Основы MathML. Представление математических текстов в Internet: Практическое руководство

. . . . . .

MathML. Internet

200-

MathML. Internet

.

.

, . .

,

. .

2003

Kazan Mathematical Society Chebotarev Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics Kazan State University 17 Universitetskaya Str. Kazan, Tatarstan, 420008, Russian Federation

, , 420008, , 17.

,

. .

e-mail: [email protected]

(

02-07-90230, 0303-07-90252)

MathML. /

.

.

,

. .

Internet. . . . , 2003. 56 .

,

:

-

MathML. MathML MathML , (LaTeX, Mathematica, Maple, Word). , .

, ,

,

-

.. © .

.

, . . ©

,

. .

, 2003 , 2003

1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 2 2.1 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 4 4.1 4.2 4.3

XML

. XML

XML DTD

XML MathML

XSL

DTD

XML

. . . . MathML ... .

Internet Explorer Mozilla

..

..

. ..

4.4 4.5 5

.. Mathematica

Web .

Mathematica 4.2 Mathematica 5.0 TeX MML TeX4ht TeX4ht XML

39 40 41

-

. 5.1 5.2 6 6.1 6.2 7

4 5 5 7 9 14 14 16 22 22 25 25 32 33 35 35 36 37 37 38

.. .. .. . .

42 42 44 47 47 48 50 54

, .

,

-

TeX,

. . -

. . . 1999

W3C (http://www.w3.org) MathML Mathematical Markup Language. XML. Web , , ), MathML -

MathML XML ( .

MathML : MathML -

, ; ,

-

MathML; ,

MathML

, (

,

,

LaTeX, Mathematica, Maple, Word). WebEq (www.dessci.com/en/ products/webeq), TeX MathML: TtM (http:// hutchinson. belmont.ma.us/tth/mml/), TeX4ht ( MikTeX), XML

TeX (MikTeX). MathML Internet Explorer ( Amaya; MathML CAD 2001, Wolfram Research MathML, ® Mathematica , , MathML. , , 02-07-90230 .

: ), Mozilla, Maple®

HTML, TeX. -

03-07-90252

1.

Math-

XML

1.1.

XML .

(

-

), . . .

, ,

-

HTML:

, , . .

,



.

, MS Word, .

,

LaTeX. ,

,

SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), .

-

, HTML

1998 Web (www.w3.org) Markup Language 1.0, , , , . XML

XML. World Wide Extensible XML.

XML (

),

1996

.

[1]

,

XML -

. , , . ,

.

[2, 3],

Web

, (

Web

-

Semantic Web) ,

XML

. XML .

, XML, , .

,

XML

-

MathML,

,

HTML,

-

, . ,

-

. [1]

. XML XML,

XML, ,



-

. XML

. ,

,

. XML . . ,

-

,

, (

,

,

).

XML

,

-

. ,

(entities).

< > &

< > & " ' ,

,

(well-formed),

-

XML.

, .

XML

,

1.2.

XML.

XML XML. ,

,

. 1.2.1.

Example1.xml. .

Lobachevsky'Journal Kazan State University ljm.ksu.ru MathML and TeX M. Malakhaltsev MathML and RDF E. Lipachev

. version

XML, .

-

XML ,

1.0 .

,

, . , XML

encoding. . encoding

-

. , ,

,

HTML. .

.

, , . , .

, ,

,

, ,

. .

-

, .

, .

-

ID, .

-

,

.xml , MS Internet Explorer.

-

XML

. ,

XML , XSLT

.

(

1.6). 1.3.

XML

DTD

XML DTD (Document Type Definition)

DTD

, , . .

.

. DTD XML

-

, -

. DTD

XML

, ,

,

, , ,

DTD, DTD

. XML ,

DTD

, .

XML

:

,

.

,

, ,

. .,

.

, DTD.

,

DTD . mathml2.dtd. XML

MathML DTD ),

-

.

, (

,

DTD

, (valid)

, , DTD XML

DTD

. .

DTD

. 1.3.1.

example1.dtd.



. -

DTD

DOCTYPE,

-

. 1.3.2.

example2.xml.

Lobachevsky'Journal Kazan State University ljm.ksu.ru MathML and TeX M. Malakhaltsev MathML and RDF E. Lipachev

DTD DTD , 1.3.3.

DTD

]>. ,

DTD.



.

-

]> Lobachevsky'Journal Kazan State University ljm.ksu.ru MathML and TeX M. Malakhaltsev MathML and RDF E. Lipachev

DTD ,

DTD.

, ) EMPTY). .

phone

(

-

( -

, ,

contacts ,

address, , +

url. ,

(

)

? (

(

),

*

).

, ,

.

-

+

, .

*

, ,

?

. -

, , .

,

,

article

,

title

-

,

-

author. (#PCDATA). ,

EMPTY . HTML.

ANY

,

,

. ,

,

,

ID

article,

, . :

,

. CDATA, .

-

ENTITY, ENTITIES, NMTOKEN

ID ,

ID, IDREF, IDREFS, NMTOKENS. , , ID . . [4]. . ,

#REQUIRED

, : #IMPLIED, #FIXED, , .

. , 1.4. DTD

,

MathML ,

MathML, http://www.w3.org/

DTD. Math/DTD/ : mathml2.dtd ( MathML); xhtml-math11-f.dtd , XHTML ( Combined XHTML + MathML DTD ). DTD Web-

stand alone DTD for

,

,

DTD

(

)

1.5. XML Namespaces ( , XML

,

XML) [5, 7] . , HTML,

, .

,

,

DTD,

,

,

. .

1.5.1. Lobachevsky'Journal ljm.ksu.ru MathML and TeX MathML and RDF

title

,

,

.

,

, .

1.5.2.

Namespaces.

Lobachevsky'Journal ljm.ksu.ru MathML and TeX MathML and RDF

,

-

,

URL, . . .

Web -

. , . XML

Web , xmlns -

. xmlns

, ,

. x

y.

,

,

-

. 1.5.3.

html

journal.

Lobachevsky'Journal Lobachevsky'Journal ljm.ksu.ru MathML and TeX MathML and RDF

1.6. XSL

XML , XML ,

. ,

HTML,

.

XML XSL (eXtensible Stylesheet Language). (

)

-

, -

(

,

)

,

.

XSL

, XML

, XML XSL. , ,

.

HTML , HTML,

, , XML XML HTML. XML, ,

.xsl XML. , example2.xml, .

1.6.1. XSL

XSL, . ,

,

1.3.2. ( ne.xsl)

-

XML

XSL 1.3.2.

,

,

XML

XSL

1.6.2. XSL

example2.xml. .

Lobachevsky'Journal Kazan State University ljm.ksu.ru MathML and TeX M. Malakhaltsev MathML and RDF E. Lipachev

example2.xml

Internet Explorer, :

-

. xsl:stylesheet. (xmlns:xsl). . ,

xsl:stylesheet XSL

.

XSL

-

. , XSL XML

.

, xsl:stylesheet,

. . XML ,

match (

language

,

JScript).

match= / ,

.

-

select ,

-

, .

XML

. , , , ,

,

,

:

XML . select . , ... journal/articles/article (

title

author).

1.6.3.

one.xsl.

XML

example2.xml

1.6.2

-

.

-

:

one.xsl





MathPlayer:

="5.5" ){ try { var oMP = new ActiveXObject("MathPlayer.Factory.1"); } catch(e) { alert("Can't find Design Science's MathPalyer" + "(http://www.dessci.com/webmath/mathplayer)");} } else { alert("Requires MSIE version 5.5 or later"); } -->

MathML ,

xml

MathML

:

.



,

Internet Explorer Mozilla

:

a + b

Mozilla, Internet Explorer.

,

3. ,

,

MathML (

,

-

, , MathML

TeX

,

;

).

, MathML

.

-

,

, . , (

) . ,

, .

. ,

, MathML, ,

, :

,

. . ,

,

, , MathML MathML -

.

. mrow, , .

msup,

, ,

,

,

,

.

, ,

. MathML 50 . (token elements) , . . .

,

-

,

30

, . ,

,

malignmark, mglyph (layout schemata)

(entity references).

-

,

( -

).

, . MathML.

MathML

( . .

),

(

, ,

,

,

,

-

). ,

, .

, (string literals) , ( , ,

,

-

. .), (character). , sin sin 24

24 . MathML (

http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML2).

-

3.1.

a

(identifier)

mi Mn Mo mtext

1324

(number) (operator), (separator) (text)

(fence) +

(string literal)

Ms

HHHHHHH

. 3.2. .

Mrow mfrac

-

msqrt ( )

mroot -

a b a + b a + d b + c

mpadded

a + b - c HTML+MathML;

c

MathMLForm, Mathematica MathML .

;

-

, MathML[Integrate[Sin[x],x]]

- cos ⁡ ( x )

,

MathML .

,

: .xml;



,

,

. Mozilla ,

Mozilla Mathematica,

MathML

,

-

: