A COMPENDIOUS GRAMMAR OF THE
EGYPTIAN LANGUAGE.
Ouicquid praecipies cslo brcvis: ut cilo dicta Pcrcipiant animi doei...
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A COMPENDIOUS GRAMMAR OF THE
EGYPTIAN LANGUAGE.
Ouicquid praecipies cslo brcvis: ut cilo dicta Pcrcipiant animi doeiles, teneanlque fidclcs.
DC
Art. Poet. III. 55.
A COMPENDIOUS GRAMMAR OF THE
EGYPTIAN LANGUAGE AS CONTAINED
COPTIC, SAHIDIC,
IN
THE
AND BASHMTJEIC DIALECTS;
TOGETHER WITH ALPHABETS AND
NUMERALS IN THE
HIEROGLYPHIC AND ENCHORIAL CHARACTERS.
BY THE
REV.
HENRY TATTAM. Bettor of
$
LL.
D.,
D. D., F. R.
tonforfc Starrs.
SECOND EDITION REVISED AND IMPROVED
WILLIAMS & NORGATE: 14,
HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, AND 20,
SOUTH FREDERICK STREET, EDINBURGH.
1863.
S.
PRINTED BY FR. NIES (CARL
B.
LORCK) IN LEIPZIG.
TO
JOHN LEE LL. D., F. R.
IN
S.,
P. A.
S.,
&. &.
GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE OF
THE MANY FACILITIES AFFORDED IN
THE PROSECUTION OF
HIS EGYPTIAN STUDIES THIS
VOLUME
IS
RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED
BY THE AUTHOR.
2047513
PREFACE. Egyptian
Literature
particular attention.
the
of
that has
late
years
come down
attracted to us of
Language and Literature of ancient Egypt
is
con-
Sahidic,
and Bashmuric Dialects;
in the Enchorial, Hieratic,
and Hieroglyphic Inscrip-
tained in
and
All
has
tions,
the Coptic,
and Manuscripts.
Without attempting to trace the origin of the Egyptian v
Language, we may just remark that the learned
Rossius in his "Etymologise J^gyptiacre," has shown the affinity of
a number of Coptic and Sahidic words to the
Oriental Languages; it
which
must be admitted, does *) In Rawlinson's
affinity
exist,*)
Herodotus are
Egyptian Language might, from
to a certain extent,
its
jfche
following observations. "The
grammar, appear
to claim a Semitic
origin, but it is not really one of that family, like the Arabic,
Hebrew,
PREFACE.
VIII
Nor need we be sider
the
intercourse
surprised of
the
at this,
when we con-
Jews, Syrians, Persians,
Chaldeans, and Arabians with the Egyptians: ther these words were originally Egyptian,
they were adopted from other languages, for
us to
but wheor whether
it is
impossible
M. Klaproth, a Gentleman
determine.
well
acquainted with Asiatic Languages, has also pointed out the
resemblance of a considerable number of Egyptian
and others; nor
is it
one of the Sanscrit family, though
primitive affinity to the Sanscrit in certain points;
accounted for by the Egyptians being an
offset
and
it
this
shows a has been
from the early "undi-
a conclusion consistent with the fact of their vided Asiatic stock;" " much less developed than the Semitic and Sanscrit, language being
and yet admitting the principle of those inflictions and radical formawhich we find developed, sometimes in one, sometimes in the other*
tions
of those great families.
"
Besides certain affinities with the Sanscrit,
has others with the Celtic, and the languages of Africa; and Dr. Ch. Meyer thinks that Celtic "in all its non-Semitic features most
it
strikingly corresponds with the old Egyptian." of
M.
It is also the opinion
Egyptian bears an affinity both to the Arian and from its having been an offset of the original Asiatic
Miiller that the
Semitic dialects
,
tongue, which was their common parent before the Turanian, Arian and Semitic.
this
was broken up
into
In its grammatical construction, Egyptian has the greatest resemblance to the Semitic and if it has less of this character than the ;
Hebrew, and other purely Semitic dialects, this is explained by the latter having been developed after the separation of the original tongue into the Arian and Semitic, and by the Egyptian having retained a There is, however, a possibility that the have a been Egyptian may compound language formed from two or more after the first migration of the race and foreign elements may portion of both elements.
,
,
have been then added to
it,
as in the case of
Rawlinson's Herodotus vol.
II. p.
279.
some other languages.
PEEFACE. words
to
some of the
dialects of the north of Asia,
the north of Europe:
this
raised a doubt in his
mind
The
Egyptians.
fact
is,
it
is
in
and
appears to have
discovery
of the African origin of the
the remains
we
possess of the
when separated from
Egyptian Language, with which
IX
the
Greek,
some measure mixed up, have no near
resemblance to any one of the ancient or modern languages.*
The importance the Antiquary
,
of the Ancient Egyptian
once appear, when
will at
the knowledge of
is
it
we
Language
to
consider that
necessary before the inscriptions
on the Monuments of Egypt can be properly understood,
and the Enchorial and Hieratic Manuscripts can be
fully
deciphered.
Nor
is
it
of less
importance to the Biblical Stu-
The Egyptian Versions are supposed
dent,
made about * Dr.
the second century;**
Murray says, "The Coptic
is
and
if
to
have been
they were not
an original tongue, for
it
de-
words and particles from radicals pertaining Its verbs are derived from its own resources. There is no
rives all its indeclinable to itself.
mixture of any foreign language in Bruce 's Travels, vol. II. p. 473. ** Zosimus
as quoted
except Greek."
composition,
by Fabricius, says, that the
old
Testament
Egyptian, when the Septuagint Translation was "Biblia tune non in Graecam tantum, sed etiam Aegyptiis in
was translated made.
,
its
into
vernaculam linguam fuisse translata." p. 196. The Talmudists say " It is lawful for the Copts to read the Law in Coptic." Tychsensiiis. See also Buxtorf's Talmudic Lex. p. 1571. ,
Also. "It
is
permitted to write the
Law
in Egyptian."
Pabyl. Talmud,
PREFACE.
X the
they
first,
certainly
were
the
among
most early
Translations of the Scriptures into the Languages of the
East:
and perhaps the Egyptian
New
Testament
is
of
equal or even of greater authority than any of the an-
The Coptic or Memphitic, and
cient Versions.
hidic or Thebaic, are distinct versions.
the Sa-
The Translations
of the old Testament, as will be readily supposed, were
made from
the
Scriptures.
These versions
Septuagint, and not from the will
be found of great use
in assisting to determine the reading of
of the Septuagint,
expressions.
and
We may
in
also
fixing
many passages
the meaning of
9.
Jeremiah in these versions:
it
ent from the parallel passage in Zachariah XI,
and agrees with the quotation
New
many
observe that the quotation
from Jeremy the Prophet, Matthew XXVII, in fragments of
Hebrew
in St.
is is
found differ-
12, 13.
Matthew. The Sahidic
Testament contains many important readings, and
merits the closest attention of the Scholar and Divine.
The terms Coptic and Sahidic were adopted the
first
edition of the
grammar, instead of
and Thebaic,
lest confusion
Seder Mcd. SchuL
f.
tence of the
Law
115.
in
Memphitic
should be created; as the
These expressions seem
to
imply the exis-
in Coptic.
For the arguments in support of the Translation of the New Testament into Egyptian in the second century, see Wilkinson 's Introduction to the Coptic New Testament, and The Introduction to the Sahidic Fragments.
PREFACE. former terms
are used in
those
XI
Egyptian Publications
which have issued from the Oxford University Press.
The Author
defects
trusts
and mistakes of the former edition the
have been corrected in
endeavoured to render
this
edition
Stanford Rivers Rectory.
I,
1862.
and he has
worthy of the con-
fidence and patronage of the Students terature.
this,
of Egyptian Li-
Observations on the
Hieroglyphic
and Enchorial Alphabets,
with a few remarks relative to their use.
The glory
of
but enough of
its
Monuments to
excite
Egypt has long
learning remains in the Sculptured
of Ancient Egypt,
the
since passed away,
most intense
and
in
existing Papyri
These stores had
interest.
who had
long engaged the attention of the Learned vain endeavoured to decipher them
till
our indefatigable
and learned countryman Dr. Young, and a in point of time
M. Champollion, turned
to the subject with considerable success.
in
little
later
their energies
And
since their
day the subject has not been permitted to slumber, for other learned fore the world
men have all
entered the
that these
field,
and put be-
monuments have preserved,
which had been hid from the researches of the wise for so
many
ages.
XIV
Observations on the Hieroglyphic and Enchorial Alphabets.
In the year 1814 Dr. Young commenced a laborious examination
of the
triple
which
This stone,
setta Stone.
Inscription
discovered by the French
at
is
much
Rosetta,
on the Ro-
was
mutilated,
and was shortly
The Inscription
afterwards brought to this country.
is
written in Greek, in Hieroglyphic, and in the Enchorial
(ey/wp/a)* or native character. Dr. the investigation after the
Young entered upon
Baron De Sacy and Mr. Aker-
blad had given up the attempt.
By
writing the Greek
above the Enchorial, which reads from right to
left,
and
comparing one part with another, Dr. Young succeeded in deciphering
it,
being aided by the words King, Coun-
try, and, &c.
which had been discovered. Dr. Young next
turned
attention
his
to
the
which was much mutilated: the
of the
aid
factorily
two
other
ascertained the
Hieroglyphic this
he also deciphered by
Inscriptions.
name
Inscription,
Having
of Ptolemy,
satis-
which was
enclosed in a ring or oval, he justly conceived that the characters composing the
name might be used otherwise
than symbolically; he therefore proceeded to apply these characters Phonetically, or Alphabetically, as well as those
contained in the tained,
name
of Berenice,
which he had ascer-
which was found with that of Ptolemy
at
Karnak:
and by the aid of these characters he succeeded
This word
is
in de-
used in the Rosetta inscription and elsewhere.
.Observations on the Hieroglyphic and Enchorial Alphabets.
a communication from Dr. discovered
names
the
Temple and Obelisk the
who had
Mr. Banks,
ciphering other groups.
Young while he was
of
Ptolemy
XV
received in
Egypt,
and Cleopatra on a
which corresponded with
at Philse,
Greek dedicatory Inscriptions found upon the build-
ings, thus confirming Dr.
The
in
letters
Young's discoveries.
names being thus ascertained
these
and established, the system was taken up and extended
by M. Champollion, and afterwards by Mr. Salt, our then consul general in Egypt.
Since then,
many
emi-
nent individuals, too numerous to name, have successfully
pursued
branch of the Literature of Ancient
this
Egypt, and the world
From and
is
in
possession of their labours.
the researches of Dr. Young,
M. Champollion,
others, the
accompanying Alphabets are constructed.
The names
of Kings, and of other distinguished in-
dividuals, are generally enclosed in ovals.
The characters are sometimes read from left,
and
at
downwards; always
right to
others from left to right, or from the top
nor
is
the
order in placing the characters
strictly observed, for in
not conveniently be done. that the characters
are
We
many
instances
however
it
could
state as a rule
always read from the side to-
wards which the animals look.
The gender in Coptic
;
of nouns
the Hieroglyph
is
expressed by Articles as or
[""),
corresponding with
XVI TT
Observations on the Hieroglyphic and Enchorial Alphabets.
or
masculine singular, and ~. with T,
<J>,
the names
in
as
in Coptic,
fern,
of Cleopatra,
The character
and Berenice.
q in the Rosetta Inscription.
or
^
sing,
Arsinoe,
.__/" has the power of If
we may be allowed
to
reason from analogy I should be induced to say that the plural
formed by A~W\
is
Coptic, or
III,
agreeing with
by these characters doubled
NFN, or
Jf ,
^
or
NI,
The
Coptic.
and the dual by
plural
;
as
formed by
in the Rosetta Inscription.
II,
also inclined to think that the genitive
is
or
,
also
is
w
I
am
formed by A/WW,
and the Prefixes, Pronouns, &c. by the grouping of
se-
^X\AAA
veral of the Phonetic characters: as
~~>,
Nq, or
NAq
.
;
NC, or
NK, or NAK,
m*
NAC
&c.
The Alphabetic or Phonetic,* was one of the * Clemens Alexandrinus
,
who
flourished about the second century
mention with correctness the kinds of writing used by supposed the Egyptians. His words are these to
is
:
u4vTixa oi
^4tyv7inoig nKidevoftevoi, nptnrov fiev nav-
TIV.Q
TCOV TG)V dtyVTtTHOV
y()CffjifjLCCTCi)V
/Uf&ofiov fXjUUVli'CtVOVffl, T1]V
671 1-
ryv lepctTixyv, i] zg VGTKTIJV de xai refavTctiKv ri]v Siu TCOV TtpooTCov aTOi^eicov XVQIO)*O-
OTol.oyQKcpmrjv xcf^ovfjLevrjv dtVTEQCtv Se, rcft
ol isQoyQafifiUTeiq' txiiv, /)
xcfTC(
^g
i/
[iev
tan
e ffVpftoJUxi]
fjiifirjaiv
xara xvxkov
Ti]$ Se ffVfifioliaciJs
?}
fiev
coaneo TQomxojq yQctcperai,
S'
y
'
yhov yow
rtvceg aivtyfiovq-
noiovffi
oeh]vi]v
Se
ff/fjfia
xvptokoyeirat i]
Se avrixpvc;
yQUifjai jjov^o-
fjirjvoeiSeq ,
XV.TK TO
XKT O e^ctMctTTOVTeg, TU de
xvQio).oyovfievov eidog' Toonixcag SE ,
ra
8'
%V.QUTTOVGIV. ,,Jam
A*ero
Strom.
1.
4. c. 4.
qui docenturabAegyptiis,
primum quidem discunt Aegy-
Observations on the Hieroglyphic and Enchorial Alphabets.
modes of Hieroglyphic
but
writing;
Egyptians had another called
besides
Symbolic, which
One kind
divided into various kinds.
this is
XVII the
sub-
of Symbolic writ-
ing was by direct imitation, or pictorial representations of the things intended to be expressed; as a bullock or
a ram was represented by a figure of the animal; and a
bow and arrow by
Another
a graphic imitation of them.
kind of Symbolic writing was the Tropical or Figurative that
is
by metaphors and
similitudes.
The
;
third kind of
For
Symbolic writing was called Enigmatical.
instance,
ptiarum litterarum viam ac rationem quae vocaturEpistolographica: secundo autem hieraticam, qua utuntur Hierogrammates ultimam autem :
Hieroglyphicam
cujus una quidem species est per prima elementa,
:
Symbolicae autem una qui-
Cyriologica dicta: altera vero Symbolica.
dem
proprie loquitur per imitationem: alia vero scribitur velut Tropice:
alia vero fere significat per
volunt scribere,
nuum formam loquitur.
quaedam Aenigmata. Qui solem itaque lunam autem figuram lunae, cor-
faciunt circulum:
prae se ferentem, convenienter
ei
formae quae proprie
Tropice autem per convenientiam traducentes
et transferentes,
alia vero multis figuris
et alia
quidem immutantes, imprimunt." Porphyry has communicated much the same information on the
subject.
Ev AiyunTM
rotq isQevat avvriv 6 iruftceyopctg, xai rqv
fifv
xat
rrjv
AryvjiTKov (pcovqv yoaju/uctTOv
TOJV [iev xotvohoyov/Lifvcav XCCTU
XKTU nvaq
(jti/uijffiv,
TWV 3s
aivr/fiovq.
De ,,In didicit,
<5
Aegypto cum
sacerdotibus vixit
ac linguam Aegyptiorum
lographicas, Hieroglyphic as
,
et
:
Vit.
Pythag. Oil, 12. Pythagoras, et sapientiam
literarum autem tria genera, Episto-
Symbolicas, quarum
illae
(Hierogly-
Hae (Symbolicae) vero sub phicae) quidem res exponunt imitatione. Aenigmatis quibusdam latenter ostendunt."
Observations on the Hieroglyphic and Enchorial Alphabets.
XVIII to
express the
moon they
sun they formed a
circle,
and for the
traced the figure of a crescent.
At what period Hieroglyphic writing was in
Egypt
is
it
impossible to
say;
first
but the inscriptions
on the monuments carry us back to a very ancient
The name of Tirhakah king
who
flourished about
used
date.
of Ethiopia, (2. Kings XIX, 9.)
700 years before
Christ,
was
dis-
covered by Mr. Salt at Medinet Haboo, and at Birkel in
in
Ethiopia
also found at (1.
M.
Phonetic Characters.
Karnak the name
Kings XIV, 25,
Champollion
of Shishak king of Egypt,
26.) Phonetically written,
about 970 years before Christ.
"He
is
who
lived
represented as
dragging the chiefs of thirty conquered Nations to the feet
of the
Theban Trinity."
Among
these
he found
written in letters at full length, Joudaha Melek, "The king of the Jews."
This
may be
on the above named chapter. in the
considered as a commentary
We may
probably conclude
words of the Poet: ,,Nondum flumineas Memphis contexere biblos Noverat: et saxis tantum volucresque feraeque Sculptaque servabant magicas animalia linguas." Lucan. Phars. lib. III. 221.
The Hieratic or Sacerdotal characters are immediately derived from the
Hieroglyphic, which will
once appear evident on comparing them. racters appear to have been intended
at
"These cha-
for simple imita-
XIX
Observations on the Hieroglyphic and Enchorial Alphabets.
tions of the
Hieroglyphics:
and from these the Encho-
or Popular characters seem to have been derived."
rial
"The manuscripts, which belong Psammetichus
,
to
the
time
appear to be decidedly Hieratic, and
of to
follow closely the traces of the distinct characters, while those, of rial
Darius approach in some degree to the Encho-
form, which probably came into
common use
as the
"epistolographic" character, while the Hieratic was so called as being
more employed by the
Priests for the purposes
of their religion." I
am
indebted to the kindness of C.
W. Goodwin
Esqr. for the Hieroglyphic and Enchorial Alphabets, and for the following observations on those Alphabets.
"The Hieroglyphic writing comprises between 60 and 70 signs which are alphabetic, that present simple
is,
which re-
There
vowel and consonantial sounds.
are also nearly 200 more which are syllabic, that
Some
represent combinations of simple sounds.
is
they
of these
latter signs are appropriated to particular words, others
are in "of
all
common
use,
in the spelling of
words
kinds.
As an example
5^
and occur
of the Alphabetic signs
the owl, which represents the letter m.
ever stands
alone,
like
M
in Coptic,
in
we may It often
take
how-
which case we
must suppose that a vowel sound a or e was either prefixed or postfixed in pronunciation.
An
example of the
XX
Observations on the Hieroglyphic and Enchorial Alphab
signs
syllabic
is
--
which represents the
Signs of this kind are often
am.
more of the alphabetic
we have sometimes
-J-
ets.
combination
com ined with one or
Thus for the simple
signs.
p^, sometimes
\
-fl-
u^ both of which
combinations are sounded simply am.
characters
Many
which are really syllabic were inserted in the earlier lists
which were formed, as alphabetic.
that
all
It
is
probable
the Hieroglyphic characters were originally syl-
and that those which subsequently became pure
labic,
consonants, had at
first
The Hieroglyphic
a complementary vowel. includes only those characters
list
which are purely alphabetic. late inscriptions are
of which the sound
Those which are found in
marked with an
may be
considered
A
asterisk. * still
open
to
few
doubt
are marked with a query ?"
"The
was formed from the Hiero-
by a gradual modification of the original forms,
glyphic,
many
Hieratic writing
of which became
identification only
altered as to be capable of
so
by comparison of
in both kinds of characters, of
abundant examples. as there
are
identical texts written
which the Rituals furnish
Many
varieties of Hieratic exist, just
many kinds
of handwriting amongst our-
selves, all reducible to the old square
About 600 B. ormed the
,
C.
the
Roman
character.
Demotic or Enchorial was
being only an abbreviated or degenerated form of
Hieratic,
trough which
its
letters
may be
traced
Observations on the Hieroglyphic and Enchorial Alphabets.
up
The Demotic or En-
to the original Hieroglyphics.
chorial writing comprises, like the Hieroglyphic ratic,
and Hie-
a limited number of purely alphabetical characters,
and also a good many is
XXI
The
syllabic ones.
taken from the Demotic
Grammar
The reading
here given
of Dr. Brugsch, and
comprises only those characters which as purely alphabetic.
list
is
may be
considered
from right
to left."
Enchorial or Demotic Alphabet,
A
JL
(II)
i
4
<^
ou
10
C5)f f
B
*.
^
F V
X
K
a
>
'
tn
^3< /Vl 1-
R
x>
M
D
2)
- ^
N
f
P
1
S
-i.
SH
A
T
3 J J
K,
KH, b
H
I-H
fc
O
>o>
2_
*-
\>
^ +.
3 CL.
(T
2>
^ L.
^
<
Hieroglyphic Alphabet.
u, ou,
,
V *
N
V*
Sh
?
All these figures left to
rLU
right.
ML
run
admit of being
turned the other
way and
read from
Enchorial or Demotic Numbers. 1
? i
1
>*
J^
Hieroglyphic Numbers. 1.
Index to the Subjects.
Chap.
I.
Page
The Alphabet
1
Chap. Pronunciation of the letters
II.
3
.
Chap.
m.
Of Points and Abreviations Part
II.
Etymology.
7
Articles
1013
Chap. IV. Of Nouns .1 Cases of Nouns
13
21
Chap. V. Of Adjectives
24
Chap. VI. Of Personal and Eelative Pronouns Pronoun Infixes and Suffixes Cardinal and Ordinal
Numbers
27
35 41
XXIV
Index of the Subjects.
Chap. VH. Pape
"
Of Verbs Prefixes and
.
Suffixes
.
Verbs united with particles
65
Participles
v
.
Negative Prefixes Auxiliary verb
78 79
9pE
and
89
TpF
Irregular and defective Verbs
91
Adverbs and Conjunctions
99.
103
100
Prepositions
Chap. Formation of words
VTEI. 104
106109
Dialects
Praxis of the
45
45. 97
first
Chap, of John
.
110
CHAP. The Egypt. Alphabet.
a
I.
Coptic, or Egyptian Alphabet. Names
of Letters.
English sounds.
Numb.
Chap. Egypt. Alphabet.
I.
The Coptic, or Egyptian Alphabet.
The pronunciation
II.
Chap.
CHAP. The pronunciation The followiug
now
\\hich
A.
is
of the Letters.
E,
o and
as
u>:
qi,
It
is
also used
is
for
ANg
and o^BHp for
changes with n, as
instead
AHA
letters
of Egypt.
often used in
onb, NABF for
NOBF, ANFg for FNF^, and pFqbATFB for is sounded as b in BAByAu>N, and as v
for
of
and
it
in
q and <J>, as Bt sometimes inter-
ABBA.
for
never occurs in Egyptian words, except when used instead of other Letters, words.
It is
or
is
it
found in Greek
is
used instead of K and
ANK, NP for NK, TCDNT for TO)NK, and in Greek words as ANAPKH. &.
the
of
pronunciation
pronounced as a in man with us, and
IU>BAN.
r.
the
3
II.
among the Copts
prevails
Bash, instead of
B.
is
of the Letters.
x,
MAAPE
as
ANP
for
MAAXf
for ;
was never used by the ancient Egyptians, and occurs only in foreign words, in which stituted
&AZIC
for T, as
for
it is
sometimes subfor
TAZIC, esAkpcw
GFATpOH. F.
pronounced as
is
at
the
also ATT. 2>
is
c
Greek.
in
It is
end of words instead of
used instead of It is
A
in
i
used
Bashmuric,
only used in words of foreign origin.
written for T, as TCDTTA^ION for
Sahidic
in Coptic.
as
sometimes written instead of
times written for c, as
iii
It
gpn
is
for
n. It is
It
someis
also
4 H.
sounded like the Greek
it
was formerly pronounced with a sharp breathing,
as
1,
as
It
r/ye/Lttov.
for
gHBC
This letter also
is
THMl
FBC,
pronounced as
e
&.
used instead of
is
K.
in
changes with
Ft,
as
e,
is
Greek, as
sounded as K
In Sahidic
is
it
OAAAFOC.
used instead of
It is
for
Tg
ETBF (f,
or
for FOBF.
as
^
e
is
T
some-
for F
F0Ay
in English.
It
often
tpp, Fipp: niNF, TTFINF.
in Greek.
KAMF
stead of x, as
in
th
In Sahidic and Bashmuric
times used in Sahidic for i
as
;,
for TIMt.
pronounced as
is
answers to
letter
sometimes used for F and
is
expedition in writing.
t.
of the Letters.
MHTTOTF:
is
gHrEMOON,
e.
The pronunciation
II.
Chap.
for
It is
used in Sahidic
XAMF; Kpoyp
for
often exchanged for r, as
in-
xpoyp.
rcoNr
for
TO)NK. 7\.
in
Bashmuric answers
ponm;
p
in
Coptic, as AAMFII for
AIMI for pini.
M.
is
N.
also
answers
this
letter
.
to
pronounced as
m
in English.
to n in English.
seldom found
is
in
Egyptian words, but
principally occurs in words derived from other languaIt is
ges.
for o."
is
eoync;
is
in
oyp
pronounced
ged for n.
sometimes used
GO
for
as o in
instead of KC, as
ncoyp.
POBOAM.
It is
often exchan-
long, as <j)O)px for (^opx.
sounded as b by the modern Egyptians, n Sahidic
Coptic.
ABBA.
It
0oyz
for is
(j>
in
Coptic,
as ITAU) Sah.
sometimes used for B,
as
is
used
for AO)
ATTA
for
p.
is
pronounced as r
muric for c.
is
T.
is
is
TANIFA
sounded
for
wand
i,
for orjfiawuv
sound of
changed with
Xom is
and 2vyNA
;
x,
as
,
K
Coptic, but sometimes
it
is
is
for
Ftu)ip
is
It
ex-
is
and
HFXip;
used instead of x.
in Greek.
pronounced as pn
n
4>-
In Sahidic
go>n.
beginning of words
in the
or % of the Greeks.
and
(y,
for
Sahidic and Bashmuric
In
bai.
as KyBorroc, for
FI;
pronounced as /; and
has the
for
occurs in words of Greek ori-
It
always used instead of
\J/.
Coptic.
&AWFA.
for
as b; as (J)A1
X.
pAN
Bash-
in
changed
in
s
like u.
cyMFNiN, is
It is
ApAM.
5
Letters.
6cpu>M. pronounced as &; and it is occasionally used
gin instead of
<]).
in
AFN
as
A,
enunciated as
k, as
y.
The pronunciation of the
II.
Chap.
It
rarely used in
is
found for nc in the ex-
pedition of writing, as \|AT for TJCIT;
x|/oAcFA for
TTCOACFA. O).
is
sounded
w
like
of the Greeks.
and
;
and A
in
is
frequently
oo
is
often used
Bashmuric instead of
0),
as AIK for
exchanged with o; for OD
It
in Sahidic
(JDIK.
(y.
possesses
changed with q.
is
same power
the
c,
pronounced as //
sometimes with b.
x, x,
<J) 3
as
and
w
as
in
Hebrew.
It
and sometimes with it
THpcj)
is
changed with
for
g. B,
X and K,
it
as
and
rwpq.
This letter answers to the n of the Hebrews.
kinson says
is
has the sound of kh.
It
Wil-
changes with
XFp, t>Fp; and ba)K, bcuK
It
never
6
occurs
The pronunciation of the
II.
Chap. in
being
Sahidic,
Letters.
used
always
in
its
stead. .
is
pronounced as h or
and
n,
breathing of the Greeks, as
is
used for the sharp
gonAoN
gY ca)TIOC
onkov,
voownog. x.
Sir
Gardner Wilkinson says: "This
ced hard as
answer
in go,
g
and not as dj"
Arabic _.
to the
fiaQya^tTrjg,
XFNFcjxop, xpo)M for xpo)M and (Tog, xog. This letter
Copts; as is
is
pronounced as
ncotfNi,
cycuA for d"o>A. in Sahidic in 't.
But
it
a),
is
pronoun-
appears to
It
X,
r,
u},
rFNF(|)a)p for for
xoy^T,
,
u)oy
s
or sh by the present
cpsoshni;
exchanged with c and
is
changes with
It
and 6\ as MApXApiTHC,
6.
letter
It
iTENtfoiC, pensuais. as
(Rung for co>Ng, and
chiefly
and Bashmuric, as
exchanged with x
<)IN for
XIN:
It
some words of Greek origin instead of
occurs
/.
The Copts of the present day pronounce this double letter as di; but there are some words in which we should evidently pronounce rrAA'tA
In Sahidic
etc.
it
is
it
as
ti,
as
B ATTACH A,
exchanged for TF, as
r
a)OM f-, Sah. OJOMTF. The following are examples given by Sir G. Wilkinson while
nounced as dtwa ; NlO)'f, itishdee;
CCDTFM, sodam
nANOyt, banoodc ;
FBoAbFN. dwelkhdn; F0BHTq, inetmdi.
,
of in
pronunciation
Egypt. EGBF,
(JbM, skim;
pro-
XOM. gbm;
nioycoiNl. beeoodynee;
waff; rnF, edbc ;
fit
as
HF6MHI.
Of Points and Abbreviations.
III.
Chap.
CHAP.
ig
7
III.
Of Points and Abbreviations.
When
1.
-
in Sah.
(
the line in Coptic
or the horizontal line
(*)
occurs over consonants,
)
M
the vowel F, as
or R,
sometimes written,
arid
FM: N or
MN
for
generally expresses
MFN, NM
for
it is
FMKA
as
The vowel
FN.
IT,
at other times
the line above the consonant, /Hction: Sah.
it
is
expressed by or
MKAg, for
NFM, O)MMO
a/-
UJFMMO.
appears from some words derived from the Greek,
It
that the line f) has been used in Coptic to express the
vowels A, F and o; as NAecoe, \-(vad(60\ Noyqi. and FCTiN for f^orr]v.
equally evident from the Sahidic, that the line
It is
used for A, F and o; as
is
(-)
thou
for
HTOK,
for
o)OMTF. three
When
3.
ovoixpt;
:
ANK
for
oyHTC]
for
oyONTAq.
NH
for
NEM
f. ;
and:
ANOK. tic
gH
/;
halh; for
the line (^) occurs above a vowel in words
derived from the Greek,
we
rind
it
expresses the soft or
hard breathing of the Greeks; as HCAy- 'Haav; (OCANNA. Moavvct; ABIA, *J{3ia: or
it
denotes that the letter should
be pronounced separately, and agrees with the diaeresis of the Greeks, as 4.
to
The
distinguish
rrFNFg, thy 5.
M
or
N
A
CTOIXOC,
line (*) is
oil
line
-Srwftcog.
put over a letter in some words
them from others; as TTFNF^,
ever,
from
f.
above
radical,
MM.
or
N
H, distinguishes
and from N, the
it
from
definite article plural
8
Chap.
before the infix
;
III.
Of Points and Abbreviations.
(see
clef,
art,
as
plnr.)
but NO>oy, without the point above the N.
Two
6.
over the letter
oyoFiN,
light;
Two
7.
Sahidic
in
points
are
()
nxotc
glory; them.
to
is
sometimes put as
as a contraction of FI.
i.
is
wcooy
oyoiN
for
for TTXOEIC, Lord.
points are also put over the
t.
when joined
with another vowel in Sahidic, in the prefixes and suffixes to verbs
Fpoi, MAI,
and
&TW,
nouns and pronouns, thus
in
v
of the line
(
and of the points
)
be pointed out as we proceed;
will
TAXpoi,
:
&c. F^pAii, TTAI, TAI, NAI, MEI, NOI, HI
The further use
8.
()
,
but
may be
it
here observed, that hardly two Manuscripts of the same
work, agree in the lines above the
letters;
and we are
ignorant of a portion of them.
still
The Circumflex,
The circumflex
9.
(")
is
scripts over the vowels A> E, .1
over the
^ ^ FI and
"^\
H
5
1,
6 and
~
j
oy;
the heavens;
found in Sahidic Manu-
as
and
oG;
-
NH, they; u)TFKO, a prison
:
(fo5,
to
remain;
In some cases the circumflex ap-
pears to be used instead of doubling the vowels,
in
^
oyA, one; NA, mercy; rmoyF,
f~*\
oyFt. one; oy, what?
(tf,
also
for
AA
and
coo).
The circumflex
is
as A,
not always found
Sahidic Manuscripts.
The Apostrophe.
The apostrophe letter of a word in 10.
last
(')
is
generally found over the
Sahidic, but not always.
does not appear to be very apparent. fore
add
to the
I
Its
use
will not there-
conjectures which have been put forth
Chap.
concerning
AAYFIA',
it.
It
is
Of Points and Abbreviations.
found thus:
O^AXF', C^IMF',
NMMAN',
3
nopNiA', MA',
FIFXI', BCDK', XODK'?
pRMAO', gAT
NoyB
,
F^FKiwA',
3
,
UlBHp',,
CflDTHp'.
An'. Rnqoyoocy', Finoq'.
TroNHpoc', 11.
III.
sometimes occurs in the middle of a word,
It
as coA'cA, p'gGDB, cyrp'rcDp,
The Abbreviations. 12.
Some words
in Coptic
and Sahidic are abbrevi-
ated in the following manner, with a line or lines above the words.
EG, fey,
ppg,
ppoc,
ec, ey,
epoc,
TwA, Tvic,
iwcoyc,
INC,
IHCOyC NA^ApFOC CODTHp,
TCA,
icpAnA,
I
O) A, TeDH,
ICDANNHC,
KF, KC, KN,
KypiF, Kypioc,
KA,
KF(j)AAFON,
RH,
MMApryptA,
ngy,
Mcoy,
MFTXpU,
MFTXpHCTOC,
o
ON, as MyCTHpio,
o,
oy, as
Part U. Etymology.
10
PYO,
Cp, CU)p, CCDTHp
xp, xpowoc.
*Ji>
MAprypoc,
.p,
npoc,
XC, XpC, XplCTOC, (TC, (TOPIC. 13. Coptic Manuscripts &JUI,
,VAO, in the
in the
name
14.
name
generally
begin
with o>
e of God: or with
cyN icxypoc, CD
of the powerful God.
The
stops used in Manuscripts, are one or
two
XP
N&H AqMoY- oyog &c. Mark XV, eAflDi: pAFMA CABAXeANi: Mark XV,
44.
points, as
or as EAo)i:
Part H.
24.
Etymology.
The Articles. 1.
The Egyptian Language has the
definite
and also the possessive.
definite articles,
The Definite Article.
Coptic. Fcm.
Masc. Sing.
HI.
TT.
.
T.
Sing-.
6. +.
Plur. Coin.
Nl.
NFN.
and
in-
Part
II.
S ah TTF.
1 1
Etymology.
d
i
i c.
TF. T.
17.
NF.
R NR
Bashmuric. HI. TTF. 2.
+. TF. T.
17.
The Coptic uses the
article
Nl.
ni and
R
NF. TT
promiscu-
m-
ously,' either before double consonants or vowels, as
KAgi and n-KAgi', "f"-CMn
and T-CMH.
m-m
and n-w, m-oypo andrr-oypo: The Coptic has and "t also be-
m
fore vowels, even before
the plural NI
cept after
is
i.
as niiAg,
r
f/iOY^ FA
-
But
in
generally used, but sometimes NFN, ex-
FT who, and the prefix, as we shall hereThe articles ()) and 6, are used instead of show.
before
and
before the letters
H, N, oy, p, as cj)BAA. (1)MU)IT, (j)OyAl, GBAKl, GMHCl, GNO^Nl: but W6 SOmeTT
T.
times find these words
3.
B,
i,
w ritten niBAA ntncaiT. r
The Sahidic has
TTF
and TF singular, and NF
two consonants, as npo) &c. The Articles
plural before nouns, beginning with
TMAFIO, xpo, xmo, ^AOOTF, TT and T singular, and N plural, are used not only before vowels, or before one consonant,
as before oycott),
NoyTF. and MA; but even before consonants, when marked with the line or vowel above, as prrF, TBBO, FiNTpp etc. But either TTF, TF. NF are used before z, CHtf,
as TFgin,
NFgiooyp;
or
n^
is
contracted into
()>?
and
from n^An: (|)HKF from rrgHKF: (|)OOY from ngooy: and 9F froniTgF, GH from TH. GIMP from T^IMF. GAIBEC from T^AIBFC, GBCCD from
Tginto
e, as (|)Hy,
from ngwy.
(|)An,
12
Part
II.
Etymology.
T^BCU), eAAcu from TgAAo). Sometimes rrg out the
found with-
ngHT. ngip. The vowel F oy, and poy is contracted into Fy, as
contraction,
admitted before
is
is
as
nFyoFiu) for neoyoFiu), TFyo)H for TFoyu^w, and TFyNoy for TEOyNoy. Often N is prefixed to vowels, as
NACFBHC.
H
changed into
is
and n, as MMAFIN.
the signs;
as BBppF, for
NBppF,
the letters
the heavens;
Rrmye,
sometimes occurs, as HHd'Ao^, the very rarely changed into
before
Fi,
beds.
The N
plur.
M \\\\
is
before the same letters,
B, A, p,
AAAOC
plur. ne?v;
peoples; ppflDMF for NpODMF, the men.
for
NAaoc,
the
The Sahidic very
rarely has the Coptic articles ni. *f and NI. but they are
and occasionally TFI and NFI are
sometimes met with; used instead of the
articles.
The Indefinite Articles. The
4.
no distinction of gender.
indefinite article has
Coptic. Plur.
Sing-.
oy.
Sahidic. oy.
B
a
s
h
Thus the
a word; cities.
indefinite
gANCAXl, W0 rds;
When oy
r
i
c.
gAN.
Oy. 5.
mu
article
oyBAKl
is .
FN.
gff.
used,
a city;
as
oycAxi.
gANBAKi.
the indefinite article precedes the pre-
position F, as Foy,
it
is
contracted into py, as F
Part to
gR
II.
13
Etymology.
a desert for Eoyo)AqF. The Sahidic uses #FN and in the plural, and the Bashmuric the Coptic and Sa-
hidic plurals.
The Possessive Articles.
Coptic. Sing. m.
".
Sing-,
Plur. com.
f.
NA.
6A.
(|>A.
Sahidic. TA.
TTA.
These
6.
articles point out persons or things
belong to any one, as is
of God. Ps. LXI, 11.
is
this image.
faith.
IX,
NA.
Mark
XII,
which
niAMAgi (|)A ^ OF, the power 9A WM TP TAl glKO)N, of whom 16.
NA TKoyi
THCTic, of
little
Luke XII, 28. TTA neqiarr. of his father. Luke 26. -When used with the name of a person, (|)A
signifies
the
son
of,
as
<|)A
wAl
;
the son
of
Eli.
Luke
III, 23.
CHAP.
IV.
Of Nouns. 1.
fore
it,
lions;
An Egyptian noun or other particle, as
nip AN,
the
name;
article is prefixed to the
generally takes an article be-
oypumi,
a man-,
gANMoyMi, when the
Nt<)HTTt, the clouds; but
adjective or the substantive, the
other takes the prefix N, as oyNiaj-f Ngo'f, Copt.
Chap. IV. Of Nouns.
14
HgOTF, Sah.
a great,
Act. V, 2.
/'car.
oyKAgl NU)FMMO,
a strange land, Copt. TO)OpTT fJNTO^H. /^^
OYNiU)t NNFTTi TTF(|)Ai, Copt. The N is also prefixed
first
command-
ment. Sah.-
this in
a yr eat lamen-
tation.
to the
noun substan-
tive or adjective after the verbs
NOyoHNl, a helper. 2.
it
is
light ;
and o)cone. as pqoi
01,
N80H90C,
AKU)0>riF
hast been
thou,
Adjectives sometimes take the articles, as niNiu^-f,
great, m.;
when they are united
but
f.
great,
'i'Niayi',
;
with the particles FT, Fq, FC and ey, they do not take the
article.
Adjectives
are
also
distinguished by their
prefixes and suffixes.
Of the Gender of Nouns. 3.
Every noun
of the three Dialects
masculine or feminine gender, and
is
known by
culine or feminine article being prefixed, or
or
suffix,
or
known by
is
it
its
either of the
is
the mas-
by the prefix
agreeing with the verb,
or some other word in the sentence which has the sign of the gender; night, m.;
Copt.
nor it
EqOtt),
NANoyq-
Sah. good, is
^BAKI,
much, m.
ffood,
;
the city,
FCOcy.
m.; Sah.
f.
;
much,
FGNANFC
The Plural has no
f.
niFXCopg, the f.
;
Copt.
distinction
FONANFq. NAMoyc,
of gender,
there any neuter in the language, but instead of
the feminine
ticle
as
MET
is
used.
Copt, or
MNT
Nouns composed with Sah. are
composed with (UN, Sah. are
compounded masculine.
with
XIN,
Coptic,
all
the par-
feminine.
Those
also feminine, but those
are
for the
most part
Of Nouns.
Chap. IV.
There are some masculine nouns which become
4.
feminine by adding
them
to
i
muric, and F in the Sahidic
a servant,
law.
;
the Coptic and Bash-
in
as BCDK, a servant, m.
Copt. CON, a brother ; CCDNI, a
f.
u)OM, a father in
15
in law. O)0)Ml.
tt)(|)Hp,
a friend,
;
sister,
BCDKI.
Copt.
Copt. o)0)MF. Sah. a mother
m.
O)<|)npl,
a friend,
L
Copt.
a friend, m. a friend, f. Sah. 6~AMAyA, (yBFFp, o^BFFpF, a camel, m. (fAMAyAp, a camel, f. Sah. glHB, a lamb, m. gtHBl, a lamb, f.
f.
Copt.
IF1B,
a lamb, m. glFtBF, a lamb,
Sahidic. 5.
Others form the feminine by changing the last
short vowel of the masculine into a long one, as BFAAp, blind,
m. BFAAw, Copt. BAAvi, Sah.
m. MOyvi, a Copt, ppo,
lioness,
Copt,
a king,
oypo,
ppo),
blind,
f.
Moyi, a
lion,
a king, a queen, oypo).,
a queen,
Sah.
bpAAo. an
old
man. bpAAo). an old woman, Copt. gAAo, an old man. gAAo), <7^ f.
old woman, Sah.
Sah. CABF.
m. t>AH, 6.
//(
(yMMO, ^
'i>^.
^w/,
stranger, m. O)MMO),
m. CABH, wise,
f.
f.
stranger,
Copt. j^AF, the end,
Copt.
Likewise by changing the vowel of the penulti-
mate syllable of the masculine, as u)Hpt, a
son.
o^Fpt,
a
daughter, Copt. O)HpF, a son. o^FFpF, a daughter, Sah.
Of the 7.
The number
the plural.
Number of nouns
of
Nouns.
is
two,
the singular and
These can only be distinguished from each
other in general, by the singular or plural article being prefixed, as:
Chap. IV. Of Nouns.
16
oyXGDM, a bonk; niXU)M,
oyNOBF, a
NIXU)M, the books;
gFNNOBF,
sins;
When
the book:
NFNOBF,
gANXflOM, books;
nNOyBF,
sin;
the
sin;
the sins, Sail.
nouns occur, without the
article
being pre-
can only be known by
fixed, the singular or plural
its
connection with other words of the sentence.
Some
8.
and
adjectives take the prefixes Fq, masc. FC,
FqFMTTcyA, worthy t m. FCFMno)A, worthy, fern. FqOKM. sad, m. Sah. FyoKM, sad, plur. Sah. The adjectives which have the suffixes q and c singular, fern,
Fy
plur, as
have the plural in oy, which variously the
contracted with
is
preceding vowel, as TTFGNANFq, good.
npeNANFy,
good, plur. TTFGNAAq, great. TTE9NAAy, great, plur. NA(ya>q, much. NAO)0)oy, much, plur.
There are a considerable number of Nouns
9.
each
we
dialect,
shall here
which form their plural endeavour to
differently,
in
which
class according to their ter-
mination. 10.
Coptic Plurals which end in
ABCDKI, crows. A(j)0)4> ? a giant.
MNOT
MAt, places. rich.
pAMAOl,
in F- (TAAs, lame.
MA, a place.
breasts.
pAMAO,
a companion. comu)<])Fpi,
u^Fp, bpMoi, old,
plur.
which end
11. Coptic Plurals
blind,
MNot,
rich, plur.
panions. t>FAAo,
a
A(j)0)(|)i; giants.
a breast.
old.
ABU>K, a crow.
t.
and their
y
in
(TAApy. lame, plur. BFAAp,
blind.
sing,
BFAAFy,
plur. 9FO)F, neighbour. 0FO)Fy, a neighbours. MFepF,
witness.
MFepFy,
witnesses.
CABF; prudent.
plur. ,
last,
plur.
pFM^F.
free.
CABFy, prudent
XANF,
humble.
f
XANFy,
pFMFy,/ra',
plur.
t>AF,
>
last,
humble, plur.
Of Nouns.
Chap. IV.
which end
12. Coptic Plurals in
17
E and o; but which change them into
the
FBO, mute.
plural.
FgHoy and Fgcooy. oypo, a rich,
king,
/air, pi.
a door.
O)FMMO, a
o^NHOy,
#<"/.
Arm,
nets.
/OCM.V/.
UJXE,
/>
oxen.
rw.
pAMAO,
kings.
stranger.
lApcooy,
rich.
a}FMMO)oy,
U)TEKO,
To
Anwoy,
magicians.
ET(j)0),
a singer.
14.
C(|)tp,
in
E.
woyi or cooyi
which end
in
an
side.
EI,
C())lpa)oyi,
H or oy.
beasts.
bpHoyi, food, 15.
pp(j)Fl,
sides.
in
oyi, and their
which are changed into
AAoy. a
(|)E,
plur.
a temple,
hours.
oyNO)oyi,
TFBNtooyi,
pEqXCO, CBODOyi,
in the plural: as
tears.
hour.
o>.
CBO), a doctrine.
singers.
BEXF, wages. BFXHOyi, wages,
FpMcooyi,
and their
oyi,
AXO), magician. AXcooyt,
a head. A(|)Hoyi ? heads.
A(()F,
CAUDoy,
may be added
these
Of Coptic Plurals which end
singulars
boys.
a
pAMAcuoy,
a burden. ETcfxwoyi, burdens.
pEqxcooyi,
doctrines.
rivers.
heads.
flesh, plur.
Aqoyi,
flesh.
ox.
strangers. (t)NF,
singulars ending with a consonant, or with
Aq,
in
O)TEK(JDOy, prisons.
prison.
locusts.
Coptic Plurals
13.
EgF, an
po)oy, doors. CAiF, fair.
cyXHOy,
Bash.
#
tApo,
sing,
woy and 0)oy
EBO)Oy, mute, plur.
oypcooy.
plur. po.
and their
in oy,
pp^noyi a TFBNH .
boy.
AAcooyi.
FpMH, a temples.
oyNOy,
labouring
heaven. c|)Hoyi, heavens.
tear.
hpF,
beast.
food.
plur.
Sahidic Plurals which end in
ABODK, a crow.
AooyF, ornaments.
ABflDKF;
F.
crom. Aooy, an ornament.
18
Chap. IV.
Of Nouns.
which end
16. Sahidic Plurals
and wy, and
in ey,
their singulars in E. as
BAAE,
blind.
prudent, plur. tf#
BAAEy.
u)AqE
enemy. xiXEEy,
%^.
enemies.
17. Sahidic Plur.
a baker.
AMpE, a
ttjNEj,
net.
woyE, and
last.
short F
fMFFy.
village. A?*/,
which end
Plurals
w7-
plur. sing, into
ny pi.
FHy.
oxen.
in
EyF, wyE, and
their singulars in E, as
eAEEyE^
heads. TIE; heaven.
last,
^AAE,
rmyF,
epwyE, and (fAAEEyE, lame, plur. The
which end
Plurals
Sahidic
heavens.
gpE, food.
plur. lame.
changed into H when the plurals ends
is
19.
'f'MF,
XIXF,
nets.
o)NHy,
food, plur.
,
tf
bakers. EgE, an ox.
AHE, a head. ATTHyE. ,
deserts.
cyAqEEy,
which change the F
AMpwy,
Sahidic
18.
# desert.
gAFEy and gAFyE,
/
gAF,
;
cms. prudent. CABEEy,
blind, pi.
in
oy,
in
nyE.
and their
singulars in o, which are changed into (ooy, as
lEpO, shores.
a river.
FiNTppo,
rivers.
lEpCDOy, a kingdom.
MHTppCOOy,
a king, a door. po)oy. doors, ppo, following
Fgooy,
is
formed
not
the shore.
Kpo,
quite
ppeooy.
po.
The an ox.
oxen.
EiO),
an ass. ElflDOyE,
oyE, harbours.
night.
kings.
regularly: FgE.
20. Sahidic Plurals which end in
KOoyF,
Kpcuoy,
kingdoms,
otJiers.
EO).
pMFloyE, a doctrine.
ass.
oyNoy, an
oyo^OOyE, tears.
an
FOOyE,
hour.
nights. piMF,,
CBOoyF,
KE, another.
asses.
oyNooyF,
hours.
oycpH,
pMFlH, Keeping. pHElOoyE,
poMTTE. a year. doctrines,
oyE.
EMpO). a harhour. FHpo-
asses.
pRnooyE,
cnip,
a
side.
years.
CBO),
cntpOoyE,
Chap. IV. sides.
TBNH, a
beast.
19
Of Nouns.
TBNOOyF,
a waif.
beasts, plur.
ooa>> P lur gpF, /007. epPY E > f 21. Coptic and Sahidic Plurals of a more irregula
lOOyF,
-
toays.
character.
Coptic. Plur.
Sing.
Ago, a
treasure.
.,
treasures.,
ABOT, a month.
ABHT,, months.
ANAU), an
ANAyu),
oath.
oaths:
BHT, a palmwood.
BA't'}
BO)K, a servant.
FBlAK,
F60U), an Ethiopian.
FGAyu), Ethiopians.
palmwoods. servants.
FMKAg, FO),
FFy,
i
a merchant.
M,
home.
lOM, ^/^ lu>T^
^.
father.
MFNpiT,
asses.
merchants.
",
HOy,
houses. *tfA-.
AMAioy,
10^
fathers.
beloved.
beloved.
,
,
plains.
MCDIT,
Mircooyi, ways.
oypiT, a keeper. a tenth.
oypA'i", keepers.
pFMHT, CAb, a
scribe.
COBT, a
wall.
pHMA'f,
tenths.
cboyij, scribes.
CFBGAloy,
watts.
CONI, a robber.
ClNODOyi, robbers.
CON, a
CNHOy,
CglMl,
brother.
woman.
brothers.
lOMi, women.
3*
20
Of Nouns.
Chap. IV.
a father in law.
,
U)MO)Oy, fathers
a rod.
Boyt, vipers.
a horse.
horses.
60)p,
a bird.
2 BHO Y l
gCOB,
works.
?
XAMOyA? xoi, a
l
ship.
,
S ah
treasure.
basket.
FBOTj,
d
camels.
feet.
Lords.
i c.
Plur.
Sing.
Ago,
i
5
ships.
?
,
Bip,
law.
o)Bot? rods.
a viper.
T
in
AgCDCDp, treasures.
BpwoyE,
baskets.
month.
EBATF, months.
father.
ElOTE, fathers.
\
ElODT^
oyplT, CON,
CglME,
oygop,
keeper. brother.
woman.
oypATE, CNHy^
keepers.
brothers.
glOME, women.
oygoop,
*%>*.
gA^AATE, gBOyij
C Ta) P?
birds.
vipers.
Ta)a) P? horses.
gBny. gBHye, works. xoi,
XOEIC,
XEicooyE, Lords.
Of Nouns.
Chap. IV.
Of Cases
have no cases of nouns.
Dialects
or bv prepositions,
Egypt But these are indicated by cer-
as,
Sahidic and Bashmuric.
Coptic. NXF
R6~i.
Gen. NTF, M, N.
NTF, R,
FT.
Dat.
F,
M, N.
F,
R,
FT.
ACC.
F,
M.
F ? R,
FT.
cb,
of
which precede, or are prefixed to the nouns,
tain particles
Voc.
1
Nouns.
speaking the three
22. Strictly
Norn.
of
2
N.
nt.
a),
Abl. F, M, N, or a preposition. 23. It will be
TTF.
F, R> R, or a preposition.
seen that what are called cases in
Greek and Latin are here denoted by
particles
which
precede the noun, as in the nominative and genitive, or
by
particles prefixed.
The Nominative Case. 24. tic,
and
NXF
The sign of the nominative case F<Ji
in
Sahidic
is
NXF
in
Cop-
and Bashmuric, as AqFpoyo)
THC, TTEXAq N0)0y, Jesus answered (and) said to them,
Luke VI,
act AF NXF MApiA ^MArkAAiNH, But Mary Magdakn came. John XX, 18. AqFl H6~i fcoANNHCj John
came.
3.
Mat.
TPAAlAAlA, 13. Sah.
Ill,
l.
Sah.
TOTE Aqpi
than Jesus came
R6~i
out of Galilee.
Tc
FBoAgN, Mat.
Ill,
22
Of Nouns.
Chap. IV.
The Genitive 25.
The genitive case
4.
Ps.
3.
2.
XLIV,
NTF nsKgo. //? ////tf 0/ thy oyojAXF NTF TMF, M
Sah.
7.
M
or N.
used as the sign of the genitive case, as
8.
Sah.
TtyFFpF
the
MFTAIODT,
(J)pAN
John V, 44. oycAXl NFMI, XII,
of Samaria.
city
(J)OYO)iw
Cor. VI,
Sahidic,
NTE preceding
indicated by
oyBAKi NTF TCAMAptA, a
the noun, as
John IV,
is
Case.
the
frequently
of my
word of knowledge.
the son
Sah.
especially in the
name
FTCIGDN, the daughter
no)npe RAAYPIA.
is
face.
of Sion.
IVIat.
father. 1.
Cor.
XXI,
of David. Mat. XXI,
Luke XXII, power of God. Luke XXII,
5.
9.
Sah. nu^upe MTTpcuMF. the son of man.
48.
Sah. T
69.
()),
H
The prefix
Sah.
is
and always before
used principally before IT,
B,
M
but seldom before A and
and p.
The Dative Case. 26.
The dative case takes the
sometimes
F,
as
hand)
to
Israel
(his
Aqtrorq FimcA,
Aqi Firm MMAplA,
he
TTFXAq NCIMODN,
he came
to the
M
or N,
and
hath given
help
prefix
'he
said to Simon.
house of Mary. Fff u)0)M
Luke XXIII, 2. Sah. *\ NNgHKF, to give to the poor, Luke XIX, 8. Sah. NFKXCO MMOC FOyON WM, saycst thou it to all? Luke XII, 41. Finppo
Sah. the
;
to
give tribute to the king,
When
Foy
F
is
are frequently contracted into py, as
EyoABiAE TTojATM.
Luke
prefixed to the indefinite article oy,
it
XIII, 19. Sah.
is
like to
FCTNTODN
a grain of mustard seed.
Chap. IV.
Of Nouns.
The Accusative 27.
.1,
52.
AAAA
power. Acts
ceive
Lord. lifted
case are M,
accusative
of the
Aqpoobr NgANXCDpi, he hath
V, 21.
Luke
Case.
ANXlMl MntMANCCDNg, we found
as
F,
The signs
23
FpFTFNE<)i 8.
I,
'ANN Ay
down
or
Acts
the prison,
cast
the strong,
but yc shall re-
NoyxoM, FIT (TC,
N
we have seen. the
John XX, 25. A Mooycwc XFCT Angoq, -#/<9^ up the serpent. John I, 14. Sah. TTAl ETF poyOFlN
FpcoMF NlM, w/tf^ enlighteneth every But the F is most frequently used
man. John
Sah.
9.
I,
as the sign of the
accusative.
The Vocative Case. 28.
the it
The sign
noun,
as
CD
vocative case
of the
does not often occur.
The
HArAGOC,
TTCA
TTAO)<|>Hp,
my
good Master!
friend!
preceding I,
1.,
NArAeoc,
Copt.
Sah. Mat. XIX,
Copt. TTFO^BFFp,
but
used as
definite article is
the sign of the vocative, as ^pF.qtcBO) o
Theophilus. Acts
o
6FO(])iAF,
is
16.
friend! Sah.
Mat. XX, 13. Fyxa>
MMOC
R^AyFlA.
Lord thou son of David, have mercy
on
us,
saying,
Sah. Mat.
HClO)N.
XX,
XF nxoFic NA NAN no^wpp
30. Ttt)Fpt NCICON,
daughter of Sion
!
John XII,
Copt.
TpjFFpF
15. Sah.
The Ablative Case. 29. This case sometimes takes the prefix F,
as
FNOBF NlM, from
all sin.
M, N or
Sah. FTTNOyTF. from God.
24
Of Adjectives.
Chap. V.
FT
MMOKMEK. from
is
generally represented by some preposition.
The Bashniuric takes the same hidic to
But the
Sah.
the thoughts.
ablative
particles as the Sa-
the cases, except the Ablative.
all
CHAP.
V.
Of Adjectives. 1.
There are some adjectives, the number and gen-
known by
der of which are as
niNigyh
good, m. Sah.
great,
oyAB
tNiO)^, great,
E6NANEC, good,
NAAC, ET,
E,
m.
great,
or
or
NAAq
and PGNANEq,
f.
great, m.
EGNAAq, pl ur
EGNAAy, ffw*>
ue united
be clean, holy.
to
f.
Sah.
f.
the suffixes, or the articles,
-
Sah.
to verbs forms adjectives,
as
clean, holy.
EGOyAB,
NAO)E or ENAO)E, Sah. much. NAU)tt)q or ENAcyo)q, Sah. much, m. NA(yu)C or ENAOJOUC, Sah. much,
O)oy or ENAO)0)Oy, Sah. much, plur. NANE and NANoy, ENANoy, Sah. good. Sah. good, m.
NANoyq, ENANoyq, ENANoyc, Sah. good,
f.
f.
NAOJ-
NANEq,
NANEC and NANoyc, ;
EGNANEy,
ETNANoyoy,
Sah.
good, plur.
NAEIAT thou, m.
or
NAi'AT,
Sail,
blessed.
NAi'ATK, blessed
N AtATq blessed he. N Al ATC, blessed she. N AlATHyTH, ;
blessed ye.
NECE EGNECcoq ENECCDC,
NAtATOy,
blessed they.
or ENECSj, fair, beautiful NEC(JDI, fair or
ENECcoq,
fair she.
fair
he.
1.
NECflDq,
NECGDC, EGNECCDC or
ENECO)oy or ENECOOy,
fair they.
Of Adjectives.
Chap. V.
CMApcooyT, and CMAMAAT,
25
Sah.
Messed.
KCMA-
poDoyT, Messed thou. qcMApcooyT, qcMAMAAT, Sahidic. Messed lie. NHFTCMApoooy, NFTCMAMAAT, Sah. blessed they.
Sah. alone.
oyAA. he.
oyAAK,
alone thou.
MM Ay AT,
MAY A AT,
and
Sail,
alone
thou.
m.
MMAyATq. MAyAAq,
Sail,
alone he.
AAC, Sah. alone
M Ay A AN,
we.
Sah.
she.
all.
Sah.
all he.
all we.
rupK,
THpTR,
MMAYATK,
MMAyA'f', alone thou
Sah.
the whole thou,
Sah.
THpC, THpFC, Sah.
alone.
i.
MMAyATC, MAyMMAyATFN, alone
Sah. alone they.
MMAyAToy. MAyAAy, rwp,
alone
alone they.
oyAATOy,
MAYAAK,
oyAAq,
all ye.
m.
Tupq, Twppq,
all she.
THpoy,
THpFN, THpR,
all they.
Of the Comparison of Adjectives. 2.
Comparatives are formed by goyo, Copt, goyo,
goyp, Sah. #OYA, goys, Bash, more, as goyo TAIO FgOTF MCDyCHC, more (greater) honour than Moses.
oygoyb TAIO F^OTF the
Heb.
house.
Ill,
niHl, 3.
more (greater) honour than
MNTAN goyo
F-foy FTOEIK.
Sah. we have not more than five breads loaves. Luc. IX, 13.
FgOTF poi,
is
also a sign of the comparative, as
F
more than me, Mat, X, 37. and with F, as
NTF
(jrf"
God
is
3.
Ngoyo NlO)'|'
FCOl NCABF FgOTF FNlpODMl, the foolishness of wise more (wiser) than men. 1. Cor. I, 25.
The comparative to
TE
the
positive;
fl2Y>
is
as
the witness
also
expressed
by
^MFTMFepF NTF of God
is
greater.
adding (J)^ 1.
oyJohn
26
V,
Of Adjectives.
Chap. V. It
9.
also
is
positive, as
MM
expressed by adding r,
FKNAAK
TTTOK
or N to the
FTTNIODT IAKCOB, art thou
greater than our father Jacob? John IV, 12. Sah. oyNotf
John XIX, greater than our heart. I.John
NNOBF, greater
III, 20.
Fpoq, are we stronger than he? Sometimes there
4.
parative,
and
it
the passage; as
is
RNOO" FTTFNgHT,
11. Sah.
sin.
1.
Sah.
MH FNXOOp
Cor. X, 22. Sah.
no word to express the com-
can only he collected from the sense of
NIM rap
TTF rriNuyf-. for which is great
Luke XXII, 27. TMFTTMNTpF FiTTNoyTF NAAAC, witness of God is great (greater) 1. John V, 9. Sah.
(greater)
the
The
5.
NIM
tive as
NIM
TTF
TTNO(f
TTF
is
positive
great (greatest)
>FN
TTlNUyt
N
FBoAoyTF,
^MFTOypO NTF
TMNTFpo NMnwyF,
in the
NKj)HOyi,
Sah. who
kingdom of heaven? Mat. XVIII,
The superlative
6.
is
or some such
formed by adding
word
is
1.
the
Sah.
F,
FBoA,
to the positive, as
ANOK
nmoyxi FBoAoyrF NiXnocroAoc Twpoy, and ANOK rAp TTF TTKoyi oyTF NiAnocToAoc THpoy,
TTF
rAp Bash. /or I
am
7.
the least
of
all the Apostles.
The superlative
FMAO)0), Copt.
FMATF,
much, to the positive,
my
sometimes used for the superla-
soul
is
is
more
1.
Cor.
XV,
9.
often formed by adding
Sah. EMAojA, Bash, greatly, very
as
ATAv|/yXH o)eopTFp FMAO^U),
exceedingly troubled. Ps. VI,
and FMAOJA are also repeated;
as
3.
FMAU)0),
FMATF
AqFp pAMAO NXF
rich. nipooMl FMAo^O) FMAO)(0, the man was exceeding Gen. XXX, 43. XFKIC TFTHArAnw peoyo FMATF
FMATF.
that
your
love
FpF may abound
exceedingly.
Sahidic.
Chap. VI.
Phil.
I,
9.
Of Personal Pronouns.
and in Bash. XEKFC ppe
TereNArArm
27 Fi\-
goyA FMAUJA. The superlative is also formed by Ngoyo repeated, as oyog Ngoyo Ngoyo NAyppu^wpi, and they were exceedingly astonished. Mark VII, 37.
CHAP.
VI.
Of Personal Pronouns.
Sin Coptic.
AMOK
N00K N90 N90C
ANON N00DTFN
N9(JDOy
28
Chap. VI.
Of Personal Pronouns.
Personal Pronouns. 2.
Of the Genitive Case.
Singular. Coptic.
Of Personal Pronouns.
Chap. VI.
29
Plural. NAN
NAN
NUN
NCDTEN
NHTFT
NHTEN
to you.
ewNoy
THNOV
THNOY
with an accus.
NCOOY
NAY
NHOY, NHY
to
US.
to
3.
and
AA
The dative
them.
formed by the word po Copt, Bash, by prefixing E to them: and by TOT, Copt. is
also
TOOT, Sah. TAAT, Bash, by
prefixing E or
N
to them.
Singular. Bash.
Coptic.
Sahidic.
Epoi
EpOl, EpAl
EpOK
FpOK, EpAK EpO,
EpA
Epoq
epoq, EpAq
EpOC
EpOC,
EpAC
to me.
EAAK to thee, m. EAA to thee, f. to him.
EAAq EAAC
to her.
E^AN
to
Plural. EpON
EpON, EpAN
EpCOTEN
EpODTN
EpODTEN 0HNOY
HpAT THyTN
Bpa)OY
Epooy
us.
to you.
EAATTHNOy EAAY to them. (
Singular. Coptic.
E Or NTOT
NTOTK
Sahidic.
E or RTOOT
RTOOTK
Bash.
EorHTAAT
HTAATK
TTTOOTE
NTOTq NTOTC
NTOOTq NTOOTC
to
NTAATq HTAATC
me.
to thee,
m.
to thee,
f.
to him. to her.
30
Of Personal Pronouns.
Chap. VI.
Plural. E or NTOTEN
E
01'
ETENOHNOy ETOTOy NTAToy 4.
and
NTOOTFI
E or fiTAATEN
ETOOT THyTH
The accusative Pronoun
Sah.,
MMA
and
MA S
Coptic.
i
is
Bash.
ngu
1
a
US.
to 1JOU.
HTAATOy
TTTOOTOy
to
r.
to
formed by
them.
MMO
Copt,
Chap. VI.
Of Possessive Pronouns.
31
Singular. Sahidic.
Coptic.
t>HT
gHT my
t>Ht
face, me.
gviTK
thee,
m.
gHTF
M
f.
hwrq
HT(]
Plural.
6.
The
ablative case
is
positions with the suffixes.
formed by the following pre-
32
Of Demonstrative Pronouns.
Chap. VI.
Sing. Masc.
Sing.
Sahidic.
Coptic.
mine.
(|)a>i
TTO)l
(j)0)K
TTGDK thine, m.
(J)0)
no)
no)q (j)0)C
thine,
f.
/MA*.
TTCQC her. 0wr.
T70)N
<J)0)TFN
eO)K
TKDTN your. TToooy
their.
eo)oy
Plural Common. mine,
m.
thin?,
M?>?,
f.
Of Demonstrative Pronouns.
Chap. VI.
33
Plural. Coptic and Sahidic.
Bashmuric.
NAl
NEl
these.
Another form of the demonstrative pronoun
is
as
follows.
Ma
F
s c.
Coptic. (j)H
Sahidic.
Coptic.
TTH he.
0H
e m. Sahidic.
TH
she.
Plural.. NH 8.
they.
The demonstrative pronoun
ET
the relative pronoun
;
often joined with
is
as
Singular.
Ma
F e m.
s c.
Sahidic.
Coptic.
TTHET
<j)HET
he,
Sahidic.
Coptic.
THET
0HET
who.
she, who.
Plural. NHET
MMAy and
relative
is
they,
frequently united
3.
with the demonstrative
pronouns both singular and
ETEMMAY, he. Luke XXII, MTTIMA ETFMMAy, the jews XVI,
who.
Copt. IDEM
12. Copt. dwelling
plural,
as (J)H-
Niioy&Ai FTcyon in that place,
toyNoy ETEMMAY,
Acts
in that hour. Copt.
OyOg A TECCMH (yENAC EBoA glXEN HlKAgl THpq ETEMMAy, and the fame of it went out through a/I that land.
Mat, IX, 26. 5.
34
Chap. VI.
Of Prepositions.
Relative Pronouns.
The
9.
relative
N and o
the letters M.
and likewise
pronoun
in Copt,-,
FTP,
F, FT,
NNHFT AY T AoyON
is F.
to
,
FT, FTP. or F6 before
and FNT.
FIT, in Sahidic
those
who
sent
aui,
quae, quod,
and Bashmuric. us.
John
CO)TFM NCtt)TFN, he who heareth you. <J)HFT MMCDTFN, he who despiscth you. Luke X, 16. (j)HFT
I,
22.
cpCDty
The interrogative pronouns undergo no variawhich are these, NIM, who? AO), F0), who? what?
10. tion,
oy> who? oywp, how many?
Of Prepositions. 11.
There are some substantives which are used as
prepositions, as p AT Copt.
afoot, po, a mouth.
gpa, a face. These, being united with some particles
bwT, a
TOT, u hand. xo>,
AFT, Bash,
a head.
neck.
HT, a heart,
become prepositions, as ty&Ttome. Mat. VI, Copt.
gapAT,
under
thee.
Sah. under me. Mat. VIII,
Ezech. XXVII, 30.
18.
hap AT,
9.
Fpo, l^Apo, him. Ex. t>Apoq, against
^TOTq from him. Dent. XV, 3. NbnToy, in them. Psalm V, 10. F!2 HTK Sah. in thee. Ezech. XXVIII, 15. XVI,
8.
?
FpAl, Ps. Ill,
against me.
Ps. CI, 8.
Fpm
FXO)l, against me.
&c.
1.
Prepositions. F,
acc.,
dat., ,
ad, in &c.
Copt, from, ex.
^ an from, -
from, ab, ex.
ex.
FBoAwbHTq, FBoAwbHToy FBoArJgHTq, FBoAiTgHTR
&c. &C.
The Pronoun
Chap. VI. ab.
a,
FBoA^Apo, FBoAglTH,
Sail,
FBoAgiTR,
Sail,
FBoAglTOOT,
FgOTFpO,
and
ab.
a,
ab.
a,
ab.
35
Suffixes.
FBoA^Apoq, FBoA^Apcw
a,
FBOA^lTOT, per,
Infixes
&c.
FBoAglTOTK, FBoAglTOTq, ab.
S. per, a,
&C.
FBOAglTOOTK, FBoAglTOOTq.
supra, plus quam.
FOTFpOK, FOTFpOq,
&C.
N, acc., dat., ad, ab, from, &c.
NTFN, NTH,
Sail.
from.
0)A, ad, usque ad, U)ApOl. t>A, Copt, sub, contra,
hATOTK.
&, Sah. sub, ad, pro. Sail,
gATH^
Sah. apud, &c.
?,
To
these
6-^^,
apudte, t>ATOTq, apud eum.
gATOTK,
etc.
apud, ad, &c.
g ATM,
gi,
cyApOK, tt)AAAK, Bash. &c.
ITOT, 2 ITOOT ? Sah. gtTooTC, Sah. &c.
may be added
oyBF; oyTF and
ATffNF, F9BF, FTBF. Sah.
others.
The Pronoun Infixes and Suffixes. The pronoun
12.
words
instead
,
of
infixes
the
and
suffixes are
possessive
and
added
personal
to
pro-
nouns.
The pronoun
13. article
thy,
oy
your,
An given.
are
inserted
between the
and the noun, and used instead of the possessive
pronouns.
oy,
infixes
f.
They are the following: A, my. FK, thy. F or his. FC, her. FN or R, our. FTFN or FTFT Fq, or Fy,
their.
example of the
infixes with the articles is here
Chap. VI. The Pronoun Infixes and Suffixes.
36
The Infixes. Plural.
Singular, with
artic.
masc.
with
artic. fern.
N-A, my.
TT-A,
in.
N-EK, thy, N-E, thy,
N oy, N-Eq, N-EC,
f.
thy,
f.
Sah.
Ins. /te-r.
N-EN, our. N-R, 0#r, Sah.
N-ETEN, your. N-ETFI, your.
oy
is
N-oy,
/^zV-.
N-Ey.
/!fo/r,
sometimes used for the
Sail.
infix of the
person feminine, instead of E in Coptic, but
it
second
seldom
occurs. 14.
The
suffixes
are
used with words instead of
the infixes, and are these which follow.
37
Chap. VI. The Pronoun Infixes and Suffixes.
Plural.
Singular. F, thee,
or thy,
oy. Ay,
f.
or
/*
A
small
or
(fieir
-
Foy or wy, //*#/, or/fo?/r,Sah.
or &s. q, him, c,
&<*!/>
/*
number
of
words vary from the general
rule.
The Infixes. 15.
The
infixes to
nouns
will
be understood by the
following examples.
a son, with the m.
i,
and
article,
Plural.
Singular. Artie,
and Infixes to a noun masc.
my TTFK-0)Hpi.
son.
TTE-u)Hpi, thy son,
noy-c^npF. thy TTFq-o)Hpt, TTFC-U)Hpl, TTFN-U)vipi ? TTFI-u)HpF,
f.
Sah.
my
our son. our son, Sah.
TTETFN-cyHpi, your son. son,
noun
raasc.
sons.
Noy-o)HpE, thy
f.
sons,
f.
Sah.
NEq-O}npt, his sons. her sons. NEC-o)Hpl, NFN-(ynpt, our sons.
her son.
TTOy-^Hpij their
Infixes to a
NF-u)Hpt, thy sons,
f.
son,
your
and
m. NFK-(ynpl, thy sons,
m.
his son.
TTFTFI-cyvipF,
Artie,
NA-0}Hpl,
thy son,
infixes.
NN-cyHpF ? our
sons, Sah.
sons. NFTFN-tt)Hpi, your
Sah.
son.
TTFy-0)HpF, their son, Sah.
NFTFT-cywpF, your sons, Sah.
Noy-cywpl, their sons.
NFy-cynpF,
their sons,
Sah.
38
The Pronoun
Chap. VI.
Infixes
and
Suffixes.
CCDNI, a sinter, with the fern, article
and Infixes to a noun
my
TA-Ctt)Nl,
TF-CCDNi, thy
fern.
sister.
TFK-CCDNl, thy
m.
sister,
Toy-CGDNF, thy
and
Infixes to a
my
NF-CU>Nl, thy
f.
f.
sister,
Sail.
sisters,
sisters,
Noy-co)NF, thy NFq-ccuNi,
noun
sisters,
his sisters.
NFC-CO)Nl, her
sisters.
TFNCCONl, our
sister.
NFN-co>W our
sisters.
TFTFN-CODW, your TETN-CGDNF, your Toy-CCONi. their
TFy-CODNF,
the
sister.
sister,
NN-CCDNF, our
sisters,
NFTFN-CCJDNI, your
Sah.
sisters.
Sah. NFTN-CODNF, your sister^,Sah.
sister.
NOy-ca)Ni ;
their sisters.
their sister,* Sah.
NFy-CO)NF.
their sisters, Sah.
16. It will
that
?
Sah.
Sah.
i.
sister.
sister,
m.
f.
TFC-CO)Nl, her
TN-CGONF, our
fern.
sisters.
NFK-CCDNi, thy
his sister.
TFq-Ctt)W,
Artie,
NA-CO)Nl,
sister,
infixes.
Plural.
Singular. Artie,
and
be
seen from the
foregoing examples,
infixes are the same to a masculine and femi-
nine noun, singular and plural.
The Suffixes. 17.
The following examples
show the position
will
of the suffixes.
Adjectives with the Suffixes.
FNFCF
or NFCE, fair.
FNFCCOl. fairy
I.
FNFCCDK.
fair,
thoit,
FNFCCDq,
fair,
he.
ENFCtt>C, /air, she. ^
fair,
we.
m.
THp.
all
THpn,
all,
(hou,
in.
THpR,
all,
thou,
m. Sah.
THpq,
all,
he.
Twpc,
all,
she.
THpFN,
all,
we.
The Pronoun
Chap. VI.
FNFCODoy,
FNFCOoy,
NAA
or
Infixes
fair, they.
NAAI, great,
39
Suffixes.
we, Sah.
all,
THpH,
fair, they, Sah.
FNAA,
and
TwpTEN,
f
all,
ye.
THpTR.
all,
ye, Sah.
Tupoy,
all,
they.
NANE
great.
1.
or
NANoy, I.
NANOyi, good,
NAAK,
great, thou, m.
NANFq. good,
NAAq, NAAC,
great, he.
NAN EC,
good, she.
great, she.
NANEy,
good, they.
NAAy,
great, they.
MAy AT,
al ne
-
MAyATK,
MAyATq, alone, he. MAyATC MAyATFN, alone, we. MAyATFN0HNoy, alone, alone, thou,
ATOy,
he.
m.
thou,
alone,
good.
f.
;
alone, she. ye.
MAy-
alone, they.
Prepositions with the Suffixes. Coptic and Sahidic.
Bash.
FpAT,
FAET.
FpATK,
FAATK.
FpA^,
FAETt,
EpATE,
FpATq,
me.
to
to thee,
to thee,
f.
to
f.
thee,
EpATC,
FpATFN,
FAETEN,
to
FpATH,
her. to
US.
to
us,
FAFTTHNOy, EAFToy,
to
Sah.
to you. to
FpATTHyTFT.
FpATOy,
Sah.
to him.
FAETq. FAFTC,
FpATFN9HNOy,
111.
you, Sah.
them.
40
Chap. VI. The Pronoun Infixes and Suffixes. Sahidic.
Coptic.
ob.
F9BF,
FTBF,
F9BHT,
FTBHHT. of
F9BHTK,
FTBHHTK, of
thee,
in.
FTBHHTE; of
thee,
f.
fie,
me.
F9BHTC,
FTBHHTq, of him. ETBHHTC, of her.
F9BHTFN,
FTBHHTIT, of
F9BE9HNOY?
FTBFTHY T ^? f y u
F9BHTOY?
FTBHHTOY? of
F0BHTCJ,
-
them.
Sahidic.
Coptic.
NFM,
NM,
with.
Bashmnric.
Sahidic.
Coptic.
US.
NFMm,
with me.
NFMHl,
NMMAl, MOl,
NFMAK,
NHMAK,
with thee, m.
NFMF,
NMHF,
with thee,
NFMAq, NFMAC,
NMMAq, NMMAC, NMMAN,
NFMAN,
NFMHq, NFMHC,
Oq,
ON,
with him. with her. with us.
NEMHTFN,
NFMODTEN, NFMODOY?
With you.
them.
NMMAYj NCA,
after.
NCCOl, after me. NCtt)K, after thee, m.
NCO), after thee,
him. NCCDC, after her. NCGDN, after NCO)q, after
TFN, TTCO)TH,
after you, S.
f.
NCCDOY;
us.
f.
NCCJD-
after them.
Of Numbers. 18.
by the
The Coptic Numbers are generally expressed letters of the
Alphabet with a line above them,
The Cardinal Numbers.
41
three days. Matt. XII, 40.
& NABOT. four
Chap. VI.
as
f NFgooy,
months.
John IV, 35;
sometimes they are expressed by
words, as qToy-<j)00y, four days. Acts V, 30.
But the
Sahidic numbers are usually expressed by words. 19.
Numbers admit
the articles, and are also found
without them, as TTUB, the the
'two.
Luke
Deut. XVII,
6.
twelve.
Matt. X,
uienN
2. 5.
CNoyt?
niCNAy,
two
tunics.
11.
III,
The Cardinal Numbers. Sahidie.
Coptic.
Masc.
Fein.
oyAi,
oyp.
oyA.
CNAY,
CNoyt,
oycoT CFNTF. CNTF, CNAy,
OjOMT,
OjOMt?
U)OMFrr, U)MN
qjcooy,
qroF,
qrooy,
qroF, qro,
toy,
tH, t,
toy,
+F,
cooy,
CO,
cooy,
coo, COF.
0)MHN,
0>MHNl. X|/IT,
nciTF.
MHT,
MHTF,
oyo)T
s H
1
MFT,
K
Masc.
Fein.
oyFi.
xoycor,
A
MAH,
MAAB. MAB MAABF,
H H
TAioy.
TAIO,
CF,
CF.
;
Chap. VI. The Cardinal Numbers.
42
Sahidic.
Coptic.
Masc.
Masc.
Fern.
O
U)BF
TT
t>AMNF,
q
mcTAy.
P U
&e-
CNAyNiyF.
T
tt)OMTN(yF,
Fein.
U)qF,
gMFNF,
mcTFoyi.
TTCTAIOY, nFCTAioy,
CNAyujF
y x
cooycyp.
\J/
O)
0)0.
0}OCNAy, TBA.
01JA.
20. Tlie following numbers are prefixes to nouns, viz.
O)MT, cyoHT,
///r^, Sah.
qTF, Copt, qroy, qrey, Sah. Sah.
xoyr, Sah.
ten.
HHToyp,
CNoyp, three.
f.
eleven.
Sah. two.
TAqTF. AqTF,
ACF. Sah.
m
1
.
ct*y, Sah. six.
/
numbers:
oyp, Sah.
CNOoyc, CNoyc, m.
CMOOycF.
suffixes to
MNTCNOYC,
twelve.
f.
tyoMT, Sahidic.
Sah. four. TH, TF, Sah.
U)MHN. Copt. (^MMNF,
f.
Sah.
The Bashmuric has the following m. oypi.
MHT.
twenty.
The following are one,
a}HTO)0, Mr^' thousand.
five.
eight.
TACF.
MNTOYF.
variations, oyFFi,
one. O)AMFNT, three. O)A. a thousand.
Chap. VI.
The Ordinal Numbers.
43
The Ordinal Numbers. The
21.
first,
in
ordinal numbers
is
expressed
dif-
ferently from the others; as
Bash.
Sahidic.
Copt. Fern.
Masc.
Fern.
Masc.
eoyi'tj
u)oprr,
(yopm,
cpAppn.
Masc.
Fein.
a) A pni, /&*/.
ojcwpn,
The remaining cardinals are formed by putting Copt, and MFg Sah. and Bash, before the cardinal
22.
rrtMmw MMAgB, the second miracle. John Copt. nMF 0)OMRT, the third. Matt. XXII, 20.
numbers, as 54.
IV,
II,
1.
NOyr NpONtm, in anno secundo, Dan. Luke XII, 38. TMFg CHTF, the second,
^MAg
Sah. t>FN
f.
Coptic.
Sahidic.
.
coy cardinal*
ken
is
Exod. XII, day of the
MFg
Copt,
and
:xn,
Sah.
occur
the ninth
of,
with the cardinal as
hour of the day. Acts X,
NAXR e
pp. Copt, and Sah. part, F,
the fifth
part.
is
5.
used with
Gen. XLI,
34.
MrriF-
MFTNAy Nxrr
3.
COF, about the sixth hour. Sah. Matt. XX.
nipE
with the
day of the month Athor. Zoeg. Sah.
numbers when hours are spoken
^0 oy,
and
coyKF NA60)p, the twenty fifth day of Athor. 3. Copt, NCOyK^ MTTIABOT, the twenty seventh month. Gen. VIII, 4. coyxoyr \}/ic HgAeo>p.
the twenty ninth
Axn
MAg
of
numbers when the days of the month are spo-
as
of,
used instead
numbers, as
oyog G*
44
NXE
Chap. VI. The Ordinal Numbers.
(j)pF
was burnt
r NNIU)O)HN, and up.
Rev. VIII,
Numb. XXVIII,
5.
third part of the trees
(lie
TTpFO)OMNT, the third part, The Copt, has also TFpp, or
7.
Sah.
TFp, and the Sah. rpp. part. oyo)N, more often oyR, and sometimes oyFN, and
oyNF, Sah. a part,
put before numbers,
is
AyAAq Nqrooy Hoyow, oyoycow FmoyA made four parts, a part
noyH Rqrooy, Frh>Y,
oyu)H
rioyA, they
each one, John XIX, 23. Sah.
to
Ezech. V,
fourth part,
the fifth part,
as
Zoeg. Sah.
2.
noyNF
Sah.
noyFN
a)OMiTT, the
third part, Tukius.
npq ing
days,
John XI,
Copt, and Sah. as
A, et
NA
TTF.
rjFqqTOoy rAp
39.
four days he
prefixed to numbers signify-
is
TTF
FTTFqqrooy is
in
Fy gR
the sepulchre, v.
about. Copt,
and Sah. as
about four
it
is
four days.
TITAC))OC,
it is
17. Sah.
about four hundred men, Acts V, 36.
TAlOy FIpOMTTF,
for
Aqroy o)FNpo)MF, Sah, NA qroy OIF
hundred and
fifty
years.
Acts XIII, 20. Sah.
The plural
of
number
repeating the number, hundreds, and by
fifties.
as,
is
occasionally expressed by
KATA pp NFM KATA NN
Mark
VI, 40.
?
by
Of Verbs.
Chap. VII.
CHAP.
45
VII.
Of Verbs. Egyptian verbs have no passive voice differing
23.
from the active,
but the
passive
may be known
AC-0AMIO NXF t-cocfiA FBoAbFN NFC-^BHoyi is
justified
of her works, Matt. XI,
19.
and
were
NXF NFq-CO)TFM,
ears
his
,
thus,
wisdom
oyO
Ayoyo>N Mark opened,
VII, 35. 24.
The passive
more
is
commonly expressed by
the verb in the third person plural of the as
TlFN-pa>Mt
NATTAC AyAttjq
crucified with him.
Rom. VI,
NOq RTF CTF(|)ANOC, Acts XXII, 20. Sah.
the
NFMAq
our old man was
FyNATTGDNg FBoA MTlFCblood of Stephen was shed. 6.
oyog oyMtntu NNoyrmq, and
sign shall he given. Matt. XII, 39.
are buried with him.
,
verb active,
Rom. VI,
no
Ay-KOCFN NFMAq, we
4.
But sometimes the passive voice can only be discovered by the sense of the passage read. But see 25.
further on verbs passive.
The Prefixes and Suffixes The Person.
L
Coptic.
t
2.
m.
2.
f.
K,
TF
The
Prefixes.
X
Verbs.
to
Suffixes.
Sahidic.
t
i
K
K
TF
F
46
Chap. VII.
The Person. 3.
m.
3.
f.
Of Verbs.
The
Prefixes.
Affixes.
Sahidic.
Coptic.
q c
q c
q c
TFN
TN, TFN
N
2.
TETEN
TFTT7,
3.
CF
CF
1.
plur.
Indicative
The
1st
TFN
TFTFN
Mood.
Present Tense.
Singular. Sahidic.
Coptic.
^, I
j-
K,
X
or
am
a?*t,
ni.
do,
K, thou
re
TF, thou
q
q,
he
art,
doiny.
f
is.
Plural. TFN
TR, TFN,
TFTFN
TFTN, TFTl?N,
CF
CF, they
W< ye.
arc.
tire.
The 2nd Present Tense.
Singular. Coptic.
Bash.
Sahidic.
Fl
Fi
FK
FK
El,
/ am,
FK. thou
('.'>i'.
art,
m.
47
Chap. VII. Of Verbs.
FpF
FpF
thou art, he is
;
Fq)
Fqi
Eqi
FC(
Bash.
Sahidic.
Coptic.
/ftf
FpF
FpE
f. '
and
.
FC^
Plural. EN
FN
N,
FTETFN
ETETN
EN,
FTFTEN, ye
FY? oy, FpF
The Imperfect Tense.
Singular. Coptic.
>
,
are.
they are.
Chap. VH.
48
Of Verbs.
Plural. Bash.
Sahidic.
Coptic.
AN
AN
AN, we
ApETFN AY, A
ATETN
ATETN, ye
AY, A
AY? A, they
have. have. have.
The 2nd Perfect Tense.
Singular. Bash.
Sahidic.
Coptic.
FTAI,
NTAl,
FTAl, / have.
FTAK,
NTAK,
ETAK, thou
FTApF,
NTAp,
FT ApF,
ETAq,
|
FTAC,
\
hast,
thou hast,
NTA,
FTA,
m. f.
a.
Plural.
m
ETAN,
WTAN,
ETAN,
FTApBTFN, FTAY, PTA,
NTATFTN,
ETApETEN, ye ETAY,
NTAY,
The Pluperfect Tense.
Singular. Sahidic and Bash.
Coptic.
NE Al NB AK
NE Al
TTF,
TTE,
NE AK
TTF,
/
TTF,
NE ApE TTF, NE Aq HF,
NE ApE TTF, NE Aq TTF,
NF A HE, \ NE AC TTF,
NF A
NE A OF, N ApE nF,
NF A
J
had.
thou, thou,
ill.
f.
he.
T1F,
NE AC
TTE,
TTF,
NE ApF
TTF,
he and
have. tave.
Vn. Of Verbs.
Chap.
49
Plural. Sahidic and Bash.
Coptic.
NF AN
NF AN
FTP,
NF ApFTFN NF Ay TTF,
NF ATETfT
TTF,
NF AY
We.
TTF,
TTF, ye.
TTF,
The Present Tense Indefinite.
Singular. Coptic.
Sahidic.
Bash.
/
am.
u^Al,
OJAI,
0)AK,
(^AK, thou, m.
o)AAF, thou,
f.
Plural.
0)ApFTFN,
0)ATFTR,
U^ATFTFN,
ye.
0)ApF,
The Imperfect Tense Indefinite.
Singular. Coptic.
Sahidic.
NF
NFO)AirfF,
F,
np,j
[NEO)ApF ,^
np,
/
Was.
NF O)AK HF, thou, m. NF O^ApF nF, //W/, f.
,
NF cyAq
(^ Al
NF cyAq np,)NF (nApp 7^he & she. e NE u^Ac np,(
^ ^ l
HF,
7
50
VH. Of
Chap.
Verbs.
Plural. Sahidic.
Coptic.
NP o^AN np, NP OJApPTPN
NP o)AN np, we. NP 0)ATPTN nP, ye. nF, NP tyAy np, NP (yApp np, NP c^Ay np, NpcyApp
np, they.
Singular. Bash.
NP
OIAI np,
/
was.
NP U)AK np, thou, m. NP u^AAp np, thou, f.
NP cyAq NP o)AC
np,
)
>
nP,
** NP ojAAP np, d and *^.
,^
J
Plural. NP O>AN np, w^. NP cyATPTPN np,
.
ye.
NP NP
they.
np,
The Coptic.
1st
Future Tense. Bash.
Sahidic.
/
1~NA,
'J-NP,
vel A,
XNA,
KNA,
KNP,
fA0K,
m.
TPNA,
TPNA,
thou,
f.
qNA,
qNA,
qNP,
CNA,
CNA,
CNP,
shall
he. /<*?.
Plural. TPNNA,
TPNNA, TPNA, TPNNP,
TPTPNNA,
TPTNNA,TPTNA,
CPNA,
CPNA,
CPNP,
vel A, We. ye.
they.
Chap. VH.
Of Verbs.
51
The 2nd Future Tense.
Singular. Bash.
Sahidic.
Coptic.
EINA,
FINA,
AINA
FKNA,
FKNA,
AKNA,
FpENA,
FpENA,
ApFNA,
FqNA,)> ,(
FqNA,) FDF..NA, VEDF..NA, FCNA,
Vel NF, tllOU,
/
shall.
m.
thou,
f.
***
AONA CNA
she.
Plural. HNA, FNNA,
FNNA,
Vel NF, we.
ANNA,
FTFTHNA, FTFTNA, ApFTFNNA, FpFTFNNA, FYNA, OYNA, FYNA, oyNA, AYNA, they. The Prefixes Copt, are
AKNA, ApFNA,
sometimes
ye.
written
AINA,
etc.
The 3rd Future Tense.
Singular. Bash.
Sahidic.
Coptic.
/ shall
FIF,
FIF,
F1F,
FKF,
FKF,
FKF, thou, m.
FpF,
FpF, thou
v
,
EpF, FCF,(
f.
EOF,
>EPF, he and she. '
'
ECF,(
Plural. FNF,
FNF,
FNF, We.
FpETENF,
ETETNF,
FTFTHF,
FyE, EpF,
EYE, FpF,
F,
FpF,
ye.
they.
7*
52
Chap. VII.
Of Verbs.
The 4th Future Tense.
Singular. Coptic.
Chap. VH.
Of Verbs.
53
Plural. Sahidic.
Coptic.
NANNA
NFNNA
TTF,
NApFTFNNA ,
TTF, We.
NETFTNA
TTF,
NApF..NA
TTF,
TTF, ye.
NEyNA, NFpF..NA HF,
they.
Bash.
NANNF
HF, W^.
NApETFNNF ,
TTF, ye.
NApFNF
HF, they.
The Subjunctive Mood.
Singular. Bash.
Sahidic.
Coptic.
that
I.
NTA,
HTA,
NTA,
NTFK,
NT,
Nr, thou, m.
NTF,
NTF,
thou,
f.
he.
NTF,
,
PC,
J
NFC, NC,
\
Plural. we.
NTFN,
NTH,
NTN,
NTFTFN,
HTETf^,
NTFTN,
NTOy, NTF,
RCF, RTF,
NCF, NTF,
ye. they.
54
Chap. VII.
Of Verbs.
The Optative Mood.
Singular. Bash.
Sahidic.
Coptic.
MApl,
MApt,
MAAl, / may,
MApFK,
MApFK,
MAAFK,
MApF,
MApF,
MAAF,
m.
thou,
thou,
f.
L I,
MADFO,
\
MAAFq,
)
'
1
\
MApFC, ),
MApF,
\
MApFC,
\
MApF,
]
MAAFC,
she.
Plural. we.
MApFN,
MApFT,
MAAFN,
MApFTFN,
MApFTfl,
MAAFTFN,
MApoy, MApF,
MApoy, MApF,
MAAoy, MA^F,
ye. they.
The Imperative Mood.
Singular and Plural. A,
Api.or MA, or the root
itself.
The Infinitive Mood. F or N or the root
itself.
Participles. ,
TTFKXIN,TTFqXN
&C. OrTTXtNTA, TTXINTFK,
HXlNTq &C
The verb TAKO, to destroy, is given with the augments, to convey a more clear idea of their position.
Chap. VII.
Of Verbs.
Indicative
The
55"
Mood.
Present Tense.
1st
Singular. Sahidic.
Coptic.
f-TAKO,
I am
'f'-TAKO,
destroying.
K-T AKO, thou art destroying, m.
TE-TAKO, thou art destroying, he
q-TAKO,
is
C-TAKO, she
f.
destroying:
is
destroying.
Plural. Sahidic.
Coptic.
TEN-TAKO,
TH, or TFN-TAKO
TETEN-TAKO,
TETN, or TETEN-T AKO,ytf are destroy ing.
CETAKO,
CE-TAKO, they are destroying.
,
we are
destroying.
The 2nd Present Tense.
Singular. Coptic.
Bashmuric.
Sahidic.
I am
El-TAKO,
El-TAKO,
El-TAKO,
EK-TAKO,
EK-TAKO,
EK-TAKO,
EpE-TAKO,
EpE-TAKO,
E^E-TAKO,
V
EC
f 1 \j t\ TAKO,
I
>
w * \t f\
TAKO,
FC-
i
1
Eq1
thou,
m.
thou,
TAKO,
f.
he.
EC-
TAKO,
TAKO,
destroying, OH
TAKO,
she.
Plural. EN-TAKO,
R,or EN-TAKO, EN-TAKO,
n)C.
ETETEN-TAKO,ETETN-TAKO, ETETEN-TAKO, ye. Ey-
oyEpE-
TAKO,
oyEpE-
TAKO, Oy-
}
TAKO,
they.
56
Of Verbs.
Chap. VII.
The Imperfect Tense. S
ngu
a
1
r.
Bashmuric.
Sahidic.
Coptic.
NAl-TAKO
i
NFl-TAKO
TTF,
TTF,
NAl-TAKO
TTF.
/
TTF,
thou,
NAK-TAKO HP,
NFK-TAKO HF,
NAK-TAKO
NApP-TAKO NAq- )
NFpF-TAKO
NApF-TAKO
TTF,
Npq-
XTAKOTTF,
NAC-
)
>
NFC-
TAKO
TTF,
I-*. TAKO HF, I
NAC-
}
TAKO
NAq-
TTF,
)
)
TTF,
TAKO
was.
thou,
f.
nF, he.
TAKO
HF, she.
NAN-TAKO
HP, we.
V
m.
Plural. NAN-TAKO
NFN-TAKO HF,
TTF,
NApFTFN-TAKOnF,NPTFTN-TAKO n NFY- ) NAY- ) NAY-
TAKO
HF,
The
J^
1st
TAKO
TTF,
Perfect Tense.
Singular. Coptic.
)
}
TAKO
HP, they.
Chap. VII.
.
Of Verbs.
57
Plural.
AN-TAKO,
AN-TAKO,
ApETEN TAKO, ATETN-TAKO, AY-J v
>
A-
(
Bashmuric.
Sahidic.
Coptic.
A-y
TAKO,
TAKO, A-
AN-TAKO,
ATETH-TAKO, AY-J A-
TAKO,
(
The 2nd Perfect Tense.
Singular. Coptic.
We. ye.
they.
58
Chap. VII.
Of Verbs. Sahidic.
Coptic.
NE Aq-/ > TAKO WE A- J 1
NE Aq-/ > NE A- } '
TTE,
'
Chap. VII.
Of Verbs.
59
.
The Imperfect Tense Indefinite.
Singular. Sahidic.
Coptic.
/
NE 0)Al-TAKO TTF, NF 0}AK-TAKO TTF,
NF U)Al-TAKO NE O^AK-TAKO
NE 0)ApF-TAKO HE, NF (WAq-
NE CyApF-TAKO HE, ME 0)Aq-
/
>
NF
0)ApF-J
NE
0)ACV
NE
TAKO
TTF,
TAKO
HE,
TTF,
WttS.
M0W, m.
TTF,
thou,
NF
(^ApE-^
NF
0)AC-
NE
0)ApE-J
Plural. NE 0)AN-TAKO HE, NF 0)ApFTFN TAKO NF
NE 0AE-
TAKO
NF tt)AN-TAKO HE, W^. HE, NE CpATFTiT-TAKO HE, ye
TTF,
>
NF
TAKO
HE,
Singular. Bashmuric.
NE 0)Al-TAKO NE OJAK-TAKO
HE, / was. HE, ^<W, m.
NE 0)AAE-TAKO HE, ^OW, NF
f.
NF NE 0)AC NF (^AA
Plural. NF 0)AN-TAKO HE, W^. NF 0)ATETEN-TAKO HE, NE >
NE
TAKO
HE. they.
8*
f.
60
Chap. VII.
The
1st
Of Verbs.
Future Tense.
Singular. Coptic.
Bashmuric.
Sahidic.
^NA-TAKO,
'fNA-TAKO,
^NA, ^NE-TAKO, I shall.
XNA-TAKO,
KNA-TAKO,
KNE-TAKO,
TENA-TAKO/
TENA-TAKO,
qNA-TAKO,
qNA-TAKO,
qNE-TAKO,
he.
CNATAKO,
CNA-TAKO,
CNE-TAKO,
she.
thou,
m.
thou,
f.
Plural. TENNA- ) TENNA-TAKO,
TETENNATAKO, CENA-TAKO,
TENA-
TENNA-)
TAKO,
>
or
TETNN A-
\
TETHA-
\
>
TAKO,
TAKO,
we.
CENA-TAKO,
ye.
CENE-TAKO,
The 2nd Future Tense.
Singular. Coptic.
>
TENNE-)
)
they.
Chap.
VH. Of
61
Verbs.
Plural. Bashmuric.
Sahidic.
Coptic.
ANNA-
ENNA-)
ENNA-TAKO,
>
NNA-
TAKO,
ANNE-
\
)
V
or
WC.
TAKO,
)
EDETENNA-TAKO,
ETETNN2 ETETNNA-) VTAKO, ADETENNA-TAKO, ye. ETETNA- } ETETHA-
PVNA-) EYNA-i
EYNA-)
>
TAKO,
TAKO,
EYN A-TAKO,
they.
OYNA-J
The 3rd Future Tense.
Singular. Coptic.
Bashmuric.
Sahidic.
ElE-TAKO,
ElE-TAKO,
ElE-TAKO, /
EKE-TAKO,
EKF-TAKO,
EKE-TAKO,
thou,
m.
EpE-TAKO,
EpE-TAKO,
EpE-TAKO,
thou,
f.
EGE-j
EOF-)
TAKO,
TAKO,
\
shall.
TAKO,
he.
*pM ECE-
ECE-i
TAKO,
TAKO,
ECF-) >
TAKO,
she.
EpE
EpE-J
Plural. we.
ENE-TAKO,
ENE-TAKO,
ENE-TAKO,
EpETENE-TAKO,
ETETNE-TAKO,
ETETNE-TAKO,
EYE-
TAKO,
TAKO, EpE-
EpE
TAKO,
ye.
they.
62
Chap. VII.
Of Verbs.
The 4th Future Tense.
Singular. Bashmuric.
Sahidic.
Coptic.
TA-
TA-TAKO, /
TAKO,
TA-TAKO,
shall
TAplthou,
TApFK-TAKO,
TFpATAKO,
TFpA-TAKO,
TFpA-TAKO,
m.
thou,
TApEq-TAKO,
he.
TApEC-TAKO,
she.
f.
Plural. we.
TApH-TAKO,
TAAFTFN-TAKO,
TApFTN-TAKO,
TApoy-TAKO,
ye. they.
The Imperfect Future.
Singular. Bashmuric.
Sahidic.
Coptic.
MAINE-
NAINA'TAKO,
NFINA-TAKO,
or
VTAKO, 1 should.
NAINA-
NAKNA-TAKO,
)
>
NApENA
j
NAKNF-TAKO,
/fl0W,
m.
NFpFNA-TAKO, HApFNE-TAKO, thou, f. NEQNANAqNE> TAKO, > TAKO, he. NApENF- \ NEpFNA- J NFCNA- ) NACNF- ) > TAKO, she. TAKO, > TAKO. NEpENA- ( NApENE, (
NApFNA-TAKO, NAONA> TAKO, NApFNA-\ NACNA/
NEKNA-TAKO,
/
/
Chap. VII.
Of Verbs.
63
Plural. Coptic.
NANNA-TAKO,
Sahidic.
NENNA-TAKO,
Bashmuric.
NANNE-TAKO,
we.
NApETENNA-TAKO, NETETNA-TAKO, NApETENNE-TAKO,y TAKO, VTAKO, }TAKO, thei/. NApENE- ] NEpENA- \ NApENA-I- \ <
\
The Subjunctive Mood.
Singular. Coptic.
Chap. VH.
64
Of Verbs.
The Optative Mood.
Singular. Bashmuric.
Sahidic.
Coptic.
MApl-TAKO,
MApl-TAKO,
MAAl-TAKO, / may.
MApEK-TAKO,
MApBK-TAKO,
MAAEK TAKO,
MApB-TAKO,
MApE-TAKO,
MAAE-TAKO,
MApEq1
MApEq1
-
}
TAKO,
MApB-
J
MAOEC-) >
MApE-
}
TAKO,
\
MAAFC
MApEC-i
TAKO,
[
MApE-
^
1
MAAF-
TAKO,
MAAE-
}
}
thou,
thou,
f.
TAKO,
he.
TAKO,
she.
^ )
> (
Plural. MAAEN-TAKO,
MApH-TAKO,
MApEN-TAKO,
we.
MApETEN-TAKO, MApETN-TAKO, MAAETEN-TAKO, ye. MApov-j MApoy-) MAAoy-) \ TAKO, > TAKO, > TAKO. they. MAAEMApE- ) MApE- \ ,
,
The Imperative Mood.
Singular and Plural. A-TAKO,
Apt-TAKO, destroy.
MA-TAKO,
TAKO,
^
The Infinitive Mood. E-TAKO,
N-TAKO,
TAKO,
to
destroy.
Of Verbs.
Chap. VII.
65
Participles. Bashmuric.
Sahidic.
Coptic.
XIN,
XIN,
TTAXIN or rrxiNTA,
na^in,
TTAXIN,
TTFK<MN,
17FKXIN,
,
&c.
nFq&N,
That these are participles bic,
neqxiN, &c.
&c. is
evident from the Ara-
with which they correspond. Participles. 26.
The
the
fore
participles are
prefixes
to
the
FT or F0, beThere are also some
formed by
verbs.
F,
peculiar forms of participles, which end in
ooyr, Sah. and AoyT, Bash. ToyBHoyT, Copt. MCOOYT, Copt, and MAoyr, Bash.
nyr, Sah. as
HOyr, Copt,
oaoyT,
Copt,
Verbs united with particles expressive The
particles FTP, Copt.
of time.
HTFpF, Sah. when.
Singular. Coptic.
Bashmuric.
Sahidic.
FTAl,
NTFpl, NTFpEl,
FTAK,
NTFpFK,
FTApF,
FTAq)
HTFpF, v
HTFDFq,
^> FTADF,
FTAC^
)
>
RTFpFC,
\
NTFDF,
FTAl, NTFAF1,
66
Chap. VII.
Of Verbs.
Plural. Bashmuric.
Sahidic.
Coptic.
STAN,
NTFpFN,
FTAN,
FTApFTFN,
NTFpFTN,
FTATFTFN,
HTFpOy,
NTF?Voy, NTF?VEy.
FTApF,
Verbs with the particles U)ATF, Copt. O)ANTF, Sah. until.
Singular. Sahidic.
Coptic.
O^ATFK,
UJANTK,
U)ATF,
OJANTF,
Bashmuric.
(OATF, '
0)ATFC,j
Plural. U)ATFN,
0)ANTN,
0)ATFTFN,
CyANTFTH,
,
(9ATF,
(J)ANTOy, U)ANTF,
Verbs with the particle FNF or
FN,
if.
Singular. Sahidic.
Coptic.
FNA1, FNFAl HF,
FNFl
FNAK, FNFAK
FNFK
FNApF
HF,
FFF, TTF,
FNFpF
HF,
FNAO, FNApF HF,
FMFq,) 1 V
FNAC, FNF.
A
TTF,
FNFC,
HF,
FNFpF HF,
J
Plural. FNAN
TTF,
FNApFTFW TTF, FNAy, FNApF TTF,
FNFN HF, ENFTFTN
HF,
ENFy, FNEpF HF.
Chap. VII.
Of Verbs.
67
Verbs with the particle U)AN,
if,
when.
Singular. Bashmuric.
Sahidic.
Coptic.
EIU)AN,
AKO)AN,
EKU)AN,
EDO) AN,
Plural. ANO)AN,
ETETNCyAN, ApEO)AM,
Verbs with the particle NUTATE, before.
Singular. Sahidic.
Coptic.
MTTATEK,
MHATK,
MHATF,
RnATF, 1
MHATF,
V
MRATE,
Plural. MTTATFN,
RHATN,
AnATETEN,
MHATETH,
HTTATOY, MHATE,
RnATOy, RHATE.
68
Chap. VII.
Of Verbs.
The Tenses. The The
27.
Present Tense.
1st
1st Present
Tense
lowing prefixes to the root, N, oy, or p, thou art, m.:
TEN, S.
C.
TEN, TK,
thy tribulation,
Luke XVI,
18. Sah.
^ I am,
TF
formed by adding the K, or
thou art,
we are; TFTEN,
ye are; CF, they are.
I know
9.
S.
is
Thus,
Rev.
XF q
II, 9.
MM Ay
f.
xCopt, before :
C.
q,
he
A,
M,
is; c, she
is;
TFTFN, or TFTN, MTTEKgOX^FX,
't'CCDOYN
qo HNOFlK, that he
fol-
is
an adulterer,
is
there.
John XII,
Sah.
The 2nd Present Tense. The 2nd Present Tense has the following
28. as, Ei,
/ am; FK, thou
he
FC or FpF, she
is:
art,
is;
m. FpF, thou FN, Copt.
art,
FN or
?T,
prefixes,
pq or FpF, Sah. we are;
f.;
FTFTFN, FTFTN, ye are; Fy, oy or FpF, they are. 29. The second person f. is FpF, (Bash. pAp,) but before vowels it is written pp, and occasionally, FpA, as pppipp, Zoeg.
p.
?nad; S.
Ming. 258. Fpoypu}, thou wilt ; S. 509. Sometimes it is written p pAoBF, thou art
thou doest;
S.
Acts XII, 15. The Bash, corresponds as pAcooyN,
thou knowest, Zoeg. 151. sing,
and
plur. is
pppthe prefix of the third persons always separated from the verb, by the
noun or some other word, as ppp noygwr MOK#, their heart was a/fl. ctcd, Matt.XXVI.22. ppp oyNia^'f rap N^OX-
gFX
(yo)TTl,
30.
for great tribulation shall
The Prefix ppp appears
as to time.
be.
Matt,
XXIV,
21.
to be almost indefinite
Of Verbs.
Chap. VII.
The
31. is
third
oyMoyt
T
Fy, but after
is
person plural
written oy, as (J)HFT
69
Fpoq, when they
it
call.
Matt. XXVII, 22.
F
the
is
of the participle present as FCO>
sign
XNOK oycgiMi NCAMAprrwc,
to drink,
I
F
being (OVOK)
woman of Samaria, John IV, 9. F ANON gFNpa)MF NgptoMAlOC. F MN NOBF EpON, we being men Romans, a
not being a fault in
us.
Sah. Acts XVI, 37.
The following examples will serve to show the prefixes of the 2nd present tense, as, ANOK &F FI #N TFTMMHTF, but I am among you, Luke XXII, 27. Sah. 32.
FK g l TFglH NRMAq,
thou
art in
Matt. V, 25. Sah. Fq gN" TTTF,
is in
the
way
with
him.
heaven. Matt. VI, 10.
Sahidic.
33.
The
prefixes of this tense also express the pre-
AqNAy FoypCDMi FqgFMCt, he saw Matt. IX, 9. Niit> 2vE NAy^S tpoq ne
sent participle, as,
a man
sitting,
FyxcoMMOC,
and
the
besought him
devils
saying,
Matt.
VIII, 31.'
Imperfect Tense. 34.
following
The Imperfect Tense the
to
particles
is
formed by prefixing the
root, NAI.
1 was; NAK, thou
NAq.or NApF, he was; NAC Plur. NAN, we were; NApFTFN, ye or NApF, she was. The Sahidic is NFl, were-, NAy or NApF they were. wast, m.
NApF, thou
wast,
f.
?
NFK, NFpF,
NFq
or NFpF,
NFTFTN, NFy or NFpp.
NFC
Or NFpF.
PllU'.
Sometimes the Sahidic
ten without the F, as, Nq, NC, NN,
etc.
is
NFN, writ-
70 35.
The Imperfect Tense has
ing the verb, -as,
oyog NAq^CBO)
VII, 14. NFqcyooTT FIE F
NAqbcoNT &E
Sah.
1.
I,
Of Verbs.
Chap. VII.
was near, John XI, 55.
or
and
the
TTE TTITTACXA.
John
taught,
word was, John
and
the Passover
&F NEqAgFpArq HE ReoA,
Sah.
NEpE
TIE,
nAoroc,
he stood without, John XVII,
NApE
FIE frequently follow-
Sah.
16
is
but
generally
separated from
the verb, and usually occurs before the nominative pre-
ceding
it,
NApE WMA9HTHC eoyHT,
as
were assembled, John XX, 19.
N TCO)U)E, and XXII, 25. Sah.
S.
the
NEpE npqNOCT
greater son was in the
his
The Bashmuric
will
disciples
fcE
FuywpE
Luke
field,
probably be written
occasionally
The 36.
1st
The Prefixes
AK, thou, m.
ApE
Perfect Tense.
to the 1st Perfect
or Ap, thou,
she; Plur. AN, we;
f.
Aq ApETEN. ATETN,
Tense are AI,
AC
or A, he;
Saliidic, ye;
/;
or A,
Ay
or
A, they. 37.
found
oAq,
When A
occurs
composition
before the nominative to the verb, as the spirit took Jesus,
Jesus said to him. Sah. the
in
Jews
rose,
THC xoroy, XXVI, 22. 38.
Matt. IV,
Mark XIV,
72.
Acts XVIII, 12. Sah. things which
those
Although A
1.
A
it
is
THC tc
usually
A nirrHA
xooc NAq,
A FTloy^Ai Ta)oyN, NHET A NinpO(|)H-
the Prophets said, Acts
used instead of the Prefixes Aq, occurs also with them; as, A TAO)EpE
AC and Ay, yet it Achd)HT E(j)MOyj my
is
daughter hath approached to death,
Chap. VII.
Of Verbs.
71
A nc AT AM AC Aqu)FNAq pboyN FngHT
Mark. V, 23.
NloykAC, Satan entered into the heart of Judas. Luke XXII, 3. XF A gHAiAc oyu> Aqpi, that Ellas hath now come. Matt. XVII, 12. Sah.
The 2nd Perfect Tense. The 2nd Perfect Tense
39.
NT
Copt, and all
FT
distinguished by
being added to the
Sah.
the persons,
is
first
except that the 2 pers.
in
perfect,
fern,
is
NTAp,
instead of
HTApF. The NTA,
40.
A
as the
position
is
found in the same position in com-
in the first
perfect, thus;
NT A
ic
&F xooc FTBF, hut Jesus spoke concerning, John XI, 13. Sah. FNFMl XF TTXU ETAqTO)Nq FBOA^FN NHFTMtDOyT, we know
that Christ hath risen
The Prefixes are
41.
and sometimes
that,
XF,
Rom. VI,
the dead.
from
9.
often found after the particle
FNF.
after
if;
and AAAA.
hut.
But the NT must not be confounded with NT, who, which.
The Pluperfect Tense. The Pluperfect Tense
42.
NF
auxiliary verb
NF Al
TTF,
NF Aq
or
TTF,
we;
A
TTF to the prefixes
NF AK TTF,
he;
TTF.
NF AC or A
as,
Luke
of the perfect, as
NF ApF
thou, m.;
NF ApFTFN or ATFTN,
nF, they;
TTF,
TTF,
thou,
she; Plur.
TTF, ye.
S.
NF AN
NF Ay
NF AqppgHTC NplKi np, had begun
f.;
or
A
to de-
HioykAi NF Aypv TTE O^A MApeA, Jews had come to Martha, John XI, 19 Sah. NF Ay-
cline,
the
//
formed by adding the
is
IX,
12.
NAy TAp Fpoq Twpoy
HF, for
all
had
seen
him,
Mark
72
Chap. VII.
This Tense
VI, 50.
is
Of Verbs.
also found
VHC kF Aqi FBoA, Jesus had gone
without the
TTF,
as,
John V, 13. TAI &F NE ACOyAgc NCA TTAY^oc, ##
The Present Tense Indefinite. 43. This Tense EO)
in
the
formed by adding
is
a),
and sometimes
Sahidic to the Perfect Tense,
as
o)Ai,
/;
u)AK, thou, in.; O)ApE or o)Ap, ^0w, f. u)AAE, B. o^Aq or u)ApF, (yAAp, B. he; C^AC or o)ApF, o)AAF, B. A-//^; Plur. (yAN, we; U)ApFTFN, OiATFTFf, S. y^; U)Ay or
(^ApF, O)AAp, Bash. they. This Tense sometimes
expresses
the
present,
and
sometimes the perfect.
The Imperfect Tense Indefinite. 44.
The Imperfect Tense
the preceding hy
ONgq Luke
TTF,
VIII,
adding NE to
it,
as
formed from
oyog NF O^AYC-
and they had hound him, or he was hound. 29.
NF cyAqoY)M
did eat with the gentiles. Gal at.
The 45.
Indefinite is
1st
The Prefixes
II,
NEM NIFGMOC,
he
12.
Future Tense.
to the first
Bash, with the Prefixes of the
K or XNA,
TTF
Future are
first
NA
or
Present Tense,
NF as,
TENA, qNA. CNA, she; Plur. TENNA, TENA, Sah. we; TFTFNNA, TFf^NA, /;
thou, m.;
thou,
f.
;
he;
TFiNA, Sah. ye; CENA, they; thus: ECF niA(|)OT EfNAcoq. to drink the cup which I shall drink? Matt. XX, 22.
Chap.
VH. Of Verbs.
TFTNAgMOOC gcoTTHyTH,
ye
73
also shall
sit.
Matt. XIX,
28. Sahidic.
The 2nd Future Tense. The
46.
NA
NE Bash, united with
or
Present Tense, EINA, or FpENA. he;
EqNA
or FTNA. Sah.
or
EyNA he
of the
characteristics
will
we-,
oyNA,
/;
the Prefixes of the second
EKNA,
ECNA
EpETENNA
second Future are
thou, m.;
EpENA,
thou,
or
f.;
ENNA
or EpENA, she; Plur.
ETETNNA, ETETNA, Sah.^?;
they; thus:
EqNAMOoajE Rrorq RpATq, XX, 13. Sah. XEKAC 20)TTHyTH
yo on foot. Acts
ETETNAniCTEyE, that ye might believe. John XIX, 35. oyo mcyAoA ET oyNAEpBODK, and the nation that
Sah. they
shall serve, Acts VII, 7.
47.
sing. Sah.
fern.
occurs thus,
These Prefixes do not always express the Fu-
EpNA. ture,
The second person
for instance
they express the present participle,
TTETpOC MN KOgANNHC EyNABCDK EgOyN E Peter and John entering into the Tempk, Acts III,
TTEpTTF,
Sah.
3.
and with #INA they express the Subjunctive Mood.
as,
The Coptic has sometimes AINA, AKNA, ApENA
etc.
if he might find
any
gApA AqNAXEM
thing upon
Mark
it,
#Al glU)TC,
XI,
13.
The 3rd Future Tense. 48.
The Prefixes of the third Future.
The Prefixes
of this Tense are EIE, I; EKE, thou, m.;
EqE or EpE, ENE, we; EpETENE, ETETNE. EpE, thou,
f.
;
he;
ECE or FpE,
she;
Plur.
Sah. ye; EyE, EpE, they; thus: 10
74
Chap. VII.
Of Verbs.
FCFMici Noyo)Hpi FyFMOyf- FTTFqpAN she forth a son and they shall call his name. Matt.
shall bring
.
mpcoMi XA TTFqicoT NFM TFqMAy TOMq FTFqcgtMl. a man shall leave
I,
23.
FpF
wccoq oyo^ FqFhis father and his
mother, and shall cleave to his wife. Matt. XIX,
5.
This Tense sometimes expresses the Optative Mood,
TEXApiC FCFU)(JDTTF NMMAN, grace be with us, 2. John Sah. XFKAC FpF oypo>Mi NOycoT MOy. that one man
as, 5.
should
die,
John XI,
50.
The 4th Future Tense. 49.
met
The Prefixes
with,
TAOyAgT 19. Sah. conceive,
but we may
to
this
Tense
are
very seldom
note a few examples,
Pco)K. Master, 1
will 'follow thee.
as,
Matt. VIII,
oy03 gwnnF TFpAFpBOKl, and behold thou Luke I, 31. TFpANAy Fncooy M^t, thou
shalt shalt
John XI, 40. TApnpNOBF XF HTHOJOOTT AN gA TTNOMOC. shall we sin because we are not under the law? Rom. VI, 15. Sah. OJINF TApFTFKfiNF. see the glory of God.
TO)gH TApoyoycoN NHTN, they shall open to you. Luke
ye shall
seek,
XI,
9.
find;
knock,
Sah.
The Imperfect Future Tense. 50. This Tense contains the Prefixes to the imperfect,
and
NA
NAINA, NFINA.
NFpFNA;
NAMOy NApF
the /;
Sah. thou,
characteristic
NAKNA, NFKNA, f.;
etc.
the
future,
as,
Sah. thou, m.;
often with TIE.
np, and she was about
TTIXOI
of
to die,
NApFNA, oyog eAi NACLuke VIII, 42.
TAp NAglOyi MOFqAOyiN FMMAy,
for
Of Verbs.
Chap. VH. the
was
ship
to cast out
her burden
NApFTFNNATHiTOY NHi me. Galat. IV, 15.
my
75 there.
Acts XXI,
ye would have given them
TTF,
NFYNAMIO^F
TTF
N
3,
to
NA2Y nF P HTTH C,
John XVIII, 36. Sah.
servants would fight,
The Subjunctive Mood. The Prefixes
51.
^tf;
fTTN, Sah. Wd;
Mood
are
NTA, NTFq, NTF,
NTF.
NP, Sah. thou, m.;
NTF. Sah.
to this
/;
NTFK,
thou, f.; NC[, NFq, NTF. Sah. HTF, Plur. ^
NTFTFN. RTFTF, Sah.y^; NTOYj NTF, RCF,
NTF, Sah. M^y. This cedes
it,
Mood
follows the tense of the verh that pre-
whether of the present Tense, the Imperfect,
the Perfect, or the Future,
WCFNOI AN
,
they heard a
Sah. Acts IX, 7.
as,
NFYCCOTH MN FTFCMH
voice,
but they understood not,
CFNAnApAkikOY Ftnoq F TOOTOY NHshall deliver him into the hands
pO)HF NCFMOOYTCj. they of men, they shall
kill him.
Matt. XVII, 22. Sah.
Also FTpEqAi\F NqgMOOC iTOY)Tq, that he would ascend and sit with him. Sah. Acts VIII, 31. FGpOYcyE
FboYN,
that they went
Acts XIV,
1.
gR
TTTFYCCOTH Fpoq AY<W NCFNAY MMAFIN FNFqFipF MMODOY, when they heard and saw the miracles which he did. Acts IX, 6. Sah.
gR
TTTpACUO},
in,
when I
cry. Ps. IV, 3. Sah.
After the Particles giNA, C^AN. goucre, XF, XFKAC,
HwnoTF
etc.,
it
is
the
Subjunctive;
FMI, that ye may know. Matt. IX,
as,
#INA NTFTFN
6.
10*
76
Of Verbs.
Chap. VII.
The Optative Mood.
Mood
52. This
has
MAp
added to the Prefixes of
the second Present Tense, as, MApi, /; thou,
MApF, Plur.
MApFN,
he;
MApFq, MApF,
f.;
MApTI. Sah. roe;
MApOy, MApE,
they;
thus,
MApEK.
thou, m.;
MApFC. MApF,
MApFTFN. MApFTH.
MApF
TTAl A<|>OT
she;
Sah.ye;
CFNT,
this
MApFqNAgMFq MA-
cup pass from me. Matt. XXVI, 39.
ppqToyxoq, let him deliver him, lei him save him, Psalm XXII, 8. The Bashmuric has MAApq, MAAFN, etc. The Imperative Mood. 53.
The Imperative Mood
without any Prefix,
itself
CMOy,
as,
is
COTTFM, hear
praise thou, praise ye; or
before the root,
as,
sick,
bear witness of
Matt. X, the
it
thou,
hear ye;
takes A, Api, or
AN Ay oyo# ApFg FpCDTFN,
keep you, Luke XII, 15. heel the
expressed by the root
evil,
see,
MA and
NHFTO)0)Ni Apuj>Abpi Fpouoy, 8.
A
ApiMHrpE
TTATTFeooy,
John XVIII, 23. Sah. Api(J)MFyi
NFMCDTFN, remember, as he spoke with you, Luke XXIV, 6. (])Ai &F XpiFMi, and know this, Luke
M^pwt FTAqcAXi
XII, 39. AXOC, Copt. AXIC, Sah. say, say ye;
AAi, take, from pA; AAoK, Zoeg.
ye her, John XII,
7.
p.
AMOy, come;
520. AAo)TH, suffer
Sah. from Ao. ANt, bring, from
FN
etc.
The Infinitive Mood. 54.
The
by the root fixed,
as,
Infinitive
itself,
Mood
is
sometimes
but more frequently
EyKcotflCA CAXI NFMAq,
it
expressed
has F or N pre-
seeking
to
speak
Of Verbs.
Chap. VII.
Luke
with him,
he sent him
to
XII, 46. thus,
AqTAoyoq FCMoy FpcuTFN, III, 26. oyog All FfTFCHT
Acts
bless you,
FNAgMOy, and I
77
down
have come
Acts
deliver them,
to
AqppgHTC Ngioyi FBcA, he began to cast Luke XIX, 45. oyog MHF z\\ U)*:FMXOM NFpoyo), VII, 34.
one could answer,
no
NcyAXF, and began
to
XXII, 46.
Ayo) AyApXEl
speak.,
Acts
Sahidic.
II,
4.
my
burial, Sah.
Sap. 793.
E
is
Matt.
XXVI,
used to
also
as a sign of
F TTKOCT, nyog TO twatptdaai
as
Infinitive,
verbs epF, rpp, Sah.
find
Matt.
The Coptic takes n before the verb the
out,
12. TTCoyo>Nr, TO
express
as,
the
to
fie,
hifaraaOal
Infinitive with the
XpFTFNFpFTFN FepoyXA oy-
asked them to pCDMi NO)TFN FBoA NppqhcDTFB, ye have release a murderer to you, or that they mould etc., Acts III,
14.
ETpEYApF
should keep
etc.,
to
Fpoq,
Acts XII,
4.
ooi noirpai, Acts XXII, 10.
keep him,
FepEKAiToy, ETpFq'f
TTTRA, to give repentance to Israel,
or that they to
do them,
NOyMFTANFA M-
Sah. Acts
V, 31.
NA-'
NOyC NAN to
E9pE NIF0NOC CO)TFM FOICAXI, gentiles to
hear the word, or should hear the tvord, Acts
We may
here remark that XIN
and epF are thus
construed,
7T(>6g
TO neiOeoOai avTovg,
obey
us,
or that they
TTXiNTOyTACGO, turning,
CMOVOat, ra edvr),
Luke
II,
the
XV,
7.
the sign of action
EnxiNToyccDTEM NCO>N,
Copt.
may obey
ETpEyccDTH NAN, to us, James III, 3. bFN
aV TUJ vnooT()(psir> avTovg, in their re-
43.
78
Chap. Vn.
Of Yerbs.
The Participles. 55.
The
of the Present Tense
Participles
pressed by the Prefixes of the
ex-
2nd Present Tense,
he prayed, saying, Matt.
Fqxo)MMOC,
are
NToyA(j)F Fyxo)MMOC, Wa99^n9
XXVI,
their heads,
as,
39.
say-
ing, Matt. XXVII, 39.
FqMOocyp Ayo> Fqxiqoo"c Fqcnoy and kaping, praising God, Acts III, 8. S. ETTNOyTF, walking are
Participles
cl de
expressed by the Prefixes of
and the Future with the relative pronoun
the Perfect prefixed,
also
as,
Necuoy AF FTAycouTFM
Ayt&oy
M(J>t,
doerbi> TOV xvqiov, and they hearing,
axuaavreg,
or (when they heard) glorified God, Acts XXI, 20.
FTAqqAl &F NNFqBAA Fna))l, and lifting up his eyes, John VI, 5. oyog NHF9NACO)TFM F>FO)Nb, and those hearing (oi dxouottvrtg) shall
live,
John V, 25. F9NATAKO, perituram,
John VI, 27. Participles
are
also
formed by prefixing F
signs of the Perfect Tense, as,
Matt.
X,
5.
FAyfeATT,
the
FAqgONgFN, nayayysikag, Acts XIII, 27.
xywavTeg,
FATFTFNFp^HTC ICXFN T^HH, Jerusalem, Luke XXIV, 47.
to
d()%d{iwoi, beginning
from
The Potential Mood. 56.
The Letter
a),
(FO) Sahitic.)
is
often
met with
between the Prefixes and verbs, being the sign of the Potential
Mood.
It
is
found connected with the pre-
formants of the Indicative Mood, and the Negative Prefixes,
but
is
most frequently united with those of the
Of Verbs.
Chap. VII.
Future Tenses, thus:
EM
MTTIXOI
save the
vessel there, ,
NAycoo~Ni XE Apwoy CENAOJNOthey took counsel whether they could
EMAy,
nETNAEO^TAyoc
79
Acts XXVII, 39.
who can
declare
his
TEqrENEA NlM generation,
Acts
NNAEtt)oyxAt N^HTq, del afodfjvai, by which we can be saved, Acts IV, 12. Sah. EyxcDMMOC
VIII,
Sah.
33.
NAq XE HIM E0NAU)NOgEM, saved? Mark X, 26.
who can be
saying to him,
Of the Prefix O)0y. 5-7.
M. Quatremere says
that cyoy,
fore verbs serves to indicate that
done,
it
detre coupee." gnus,
gcuc
as,
how worthy
It efendit
In composition
it
ought to be
"AqToyTcoN rsq-
sa main, qui eut merite
appears to express
di-
^ANcyoyMFNpiToy NE NFKMANcyconi,
to be loved (lovely}
are thy tabernacles, Psalm
kAyik nioypo fricyoyTAioq, David the king, worthy to be honoured. Prec. Copt. MS. p. 277, 284 etc.
LXXXIII, very
that a thing
merits to be done; as
xix FBoA NcyoycoAnc,
when placed be-
1.
gOJB f3fa)OYpa)TTHpe Zoeg. 619. Sahidic.
HMOq,
things
worthy
to
be admired,
The Negative Prefixes. The Negative Prefix 58.
The negative Prefixes
N.
to verbs are AN, N, with
AN, N, M, MITE, NUTATE, TM, o^TEM, which are thus used.
Chap. VH.
80
The
1st
Of Verbs.
Present Tense Negative.
Singular. Bashmuric.
Sahidic.
Coptic.
N+
AN,
FN or
AN,
NK AN, NTF AN,
NT AN, RTF AN,
Nq AN, NC AN,
Nq AN, NC AN,
HN, /
N't"
FN,
thou,
m.
/^
f.
A^.
she.
Plural. NTFN
NTN
AN,
NTFTN
NTFTFN AN, NCF AN,
we.
AN, AN,
ye.
NCF AN,
FNCF FN,
The 2nd Present Tense Negative.
Singular. Sahidic.
Coptic.
NAl AN,
NF1 AN, /
NAK AN,
NFK AN,
thou,
m.
thou,
f.
NApF AN,
he.
AN,
NAC
j
> >
AN,
K NADF
AN,
J
NFq AN,
NFT AN,
>
t
Plural. NAN
AN,
NFN
AN, we.
NApFTFN AN,
NFTETN AN,
NAyAN
MFy
AN, NApF AN,
AN,
he( she.
j
ye.
they.
Chap. VH.
Of Verbs.
81
The Perfect Tense Negative.
Singular. >
Coptic.
NETAl AN,
/.
NETAK AN,
thou,
NETApE AN,
NETAq AN, NETAC AN,
m.
t/lOU,
f.
he.
she.
Plural. NETAN AN,
we.
NETApETEN AN, ye. NETAY AN, NETA AN,
The
1st
they.
Future Tense Negative.
Singular. Coptic.
N^NA NXNA
AN, AN,
Sahidic.
Bashmuric.
N^NA, NEINA AN, N^NE EN,
/.
82
Chap. VII.
The
Of Verbs.
Future Tense Negative.
2 nd a
Singular. Sahidic.
NNA, NNFK, HNE,
/.
m.
thou, thou,
f.
"> NNF, * NE <M
The 59.
The
1st
first
/^ and she.
^.
Present Tense Negative. Present Tense Negative and Participle
N^CCDOYN AnipcoMt AN, / know not man, Mat. XXVI, 72. Ayco RTNEipF AN NTMF, and
are thus expressed the
we do not knoweth
not,
the 1
truth,
John
The Prefixes Participle present,
John
1 II,
I,
8.
Sah.
NqcooyN AN,
11. Sah.
of the present Tense also express the
but the Coptic and Bashmuric often
add F to the Prefixes, as FNq&iAKpiNF AN MTTCCOMA, not discerning the body. 1
Cor. IX, 29. Sah.
FNPNAy AN
F npn, not seeing the sun, Acts XII, 11. Sah. FNFN, / am not worthy, 1 Cor. XV, 9. Bash. FN-
CFApiCKF FN Bashmuric.
Mcf't, they please not God. 1
Thes.
II, 15.
Chap. VII.
Of Verbs.
83
The 2nd Present Tense Negative. The
60.
formed,
second
Present Tense
NAqoywoy AN MmoyAi moyai MMON,
far from each one of us, Acts XVII, 27.
AN Ego NpO)ME,
thus
is
Negative
he
is
NEK(fu)U)T
for thou regardest not the face
Mat. XXII, 16. Sah. MTTETE NEqupiNE MMoq condemneth not himself, Rom. XIV, 22. Sah.
not
rap
of men. AN, who
The Perfect Tense Negative. 61. This Tense in the Coptic
is
thus presented to
NET All TAp AN EeAgEM N19MHI, / came not to call the just, Mark II, 17. oy rAp mynpi M<j)po>Mi NETAqi
us.
AN, for the son of man hath not come,
The 62.
1st
1
Cor.
HMATF, man
X,
X, 45.
Future Tense Negative.
The following are specimens of
Tense negative, you,
Mark
NqNAXA GHNoy 13.
AN, he
will not leave
EpE npo>ME NA(i)Ng AN E OEIK
shall not live
by bread
NApE ^METoypo NTE God will not come. Luke XVII,
Sah.
the first Future
\ 20.
Mat.
alone,
NAI AN,
the
Ill, 4.
kingdom of
NCENABoAq EBoA AN,
which shall not be thrown down. Mat.
XXIV,
2.
The 2nd Future Tense Negative. 63.
This future occurs without the AN, as TTANAI not take from Apoq, my mercy I will
kE NNAoAq EBoA him. Ps.
LXXX1X,
one of them shall not (])02
oyAi EBoA NbnToy NNEqAoqAEq, be broken, Ps. XXXIV, 20. NNETEN-
33.
EMEU^T NiBAKi NTE mcA, ye
shall not have
11*
gone over
84 the
Of Verbs.
Chap. VII. cities
follow
of
the
Israel,
Mat. X,
Particles
23.
When
these Prefixes
XEKAC, goncoc,
XF,
&c.,
they ex-
press the Subjunctive. It
may perhaps be
the Prefix
is
hardly necessary to observe that
sometimes written EN instead of N.
The Negative Prefix M. 64.
The following form
in the Sahidic
of this Prefix
and Bashmuric
is
only found
Dialects, viz.
The Present Tense.
Singular. Sahidic.
ME1,
/.
MEK,
thou,
MEpE, K>4f?f1
ME
m.
thou,
f.
'^^
i
M
\
MEpE, he and
she.
she.
Plural. MEy, MEpE,
they.
The Imperfect Tense. NEMEq,
he.
The Perfect Tense.
E
is
MAK,
thou,
MAq,
he.
m.
found prefixed to this form as the sign of the
Participle, as EMBC],
EMBC, EHEY, &c.
Chap. VII.
85
Of Verbs.
The Negative Prefix
MTTE.
The Present Tense.
Plural.
Singular.
Coptic.
Coptic.
An At,
MTTAN, we.
/.
MTTAK,
thou,
MTTApE, thou,
MTTATETEN,
m.
yc.
MTTAY? MTTApE,
f.
they.
v
1, }
M
HTTA(
MnApF,
he and she. she.
The Perfect Tense.
Singular. Coptic.
Bashmuric.
Sahidic.
MTU,
,
Rnt,
EMFIEK, thou, m. MTTF,
thou,
RTTE,
RTTEq, JRnE, he.
RHEC,
an d
she.
^
EMTTEq,
he.
EMTTEC,
she.
Plural. MnfT,
MnETEN,
MTTtTlT,
nnoy,
Rnoy, nnE,
E before the
M
we.
RnEN,
MTTEN,
is
ye.
EMrjoy,
they.
a sign of the Participle.
f.
86
Chap. VII.
Of Verbs,
The Subjunctive.
The Imperfect and Perfect Tenses.
Singular. Coptic.
ETEMTU,
/.
ETFMTTFK,
thou,
ETFMTTF, thou,
ETEMTTEq,) 1
>
m.
f.
s jf? ETEMTTE, he and
she.
Plural. ETEMHEN,
we.
ETEMTTETEN,
ETEMnoy,
ye.
they.
These Prefixes in Coptic correspond with RTFpiTR in Sahidic.
The Negative Prefix MI7ATE. The Indicative and Subjunctive.
Singular. Sahidic.
Coptic.
/.
MTTAt,
RTTAt,
MHATEK,
FinATK, j
,
} ,
MHATF.
1,
MOATC,
thou,
m.
thou,
f.
VMnATF, he & /
she.
Chap. VII.
Of Verbs.
87
Plural. Coptic.
Sahidic.
MTTATEN,
RTTATN, We.
MTTATETEN,
RTTAT^TN,
MTTATOy, MTTATE,
RTTATOy, RTIATE,
ye. they.
The Imperfect and Pluperfect Tenses.
Singular. Sahidic.
Coptic.
NE MnA^ TIE, NE MTTATEK HE,
NE RTTA+ HE, /. NE RnATK HE, tflOU, m.
ME MnATE HE, NE MTTATEq HE,
NE HTTATE
NE RnATq NE RTTATC
NE MnATEC HE, &C.
HE, thou, TIE,
HE,
f.
^
^.
&C.
The Negative Prefixes O)TEM Copt, and
TM
Sah.
Singular. Sahidic.
Coptic.
NTAo)TEM,
HTATR,
NTEKO)TEM,
fJPTR, thou, m.
NTEOJTEH,
RTETR,
/.
thou,
f.
6.
NTEqO)TEM,
\
}
NTECOJTEM,
.
NTEOiTEM,
NOTR,/ >
RTETH.
Plural. We.
NTENU^TEM,
RTNTR,
NTETEN(^TEM,
NTETHTM,
,
NCEOJTEM,
NCETH,
& she.
^^
HCTM,)
j
he
ye.
Of Verbs.
Chap. VII.
88
The Subjunctive. The Imperfect and Pluperfect Tenses.
Singular. Sahidic. /.
NTFpElTM,
NTFpETM,
m.
thou,
HTFpEKTM,
thou,
HTFpEqTM,
he.
HTEpFCTM,
she.
f.
Plural. FTTEpoyTM,
they.
Conditional.
Singular. Bashmuric.
Sahidic.
Coptic.
AU^TFM,
EITM,
/
AKU^TEM,
FKTH,
thou,
m.
ApFU)TEM,
EpFTM,
thou,
f.
aqujTEM,
he
>ApFO)TFM,
EqTM, _ >
EDFTM, AAEO^TEM, he &
she.
ACO)TEM
Plural. AN(^TFM,
FNTM,
we.
ApETENO)TEM,
ETETNTM,
ye. they.
Another U)AN,
if,
as
particle with this Prefix in
FUyANTM, FKO)ANTM,
etc.
the Sahidic
is
Chap.
VH. Of Verbs.
89
The Imperative. Sahidic.
Coptic.
Bashmuric.
Fmp,
MTTEp,
MTTENepE, RnprpE, These take the Pronoun Suffixes, as MTTENepi, for which see the auxiliary verb epE, Coptic, rpu, Sahidic
which are below.
The Infinitive. Sahidic.
Coptic.
EU)TEM, and
ETM, and
EOJTEMGpE,
ETMTpE,
EO)TEMEepE,
ETMETpE.
These
like the
Bashmuric.
Ett)TM,
above take the Pronoun Suffixes to
the verb epE, Coptic and rpE, Sahidic.
The Auxiliary verb 6pE, TpE, Sah.
Singular. Coptic.
to be, to do.
90
Of Verbs.
Chap. VII.
The Auxiliary
65.
is
and have made me angry
XO)NT,
Num. XV,
23.
Aqepo MMOC
commit adultery. Matt. XIX,
made
used NH kE ETAyepi-
thus
the
vessel
that
tened the vessel Acts
or have provoked me.
,
EXC|)E 9.
NOUK, causeth her
AyrpF
TTXOI
should be lightened,
it
38.
XXVII,
ACAi,
to
they
or they ligh-
Sahidic.
+NATpETETNI will cause that you remember pTTMEEyE NNECjgBviyE, his works, I will remind you of his works, 1 John 10.
MHHCA
Sah.
TpABCDK, after my departure. Acts XX, 29.
no~C <|)viETepo NNAI, the Lord who doeth these Acts XV, 17. EGpoyNAy Epcuoy NXE wpomi,
Sahidic. things,
that
men may
see
ETAl EmcToAn, 66. E,
sign
E0pETENO)(y
of
are signs of the Subjunctive with the
Subjunctive before
that thou mayest do
EGpEKAlTOy, Acts XXII,
5.
XXIII,
that ye read this epistle, 1 Thes. V, 26.
epE and rpE
some
or
Matt.
them,
10.
them,
fuuyr
EepEqu)o>m
EGpoycAXl NApA.K,
fore thee, Acts XXIII, 30.
pcoMH,
it
is
as
or to do them.
NEO-
NoyMHO)
NOC, that he might be the father of many IV, 18.
them,
nations,
Rom.
that they might speak be-
ATTC
necessary also that
I
ON ETpANAy ETKEgshould see Rome.
NANOYC NAN
Acts
ETpEN(fo) MTTAI MA, it good for us that we should remain here, or to remain here.
XIX, 21. Sah.
Mark
EepE NIEGNOC CCUTEM should hear the word, Acts XV,
IX, 5. Sah.
the gentiles
BO)K E^oyN,
that he would not
RNNCA TpE nEcyroprp XX,
1.
is
Sah.
go
in,
FTTICAXI, that 7.
ETMTpEq-
Acts XIX, 31. Sah.
Ao, after the tumult ceased, Acts
ETpEygApEg Epoq,
to
they should keep him. Acts XII, 4. Sah.
keep him,
or that
Chap. VII.
91
Of Verbs.
be seen that pepp and FTpp with the suf-
It will
fixes express also the infinitive.
"We
also observe that these auxiliaries, taking
may
the Pronoun suffixes, often lose
which
fication,
is
When
it
make
to
light;
joined to a noun,
is
enlighten or
to
ppoyouNi,
a witness;
Mpepp,
light;
signi-
p, Sah. FA. Bash, to be, to do.
the verb pp. p or pA,
a verb, as oyo)iNi,
is
distinctive
absorbed by the following verb.
The Auxiliary Verb Fp, 67.
their
Fpnpepp,
to
bear
witness. is
Fp
prefixed
verbs, and nouns
to
derived from the Greek, as
Mark
they saluted him,
IX,
they shall hope in his name, is
used verbally,
NAyppACTTA^Fcep MMoq, 15.
pypp^pAmc
FTTFqpAN,
But p
Mat. XII, 21.
very seldom prefixed to words derived from the Greek. to
\,
give,
is
also
an auxiliary, and
joined to
is
o)oy, Copt. pooy, Sah. FAy, Bash, glory, 'j-cooy, Sah. to give glory, to glorify. Bash., the hand,
TAAT, to
in Sah.
MKAg,
help.
TOT, Copt. TOOT, Sahidic.
'f'TOT,
sorrow, grief,
^pooy,
to give the
-fTOOT,
-fMKAg,
to give
hand,
sorrow, to
afflict.
Of Irregular and defective Verbs. 68.
Of
the
verb
TTF,
to he,
which
companied with a personal Pronoun, as
Psalm XLIX,
weoq III.
1.
nu, he Sah.
7.
HTOK
TTF,
is
ANOK
TTF,
I am.
thou art, Ezech.
XXXVIII, 17. we are, 1. John
John XIII, 26. ANON TTF, NTCOTN TTF, ye are, Matt. V, is,
generally ac-
14.
12*
Sahidic.
92
Chap. VII. TTE,
Of Verbs.
are, Mat.
few
NAl
XXII, 14.
these
TTF,
are, John XX, 18. TE is construed with feminine nouns in the same way, as TAcapj TF, John VI, 55.
The Present Tense.
Singular. Masc.
Fern.
Tie,
/ am, m.
TTF,,
thou art,
TTF,
^
or
it
TE, / am, TF, *$0&
f.
is:
TF,
^^
f.
art,
or
it
f.
is.
Plural. we NE,
ye
are.
HE, they
The Imperfect Tense. Sing, and Plural.
NF
was or were, m.
TTFj,
NE TE, was
or were,
f.
The Irregular Verb XF, XO, X(D, or XOO, Sah. XA, Bash,
to say.
The Present Tense.
Singular. Coptic.
fxO) MMOC,)
txoc,
7
^'
I
KXO)
MMOC, thou sayest, m. Fqxo) MHOC, > EOEXO) MMOC, XO) MMOC. )
FCXCJD
MMOC
he or she says.
Qhap. VII.
Of Verbs.
93
Singular. Sahidic. ,
,
/
say.
thou sayest, m.
qxu>
FCXOD
he says he or she says. -
MMOC,
)
MMOC,
MMOC,
MMOC,
Plural. Coptic and Sahidic.
TFNXO) MMOC, we
say.
& TFTRXOD MMOC,
ye
say.
MMOC, CEXO) MMOC,
they say.
The Imperfect Tense.
Singular. Sahidic.
Coptic.
NAVXO) MMOC,
NBIXO)
did say.
MMPC.
he did say.
Plural. NBy^> MMOC,
they did say.
MMOC,
MMOC,
MMOC, /
NFq2s:a)
The Perfect Tense.
Singular. Sahidic.
Coptic.
/ have
Aixo)TOy>
TTEXAI,
AKXOC,
AIXOTOV,
)
Aqxoc,
AKXOOC,
\
\
,
Aqxoc,
ACXOC,
said.
thou, m.
he. \
AqxAC^
he.
Aqxooc, AXOOC, he or (
ACXOOC, he and
she.
she.
94
Chap. VII.
Of Verbs.
Plural. Sahidic.
Coptic.
ApFTENXO) MMOC, TTEJKDOy
MMOC,
ye.
AyxoOC,
they.
they.
Ayxoc.
The Future Tense.
Singular. Sahidic.
Coptic.
EKFXOOC, thou
EKEXOC,
qNAXooc, EGNAXOC,
shalt,
etc.
)
\
he.
Plural. TPNNAXE, ,
we.
we.
TUNAXOC^.
they.
CFNAXOoy^
they.
The Imperative Mood. Coptic.
Sahidic.
AXOC,
AXtc, say.
The Infinitive. Sahidic.
Coptic.
AXIC, to say.
Axoq,
The Perfect Tense.
Singular. Coptic.
Sahidic.
nexm,
nexAi, npxHi,
TTPXAK,
HEXAK,
nEXAq, HEXAC,
)
(
nEXAq, | HEXF, HEXAC, \he*x&she.
Bashmuric.
/
said. tllOU,
nExeq, nE^EC,
he.
she.
m.
Of Verbs.
Chap. VII.
95
Plural. Bashmuric.
Sahidic.
Coptic.
TTBXAN,
We.
TTEXCDTEN,
ye.
nEXAy,
TTEXAY. TTEXF, 69.
oyON. and
for the verb
to
have
not to have, or to
to
be,
But when they take the Personal
be.
always represent the verb
Suffixes after them, they have, with
they.
oyAN, Bash, are used and MMON, Mlrf% Sah.
Sah.
oyFT,
or
nsxpy,
TTEXF,
MMAy, which
is
to
very often added.
Singular. Sahidic.
Coptic.
oycwnn, oyoN'h
oyRTAi, oyirf, /
OyoNTAK, OyONTFK.
OyHTAK, OyRTK.
oyoNTF
oyRTF,
thou,
oyfrTAq
;
?
oyoNTAq, oyowTpq, OyONTAC, OyANTFC,
thou, m.
f.
oyHrq,
OyflTAC. OyNTC.
he. she.
Plural. We.
OyONTAN, OyONTFN,
OyHTAN,
OyONTETPN, OyONTO)TEN,
OyHTETN, OyHTHTN,
oyoNToy, oyoNToooy,
oyHTAy, oyFrrey,
Singular. Bashmuric.
OyANTHl,,
/.
oyANTwq, oyANTEq, oyANTHC, she.
Plural. oyANTHN,
we.
oyANTHOy,
they.
he.
ye.
they.
Chap. VII. Of Verbs.
96
The thou
Participle
having.
is
formed by adding F, as FoyoNTFK,
The above are
oyoNNTAK, oyoNNTAq, The Negative not
also
written
oyoNNTm,
etc.
and generally with
to
have,
thus
is
expressed,
MMAy.
The Present Tense.
Singular. Bashmuric.
Sahidic.
Coptic.
MFNTHl, /
MMONTHl, MMON^.
MMH'}-, MfTt,
MMONTFK, MMONTE,
MMNTK. MNTK,
tllOU,
m.
MfTTF,
thou,
f.
MMONTFq, MMONTAq, MMNTAq, MNTq, MFHTHiq, he. she, MMONTFC, MMONTAC^ MHHTAC, MHTC,
Plural. MMONTFN, MMONTAN,
MFNTHN,
MNTAN, MMONTETFN^ MMONTO)TFN, MNTHTN,
We. ye.
MMONTOY?HHONTO)OY, MHTAy? MNTOy, MFNTFy,
they.
The Imperfect Tense. Sahidic.
Coptic.
NF MMONTFq HE, NF MMONTOy TTF,
he.
they.
NF MNTK.
tllOU,
NF MNTCJ, NF MHTC,
he.
These are sometimes written
MMONNTAN, MMONNTCQTFN^
etc.
m.
she.
MMON N^
or NTHI,
Of Verbs.
Chap. VII.
97
.
Of Verbs Passive.
To what has been
70.
we may add
Chap. V,
said of verbs Passive under
the following.
Verbs active are made vowels of the root, as KCD, to
Moyp,
bind,
to be written,
O)0)q,
MHp,
be
to
to put,
CA.&
Sah.
to write,
CHg,,
be mixed, Sah.
to
THg,
be put,
to
KH,
bound,
Sah. TO) 3, to mix,
to be laid ?vastc, Sah. to lay waste, tt)H(j,
Verbs active ending
woyT,
by changing the
passive
Copt,
TAAwoyT, 71.
and
wy
Participles
o
in
Sah.
the
in
as
passive
TAAo,
to
in
put
on,
are formed by adding FT,
as
Sah. to be put on, etc.
raAwy,
Copt.
The
in
and
in
FTTAKwoyT, from TAKO, and FTTAKTHOYT. from TAKTO and sometimes by suffixing T also to the end as FT;
cgoyopr, from cgoyp,
Sah.
Of Suffixes to Verbs.
The following are the Pronoun
Suffixes to Verbs.
Singular. Sahidic.
Coptic. I
or T,
l
K or
K, f,
or r, me.
TS
i,
r, thce,
or
e.
him.
q,
q,
c,
c, her.
Plural. US.
N, TFN,
N, TFT,
TUN,
TN,
oy,
oy. them.
1JOU.
13
m.
thce,
f.
98
The 72.,
TOyxoi, to
Of Verbs.
Chap. VII.
The
is
i
Person singular.
first
suffixed to verbs ending in o, as
deliver me, Ps.
CXXXIX,
1.
him that sent me, John VII, 33.
other verbs
not find me, John VII, 36. me, Ps. XLII,
gA (J)HFTAqTAoyot, The T is suffixed to
oyog TETENNAXFMT AN, and
as,
MA-
FKENAgMET,
ye shall
thou shall save
1.
The second Person singular. 73.
John V,
nFXE THC NAq TCDNK,
HKAAK
8.
Sah.
EBoAj
To>oyNr TTFTpE, xo)RMOC XETOJoyNr,
to
Jesus said unto
release thee,
rise Peter,
hini rise,
John XIX,
Acts X, 13. Sah.
saying arise,
10.
Eq-
Acts X, 26. Sahidic. Sah. and
oyog CFNAqif FBoA,
Copt. Ayco
CFNAqiTF FBoA,
shall carry thee out,
Acts V,
TTFKNAg'f FTFTAqNAgMi,
f.
thy faith hath saved thee,
maid
arise,
f.
Luke
f.
9.
Mat. IX, 22. ^A-Acy TO)oyNi,
VIII, 54.
The first Person plural. 74.
AAAA NAgMFN FBoA#A Mat. VI, 13.
us from
evil,
show us
all things,
qNATAMON FgouBWM,
deliver
he
will
John IV, 25. Sah. AK<}>ACTFN M^pHt thou hast tried us as silver, Psalm LXVI, 10.
A TTNOyTE MENpETFT, IV,
TTinFT0)Oy., but
11. Sahidic.
if
God
hath loved us,
1.
John
Chap. VII.
Adverbs. Conjunctions.
U'J
The second Person plural. FqFTAMflDTFN, he
75.
John XVI,
13*.
AqMEpiTN,
shall
make known
unto you,
Rom
VIII. 37.
hath loved
us,
Sahidic.
The third Person plural. 76.
AqTAMO)oy FNEqxix,
he showed them his hands,
John XX, 20. FJsoeBoy, Copt. FgOTBoy, Deut. IX, 28.
them,
Sahidic. to kill
XFKAC FqExiroy FyMHp,
that he
might lead them bound, Acts IX, 21. Sah.
Of Adverbs. 77.
A
few adverbs are formed from nouns by pre-
fixing the letter F to them, with the article, as
a day, Sah. Fngooy,
Fgooy,
in vain.
daily, F(fAHoy, most often are formed thus t>FN oyadverbs ,But
couoyTFN, oyOwq,
rightly,
truly, Luke XX, 21. The other adverbs
Luke XX,
will
21. t>FN
oyMFOMHi,
be easily discovered in the
course of reading.
Of the Conjunction XF. 78.
The conjunction XF frequently answers
to the
word quod, and generally follows the verbs of seeing, hearing, saying, and declaring; as oyog AqNAy Fnoyoriw XF NANEq, and he saw the light that it was good. Gen. theirs
I,
is
4.
XF ecooy TE ^MFToypo NTF Nt(J)Noy^ for
the
kingdom of heave
i,
Mit. V,
3.
13*
100
Chap. VII. Prepositions. It
united with prepositions,
often
is
FBHA XF, F(j)MA XF.
EGBF XF,
as
etc.
Of Prepositions.
abound
the Egyptian Lanor more two of them being frequently united in guage, 79. 1) Prepositions
composition
Fboyn
FboyN F,,
in,
F,
Sah. in;
pbpm
FXFN,
Sah. 0#/ of;
fcbpm bFN, f/ TIFCHT, and F TTFCHT, beneath, under. The
TTFCHT, gi
Preposition F
FgoyN
F,
FBoAbFN, FBoA
above;
CA
as
;
in
is
grT,
frequently 'found united with others
gpm
info;
F,
2) Prepositions are
to,
towards; OJA
Fgpm
:
as
F, to etc.
sometimes prefixed to Substan-
which ^then have the force of Prepositions only, as has been already shown, as gApo, to; gApoi, to me; from gA, to and po., the mouth; FpA. to, before; from tives,
F
to,
and gpA, the face; 3)
etc.
The Prepositions are
with verbs, to
express
the
used in composition
also
idea conveyed by the verb
and preposition when separated; as OIF Fmyun, from
cyp,
from
i
from
o)F, to
4)
nection
XA
to go,
and Fnu^un, above; IFTIFCHT,
to
and FFIFCHT, beneath; OJF FboyN, go, and FboyN, in.
ascend;
descend; to enter;
The preposition FBoA, very
often occurs in con-
with verbs;
bear,
FBoA,
to reveal, 5)
to go,
to
to remit;
as
qiFBO\.
ccop FBoA,
to
to
disperse;
to
carry out;
(XJDpn FBoA,
&c.
The Preposition FBoA
is
used with nouns in the
same way, as O)HVFBoA, a paralytic; xoyojT FBoA. expectation; xo>p FBoA, a dispersion; BU)A FBoA,
a dissolu-
101
Chap. VII. Prepositions.
&c.
tlon;
It
used with the same words when
also
is
used verbally.
A
6)
Pronoun
number
considerable as
suffixes,
AT^NF,
take the
of Prepositions without,
Copt,
AT
ATtfNoyK, without thee, m., E0BF, Copt., ETBE,
without me,
E6BHT, Copt. ETBHHT, Sah. con-
Sah. of or concerning,
F9BHTq, Copt. FTBHHTq. Sah. concerning him; &c. NFM, Copt. NM, Sah. with, NEMHI. Copt. NMMAI, Sah.
cerning me;
with
NEMAK,
me;
Coptic.
NAgpEN,
Coptic.
NAgpN,
NMMAK,
with
Sail,
thee;
Sahidic. with, before.
m.
NAgpAl,
with me, &c.
The following
7)
list
of Prepositions
is
given,
as
they very frequently occur in Coptic, Sahidic and Bashmuric. Sahidic.
Coptic.
ATO~NF, without.
N, without.
EBoA, from, out
from, out
EBoAbFN,
FBoA, from, out
of. of.
from, out
v
EBoAoyTE,
FBoAglTH, of,
,
,
from, out
'
from.
f>
FHHp, beyond, over. FnECHT, beneath, under.
Fy,
to.
in,
,
in,
,
,
N,
from.
by, near.
within.
from.
of.
from.
,
FCKFN,
of.
before.
from.
j
of.
Ey,
of,
from.
}
to.
in,
,
l,
\ \
from.
within.
in, in,
to.
l
FXH,
i
M,
to.
of,
from.
102
Chap. VII. Prepositions. Sahidic.
Coptic.
HNNCA,
to.
Fbpw, in, Fbpm, V
i
FlTTFlTO, in,
I,
above, upon.
before.
FinFlTO
FBO\
(
FinKflQTF,
A, upon.
upon, above.
,
after.
H
to.
above.
>,
NM,
from.
,
MFNFNCA,
after. >
MTTFM00,
NApA, NFM,
before.
n.
,
behind.
nAgoy,
with.
NoyFU)FN, NCA,
within.
before.
without.
o/,
,
from.
ff/2!er.
to.
ATN,
NTFN,
\
e^9H, before. ,
within.
CATCH, en,) V
e^4
oyBF,
against.
oyTF,
between. ,
,
tprT,
behind.
towards.
tApO,
of,
bATFN,
.
Z/Z.
from.
nigh
to.
J3ATOT, nigh
to,
to.
before.
Chap. VII.
103
Prepositions. Conjunctions. Interjections. Coptic. '
>
before.
t>AXO>, VI.
t>FN,
t>FNT, near
gA,
to.
to.
gl, upon, in.
glNtup, beyond.
gipFN, before.
,
of.
glXFN,
Of Conjunctions. 80.
8)
The conjunction oyog,
omitted in composition, as
and
they all ate (and) ic
oyog A
also,
frequently
oyog AYoycoM THpoy Ayct,
were
satisfied.
Mat. XV, 37.
Copt.
gANArruAoc Ayt Ayo)FMO)i MMoq,
The Conjunction KF,
the article and the noun; as
from
is
w
^~
angels came, (and) ministered to him, Mat. IV, 11. Copt. 9)
BFC)
#<
FBoA glXOJN, us.
Ps. II.
who hath
2.
that
and, also,
is
NTFNgioyt Mrroy KF
we may cast away
nni KE
placed between
ICJDT
also their
FTAqTAoyoq,
NAyoke
the Father
sent him.
Of Interjections. 81.
The
principal interjections in Egyptian
or guTTTTF ic, Copt.
woe to: and
d),
oh
!
gHHTF
1C.
are ic,
Sah. behold! oyoi, alas!
104
Chap. VIII. Of the Formation of words.
CHAP.
VIII.
Of the Formation of words. 82. In treating of the formation of Egyptian words
by no means intended
is
it
versy,*
to enter
upon the controwhether nouns or verbs were the original words
in language, but to give a simple statement of to us.
Egyptian presents 83. Primitive
words were no doubt
nerally of one syllable, as pw, the the
(j)F,
heaven; xo>,
are formed by uniting two or
Compound words
more words,
as
from MAI,
a quadruped, from qTF, four
qTF())AT,
a foot ;
<j)AT,
to consume,
oy(MNHT,
and gHT, loving,
Some words
to
repent ,
the heart, &c.
from
MAi'NOyTF,
oyom,
religious,
God, Sah.
NoyTF,
MA,
are composed of
Copt., Sah.
and
a place, and N, the sign of the genitive, united
Bash.,
with other words, as
MANMOW,
from MA, and MONI, to flee
to-,
habitation; tribunal',
to feed,
from MA,
and
from MA, and
from MA, and
Some words
AT.
honour.
silver,
a pasture, a place to feed;
a place MANO)T, a refuge, a flight. MANUJODTTt, a
<])a>T, tt)0)TTi,
-f,
dwell.
to
to give,
MAlTAlO,
ME
MAigAT,
ambitious;
MAfct*gATI, a
and gAff, judgment.
are composed of
united with other words, as
and
sun-,
and ge-
short,
lead; hpF, food; &c. 84.
and
what the
or MAI,
covetous-,
loving,
from MAI,
from MAt, and TAto,
Chap. VIII. Of the Formation of words.
MET
or MF9, Copt, and
MNT.
Sah.
105
are often pre-
nouns and also to words derived from the Greek;
fixed to
MFToypo, a kingdom; from MET and oypo, MFTMATOI, an army; from MET and MATOI, a
as
MHTMFrrpF, a testimony; from
MNT
a king; soldier;
and MHTpF, a
wit-
ness; Sah. &c.
The word pEM, Copt, and pR, Sah. AEM. Bash, a native, an inhabitant, or belonging to, and the sign of the genitive prefixed to nouns; as
pEM and
domestic; from
a house; pEMM(j)E, heavenly; from pFM and heaven; pEMNXHMl, an Egyptian; pFMTApCOC, a
(J)E,
native
HI,
of Tarsus.
pEq
Copt,
,
and Sah. Apq
form compound nouns,
Bash, added to
,
pFqNAy, an
as
inspector,
Sah. a minister, from pPC|S)Rj0F* minister, AFq'tcETT, Bash, a judge; from t6 ATT > sec
*
MAY) to
pEMNHi, a
-
CA, Copt, and Sah. an
is
artificer,
verbs
from
cyRu)F, to judge.
used in the form-
some words, as CANtfvixi, a maker or seller of purple ; from dilXl , purple. CANCOIK, a baker; from ation
CD IK,
of
bread.
gOMRT,
CAHgOMRT,
in brass;
from
brass.
XIN. Copt, often
Sah. an artificer
and Bash.
denote the presence
(TiN,
Sah.
of the
prefixed to verbs
action,
so
that they
then correspond with the infinite of the Greek, with the article;
as xiNMOu)i, Copt.
going, TO go.
With these
(MNMOOO^F, Sah.
of
prefixes verbs are frequently
used as nouns; as XINX<]>O, possession, from *.
the action
a preparation, from
r
|~.
to
a)oy. Copt, and Sah. when prefixed
x(|)0,
to possess.
prepare. to verbs "serves
14
to
Of the Dialects.
PartIV,
106
Quatremere says, "that a thing merits to
indicate"
be done,
that
ought to be done."
it
as
expresses worthiness;
Ps.
to be
loved are thy tabernacles.
from MFNpiT, beloved. gA, Copt., Sah. and Bash, appears
LXXXIII,
1.
to
express
as gANU)F, Sah. a centurion,
person, master or chief"; chief of a
consequently
gANcyoyMUNpiToy NF
gu>c
NFKMANOjomi, How worthy
It
hundred men, from
tt)F,
a or
a hundred. gAMO)F,
Sah. a carpenter, an artificer in wood. &c.
AT
or A9, Copt., Sah. and Bash, which
a nega-
is
tive prefix to nouns.
AA, Copt, much, greatly, as AAXAA, very shady.
Some nouns
are formed from verbs by
adding a
Letter at the end, as cgoyopr, a curse, from cgoyop, to curse. pAbr, a fuller; from pAb, to wash; XApoq, silence;.
from XApu>,
to
silence.
Part IV. Of the Dialects. 1.
We know
little
very
Egypt, and nearly
all
of the ancient
the remains of
it
we now
have been transmitted to us through the Sahidic
Coptic, Dialect
was spoken
was the propriety its
and
capital,
the
name from
Bashmuric
in
hence
has
it
Memphitic
been
Dialect,
the Arabic
of the
The Coptic
of which called
of
possess,
medium
Dialects.
Lower Egypt,
Language
Memphis
with
great
The Sahidic derived
word <Xuto or
J^ouaJf,
the
Upper or Superior; and was the Dialect of Upper Egypt,
Of the
PartlV.
of which Thebes called the
was the
Thebai'c.
It
it
capital;
is
these two dialects was the
107
Dialects.
impossible
more
has therefore been say which of
to
ancient.
Georgius, Val-
perga, Munter, and others have decided in favour of the
Coptic
and Macrizy, Renaudotius, Lacroze, and Jablonsky,
;
much more appearance
with
for 'the Sahidic.
much
left to
Still,
of reason, have contended
however, the question must be very
conjecture, as
we have not
evidence to enable us to
ficient
at present suf-
decide.
Besides these
two dialects, which have long been known, there which
third,
was
spoken in
Baschmour,
a
is
a
Province
of the Delta.
The existence of three
Egypt has been so satisfactorily proved by Quatremere, Engelbreth and other writers, and so fully confirmed by the Bashmouric Dialects in
Fragments which have been discovered and published, that no more need be added to establish the fact.
however any doubt should remain on the mind of any one, the following quotation from a Manuscript work If
of Athanasius, a Prelate of the Coptic Church,
remove
who was
"The Coptic
Bishop of Kous,
will entirely
Language," says
he, "is divided into three dialects,
it.*
the
Coptic dialect of Misr, the Bahiric, and the Bashmuric: these diiferent
dialects
are
derived from the same lan-
guage."
The introduction of Greek words language
*
into the
Egyptian
commenced, no doubt, from the time of the
Coptic MS. Royal Library Paris, quoted by Quatremero.
14*
108
Of the Dialects.
Part IV.
Macedonian conquest, which the introduction of ChrisThe Christian tianity tended to confirm and extend.
many new
Religion contained so
ideas, that
new words
would be found necessary to express them. These words the Greek Language would readily supply, having been previously used by the Apostles of Christ, for a similar object:
the
and
probable that the Egyptians adopted
is
it
But we
Apostles.
in
Egyptian words,
the
find in
sions of the Scriptures,
Greek words
Greek writings of the the Coptic and Sahidic Ver-
from
terms required,
the
that the Translators often used
Translation
which
when they possessed
expressed the same idea,
fully
which proves that the Greek and Egyptian Language were both extensively used at that period.
The Coptic Dialect. 2. ric,
of
The
Coptic,*) or as
has been called the Bahi-
it
but more properly the Memphitic, was the Dialect
Lower Egypt,
This Dialect
is
the
more
*V)UD Mizur
free
of
the
Scriptures.
from Greek than the Sahidic.
Manuscripts exist in Coptic of nearly the whole of the
Sacred
Book
of
which
of Job, the Psalms, the
and the lished.
Scriptures,
New
the
Pentateuch,
the
Major and Minor Prophets,
Testament, with translations, have been pub-
Liturgies
also
MSS. and the works
of
of the
Coptic
Church exist
in
some of the early Fathers, the
*) Thg word Coptic was evidently derived from the word as pronounced by the Egyptians.
I
yTTTC
Of the
PartlV.
Acts of the Council
of Nice,
number
of Saints
considerable
The Sahidic 3.
The
Sahidic, or
before,
it
and also the
of a
lives
and Martyrs. Dialect. correctly the Thebaic Dia-
Upper Egypt. As has been hinted has adopted a greater number of Greek words
was spoken
lect,
more
109
Dialects.
in
The vowels
than the Coptic.
in
more
dialect are
this
frequently expressed by lines above the consonants than in the Coptic or
Bashmouric; as MNNCA,
MFNFNCA,
FmMTo,
Copt.
after,
Sahidic.
Sah. before, MTTUMTO, Copt.
New
Fragments of nearly every part of the Old and Testament exist in Sahidic, but only fragments
New
Testament have
as
of the
yet been published, and frag-
ments of some of the Lives of Saints and Martyrs.
The Bashmouric Dialect. 4.
The Bashmouric Dialect was a Province
mour,
of the
in
spoken
and agrees
Delta,
respects with the Coptic, and in others
Bash-
in
some
more nearly
re-
sembles the Sahidic.
The inhabitants
of
the
Delta
were described by
ancient writers* as wild beasts, leading a wandering
and living by robbery and plunder, Greeks
and Romans
account in
a
hardly
great measure for
more rude than the
A
could
whom
This
subdue.
Sahidic.
few Fragments only of
Thucydid.
1.
1. c.
will
the Bashmouric being
this Dialect
exist,
have been published. *
life,
the Persians,
110. and Diod. Sicul.
1.
II. c.
77.
and
110
Chap. VIII. Praxis.
Praxis. Of the first Chapter of JDEN
1.
tATFN
c))t
TApXH NE TTCAXl oyog NE oyNoyt was
/# the beginning with God,
and God was
>EN, prepos. f.
NE
prefixed
conjunct.
XH.
masc. sing, with 2.
()>Al
TIE
Word.
oy
with
f.
r
<j) f-
the defin. art. 3
sing.
sing.
pers.
m. prefixed,
art.
imper.
noun
T
imper.
the defin.
rr
TTICAXI NACjX'H
Word, and the Word was
the
verb indie,
k>ATEN, prepos.
OyOg
verb, irreg.
TTE,
NAqXH
TIE
TApXH, noun
noun m. with
TTCAXI,
the
John's Gospel.
St.
3.
oyog
pers. sing,
from
oyNOyt, noun
m.
indef. art. prefixed.
ENAqXH ICXEN g H tATEN
\.
This was from the beginning with God. (j)Ai,
pron. demonstr. sing. m.
above)
(see
with E pron.
rel.
ENAqXH,
ICXEN,
verb, imperf.
noun
prepos. &\,
sing. 3.
oyog ATo'Noq
gcoBNiBEN Ayajoom EBoAgiTorq
MHE gAi
BEN ^>HET Aqcyoini. made by him and without him was were All things (ycjom
,
not anything made, among that which was made.
^(WBNIBEN. compound adject, from
and NIBEN..
<JDB
EBoA-
Ayu)a)TTi ; verb, perfect 3. pers. plur. from cyooni.
grrorq, prepos. with q the pron.
ATdwoq, 3.
pers.
pron. 3.
prepos.
m. to
demonst.
with
verb,
and
q pron.
u^umi. relat.
pers. sing, see above.
suff.
gAt.
sing.
suff.
3.
MTTF.
adject,
Aqu)o>ni.
pers.
sing.
neg.
pref.
neut.
verb.
(|)HET, perf.
4. (JDINI
NF ncowb
NNlp(DMl 7w
TTF,
TTF (J)oy-
and
of men.
irreg.
was
life
the light
with n, the defin.
sing, sing.
the
prep, with q
wburq, 3.
imperf.
artic.
pers.
sing.
m. pref.
suff.
NF...
noun
(j)oyanNi,
m. pref. NNipcoMi, noun pi. with sign of gen. and NI def. art. plur. m. prefixed.
sing,
N
verb,
life,
noun relat.
FTF, pron.
FTP N^HTq oyog TTCDNb
TTF.
//rc 7##s
TTO)Nt>,
,
TTF
Ill
Praxis.
Chap. VIII.
with
5.
def.
(j)
art.
oyog TTioycmw AqFpoytDiw
MHF mxAKt And
t>FN
mxAKt oyog
cyrAgoq.
the
light
shined in the darkness,
ness did not comprehend
AqFpoycDiw,
and
the
dark-
it.
verb. perf.
3.
pers. sing, from
ayo)iw
m
with Fp prefixed. ntXAKi, noun sing, with def. art. m. sing. pref. (yTA^oq, verb perf. 3. pers. sing, with MTTF, (see above) and a) intensive
prefixed,
and q
suif.
from TAgo.
AqcycDm NXF oypo)Mi FAyoyopnq FBoAgiTFN ty\ FnFqpAN np KDANNHC. There was a man who was sent by God, whose name 6.
was John. NXF, a sign of the nominative. oypooMt, noun m. with
sing,
oy
indef. art. sing, prefixed. F, pron. relat. sing.
Ayoyopnq.
verb. perf. 3. pers. plur. for the pass. sing,
(see pass, v.)
FfTFqpAN, F TTF,
and q rel.
3.
pers. sing. suff.
pron. npq,
his m.
EBoAgiTFN, prep. pAN, noun sing. m.
verb irreg. imperf. 7.
<|>Al
Aqi
FyMFTMF0pF glNA NTFqFpMF9pF
glNA NTF OyONNlBFN NAg'f
112
Chap. VIII.
This (man) came for a to
that he
jvitness,
might witness
the light, that every one might believe through him.
Aqi,
noun
verb perf. with
sing,
contract, into ey. 3.
subjunct,
pers.
3.
gtNA, conjunct, sing,
i
FyMFTMFepF,
PO Y> F prepos. oy,
f r
Ey
from
pers. sing,
indef. art.
verb,
NTFqppMFepF.
from Meepe with Fp prefixed.
bA, prepos. oyoNNiBEN, 3.
Praxis.
adj.
NTF NAgt,
verb subjunct.
pers. sing.
NF N0oq AN
8.
HF0pF bA
moyoMNi
TTF
AMA
INA NTFqFp-
niOyODlNl.
He was
not the light,
but that he might witness to
the light.
N0oq, pron. 9.
(DlNl
3.
pers. m.
conj.
FpO)Mt NIBFN FGNHOy FniKOCMOC. He was the true light, which enlightenclh every man into the world.
NAqcyon, verb imperf. NTAC^MHI, adjective.
FONHOy.
adject,
sing,
epOMi, noun
3.
pers.
with N, sing,
from
sing
prefixed
u)OTT.
forming the
with F prep. NIBFN,
verb. pres. 3. pers. sing, with
FHIKOCHOC, noun
from Nwoy.
sing,
F9
pron.
adj.
relai
with F prep, and
defin. art, prefixed.
10.
Aqo)(oni
NAqXH ^FN ntKOCMOC np oyo^ TTIKOCMOC FB0^2lTOTq oyog Anp TTIKOCMOC coycDNq.
He was and
;
NAqO)OTT NXF moyCDlNl NTA(|)MHl <J)HFT Fpoy-
who cometh
m,
AN, adv. AAi\A
the
in
the world, anrl the world
world knew Him
was made by Him,
not.
MnF...coyo)Nq. verb, with neg. and q
suffix.
113
Chap. VIII. Praxis.
11.
gA NFTFNoyq oyog NFTFNoyq Mnoy-
Aqi
o)onq Fpcooy. He came to to
his
own, and
his
own received him not
them.
gA, prep. NFTFNoyq, with q o)onq, verb. neg.
adj. plur.
suff. 3.
with q
suff.
Mnoy-
pers. plur. Fpo>oy, Dat.
proh. plur.
NH AF FT Ayojonq Fpcooy Aqt Fpu)io)i Noooy FFp cpwpi NNoyf- NHF0 NAgt FnFqpAN. 12.
But those who received him
power
become sons of God,
to
to
(to]
them, those
he gave them
who
believe
in
his name.
NH, pron. demon, plur &F, conj. FT, pron. Ayjyorrq, verb.
from ^.
sing, dat.
FFp, verb, i,
noun
13.
verb. perf. Aq'f,
perf. 3. pers. pi.
Fpo)t(^i, infin.
noun
sing. masc.
rel. 3.
pi.
pers.
NGDoy, pron.
with F pref. the sign of the
infin.
plur.
NHFTF FBOA^EN
CNO(j
AN NF Oy^F FBO^FN
CAp? AN NF OyAF FBOAt>FN (foyflOO) NpO)Ml AN NH AAAA FT AyMACOy FBOA^EN (j)'}'. Those who were flesh,
nor of the
will
not of blood,
neither
of the
will
of of man, but who were born of God.
CNoq, noun sing. m. AN, adv. negat. oy&F, conj. NCAp, noun sing. m. with N sign of gen. AyMACoy, verb perf.
3.
pers. plur. with oy, plur.
suff.
from MAC.
oyoe TTICAXI Aqpp oycApj oyoe Aqcycom Nbpm NhwTFN oyog AN NAY PTTFqcDoy M^pwf Mno)oy NOyojHpl MMAyATq NTOTq MTTFqiO)T FqMFg N^MOT NFM MF0MHI. 14.
15
114
Chap. VIII. Praxis.
And
the
and we saw Father, full
word was made
his glory, as the glory
of grace and
Aqpp, verb
NbHTEN, 1.
3.
perf.
pers.
2 prepos. the last FN
prefixed.
and npq,
ace.
sing,
of
us,
his
sing, suff.
from pp.
ANN Ay,
fcbpm
verb perf.
ETTEqcboy. noun sing. m. with
M^pn^-, adv. Noycynpi, with N sign of gen. and oy indef. art.
MMAyATq,
from TOT, see
of
the only son
truth.
pers. plur. from NAy.
F sign of noun m.
and dwelt among
flesh,
pref.
NTorq, pron. partic. gen. pronouns. MTTFqicDT, noun sing, with M adj.
sing.
sign of gen. and rrpq prefixed.
FqMFg, verb present or part. 3. pers. sing. NgMOT, noun sing. m. with N sign of gen. NFM, conj. MEOMHI, noun sing. f. 15.
UDANNHC FqFpMFGpF F6BHTq OyO
EqODU)
FqXO)MMOC, XF
<|)Al nF 4>HPT AlXOq XE (j)HF9 MFNFNcan AqFpojopn Fpoi XF NF oyo)opn Fpoi
pa) nF.
John witnesseth concerning him, and ing, that this is
me hath been
he of whom
I
spake, he
who cometh
after
before me, for he was before me.
FGBHTq, prepos. with q pres. 3. pers. sing, particip.
crieth out, say-
Fqo)O) EBoA, verb with EBoA, prepos. joined. FqxcoHMOC,
from xco, and
suff.
MMOC
particle
postfixed.
conjunct, but often expletive. Aixoq, verb perfect.
1.
XF, pers.
with q suffixed. MFNENCOUI, prepos. with 1. pers. sing, suffixed. AqFpujopn, verb perf. 3. pers. sing, from
sing,
Fp and ojopn, Epoi, sing,
particle
po, he, the same.
used for pronoun.
1.
pers.
Chap. VIII.
XF ANON THpFN
16.
NTttjEBlU)
Because we
115
Praxis.
FBOAbFN
AN(Tl
ITFqMOfc*
NFM
NOygMOT.
all
have received out of his fulness, and
grace for grace.
ANON, pron. 1.
pers.
from
plur.
plur.
suffixed.
pers.
adject, with FN,
rupFN,
AN
perf.
1.
pers.
plur.
TiFqMOg, noun sing. m. with npq prefixed, noun sing, with oy indefin. artic. prefixed.
6~i.
,
O), prepos.:
N
1.
from cypeio), with
T
the art.
f.
and
prefixed.
XF niNOMOC AyTHiq FBoAgtTFN MCOyCHC TTlgMOT &F NFM tMEeMHt AyO)(Oni FBoAglTFN THC TTXU. 17.
For
law was given by Moses, but the grace and
the
the truth were by Jesus Christ.
niNOMOC, noun verb perf. sing,
3.
pers.
with ^, defiu.
sing, with
with
plur. art.
m defin. q
suff.
art.
m.
AyTHiq, noun
't'MBdMttl;
f.
MRF g/\l NAy Fpoq FNF<3 ntMONOrFNHC <])HET XH t>EN KENq MrrEqicuT weoq HET
18. (J)t
Not any one hath ever seen, God; the only begotten of God, he who is in the bosom of his Father, he hath declared him.
HTTE.,NAY,
FNE> pron. 3.
adv. 3.
verb
3.
KFNq. noun
pers. sing.
pers.
sing,
sing, with q
OFT, pron.
relat.
negat.
prefixed.
suffixed.
Neoq,
AqcAxi, verb perf.
pers. sing.
TE ^MFTME9pE NTE IODANNHC OTE FT Ayoyu)pn e^poq NXE Niioy&Ai FBoAt>EN 19.
OyO
9AI
15*
116
Chap. VIII.
Praxis.
lAHM NANOyHB NFM gANAFytTHC gtNA NTOyU)FNq XF N80K NIM. And this is the testimony of John, when the Jews, who sent to him from
Jerusalem Priests
and
Levites
that they
might ask him, who art thou? 8Ai,
pron.def.
fern.
sing.
NTF,
fern. sing.
TF, verb, irreg. pres.
of gen. gore, adv.
sign
3. pers.
Apoq, prep,
joined with poq, a particle representing the pronoun. defin. art. plur. prefixed. NgANNiioyfcAt, noun with
w
noun
oyviB,
prefixed.
q
plur.
with
N
NToycgFNq, verb subjunct.
suffixed.
NGOK, pron.
2. pers.
oyog Aqoyo)N XF ANOK AN HF TTXC. And he confessed and
sing.
denied not;
plur. with
NIM, pron. sing.
and confessed that
MTTFqxcoA FBoA, from xo)A FBoA. AMOK,
pers. sing.
From the Hymns TIAAlN
for the Principal Feasts.
ON AqMOO)l
Again he walked U)A O^MOyN CNAY*) To Shmoun the second ;
AqXCOp FBOA NNIXAXI
He
dispersed the enemies t>FN TTIMA FTFMMAyIn that place. *)
pers.
perf. 3. pers. sing.
verb, negat. perf, 3. pers. sing, 1.
3.
indef. art. pi.
the Christ.
AqoycoNg, verb
pron.
AN,
MnpqxcoA FBoA oyog AqoycoNg
20.
I am not
and
gen.
The name
of a city of ancient Egypt.
TT1XGOK.
Index of Ihe
Prefixes, Suffixes,
&c.
Prefix Imperative, p. 54.
A, A,
Pref. 1st Perf. 3. p. sing.
A,
about, p. 44.
47. 3.
f.
1st Perf.
Pref.
Pief. 2. Ful. 1. p. sing. p. 51.
AINE,
Pref. 2. Fut. 1. p. sing. p. 51.
AK,
Pref.
AKNA,
1.
m.
Perf. 2. p. sing.
Pref. 2. Fut. 2. p. sing.
47.
p.
m.
p.
AN,
Pref. 1. Perf. 1. p. plur. p. 48.
AN,
Pref. negat. p. 79.
ANNA,
Pref. 2. Ful.
1.
ANNE,
Pref. 2. Fut.
1. p.
AOyT,
Parlic. p. 65.
ApE,
Pref.
ADEN A,
p. plur. p.
Apt,
Pref. Imperat. p.
ACNA,
f.
Pref. 2. Fut. 2. p. sing.
Pref.
1.
f.
and
f.
p. f.
3. p.
48.
54.
106.
Pref. p. 66.
p. 47.
2. p. plur. p.
Pref. 2. Fut. 3. p. sing.
ATETEN,
51.
p. plur. p.
Perf. 3. p. sing.
Pref. negal. p.
51.
plur. p. 51.
1. Perf. 2. p. sing.
ApETEN, Pref. 1. Perf. 2. ApETFNNA, Pref. 2. Ful.
AT,
48.
1st p. sing. p. 47.
AINA,
AC,
p. plur.
Prefix negat. p. 106.
A8, At,
m. and
47. p. 51.
51.
m. and
f.
sing. p. 51,
118
Index of the Prefixes, Suffixes, &c.
Pref.
Ay, Ay, Aq,
-
-
P ers - P'ur- P- 37.
Pref. 2. Fut. 3.
Pref.
AqNA,
48.
1. Perf. 3. p. plur.
Suff 3
AyNA,
48.
Pref. 1. Pcrf. 2. p. plur. p.
ATFTN,
1. Perf.
p
;
plur. p. 51.
m.
3. p. sing.
Pref. 2. Ful. 3. p. sing.
p. 47.
m.
p.
for
K
51.
A2CIT, Ordinal for hours, p. 43.
T,
Suff. to verbs. 2. p. sing.
F, F,
m.
p. 97.
Pref. Infinit. p. 54. Suff. 2. p.
f.
36, 45, 97.
p.
F, Sign of the Dative, Accus. and Ablat. p. 21, 22, 23.
F, Sign of the Participle, F, Forms Adjectives,
F6
Forms
;
F0, Forms
Participles, p. 65.
1. p.
sing. p. 46.
Pref. 3. Fut. 1. p. sing. p. 51.
FIF,
Pref. 2. Fut.
Pref.
1.
FKNA,
FN,
Pref. 2. Pres.
FN,
Suff.
1. p.
m.
p. 51.
and
3. p.
sing,
and
plur. p. 47.
sing,
and
plur. p.
47.
to verbs, p. 66.
with the Prefixes to verbs, p. 66.
if,
FNF,
Pref. 3. Fut.
F0y>
p. 51.
plur. p. 36.
FNF,
FNNA,
f.
1. p. plur. p.
with the Prefixes
if,
m.
verb. Bash. p. 91.
Pref. 2. Ful. 2. p. sing.
FAF,
FpF,
sing. p. 51.
Pref. 2. Ful. 2. p. sing.
FA, The Auxiliary
Fp ?
1. p.
Pres. 2. p. masc. sing. p. 46.
Pref. 3. Ful. 2. p. sing.
FKF,
FN,
p. 24.
Adjectives, p. 24.
Pref. 2. Pres.
FIN A, FK,
96.
Auxiliary verb. p. 90, 91.
F0pF, Flj
p. 65.
Pref.
1. p. plur. p.
51.
2. Fut. 1. p. plur. p. 51.
Suff. 3. pers. plur. p. 37.
Auxiliary verb. p. 91. Pref. 2. Ful. 2. p. sing.
f.
and
3. p.
47.
Bash.
Index of the Prefixes, Suffixes, &c. Prcf.
FpF,
3. Fut. 2. p. sing-,
FpFNA,
FpFTFNF,
Pref. 3. Fut.
f.
Pref. 3. Fut. 3. p. sing-,
FCNA,
FT A,
1. p.
plur.
m.
Pref. 2. Perf. 2. p. sing.
ETApETEN,
p.
Perf. 3. p. sing.
ETATETFN, Pref. p. 66. ETAy, Pref. 2. Perf. 3. p.
48, 65.
f.
p.
48, 65.
f.
plur. p. 48, 66.
Pref. 2. Perf. 3. p. sing.
m.
p.
48, 65.
FTFTEN, Pref. 2. Pres. 2. p. piur. p. 47. FTFTN, Pref. 2. Pres. 2. p. plur. p. 47.
FTFTN A,
Pref. 2. Fut. 2. p. plur. p. 51.
FTFTNF, Pref. 3. Fut. 2. p. plur. p. 51. FTFTNNA, Pref. 2. Fut. 2. p. plur. p. 51. Auxiliary verb. p. 90, 91.
FTpE,
Pref. 2. Pres. 3. p. plur. p. 47.
Ey,
FyF,
Pref. 3. Fut. 3. p. plur. p. 51.
EyNA, EU),
Fq,
FqF,
Pref. 2. Fut. 3. p. plur. p. 51.
Sign of the Potential Mood. p. 78. Pref. 2. Pres. 3. p. sing.
m.
p.
47.
Pref. 3. Fut. 3. p. sing. m. p. 51.
EqNA,
Pref. 2.
Ful
48, 66.
p. 48, 65.
when, Prefixed to verbs, p. 65.
ETF,
f.
48, 66.
Pref. 2. Pres. 2. p. plur. p.
Pref. 2.
m. and
sing. p. 48, 65.
Pref. 2. Perf. 1. p. plur. p.
FTApF,
ETAq,
and
Pref. 2. Perf. 2. p. sing-,
FTAK, ETAN,
p. 51.
f.
Participles, p. 65.
Pref. 2. Perf.
ETAC,
p. 51.
Adjectives, p. 24.
Pref. 2. Perf. 3. p. sing-,
ETAl,
plur. p.
47.
p.
f.
Pref. 2. Ful. 3. p. sing-,
FT, Forms FT? Forms
and
2. p. plur. p. 51.
Pref. 2. Pres. 3. p. sing-,
ECF,
3. p. sing-,
p. 51.
f.
Prof. 2. Fut. 2. p. plur. p. 51.
FpFTFNNA, EC,
and
f.
Pref. 2. Fut. 2. p. sing-,
119
3. p. sing.
m.
p. 51.
p.
48.
51.
120
Index of the Prefixes, Suffixes, &c.
FgOTF,
Sign of the Comparative,
p. 25.
Participles, p. 65.
HOyT, Hy, Participles, p. 65. HyT, Participles p. 65. Defin. Artie, p. 10.
6,
6A
Posses. Article, p. 13.
?
Auxiliary Verb. p. 89.
6DF, I,
Suff. 1. pers. sing-,
and
2. pers. sing.
Kj
Pref. 1. Pres. 2. p. sing.
K,
Suff. 2. p. sing.
KF, Between
m.
m.
p. 45, 46.
p. 36, 45, 97.
the Article and noun. p. 103.
KNA,
Pref. 1. Fut. 2. p. sing.
m.
p. 50.
KNF,
Pref. 1. Fut. 2. p. sing.
m.
p. 50.
AA
much.
?
p.
106. Bash.
a native, p. 105. Bash.
AFM,
AFC!, Forms compound nouns,
M, M,
Pref. to Pref.
MA,
p. 36, 45, 97.
f.
p. 105. Bash.
Gen. Dat. Ace. Abl. p. 21, 22.
Negat.
p.
84.
Pref. Imperat. p. 54.
Pref. Optative. 2. p. sing.
MA/\Fj
f.
and
m.
3. p. sing,
and
plur. p. 54.
54. Bash.
p. MAAFK, Pref. Optat. 1. p. plur. p. 54. Bash. MAAEN, MAAFC, Pref. Optat. 3. p. sing. p. 54. Bash. MAAETFN, Pref. Optat. 2. p. plur. p. 54. Bash.
Pref. Oplal. 2. p. sing.
f.
MAAFC1,
MAAl,
Pref. Optat. 3. p. sing.
m.
Pref. Optat. 1. p. sing. p. 54.
p.
54 Bash.
Bash.
MAAoy, Pref. Oplat. 3. p. plur. p. 54. Bash. MADFj Pref. Optative 2. p. sing. and 3. p. sing, MApFK, Pref. Oplat. 2. p. sing. m. p. 54. MApFN, Pref. Oplat. 1. p. plur. p. 54. f.
MApFC, Pref. Oplal. 3. p. sing. p. 54. MApETFN, Pref. Optal. 2. p. plur. p. 54. MApFTN, Pref. Optat. 2. p. plur. p. 54. f.
and
plur. p. 54.
Bash.
Index of the Prefixes, Suffixes, Pref. Oplal. 3. p. sing.
MApECJ,
p. 54.
Pref. Oplat. 1. p. sing. p. 54.
MApl, MApN",
Pref. Optat. 2. p. plur. p. 54. p. plur. p. 54.
MApOy, Pref. Optat. 3. MAgj Forms the Ordinal MEg, MET,
m.
121
c.
numbers. Copt.
Pref. to
nouns, Copt. p. 105.
Pref. to
nouns, Copt. p. 105.
p. 43.
'
Pref. to nouns, Sail. p. 105.
MN"T,
Forms
the Ordinal numbers MEg, MM Ay, Pref. Negat. p. 96. MIT ATE, Pref. Negat. p. 79, 86.
Sah. p. 43.
Pref. Negat. p. 79. 85.
MTIE,
Bash.
Pref. Negat. p. 89.
MTTE\,
Pref. Negat. p. 89.
MTTEp,
Pref. Negat. p. 89.
MJTp, N, Pref.
Negat. p. 79.
N,
Pref. to Gen., Dal., Aec., Abl. p. 21, 22.
IT,
Pref. 2. Pres. 2. p. plur. p. 47.
N,
Pref. Infinit. p. 54.
N,
Suff. 1. p. plur. p. 36, 46,
N,
Definite Artie, plur. p.
MA,
1 1
97.
.
Possess. Article, plur. p. 13.
NA, About, p. 44. NAl TIE, Pref. Imperf. 1. p. sing. p. 47. MAIN A, Pref. Imperf. Fut. 1. p. sing. p. 52. MAINE,
NAK
TIE, Pref. Imperf. 2.
NAKNA, NAKNE,
NAN
NApE
p. sing.
m.
p.
m.
Pref. Imperf. Fut. 2. p. sing.
Pref.
Imper.
1. p. plur. p.
p.
52.
p. 52.
Bash.
47.
Pref. Imper. Fut.
1. p. plur. p.
Pref. Imperf. Fut.
1.
HE,
47.
m.
Pref. Imperf. Fut. 2. p. sing.
TIE.,
MANNA, NANNF,
Bash.
Pref. Imperf. Fut. 1. p. sing. p. 52.
53.
p. plur. p. 53. Bash.
Pref. Imperf. 2. p. sing.
f.
and
3. p. sing,
and
plur. p. 47.
16
Index of the Prefixes, Suffixes, &c.
122
NApENA, Pref. Imper. Ful. 2. p. sing. and 3. p. sing, and pi. p. 52, 53. NApFNE, Pref. Imperf. Fut. 2. p. sing, and 3. p. sing, and pi. p. 52,53. NApETEN TIE, Pref. Imperf. 2. p. plur. p. 47. NApETENNA, Pref. Imperf. Fut. 2. p. plur. p. 53. Pref. Imperf. Fut. 2. p. plur. p. 53. NApETENNE, f.
f.
NAC
Pref. Imperf. 3. p. sing.
TIE.
NACNA,
^ re ^'
*
m P er
f-
3- P- plur. p.
Pref. Imperf. 3. p. sing.
TIE,
NP,
Pref. Subjunet. 2. p. sing.
NE
Defin. Article plur. p. 11.
?
m.
Pref. Imperf. Fut. 3. p. sing.
NA(1NA>
NE,
47.
p.
47. 53.
Pref. Imperf. Fut. 3. p. plur. p.
j
NACJ
f.
Pref. Imperf. Ful. 3. p. sing. p. 52.
Verb.
p.
m.
p.
47.
p.
m.
52.
p.
53.
92.
Irreg. verb. p. 92.
NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE
TE,
A
Pref. Pluperf. 3. p. sing.
TTE 7
Al
AK AN
TIE, TIE, TIE,
Pref. Pluperf.
m. and
Pref. Piuperf. 2. p. sing. Pref. Pluperf.
m.
ApE TTEj 2. ApETEN TIE, Pref. Pluperf. p. AC TIE, Pref. Pluperf. 3. p. sing.
f.
ATETH
TIE,
p. 48.
f.
and
p.
TTEj
HE,
Pref. Pluperf. 3. p. sing.
Pref. Imperf. Indef.
1.
m.
p. sing. p.
TIE, Pref. Imperf. Indef.
(AJA^E
TIE, Pref. Imperf. Indef. 2. p. sing.
U)AN
TIE,
FIE,
48.
f.
49.
m.
2. p. sing.
and
p.
49.
3. p. sing,
and pi.
p.
49.
Pref. Imperf. Indef. 1. p. plur. p. 49. Pref. Imperf. Indef. 2. p. sing.
O)ApETEN W)AC
p.
p. 48.
(WAK
?
f.
Pref. Pluperf. 2. p. plur. p. 49.
AC1
HE
m. and
48.
Ay
O) ApE
3. p. sing.
plur. p. 49.
Pref. Pluperf. 3. p. plur. p. 49.
U)Al TIE,
48,
p.
49.
1. p. plur. p.
Pref. Pluperf. 2. p. sing.
f.
48.
1. p. sing. p.
TTE,
f.
and
3. p. sing,
andpl. p.49, 50.
Pref. Imperf. Indef. 2. p. plur. p. 50.
Pref. Imperf. Indef. 3. p. sing,
f,
p.
49, 50.
Index of the Prefixes, Suffixes, &c.
123
NF O)ATETFN TTF, Pref. Imperf. Indcf. 2. p. plur. p. 50. ME tt)ATETN TTF. Pref. Imperf. Indef. 2. p. plur. p. 50. NE U)AY TTF, Pref. Imperf. Indef. 3. p. plur. p. 50, NEl
Pref. Imperf. 1. p. sing. p.
TTF,
NEINA OF,
NEK
TTF ?
NEKNA,
m.
Pref. Imperf. 2. p. sing.
47.
p.
m.
Pref. Imperf. Fut. 2. p. sing.
Defin. Artie, plur. p.
NFN,
47.
Pref. Imperf. Ful. 1. p. sing-, p. 52.
p. 52.
10.
MEN TTE, Pref. Imperf. 1. p. plur. p. 47. NENNA TTF, Pref. Imperf. Ful. 1. p. plur. NFC TTF, Pref. Imperf. 3. p. sing. p. 47.
53.
p.
Pref. Imperf. Fut. 3, p. sing. p. 62.
NECNA,
NETFTN TTF, Pref. Imperf. 2. p. plur. p. 47. NETETN A TTF, Pref. Imperf. Fut. 2. p. plur. p. TTF,
53.
Pref. Imperf. 3. p. plur. p. 47.
TTE,
Pref. Imperf. Fut. 3. p, plur. p. 53.
NFpF TTF, Pref. Imperf. 2. p. sing. 3. p. sing, and plur. p. 47. NFpFNA, Pref. Imperf. Fut. 2. p. sing.f. and 3. p. sing, and pi. p. f.
NEC,
Pref. Subjunct. 3. p. sing.
NEC],
Pref. Subjunct. 3. p. sing. rn. p. 53.
NEq HE,
NFqNA
TTF,
Pref. Imperf. Fut. 3. p. sing. p. 52. p. 10, 11.
Defin. Artie, plur. p.
1 1.
Pref. 2. Fut. 1. p. plur. p. 51.
NNA, FC,
Pref. Subjunct. 3. p. sing.
NEF,
p. 53.
Pref. Imperf. 3. p. sing. p. 47.
Nt, Defin. Artie, plur.
NH,
f.
f.
p. 53.
Pref. Subjunct. 3. p. plur. p. 53.
fTTA,
Pref. 2. Perf. 3. p. sing.
FTTA,
Pref. Subjunct.
NTAt,
HTAK,
m. and
1. p. sing. p.
f.
and
3. p. plur.
p.
48.
53.
Pref. 2. Perf. 1. p. sing. p. 48. Pref. 2. Perf. 2. p. sing.
m.
p. 48.
NT AN,
Pref. 2. Perf. 1. p. plur. p. 48.
NTAp,
Pref. 2. Perf. 2. p. sing.
f.
p. 48.
16*
52, 53.
Index of the Prefixes, Suffixes, &c.
124
NT AC,
Pref 2 Perf 3 -
FTTATFTR,
-
-
48
P- sin o- f P-
-
-
RTAy,
Pref. 2. Perf. 3. p. plur. p. 48.
NTAq,
Pref. 2. Perf. 3. p. sing.
m.
Sign of the genitive,
FITS,
Pref. Subjunctive, 2. p. sing.
plur. p.
Pref. Subjunel. 2. p. sing. Pref.
NTF^Fl, NTFAECJ,
Bash.
f.
m.
1. p. sing. p.
and
3. p. sing,
and
plur. p. 53.
p. 53.
65.
Pref. Bash. 3. p. sing. p. 65.
Pref. Subjunct. 1. p. plur. p. 53.
NTFN, NTFDFj
when, with prefixes
to verbs, p. 65.
Pref. Subjunct. 3. p. sing.
NTFC,
48.
p.
21.
NTFj
NTFK,
-
Pref. 2. Perf. 2. p. plur. p. 48.
NTFTFN,
p. 53.
f.
Pref. Subjunct. 2. p. plur. p. 53.
NTFTN, Pref. Subjunel. 2. p. plur. p. 53. HTH. Pref. Subjunct. p. plur. p. 53. \
.
Pref. Subjunct. 3. p. sing. p. 53.
NTFC],
Pref. Subjunel. 3. p. sing.
N(1,
53.
Pref. Subjunel. 3. p. plur. p.
NTOy,
NgOyO,
m.
p. 53.
Comparalive, p. 25. 21. Prefix, to verbs, p. 105.
NXF,
Sign of Ihe Nominative. Copt.
N
Sign of the Nominative. Sahid. p. 21. Pref. to verbs, p. 105. Participle, p. 65.
OOyT, Oy,
Indefin. Article sing. p.
Oy,
Suff. 3. p. plur. p. 37, 47, 97. ,
apart, ,
,
OyON, OyO)N, TT,
Used
1
2.
for the verb, to be, to have. p. 95.
apart,
,
,
p.
p. 44.
p. 44.
Pref. 2. Ful. 3. p. plur. p. 51.
apart,
Used
p.
44
for the verb to be, to have, p. 95.
apart,
p.
Defin. Article,
44.
m.
sing. p. 10, 11.
TTA, Possess. Article, m.
p. 13.
Index of the Prefixes, Suffixes, &c. 1
TTAXIN,
Particip. pers. sing
p. 54.
,
TTF, Defmit. Article, m. sing. to be, p. 91.
Verb
TIF,
Parlicip. 2. p. sing. p. 54.
TTFKXIN,
Signifies days. p. 44.
TTFCJ,
m.
Parlicip. 3. p. sing.
FIFqXlN,
Defin. Art. sing.
TTl,
11. vocat. p. 21.
p.
OF, apart,
p.
43.
OEM,
a
pR,
native, Sah. p. 105.
native, p. 105.
Pres. 3. p. sing.
C,
Pref.
1.
C,
Suff.
3. p. sing.
CA, An
artificer,
f.
p.
p. 46.
f.
37, 46, 97.
p. 105.
46.
Pref. 1. Pres. 3. p. plur. p.
CF,
CFNA,
Pref. 1. Fut. 3. p. plur. p. 50. Pref. 1. Fut. 3. p. plur. p. 50.
CFNF,
CM A,
p. 54.
p. 10, 11. vocat. p. 21.
m.
Pref.
1. Fut. 3. p. sing. 1. Fut. 3. p. sing.
f.
p. 50.
CNF,
Pref.
C0y>
Prefixed to days forms the Ordinal number, p. 43.
T,
Defin. Artie, sing.
T,
Suff. 1. p. sing. p.
TA
Pref. 4. Fut.
TAj
Possess. Article,
TAAFTFN.
f.
f.
p. 50.
p. 10, 11.
36, 97.
1. p. f.
sing. p. 52, sing. p. 13.
Pref. 4. Fut. 2. p. plur. p. 52.
TApFK, Pref. 4. Fut. 2. p. sing. m. p. 52. TApFC, Pref. 4. Fut. 3. p. sing. p. 52. TApETH, Pref. 4. Fut. 2. p. plur. p. 52. TApFq, Pref. 4. Fut. 3. p. sing. m. p. 52. f.
Pref. 4. Fut. 1. p. plur. p. 52.
,
lj
Pref. 4. Fut. 1. p. sing. p. 52.
TApOy?
p ref.
4. Fut. 3. p. plur. p. 52.
TF,
Definit. Article, sing.
TF,
Pref.
1.
f.
p. 11.
Pres. 2. p. sing.
f.
p. 46.
125
126
Index of the Prefixes, Suffixes, &c. Stiff. 2. p.
TE,
f.
sing.
p.
97.
TEN,
Pref. 1. Prcs. 1. p. plur. p. 46.
TEN,
Suff. 1. p. plur. p. 97.
TEN A,
Pref. 1. Fut. 2. p. sing.
TENNA, TENNE,
f.
50 and
p.
1. p. plur. p.
56.
1. p. plur. p.
97.
Pref. 1. Fut. 1. p. plur. p. 50. Pref. 1. Fut.
TEpA, Pref. 4. Fut. 2. p. sing. TETEN, Pref. 1. Pres. 2. p. plur. f.
f ETENNA,
56.
1. p. plur. p.
p. 52.
46.
p.
Pref. 1. Fut. 2. p. plur. p. 50.
Pref. 1. Pres. 2. p. plur. p. 46.
TETN, TETNA,
2
Pref. 1. Fut.
p. plur. p. 50.
Pref. 1. Fut. 2. p. plur. p. 50.
TETNNA, TM, Pref. negative, TN,
87, 88.
p.
Pref. 1. Pres. 1. p. plur. p. 46.
TH, Suff. 3. p. plur. part, p. 44. TOEj
p. 36. 2. p. plur.
TpE, The Auxiliary Verb, Y, Suff. 3. p. plur. p. 46. <j),
Defin. Article, sing.
(J)A,
X,
Possess.' Article,
p. 10.
sing. p. 13.
m.
46.
p.
Pref. 1. Fut. 2. p. sing.
m.
p. 50.
Sign of the vocat. p. 21. Participle, p. 65.
(JDOyT, tt),
m.
to be, to do, p. 89.
Pref. 1. Pres. 2. p. sing.
XNA, (D ?
m.
and
Sign of ihe Potential Mood.
p.
78.
Pref. Pres. Indef. 1. p. sing. p.
U)At,
Pref. Pres. Indef. 2. p. sing.
0)AK, ,
,
If,
tt)ANTE,
O)ApEj
with the prefixes,
p.
p. 49.
and
3. p. sing,
and
pi. p.
49. Bash.
67, 88.
Until, with the prefixes,
p. 66.
Pref. Pres. Indef. 2. p. sing.
U)ApETEN, U}AC,
m.
Pref. Pres. Indef. 2. p. sing,
49.
f.
and
3. p. sing,
Pref. Pres. Indef. 2. p. plur. p. 49.
Pref. Pres. Indef. 3. p. sing.
f.
p.
49.
and
plur. p. 49.
Index of the Prefixes, Suffixes, &c.
U)ATS,
Pref. Pres. Indef. 2. p. plur. p. 49.
Pref. Pres. Indef. 3. p, plur. p.
,
(A)OY?
Pref. Pres. Indef. 3. p. sing.
Pref.
O)TFM,
qNA,
m.
p.
49.
37, 46, 97.
m.
p.
46.
m.
p. 50.
1.
Fut. 3. p. sing. m. p. 50. Bash.
a person, master, &c.
j
p.
Pref. 1. Ful. 3. p. sing. Pref.
,
m.
87, 88.
Pref. negative, p.
Pref. 1. Pres. 3. p. sing.
,
49.
implying worthiness, p. 79. 105.
Suff. 3. p. sing.
q,
p. 66.
Pref. Pres. Indef. 2. p. plur. p. 49.
,
,
O)Aq,
with the prefixes,
Until,
p. 106.
Indef. Article, plur. p. 12.
Indef. Article, plur. p. 12.
,
,
Indef. Art. plur. p. 12.
,
Verb.
p.
92.
Conjunction p. 99 and verb. p. 92.
j
and
Participle, taking the article
XOO,
infixes, p. 65.
Verb. p. 92.
XTT, Forms the Ordinal numbers
for hours, p.
45.
XO), Verb. p. 92. Participle taking the Articles
Definit. Article, sing.
f.
^
Pref. 1. Pres. 1. p. sing. p. 46;
+,
Suff. 2. p. sing.
+NA, ,
Suff. 1. Fut. Suff. Pref.
1.
f.
and
infixes p. 65.
p. 10, 11.
p. 97.
1. p.
sing. p. 50.
Fut
1. p.
sing. p. 50.
127
7
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