

trills.

Key. The succession of tones which form the major or minor scale. Key-note.

Key

The

tonic, or first degree of a diatonic scale.

The sharps

signature.

The

C

exceptions

major and

A

placed after the

or

placed after the clef. are the keys of minor, which have no sharps or flats to

this

flats

definition

clef.

Kinderscenen, Ger. (/W-der-san-en). Kinderstiicke,

Ger.

Scenes of childhood.

(#2-der-shtu-ke).

Compositions for

children. 6,

old ;

6,

odd ;

&,

done ; oo, moon

; u, lute ; u,

but ;

u,

(French)

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

38

Childlike

Kindlich, Ger. (&W-likh).

with unaffected sim-

;

plicity.

Church-music.

Kirchenmusik, Ger. (&fr-kh'n-tnoo-zik). Klage, Ger. (//a-ghe). Lamentation. Klang, Ger. (klang). A sound or tone.

Concert-room.

Klang-saal, Ger. (klang-sal). Klarheit, Ger. (//a>-hft).

Clearness.

Klarlich, Ger. (/5r-likh). Clearly. Klavier, Ger. (kla-fer). In modern usage, a pianoforte of

any kind. Klein, Ger.

Small

(kiln).

Klingbar, Ger.

minor.

;

Resonant.

(klfng-\)i.r).

K6misch, Ger. (&dm-ish). Comical. Komponieren, Ger. (kom-p6--ren). To compose. Komp6nist, Ger. (kom-/J-nist). Composer. Konzeit, Ger.

Concert; concerto.

(kon-tstrt).

Ger.

Konzeitmeister,

(kon-ts2rt-mts-ter).

Leader,

first

violin.

Kopf, Ger. (k5pf).

Kopfstimme,

Head. Head-voice.

Ger. (/<^/"-shtim-me).

Kraft, Ger. (kraft).

Energy, force. Kraftig, Ger. (&ra/-tig). Vigorous. Kriegerisch, Ger. (^ri?-gher-ish).

Martial, warlike.

Kriegs-gesang, Ger. (kregs-g\&-sangk). Kriegs-lied, Ger. (kregs-led). Kiihn, Ger. (kiin). Short.

Kunst, Ger. (koonst). Kurz, Ger. (koorts).

\

)

Art.

Short.

Kiirzen, Ger. (>&>-tsen).

To

Kurz und bestimmt, Ger.

abridge.

(koorts

oond

be-sfitfmt).

Short

and decided. a, ale ; a,

add ;

a,

care

; a,

arm

; e, eve ; e,

end ;

I,

ice ;

i,

ill ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS Abbreviation.

Kurzung, Ger. (/&r-tsoongk).

A

La, Fr, and It. (la). The note of the diatonic scale.

La chasse,

Fr.

Lacrimoso.

.

}

La

It. (lan-ya-z/0-le).

It.

Lamentdbile,

Lamentando, Lamente'vole,

Lament6so,

It.

It.

It.

Lampons, Fr.

style.

)

The

de"stra, It. (la das-tr'a.).

degree

Mournful.

}

Lagnevole,

also the sixth

;

Hunting

(la shass).

It. (Ia-cre-#z0-zo)

39

right hand.

(la-men-ta-be-le). ^

(la-men -tan-do). (la-men-&?-vo-le).

I

In a sad,

f

lamenting

style.

(la-menVJ-zo). (lan^-pon/z).

Landler, Ger. (land-\zr).

Germany and

A

Drinking songs. slow waltz belonging to South

Austria.

Land-lied, Ger. (land-led).

A

rustic song.

Langsam, Ger. (tdng-sam). Slow. Langsamer, Ger. (/aM^--sa-mer). Slower. Languemente, //. (lan-gue-/w Plaintive, languishing. ) Languido, It. (/a-gue-do). Largam6nte, It. (ya.r-ga.-man te). In a broad style without changing the time. Largando, It. (lar-^a-do). Large, Fr. Lar ghetto,

(larzh).

[marked.

Somewhat slower and more

Sostenuto.

//. (lar-^-J^-tS).

A

movement not

quite so slow

as large.

Larghissimo, Largo,

It.

It.

(lar-^-se-mo). Extremely slow. Broad, slow, and stately the slowest

(far-go).

;

tempo-mark. 6,

old ;

6,

odd ;

6,

done ; oo, moon

; u, lute ; u,

but ; u, (French )

.

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

40

Lastimosame'nte, Sp. (las-te-mo-za-*
La

In a doleful

A

term indicating that a pas to be played in quicker time. run. Laufer, Ger. (7<w-fer). Launenstuck, Ger. (low-nen-shtiik). voluntary. Launig, Ger. (/
sage

A

A

Loud a

Laut, Ger. (lowt).

Lauten, Ger.

La

v6ce,

;

sound.

To ring, to sound. The voice. J-che).

(Aw-t'n).

//. (la

A

melody, song, or tune. Le, Fr. and //. (le). The. cue also the giving-out of a theme by one part. Lead. Leader. Conductor.

Lay.

A

;

Leading-note.

The seventh

monic minor Leaning-note.

degree of the major and har-

scales.

Appoggiatura.

Ger. (/J-b'n). Life, vivacity. Lebendig, Ger. (la-^-dlg). ) y, J L^bhaft, Ger. (/^-haft).

Lben,

^

mate
Lecon, Fr. (la-son^). A lesson, study. Leer* Saiten, Ger. (lar sl-t'n). Open strings. Legdbile,

It. (le-^a-be-le).

Legando,

//.

Legare,

(le-,fa-do).

//. (le-^a-re). //.

Legal isaimo,

To

Smooth. Slurring. slur,

or bind.

Very smooth and con-

(Ie-ga-/^j-se-m6).

nected.

Legato,

It. (le-^o to).

Legato assai,

//.

In a smooth and connected manner.

(le-^a-to as-sa-e).

Very close and con-

nected.

Legatura, a,

ale ; a,

It.

(le-ga-^^o-ra).

add;

a,

care ;

a,

A arm

tie; ;

e,

a syncopation. eve ;

i,

end ;

I,

ice ;

I,

ill ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS Leger, Fr. (la-zha). Legere, /V. (la-zhar).

u

)

fa

J

Le'gerete', Fr. (la-z^4-re-ta).

Leggnda,

It. (\ed-jdn-da).

Leggergzza, Leggeio,

Agility, lightness.

A

legend, a

//. (led-jer-<#-tsa).

Leggerme'nte,

It.

//.

With

tale.

Lightness.

(led-jer-z
It. (led-jd-ro).

Leggiadram^nte,

41

Lightly.

lightness.

(led-je-a-dra-wJ-te).

Elegantly, grace-

fully.

Leggiadro,

//. (led-je-a-dro).

Leggierame'nte, Leggierme'nte, Leggiero,

It.

It.

Brisk and cheerful.

(led-je-ar-a-zd-te).

(led-je-er-d-te).

Leicht, Ger. (likht).

Lightly.

)

//. (led-je-J-ro).

Leidenschaft, Ger.

^ >

Light, brisk, easy. (/f-d'n-shaft).

Passion, vehemence, fer-

vency.

Leidenschaftlich, Ger. Leise, Ger.

Leitakkord, suggests

(/ii/-en-shaft-likh).

Ger. (Kt-ak-kord). its

Passionately.

Soft, low.

(//-ze).

own

Leading chord, one that

resolution.

Scale. Leiter, Ger. (#-ter). Leiter-fremd, Ger. (/f-ter-fremd). Accidental flats or sharps which do not belong to the key.

Leitm6tiv, Ger. (\it-mo-tif). Leading motive. A musical phrase used to indicate a character or an incident in

an opera, oratorio, or music drama. The leitmotiv also found in various pieces of program-music. Leit-ton, Ger. (/#-ton).

Lno,

//. (Id-no).

Lent, Fr. (lanA). Lentame'nte, 6,

//.

is

Leading-note.

Faint, feeble.

Slow. (len-ta->wJ-te).

old ; 8, odd ; 6, done

;

oo,

moon ;

Slowly. u, lute ; u,

but ;

ii,

(French).

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

42

Lentando, It. (len-/a-do). Slackening the , Lentement, Fr. (lan^t-manA). )

tims.

.

Lenteme'nte, It. (lan-te-/
It.

Lente'zza,

It.

Lento, Lesser.

Slow.

Minor, smaller. It.

(\es-t'a.-mdn-te).

Lestissimo,

It. (les-tef-se-mo).

It. (Ids-to).

Letterale,

(le

brisk.

Literal.

//. (let-ter-al-zaw-te).

//. (le-w^-tsa).

Liaison, Fr.

Very

Lively, brisk.

It. (let-te>a'-le).

Letteralm^nte,

Briskly.

Briskness.

It. (les-/ff/-tsa).

Lestezza,

Leve'zza,

Very slow.

(len-ter-se-mo).

(/Jw-to).

Lestame'nte,

L6sto,

>

(len-M/-tsa).

It.

Lentissimo,

Literally.

Lightness, levity.

A

a-zon^).

tie.

Liberame"nte, It. (le-be-ra-z^-te). Librement, Fr. (lebr-manh).

)

Freel

easily<

)

Free, unrestrained. Libero, It. (/^-be-ro). Tied, legato. Li6, Fr. (li-d).

Love-song. Liebeslied, Ger. (/?-bes-led). Sweet, lovely, charming. Lieblich, Ger. (/^3-likh). Lie", coulant, Fr. Lied, Ger. (led).

Liedchen, Ger.

(li-a

Slurred, flowing.

koo-lan^).

Song.

(/(?
A

short song.

Lieder-buch, Ger. (/
Song-book.

Song-writer. Lieder-dichter, Ger. (te-der-df&A-ter). series of songs. Lieder-kreis, Ger. (/^-der-kris). Lieder ohne Worte, Ger. (#-der ^ne z/Jr-te). Songs without

A

words. Lieder-spiel, Ger. (/^-der-shpel). a, ale ; a,

add ;

a,

care

;

a,

arm;

e,

An eve

operetta. ;

e,

end ;

T,

ice ;

i,

*'//,

OF MUSICAL TERMS tafler, Ger. (/^-der /J-fler).

Lieder

43

Glee-singers.

It. (le-.ja-to)

Legato. Ligature. A group of notes to be sung to one syllable, in one breath, or phrased legato. Also a tie or syncopaLigato,

tion.

Linke Hand, Ger. (/f-ke hand). Lirico,

//. (/(?-re-ko).

Liscio,

ft. (/^-slie-o).

L'istsso timpo,

Left hand.

Lyric.

Smooth.

It.

(Fes-&?j-so tdm-po).

In the same time

as the previous movement.

Lo,

The.

It. (16).

Lob-gesang, Ger. (lob-$&-zangk}. Loco,

dicates that the notes are to

Lontano,

Lourd, Fr.

be performed as

in-

written.

Damper-pedal.

Heavy.

(loor).

Lour, Fr. (loo-ra). Luctuosamnte, Sp. Lugubre, Fr.

Lunga,

of praise.

Distant.

It. (lon-Ai-no).

Loud pedal.

Hymn

Occurring after 8va the term

Place.

It. (/
Slurred, legato,

(lii-gu-bruh)

It. (loon-gat.).

neath a hold

non staccato. Mournfully. Mournful.

(Iook-too-o-za-z5-te).

and

//.

Long.

(loo^w-bri).

When

signifies that the

it

placed above or behold is to be greatly

prolonged.

Lunga pausa, Lu6gO,

It.

It.

Lusingando, Lusingante,

It.

(loo-zen-^a-do).

It.

long pause.

Loco.

It. (loo-zen-f
Lusingh^vole,

A

(loon-ga. pa-oo-za).

(loo-J-go).

)

Coaxing )

)

(loo-zen-^-vo-le).

Lusinghevolm^nte,

It.

Coaxingly.

(loo-zen-ga-vol-wf-te).

Lusinghi^re,

It.

(loo-zen-ghe-J-re). '

)

,

\

It.

Coaxing.

Lusmghiero,

(loo-zen-ghe-J-ro).

)

6,

old ; 8, odd ;

6,

done ; oo, moon

; u, lute ; u,

but ;

)

ii,

(French),

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

44

Lustig, Ger.

Merry, gay.

(/cos-tig).

A merry song. Mournful.

Lustlied, Ger. (/mv/-led).

Lutt6so,

It. (looi-to-zo). It.

Luttuosame'nte,

Ma,

It.

Lyric.

But.

(ma).

A

vocal composition. mass.

Madrigal.

Maesa.

Mournfully.

(loot-too-6-za-/wJw-te).

Lyrisch, Ger. (#r-ish).

A

Maesta, //. (ma-es-Az). Maestade, It. (ma-es-Ai'-de). Maestate, It. (ma-es-^'-te.) MaesteVole,

It.

\

>

Majesty, dignity.

)

Majestic.

(ma-es-M-vo-le). It.

Maestevolissimo,

Very ma-

(ma-es-ta-vo-/
jestic.

Maestevolm^nte,

Maestosamnte, Maest6so,

//.

Maestrdle,

It.

it is

Maestro,

hi

)

Majestically;

)

with dignity.

Majestic, stately, dignified. The stretto of a fugue when (ma-es-/ra-le).

(ma-es-/J-zo).

(ma-5j-tro).

Maggiolata, Magisc6ro,

(ma-es-ta-v6l-#z
canon form.

It.

Maggi6re,

It.

It. (ma-es-t6-za-/w
It.

It.

Master, professor.

(mad-je-o-/ai-ta).

A May song.

Major, greater. (ma-jes-^ro). The head of a choir.

(mad-je-^re).

It.

Main, fr. (man^).

Hand.

Main droit, Fr. (manA drwa). Right hand. Main gauche, Fr. (man^ gosh). Left hand. Maitre, Fr. (matr).

Master.

Majestat, Ger. (ma-zhes-/'J/).

Majesty.

Majestatisch, Ger. (ma-zhes-/if-tlsh). Majeur, Fr. (ma-zhur). Major. a, ale ; a,

add ;

a,

care ;

a,

arm

; e,

eve ;

Majestic.

e,

end ;

I,

ice ;

T,

ill ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS

45

Greater.

Major.

Major bob. A full peal upon eight bells. Major chord. A chord having a major

third

and perfect

fifth.

A

key founded on the major scale, That form of the diatonic scale in which toe half-tones or steps occur between the third and fourth, also the seventh and eighth, degrees, all other intervals being whole tones. Major third. An interval containing three degrees and two

Major key. Major scale.

whole tones.

Major tonic. A major scale. Mai, Ger. (mal). Time. Malanc6nia, It. (ma-lan-/J-ne-a). Malenc6nia, It. (ma-len-
Malenc6nico,

//.

Malinc61ia,

(ma-len-^ne-k5).

Malinc6lico,

It.

(ma-len-^-le-ko).

Malinc6nia,

It.

(ma-len-^J-ne-a).

Malinconicame'nte,

Malinc6nico,

It.

Malinconi6so,

Malincon6so,

Mama,

It. It.

It.

5,

old ;

8,

(man-k'a). It.

odd ;

J

choly style.

term indicating the right hand in

The

left.

(man-/6o-do). 6,

f"

(ma-len-ko-ne-J -26).

A

melan-

!

(ma-len-k5-J-zo).

(ma-ma). drum music.

In a

(ma-len-ko-ne-ka-/
(ma-len-/<7-ne-k5).

//.

Manca, It. Mancando,

.

(ma-len-^-le-a).

Dying away.

done ; oo, moon ;

u, lute ;

\i,

but ;

ii,

(French),

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

46

Mand61a, It. (man-do-la.). A mandolin, or Mandoline. A kind of guitar. Mandora. f A small kind of lute or guitar. Mandore.

cithern.

'

Manica,

//.

Manieia,

(wa-ne-ka).

It.

Fingering.

(ma-ne-J-ra).

Maniere, Fr. (man-e-aV).

Manner, method, Manner.

style.

Manieren, Ger. (ma-ne-r'n). Embellishments, graces. Mannerchor, Ger. (#z#-ner-kor). A male chorus; also the name of a composition for such a chorus.

Mannergesangverein, Ger. male vocal society. Mano, It. (ma-no). Hand.

Mano Mano

(ma-no dret-te}. Right hand. (ma-no se-nes-tra). Left hand. The keyboard of an organ.

Dritta,

//.

Sinistra,

Manual. MarcAndo, Marcdto,

//.

//.

//.

(mar-^-do).

(mar-fci-to). //.

Marcatessimo, or accented.

These terms indicate

)

('

is

Very much marked

(mar-ka-/
il p6llice, It. (mar-^a-to el /J/-le-che). accent strongly the note played by the thumb. Marche, Fr. (marsh), It.

(mar-che-a). Marsch, Ger. (marsh).

Marciale,

//.

j >

A

that the

to be P erformed with distinctness and emphasis.

music

Marcato

Marcia,

A

(mdn-ner-ghe-zang-te-rin).

Mark

or

march.

)

(mar-che-a-le).

Mari6na, Sp. (ma-re- J-na). Markiert, Ger. (mar-kert).

Martial.

A

Spanish dance. Accented, marked.

Markiren, Ger. (mar-^-r'n). To mark, to accent. Marqu6, Fr. (mar-ka). Marked, accented. a, ale ; a,

add ;

a,

care

; a,

arm

; e,

eve

;

e,

end ;

!,

ice ;

i,

*'//;

OF MUSICAL TERMS

47

Marquer, Fr. (mar-ka). To mark, to accent. The Marseilles Marseillaise, Fr. (mar-sal-yaz). national anthem of France. Martele, Fr. (mar-te

:

la).

HammereA

j

Martellare,

//. (mar-tel-/a-re).

Martellato,

//.

It.

Marziale,

Mascherata,

It.

Stron

j

;

the

M

.

cented

[ )

(mar-tel-/a-to).

(mar-tse-a-le).

hymn

Martial, warlike.

Masquerade.

(ma-skeVa-ta).

Mass, Ger. (mass). Measure, time. Massig, Ger. (mas-sig). Measured, moderate. Massima, It. (mas-se-ma.). A semibreve. Matinata, It. (ma-te-wa-ta). A morning serenade. Mattutino delle tenebre, It. (mat-too-^-no dal-le te-w^-bre).

The

service of the Tenebrae.

Maul-trommel, Ger. (mowl-tr5m-mel). A Jew's harp. A Polish dance of Mazurka, Ger. (mz-tsoor-ka).

lively

character, in | or f time, with a peculiar rhythm. Measure. The space between two bars. metrical unit of

A

fixed time-value having a regular accent, and forming the smallest metrical subdivision of a composition.

Mede'simo,

The same.

//. (me-dT
The third degree of the diaMediant, Lat. (wJ-di-ant). tonic scale. M6diante, Fr. (ma-di-aw^^). ) Medius, Lat. (ma-di-us). The tenor part. Mehr, Ger. (mar). More. Mehr-stimmig, Ger. (mar-j^/r-mig). For several voices. )

Mehr stimmiger gesang,

Ger. (mar sAtim-mi-gher $&-zangk).

A

glee or part song. Meister, Ger. (wm-ter). Master.

Meister-sanger, Ger. (mfs-ter-sdng-er).

Master singer min-

strel.

5,

old ;

6,

odd ;

o,

done

;

oo,

moon ;

u, lute ; u,

but

ii,

{French}.

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

48

Meister-stiick, Ger. (wzw-ter-shtiik). It.

Melancdlia,

Masterpiece. )

(ma-lan-^J-le-a).

*

Melancholic, Fr. (ma-laa*-k6-le). \ Melange, Fr. (ma.-Ianz&). medley.

A A

Melisma, Gk. (me-/&-ma).

melodic ornament or embel-

lishment.

Melismatic.

Mel6de,

//.

Ornamented, embellished. (ma-/J-de).

^

> Melody. Melodic, Fr. (md-lo-de). ) Melodeon. A kind of small reed organ.

Mel6dia,

It.

Mel6dico,

(ma-/J-de-a).

It. (ma-/
Cantando.

Melody. A succession of any number of single notes. Sometimes used to denote the tune or air of a composition as separate from the bass or accompaniment. Melologue. A combination of recitative and music. Melopa, It. (ma-lo-/-a). Music in general words and music combined. Melopomenos, Gr. (mel-5-/^/w-e nos). Vocal melody. ;

Melos, Gk. (md-16s).

Meme,

Fr. (mam).

Me"n allegro,

//.

Melody.

The same.

(man

al-/
M&iestrel, Fr. (ma-nes-trel).

M6no,

M6no

It.

(md-no).

f6rte,

Menschen

Less quick.

Minstrel.

Less.

Less loud. (md-nofor-te). stimme, Ger. (men-sh'n s/ttim-me). It.

Human

voice.

Mn vivo,

It.

(men

ve-vo).

Less

spirit.

A

Mescolanza, //. (mes-ko-/a-tsa). M6ssa, It. (mds-sa).

)

add ;

a,

care

; a,

arm ;

,.

\ TyTacc

Messe, Ger. (m?s-se) and Fr. (mdss). a, ale ; a,

medley.

e,

)

eve ;

e,

end ;

I,

ice ;

I, *'///

OF MUSICAL TERMS Mdssa

di v6ce,

de

It. (mds-s'a.

z/J-che").

49

The

crescendo and

diminuendo of the voice on a sustained note

It.

Mestizia,

It.

Me"sto,

It.

Mest6so,

(mes-ta-#zJ-te).

Plaintively.

>

(mds-to).

It.

thus

Sadness.

(mes-#-tse-a).

Mestame'nte,

;

(mes-to-zo).

)

Measure.

Me"sure, Fr. (ma-ziir).

(ma.-tal). Strength; compass of the voice. Metallo, It. (ma-/a/-lo). ringing quality of voice. Meter, metre. The rhythmic element of music; the

Metal, Sp.

A

sym

metrical grouping of musical rhythms ; the construction and pulsation of the phrase in music.

M6zza MSzzo,

v6ce, It.

It. (mdt-ts'a.

(mdt-tso).

Half power; half voice.

w-che).

Half.

Mzzo

f6rte, It. (mdt-tso for-te).

Mezzo

ligato,

Half as loud as

forte.

A

(mdt-tso le-^a-to). variety of pianoforte touch requiring a forcible stroke rather than a sudden //.

return of the finger.

Me"zzo piano, forte,

It.

(mdt-tso pe-#-no). soft as piano.

Me"zzo soprano,

It.

(mdt-tso so-#ra-no).

between soprano and Mi.

Not

so loud as mezza

and not so

Name

of the note

The female

voice

alto.

E

Third de-

in France, Italy, etc.

gree of the diatonic scale. Middle C. One lined C. Treble.

** 5,

Bass. -&>-

r\

-G-

old ; 6, odd ; 6, done ; oo,

moon ;

u, lute ; u,

but ;

ii,

(french).

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY Tenor and

Middle voices.

Mi

diese, Fr.

(me

dl-dz).

Mignon, Fr. (men-yon^).

alto voices.

Ej. Favorite.

Militairement, Fr. (mil-e-tdr-ma.r\A). '

In military

MihtarmSnte, //. (me-le-tar-*
It.

Minaccevolmnte,

style.

Military music.

(me-naW/z,?-vo-le). It.

(me-nat-che-

v6l-za-te).

In a menacing, Minacciando, It. (me-nat-che-a-do). U _ _ __. _ , ... threatening, manner. Minacciosamente, //. (me-nat-che-o.

,

Minacci6so,

It.

M incur, Minor.

Fr. (mi-nur).

A

J

(me-nat-che-J-z5).

Minder, Ger. (#*z-der).

Minim.

I

,

,

...

Minor, Minor.

less.

half note.

Smaller.

Minor chord. A chord having a minor third and perfect fifth. Minor interval. A minor interval contains one half-tone less

than a major; thus;

Major Third.

Minor Third.

Minor key. A key founded on the minor scale. Minor scale. That form of the diatonic scale in which the first and third degrees form a minor third. Minor third. An interval containing three degrees and one whole tone and a half.

a, ale ; a,

add ;

a,

care

;

a,

arm;

e,

eve ;

e,

end ;

I,

ice

;

T,

/// ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS

5

I

Minue, Sp. (mt-noo-a.). A minuet. Minuet. The name of a slow, stately dance, said to have been invented in France about the middle ot the i7th century.

Minue"tto,

//.

(me-noo-^-to).

Misch-Masch (mish-mash).

A minuet. A medley.

Misshallig, Ger. (wfrj-hal-lig).

Discordant.

Missklang, Ger.

Dissonance.

(mfss-kla.ngk).

Misteriosame'nte,

Mister i6so, Misura,

It.

Misurato,

It.

It.

(mes-tar-e-o-za-wa-te).

(mes-tar-e-J-zS).

A

(me-soo-ra). It.

measure.

(me-soo-ra-to).

Measured

in exact time.

A

half cadence.

With.

Mit, Ger. (mtt).

Mittelkadenz, Ger. (wztf-tl-ka dents). Mittelstimme,GVr. (wft-t'l-shtim-me). M6bile,

Mode.

//.

(wJ-be-le).

An inner part or voice.

With easy movement.

Key.

Mode're', Fr. (mo-da-ra).

Moderate.

Moderate, //. (mod-e-ra-to). Moderna. (mo-ddr-ria). ) __

Mysteriously.

Mysterious.

_

,,

..

;

> It.

Moderate degree of speed.

Modem.

Mod^rno, (mo-Mr-no), y Modinha, (mo-Jen-a.). A Portuguese song. M6do, It. (mo-do). Mode; style. Modulation. Passing from one key to another. Moduliren, Ger. (mo-doo-^-r'n). To modulate. Modulo, Lat. (mo-du-lo). To modulate, to compose. Moll, Ger. (moll).

Minor.

Moll akkord, Ger. (mol ak-kord). Minor chord. Moll dreiklang, Ger. (mol
old ;

6,

odd ;

6,

done ; oo, moon

; u, lute ; u,

but ; U, (French).

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

52

Molleme'nte, It. (mol-le-wzJw-te). Softly, gently. Moltisondnte, It. (mol-te-z6-a-te). Resounding.

M61to,

Much, very. Lai. (mo-w/w-tum).

//. (mol-\.o).

Momentum,

A quaver

rest.

For one voice. Monody, Ger. and Fr. Monodie (mon-6-a7), It. Monodia (mo-no-de-a). Music in which the melody is confined to a single part sometimes called the Homophonic Style. Monophonic. In one part only. Monodic.

;

A

grace performed by rapidly alternating a written note with the note on the next degree below. There

Mordent.

are two kinds, the simple or short

mordent

(<x)v)

which

consists of three notes, /s(v

Played.

and the long mordent (/vj^) in which the lower note appears twice or oftener.

,vVv >

Played.

or

OF MUSICAL TERMS Morndo,

It.

53

Dying away. Very soft, subdued M6sso, //. (mos-so). Moved. Motet. A sacred composition of the anthem style. (mo-rdn-do).

Mormorando,

ft.

(mor-mo-ran-do).

tone.

A

motive. Motif, Fr. (mo-tef). Motive. A short phrase or figure.

M6tO, //. (mo-to). Motion. Motteggiando, //. (m8t-tad-je-a-do). Bantering. Muance, Fr. (m\i-anAs). A change or variation of notes. Munter, Ger. (moon-ter). Lively. Munterkeit, Ger. (moon-ter-kit). Musica, Lat. (mu-si-ka), and It.

Musik, Ger.

Vivacity. .

(wtfo-ze-k'a).^

(moo-zik).

Change. A term much used in orchesmeaning that the performer is to change the pitch or key of his instrument. Mute. A contrivance used to deaden the tone of an Miita,

//.

(moo-ta).

tral scores,

instrument.

Math,

Ger. (moot).

Muthig, Ger.

Spirit.

(moo-tig).

Muthwillig, Ger.

Spirited, bold.

(moot-vft-lig).

Mutiren, Ger. (moo-#-r'n).

Nach, Ger. (nakh).

Mischievous,

To change the

After, according to,

lively.

voice.

at.

Nachahmung, Ger. (nak-a-moongk). Imitation. Nach belieben, Ger. (nakh be-#-b'n). At pleasure. Nach dem tact spielen, Ger. (nakh dem takt skpe-Yr\).

To

play in time.

Nach-druck, Ger. (na6A-drook). Nachdriicklich, -,..-,

Nachdrucksam, 6,

old ;

6,

odd ;

&,

Accent, emphasis.

Ger. (wa'/fc/i-driik-Hkh. .

Ger. (naikA-druk.-sa.rn).

done ; oo, moon ;

\

c )

_

Emphatic,

u, lute ; u, but ;

ii,

forcible.

(French}.

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

54

Nachfolge, Ger. (aA-fol-ghe).

after,

Following

succes-

sion.

Nach-hall, Ger.

Reverberation, echo.

(ndkh-\\a.\\).

Nachklang, Ger. (aA-klangk). Echo. Nachklingen, Ger. (
To

Nachschallen, Ger. (wa^-shal-1'n).

An

Nachschlag, Ger. (a^-shlag).

To

Nachsingen, Ger. (a/k-sing-en).

A

Nachspiel, Ger. (
Nachstverwandte tone, Ger.

echo.

after beat.

sing after.

postlude.

The

(n3.khst-iz*-vand-\& z$-ne).

nearest related keys. Nachtigall, Ger. (oM-tI-gall).

Nightingale.

Nacht-musik, Ger. (ndkht-moo-z\\i). Night-music; a serenade. Nachtstandchen, Ger. (a&^-shtand-kh'n). A serenade. Nacht-stiick, Ger. (a/-shtiik). Night piece; a nocturne. Nach und nach, Ger. (nakh oond nakh). By degrees. Naif, Fr. (na-ef). Naive, Fr. (n'a-ev).

^

Naiv, Fr. (na-^).

)

Narrante,

It.

Naive

>

Naturale,

A

style.

Natural.

It. (na-too-ra-le).

Neapolitan Sixth.

unaffected.

In narrative

(nar-raw-te).

Natur, Ger. (na-toor). Natural. The sign ft

;

Unaffected, natural.

major chord founded on the

flat

supertonic of any key.

Key

a, ale ; a,

add ;

of

a,

C

Major.

care ;

a,

arm ;

e,

Key

of

eve ;

e,

C

Minor.

end ;

I,

ice ;

i,

ill ,

OF MUSICAL TERMS

55

Neben-note, Ger. (d-b'n-J-te). Auxiliary note. term indicating that Necessario, It. (na-ches-ja-re-6). the passage referred to must not be omitted.

A

It.

Neglige'nte, It.

Negli, Nei,

It.

(na-e).

Nel,

It.

(nil).

Nell',

Nella,

(nal-ye^Vfw-te).

(
//.

(nal'l).

It.

-|

\-

In

the.

(nal-la).

Nelle,

It.

(nal-le).

Nello,

//.

(nal-16).

Nello stesso tempo,

//. (nal-lo

stes-s5 tam-po).

In the same

time.

Nel

stilo

antico,

//.

In the ancient

(nal ste-\o an-/^-k5).

style.

Nel te'mpo, Net, Fr.

//.

In time; in the previous time.

(nal tdm-po).

>,

(na).

Nett, Ger.

(net).

Nettam6nte,

It.

> Neatly,

Nettheit, Ger. (#-h!t). Nettigkeit, Ger. (-t!g-kit).

/

clearly.

f

(net-ta-z
Nette, Fr. (net). Nettete\ Fr. (net-ta).

Neatness, ness

plainness,

)

Neat, quick, clear. Nicht, Ger. (nikht). Not. Nicht ZU geschwind, Ger. (nikht tsoo ghe-sAvfnd). Ne*tto,

It.

clear-

(ndt-io).

Not too

quick.

N6bile,

It.

(J-be-le).

Nobilme'nte,

It.

Noble.

(no-bel-/d-te).

Noblement, Fr. (no-bl-man/fc). Noch, ^^.(nokh). Still, yet. 6,

old ;

8,

odd ;

6,

done ; oo, moon

)

__

\

Nobly, grandly.

,

,

J

;

u, lute ; S,

but ; u, (French}.

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

56

Noel, Fr. (no-el). A carol sung usually on the day before Christmas or on Christmas eve in the southern part of France. It.

Non,

Not.

(n5n).

Nonet, _ / A composition for nine voices or Nonett, Ger. (no-w#). } instruments. \ Nonftto, //. (no-ndf-to). > Nonuplet. A group of nine notes of the same time-value, performed in the time proper to six or (more generally) eight of the same kind belonging to the regular rhythm. .,

Nota, Lat. and

Nota bu6na,

means of its

The

A

(no-fa).

note.

(no-ta boo-J-na).

The

Notation.

Note.

It.

It.

An

accented note.

art of expressing musical tones or ideas

by

written characters.

character used to represent a musical tone and

time value.

term referring to the " shading " (nii-anAs). of vocal or instrumental music the change of time

A

Nuance, Fr.

;

and expression indicated by the composer or introduced by the performer, ^va). ^ Nu6va, It. (noo-J-va). 0-vo). ) Nu6vo, It. (noo-0-vo) force,

)

0, It. Or. rtwi- it.-

T ,-L ui-> It. (ob-ble-ea-te). , _. .. ._, , ,_ //. (ob-ble-ra-to). -

Obbhgati. ,., , .. ,. Obbhgdto, Ober, Ger.

(<>-ber).

Ober-manual, Ger. Ober-stimme, Ger. />v

ii.

,

s-

Ober-theil, Ger.

Obertura, Sp. a,

ale ; a,

Indispensable

:

applied to a

temporary solo in an ,_*__. chestral work.

or-

Upper, over, higher. (J-ber ma-noo-a/).

^

(<^ber sAttm-me). ^-i."

)

(

The upper manual. _

The upper

part.

(o-ber-tfl).

(o-\xi-too-riC).

add ;

}

/ > V

a,

care ;

a,

Overture.

arm

; e, eve ; e,

end ;

T,

ice ;

i, *'// ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS Ober-werk, Ger.

(J-ber-vSrk).

Obligat, Ger. (6b-li-gat). ) ,YL ,-,./( Oblig6, Fr. (8b-le-zha). )

$?

The upper manual.

Obbhgato.

Oblique motion. When one part moves, while the other remains stationary. Obsiste'nte, Sp. (ob-sis-/J-te).

Resounding.

With ease. Ocio, Sp. (J-the-6). Slowly. Octave. The interval between the first and eighth tones of a diatonic scale. An interval between any tone and that seven degrees above.

Octet. i

Octette, Fr. (6k-tet). Octuor, Fr. (ok-twor). f I

Oktett, Ger. Octochord.

(6k-///). )

An

composition for eight voices or instruments.

J

.

(

Octogenary.

A

instrument of eight strings.

)

A group of eight notes of the same time-value, performed in the time proper to six notes of the same kind belonging to the regular rhythm.

Octuplet.

Oder, Ger.

(J-der).

Oeuvre, Fr.

(ovr).

Or, or else.

Work.

Open, parallel. Offen, Ger. (of-Pn). Open, manifest. Offenbar, Ger. (^/"-f'n-bar). Ohne, Ger. (-ne).

Without. Octave.

Oktave, Ger. (6k-/-fe).

A

Olio.

medley.

Ombra, It. (om-bra). Shading, nuance. Omnes, Lat. (^-nes). See Tutti Omnia, Lat. (^w-ni-a). 1

^

.

)

Omnitonic.

A

term used to designate any instrument

pable of producing 6,

old ;

8,

odd ;

o,

done

;

all

oo,

ca-

tones.

moon ;

u, lute ; u,

but ;

ii,

(French}.

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

58

Ondeggiame'nto,

//.

(6n-dad-je-a-w
quivering sound

An

undulating,

a tremolo.

It. (6n-ata/-je-
Ondeggidnte, waving. Ondul6, Fr.

;

Trembling, undulating,

Waving, trembling. A tremulous tone.

(6n^-dii-/rtr).

Onduliren, Ger. (on-doo-/^-r'n). It, (on-ga-rvf-ze).

Ongare'se,

Hungarian.

Oppure, It. (op-/<w-re). Or, or Opus, Lat. (o-pus). A work. Ordinario,

It.

else.

Common,

(5r-de-a-re-o).

ordinary.

tone sustained or repeated against a number of passing chords is termed an organ-point or

Any

Organ-point.

pedal-point.

An

Ornament.

It.

Ornatame'nte,

Ornato,

It.

embellishment, a grace. (5r-na-ta-wJ-te).

Orthisch, Ger.

Osservanza,

lished.

High, acute.

(or-tish).

//.

Ornamented, embel-

)

)

(5r-a-t6).

(os-sar-z/aw-tsa).

Strictness

in

keeping

time.

Ossia,

It. (os-se-'a).

Or

;

or

else.

Obstinate; thus basso ostinato Ostinato, It. (6s-te-a-to). denotes a ground bass that is, a bass which is re;

peated again and again. Otez, Fr.

Off.

(J-ta).

Otium, Lat.

Slowly, with grace and ease. Octave.

(J-shi-um).

Ottava,

It. (St-Aj-va).

Ott^tto,

It.

An

(ot-^Mo).

Ow6ro,

It. (ov-z/J-ro).

a, ale ; a,

add ;

a,

octet.

Brass.

Ott6ne, //. (ot-^J-ne). Ou, Fr. (oo). Or. Ouvert, Fr. (oo-vdr).

care ;

Open. Or. a,

arm

; e,

eve ;

e,

end ;

I,

ice ;

I,

ill ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS Pacatame"nte, It. (pa-ka-ta-wtfw-te). Paean. A song of praise.

59

Placidly, quietly.

A rearrangement, or adaptation, of a vocal or instrumental composition, for some other instrument or combination of instruments, with such embellish-

Paraphrase.

ments and variations as the arranger may choose to introduce.

A

It. (par-/a-do). style of singing suggestive of in spoken style. recitative in clearness of enunciation

Parlando,

;

Parte,

It.

(par-te).

Part.

A

Partime'nto, It. (par-te-#zJ-to). Partition, Fr. (par-te-si-on/fc).

figured bass. "j

Partitur, Ger. (par-ti-Aw-r). v Partitiira, Lat. and It. (par-te-&>0-ra). f

score

J

It. (par-te-tse-0-ne).

Partizidne,

,A

Part-writing. The art of combining two or more vocal or instrumental parts. Sometimes used instead of the

term counterpoint. Paso de gargante, Sp. (pa-so de gar-tf-ta).

Trill of the

voice.

A

Passage.

repeated figure.

Passaggio, //. (pas-sad-je-6). bravura embellishment.

A A

section of a composition. passage, modulation, or

Notes foreign to the chords which they accompany, ascending or descending in diatonic or chromatic progression from one essential note of a

Passing-notes.

chord to an essential note of the following chord. Passionatame'nte, Passionate, Passi6ne,

It.

It.

(pas-se-5-na-ta-w
It. (pas-se-^-ne).

Passionne*, Fr. (pas-se-on-na). 6,

old ;

o,

odd ;

Passionately.

Impassioned. Fervent emotion.

(pas-se-6-wa-to).

o,

done

;

Passionate.

oo,moon ;

\\,lute ; u,

but ;

ii,

(French).

60

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

Pasticcio,

//. (pas-/
A

)

Pastiche, Fr. (pas-tesA).

)

medley composed of exfrom various operas.

cerpts

A

1

vocal

Pastoral,

.

Pastorale,

//. (P*s-t5-,*-le).

Pas trop PatStica,

Pat^ico,

J

ral

//.

//.

,

i,

^

or pastoral character. too slow.

Not

(pa-ta-te-ka-*w
Pathetically.

)

(pa-M-te-ko).

Path^tique, Fr. (pa-^-tek).

)

Pathe'tiquement, Fr. (pa-M-tek-man>^). Pathetisch, Ger.

'

Pathetic.

(pa-M-te ka). It.

m .

V

'

lent, Fr. (pa tro lan^).

Pateticame*nte,

instrumental

generally compo^tion r f tirae * nd of

[

Pastorelle, Fr. (pas-toW/).

or .

Pathetically.

Pathetic.

(pa-tet-ish).

Patim^nto, It. (pa-te-wa-to). Grief. Paulatinam^nte, It. (pa-oo-la-^-na-wJw-te). Gently. Pausa, It. (pa-oo-za). Pause. A hold expressed by the sign /TN, which denotes that the note or rest over which it is placed is to be prolonged at the pleasure of the performer.

Paventato, /A (pa-ven-^o-to).

Afraid, fearful.

Pavent6so, It. (pa-ven-/fj-z5). In a style expressive of Pean. A paean a song of praise.

fear.

;

Pedale,

It. (pa-o^-le),

Ger. (pe-a-le), and Fr. (pa-
Peddle d6ppio, It. (pa-
Organ

Pedal-point.

Pens6so,

It.

point.

(pen-w-zo).

)

f

.

Pensieroso, Per,

It.

It. (par).

Through, from,

Percant, Fr. (per-san^). a, ale ; a,

add ;

a,

care

; a,

Contemplative, pensive.

)

(pen-se-a-rtf-zo).

in, for, by.

Piercing.

arm

;

e,

eve

; e,

end ;

I,

ice ;

\,

ill ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS Perdendo,

It.

Perdend6si,

It.

Perpetuo,

It.

Pesante,

(par-^-do).

It.

)

(par-dan-
aw

morendo

.

)

Perpetual.

(par-pa-Aw-o).

Heavy,

(pe-axw-te).

.

61

firm.

Pesantemnte, //.

(pe-zan-te-*5-te). Small. Petite, Fr. (pe-te). Peu, Fr. (puh). Little.

Heavily, impressively.

Peu a peu, Fr. (puh a Pe"zzi, //. (pat-se).

Little by little. puh). Detached pieces of music.

Pe"zzo, It. (pat-so).

A

Phantasie, Ger.

piece.

Fantasia.

(fa.n-ta.-ze).

Phantasie-stucke, Ger. (fan-ta-z
Phantasiren, Ger.

Improvising.

(fan-ta-z^-r'n).

Philharmonic, Gr. (fil-har-/w^-ik). Lovingharmony or music. Phrasing. The proper rendition of a composition with regard to the relative importance, melodic and rhythmic character, of its phrases.

Piacre,

It. (pe-'a-^
"

sire.

PiaceVole,

At

It.

According to the performer's de-

pleasure."

(pe-a-^J-vo-le).

Smooth, suave.

Piacevolme'nte, (pe-a-che-vol-#zJ-te). Piacime'ntO,

Pian^tto,

It.

(pe-a-che-wz^-to).

It. (pe-'a-
Piang^ndo,

Smoothly.

The same

//. (pe-a-^>ar-do).

as Piacere.

soft.

Very low, very

-\

1

Flangevole,

It. (pe-'an-v?-vo-le).

Piangevolme'nte,

Pianissimo Piano,

It.

It.

>

(pe-an-ga-vol-/
It. (pe-an-fr-se-mo).

(pe-o-no).

Piccant^ria, con,

Very

Plaintive.

)

soft.

Soft.

It.

(pe-kan-^-re-a).

With

sprightly, pi-

quant expression. 6,

old ;

8,

odd ;

6,

done

;

oo,

moon

;

u, lute ;

ii,

but ;

ii,

(PrencK).

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

62

The

Slightly detached.

mezzo-staccato in violin-playing expressed

Picchettato, Picchiettato,

by staccato dots over which is placed a slur. Notes so marked are to be played in one

It. (pe-ket-Az-to). It. (pe-ke-et-*i'-t6).

bow. Piccolo,

Small.

It. (/.f-ko-lo).

Piece, Fr. (pi-ds). tion of pieces.

A

Pieds, Fr.

Feet.

(pi-d).

PiSna,

It. (pe-J-na).

)

PiSno,

It. (pe-
>

Pigta,

It. (pe-
Suite de pieces, a collec

piece

f

^

Pity, tenderness.

It. (pe-a-t5-za-7w
Pietosame'nte,

Tenderly. Tender. Piet6so, It. (pe-a-A?-z6). Pince", Fr. (pan^-sa). i. Plucked or twanged by the fingers, as the strings of a harp or guitar. 2. Pizzicato in violin-

A

mordent. 3. playing. See Picchettato. Pique", Fr. (pi-&f ). Pitch. The place a tone occupies in the musical scale. It. (pet-to-r
Pittorico,

Piu,

It.

Piu le"nto, Piu t6sto, Pizzicato,

It.

(pe-oo /
It.

(pe-oo

It.

(pet-se-M-to).

instruments

Embellished.

More.

(pe-oo).

fos-to).

More

slowly.

Rather.

A

term used in music for bow-

(violin, violoncello), directing

to play that portion of the music so

the performer

marked by pluck-

ing the strings with the finger. Placenterame'nte, a,

ale ; a,

add ;

a,

It.

care

Joyfully

(pla-chen-ter-a-*w
a,

arm;

e,

eve ;

e,

end ;

I,

ice ;

i, /'//;

OF MUSICAL TERMS //. (pl'a.-cAe-d'a. -mdn-te).

Placidamente,

Calmly, smoothly.

Placido,

It.

(/)/a-che-do).

Calm, tranquil.

Placito,

It.

(//a-che-to).

Pleasure.

Ad

The subdominant

Plagal cadence.

63

libitum.

[tonic.

triad followed

by the

A

lament. Plainte, Fr. (planet). Plaintive, doleful. [tions. Plaintif, Fr. (plan^-tef). Plaisanteries, Fr. (pla-zan^-t're). Amusing, light composiStruck together. Un accord Plaqu6, Fr. (pla-&?). .

.

.

plaque, an unbroken chord. Plaquer, Fr. (pla-ka). To strike at once.

Plarren, Ger. (fldr-r'n). To sing monotonously with a hoarse or cracked voice.

Plauso,

It.

Plus, Fr.

Plus

(pla-oo-zo).

Fr.

It.

It.

PochettO,

It.

Pochino,

Pochissimo, P6CO,

//.

P6co a p6co, P6i,

(po-ket-A?-n6).

\

>

A

little.

(po-te-no). It.

It.

It.

It.

As

(po-kes-j^-mo).

little

as possible.

Little.

(po-ko a po-ko).

Little by little. Leaned or dwelt upon.

(pod-je-a-to).

Then, thereafter.

It. (po-e).

Poi a poi,

With more animation. Slower, more slowly.

lan^t-man^).

(plii

(p6-&-to).

(/J-k5).

Poggiato,

Applause.

sa-ne-ma).

(plii

Plus lentement, Fr. Pochettino,

to sing

More.

(plii).

anim,

;

(po-e a po-e).

Point, Fr. (pwanA).

A

By

degrees.

dot.

[hold.

/r\

Point d'arret, de repos, Fr. (pwan/5 d'ar-rat diih repo). A Point final, Fr. (pwan^ ie-ndl). The last pause. Point d'orgue, Fr. (pwan/fc d'org). A hold; a cadenza; an organ-point.

Points detaches, Fr. o,

old ;

o,

odd ;

6,

done

(pwan/fc da-td-sha). ; oo,

moon

; u,

Staccato-dots.

lute ; u, but ;

ii,

(French),

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

64

Pointe, Fr. (pwant). i. In violin-playing, the head or point of the bow. 2. In organ-playing, the toe. Pointer, Fr. (pwanA-ta). To perform staccato.

Polyphonic (p61-i/^-ik).

Contrapuntal.

Polyphony (pS-^-o-ny). Counterpoint in the broadest sense. Pompos, Ger. (pom-/&). Pompous, majestic. Pomposame'nte, It. (p8m-po-za-w
Pomp6so,

(pom-/0-zo).

Ponctuation, Fr. Ponctuer, Fr.

Ponder6so,

Dignified,

To

(ponc-tii-a).

It.

.

Phrasing.

phrase.

Heavy

(pon-deVJ-z5).

Ponticello, It. instrument.

pompous.

(ponc-tii-a-tse-Sn/fc).

;

strongly marked.

The bridge of a bow(p6n-te-^J/-lo). Sul ponticello, play near the bridge. . .

A

(por-ta-zJ-t6). gliding from one tone to another, which causes the intermediate tones to be It.

Portamento,

slightly heard.

Portando la v6ce, voice

It. (por-/tf-do la w-che). similar to portamento.

;

Portdta,

It.

(por-to'-ta).

Staff.

Portdto,

It.

(por-to'-to).

Sustained.

Sustaining the

Port de voix, Fr. (port duh vwa). Portamento. Porter la voix, Fr. (por-ta la vwa). To carry the voice. Posato,

It.

Dignified.

(po-20-to).

Pos6ment, fr. (po-tJ-manA). Posato. Poser la voix, Fr. (po-sa-la vwa). A direction for a to attack the tone with clearness and precision. Positif, Fr. (po-ze-tef).

Possibile,

It.

vocalist

Choir-organ.

(pos-jr-be-le).

Possible.

Postlude (/tf-lude). An organ composition played close of a church-service an after-piece.

at the

;

a, ale ; a,

add ;

a care

; a,

arm ;

e,

eve ;

e,

end ;

I,

ice ;

I,

ill ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS A

Pot-pourri, Fr. (pot-poor-re). Pousse", Fr. (poos-sa). Up-bow.

Prachtig, Ger. (pr$kh-\.\g).

65

medley.

Grand, majestic, dignified. An inverted mordent.

Pralltriller, Ger. (pral-tril-ler).

A

Praludium, Ger. (pra-Aw-di-oom).

prelude.

Exact, precise. Prazis, Ger. (pra-tsis). Director of a choir. Precentor. It.

Precipitamente, It.

Precipitate,

(pra-che-pe-ta-w5-te).

(pra-che-pe-Am-do). Hurrying. Hurried. (pra-che-pe-&z-to).

Precipitazi6ne, It. (pra-che-pe-tat-se-J-ne). Hurried. Precipite", Fr. (pra-j^-pi-ta). It.

Precipit6so,

Hurriedly.

//.

Precipitando,

Precipitation.

Precipitous.

(pra-che-pe-A^zo).

Precision. Precisi6ne, It. (pra-che-ze-J-ne). Precise, exact. Preclso, It (pra.-cAe-zo) .

Prefacion, Sp. (pra-fa-the-J).

__

..

,

.

It. (pra-fa-tse-J-ne).

PrefaziOne,

)

_

(

Preface, introduction.

)

A

The (pra-ghe-a-ra). prayer. ern salon pieces of a devotional character.

Preghi6ra,

It.

A

Preludlo,

mod-

movement,

as an overture to an

(pre-liid).

It.

of

prelude. Any piece of music forming an introduction to a more

extended Prelude, Fr.

title

(pre-loo-^-o).

Praeludium, Lat. (pre-/w-de-um).

oratorio or opera; also title of certain

the

pieces for the organ

and pianoforte which are independent compositions.

Premier, Fr. (prem-i-J). 6,

old ;

5,

odd ;

6,

First.

done ; oo, moon

; u, lute ; u,

but

; ii,

(French)

<

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

66

Premier dessus, Fr. (prem-1-dr

First soprano. public performance of

des-sii).

The

Premiere, Fr. (prem-e-dr). a work.

first

Premiere fois, Fr. (prem-e-Jr fwa). First time. PrSsa, It. (prd-sa). The signs indicating the entrance of each part of a canon $. :g; -g. + *. Pressante, It. (pres-san-&). Accelerando, stringendo. Pressez, Fr. (pres-sa.). Accelerando, stringendo.

Pressez un peu, Fr. (pres-sa anA po).

Poco stringendo.

Pressirend, Ger. (pres-j'-rend). Hurrying. Pressure tone. A sudden crescendo.

Prestame'nte, Preste"zza,

//.

(pres-ta-;
It. (pres-/a/-sa).

Prestissimamnte, It.

(pres-tes-se-ma-/w J-te).

As

)

fast as

It.

Prestissimo, Presto,

It.

Hurriedly.

Rapidity.

) possible. (pres-/-se-mo). Fast. Faster than allegro but slower (prds-to).

than prestissimo. Pre'sto assai,

Presto,

//.

ma

Very

(prds-to as-sa-e).

non trdppo,

Quick, but not too Priere, Fr. (pre-Jr).

It.

much

(prds-to

Prayer.

It.

Prima parte peat the

Prima Prima

trop-po).

so.

(pre-m). First. Prima donna, It. (pre-mi dSn-r&). singer in an opera.

Prima,

fast.

ma non

It.

repetita,

The

(prt-ma. par-te

Re-

ra.-pe-te-ta).

first part.

vista,

It.

(pre-mi. ves-ta).

At

v61ta,

It.

(pre-m&

The

The

Prime.

leading soprano

z/J/-ta).

key-note or tonic.

first sight.

first

time.

Also used in place of

unison.

Primo,

It.

a, ale ; a,

(pre-m5).

add ;

a,

care

First. ;

a,

arm

; e,

eve

; e,

end ;

I,

ice ;

i,

ill;

OF MUSICAL TERMS Prim-tone, Ger.

Fundamental tones, or

(prfm-tS-nz'). //.

Principalme'nte,

6/

(pren-che-pal-#z<J-te).

notes.

Principally,

chiefly.

Soprano and bass.

Principal voices.

A

ft.

Principiante,

(pren-che-pe-aw-te). beginner. First time, beginning. Principle, ft. (pren-c^-pe-o).

Prise du sujet, Fr. (pres

Entrance of the sub-

dii sii-zha).

ject.

An

Proasma.

introduction, or a short symphony. Rehearsal.

Probe, Ger. (fira-be). It.

Produce*nte,

Pr6nta, Pr6nto,

(pron/fct-manA).

It. (pron-ta.).

It.

Prontame'nte, //.

It.

Promptly, quickly.

Prompt.

(pron-ta-wtfw-te).

(pro-to).

Pronunziato, Prop6sta,

Fifth tone of the scale.

(pr5-doo-
Promptement, Fr.

Promptly.

Prompt. Pronounced.

(pro-noon-tse--to).

The

It. (pro-pos-ta.).

subject of a fugue.

Proslambanomenos, Gr. (pros-lam-ba-w^-e-nos). est note in the Greek system. Pr6va, Pulse.

It. (pro-va.).

A

The

low-

Rehearsal.

beat or accent.

Punctum, Lat. (/^w^-tum). An ancient name for note, meaning point. Punctum contra punctum, Lat. (punk-idm kSn-tra. punkPoint against point

tum).

Punctus, Lat. (/*/-tus).

)

\

A

counterpoint.

;

dot,

a point.

) Punkt, Ger. (poonkt). Punta, It. (poon-tai). The point, the

Punta

d' arco,

Puntato,

PuntO, o,

old ;

//.

It.

6,

ft.

(poon-te d'ar-ko).

(poon-/a-to).

(poon-to).

odd ;

6,

A

top.

Point of the bow.

Pointed, detached, staccato'd. dot,

a point.

done ; oo, moon

;

u, lute ;

ii,

but ; U, (French).

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

68

A

Quadrat, Ger. (kwad-raV). ft.

Quadrate,

natural

ft

The note B

(kwad-ro-to).

in the natural or

diatonic scale.

n j Ouadncmium, Lat. A a _x/A rFr. Quadripartite,

-

\

)

(kwad-n-jf-i-um).

A

/

?

j

,1

quartet a composition in four ;

(

(ka.d-n-pa.r-M).

*

p3.rts.

It.

Quadro,

A

(kwa-dro).

natural

ft.

Counterpoint in four invertible

Quadruple counterpoint. parts.

Four beats to a measure. group of four equal notes intended to be performed in the time of three or six of the same time-

Quadruple time.

A

Quadruplet.

value in the regular rhythm. The interval of a fourth.

Quart.

Quarta, Lat. and It. (guar-ia). Quarte, Ger. (Jhoar-te), and Fr. (kart). Quasi, Lat. and It. (gua-ze). ) Quatre, Fr. (katr). Quattro,

It.

(kwat-tro).

An

Fourth.

The inter-

val of a fourth.

J

Nearly, like

;

as

if.

)

A

Quatuor, Fr. (M-tu-6r).

Quaver.

1

quartet.

eighth note.

Quedo, Sp. (M-do). Softly, gently, in a low voice. Querimonia, Lat. (quer-i-wJ-ni-a). A religious cantata of a dolorous cast.

QuSsto,

//.

Queue, Fr.

(kwas-io).

"Tail."

(kiih).

A

Quiebro, Sp. (ke-a-bro).

Stem

of a note.

shake or

A

tailpiece.

trill.

Quiet, calm. Five.

Quie'to, It. (kwe-^-to).

Quinque, Lat. (quin-que). Quint, Lat. (quint). a,

ale ; a,

add ;

i,

The

care ;

a,

interval of a

arm ;

e,

eve ;

fifth.

e,

end ;

I,

ice ;

T,

ill :

OF MUSICAL TERMS An

Quint-absatz, Ger. (kwmt-ab-satz). on the dominant.

69

imperfect cadence

Quinte, Fr. (kan^t) and Ger. (kwin-te). Fifth. Treble. Quint-saite, Ger. (kwint-si-te). The E-string of a violin. quintet. Quintuor, Fr. (kwin-tii-or). Quintuple time. Five beats to a measure.

A

Quintuplet. A group of five notes of the same timevalue performed in the time of four of the same kind in the regular rhythm.

Rabbia,

It.

(ra^-be-a).

Rage, frenzy.

Raccourcir, Fr. (ra-coor-ser). To abridge. Racleur, Fr. (ra-klur). poor player.

A

It.

Raddolcendo, Raddolce'nte,

Raddolcito,

(rad-dol-<:M-d5).

//.

It.

}

(rad-dol-f^-to).

Raddoppiate n6te,

It.

Gradually

softer,

calmer.

)

(rad-dol-^a-te).

Calmer, gentler.

(rad-dop-pe-a-te


Repeated or

reiterated notes.

Raggione,

It. (rad-je-J-ne).

Rallentamento, Rallentando,

It.

//.

Ratio, proportion.

(ral-len-ta-wJw-to).

Rallentato,

ft.

Rallentdre,

It. (ral-len-^a-re).

Rapidame'nte, Rapidita,

Gradually slackening the tempo.

(ral-len^-to).

Compass

Range.

)

)

(ral-len-&jf-do).

It.

of a voice or instrument. (ra-pe-da-*<7-te)

//. (ra-/^-de-ta).

.

Rapidly.

Rapidity.

Rapido, //. (rd-pe-do). Rapid. Rasch, Ger. (rash). Swift, rapid. Rascher, Ger. (rasch-er). Faster. Rattenendo, //. (rat-te- a--do). Rattenuto, //. (rat-te-<w-to). 6,

old ;

o,

odd ;

6,

done

;

oo,

moon ;

u, lute ;

ii,

but ;u,( French)

7O

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

Rattezza,

It. (rat-/^-sa). It.

Raucedine,

Rauco,

Speed, rapidity. Hoarseness.

(ra-oo-che-^-ne).

Hoarse, harsh.

It. (ra-oo-ko).

Rauh, Ger. (rowh).

Rough, harsh, hoarse.

A

Rauscher, Ger. (r0w-scher).

Ravvivdndo

il

It.

tempo,

rapidly repeated note.

(rav-ve-z>-do

el

tam-po).

Re

in the

Ac-

celerating the tempo.

This syllable Sol-fa system.

Ray.

Name

Re.

used

is

D

of the note

in place of

in Italy, etc.

Tonic

The second degree

of the diatonic scale. 1

Re

The

be'mol, Fr. (ra ba-mol).

Recht, Ger. (rekht).

Recht hand, Ger. Rcit, Fr. (ra-se).

note Db.

Right.

Right hand.

(rekt hand).

An instrumental

The

or vocal solo part.

principal part in a piece of concerted music. //.

Recitando,

(ra-che-/-do).

In declamatory

,

It.

(ra-che-te-te). Recitante, Re'citant. Fr. (ra-se-tanA). ,

'?

\_

.

)

Recitante, Fr. (ra-se-tante.)) R^citatif , Fr. (ra.-se-ta.-tef). Recitativ, Ger.

Recitativo,

plays or sings a solo.

Recitative

\

musical decla-

;

mation

ft. (ra-che-ta-A?-vo). )

;

a style of de-

clamatory singing.

Right, straight, forward.

Recte, Lot. (r/-te).

ward

One who

(ret-si-Ai'-tif).

Recte et retro, Lat.

style.

)

(rek-te et r
Forward, then back-

the subject or melody reversed, note for note. The note 1 Re" diese, Fr. (ra di-dz). ;

D

Redfta,

It. (ra-<#-ta).

Reddfta,

//.

A

(red-^-ta).

repeat

J

Redondilla, Sp. (ra-don-del-ya).

Redublicato, a,

ale ; a,

A

//. (re-doob-le-^a-to).

add ;

a,

care

;

a,

arm ;

e,

roundelay.

Redoubled. eve

; e,

end ;

I,

ice ;

i,

/'//;

OF MUSICAL TERMS Fr.

Rflchir,

To throw

(ra-fla-sher).

/I back, to

rever-

berate.

A

Refrain.

burden or chorus sung after each stanza of a

song.

The theory and practice of using and comRegistration. bining the various stops of an organ. Pure, clear, perfect. Rein, Cer. (rin). Reine stimme, Ger. (rf-ne sAtfm-me). Clear voice. It.

Religiosame'nte,

(re-le-je-6-za-z
)

Devoutly,

re-

) Religi6so, It. (re-le-je-J-zo). ligiously. Reentrance of a part or theme. Rentree, Fr. (ran^-tra). Renvoi, Fr. (ranA-vwa). The sign denoting that the per-

^?

former must return to and repeat from a similar sign. Repercussion Repercotimento, It. (re-par-ko-te-J-to). / \

_

>

Repercussio, Lot. (rep-er-^j-si-o).

A

Repercussion. RSpercuter,

Fr.

\ J

frequent repetition of the

To

(ra-per-/tw-ta).

;

the answer, in .

a fugue.

same sound.

repercuss,

to

rever-

berate.

Repetatur, Lat. (rep-e-^'-tur). Let it be repeated. Repetieren, Ger. (ra-pa-te-r'n). To repeat. It. (re-pa-te-tse-^-ne).

Repetizi6ne, Replica,

It.

Replicato,

(r
//.

Replicate.

A

A

Repetition.

repeat.

Repeated. tone one or more octaves higher or lower

(rep le-/&a-to).

than a given tone. Replicazi6ne, It. (rep-le-ka-tse-
RSpOns, Fr.

(ra-pon^s).

An

answer.

Re'ponse, Fr. (ra-pon^s). An answer. Repos, Fr. (riih-po). A pause. 5, old ; 8,

odd ;

6,

done ; oo moon

; \i,lute ;

u,6uf

; ii,

(French}.

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

72

Reprise, Fr. (riih prez). The burden of a song tion, or return, to some previous part.

Requiebro, Sp. ResoliitO,

trill

a repeti

of the voice.

See Risoluto. used to indicate an interval of

//. (res-6-/0o-t6).

The

Rest.

A

(ra-ke-
;

character

between two tones.

silence

ReVeille, Fr.

Awaking;

(ra-z/J-ye).

signal given by

drum

dawn.

to soldiers at

tone-movement produced two or more tones of equal or unequal time-value. One tone cannot of itself produce rhythm, but being followed by one or more tones there results a rhythm exhibiting the relative time-value of the tones employed. When a motive or group is repeated many times in the course of a composition and

Rhythm

Rhythm.

by sounding

music

in

is

in succession

at regular intervals, the resulting rhythm is called by name of the composition in which it is used; as

the

the rhythms peculiar to the march, waltz, polka, mazurka, and polonaise. Musical rhythm may or may not

be accented; music for the organ, for example, does not admit of accent. Ribattime'ntO,

It,

(re-bat-te-z-t6).

Repercussion, rever-

beration.

Ribbattuta,

Ricantare,

//. (re-kan-Ai'-re).

Ricordanza, RigO,

//.

Rig6re,

It.

(re-go).

add ;

To

(re-kor-
The

It. (re-,fJ-re).

a, ale ; a,

A

//. (rir>bat-/to?-ta).

&,

care

kind of

trill.

sing again.

Remembrance, recollection.

staff.

Rigor, strictness. ; a,

arm

; e, eve ; e,

end ;

I,

ice ;

I,

ill ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS Rilasciando,

It.

Rilasciante,

It.

(re-la-she-
)

.,

Rallentando.

\ >

(re-la-she-a-te).

Holding back, or

Rimette'ndo, It. (re-met-/if-do). ing the tempo. It.

Rinforzame'nto,

//.

Rinforzando,

73

Reinforcement.

(ren-for-tsa-wJw-to).

(ren-f 5r-tsan-do)

retard-

Strengthening, empha-

.

sizing. It. (ren-for-tai'-re).

Rinforzare,

To reinforce;

to emphasize.

With special emphasis, Rinforzato, It. (ren-for-taz-to). when used for a single tone or chord sudden increase ;

when used

in loudness, It.

Rinf6rzo,

(ren-fir-tso). It.

Rintronato, Ripi^no,

It.

Riposato,

It. (re-/J-zo). It. (re-/Jj-ta).

It.

It.

It.

Risentito,

Risolut^zza, It.

Risoluzi6ne,

old ;

5,

It.

It.

Risolutissimo,

Risondnte,

Repeat.

A

To

It.

sign

^

With energy. (re-zo-loo-ta-z5-te). Resolution.

(re-z6-loo-/r-se-m5).

Very

energetic.

Energetic, decided.

(re-zo-a-te). 6,

The

Vigorous, energetic.

It. (re-zo-loo-tse-J-ne)

odd ;

Resuming.

(re-zo-loo-/^-sa).

(re-z5-/00-to).

It.

resume.

reprise or repeat.

(re-sen-/-to).

Risolutam^nte,

RisolutO,

Rest, repose.

(re-pren-^Jw-do).

(re-prd-zz).

Restfully.

Restful.

//. (re-pren-
Riprenddndo,

6,

(re-po-za-ta-wzJw-te).

It. (re-p5-za-to).

Riprende're,

Resuming.

(re-pel-ye-a-do). It.

Riposatam^nte,

Ripr^sa,

Repetition.

Equivalent to Tutti. To resume. (re-pel-ye-
It.

Ripigliando,

Rip6so,

Resounded, reechoed.

(re-pe-te-tse-^ne).

It, (re-pe-J-no).

Ripigliare,

Riposta,

Strengthened.

(ren-tro-a-to).

//.

Ripetizidne,

for a short passage or phrase.

.

Energy, decision.

Resounding, ringing.

done ; oo, moon

; li,

lute ; u, but

;

ii,

(French}.

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

74

It.

Risp6sta,

The answer

(res-/0j-ta).

in a

fugue

;

conse-

quent in a canon.

A

Ristre'tro, //. (re-strat-to).

stretto.

Risvegliare,

It.

Risvegliito,

It. (res-val-ye-a-to).

Ritardando,

It. (re-tar-^/aw-do).

It. (re-tar-^a-to)

Ritarddto,

It.

Ritene"nte,

//.

It.

Ritenuto,

to animate.

lively.

Decreasing in speed. Decreased in speed.

.

(re-te--do). (re-te-J-te). (re-ta.-noo-to).

Much used

Animated,

Decrease in speed.

It. (re-tar-do).

Ritardo,

Ritengndo,

To awaken,

(res-val-ye-a-re).

)

Holding back.

5

The same

as Rallentando.

Held back,

in slower tempo.

incorrectly for rallentando.

Ritmo,

It.

(ret-mo).

Rftmo

di

due

Rhythm.

battiite, It. (ret-mo

de doo-e bat-^o-te).

A

two-measure rhythm.

Rftmo

di tre battiite,

(ret-mo de tra bat-/w-te).

//.

A

three-

measure rhythm. Ritornando, Ritorndre,

//.

It.

(re-tor-a-do).

(re-tor-a-re).

To

Returning. return.

instrumental

prelude

interlude, or postlude to

accompanied vocal works.

A

repeat.

The

refrain of

}An a song. Riverberame'nto, Rivolgime'ntO,

Reverberation.

It. (re-var-be-ra-wzrtw-to).

It. (re-vdr-so).

Rive'rso,

It.

Reversed.

Retrograde. Inversion of (re-v61-ye-7
the

parts in invertible counterpoint.

RivoltdtO, Riv61to,

Robato,

//. (re-v5l-/a-t5).

It. It.

a, ale ; a,

(re-^/-to). (ro-3a-to).

add ;

a,

care ;

Inverted.

Inversion.

Robbed, borrowed. a,

arm ;

e,

eve ;

e,

end ;

i,

ice ;

i,

ill ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS It.

Robustaaie'nte,

Robusto,

It. It.

Roccoco,

Boldly and firmly.

(ro-boos-ta-0z
Bold and

(ro-60os-to).

(ro-&o-ko).

75

firm.

Odd, old-fashioned.

Hoarse, rough-sounding. Hoarseness. Roche'zza, It. (r6-&?/-sa). Hoarse. R6co, It. (ro-ko). It. (ro-ke).

Roche,

Roc6co,

It.

(ro-/J-k6).

Rohr-werk, Ger.

Rococo.

A

Reed- work.

(rdr-v&rk).

term given to

of the reed stops in an organ. whole note. Ronde, Fr. (rond). all

A

Ronquedad,

Sp. (ron-ke-dad

Hoarseness.

).

Ronzame'nto, It. (r5a-tsa-/nJ-to). Humming, buzzing. Root. The note on which a chord is constructed, and from which the chord receives its letter-name. For example, in the

chord of G, the root is G. A melodic form composed of a figure or phrase repeated several times each re P etition tak '

Rosalia,

It.

(rew^ya).

Rosalie, Ger. (ro-za-le).

above the preceding one repetitions

may

;

also occur

the

on

any degree. Rossign61er, Fr.

(ro-sen-jj/J-la).

To

imitate the song of the

nightingale.

Rot6ndo,

It.

(ro-AJ-do).

Full,

round.

Pertaining

to

tone. It. (rot-te). Broken, interrupted. Roucouler, Fr. (roo-koo-/). To coo, to

R6tte,

trill,

to quaver.

Roulade, Fr. (roo-ldd). A grace composed of an arpeggio or run joining one principal tone to another. A flourish in vocal or instrumental music. 6,

old ;

8,

odd ;

6,

done ; oo, moon

; u,

lute ;

ii,

but ;

ii,

(French)*

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

76

It. (ro-z^r-she-o). Rove"rsio, It. (ro-vdr-se-o).

Roverscio,

Rovesciame'nto.

It.

)

(ro-va-she-a-*J-t6).

Contrary motion.

sion.

Rovescio,

It.

-

Revers on

)

Inversion.

Rever-

Retrograde motion.

Imitation by contrary motion. given to a piece of music so conmay be performed backwards.

(ro-zvf-she-6).

The term

also

is

structed that

it

Rubato, It. (roo-M-to). Changing the time-value of notes comprising any part of a composition. The term really indicates a free use of accelerando and rallentando according to the taste of the performer the less impormelody notes being accelerated while those most ;

tant

prominent are prolonged. Riickgang, Ger. (r-gangk). Return. The term is used to indicate a transition from one melody or theme to the repetition of a previous one. Ger.

Ruckling,

(r-oongk).

Syncopation.

change (enharmonische Riickung). Riickweiser Ger. (rw-vl-ser). The sign Ger. (roo-te-poonkf). -k'n. Ruhezeichen, Ger.

Ruheptmkt,

Ruhig, Ger.

Calm,

(roo-hig).

^?

}

)

tranquil, quiet.

Riihrung, Ger. (riih-roongk).

Run.

Enharmonic

Emotion.

A

In vocal music the term rapid scale-passage. given to such a passage sung to one syllable.

Rundgesang,

Ger. (roond-gc&-sangK).

A

vocal solo with

is

re-

frain for chorus.

Russe, Fr. Rustico,

It.

(riiss).

a,

ale ; 5,

//.

Rustic, rural.

It.

(roo-ve-da-*-te). Coarsely, roughly. Coarse, rough. (roo-z/^-do).

Ruvidame'nte,

Rurido,

Russian.

(roos-te-ko).

add ;

a,

care

;

a,

arm;

e,

eve ; e,

end ;

I,

ice ;

i,

///;

OF MUSICAL TERMS

77

Church music.

Sacred music.

Saengerfest, Ger. (sdng-zi-fist). A festival mans of a musical and social character.

Saggio,

It. (ja
Saite, Ger.

(jf-te).

Saiten-bandiger,

A

An

essay, a

among

the Ger-

trial.

string.

A

Ger. (jf-t'n-Mw-di-gher). musician. Two or more strings tuned in

Saitenchor, Ger. (-t'n-kor). unison.

Saiteninstrumente, Ger. (jf-t'n-in-shtroo-//M-te)

.

Stringed

instruments.

Salmeggiamento, It. (sal-mad-je-a-*
Psalmody.

Parlor grand (pianoforte). salon or parlor compo-

Salonflugel, Ger. (sa-lonyfw-g'l). Salonstuck, Ger. (sa-lon-shtiik).

A

sition.

Saltato,

It.

A

(sal-j-t6).

variety of the "springing

bow"

in violin-playing.

Saltereito,

A

It. (sal-te-r<J/-to).

term given to the rhythm

A

leap or skip. collection of airs. Ger. (j
Salto,

//. (sdl-io).

A

Samlung,

Sanftig, Ger.

(sdnf-tig).

Soft, gentle.

Sanftmuth, Ger.

(sanft-mool).

Sans, Fr. (san^).

Without.

Satz, Ger. (satz). Subject. Saut, Fr. (so). Skip.

Sbalzo,

It. (s&eU-tso).

Sbalzato, 6,

A

It. (sb'a.l-tsd-to).

old ; 5, odd ;

6,

Softness, gentleness.

Theme.

leap or skip.

Impetuously.

done ; oo, moon

;

u,

lute;

ii,

but

;

ii,

{French').

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

78 Sbarra,

//.

Scagnello, Scala, Scald.

It.

It. (sbar-ra.

A

Bridge.

scale.

Scandinavian bard.

The

Scale.

Double bat

Jop-pe-a).

(skaivyJ/'lo).

It. (s&a-l'a.).

A

Bar.

(sbar-rs.).

Sbarra d6ppia,

succession of tones in their regular order com-

prising any major or minor key chromatic g, the name of the series of half-tones beginning with any given note ;

and proceeding by half-tones to the octave of that note. Scale-degree. A degree of a scale, counting upwards from the keynote.

Scampanare, //. (skam-pa-
Scena, It. (shd-nz). A division in an act of a dramatic work. Also the name of a vocal solo of dramatic character.

Sclna da camera,

//.

(sM-na.

Chamber

da &z-me-ra).

music.

Scenario,

//. (she-wa-re-6).

Scenarium.

An

Plot of a dramatic work.

opera-libretto containing the dialogue

and

directions for the performers.

See Scena.

Scene.

Schafer-gedicht,

Ger.

(sh&-icr-$ie-dtkht.)

Idyl, eclogue,

pastoral.

Shepherd's song; a pas-

Schaferlied, Ger. (shd-Kr-led). toral ditty.

Schafer-pfeife, Ger. (shd-ter pfi-ie).

Schalkhaft, Ger. Schall, Ger.

Shepherd's pipe.

Sportive, roguish. Sound, resonance.

(scktilk-\ilt).

(shall).

Cymbals. Schallbecken, Ger. (sholl-blk^n). Schallhorn, Ger. (j^a//-hom). Honi, cornet, trumpet. a,

ale

;

a,

add ;

i care

;

a,

arm

;

e,

eve ;

e,

end ;

I,

fee ;

I,

ill ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS Schallstab, Ger.

(j/4a//-shtab).

Schanzune, Ger.

(shan-/.Kw*-e).

Schaurig, Ger. (show-fig).

Triangle.

It.

Scherzante,

It. It.

Scherzevole,

Drama, dramatic

(skar-tai'-d6).

'

,

Scherzo,

8cherz6so,

Sportive.

J

acter.

See Scherzando.

//. (skar-/jj-zo). It.

com-

positions of a lively } char-

> V

,

Burlesque.

Titles given to various

}

(*Wr-tse-n5). /

Schiettam^nte,

light, playful style.

'

(skar-/jj-v6-le).

.. ,. It. (j&Sr-tso). ,

In a

\

(skar-tai'-te).

.

Scherzmo,

piece.

~\

Scherzhaft, Ger. (sherts-haft). //.

A corruption of chanson.

Weirdly.

Schauspiel, Ger. (sAow-shpel).

Scherzando,

79

(ske-at-ta-*w
)

}

SchiettO, /Mske-JAto).

_ Simple, plain.

Schlacht-gesang, Ger. (shldkht-$&-sangk).

)

) Schlacht-lied, Ger. (sMMAt-led). Schlag, Ger. (shlag). A stroke, beat, or pulse. Schlag instrument, Ger. (shlag in-stroo-w//).

An

instru-

ment of percussion. Bad, weak. Schleif-bogen, Ger. (sMtf-60-g'n). Schlecht, Ger. (shlekt).

A slur.

Schleifen, Ger. (skK-Pn).

To

slur.

Schleifer-zeichen, Ger. (sAK-ier-tsf-khen).

Schleppen, Ger. (sMfy-pen).

To

A

slur.

retard, or drag.

Schleppend, Ger. (j^/^-pend). Retarding, dragging. End, close, cadence. Schluss, Ger. (shloos). Schluss-chor, Ger. (shloos-Ym). Final chorus. cadence. Schluss-fall, Ger. (skloos-?\). [cadence. Schluss-kadenz, Ger. (stifoos-ta-dents). Final or closing

A

Schluss-note, Ger. Schluss-reim, Ger. 6,

old ;

o,

odd ;

6,

(skloos--no\.).

(sti/oos-nm).

done

:

oo.

moon

Final note. Refrain. ; u, lute ; u,

but ;

ii,

(French).

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

8O

Schluss-satz, Ger.

(shloos-sa.tz).

Concluding movement.

Schluss-striche, Ger. (j/S/wj-shtrikh-e). Schluss-stiick, Ger. (sAIoos-shtuk).

Double-bar.

Concluding

piece.

Finale.

Schluss-zeichen, Ger. The hold /^.

(sbfoos-tst-kheri).

The

double-bar.

A

clef. Schliissel, Ger. (jv4/j-s'l). The note Schliissel-G, Ger. (s/t/Us-s'l-G).

on the second

Schmachtend, Schmeichelnd,

1

g

line of the treble-clef.

Ger. (sAma&A-tend). Ger. (shmi-keln'd).

Languishing. In a nattering, coaxing

style.

Schmelzend, Ger. (sAmel-tsend). Melting. Schmerz, Ger. (shmerts). Grief, sorrow. Schmerzhaft, Ger. (sfimfrts-h'aft). Sorrowful, dolorous. Schmerzhaftigkeit, Ger. (sAm/rts-haf-tig-kit). Sorrowfulness. Schmerzlich, Ger. (sAmtrts-likh). Sorrowful, plaintive. Schmerzlichkeit, Ger.

(sAmerfs-likh-liit). " .

Schmetterling, Ger. (sAmet-ter-ling)

Dolorousness.

Butterfly."

A

name

given to various instrumental compositions of light and playful character written mostly for the piano.

Schnarr-bass, Ger. (sAnarr-ba.ss).

Schnarr-werk, Ger. (^a>r-vark).

The drone bass. The reed stops

of an

organ, or a reed stop. Fast, rapid. Schnell, Ger. (shnell). Faster; also an inverted morSchneller, Ger. (shnel-ler). dent, /vv

Schollrohr, Ger. (sholl-ror). instruments. Schreibart, Ger. (j^rf-bart).

Schreiend, Ger. (s&rt-end). a,

ale ; a,

add ;

a,

care

;

a,

Trumpets, bugles, brass wind

Style.

Strident, shrill, screaming.

arm ;

e,

eve

; e,

end ;

i,

ice ;

T,

ill;

OF MUSICAL TERMS Schreiwerk, Ger.

8

1

Shrill-work; acute, or mix-

(s/iri-va.rk).

ture stops.

Moderate in pace.

Schrittmassig, Ger. (sArtt-mds-sig).

Rosalia.

Schusterfleck, Ger. (shoos-ier-Jl^k).

Schwach, Ger. (shvakh). Soft, weak. Schwacher, Ger. (sAva-ker). Softer. Schwacher taktteil, Ger. (jvfcz/J-ker tak-til).

The weak

beat.

A

Ger. (shvar-mer).

Schwarmer,

rauscher (a rapidly

re-

peated note). In musical acoustics, a

Ger. (shve-boongk). Similar to Tremulant.

Schwebung, Beat.

Schweigen, Ger. (sAvi-ghen). To be silent. Scbweigezeichen, Ger. (sAvi-ghe-tst-khen). A Schwellen, Ger. (shvel-1'n). To increase. Schwellton, Ger. (shvel-ton). Messa di voce.

rest.

Schwer, Ger.

(shvar). Heavy, difficult. Schwer-miithig, Ger. (stivdr-mu-iig). Sad, melancholy. Schwindend, Ger. (sAvfod-end). Dying away. Morendo. Schwingung, Ger. (j^ztfwf-oongk). Vibration of a string.

Schwungvoll, Ger. Scintillante, Sci61ta,

It.

It. (she-
Scioltam^nte, Sciolt^zza, Sci61to,

It.

With swing and

(shvoong-io\).

and Fr.

Free, agile.

(she-ol-ta-#zJ-te).

It. (she-6l-A?/-sa).

It. (she-J/-to).

passion.

Brilliant.

(shm-til-/a-te).

Freely, fluently.

Freedom,

fluency.

Free.

Scordato, It. (skor-*/a'-to). Out of tune. The various parts of an instrumental or vocal comScore. position, written

each other to Scoring. 5, old ; 5,

on separate

staves,

and placed under

facilitate reading.

See instrumentation.

odd ;

6,

done ; oo, moon ;

u, lute ; u,

but ;

ii.

(French).

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

82 Scorre'ndO,

//.

(sk8r-rJ-do).

)

Glissando.

Scorrvole, //. (skor-rd-v5-le). ) Flowing, gliding. Scotch snap or catch. The rhythm 5^ which is peculiar ^ ** ' to Scotch melodies.

Sdegnante, It. (sdan-j/a-te). Angry, passionate. Sdegno, It. (sddn-yo). Scorn, indignation.

SdegnosamSnte, Sdegn6so,

It.

ft.

Scornfully.

(sdan-yo-za-z
(sdan-^J-zo).

Sdrucciolando,

It. //.

Sdrucciolare,

(sdroot-che-o-/
Glissando.

Sliding.

To

slide.

To

play

glissando.

Sc,

It. (sa).

Se bis6gna,

If. //.

(sa be-son-ya).

Sec, Fr. (sek). Secco, Fr. (sek-ko).

)

Simple, unembelhshed.

\

.

If necessary.

...

)

Sechs, Ger. (sekhs).

Six.

Sechsachteltakt, Ger. (sekhs-akh-t'l-/a^). Six-eight time. Sechs-saitig, Ger. (sekhs-jf-tig). Instrument with six strings. Sechs-theilig, Ger. (stkks-tt-lig). Sechzehntel, Ger. (sekh-tsen-t'l). Ger.

Sechzehntelpause, quaver rest.

In six parts. Semiquavers.

A

(sekh-tsen-t'l-/<7w-ze).

Sechsvierteltakt, Ger. (sekhs-fer-t'l'/a^).

semi-

Six-four time.

Second. An interval consisting of two conjunct degrees. There are three kinds, major, minor, and augmented.

Major Second.

Sec6nda,

It.

(sa-/&J-da).

Sec6nda volta, a, ale ; a,

Minor Second.

add ;

//.

a,

Second.

(sa-/tJ-da vol-ta).

care

; a,

Aug. Second.

arm

; e,

eve ;

Second time. e,

end ;

I,

ice

; I,

ill ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS

83

Seconde dessus, Fr. (sa-kond des-sii). Second soprano. Seconde fois, //. (sa-kond fwa). Second time. Sec6ndo,

It.

Second.

(sa->&J-d5).

Sec6ndo partito, Secular music.

The second part. par-/-to). Music other than that intended for devo-

It. (sa-Jkon-do

tional purposes.

Secunde, Ger. (se-&0on-de). A second. Secundiren, Ger. (se-koon-^r-en). To play the second Segnare, Se'gno,

To

//. (san-_ya-re).

It.

A

(sdn-yo).

part.

beat time.

See Al segno, also Dal The above

sign.

The

-A.. signs used are ^! :m.% terms direct the performer to repeat from the

/r\

place marked by the sign to the word Fine or to a double-bar marked with a hold.

If

segno.

,

Sometimes only the sign Se"gue,

Segue'ndo.

Segu^nte,

It.

(jJ-gwe

/a'-re-a).

//. (se-^a/dTw-do). It.

given.

Follows.

//. (j
Se*gue 1'aria,

is

/

(sz-gwdn-te).

The

aria follows.

)

\

Following.

)

Segu^nza, It. (se-guan-isa). Sequence. S^gue s^nza interruzi6ne, It. (-itf-gwe sdn-tsa. ?-ter-root-tseGo on without stopping. ^-ne). Sehnsucht, Ger. (j
Very.

(sar).

Sehr lebhaft, Ger. Sei,

//. (sa-e).

Very

(sar /^-haft).

lively.

Six.

Seitenbewegung, Ger.

(jf-t'o-be-z/^f-goongk).

Oblique mo-

tion.

Seitensatz, Ger. (-t'n-satz). nata, rondo, 6,

old ;

8,

odd ;

6,

symphony,

A

secondary theme in a so-

etc.

done ; oo, moon

;

u, lute ; u,

but ; u, (French.)

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

84

To ascend in tone. S'elever, Fr, (jd7-e-va). Semeiotechnie, Fr. (se-ma-o-#-ne). system of musical

A

characters.

A whole note.

Semibreve.

A

Semicorchea, Sp. (sem-e-/Jr-ke-a).

semiquaver.

Semi-croma, Gr. (sem-W^-ma). A semiquaver Semi-cr6ma, It. (sem-e-^rJ-ma). ) Semicrotchet. A quaver or eighth note. Semidemisemiquaver. A sixty-fourth note.

A

Semiminim.

.

crotchet, or quaver.

Semipausa, Lat. (sem-e-/aw-sa). A semibreve rest. Semiquaver. A sixteenth note. Semitone. The smallest interval used in modern music. Example.

Chromatic.

Semi-tonique, Fr. (sem-e-^J-nek).

Semplice,

It.

Simple, unaffected.

(sam-//
Sempliceme'nte,

It.

(sam-ple-che-z
Simply,

unaf-

fectedly.

Se'mpre,

It.

Sensibile,

(sfim-pr).

It.

Continually, throughout.

(sen-j-be-le).

Expressive, feeling.

Sensibilita,//. (sen-se-te-le-ta).

Expression.

Sensibilme'nte, //. (sen-se-bel-#zl). ble is another term for the leading-note.

Sentie, Fr.

Expressed,

(sa.nA-te).

felt.

Sentimentale, Fr. (san-te-;w
Snza,

It. (sdn-tsa.).

a, ale ; a,

add ;

a,

care

Sentimental.

Sentiment, feeling.

It. (sen-te-wzdw-to).

Without ;

a,

arm;

e,

eve

;

e,

end ;

T,

ice

;

I,

ill f

OF MUSICAL TERMS Se*nza

fiori, //. (sfin-tsa. fe-J-re).

85

Without ornaments, with-

out embellishments.

S4nza replica, It. (jJw-tsa nf-ple-ka). Without Se place, //. (sa pe-a-che). If you please. Sep-chord. Chord of the seventh. Septet. Septett, Ger. (sep-tet). ) Septieme, Fr. (set-i-^). )

A

repetition.

composition for seven voices or instruments.

Septime, Ger. (sep-A?-me). Septimen akkord, Ger. (jv^-ti-men ak-kord).

Chord of the

seventh.

Septimole, Ger.

(sep-ti-mo-lz).

)

g

Jet

Septole.

Septuor, Fr.

Septet.

(j<^-tii-6r).

A

group of seven notes of equal time-value to be performed in the time of four or six of the same

Septuplet.

kind in the regular rhythm.

Sequence. The repetition, more than twice in succession, of a motive or group, the repetitions occurring in ascending or descending motion, and by equal intervals. Seraphine, (j/r-a-fen). A species of harmonium. Serbano, It. (ser-&?-n5). The serpent, a bass wind instrument.

Serena

It.

.

Sere'no,

An

(se-rJ-na).

Seria,

It.

(^-re-a).

)

Serio,

It. (j^-re-6).

)

evening song.

Calm, serene.

It. (se-r
Serious

Serieusement, Fr. (sa-ri-wj-man^). Seriously. In a grave, serious style. Seri6so, It. (sa-re-
Serpeggiando,

//.

(ser-ped-je-o-do).

Gently winding,

slid-

ing, creeping. 6,

old ;

o,

odd ;

6,

done

;

oo,

moon ;

u, lute ;

ii,

but ;

ii,

(French).

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

86

A

Serpent. SSsta,

bass \rind instrument.

A

//. (ser ra-ta).

Serrata,

concluding performance.

//. (J<w-ta).

Se"sto, It. (sds-to).

Sestet,

)

/

Sestetto,

//.

)

(ses-M/-to).

Sestina,

It.

Sestole,

//. (ses-^-le).

A

(ses-^-na). 1

sextuplet.

^

A

Sestolet,

//. (ses-/J-let).

Settetto,

//.

S^ttima,

//. (jJ/-te-ma).

Interval of a seventh.

Seitimo,

It.

Seventh.

)

(set-/-to).

Septet.

(ja/-te-mo).

Setzart, Ger. (sets-art). Style of composition. Setzkunst, Ger. (j/fr-koonst). Art of composition.

Seul, Fr. (siil). o i E-iv Seule, Fr. (sul). /

An

Seventh.

>

Solo, alone.

f i

interval containing seven decrees.

Severam^nte, //. (se-ver-a-/waw-te). tempo and expression marks. Seve'rita,

Strict interpretation of

(j/jr-ta).

Severity, strictness. Sixth. Interval of a sixth.

(sex-te).

A

It. (se-z'J-re-ta).

Sexta, Lot.

A

sixth

part.

Sexte, Ger. Sextet,

sixth.

A

)

Sextett, Ger.

(sex-tet).

Sextole, Lot.

(sex-to-\e).

A

}

.

\

Sextolet,

composition for six voices o r instruments.

>

sextuplet.

(j
Sextuor, Fr. Sextuplet.

formed

Sextet.

(sex-tii-6r).

A

group of

six notes

of equal time-value persame kind in the

in the time of four of the

regular rhythm. i, ale ;

a,

add ;

i,

care ;

a,

arm

; e,

eve

; e,

end ;

i,

ice ;

>-

ill;

OF MUSICAL TERMS

87

S&rtus, Lat. (j/jr-tus). A sixth part. Sfogato, //. (sfo-^a-to). Light, airy. A direction in vocal music meaning that the passage thus marked must be rendered in a light and airy manner. //. Forced, with energy. (s/ar-tsa).

Sf6rza,

The

"I

abbreviations of these

terms are commonly applied to a single tone or //.

Sforzando,

(sf5r-/ja-do). sfor-/ja-to

It.

SforzitO,

chord, and

>

denote that

.

marked

are

be performed with

spe-

the notes so to

cial stress.

J

Sforzare la v6cc,

It. (sfor-tsa-re la

To

z/J-che).

sing with

emphasis. It.

SfuggitO,

Shake.

Avoided, shunned.

(sfoody'Mo).

Trill.

The sign Jf. The sharp when placed before a ncte or on a degree of the staff raises its pitch one half-

Sharp.

tone.

Si,

//.

It,

(se).

Name Si leva

il

one.

of the note sordino,

Seventh degree of the diatonic in France and Italy.

scale.

B

//. (se

/J-va el sor-a7-no).

Take

off the

mute.

Si levano

i

sordini,

//. (se

le-m-no e

Take

sor-a'r-no).

off

the mutes.

Si Si Si Si

piace,

//.

replica,

s^gue, tice,

//.

It.

(se

so.

Be silent Turn over.

//.

(se w/-ta).

Sibilate,

It.

(j^-be-Az-te.)

old ;

6,

pleasure.

odd ;

6,

Repeat. Proceed.

gue).

(se td-che).

Si v6lta,

6,

At

(se pe-oi-che).

//. (se r
done

;

oo,

To

sing with a hissing sound.

moon ;

u, lute ;

ii,

but ;

ii,

(French).

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

88

Siegesgesang, Ger. (^-ghes-ghe-jaw^/5). _.

f.

,

.

.

Siciliana,

)

f

,.

Siegeslied, Ger. (se-ghes-tect). Siegesmarsch, Ger. (j
Siciliano, 7*. (se-che.le-*no). Sicilienne, Fr. (se-se-le-**).

1

A

A

A

triumphal song.

triumphal march.

dance of the

P easants

L

'

Sicilian

A pastorale in

somewhat slow tempo and

J

I

or -^ time.

A

military trumpet player. The signs placed at the head of the staff at

Signalist.

Signature. the beginning of a composition, indicating the key and measure of the music which follows.

Signaturen, Ger.

Figures and signs used in

(sig-na-ta?-ren).

thorough-bass notation.

A

Sign, canceling. Signe, Fr.

(sen).

Silbendehnung, lable to

natural.

Sign. Ger. (jf/-ben-
more than one

Singing a

syl-

Slurring a syllable.

tone.

To whistle. Silbar, Sp. (j?/-bar). Of a silvery tone. Silbern, Ger. (j//-bern). Whistling, hissing.

Silboso, Sp. (j*/-b6-z6). Silence, Fr. (se-lan^s).

A

rest.

Dotted

Silences pointed, Fr. (se-lan^s pwan^-ta). Silenciosame'nte,

(se-len the-6-za-#z dn-i).

Sp.

rests.

Quietly,

softly.

Silentando,

It.

(se-len-Ai-do).

A

term denoting a slacken-

ing of the time. Sillnzio,

It.

(se-/Jw-tse-o).

Simicon, Ger. (sfm Simile,

It.

(se-me-le).

same manner

S implement, a,

ale

;

a,

i-kon).

A rest. A harp with

In like manner.

Continue

in the

as the preceding passage.

Fr. (j^^-ple-manA).

add ;

thirty-five strings.

a care

; a,

arm

; e,

Simply, unaffected. eve ;

e,

end ;

i,

ice ;

i,

ill ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS Sin,

It.

89

Abbreviation of Sino.

(sen).

Sinf6nia, It. (senyfrne-a). A symphony. A name given to the overture of an Italian opera belonging to the earlier school.

Sinfonie, Ger. (sfn-fo-ne).

Singakademie,

Symphony.

Ger. (s?ng-ak-a.-dz-mt).

A

choral

singing

A

singing academy. Sing-art, Ger. (stog-art.). Style of singing. Singbar, Ger. (s?ng--ba.r). Singable. society.

Sing-bass, Ger.

Singend, Ger. Singe-tanz,

A

(s?ng-ba.ss).

Sing-chor, Ger. (sfng-kor). (sfng-end).

Ger.

vocal bass.

Choir. Cantabile.

Dances accompanied by

(j/w^-tants).

singing. vocal fugue. Sing-fuge, Ger. (sihg-foo-ghe). poem set to music. Sing-gedicht, Ger. (sfng-$&-d!kht).

A

A

Singhiozzando,

//.

(sen-ghe-ot-tai!
ing the breath. Sing-kunst, Ger. (sfag-koonst).

The

Sobbing, catch-

art of singing.

Sing-mahrchen, Ger. (sfng-mdr-\Mr\). A legend in song. Singmanieren, Ger. (sfng-mz-ne-r'n). Vocal embellishments. Singing master.

Sing-meister, Ger. (sfng-mts-ter).

Sing-schauspiel, Ger. (.rfw^-show-shpel). spersed with singing. Sing-schule, Ger.

(s(ng-shoo-\e).

Sing-spiel, Ger. (sfng-shpel). to the earlier form of the

A

drama

inter-

Singing school.

"A

A

title given sing-play." national opera. The

German

name

is used at the present time for any light opera or operetta with spoken interludes. vocal part. The Sing-stimme, Ger. (sfng-sAtfm-me). singing voice, the voice.

A

6,

old ; 6, odd ; 6, done ; oo,

moon

; u,

lute ; u, but ;

ii,

(French).

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

9O

Sing-stuck, Ger.

Air, melody. (sfng-shtiik). Sing-stunde, Ger. (sfng-sAtoon-de). Singing lesson. Sing-verein, Ger. (stng-ic-rm). Choral society.

Sing-weise, Ger.

It.

Sirenion,

As

(se-no).

Sino al fine, Si place, It.

style.

Left.

.

See Cinque-pace.

Sink-a-pace. Sino,

In a singing

(sfng-vi-se).

ft. (se-
Sinistra,

far as, to,

up

Ad

pe--che).

(se

An

(si-r
harpsichord

till.

to,

To

It. (jv?-n6 al./2-ne).

the end.

libitum.

instrument of the piano and

class.

Si replica, It. (se ?v?-ple-ka). To be repeated. Si scriva, //. (se s&re-va). As written.

Si segue,

//.

As

(se sa-gue).

follows.

Staff. Siste'ma, It. (ses-#-ma). An old German guitar. Sister, Ger. (sis-ter).

Sistro,

It.

(ses-tro).

Sistrum, Lai.

A

triangle.

A

(jr-trum).

rattle

used by the ancient

Its common Greeks, and Romans. Egyptians, form was that of a handle surmounted by a loop of metal having cross-bars on which rings were sometimes

the

placed.

Si

tcice, It. (se ta'-che).

Sitz, Ger.

Si v61ga,

(sitz).

Be

silent.

Place, situation.

It. (se

Sixieme, Fr.

(sez-i-dm).

)

) Sixte, Fr. (sekst). Sixte ajout^e, Fr. (sekst z-zhoo-ta.). Added sixth. Sixth. An interval containing six degrees.

Skizze, Ger. a, ale ; a,

(jvWfr-tse).

add ;

a,

care ;

Sketch. a,

arm ;

e,

eve

;

e,

end ;

i,

ice ;

I,

ill

;

OF MUSICAL TERMS Skizzen, Ger. //.

(j/a-sho).

)

Slanzio,

It.

(slan-tse-o).

>

It.

Slargando.

Sketches.

(s&tts-tsen).

Slancio,

91

Impetuosity.

Sometimes written

" islancio." )

(slar-^vzw-do).

\

Growing slow.

Slargandosi, //. (slar-gan-^iJ-ze). ) S lent and 0, It. (slen-Ai'-d5). Slargando.

Slurred. Slissato, It. (sles-za-to). The sign Slur. which, when placed over or under two or more notes, indicates that the passage is to be

^""^

performed legato. Smaniante. It. (sma-ne-a-te).

_

^

In an impetuous, passion-

/ > Smaniato, //. (sma-ne-a-to). ' \ ) SmaniOso, //. (sma-ne-o-zo). Sminu^ndo, //. (sme-noo-Jw-do). Sminuito, It. (sme-noo-if-to).

Smore'ndo,

It.

Smorfi6so,

//. (smor-fe-J-zo).

Soave,

Soavem^nte, Sogg^tto,

It.

Diminishing and decreas-

)

ing in speed and force.

Affected expression.

Dying away.

(sm5r-tai-do).

//. (so-a-ve).

)

Dying away.

(smo-r3n-do).

It.

Smorzando,

ate style.

Soft, sweet, suave.

(so-a-ve-zfw-te).

Suavely. Subject, theme.

It. (sod-jat-to).

Sognando, It. (son-ydn-do). Sob. Term given to the

In a dreamy

style.

syllable sol in the

Tonic

sol-fa

system. musical evening. Soiree musicale, Fr. (swa-ia. mii-ze-^<Jf/). Name of the note in France, also the fifth note of Sol.

A

G

the diatonic scale. S61a,

Alone.

It. (jJ-la).

Solemnis, Lat. Sole"nne,

It.

Solemn.

(so-///-nis).

(so-/
Solennelle, Fr. (so-//-nel). 6,

old j

8,

odd i

6,

Solemn, splendid, pompous.

5

done ; oo, moon

; \\,lute ; \\,but ;

ii,

(French)

_

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

Q2

It.

Solenneme'nte, Solennita,

Scale. Solfa, It. (w/-fa). To sing solfeggi. Sol-fa.

do,

re,

A

Solemnity. conductor's baton.

Solmisation and

It.

Solfe"ggio,

Soli,

syllables,

It.

(sol^/Srf-je-o).

The

It. (jJ-le-to).

Solmisation. intervals

To

A

sol-fa.

vocal

exercise

on one

vowel, the syllables of solmisation, or words.

(soly^-je).

It. (so-\).

Solito,

its

mi, etc.

Solfeggiare, It. (sol-fad-je-a-re). \ Solffcge, Fr. (&o\-fazh). Solfeggi,

Solemnly.

(so-t/n-ne-mdn-ie).

It. (so-len-ne-td).

)

parts for solo performers.

Usual, accustomed. A system of teaching scales and

Sol-fa-ing.

by the

syllables, do, re, mi, etc.

Alone. Music for a single instrument or Solo, It. (so-lo). voice with or without accompaniment. solo singer. Solosanger, Ger. (so-lo-sdng--er).

A A

Solospieler, Ger. (so-\o-shpe-\zr). Solostimme, Ger. (so-\o-shffm-m.e).

solo player. solo part or voice.

A

A

term used in vocal music to Sombrer, Fr. (j^w-bra). indicate a sombre, veiled, but intense expression.

Somma,

It.

(som-ma).

Highest, greatest, supreme, utmost,

extreme.

Sommerlied, summer.

Ger.

(som-mer-led)

.

A

song in praise of

Son, Fr. (son^). Tone, sound. Son harmonique, Fr. (son^ har-wo-nek).

Son

plein, Fr. (sonA plan^).

A

round,

Harmonic

tone.

full tone.

//. (so-a-be-le). Sounding, resonant. Sonante, It. (so-a-te). Sonorous, resonant, resounding. Sonare, It. (so-wa-re). To sound, to play. Sonare dlla m^nte, It. (s5-a-re a/-la mdn-i). To improvise.

Sonabile,

a,

ale ; a,

add ;

a,

care ;

a,

arm

;

e,

eve ;

e,

end ;

I,

ice ;

i,

ill ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS An

Sonata.

93

extended instrumental composition, usually of

three or four movements.

A

Sonata da camera,

It. (so-a-ta da /W-me-ra). designed for the chamber or parlor.

Sonata da

chie'sa, It. (so-a-ta

da

ke-<J-za).

A

sonata

church

so-

nata, an organ sonata.

A sonata. A performer on any instrument.

Senate, Fr. (so-naf) and Ger. (so-wa-te). Sonat6re,

SoneVole,

S6no,

It.

It.

(so-na-^J-re).

//.

See Sonabile. (s6--vo-le). Tone, sound.

(jJ-no).

Sonorame'nte,

It.

(so-no-ra-wd/z-te).

Sonorously, resound-

ingly.

Son6re,

It.

Sonorous.

(so-0-re).

Sonus, Lat.

Tone, sound.

(jJ-nus).

It. (jJ-pra). Above, over, higher upon, on. S6pra dominante, It. (w-pra do-me-a-te). Dominant. Sopra t6nica, It. (so-pr'a. /^-ne-ka). Super tonic. S6pra lina c6rde, /A (jJ-pra ^^-na ^^r-de). On one string. Sopran, Ger. (so-prdri). Soprano.

S6pra,

;

Sopran-schliissel, Ger. (s,opran-skluf-s?\). Treble clef. Sopran-stimme, Ger. (so-pran-shtfm-me). Soprano voice

or part.

Soprano,

man Soprano

S6rda,

It. (so-pra-no). voice.

clef.

//.

(sor-da).

Sordam6nte, Oi

old ;

8,

The C

odd ;

It.

6,

clef

The

highest division of the hu^

on the

first line.

Dull, muffled.

(s6r-da-/dw-te).

done ; oo, moon

; u,

With a lute

; u,

[tone. muffled, veiled

but ;

u,

{French}.

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

94

Sordino, It. (sor-a^-no). A mute. Beethoven used the terms con sordini and senza sordini to denote when and when not to use the soft pedal of the piano.

SoidO,

Muted.

//. (sor-do).

A

mute for the trumpet. Cautious, careful. Sorgfaltig, Ger. (jw-^-fal-tigh). closing voluntary for the organ. Sortie, Fr. (sor-te). See sortie. Also the first number Sortita, It. (sor-#-ta). Sordun, Ger. (jw--doon).

A

sung by a leading character in an opera. Sospensivame'nte,

//.

(sos-pen-se-va-*w
Irresolutely,

doubtfully.

Sospirando, Sospirante, Sospire"vole,

Sospir6so,

It. //. //.

It.

Sostenendo,

(s5s-pe-ra-do).

(sos-pe-ra-vo-le).

Sosten^nte,

It.

(s6s-te-^-te).

Sostenuto,

It.

(sos-te-<7
mark S6tto,

it is

Sighing deeply. Mourn-

|

ful, plaintive.

>

(sos-t-J-d6).

vo-

cal effect.

(sos-pe-rJ-zo).

ft.

A

Sighing, sobbing.

)

)

(s6s-pe-ra-te).

(

See sostenuto

.

(

Sustained.

As

a tempo

about the same as andante.

Under, below.

It. (sot-to).

S6tto domininte,

It.

(sot-\.o

d5-me-w
The subdomi-

nant.

S6ttov6ce,

It. (sot-to

Soubasse, Fr.

vo-che).

(soo-b'&s).

Soupir, Fr. (jw-per).

A

In an undertone.

Sub-bass.

quarter

rest.

In a subdued manner.

Sourdement, Fr. (soord-m&nK).

Sourdine, Fr. (soor-den). A mute. Sous, Fr. (soo). Below, under. Sous-chantre, Fr. (soo-sAdnAtr). cantor.

An

A

deputy precentor or

assistant choir-master.

Sous-dominante, Fr. (soo do-mi-ndn/it). a,

ale ; a,

add ;

i,

care ;

a,

arm ;

e,

eve ;

e,

Sub-dominant.

end ;

I,

ice

;

I, *'//;

OF MUSICAL TERMS

95

Sous-me'diante, Fr. (soo-ma-dl-a^/). Sub-mediant. Sous-tonique, Fr. (soo-to-w^). Subtonic or leading note. Soutenir, Fr. (soo-te-w^r). To sustain a sound.

Spagnuola, Sparta, It.

//.

The

(span-yoo-^la).

(j/a>-ta).

Spartita,'

//.

Spartito,

//. (spar-fc-to).

(spar-te).

Spasshaft, Ger.

Spanish dance. guitar.

^

(spar-#-ta).

A

f

.

Sparte, Ger.

A

It. (span-y5-/
Spagnole'tta,

partitura.

^

Scherzando.

(sApass-ha.h).

SpezzatO, It. (spet-/ja-to). Divided. SpianAta, /A (spe-a-a-ta). )>

Smooth, even, tranqun.

Spianato,

//.

(spe-a-wa-to).

Spiccatamlnte, Spiccato,

//.

//.

)

(spek-ka-ta->rt-te).

(spek-yta-to).

A

Brilliantly.

variety of springing-bow in

violin-playing.

Spiel, Ger, (shpel). Play, performance. Spielart, Ger. (shpel-art). Style or system of playing. Spiel manieren, Ger. (shpel ma-
SpfritO,

It. (j/^-re-to).

Spiritosame'nte, Spirit6so,

It.

Spirit, life.

(spe-re-to-za-J-te).

\

With

energy anima-

and

It. (spe-re-/J-zo).

) tion. Spiritu6so, //. (spe-re-too-J-zo). Point of a bow. Spitze, Ger. (shpft-tee). Point. denoting the toe in organ-playing.

Spottlied, Gtr. (shp5t-led).

A

Also

satirical song.

Springing-bow. A kind of bowing used by violin-players in which the bow is allowed to drop on the string, its elasticity causing it to rebound after every tone. Spruchgesang, Ger. (shprookh-$&-siingh}. 6,

old ; o,

odd ;

6,

done ; oo, moon

;

An

u, lute ; u, but

anthem.

; ii,

(French).

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

96

Sprung, Ger. (shproongh). A leap or skip. Sprung-weise, Ger. (shproongk-vi-se). By leaps or skips. Squilla, It. (s
Squillante,

It.

(squel-/d'-te).

Ringing, sounding, bell-like

in tone.

Sta,

As

It. (sta).

it

Stabat Mater, Lat.

stands.

A hymn on the cruci-

(j&s-bat *wa-ter).

fixion. //. (rfa-be-le).

Stabile,

Staccare,

Staccatissimo, Staccato, Staff.

Firm, steady.

It. (stak-^a-re).

It.

//. (stak-^a-to).

The

To make

staccato.

Very much detached.

(stak-ka-^j-se-mo).

Detached, separated.

five parallel horizontal lines

and

their four in-

tervening spaces used in musical notation. Staff-degree. degree on the staff.

A

Stambuzare,

It.

To

(stam-boo-taz-re).

beat the drum.

Root. Ger. (shtam). Stamm-akkord, Ger. (shtam-ak-kord).

Stamm,

A

chord in

its

fun-

damental position.

Stampita, It. (stam-/
ac-

Bar. Stanghe'tta, It. (stan-^-ta). Stark, Ger. (shtark). Loud, vigorous.

Starker, Ger. (shtar-ker). Stave. See Staff.

Louder.

Steg, Ger. (shtegh). Bridge. Stentando, It. (sten-^'w-do). Delaying, dragging, or retarding the tempo. Stentato, a, ale ; a,

It. (sten-to'-t5).

add ;

a, care ; a,

Delayed, retarded.

arm

; e,

eve

; e,

end ;

I,

ice

;

i,

/// ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS At times used instead

Step.

Sterbe-gesang,' Ger. (sAt/r-be ,

,.

.

Sterbe-hed, Ger.

,

.,

,

,.

of degree and tone. ghe-sane-Jt).

Funeral hymn.

A tone diminishing insensibly.

Extended, prolonged. A slow movement. (std-zo mo-id).

(std-zo).

Stso m6to, St6sso,

T

Morendo.

Sterbend, Ger. (sAt?r-bend). It.

\

f

,.

(sht?r-\>e-led).

Sterbe-ton, Ger.(sht^r-\>e-ton).

Stso,

97

It.

It.

Same

(ftds-so).

Stibacchiato,

It.

as steso.

(ste-bak-ke-a-to).

Relaxing, retarding the

time.

A

Stich, Ger. (shtikh). Stil, Ger. (shtil).

^

Stile,

It.

(j^-le).

(

Stilo,

It. (ste-\o).

)

Still, Ger. (shtil).

Style.

Calm,

Ger. (s/itfm-me).

Stimme,

Stimm

dot or point.

tranquil.

Voice, part.

Attack of a vocal

ansatz, Ger. (shtim a-sats).

tone.

Stimm Stimm

bander, Ger. (shtim &?-der).

Vocal chords.

bildung, Ger. (shtim bil-doongk).

Training of the

voice.

Stimm Stimm Stimm

A

part book. Leader in a chorus. fuhrer, Ger. (shtim fiihrer). fuhrung, Ger. (shtim /w/fc-roongk). Leading of the

buch, Ger. (shtim bookh).

parts.

Stimm mittel, Ger. (shtim mftt'l). Vocal powers. Stimm umfang, Ger. (shtim <ww-fangk). Compass

of the

voice.

Stimmungsbild, Ger.

(.fv&tf'iw-moongs-bfld).

A

short charac-

teristic piece.

Stingundo, ,

old ;

6,

It.

odd ;

6,

(sten-^wJw-do).

done ; oo, moon

Dying away. ; u, lute ;

ii,

but ;

ii,

(french).

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

98

StiracchiatO,

It.

(ste-rak-ke-a-to).

)

(

//. (ste-ra-to).

Stirdto,

//.

Stonante,

To

Stop.

Dragging, retarding.

Discordant, out of tune.

(sto-a-te).

change the pitch of an instrument.

Stopfen, Ger. (shtop-fen). To stop. Stopf tone, Ger. (shtopf /
A

It. (st5r-ta).

Stosszeichen, Ger.

serpent.

Staccato mark.

(sfitds-isi -k'n).

Straccicalando, It. (strat-che-ka-lan-do). Prattling, babbling. Strain. Melody, tune.

Strascicando,

It.

A

Strathspey.

(stra-she->
Dragging.

lively Scottish dance.

//. (stra-va-^aw-te). Fantastical, extravagant. Streichen, Ger. (sAtri-kh'n). To bow, as in violin-playing. To cut, as any portion of an opera.

Stravagante,

Strefch instrumente, Ger. (shtrikh m-stroo-w/w-te). Stringed instruments played with a bow.

Streich orchester, Ger. (shtrikh or-^/j-ter). String-orchestra. Streich quartett, Ger. (shtrikh kwar-tet). String-quartet. Streich trio, Ger. (strikh tre-6). String-trio.

Streng, Ger. (shtreng). Str^pito,

Severe,

strict.

Noise.

//. (j*r
Strepitosam6nte, /j?.(stra-pe-to-za-w^-te). It.

Strepit6so,

Strata,

It.

(j/r/W-ta). > /

Streite, Fr. (stret).

StrStto,

It.

Strid6nte,

(strdl-\.o). //.

playing Stridevole,

String^ndo, a, ale ; a,

A

\ .

the

add ;

same

Harsh, noisy. as martellato.

(stren-^aw-do). a,

tare ;

A

division of a figure.

It. (stre-de-z/J-le). It.

In a boisterous;

impetuous style. closing

passage taken in faster tempo.

\ )

(stre-
it is

)

)

(stra-pe-^zo).

a,

arm

In pianoforte

Sharp, shrill, acute. Accelerando. ;

e,

eve ;

e,

end ;

I,

ice ;

I,

ill ;

Strisciando,

OF MUSICAL TERMS

99

Smooth,

legato, gliding;

It.

(stre-she-a-do).

glissando. //.

Strombazzata,

(strom-bat-tei'-ta).

It.

Strombettata,

>

The sound

of

a

trumpet. Instrumented.

(strom-bet-Ja-ta).

\

Stromentato, It. (stro-men-/a-t6). Strom^nto, It. (stro mdn-\.o). Instrument. Stuck, Ger.

A

(shtiik).

Stufe, Ger. (sAtoo-fe).

piece.

Step, degree.

Sturmisch, Ger. (shtiirm-\sh). Passionate, impetuous. Su, It. (soo). On, upon; near, by. Suave, //. (swa-ve). See Soave.

Sub, Lat. (sub). Under. Subdominant. The under-dominant.

The

fourth degree

of the diatonic scale.

Subitame'nte,'

It.

.

.

Subito,

It.

,

(soo-be-ta-wJ-te). ' _

.

)

t

.

Quickly, suddenly.

(jw-be-to).

Submediant. The sixth degree of the diatonic Subsemitone. The sub-tonic, or leading tone.

The

Subtonic.

scale.

leading note.

Muffled, damped. Suffocato, It. (soof-fo-&z-t6). Suivez, Fr. (swe-va). Same as Colla parte. Follow, continue,

Sujet, Fr.

Sul,

//.

go on

It.

simile.

On

(sool).

Sul ponticello, Sulla,

;

(sii-zha).

It.

(sool-\i).

Subject. the.

(sool p6n-te-
Near the

bridge.

Sul.

Sulla c6rda, It. (sool-Va. k8r-$a.). On the string. [board. Sulla tasti6ra, //. (sool-Va. tas-te-
Suo

It.

loco,

(sool-M). It.

Suonantina, 6,

Sul.

(soo-6 /J-ko). //.

odd ;

6,

Its

accustomed

place.

(swo-nan-^-na).

A

done ; oo,moon;

\i,lute ; \i,out;

short, easy sonata. ii,

(French).

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

100

Suonare, It. (swo-#-re). Same as sonare. Super, Lat. (j-per). Over, above.

Superdominant. The sixth degree of the diatonic scale. Sometimes used instead of augmented.

Superfluous.

Supertonic. The second degree of the diatonic Super-tonique, Fr. (su-per-A?-nek). Supertonic. It.

SupplicheVole.

(soop-ple-&?-vo-le). '

o 1- t. i Supphchevolmente, i

._

j.

It.

-\ .

,

T

In

/

(soop-ple-ka-vol-

scale.

a

pleading

>

manner.

\

mdn-te).

Sur, Fr.

On, over, upon.

(siir).

Sur une

See Sopra una corda. corde, Fr. (siir line kord). Sus-dominante, Fr. (su-do-mi-ndnAt). Superdominant. Suss, Ger.

(siiss).

Sweetly.

Sus-tonique, Fr. (su-td-
Supertonic.

Susurrando,

It.

(soo-soor-raw-do).

)

Susurrante,

It.

(soo-soor-raw-te).

J

Svegliato, Svelte,

Light, agile.

(svdl-io).

A

-=

crescendo

Syllabic melody.

Syllable-name.

pering tone.

Brisk, lively, animated.

//. (sval-ye-a-to).

It.

Swell.

In a murmurous, whis-

1,

or crescendo and diminuendo

One syllable to each tone of The syllables do, re, mi, etc.

Relating to a symphony. constructed similar to a symphony.

Symphonic.

Symphony.

A

Any

the melody.

composition

sonata for orchestra.

Syncopate. To change or omit the accent of a tone or chord occurring on a strong beat by tieing it over from the former

weak

beat

;

to interrupt the

rhythm to give

a strong accent on a weak beat. Syncopated. A tone or chord deprived of cent. a, ale ; a,

;

its

natural ac-

See Syncopate,

add ;

a,

care

;

a,

arm

; e,

eve

; e,

end ;

I,

ice ;

T,

ill;

OF MUSICAL TERMS The

Syncopation.

tieing of

IOI

a weak beat to the succeed-

ing strong beat, and thus changing the natural accent the temporary establishment of a false rhythm; an in;

terruption of the natural rhythm.

Synkope, Ger. (sin-/
The

complete range of musical tones. " Is

"1

Tace,

Tdcet, Lat. Taci,

(/a-set).

^

the term

J

term

is

or instru-

vocal

number or movement

It. (Ai'-che).

Taille, Fr.

A

silent."

mental part so marked is silent through a portion or all of the

//. (&*-che).

(td-uh).

Tenor

used only

in

is

in

which

used.

In a vocal sense the

voice.

church music.

The

tenor violin

(Viola).

Takt, Ger.

Takt

(takt).

Ger.

accent,

mary

Time, a measure, a beat. Measure accent, (takt ak-tsent).

pri-

accent.

Measure, time, rhythm. (takt-zrt). Takterstickung, Ger. (ta-ter-sfttf&-oongk). Syncopation; the omission of measures by the overlapping of two

Taktart, Ger.

periods or phrases.

Taktfach, Ger. Taktfest, Ger.

A

(Az/frl-fakh).

space.

Steady in time.

(Afcfe-fest).

Measure

Taktglied,GVr. (&'&-gled). Taktieren, Ger.

(Aj^-te-r'n)

.

To

Taktierstab, Ger.

(ta'/-ter-shtab).

Taktmassig, Ger.

(t&Jkt-md-sHg).

5,

old ;

8,

odd ;

6,

done ; oo, moon

note.

To keep

Takthalten, Ger. (&z/-hal-ten).

[time.

time.

Keeping

beat time.

A

baton.

In time. ; u, lute ; u,

but ;

ii,

(French].

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

102

Taktmesser, Ger. Takt-note, Ger.

(takt-mes-sfci).

A

(tdkt-no-te).

Takt-pause, Ger.

j^/a-ghen).

(ttikt

A

Takt-stock, Ger. (ta&t-shtok). Takt-teil, Ger.

Measure-rest.

(tdkt-pow-ze).

Takt-schlagen, Ger. Takt-strich, Ger.

Metronome. whole note.

A

(ta'/^-shtrikh).

A

(takt-\i\).

To

beat time.

baton. bar.

beat or count.

Time sigTaktvorzeichnung, Ger. (takt-for-^-noongk) ) nature. Taktzeichen, Ger. (takt-rz-kh'n). Tandelnd, Ger. (A?-delnd). In a bantering, toying style. Tantino, It. (tan-#-no). A little. Tanto, It. (tan-to). As much, so much. Too. Allegro non tanto, not too fast. Tanz, Ger. (tants). Dance. )

Dances.

Tanze, Ger.

(tan-tse).

Tarantella,

It. (tar-ran-&z/-la).

I

rapid

time.

A

pieces in i or I time,

Tardame'nte,

Tardando, Tarddto,

A

southern Italian dance in

given to modern instrumental

title

and

of very rapid tempo.

It. (tar-da-w
It.

(tar-^-d6).

)

It. (tar-^a-to).

Lingeringly, slowly.

gee Ritardando

.

)

Tardo, It. (tar-do). Lingering, slow. Tastatur, Ger. (ta'j-ta-toor). ) \ Keyboard. Tastatura, It. (tas-ta-^o-ra). ) Tasto, It. (tas-to). Key (mechanical). Touch. %

Tasto

s6!o,

so

It.

(tas-to jJ-16).

marked

either

A

direction to play the part

as written

or in octaves without

chords.

The beat of a drum at night calling the soldiers to their quarters. Te. For si in the tonic sol-fa system. Tattoo.

a, ale ; a,

add ;

a,

care ;

a,

arm ;

e,

eve ;

e,

end ;

i,

ice ;

I,

*'//;

OF MUSICAL TERMS T6, Fr.

Cf.

(ta).

The tal

Techmc, Techmk.

103

(ttt-mk).

Ger. (tek-nik).

Technique,

skill in

vocal or instrumen-

performance apart from

the musical taste displayed the mechanical training of an ;

}

(tek-nek).

artist

obtained through tech-

nical studies.

Teddeo, It. (ted-otf-6). Te Deum. Tedesca, //. (te-
Tema,

It. (td-ma.}.

Theme.

Tempestosame'nte, It. (tem-pes-to-za-za-te). Impetuously. Tempest6so, It. (tem-pes-^-zo). Impassioned. T4mpo, It. (tSm-po). Time, measure, rate of speed, beat.

Tempo-mark. The word or phrase placed at the beginning of a movement indicating the general character and speed desired.

Tempo wie Temps,

Temps Temps Temps Temps

[before.

vorher, Ger. (tem-po ve/-rer).

Fr. (tanA.) Time, beat. faible, Fr. (tan/& fa-b'l). fort, Fr. (tan^ for).

Weak

The time

as

beat.

Strong beat.

frapp4, Fr. (tan^ frap-pa). The downbeat. The up beat. leve', Fr. ( tan^ le-va).

Tendre, Fr. (tan^dr).

Tender.

Tendrement, Fr. (tan^dr-man^). Tenderly. Tenebrae, Lat. (t/n-e-bra). Gloom, darkness. Ten^ndo, It. (te-m?-do). Holding. T^nera,

It.

(tdn-e-ia.).

Teneram^nte,

If.

^

(ten-e-ra-
Delicate ' tend

r'

soft

Tenerezza,

T^nero, o,

It.

old ; o, odd

;

o,

done ; oo, moon

; u, lute ; u,

but ;

u,

(frencK)

f

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

IO4 Ten<5te,

It.

Hold.

(te-J-te).

Teneur, Fr.

The melody

(te-nur).

or canto fermo in a cho-

or hymn-tune. Tenir, Fr. (te-
Tenor.

Tenor C.

Tenor

The highest natural male voice. The lowest C in the tenor voice

clef.

The C

clef

;

placed on the fourth

small C.

line,

or

Ten6re,

Tenor.

It. (te-wJ-re).

Ten6re buffo, //. comic roles.

(te-
A

boof-lo).

tenor

who

sings

Ten6re leggie"ro, It. (te-
It.

(te-nii).

^

(tsi-noo-te).

>

(ta-^-to).

)

Held, sustained.

Tepidame'nte, It. (ta-pe-da-/w
In an even unimpas-

Ter, Lat. (ter). Thrice. A term denoting that a passage of instrumental music, verse, or part of one in a song is to be rendered three times.

Tercet, Fr.

Ternary. a, ale

; a,

(ter-sa).

Composed add ;

a care

A triplet. of three parts. ; a,

arm ;

e,

eve ;

e,

end ;

I,

ice ;

i,

ill ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS Ternary measure. Tertia, Lat.

triple time.

Simple

Third

(tfr-shi-ii).

Tertia modi, Lat.

IO$

mo-de).

(t/r-shi-a.

Third degree of a

scale.

Terz, Gtr

(terts)

1

Terza, It. (tdr tsa). > Tetrachord. The interval of a perfect fourth. The scale progression of four tones comprising a perfect fourth.

An augmented

Tetratone.

Thema, Theme,

Ger. (fc?-ma). Fr. (tern).

Thesis, Third.

G/6. (tha-sis).

An

\

fourth.

eme

1

'

f

The down

beat, strong beat.

interval consisting of three degrees.

Example.

Augmented.

Major.

Minor.

Diminished.

Thorough-bass. A kind of musical short-hand in which the chords to be written or played with a given bass are indicated by figures placed over or under the given part.

Threnody. Tie.

A

A

A

dirge.

curved

song of lamentation.

line joining

two notes of the same

intended to be rendered as one note

pitch

equal in time

value to the two given notes. Low, grave, deep. Tief, Ger. (tef). Third. Tierce, Fr. (ters).

Tige, Fr.

(teg).

Stick of a

Timbre, Fr. (tan/4br). Timbro, //. (tern-bio). 6,

)

(

bow

;

drumstick.

,

Quality of tone.

J

old ; 8, odd ; 6, done ; oo,

moon ;

u, lute ; u,

but ;

ii,

(French).

PRONOUNCING DICTIONAKY

106 Time.

Tempo

duration of notes, number and duration

;

of beats in a measure.

Time

The

signature.

sign placed after the clef and its flats, usually in the form of a

accompanying sharps or fraction.

The

following are the present time signatures. Alia Breve Every measure contains four beats, jjf. each represented by a half note or its equivalent.

f

Common

g

time

or

Four

jj.

beats, each repre-

sented by a quarter note or its equivalent. or %. The same time signature Alia Cappella jj* Alia

as

Every measure contains two by a half note or its Sometimes incorrectly called Alia

Breve.

beats, each represented

equivalent. Breve.

?

Two

g

Four eighth beats to each measure.

quarter beats to each measure.

Eight eighth beats to each measure.

Two

eighth beats to each measure.

6 Four sixteenth beats

/ts 1

^

Four

beats, each represented

note or

Q

Four

12 Four

7.

2 2 o

2 ^

a,

ale ; a,

Two

a,

by a dotted quarter

equivalent.

its

care

its

;

by a dotted eighth

equivalent.

beats, each represented

note or

add ;

its

by a dotted half

equivalent.

beats, each represented

note or

u

its

beats, each represented

note or

U

to each measure.

by a dotted whole

equivalent.

a,

arm

; e,

eve ;

e,

end ;

I,

ice ;

I,

ill ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS Two Two

Two

?

equivalent.

its

by a dotted quarter

equivalent.

beats, each represented

note or

^i

its

beats, each represented

note or j^L

by a dotted half

beats, each represented

note or

its

107

by a dotted eighth

equivalent.

Eight beats, each represented by a dotted eighth note or its equivalent. or

3 Three note or

beats, each represented

its

by a whole

equivalent.

Three beats, each represented by a half note or its

equivalent.

?

Three beats, each represented by a quarter note

g

Three beats, each represented by an eighth note

or

its

or j^.

its

Three

equivalent.

equivalent.

note or

Three Three

its

equivalent.

beats, each represented

note or g*

its

beats,

beats,

by a dotted half

equivalent.

each

quarter note or

JQ Three

by a sixteenth

beats, each represented

its

each

eighth note or

its

represented

a

dotted

by a

dotted

by

equivalent.

represented equivalent.

5 Five beats, each represented by a quarter note or its equivalent. | Five beats, each represented by an eighth note or its equivalent.

o,

old ; 8, odd ;

6,

done ; oo, moon

; \\.,lute ; u,

but ; u, (French}.

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

IO8 Q E ^ &

Three beats; each beat has the value of rVi

five eighth notes.

i I

w

j

6*

I

i

;

each beat has the value of

five sixteenth notes.

J Seven or

beats, each represented

its

by a quarter note

equivalent.

Seven beats, each represented by an eighth note

|

$

Three beats

o

]

or

I

its

equivalent.

With

the foregoing table should be included the double time signatures which seem to be much used by the

modern Russian composers, H,

II, Jl, etc.

The double

time signature denotes that the movement is made up of measures in the two kinds of time indicated, without regard to the order in which the changes occur.

Timidame'nte, //. (te-me-da-z
hesi-

tating style.

Timor6so, //. (te-mo-ro-zo). Fearful, timorous. Timorosame'nte, It. (te-mo-ro-za-wz^w-te). Timorously. TInto, con, //. (fen-to). Tirade, Fr. (te-rad).

A

Expressive. rapid run joining two melody

notes.

Tirata, It. (te-ra-ta). Tir6, Fr. (te-ra).

)

>

T

Down-bow.

Todesgesang. Ger. (/J-des-ghe-jawevJ). Todeshed, Ger. (to-fes-led). '

Todtenlied, Ger.

Ton, Ger.

(ton).

Ton abstand, a, ale ; a,

add ;

\

A

funeral song.

Funeral song or anthem. mode, key, octave-scale, pitch.

(tod-i'n-led).

A

tone,

Ger. (ton a^-shtand). a,

)

care ;

a,

arm;

e,

Interval.

eve ;

e,

end ;

I,

ice ;

I,

ill ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS

109

Tonarten verwandschaft, Ger. (#-ar-t'n

fer-z/J
Key-relationship. Ton-bildung, Ger. (ton-Wt-doongk).

Vocal culture; pro-

duction of tone.

Ton-dichter, Ger. (ton-dtkk-tzr).

Composer. Ton-dichtung, Ger. (ton-dt&A-toongk.). Composition. Cadence. Ton-fall, Ger. (A?-fall). Ton-farbe, Ger. (ton-far \). Ger.

Ton-folge,

Timbre, quality, tone-color.

(tdn-fol-ghe).

A

or succession of

series

tones.

Ton-fiihrung, Ger. (ton-Ju-roongk). Melodic progression. Ton-fuss, Ger. (ton-foos). A measure, a rhythm. Ton-gebung, Ger. (ton-gAd-boongk). Intonation, tone production.

Ton-geschlecht, Ger.

(ton-g\iz-shlekht).

Mode.

Ton-hohe, Ger. (/W-he). Pitch. Ton-kunde, Ger. (#Jw-koonde). Science of music. Tonkunst, Ger. (A7#-koonst). Art of music, music. Ton-lage, Ger. (ton-ta-ghe)

Register, pitch. scale. Ton-leiter, Ger. (?-/f-ter). Ton malerei, Ger. (ton ma-\
A

music

;

tone-painting.

Ton-satz, Ger. (A?-satz).

Composition, composing Tonschluss, Ger. (ton-shloos). Cadence.

Ton-setzer, Ger.

(ton-set-tser)

.

Composer.

Ton-set zkunst, Ger. (Aw-j<#.r-koonst).

The

art of

composi-

tion.

Ton-sprache, Ger. (ton-shprdk-).

Tone-speech or language-

music.

A

piece of music, composi-

,odd; &,done ; oo, moon ;

u, lute ; u, but ; u, (French).

Ton-stuck, Ger. (A?-shtiik). tion. 6,

old ;

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

IIO

Ton-stuf e, Ger.

(ton-shtoo-it)

Ton-system, Ger.

.

(ton-sfs-tem).

Degree of a scale. Tone system or theory of

musical tones.

Ton-unfang, Ger.

Compass.

(ton-oon-fa.ngk).

Ton-unterschied, Ger. (ton-oon-ter-shed).

Interval.

Ton-verziehung, Ger. (A?-fer-ri?-hoongk). Ton, Fr. (ton^). Tone, pitch, mode, key,

scale.

Ton

A

bouche, Fr. (ton^ boo-sha).

Tempo

rabato.

stopped tone, as in

horn-playing. d'6glise, Fr. (ton^ da-glez). entier, Fr. (ton> an/4-te-ar).

Church-mode. Ton Whole tone. Ton Ton majeur, Fr. (ton/* ma-zhur). Major key. Ton mineur, Fr. (too# mf-nur). Minor key. Ton ouvert, Fr. (tonfi oo-vdr). An open or natural

tone, as

on a horn or trumpet.

Ton

Fr.

relatif,

Related key.

(ton/4 rel-a-A?/").

Tonic.

"I

Tonica,

It. (tf-ne-ka). f-

Tonika, Ger. Tonique, Fr. Tonic chord.

(to-ne-ka).

Tonisch, Ger.

(ton-ish).

triad

having for

)

.

.

f

its

root the keynote.

Tonic.

T6no, It. (A?-n6). Key, tone. Tonos, Gk. (/J-nos). ,

of a scale.

J

(to-nek).

The

The keynote

A tone, .

a mode.

Tonus, Lot. (to-nus). Tostam^nte, It. (tos-ta-wJ-te). )

Tostfssimo, T6sto,

It.

It.

(tos-ter-se-mo).

(tos-to).

Trad61ce,

It.

TradoltO,

It. (tra-ddt-to).

ale ; a,

(tra-<jW/-che).

add ;

a,

rapidity.

Rapid.

Toujours, Fr. (too-zhoor).

a.

Quick and bold.

With great

care ;

Same Very

as sempre.

soft, sweet.

Transposed, arranged.

a, arm ;

e,

eve

; e,

end ;

T,

ice

;

I,

/'//;

OF MUSICAL TERMS

1 1 1

Ger. (tra-g'n der s%t?m-me). Carry the part or voice equivalent to Portamento. Traine , Fr. (tra-na). Bound, slurred. Trait, Fr. (tra). A phrase, passage vocal or instrumental

Tragen der Stimme,

;

1

;

run.

Trait de chant, Fr. (tra dun shan//). Melodic phrase. A chord passTrait d' harmonic, Fr. (tra d 'dr mo-ne). age. Traite", Fr. (tra-Af).

Trallern, Ger.

Treatise.

To

(trdt-lern).

Tranquillame'nte,

It.

Tranquille, Fr. (tran-keye). Tranquille'zza,

Tranquillo,

It.

//.

Tranquillita,

trill.

(tran-quel-la-wzJ-te).

Tranquilly.

Tranquil.

(tran-quel-/
(

I

(tran-quel-#-ta).

//.

(tran-^/-lo). Tranquil. Transcrit, Fr. (trans-kre). Transcribed.

The adaptation or arrangement

Transcription.

of a com-

position for some voice or instrument for which not intended.

it

was

To transpose. the pitch of a composition and

Transponiren, Ger. (trdns-po-ne-ren).

Transpose.

To change

thereby place

it

in

another key.

Trascinando, //. (tra-she-a-do). Transportato, It. (trans-por-^a-to).

See Strascinando.

Transposed. Retarding the tempo. Trauermarsch, Ger. (/r
It.

(trat-te-<w-t6).

Traurig, Ger. (trow-r\g}. Tre, It. (tra). Three.

Melancholy, sad.

It. (tra Jkor-de). A term used in Three-strings. pianoforte music denoting that the soft pedal is not to be continued.

Tre c6rde,

5,

old

6,

odd ;

6,

done

;

oo,

moon ;

u, lute ; u,

but ;

ii,

(French}.

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

112 Treble.

Soprano.

G

The

Treble-clef.

clef,

Treibend, Ger. (fri-bend). Hastening, urging

;

accelerando,

stringendo.

Tremando, It. (tra.-man-do). With a tremolo effect. Tremblant, Fr. (tran^-blan^). Tremulant. Tremblement, Fr. (tran^bl-man^). Tremolo, trill. Tremolando, It. (tra-m6-/-do). With a tremolo effect. Tremolo, It. (trd-mo-lo). A tone or tones rendered in such a way as to produce a quivering or fluttering effect. Tremol6so, //. (tra-mo-/J-z6). With a tremulous effect. Tremulieren, Ger. (tra-moo-/-ren). or

To

execute a tremolo

trilL

Tres, Fr. Triad.

(tra).

A

Very.

chord of three tones having a

root, third,

and

fifth.

Trias, Lat.

Triad.

(tre-Zs).

An

embellishment consisting of a given note rapidly alternating with its major or minor second.

Trill.

Trfllo,

ft. (tret-lo).

Trill.

Trinklied, Ger. (trfn&-\ed). Drinking-song. Trio. composition for three parts, voices, or instruments.

A

Triole, Ger. Triolet, Fr.

(tre-J-le). \

(tre-6-la).

Triomphale, Fr. Triomphant, Fr. Trionfale,

//.

.

J

(tre-5n^-fal).

(tre-on/a-le).

Triumphant.

Triumphal.

Trionfante, /A (tre-onySw-te). Tripla,

Triumphal.

(tre-orufc-fant).

It. (tre-p\a).

Triumphant

A triplet.

Triple-croche, Fr. (tre-p'1-kro-she). a, ale ; a, acid ; a, care ; a,

arm;

e,

A

eve

;

32d-note. e,

end ;

I,

ice ; \

V;

OF MUSICAL TERMS

I 1

3

A group of three notes of the same time value to be performed in the time of two of the same kind and

Triplet.

in the regular rhythm. Triste'zza, It. (tris-Af^-sa).

interval

augmented fourth, the of three whole tones.

Triib, Ger. (triib). ~ ... / w, Trubc, Ger. (triib-e).

A

//.

\

>

Sad, gloomy.

j

flourish of trumpets.

Tumultu6so, It. Tune. Melody,

Tu6no,

I

J

Too, too much.

//. (trop-vo).

Tucket.

^~

r~&~ \-(()

Three.

Trois, Fr. (trwa).

Tr6ppO,

Melancholy, sadness.

An

Tritone.

(too-mool-too-J-zo).

Agitated, impetuous.

air.

A

(two-no).

tone

;

a mode.

-ka).)

-ko. ) Turco, //. (toor-ko). Turn. The sign as. Written.

Played.

Tusch, Ger. (toosh). A flourish given by the wind-instruments of an orchestra to denote welcome or applause.

A flourish of trumpets accompanied by a drums, the flourish performed three times. Tutta,

It. (toot-la).

//. (toot-to). )

TiittO Arco,

Whole,

old ;

o,

odd ;

all.

.

//. (toot-to

Uber, Ger. (-ber). 6,

of

^

Tiitti, It. (tatf-te). >

TiittO,

roll

ar-ko).

Whole bow.

Over, above.

6, done ; oo, moon ;

u, lute ; u,

but ; u, (French).

PRO NO UNCING DIG TIONA R Y

114

Modulation, transition. Ubergang, Ger. (ii-\&*-giingk} Uberleitung, Ger. (-ber-/z-toongk). Transitional passage. .

tibermassig, Ger. (u-ber-mds-sig). Augmented Ubung, Ger. (-boongk). Practice; exercise. Ubungen, GVr.(w-boon-ghen). Exercises.

Uguale,

It.

Ugualita,

Equal, even,

(oo-gwa-le).

It.

Ugualme'nte,

(oo-gwa-le-te'). It.

(intervals).

like.

Equality.

Evenly, alike.

(oo-gwal-z
Umfang, Ger. (<w0z-fangk). Compass. Umkehrung, Ger. (wwz-ka-roongk). Inversion. Umore, It. (00-mo-re). Humor. Un, Fr. (anA). ) Une, Fr. (iin). ) Un peu plus lent, Fr. (an/fc piih Un, It. (oon.) j Una, It. (00-na). > A, or an. Uno, It. (oo-no). ) '

Una

COrda,

It.

(oo-na.

kor-d).

music indicating that the

Una

v61ta, It. (w-na jw/-ta). Und, Ger. (oondt). And.

Undecuplet.

A

A

A

lanA).

plii

term used

soft pedal is to

little

slower.

in pianoforte

be used.

Once.

group of eleven notes of the same time-

value to be rendered in the time of six or eight of the same kind in the regular rhythm.

Under-song.

Burden,

Undulazione,

It.

refrain.

The

(oon-doo-la-tse-^-ne).

vibrato

effect

on bow-instruments. Unendlich, Ger. (oon-
(ww-g'a-rish).

Infinite.

Hungarian.

Ungeduldig, Ger. (oon-ghe-ab0/-dig)

Ungerade Takt, a, ale ; a,

add;

a,

.

Impatient.

Ger. (oon-ghe-ra-de takt).

care ;

a, arm ;

e,

eve ;

e,

Triple time.

end ;

I,

ice ;

\,

ill;

OF MUSICAL TERMS Ger. (00-ghe"-shtoom).

Ungestum,

Ungleich, Ger. (oon-glikh).

I I

5

Impetuous, stormy.

Unequal.

Unharmonisch, Ger. (oon-har-/w^-nish). Inharmonic. Two or more tones of the same pitch. The term is sometimes used in place of the word prime. Unison passage. A term given to certain passages in vocal or instrumental compositions where several voices or instruments render the same part in unison or an octave and sometimes two or three octaves apart. Unison.

//.

Unitame'nte, It.

Unita,' -.

(oo-ne-ta-#z
(w-ne-ta).

.,

It.

Unito,

Uno,

(w-ne-to).

It.

Univ6co,

)

\

.

)

(oo-ne-z'J-ko).

It. (oo-wo).

Unitedly, jointly.

.

Joined, united.

One.

One sound

or voice.

See Un.

uno, It. (oo-no a oo-no). One by one. peu, Fr. (a.nA puh). A little.

Uno a

Un

Unruhig, Ger. (oon-ra?-hig). Restless. Unter-dominant, Ger. (oon-ter-dom-i-nant}. Subdominant. Unter halbton, Ger. (ww-ter hdlb-ton). The leading note.

Dominant seventh. Unter-leitton, Ger. (w-ter-//?-ton). Unter-mediante, Ger. (oon-ter-md-de-dn-te). Submediant. Unter- stimme, Ger. (00n-ter-sAt?m-me). The note C. (oot).

Under

part.

Ut, Fr.

Ut, Lat.

Va,

Va

It.

Like, as, just as.

(ut).

Ut supra,

Lat.

(fit sii-pra.).

As

above.

Continue.

(va).

(va kre-sMn-do). Continue the crescendo. A term denoting that the (vat-che-/-d6) passage so marked is to be rendered in a vacillating,

crescendo,

Vacillando,

It.

It.

.

hesitating style. 5,

old ;

6,

odd ;

6,

done ; oo, moon ;

u, lute ; u,

but ;

ii,

(French)

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

Il6 Vago,

It. (fa-go).

Dreamy, vague.

Valeur, Fr.

(va-liir).

Valor, Lat.

(z>a/-6r).

>

(va-/^re).

)

Val6re,

//.

It.

Variante,

\

Value (time-value).

and Fr.

(va-re-
A

(va-re-ant).

variant

See Ossia. ' VariatO, It. (va-re-a-t5). Vari6, Fr. (va-re-
Veemnte, Veloce,

It.

It.

Velocissimo,

_

f

Vaned.

>

Passionate, vehement.

(va-*w
Swift, rapid.

(ve-/J-che).

Velocem^nte,

)

It. It.

(ve-/^che-wJ-te). (ve-l6-^
It. (ve-lo-che-tf).

)

Velocit^, Fr. (va-l5-se-/J).

J

Velocita,

Swiftly.

Very

swift.

fc

Veniisto,

It.

(vS-noos-to).

Elegant, graceful.

Veranderungen, Ger. (fe-rJ-de-roong-en). Variations. Verbindung, Ger. (fer-3f-doongk). Tying, binding com ;

bination.

Covered, concealed. (ier-dekf). Verddoppelt, Ger. (feW^-p'lt). Doubled.

Verdeckt, Ger.

Verdoppelung, Ger. (fer-a^-pel-loongk).

To

Vergellen, Ger. (ler-ghel-Yn). Vergniigt, Ger. (fer-gniigt). Verhallen, Ger. (fer-^a/-l'n).

Cheerful.

To

die away.

Verhallend, Ger. (fer-^aV-lend).

)

Verloschend, Ger. (fer-#-shend).

)

.

Diminished.

Vermindert, Ger. (fer-z/-dert).

Verschwindend, Ger.

Doubling. diminish gradually.

(f er-sAvin-dend)

.

Vanishing, dying

away. Versetzen, Ger. (fgr-j/f-tse'n). To transpose. Versetzung, Ger. (fer-j#-tsoongk). Transposition. a,

ale ; a,

add ;

a,

care;

a,

arm ;

e,

eve ;

e,

end ;

I,

ice ;

I,

ill

;

OF MUSICAL TERMS Verte, Lat. (v?r-\.).

Verve, fr. (varv).

Turn

Verwandt, Ger. (tewandt). Verwandte tonarten, Ger.

See

over.

Energy,

I 1

7

Volti.

spirit.

Related.

Related

(ier-vandt A5-ar-ten).

keys.

Verweilend, Ger. (fer-w-lend). Delaying, ritenuto. Ornamented. Verziert, Ger. (ier-tsert). Verzierung, Ger. (fer-^-roongk).

Ornament, grace, embel-

lishment.

Verzogerung, Ger. (fer-fr^-ghe-roongk). It. (\a.t-tsd-zo).

Vezz6so,

Retardation.

Elegant, graceful.

Vezzosamente, It. (vat-ts6-za-/wa-te). Gracefully. With a vibrating quality Vibrante, //. (ve-ra-te) )

Vibrate, Lat. (ve-ra-te).

of

tone.

5

Vibrato, //. (ve-6ra-to). A wavering effect produced by the voice also on bow-instruments. ;

Vide, Fr. (ved). Viel, Ger. Vier, Ger.

Open.

(fel).

Much,

(fer).

Four.

great.

Vierhandig, Ger. (Jer-Adn-dig). Vierklang, Ger. (y?r-klangk). Vif, Fr. (vef).

Lively, brisk.

Vigorosame'nte,

It.

It.

Vigor6so,

Villareccio,

(ve-g6-ro-za-zdw-te).

(ve-go-rJ-zo).

It.

With

energy, vigor.

Energetic, vigorous.

//. (vel-lar-r
Violentamente,

Four hands. Chord of the seventh.

Rural, rustic.

(ve-6-len-ta-wJw-te).

Impetuously, vio-

lently.

VioltetO,

Vista,

It.

It.

Vistame*nte, Visto, 6,

old ;

//.

6,

(ve-6-/
(^j-ta). It.

(ves-ta-?J-te).

(7/-to).

odd ;

6,

Violent.

Sight.

Animatedly.

Lively, animated.

done ; oo, moon

; u, lute ; u,

but ;

u,

(French}.

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

Il8

Vite, Fr. (vet).

Vivace,

Quick.

A

It. (ve-z/a'-che).

tempo mark denoting a degree

of speed equalling or exceeding allegro.

Vivacfssimo, //. (ve-va^^j-se-mo). Vive, Fr. (vev). See Vif. Vive"nte,

Vfvido,'

It.

//.

.

.

Animated,

(ve-vdn-te). )

(z^-ve-do). _>

//. (ve-vo).

Voce,

//. (vff-che).

lively.

c

Spirited, hvelv.

(

Vivo,

fast.

Very

Part, voice.

Voil6e, Fr. (vwa-\&). Veiled. VoLs, Fr. (vwa). Part, voice.

Vokal, Ger. Volante,

Vocal.

(/?-kal).

It.

Swift, light.

(v5-/a-te).

Volata, It. (vo-/a-ta). TTi4* /~ i - 7- t -\ Volate, Ger. (voVa-te).

f

J

Volatinc, /J?. (vo-la-tf-ne). ) Volkslied, Ger. (fdlks-\e&). Full. Voll, Ger. (foil). V61ta,

//.

V61ti,

A

(z/J/-ta).

time

volta, first

It. (zv/-te).

V61ti subito,

//.

Volubilme'nte,

Voluntary.

;

A short A h

trill or run. id series of notfis

Folk-song.

turn or

secondo

Turn

vocal

fi

time

volta,

(ending),

as prima

second time.

over.

(vo/-te j^^-be-to).

Turn over

at once.

//.

A

(vo-loo-bel-zJ-te). Fluently. title given to the various organ pieces used

to open a church service. Vom, Ger. (fom). From the.

Vorder satz, Ger. (for-der Vorgeiger, Ger.

Vorhalt, Ger. (/Sr-halt).

First subject or theme.

sats).

(for-^vfcf-ghe'r).

Leader,

first violin.

Suspension.

Vorhaltslosung, Ger. (/
add ;

i,

care ;

a,

arm ;

e,

eve ;

e,

Resolution of

end ;

i,

ice ;

i,

ill ;

OF MUSICAL TERMS

119

Before, previous. Vorher, Ger. (y?r-her). Proceeding, previous. Vorig, Ger. (for-lg). Voriges Zeitmass, Ger. (yjjr-ig's fstt-mass).

Tempo, primo.

Vorschlag, Ger. (Jor-sh\a.g). A general term for the various kinds of accented appoggiatura. Vorsetzzeichen, Ger.

(Jor-sets-ts?&'n).

Chromatic

sign.

Overture, prelude, introduction. Vorspiel, Ger. (tor-shpel). Vortrag, Ger. (for-iizg). Style, interpretation. Vox, Lat. (vox). Voice.

Voe, Fr. (vu). Sight. Vu6ta, //. (voo-0-ta). Vuoto,

It. (voo-
Wankend, Ger. (van-kend). Hesitating, wavering. Warme, Ger. (vfir-me). Warmth (feeling). Webmuth, Ger. (vdb-mooi). Sadness, melancholy. Webmiithig, Ger. (vab-wzw-tig). Sad. Welch, Ger. (vikh). Tender, soft, minor. Weinend, Ger. (z7-nend). Weeping. Weit, Ger. (vlt). Broad. Weltliche lieder, Ger. (w?#-likh-e #-der). Secular songs.

Wenig, Ger. (va-mg). Wie, Ger. (ve). As.

Little.

Wie oben, Ger. (ve -ben). As. Wie vorher, Ger. (vy?r-her). As at first, as before. Wie aus der Feme, Ger. (ve ows dery?r-ne). As from

a

dis-

tance (echo).

Wieder, Ger. (ve-der). Again. Wiedergabe, Ger. (w-der-ga-be).

[tion.

Performance, interpreta-

Wiederholung, Ger. (^-der-^J-loongk). Repetition. Weiderzeichen, Ger. (vt-der-tst-kh'n). Repeat. 6, old ; 5,

odd ;

6,

done ; oo, moon ;

u, lute ;

ii,

but ;

ii,

(French).

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

I2O

Wiegenlied, Ger. (w-gen-led).

made

Cradle-song.

The wind instruments of an orchestra. The orchestral wind instruments that

Wind-band. Wood-wind.

are

of wood, as the flute, oboe, clarinet, etc.

Wortklang, Ger. (zwV-klangh) Accent; tone. Wuchtig, Ger. (viikk-ilg). Weighty with strong emphasis Wunderlich, Ger. (zw-d'r-likh). Odd, capricious. .

;

Wiirde, Ger.

Wuthend,

(z/wr-de). Dignity. Ger. (z^V-end.) Frantic, furious.

Zart, Ger. (tsart). Delicate, tender. Zartlich, Ger. (tsdrt-likh). Tenderly. Zeffiroso, It. (tsef-fe-r^zo). Zeichen, Ger. (&f-kh'n).

Zephyr-like.

A

Zeit, Ger.

Also the same as

Time.

(tsit).

sign.

Zeitmass, Ger. (/j#-mass).

Tempo.

Zeitwerth, Ger.

Time-value.

Zel6so,

(/jz7-virt).

//.

Zelosame'nte,

(tsa-/-za-2d-te).

It. (tsa-/
Ziemlich,

It.

taktteil.

Enthusiastically. Enthusiastic, ardent.

Rather, somewhat.

(irw-Hkh).

Elegant, graceful, delicate. Zierlich, Ger. (^r-likh). Zigeunerartig, Ger. (tse-goyn-ar-tig). Gypsy-like.

Zinf6nia,

//.

Zingare'sca,

Zingare'sca,

A

(tsen^J-ne-a). //.

It.

It. (tset-^-no).

Zogernd, Ger.

Z6ppa, Zoppo,

(tsd

Gypsy song or dance.

)

_

f

Gypsy-like.

)

Tremulous, trembling.

Silence.

ghernd)

//. (tsdp--p'&). ' \ f ) //.

A, ale ; a,

*

(tsen-ga-rJj-ko).

Zitternd, Ger. (/^-tern'd). Zittino,

A

//. (tsen-ga-rdj-ka). i

Zingar^sco,

symphony.

(tsen ga-r
.

Retarding, lingering, hesitating

,

Halting; syncopated.

(tsop-vo).

add ; i care ;

a,

arm ;

e,

eve

; S,

end ;

I,

ice

;

I, /'//,*

OF MUSICAL TERMS

121

Ger. (tsoo-
Zunehmend,

Zuriickhaltung, Ger. (tsoo-rw>Ma/-toongk).

Retardation.

Zwei, Ger. (tsvi). Two. Zweihandig, Ger. (tof-han-dig). Two bands. Zweistimmig, Ger. (te'f-shtim-mlg). For two

parts,

or

voices.

Zwischen, Ger.

(fsvtsA-en).

Zwischenspiel, Ger.

Zwischen-stille, Ger. 6,

Intermediate, between. intermezzo.

(/jr/fr^-en-shpel). Interlude,

old ; 6, odd ; 6, done

(tsvfsfi-en-shttl-\). ; oo,

moon;

A

u, lute ; u,

pause.

but ;

ii,

(Frenth).

PRONUNCIATION OF THE NAMES OF THE CHIEF COMPOSERS

AND ARTISTS Auber

(Oh-bare').

Adam

(Ah'-dahm).

Boito (Boy-ee'-toe). Bargiel (Bahr'-geel). Biilow (Bee'low).

Bach

(Bahch).

Beethoven

(Bay'-toven). Bellini (Bellee'nee; final syllable short). Berlioz (Bair'-lee-oz).

Bizet (Bee'zay).

Brahms (Brahms broad ;

"

ah

Bruch (Brooch; hard "ch,"

").

guttural).

Calve (Kahl'-veh).

Chaminade (Shah'-mee-nahd). Cherubini (Kair-oo-bee'-nee;

Chopin (Sho'-pang). Clementi (Kleh-ment'-ee;

final short).

final syllable short).

Couperin (Koop'-er-rang).

Cramer (Krah'-mer). Cui (Koo'-ee).

Czerny

(Churn'-y).

D'Albert (Dahl'bear). Delibes (Day-leeb'). 123

PRONUNCIATION OF NAMES OF

124

De Reszke

(Deh-Resch'-keh). Diabelli (Dee-ah-bel'-lee). Donizetti (Doh-nee-tset'-tee).

Dvorak (Dvor-zhak). Faure (For). Flotow (Floh'-to). Franchetti (Frahn-ket'-tee

;

final short).

Frank (Frahnk). Franz (Frahnz). Fuchs (Fooks).

Gade (Gah'-deh). Glazounow (Glah-tsoo'-noff). Oluck (Gloock). Godard (Go'-dar).

Gounod

(Goo'-no).

Grieg (Greeg).

Guilmant (Geel'-mong). Halevy Handel

(Hah-lay'-vy).

Haydn

(High'-dn).

(Hand'-el).

Herold (Hair'-old).

Jensen (Yen'-sen). Kjerulf (Kcher'-oolf

;

guttural

" ch

Lachner (Lahch-ner guttural " ch Leoncavallo (Lay'-on-kah-vah'-lo). ;

Liszt (Least).

Loewe

(Lay'-ve).

").

").

CHIEF COMPOSERS AND ARTISTS

125

Mascagni (Mahs-cahn'-yee). Massenet (Mahs'-say-nay). Mattel (Mah-tay'-ee).

Mendelssohn (Mend'-l-sohn). Meyerbeer (My'-er-bare). Moscheles (Mosh'-eh-les).

Moszkowski Mozart

(Mosh-koffs'-kee).

(Mo'-tsart).

Napravnik (Nah-prahv'-nick). 1

Nicode (Nick'-oh-day). Offenbach (Of '-fen-bach

guttural

;

" ch

").

Ouseley (Ooze'-ley).

Paderewski

(Pah-der-eff'-skie).

Palestrina (Pah-les-tree'-na). Pergolesi (Pair-go-lay'-zy). Puccini (Poo-cheen'-ie).

Raff (Rahff).

Rameau

(Rah'-mo').

Reinecke (Rye'-neck-eh). Rheinberger (Rine'-bair-ger). Rossini (Ros-see'-nee).

Rubinstein (Roo'-bin-stine).

Saint-Saens rectly

;

Scharwenka Schytte

impossible to give quite cor-

(Sane-sahng)

last syllable

somewhat

nasal.

(Shar-venk'-er).

(Shee'-tay).

Scarlatti (Scahr-laht'-tee last short). Schubert (Shoo'-bairt the " t " very light). ;

;

Schumann

(Shoo'-mahnn).

Sgambati (Sgahm-bah'-tee

;

last short).

PRONUNCIATION OF NAMES

126

Tschaikowsky

(Tschy-koff'-skee).

Verdi (Vair'-dee).

Volkmann

(Folk'-mahnn).

Wagner (Vahg'-ner). Weber (Vay'-ber). Widor

(Vee'-dor).

ABBREVIATIONS A.

Alto.

Accel.

Accelerando.

.

Accelo.

)

Ace.

\

Accom.

>

Accomp.

)

Accres.

Accrescendo.

Accompaniment.

Adgo. or Ado.

Ad

Ad

lib.

Adagio.

libitum.

Affettuoso.

Affett.

Affrettando.

Affrett.

Ago. or Agito. Allo.

Agitato.

Allegro.

Allgtto. '

l 0tt ' All'ott.

i }

All' l'8va.

All. All'c All'ottava.

)

Al seg.

Al segno.

Andn o.

Andantino.

Andte.

Andante.

Animo.

Animato.

Arc.

Coll'arco, or Arcato.

Ard.

Ardito.

Arpo.

Arpeggio.

At.

A tern. A temp.

^ >

A

tempo.

'

127

1

ABB RE VIA TIONS

28

Aug. Augn. B.

)

Augmented,

}

By augmentation,

Basso, bass.

Bar.

Baritone.

Basso continue.

B. C.

Basso generale, or Bassus generalis.

B. G. Bl.

Blasinstrumente.

Br.

Bratschen. Brillante.

Brill.

C.

* time.

j.

Alia Breve time

;

also

Coll'arco.

C. a.

Cad.

Cadenza.

Cal.

Calando.

Calm.

Calmato.

Cant.

Canto.

Cantab.

Cantabile.

C. b.

Contrabasso.

C. B.

Col basso.

Cb. Contrabasse. Colla destra. C. D. 'Cello.

Violoncello.

Cemb.

Cembalo. Canto fermo.

C. F.

Ch.

Choir, choir-organ.

Chal.

Chalumean.

Chor.

Chorus.

C.

1.

Canto primo.

C. L.

Col legno

Clar.

Clarinet.

Clar.

Clarino.

Semi Breve or double

time.

ABB RE VIA TIONS Clarinetto.

Clartto.

Come.

Co.

Col

Col canto.

c.

Coll'ott.

)

Coll' ottava.

\

C. 8va.

)

Com. Comodo. Con espr. Con espressione. Cornet or Corno.

Cor.

Come

Co. So.

Cres.

)

.

Crescendo.

f

Cresc

'

Colla sinistra; also

C. S.

C to

.

sopra.

Colla parte.

C. P.

come

Concerto. Colla voce.

C. voc,

Dal segno.

Dal. S.

Da

D. C.

capo.

Decrescendo.

Decresc.

Delicamente.

Delic.

Dest.

Destra.

Diap.

Diapason, or Diapasons.

Dim.

Diminuendo, diminution.

Div.

Divisi.

Dol.

Dolce.

Dolcis.

Dolcissimo.

Dopp. Fed. Energ.

Doppio pedale.

Energicamente.

Espr., or Espress. Espressivo. Exp., or Ezpr. Orgue expressif. f . or for.

Fag.

Forte.

Fagotto.

sopra.

1

29

1

ABB RE VIA TIONS

30

Falset.

Falsetto.

Fortissimo.

ff . or fff .

Flauto.

Fl.

Flag.

Flageolet.

F

)

J

F.'org Forte piano. fp. Fz. or Forz. Forzando. Ged.

Gedampft. Great organ. \

G. 0.

G. Org.

)

Grand.

Grazioso.

Graz. Gt.

Grand orgue. Grandioso.

Great organ.

Hauptwerk (Great

Hauptw.

organ).

Haul.

Hautboy.

H. C.

Haute-contre (high tenor). Holzblas 3-

Hlzbl. or Hzbl. or H.

Hptw.

Hr. or Hrn. Incalz. Intro.

Inv.

K. F. Leg.

Legg. L. H. Lo.

W.

Hauptwerk.

Homer.

Incalzando. Introduction.

Inversion.

Kleuie Flote.

Legato.

Leggero, Leggiero. Left hand, linke hand.

Loco.

ABB RE VIA TIONS Lao.

Luogo. Lusingando.

Lusing.

Maest.

Maestoso.

Magg. Maggiore. Man. Manual. Mane. Mancando. Marc. M. D.

Marcato.

Men.

Meno. Metronome.

Mano

Met. Mez.

Mf

destra, or

main

droite,

Mezzo.

Mezzo forte. Mfz. Mezzo forzando. M. G. Main gauche. M. M. Maelzel's metronome. .

Mod., Modto. Moderate. Mor. Morendo.

Mp. Mezzo piano. M. S. Manuscript, Manosinistra. M. V. Mezza voce. Ob.

Oboe.

Obbl.

Obbligato.

Oberstimme. Oberw. or Obw. Oberwerk. Oh. Fed. Ohne Pedal. 0. M. Obermanual. Oberst.

Op.

Opp. Orch.

Org.

Opus. Oppure. Orchester, orchestra.

Organ.

Ott, Ova, 8a or 8va.

Ottava.

I

3

I

I

ABB RE VIA TIONS

32

W.

0.

Oberwerk.

Fed.

Pedal.

Perdendosi.

Perd.

pf

.

piu forte.

F. P. F.

|

Pianoforte.

}

Pfte. i.

)

Piang.

Piangendo.

Pianiss.

Pianissimo.

Pizzicato.

Pizz.

pmo., pp. | ppp-j PPPPPrin.

Pianissimo.

Principal.

Raddol.

Raddolcendo.

Rallentando.

Rail.

Recitative.

Recit.

rinfz.

ri., rfz., rinf.,

Rinforzando.

R. H.

Right hand, rechte hand.

Rilas.

Rilasciando.

Ripieno. Risoluto. Risol.

Rip.

Ritard.

Ritardando.

Rit., Riten.

Salicional.

Salic.

Scherz.

Seg.

Sem.

Ritenuto.

Scherzando.

Segue. or Semp.

Sempre.

Sforzanda Sf., sfz., sff. Sim. Simile. Sin. Sinf.

S. int.

Sinister.

Sinfonia.

Senza interruzione.

ABBRE VIA TIONS Slentando.

Slent.

Smorz.

Smorzando.

80S., Sost.

Sp.

Sostenuto.

Spitze.

Senza pedale.

S. P.

Spirituoso. Spir. S. S. or Sord. Senza sordini.

Senza tempo.

S. T. Stacc.

Staccato.

St. D. or St. Diap.

Stent.

String insruments. Streichinstrumente.

) ' )

String.

Sw. Sym.

Stringuendo.

Swell-organ.

Symphony. Tre corde.

T. C.

Temp.

Tempo Ten.

Tempo.

mpo

I.

primo.

Tenuto.

Timp.

_

T

Timpani.

T. P. Tr.

Stopped diapason.

Stentando.

Tempo

primo.

Trill,

Tratt.

trumpet. Trattenuto.

Trem. Tremolando, Tremulant Tromb, Trombe. Tromboni. Tromp. Trompete. T. S.

Tasto

U. C.

Una

Unis.

Unisono.

solo.

corda.

1

33

ABB RE VIA TIONS

34

1

Va.

Viola.

Var.

Variation.

Vc., Velio, VllO. Viol., VI.,

Vno.

Violoncello.

Violino.

Vivace.

Viv.

V. S. Volti Subito. Vv., Vin. Violini.

ABBREVIATIONS BY NUMBERS AND WORDS. A

Both instruments rendering the same part

2.

in unison.

First voice or instrument.

!<>

no.

Second voice or instrument.

jma jmo

Prfmo.

nda

n iza IVt*

Prima.

Seconda Corda. Terza Corda.

c.

C.

C. Quarta Corda.

4to.

Quartetto.

jfo-

Quintetto.

&to.

Sestetto.

jtto.

Septetto.

SIGNS. Dot.

. t

I

-r-

Staccato.

Staccatissimo.

Forte tenuto.

Mezzo

No

longer used as a sign of sforzato. Martellato.

Marcato.

staccato.

Written.

Portamento. Played.

ABBRE VIA TIONS Two

or

135

more dots placed above a note, in violin music, number of notes of equal time-value into which

indicates the

the given note

_^

^~_

legato.

Sign used in vocal music denoting that the notes under which the sign is placed are to be sung to

2

one

to be divided.

is

Mezzo

syllable.

/rs

>

Hold.

Repeat the chord or figure (Abbreviation). Written.

Written.

liO>||

Played.

time-value Breve, or Double note equal to two whole notes. ;

Written. (Abbreviation.)

Played.

(Abbreviation.)

1

ABB RE VIA TIONS

36

A

form of tremolo

in

which the lower note alternates with

the upper note as rapidly as possible, the tremolo having the time-value of one whole note.

The four the chord

notes at

(Abbreviation.)

--

(a)

are played in the

same manner

as

(b).

Commonly

Direct. called "

Continue the

whole

rest,"

figure.

which

is,

however,

rather misleading, inasmuch as the sign indicates one of

two

either the whole measure is silent, or a part of meanings, the measure equal in time- value to a whole note is silent.

(d)

(a)

The

"

whole whole measure

rest

"

at (a) (b) (c)

and

(d) indicates that the

is silent.

Example (e) is a quotation from the Missa Papae Marby Palestrina it is in Alia Breve time. The rest in the

celli first

;

measure has the time-value of a whole note.

ABB RE VIA TIONS

137

Written.

I The double

G

clef,

used in some choral works for the is to be sung an octave

tenor part it denotes that the part lower than written. ;

True

Pitch.

1 Written. (Abbreviation.)

Con 8va

bassa.

Played. <5j

Written.

^P

ABB RE VIA TIONS Written.

-X~

j-j

(Abbreviation.)

Played.

Broken chords beginning with the lowest note, the mainder follow in succsssion as rapidly as possible. ;

re-

The g and d in the second measure are played like a broken chord the b is held over from the first measure ;

(Pianoforte music). (b)

(a)

(d)

(c)

10 (a)

Two measures

measures

rest

;

rest

(d) ten

;

(b) four

measures

measures rest (c) seven or more, according to ;

rest,

the number given.

I Stopped notes for the horn.

ABB RE VIA TIONS

139

See Segno,

55'#'lfi' &' (a)

/w,

(a)

Inverted mordent

(b) 'Mv, (c)

, ;

(d),

(b)

tremu (e) /vw), (f) mordent (c) turn ;

;

(d),

(e),

(f), trill

second ending. Rinforzando. AV> Sforzato.

First ending

>

or

-=c 1

damper

;

or Fed.

|

Modern

signs

for

using the

(loud) pedal of the pianoforte.

2 Crescendo,

r

Decrescendo.

TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

IN

SONATAS. Anhang

(Ger.)

Coda.

Durchfuhrungssatz

(Abbr. Anh.)

Development. (Abbr. DS.) Hauptsatz (Ger.) Principal theme. (Abbr. HS.) Mittelsatz (Ger.) Middle theme. (Abbr. MS.) (Ger.)

Ruckgang (Ger.) Returning passage. (Abbr. Rg.) Schluss-satz (Ger.) Close (Cadence). (Abbr. Schls.) Seitensatz (Ger) Secondary theme. (Abbr. SS.) Uebergang

(Ger.) Transition.

(Abbr. Ug.)

Zwisschenatz (Ger) Intermediate theme.

(Abbr. Zws.)

A POCKET MUSIC VOLUME *

Waltzes of Johann Strauss With a Biographical Introduction by HBNRY T. FiNc,a Photogravure Portrait of the Author,

and 112 pages of Music.

J* Thfe volume of music and biography combined, being issued in a shape and

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WAGNER

RICHARD

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and one hundred and theatres, autographs

thirteen text-cuts

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;

In-

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scenes from his operas, views of

caricatures.

Extract from Mr. Lang's Introduction

" In view

With an

the French.

Illustrated with fifteen Portraits of

:

of the fact that almost the whole of our English

Wag-

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$3.00 for the set.

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