World Championship Match 1894

Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894

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World Championship Match New York, Philadelphia, and Montreal 1894

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In 1894 the defending World Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz, Champion for the preceding 28 years, played a match for the title with Emmanuel Lasker. The match was won by Lasker, who would go on to hold the title for 27 years himself, by a score of +10 -5 =4. We've gathered the scores of these 19 games together, along with annotations by both combatants as well as American Champion Jackson Showalter - The Kentucky Lion. Each game can be followed on the screen using the diagrams provided, or on an interactive javascript board. 1

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10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 TOTAL

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½

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1

1

1

1

½

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1

1

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12

Steinitz 0

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Lasker

Game 1 Lasker v Steinitz 1-0 Ruy Lopez (Spanish), Steinitz Defense Game 2 Steinitz v Lasker 1-0 Ruy Lopez (Spanish) Game 3 Lasker v Steinitz 1-0 Ruy Lopez (Spanish), Steinitz Defense Game 4 Steinitz v Lasker 1-0 Guioco Piano Game 5 Lasker v Steinitz ½-½ Ruy Lopez (Spanish), Steinitz Defense Game 6 Steinitz v Lasker ½-½ Guioco Piano Game 7 Lasker v Steinitz 1-0 Ruy Lopez (Spanish), Steinitz Defense Game 8 Steinitz v Lasker 0-1 French Defense, Rubinstein Variation Game 9 Lasker v Steinitz 1-0 Ruy Lopez (Spanish), Steinitz Defense Game 10 Steinitz v Lasker 0-1 Ruy Lopez (Spanish), Steinitz Defense Game 11 Lasker v Steinitz 1-0 Semi-Tarrasch Game 12 Steinitz v Lasker ½-½ Queen's Gambit Declined Game 13 Lasker v Steinitz 0-1 C68 Ruy Lopez, Exchange Variation Game 14 Steinitz v Lasker 1-0 D46 Queen's Gambit Declined Game 15 Lasker v Steinitz 1-0 D60 - Orthodox Def. - Queen's Gambit Game 16 Steinitz v Lasker 0-1 D60 - Orthodox Def. - Queen's Gambit Game 17 Lasker v Steinitz 0-1 C50 - Guioco Piano - Hungarian Defense Game 18 Steinitz v Lasker ½-½ D67 Queen's Gambit Declined Game 19 Lasker v Steinitz 1-0 D40 - QGD, Semi-Tarrasch Defense

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 1

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Lasker v. Steinitz World Championship Match, Game 1, New York, 1894.03.15 C62: Ruy Lopez (aka Spanish), Steinitz Defense

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Lasker: Steinitz's well-known defense.

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Steinitz: The revival of this defense met with much opposition, but I have seen nothing as yet to vitiate the equalizing effect, which, in my opinion, it possess. 4. d4 Bd7 5. Nc3 Nge7 Steinitz: An important key move to this defense which I first adopted in my match against Gunsberg. 6. Bc4

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Lasker: Apparently loss of time, but the good position of that bishop seems ample compensation.

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6... Nxd4 7. Nxd4 exd4 8. Qxd4 Nc6 9. Qe3 Ne5 10. Bb3 c6 11. Qg3 Ng6 The Chessville Weekly The Best Chess Newsletter On the Planet!

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Steinitz: Of doubtful merit. 11...Be7 at once was preferable.

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 1

12. h4 Lasker: 12.Be3 was strong enough in this position. However, the text move embarrasses Black's development of pieces.

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12... Be6 13. Bxe6 fxe6 14. Bg5 Be7 15. O-O-O e5 16. Be3 O-O Chess Rules

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Lasker: If 16...Bxh4 17.Qg4, and now Black cannot play 17...Qc8, as 18.Rxh4 would follow, and he cannot stir the bishop on account of 18.Rxh7. Steinitz: If 16...Bxh4 17.Qg4 Be7 18.Rxh7, and should win. 17. Ne2 Rf7

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Steinitz: Again Black would expose himself to great danger by 17...Bxh4 18.Qg4, followed soon by Qh5. 18. h5 Lasker: It would have been risky to leave the pawn on its fourth, and to proceed with an attack by means of 18.Kb1. It might, however, have been promising enough. 18... Nf4 19. Bxf4 exf4 20. Qf3

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Steinitz: Obviously if 20.Nxf4 Rxf4, and the queen dare not retake. 20... Qa5 21. Kb1 Qe5 22. Nd4 Bf6 23. c3 Re8 24. Rhe1 Bd8 25. Qg4 Bc7 26. Nf3 Qf6 27. Nd2 Rfe7 28. f3 d5 29. Rh1 Re5 Steinitz: 29...Qf7 was by far better. 30. g3

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 1

Steinitz: A masterly coup, which relieves his position on the kingside, no matter what Black reply. 30... Rg5 Lasker: Of course if 30...fxg3 31.f4, and Black would do best to sacrifice the exchange. 31. Qd7 Qf7 32. Qxf7+ Kxf7 33. g4 Bb6 Steinitz: Inferior to 33...Rge5. 34. exd5 cxd5 Steinitz: 34...Rxd5 is preferable, leading to a natural draw position, with which I should have been content under the circumstances. 35. Nb3 Re6 36. Rhf1 Rge5 37. Nc1 Lasker: This forces the win of a pawn. 37... Bc7 38. Nd3 Rg5 39. Nb4 Ree5 40. Rd4 Bb6

Lasker: A very fine move, which nearly would have turned the tables. 41. Rxf4+ Kg8 42. Nd3 Steinitz: Much inferior to 42.Nc2, which wins easily. 42... Re2 43. Rd1 Be3 44. Rb4 b6 45. Ra4 a5 46. b4 Steinitz: This gives Black a chance for a counter-attack, which I believe should have equalized the game at least. 46... d4 47. c4 Lasker: White has nothing better as 47.cxd4 would be neutralized with 47...Rb5. 47... Bd2 48. b5 Bc3 49. Rg1 Rd2

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 1

Lasker: Black intends to sacrifice his exchange and very nearly succeeds in scoring the game thereby. As will be seen by the subsequent play, Black excels in detecting means of attack, which could only be met by a series of difficult and forced moves on the part of his antagonist. Steinitz: Ill-judged. 49...Kf7 seems better, with the following probable continuation: 50.f4 Rc5 51.Nxc5 bxc5, with better drawing chances. 50. f4 Rxg4 (Adjourned) 51. Rxg4 Rxd3 52. c5

Steinitz: Black cannot recover from the effects of this splendid move. 52... Re3 Steinitz: If 52...Rd1+ 53.Kc2 Rd2+ 54.Kb3 (54.Kb1 drives by 54...d3) 54... bxc5 55.Kc4, and wins. 53. Rc4 d3 54. Rg1 d2 55. Rd1 bxc5 56. b6 Bd4 57. b7 Re8 58. Kc2 Rb8 59. Rb1 Kf7 60. Ra4 1-0 Submit Your Game

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Steinitz v. Lasker 1894 Game 2

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Steinitz v. Lasker World Championship Match, Game 2, New York, 1894.03.19 C65: Ruy Lopez (aka Spanish)

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Lasker: 5...g6 is here the more common continuation.

Steinitz: To prevent the exchange of bishops by 6...Na5. 6... g6 7. Nbd2 Bg7 8. Nc4

8... O-O 9. Ne3 Ne7 10. Bb3 c6 11. h4 Steinitz: The usual course of attack against the king's fianchetto is here initiated. 11... Qc7 12. Ng5 d5 13. f3 Rad8 14. g4 dxe4

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6. Ba4

Steinitz: Usually I play 8.Nf1 at this juncture. The text move is just as good; it prevents 8...d5 at once.

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Lasker: 14...h6 at once would have been better as White then would not have a chance to place his queen on f3, as was actually done on the sixteenth move.

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Steinitz: As matters turned out, White obtains a much stronger position in consequence of the open file than he would have had by 14...h6 instead of this exchange. 15. fxe4 h6 16. Qf3 Lasker: A beautiful move, which turns the tables at once. 16... Be8 Steinitz: This is evidently best, as White threatens 16... hxg5 17. hxg5 Nh7 18. Ng2 Qd6 19. Qh3 17. Bc2 Nd7 Steinitz: Again if 17... hxg5 18. hxg5 Nh7 19. Nf5 gxf5 20. gxf5 f6 21. Bb3+ Bf7 22. Bxf7+ Rxf7 23. g6

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Steinitz v. Lasker 1894 Game 2

18. Nh3 Nc5 19. Nf2 b5 Chess Links

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Lasker: Premature. First 19...f6 would finally have led to a block on the queenside, and White had then hardly any chance of an attack left. "I believe Lasker means a block on the kingside, but all three sources of Lasker annotations state queenside." -- Pope 20. g5 h5 21. Nf5 Lasker: Very fine and good play. Black is now almost forced to accept the Grecian gift, as otherwise 22.Nxg7 would follow, creating an ugly hole at f6. 21... gxf5 22. exf5 f6

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Lasker: Forced; for if 22...Nd5, 23.Qxh5 Bh8 24.Ng4 follows, threatening 25. Nh6+ and 26.Nf7. Steinitz: If 22...Nd5 then 23.f6 Bh8 24.Qxh5 threatening 25. Ng4 or 25.d4 accordingly. 23. g6 Nxg6 Lasker: This move is also forced, as 23...Bd7 leads to a straight loss on account of 24.Qxh5 Re8 25.Qh7+ Kf8 26. h5, threatening 27. h6. 24. fxg6 Bxg6 25. Rg1 e4?

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Steinitz v. Lasker 1894 Game 2

Lasker: A bad move in the nature of a blunder. With 25...Kh7 White seems hardly to have anything better than to continue with 26.Rxg6, followed by 27. d4+; although White wins thereby a piece, the two passed pawns and the exchange should tell in the endgame. Steinitz: This 25...e4 is absolutely a failure as a defensive measure. He had a much better resource, namely: 25... Bxd3 26.Bxd3 Rxd3 27.Nxd3 e4! with a counter-attack against which it would have been difficult for White to make good his superiority of material: 25... Bxd3 26. Bxd3 Rxd3 27. Nxd3 e4. 26. dxe4 Kh7 Lasker: A great blunder, which leaves no hope for Black. After this White finishes the game in a remarkably energetic style. Steinitz: His game was difficult to defend: 26...Qf7, however, was undoubtedly better. 27. Rxg6 Kxg6 28. Qf5+ Kf7 29. Qxh5+ Kg8 30. Qxc5 Qe5 Steinitz: Necessary to parry 31.Bb3+, followed by 32.Qh5+. 31. Be3 a6 32. a4 Rfe8 33. axb5 axb5 34. Qxe5 Rxe5 35. Ra6 Rc8 Steinitz: If 35...c5, 36.Ng4 winning the f-pawn. 36. Ng4 Re7 37. Bc5 Ree8 38. Ne3 Bf8 39. Bd4 Kf7 40. h5 Be7 41. Bb3+ Kf8 42. Nf5 Steinitz: White threatens 43.Be3 and afterward Ra7. 1-0 Submit Your Game

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 3

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Lasker v. Steinitz World Championship Match, Game 3, New York, 1894.03.21 C62: Ruy Lopez (aka Spanish), Steinitz Defense

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[Or download the PGN file to use in your own chess program.] 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 d6 4. d4 Bd7 5. Nc3 Nge7 6. Bc4 exd4 7. Nxd4 Nxd4 8. Qxd4 Nc6 9. Qe3 Ne5 10. Bb3 Be6 "Within a few pages I was hooked" - see the review by GM Ian Rogers.

11. f4 Nc4 Steinitz: A sad waste of time. Four moves later this knight returns to d7, where it should have gone at once.

Steinitz: Of course he could not take the pawn with either rook or bishop, or the latter would have been ultimately blocked out by pawn to b6. 16... Qc7

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Lasker: In the first game Steinitz played here 10...c6, as that move is made later on it amounts to a reversal of moves.

12. Qg3 Nb6 13. Be3 c6 14. f5 Bxb3 15. axb3 Nd7 16. Bf4

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Steinitz: If 16... Nf6 17. e5 Nh5 18. Qe3 Nxf4 19. exd6+ Be7 (19... Kd7 20. Qxf4 Bxd6 21. O-O-O Kc7 22. Qc4 threatening 23.Nb5+ or 23.Qxf7+) 20. dxe7 Qxe7 21. Qxe7+ Kxe7 22. O-O with the superior game. 17. b4 f6

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Lasker: Very risky on account of the hole which is created thereby on e6 and which the white knight at once tries to occupy. On the other hand, it is necessary for the purpose of relieving the queen. Steinitz: Sooner or later this move had to come in, but now it was so ill-timed as to compromise the game seriously. 17...Ne5 was undoubtedly superior. 18. Ne2 Ne5 19. Nd4 Qb6 20. c3 O-O-O 21. Ne6 Rd7 22. Be3 Qb5 Lasker: A grand conception, for if 22... c5 23. O-O a6 24. bxc5 dxc5 25. b4 Steinitz: Probably the best resource. If 22... c5 23. Nf4 followed soon by 0-0 with a powerful attack. 23. Rxa7 b6

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 3

Steinitz: Desperate as this appears, Black had hardly anything better. If 23... Kb8 24. Ra5 followed by Ba7+ or if 23... Rc7 24. Ra8+ Kd7 25. Rd8+ Ke7 26. Bd4 with a winning game. As it is, White obtains a strong attack for the material sacrificed.

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24. Ra8+ Kb7 25. Rxf8 Rxf8 26. Nxf8 Qd3 27. Rf1 Chess Rules

Lasker: Of course 27.Nxd7 only leads to a draw by perpetual check. Place Your Ad in Chessville or in The Chessville Weekly

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Steinitz: After careful analysis, I think that Black should at least draw, and had many winning chances had he played 28... Nc4 29. Qf4 Rd8 30. Ne6 Ra8 31. Ke2 Ra2 with a powerful attack. Other variations are still more favorable for the second player. 29. Ne6 Qxe4+ 30. Qe3 Lasker: The proper reply. 30. Kd1 would be bad on account of 30... Qb1+ 31. Bc1 Nd3 32. Qxd6 Nxb2+ 33. Ke2 Qe4+ 34. Be3 Qxe3+ 35. Kxe3 Nc4+

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30... Qxg2 31. b3 Lasker: If 31.Qe2 at once, 31...Qd5 follows with a very strong attack.

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31... Re8 Steinitz: 31...Qxh2 seems to give White much time for development by 32.b5, followed by 33.Kd1.

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32. Qe2 Qh3 Lasker: Of course not 32...Qd5, as 33.c4 forces the exchange of queens.

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33. Kd1 Ra8 34. Rf2 Steinitz: Compulsory, to avoid a draw at least, and simple as it looks, it is beautiful play, which came quite unexpectedly. 34... Ra2 35. b5 c5 36. Nxg7 d5 37. Kc1

Steinitz: Another fine and quiet move in Lasker's happy style. It practically forces the exchange of queens. 37... Qd3

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 3

Lasker: A last attempt, and as such an ingenious resource. White's material advantage, however, must tell in the end. 38. Qxd3 Nxd3+ 39. Kb1 Rb2+ 40. Ka1 Rxb3 41. Rf3 c4 42. Ne8 Nb4 43. Rg3 Ra3+ 44. Kb1 Rb3+ 45. Kc1 Nd3 + The game was adjourned here. 46. Rxd3 Steinitz: 46. Kc2 would have won quicker, for if 46... Rb2+ 47. Kd1 Nf2+ 48. Kc1 and wins. 46... cxd3 47. Nxf6 Rxb5 48. Ne8 Steinitz: By no means as expeditious as 48.Nxh7. 48... Kc6 49. f6 d4 50. Ng7 dxc3 51. Bxc3 Rg5

Steinitz: An awful blunder. There was still some chance of a draw by 51...Kd7. After the text move the game is lost, for if 52...Rg1+ 53. K-moves Rf1 54.Ne6 wins. 52. f7 Lasker: For if 52...Rg1+ 33.Kd2 Rf1 34.Ne6, winning the rook. 1-0 Submit Your Game

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Steinitz v. Lasker World Championship Match, Game 4, New York, 1894.03.24 C54: Guioco Piano

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Steinitz: A good deal of surprise prevailed when I, as my debut in this game, selected a Giuoco Piano. Not only because I heretofore have never been known to adopt this opening, but moreover, because I chose a most universal form, which practically has been given up by the masters. The new idea which I had in view did not come to the surface, as Lasker was the first to make an alteration from the usual line of play by 8...Be7. 9. Nc3 O-O 10. Bd3 f5 11. exf6

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Steinitz: My eleventh move proved a surprise, as I exchanged an apparently strong passed pawn, and furthermore, deliberately isolated my d-pawn in order to keep up an attack against the kingside. 11... Nxf6 12. Be3 Nb4 13. Bb1 Ng4

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Steinitz: On the thirteenth move Black initiated an ingenious counter attack and a regular fireworks game of sacrifices. Your Move Chess & Game The Net's Largest Chess Superstore Check out the Selection!

14. a3 Nxe3 15. fxe3 Bh4+ 16. g3 Steinitz: After Black checked with his bishop, White perhaps, would have done better to play 16.Kd2, which would have yielded him a clear pawn, as Black was bound to retreat his knight, whereupon 17.Nxd5 would have been followed, which Black evidently could not retake on account of 18.Ba2 winning the queen.

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16... Bg4 Lasker: Black sprung an attack upon his adversary early in the game, leaving two pieces "en prise," which, however could not have been taken, because Black would have doubled his rooks on the f-file, and thereby forced a win. White thereupon extricated himself skillfully and eventually he espied a variation by means of which he secured a pawn. 17. O-O Qe8 18. axb4 Qh5 19. Nxd5 Steinitz: My nineteenth move was faulty; a subsequent examination showed that I should have taken the bishop instead of the knight. It would have much sooner extricated me from all difficulties.

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Steinitz v. Lasker 1894 Game 4

19... Rxf3 Chess Links

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Lasker: Many players thought that with 19...Bxg3 I could have forced a win. White, however, would have replied 20. hxg3 Rxf3 and if 20... Bxf3 21. Rxf3 Rxf3 22. Kg2 and has the best of it. 20. Nf4 Lasker: Now an end game of highly interesting, in which White seemed to have the pull. Steinitz: With my twentieth move I forced a series of exchanges which left me with a simple end game and a pawn ahead. A long struggle followed. 20... Rxf4 21. Qb3+ Rf7 22. Rxf7 Qxf7 23. Ba2 Qxb3 24. Bxb3+ Kf8 25. gxh4 Ke7 26. Bd5

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Steinitz: White missed several chances of finishing off the game in a more easy manner. Notably, in the twentysixth move, where he should have played 26.b5, instead of 26.Bd5. 26... c6 27. Be4 a6 28. Ra5 h6 29. b5 cxb5 30. Bxb7 Ra7 31. Bc6 Bd7 32. Bxd7 Kxd7 33. Kf2 Kc6 34. Ke2 Kb6 35. Ra1 a5 36. Kd3 a4 37. e4 Rf7 38. e5 Rf3+ 39. Ke4 Rf2 40. Rb1 Kc6 41. d5+ Kd7 42. Kd4

Lasker: Black defended himself all right to a certain point, but lost in the end by an obvious blunder, when the game ought to have been a draw. Steinitz: Lasker defended himself most ingeniously, and owing to some weak play on the other side, it is by no means certain that White would have won, after having neglected the forcible 42.Rg1.

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Steinitz v. Lasker 1894 Game 4

42... Rd2+ 43. Kc5 Rc2+ 44. Kxb5 Re2 45. e6+ Kd6 46. Rd1 Rxb2+ 47. Kxa4 Rxh2 48. Re1 Ra2+ 49. Kb3 Ra8 50. Kc4 g5 51. hxg5 hxg5 52. Kd4 Ra4+ 53. Kd3 Ra3+

Steinitz: However, Lasker completely compromised his game on his fifty-second and fifty-third moves by useless checks, which only helped White to bring his king to the support of his pawns, which now marched on victoriously. 54. Ke4 g4 55. Kf5 Ra8 56. e7 Re8 57. Kf6 g3 58. Kf7 Kd7 59. d6 g2 60. Rg1 1-0 Submit Your Game

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 5

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Lasker v. Steinitz World Championship Match, Game 5, New York, 1894.03.27 C62: Ruy Lopez (aka Spanish), Steinitz Defense

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[Or download the PGN file to use in your own chess program.] 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 d6 4. d4 Bd7 5. Nc3 Nge7 6. Bc4 exd4 7. Nxd4 Nxd4 8. Qxd4 Nc6 9. Qe3 Be6

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Lasker: This seems better than 9...Ne5, as played by Steinitz in the first and third games.

10. Nd5 Be7 11. Bd2 O-O 12. O-O

12... Ne5 13. Bb3 Bxd5

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Lasker: An unpleasant necessity. White retains two bishops against bishop and knight, which is considered an advantage. Steinitz: Black has gained some moves by first attacking the bishop before effecting this exchange. It is pretty obvious that White will have to retake with the bishop. 14. Bxd5 c6 15. Bb3 Nd7 16. Rad1

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Steinitz: The whole variation arising from White's sixth move is new. Black, after different experiments, came to the conclusion that the text move is Black's best reply.

Lasker: It is safer to castle on the kingside in this position.

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Lasker: Playing against the weak d-pawn. 16... a5 Lasker: An ingenious departure in order to develop inactive pieces. Steinitz: For defensive purposes to prevent Bb4, but for attacking purpose also.

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17. c3 a4 18. Bc2 Re8 19. Qh3 Nf8 Lasker: 19...g6 would weaken the position too much. 20. Be3

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 5

Steinitz: White had not much prospect of an attack; for this reason, 20.Bc1, fortifying the queenside would have been finer play. Chess Links

20... Qa5 Lasker: In order to get the queen to the kingside. Chess Rules

Steinitz: Not as good as 20...Qc7. Place Your Ad in Chessville or in The Chessville Weekly Advertise to 10,000+ chess fans for as little as $25.

21. a3 Steinitz: Uncalled for; since in reply to 21...a3, which White seemed to fear, 22.b4 was a satisfactory answer. 21... Qb5 Steinitz: Black's counter attack is probably premature. He should have been contented with having weakened the adverse queenside and retreated 21...Qc7, followed by 22...b5. 22. Bc1 Rad8 Lasker: This move ought to lose the game.

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Steinitz: An oversight, which costs a pawn, 22...Ng6 instead would have given him a capital game. Still, Black has acquired some superiority of position which compensates him for the loss. 23. Rd4 d5 24. exd5 Lasker: 24.Bxa4 would have been simpler and better. 24... Bc5

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25. Rf4 Lasker: Also here 25. Bxa4 Qe2 26. Rd2 would easily win; the text move gives all the advantage away and Black gets the best of it. Steinitz: By far superior was 25. Bxa4 Qa6 26. Rf4 Ng6 27. Bb3 and the attack would be worth the exchange which White offers. 25... Ng6 26. c4 Steinitz: Although this blocks out Black's queen for a time, it is very injurious for the ending. The right play was 26. dxc6 bxc6 27. Re4. It should be noted, however, that if Rxa4 on this or his previous move, Black would win by Bxf2 + followed by Qe2+, or Re1+ accordingly. 26... Qa6 27. Bxg6 fxg6 28. Rh4 Steinitz: This and the next two moves were made under pressure of time-limit; but certainly without merit; P-QKt4 instead looks more feasible. 28... h5 29. Bg5 Rd6 30. dxc6

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 5

30... Qxc6 Steinitz: It was thought by some experts that Black could win here with 30... Bxf2+ but White effects a narrow escape by 31. Kxf2 Qb6+ 32. Kg3 Rd3+ 33. Rf3 and wins. 31. Qf3 Steinitz: He had nothing better, as Black threatened 31...Re2. 31... Qxf3 32. gxf3 Re2 33. Bc1 Rxf2 34. Rxf2 Rd1+ 35. Kg2 Bxf2 36. Kxf2 Rxc1 37. Kg3 b6 38. Rd4 Rc2 39. Rd8+ Kh7 40. Rb8 Rxb2 41. Ra8

Steinitz: White is wriggling out of a difficult game with consummate skill. 41... g5 42. Rxa4 h4+ 43. Kh3 Rf2 44. Rb4 Rxf3+ 45. Kg4 Rxa3 46. Rxb6 Ra2 47. Kxg5 Rxh2 48. Rb3 Rh1 Steinitz: 48...Rc2 instead was the simplest way of drawing. 49. Rc3 h3 50. Kg4 And a draw was agreed. 1/2-1/2 Submit Your Game

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Steinitz v. Lasker 1894 Game 6

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Steinitz v. Lasker World Championship Match, Game 6, New York, 1894.03.29 C54: Guioco Piano

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[Or download the PGN file to use in your own chess program.] 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. c3 Nf6 5. d4 exd4 6. e5 d5 7. Bb5 Ne4 8. cxd4 Bb6

"Within a few pages I was hooked" - see the review by GM Ian Rogers.

Lasker: In the fourth game I played here 8...Be7; as, however, the c6-knight has the intention of going to that square later on, this move seems superior.

9. Nc3 O-O 10. Be3 f5

11. exf6 Nxf6 12. Rc1 Qd6 Lasker: White threatened 13.Bxc6, followed by 14.Ne5. 13. O-O Bg4

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Steinitz: The regular book move and superior to the experiment, 8...Be7, as Lasker played in the fourth game.

Lasker: Necessary, in order to break White's attack.

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Steinitz: Black develops rapidly. This is certainly better than 13... Ng4 14. h3 Rxf3 15. hxg4 Rf7 16. f3 etc., as pointed out by Pillsbury. 14. Be2 Rae8 15. h3 Bxf3

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Lasker: 15...Bc8 would have been just as good, but this move leads subsequently to the weakening of White's queenside. 16. Bxf3 Ne7 17. Ne2 Ng6 18. g3 Lasker: Forced, as 18...Nh4 with a strong attack was threatening.

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18... c6 19. Bg2 Ne4 20. Qb3 Qf6 21. a4 Nd6 Steinitz: Several experts afterward pointed out that 21...Nd2 was much superior. The most likely continuation was 21... Nd2 22. Bxd2 Rxe2 23. Be3 Bxd4 24. Qxb7 Bxe3 25. fxe3 Rf2 and play as White may, Black will remain with a superiority.

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Steinitz v. Lasker 1894 Game 6

22. Qb4 Steinitz: 22. a5 with a view to going on to the sixth, in case the bishop retreats, would not have worked well, on account of 22... Bxa5 23. Bxd5+ cxd5 24. Qxd5+ Kh8 25. Qxa5 Qf3 followed soon by 26...Nf5.

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22... Nc4 23. Rxc4 Chess Rules

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Lasker: The turning point of the game was the sacrifice of the exchange; although daring it relieved White considerably, and it appears that in no stage of the subsequent play could Black force a win. Steinitz: The sacrifice seems to be sound, as the sequel shows. 23... dxc4 24. a5 Bd8 25. Qxb7 Bxa5 26. Qxa7

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Steinitz: Perhaps a better plan was 25.Qxc4+, followed ultimately by pawn to a6. 26... Bd2 Steinitz: Very ingenious.

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27. Qc5 Bxe3 28. fxe3 Qe6 29. Rxf8+ Rxf8 30. e4 Qf7 31. Kh2 Rb8 32. Qxc6 Ne7

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Lasker: If, for instance, Black on his thirty-second move, had continued with 32... Rxb2 then White would have replied: 33. Qc8+ Nf8 34. Nf4 g5 35. Qg4 and it cannot be seen how Black could play for a win in this position, strong as his passed pawn may appear. Steinitz: 32... Rxb2 at once appears to be stronger. The game was likely to proceed 33. Qc8+ Nf8 34. Nf4 g5 35. Qg4 c3 36. Qxg5+ Ng6 37. Nd3 Qa2. 33. Qc7 Rxb2 34. Nf4 g5 35. Nd5 Nxd5 36. Qd8+ Kg7 37. Qxg5+ Kh8 38. exd5 Re2 39. Qd8+ Re8 40. Qg5 Qg7 41. Qd2 Qf6 42. Qc3 Rc8 43. Bf3 Rb8 44. Bg2 Rc8 Steinitz: The last moves were made under pressure of time limit. 45. h4 Qd6 Lasker: If there was any chance later on with a line of play suggested by Showalter, namely 45...Qf5 instead of 45... Qd6, I could not take advantage of such a line of play because I was pressed for time, and could not possibly study out all the variations at my disposal. 46. Bh3

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Steinitz v. Lasker 1894 Game 6

[Here the game was adjourned, with Lasker sealing the move.] 46... Rc7 Steinitz: R-Kt1 seems to give Black more chances of attack. White's best answer would have been B-B1. [I'm under the impression Steinitz means 46...Rb8 and not 46...Rg8, but I am not certain.-Pope] 47. Be6 Qf8 48. Kg2 Qf6 49. Qa5 Re7 50. Qc5 Steinitz: To drive the king out to h6 was of no use. It was more important to get rid of the dangerous c-pawn. 50... Re8 51. Qxc4 Rf8 52. Qe2 Steinitz: No better was 52. d6 Qf2+ 53. Kh3 Rf3 54. Qc8+ Rf8 55. Qc7 Qf1+ 52... Qxd4 53. d6 Rd8 54. d7

Lasker: The position after the forty-fifth move was rather to White's advantage, which he increased very nicely on his fifty-third turn by the offered sacrifice of his passed pawn. Of course I could not take it, as his queen would have given a neat mate on b2. However I could sacrifice the exchange, which White had to accept, because, if 54. Qf3 Qb2+ 55. Kh3 Qe5 and it would lead to a draw. 54... Rxd7 55. Bxd7 Qxd7 56. Qe5+ Kg8 57. h5 Qg7 58. Qe8+ Qf8 59. Qxf8+ Kxf8 Steinitz: After this a regular book position arises. 60. Kf3 Kf7 61. Kg4 Kg7 62. Kg5 Kf7 Steinitz: It is noteworthy that 62... Kg8 63. Kh6 Kh8 64. g4 Kg8 65. g5 Kh8 66. g6 hxg6 67. hxg6 Kg8 68. g7 Kf7 69. Kh7 wins. 63. Kh6 Kg8 64. Kg5 Lasker: After the exchange of queens on the fifty-ninth move the game got to a well known book position, in which White lacked a tempo to win. For instance, if 64. g4 Kh8 65. g5 Kg8 66. g6 Kh8 Steinitz: It will be seen that by advancing the pawn only a stalemate would result. 64... Kf7 65. Kf4 Kg7 66. Kf5 Kf7 67. g4 h6 68. Ke5 Ke7 69. Kd5 Kf6 70. Ke4 Ke6 71. Kd4 Kf6 1/2-1/2

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 7

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Lasker v. Steinitz World Championship Match, Game 7, New York, 1894.04.3 C62: Ruy Lopez (aka Spanish), Steinitz Defense

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Joel Channing

A turning point in the match. Lasker tries a new line and sacrifices more than one pawn to stir up an attack. Steinitz defends masterfully, but overestimates his position and plays for a win, only to make a horrible blunder on the fortyfirst move, throwing away the game. This must have greatly affected the old lion. The match had been perfectly even up to this point, but Lasker went on to win not only this game, but the next four straight, effectively sealing the outcome of this title match.

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1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 d6 4. d4 Bd7 5. Nc3 Nge7 6. Be3 Lasker: The game proceeded on novel lines from the sixth move, when, in order to get more advantage out of the position, I changed my line of attack completely. [Lasker had previously played 6.Bc4] The fundamental difference of the two treatments consisted in the early castling on the queenside and playing for an attack on the kingside. Steinitz: A novel line of play for the attack. 6... Ng6 7. Qd2 Be7 8. O-O-O a6 9. Be2 exd4 10. Nxd4 Nxd4 11. Qxd4 Bf6 12. Qd2 Bc6 13. Nd5 O-O 14. g4 Lasker: It seems, however, that I overreached my attack when playing 14.g4. A quiet move like 14.f3 first would have greatly solidified my position. 14... Re8 15. g5

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Steinitz: This advance is premature, He evidently overlooked Black's coming scheme. 15.f3 was better. 15... Bxd5 16. Qxd5 Steinitz: This is bad and should have lost; 16.exd5 was the correct move. 16... Re5 17. Qd2 Bxg5 18. f4

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Steinitz: This results in the loss of a second pawn, but is White's best chance of attack now. 18... Rxe4 (The following note appears between White's 18th move and Black's 23rd move.-Pope)

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 7

Steinitz: A kingside attack was here his only chance and White now plays a rather ingenious one. 19. fxg5 Qe7 20. Rdf1

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Lasker: Steinitz, by a very finely laid trap, gained two pawns, and, although I could have won at least one of them back by 20.Bf3, I preferred to go on with my attack. Chess Rules

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Lasker: Apparently Black underrated the game, otherwise he would have played 21...Rf8. 22. h4 c6 23. g6

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Lasker: Perhaps my twenty-third move was unexpected to him. When I sacrificed a third pawn he did not see his way clear to accept the offer, because I would have forced an open h-file. 23... d5 Steinitz: A little consideration ought to have shown Black that he could safely capture, 23...hxg6, followed by pawn to g5 upon the advance of White's h-pawn to the fifth. 24. gxh7+ Kxh7 25. Bd3+ Kg8 26. h5 Re8 27. h6 g6 28. h7+ Kg7 29. Kb1 Qe5 30. a3 c5 31. Qf2 c4

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32. Qh4 Steinitz: At first glance it would seem that White could win by 32. Bxg6 But this does not realize if Black simply plays 32... fxg6 33. Qh4 Nf7 34. h8=Q+ Rxh8 35. Rxf7+ Kxf7 36. Qxh8 Qxh8 32... f6 Lasker: On Steinitz's thirty-second turn I expected 32... Kf8 whereupon again 33. Bf5 would have left me with good chances for a draw, as the bishop could not well be taken: 33... gxf5 on account of 34. Rhg1. My opponent preferred to play 32...f6 instead, which was a trifle risky. In consequence I held a very strong position, which should have been a warning for Black not to attempt to force the win. In the end Black's winning chances were almost annihilated, if indeed White had not the best of the bargain. 33. Bf5 Kf7 34. Rhg1 gxf5 Steinitz: 34...g5 was probably better. 35. Qh5+ Ke7 36. Rg8 Kd6 37. Rxf5 Qe6 38. Rxe8 Qxe8 39. Rxf6+ Kc5 Steinitz: Now 39...Kc7 was much better.

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 7

40. Qh6 Re7 41. Qh2 Qd7

Lasker: However, Steinitz, still playing for a win, committed a great blunder on his forty-first move, lost the queen and knight or rook, and resigned shortly afterward. Steinitz: Disastrous. Black was, however, under pressure of time limit hereabouts. He should have played 41... Re6 42. Qg1+ d4 43. Qg5+ Qd5 44. Rf5 Qxf5 45. Qxf5+ Kd6 46. Qf6+ 1-0 Submit Your Game

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Steinitz v. Lasker 1894 Game 8

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Steinitz v. Lasker World Championship Match, Game 8, New York, 1894.04.05 C10: French Defense, Rubinstein Variation

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"Within a few pages I was hooked" - see the review by GM Ian Rogers.

Lasker: Perhaps not as strong as the usual continuation 3...Nf6. It has the advantage of creating a free game in the center.

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Steinitz: First brought into public notice by the late J. H. Bauer in a local tournament in Vienna. 4. Nxe4 Nd7 5. Nf3 Ngf6 6. Ng3 c5 7. Be2 Lasker: The bishop cannot well be played to d3 as it would constantly be harassed on that square by the black knights. 7... cxd4 8. Nxd4 Bc5 9. Nb3 Be7 10. O-O O-O 11. Bd2 Qc7 12. c4

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Lasker: Partly to keep the black pieces from d5, partly a preparation for a queenside attack. The text move gives White a little pull. Your Move Chess & Game

12... Ne5 13. Qc2 Steinitz: 13.Rc1 was superior.

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13... Ng6 Steinitz: Hardly as good as 13...Nc6. 14. Rfe1 Steinitz: More consistent with the queenside attack which he had in view was 14.Rfc1.

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14... Bd7 15. Rac1 Rfc8 Steinitz: Black also loses time. 16. Bf1 Ba4 17. Bc3 Ng4

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Steinitz v. Lasker 1894 Game 8

Steinitz: This move is wasted, as will be seen. Lasker: Laying a trap. If White advances 18. h3 Bxb3 19. axb3 Bc5 20. hxg4 Qxg3 21. b4 Nf4 22. bxc5 Nh3+ 23. Kh1 Nxf2+ 24. Kg1 Nxg4 and should win.

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18. Qe2 Nf6 19. Nd4 Bd7 20. b4 Rd8 21. Qb2 Rac8 22. Nb3 Qf4 23. Bd2 Qb8 Chess Rules

Steinitz: Black sees in time that nothing could be gained by 23... Qh4 24. Nd4 Bc6 25. Ngf5 winning a very strong pawn. Place Your Ad in Chessville or in The Chessville Weekly

24. b5

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Advertise to 10,000+ chess fans for as little as $25. Single insert: $35 x4 insert: @ $25 each. Submit your ad here! Lasker: This move gets White into difficulties. 24.Bc3 would have been preferable. White's object ought to have been to maintain a pressure on the adversary's kingside, while the c-pawn ought to have been pushed first. Pablo's Chess News

Steinitz: This advance was probably premature. The two pawns abreast are much stronger than in the present situation. 24... b6 25. Bc3 Ne8 26. Nh5

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Steinitz: 26. Ne4 was obviously much stronger and in fact there seems to be no satisfactory answer. If 26... f6 or 26... f5 27. Ned2 followed by 28.a3 and 29.Bb4. [If] 27. c5 bxc5 28. Ba5 Nc7 29. Nbxc5 with a winning advantage. 26... f6 27. a4 Steinitz: Again wrong. He should either not advance it at all or only one square. 27... e5 28. a5 Bg4 29. Ng3 Be6 30. Nd2 Lasker: Hardly a move to my liking, inasmuch as it crowds White's pieces too much. Why not 30.Bd2? 30... Nf4 31. Qb1 Bf7 32. Nf5 Bf8 33. Bb4 Nd6 34. Nxd6 Bxd6 35. Ne4 Steinitz: Time pressure becomes evident from this point up to the forty-fifth move. White could have obtained an excellent attack by 35. Bxd6 Rxd6 36. Ne4 Bg6 37. axb6 axb6 38. Nxd6 Bxb1 39. Nxc8 Bg6 40. Nxb6 Qxb6 41. c5 and it will be found by close examination that White wins. 35... Bxb4 36. Qxb4 Rd4 37. axb6 Lasker: Here 37.Rcd1 was preferable, because the black rooks threaten to become rather dangerous on that file, and it would have been advantageous for White to exchange at least one of the rooks and to continue his attack with Qe7. 37... axb6 38. g3

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Steinitz v. Lasker 1894 Game 8

Lasker: An error in judgment; it weakens the kingside and allows Black to exchange his knight for bishop, a piece which added much toward solidifying White's game. Now White loses a pawn by force. 38... Nd3 39. Bxd3 Rxd3 40. c5 Rd4 Lasker: 40... Rb3 would probably lead to a draw, namely: 41. Qa4 bxc5 42. Nxc5 Rxb5 (if 42... Qxb5 instead, White continues 43. Nxb3) 43. Nd7 Rxc1 44. Rxc1 Qb7 45. Nc5 and so on. 41. Qb1 bxc5 42. Nxc5 Rc4 43. Nd7 Lasker: Giving up the piece for two pawns would have been the best course to adopt, but for the consequences of White's thirty-eighth move. Any other continuation loses the b-pawn by force. Steinitz: Hazardous in the extreme. 43. Na6 Rxc1 44. Rxc1 Rxc1+ 45. Qxc1 Qxb5 46. Qc8+ and though Black is a pawn ahead White ought to draw. 43... Qb7 44. Rcd1 Be6 45. Nxe5 fxe5 Steinitz: This desperate resource was the only one. 46. Rxe5

[The game was adjourned here, with Lasker sealing.] 46... Bh3 47. Red5 Rc1 48. Qd3 h6 Lasker: If 48... Rxd1+ 49. Qxd1 Rc1 50. Rd8+ Kf7 51. Rd7+ Qxd7 52. Qxc1 and matters for Black would have been made more difficult. Although White makes a gallant fight, he could not possibly prevent the ultimate loss. 49. g4 Steinitz: White is completely tied up, and this is the only way to give him temporary relief. If 49. f3 Qb6+ 50. Kh1 (or 50. Rd4 Rxd1+ followed by 51...Rc4) 50... Rxd1+ 51. Qxd1 Qf2 52. Rd8+ Rxd8 53. Qxd8+ Kh7 54. Qd3+ g6 and wins. 49... Bxg4 50. f3 Rxd1+ 51. Qxd1 Be6 52. Rd6 Qe7 53. b6 Rc1 54. Qxc1 Qxd6 55. Qe3 Bd5 56. Kg2 Qg6+ 57. Kf2 Qc2+ 58. Kg3 Qg6+ 59. Kf2 Qc2+ 60. Kg3 Qg6+ 61. Kf2 Bb7 62. Qb3+ Qf7 63. Qd3 Qd5 64. Qe3 Qd6 65. Kg2 Kf7 66. h4 Qe6 Steinitz: The ending is beautifuly played by Lasker. 67. Qf4+ Kg6 68. Qg3+ Kh7 69. Qf2 Qg4+ 70. Kh2 Qxf3 71. Qc2+ Qe4 72. Qf2 Qf3 73. Qc2+ Be4 74. Qd2 Qf6 75. Qe3 Qxh4+ 76. Kg1 Qg5+ 0-1 Submit Your Game

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 9

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Lasker v. Steinitz World Championship Match, Game 9, Philadelphia, 1894.04.14 C62: Ruy Lopez (aka Spanish), Steinitz Defense

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Lasker: The fourth move of White inaugurated not a mere transposition of the succession of moves, as were played in former games, but it left White with the additional advantage of playing Bc4 either before or after pawn to d4.

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4... a6 Steinitz: Played by Chigorin vs. Steinitz in the match at Havana in '91, with the continuation 4... Bd7 5. d4 Nge7 6. Bg5 f6 7. Be3 5. Bc4 Steinitz: White could hardly exchange and 5.Ba4 would have cut him off from the kingside. Black has therefore evidently gained a move in the development as compared with similar positions. 5... Be6 Steinitz: Either this or 5...Be7 was now indispensable. 6. Bxe6

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Lasker: The opening, after Black's fifth move, into well-known lines of the Philidor defense. It is doubtful whether the exchanging of bishops, or the retiring to b3, is preferable. 6... fxe6 7. d4 exd4 8. Nxd4 Nxd4 Steinitz: Too much simplification was the result of this exchange and 8...Qd7 was probably the best way to avoid this.

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9. Qxd4 Ne7 10. Bg5 Nc6 Lasker: Black's tenth move was practically forced, as White threatened 11.Bxe7 with a very strong position. 11. Bxd8 Nxd4 12. O-O-O Nb5

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 9

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Lasker: Black evidently overrated his attack when he offered the exchange of knights on the twelfth move. Steinitz: As the second player, Black should have been content with the slight advantage arising from doubling the pawns by 12...Nb3+, followed by 13...Rxd8. In trying to do more, he seriously compromises his position. Although he recovers the sacrificed pawn, his doubled b-pawns become the source of trouble. 13. Nxb5 axb5 14. Bxc7 Rxa2 Steinitz: The better plan was anyhow 14... Ra6 15. e5 d5 16. a3 Kd7 17. Bd6 Bxd6 18. exd6 Rf8 etc. 15. Bb6 Steinitz: Obviously he could not take the pawn on account of the check, and Black threatens ...Ra6.

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15... Be7 Steinitz: Feeble as compared with 15...b4, which would have rendered White's game very difficult. 16. c3 Kf7

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Lasker: Probably 16... Ra4 17. Rhe1 b4 was Steinitz's strongest line of play, as this was really his only chance to dissolve his doubled pawn during the whole game. After this omission White got a slight pull. Steinitz: A grave error of judgment to which the loss of the game may fairly be ascribed. 16...Kd7 followed soon by Kc6, would have brought the necessary support to the weak pawns on the queenside. If then 17. Bd4 (or 17. Bc5 Kc6 18. Ba3 Ra1+ 19. Kc2 Rxd1) 17... Rf8 with at least an even game. 17. Kc2 Rha8 18. Kb3 R2a4 19. f3 R8a6 Steinitz: Only driving the bishop to a better square. Much superior was 19...g5 either on this or the next move. 20. Bd4 g6 21. Rd3 Ke8 22. Rhd1 e5

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 9

Lasker: On account of the weakness of his d-pawn Black seemed compelled to push his e-pawn on his twentysecond turn. Steinitz: Black overlooked the force of White's twenty-fourth move. 22...g5 was, under any circumstances, much better. 23. Be3 Kd7 24. Bc5

Steinitz: A beautiful key move to splendid ending play in a series of fine moves carried through by White in a style that can hardly be improved upon. 24... Ra1 25. R1d2 Ke6 26. Ba3 Lasker: Now on my twenty-sixth move I might have avoided many complications by advancing 26.h3, although 26... h5 would have been a very strong rejoinder on the part of Black. 26... g5 27. Rd5 Rb6 28. Kb4 g4 29. Ka5 Steinitz: All in grand style. Black will gain nothing now by 29...Bd8, as White seems to answer 30.Rxb5. 29... Ra6+ 30. Kxb5 Lasker: In actual play I had to make a very tedious maneuver in order to win the b-pawn. While I was thus engaged in my scheme Black initiated a strong attack upon my king's flank in a truly marvelous manner and I had to give my entire attention to it, although I had a decisive superiority of pawns. 30... h5

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 9

Steinitz: Lasker himself was of the opinion that 30...Rh1 gave Black drawing chances. After the text move there appears to be no hope and Lasker plays the ending with his accustomed accuracy. Lasker: On Steinitz's thirtieth move he might have continued 30... Rh1 31. fxg4 Re1 32. h3 Rxe4 33. c4 but he evidently thought that in this variation White's kingside pawns would prove to be too dangerous. 31. Rd1 Rxd1 32. Rxd1 gxf3 33. gxf3 Ra8 34. Kb6 Rg8 35. Kxb7 Lasker: Had I, at my thirty-fifth move, continued with 35. Rd2 then my opponent would have replied with 35... Rg7 thus saving his b-pawn, and he would have threatened to push his h-pawn, which, in some variations, would have given him even a chance to win. 35... Rg2 36. h4 Rh2 37. Kc6 Bxh4 38. Rxd6+ Kf7 39. Kd5 Lasker: My thirty-ninth move was probably forced, as Black's h-pawn could advance, for if 39. Rh6 Bg5 40. Rh8 Kg7 41. Re8 Bf4 42. Bd6 Kf7 43. Rh8 Kg7 44. Re8 Kf7 45. Re7+ Kf6 46. Rh7 Kg6 and it is very doubtful, indeed, whether White could win. 39... Bf6 Lasker: Black could have won my bishop by 39... Rd2+ 40. Kxe5 Rxd6 41. Bxd6 Bg3+ 42. f4 h4 43. Bc5 h3 44. Bg1 h2 but my pawns would have won. 40. Rd7+ Kg6 41. Ke6 h4 42. Rd1 h3 43. Rg1+ Rg2 44. Rxg2+ hxg2 45. Bc5 Bd8 46. b4 Kg5 47. Kd7 Bf6 48. b5 Kf4 49. b6 Black resigns. 1-0 Submit Your Game

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v Steinitz 1894 Game 10

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Steinitz v. Lasker World Championship Match, Game 10, Philadelphia, 1894.04.19 D35: Ruy Lopez (Spanish), Steinitz Defense

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1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. f3

Position after 4.f3

Lasker: As far as I know, Steinitz first introduced his fourth move, 4.f3, in his match against Gunsberg, in similar positions. The object of the move is to establish a strong center by means of afterward playing pawn to e4. Of course Black's rejoinder, 4...c5, seems therefore practically forced. Showalter: Steinitz first tested this experiment in his match against Gunsberg, if our memory is not at fault, and with better results than in the present instance. But, critically considered, this move seems by no means favorable to White giving him an awkward form of development and practically throwing away at once the advantage of the move. 4. .....

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c5

Showalter: No doubt the correct and best reply was 4... c5, and one that to our way of thinking speedily exposes the weakness of White's fourth move. White is practically forced to exchange the pawns now as 5. e3 is an unfavorable alternative and results in the isolation of the d-pawn with a weakened pawn position on the kingside - 5... cxd4 6. exd4 (or if 6. Qxd4 the gaining of important developing time by 6... Nc6 attacking the queen) 6... dxc4, either contingency being unfavorable to White.

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5. dxc5 Bxc5 6. cxd5 Nxd5

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v Steinitz 1894 Game 10

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Lasker: Some of the spectators expected that Steinitz would take the knight on his seventh turn, but like myself he probably thought that the pawn, although isolated, was not at all weak; to the contrary, it might have been very troublesome to White Showalter: 7. Nxd5 Qxd5 8. Qxd5 exd5 isolates a pawn on the d-file for Black, but at the same time leaves White with the inferior game as his e-pawn is weak and he is behind in development. It will be seen that in this case White must play 9. e3 at once, as Black threatens by d4 to permanently block the white pawn's advance. Black then proceeds by 9...0-0 and ...Re8, or ...Nc6, with decidedly the better game. However, even the text move (7.e4) is not free from disadvantages, in that it seriously weakens White's queenside pawns, but it is obviously the best under the circumstances. 7. ..... Nxc3 8. Qxd8+ Kxd8 9. bxc3 Nc6

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Showalter: Black has two pieces in the field and an intact pawn position on either side, while the white pieces are unmoved as yet. This, in addition to the disadvantages mentioned in the preceding note. The outcome of the opening thus far is in itself sufficient commentary on 4.f3. 10. Nh3 11. Nf4 12. Nd3

Kc7 Rd8 Bd6

Annotated Games

Position After 12...Bd6

13. f4 Lasker: Nothing need be said about the following five moves, but White's thirteenth move, 13.f4 was hardly to be recommended. His object ought to have been to bring about a quick development of his pieces, as for instance, 13. Be2 and 0-0, rather than go in for a useless attack, which seriously compromised his e-pawn. 13. ..... 14. Nf2 15. Be2 16. Nd3

b6 Bc5 Bb7 Bf8

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v Steinitz 1894 Game 10

17. f5

Position After 17.f5

Showalter: If 17. e5 Ne7 18. O-O Ba6 19. Rd1 Rd7 20. Ba3 (20. Bb2 Rad8 21. Nc1 Bxe2 22. Rxd7+ Rxd7 23. Nxe2 Rd2 and wins) Nd5 21. Bxf8 Rxf8 22. g3 Ne3 23. Rd2 Rfd8 24. Kf2 Ng4+ 25. Bxg4 (best) Rxd3 26. Rxd3 Rxd3 and should win. 17. .....

e5

Lasker: The champion's seventeenth move was a well laid trap, for had I played 17... exf5 I would have removed White's weakness from e4, and would have given him a free game for attacking purposes. I therefore selected 17... e5 as my reply, which kept my pawns well joined and in a good position. 18. Bg5 Showalter: Why this strengthening of the e-pawn instead of} 18. Be3 {at once is not clear, except upon presumption of pressure of time limit. Perhaps, however, White had visions of posting a bishop at e6. The knight could not readily reach that square. 18. ..... 19. Be3

f6 Rac8

Position After 19...Rac8

Lasker: My nineteenth move, 19...Rac8, was preparing ...Na5, to be followed by ...Nc4; if then the knight would have been taken, I should have retaken with my rook and would certainly have received my adversary's e-pawn. That this line of play could not have been prevented will best be seen on White's twenty-first move. 20. O-O-O Showalter: Bad indeed. The weakened queenside menaced by hostile rooks on open files affords very uncertain security for the white king. He had much better have castled kingside, afterward playing 21.Rfc1 and advancing the c-pawn and a-pawn with some prospect of attack. 20. ..... 21. Nf2

Kb8

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v Steinitz 1894 Game 10

Position After 21.Nf2

Lasker: If, for instance 21. Kb2 Na5 22. Nf2 Rxd1 followed by 23...Ba3+ etc., as pointed out by Steinitz after the game, or simply 22... Bd6 followed by 23...Nc4+, would have decided the game in favor of Black. Showalter: If 21. Kb2 the following was a likely continuation: 21... Na5 22. Nf2 Ba3+ 23. Kc2 Bc6 etc., but, though Black has a fine attack, he does not necessarily win the pawn. 21. .....

Nd4

Lasker: My twenty-first move, 21...Nd4, was the simplest way of forcing the win, as obviously White was bound to lose at least one pawn, while Black still kept his superiority in position. 22. Bxd4 23. Bd3 24. g4

exd4 dxc3 Ba3+

Position After 24...Ba3+

25. Kc2 Showalter: Forced. as if 25. Kb1 Rxd3 and wins. 25. ..... 26. Kb3 27. Nh3

Bc6 Bc5

Showalter: This unfortunate knight, which has been rolling porpoise-like to and fro between h3 and d3 (via f2 and f4) at intervals all through the game, has this time sufficient grounds for a return to the old love at h3. If 27. Rhf1 Bxf2 28. Rxf2 Bxe4 winning easily. 27. ..... 28. Bc2 29. Nf2

Be3 Bd2

Position After 29.Nf2

Showalter: Floundering back to d3! But there is now nothing else. The game is hopeless.

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v Steinitz 1894 Game 10

29. ..... 30. Ka3

Rd4 Be8

Showalter: Black pushes his attack with consummate skill. Every move tells. He now forces White to give up the epawn by the threat of ...b5 and ...b4, followed by ...Bf7+ etc. 31. Nd3 32. Nb4

Rxe4 Rd4

Position After 32...Rd4

Showalter: A beautiful finish! 33. Bb3 34. Nc2

a5 b5 0-1

Final Position After 34...b5

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 11

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Lasker v. Steinitz World Championship Match, Game 11, Philadelphia 1894.04.21 D40: Semi-Tarrasch

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1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Nf3 Be7 5.e3 0-0 6.Bd3 c5 7.dxc5 dxc4 8.Bxc4 Qxd1+ 9.Kxd1

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Showalter: The sacrifice of the castling privilege is of little moment in this opening, generally speaking, while in the present instance the position of the king in the center even proves of great advantage to White in the later stages of the game. The newly crowned king of chess evidently approves of the Steinitzian maxim that "the king is also a fighting piece." It is significant that the overthrow of the apostle of the "modern school" was accomplished by that disciple who has shown in his play the keenest appreciation of "modern school" principles and who has adhered to those principles with more tenacious consistency than any other master who has yet appeared, not even excepting the great founder of that "school" himself. 9. ..... Nc6 10.a3 Bxc5 Lasker: With the one exception of White leaving his king in the center, the opening is played up to the tenth move on conservative and well-known lines, resulting in an even position. 11.b4

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Bb6

Showalter: Probably reserving the square at e7 for the retreat of the knight. 12.Ke2 Bd7 13.Bb3 Rac8 14.Bb2

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14. ..... a5 Showalter: Creating subsequent difficulties. 14...Rfd8 looks much better and more consistent. Chess Wisdom

15.b5

Ne7

Lasker: On his fifteenth move, Black, as the sequel shows, made a premature move, and got into a rather difficult game; for instance, if he had played 15...Kh8 16.Na4 Bc7 17.Nc5 with a decided advantage. [Chessville wonders why White wouldn't respond to 15...Kh8 with 16.bxc6. It seems to be beyond ours or Fritz's ability to comprehend. We welcome your ideas, just write to the Editor.] 16.Ne5 Be8 Showalter: For now this bishop, which Black is loath to give up for the opposing knight, temporarily blocks the development of the f-rook. 17.a4

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Showalter: Black threatens now to win the pawn by ...Ned5, etc.. 17. ..... Bc7 18.Nc4 Bd7

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19.Rac1 Lasker: Of course, when I had to consider my nineteenth move, I did not proceed with 19.b6 Bd8 20.Nxa5 Bxb6 21. Nxb7 Rb8 22.Nd6 Bxe3 recovering his material. Showalter: If 19.b6 Bd8 20.Nd6 ( or 20.Nxa5 Bxb6 and Black presently gets an advantage.) 20...Rc6 winning the pawn at least. 19. .....

Ned5

Showalter: Which turns out badly. 19...Rfd8 is now out of the question, however, on account of 20.b6 etc.; We believe that the proper course was 19...b6. 20.Nxd5 Nxd5 21.Ne5 Bxe5 Showalter: The only alternative was 21...Nf6 and that seems to give Black a bad game by 22.Nxd7 Nxd7 23.Rhd1 (or 23.Rc2) ; 21...Be8 loses at once by 22.Bxd5 (or by 22.Ba3 Nb4 23.b6) 22...exd5 23.Ba3 etc.; while 21...Rfd8 is bad on account of 22.Nxd7 Rxd7 23.Bxd5 Rxd5 (or 23...exd5 24.b6) 24.b6 22.Bxe5 f6 23.e4

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 11

23. .....

fxe5

Lasker: Black's twenty-third move was forced; if, for instance 23...Ne7 24.Bc7 Ra8 25.Bd6 followed by 26.Rc7. Showalter: This is certainly bad, but Black's game is already somewhat compromised. His best chance, however, was certainly 23...Ne7 If, then 24.Bd6 Black seems to come off with an even game by either 24...Kf7 (or 24...Rxc1 25.Rxc1 Rc8 etc.) ; and if 23...Ne7 24.Bc3 Ra8 (not 24...b6 25.Rhd1 to which there is no defense, as the bishop cannot be supported by either rook without the loss of a piece) 25.Rhd1 Bc8 and though Black has the inferior position he may yet hope to draw. Of course all other moves with the knight are weak and lose at least a pawn. 24.exd5

Kf7

Lasker: On his 24th turn Black played the best possible variation, for, if 24...Rxc1 25.Rxc1 Re8 26.dxe6 Bxe6 27. Rc8 and wins the exchange. 25.Rhd1

25. .....

Ke7

Showalter: He should now have played 25...Rxc1 by all means. The next move increases his difficulties most seriously. Lasker: Many people thought that Steinitz could have proceeded on his twenty-fifth turn with 25...Rxc1 then the following variation would have been the result: 26.Rxc1 Rc8 27.dxe6+ Ke7 28.Rxc8 Bxc8 29.Ke3 Bxe6 30.Bxe6 Kxe6 31.Ke4 and White would have probably won. For instance, let us continue 31...b6 32.h4 g6 33.h5 Kd6 34. hxg6 hxg6 35.g4 Ke6 36.f3 Kd6 37.f4 exf4 38.Kxf4 Ke6 39.Kg5 Kf7 40.Kh6 Kf6 41.Kh7 Kg5 42.Kg7 Kxg4 43. Kxg6 Kf4 44.Kf6 Ke4 45.Ke6 Kd4 46.Kd6 Kc4 47.Kc6 Kb4 48.Kxb6 Kxa4 49.Kc5 and wins. 26.d6+ 27.Ke3

Kf6 Rxc1

Showalter: Again bad. The position is peculiar and simplification aids White materially. Black's only hope to draw was in keeping the rooks on the board, or at least one of them. 28.Rxc1 Rc8 29.Rxc8 Bxc8

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 11

The game was adjourned here, with Lasker sealing 30.Bc2 Showalter: A beautiful move, against which Black has no defense. 30. .....

Kf7

Lasker: My opinion is that at his thirtieth move Steinitz's best play was 30...e4 but should lose after 31.Bxe4 e5 32. d7 etc.. Showalter: If 30...h6 31.Be4 Kf7 (or 31...g5 32.g4; or 31...h5 32.h4) 32.Bf3 Kf6 33.Kd3 Kf7 (33...Kf5 34.Bxb7 and wins.; or if 33...b6 34.Bc6 and wins.) 34.h4 Kf6 35.Kc4 Kf7 36.Kc5 Ke8 37.Kb6 Kd7 38.Bxb7 and wins. 31.Bxh7

b6

Lasker: If 31...g6 32.Ke4 Kg7 33.Kxe5 Kxh7 34.Kf6 e5 35.Ke7 and wins. Showalter: 31...g6 32.Ke4 and Black dare not win the bishop, as the white king meanwhile marches to d8 and wins the other bishop and the game. 32.Ke4 Showalter: Here White, who has played with consummate skill throughout, misses his shortest course to victory, viz. 32.Be4 Ke8 (forced) 33.Bc6+ Kd8 (or 33...Bd7 34.Ke4) 34.Ke4 etc.. 32. .....

Kf6

Lasker: About Black's thirty-second move, little can be said. The remaining moves are not of special interest, as White's superior forces must win. 33.g4 34.Kf3 35.Be4 36.h4 37.h5 38.Ke3

g5 Kf7 Ke8 Kd7 Ke8 1-0

Final Position, 1-0

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v Steinitz 1894 Game 12

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Steinitz v. Lasker World Championship Match, Game 12, 1894 Click here to view the game on an interactive chess board.

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1.d4 2.c4 3.Nc3 4.Bg5 5.Nf3 6.e3 7.c5

d5 e6 Nf6 Be7 0-0 Nbd7

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In a similar position against Chigorin the same blocking move was adopted, the difference being that White's darksquare bishop had not been developed on the kingside but stood at its original square. Further experiment must show whether this line of play is applicable under these altered conditions. 7. ..... 8.Bd3

8. .....

h6

Necessary in pursuance of Black's plan. [ if 8...e5 9.dxe5 Ne4 10.Bxe4 Bxg5 11.Bb1 Nxc5 12.h4 Be7 13.Ng5 h6 ( if 13...g6 14.f4 with a strong position.) 14.Qc2 g6 15.Nxf7 winning three pawns for the knight and remaining with four united passed pawns on the kingside.] 9.Bh4

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c6

More consistent with the plan initiated on the previous move was 8. b4. Still Black could then effect exchanges on the queen's wing by ...b6 and .. .a5 before attempting to open the center. Your Move Chess & Game

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e5

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v Steinitz 1894 Game 12

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If this should prove sound after repeated practical and analytical investigation, it becomes a remarkable novelty of great ingenuity and depth at this early stage of the opening.

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The block on the queenside cannot well be maintained. If, for instance 10.Be2 Ne4 etc. 10. ..... 11.Bxe4

Ne4 Bxh4

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12.Bc2 12.Bb1 Nxc5 13.Qc2 g6 14.Nxh4 Qxh4 15.Nxd5 cxd5 16.Qxc5 Qg5 17.Qxd5 Rd8 18.Qe4 ( 18.h4 Qxe3+ with a superior position.; or if 18.Qf3 Bg4 and wins.) 18...Bf5 19.Qxb7 Rab8 20.Qc6 Rb6! and should win. 12. ..... 13.Qd4 14.0-0-0 15.h4

Nxc5 Be7 a5

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Having castled on opposite sides, each player throws forward his pawns against the adverse king and weaknesses for the ending are thus created in both camps. White might have done better here as a preparatory move by 15.Qf4 threatening pawn to e4. 15. ..... 16.Ne2 17.g4

b5 b4

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v Steinitz 1894 Game 12

17. .....

b3

Probably the only method to continue the attack. 17...a4 would be met by 18.Bf5. 18.axb3 19.Qc3

Rb8

If White attempted to preserve the pawn on the kingside the game might have proceeded 19.g5 Nxb3+ 20.Bxb3 Rxb3 21.gxh6 g6 followed in most cases by 22...Rb4. 19. ..... 20.Nfd4 21.f3

Bxg4 Qb6 Bd7

22.Nf4 White adopted this move in preference to 22.Rdg1 apprehending 22...f6 as the answer to that move. But on subsequent examination I find that in such case I could proceed with 23.f4 keeping up a strong pressure against the kingside. 22. ..... 23.Rdg1 24.bxc3

Qb4 Qxc3 Rfc8

25.Nh5 The immediate attack on the kingside is perhaps not effective enough, and White might have done better by 25.Kd2, opening an option of operations with the rooks on the queen's wing. 25. ..... 26.Nf4 27.Nfe2 28.h5 29.f4 30.Rg2 31.Nf3 32.bxc4 33.Nd2 34.Kxd2

g6 Bf8 Bg7 g5 Ne4 c5 c4 Rxc4 Nxd2 f6

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v Steinitz 1894 Game 12

35.exf6 36.fxg5 37.Rb1 38.Bxb1 39.Nd4 40.Ba2 41.Kd3 42.Rb2 43.Rb6+ 44.Ra6 45.Rd6 46.Ra6 47.Rd6 48.Ra6 49.Rd6 50.Ra6

Bxf6 Bxg5 Rxb1 Kf8 Ke7 Rc5 Kd6 Bg4 Kc7 Kb7 Kc7 Kb7 Kc7 Kb7 Kc7 Kb7 ½-½

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 13

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Lasker v. Steinitz World Championship Match, Game 13, 1894.05.05 C68 - Ruy Lopez, Exchange Variation Notes by Steinitz

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Joel Channing 1.e4 2.Nf3 3.Bb5 "Within a few pages I was hooked" - see the review by GM Ian Rogers.

e5 Nc6 a6

Probably fully as good as 3...d6, and also adopted on the presumption that White was probably not so well prepared for it. 4.Bxc6 A favorite continuation of Winawer; but most masters prefer 4.Ba4. 4. .....

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dxc6

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5.d4 Winawer castled at this point, and other masters prefer the slow development by 5.d3 and 6.Be3.

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5. ..... 6.Qxd4 7.Nxd4

exd4 Qxd4 c5

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 13

This is new and probably of greater value than the usual 7...Bd6 which places this bishop too much in the way of the hostile pawns. But still better would be the simple 7...Bd7. 8.Ne2 9.Nbc3 10.Bf4

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A premature attack which subsequently costs time; the bishop should at once have been posted at e3. Place Your Ad in Chessville or in The Chessville Weekly

10. ..... 11.0-0 12.f3 13.Ng3

Bc6 Nf6 Be7 g6

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14.Rfe1 14.Bg5 and if 14...h6 then 15.Be3; or else 14.Rfd1 both afterward suggested by Lasker were undoubtedly superior to the text. 14. ..... 15.Nd1

Nd7

Mere demonstrative tactics were evidently out of order, and White retreats his pieces with a view to concentration for operations in the center. 15. ..... 16.Nf1 17.Be3 18.b3

Nb6 Rd7 Rhd8

18. ......

c4

Annotated Games

Black could not allow the opponent to advance pawn to c4, as sooner or later it would have enabled White to plant one of his knights at d5 with great effect. Moreover, Black obtains a strong attack for the pawn sacrificed. 19.Bxb6 20.bxc4

cxb6

It was White's best policy probably not to accept the proffered pawn, but to continue 20.Nde3 instead. 20. ..... 21.c3

Bb4 Bc5+

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 13

22.Kh1 Obviously if 22.Nfe3 Rxd1 and wins.; and if 22.Nde3 Rd3 23.Rac1 f5! with a strong attack. 22. ..... 23.Rc1

Rd3 a5

23...f5 would be premature, and this more quiet advance does important service on the queen's wing in the ending. White is in the mean time much hampered. 24.Nde3 f5 (Adjourned) Now correctly timed and extremely difficult to meet.

25.exf5 (Sealed) 25.Nd5 might have prolonged resistance, but would hardly equalize the game: e.g. 25.Nd5 fxe4 26.fxe4 Rf8 27.Rc2 h5 with a strong attack. 25. ..... 26.h3

gxf5

If 26.Nxf5 Rxf3 27.Ne7+ ( 27.gxf3 Bxf3#) 27...Bxe7 28.gxf3 Bxf3+ 29.Kg1 Bc5+ 30.Ne3 Rd2 31.a4 Rg2+ 32.Kf1 Rxh2 and if 33.Rc2 Rh1+ 34.Kf2 Rxe1 and wins. 26. ..... 27.Nd5

Rg8

27.Nxf5 would be again disastrous on account of the same rejoinder - 27...Rxf3. 27. ..... 28.cxd5 29.Rcd1 30.Rxd1

Bxd5 Rxd5 Rxd1 f4

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 13

This and the following series of moves give Black a winning superiority in position. The white knight is a prisoner, and the end can be only a question of time. 31.Kh2 32.a4 33.h4 34.c4 35.Kh3 36.Rxe1 37.Kg4 38.Kxf4 39.Ke4 40.g3 41.Ne3+ 42.Kd3 43.Kc2 44.f4 45.f5 46.g4 47.Nd1 48.Nc3 49.Na4 50.Nb2 51.Kb3 52.g5 53.Nxa4 54.Kxa4 55.Kb5 0-1

Re8 Kc7 Kc6 Bb4 Re1 Bxe1 Kc5 Kxc4 Bxh4 Bd8 Kb4 Kxa4 Kb4 Kc5 Kd6 b5 Ke5 b4 Kd4 b5 Be7 a4+ bxa4+ Ke5 Kxf5

Final Position, after 55...Kxf5 [Lasker vs Steinitz Match Index]

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v Steinitz 1894 Game 14

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Steinitz v. Lasker World Championship Match, Game 14, 1894 Click here to view the game on an interactive Javascript chess board.

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Steinitz,W - Lasker,E [D46] World Championship Match CAN Montreal, PQ (Cosmopolita (14), 08.05.1894

Joel Channing

Notes by Lasker & Steinitz

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1.d4 2.c4 3.Nc3

d5 e6 c6

Steinitz: An old idea revived by Chigorin and Gunsberg, and also adopted by Lasker against Blackburne in a similar position. It practically prevents the development of White's c1-bishop on the kingside, but it has its drawbacks, notably that it exposes Black to an attack in the center, as in the game. 4.e3 5.Nf3 6.Bd3 7.0-0

Nf6 Bd6 Nbd7

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7. .....

0-0

Steinitz: If Black here advanced 7...e5 White would have exchanged both pawns, creating an isolated pawn in the adverse center. 7...e5 8.dxe5 Bxe5 9.cxd5 cxd5. 8.e4 9.Nxe4 10.Bxe4

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dxe4 Nxe4 h6

Steinitz: He could not now advance the e-pawn without losing a pawn, as White would have exchanged twice, followed by Bxh7+, etc.

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v Steinitz 1894 Game 14

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f5

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Lasker: Although this advance weakens the e-pawn, it paves the way for a strong attack on the king's wing. Steinitz: If now 11...e5 12.Qd3 f5 13.Qb3 Kh8 14.dxe5 Nxe5 15.Rd1 with a strong attack. The text move, however, weakens his center at once. 12.Re1 13.Bd2 14.Bc3 15.Ne5 16.Qd3

Nf6 Bd7 Qc7 Be8 g5

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Steinitz: Black, no doubt, on his eleventh move speculated upon this attack. However, it will be seen that it does not compensate for the weakness of his e-pawn. 17.Qh3 18.Rad1

Qg7

Lasker: "White has skillfully prepared a strong attack in the centre of the board if an opportunity arrives. He threatens now P-Q5, and if then 19...PxP 20.PxP KtxP and 21.RxKt PxR followed by a discovered attack on the queen." 18. .....

g4

Lasker: Playing White's game, it merely drives the queen from a harmless post to a most threatening position. Black was under the impression that he could continue with 19...Qg5, but saw too late that White could then gain a clear pawn by 20.Nxg4. 18...Bh5 and if 19.f3 g4 or if 19.Rd2 Rae8 and his position would have been excellent. Black should have played 18...Bh5 and if 19.f3 ( or if 19.Rd2 Rae8) 19...g4 and his position would have been excellent. 19.Qe3 20.Nxc6

Bh5

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v Steinitz 1894 Game 14

Steinitz: The soundness of the sacrifice here involved is shown by the sequel. 20. ..... 21.Kxh2 22.Qxg3

Bxh2+ g3+

Lasker: The combination selected in the text is by far superior to the alternative 22.Kh1 because there might follow 22...gxf2. 22. ..... 23.fxg3

Qxg3+ Bxd1

24.Bxd1 Steinitz: Better than 24.Ne7+ Kf7 25.Bxd1 Rfe8 26.Bb4 Rxe7 27.Bxe7 Kxe7 28.d5 Ne4 etc. 24. ..... 25.Rxe6

bxc6 Ne4

Lasker: This seems to be the only move to prevent White from playing 26.d5. Steinitz: If 25...Rac8 White intended to continue 26.Bf3 ( It should be remembered that 26.d5 would not work well on account of the continuation 26...Ne4 27.Rg6+ Kh7 28.Rg7+ Kh8 29.Bd4 c5 30.Be5 Rfe8 etc.) 26...Ne4 27.Rxh6 ( or 27.Bxe4 ). 26.Rxc6 27.bxc3

Nxc3 Kg7

The following note is not a direct quote from a single source. My first source gives 'superior' in place of 'inferior', and then gives 'mating' where the second source has 'waiting'. So for the sake of clarity I have merged the two sources to provide a single ambiguous rook-quote. -[Pope] Lasker: "By far inferior to R-K. White could hardly then have taken the KRP on account of the close confinement of his king, and if Black can force the entrance of his rooks into the enemy's camp it would be at least very difficult to avoid a mating position." 28.Ra6 29.c5

Rf7 Rd8 (Sealed)

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v Steinitz 1894 Game 14

Lasker: Although White would have had a chance to extricate himself on account of the three moves that Black had lost, by means of pawn to g4, followed eventually by Ra4, yet the maneuver would have made the win more difficult for White. Far superior would have been 29...Re7. 30.Kg1 Steinitz: The only danger to White's game now was that the opponent should double rooks on the eighth file, and the move adopted tends to prevent the formation of any possible mating position of this nature, but creates other difficulties which might have been obviated at once by 30.Re6 followed by 31.Bf3, after which the advance of the pawns could not be hindered. 30. ..... 31.Kf2 32.Bb3 33.Bc4 34.Bd3 35.Kf3 36.Bxf5 37.Ke4

Re7 Rb8 Rbe8 Rb8 h5 Rb2 Rf7

Lasker: The crossing of the king into the support of his pawns practically ends the battle. 37. ..... 38.Kd3 39.Rg6+ 40.Be4 41.d5 42.Rxg7 43.c6 44.c7 45.Kd4 46.d6

Re2+ Rxg2 Kf8 Rg1 Rg7 Kxg7 Kf6 Rxg3+ Rg8 Resigns 1-0

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v Steinitz 1894 Game 14

[Return to Lasker-Steinitz Index]

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 15

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Lasker v. Steinitz World Championship Match, Game 15, 1894.05.15, Montreal CAN D60 - Orthodox Defense - Queen's Gambit Notes by Steinitz

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In the eleventh game of the present match Lasker proceeded with 7.dxc5 dxc4 8.Bxc4 Qxd1+ 9.Kxd1 etc. Ever wanted to visit beautiful NEW ZEALAND? Play in the Queenstown Chess Classic, 15-24th January 2006!

7...cxd4 8.exd4 dxc4 9.Bxc4 Nbd7 In the early stages of the match Steinitz-Zukertort (1886) I adopted this line of play in similar positions, but afterward played 9...Nc6 which is undoubtedly stronger.

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10.Bb3 Nb6 11.Bg5 Bd7 12.Qd3 Rc8

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12...Bc6 with a view of fixing that bishop at d5 as soon as possible seems superior. 13.Ne5 Bc6 14.Nxc6 Rxc6 15.Rfd1 Nfd5 It would have been better to advance 15...h6 first, making room for the king. 16.Bxe7 Nxe7 17.Bc2 Ng6

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 15

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Not as good as 17...g6 keeping a better hold on the isolated pawn. 18.Qf3 Nd5 19.Be4 Nxc3 20.bxc3 Rb6 21.c4 f5 22.Bc2 Qf6 23.c5

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23...Rc6 Black's original intention was to continue 23...Rb4 24.Qc3 a5 25.a3 Nf4 26.Kf1 Qh6 27.h3 (best) ( 27.axb4 fails to 27...Qxh2 28.Ke1 Qg1+ 29.Kd2 Qxf2+ 30.Kc1 Ne2+ winning the white queen.) 27...Nd5 However, as White could now force the exchange of queens by 28.Qd2 followed soon by Rb1, Black abandoned the idea. 24.Rab1 Nh4 25.Qe3

Annotated Games

25.Qb3 appears still stronger. 25...Rc7 26.f4 Ng6 27.Bb3 Re7 28.a4 Rd8 29.a5 a6 30.Ba4 Qh4 The work of the time limit and not well considered. 30...Nf8 was more likely to be of good service. 31.g3 Qg4

Faulty in the extreme and really the cause of the almost immediate loss of the game. The queen should have

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 15

retreated to f6, followed at once by 32...Rc8 and thence to c7. 32.Rd2 Nf8 33.Bd1 Qg6 34.d5 After this Black's struggles are hopeless. The latter part of the game has been conducted by Lasker with the utmost ingenuity and is a grand example of chess. 34...Rf7 35.d6 Qf6 36.Rdb2 g5 37.Rxb7 gxf4 38.Rxf7 Qxf7 39.gxf4 Qg7+ 40.Kh1 Ng6 41.Qxe6+ Kh8 42.Qe3 Rg8 43.Bf3 Nh4 44.Bd5 1-0

Final Position after 44.Bd5

[Lasker vs Steinitz Match Index]

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 16

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Steinitz v Lasker Steinitz,W - Lasker,E World Championship Match (16) [D60] Orthodox Defense - Queen's Gambit Montreal Canada, 17.05.1894; Notes by Steinitz

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An excellent part of Black's line of development. 11.Nc4 11.Qc2 e5 12.Nxe4 exd4 13.Nxf6+ Qxf6 with the better game.

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11...b6 12.b4 Nd5 13.Qb1 f5 14.Ne5 a5 15.Nc6 Qg5 16.h4 Qf6 17.cxb6 f4 18.Qxe4 fxe3 19.f3 Bb7 The Chessville Weekly Archives

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 16

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A very ingenious trap. 20.b5 If 20.Ne5 Nxb4 21.Qxb7 Qf4 22.Qe4 (best) 22...Qxe4 23.fxe4 Nc2+ with a winning game. And if 20.Nxa5 Rxa5 21.bxa5 Nb4 22.Qxb7 Qxd4 23.Rd1 Nc2+ 24.Ke2 Qc4+ 25.Rd3 Rd8 26.Qe4 Rd4 with a powerful attack. (Ed. Note: I'm not sure if Steinitz simply misevaluated this position, or (more likely) the original transcriber of his notes made an error, but this position is totally lost for Black after 27.b7. 20...Bxc6 21.bxc6 cxb6 22.Bd3 Qh6 23.g3 Rac8 24.Rc1 Rc7 25.0-0

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There were objections in some variations to 25.Ke2 for White could not then advance pawn to f4 without allowing the queen to check at h5; and at a latter stage the rook could not occupy the b-file on account of the knight checking at c3. 25...Rd8 26.f4

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The kingside is much weakened by this advance, and 26.Rfe1 was much better.; 26.Rc4 however, is met by 26...e2. 26...Qg6 27.Qxg6 hxg6 28.Bxg6 Ne7 29.Be4 Rxd4 30.Bf3 Nf5 31.Rfe1 Kf7 32.Rb1 Nxg3

33.Rxb6 It was probably White's best plan to get rid of the adverse e-pawn, in which case Black would have no doubt answered 33...Nf5, followed by 34...Ke7. 33...Nf5 34.Rb7 Rxb7 35.cxb7 Rb4 36.Rc1 Nd4 37.Kg2 Rb2+ 38.Kg3 Rxb7 39.Bxb7 Ne2+ 40.Kf3 Nxc1 41.

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 16

Kxe3 Nxa2

42.Kd4 White here misses his final chance. 42.f5 leads to a clear draw! Obviously the pawn cannot be taken (on account of 42...exf5 43.Bd5+ winning the knight), and after White exchanges pawns his king crosses to the queenside and draws with ease. 42...Kf6 43.Kc5 Nc3 44.Kc4 Ne2 45.Kb5 Nxf4 46.Kxa5 Ng6 47.h5 Nf4 48.Bf3 Kf5 49.Kb4 e5 50.Kc3 e4 51.Bd1 e3 52.Bf3 Kg5 53.Kc2 Kh4 54.Kd1 Kg3 0-1

Final Position After 54...Kg3

[Lasker vs Steinitz Match Index]

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 17

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Lasker v. Steinitz World Championship Match, Game 17, 1894.05.19, Montreal CAN C50 - Italian Game (Guioco Piano) Hungarian Defense Notes by Lasker & Steinitz

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4...Nf6 5.Nc3 Steinitz: A slow form of a slow opening, transposing the position into a well-known variation of the Four Knights game.

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Steinitz: As matters turn out, this only loses time. In this and similar positions I consider 6...Bxe3 at once superior. 7.Qd2 Na5 8.Bb5+ Lasker: In view of the probable intention of the second player to force the attack on the queenside. This, however, seems somewhat inferior to 8.Bb3 at once.

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 17

Steinitz: Tactics of a similar sort have been heretofore adopted in like positions by great masters with a view to weakening the adverse queenside; but since Black's best subsequent plan seems to be to attack on this wing, and inasmuch as he also creates a doubled pawn on this side for the opponent, it is doubtful whether the text move can be relied on as the best attacking measure.

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Steinitz: In entire accordance with theoretical and practical precedence in similar positions, but the progress of the present game will probably tend to indicate that the open f-file does not outweigh the disadvantage of the doubled pawn in the center. Lasker: The doubled pawn causes trouble afterward and White seems unable to obtain a compensating file. 10.Qxe3 seems perhaps safer. 10...b5 11.Bb3 Qb6 12.0-0 Ng4 13.Rae1 f6 14.h3 Nh6 15.Ne2 Nxb3 16.axb3 0-0 17.Ng3 a5

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Lasker: Black forces matters on the queenside without loss of time, while White in the mean time is unable to obtain any advantage either in the center or on the king's wing. 18.d4 Nf7 19.Qf2 Ra7 Lasker: If 19...a4 at once, White might well answer with 20.Ra1 thereby breaking the force of the attack. 20.Rd1 a4 21.b4 Qc7

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 17

Steinitz: Black could not at once advance the c-pawn on account of the continuation 21...c5 22.bxc5 dxc5 23.dxe5 fxe5 24.Nxe5 etc. 22.Ne1 c5 23.Qd2 Lasker: The only move at his disposal. 23.Nd3 c4 24.Ne1 c3 was still more unsatisfactory. 23...Be6 24.d5 Bd7 25.Ra1 cxb4 Steinitz: 25...Rc8 in many ways was preferable. 26.Qxb4 Rc8 27.Qd2 Qc4 28.Rf2 Ng5

Lasker: The time lost here with the knight is finely compensated for by the increased weakness on White's king's wing after driving the knight away. Steinitz: A sort of non-committal move of a character sometimes adopted in order to add a move to the average allowed under the time limit. However, it serves a good turn, as this knight cannot be dislodged without the weakening of White's kingside. But probably 28...Rac7 was still stronger. 29.Qd3 Rac7 30.h4 Nf7 31.Qxc4 Rxc4 32.Rd2 g6 33.Kf2 Nd8 34.b3 R4c7 35.Rdd1 Nb7 36.Rdb1 Kf7 Steinitz: In order to neutralize any attack on the d-pawn by 37.bxa4 bxa4 38.Rb6 which would render the knight temporarily inactive. 37.Ke2 Ra8 38.Kd2 Na5

Lasker: Threatening 39...axb3 40.cxb3 Nxb3+, winning the exchange. 39.Kd3 h5 40.Ra2 Raa7 Lasker: Again threatening the combination 41...axb3 42.cxb3 Nxb3 43.Rxa7 Nc5+ with a winning game. The reply in the last seems, therefore, forced. Steinitz: Threatening 41...axb3 42.cxb3 Nxb3 43.Rxa7 Nc5+ etc. 41.b4 Nc4 42.Nf3 Ra8 43.Nd2 Nb6 44.Rf1 Rac8 45.Nb1 Ke7 46.c3 Nc4

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 17

47.Raf2 Lasker: At least, a grave miscalculation. If, however 47.Na3 Nb2+ 48.Kc2 Rxc3+ 49.Kxb2 Rb3+ 50.Ka1 Rxe3 51. Rf3 Rxf3 52.gxf3 Rc3 winning a third pawn for the piece, and owing to the indefensible nature of White's remaining pawns, his game would be untenable. Steinitz: Anyhow weak, but 47.Na3 would allow the continuation 47...Nb2+ 48.Kc2 Rxc3+ 49.Kxb2 Rb3+ 50.Ka1 Rxe3 51.Rf3 Rxf3 52.gxf3 Rc3 with a winning ending as White's remaining pawns seem indefensible. 47...Na3 Steinitz: This appears to win by force. Lasker: This appears to win by force. If 48.Rxf6 Nxb1 49.Rf7+ Kd8 50.Rf8+ Be8 51.Rxb1 Rxc3+ and should win. 48.Ne2 Steinitz: If 48.Rxf6 Nxb1 49.Rf7+ Kd8 50.Rf8+ Be8 and wins. 48...Nxb1 49.Rxb1 Bg4 50.Rc1 Rc4 Steinitz: Threatening of course Bxe2+, followed by Rxb4. 51.Rc2 (Adjourned)

51...f5 (sealed) Steinitz: At this stage the game was adjourned for the day, Black sealing the text move. When the game was resumed Lasker resigned without continuing, the game being beyond remedy. Lasker: After White's fifty-second move the win of two pawns, as pointed out by Mr. Steinitz, is forced, for if 51... f5 52.Ng3 fxe4+ 53.Kd2 Bd7 54.Rc1 Be8 55.Ne2 Bf7 56.Rcf1 Bxd5 57.Rf6 Rg8 and eventually wins. Steinitz: 51...f5 If, for instance 52.Ng3 fxe4+ 53.Kd2 (best) Bd7 54.Ne2 Be8 55.Rc1 Bf7 56.Rcf1 Bxd5 57.Rf6 Rg8 followed by pawn to a3 soon, and must win. 0-1 [Lasker vs Steinitz Match Index]

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 18

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Steinitz v Lasker Steinitz,W - Lasker,E World Championship Match (18) [D67] Queen's Gambit Declined, Capablanca System Montreal, Canada, 22.05.1894; Notes by Jackson Showalter

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1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Be7 5.Nf3 0-0 6.e3 Nbd7 7.Rc1 c6 8.Bd3 dxc4 9.Bxc4 Nd5 10.Bxe7 Qxe7 11.e4 Nf4

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12.g3 12.0-0 followed by 13.Ne2 looks like a satisfactory continuation. 12...Ng6 13.0-0

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Here we prefer 13.h4 with flattering prospects of a kingside attack later. 13...Rd8 14.Qe2 b5 15.Bb3 Bb7 16.Qe3 a6 17.Ne2 Rac8

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For the obvious purpose of advancing and exchanging the rather weak c-pawn thus opening the diagonal for the bishop at the same time. 18.Rfd1 Re8 19.Ne1 c5 20.dxc5 Nxc5 21.Bc2 Rc7 22.f3 Rec8 23.Bb1

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 18

23.Nd3 permits of many exchanges and soon reduces to a probable draw. Black has thus early overcome the slight disadvantage of the move against him and the struggle for "points" for the ending has already begun. Chess Links

23...Ne5 24.b3 Necessary to prevent the threatened loss of a pawn by 24...Nc4, and at the same time keeping a hostile knight from a point of vantage at a4.

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27.Qf2 Black threatens to win a pawn by 27...Nxf3+ etc.

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27...g6 28.Nf4 Ncd7 29.Nd5 Qd6 30.Rcd2 Rc1 31.Ne3 Rxd1 32.Nxd1 Qe6 33.Kf1 Rc5 34.Qe3 Threatening Rxd7 as well as pawn to f4. 34...Rd5 35.Rxd5 Qxd5 36.Nc3 Qc6 37.Kf2 Kg7 38.Ne2 Qd6 39.Nd4

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Again White was threatened with the loss of the f-pawn. 39...Qf6 But now if 39...Bxf3 40.Bxf5 with the better game. Neither knight can retake on account of 40.Nexf3 Ng4+; 40. Ndxf3 Ng4+. 40.Ng2 Nc6 Why not 40...Bxf3 now is not clear. Both players seem to overlook points hereabouts, perhaps under pressure of time limit. 41.Ne6+ Kg8 42.Bc2 Qe5 43.Ngf4 Qxe3+ 44.Kxe3

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 18

After this a draw is the rational and almost necessary outcome of the position. 44...Nb4 45.Bb1 Ne5 46.Nd4 Kf7 47.a3 Nd5+ 48.Nxd5 Bxd5 49.Bd3 Ke7 50.Be2 Kd6 51.f4 Nd7 52.g4 fxg4 53. Bxg4 (Adjourned) 53...Nb6 (Sealed) Forcing another exchange of pieces with a drawing certainty. 54.h4 Bb7 55.Be6 Nd5+ 56.Bxd5 Kxd5 57.Nf3 Bc8 58.Ng5 h5 59.Ne4 Bf5 60.Nc3+ Kc5 61.Ne4+ Kd5 ½-½ [Lasker vs Steinitz Match Index]

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 19

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Lasker v. Steinitz World Championship Match, Game 19, 1894.05.26, Montreal CAN D40 - Queen's Gambit Declined, Semi-Tarrasch Defense Notes by Steinitz

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1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Nf3 Be7 5.e3 0-0 6.Bd3 c5 7.dxc5 dxc4 8.Bxc4 Qxd1+ 9.Kxd1 Nc6 10.a3 Bxc5 11. b4 Rd8+

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Materially different from the eleventh game of the present match, where Black here continued 11...Bb6.

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Quite a new plan; with the object of bringing the knight into more attacking play via e7, but possibly a waiting, defensive policy like 12...Be7 is fully as good, especially as it leaves the king untrammeled. 13.Bb2 Bd7 14.Rhd1 Rac8 15.Bb3 Ne7 16.Nd4 Ng6 17.Rd2 e5

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Hardly a commendable plan, as it weakens the center. Far superior was 17...Ne5 18.Rad1 Be7 ( not 18...Nc4 19. Bxc4 Rxc4 20.Nf3 followed by Ne5 and pawn to g4 with a winning attack) 19.Ndb5 Ne4 with an excellent game. 18.Nf3 Bg4 19.Rxd8 Rxd8 20.h3 Bxf3+

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 19

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After this capture troubles increase for Black, mainly due to the strength of the adverse combined bishops. 20...Bd7 21.Rd1 Be7 preserved equality with greater ease. 21.gxf3 Be7 22.Rc1 Kf8 23.Na4 b6 24.Nc3 Bd6 25.Rd1 Ne8 26.Nb5 Rd7

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A fatal error, which utterly ruins his game. 26...a6 was now the only correct move for Black to preserve material equality, and by careful play on both sides the balance of position could have been well defended and White's broken pawns on the king's wing would have deterred him from adopting attacking measures. 27.Bc2 Ke7 28.Bf5 a6 29.Bxd7 Kxd7 30.Nc3 f5

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Also very bad. If anything were yet to be done 30...Ne7 followed by 31...f6 furnishes undoubtedly a much better defense. The weakness of the e-pawn leaves a mark for the breaking in by White's combined forces, which soon renders resistance hopeless. 31.b5 axb5 32.Nxb5 Ke6 33.Bc3 Ne7 34.Nxd6 Nxd6 35.Bb4 Nd5 36.Rc1 Nf7 37.Bd2 Nd6 38.Kd3 Kd7 39.e4 Nf6 40.Be3 fxe4+ 41.fxe4 b5 42.f3 Nc4 43.Rc3 Ne8 44.Bc1 Ncd6 45.Rc5 Nc7 46.Rxe5 Ne6 47.Rh5 h6 48.Re5 g5 49.h4 gxh4 50.Rh5 Kc6 51.Rxh6 Nc5+ 52.Kc2

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Chessville - Instruction - Annotated Games - Lasker v. Steinitz 1894 Game 19

Ed. Note: And with Steinitz's resignation at this point, the match and the World Championship belonged to Lasker. 1-0 [Lasker vs Steinitz Match Index]

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