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Labberton Historical Atlas
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AN
HISTORICAL ATLAS CONTAINING A CHRONOLOGICAL SERIES OF
ONE H...
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Labberton Historical Atlas
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AN
HISTORICAL ATLAS CONTAINING A CHRONOLOGICAL SERIES OF
ONE HUNDRED MAPS, fit Jjfi
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BY
EOBERT
H.
LABBERTON.
PHILADELPHIA: CLAXTON, REMSEN & HAFFELFINGER, NOS. 819 & 821
MARKET STREET.
1873.
Kjno
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1871, by
CLAXTON, REMSEN & HAFFELFINGER, in the Office of the Librarian of
STKBKOTTl'Kli
I)Y J.
FAGAN
Congress at Washington.
t SON,
PHILADELPHIA.
1630
PREFACE. TT1VERT VERY
student of History finds an Historical Atlas indis-
-*—* 1H-11SU pensable to
Ms
pursuits.
The advantages derived from
such a work are at present fully admitted.
without exception, that without
its
It is
acknowledged,
aid History can neither be
thoroughly taught nor perfectly understood. All teachers of History have long of maps, exhibiting at a glance
felt
the
the successive
of States with
collection
their attendant alterations
of frontier;
in other
WOrds, Of A TRULY PICTORIAL HISTORY.
The
object of this
by offering
work
to teachers
prepared expressly
want of a
changes
tion
to
is
to supply this long-felt deficiency,
and students a
illustrate
connected Series of
the leading events
of History
Maps,
from
THE EARLIEST AGES TO THE PRESENT TIME.
ROBERT
in the distribu-
Philadelphia, July, 1871.
II.
LABBERTOX.
r
ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTEXTS.
TWELVE MAPS ILLUSTRATING EASTERN HISTORY. I.
1.
The ,f.
b, c,
d,
2.
b. c. ?..
of the Pyramids, (from an actual survey ;) showing The bifurcation of the Nile and the bluffs. The exact situation of Memphis, Cairo, Old Cairo, and Gizeh. The exact position of the great pyramid, sphinx, etc.
The Second Progressive Map.— Egyptian Ascendency; The Egyptian Empire
III.
;
c,
|
d, e,
The Ruins
5.
The Third Progressive Map. a, b, c,
V.
ff,
Empire of David and Solomon. The kingdoms of Judah and Israel.
h,
Phoenicia, with the precise position of the Phoenician cities.
Jerusalem, (from an
9.
The Fourth Progressive Map. — The Four Great Powers; (7,
4, c,
Ascendency; showing
The Assyrian Empire The six great Phoenician towns, and the principal Phoenician colonies. The beginnings of Home. in its greatest extent.
VI.
fi.
Nineveh,
7.
The Holy Land and Lower Egypt fl.
b,
showing arms of the Nile. Arsinoe. Moeris and Lakes Joseph's Canal,
The
Media, Babylonia, and Egypt. Ionia, Greece, and Great Greece. of Carthage, Syracuse, and Rome.
Babylon, (from an
The b.
(from an actual survey.) d.
;
Delta, with the seven
12.
Nineveh
The position of The beginnings
11.
a.
actual survey.)
division of Western Asia (after the fall of
10.
c.
IV.
The
showing
of Thebes, (from an actual survey.)
— Assyrian
of Goshen, with the bitter lakes and the canal from the Nile to the Red Sea. The route of the Israelites from Goshen vii Sinai, to Jericho. The exact situation of the twelve tribes of Israel.
8.
in its greatest extent.
4.
The land
f, Tlie
The Field a.
II.
—
Chaldcean Ascendency showing First Progressive Map Chaldaean Empire in its greatest extent, (blue.) Northern and Southern tetrarehy. course of the Euphrates and Tigris. course of the Nile from the Victoria Nyanza to the Mediterranean, showing its affluents, cataracts, and the Delta.
The The The The
13.
by the Hellenes ;) showing coasts of the Mediterranean from the Black Sea to the Tuscan Sea. The Propontis, with the Hellespont and Bosporus. The Western coast of Asia Minor, with the principal ,'Eolian, Ionian, and Dorian colonies.
Hellas, a,
The Ruins
6, c,
The JEgse&n Sea with its islands, (Cyclades and Sporades.) c The great divisions of Greece with its ethnological diversities. and Sicily. /, The Greek colonies in Southern Italy d.
14.
(the countries set/led
The North-Eastern
VIII.
15.
showing
into Lydiu,
»
actual survey.)
—
Persian Ascendency; showing Fifth Progressive Map. The Persian Empire in its greatest extent. The march of Darius I. from Sardes to Scythia. The march of the Ten Thousand from Sardes to Cunaxi. and their return from Cunaxa to the Bosporus. The three decisive battle-fields (Granicus. Issus. and Arbela) on which the Persian Empire was destroyed. of Susa, [from an actual survey.)
NINE MAPS ILLUSTRATING GREEK HISTORY. VII.
i
The Field of Troy. Hellas and Peloponnesus showing ;
a. 6,
The subdivisions of Hellas and Peloponnesus. The historical places and battle-fields.
Kemarh: — Stmts =
16.
Plan of Sparta and
17.
Plan of Thebes and
its
its
Gulf, anil Mart
=
Neighborhood.
Neighborhood
&a.
ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS. IX.
18.
Plan of Athens and
its
Neighborhood.
19.
Plan of Corinth and
its
Neighborhood.
20.
The Sixth Progressive Map. — Hellenic Ascendency showing
A, c.
d,
The route of Alexander to India. The Stales sprung from Alexander's Empire, 300 B.C. The compact Roman domain, 300 B. c, [colored yellow.)
;
a.
The Empire
of Alexander the Great.
21.
Plan of Alexandria, [from an
actual survey.)
TWENTY-SEVEN MAPS ILLUSTRATING ROMAN HISTORY. X.
22. Italy
Enlarged
24.
XI.
Italy from the beginning of the Samnite ning of the Punic 'Wars; showing
20.
a,
b\ c,
d, e,
20.
27.
XII.
XIII.
during the Regal Period.
Map of Latium during the Regal Period. The Original Roman Domain, (Ager Romanus.)
23.
28.
34.
to the begin-
The earliest boundaries of the great armed confederacy led by Rome, {colored yellow.) The exact boundaries of Italy proper, (indicated by yellow lines.)
30.
XIV.
37.
Gaul, south of the Alps (red), Liguria (green), and Istria (purple). The maritime fortresses, or burgess-colonies. The military roads, with the road-fortresses, (Latin colonies.)
of 'War during the early
The bay of Naples with
A,
neuin and Pompeii. The battle-fields of the Samnite wars.
its
islands, the Vesuvius,
b,
d,
and Hercula-
e,
38.
b. c.
39.
and Car-
The Empire of the Barcidas in Spain. The situation and territorial extent of Rome i
r.
d,
31
.
bilk
,
(yellow)
and Carthage
on the eve of the second Punic war.
The march Of Hannibal from Carthago Nuva to the Trasimcnus. The principal battle-fields of the second Punic war.
Rome and
Carthage at the end of the Second Punic War.
the Hellenes,"
— Demetrias,
Chalcis,
and
Corinth. The JEtolian and Achaean confederacies. Pergamus before and after 190 B. c. The great battle-fields of the Grreco-Rosnan wars.
in the Times of Mithradates The Empire of Mithradates, yblue.) The Empire of Tigranes (yellow), and Parthia The Roman province of Asia, (yellow lines.)
The Surroundings and the Euripus
of
Lake Copais,
showing The principal theatre of war
;
showing (green).
in Bceotia, 'with
Eubcea
;
XV.
40.
The Seventh a.
;
A,
The three "fetters of
Western Asia u.
showing
situation and territorial extent of Rome (yellow) tiinL"' (Hut) on the eve of the great struggle. The principal battle-fields of the first Punic war.
The
Rome and Carthage at the end of the First Punic War. Rome and Carthage on the eve of and during the Second Punic War showing a.
Plan of the City and Harbor of Syracuse. The Western Basin of the Mediterranean at the close of the Punic Wars, (146 B.C.) The Western Basin of the Mediterranean a century after the close of the Punic Wars, (50 B. C.) The Eastern Basin of the Mediterranean during the two centuries preceding the birth of Christ; showing a, Macedonia from the death of Alexander to the Roman Conquest.
Samnite
Plan of the City and Harbor of Tarentum. Rome and Carthage on the eve of and during the First Punic
A,
Hannibal's Route from the Rhone to the Apennines. Plan of the City and Harbor of Carthage.
c,
a.
War;
29,
33.
35.
The Principal Theatre Wars; showing
a,
30.
Wars
32.
A,
41.
Progressive
showing The Roman Empire in The Parthian Empire.
A, c,
d, e,
Map.
Mithradatic war.
— Roman
Ascendency;
greatest extent.
its
Rome showing The seven bills of Home. The original settlement, (white.) The city and wall ofServiua Tullius, The city and wall of Aurclian, with The five bridges.
Plan of the City of a.
in the first
;
(j/rllow.) its
gates, (yellow
lint- .)
ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS. 42.
XVI.
43.
Map of the Capitoline Hill, Fora, etc. most celebrated buildings and monuments.
Enlarged
The Roman Empire a. 6,
;
showing the
45.
;
the fourth century. c,
The
division of the
Empire
in
395
The Bosporus and Constantinople. Gaul before the Roman Conquest.
44.
until 395 A. D. showing The names of all the provinces with the years of conquest. The relative position of the Christian and heathen world during
XVII.
A. D.
Roman
40.
Gaul
47.
Italy during the
48.
vu
after the
Conquest.
Empire; showing
Division and Subdivision of the
the fourteen districts.
Roman Empire
since 395.
SIXTEEN MAPS ILLUSTRATING MEDIEVAL HISTORY. XVIII.
49.
Europe and Western Asia about 500 A. D.
; showing the Ostrogothic, Visigothic, Merovingian, Vandalian, and Byzan-
b, c.
tine Empires.
XIX.
50.
The Empire
of the
d.
Franks under Clovis,
in
507 A. D. show;
ing the relative positions of the Salic and Ripuarian Franks. 51.
XX.
52.
of the Frankish Empire, in 567 A. D., into Neustria, with Aquitania, Austrasia, and Burgundy, (to illustrate the times of Brunehilda and Fredegonda.J
The Division
b,
The Arabic Empire in its greatest extent. The world at the beginning of the eighth century.
c,
The four Christian Empires,
53.
54.
The Empire
b,
55.
b, c,
of
Charlemagne and
its
b,
Franre.
end of the thirteenth century.
57.
Scotch Struggle. The World about the middle
of the Tenth Century The Empire of Otto the Great divided into its duchies,
;
showing
(blue.)
red
in 1160, (blue lines.)
\
f,
g,
The Western Caliphate
i
lines.)
(green), with the five Christian (Portugal, Leon, Castile, Navarre, and Arragon) Spanish peninsula. The Christian States on the Syrian coast, (blue.)
The Christian States
in the East, in 1142.
A
D.
:
S
in
t
lie
showing
the four States founded by the Crusaders Jerusalem, Tripolis. Antiochia, and Edessa), with the native Christian kingdom of Armenia (blue .
XXV.
CO.
Norman, and early
South-Eastern Scotland the principal scene of the Anglo-
in
;
i
dominion of the Ayoubites, (green
;
lines.)
The German Empire of Barbarossa. blue.) Poland, Hungary, and Servia, (In, The remnant of the Byzantine Empire, (yellow.) The Eastern Caliphate, with the Empire of lconium and the
k.
5G.
a,
of the Crusades showing The possessions of the Plantagenets
d,
69.
(purple.)
with the great duchies of Neustria. (red
a,
Ommaiad
Plantagenet Periods; showing The Saxon (blue) and Celtic (yellow) parts of the British Islands. The Saxon kingdoms in England. The English battle-fields from the beginning of the eighth to the
(red),
The Age
e,
Division in 843 A. D.
British Islands during the Saxon,
Francia
The Caliphate of Cordova (green), with the Christian States Spain, (Leon, Castile, and Pampeluna.)
c,
(Christianity
showing The Empire of Charlemagne and its division into Neustria, Lorraine, and Austrasia, (bli/e.) The Byzantine Empire and the Caliphates of Bagdad and Cordova.
The a,
XXIII.
58.
on the point of being crushed by the Moslems.) (Byzantine, Longobardian, Merovingian,
and Anglo-Xaxon.) Plan of the City of Damascus, the Capital of the Caliphs.
a,
XXII.
XXIV.
The Eighth Progressive Map. — Arabic Ascendency; showing 0,
XXI.
e,
The Byzantine Empire, (yellow.) The Burgundian or Arelatian kingdom,
the Guelphs. about 1170 A. D to illustrate the struggle between Barbarossa and Henry the Lion showing a. The German duchies in the latter part of the twelfth century. b, The possessions of the Iloheustaut'eu (blue), and thi of the Guelphs (yellow]. The North-Eastern and Southern Parts cf France, to illustrate the Crusade against the Albigeuses a, The situation of the three celebrated Benedictine monasteries of Cluny. Citeaux, and Clairveaux. 4, The possessions of Raymond of Toulouse which were granted to Simon de Montfort, (blue.)
The Hohenstaufen and
,
;
61.
:
ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS. 62a.
The Latin Empire and the Christian States a, I. c.
d,
The The The The
in the East. Greek Empires of Nicasa an'l Trebizond, (yellow.) Latin Empire with its feudal States, (blue.)
62b.
XXVI.
63.
The Remains of the Kingdom of Jerusalem The Empire of Frederick II. showing {/.
Venetian possessions in the East, (green.) Turkish Empire of Iconium.
in 1204.
;
b, c,
The German Empire during the first halt' of the 13th century, (bl.'y The hereditary possessions of Emperor Frederick II., (green.) The remnant of the Empire of Henry the Lion, (yellow.)
FIFTY-TWO MAPS ILLUSTRATING MODERN HISTORY.
XXVI.
01.
England ana Trance during the Anglo-French Struggle. a, b, c,
d,
e,
XXVII.
65.
The Burgundian Dominion b,
of Charles the Bold; showing The countries directly ruled by Charles the Bold, (green.) The countries which had once formed a part of the Burgun-
c,
The
a,
XXIX.
England (blue lines) and France, (red. ) The countries claimed by England, (red lines.) The portion ceded to England by the peace of Bre'tigny. The possessions of Philip the Bold, founder of the second (or great) Burgundian house, (green lines.) All the battle-fields and historical places of the Anglo-French struggle and of the War of the Roses.
08.
b, c,
e,
69. 70.
XXX.
71.
position of the Burgundian dominion, belonging partly to France and partly to the Empire, (indicated by a yellow-blue line, which shores the boundary between France and the Empire.) Lorraine, being also partly a French fief (indicated by yellow lines) and partly a German fief (indicated by blue lines). The position of Lorraine, dividing the Northern realms of Charles from his Southern possessions.
The Ottoman extent 1682 AD. The Mongol Kingdoms during the Fourteenth Century
72.
a, b,
Portugal and the Portuguese discoveries and
The a.
c.
d.
73.
The a. b.
b, e.
d, t.
f. .'/,
h,
Aquitaine, (red
74.
XXXI.
7").
lines.)
The French realm (red), with the possessions of the house of Anjou during the fifteenth century, (red villi black lines.) The Burgundian dominion of John the Fearless, (green lines.) The house of Luxemburg in its greatest glory, (blue.) The Habsburg possessions, (purple The seven German Electorates, (names underlined.') The Arr.goninn Empire (brown), with the united kingdoms of Leon and Castile, (brown lines.) )
colonies, (yellow.)
Pope Alexander's line of demarcation. Atlantic Coast of North America in the Seventeenth Century; showing • The English settlements of New England, Virginia, and Carolina.
b.
'Western Eurcpe about 1400 A. D.; showing in France.
;
Genghis-Khan and of Timur.
of the Spaniards and Portuguese in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries showing Spain and the Spanish discoveries and colonies, (blue.)
t
The English realm, with the English possessions
of
The Discoveries
c,
;
a,
fifty
existence, (green.) Empire in its greatest
;
—
67.
the last
its
showing the Empires
Central Switzerland. The scene of the Swiss Struggle against Habsburg showing lie position of the cradle oj the Habsburg race (Castle Habsburg), the original Habsburg domains, and the famous battle-fields.
XXVIII.
The Empire of the Mamelukes, (yellow.) The remnant of the Byzantine Empire during years of
dian dominion, (green border.)
d,
Eastern Europe and 'Western Asia about 1400 AD., (the Eastern continuation of Map 67 ;) showing a, The Ottoman Empire during the first part of the 15th century.
70. 77.
The Dutch settlement of New Netherlands. The Swedish settlement of New Sweden. The French settlement of Acadia. United States in 1783; showing The situation of the Thirteen Original Colonies. The principal battle-fields of the Revolution.
The Gulf
of St. Lawrence, with its Islands. France divided into Thirty-five Provinces.
Germany divided into Ten Circles. The Four Rhenish Electorates with Countries; showing «, The Archbishopric of Cologne, (purple.) The A, Archbishopric of Treves, (green.) c. The Archbishopric of Mayence, (blue.) d. The Rhenish Palatinate, [yellow.) e. The Cleve inheritance in 1609, (red.)
the surrounding
ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS. XXXII.
78.
Western Europe about 1550 A.
D. showing especially of Habsburg in the zenith of its power (purple), with its division into an Austrian and Spanish branch. 6, The kingdom of France {red) with the Bourbon possessions. c, The Hohenzollerns in Brandenburg (blue), Prussia, Anspach, and Culmbach, (blue with black lint's). d, The possessions of the house of Savoy, (yellow.) e, The dominion of the Pope in Italy and France. /, The republic of Poland before the union with Lithuania. a,
79.
b,
;
North-Eastern Italy
;
showing the
battle-fields of the
80.
a,
b,
c,
d, e,
/, g, h, i,
XXXVI.
87.
Central and Northern Europe in 1795 showing especially a, The extent of Prussia. Russia, and Austria after the ab;
XXXIV.
82.
90. 91.
The Age
89.
lines.)
part of
Lombardy during the Seven-
especially
The Empire
d,
Kingdom The Austrian, Russian, and Prussian monarchies, etc
Northern Italy, 1794-1800. against Egypt and Syria. Expedition Bonaparte's
94.
Europe
wick-Luneburg), (blue lines.) of the house of Savoy (Savoy, Piedmont, and
95.
Sicily), (yellow.)
96.
The Theatre The Theatre
97.
Europe
XXXVIII.
of the Spanish branch, (purple.) The Bourbons of France and Spain, (red.) The extent of the Guelphic dominions (England and Bruns-
The
Napoleon the Great; showing
a,
93.
92.
—
d,
of
of Napoleon in its greatest ezlenl red), with the vassal States ruled by his relations, (red with black lines.) b, The Confederacy of the Rhine, with Bavaria in its greatest extent. of Saxony, with the grand-duchy of Warsaw. c, The
in its greatest extent, (purple lines.) of Russia in the middle of the seven-
teenth Century. Peace of Utrecht; showing especially Europe in 1713. a, The extent of the Habsburg possessions after the extinction
c,
XXXV.
d,
sorption of Poland. of the house of Wittelsbach (Bavaria, Juliers, Berg, and the Palatinate), (orange.) The extent of Denmark (green) and Sweden (red lines). The Eastern boundary of France in 17'JO, (red.)
The possessions
The First Partition of Poland in 1772. The Second Partition cf Poland in 1793. The Third Partition of Poland in 1795.
88.
France, with the battle-fields of the civil wars, (red.) Germany, with the battle-fields of the Thirty Years' War.
The South-Eastern
b,
83.
c,
XXXVII.
etc.
England, Scotland, and Ireland during the latter part of the Seventeenth and the Eighteenth Century.
—
teenth century, (green 81.
i
and Bavarian branches,
6,
The republic of Poland The Western boundary
Silcsian war, (blue.)
8C.
Franco-
Peace of Westphalia; showing especially The possessions of the two branches of the house of Habsburg at the end of the Thirty Years' War, (purple.) The possessions of the house of Hohenzollern, (union of Prussia with Brandenburg, (blue.) The Swedish Empire on both shores of the Baltic and in Northern Germany, (red lines.) The Danish monarchy, Denmark. Norway, and Schonen. The British isles, with the battle-fields of the civil wars.
Europe in 1648.
tin- first
The Empire of the Empress-Queen Maria Theree d, The division of the house of Wittelsbach into the Pa
c,
Italian war.
XXXIII.
The Prussian monarchy under Frederick the Great, with the battle-fields of
The house
The dominions
Battle-fields of the Netherlands during the Seventeenth, Eighteenth, and Nineteenth Centuries. Boundaries of Russia, Poland, and Turkey in 1713.
81.
The
85.
Europe
in
1748.
— Peace
of Aix-la-Chapelle
;
XXXIX.
Battle-fields of
in 1816 showing the division of Europe as settled by the Congress of Vienna, illustrating also the Greek, Polish, French, and Belgian revolutions, and the battle-fields of the Franco-Au>trian war of 18o9. ;
of the of the
Crimean 'War in 1854-55. Danish War in 1864.
—
Peace of Prague; showing theD* and results of the Austro-Prussian war of L866 and the North German Confederacy. in 1866.
fields
showing
especially a, The house of Bourbon in the zenith of its power (red), with its division into the French, Spanish, and Italian branches, (red with black lines.)
The
XL.
98.
The German Confederacy from 1815
99.
Europe
in 1871.
citated
100.
till
1866.
— Peace of Versailles, showing the resus-
German Empire, United Italy, etc. of the late Franco-Prussian War.
The Theatre
ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX OF THE
PRINCIPAL NATIONS AND STATES. MAP
A. Acarnania. The Western district of Hellas Acheeans, The League of the) Achaia. The Northern district of Peloponnesus The Roman province of Achaia since 14b' B. c... The principality of Achaia since 1204 a. i> jEtolia. A district of Hellas, or Central Greece.. I
MAP 15 37
JEtolians, (The League of the) Africa. North-Eastern Africa and the Nile valley. During the Egyptian Ascendency Daring the Assyrian Ascendency N.E. Africa and the Seven Arms of the Nile During the times of the Four Great Powers
IS
40 62 15 37 1
3 5 7
9
11 Daring the Persian Ascendency 20 Daring the Hellenic Ascendency North-western Africa during the l'uuic wars. .28-31 At the close of the Panic wars 35 A century after the Tunic wars 86 40 During the first century A. I) 43 During the 2d, 3d, and 4th centuries a. r> 48 Since the division of the Empire in39oA.s 4'.i About 500 •..!'. (The Vandal Empire) 52 About 7011 \ ii. (The Arabic Vscendcncv ",) About BOO a. d About 950 a. d. The Morabites) 57 During the 12th century, (Age of the Crusades) 68 North-Western Africa about 1400 v d 67 )
i
IIHI a. ii North-Easiern Africa about North-Eastern Africa about L682a.d
68 69
Portuguese discoveries in the 15th and 16th cent. North-Western Africa about 1541 1. 1> North-Western Africa during the 18th century 82, N.W. Africa in Lhi 191 century 94, '.'7,
71
1
-
Alexandria, Plan of America, Discovery of) |
7^ 85 99 is
|
71
|
The Atlantic coael ti
Tin: Dull
of N.
d States in ol
the St,
America
177::
Lawrence
in 17th
century
72 78 7
1
About 500
Anglo-Saxons.
a.
p
About 507 A. v About 700 A. l) Abou: 800 a. I). (Under Egbert).... The British Islands during the Saxon Antiochia, (Christian Principality of, Aquitania, before Caesar's Conquest
40, 50
51
period.... in 1142)..
A Koman A part <»f
52 54 55 59 46
Province since 56 B. c 43, the Merovingian Emp. since 507 a. ii. One of the duchies of France about 1000 a. n.... The Empire of the Plantagenets in 1160 A. D.... A part of the French kingdom about 1400 A. D.. Arabia Petraea, with Mount Sinai
4(i
Arabic Empire.
Arabic Ascendency 700 A. d... The division of the Arabic Empire since 750 A. i>. The Eastern and Western Caliphates The Arabic Empire since 1258 A. n
52 54 58 69
[originally the Wettern part of the kingdom of Pampeluna "> Navarre.) An independent kingdom since 1035 A.D
6K
51
57 58 67 7
Aragon,
The Aragonese dominion about. 1400 a. i> Aragon united with Castile since 1517 a. d Arcadia. A District of the Peloponnesus
A
Argolis.
District
of the Peloponnesus
Armenia.
07 7s 1
,.
During the Egyptian Ascendency Assyrian Ascendency period of the Four Great Powers... Persian Ascendency Roman Ascendency fourth and fifth centuries A. n Inn in_' the Arabic Ascendency The kingdom of Armenia in 1 100 A. D 58, The kingdom of Armenia about 1204 A. D During During During During During
the the the the the
Ascendency.
Chaldssan Ascendency
EgJ ptian Ascendency Assyrian Ascendency Persian Ascendency Hellenic Ascendency
5
1".
3 5 11
43
48 52 5'.i
62 1
3
5 11
2u
MAP 40 52
Roman Ascendency Arabic Ascendency
Asia during
the Chaldaean Ascendency 1 3 During the Egyptian Ascendency the 5 During Assyrian Ascendency During the period of the Four Great Powers the Persian 11 During Ascendency Greek Colonies on the Western Coast of. 13 the Hellenic 20 During Ascendency 2d the and 1st B. c 37 During century 38 During the times of Mithradates the first 40 During century a. d 43 During the 2d, 3d, and 4th centuries a. i> Since the division of the Koman Empire in 395 48 About 500 a. D. (the Byzantine Empire) 49 52 During the Arabic Ascendency About 800 a.d. (the times of Haroun-al-Rashid) 54 68 During the Age of the Crusades During (he first part of the thirteenth century 62 About 1500 A. n. (the Ottoman Empire) 68 O'.i The Ottoman Empire in its greatest extent The Mongol Empires of Gengliis-Klian and Timur 70 8 Assyria during he Egyptian Ascendency 5 During the Assyrian Ascendency 9 During the period of the Four Great Powers 11 During tin" Persian Ascendency Athens nod the Bay of Salamis, (plan of) 18 (The duchy of.) in the thirteenth century 62a 15 Attica. The South Eastern District of Hellas. ... 51 Austrasia, since 567 a.d 54 Since 813 a. d Austria. A march against the incursions of Magyars, sinoe 988 a. d. (Under the Baben'.'
i
LI
bergers until 1246 a.d.) since 1166 A. D United with Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola Under the Habsburgers since 1J82 During the sixteenth century
A German duchy
57
GO 68 1.7
78
ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX. M
B. Babel
1
Babylon
3, 6, 9,
One of the four great powers Persian province province of the Empire of the Seleucidas Barbarians. After the division of the Empire... About 500 a. d About 700 a. d About 800 a. d About 962 a.d Bavaria. The duchy of Bavaria about 970 a. d. About 1170 a. d., (under the Guelphs) About 1270 a.d., (under the Wittelsbachs) During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. .67, The Bavarian circle The Electorate of Bavaria 80, 82, The Electorate of Bavaria united with the Rhen-
Babylonia.
A A
10 9 11
20 48 49 52 54 57 57 6
63 78 76 85
ish Palatinate, Juliers, and Berg 87 The kingdom of Bavaria since 1809 91 The kingdom of Bavaria since 1816 94,98 The kingdom of Bavaria since 1866 97 Bavaria as part of the German Empire 99 57 Belgium, (Flanders and Brabant,) since 962 Brabant and Flanders during the 12th century.. 60 Brabant and Flanders during the loth century.. 63 Flanders (since 1383) and Brabant (since 1406) 65 part of the Burgundian dominion A part of the Burgundian circle since 1512 76 Part of the Netherlands under Charles V 78 The Spanish Netherlands since 1576 a. d 80 ,,
Belgium, or the Austrian Netherlands
The
battle-fields of
82, 85
Belgium
Part of the kingdom of the Netherlands sincel816
MAP 97
\P
Since 1526 united with Bohemia and Hungaria. 78 Nt During the Thirty Years' War 82 Daring the first part of the 18th century 85 Since 1742 (Peace of Berlin) Austria's gain from the partitions of Poland. ..88-90 Austria during the reigu of Napoleon 91 The Austrian Empire since 1816 94 Austria's position in the German Confederacy.. 98 Austria since the peace of Prague, in 1860 97 Austria in 1871 99 62 Avars, (Empire of the)
83 94
The kingdom of Belgium since 1830
A
Baeotia.
Bohemia.
A
district of Hellas, or Central
A German duchy
Greece
since 962
16 57
kingdom since 1086 hereditary kingdom since 1212 The keystone of the possessions of the house of
58
iince 1310 part of the Ilabsburg possessions since 1526. During the Thirty Years' War 82, During the eighteenth century During the nineteenth century 91, 94, 97, and Bosporus Constantinople Bourbons. Possessions about 1550
67
vassal
An
Luxemburg
A
On On On
the French throne since 1589 the French and Spanish thrones since 1713.. the French, Spanish, and Sicilian (Naples and Sicily) thrones since 1748 Kings of the Island of Sicily since 1799 Restored to their thrones since 1815 The Bourbons in 1866 (on the Spanish throne). Brandenburg. A Margraviate since 930 a.d... A Margraviate under the Ascanier, since 1130.. An Electorate under the Ascanier, since 1260... The Electorate of Brandenburg since 1373 A. D., {Under the house of Luxemburg) The Electorate of Brandenburg since 1417 A. i>. (the rlohenzollerns), (united with Ans/nich) Brandenburg since 1648. ( The Electors are also, since 1619, dukes in Prussia) Brandenburg since 1713. (The Electors are also,
tories
1748.
(The
85 99 44
78 80 82 85 91
94 97 57
60 63 67 78
80
results of the vic-
of Frederick the Great)
Brandenburg after the partition of Poland.. Brandenburg since the peace of Tilsit in 1807... Brandenburg since 1816 British Empire. See England. Brunswick. See Guelph. Bulgarian Empire about 700 a. d About 950 A. D (a Byzantine province) During the twelfth century, (independent) Burgundy. The Burgundian Emp. in 500 a. i). 49, Burgundy a part of the Merovingian Empire... The Burgundian, or Arelatiau kingdom, 950 Burgundy a part of the German empire The Burgundian Palatinate about 1230 a.d ,
78 80
82
since 1701, kings in Prussia)
Brandenburg since
63
85 87 91
94
HAP
The kingdom, duchy, and county
of
Burgundy
during the thirteenth century
63
The duchy and county of Burgundy during ihe fourteenth and fifteenth centuries
I,
The Burgundian dominion of Charles the Bold.. The French provinces of Burgundy and Kranche Comte\ (county of Burgundy The Burgundian circle of Germany The duchy ami county of Burgundy about 1550 The county of Burgundy tranche Comie) 1648.. The absorption of Franclie Comte by France.... Byzantine Empire, or Greek Empire, in 395... About 500 a. d About 700 a.d. During the Arabic Ascendency About 800 a. d About 950 a. u About 1150 a. d. During the Crusades About 1204 a. d. The Latin Empire About 1400 a.d Since 1453 a. d. Conquered by the Turks 1
(
Since the division Caliphate of Cordova about 800 a. d Caliphate of Cordova about 950 a.d Caliphate of Cordova about 1150 a. d The Caliphate of Cordova about 1400 Canaan. See Holy Land.
a.
d
a. d
Carthage, (Plan of) On the eve of and during the first Punic war... At the end of the first Punic war On the eve of and during the second Punic war At the end of the second Punic war The Carthaginian territory after the Punic wars a. n Castile. A principality since United with Toledo since 1085 A.D The kingdom of Castile about 1400 The union of Castile and Aragon since 1517 A.D. Cleve. Inheritance in 1609
Constantinople and the Bosporus Corinth and the Isthmus A district of the Peloponnesus 67 Corinthia. 58 Corsica. A Carthaginian possession 60 A Roman possession since 259 e. c 51
7
65 75 7'i
78 80 82 48 49 *'!
64 67
68 62<j
68 19
c. Caledonia, or Scotland Caliphate. Before the division of 750
'.':!::
52 57 58 50
•
'
55 62 64 64 67 68 67 33
28 J
I
30 31 '
5
67 68 67 7^ 77 4
1
19 15 28
29
ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX. A part of the Roman province of Sardinia. .35, A Vandal province since 470 a. d
MAP
MAP
43 49 54
Tart of the patrimony of Emp. Frederick II 03 In the times of Charles the bold 65 A district of Germany about 1550 78 A province of France since 1648 75, 80, 82 90, 100 Reconquered by Germany in 1871 England, with Scotland and Ireland. Britannia under the Romans 43, 48 About 500 a. D 49, 50, 51 About 700 A. d 52 About 800 a. d 54 55 During the Saxon and Norman periods The possessions of the Plantagenets in 1100 58 The scene of the Anglo-Scotch struggle 56
36,
A Prankish province since 754 a. An Arabian possession since 850 a. n i>
A
A
possession of the German Empire since 1002 (m reality a possession of the town of Pita) possession of the Genoese since 1300 a. d. Thi Corsicans did not acknowledge the Genoese sovereignty before
A
57
58
07, etc.
1387)
possession of the French since 1708
91, etc.
D. Damascus, (Plan of the city of) Denmark. House of Swen Estritson
53
since 1042.. Under Margaretha, the last of the House of Swen Estritson, [union of Calmar between Den-
mark, Norway, and Sweden, 1397—1520)
87
Denmark united with Norway (since 1387) Denmark during the eighteenth century. ..82, Denmark 'luring the reign of Napoleon Denmark Bince 1816 Denmark during the war of 1804 Denmark since 1S04 Doris.
Dutch
58
80 85,
A small district of Hellas Republic. See Netherlands.
ST
91 '.14
90 97 15
E. Edessa, (Christian county of,) in 1142 v. n Egypt. The old Km]. in; of Egypt The new Emp. during the Egyptian Ascendency The new Emp. during the Assyrian Ascendency The Delia, with the seven arms of [he Nile Egypt one of the Pour Great Powers The Persian satrapy of Egypt since 525 n. c :•. M The Kg\|.nan Empire of the Ptolemies.. The Unman province of Egypt since 80 b. \ diocese of the Greek Empire since 895 a. i>... The Arabic province of Deshar Mesr 010 a. i>... The SyTO-Egyptian Empire of the Ayoubitee The Empire of the Mamelukes since 1251 a. i>.. < ; 1
A Turkish vassal-kingdom
since 1517
a.
Bonaparte 1 Egyptian expedition in 1799 Electorates. The seven Electorates The four Rhenish Electorates A i.<-i oi the Elis. Peloponnesus Elzass. Alsace.) A district oi German] i
1
1
n a. d...
59 1
3
5
During the Anglo-French struggles and the war of the Roses 64, the sixteenth century t he seventeenth century the eighteenth century the nineteenth century 91, 'J4. 07, (The Western division of N. Greece)... Eubcea, (Negrnpont.) A large island along the Eastern coast of Hellas, or Central Greece
During During During During Epirus.
The undivided Roman Empire The Eastern and Western Empire About 500 a. p. The Barbarian Empires About 700 A. D. The Arabic invasions The restoration of the Western Empire About 050 a. I). The Holy Roman Empire Ab.mt 1150 a. 11. The Crusades The formation of distinct nationalities The Babsburg preponderance
Europe.
1648 a. u. 1713 a. d. 1748 a. 11.
In In In In
I8011 a.
11.
48
In
1810a.
11.
48
In 1866 In 1871
7
9 11
20
"_'
*.
d!
a. n.
67 78
80 86 99 13
98
During
67 77
Since the divis
15 60
or Gaul. Before the the Roman dominion
Roman
Empire in 305 \. d The Merovingian Empires about 500 a. d The Empire of the Frank under Clovis The division of the Prankish Empire in 567 a. f
Germany.
64 65 07 75
37 43
of)
Under the Romans
Annul 500
58
About 700 a. n The Empire of Charlemagne and its division... The Empire of Otto the Great in 962 a. i> The German Empire during the 12th century... In 1170 (the Hohenstaufen and the Guelphs).., During the reign of Emperor Frederick II The Franco-German boundary about ISO 64, The German Empire with the seven Electorates
82
85 91 1
07
00
45
43, 46
48 49 50 d.
61
G. Galatia, (State
In ihe time of Clovis Alter the division in 507 A. D
78 80
the
58
1
5*2
07
Conquest..
57
about 1550a. n 78 France at the accession of Louis XIV 80 France at the end of the reign of Louis XIV 82 85 France in the middle of the 18th century The E. boundary of the French republic in 1705 87 The Empire of Napoleon 1. with its vassal States 91 04 France after the Congress of Vienna 07 The Empire of Napoleon 111 99 The French republic in ST 1 The Franco-Prussian campaign of 1870-71 100
5) 57
F. France,
The successive reunion of the Provinces France and the Bourbon possessions
54
15
48 40
Peace of Westphalia Peace of Utrecht Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle Peace of Scbonbrunn Congress of Vienna Peace ol Prague Peace of Versailles
MAP 52
during the Crusade against the Albigenses... France during the Anglo-French struggles France and Burgundy in the limes of Louis XI. France during the 15th century
40. 43
58
68 69
The Merovingian Empires about 700 A. n The Empire of Charlemagne and its division.... Francia, or the Duchy of France, about 950 The Kingdom of France during the 12th century The North-Eastern and Southern parts of France
61
A.
49 50
11
1
Germany divided into ten circles The four Rhenish Electorates with (Teve. Germany in the times of Charles V During the Thirty Years' War During the first half "I he sth century During the seoond half of the 18th century During the French revolution The Confederacy of the Rhine Since the Congress of Vienna The German Confederacy, 1815-1866 I
1
51 52
54 57
58 60 6
I
65 67 70 77 7* 80 82
85 s7 01
01
98
ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX. During and
after the Austro-Prussian German Empire in 1871
MAP 97
war
The Granada, (Mohammedan kingdom of.) about 1400 Greece, (Hellas.) During the settlement of the
99
Hellenes around and beyond the Archipelago Hellas and Peloponnesus
13 15
Greece as part of the Empire of Alexander Greece during the 2d and 1st century b. c The Roman province of Achaia since 146 B. c... Macedonia a diocese of the Greek Empire A Venetian province since 1250 A. u A province of the Byzantine Empire since 1440 The Turkish provinces of Livadia and Morea... The kingdom of Greece since 1829 a. n
20
07
87
43 48 67
68 69 94 Guelphs. About 1170. Guelphs and Ghibellines 60 63 About 1270. After the Lion's fall In 1714. On the English throne 82, 85 91 In 1810. During the reign of Napoleon 94 After the recovery of Hanover In 1816. After the absorption of Hanover In 1866. 97, 99
H. Habsburgs. The possessions in Switzerland About 1400. (Archdukes of Austria, etc.) About 1550. (In the zenith of their glory) During and after the Thirty Years' War After the extinction of the elder branch Hellas.
66 H7
78 SO 82
See Greece.
Hohenzollern. Constants,
(A
territory north of the the sources of the
and near
Lake of Neckar
and Danube.) The original seat of the race. .97, 98 Margraves of Culmbach (Anspach-Baireuth and 78 Burgravea of Nuremberg since 1170 a. d )
Margraves of Brandenburg since 1417 A. Dukes in Prussia since 1525 a. r> Margraves of Brandenburg and dukes
l)
in Prus-
since 1619 Margraves of Brandenburg and kings in Prussia since 1701 82, 85, 91, Kings of Prussia since 1807 Presidents of the North-German Confederacy... Emperors of Germany since 1871 sia
7S
78
80 87 94 97 99
Holland. See Netherlands. Holy Land, or Canaan. During the Chaldajan Ascendency During the Egyptian Ascendency
1
3
xui
MAP
5,7 During the Assyrian Ascendency The Empire of David and Solomon The kingdoms of Israel and Judah 11 During the Persian Ascendency 20 During the Hellenic Ascendency 40 During the Roman Ascendency 49 A part of the Greek Empire since 395 a. u 52 During the Arabic Ascendency 58 During the age of the Crusades The Christian States in the East about 1142 a.i>. 59 Remains of the kingdom of Jerusalem in 1204.. 626 68 Part of the Empire of the Mamelukes Part of the Ottoman Empire since 1517 a. d 69 (or Hungaria.) Since the 10th century During the 12th century (the house of Arpad).. Since 1382 (the house of Luxemburg) Partly under the Turks, partly under the Habs-
Hungary,
burgers
The kingdom
of
Hungary
in
1648
57
During the second half of the 18tL century During the times of Napoleon Proud Italians hailed Napoleon as an Imperator
whom Gallic legions hud ratted upon The battle-fields of Northern Italy,
ti<
1794-1SOO...
Since the Congress of Vienna The kingdom of Italy in 1866 The kingdom of Italy in 1871
'1 ''
99
J.
Jerusalem, (Plan (Kingdom of in (Kingdom of) in Judah, (tribe and )
8
of)
1142 a. i> 1204 a. d
624
kingdom of )
7
58
L.
67
Laconica. A district of the Peloponnesus Latium, during the royal period 80 Leon, (Kingdom of.) About 800 a. d
15 -' 54 57
About 950 a. d About 1150 a. d Israel, (Kingdom of) 22. 23, Italy. During the regal period In the 8th century B. c In the 7th and 6th centuries b. c ......9, The Greek colonies in Southern Italy In the 4th century B. c 25, 20, During the Samnite wars 28, 29, 30, During the Punic wars At the close of the Punic wars A century after the Punic wars During the 1st century A. i> During the Empire, (divided into districts) Since the division of the Empire in 395 a. d About 500 a. d. (The Ostro-Gothic Empire).... ,
About 700 A. D. (The Longobardian Empire).. About 800 a. d. (The times of Charlemagne)... About 962 A. D. (The times of Otto the Great.. About 1130 a. D. (The age of the Crusades)... About 1230 a. r>. (The times of Frederick II.) During the Angevin (French) influence During the 16th century The battle-fields of the Franco-Italian wars
During the 17th century. (Spanish influence). Lombardy during the 17th century During the first half of the 18th century
MAP 85 91
58 '
United with the kingdom of Castile' since 1037.. Locris, two districts of the Peloponnesus Longobardian Empire. About 700 a. r> Lorraine, (Lotharii regnum Lotharingia.
=
One
A
I
15 52
)
of the three divisions of the (former) pire of Charlemagne since 843 duchy of the Roman Empire since 962
Em54 57
(called Brabant) and Upper 60 Lorraine (called Lorraine) since 1190 ' Lorraine (i. e., Upper Lorraine) about 1470 Lorraine under the house of Anjou 7~ The German duchy of Lorraine about 1550 80 The German duchy of Lorraine about 1648 75 Lorraine a French province since 1738 The Eastern part of Lorraine in 1871 99, 100 Luxemburg. (Situated exactly to the North of Lorraine, between the Meutt and Moselle.)
Lower Lorraine
i
The home
of the Luxemburg Emperors (marked North of Lorraine) part of the Burguudian dominion since 1483 a. D., and hence a portion of the Spanish and blue
A
(since
A
67
65
1713) Austrian Netherlands
grand-duchy, governed by the king of Holland since 1846.
Lydia. one
of the
Four Great Powers about
94 600..
9
ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX.
XIV
HAP
M.
The
A country
Macedonia.
of Northern Greece, occupying t lie const, etc., around the NAY. corner of the JEgean Sea The kingdom of Macedonia about 323 B. c The kingdom of Macedonia since 300 b. c The Honian province of Macedonia since 148 B.C. Macedonia a diocese of tin- Bastern Kmpire Media, one of the Four Great Powers about 600
Merovingian Empire about 500 About 700
Messene,
a.
A.
D
t
lie
43 Is 9
49 62 15
1.
a district of
13 _n 37
Peloponnesus
(or tin- Milanese.) The Duchy of. About 14(i0 a. f. (Under the Visconti) About 1550. (Under the Spanish Habsburgs)... During and after the Thirty Fears' War S2. During the 18th century
Milan,
67 78 80 85
Netherlands A part of the Kmpire of Napoleon A kingdom since 1816. (Holland and Belgium). Neustria. The North-western part of the Prankish Kmpire since 567 a. n The Western part of the Kmpire of Charlemagne battle-fields of the
The country, since 912. called Normandy From source to mouth Nile. The Delta, with the seven mouths of the
Nineveh,
(I'lan of the
ingdom
The The The The
kingdom kingdom kingdom kingdom f, _:
i
.
.
ii
i
during the 1-th century. of Sicily aboul 1230 of Naples aboul 100 of .ul 1560 of Naples since 1718 i,i the Two Sicilies since 1748 of Naples in 1810 Mur.it "t Sicily
1
'
The kingdom The kingdom of the 80 Navarre, a Christian kingdom of Spain since 842 |
(
-
..
'I
a. D., [originally called
Pampeluna) Navarre during the 12th century The kingdom of Navarre aboul 100 a. d 1512 a. t>. mi ted with Castile (the i/rcutrr <.r Southern the mailer or Northern part part came t>, Prance) 1
68 6'!
67
78 82
85 91
94
57
68 67
—
re the
Netherlands. lloll.i duchy ol Lower
patrimony of Henry IV I
I
A
part of the A part of the
rman
r
t
i>
Burgundian dominion Burgundian circle ol Germany. ...
.
The Netherlands during the 16th century l
;•
Dutch republic since
8u
157'.'
The Dutch republic during
the 18th century
... E
54
Nile...
)
4 5
During the 1 2th century United with Denmark since lo s 7
58 80
Norway and Denmark in the 18th century United with Sweden since 1815
87 '.'7
Morea, a province of the Venetian republic since 1250 a. d The principal part of the Byzantine Empire since 1410 a. d A province of the Ottoman Empire since 1460... Part of the kingdom of Greece since 1829 a. d..
Pergamus, (Kingdom of) Persia, or Persis. An Assyrian province 700 A Median province about 600 B. c
67
68 69 94 37 5 9
The Persian Ascendency about 500 B. c 11 A province of the Empire of the Seleucidoe. 300 20 The Parthian or Persian Empire since 255 B. c. 40 48, 49 During the 3d, 4th. and 5th centuries a. i> Fars, or Persia, since 636 a. b semi-dependent part of the Empire of the Caliphs (since 901 under the Soffarides) A province of the Mongol Empire since 1370 Phocis, a district of the Peloponnesus Poland. The Christian duchy of Poland since 963 under the Piasts) The kingdom of Poland during the 12th century During the 14th and 15th centuries (under the
52
A
o. Ostrogothic Empire under Theodoric
49
P. Palestina. See Hor.Y Land. Palatinate, (Rhenish.) In the 17th century. ..77. 80 In the 18th century, (with Juliers and Berg)„82, 85 ("nited with
Bavaria
87
Dpper. That part of Bavaria winch Dorth of the Danube Pampeluna. A Christian kingdom in Northern Spain since the beginning of the 10th century 109 a. n i' was called Navarre) [Sim Papal States, (755-1870.) Patrimonium Petri ill the middle of the 10th century
Palatinate,
)
i
is
1
During the 14th and 15th centurit a The I'apal States during tin* 16th century
The Papal State, during tin' 17th century The Papal States during 'le 1Mb century The I'apal Stale- Bince I81H The Patrimoni Petri I860- l^T'i, Parthia.
See Pibsi
Peloponnesus,
82
57
67
78 80 -
Dorian
i
in
I
i
of an
elected king (since 1573) 78 "i of Poland and Lithuania 1569 (Since 1386 Poland and Lithuania had been governedby //" eanu aovtrt ion, but as distinct count In the middle of the 18th century 85 The three partitions of Poland..." 88, 89, u The grand-duchy of Warsaw 91
The republics
1
The kingdom ot Poland (under Russia The Russian government of Poland (since 1863) '.'9 Pontus, (Kingdom of) 37, 68 Prussia. The home of the heathen Servians, Letts, and Goths before 1280 a. D...57, 58 of the Teutonic Order since 1230 l.D, 67
:>l
Wends,
The country
and
'.'7
I
A The
57 58 67
Jagellos)
The Polish republic under the presidency
97
v.
(Morea.)
54 70 15
!
57
settlements in the Peloponnesns 13 The seven divisions of the Peloponnesus 15 Dunns the times of the Ichsaan Confederacy... .17 16 n. c... The Roman province of Ichaia -it 43 'I'ln- Bastern diocese of Macedonia Bince 896 a. i> 48 The pi sal state of the ipalitl Latin Empire) since [204 a. d 62a i,
57 65 76 7*
51
1
,
78 75
94
55
Norway.
N. Naples. (Sicily, or the Two Sioil A province of the Ostro-Gothic Kmpire (500)... 49 A province of the Longobardian Empire (700).. 52 A province of the Byzantine Empire (800) 54, 57
Ruins of
MAP 83 91
of Poland ruled by the younger Hohenzollern since 1526 \. d... A vassal duchy nf Poland ruled by the Elector of Brandenburg since 1618 a. n. elder
vassal
branch
duchy
of the
78
(The
branch of
the
Hohenzollernt, and, as such,
leijal
80 younger line) A sovereign kingdom, ruled by the Elector of 82, B5 Brandenburg -nice 1701 a d Prussia after the partition of Polaud 87 linrs t" the
ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX. MAP
The The The The
Prussian Prussian Prussian Prussian
monarchy since 1807 monarchy since 1816 monarchy since 1866 monarchy since 1871
Pyramids, (The
91
94 '.'7
99 2
Fit-Id of the)
vicinity of Rome. (Ager Romanus). Beginnings of Rome about 750 b. c Beginnings of Rome about 550 B. c The consolidated dominion of Rome during the Hellenic Ascendency about 300 b. c Home during the First Punic war Rome at the end of the First Punic war Rome during the Second Punic war Rome at lie end of the Second Punic war The Roman dominion at the close of the Punic wars The Roman dominion a century after the close of the Punic wars The Eastern part of the Roman dominion during the two centuries preceding the birth of Christ t
The Roman Ascendency The Roman Empire until 395 a. d Division and subdivision of the Roman Empire. 41
Russia under Valadimer the Great, about 980 a.d. The grand-duchy of Valadimer under the descendants of his twelve sons The conquest of Russia by the Golden Horde... Russia during the 17th century Russia towards the end of the 18th century The acquisitions of Russia by the partitions of Poland 88, 89, Rus-ia during the times of Napoleon Russia since 1816 94, 97,
s. Sardinia, a Carthaginian possession
A Roman A Vandal
21 5 1
1
20 28 29
30 31
78
part of the Sardinian kingdom since 1748.... of Sardinia since 1798 a. d A part of the Sardinian kingdom since 1810.... A put of the kingdom of Italy since 1860 97, Savoy. The duchy of Savoy about 1400 a. d The duchy of Savoy with Piedmont about 1550 The duchy of Savoy with Piedmont about 1648 Savoy with Piedmont and Sicily since 1713 Savoy with Piedmont and Sardinia since 1748.. The kingdom of Sardinia since 1798 The kingdom of Sardinia since 1816 The kingdom of Italy in 1866
85 91
94
99 67
78 80 82 85 91
94
The kingdom
97 99
36
Settlements of the Saxons about 700
49 50 52
37 40 43 48
The duchy of Saxony in 960. The Billungs The duchy of Saxony in 1170. The Guelphs... The Electorate of Saxony in 1422. The Wettius The Upper and Lower Saxon circles Saxony since 1547. The Wettins (younger branch) Saxony since 1697. (The Electors also kings of
57 60 67 76
57
Poland) The Electorate of Saxony since 1763
85
58 70
The kingdom
Sir
The kingdom of Saxony since 1816 Saxony since 1866 Saxony in 1S71 (part of the German Empire).
35
4.'
87
90 91
99
20, 28
province (with Corsica) since 237 B.C. province since 468 a. 11 A Byzantine possession about 800 A. ti An Arabian possession since 853 a. d A possession of the German Empire since 1022 (In reality, a possession of the town of 1'isa)....
M*P 63 07
82
1713
A
Rome. The
(Plan of)
A A A
of Sardinia since 1104 a. d part of the Aragonese monarchy since 1324 part of the Empire of Charles V. since 1516 part of the Empire of the Habsburgs since
The kingdom
R.
Rome,
The kingdom
3(1 4'.l ."il
57
58
of Italy in 1871 Saxony. Settlements of the Saxons about 500 Tin* Saxons during the reign of Clovis
of
Saxony since 1807.
a.
d
."82,
80
87
(The king
of Saxony also duke of Warsaw)
91
94 97
99 55
Scotia, or Ireland 20 Seleucidse, (Empire of) Servia. Since 638 a. d. A principality semi-de54 pendent on the Byzantine Empire 57 Since 1018 a. d. A Byzantine province Since 1195 a.d. An independent kingdom. ..58, 62a Since 1389 a. d. A principality semi-dependent on the Ottoman Empire 67, 68 69 Since 1459 a. n. An Ottoman province Since 1817 a.d. An hereditary principality semi97, 99 dependent on the Ottoman Empire 5 Sicily. Colouizedby the Phoenicians in the West
HAP
Colonized by the Greeks in the East During the first Punic war A Roman province since 240 B. c After the destruction of the Roman Empire First Arabic conquest since 664 a. d A Byzantine province until 880 a. d
9.
1
:
2* 30, etc.
A
province of the Western Caliphate since 965 United with Apulia forming the Norman king-
49 52 54 54
dom
of Sicily since 1 130 a. i> 68 of the Hohenstaufen since 1191... A province of Aragonese monarchy since 1282 57, A possession of the Sp. Babsburgs since L516 78 A possession of the house of Savoy since 1713... 82 United with Naples forming the Bourbon kingdom of the Two Sicilies since 1816 91 The Bourbon kingdom of Sicily since 1798 United with Naples forming the Bourbon king91 dom of the Two Sicilies A province of the kingdom of Italy since 1 86(1... 9 7. 99 Spanish Peninsula. During the Punic wars...28-30 After the Punic wars 31, 3.j, 36 During the 1st century a. d 43 During the 2d, 3d, and 4th centuries a. d 4s Since the division of the Empire in 395 a. d
The kingdom
>.
I
The Visi-Gothic Empire about 500 a. d The Arabic conquest since 713 a. d The Caliphate of Cordova about 800 a. d The rise of the Christian kingdoms (950) During the Age of the Crusades About 1400 a.d., (before the union of Aragon
I
49 -
G
I
57 58 67
and Castile) of the Spaniards and Portuguese in the 15th and 16th centuries During the reign of Emperor Charles V During the 17th century During the reign of Philip V., (the first of the
The discoveries
Spanish Bourbons) During the times of Napoleon Spain after the Congress of Vienna Spain and Portugal in 1866 Spain and Portugal in I81 1 Sparta and its neighborhood, (Plan of) Susa, (Plan of the Ruins of)
in the zenith of its glorv)
7~ '
'
85 91 '-'I
97 '•'
''
16 12
58
Sweden.
During the 12th century Since the peace of Westphalia in 1648,
71
Sweden 80
ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX.
XVI
MAP
MAP
Since the pence of Nystadt in 1721, (the loss of the Baltic provinces) Since the Congress of Vienna in 1815, (united with Norway.) (Finland had been conquered by Russia in 1809) Switzerland. Central Switzerland the scene of the Swiss struggle against Habsburg Western Switzerland the scene of the Swiss
Turkey, (Ottoman Empire.) 87
97
GO
67 struggle against Burgundy Switzerland during the 16th century (a part of 78 the German Empire) Tin- independent republic of Switzerland (with 80 Wallis and Valtellinaj since 1648 The independent republic of Switzerland dur91-99 ing the 19th century 34 Syracuse, (l'lan of the city and harbors of J
T. of the city and harbor of) the ruins of Egyptian) Plan 01 the Greek town of) Thessaly, (The S.E. division of N. Greece)
27 3 la
(
I
18
Thrace, (To the north
Troy,
I
The Field of)
13 n. c.
11
43 59
H
62
68 69 78
85 91
94 97
99
u. in
73
1783
V. Valtellina. From 1512 till part of Switzerland (the upper valley of
1797 the South-eastern the
Vandal Empire.
About 500
a.
d
Venice. The Venetian dominion about 1400 (
The Morea, although
in reality
Venetian,
a.
i>.
67
Venetian Venetian Venetian Venetian
dominion about 1515 A. D dominion about 1550 a. d dom during the 17th century. ..80, dom. during the 18lh century ...82,
of.)
Elder or Ernestine branch. Electors of Saxony since 1422
67
Dukes
of Saxony since 1547. Younger or Albertine branch. Electors of Saxony since 1547 Electors of Saxony and kings in Poland since
80
82, 85
1697
Electors of Saxony since 1763 Kings of Saxony and Dukes of Warsaw since 1807 Kings of Saxony since 1815 Prussian vassal-kings since 1866 97, Wittelsbach, (The House of ) Dukes of Bavaria since 1180 Dukesof Bavaria and Count-Palatines since 1215 Dukes of Bavaria and Elector-Palatines since
87 91 94
99 63
63 07 67
The elderbranchEleetor-Palatines(1294-1799) 77, 82 The younger branch Dukes of Bavaria since 1294
78,82
The younger branch Electors
was
generally considered a province of the Byzantine This is indicated by giving it the same Empire. color as Venice on Map 67, but green on Map 68.)
The The The The
Wettin, (The House
1270
80 49
Adda)
Tarentum, (Plan Thebes, l'lan of
of the .Egean Sea) A satrapy of the Persian Empire since 60S A Roman province since 47 a. i> Tripolis. (Christian kingdom of, in 1162)
pire of Iconium in the 13th century Ottoman Empire in the 15th century 0. Empire in its greatest extent in 1682 N.W. boundary of the Empire about 1550... N.W. boundary of the Empire about 1748.. N.W. boundary of the Empire about 1795.... Turkish Empire in Europe since 1829 Turkish Empire in Europe since 1866 Turkish Empire in Europe since 1870
The The The The The The The The
United States,
MAP
w.
The Turkish Em-
of Bavaria (162380,
1777)
Union of
all
the Wittelsbach territories in
Under Max Josef representing
82
179'.l
branch)
87
81
Kings of Bavaria since 1805 Kings of Bavaria and the Palatinate since 1*16 Kings of Bavaria and the Palatinate since 1866
85
Prussian vassal-kings since 1871
91 94 97 99
(
79 78
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