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Wireless Internet Everything You Need to Develop E-Commerce Enabled Wireless Web Sites • Step-by-Step Instructions for Authoring a Web Clipping Application • Complete Coverage of ASP.NET’s Microsoft Mobile Internet Toolkit Extensions • Master Wireless Security, Including Embedded Security Technology, Secure Air-Connect Technologies, Mobile Operator Network Security, and Authentication
Ryan Fife Wei Meng Lee Dan A. Olsen
Technical Editor
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[email protected] With more than 1,500,000 copies of our MCSE, MCSD, CompTIA, and Cisco study guides in print, we continue to look for ways we can better serve the information needs of our readers. One way we do that is by listening. Readers like yourself have been telling us they want an Internet-based service that would extend and enhance the value of our books. Based on reader feedback and our own strategic plan, we have created a Web site that we hope will exceed your expectations. [email protected] is an interactive treasure trove of useful information focusing on our book topics and related technologies. The site offers the following features: ■ One-year warranty against content obsolescence due to vendor product upgrades. You can access online updates for any affected chapters. ■ “Ask the Author”™ customer query forms that enable you to post questions to our authors and editors. ■ Exclusive monthly mailings in which our experts provide answers to reader queries and clear explanations of complex material. ■ Regularly updated links to sites specially selected by our editors for readers desiring additional reliable information on key topics. Best of all, the book you’re now holding is your key to this amazing site. Just go to www.syngress.com/solutions, and keep this book handy when you register to verify your purchase. Thank you for giving us the opportunity to serve your needs. And be sure to let us know if there’s anything else we can do to help you get the maximum value from your investment. We’re listening.
www.syngress.com/solutions
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1 YEAR UPGRADE BUYER PROTECTION PLAN
Webmaster’s Guide to the
Wireless Internet
Ryan Fife Wei Meng Lee Dan A. Olsen
Technical Editor
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Syngress Publishing, Inc., the author(s), and any person or firm involved in the writing, editing, or production (collectively “Makers”) of this book (“the Work”) do not guarantee or warrant the results to be obtained from the Work. There is no guarantee of any kind, expressed or implied, regarding the Work or its contents.The Work is sold AS IS and WITHOUT WARRANTY. You may have other legal rights, which vary from state to state. In no event will Makers be liable to you for damages, including any loss of profits, lost savings, or other incidental or consequential damages arising out from the Work or its contents. Because some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages, the above limitation may not apply to you. You should always use reasonable care, including backup and other appropriate precautions, when working with computers, networks, data, and files. Syngress Media®, Syngress®, and “Career Advancement Through Skill Enhancement®,” are registered trademarks of Syngress Media, Inc. “Ask the Author UPDATE™,” “Mission Critical™,”“Hack Proofing™,” and “The Only Way to Stop a Hacker is to Think Like One™” are trademarks of Syngress Publishing, Inc. Brands and product names mentioned in this book are trademarks or service marks of their respective companies. KEY 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010
SERIAL NUMBER NJ48USDNFV MBLAU4TPTR WDP9FUV3GB 56LNSXDKMF 2SNF438BMF KGF8E45SJF KXMPER9T3E AMGPE94FGY LE49ETVD9R CERUT3HNTR
PUBLISHED BY Syngress Publishing, Inc. 800 Hingham Street Rockland, MA 02370 Webmaster’s Guide to the Wireless Internet
Acknowledgments We would like to acknowledge the following people for their kindness and support in making this book possible. Richard Kristof and Duncan Anderson of Global Knowledge, for their generous access to the IT industry’s best courses, instructors, and training facilities. Ralph Troupe, Rhonda St. John, and the team at Callisma for their invaluable insight into the challenges of designing, deploying, and supporting world-class enterprise networks. Karen Cross, Lance Tilford, Meaghan Cunningham, Kim Wylie, Harry Kirchner, Kevin Votel, Kent Anderson, and Frida Yara of Publishers Group West for sharing their incredible marketing experience and expertise. Mary Ging, Caroline Hird, Simon Beale, Caroline Wheeler,Victoria Fuller, Jonathan Bunkell, and Klaus Beran of Harcourt International for making certain that our vision remains worldwide in scope. Anneke Baeten and Annabel Dent of Harcourt Australia for all their help. David Buckland,Wendi Wong, Daniel Loh, Marie Chieng, Lucy Chong, Leslie Lim, Audrey Gan, and Joseph Chan of Transquest Publishers for the enthusiasm with which they receive our books. Kwon Sung June at Acorn Publishing for his support. Ethan Atkin at Cranbury International for his help in expanding the Syngress program. Gene Landy at Ruberto, Israel, & Weiner for his support and his honesty—and for occasionally picking up the tab.Thank you for your friendship Gene.
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Contributors Ryan Fife is a Technical Architect for Yospace where he is building their developer outreach program.Yospace has a strong market reputation for the development and deployment of high quality, working wireless data solutions that add value even at the earliest stages of this market. Ryan is working to maintain this prestigious reputation and expand the number of developers who use Yospace products to build quality applications. He has been building wireless solutions for more than two years for clients that include large wireless companies such as Nokia and Ericsson. Prior to joining Yospace, Ryan co-founded AnywhereYouGo.com, a wireless portal for developers that covered WAP, J2ME, SMS, i-Mode, and PDA technologies. Ryan also has architected and built large e-commerce systems in Java as a consultant for Electronic Data Systems (EDS). Ron Herardian is a leading expert in wireless software technology and messaging presently serving as Director of Product Strategy for ClickServices, Inc., a venture-backed Silicon Valley startup funded by Cisco Systems. Ron previously founded a wireless software startup, 3minder, Inc., that developed an integrated wireless and Internet messaging technology and which merged with ClickServices, Inc., in May of 2000. Before entering the wireless field, he served for five years as CEO and Chief Systems Architect for Global System Services Corporation (GSS), an infrastructure systems consulting firm providing a range of services in the areas of electronic messaging, directory services, and groupware. At GSS, Ron provided technology strategies for Fortune 500 clients, as well as software and solution architectures for ISPs and infrastructure software vendors such as Netscape Communications. A California native, Ron holds various technical certifications and is the author of numerous technical papers and articles on wireless technology and electronic messaging, as well as a book on LAN-based e-mail. He holds a bachelor’s degree from Santa Clara University and a master’s degree from Stanford University. vii
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Rory Lysaght is a Mobile Device Specialist at Ripcord Systems, a wireless startup based in Seattle and London. At Ripcord, Rory put together one of the first wireless GSM iPAQs in Europe. He has worked in Web and wireless development in the United States, Europe, and Japan. He has contributed articles to several online and paper publications, including Web Review and the EE Times. Prior to this, Rory worked as a photojournalist, publishing numerous documentary stories in magazines in the same three continents. He is a member of the WAP forum and the Palm developer network. Rory is also a contributor to Syngress Publishing’s Palm OS Web Application Developer’s Guide (ISBN: 1-928994-32-6). He lives in Seattle,WA. Wei Meng Lee is Series Editor for Syngress Publishing’s .NET Developer Series. He is currently lecturing at The Center for Computer Studies, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore.Wei Meng is actively involved in Web development work and conducts training for Web developers and Visual Basic programmers. He has co-authored two books on WAP and holds a bachelor’s degree in Information Systems and Computer Science from the National University of Singapore.The first book in the .NET series, VB.NET Developer’s Guide (ISBN: 1-928994-48-2), is currently available from Syngress Publishing.
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Technical Editor and Contributor Dan A. Olsen is an independent Web technology consultant based in San Francisco, CA. He specializes in helping nonprofit organizations and small business people utilize Internet technology to make their internal processes more efficient and to communicate with their clients more easily. Dan formerly worked as an application developer and usability engineer for Informano Networks, a wireless Managed Services Provider located in Emeryville, CA. In this capacity, he handled all aspects of client-side development for a wide variety of devices including WAP and wireless mobile phones, PDAs, and desktop Web browsers. Prior to his venture into the world of wireless technology, Dan spent two years with Cox Interactive Media (CIM) as a Multimedia Developer and Web Technical Lead. During his tenure with CIM, he was the inhouse technical resource for BayInsider.com, a San Francisco Bay Area portal. Under the umbrella of CIM, he developed, built, and maintained several Web sites for various local media partners and local events. Dan studied anthropology and new media communications at the University of Washington in Seattle.
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Technical Reviewer and Contributor Richard Weeks (B.Sc.) is Managing Director of brightfluid (www.brightfluid.com), a research consultancy that is studying the behavioral patterns of the users of mobile communications—the social and psychological triggers that accompany mobile phone usage. Richard’s background includes key positions at Grey Interactive Services Ltd. (UK) where he helped launch the Cartoon Network’s WAP site and AnywhereYouGo.com in the UK where he was Business Development Manager. Richard is a frequent contributor to various consumer and professional mobile publications and has appeared on CNN Financial as an expert in the field. His expertise extends from mobile phone technologies such as SMS and WAP through to wireless LAN, satellite communications, and in-flight information delivery resulting in an all-round appreciation for all aspects of the wireless Internet phenomenon.
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Contents
Foreword Answers to Your Wireless Questions
Q: Will I have to learn different programming if i-Mode comes to the United States?
A: i-Mode uses a subset of HTML called Compact HTML (cHTML). Anyone familiar with HTML should have no problem learning this. However, there are signs that the industry may move towards XHTML as the preferred markup language for these devices.
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Chapter 1 Moving from the Web to Wireless Introduction Explaining Wireless Types of Wireless Connectivity Mobile Phones as Wireless Modems Packet Switched Networks Future Networks Local and Personal Networks Fixed Wireless Connectivity Evolving Mobile Devices Wireless Phones Basic Mobile Phone Properties PDAs Palm OS Devices Pocket PC Devices Basic PDA Properties Laptop Computers Basic Laptop Properties Convergent and Future Mobile Wireless Devices Something Old, Something New Old Stuff:The Existing Internet New Stuff: Mobile Connectivity Moving from a Wired to a Wireless Internet Rethinking User Interface and Interaction
Using the Short Message Service The Short Message Service (SMS) allows you to send and receive messages of about 160 characters via your mobile phone using a GSM network. This is a relatively old technology but is still quite popular.
Chapter 2 Wireless Architecture Introduction Components of a Wireless Network The WAP Browser The WAP Gateway Corresponding WAP Protocols Understanding Information Flow through the Gateway The Web Server Adjusting the Metaphor for the Wireless Internet Considering the Mobile User Complementing Your Web Offering Accepting the Challenge of WAP-Enabled Devices Determining Device Capabilities Testing Your Application on Various Devices Adopting Wireless Standards Options in Markup Languages Wireless Markup Language Compact HTML Web Clipping Handheld Device Markup Language Using Wireless Networks and Their Evolving Generations Noting the Market for Wireless Browsers and Other Applications WAP Browsers Java2 Micro Edition i-Mode and cHTML Palm Query Application Web Browser
Short Message Service Summary Solutions Fast Track Frequently Asked Questions
Exploring the <postfield> Element The <postfield> element specifies a name and value pair that will be sent to the server as part of a URL request. The following are attributes for the <postfield> element: ■
name The name of the field.
■
value The value of the field.
Chapter 3 A New Markup: WML Introduction A Brief History of Wireless Content Developing the Intelligent Terminal Transfer Protocol Developing the Handheld Device Markup Language Developing the Tagged Text Markup Language Forming the WAP Forum Combining Languages into the Wireless Markup Language Projecting Future Growth WML Overview Creating Well-Formed Documents Nesting Creating Valid Documents Using WML Syntax Following Syntax Rules Replacing Entities Closing Elements Characterizing the Element with Attributes Case Sensitivity Handling White Space Commenting Using Variables Formatting Text Displaying Fonts Reserved Characters Displaying Tables Meta Information Controlling Caching