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Editor: Richard Koman Production Editor: Clairemarie Fisher O’Leary Printing History: January 1999:
First Edition.
Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O’Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. The association of the image of a weasel and the topic of web design is a trademark of O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.
ISBN: 1-56592-515-7 [M]
[12/99]
Table of Contents
Preface .................................................................................................... xiii
Part I: The Web Environment Chapter 1—Designing for a Variety of Browsers ...................... 3 Browsers ................................................................................................. 3 Design Strategies .................................................................................... 9 Writing Good HTML ............................................................................. 11 Knowing Your Audience ..................................................................... 12 Considering Your Site’s Purpose ......................................................... 13 Test! Test! Test! ..................................................................................... 13
Chapter 2—Designing for a Variety of Displays .................... 14 Dealing with Unknown Monitor Resolutions ..................................... Fixed versus Flexible Web Page Design ............................................. Accessibility .......................................................................................... Alternative Displays ..............................................................................
14 19 23 26
Chapter 3—Web Design Principles for Print Designers ...................................................................... 28 Color on the Web ................................................................................. 28 Graphics on the Web ........................................................................... 34 Typography on the Web ...................................................................... 41
Chapter 4—A Beginner’s Guide to the Server ......................... 47 Servers 101 ............................................................................................ Introduction to Unix ............................................................................. File Naming Conventions ..................................................................... Uploading Documents (FTP) ............................................................... File (MIME) Types ................................................................................
47 50 57 57 61
Part II: HTML Chapter 5—HTML Overview .......................................................... 67 HTML Editing Tools ............................................................................. WYSIWYG Authoring Tools ................................................................ Document Structure ............................................................................. HTML Tags ............................................................................................ Information Browsers Ignore ............................................................... Tips on Good HTML Style ................................................................... Specifying Color in HTML .................................................................... Character Entities .................................................................................. HTML Resources in This Book ............................................................
68 68 70 71 73 74 75 84 89
Chapter 6—Structural HTML Tags ............................................... 91 Summary of Structural Tags ................................................................. Setting Up an HTML Document .......................................................... Global Settings with the Tag .................................................. Using <meta> Tags ...............................................................................
91 94 96 98
Chapter 7—Formatting Text ......................................................... 102 Summary of Text Tags ....................................................................... Working with HTML Text .................................................................. Inline Type Styles ............................................................................... The Tag ................................................................................... Lists ...................................................................................................... Layout Techniques with HTML ..........................................................
102 112 114 116 118 122
Chapter 8—Creating Links ........................................................... 130 Summary of Tags Related to Linking ................................................ Simple Hypertext Links ...................................................................... Linking Within a Document ............................................................... Affecting the Appearance of Links ....................................................
Targeting Windows ............................................................................ 137 Imagemaps .......................................................................................... 137 Non-Web Links and Protocols ........................................................... 143
Chapter 9—Adding Images and Other Page Elements ...... 146 Summary of Object Placement Tags .................................................. Horizontal Rules ................................................................................. Image Basics ....................................................................................... The Tag and Its Attributes ...................................................... Adding Java Applets to the Page ....................................................... Adding Plug-in Media with <embed> ............................................... Adding Media Files with
