A Dictionary of Islamic Terms

A DICTIONARY OF ISLAMIC TERMS English - Arabic

and Arabic - English

Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ali Alkhuli

INTRODUCTION I felt the need for a dictionary of Islamic terms while I was writing some English books on Islam to introduce the Islamic religion to non-Muslims. I also found that many Arab writers of such English books have the same feeling about the need for such a dictionary because ~slanlicterms are available in Arabic, to begin with. Therefore, I developed the intention to compile a bilingual Arabic-English dictionary and an English-Arabic dictionary on Islamic terms. The result of this intention has been this dictionary. This dictionary contains the terms related to the Holy Quran, the Sunna, worship, transactions, manners, penal laws, the permitted, the prohibited, marriage, divorce, waiting period, inheritance, jurisprudence, pillars of Islam, God's names, Prophets' names, names of the Quranic chapters, many terms that may come under the umbrella of "Islamic terms9', and terms needed in comparative religious studies. To facilitate using this dictionary, I would like to mention the following: 1. In Arabic entries, the verb appears in the past form. 2. In English entries, the verb appears in the infinitive form.

3 . In Arabic entries, the definitive a1 is omitted whenever necessary. It only appears when it is an inseparable part of the noun. 4. Arabic words are almost completely vocalized in both dictionaries to make it easier for the reader and more accurate for the researcher. 5. In cases of English multiple synonyms of an Arabic entry or cases of Arabic multiple synonyms of an English entry, priority has been given to the most frequent and most suitable synonym.

6. No explanation of terms has been given in this dictionary o n the assumption that the user must know what the term refers to and that the sole objective of this dictionary i s , t o give the synonym in the other language. 7. Minimal explanation of some terms has been given in cases of semantic ambiguity or semantic multiplicity.

8. If an entry has several synonymous words, these words appear unnumbered one under the other. 9. If an entry has several unsynonymous equivalents, they appear one under the other with a serial number before each.

10. If a word,of an Arabic origin appears in English orthography, it is written in italics.

I do ask God, the Most High, the Most Able, t o guide us to the aight way. Amen. Dr. Muhammad Ali Abdul Marim Alkhuli

the posterity of Jacob

+&:ji di

favors gifts chiefs of unfaith enjoiner of good

by

$I

dJ;;;14 >i

21 -

W. I

amen

+AI hi

-,

-

J

silver vessels Signs of Allah allegorical verses

S!

>;!

be entrusted

$i

sinful

believe gold vessels

entrust

,

,

-,

&I &@

> & k G &bi

L9.3I

the sinful

;I :kq\

the Last the Hereafter the End and the

,$YI,

ikq\ +YI

Beginning

-

Adam

fa I

Azar the Approaching Day

>'-

corruptible usurer

&i

verse of inheritance

~ l $ l

the Greatest Sign

& $ J I &y\ >

-

the family of Abraham the family of Imran

verse of inheritance

QJ\y!

foster father

YUJL.;~~ 3 7 the family of Lot

originate creation create and restore

&,74 id, q

Pharaoh's people Moses' family Aaron's faniily

L ~ $7I

@$! ji

ji p*. ji bj ji 2 ,ji p,+ ji

p\>

F*!

decency

reward of the Hereafter i,+$I

modesty

&& $

great reward

jli2-t ,

monopoly

,

monopolize

unfailing reward

& !

generous reward

have a wet dream

++

disciplinary act

:&-$

d o &

>D:

3$

!$! &I

+ R~

great reward

wet dream the One

d&

>+

$

;$I' 5

criminality

one of the two fixed

the appointed time

&$!

the appointed term

terms one of the best two bodily discharging

2

1

row completion

( i U \

~ G I appointed term

21 *

&\GI

fL&

gj2i $i

sin

FG!

consecration on-pilgrimage state

tL&;

consensus of opinions

$lgyr

Confederates, the

consensus of the

k.4-I

the doing of good good-will do good

+I

6

become jun ub

.s4~ pi

best guidance $,,

060,,o

consensus of people

LGL ddl tG\

~~1

I

& >i

the best of moulds

LG!

Companions consensus of jurists

0

i$&ll

2

\ j s l ,+&I

+I a

laborer priests

marriage

k&-~endowments

be married

;p;i

make fruitless

E

;L;! s3-,i :'>+I

b-;i

leper (n.) invalidate

wrongdoing

I blees

manifest sin

9$!

Lucifer

2$/

Satan

>,

q+ ~91 d

sinful

consensus

Abrahamic

invalidate prayer

Twelvers

fixed time

Abraham

guilt

&

appointed time

3)

false accusation

great sin ,

i~ fulfilling oaths

&I

4

pass urine, stool, or wind

the best in character

flj+

reveal and conceal the righteous

ma t.:.iage

retrospective effect

judicial proceedings

the One and Only

G~jJ\ +I

consummation of

*

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fulfill his invocation

6i.k; +k+i

exercise of judgment

:+I

@I

u, i+!

+dl>5+! y"\

gates of Paradise paternity the followers of the

judgment in a juristic system exercise of

foster niece step-daughter

judgment in legislation exercise of

the son of Mary son's daughter

wicked

exercise of

wayfarer

2 j+l

, ,

judgment in particular cases

Supporters follow one's lusts beget a son

grandparents

fear Allah

reward

confidence in Allah

i ~ j ! perform pilgrimage

blood relatives

e$J *ji \

the Most Merciful of the Merciful

perform umra

jy

old geriatric age feeblest old age

the Holy Land

claim allegation

;$'st,

the meanest jointly-owned land

perform prayer

,,

Idrees adopted sons

* L A ' /jl '

ha1

mischief

breast-feeding

tuj!

call to prayer

suckle ( v t . )

-j1

prayer call first call

give suck the pillars of Islam

ig'i

?%YI

3

pillars of faith

-

z

S' L 5 y 3 q

articles of faith

night and day difference of

fall short in the

ijgl

morals

call to prayer

moralities

call to prayer

Islamic morals

arrows

ijj;

Brethren of Purity

want it crooked

brethren in faith

SCL1

lords

brotherhood

&L;!

apostasy

fraternity

the riding of two

the good ones

revert from

loan payment

myths of the ancients old-world fables the Tribes

b ~ ; t l

ordinances of Islam

f %1 F w ~ S

tenets of Islam laws of inheritance

-. F&f &&I f . p I

the Wisest of Judges

<

'P ~$19

(2) end consecration which is lawful

Sf

@

grant life the living

&YI

" ~ ti3 ~

foster-brother d

free will

y1 3

treat as lawful that

worship

gracious manners

ij

d

sincerity in

the Divine Will

>Y ;,\

>Gj

sincerity

first call to prayer

;LA

grandchildren

(1) permit

balance

JI~I

tales of the ancients

*

2 1

$1

below-waist cloth

?&I

GI

give undue measure

good manners

prisoners of war

,

a

~3

prove the Truth

defecation

Seats of Dignity

abuse of honor

.

intermingle (vi.)

Lji

+\

-1ih ._

schools

widow

the Apostle's consorts j&Jl iljji

guard her chastity

consanguine brother J

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d

j&f

UISI$~ ah 3

ti

uterine brother

$1

‘y9

i\

zu~2 k ;

foster-sister full sister

P i

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consanguine sister

I"

+Y I 2 -1
)&
a;1

crime commission

performance of prayer ;%.&I1

commit a crime

oath-taking

ilii

:I;! :!if

s

o i

A,

uterine sister

&I1

2

O *

0 :

;GI ..

castration intermingling of the

31 b%l P I

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0

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two sexes alternation of

>@13

Lj&

&I

,

<

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(1) submit himself t o Allah

seminal emission

&Lt

(2) embrace Islam

the Most Beautiful

41:;;I;

>I

Names of Allah

&'+

Isma'il transmitted chain

3

wash one's nose

+!

drawing lots

?%.!

, , 0.0

&I + ;I

&+&~ , , ~ L L jest

excellent example good example

a

captive

'

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prisoner of war

&$!

stipulate

2i

insolent

j12Yl

evil-doers

*

+

isl

mock at

+!

exact full measure

@I >

I

$&

associate partners with

<

3G!

take for a night journey

+ ;\>y

&\ *;

call God t o witness

the forbidden months k 3 l %$\ the makers of the pit the Companions of the Wood

, . f

r

A>.L~YI U&/

I

qL&!

,

r

>I

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be extravagant the lowest of the low

&lL

dropping the

z,&\

Islam

e+~

J

:k%\

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for public good

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seek food of God revocation of a gift

,e

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, ,

for entering present oneself to captivity

>h,

tyranny

~ I., G , I

empty-uterus inquiry

,.

heavy brocade

cji!

-0

0

thick silk

A& ;GI,

seek refuge with Allah

,

,

, ,

A& - LG~

seek God's help

ask one t o repent

$GI,

feel shame

+ '!

(womb) bleeding between periods

*

a! clean private parts with

be modest

3Ll

&[

LL!

+!

ask for forgiveness

+!

stones shaving the pelvic region

seek forgiveness

shaving pubic hair

ask for a legal verdict

& '!

preference

k&l

approval

rectitude face the Ka'ba

A&\

, ,

&!

@\

iGY'

-$&!

be arrogant seek clothing of God

, ,

,~i, "4 : j

G, l,

(J&)I) ~ G I ,

,

\*

&!

w\

invoking G o d for guidance ;jL&!

e+~ J>b L9 Y ;: 1 'L\ revoke repudiation a 1@>!

inferrence

&\ 1-

ei;li

ask one t o take a n oath feel shy

face the Qibla

+i

i l G, l,

a

discharge of semen v

w!

P Q

asking permission

, a /

waste

intoxicate

deduction

, ,

backbite

conceal

punishment .$$I

;GI

appeal for refuge

>i z

join partrers with God

invoking God for rain be martyred

perfectly

seek God's protection

+ ak>i

the Night Journey

conceal and reveal

God

%!

?&

perform ablution

!

Isaac prisoners of war

ask for water

gift revocation

draw lots

speak in private

the bad ones

1

&I,

I

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clean one's private parts

bGY I seek guidance of G o d

Isma'ilism

3jL!

enslave

*

using a toothbrush

, ,

sdi

bestow depart

sol

pour water

seclusion

,&[

seclusion at mosque

amend one's conduct

confine oneself in a mosque&\

idols

seclude oneself in a mosque

principles of Islam

Arafat proceeding from Arafat

perform umra

jG!

prayer commencement

Ad! i.2 Ad!

ransom ransom oneself ransoming

;I&!, ,

ransom invent a lie

b ~ A\ .$ & 231 ,

against God

non-Arabs capital punishment

principles of

61i1

LGI

(?jj 3 c3~, '21;t:

genitals

&d, -.,

;=+I

isi cljjl

$L.

backbite

take a bath after

$&I! 3

&I

(1) break the fast

&; seduce

the People of Paradise

jJ, jGi

the Rass &I

&d

3L431 &J 5

P

r

Quranic heirs

b7

mislead

y&! !&i*:

feel at ease in sitting

cu,+

feel at ease in

I&+

&Li.$i

the Blazing Fire

o r

&Lib1

f&l

the Companions of &I

the Companions of

9~jkll jGl ("'4' $1 &!I

&G&;

the Elephant the Companions of

$31& 41 &&i

stages transgress

2 ~ 1

*!

moderation

the Companions of

confession

J&\ d\rj+\

i

confess

'29 1

the Companions of =\ &k$i

c

holding fast to

4

hold fast to

-! +&I

$&I,

2

~

the City

prostration

+&! j4~

spermat ism give wealth

++I

lead astray

3;

i

s

medleys of dreams

the Garden

the Inscription

origins of law the weakest of faith

91 &,ei

the Companions of

the Companions of

sacrifice

r

greetings

$

execution

rape

&I&L!

+L&i

Hell

the Companions of

jurisprudence

i'*I&\

taking a bath

?Q, >i

$7 +; t%l~ &d g&

*

Do right.

isolated pilgrimage propagate greetings

*I

reveal

j9l&

death

single ritual

ascendants

declaration of marriage

a91

~ G I

reconciliation

*! &&I

publicity of marriage

God

forge it

$y~

mountains

invent a falsehood against

propagation of

embrace Islam

desertion

presumption of

, ,

the Companions of @I

Fire

,&[

adpi 2 b d > \

the Onrush from

&; A&\

manumit

the Companions of

;I$

,,

$+$!

the Cave

GU '\

+Li.$i

the Left Hand the Right Hand the Companions of the J & ~ ~ G & i

i

the God of Mankind

slave woman abstinence from

jc

LGI

,,

food L

One God

the biggest of the

3

>@I

greatest sins

kinship

more quarrelsome

(2) give up fasting

$\

$J+

liar (n.)

r~Gf &j\

ordain

ji\

Allah

honoring the guest

slander

ordainment

;i

God

compulsion

obvious lie

deity

coercion

invented falsehood

enjoining what is right dJ94>i

Elias

the Most Bountiful

male relations

advocating good

Elisha

the most honored of you

enjoining good actions

cause death

considering one as a

&ji $

Divine Imperative

3. i$I, &,i;T>\

barren woman indiscreet woman

:,,

(1) married woman

0

(2) chaste woman

s

~!f!

;{>!

divorced woman * -4.

,jwu$>,

I ,

thrice-divorced

$

+J>b

enjoin the right

,r

woman refrain from

pisac;!

I

evil-doing abortion by beating immovable properties

+d$~

-.@

2 a$\

movable properties

2&

foster-mother

u

P

~

grant death

& 3;

Fie upon you!

$9

$31

disbeliever

in-laws implement the penalty the second call

9

deaden

the eating of locusts

prayer leader

bitter fruits

leader

devouring usury

I

the awaited leader

eating out of necessity

I$

a guide and a mercy

born-blind

&i

confession

leadership

veils

kf

dual ritual

prayer leadership

To Him is the return.

trusts

To Him is the return. wl i t JI

(1) honesty

atheism

(2) trust

most quarrelsome

lady slave

awl

$I

$

&$

2 s &jj ~ ~ i GjJ~ &$i $&I $1 cia kdr\) j,?;

reduced call the Copts

$; acknowledgement of

8$91 !$+&;'$: ,

paternity

+id\ b J! -I

id!

L$J&

pilgrimage- umra corn bination + S J \

,$

kindred

'

mandatory

&j~

confess

she-slave

abusive language

iGf uncircumcised person

female slave

god deity

?CPiJl

, ;iJI

;I$/ ;$!

send greetings to

~woman & slave

&I

religious minority give satisfaction

i;j; ;ij+l

3; Af L~ -*, g&i >i

&Zi -

cattle &ii$! ~~

sinners

$i

the Lord of Forgiveness i$l , -

j s !

assuming ihram

;Fi;

assume ihram

bestow Grace on

&Ul id, <

1

~ 5 '

commandments

jji

perform one rak'a perform one prayer unit

tG!

conducting marriage

,$ 4 1$7

Family 3

the Lord of the

will

$1

Righteous

bequeath bequeath in favor of

1&j!

>$

fulfill one's covenant

+$&

fulfill His covenant

& >j ,&q j j i

fulfill one's vow

2ji

give just measure

J&+I

give just measure

>j

kj!

d 1..,9 1

give just weight pregnant women

z

JGYI L J ~ !

merge (vt.1 merge night into ,@I

$j!

2 $!I &fj

people of Par-adise enemy at war the covenanted

91 +>I

3

g i l $i

people of opinion wicked people

&Ihi 2d $i~

the People of the Book +E$!

hi

the People of the Scripture the People of the Two Scriptures

( 3 ~ ,i1 +L)

expiry of idda *

>@I ,$:

dl

,

*,

&+?I

the Book of Jesus the Gospel of Luke

tij&J

foster-mother

equals

;,ii

equals to God

;!&:i;°f

make a vow

jd

righteous man

sb :GI ;bL,

if God wills ,&I

iI>t

chest erected posts the Supporters

sdi ;&yl

21

Helper

z

emit semen

&$y!

the dead

&,A

&JI

$j$ I

the Umayyads

the Commander of the &,$I Faithful the Leader of the Faithful repent

$.$

repentence remorse

41 $f

suicide dissemination of

f%y ;GI

,,

,,

Islam *JL:~

Ff 85

stories of the Unseen

the Helpers Supporter

~QJI

discharge semen

maternity

--

4s

0

21

the Gospel of John

G -gl >SijGl

A,$?I\

say amen

orphans' wealth

P o .

{/

+E$JI

the Mother of believers

Sp the Gospel of Matthew $ Sl

expansion of the

people under protection

a%d'ii

> ~ the Mother of the Book dissolution of marriage c ~ jiGl ,,

immorality

People of the House

inspire

lead the prayer the Mother of Cities

the Gospel of Mark

$[

idolators the Memebers of the

reveal

retribution

the Gospel

the liars

injunctions

,,

a

powers

vain desires

revenge

jk:f

war spoils separation of

+I

&+f

bestow upon

1

desires

;a

disperse through the land

2j,Yc l 2 b s !

>a

-.$I

belief in the Unknown

4 4 &I

day

belief in angels

. ikl

&$L

I

brief expression of f a i t h s 5L&! the Knower of the Hidden

21 :&I

the Resurrecter

marriage

Messengers

21:&I &W,al &Uql -,

deeds major (n., adj.)

&

the Evolver

full-grown (adj.) 0

$I;

Days of Ignorance

GWI

the First

appointed days

21:$?p 8 21:&Jl

Ci\;

the Maker

give the oath of allegiance

Days of Mina (1) matron

allegiance for

e r( 0

u, AjJ~F

honey drink

hl

&I

fondle her

& ?J~F ,j!

void (adj.)

:JbLJ\

, 1$

&i;

r(

wrongfully

5;:

:kg\

the Generous Provider falsehood (n.)

the Immanent

,

:jb~ $6

$ &

$1

:;bqI

;I$ J$I

#t

former peoples

&l5,.k

A,,& +$ ,

5t

ci;! ek\ \

$

paying zakat offer

;@I E I>\ j

I

:y

2 :&hi

vow of continence oath of desertion

>E

4'

faith belief in God

God bless you.

& @q

>+I

tender-hearted

fixed number of days

b

s'i?j\

protectors

s21 ifJ .

Job

give the pledge of allegiance

j,!

possessors of

days of tashreeq

(2) ex-married woman

the Soul-Creator

honey wine

sheltering criminals

the Inventor

ciG

men of understanding

J

G O ~ I

determination

faith

.

be divorced

miserliness

o$y& k&

judgment the Originator

jkb:LL&!

j,! +&IjJ! f!

blood-relatives

~

the door of the exercise of

JU

slit-ear she-camel

L

interpretation

pass urine

give the pledge of

?*vl

the gate of

the Forever Endurer enduring good

S

under compulsion

h :&$I &q

the Despatcher of

detailed expression of

severe poverty

ljjy j,;

of physical needs

faith in the Unseen

5L&! $+541

J& urination speech

Jji

after Hijra

LLj

A.H.

the House

a, :a\ Bakka

the Sacred House

~ I ~ J I

virgin (n.)

the Ancient House

@I

trial

a\

I .

the treasury the Muslims' treasury

S& s

,

*

&

5 ;$ :$

obvious trial g

2 >iGdj

come of age

helmet

proclaim the Message *,

churches

e : *

sale

0,

P

sale of pre-mature

?wg i>dl e # 0,

vegetables auction sale touch sale imaginary sale pledge of allegiance between the navel &?Jlj

3 ~ 3& 1i

puberty

ex

marriage

;&

dg'G

two-year she-camel

trade choice sale

ia;-$ &J1-$

reach full age

.

$

~&\$,Jl

+%4! 5

e' 0

,

*o,

$ , e l@ *

)>I

*

headcloak

ijk

glad tidings

&,& j&

into good

good news

a Badr warrior

$4

glad tidings

innovation

k&

good news

innovated practice

3

bringer of glad tidings

the All-Seeing

AI:+\

Al-Buraq

courtiers of the ruler

rLYl :& '

cool and safe

-,

3

exult the Mighty Onslaught

A$\

the children of Adam

fay

Adam's children

u l > ,

expiration of ablution

$

l

O p

5%

~$31 9%d GG

resurrection after

i%;

death

mission of

false accusation

* e6

(+)

I

b)Ll Ti>

the Benign

&I $1

the Beneficent

21

righteousness dutifulness to parents

post -nup~ial

$

acquit (vt .)

@: A :I&

the intervening stage

A!,

4\9~1 -&

the blessings of Allah

1

&z

tj2

barrier

SLi-2

blessings

Muhammad (PBUM)

+2%;

;$I

invoke God to bless him *

0 ,

slander

24

5,

GG

resurrect (vt.) raise up

dpy &!

invented heresy sacrificed camel

glad-tidings bearer

&I>\$

a great lie

i&

change their evil y G

the children of Israel

falsehood

$1

!&JI&

voidness of the contract d

>

beginning of creation origination of creation

&jw

*

f-&

p--!

unripe dates enlarge provision

originate creation

$&,

>

0 . L

cooperative bank

cemented structure

to>

JJr!

jZ;

miser (n.)

g ,

the Clear Message h l@JI &*I the Clear Proclamation

stainlessly white

and the knees

y k

&

Jerusalem white without stain

&

3Ul

2>

blessing grace

without measure

style elegance

,q

!&!I

&I

-

-9,

dG

A+?

seller and buyer

The onus of proof Clear Sign

a

just evidence

(&I,

kj

Clear Signs

&

clear evidence

& ~ t

proof be blessed Glory to Allah hate one another celibacy

a dazzling display wanton display of beauty extravagance Proclamation of th Message

symbolic interpetation become a widow

adopt adoption urination alcohol trade discrediting

(6~

espionage SPY on mutual jealousy envy one another under coercion

the Successors of the

A!?$! u

(~UI $1 is$

-

fe!G

teachings

the teachings of Islam @ , LrY I l I;JG -, Quranic teachings d~$l

qG' -_

?L

hastening

d

~ I > 3 ,

3 u

g,q\ 5~:

polytheism

> 3 '

cs*jjl

polygamy attestation

(G,~I

,!

3 u

&.$

~~I~

j$

discretionary punishment

3

fanaticism

a:

suspension of divorce

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