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XI\QMV\[ PI^QVO ]VLMZOWVM QVRMK\QWV TIZaVOW XTI[\a ][QVO UQKZWVQbML P]UIV LMZUQ[ _MZM ZM^QM_ML WNXI\QMV\[PIL[QOVQâKIV\JMV Mâ\XI[\UWV\P[# WN\PMXI\QMV\[PILTWVO \MZU OZMI\MZ \PIV UWV\P[ QUXZW^MUMV\ 7VMWN\PMSMa[\ZMVO\P[WN\PM[\]LaQVILLQ \QWV \W XZW[XMK\Q^MTa IKY]QZML []JRMK\Q^M IVL WJRMK\Q^M ^WQKM Y]ITQ\a LI\I LMUWV[\ZI\QVO JMVMâ\QVUIVaXIZIUM\MZ[_I[\PI\ITTWN\PM \ZMI\MLXI\QMV\[PIL_MTTM[\IJTQ[PMLXIZITa[Q[ UISQVO \PM TQSMTQPWWL WN [XWV\IVMW][ VM]ZIT ZMKW^MZa]VTQSMTaI[IKWVNW]VLQVO^IZQIJTM *MaWVL ^WKIT XIZITa[Q[ QVRMK\QWV TIZaVOW XTI[\a Q[ WN\MV \PM \ZMI\UMV\ WN KPWQKM NWZ ^W KIT XIZITa[Q[ IVL VWVXIZITa\QK OTW\\QK QV[]Nâ KQMVKa
.QO 8ZMWXMZI\Q^M IVL XW[\WXMZI\Q^M I\ IVL UWV\P[ IKW][\QK XIZIUM\MZ[ IVL ^WQKM PIVLQKIX QVLM` LI\I2Q\\MZIVL[PQUUMZIZMZMXWZ\MLQVXMZKMV\XPWVI\QWV\QUMQV[MKWVL[IQZãW_QVT[MK¶IVL\PM>WQKM 0IVLQKIX1VLM`I[\PM\W\IT[KWZMLQ^QLMLJa[W\PI\Q\â\[\PMOZIXPs[aI`Q[[KITM.ZWUCE
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#ONCLUSION HEADING#ONCLUSION 4ECHNICALÈ!SPECTSÈFORÈ5SINGÈ-ICRONIZEDÈ !CELLULARÈ(UMANÈ$ERMIS
5QKZWVQbML IKMTT]TIZ LMZUQ[ +aUM\ZI Q[ IV QUXWZ\IV\UI\MZQITNWZITTXZIK\Q\QWVMZ[UIVIO QVO OTW\\QK QV[]NâKQMVKa JMKI][M WN Q\[ W^MZITT [INM\aIVLI^IQTIJQTQ\aNWZQUUMLQI\M][M
4REATMENTÈOFÈ'LOTTALÈ)NSUFFICIENCY
4QNM+MTT KWZXWZI\QWV XIKSIOM QV[MZ\ NZWU KWU XIVa_MJ[Q\MIKKM[[ML2IV]IZa___TQNM KMTTKWU 5WZOIV ); 5K1NN < 8IZS ,4 <[]M << 3ZQM\ 2, *QWUMKPIVQKIT XZWXMZ\QM[ WN UI\MZQIT[ ][MLQV[\I\QKNIKQIT[][XMV[QWV)ZKP.IKQIT8TI[\ ;]ZO" w *]QVM_QKb * :W[MV * )KMTT]TIZ KILI^MZQK LMZUQ[)TTW,MZU"IVM_IT\MZVI\Q^MNWZIJLWUQ VITPMZVQIZMXIQZ)VV8TI[\;]ZO" w! ;QVPI=3;IILI\,,WPMZ\a+5:QKM,0 =[MWN)TTW,MZUQUXTIV\\WXZM^MV\NZMa[aVLZWUM IN\MZXIZW\QLMK\WUa)ZKP.IKQIT8TI[\;]ZO"!w 5MVWV6/:WLZQO]Mb-,*aZVM[+3/QZW\\W2) /WTLJMZO 60 ;QT^MZUIV :8 :M^I[K]TIZ QbI\QWV WN P]UIV IKMTT]TIZ LMZUQ[ QV N]TT\PQKS VM[[IJLWUQVIT_ITTZMKWV[\Z]K\QWVQV\PMZIJJQ\ UWLMT)VV8TI[\;]ZO"w ;KITNIVQ)8:WUW<1112IKWUW)):MR] ^MVI\QWVWN\PMIOQVOTQX_Q\PIVQVRMK\IJTMIKMTT] TIZLMZUITOZIN\+aUM\ZI)ZKP.IKQIT8TI[\;]ZO "w
È #HAPTERÈÈ
+W]ZMa5;0WUWTWOW][KWTTIOMV[]J[\IVK M[ NWZ ^WKIT NWTL I]OUMV\I\QWV 4IZaVOW[KWXM "w ! 3TMU]S ;)Q[KWMTI[\QK XZWXMZ \QM[ WN \PZMM ^WKITNWTL QVRMK\IJTM JQWUI\MZQIT[ I\ TW_ I]LQW NZMY]MVKQM[ 4IZaVOW[KWXM "!w 3IZXMVSW)6,_WZSQV285MTMKI:2;\IKPTMZ:2 +aUM\ZIQVRMK\QWVNWZ]VQTI\MZIT^WKITNWTL XIZITa[Q[)VV7\WT:PQVWT4IZaVOWT"!w! 5QT[\MQV +. )S[\ 45 0QKS[ 5, )JMT[WV <1 ;\ZWU 5 4WVO\MZU MNNMK\[ WN UQKZWVQbML ITTWLMZUQVRMK\QWVNWZ]VQTI\MZIT^WKITNWTLXIZIT a[Q[4IZaVOW[KWXM;MX#!" ?WW88ZM[MV\MLI\\PMIVV]ITUMM\ QVOWN\PM)UMZQKIV*ZWVKPW-[WXPIOWTWOQKIT)[ [WKQI\QWV;KW\\[LITM)ZQbWVI5Ia BIXIV\I8-*QMTIUW_QKb;)4IZaVOMITIJ [KM[[ IN\MZ QVRMK\QWV TIZaVOWXTI[\a _Q\P UQKZWV QbML)TTW,MZU4IZaVOW[KWXM"w
#HAPTERÈ
6OCALÈ&OLDÈ!UGMENTATIONÈÈ WITHÈ#ALCIUMÈ(YDROXYLAPATITE
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)NDICATIONSÈFORÈ6OCALÈ&OLDÈ!UGMENTA )NDICATIONSÈFORÈ6OCALÈ&OLDÈ TIONÈWITHÈ#A(! !UGMENTATIONÈWITHÈ#A(! 1VRMK\QWV I]OUMV\I\QWV Q[ JM[\ ZM[MZ^ML NWZ XMZ[WV[_Q\PI[UITTUUWZUMLQ]U[QbML wUU OTW\\IT OIX 1VLQ^QL]IT[ _Q\P I TIZOM OIX&UUUIaJMJM\\MZ[MZ^ML_Q\PIUM LQITQbI\QWVTIZaVOWXTI[\aIVLIZa\MVWQLZMXW[Q \QWVQVOQNQVLQKI\ML
=VQTI\MZIT^WKITNWTLXIZITa[Q[ =VQTI\MZIT^WKITNWTLXIZM[Q[ *QTI\MZIT^WKITNWTLXIZM[Q[ 8ZM[JaTIZaV` 8IZSQV[WVs[LQ[MI[M )JL]K\WZ[XI[UWLQKLa[XPWVQI
! !
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0ETERÈ#È"ELAFSKY È'REGORYÈ.È0OSTMA
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)T\PW]OP+I0)KIVJMQVRMK\MLQV\PMWXMZI\ QVO ZWWU \PZW]OP I ZQOQL TIZaVOW[KWXM QV IV I_ISMJ]\ILMY]I\MTa[MLI\MLIVLIVM[\PM\QbML XI\QMV\ _M KPWW[M \W LW \PM UIRWZQ\a WN W]Z QVRMK\QWV[QVXIZITabMLXI\QMV\[]VLMZOMVMZIT IVM[\PM[QIMV\]ZQ RM\ ^MV\QTI\QWV NZWU IJW^M\PM^WKITNWTL[CE=[MWN\PM0]V[ISMZ \]JMINNWZL[IV]VWJ[\Z]K\ML^QM_WNJW\P^WKIT NWTL[ _PQTM XZW^QLQVO KWV\QV]W][ ^MV\QTI\QWV .QO
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È #HAPTERÈÈ
KIZ\QTIOM
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#ONCLUSION HEADING#ONCLUSION 1VRMK\QWVI]OUMV\I\QWV_Q\P+I0)Q[IVM`KQ\ QVO VM_ ILLQ\QWV \W \PM TIZaVOWTWOQ[\s[ \PMZI XM]\QK IZUIUMV\IZQ]U QV \PM \ZMI\UMV\ WN OTW\\IT QV[]NâKQMVKaWKIT NWTL I]OUMV\I \QWV_Q\P:ILQM[[MKIVJMXMZNWZUMLQV\PMWN âKM]VLMZTWKITIVM[\PM[QIWZQV\PMWXMZI\QVO ZWWU]VLMZOMVMZITIVM[\PM[QI*MKI][M_MIZM ]VKMZ\IQV IJW]\ \PM IL^MZ[M MNNMK\[ WN QVIKK] ZI\M+I0)QVRMK\QWV[_MXZMNMZ\WXMZNWZU\PM XZWKML]ZMQV\PMWXMZI\QVOZWWU]VLMZUQKZW [KWXQK O]QLIVKM _PMZM XZMKQ[QWV KIV JM O]IZ IV\MML
HEADING2EFERENCES 2EFERENCES 2IZKPW 5 ! +ITKQ]U XPW[XPI\M KMZIUQK[ I[ PIZL\Q[[]MXZW[\PM\QK[+TQV7Z\PWX"!w +WV[\IV\QVW 8, .ZQMLUIV +, 2WVM[ 3 M\ IT !! -`XMZQUMV\IT PaLZW`aIXI\Q\M KMUMV\ KZI VQWXTI[\a8TI[\:MKWV[\Z;]ZO!"w +WV[\IV\QVW 8, .ZQMLUIV +, 2WVM[ 3 M\ IT !! 0aLZW`aIXI\Q\M KMUMV\" 1 *I[QK KPMUQ[\Za IVLPQ[\WTWOQKXZWXMZ\QM[)ZKP7\WTIZaVOWT0MIL 6MKS;]ZO"!w
.ZQMLUIV +, +WV[\IV\QVW 8, 2WVM[ 3 M\ IT !!0aLZW`aIXI\Q\MKMUMV\"117JTQ\MZI\QWVIVL ZMKWV[\Z]K\QWVWN\PMKI\NZWV\IT[QV][)ZKP7\W TIZaVOWT0MIL6MKS;]ZO" w ! 2IZKPW 5 ! *QWUI\MZQIT I[XMK\[ WN KITKQ]U XPW[XPI\M[" XZWXMZ\QM[ IVL IXXTQKI\QWV[ ,MV\ +TQV6WZ\P)U"w 0WTUM[ :- 0IOTMZ 03 ! 8WZW][ PaLZW`a IXI\Q\MI[IJWVMOZIN\[]J[\Q\]\MQVKZIVQITZMKWV [\Z]K\QWV"IPQ[\WUM\ZQK[\]La8TI[\:MKWV[\Z;]ZO "w *MTIN[Sa 8+ 8W[\UI /6 >WKIT NWTL I]O UMV\I\QWV _Q\P KITKQ]U PaLZW`aTIXI\Q\M 7\WTIZ aVOWT0MIL6MKS;]ZO"w +PPM\ZQ,32IPIV8IZ_IZ*0IZ\;,*P]\I;5 *MZSM/;1VRMK\QWVTIZaVOWXTI[\a_Q\PKIT KQ]U PaLZW`aTIXI\Q\M OMT QUXTIV\ QV IV QV ^Q^W KIVQVMUWLMT)VV7\WT:PQVWT4IZaVOWT"!w ! 4MM*?WW8=[MWNQVRMK\IJTMPaLZW`aIXI \Q\MQV\PM[MKWVLIZa[M\\QVO\WZM[\WZMOTW\\QKKWU XM\MVKM IN\MZ XIZ\QIT TIZaVOMK\WUa _Q\P IZa\MV WQLMK\WUa)VV7\WT:PQVWT4IZaVOWT" w :W[MV+)WQKM " w! *MZSM/;/MZZI\\*3ZMQUIV22IKS[WV3!!!
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HEADING#ONCLUSION #ONCLUSION
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#HAPTERÈ
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HEADING#ONCLUSION #ONCLUSION
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HEADING$ISCUSSION $ISCUSSION 1VKWUXTM\M OTW\\IT KTW[]ZM KIV KI][M La[XPW VQI ^WKIT NI\QO]M MNNWZ\N]T XPWVI\QWV LQXTW XPWVQI IXPWVQI La[XPIOQI IVL I[XQZI\QWV
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HEADING#ONCLUSION #ONCLUSION *QTI\MZIT UMLQITQbI\QWV TIZaVOWXTI[\a IXXMIZ[ \WJMI[INMIVLMNNMK\Q^M\ZMI\UMV\NWZXI\QMV\[ _Q\P OTW\\IT QVKWUXM\MVKM L]M \W I _QLM IZ ZIaWNKI][M[8I\QMV\[_Q\PLMOMVMZI\Q^MVM] ZWU][K]TIZ LQ[MI[M[ IVLWZ XWWZ X]TUWVIZa N]VK\QWV IXXMIZ \W PI^M QVNMZQWZ ZM[]T\[ _PMV KWUXIZML_Q\P\PW[M_Q\PXIZITa[Q[XIZM[Q[WZ XZM[JaTIZaVOQ[ )XXZWXZQI\M XI\QMV\ [MTMK\QWV Q[M[[MV\QIT
HEADING2EFERENCES 2EFERENCES 1[[PQSQ 6 7SIU]ZI 0 1[PQSI_I < ! <PaZW XTI[\a \aXM 1 TI\MZIT KWUXZM[[QWV NWZ La[XPW VQI L]M \W ^WKIT KWZL XIZITa[Q[ WZ I\ZWXPa )K\I 7\WTIZaVOWT;\WKSP "w 3W]NUIV 2) ! 4IZaVOWXTI[\a NWZ ^WKIT KWZL UMLQITQbI\QWV"IVIT\MZVI\Q^M\W<MãWV4IZaVOW [KWXM!"w ?IVIUISMZ 2: 6M\\MZ^QTTM 24 7[[WNN :0 !! 8PWVW[]ZOMZa;QTI[\QKUMLQITQbI\QWVNWZ]VQTI\MZ IT^WKITNWTLXIZITa[Q[7XMZ<MKPVQY]M[7\WTIZaV OWT0MIL6MKS;]ZO"w 5I^M[5,5K+IJM*./ZIa;! !8PWVW[]O MZa" QVLQKI\QWV[ IVL XQ\NITT[ )VV 7\WT :PQVWT 4IZaVOWT! "w 3W]NUIV2)! !;]ZOQKITKWZZMK\QWVWNLa[XPW VQI L]M \W JW_QVO WN \PM ^WKIT KWZL[ )VV 7\WT :PQVWT4IZaVOWT! "w 3W]NUIV 2) 1[IIK[WV / !! 4IZaVOWXTI[\QK XPWVW[]ZOMZa 7\WTIZaVOWT +TQV 6 )U "w 1[[PQSQ6;PWRQ33WRQUI00QZIVW;!!>W KIT NWTL I\ZWXPa IVL Q\[ []ZOQKIT \ZMI\UMV\ )VV 7\WT:PQVWT4IZaVOWT" w 8W[\UI/6*TITWKS8,3W]NUIV2)!! *QTI\ MZIT UMLQITQbI\QWV TIZaVOWXTI[\a 4IZaVOW[KWXM "!w ! 1[[PQSQ 6 5WZQ\I 0 7SIU]ZI 0 0QZIUW\W 5 ! <PaZWXTI[\a I[ I VM_ XPWVW[]ZOQKIT \MKP VQY]M)K\I7\WTIZaVOWT "w 1[[PQSQ6
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HEADING#ONCLUSION #ONCLUSIONWQKMJMKWUM[IVQVKZMI[QVOKWVKMZVQV\PM WTLMZ KPQTL IVL ILWTM[KMV\ _Q\P ^WKIT NWTL XIZITa[Q[
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3UBJECTÈ)NDEX
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$ DBMDJVNIZESPYZMBQBUJUF 3BEJFTTF 3BEJBODF m BMMFSHJDSFBDUJPO m JNQMBOU 7P$P.
TFFIZESP YZMBQBUJUFJNQMBOU m JOKFDUFEQFSDVUBOFPVTMZ m QBTUF m UFDIOJRVF DBSEJBDWBMWFSFQBJS DBSPUJEFOEBSUFSFDUPNZ DFOUSBMWFOPVTDBUIFUFSJ[BUJPO DFQTUSVNBOBMZTJT DFSWJDBMTQJOF BOUFSJPSBQQSPBDI $IBSDPU.BSJF5PPUIEJTFBTF DIFTUSBEJPHSBQIZ $IJBSJNBMGPSNBUJPO DJTQMBUJO DPMMBHFO m BVUPMPHPVT m CPWJOF m IPNPMPHPVT m IVNBO
m JODIJMESFO DPNQFOTBUJPO DPNQMFYSFQFUJUJWFEJTDIBSHF DPNQVUFEUPNPHSBQIZ $5 DPOUJOVPVTQPTJUJWFBJSXBZ QSFTTVSF DPSEFDUPNZ DPSEPUPNZ DPSPOBSZBSUFSZCZQBTT DSJDPBSZUFOPJE m EJTMPDBUJPO BSZUFOPJE EJTMPDBUJPO m m KPJOU m m BSUISJUJT TFFDSJDPBSZUFOPJE KPJOUêYBUJPO m m êYBUJPO DSJDPBSZUFOPJE BOLZMPTJT m NVTDMF TFFNVTDMF QPTUFSJPS DSJDPBSZUFOPJE DSJDPBSZUFOPJEBOLZMPTJT TFFDSJDP BSZUFOPJEKPJOUêYBUJPO DSJDPJEDBSUJMBHF DSJDPQIBSZOHFBMNZPUPNZ DSJDPQIBSZOHFVTNVTDMF DSJDPUIZSPJE m BQQSPYJNBUJPO m KPJOU $5 TFFDPNQVUFEUPNPHSBQIZPS DSJDPUIZSPJE $ZNFUSB TFFNJDSPOJ[FEBDFMMVMBS EFSNJT DZUPNFHBMPWJSVT
% %J)" %FëVY EJQIUIFSJB EZTGVODUJPOBMSFJOOFSWBUJPO TFFTZOLJOFUJDSFJOOFSWBUJPO EZTQIBHJB EZTQIPOJBQMJDBWFOUSJDVMBSJT EZTQOFB
È
3UBJECTÈ)NDEX
& FMFDUSJDBMQBDJOH TFFGVODUJPOBM FMFDUSJBMTUJNVMBUJPO FMFDUSJDBMTUJNVMBUJPO TFFGVOD UJPOBMFMFDUSJDBMTUJNVMBUJPO FMFDUSPNZPHSBQIZ &.( m JODIJMESFO &.( TFFFMFDUSPNZPHSBQIZ FOEPUSBDIFBMJOUVCBUJPO TFFJOUV CBUJPO &QTUFJO#BSSWJSVT FTPQIBHFBMDBODFS FTPQIBHFDUPNZ FYBNJOBUJPO MBSZOHFBM
' GBTDJB GBU m IBSWFTU '&&4 TFFêCFSPQUJDFOEPTDPQJD FWBMVBUJPOPGTXBMMPXJOH êCFSPQUJDFOEPTDPQJDFWBMVBUJPOPG TXBMMPXJOH '&&4 êCSJMMBUJPO ëV TFFJOëVFO[B GPSDFQTEFMJWFSZ GSBNFXPSLTVSHFSZ TFFNFEJBMJ[B UJPOMBSZOHPQMBTUZ GVODUJPOBMFMFDUSJDBMTUJNVMBUJPO QBDJOH m BTQJSBUJPO m EFHMVUJUJWF m GPSBCEVDUJPO m GPSMBSZOHFBMUSBOTQMBOUBUJPO m GPSTXBMMPXJOH m GPSWPJDF m JOTQBTNPEJDEZTQIPOJB m QBUUFSO m SFDVSSFOUMBSZOHFBMOFSWF
( HBOHMJPO JOGFSJPSDFSWJDBM OPEPTF HFMGPBNJODIJMESFO HFOFUIFSBQZ (PSFUFY TFFQPMZUFUSBëVPSP FUIZMFOF FYQBOEFE
(SBWFTEJTFBTF (3#"4 HSPPWF USBDIFPFTPQIBHFBM 5& (VJMMBJO#BSSÊTZOESPNF
) )" TFFIZBMVSPOJDBDJE IFNBUPNB )FOOFNBOTTJ[FQSJODJQMF IFSQFT m TJNQMFY m [PTUFS I*(' TFFIVNBOJOTVMJOMJLF HSPXUIGBDUPS IPBSTFOFTT )PSOFSTTZOESPNF IVNBOJOTVMJOMJLFHSPXUIGBDUPS I*(' IZBMVSPOBO TFFIZBMVSPOJD BDJE )"
IZBMVSPOJDBDJE )" m DPNQMJDBUJPOT m JOKFDUJPO m SFTPSQUJPO m BMMFSHZ IZESPDFQIBMVT IZESPYZMBQBUJUFJNQMBOU 7P$P. m BJSXBZDPNQSPNJTF m DPNQMJDBUJPOT m IFNBUPNB m SFWJTJPO m UIZSPQMBTUZ IZQFSGVODUJPO TVQSBHMPUUJD IZQFSGVODUJPOBMDPNQFOTBUJPO IZQFSUIZSPJEJTN IZQPHMPTTBMOFSWF TFFOFSWF IZQPHMPTTBM
* JEJPQBUIJDWPDBMGPMEQBSBMZTJT TFFWPDBMGPMEQBSBMZTJT JEJPQBUIJD JOGFSJPSDFSWJDBM OPEPTF HBOHMJPO JOëVFO[B ëV JOKFDUJPOBVHNFOUBUJPO m EJSFDUNJDSPMBSZOHPTDPQZ m JOEJSFDUMBSZOHPTDPQZ
m BVUPMPHPVTGBU m m DPNQMJDBUJPOT m m DPOUSBJOEJDBUJPO m QFSDVUBOFPVT m UFDIOJRVFT m USBOTDVUBOFPVT m USBOTPSBM JOUFSBSZUFOPJENVTDMF TFFNVTDMF JOUFSBSZUFOPJE JOUVCBUJPO m FOEPUSBDIFBM m JOKVSZ *TTIJLJUZQF*UIZSPQMBTUZ TFFNFEJ BMJ[BUJPOMBSZOHPQMBTUZ *USFM**OFVSBMTUJNVMBUPS
+ KPTUMFTJHO
MBSHFBNQMJUVEFNPUPSVOJU MBSZOHFBM m EZTUPOJB TFFTQBTNPEJD EZTQIPOJB m FMFDUSPNZPHSBQIZ TFFFMFDUSP NZPHSBQIZ m QBDJOH TFFGVODUJPOBMFMFDUSJDBM TUJNVMBUJPO m USBOTQMBOUBUJPO m VMUSBTPVOE MBSZOHPTDPQZ m êCFSPQUJD m JOEJSFDU m SJHJE MBSZOHPTUSPCPTDPQZ TFFTUSPCPT DPQZ MBTFS DBSCPOEJPYJEF MBUFSBMJ[BUJPO m BSZUFOPJE m WPDBMGPME MBUFSPêYBUJPO -&.( TFFFMFDUSPNZPHSBQIZ MJHBNFOU m JOGFSJPSDSJDPUIZSPJE m PG#FSSZ MJHBNFOUVNBSUFSJPTVN MJHBUJPOPGBQBUFOUEVDUVT BSUFSJPTVT MJQPJOKFDUJPO TFFJOKFDUJPO BVUPMPHPVTGBU MJQPTVDUJPO MPCFDUPNZ MVOHDBODFS
È 3UBJECTÈ)NDEXÈ
-ZNFCPSSFMJPTJT MZNQIPNB
. NBHOFUJDSFTPOBODFJNBHJOH .3* NBMJHOBODZ NBYJNVNQIPOBUJPOUJNF .15 NFEJBMJ[BUJPOMBSZOHPQMBTUZ m CJMBUFSBM m DBSUJMBHF m DPNQMJDBUJPOT m (PSFUFY m IZESPYZMBQBUJUF m JNQMBOUFYUSVTJPO m JNQMBOUNBMQPTJUJPO m PWFSNFEJBMJ[BUJPO m QFSGPSBUJPO m QFSTJTUFOUHMPUUJDHBQ m QPTUPQFSBUJWFBJSXBZ PCTUSVDUJPO m SFWJTJPO m TJMBTUJD m UFDIOJRVFm m UJNJOH m UJUBOJVN m VOEFSDPSSFDUJPO m VOTBUJTGBDUPSZWPJDFSFTVMU m JODIJMESFO NFEJBTUJOBM m NFUBTUBTFT m QSPDFEVSF .)$ TFFNZPTJOIFBWZDIBJO NJDSPOJ[FEBDFMMVMBSEFSNJT $ZNFUSB m BMMFSHJDSFBDUJPOT m DPNQMJDBUJPOT m JODIJMESFO m QSFQBSBUJPO m WJSBMUSBOTNJTTJPO m "MMPEFSN m IPNPMPHPVTEFSNJT NJUPNZDJO NPEJêFECBSJVNTXBMMPX .POUHPNFSZUIZSPQMBTUZJNQMBOU TZTUFN m DPNQMJDBUJPOT m SFTVMUT .PSSJTPOQSPDFEVSF NPUPS m JOOFSWBUJPO
m VOJU m mBDUJPOQPUFOUJBM .15 TFFNBYJNVNQIPOBUJPO UJNF .3* TFFNBHOFUJDSFTPOBODF JNBHJOH NVMUJQMFTDMFSPTJT NVTDMF m DSJDPBSZUFOPJE m DSJDPQIBSZOHFVT m DSJDPUIZSPJE $5 m GBTUUXJUDIUZQF**êCFST m (BMFOTBOBTUPNPTJT m JOGFSJPSQIBSZOHFBM DPOTUSJDUPS m JOUFSBSZUFOPJE *" m MBUFSBMDSJDPBSZUFOPJE -$" m QPTUFSJPSDSJDPBSZUFOPJE 1$" m m TMPXDPOUSBDUJOHUZQF*êCFST m TMPXUXJUDIUZQF*êCFST m UIZSPBSZUFOPJE 5" m UZQF* TMPXUXJUDI êCFST m UZQF** GBTUUXJUDI êCFST m WPDBMJT NZBTUIFOJBHSBWJT NZPLZNJB NZPTJOIFBWZDIBJO .)$
m m m m
mSFQBJSPG TQJOBMBDDFTTPSZ TUJNVMBUPS TFFOFVSPQSPTUIFTJT TVQFSJPSMBSZOHFBM m mEFTDFOEJOHEJWJTJPO m mFYUFSOBMCSBODI m m(BMFOTBOBTUPNPTJT m mJOKVSZ m mJOUFSOBMCSBODI m mNJEEMFEJWJTJPO m mTVQFSJPSEJWJTJPO m WBHVT OFVSBQSBYJB OFVSPNVTDVMBS m KVODUJPO m QFEJDMF m QMBTUJDJUZ OFVSPQSPTUIFTJT m QSPCMFNT OFVSPQSPTUIFUJDEFWJDF TFFOFVSP QSPTUIFTJT OFVSPSSIBQIZ m SFDVSSFOUMBSZOHFBMOFSWF OFVSPUNFTJT /.1 OPEPTFHBOHMJPO TFFHBOHMJPO JOGFSJPSDFSWJDBM OVDMFVT m BNCJHVPVT m SFUSPGBDJBM m USBDUVTTPMJUBSJVT
0 / OBTPHBTUSJDUVCFJOTFSUJPO OFSWF m BOBTUPNPTJTPG(BMFO m BOTBDFSWJDBMJT m DPNNVOJDBUJOH m DSJDPJEBOBTUPNPTJT m GPSMBSZOHFBMSFJOOFSWBUJPO IZQPHMPTTBM m HMPTTPQIBSZOHFBM m IZQPHMPTTBM m m JOUFSBSZUFOPJEQMFYVT m SFDVSSFOUMBSZOHFBM m m mBEEVDUPSEJWJTJPO m mDFSWJDBMTFHNFOU m mQSJNBSZ m mSFBOBTUPNPTJT
PSHBOPQIPTQIBUF 0SUOFSTDBSEJPWPDBMTZOESPNF PVUDPNFTDBMF
1 QBDJOH TFFGVODUJPOBMFMFDUSJDB TUJNVMBUJPO QBMBUBMQBSBMZTJT QBSBēO QBSBHBOHMJPNB QBSBMZUJDGBMTFUUP QBSFTJT 1BSLJOTPOTEJTFBTF QBUFOUEVDUVTBSUFSJPTVT m MJHBUJPO QFSJDBSEJBMFĒVTJPO QMFVSJUJT
È
3UBJECTÈ)NDEX
QOFVNPOFDUPNZ QPMZQIBTJDQPUFOUJBM 1PMZUFG TFFQPMZUFUSBëVPSPFUIZMFOF QPMZNFS QPMZUFUSBëVPSPFUIZMFOF m FYQBOEFE HPSFUFY m mDPNQMJDBUJPOT m mFEFNB m mFYUSVTJPO m mIFNBUPNB m mNFEJBMJ[BUJPO m mUIZSPQMBTUZ m QPMZNFS UFëPO QPMZUFG m mHSBOVMPNB m mJOKFDUJPO JODIJMESFO QPTJUJWFTIBSQXBWF QPTUFSJPS m DPSEPUPNZ m DSJDPBSZUFOPJENVTDMF 1$" m DSJDPJEPUPNZ m HBQ m HMPUUJDTDBS m HMPUUJDTUFOPTJT QPTUFSJPSHMPUUJD TDBS QSFTCZMBSZOHJT QSFTCZQIPOJB QVFSQFSBMGFWFS
3 3BEJBODF TFFDBMDJVNIZESPYZM BQBUJUF SBEJBUJPO 3BEJFTTF TFFDBMDJVNIZESPYZM BQBUJUF SBEJPBDUJWFJPEJOF SFDSVJUNFOU SFHFOFSBUJPO OFSWF SFJOOFSWBUJPO m BCEVDUPS m BOTBDFSWJDBMJT m mUPSFDVSSFOUMBSZOHFBMOFSWF m EZTGVODUJPOBM TFFTZOLJOFUJD SFJOOFSWBUJPO m IZQPHMPTTBMOFSWF m mUPSFDVSSFOUMBSZOHFBMOFSWF m JOBQQSPQSJBUF TFFTZOLJOFUJD SFJOOFSWBUJPO m MBUFSBMDSJDPBSZUFOPJE
m PGUIF$5NVTDMF m 1$" QPTUFSJPSDSJDPBSZUFOPJE NVTDMF m QISFOJDOFSWF m QPTUFSJPSDSJDPBSZUFOPJENVTDMF m TFMFDUJWF m UIZSPBSZUFOPJE SFQBJSPGUIPSBDJDBPSUJDBOFVSZTN SFTPOBODF 3FTUZMBOF TFFIZBMPVSPOJD BDJE )"
SIFVNBUPJEBSUISJUJT 3-/ TFFOFSWF SFDVSSFOUMBSZOHFBM
4 T[SBUJP TBSDPJEPTJT TDBS 4FNPOTMBX TFSPMPHZ TJMJDPOFFMBTUPNFS TFFTJMBTUJD TJMBTUJD m JNQMBOU DBSWJOH m MBSZOHPQMBTUZ TJMJDPTJT TLVMMCBTFTVSHFSZ 4-/ TFFOFSWF TVQFSJPSMBSZOHFBM TQBTNPEJDEZTQIPOJB MBSZOHFBM EZTUPOJB TQJSPNFUSZ TUJNVMBUPS JNQMBOUBCMF TUSJEPS m JOJOGBOUT TUSPCPTDPQZ WJEFPTUSPCPTDPQZ TUSPLF TVMDVTWPDBMJT TZOLJOFTJT TFFTZOLJOFUJD SFJOOFSWBUJPO TZOLJOFUJDSFJOOFSWBUJPO TZO LJOFTJT m TZSJOHF #SÛOJOHT
5 5FëPO TFFQPMZUFUSBëVPSPFUIZMFOF QPMZNFS UIFSBQZ WPJDF TFFWPJDFUIFSBQZ UIPSBDJDBPSUJDBOFVSZTN SFQBJS
UIZSPJE m DBSDJOPNB m EJTFBTF m HMBOE m TDBO m TVSHFSZ TFFUIZSPJEFDUPNZ UIZSPJEFDUPNZ UIZSPQMBTUZ TFFNFEJBMJ[BUJPO MBSZOHPQMBTUZ UJUBOJVNWPDBMNFEJBMJ[BUJPO JNQMBOU m DPNQMJDBUJPOT m HSBOVMBUJPOUJTTVF m IFNBUPNB m PVUDPNF USBDIFPFTPQIBHFBM 5& HSPPWF USBDIFPUPNZ m GPSBTQJSBUJPO m JO#7'1 m JODIJMESFO USBOTQMBOUBUJPOPGUIFMBSZOY UVCFSDMFPG;VDLFSLBOEM UVCFSDVMPTJT UVCFSDVMPVTMZNQIBEFOPQBUIZ 57'.* TFFUJUBOJVNWPDBMGPME NFEJBMJ[BUJPOJNQMBOU UIZQIPJEGFWFS UZQIVT
6 VQQFSFTPQIBHFBMTQIJODUFS
7 WBHBMOFSWFTUJNVMBUPS WBMTBMWBNBOFVWFS WFMPQIBSZOHFBMJOTVēDJFODZ WFOUSJDVMPQFSJUPOFBMTIVOUGBJMVSF WJEFPTUSPCPTDPQZ TFFTUSPCPTDPQZ WJOCMBTUJOF WJODSJTUJOF WPDBMGPMEQBSBMZTJT m CJMBUFSBM m FWBMVBUJPO m GBNJMJBM m JBUSPHFOJD m JEJPQBUIJD m MFѫ m OBUVSBMIJTUPSZ m QSPHOPTJTm
È 3UBJECTÈ)NDEXÈ
m SFDPWFSZ m SJHIU m USFBUNFOU 7P$P.JNQMBOU TFFIZESPYZMBQB UJUFJNQMBOU WPJDFIBOEJDBQJOEFY WPJDFSFMBUFERVBMJUZPGMJGFJOTUSV NFOU WPJDFUIFSBQZ CFIBWJPSBMSFIBCJ MJUBUJPO m m EJSFDUUIFSBQZ
m IFBEQPTJUJPO m JOEJSFDUUIFSBQZ
8 8BHOFS(SPTTNBOOIZQPUIFTJT 8BMMFOCFSHTZOESPNF 8BMMFSJBOEFHFOFSBUJPO 8FTU/JMFWJSVT
; ;ZEFSN TFFDPMMBHFO CPWJOF ;ZQMBTU TFFDPMMBHFOCPWJOF