•
Touching Feeling AjfrCI, Pl!liagogy, Pnjormalivily
""" av ti KOSOF .IKY SEDGWI C K
~~
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CONTEN T S
............ , ......................... .
_• • 1
..,
Irnroduction . . .. ..... .
__ ___ _ lJ
Inl
,. SI'Ilornt. l"heauic:ol"y. and QUttr l'."rfo..".tm'1: Hmry p""",', Thr At!
of"" i"<MI .. ...
.. · jS
. ....... ..
1. Moond ,he ""rforn1>l;~: ""riperform •• h .. Vicin;ties in .. . .... . 67
J Sbarnt 10 the Cyb...-MtOC Fold: Reading Silvan Tomkins
(Wntttn "'ith Ad..m f ... nk) __ 4.
r>.... noid
. . .. ..•..• ... ..... . .... ...... ...
~.ding and Rep.roth .. Reading. 0.-. you·.... So P.... ,"'id .
Yoll I'r<>b.>bly Think Thi$ E.uay Is About You So
.."
Ped.ogogy of BuJdtnsm ..
Work. Chd _
InJox ... .... ... .
.... ............. .. - IOj ... tSJ
_.8j
ACItNOWLBOC).I Htl T$
G ... lirude is _ , in Sil .... n TomI
t~rms.
an
a/f~
bill. rompltJe emo-
Tion, Compk% as it is, 10 me it .11O .... ms one of the ",pp~.nd most limply 5OIf,,..,,,,,rcIing. Mich ..1 Moan hal been the >pur 10 this prt>jNt in • million ways he will . nd won', "'rogniz.e. each of them. new fo<m of be.llIy _ a! k:.~ ""... to
me.
My odor.1)k p;>rtno., H.I &.Igwick, .nd par.
rn1$, l eon and Rita KoooI"<3
whose: kk •• h.... provided an endless ",source rOT thi> w()I"k include St~ph.n lIorbor, Lau",n Be,I' n!. Judilh ~mler. M")' Comphcll. Jonathan Flatl.y, Adam I'wll" Jon.thon GolJberg, Tim Gould. Do.-;d " "",&ky. Joe: Li,\"O", Melis .. Solomon, Andy P.rt.~r, Cindy Panon, Shannon V.n Wey, and Josh W~r. Then lhe", . '" Al. n A.,rnw, M.rk Sou e' , L.... me Berry, Mondy Berry, R.f. eI C. mpo, Ty ler Cutt.in. Cathy D. vidoon, Eric OJ'''· man. Jennifer Do)-le, Denise Fubrook, Cbudi. Conson,,Ioe G<>rdon,Jan1 ....... llill,Jim Kincaid, W.yn< Koc:>tenhaum. Nina
Kopc.ky, Song",ln and Noom lUy Koso(,ky, Adam, D.nxl. and Il<>a .. H~n Smith. C""lbrmo. Dan and K2ren \\.'a .... " ea....ryn Williams. Carrie .ndJoe: Hi' W~ne't". Eric Wi"e... and Ken
Wisookr.•• among ,he frnnds ...·box •• '" hasnooris/t.ed ..... ,hrough.he>< good ~a". impc' ......... ' /Ioo'ing
1'"
my Buddhl5f Im.~i ... t""'. bc"dc. H.I.nd Mkh..,1 and Mory C . indude, S~ ."'n C.meron . Oon t.op
r.oocIti,,& Ftt/;~g is • p.limpseJ< 0( p<eviou!ly published and unpublished "..,cri. l. Ahhough I ~ fek (roe '0 ~ise. tlte essa,.. app"" in ,he order in which they _ .. originally ..,lin.... The .... in bon'owing:s /Tom published m••eri... a.. as foIbws. The ;",eriudc .ppta~ as por1 o( "Socn,;c R.lpturn. Soc..ric RuptUttS.: "'olcs toward Qn«r Pcrl'omt.ti";ty." in ~uIo ,,,,,,,,, • ...r 00-1. ~, Joru.tIun Komhohz and Susan Cublr (New York: Routl~. ' \19').
IN TRODUCTIO N
published 0$ ""Queer Pcrfommrnry in ell< 1'1 ..... York Edition Pn::r,,"." in HntfJ ;.-.. S ..... ront ~ T1tt CooII. ""rsiQn af Chapt... _
SoI"",io. ofluiry
Pn::rt-nk.mp and Rkhanl Henke (N<'W York: Ro."••d",. '1195). and "Qnttr Pcrli:lk and Stdgwid.
tYtI 0"(1,,&' Q>o ... Rtodi".!',i. ,IN;"" (Du rh. m. KC: Duke Uni ......;ty
Pn:: ... '9\l1), O ap... , was c"IllmiJ5iontd for Donald S_ Lop<' Jr..• d, . Cri'ic~' Tmru for I., of B",IdI, u m (Chic.go: Unl"er$i'y of Ch ic. go I'tuJ. fOr1hcomi"g).
S,".ry
Some p.rogrophson puform"iYi,y from ,he in,roduoion .nd Ch,pl
i'rrfo''''''''«
coedi,rd Pnfo<..."tiYily ~"d (New Von: R""'I~dg.> '1195). n.c diocuWon o f H enry ).omes·' ....1" rntid$m in Clu pter , both """t in .... and borrows from the d iJcu/llion ofT1ot Wi,,&, of,IIto- in T~ (Dumam. NC: Duu Uni""rsj.y Prta. ' 99'),
M uch of ,Ite writing in T...dIi,,& Ftdi"" orifIinallyo pp".red in odI .... conlem.
But ,h;' coUcoion of auyo 0110 "'f'I'tSCnU a diKinct project. on. tha, has occupied a decade. worIt. which has nonc::thelns. and with increasingsr"bbornn .... rc(UK
• p<'Oj«I '0 e.plore promulng .oo/J and '.chniq .... fOr Q!:nd, '"Ii',;c though. .nd p oingle 'opie, A lot of >' Fewer.rc . ble to , ..",mi, how to go . bou, it, 'he
I."
,hi.
""J
"'copti"" ." 'houghu. ..... '0 nul'fU" and conn«< them •• nd .....,.p.ible h.ppineJo In IIteir . ... enalnmen •. £Jpccially .-..:t ,Ite .96Ot .ny nu mber of WC>(e.n academic. popular. and pn>feuion.aJ di.., ..... n cumlllo,,-. dy in""'ing nondualistic opptO>cII
.... t=ioni.ol ",I>,ion'. pNagogy. religloo.nd >piritu.lif)'. n«. mind·body pn>bI<m ..ks. tr ."'... 8u, of c.....1'$< f•• easi~r '" dtpl'eCl'. ,II< confounding. ,.ndontioou etfens of binary modes 0( ,lUnkng-.nd
I,',
'0 ~'P'*' thrir ol1m ..ultifymg !"""Y''t''IiQn - ,han i, is '0 al'ticuU,~ or rnodtlooh.. >lructurn of though •. ~n.o invoke.."..!...,iom... pt.=y 0( BuddhlSl .n.. r.u point ""', is '0 ,umbic right in,,, • dIU lis! k lnp_ 1'... aho'a)" ' J$lIrI1fry 0( ",ha, a an', figure uut how to ..y ",;>dil);_n<:Ya'.rnind j>
,.Ti,..
,h.. c<>nfout>
'm:
crnb "f'he work wi,h il< mea",. a" d. m.ybt moot .larmlnSlr.,ntelligo"..e whh s'upidity. If -"'. maybe ,he",', bee" klm.,hing e ncouraging in ,II< """< muot olMoo. is its fintioo on. ,mall numberof theoretical ,uu,.l1 of ,lM:m in pM, by '990. I'm fond ofobstrving howoboession ism. durable form of ;",di""",aI capitll. More or Ie.. explicitly.• n thr$< ....,.. upkm. R"'" of uciting md ... r... unexha .... td pos.ibiIi
wdI .. frustration - otim:d up by four dillic:ult ,eJ"" J. l . Aus';"·. How to Doo TIll,,&, ,..;,~ \\.ImU. "'" i"tnxluctory mlu"", 0( MklM:l Fouaul. '. HUt""", S<.notliry. JIhli 'h Buller', GnoJ..- T"",hit, and •h. Ii". Ih"", 001 U","" "(SilV>!1 TomkiN" 1I.Jf«r [""'lPJ C"""""""1".,inICO("''''' or un"""I)' . u ..,.... ion. What I ",WI ",ert "'!u.Uy ...; ,
ol. "'
de:nt ("")~ ;t is in ..,"'" places);' plain gutitudc "' ,1M: privilege of being an interlocutor in rorn-nutiuno I've Clperic_d •• '" poIiliaJly. inc.lIe< . 'u.Uy. md imagina,ive/y nuda!. A, ,he sa"", 'ime. one 0( m. cumulative "oriel .ing ....... ofh~. 1In>ng cen.ero(gnvity in a ponicubr IntcllMual field Such enroun •.., '" ,00... "ith monoJify and wi,h Budd!t;'m. "+tieh .... p" two I.., lip-.tidy .~cu, br bener or worot. on m. .. rong consciousnc.. 0( \«>Cation .h..
u..
made: a book lik. F.,.u'""oJWv""'~ Clout oound
,h<,...,.n;. r ... done in """ Ilcl w ith Tc..-lli", !WI(", "",r tilt po .. dc<.dc has ,,,,Iu'I:ral ro;,orial upcrimcn .. in «>Il.boration: • puett}" book; the
c .. ~ndcd. doubk·YOiccd ...(bot" of A o..? ... Loot: I 10< of allCcr jour. ""Ii,m: Ind. in<:n!Hingfy. tI", nonIinguisOt W(lrk of .c.nilc .... At ,he Ume
.i..... int.~. my"'-ruum m..... """'" conoislently """" ,oonUK< aboolutc priYiIcgc o(!he wn,;"g la i'sclf. In her ultb""ed puem "On< AI.; Elizabeth Bi~·. "'pea,ed ",frain 1$"Tl\c art of ""ing i,n't hard to m.ster: In its i".i .. ence on a rurg" ;-..o .... he.ie, if. ,he on. poe m of h e.. I've "evcr litu.d: 1 piau", I, Of] • n:&ig. owor mas"et. uy. urginG diete .. no! to open 'he door. A more oOl1gmi.l ",rsion '" mc wuuld invoke ,he: an 0(1o«orne cillM:r diopct".bk or qun. plxnbk during irs ..'riling.
, ".,OUUflV'TT ,.l
T""'*("&" I'MI,,! is rooted in an i", .... ".;I:"I>I f.scination wi'h ........ tffcns md Implimiun.o .urroundingJ. L Au,,;n', foundational work on perfurm •• ;ve U[ten"..e .. While ,1M: roneep' of pcrform,,;v;,y h., propclkd notably di"'w: be"n most rcn.oi"" to om: line ,h .. extends throUGh Ocrri<Ja '0 ,1M: carly work of Judith Bu tlc:r. aline th .. f""I"'d p.rticularly infi""n,laJ In ,he dc,'tlopmcnt of gender ..udic,md 'lUttu. ud;." throoghoUt ,ht , _. Th. "queer" "",cn'''1 of pcrlOnna,r.i'y II nidcntly ",t.<1!d ' 0 tIM: 'ellUousnea of ilS on,otog;cal ground. sill""ll!d by ,he faa thai il begitu its intelle.. na by ,Iw coinc.oftlM: ,nm. Ausrin irnmduccs pcrform:at;"i,y in "'" Ii..t o f his ,~~ Harvard lea ureo (10'... pub. Iw..d o. How.,~ IN TluW wit~ ~im!o~ only ,0 disown it ..-ound .IM: cigh.h. He ,Iiso..-n.ordismantks "pcrfOrma'Mf)': that is....1>< name uf. dlSllna .nd bounded
"""<Whe,,,
i,,,·
·ct is boIh ' ('47). Thus lhe u,", th., deconstruction h., hod for ·pcrl"orrn • . 1i';ly - beg;", with lhe =ognitkln"c It "" propeny 0< 'speCC'SS of , b .. ifying .. t",,,,,,e. as pcrf<:>nm.liYcJ ""mo. ,oo,.. ath,. ..
Vel. as Shoshana ~Iman poinu OUt Ito Tv !.it.... ?, SpmA Nt, Awtin', "".., pcrlOnnan« in lhe ... lcnum if "nythmg but. simplt one. Qn<, of tt..ir slyc~ia if a "'P" •• e
firs!
as 1"''''. originary. • nd dt:6niing lOr 'he conrcpI : ~.' Ir.. bot
as no _
tkon -a marginallim iti"' ..... • of iI. if indotd either tt.. a-
.mpks or the concqx n n be said 10 -suni\,," the ....Iytic optntion of thc Iccru..,. II aU (AUJlin ':!O): """""helt$J """ncd 10 .,.,.... and ....,. as if no "'l""""n. or .noly... no d«omtruttion oo-dismanlle"""", could "'oily vitiate or..,..., ch2lltnge the .. If,evldence ofthcirenmplary fOn:e-the .. ..,ntenen:an wh., Austin', won. lruulls m It.. mind as pcrfurmarivity toot coun, ..,..., ,,-hi\c ",odeting nominally un .... bk: the CO
'
.ivil)'
ru""unca) is no< to lit...".... my doing(. thing) . . . or to "ate th" I.m doing it: it is to do;t " ()). Enmpl •• lndud. - I promise:"J bequeath . , . : ' 1 lin', I~rm, the illoc-uliOfl) th., th .. uuer.1lCC it .. lf perl"orm.; and (6) 'ho adverb "heT. ' 1 ["".-.by) .. ntoneo " .. ntences • • nd so un .
,,,raJ
Ifthe€Otegory ~xplitil ~Ij", .11 ....""""""'" d . tifying at oil. i. "';U do so by ",.. oping t"" . abk: clt. r of dulMouo co ..... ",.", "" pic"'}' of ... nt<no:'c> whose £OTt. SttOU uoprobl<m .. iaUy pcrl"ONNIM in a da<.:ample; "The court ..ru come 10 """'r" vioIa,es t .nd 1; " y""',,, OUI " vio l...a, and s: 'Present!- viola,es •. >. and 1 . if no< aIso
Uut ,he mu'l o f the n....-.wcd category is no< to introdu« yet .not""r 1e,.. l al whirh to play 'he g.me of .. eking .oroptions .nd "c, • .,;"g ""t
qualifying from "",nqualifylng u"ora"_. I n....d, Uhinbhe.ca'cgory is mo
...
in'pub< . posittng I new dau of ,...,-~i une~ ",hast COI11f1IeJ: effiraty d<prnds on ,"";,-t~ to. .. ...,U as Ihci< difli:",,,,. from. lbt aplicil pcriOrrnatives. E'en 'h" broad 1ew1 of inlernl in 1Iw: fonns of pcri:>rmalh-e bnguagc "1"""'"n<s I depo>nu fl' from . h. deconsnuoh-e/ q"" .. lin"gc towtrich I Tt· "rrt1-implify "",,, ;" f'O'iting that both drcOfUt"'Ction and gcndrr Ih.ory h~ invoked Austinian pcrl"ormativity in Ih . ..... ;.e of an .pI... moIogic.1 pro;e.:' thot ran roughly be id.ntifiood as .mie_nli.lism. AU$llni.n p"rfo,malivity !! . buut h£.wJanguoge COP $ITU«. ouff«<s ",ality "t heft ~ on "",,,,Iy describing ii, This dirrcdy.1_rod.,· oflIngu.gc if ",Ost .. lIh)g.Jor_llllie*n~l'rojem. when the: uUe ranres in qurSlkln art (1""''''0 claimin ~ a . imply.descriJuU:c:..rtl.tion ' 0 tom<: rn: ..nnding .9S1ttUlbly auadi"u .."'" ",.lity. An alogously in the . Ttl of hi"ory. d.... me .ntlCl
Ii", .. pect
fOrm>!i.." by »ying. -8uI lhe only molly inlercscing pan of it It how all langu;og<' It pcrfo. ""In~-; and judi.h 8ulle,as adding. - No. only ,ha,. but i,', ""'"' pcmmni....~ ill pcl'furm:otni,y It lu« e"fllicic - i~nStra,ion$. r>Qr in. d<<
spttch KII ron-ing A""in. Vel in mor»' ron .. mpoury ....ga. ~y in I\"'ndtt and cuhural .rudi<s. it .. ems 10 be l ied prinurily 10. moriv•• ..J primarily by.he notion of.
..rvice of.n ... ' ..... ntialisc epistemological mOCn~. can Sttm ' 0 bt CUI in the: ..... oK im;o&c of,he hypoolatiU1l gr:omm adc-al,uonomie1lh.c h....
CI>erforntllM' '7'-7)). - Pe,fom,.,; ...- 31 ,he pn:sent rnc>rnon 00 'he otho<. Pan.king in
h. raooriz.d. for example. Joh" Searle', or Emlllknvenlsl". positivistic u... of AWlin. '0 say. Ik,rido and Butle, Sttm 10 emerge from a
Tha,"
junrtun: .t ..mm Austin ·..ynlaCllc .... llnOrrtieo. " 'hich .."'''' originaUy both I""'isional and pb)-ful. can pcrsioc only .. n:ducriotly ~lWrtg; the:
_ from ""'" Iongu.1\'" ",.U w'W"'g< ..em. rtqui"'" by .hci..mie ... n,ia/i" pro;t:<:l. Perh'p.."ending '0 ,he .nd drect, of porticula, bits ,,[ language. a.s I try '" do in m.ny "flhe.., CU>J'''' "'quir.. a "ep.o.he $ido of .n'i .... nlialism. a n:1'1~ lighlening of me epistem<>logi
"nm'.,
I h:" ... abo .. U n a dislincl .ocp 10 the >ide of lhe dernrutru
of analy.;ns 'PI"",nlly nonllnguls.ic pI1enomena In rigorously lingois.ic "TlTH, when DUller anall"" • partkui"I:"t'\l.ral style a.s . l"'rformaci.. ulteran«: r Pl:rfl)fm.ti .. ' ~;n.-7J). like much ide ochers Iha. d<>. ra,he,- ,ha,o ",bmh 10 ,h. 'PI"",n' common",,_ tha' ... qui..,. ... ric, .. p.ra""" o.lwe~n 'M tw<> and u.u.lly impli ••• n omologica1 pmikging of' he former. Who, mol' 0. iliffe",m in the presen, work . 00w'
.s
"""e'Y ,,[
"''''', is a disindiru.rion to ........... ,~ priorilie. by subsuming nonotrbal aspects c-
""men. is e n~)'S!I."gj ng, p<: 'mc.ble.• nd rnt i... )y u~£!i1>I. '0 ; ny definili .... . .,lculation. With Wingcru.cin. how ...,. I h... an inclin;uion '"
l
deP"'OIC rho '",gnm~1 of .....ry spttiaIvalur. my"K]uc. or thingnt.. '" mfy"'S tbe hngu"<>c kJnds
~ .U (Ome ",,,,,,,Iy from ..-orIr. on
perform>"« in me defining i'!1l •.n« _,mu'rical, BUll .... c.rly .....,rk a~;cu: I.tel.n inyi,o,i<>n \0. in her words. <"""dc, gond. . . . . .5 . .. • n .ct, .. il we ... , whl.. ri"'" itsoclf can-ir:s m. doublt·mtaning
',he p<""ige of bo '1"'110 ,,,,,,,, "f. at cit"'" "'reme. lbe txI~iDn of the .CIO' (.imed en,lrely outward tow.rd the .udien,o) .nd th. ,..".iDo. .,(Ihe Signifier (if " I a~iu" ooIy apologizes. " I ..",encr' only .. nlenru, .nd ... .,..). Michael f rioed·.oppariIion he, ... n lheanica6,y and
i.,,,,·
""'""rprion Sttms CUOlOl11 ·m:;todt for chis
""r-adoI about -pcrformalmty": in
its d«on"ructi"" <moe p<:rform.ti";ly signals abJorpti<>n: in ,he Ylcinill' 01 Ill. >I. ge. h"""".". tile pc"",m.';," ;. the theatric.1. Bu' in anocher range .,(twgcs ••• eXC such.., Lyotlrd', Thr C<mditWn U$e1 'perfor ma -
"""..,.j..,.
.mcy " I" mean ... eXC ... "", ofsomcthing~ik~-p<>I,modc:m "'P"'. scn,ation a.s. bnn.,( capi,aI;" eflicioonq _ .....hile, agUl. ,he deconoc.-ucm-" ' pnfurmativity- of Paul de MIn 0< J- Hill;' Mille. _ .0 be characle ... iud by 'M di.Unuge pr«iscly "f c.u"" and eff«t hc:,v.-ttn 'hr Jignlfi.r .nd the ......".td. At ,11... m~ lime. I,', worth ke~plng in mind 'hat even in de · 1 ' (>98). """ mlgb' ",·.nt '0 d..-cU noc ... m",h on .he """",ferenee of the p<:rf"nnati...., but rath .. on (what de Man ",II<) its nccnoarily ",berran, ' (,)0. ) "'~tion 10 its ""'n ",f.",nce: Ihe lonion.lh~ rnu,ual p<:n-cnion. as """ mig!lt ~. of ",k,en«: and .... 'r.:.,.. .... liYiry. The lint {VI'" rhap<ers .,rT~",*i", Fnti'\( . ", espe6>ly in,ooI.-..I with 'his un· >ctding .btr.-.ome. fon ta'M Brilish ,hucrr: ,~e second in,l\ .n.)ys,\> "O'Ol1rgcois rna ... sized
.1:to\J,
riogc ond . .... nel slawry 10$
rwo""_ of mobilt dle~'cr _ of,he ,......Iing
p
'n'
NC"~on include> ..." ....... "'_/\ he. >cudy oH..... I. ;mpersonot.,... in the U",,«i Sut"", the IIoor pions of...., drag dubs (7 '.119). The plans
• ... port .,( her field dll. on shows at each ","ue:.• nd one of the Sln:ngths one. 'P"lany pred ••• n.lyslo is a n ..,'" .I."ne.. to 'he multuid,d inter· .cti<>I\o among people ·wide· each Other In • room. Thu., whU •• perI ... vc al~.dy indicoo,cd th .. , 10< all
n. in,c,", in perfonruttrlty, ,Iw: ,hrost
ofTOOidti.o: 1'«/;. is no< '0 Uf"- =idu.11Onns of ~ialism lu"'ing behind >f'I'>~ndy ~w.I;'" forms of aNlysis. N<>, .... been e'"n morediflicull is to grt alittle di"anct from~. in ponicul:arthc boosy fPture of·~for· In imminmtly ~m:a.d crirical or revolutionary pnbly ltoiJ~ Invoking I Dtlcutl.n imeres' in pbna, rel>lions , 'he i=duo>n.I turn from spatw.1 dt:Kriptor> in,o implKit narraoiws 01, mptttivdy, on"n and ,.los. 8triOtkism about OCY' e",1 of the line" logia th>t enforce du.listic 'Mnlting: noncontradiction or ,"" law 01 ,he ududed miws who', .... ~ • bed with oiblings. lltliJ. comprise •• wide rangr of ~
...
SpotialWng
1Ocmc' in one kind 01 room remains oJonc _age and ,ftction with the band leader. dub lOInage-. of the . udimct". and ",her performers both older Ind younger, in . nd 0' " of v. riou, kind. of drag, . mateuro lid prof.$~ 1)'$'..... In eroIogiul field ,,"hose in,tnlivc and ultr n..!>It, on 'he othor h. nd, ,he ecological ."cntion to .po« conarse' i n f.."Or of • ,em 1"'",1 emphasis on genIc simplification .nd ... ificarion_ In faa, 1 think I"" of dimcnJion mIJI explain why many <. rly re,derS, wrongly, intc'l'"'ted Bu,ler'. di"' ...."'" as p"'",ribing • • im· plistic volun .. rit}'_Ahhough temporal and 'P,ti,1 thinking arc ~. ~.Ily al'erna,;'" to e ..h OI""r, I'vc consi>,ent/y ,ried in T.,..o,i", f'ffli", '0 push bKk ag.l .... an ocrup;otion.al ICndcnq 10 undc"" .. nd '0 ,"" rich dimmsioo of <pace.
"'.m......
i,.
,hi,
The jnkes tha, Aid in peopk', minds I~ the on .. ,hey don't quite get. Toll<1U", f'ffli..g displays. 1 think. _thing like ,hot relation to Fouauk's
oJ'St.......
Hurory lit)', \'.10 .... t, Foucaul' '. "0 to make Its prom'" unfulAlbblc. To mt, ,he .lmost
0(11", "nrg.,;.., ",..,ion" bnWftn powe. and IU. 0( ",he imioten« of the ruIt: of ",he cyd< 0( prohibition'- of -the logic of ""~" and of -the uniformityo( tM 'PI"r~tul" 0{ k'>nity .nd prohibition: "Whether 01>< ••• it '" ,he f""m "f, ho prine. who formu I.teo righu. of 'he he. who forb;dJ. uf ,he censor who e"fort .. ,ilene•. oro( ,h. m ..... .".ho SI"e' .he law. in my ax 01>< Khe .... tiuo powe. in. juridical fOrm. and ont deru... ill .ffecuao ~- (8. - .,). Foucaul •• on .he Othtt hand.. .hough he is far &om ewming -dla. sa Iw flO( bct:n prnhibit~ or lurred or mukcd or mis>Pf'",heNlcd ,~ 'he d . " ical .ge - (,,). is mon: "ruck by the: prolifera,ion of nt<>c1 of ... u.lily .h.n by th.i. suppttsslon . Or. mo", irl1e", .. ingly. he p"re~ .1\;1. ,he", may ",.Uy be no "rup'u"," b«wttn "rtptt>Siootcly ofill own oiIenc •. (.<><11ukcs g"'" paiN to ",I..e in de ..il ,,,..hing< it doo:s n01 Ay· (8). he {«"he mod. e rn p"riod "' <1 to do so """" and mor-.: ,de<ennin.ation on ,he pan 0{ a~ncie< 0( J"l""'<1' 10 ..... it spol<:n about. and to ca ..... it to spcak d"wgh •• plicit anicul.,ion and ~ oocumulo<e" hypot:hesis. I knew ,,-hat r .... nt~ from it: son .. wOY' ofunire ,hat mighl be ~ui.e 10 the 'ide of pK>n in .U iu e h....... onir guil4 If the critielf inxp.!.-.bt. f""" "'prnsion. ,hen surely to think wi.h ony cfficuy has .u k .0 'hink In $<;>me distinctly diA'ere", w'Y, I'oucauit ·, .u«hingly critical . ".Ir';' of ,he p""'istencc of the "'p"",.
f.,
'nbu,,,,
,,'ha,
n.,
_ hcsis through iO "",n1. ~y r.odiral.nd dio
e<>\I.......
t""~,...,""
_,
L'_Lo
L _
inrd
'
'
, . indo,,"I" p • 1'""'" ..,nl). . ~f hi ... udr. And '0 •
""",,·atiOll ., .nem,' """.rv Ihat pro]e" further. But the .numph.ny
,
,his ,',," un'"
.
•
-,
. _ _L- t(),.;,,1 forre of VoI~"" , ab<> ouggesu ,h.. I'ou<:'aul, ro,,,,inc~
,,>< ""r "" Iwconv;ncw monyrtaden - w •• _cc.... . reprcs
;sm;ooc
Iv . .
hiJ'nSC1 ,
Iu........, . " ..
;">I.ncr:
"
0(
, R• ,'''', Ihan workingoutsid< of i, ' hoY."""'. Voi."" '. 10k.. mu, , of fuOC', ul,', .,.ber ",ork. might bener be
hyp,>!h.,.i$. Rec.n, ,h~OTi $" ... nt '0 fod ' Ul't 'hey unde,....nd h,. volume ....""ing on< of.he following: I.
E'..... beyond !Itt reprasiYc hyporh............ \'tr>ionof prohibilion is IIIU.he ....... iInp<><1.n, ,hlng.o w'd....u<>/kirxls of PC""""
beh"'iors" ~ bj«tivi'ie! . 1. 10"", beyond tilt "prn$i," hyp<>ehesis. ~ version of prohibition iI ,.ilI ,he: m"" imponaru ,lUng '0 undenund. 8u. it opcra ... .hrough ",,,,,,,,'ft«' and .~.ly volun,.ry mcthonisms. rathrT
l
Ih.n th.ough ..... nal. opc:n
through. singuLar ~ i""""",d from abo>~. , _ . • . E....... btyond ,he repm.sIve h)l"'thcsis. """" ",rsion ofprohibttlon IS ..!II the""'" imporun' 'hing to unde",~nd. Bu, i. OPC:"t~1 through •• lnst •. ,,,.l ~ihition (loltlJU'S" iuelf. ~. o. ,h. Nome of ,t.. F"he. ) .... t.., ,l\;In through local. uplicit ones. ._ E'..... beyond .Ilt .-rpres>iw hj'p"'hesis. ........ ..,.;on or pruhibilion
".nsmod.
open'"
Is "ill ,he ""'" import"" thing .o undt ..,...d. Bu. it I')' d;" gulsln~ iuelf .. "",." (i.... .......ncr:), N>tu", and .... n'!.I •..., ""'. .nd h."•• Iwo)', k.n. ,to< defining 'u"'" of "'p",ssion/pr(Jhibi'ion_
,.,......m..o "
t"'"'
It snms dear ,''', . ......-no of thought th .. would no! be mIKtu .. d by tM que"ion of prol1ibiti<>n in the ~NI plxe. /I ....hen. why ,,"OlIld .nyone hope .0 do..,' Ci"", the pbin
.-.ality of prohibition. ",hic:h Fourault admits, :as • "' .... re of ~ hu"..n diKoune. 1<1 .Ion< ,hose: of SUII.li!)'. it oeems os though interest in ,;de .
d<~ned "'"
tqnnsive hypott...is in .h. ~ ... , pbc<:). I, '. ,he ... me Wlhclpful ,,["\IelU'" ,h;r., used to undergird h....-..;cal .rgo.tmenu d>ouo ...iletlo< •• gl .... n period w.. one o f "continui,y" or "chang<'." I ...,OIh.r problem wi.h ~ifying ,I>< .. at ... quo is wh .. I, does lO.ht middle rang'" of'gene)". Qm:. n:1a· rion .0 ...... ' IJ mb b«oming reacti .... and bifumo.cd. u... of. comumcr: one·s choice> n.arrow ,0 '«
.ha, off., >1"" for
"epping th' "'pre.. i.... hYp<>Ih ..i, could "Pring only from nal veto . wheth" wmfu l or si""..,..,: from. tenni.... 1re lll(1a""" to fae. rtahty. 8u. in rnponding llO strongly to Fo\ICIult·. implki. po-omi><". J ..... . anu· ally not moYert«ioon or pt"Ohil>;.
,"()lul1t.ri'y. Ye' it i, only tM middle •• ngel of agency
tion . My discwe i. noI. oi'hc: •. th .. they.re tOO p" ..imulic or insuffICiently utopian . INlCad. im"",sxd by Fou· ... uk·. IkmonCO< • cogni' i" oiIng<'r in ,hew i"'.rp""a'ioru: • moralisti< tautOlogy th.t boocame incre.,ingly ino:ap.bk o f reCognizing itsclf O! such.
-r.. r\J ~ ~
A gu<>
O. ben ••• han "toutology: dnwn From "'" SUtK Ianguagt 0I1ogi<. might be • descrip
q>id<mtc .... thou&h in many arc.. tbc momcn' rNy be 1'"" when theory
.,....ms
du.ivi.y. fonn on Insoluble loop of politi'" r..,dback. It:'., if A and /I 'Te in bed
'OS" "''' under. du.tl·ron'rol elrctric bLmk... bu. with the
..:
in~nitum.
Ch. p'c,. ofT"""i"J Fmill,f .nalpn such conccpcu.1 fc«l>xk ioops~lf·n:inromng. in Sil .... n Tomkins. tc.ms. as "f'P"Kd ..... If·fulfillingin gn:ate. deuil. Bneny. in ,he rase of Foucault·. volume and iu clf«>. •. I would ""1 .h.. his .~ .Iy.;. of thc pscudodichotomy be",·.. n n:p .... ion and Iibe"'Iion h.. led. in m any cue,. 10 i.. C01"Irrf"'ual n:imposi.ion in t~ ... n more abstractly ",ilied form oI .bc begtmonic.nd.be sub'iC";'...
dli:.......l cre.tMty and ch"'S'"
AND
A,nCT
seemed. with tho .. megic ban.l izol'on of g.y .nd icsbi.n poli.i" al _U :as thei. """,,ute disn-ow.! of rela,ion to ,1M! historical and rontinuing ~[ o. " ... in • ''''Y p«>me.·, intense r.",1 intereS' as hi< poi'" (If departure for . ",.
.ha,
m.rk.bly product' .... diSCu,"ion of.M "'hole ;,.sue of'UIU"'. I·' . dew:1ops the obscr .... ,iooo u.. •• o p"rtt ..... "••'ure is al ..... ys. immcdi:...,ly. • nd de r.ctO to be im_,""" in • Mid of oai'IC .... mo,;,,, hll""hcti.oing. '<Sling. and re· lIB
To pcrr~l"" tell .. '" i. " ..... ,onl1'o . sk Or know What is i, Ii",,? no• • "" n JuS! ~Io... doc. iI impinge on ""I T• .,ur.l ptrttp
se.,h..
The snming .. hkaI wgcncyof such terms rrwb their gr.uIual ....cuarion
""... Ions os ",eD: How did it wa1? nd Who, could I do .. i,h it' These a", che l ind of inlrinsic>lly inte,....;,,, propenic< ,hal Jamn J.Gib
of $Ubsnk " Into .nother n. me for the I-I"U' quo ( i.... ''''''Y.hing t h.. IJ) and dc~"., ".ubve~ " in. inc",. sinJ!iy. , pu",ly neg.,;"" ",]a,ion tu . ... , (.n c. "e ..... of . he: ........ """I";''' rela' ion" u..1 n.J. in Fouc.ull ·••.-gomen••
"lied ". ffonl.na:." in h i, '<>66 book. 710. Sno><-. C.... I0',.,.,-d n.<•• nd. like ·IOm. I...·• ",-ort. 011 .ff('C, . ,hi, .pp.....,h tf} p"r.,.ptl<~' "w.. • gn,., <1..1 '0 ,10< posowu momcn, 01 cyban<,'" and .,.... ,hcoty. Ai II-on', cso.ay """"... J ,,","n', pcn:riw"d. ,m ..", .. "'~ r", ...........
ms
nrou.l), h}'i'<J(he.iud whether .he obj«f rm !,(I'(civing was rim
SinULuty. '" p<1'C<'i.... <xlu"" is W ~ or h)l><Jlh.esiu whe.her, .hmg "iU be e;uy or lurd. Ak ...- dangerous •., grasp. ,., !I;>(k. w (lid . •., .tuM. '0 dlmb.,... w ...... ch. '0 did • .• o ooaIt. E..." ~ itnmoNiia.tly than oll... ~rupt ...1UiYil)' ; '0 'ouch is ."'..,., .I ... ady '0 I'(;>(h OU', ' 0 fo<>dIe. '0 heft. '0 "p. or II, .nfOld. and "","y' .100 10 undtt. mnd Olhe SO bef~ """.. If. if only in .he making of ,he ' ..,ured object, Walter !l< nj> mi n ch'ncteri""d """ "... y of"ploiting''''' ... , .. " ible prop_ • .,Ies of ,e.,ural objre" a nd .ubj...,.. when h. wrote, "E ... n if a bourgeoi, is un.t>I. to give his e• .,hly being f'
,.kes
objecu. For sI'ppe ... and pockt, wald..... ,he'momelo" and "" cuI"- CUIieI")' and umb....Lu it lries .o get..,..., ... and CIS<$. I. PI'(r..f'J ...1"" and plush CQWf'J "hidt .-sc"'" 1M i~ orev<:I")' touch. For d", . . . It)'" o f ,he end 01.1>< I«ond~. a dwtlling beco",u. kind 01 casing" (..s). 'This otyle Yi.,.... /Ihe .t.... llingJas I kind of~", k>ra ~""" him in II '08<11><, with all his app""enan
."".mbeds
prest""'" is omphas;"ed. They acc rernr:wed from .h. prof. "" ey... nf nonOW""t'$, .nd in p.>rticul>r .hoir ou.lin... cc blur ... d in I ch" .ct.Tistk """y. It i.< no! "'''ngo ,~ ..... si"ancc torontrol .. oomc.hing 'hat berom.. second
"a,,,,,, '0 asucW pct"SOns. return. in ,he propertied bourgeoisie" (016-'7). GoIng from Viclooan plush '0 post'modcrn sIli"". Bora _.s -.mootho.... is t.xh • 'ype of ta,,,~ and '''''ucc·. e in,o being. A brick or a m",.I_ i'<J( that ..ill bea" tho ""n .nd u~n lh«n of its making ,,-oukl .... mpUfy ''''''tUr< in 'his ..""'_ 11,,1 ''''cc .. ill>O ,/>t 'ex'ur< - W>C • 'his ,in,o de~.n'ly 0.- .... n invisibly blodu or muon """h information: t ...... Is 'C
,ha,
,a:rur-.=
.bou,
won.
,Iu.
""rf...,. '...
,I>< poI. rit} bc'wttn sulm.nce.nd ucc 'hat ,ignifKs./>t willed r r.su'" 01 iu history. One ro.-...quencc of 80n·$ ' ... .,men' oI,he COOCq><: """....... high ,t... gloss. ,I><", is no pe-ed
or
liglll . alonfl 1M displace""'ntI of ,he manuf.ctuccd or....,m;ghligh'ed ourf..,... lIut the ",,"rive·perform.,i ... density of ,he ....... kind of'. UNCCit. indf...,<.bI. historicity-al", herom .. """'.ptiblt 10 . kind of rf llle I."er migh' oreUr ,,·h ..... he question .. """ o f b<.>lkism, of ,he p.> Ipable .nd highly acquirable .... u.. 1...
oign "}r5.
!!.of.,
,wy.J,., emph • • ius th., although ,.~tu ... f«m.'o h.... some kind of d.~niliorul grounding with ... r.r'Ot\C<: to .he sen.. 01 ,ouch. "..u'" 1t..1f is not rotnensi\.....im any single 1m!I:. but rather ,.nd< to be liminally rq;ist.",d "on the: bordaoll""'f'C""" or.ouch Ind vision' (ro.>Indttd. oil... ~ bq
or
or
or
If ,... ucc inYoI .... more than one ......... it is ill>O true 'hac the dilf....", hislocits. of iliffo",n, porcoptu. 1 ' y•• enu .... li,ble '0 'orque..,d 'I'l1y.he hiltory of .... u... as ...... n. propt"rtitt. .nd ..
The ,.,,'" of phy,;c.1 ,ouch il>k. ,he con.ou ... of,),., b", . .. m<>cc ..I;"nt ' 0 ,hei. finS" .... lIu. 'his mini· m.l..,nsory ~nhancc=n' is me ... lyaddilioecomp.>red '" ,ho lit.... U)·upo. ... n".l . n... ne. .... nl> of ...... aI srimulus "ne. I.... u..."n"""k and Nc...-ton_ T1w .......,or of MiJJInn.:trrlt, on. 01 ,h. ddinit .... ....,..,10 of .,..,...... can in a ........ t"", stn"'nc. " from ,.Iesrop<- '0 microscopt: (EliOIL 'J). Once JUth ~ ranges beeomt ~ ,he au.hority lin· ge ... " .iI.l tteV"t1" be ,I>< wne-.ho ..gh ,hOr "'1")' ............ ,n amplification .... y mean, ha, they rtpn:-stn, on. kinc! of p""'.pt".1 gold It. nlbrd. rndttd.
or ,...
the iner.a""giy dmorgen. physial ..... l.. (and lilt hl!;hly diffc",n,i.1 r"es of ,lIcir ~ ,he ",l.,~", betwe.n .ouch and vision in
,,,," mcdrrn I"'riod ...ouh in "ndotm>nding> cl """UIT
,hot, mah ;, a< "I"
'0 ~..,...nt crix< and fuou .... cl muning '" rn<1onymic con,inui,ies. Thus, ,,,," nttd 10 di..,.... ,..'u ... acf'CIM ..,nse. brings wi'~ d '0 ,hink '.x,,, ... • cr.,., diff.... n, £11 ... Technologic' of ,,_I, {or 'x.
i,. "••
.bou,
'mple, as ,...,11 as cl vlPon ~iu tha" .Ithough 'u,= .... ~'Y'hing
...
<>'.
.,..
hopP1/ unhappy (for ,be perfum... rivt) a", .Iw.y. in danger of wiping OUt .r.ong ,,,," confOunding His "f ",... /dry. According to Austin. for.U ,he dry
'0 do with ocaI<. ,,,,",,, is no on< pbysinl oaIe ,ha, in'rimicolly is Iht Kalt! or
J><': s ... ny"likc hilari')' of his ..,le. with his pro;..co "'" .'" ~.bIe '0 find
'UIU .... A. YOU'pla~cin:les""' .. n airpon. , ..." ... is
oul1tl", ' "bog! ging). by logical .I'ge'. do...,," ('1), Of 10 ~."" "two kql in ""r han ds. 4";, of Cou .... , ,im"I1.,..,,,,,,,y 'WO new . k i
wh.,a wl><* """ of
'''.s COn provide. 8u' wh.n lOu·'" chopping wood .• • ingle liN nuy COn . .,i,u,. >hal'" or """""IT within your Yisuai 6cld. wh .... as tca'ure pc,uins 10 'he ~I of Iht ( ......g~ fibers of the wood in ITbtion '0 ,he slttk bite cl ,he He.
Funhe,.".,..,. whot~, ,he scal., on< bo.lmp Of> • ,urf,ce. or ~n th,.. •. wan', cons,i'",e tca,,, ... A "'pu,ed pallern Iik poIh dots migh'. but it dotptnd. on how big ,hey .... or- how d"se you • .." from KroM ,he room you migh' I t t them ... Aat lhect cl g.. y: aI a ~w ..... the IJ'\ICIu .... Ina eh.lI
,ha,
ronununi,arion .. hics. productive Xllh"'ods
from lanochapt '" .",himaII"ItI>tM ou, of " ~king.""'" ,Ilt "",..,rings "four bodie. lltau,ifulliU our bodin .... - ju", as • dr.r·. ot In " "." .kin h• • been made be.",iful
"".i,
from .he first " (16,). 1,10'00 "'"Onn ""'ing how un""poctedly Iht dcfini,;"" ofptrfurmo. om., it>
I
. prlid '" his tuOrIOmic """'"' on ,he p
,..,w
foOl" (:as). "To !t:el ,he firm ground of P"'judicc >lipping ....ay is Itlhil.....,· ing." "'" ,,·rit.... "but brings it> """"'SCI' (6.);"1 WJI only: he promises 11,.... "g~ you . .... n .round. or- .. ther . IIound!in , , .. onomi. work wi,h particular sen"n<1uhop of iu C",,", Ion, cri<s-""""'! with sIod full of dichot:omiot on: "in noced. li~
nuru.
,ha,
OIl m"'l' d ichotomies. cl.!imlna,lon" (,.~); it; "ptue"'. ,he .,.;,01. perhaps pain{u I. not·yet· diff.n:n,iat. d quick from whieh ,hep" tiOrmati"" • merg ... In w'Y' like thue, ,u,ure seems like • pcomi:ling t.,.cI of a" entlon for shifiing ,he emphasis of some inte~ """"'... 'Mons _-ay from lhe I"I:«n, liution on cpiIIemoiogy (...t.id> ougg<$IS ,ha, I"'rfo...... ,MtJ/ p"rformonct: can show ". whetheror not lhere area.sc ... ial mulls and !>OW w. could, 0, why".., can', . mow ,I,.,m) by ",king new qu ••';onsabou, phe. ~nology and .ffect (",hat motiva'" pcrforma'jvity and ptrNrmonc •. lOr rumple. and wha< lndividu.1 and roIkcti ... diMS an' rnobiIiznI in ,be;,. e.ccution'). n.. tille r"" chosen for ,hese essay .. TD""'i"!: rrdi~ .. cords the in,uilion t hat a p;onlrular inlim.cy sec"", '" .ub.... betw... n ""urn .nd But ,he same d""bI. meaning. ,.coile plu. omot;"n.l. is .1· re.~y ,he", in ,be single word ",ouching; equally il'. int.rnaI '" 1M word """ling." I am.1oo tII(OU . . ged in ,his o«ociation by the dubious "piohtt "'oumy.fttly," wlth il$ implication thaI ~n '0 ,.Ik .bou, . ffect vinually
""""ion•.
. mounts 10 C,, '.rKOU$ <"n,act. If 'ny,lIing . the aosoci,uion be~en ,ouch and .ff.", may be tOO obvi·
ous: iu Common ....... ....,ms '0 offer ' 00 "'Y "'ppon ' 0 modern ..... mp'ions obou' 1M tlUOI!ity. libido. dcoir.- - is ,he ultima,e """",c. and hmcc in Fouc.ul, ·. word is ottn '0 em·
,ha,
body,he -,ruth: ol hum ... ..-iva'ion.. iden,i,y, and ~..-ion , In mY_T1 lim book on ...:ru>lio:y, fOI' u .. mplo, I d",w on ,his mOomu ... impon..... ",I;n;oruh ip· (Sedgwick. lktwmt M.-. J). no. ~ view don "'" odudt o"""ions. hu' ;u the qU01'lion JUggcsts. il view> emotion primarily IS' , .. hicle Dr m . nif."._ , i"" o f.n underlying lil>idin. l dri"". E.cItement, u!,"', ",.. n indiffc",nco .'" ..en as more or less equl ... ic", tramform.tioou of-desl",; The n.. u", or qu.lity o f,he.ffi:rt iudf, 5ttmingly. is "'" of much....,..,~. tlun
thpeed .""""'" 10. cItIdo;II,f FttII'\!l in ><>me ""01'0 off., .Itom"ivel '0 'h," h.:tbit .... llUl:w>rdtnation of .ffi:rt to dm-., Ch.:t.pltr l o:IiscusRs _ ""rly SI.ges of Adom Frank 'und my Oncounl<1" wi,h the wriling ofSilv.... Tom· k i.... ,he JII)",hoIogi< diffc",n(, bet ..... n 'he dri", sY$1.m ... d t he .ffoet system iJ not th .. on< is m"", in ,he body 'han the other: he understand:! both to be- thoroughly embodie-d, .. ",en as ....,.., or less irKtnSiwly int..,-. ~ with togn;';'.. pn><nse:<. The difli,rmU instead is b<1 ....ttn rnon: lexi,y or deg"''' o f f .. edom.' Thu$. for
,ric.
""".d
5)""''''
But .0 tiI< ( ~mited) okgrtt ,ha, It. uali, Yis • dm-.. ~ ......,. the immcd;. ...... ,he defining one .... t;.,.. t ___ nli op«ified .Im and.nd ' d'ffereTl t from tl .. lf, th., fin.11y di ..;nguUhe. the dn..:. from the .ffen>. , Short <:ompl«c .umnw)' of Tomkins. ,he.. dlmen,ion, m.y ".nd
... ,.......
,otI;.,
oil).
"f.
for ,I>< Jigni/i.c-.. nt diff .nd dri ...... hffe'" fittdom th.in dri"..,. ...i th n:spe,reci.>lIy. """'....., .ff""ts h.... gn:otcr freedom wl,h n:spe<1'o objee,. for unhUe the dm-u. -any .!fro may ,..". any 'objw: This is the ~ KlUfCO of C<Jn'(,luityofhuman mociVll,ioon and be-h.:tvioc" (7). 111<: objeed by joy. Thl> f!'Cedon, of affects . 1"" gl".,. ,h.m a IIrucm ...1 pot.nti.l nOl .n· joy.d by the clri,...ptem: in
"""'*
.h.
."" ""'",., art iJ"'tic:.1 ;~ tilt rAM of P"';';'" aff«'''' whOT >rt;vo"s1""itlvt .ffects '. .. \sA •• · .. (58: emph ..11 add.d). In Tomkin,', ... e nded thought ••.
peri"'ent
.boo, how
<0
en:>le • genuinely hum;on .... omoton,
(the mochincl...-oukl TT<Juu.. on aff
"fa ip<'rific prog<>m' The .. n..... to< buill intO sud> • madtinc • number of .. sport .... which h""" .. If·n:warolng and .. If.pun;shing ch'TIC1''''tic>. Th;, n",., IS ,,, .. th.", ...1" ....... re ;nl><"""I)" a<
><<Uy .... h.. i.c ch>rKkrisl;o ul, hoe alroni.., ",. 'f"""C"-~nd In ""'" ........ no (un,,"," reducibk. J............"."""'" of ~couJd "'" be (unhoor duc. ibcdtoa e~ 'f"o'Ii';" of ucir .......... jay. fu,. sad....., oIu ...... ODd aft&"" co""", be fur."","duc[_if"",, is mitsii>g,ho: -=>I)'.Irtno..nd ~or'pp"rat.... This is "'" to .. y ,ho: physic..! prop:rti<s of lb. ltimuli .nd ,ho: ....,.".
,h.,
be fun"'" .... ly •• d. Th, .",Iy'" is witno...tlimlt , I, is ,.ther ,h. p""lKImc-nologlcol qu.li,y whi
or punhhing rh.rormutiOtt . , likt ,his,. ODd '0 feo' ODd olume ODd di1buo . \>.'No ....... ,his is. I don', Cii'" m.- II.· W. CiintlOl dos... ibis quali.,. in ....... of,II< beluvior.1 <>noes 10 iI. sifICf: ~ "llor &o'P ""'-nIt""-
1rnmNU,.
if II is .o function lib. human motivo.tion.oI ~ .., (": tmpho ... oddtd) It m.ko, «:n"'. then, IhOl TomkitU con.id,rs "', u.1 i.y . , he drivt in ",hkh lhe .ff«.ivc componcn, pl'YII"" b rge .. role· ' 001 only .. it "the I.", im_ periou. of all .he driw:J: bul it .. the only one · in which ac' iv•• ion of the tIrivt....,n withool c",,"umma,ion 11M a ttwaiiling rolhe. ,h.n a puniohing quality. It is much ~ aciring and ""'",rding: he undel$Ut ... "10 (ttl It~~ , roused lh"" 10 ful hungry or tlur>ty " (110). E~ .hough Sttu.l dcsin: is uswoBy orientN ''''''''.... n aim and object OIM ' ,h an ilodf. it is much more maU..bIe in i... im , and objects th.an '''' .he OIher driyC$. and also. like po.lm-e . 11'...., has ,"" polenli.1 of beiog , u,"'elk. Th< moot irnpoM.ot co",m~o,kal . "umption drive• •h,t Tomk im ,I",,,,... 0 be f,l", is 1ha•. be< holds. Is. l h••• he d rive .youm is the prinury mo ....."" of h uman behavior. 10 .. hid> oM ,fI«ts .'" ~abJy oetond.lry. Tomkin!; shows oM opposiI~ .0 be ,ru~: .lut moo;v.,ion ilStlf, '""'" .h~ moriv.,ion .0 oa,is(y biological d ri ...... is tho: business uf.he .lfttt .y.. cm:
fl,.
,bou,
,ba,
I . Im"" f.11 <>oJ. of n,y ,boi, in .... <pri .. . oJ •• " t<m,ml when! . uddrnly "". liKd .hat ,h. p. ni< of one: who .'l"'ri
p<'" ( hc:-nu,,", g,ad .... ..,.. uf"'YIP', ...Tn ",hm f.~I.I""""""" no pon;c: b«'_tltc.-e "notVr m.-,hc.lI«tofsurpris<~ ... I. ...... """" O!q> ,0"" [Iu. e»:rtemm. h.ocl """'inc pet .. ", do "i,h JUU.lily OT with hun· /1" anJ .n.[ th. apfIO""" " 'I""e<'eWry amplifiers. f ",ud', ;(\ sudJ<'nI)' ' pp"atm 10 be • P¥" tiger .j.......",oIi11.•, he be" koew. ..., , .... rna" finicky of dofuoo. ... ily ",nckred impotc-n1 by .n."", oraru~y or bo~m or"'I;'" ("Qu.,,- JOI'l
.....
In ohon .•he drive 'y" <m c-. nt'IOI be l"'¥t1y unckrscood as , prim.,), .. tuc · .u" in ,,·hieh .he .ffi:
(Dual dun .ny drive coukl be or mud> """" monnpoIistic.... Most of til< ..... """tristia which F",u4 attributed '0 the Unconscious .nd ." the k1 .." in focr .. liem .. peets oh .....ffect ,)... e", .. ,. AIf.... etW* booh InuliabHily . nd e n ",,,,,, I.bili.y. licklon .... nd finidti ...... " (,.). If, •• ", .. and aff.c •. touching . nd f.ding "'em'o belong .0S.,h... 'hen, II i> 001 beca .. se ,hey sh.", • p, nk .. l.. dIogica. To dDcri~ ,Isem prim.rily in ........ uf...uc,u", it :oh...y. • qual;...tM rru....prc.. ...... ion. A, .. nding '0 ps)'Choiogy ODd nulCrioliry at .he Inotl of,fICo and .eno~ if .lIo.o n\I~. ' conceptual ... alm ,h.. is no< .... I"d bj' lock nor by rommons<nsical dua~.;" of 1Utr; in To.cl.inZ F<'tling ",.. n '0 ,ra.. ..." .. ,,1 narrative, whe>«: m .. nins i> not ovids;[y" .. j',.. meo.ionod. s«ms'O .... ,.... , wher... ,h..."", of pedlgogy d<rpmt. AlI.~ ....", an:: ''C1'1 inmlvecl w;,h alfect. bu. ,.... particular .ffect . .... me. ,..hose f..arurion loti m"l10 /'at in,o 'he """" ol, ffi:.;t rJw:.ory le, go~:j hold on me .11<",. Byt ...... ndof.hr book. ,II< pooi';"" afI«ts (intclQl ·u(i•• mco. and. ~Iy. e njo)'Jn~ '" ,jay. in Thm· kino', oehema) "'" much more im'Olving, Thot ,he ... an:: not only ,he h'm' bo, .1.., ,II< .u lUlebc .ffca... ~m. """"""' ,..i.h .his ,ulu"..·, pb""menl of Buddhi,m . If ,u,h n.,,..i,'c. 1'.n be b roided ,osether. ,..h •• ' Pl"ars will h.nll y be mon: 1i~ar th. n til< ""'.... 01 I .ried ,,, contp"" In ... OioIlo>~, "" I",,~. whe,e lhe lheUpit", n"te ....... the end in"'"
tha,,,.
CO"".."..",
".t.: ,,..,
SILK ..0 . . -
'~'lil"-" •• UIC IIiTO M .. n
"" .... TH ' >ATlI< OI S ",~e "'OOLl~C. " .. ... .. " ,, ~ ~ C. , ,,~ .
I
.U.,C
lOIN .. "..-en
",,,.1'
01< IT
I ....
f
"0"
oof'h_ fOT"'" C'I"~ 'hough one of,Mm ..... m.d< by ,h." ",her. Th~ a~.CI
I C" 'C<>HOOO ....."UT "UO'" - ....0 ," " "
.",-0
,ju' ..,uralu
SAT 'O ... TH ISC AloU T 11001
UIS WAS . 0 . TOUCH; . ' " AUO A-o'"
u~.
oj .... the
I.. V"'C 'H O
. . n"'H,
rd. ",d mUKIlI.N"" and bov.-d M.d ,uggeSl .. <:tntt~ could ... ggcst: dthtr '~' Jht is conooliDg or herself ....1u consol>tion from !he "",lpru"', wIIk ll IS
. "" CO TOCIIT'''' _ Til , WAH . ~"O"UCTJ, , . " ,."U O . . .
1M p""'u" mrs,.now.. ..... Ie .., mul"plo, In qu.lny. be ~ ,Cfdtm... wi,1I '" hich Scoo, embt-ac"" .... sculplurt, he,
c, >" " 'CI'..-C' . "OT O"U"O"'. I .. "H ISC
,""U"""roCUlo. (>D6)
_, _.~ " ... ., ~ .. _ ~ ..... "hor"".., fecI; th. e>nlw tow",~ u.. "' ," 0 .ue ....... upn& ., 0 Io<»r.join,td bread,h of """ embncc QTI oIso he r..d ~j • sign ofMr Down J)....Jromo. \.. . II.. ;''''''y 'OP .nd bonom pain" of <.... rounded. >hopt .", only ,he mosl visible of lhe . uS8Cs'ions that Ihis oobctly ",,,,,d bl lKk and white pIlocograph it a, ,he ...... ,imt ablau ",ilh 'riu",ph, J;llisf..:tIon. and ~ igh.ly
JU O .... H 'COTTo TInIeR AITU'
,
The "",,"OS ... ph on ,he fronrUpic« ofT"""';~gFtdiw& w.u tilt m.aIYll lhot fmpell. d m. to . ... ml>l. the bo<>k in;IS ~u:n' form. It i. one ofmany ,..ken by lhe California J>h<>coinph .. leun A. ~in ofJudilh Scon (b. ' 9<1)) ";,h her ..m . Th~ oculplU'" ;n lhiJ pktu ... " fairly "hancWisli< o(Scott', work In i"
ronslTUCtlon: a con: .... mbltd from lali" . h<1.e. <>gt.ltous ma'ni.>1$ Ius bftf1 hidden under ma"Y .',nppt'd or domed bycn; of muhirolo.--.d pm. cord. ribbon , rapt, and OIhe, filK" producing. dur.blc thltt-rumensional &h.tpc. usuolly oriented .long a single nlJ of length. ".. hose cu"", • • nd pUnes .... ~1c.alIy """"..., and ,,'hou: tcaIe b.... Ulrrlplrison '0 S, in Mr an include her in'''n'~ ,uhniques fonecuring lhe giant boundl~•. MrlUbt!c building:and modublion of eomplu lhrtt·di .... miun.lIlines.nd curves. ond h<: SlJbjr<'< or thi> pholograph also induM. hc, rclarion 10 he, cornpkttd work. ond ~.ump!i""Iy"1so the "'.",cr's ",Lo,ion '0 t!'Highl of d)'~. For~. tOUpeI ic;"u a SlJbjNt.objecI dist>n« from thit inugc ;" no """"' pI'Ui;bl~ ltun 'u envision .ud. a ,..!'tion bc.wttn ScOl' .nd Mr W(rl;, She .nd her he.-., pr1!kn•• hemu:l..,. II> o n• • notM, "'ilh equ;ally n .
=
SIJ"''''.
,ha,
,,..,,ion
~ wc~. Through thtlr ,Jou:ne.s. the ....... u sigh' it ""''' ... dis. ""''''' in f".... ofthot oft<>uch. Nul only the .n... ·• handt.nd 1>;,,,, bu. he' f...,., .'" bu.)' with th o """.«ioo of textun.: . Po",,,,, and b.bi",. lwiru (ScOU is • •,..in). or migh,
r-....".
Jc-,,,,..
",Iic:f_
I~.bly. both before .nd . in« he. re<m' recognition within lite
fro
me·
W""' of ·uutsldc:r ~rt . $0;011 Ius bt~n rcpu.edly d;,"grIDS""'d until middk: ago. . led 'o~ .. ,..,me u.ggention. of'M ~y of he. ",,,.rd.tion; d~" -i""du~.l:>I "" in ,hildhood. sit. ms w.",bo= d in. CrushIngly n~gh~n. Ohio asylum JySlcm for """r thiny./i"" run (MacG..-egor 49-}1: Snuth). E'o'rn alk. she- ..... tg<'d .. OIl .... '" '"; ,h tht 'lIf'I"'" of CIlifornia·. Cr..tM Crov.~h Art CCTlto'. M' mo.tcncuu ... gingond •• cited ~ach ••. the fiber .n· i>< 5yl"';~ Sc,,,nty. ine.plicably dodded that she "'.. ",lOT blind (MocG"'gor 69) m.:! unobieto decide bhOlWIfwhen. p;t« was Iirt~ (7'). Aod John M;ocG",gor, ,he psychoan.lytic of An lIru. who ..,. OS been Iter JlrDng' .., proponc nl . iJ non"hel." cornpuis;"" in applying ,,0 her ,he l.n.S "age of empha,i< negation: 'Th~ iJ "'" the slighlUl possil:>ili" \ha, Judj,h m-l,"OJ)'-Jndithwas vUiom ,be ",-...rual olllcome. , he IinallOrm. of hcr _ ~ . . r " r art " (n )' "Judith i. rtrt. inly nOl eng.ged In Ihe producnon 0 WO, d 0 ' , rompIc:l~ly una,... ... oflh. a iJItncc of sg< (.06. ' " ). , don', SlJpp<»< 1" 1 n«nJarily InllOCUOlU ,,'h.... ~ fun y lI".n, . ..",U"",,,,rd.d langu.ge lucr. who h.o. nove, l..kcd any cduca tlOnal opportu · nity, r....... ,,;th...eh a .. TOng ...... of idc:nt;li"ni<><"", on a pI><>tog... ph.
oi'"
"ract.
an oru,"", .• nd. n...... tl... like the .. of Judith Scott'. _ Yet oxIdly, I lhink my Id~ntilic.,ion with ScOI1 is less ., ,he ,,,bjen of><>m< kind of pti".tion th. n ... II>< hoI""ror.n obs<:tl~ '~aw",. or a, a penon =ep1i"'ly held 1»' it. T1w: drama ofSCOII '".Ien, is ",... ly hdgh"nN by ......."r,,1 history. I>",o,
,h.a,
Un!}': fo< hi! .",101 ~""'...,.,
ol,'" ..I" ;",, bt<~..." _ ' " ..'" """P"";ry,
I«
5'-""1'.",..- .Ift......... ,ooI! .,. ••"".,. ,......, 'ppruao;h ,owho! L""=«I w ,\IrM ...,,,.
",iddJO .. op of 'e'''<J'. 011<
""" _....".-.. quo __ n.;, , ..,......,...... """,,",t... .wk."••_.m., _ ...-.... .._ , ,,,., ~;,. ,''' ""........ not
i
1"''''''''' lOilh. .hIIoup., ...........I'Iit,t-«
'-' _"" w.. """"
diffiNl, and JI'isfying fOr d.. m 10 I"....,r _, hoe privikga IIttm ' 0 tad ..,. at somt >ngIe: is onhogonal m the '"is of di.abili'y. Barbau I-k..,.".in Smi,h is IOnd of 'he nocion of the -""';Ie
,h.a,
'0
subIirnt:
.. she call> ii, and r""",,,,")'5 been >unn"" i' , roo. She "S<S il in
oolline$ of a ~"i"" idiom .... m Anally lOem<~ from " .... , h.ad bem the obuuring puppy fat of pellOrlilble_ limO:"'"' ..nse. Who ,,"OUIdn', find ~ an.-.ctiw. the ide> of .m
-=
somehowaloo OIuologically. BUI in acknowledging Ih ........ or tcrKkrness ,,,,,..rd . u .... u"'d giii , .... , " .."to .~oring, I suppos< J ~ i""nrify with ,he '-'ry ..p .. -I$I .... fatigue in thi' pholOgr.ph, !'rob.bl, ont ",ason &on', piau.. WoIS atalydc for ,his h.nt·lo·aninl"" book: i, ron"'Y" an arree,i..,.nd ,,"he,ic f"lI nell,h. t can ,""h even to •• pcrieru:« of rognl'i .... frwtr" i"" . In writing lhi, book r "" conlinu.lly f.l , pn::=d 'g.in" I~e limi .. of my ""pidlly. c'-.n .. I've fdllhe promising elo<e n."" of , .... n.<mi
""""'!oS.nd
NO'- U
I. So 1... 1 """ bun -""S """"""" .... in ~ ",!fro " """ "..,.,.."," ",,,,._ ~ Iht .... ""hIo .......... _ _•(_"" ..""". inll>mb.;·, .......
'n
fo< TotrIlJnI.. ,
...... - _
_«I "".... of ...... - ....Iosoon '" ""
pioyoi<.t .............. "'"""" from .... _~ '''''''''-''-.ny'''''''''''''' ......,
s..T......... _)< . ~
.
•. "' ... _Tomk ... do....o.
_ ·r.....,·"' .... ..-of....ob,-t ..." .....
,..""'om... .,
lNTERI.1.i DE, PEDAGOGIC
She ",.. mble • • ",cu",:nt $(m< from my childhood.
A seen< anN Mo,ht. H.. F. inlN. 1>10,ht,. body W.sl'rg
w" quttrly fl",hed
0, elu: queerly I"'le; I am no longec «n.in. not it wa, que" I .m «n. in _ kA~OALqH~.LI ..
"Hop<"
tif~I,
thid , .Hom and likncing snow btg.n 10 fIll. It wa, on. of'hr lim dc"",ns, ... ,i<>ru I'd b.rn ofthat W'$11 ·I. m ... dcm<>rnt ... tion,.nod my h~.n, in "I'i,. 01 nl<, .lmDSI bu .. , with "".I,.,ion .,.he .nd indica'ive Americ .n,.... ofrhe .Jail<, Iikt ",ading 11>O.... u but .100 like a """·ie, .t ,~ P"se.ntlik Ind In,lm .. ely ""ltd dtmOO'n'ic >pact of.ht t"""II com""""" at ,I>< I"'tience of' ,he highl)' doortos",pI>td police , at ... hat SC1:med III< 'hoilling S)'mbolO: l(:YI!roge, wi,hin • 'ightly mirub,.d ItgaI dii«>o~ .nd hiJ'O<)", of the pli
"1'''''
.wn....
dc.marie thing tNt lupptntd ' 0 .... in ...., rol 199' ...... ,,"' .... I p.u$Cy men in the: Unittd St.ttl!. It ...... muggy SOt>t~m .umm.... fitmoon by,~ sid< of. high",,>, in RtM.",h Triangle Po.l. J hod .hough, I wao !ttl;"g strong """"gil be ..·ha. Iooktd '0 bt • Std. •• dtl"l"lOrUtration (no ctviI disobNi<"'t). in spi.~ of..,..,ral mon.ho of chorlnOlher.py ,h., Nd I"""y muoch dtdmated my blood "Us. !luI I gut .. r d forgonen or "'I""Noli'",ions ,h., e". bI. I,. You know what Ioco l new, .how. look like, how nar .. ,,1 i. ""enu ,n,.. ,he.-c >IIould b.. "OW and ,hen. ,host shUI< or ~rim , di"l'lrI'ed pt"opl. wovlng si!:,,' and """"ing 'heir mou.h. , I mean movingou. mou,h., I mean ~Iling. ' " ' " m(lOI
.h.,
p""."
'0
"'"tch.•
Yot ,he fOII,in"";"" of 'hat IIblt.u t:Sn·, "",.n a 1.d of danger '0 the people or("llpying it. Arriving, I n•• hed "".0. ",ry iliff.... n, seen< from Now Engla".d a few wime .. urile., ",hen Amherst College. SO p~lIlt and ""por";", in matt ... ("II.ml • •. scony ,nd fU.hle .. in ma" ... managerial. had.." OUt to do ....... (>llCauful ) ~n;u" b.... ing .. 'he '1D.;".I..ordJ<:ffcry ""mhcl""l( Inn. On • c;wi>hing Oi<~ insonian "i"'~caft~rnoon ,I>< focult y_ "",)·bt ~''"' 01 u. and AU<Jt,,,. g.thc:Kd on ttl< ""m SrNn, holding ,;go<, ' 0 silently 'ht civil di>obtditnct of. doun union em .
«>net""""
-,,·i,......-
~ ..+.o "..,'" going 10 b&ock , ... ffic in front oI.ht Inn ;md get • ....,..td. n... poI;c., hod a )..,11ow td>oolbu. ,hr"'. ever)·, hin, ..~ ......Jr. and • b..u. .
'1"''''
Bill of Rights, I, " ''S ,he sroow, profuso, g.. tu ........ ~Ullizing, thutric.olly ,r"",forrmti"" , .... ,I«mtd IfIO>t guoronttt ,t.. totality &nd oymbolic ...... nnC$S of ,his PU"', signifying ~ •• I, ..at abo. """..,...,r, ,t.. co.nin· genn. of st.nding dtvo/,..,d intO dln~r"""'1u.mon. offoot:Sn', .. kt much .ta'e fom:, in ,II< twis, of a policoman·' ",.n.., in ,he limple not·,be"' ..... or J)'mmctrkal •• fus.1 of. puliceman·, .rm, ,n..,nd • h.ndcufftd I"'non c..,hing the .lippery ground. And it sum.d puuHngly as iftt.. c"", ... ,< . nd '''ry contingen' d,mge .. of 'he oce ... , In •• n'''nS on ,h. pu ....ymbulic regiJ .. r of cj>il disn!,.dirnLr .•"he same .ime som.how wo .. of its .... nee and indctd actu· ally con"i,u,~d It< .ymbolic and perform . ,;", power. That New England, ,hough,'nod .hi. was Nnnh Carolina ,. N"... Sou.h "'hils<: stringy and dtwltory >pice. "",med .Irnd)" dt,;gned '0 pro_ vide • ch~kerboard of,tdi~m .nd >ioIcnL<. NOlI 'hit w •• a IJbordi'pute, ... hose: ;"u<"$ ....... alw.ys within ~rerring ilist.""" of.1I< g"''' ... hit. scouring.botn","'" Money ; this ...... ~gh'.bou. blK~ncu.'1U..,mess. and (im . plicitly) AIO.: prvpcni<"$ ofbodie ........... of,hem oucbodie>. ofbodies tho, it ",< .... d imponlIl' '0 say InOJI pwpIt .n: "'1 ...illing, .nd some pwpIt murderously r~, I<> su nco ula. I go< ,he", latc , hugged and k;...d 'M foicnds.nd ..udcnt< I h.dn', _n in a r. .... "..,.,I:s. and Brian ga", me his ~ ' 0 ca.ry. I can·, n: .... mbcr - I ...."'y noti
'0
t'"
'0
w.,
'hough when I w.o • • kid I ",_mbc,
,ha, """" cl ,hot 'lmboJic p""'.."cl,hot
pickrt line> I ".W used '0"""" '0 inht'" ... ,hot ""'um.ry ... If· ....... ion. Iht ,hotn .1"""" ;neonui~ .....ilbl .....rnption cl stigm>. rc~med " ' _ be ... >01""" in .ny<>~ .• c<
rn.,
'0
di"'iplin ing of children. I wonder now how I ",I..ed 'hat volunt.ry " igm' '" 'he nondiKT<:tion.ry .. igm. of skin coIor_,h., ... of skin color ",he, ,h.n whi,e - consi
.t_
distance from thaI childhood 'erm< of ,he writ'en· up"" body. I hough not at
.n in/init. di.n ne •. ,1m. a1u.dy "",.ring the black "Sik",~ _ Ou, h" T-shirt cho
u.-
,han my whi'. ACT TNngl. T·shi<1. I gra,dully ,ooldlri.n·, pl.cord .nd commenelOd ..... gging i, around with <"I"IttgY and ..,;.fac'ion. iU if .ni· ma,~ i, with the animation of my_n body and make it speak: to ,hot r~
nmt'""'" to
~ in
'0
t"" ,ha, ......., passhlg.
to the ~uJ~ liM of dem""',"',,.,.cross tl>< road. "The 1><,",. t"" highW2j'. the OII,door$ .....".d to blo' up YOke> and ge"'UI"eS and the chan" hurkd OIl, of OUr lung> . • eying e. h, wlin g Iy to c"'''e a se. mlell turnln of fOI ge and demand: - We .'" he",. quee •. • nd We won·, ~d~ t hu )"~a.': 0< belle •. "Snap~ Sn.p! Snap! Who< is 'his ,acis! crap'" The", was abo a lot of AU u ... faroril. funny dwII , which nukn Tn<...,ry ncl"YOUS. a colhnd·mp
,ha, .....
w.'"
from a hKkltr a, an uru.. dernonMr.rion of 011'" """ IIicIc fQU5lngly )'db "Ftttdom of spe«"'" and the ochot. side fCsponJs "Shut up! " _ "F",edom of "P'e
w.,
The space o f,h e demon"ra,ion riddl.d. n'" only wilh ICou"k. 1 >inkhole .. but wi,h ,~ unbrid~.bIc saps cl "",.ning. It w.o' in ,h.c:.. g.ps. .... from OIIt oflhem. tha, ,ht fOrtt of any public pr<>tW migh, nu,erlaliu.
hut into",·hich. as .... U. it romuntly ri$k.td diwJMng. I lhinkoflhe "'''Y''''' ~ "'... a-.,allOd.nd d.~a,lOd. """inuaUy. by the ... king alt~nlions.nd
wlIen "i,kdfOlw.ols of. 00 I"" one hand, ,h.c: ,tate troop'''' - Ihot po.lhetica 11)· 100ng and .,.."rd"'... d ,,"hite ... te 1""-'1'"'<1. who at .he .. ",e lim. looked totally out of il in their , ,,,..,Iterin;; unlfor"" and y.t effortle",ly. Ihrough II>< ~ unifor"" and because thoy had guns and radios.
,,,,1:
"I""
....., could .hout: bul who had also the function 0( radiatingjags of me_. in ourdim:rion. shards of YOb,iIe possib~~y t ..... boo .......... ng.-d. around in ,h .... he. of OIl. c:<prc:!Iion-.nd on ,he ocher hand. from dire.:.
_hot.
tion. tl>< ~v camera .. acru.ally • romplco of trud... tripods. por,able and ...,ioo><1 n,.
er. people. inM>lent .... ilh implici' d.", Ind promi,.. to ..ke tl\cm for " .. n" oIong tl>< line of OIl' f., .. and bodi . .. Ind I""'ty g irl and boy "'P<>"en I<> m"'e a foreground to ... hich OIl' angry bodin rouId ... rw as b.< del"h offield. t"" assn .... ",e of pt, Sf*Cli. . .nd ,en·foot·paIr
di".n<e. for .... hicb ,ekYision M" '" KM' iU gundian and gu.nn'~. The urc. we: had (0. thu novo·. "P!"ralu •. • , "I'I""'"d to tl\c u.... i, had for u.s, I e<mden .. d in my mind under ,he double (oTmul .. ion "sh.ming and smuggling." Wilh the fon;e of our wom- ",re",n'i.lly. lhal is - oo. nbjea w.. '0 di$cfNj, ,I>< prelense II representing the public maintoined by OIl' locaI " public " broadcasting .u'ian. 10 shame them Into complia",e .... negotiation on the $UC of airin;; this film. With the lOote of OIIr bodi<s. ~.• nd in ,haloense ptno<m.tI",ly. ourobj«t was nOC merdy ,ode · Oland ~.. n'.'ion. represenlation elsewh.",. but 011....,1",1 10 gi"" to .. "I"".. nl .. ion: l(I"",how to smuggle On lO ,he prohibitive I i""."" • ..,me
,,,<>ion ofl"" ' P!"",ndy un"'prcsonubly dang.rous and .nd.n;;ered con· junction. qu«r and black. Our n~ ,0 be ~mpbry bodio:oo oprang from the hi>rory of radkaI de· nial 0( ..empbry func60n to black gay bodio:oo at ,he inICt1eCIion of 'wo kinds "'community lhal ..,.,m .., ""en to CO"" each oc""roul of ptrttp. tu.1 exi"cnre: I I.citly rae;" ",-hite ga)" commu ni,y fo r whom a black quc.:r body. eroticil:ed. mighl sc.nd n I "'p ... ~n'.lion of bI~kMu but
hov,..,,,,.
bbdo: figu'" tnUSl be denied. stI~ ..... """', ,ddtn for ,hat fogo""o be aDo...-N to fu nction ... n embodimenl cl hbd i&miIy or ""'ggle. The ambi,ior>. of QU' group of dcmonStUIOfS - shaming .• muggling"''''' di"inet. bU I for either ambition ' 0 be elfeai"'. they h.d IU Ix: pre · "'",.d .., one . Th~ iUS point ooly from the ",te... avaibbilil)'. indeed ,hot aoKni,.. prc.ion 00
co", ...
whkh local TV in 1 NOrl h Camlina wa, ronIu", >t. and in a .. n.. can .. and for. a .... ,. and pcrfunn>IWe utl.ronco. Shaming. in this ins.ance co",u'i,"'Iy: "n.. indu· si... "'P'"<"'n'a,ion you. Nonh Carolina Public Tde,o.ion. h;o", dairnmo1hing u.c..,. Smug.
""""'" _a...
-'1""'"
10 ...."'Yl>o
A. pc<>pI< a.rtYo. no m..... only sile.-.:t 11h...do ",'k .."OtIl siltncfl.. ny .an. ,hem.
i.· _
pcrfomutiYdy: "P.hind thio de"""",,",,· don .he stlPJ>O$CdIy ckan distint"lions bm.....,n COttSIativt and pc. fi::q " ..1M>. g1ing.
embl. :w,,,,d. mO,ioI'Il .... app"",nlly £<:mal•. u"". nnily Sf1v;d .... i.h mean_ ing (bil l wi,h wh .. """,ible meaningl wh •• usable me. ning?) wa, available
oroo..-ttn "'~"'n« and tmbodimcn,. ""'" words. .fler.ll. could he ""'''' pcrlOrma'i.. in the Auscinian ............ n -s.hamr:·: "Shamr: on you: "For "'"-.• or jII$< ·$h;lmtl". ''''Iocudons ...... gn., ocnsc: 10 Ih<: word. do not d~ or "'~ ' o .... me bu, tllemxl..,. conf•• it...... the urnc tim •. our o""uggling· activity of embodiment. how""", .. If·rc:fcrc:ntial. could 00of no au,onomy from ,he oblique cin:ulll of """".. m ation _ill It.ul bca...., a majori' Yofou. ""uggling-intenl bodies werc: not ' ... msel.... bIad. many of u, who had 00 much n«d '0 make. new 'I"« fOr black Guttr rcpre_ .. n.. ,ion w .... hopleuly.mbrnikd in proc<s.
I""
"""'-if.
indeed .•"''' .... unde ..loo .bS<>rbing . lId $(l ... dic.lly nctoroge".ou, .bou. ,hi, spac. o f proteSllh •• when. nell thing I kocw, Ihe urg.nt sound of my n. m. and. slowly d""·nlng.., .... of ofunricnt.'ion , uggnt.d Ih., I .. cmc:d ''''Y oddly ' 0 be "",,,iI(d ou' in ,~ din -coming to->I1rf.ong >iokntly rro", til( .fup pi, of lno
t"" ...
,hour .....
in my ,w-., Bu •• Io! po on dunns,bern. - .. 'C .... L U~ CH. in$In>
~
dttcl_.
""" The muning wilh ..-hich lhol body ",.uodcnx. '00&_. was in· usableonc (caR me.he fl« on < c:ompluly ~ ... phed pcrformniw: :agendas and elf...... of lho. de"""",,""ion. YCI 1 like 10 brood
10
..t>cn I f.in.ed panly bccawt. Ihrough my ob6cntation. iI seems.o place me. ~, briefly. at lhe cenl •• ofl""
...on. of prot." _ .. ,hough I w..--.
Alice Walker'lluml"""l vacuum uf I ""«>ioc MnidUn. say. whooc n..-.;o· il:l"k pr.St"",,{lbKDCe I«nIS ,he pcrl"cCl condensalion ofherronl'giou, UIXon.oow.nc5I o f r•• r. he. uDC.nny ,.l.n, fOr
w.,
lelC"'<>pk .o~" .. t;oo of 'he p""e'l ",'.nl embodied . a, ,h. mM. radic. 1 mndc:rualion. will. I.... he J'OW<' of coom blo
t""
in my.,....n «>nsc:oou .... S$ fd, hk. miso·en·.bi....., image of .... " huIc m ..... noo
rigma •• not of .. , D' but ,,(0 "r. ....I.· (0""" ""~ ~ {or living p......,rfulJy ....i,h I (ound
..."" "'''''' """"",ing. hindered by prot""<>rs who .. ruggled '0 block Ihtic sightlin.. CNow ,10.0,', «..->hlp. U pt<>pH: rumhiN. " .. h _ _ jus. 'icc) - Iha. image •of. mountli"""""gu,,, .... p;nc. block.dad. paper-whi' e. weirdly hold (my nicc Africon ho, t..d I"1chc:d '0. di
rn)""lf. ' 1Ih" lime.lea.ning '""Fly (rum men WIth .. ,O,;.he defamiliorlu,;"" Ind indeed .he gaps of de·ruugn"ion to..... nI my "" .....- · f."",Ie" • ,,-hi..• body. ~.pcncnccd undt. ,he prnsu'" of ampu,al;"n and prosthc
-1""
""hkh . ...·h..""". ly. ""'" more needily.~, "'lIh ",,,r more pmfound ond c... ""fonnarivr =uu,ion in'" ,h. monglingly dilli!..,n,i.l world of healch are undt. Anw:rican api'o1iom.) I, was wi,h
PI.wi,hdr'grin. with incmoc dirromfon 'h'" I ...... roming '''lffl .... hdiJpl:lccm""" more and m" ... in che co.l
,;." raisfana:s we ~ . . . to mounc co chem. FlI1ding myse,,~ ccnlinly no< the only such dbpl~ccrnem: going on in tilt .. cburoomf; - could providc dJ«u mighc somerimes wn;nch rhe boundaries of diocou .... I.".,nd in produc,i.." if not 11.... y, obviou' W"Y"
CluIpt<'!' I $HA~B .
THBATRICAl.tTY. ANO
Q UHU. PERP Oll tdAT'V'TY : H£NRY JAME$'$
,1\0,
.f,,,,
In ,he couple of week, the World Trade Cen,.r w • • d."roycd in Sep. ,e mbe, 100'. I h.d • d..iIy re p"'i' ion ohn odd apcricnce ...... was pding nonh. I
,ha,
"'".Jld fed coml"'Uod fi ..11O look >OIl,h in the di"'Clion of 'he WQrId T",dc Cenlc •. """,' gont. This inc.bIy funlve glance "'.. :t$$(I(iateighl of ,I><: p"' - s..p'eml><:r "
twin .owers. """"h""" corne NO: to loom """ ~I in .u ,hei. complaccn, ugliness. But . of coo .... che ,OWe" "'ere 01 ..... ,.. .. illgoo<'. Turning ""'.ay..... nw: ..... ",h.. I would fffI. Why >homel l think .his ....... in dl"CCI. "",h .. person bu, "'d.d<: f.mUiar buc he $Ud. do:nly appel'" unf.miliar. or ..... ".ned tosmile bu, found "", ,,,,,$mmng .,. SlunSer- ( S~ ..., tJ,). No! that In urb. n is quite the , .me .,. kwcd foce. bul il ;""1 quite diff.ron •. eithc" the despoiled .kw IUd· denly tQOthlc .. (.... say ..... JUddcnIy p""occupic
,·i".
w" •
which, wh"~."r "",,'. pmtlcgt; • ~rson In'mg .... i,h ~ 1':"'" discue in ,h,. pnticular cul.u", i, UWU(lod ....,,' 111Ol " 'orid or ~al!h ca'" undrt "menan OIpot.UlStt'L) It ...~ with joy, wnh d"'gnn, .."h im.".., lti$comfon ..... 1"~oom.ng'u kd _ h ~ pl.cemrn15 ""'"' • ttd """" In the condcn ..... g ~nd compluly repcaoen••• ;.... sl"'c~ of.~ cI . ssroom .... ~ll-a cl.ssroom .poce "'I>",I..ly ",c"",mu'ed hy .hre.. and tt.uurning .nd by ,he barencss o(,h. cogni.i .... and perro,,,,,.
.i,,, resi".", •• " .. ",ere . bl. to "'Ount '0 .hem. I'indi ng mystlf . s ' •• cher, as """"'pi ... ;oS p,,..uadcr. as re.d.
.I IIAMB, THEATJUC,,",. IT Y, AND
QU~HIt 1'~RFOIt M AT1 VlTT : ll HNItT JAMES'S
.ho, nus'"
In the <<)Uplc of ..... ks oIier the W",ld Tr..d< Center " ... dc:i'rtl),od in Sep ' .<mber 100•. I h;td • .uily I'tpe.irion of.n odd one ..... , ....... prob. ably sh.rod by many ..... lk .... in the .. me midouu.bem Ia.i.udc$ of M:onh:II ·
"'1"''''''''"<.
It....,.
un. Tum"'g from • ""'0 Fifth "'''nu......'CT1 if! ...... heading nurth, I ,,'OUId r""l rompelkd lim 10 look $.,." h Itt .he dircaion of ,be world T..u c.:"'.r. t"""· !.~m<. Thi, ",explicably furti>" gl.",( was :lS50ci.:.. od ...i.h ~ conscious wish: ,hal my ,",u,hward vIM. would 'S.in be blockd b)· the fam,li " "ghl ,,( the P'" Sep'emilcr " t"'in toWcr.;, ,",,,,ehow co",. bock to k>on. OVt:r u, {II .11 thcir complacent UgilllC$S Bu., of COUfsc. th. '(J\\'crs ""'" aJ-.,,·.y ..liIl gone. Turmng ~".• y. .... rne was wh>l I "'ould f<:tL Why ...."""1 1.hmk Ihis ....... ,n .11«1. one o/".IMM situuiom in ",tueh, as 5,1>.... To."bns puts i,. -""" is suddo:nIy look...! a, by ant who is >l.rmgo<. or . one .... .....,. 'Q look a. or commune "ilh IJ1(Ithtt ptrson bul suddcnl)· Q.ntIQI 1>«0_ he IS >I. ... n~. oronc .xp«I"'! him.o be f.millu bul ~ sud· denly 'l'P"~rs un(a""II.r. .".Or>(: $t~nod.o .mile bu, round <)nt ..... .. ,miung ., • " ...nger " (SHam, ,),). Not th ••• n il,""n vis •• is qui,. th. "'''''' Of a lOVed fO(c. but 11 is,,', 'l"'le dHfc",,,' . ci'her: the despoiled ,lew " ... a .ud. dcn ly ,,,,,,hies, r..c~, oay. or .uddenly p"",,<cupi...!. or Juddcnly de;od _ IQ ••y """,h1l1g, ..",n, of,h. h".orical impilc•• iono .urroundlng ...... p;onlcular ch..n",,,, ofbndK,p"
The.\<' fi.i>l><~ uf .h.me d,d,,', ..em !",rt.cubrly ",I"td 10 prohibilion Or
"'''ill'''"i"".
i,
11<:)'Q"d ,n.. , ,hough il "., I " 'ho r~h 'he s"'mc. "'-'l5n'l ""peci.lly "'yself! was .sh.med of II ""ould be cloKr 'o .. y I was ... hamed for Ih~ ... r~ngt"d .,Id kyline: ,ucb fl..,ungs 'llIcrlincd. of ibt~ly of ,lit ''''''~. .b ,he pn:>eofont! (eyes do,."" heotd ilYCtltd) of,hlS p""'"rfulalfcn- ...ilich app"'1"$ m ,nf.nl! '~ry e.rIy. bet ..."~n tho:: ,lunland K'o"tn,h month of lik. JU'l aft~, It.. inf.", ..... b«mnc .bk ' 0 diMingu;,;h and =<>gIltU the bee of ,IS
0...,_
g '''''' - II 'I"'rticubr """""'''' in • f"rtocu.b, .-..pe•• ed n.lmou,-e.l1w is ,hi: momen, .... he" ,he omlll of ml,roring I01pre»ions be,wttn the dllld', fac~ .nd ,he CUtg"''''', rec~'11"c:d r.ce (. mOIll ,h ••. if ,. can be o.Lkd • fonn of pri=ry n.mSS;sm. "'~J .n~ ..... rrls>"m rrom It.. '=r first .hrows ,,,,,If soci.bly. o:bngt"rowJy Imo .he g=~wion.llliekl of the OIher) ;,; brok~n ; ,he rnotrItnl ,..hen .t.. adult rx" f.ils or ..,f...." 10 pt.y ft. f>M' in Ihe ronlln .... 'ion of mll'u,", !?"c: ,,'hen. ror .ny 0tI" of nuny "'...,.,., i, fori'" '0 bc lUosmz.bJc '0. or ..,wgnizing of, .he ",f."" ",ho h .. been. so '0 lion;' qUlle ,ot.11y dependent on m'(',,~on'"g ~ffC<1'''' romnlUnic~,;on w'lh .he u«uth'\: ."d c\>Oroonating p.r, of'hc 'nf"'!·mothe, 5YS'~"'. The ,h. mc-humih.'ion re.
-'PO""" " 'hen if al'f'C''''. "'presem. Ih" r.ilvn: or .bsmc~ of'he .mile of con"c" • "'~C!lo" 1<) 'he IO$S of fccdbuk from mh e .... (ndic.ring 5OCi:al i",I.t io" . "d .ign,ling 'he 'I<~d for ,dieffromlh3t condllion" (~). The pmlo. /f«. sl, .me il thus IlOl ""fined by prohibilion (nor. as. ,"",,11, by n:prusionJ. Sh.n1~ floods m'o Mil1g as. mon>cnt .• diJ",pl''''' moment. in • dT\.'Ui, of (oknmy.cOltSmu,mg idenllficotory rommunM:."on. Indud. hk<:. ,h.me;' i,,,,,lf. font! of <:OommnM:.uoo. llI_of,lume. •he "farlen racc" with "yes down .nd head "'''rted _ ~nd •• 0. ks$cT "",en •. .ht blu.h - 3"" semapho<es 0{ lrouble .nd a. ,hi: A"I< limoo of 3 destre to ""'OflJIi,u,c .he 1"'e'pel'3O<'l>ll bridge
i,i!,"'''.
II". in ;n'e''''pting idmunnllon ..... mc. '00. m>.kes idcnbly. In fact. • h31I1t .nd iden",), ",nuio in \'t'1)' dy ... mM: ",L.lion to one aoothtt. a. once dcconsUl"nng.nd foono:b" ..... I. btta......... mc IS both perub:uiy con"giou,.nd Jl<"
b It .... rh.('I.,fO ,he one Ih., offcl"$ ,he 1110.' ,,>cOtlC cl ... >OI11<:01l(:el"" .""'N'......"'en', >I.'gm" deb,llty. bad ""'C beh ...·lor. ..,.m,,,gly h.vmg IIOIhmg 10 do ...,th me. con ,nl< • or • - thl:i " ikood nl<' iI5$"""ng 1 m a sh.",e.prooc penon _ with sm· " "•. ,. . ,- ~"~ I . hose YC'" .uffusi'"'''''''' ..... mS.O uc m~3tc m)" ptcO"'. UKI",.,U' J;>lton " ., , _~ in .he mt»1 isolaung ...... y 'mlgin.bl~. ",,".~. . UCI"nng"" ..... mc. I u",d to ... k "'.e""l"$lo P" in. thoogb, apen· _n •• ,,,:~liztng an un ..... ,hed. half ltlWIe nun....-ho ...-ould ...-...dc, 1n'0 .he lectu ... hall n,umbbng loudly. hIS spttdl mcrcasinglj" .ccusa,ory and d>SJoint~ol .• nd publicly unn"~ in ,h. £ron. of the room. then "'Onder",,. . I ...... .g~m . ,.-_. "red .he ucruci~lion of",,,..,...... d ... lIl.he room: tach look·
SDm"".""
",""I_}'
..
_
""'y
Ing do",.". " 'lShi"g '0 be ~ny ...""rc else )'" ronodous of the """""",ble f.." of bc,ng <:",aly .he.... uu.idt ,he ind,vidu:al dan of ....-hich e.odl " ... burn· ,ngly ...."'''''; a, .h. "'''''' un,.,. lhough. "n.ble to .unch the ho::morm>gC of I"',nful !dcnllfocmon
men •• n~",c n.. w
"·,,h lhe misbc:h."ing m." Th.t·, the double """''-
"",..nl p3lnful indr;(du~lion. 1"",--anI unron,rolbble
rel;",,,,,.'111· The ,,"'...."''''''.1...... y of Jislinguiihing shame from gu~' '" ,h.. sh~n'" ."acr.:. ,0 ~od s""pen. 1M SCIUe of ",h.. OM is . ....-he..... guilt ."adles.o ""~ do... Alrhough ' I'omki", i.lc .. inte","cd than an.hropologists. moraIiSI$, 0' poput"p"r.:hologislJ in dminb'uishing beN",n 'he ' '"<>. ,he implk.!io" 1.0 "'.. tllti"g '" ~I"'ricndng .h.rrIIO. lhough "n~ m.y fit nlOY "II, h ..... 5(,U'" hypolh ....... bou. ",h... In ' he d ..."lop· men,.1 proc<,s. sh.l11c Is no.... ofIon considered .h• • ff.., ,h.. "'llil d.finco
""h.,
,.,,,,aill' ,h,1 011.
"'"S<:
the .p:ttonc .ffe,,- [lIrou<;ek J
,.h
of identily .nsu n"I<.ISI orig'n''''Y .nd """:' ...1.""""l1y. Allhe .<;Imel;m......nl< both b;!i.y. A. 11'''h wn."" " TI>c sh."",.hunulialion re3CIion in inf."'Y of hanging ,he: hear! and "'''MlnS .he ~yn docs not ...... n lhe child" consdous o f", . jcaion. boJ. IndICate. tha. tffc<1.'" ronlKl ....·"h .nother pen<'" ..... bee" btokn. Therefore ....."'" h"mi~ •• ion Ihroughou. life an be .hough • ofas.n I""hol"y lOeffc,o ....,ly .rou", '''''OIhupen<''''. pooit ...'" ....,mn".." 00c 'Hom mU"\c;otionl. TI>c I01qulS". l"'inf"I"""" of Ih." 1'C3CtIOrI III L..cr hf~
hukJb.d to.he ~.rli"'l period when such a coodltion is not .imply unrom ron""", butlhlT.le", ~f~ Itself"" ( )'6s-66). So .1>:01 w""ne...e t the a<:l. or. I could :add. 1M a<:<,.w. on an I<:s, prof. fi:rs the, spc<1xIc ofh~ror h" "Ulf~ntilc· .... mooUrn to 0 spcCC"Ulg el'" lite Sf. g<" " sel (so 10 spuk) cil h.era newly dr'RUI"ed flooding of.ht ",hJ«l by lhe sh.me' of n::fus.:d mum. or lhe SU«1,ssful pull1O ...Y' ncc_ [$$;Orily diSlorlN) h)' .he hyperbole ofi ... origi"..1 c",I!;I. A~ i>n.1 des.:ribcJ by Tomlins, sh.me dfucs ('54'1(, sh."", pointS.nd f>tOjcrlJ; t.l,.,nc ,urns itSelf
r...
slin sidc Out: sl>:omc "nd~. sh.me .nd ilignily.lh ..... :anJ 54'lf-displ.y. ,II.>..... nduhibiliQnUm.1T iliff.....,nl in'cruningsoflM u .... gJo.". Sb~. il mighl finaUy be $;Ihi. ,ransfonn.,ionaI ~ ..... II rnJi."1r-tta_I mun'Matric.1 poerform.>n«. I'I:riOmun« in.rrli"",~ ....... """"' ,lI.>n ju« i"IT' suIt Or. "'.y of _ruing i, oW. 'hough import.ntly it is t"'- thlnS'_ $h . .... is the . lfeo .h.1 rn.nlkcs the 'hrtShold be,,,''''''' intl"O\'Cl">MIn.nd sion, belween .hsorp'ion I"d thc3Iric.lily. bcl",•• n pcrform ..,,'ity . rnl pcrformath·ity.
""'T()"I".'
.he
th<, lcr. the pn::farcs. gur);"...." with lhe pl>.yful sp:oade of. produc· _~ a1rn<>'1 rromlSCllOtUl}" enlruSlN 0' "thrown- au,horUl narrlssi>rn.
",,,.II'" , .Iso u/fcr the spc<1adt of ,""';ring (.hat ... Io'\"Ing t""mx]'~ open to)
~h'" was .n fa<:< .he.. and their .u.boo-·, ;rnmrdiatc r.le: annihiL>tion hr ,he bbnkn;t of nonrcrogni>:ing TCsp<>n<s'l rel.ltion to hi> audience ol .....odcn. In using the I",m -a..wcncr" helT. I won' ,0 RUrl;. James', 0 ...... m>isten< them.1t-u'K>n of clements in thIS " -riting as sptofically ,~tnc.l_ ,,;,h aU.t.. irnrlicalions of acuemen, . .....,nm..,.,men,. dang<'" loss. and ..... l.Indwli. tlul. aljo>eph U,,--.kll.>nrgucd inC4M&~1 iR tlot Alt. ,htthe.ter
,h=.• r""
by 'hts ri ..... htld for hirn. 1"be snood and ITlatod n.rossi>mf~me drrutl dr:tmatizN in the pn::f.«s is th~ perilou •• nd produoi,.., on~ .h.. elt~nd,
p.".
be. W"'n the 'p".ker 0".1 his 0..'1\ jam.ss mOSl "s".1 g'OIUIT in In. pt"'f.cc$ ;, 10 figure hi • ...,1.lion \() 'he p'" .s th~ i"'.ns.:ly ch.rgrd n::l.tion·
""P be,"","n the author of the p...,fares and In. often much younger rru.n
"Grit.
.~
Hmry jmlCS undenook .t..
Ne-o,'
York
~tion
of h .. work (0
h~
!On1e ",,:rny ro.. ...."O!UJ1l(' ronsoIidation.nd ......wan. ,,·ith """. prduu. of ""I>:ot he $:I.w as his .non importan, r><7'I..,Io and .. ona to <1;"..) ., .t.. cnd o( • rd •• i,,,I)· biwful period of li'era'1' production ("1M rn.jor ph.>sc" )_ a blissful pcrioo p<.>iltd. hov.·e,..,r, be,ween 1"'0 dcvuwing bou .. of melancholia. Th" fint of th.lt ltouring depressions ..... p«'rtp"'lrd in '895 by what -,",m". ~pcri
11,,,
""I"(:
D,,,,..
'907 •• hough .... hen 11M: mlu~ ofllM: N ...... Yoded"ion beginning 10 'ppcar.pmes·.llM:.tr>Cal s.:lf pn:ojcCltorl " ... ",fficic"drlM:alrd ,I>:ot he had acIuaUy begun ......". round of pb)"wrighl.ng ond of nq;olia,ions with produars_ ..."n.u •• ing, irtdc-td. in peMorm.ar>Cc . The MlCt ofj.~·••• rribI. depressions ..... triggrlTd. not by humtlinion on .he "a~. bul b)" Ih. b.lun:: of ' he New York .dnion nself, .1. ' o ul f.ilure.o..,lI.nd its 'pl"",n.ly 'ern,inal f.ilurc to c,,,ke rerogni.;on fron, any ",.det>h.p. When ".-e n::.d Ihe Ne'" Y""k ednion pre(=.. Ihtn ...·c n::ad • ..,nc.of ,ats ,h., .rc in .he I1"lO$l a<:<;-'" inlOgin;U,k ",b'K>n 10 Marking and Uldttd uulung 'n james'. "",,(".-cry £rom a "" .... (;"01 epuo
'"Y
.h."""
... ho ",·toIe the "",,-.,Io.nd [0 which ,t.. pnfKUalT .ppenJc:d-or bet ....."Cn dthcr of.hese men and a yr' )'O"nger ~gu", who n::presenlS ,he!
ooion i,self. Wh", uoo"ruk.ng could be more n~rcissistically '"""iting or roo'" na._ ctssi>tioi!y d.ngcrous .h.n .h>1 of ITTC.di1\g ..........ing. and consoI;dating one', own "(OIl.Cled works"] If These. Or theIr conJu...,d J'<>ung au.hor. n:. turn one 's longlngg»e wnh de.d. ind;lfl:lTn •. or"..,n di>tncted wh•• lim" C.n there be to ,he .h.nlC (of hirn. o( on .... l!) "" II1currcd? "'1u.llo Ih., d.n.gc •. tto...·l"\"r. ts Ihe dang<:r of...,.'. oWn (.ilun:: 10 rcrognizc 01" 10 des;1T Ihem or h,m As Tomkins writes. "U" disgust . [lit..... ] opent'" only .!i.e•• ntcrnl ot enjoynlCn, has been a<:<"-,,,N . md inhibitS one 0.- 1M Olhot or both . .."., innale :K,,"'lor of s1uJ1l(' is .M incomplete rcJUClion 0( ,nte...,., or joy. He,,« .ny blrricr '0 ( .. nM. aplor.tion which p.ni.Uy ",duces int • ...,. •... WIll .o;,,,e ,n., I""..,ring of ,he t..ad .nd .,..,Sln >Iu"", and reduco fmlhe r "'I'loralion or <:.lly. I think .• bout p«IDeally aboul tIM: depn::...wns Dul of ",hich Jam .. had "ncrgcd 10 " 'rite h" - major """,,10- ,hoI do. tndt-cd .
ry.'.
"""..,Is
5e<'n' 10 """", Ih~ effects of ~ «,,"!,ilened hist"'1' of non< in the abib.y 10.m an .ruuol. lruo .uch ~_ ., w~U.
""""","",. he ,,-... g"~' 10 bt plunged. Thtj>mt. oflhe pn:f.,es "",,1, m Ihe ... me St.rtlmg me .. phor ,h" . n; m., •• ,h< p,c..,m·d. y popul.. h'tratun: ofthe "inner ch.ld ", Ihc me"ph.." Ih>! pN:~nu one's rel.,ion to O.... ·S Own pOl$l as • reLa.jo.noJ"p. in\ersubjec '
1M: as 01
lJ
,mergenerationaL. And. " might bt adJrd.
d.~rution ~roti.c. Ofieo. the younger .utbor i5
(Of
most
people by
pro:n' In'hese prd".
""es as. figure '" hirnstlf. bu. I:\"n.non: fttqutntly ,heliaioos tht-rnsth-es. or(h,,~cw'$ ,n lhem. are g""n his fonn. 0 .... ro:cdn'l be '"'~'ed (u pop p'ychology i,) in • nom,.I"'ing. hygienic ,deology orhe.l;ng Ihis n:1"ion,hip. in , mawki,h ",..,,,·.lu.tic)n of 'he "child"'s .cee" 10 n. rn.;,.., ' U' thorily.1 lhe "'pense of .h>! ofihe "~duit: or in a lotahring ambition 10
gel the 1""0 sel\'CS pcnTUI1cnlly rneow:d in.o one. 10 lind lho, Ihis ligur;l' lion optns ou\ , nrh lomdsc.pe of n:blKJn;d position.llIlCS - pcr!taps ope' dally . round isJu"" of sh>.me. j;lmes cen.inly displ. ys no 00in: to heron •• "nce .g.lnlhe young and mysll~ed .Ulhorof his c.rI)· prodUctiOlU. To Ihc ctm l r~'y. tht "cry di" . "". of tht~ inner ",1f.fib'UUlioIlJ front Ihe 'peaking self of lhe p ....5Cnt i> m. n:cd. t .....S\ln:d. and in fm erotic;.,...,d. The" di\· lance (Iemponl. figured osin'crsut;«t"'•. figunod in 'urn asSf"'''I) >1, .nd I",,, brlw"",n ,he I"... nd ,n. mo'" initia,ed figurt _ p"",;d.o. g"'al dea! of pC"akms"",lf ofltte prd'...es tIoo not anempt 10"",'&" ...·"h >I.. poeen
n..
, .. U)" ~.mmg or .... med figura'""" of '" youn~r self. youn~r OOOON, younger Mt'OC$; ,IS atttmpl is '0 k"'e 'hem. Tlut 1Qo,.., Is.no..... '0 ooxur both in sp"e of sh.me .nd. n.. It"< rcmorkably.lttrough n . Not inf...,qutmly. as ."..-tl .. t. ,h. undcrtok,ng 10 rep"""'. ;as i, wen:. or -...,iss"c· ,h~ basc.rd inf.n' of (",·h.. IS pn:st"nled Of) Jo"",.', jU\Tnil;.. i, dts<:ribrd s'mpl)" OS m;). par1unuoo. j;lmes ~ .... pons findmg In hirrlSol'lf ",h •• fi .... r ~idenlion h.ng.ng in 'M parcn,.) breaM >bou, the maimed or s1igh,ed. In. d,.ligun:d Of dcr.:..cd. 'M unlud.. or unlikly dliIJ _ ""h 'hi' h'I,I ....",.11 mon.1 ,hough, offurtMr-.. oomchow 'compromumg' " (~" So 8, ).}J"''' otf.... a '"''''''Y uf n:aJOI1S fo, being cmborrasocd br 'hese
"",f~ .,(hlS 1"'11. bm lhe p<""''''cnce
",lit "'hidt sh.me ocromp.o.nits lhe;r
..-pc..cd ","jura,ion .. m",hoed by lhe pc ...... cn(C wilh ...·h"h. In rum. he d<:s<"rihH himself;oJ (.the.me ;oJ a ""y of (on,;ng inlO ]o.ing n:la'ion '0 qu""" or "~ontpromising" )"Oullt. In • numberof pi",,,,. fo,exampl •. J'nlc, mort or 1.ss ""pl;cidy in,'oks F.. "k~llSIcin and .!lltte pot.n,;"1 unconni"" .. of ,he violen,ly dis;;,'''''o"ed ",.k birth . BUI M in,~ ,h., unc.nru.....s. If! order 10 undo or a' I~a" dooonlC,hmg funbcr wilh II. byoffering!be sptaackof_ not his n:fusal _ bul hIS Cl"OIicized eager""" to rtcognttt It.. progeny ..."n lit Its oddneu: "The 'hing daM and dismissed h ....." •. al ,he bal. for lhea",b"",,,,, """,, ",.n. " ,rick of Iookmg dead If,\Ol buried .... ,h., he .Imosl ,hrohs ""It ec>"S~ when . on 'l1.n,iou. '"t"kw. lhe nmh oflofe rt.ppen•. II is wrily on rccosnmng ,h., flush on • whol~ oid. 0('11K A"'k "'ard Ag<' Ihal I bra.nd it aU . bu, t:'IC' to ,~nokrly.;oJ morutrou," (An 99). It .. :os.f lhe COIn)"' inducing p""·~.of ,he young cre .. u .... ·• -fhWt of I,fe." "tuch rtferslO ..."n whik e-"OI:.inl; ,he pot~mially >hamu.g brand of mtIC.Krosiry... lhe n:flUI o{,1It )~"sh of .h.me or n:pud,.',on the old.r ntan ,n Ih,. .... writing doc.,,·1 feel . SI ,"ilo,I)·. JJII ••• wrile' ,bout his mortifyingly .xlr..·. g.nt mi ... leu· lalion, runcen.ing rhe Icn),~h of (wh.t he had IItt.gined a.) a .non "ory: "P.,nfuliy .sooci"ed for me 1us""J"M Spoils of Iloymoo" n:maincd. unlil lUCRI n:pcrw;d. ""h ,he owk",.. rd consequence o(,h .. fond error. n.. ....1>;«, h;>J cmerged _ .. ~II suffused wi,h a flu>h of rrtoe.lning: Ihmb '0 whkh Irrc$;Kible 'or. as 1 could bul plead in tM c,,,n,. 1 found myself ... beguiled and kd on." "The .hing h.d ',ome: " h. conclude$ ,,~,h an und" . gui~,1 O they h"'" ",U J010USiy and WOIJI!u,#] n:n.,,'-cd .hc:~]'"CS" (J.I,: cmplwil added ). Who, jama stems 10 .... 01 hen: is ' 0 re..........., ,he blush &om ,,< 'e'
i,.
Itt;n.l place.s lhe l><'IO)'n'l; bl.zon of a rupr.urcd n • ...w;'tic ciKUII . • nd i",,~ ••1 to pu, i, in drcu lation . , ,he 'ign of . ,.n"".l)" "n:n~;lhencd and i""""d "0", "i"",is,iblc" bond be,w""n ,he wri'.r of the pre"",' and .hl: aba.hed wmer of the pasI. or bt,w...,n ei.her of Ittem and !he qu""" 1",1e
<-..",....
You nn Jet: 'he displ.(e"'cnl .. "'ork In ,h,. puoasc front James's mt»I IOf"I'
·~'."dcd
..-on.
Sinc. to gfl.nd ", ko:q> finl
only 10........ dunng thot fbt int.nq;l1um <1 •• ny rcmov.1 of ">C<:umul,'~ du" .• ny " .. shing of ,,",..~ f..... or .. r"ghltning of grizzled Io<:I. 0( . up<:, .n llu. ,cd g""",nt1, migh' le, onr in. o. tilt phl"' " is. for uperu;~
riot""
,row
poin'''''
"'r>O\·.tions. I ..... ~ use ho", of'lIt ligu'" of.ge;md infinnity. but In f.ct I had Mhorv."...~ the ""PI""'r>tICtof tho fim-bom ofmy I""S"'Y ... .... deocent 0(OW b"Dll one..... &om tlot nu .... ry to the dr....ing-"""" u.",., tho hod .pp..10( cnqutnng. of pos.W>Iy in.. "",~. ,.."ton. I Iud Kronl· Ingly ",ken for g......,,~ ,IK ""mmon 11«....... of such • ".",- !he respon . •il>1e glatlCC of IOn,. 1'0".... ~ from """ nu!">lUlg '0 onother. the rapid n"hof.tt .ruim.. needl •. ,lit no< impsh of lO.p·. tt,n!" " .. , ... .. rictIy Ott ,hot ""1 such.poI<>gctk ouf'l""'Slon .. m.t of the ".ltogWtcr." "'Y such;od""""", . , tlu, of. >digit: dol> of ,he .... p. I< ""y m""h "pr. (AU Jl1- JII)
,.len
The p. ssagt .h.. begins by conjuring the unnnnintj4; of on .b. ndonnl. " unltd. old/young Fr."" "",.ein brood <",mini... nt of the "'pud;"led or abu$l::d <:h ild",n In Dirkens. such a. Smtk" .nd )t"ny IV",,,. wh"", de· formed bodiesSI.nd for d",,,lop,,,,,mal n.orr "1'", at once acrdtr.ted and frozen by. among Otlw:. ' hings. "'''"(me m .. eNI wan. ) modul.t"" ",U$uringly Into tht ...... m. OI"'rpro<.ct~d Chnstophcr Robtn rozmtSS of hourgwis EJw.nli." nu .... ')" rinul. The ",,,muoJ,,y 0( , .... unnnny <:h,Id's ..... u.1 HI"""'" .0 10111 ude and <ed visi'ors. And ,n ,he pi"'....·he... the fc;or o( ""'tt~ expooun: Ius been
fos.="
,,,,"Ok
ed off. thr"". n",,' ,h. playful ""kedrlUlo 0( ;LbIu,ion and • door Ilft ,,_.rtl ch aJ.r" for 0 Ilt,le J<>k<: about the ouppt"U$ion of tM "oJ'ogo:thcr '
" \"'';:;';~n
ric'" York ~.ion.j>.""'. deornlln ,he bIond,o/unt ... ofhi< finLWd ",!he _ • nes ,hat . ..... rikingly like Ihe ones wtlh "ilich. in his kl1en. "",,\:.s ,n 0 '.n bt.n .ddresstng I !e,,
pole.....
""ith happY luCCeU. 10 ."rac, him. NOLe In thIS \'"!$I.g. (from the A..!r.mcs ..,ribu"" to Ius ..ones- impudence .1... bcspcili not tM .absence of $h;t ..... from "'is ,,:one offli..touon. bon .... 'her tI, plumr.bly rttircul.ted afterglow: 1 Tht ..ory] "'JI>kC" 10Sttrn ' 0 offer i~lf in. ligh,.IOJ«rn 10 knOll;. and ,,~th
,r:a"
,h.'"..,. lost Ir.n<no·led~"', wlut tI'>aboUI _ 1,.bI••• it )'t1 ts 0\ roo ..... nts to be caLlghl by u' " '"h tU longut m its che~k .nd .b&oIutdy no """mn, bu, ;u spltnJ;d impud0-.., .U. beca ..... 1M Story IS J"" tht If"'il.d chtld of Oo:,....... :u we.'" atv...ys di»p' poin..d ,,·hen the- pampcnt:
.d"" m......e ntg"....,' ,,·t"';' by ueaty" (Arc J',). To w-.matiu tt... o"'ry
.. ''''roo/("IIl in ",!aIM'" .0 its ,,,,..or is .bo .0 duman,c . ... IUIUrious .Jos. tance bt:twecn ,I.....ent .nd one of ,..,-liD';"": 11u: rontt;,·.bIc s1ume of • F't .. If. a produ,tion. is being ,augh' up and ",circula,ed through • h mbcnt In •• r!"',.."n.l fiS" .... i"" of.he in. in, .... Indulged mutu.l P"'''u,,"
1''''
"flighl dHfe,..,,,,i.1I of po\\"crand knowledge . pm •• Wnt'" .bou"hc writing oflli Amtrif~K. -One would ~~ 10 ""00 b.d su<:h hours of linc pttcipturiort. . of lm.gcs "" free and confiden, and n:.d, tlu, d'le)" brwh q..... ions 2Sidc .nJ disport ,he",..I,= liu .... .nk.s schoolboy, 01" C ... y"1 be.uuful Ode. in oJl tM «St"'Y of ,he Ignoro""" ""end, ng • hem" (1,). (Or bout. of"n.c Turn oflhe Sc,...,.·": "another groin. would h,," spoiled the pm:i<MI'p'",h .dd",... d 10 itHnd- ['70).) .so,ncl imc. ,m, solicilude is ultim .. o1y fru.,nl", ' hI. young man On whont • h""d",d ingeniou. touchet '''' Ih", lov"hed- ( ~71. The wooing ;n the ... of p<der~tic "",,,,on is not urudi",clion.l. how",.., .. : ",-en the .ge diffen:nu..1 ...on be Ii!,"'nt:d quite
..,.,,<"1
pl.c~" (~). ur »y~ ofLu"ben Sirelh.r. " ' rejOiced
In
Ih. prom ... of ~ I>om
50 ",.m",. who "''Ould g"" m. Il>ord»' ,h. mO", 10 bite InIO· ()IO). j.lmes
l'Cfel'S 10 Ihe prolagonisl of·n.., Ik:ut in the Jungl." a. """"'hn p«>r""" ,111\" g<:nllcman. fi, indttd '0 m",~ " 'Ith SlI,lJUom of ·1n. Alta, [Ofll>o: [)cad]: • addIng. "My allo .. ed J""dllcnlOll for poor sen,;I;'", gmd"mm aI.
tYIO)l ~mb.>lT".ssei me a. , march' " ("-46). n.., """dike",,,, yot. ...goC ,be ", " With lhe Jul'llrcher. lhe romamir painng off of ~':umc< in lum ""h ,he equ.lIy """Mi",,,," ~helor ~ Slransom. If any. "Ullg an euas 0(g.y poUlt 101M" .Imoo! " rmb.>rruomcm WI IS. hoIo't\l:" ,mled, not as a preleJ:1 forau,horU!..,I(·"",,,,nu,,,. bul '" an apIri'
II"'"
J.mu.lhen. in 1M p""fxt:S is LI$Ing ""I"' .....""8 0""""""" '" a ""''''8Y fordr.tm.>I~ng.nd ultcgr.mng,lurnr. in lhe.."".. of n:ndrnng uu. potenli.allr par~lyting affr" na""''''''lr. emoloon:ally. and perform ...."'lr prO
0,
""Y'
a condition of hos Ju,'"'y"'g ,lit Jp.!li. liud .\IIbjrct,vi,y Ih>! c~n be m.ue. lertl.cd by absorplio" F(J' th. 'po(lad. ofJ~m..·; perfo.m",i'''' ab""1'lion " P!"'a .. only In 1l:1~,ion (th(Jugh in a mool 00"'1'''''' and uombl. relalion) '" Ih" kning of hi, p',.f(J''''"''''' 11I •• nic.lily: the naml$ismf.h.me dr· cui, beIW""" ,h~ wn,ing ""If .nd it> "innorchild" Im",.",clS with Ih .. other hyperboh< .nd dangerous na",wi"ic €1I"(Uil. figurrd as th •• ,n"..) perf"... m.n,,(. Ih., ~Xlcnd, OUlW;lnl horlWCtn 'he p,.,.."lcd and tl~... (o"c and ill .ud;cnr~ I .m de>'Ck>plng he", lbe hrpo,h",is thai J'rJ'\C>', ""nenions on po" of nrgot;.'~'g ,he fo.mOl;.;ly " 'iII .ppca, moot in ..,rutingly i" his in'crs«l1on be, wo<:n • bsorplion .nd IMa'rical" y, hnWttn ,be $UbJ«t;"')~ ge .... n'ing sp;tt. dcfi,ttd by the ~ bu, uninlesnled "inn«child.· on the one hand, and on tht OIh.r hand lhe fronul ~ of performance. ja"'" ,,'Orl<.s In t he p""f:actS on de-"'iopIng • th.:<wo:ocai "labu1ary fix- di.,ingms!t. ( ,n ,lit "",('1u"" of .... ~Is) bctWttll ...·hat Au,"" lIy €OIne '0 aU 1M mllSt>';"'" and 1M pe" "" II ..." ... , .00 hn .."ttn dtikrnt, ..,""'. of perl"or"tal",i,y. No". of this ddJen:n'oal """,,""Ia,",", """......, •• re.
""Y'
"'s
"""I""',.;,,,,..
. " .. ,.Iy'''" (OI1'l)t"'I(Y inl:lc' .. it g<:" re
or It.s.s III .ppcd ont(J d, Irere", .. I. around porfOrrnati"")" _ and, Ih .. ",Coin, !Shed. j,"'t nK"" 0"" _ are romance "",.
~,,,,.II1Y (e.g., An JO"J\), oubola"'. ",,"u' form (e.g. . Art 1l}" ,,6). ;ancc·
do" '''''''' pt(Cu ... (e .g., All 1)\11•• n«dOIl.."'...., (and nOIe lhe shift here) dt>",lopmenl11 (•.g. Art >..11). An eUlllpic of Ihe man: or leiS ""pilei, ""If·d«oouuuction of,,,",,,,, dlifn.. enliob; ... h S«"" ofTht Awt"",J AV, pr«i>
.."" SlJ
s.>y. !>dare 'The Awk,,·.nlAgt': " 'hc,,, one of"'"" dements ends.nd lhe OIherbt:glN: I h..-c bt:en un.ble aIle"" rnpelf. on ",·aamilU'ion. to marl< '"y 5umjoinl or ..,~m . 10 .... tM ,wo J;,m,.wJ offices .. oepar>' •. n.q .'" Stp;1UI" bt:fore ,"" f... ,. bul ,he ........ men' of arcution indISSOlubly nil''';''' lhem. and lit.: m.>ni.ge. 11k<: ~ny athe, rn;orrugc. has only \0 be a 'Irue' olle for Ihe sonoW of;l bol:.ch no! 10 show · (An ct~ '6). Se.mingly. A.g< is rupposo:J .0 ~ ,,;,h lhe Ihtmk.1 penonn;llivlIy ofTht 'If >(>Cern oct perform,"viIY. 21 its .ubstance i •• uppoocd 10 me.h ,,;,h it< f"n". <1$ m." wif~ .... suPJ'O"'d 10 be ",nilissolubly " uniftcd in 'he ~s· ."'pl>ry !-pCc(h ac, (Jf mmi.S". Flul on<: h.rdly has 10 look \0 T1tt Awlr..... rJ A,v ; 1.. lf (lIwngh (Jr co unt on" could). nor necd one I()()k .heod '0 Ihe sI)" dcl1.";"n ~ in Au>!",. [(I 50<: Ih.1 ,h. Indis..,lublo uni,y or m.ni.!;" offers no \"t'Y ,Inul ),,,,a •• ,,lct of ,he Sl.bill,)· "f Ihis chain (Jf homologi ••. B.d e"""gh " ... II1or,i>gc " , ""cra",onl of t"",, 'I~~; bad enough ,hal. only ~ sc,,'" of words ~fl .. i, has betn pronounced indissoluble. maniaS" 'urn. OUI 10 be ellic.cion. nat '" p,<,,,nling a breach, nOl c"""' in p"""n'ing Ih. SCa" dalatttnd,ng • bread.. bu, only. for ,..It.. i, '. wonh. ,n ke<:p'ng ,he sca,,· dal of a h",ach fl'Om :ihov.·lng Bul ,he worst m'wS is that 10 gun'''IO<: "'''''' Ih.,.., I""hed benefil$, lhe m.rri.agc "h .." ("only ") "to be a ',,,,c' one: 11><: Jame .... o ... re quO\cs CIoU attelliion 10 """,. .,,,,.,,,,Uy the qua)'fia"ion is. In
A"*",,nl
."d
"'ho, k~ mu>l • n'~m.gc be: '. ·,ruo· onc:" <0 gu.ran,cc Ihat the scandal (Jfo brc",h not >howl PI:: .... ps 1I muR bt:.ruo in,he oensc: ,hat;ts ~ are " e""," '0 cach OIhe •. or '(J the,. """'s. or .ha,.M marnagc · uk ... • at lOrn(: "",ff.ble k;.,,1 . in lhe k nk . ....1 IS. of ~I'S' ren&nng their ,..,..-. WnM .. ""ly p
fora brcach, ~n.d the gu ....>!<,.. IS gua ... ",ttil u"""~"""ry _ Ih'l "IO"'"y. .os • guar.nlee. n..,."mg!ess. To bring in 1M INlh qu.lt/lealion 01 . Uis 10 rug_ g'" .hat a sp«I;v" v.aJidlty,
TM ""'" mt$ "..:>rb OUI Ihe ~.nmgs of paionnalMty IS [ ... "". .·ubiquitous oppoI";"" a", occasions for both
",,,,.,, hing til<: "",,,I (or lIS ,ho.acten) mOocr onJ''''es .• n.d ..,""'thing .... t
"pictu,-,, : .. , dtscrip""" or f""lI'OIitioNl prioople of COtnpO>l1ion, inRio
.,,<1 is tkstiMd equ,lIy to be "diminished , , • compromised ... despoiled ...
sha"", and ."",.m'nt: I h.."n'[ lhe he .., now. I conr.",. 10 adduce lh. del ..1 of.., m:my 1.psN. impon.n
o( dr."",. and dram. ([I\ough on IIl<- ... hoIt ",ilh gr"'tr I"ticnce. IIhink) ... 'f"clous 0I1"ion "'lk-n the bound>ry line btnr.un pinur~
u"tle t"'ochery CI'<" __ . tlk- .. n.ighl." ... n,.y .,... be .ru"ed 10 UlRia
~..., OIl Ihe n>O<' nu,u ..." is .. <>nC. "''''''thing Chod ,nllku on Suethe•.
"'"I"''''' 0( an
()CQ.
and "".... bun. bn)e lh.
'HIgh. of,,,", double !""'>Ute. (JOO) Ch.r>Clcristicolly.j.m .....esthe.k UOl"'" ... ,ion of lJt" beauly of lhe "double I'",.. u"," b<"w~n piclu,.. .nd ,"",.M is embtdded in 1"'1'"holo&i' c.1 lurr>!i,', 31 se,,,r.lt l:Xtu.ll.,,,Is. It .dh"",. to. pc-dor.. tic ",I.[ion bo. I we.n (h .... (lers. and equ.lly .goin H) the one bel"".n the author and lhe ""hropomorphized n",,,1. the ~no(hing (hor.>e'.r. Rc .... ding TIlt .'1 ......uJ~ ... J,m.. notes ,...... "II>< c:quI';,e [n:>chery n"" .. tl>< stroight~st ese<'ulion nuy ...,,' be truo,ed '0 mOocr .,,,n on II>< """" mnu'" plan" (An j2sJ, He lo..""s this lap>< . "'him is .lapk In authort.aJ t",hniq..., .• lapse. he ...p. from 'M "1CtTtic" into "d.. non-scn'lic 1Onn" o . s). at ~ p.l"irular f'ound"ional CTUJ' of the l'IOVI::I; II>< ""'rot in " 'bN:h Sln:ther. whom j>""'" (:lS "-..\,, alre..Jy noted) findllov.ble for h" m,'urity. suddenly become:!: mfatu.,ed wllh a young ""'n. Chod Newsome Chod. """·.'-..r. isdt:Sl1ntd 10 di""ppoint in luming OUI '0 be qU"".1I ordinary. ,,,,If.igr><>T;l[1t young 1>$<:.u.l. incap,blt of ""pondl"S 10 S, ... ,he", inlO""i!;". ""en •• he .. il\C~I';lblc of ,Ioing ",,J jUOIice!O th. I""" h. cvokes In Wl)men. "Th. es
,.., th,,'. In ' word. Ihe ",hoi. economy of his aUlhot·, ",I.lion to him h•• at import. nl points to be retielcrn'incd" ()lS" .6 ). But nOte .g.in th •• lhe tre.chery i, des,,1. th.t COlellC)' is the name. n"t for my hool.ogenrouo punly of ,Ilt >pc-«h ;oct ~1 • given 1~1. bul ... ther for ,he i,.,..ducib!e. allachlng heterogeneIty .nd indeed impunly with ",h im each lIl«ts the "tourh" of another.
'oudIing'"
u " \Vh" sho uld also he >-pcrified il 'he i",.gcd ... ual zoninga nd",,~u.1 act in "hkh lhe"" rda,;ollS ... pc-.tcdly d ... nmi." lhemsch... in Ihe In • fOOl""'" to . previou, .....y onJ.me,. "The Ikast in lh. I qUOled from J.mt$'. noJ C
•""'''''go
pm""'. Close.:
I,n """..• ftulong ,,=4 .. <>I1Y"' • . in fi;)nt of mp"".n. ..~th an ;"""nl ""cu",u!.."on 0( ",.. Nill of " 'hieh I f..,t ,Ilt ",,,.Ith. Ind .. 10 "tuch I <.... only invoke my f.orruh .. demon 011"111''''''', who alway • ...,..,... ~', hc~. when I <011_ He is herr ""h me: in (ronl of,h" cool gte.n ~"';Iic - hc olIO in .. In : I"" h"'i; i.l""" "'''I)',hinK ahid....n
.. >ofd«p .nd g,,«ful ""'s,ng .. hen. in !he fuJi ,umr=r d. yo ofLlombj l-f\""'<:j. my lonS dU>1y od,.. ",ul'!' "''''. I $h." lor ahl/, to [plung<J my h. nd. n'r , nn, in. d and r... up 'O!M .hooldh_ lnto tbe, lorn} bog of I'!'membr.ora_
of .uSS""ioo-ofim'gon"ioo-o( ~n _ and ~!J1 "'" n,,'Y little 68"1'!' . nd
,h.,
f~I;c'tty. """ry Imk fXI .nd fancy can be to my pu.post. The.. tI".'Ill II'!' IU ~kN a..-.y. now. thicket th.an I can prno:""tc. dcq><. than J can f.. hom •• nd ''''I'!' ~ !"'m rt:lllortht prtoalt. in tlt.ru$.>CI..dcooi cb.ri:neos, nU I ","llltt tn upo
in .. hich thory ..·ttI begm to glum and gIlu ... .lnd.n., bm Iih tht go'tId je....1s oh ""II<', (N..n....ts J.I) A! ,110 "mr. I qUOIn! ,hlS:as. du<Tipiion of "!Wong.:u.&r. •• rr" (Eru'"
..""'v ....l; I.m """' II IS th:il . bu! 1M Cott['""[ oftht P"'f..:n bring> ou! I"", DIM' ..!t"ncr' of IhlS ~ of lUting equaUy J1r()J1gly - ..liwces "" blro!O neh DlMr.nd. ofC<MII'X • .also 10 tht wti. ingprO«:U.- n.c.. ",,,,01,,,. fir>!. ,,·c . hl>. and """ond, I"'ttunlion . Onr of tlx: rnQ<' audible int .... ut:o tn lhe 1"'.....:. i, .urtly "Full f• • hom /i,.. thy f.ther litS: with the cmphui.. I""rl>. p:<. ott "/i,-• .- tllo Ii,.. oflinS" ... TM exbe" imporunt int""c" ocenu l
J.I " '~$'S wwtls os. '$ il turn. OUI. In fine CQml"'ny. -I blush to s:.y: Wilham J.,,1<" wnl~II" I knry m 11169. ".h.. delalled bull.u"s of your bowels - -.rc of .... n1()1;1 .,,,hr.1Iinll inl.""1 10 r=" (Crrrr.!l"""""" n )· MO\'he i, ~ntJ. 10 W" ... an <XId 511e for such <'pI;"'lion. bu, I "'oold """"thd.... 111.. 10 pU5iol1>ldy or ...-dl to muell ofJ. mes·s wril' ",g OS ""ccssotily. as il ,..e .... alre.dy. '0 be in Ihnll to ",h.. had long been
.1'),"'"
."end
"""'ges<
hoS I"inful. fussy. immCI Tht ,"",enl publ,CaUO" of ,h .. two bt-ot!Kn' "arty"" lopotl'
dtn< to off'onn obj«'· ,,,,, COf1Tlau,.. - SI.nl111g tn iIJ dou;1 and Intimacy. ,f not in its.od ",od..:~1 but al ... his 1.......1dcstin~tions (during ~ part hi, hfe defined hy tn,.. I). hIS rudmg, his family "'t.1ions. and the rompo'Ii!i,on .nd {ltrol.Il,,,, of his w",;ng. The n«d 10 disro ... hll cunwlion "mh lhe broIhor II h"",,,. for irlS,a""". mob,lius" dnm. of oe<:n:t rompl;dly (Willia ... :"1t mak•• mt sick 10 IlImk of )-our life being bligh,ed by
or
.""ncb,..:..
Ihi' hideou, .ff"c""n. 1 will $I)' ""lhl11g !O Ihe f.mily about iI. :as th~y can do )"uu no good. ~nd il w,lI on!)' gil.., Ihton I"'i,,- [Curr<Jp;md",u J '3)) Ih .. hotl1 m,m;" Henry 's blo'I5Os H~nry, for inltanl of the lcucr to Ah
',,,"rn.l
Ihis our p.unch bcforr Still be.", Ih<m. fallhful; .nd lh' llh",,! '0', 1$'0 ",fund 1ho Mccb.ls with the meOl To P''''''' me, G<xidesJ1 d.orof.1l design. lJid me wi,11 Pollio fUp, :u .... ll .,
''''''1;'''''''''
change '0 b«om<: • ",nDally ab$olu,c .ymbolof ""luc_ Sharply as 1M lhematlt emphasis ""'Y
'n
.t'h<: die, hc:", is good _ hoch simple& I"b,.bI~. lIu, tht only ""~, ....." roomy rompUln' is the "uh;o,h. I ...... d... ppoon,~d ooc 10 ~nd hett oome iU
I ""'1 OCIuaDy say that I can t gel • 1"1'Iagt.. My "bld< ''1U1n" .... Ct-.l to 11;0,,. mott 111m • nornitW _ _Tht ..... t.,. .,,00 """""'" altogrthn-oo- corne. out ... innortnt
1m.,
hcvc "'" 8( wrnpletdy dl$llll",
'0.,001.
,,;,hou, I>clng.~ to .If<:n 'ny,htnll """ ,ho: po-os>g< of. b,,~
blood.
. Of rou .... I ",nt for- ,II< .
lrit.h phyoocun.. . H< nude: m/! tm
an "'joe"on. of ....... unmO;"'1TI ~ .."""'.....iuch comploetely f:Wed. to """'''
ITlIO. I "'i"'"ed it brgdy - ...·hoIl)' In ".",. He loft m/! b ..... tht"''''''''I: •• pporrntly qullC in ~..•. .sn-.ral days ~ now f'W"d. 11u,,, ""'" tht
dan .... "'J"'aledly. clu>N (00 ,,'1\;0, uten, ... . fnrnd Ii: to ...·hat ... tlocIor&lcl l ,~) tok<.p .... in hand .... Ii..... mtned(myb<M'.uJ (•• for .. he could) by the instnioo ofh" lin!:,,' (hornJ ..I.!) 6: say. th.",;" no pall"bI. obotru!ubbornn ... 11;: ",,«n, -,be kn,,~h 6: b",.d,h 11;: dep,h. of my 'rt')ubl •. (,08)
Fron' 'his ""ense:. ""u,ely u..... ppy n:l.,ion of. young "Ti,.rtO~ I"n of his body ,,'en: .lso '0 .m<.-gc. no..'",.... pl ••• u",. and nd,.,.. In p.n;rulo •. ,II< ,.. knc .. ., ,:>(hing '0 di~'i'''' O«U ",ul~,ion .nd,o lT101t1u.J I"'"" ...."ion " " .. '0 undergo ~ proIOund ch:ingc_ t..., ,t.'''y ye.n clop$", and mort. '" 'hr of this dttply inlagi""d .rou, .nd ....n'eoty tll<matir. ",.. I."en· :>(rou",,, g'''' """;rul,, pot ... (.11< point ofdistancc and ''''''gum''''' 'r-...."'umion... mudl .. til< poin' Q/".,,,,ibrily) 'o , passogc w... "'" ,~ oocdxlOk entry "i,t. ....hlch I ~gan dw se
.-.1«1"
c.""
hand. ,h. fi".d t.owd m .. eri.li • ., as ,fhoiognphi.c.lIy in tilt ron'''rg~ncc "ft""o ineongnrcnt sp .. i.li,i •• - ,h. ""'Iul" Yof ,n,ide .nd ou"id< on (a. i,
,...,..,1 the one h.nd .• nd on 'he ",h.,. 1M sp.>-li.ltly of a'l"'cu ("aspcCl.ununnyos the: ~nle '.nn "");h' sound" [Ar' 110)), or p,.".."ttd and ","ncd • o((o
."d
.00..,
""U'IlI ""h lhe o..llLi\\"inll drwm ... u..· tOO"'"' (_ J. To rnm any """" of how a gt'og"'phy of "'" roncU'' '. SUI"''''..-ntS in thos f"'S>&" 00 • n.." ",-o..idtd geography of o/:r>-.ont and =.~ Vlnu· ally rcqui ... om".... and =''''''':- bt ",.d'i ttetO and ,,,...,-and tha, "n:lood .. upcning f1. of so s.ran&" an 0110)'. one racc of which is somt· body'. righ' .nd e. se and ,he o.hfr ><",lOl><>dy·' p.in and ,,'.ong- ('4J). If
Ih.,,,
,ha.
'pc".tnr:
indeed -faee" ."d "back" "h<:. uttfully become op'ional for the 11,.,;,; boc.",", "'<" n,lItr.n anatomicol douillt "",endrt whoot int< '0 h.." apcricnccd ... inuhaUStib!.: li~nl '0 CM:nW. the importance- 01' "ngh'" and KKn< orb.,. ,,-ortb (do· "'roJi.""'1l for ........ 1>rr,,'Cm. .. io. ...... t'ttlo .nd ,"'..., of"'" p ....scn'cd anol <'IlJO')'cd body- "For ,],., d ....... , .1" . y.. by ,be wry J."·of h,, &""'u" ~!i",,,. no< only in" po<Sibtc rillh, i....., ftom ,n. riglltly·concc,,"cd 'igh' plac!:, "" Joe, much ttlOr'< than tlus n.:, belt"""•. ir ..... iSlibty, in ,h. rltec""ry. ,be I''''Ciou, ·ti);htne •• of,1Ie pI.ce (wh"ever 'he ;.s"e). , .. So 'hat 'he pol", os nu, In 'he Ie." what '0 make of
' 'I'!l<>.
t",
it. but onlr. "'..,. okhglllfully.nd ,"'..,. donln.bly. ",hOTe to put onc,.lunJ on it " (A" III Ill."'" possibk nglll iwI~ from 1M tiglllly·collCCl,,,,d ligh, pL>c~", ~ phr.ue like ,htS one """ ",fer a, ,he QIt1CC . ilt1CC .o...., "$I",iglll-
.....1ofbcUlg ''''''Y' """" dun at risk of "pc"""",,,- .......g.ruzation around
(propcrOfco,wen. ion:>l ) '''''''''' of ~ from.he "$I""gII. - platt of con· and 10 ,he ",cui i ..... from l'. -$Ini,-
• -p"nlou>ly" dBplac-.d and kJ.,',kn,-n zone But. ronfusingly.• hue spo. 0;11 melaphors ",fer to ,I>< in, u,,,I .. ion among ch.1r;oC\ers· poin .. of vic-....
onl)" in
(e.g ..•, "<em"l1 of (''''SCiou''''''''-) but .!.so (.nd qlll10 incommeru"nbly) to ,h" rel.t ion oct wce n t he fo rs, half and the 1.11 or (or• • n ,hropo:>nlOrpni("".I1)".
"'pt"'"
,he ,.,n"" ofplt.o"nl>l)" ughl. Wha,c\..r ,he "Wtu: - nothingis tigll'
U'·<'I we tightly im.gine il .This f.mily of words. ,nslS,ed on :as in ,he"" eOIUIT"ct;ons.l""it lvdy l" ",,m in j ame" I.te wtiung (the [IO"o",b: • • well"" the p",fac..) • •• if ouch sylLoblt$ cnjoytJ so"", prN'kg
.,.tc
rb""
the lo'..... r and /or Im"k) h,lf of .""h n
'0
probes - II>< bller h.lf, that i:s
and JcfOrmed half" of the ....,..,1. nuUllam,ng h.. - fr« h.1nd- for -
m.
,.,ry I"'rilsC3n bcplc-;uu ..... and "tIosr pl •• w ........... . hr m)~hmofd,ma:Jt:
I should take 1"',1..1'$ tOO f.m'$Iic a romfon _ I mean ""'''' !WK tht «>m fo ru of ,he anise ju.. 0( til<: r;aw......-net off"",,..)· ,n .ny g~mp'" of such ""hk,-.:d righ,nc~"'$- (69). Nor.:as wc·1l ",e. il,lI<: a<$Ocl.[td i,.,.. ".,.. ioo "f .he h,,,d a' .Ilk", hquent.
)
Considering th .. TM An cftM NOvtI is to""n (whcn discmsed at a U) ""
f.b<:. the d~mbling s<:cond h.lf of Ihe work bef"", mo .. . 1'''''''''''' th.1
the pure" manifcs,o for the posmg <:cn'ero( rOtUCiousncu in 6ctlnn. " tS Slnkmg haw much 0( "COn<,i,u,cs . ntC,,-"ndllm of misplacnJ midJl.,. Thot", is nothing "". problematic <:ClUtrs orC\fC\lmfen:nccs in any o(.M prd"ac.s. James
.bou,
"'I""w of • particular vic. ofth • • n;'ti< 'plrit. again" ,,·hie-h vig,I.,K. Iud bc-tn <1<. tined from the firs, 10 el ." i,,,,,lf in v>in . • nJ ..... eftm of",·hieh....",
,h..t.
'g,in . nd .g.in.I"'"...... ly. tnCU .. bly. th. cen'", of my Slructure would in· sist OIl rI.ciog itself n
("".oold conf......, ,h.. In
,~,.,.
[ urge m)"Klfto tlu:
b · ofmy~.'o my "}~. "'" tht
"'E""'< «J for bn,.. OUt".. td ......... 1""><1""U)· ,,"O!\CJ u ..lf. :onJ
.Ii.,
in 'l'it. of deopcnt. "".IOO ..... nc•. or in other ,,-ortIo easem,.} couTlter pIoIung. to. r<>'nt I"'ril"">ly "'''' u< and spurious ccntrel .ifog<"[hcr. ' 0 m.le up for.n. f.. l"re of\hc true. (III' S,~86 : "Cen, .r" .. clr~rf)· beu'g....,d In • multival~nt ..... y m ~g.. likt~ . .1$ much as ,,·hen it Iud CO
"I'",m- (A ). And""",. the .nthropomorphic fTUpping of tilt.., ....1>"""" (n.", C<>ll K:t.IIt:ly hottl1 .he ~.. n n,.,.... ilKornmc:~ur;abk in,,1\" gf tM !heater. -n.. lil"$l hill" of • Rnion ,n.iSlI e>.. ron figuring 10 mc: .. ,I>< .ng< Of fur
,he.,,,,
,he ""O!Kl h.lf: j.m~1 writt$. fOr irul3n<:c. ".nd I h",.. in !,,,,ncnl g,,,,n SO much ' p'ce to ",.king .h~ ,he"rc prop"io", m y h. h ... h.,'C ''''' oftcn pro"ed ",.ngdy unequ.l - (Arl 1!6 ). Or. ;n • ''Cry ilifl"eren, kind of ""I'P1l1g: "l"lI.c novd. as brgdy p.. cus<:~;n Engh.n. is ,he pcrfect I"'",dtst oflhe
.n ..
Joo.e enJ. Th. ploy cot"",n,. to th~ logic of but """ ".~y. IlUtn.rrul""Uy nglll. and .... ilh til<: ",,-.nd [aJgross ... iml"'nlMlKe on its surface" ( ,,~). T() trOct 'M r.m.lk'ationsm,hr:so im.>ga through ,he pttf.as .......Id "".... .... quoting from (b,e ... lly) ~..ry .inglr I"'gt: oitll<:m. A ~ efficilon' '1'1""0.<1. ","OUIJ M.I"',haps. to offer someth'ng b,;"f in the w..yof. k'; · COt] of. few ",fthe m.in ,,"Otds and ""man,ic dus'.rs 'hrougll which ,ht fisting im .ge work. in Ihc"" p ... faca-siner Ih •• ccunml.ted and digested rodolcn mo.' t.o..slS of
kep . «""lo,u Wlnp"' .... d- (~J~~ II, .. in of oK.nng thIS Lu;ictm. I fUI'P'* I .......Id u y .."..,. ·
''''',Ott
thing .bou , wh.,
II
i.,o hfar ,I..,... richly ,cCf.""d.• Imo.t .kh.",;.,..llr im.
bued signifier>' 'n Ih" highly ~.h~"d ""y - and m= g("" .... Uy• • l><>u, Iht kUlds of~slSl'ncc Ih.llh" n:.ding I suggell he~ may offer '0 a psycho-
'n.lytic ""erp"";",, pro;ca. In her psychuarulyll< wort. on james. ""i' 511 '" rm. n ded. ~ htrsc If (lOr OOX' ""rticu I.. p.u..ge 111 one I"'rtirula. pn:f. ace) wilhng to ·n,k ... viol.ung a fund"nen,:I.ltmct orJamacriticwn_ 'ht '"net Ih" no m:mer """'lundly "'S&"f"'" lhe Moster's language. il c.nnOt h"... sau.1 import" ("Too E.rIy· '65). I'm un''''1r with 00 on lILa, one Un"plllLa, S~\ttr1Un·. ~aW11CS:l' ' 0 hur how vny oprnly sur James's ~focel a~" nude: pos!Jbk only by he. strange lmistrnc:e , .... , ... couldn', ...... knov." 'hey wc~. jamn's crolJc..ed m..lion .0 his .."ri!, ings and clu~c ... 111 her ,.."dlllg. Ii by "uncomc:iou$ dcso n: "',.... ,h.n an org.nlZlI1g C<MUCtOUoncss': •annon:d .g.1t1SI un,,"an ted ..If. knov.'k:~: ja,.,., is di.lg:nosN by Sd,,,ntWl as h,...ing Jus ·def....... • "... _
go'I"...w
<\I,dy in pl= 'gal... ' surh .n u",,-cirome I"emolug'ol ptiYilcgc_. pri,;I~ an "hed, f unhern",,.., '0 Si I'",m. n·s W1a1tir..1 i"'tslenee on 'iewmg >CWali,y elelush"ly '" lerms of ",~iool .lId 5<;lf ignoranee. When we tunc in '0 Jan'e.·s I.ngu.gc "n the ... ~uenci"" i, is not •• 5Upu;or. pri,-;Iegcd .a,,,sdropr:r~ on • 5<;"".1 n.... 'i>.. h,dJcn from himself: rathe r. it i, as an ,,,.Ii.,,,, ol](..,d the pri"il~ge of Ul.ring in his "" hibiliOlU5lic ""joym.n'
,he he,,,,••
• nd perfomu",c "r . ..,.ual"y orgJn izcd .round ~h. ",c. Indee
'lAlf. aoo, a. We 1La,-e aln:.dy Ottn.•'C"T and a group of ,,'tiNs .round / n:q/. CENT" .:C'.CU"fUI.~CI ...... c;T. "(0..... ! pick the!.e ,,-oms OU' not brc:IUSl' 'hry an: commonplace " Fn:udJ.an· !>grunc.. In ,ht ro",..",· "onal phallic tttOde.• tttOde , .... , "'as K~""1y Jamn ... but mst ..d bea ..... each undel'lll'cm lOr h,m "'hat nl)-.cir. , .... , ·e... m .... r chang<' . ,be relt r"'mrnt.tlOl1. rver inte~'''g. bmll.gr.....ly ... on : , ... ..."... ong,,,:lllyronununlCoted to make fi-t:
. d,lron'''' Icrms for the new cmploynwm lhe~ a""''''''g it" (Arj 2.19). quote ... h "I"'n. 00110 - " i, condc">e> - a junelu", betw. "n , ... erotic f.m..,·, ~.!"'~I;On 1"" $t, ."d ...""C OspcCl or upcru of its p",formal"" dimen· ,~
of Jamn'. most chcnshcd ,,-onIs. ~lIy w"',"", 'WIKd to the Y""'ng .uthor',"6n>; fOo<>er you'''' ,he",/Qn: mean, ,o...,;t ...... ving been a bd idea at " .... tl>er you'", ....ring. in James's phr• ..,. tbe "iU·rum:nt "uJ,ibl1" of ·an ebuon J105"" siI>Iy p~J,t.tnoplUOU'" (JO). Bu, ,..., ... Ir"bsoe 5:1"'" token... all but 1l00drd ...,th I.......;" .... cath«nc ..... rgy. ,..., .....'K). of inte~. fond of . . ,S<>mn>tte - UI ""n)(UI~r. as lo\'U1gly and ;nten:>t· cdly ",d;n,ng 'OVo'"nl 'ho other. usu. lly younger nulc figu .... tions in lhis in.. r /on, ~. person. Id .... ma ,1m ""g and ;nterested ":ill sublimely and r:rhap$ • II1lk f.,uously" (111). The f.t uous "fond· ....... tion of deligh' and >elf. 1'0' eumple, mN f) is one
"Iotn
oued ... If-deKrip,,,,,lY'
dtllgh, .!n:.dy nv,.blc '" t"" C:I.lifOl"ni. journ.1 p..s>ge Ii ""orp ~nd woof OhM f. bric of,..., pref.rco: " ' ncloned '0 retn>P"(I : the "backw.rd vie"': ",,,n ,,;th 'h" "thrilling lale: Th~ fondness: Oflh~ Ort,,' .... j~no", "","ph"$<;< j, in one pn:foce. noay lie ,n his ·w,llingness '0 """ m.",1y for .n 010$· (Art 83). The ~ssociation be,,,,",,,, foooMSS aoo lhe fundament u,mds. ". "'cU, 10 james'. Int,,~jt ,n ,he fOU"OAT'O". ,n ,..., highly (and a"'"y' :m,hro· f'Omot"pl,,e loooe founda,1On . b ....", ,..., hean The ""'m............g on tl>e ....... ofh", ~ I.'e ..... wrily '0 ]"',L/. is con,""ucd to .ociutccollJ"C. '0 ro..."uction
'ha,
a' '"Y OOS!, to driving in dct:p hi. "tTlkal suppor's and 10)'1ng.CTOSO .nd ~rmly fi.ing hIS horizontal . his .... ting pk(e< - ot th~ ri.k of no matte, wh .. vibration from tilt. "1' of hi. m ....tcr·h.mmct. This make< 'he .cti,·~ ,·.Iuc of hi' hosi' immense. cn.hling him. ""h his n.nks protCClL-d. to ad· .:lIKC" (Ar! '09), !'{lnd, 'hen. i, • nod~ whe'" tho o, tf this were a 0 'p"dfic to 1M compositional or d",matk sce"c. I\" ",marked on hov.' the ~is>u~ rum ""i.ion of tbe books 3nd the. SO '0 >peak . "'po", nt' ng proc= "flhe prefae~. see m to conte together in the signifier The "is>u. " is nOt only Ihe edition .nd the child nrother c milt cd n,.lt .. but the binh (~nal. the dl annel by which the i'luc issue', 'he "I",<\ible right issue from ' he righ'ly·(om;eil'ed right pl.,." (1' I). And as wi,h the "b.ckw.rd view " of,h. fond "n:trrupttt: as also ,,;th <en< a"d ;nf,lI iblc e'plo,i,,, " ('75). Like IISU • . ASstn seems '0 ~gin by alluding '0 'he scen~ of birthing: " 1mb the obstetric h.nd ""h the applauding on •. d'e dllld~d with , not pnblic.,;oll . b", ,h~ ,he.,er. In Ihe rn:face to TIt< \~1~g.< of rlt. !).-ny, J.m •• seem , hOI h r0 ."'u me 'he all ~ nd in g 1"'-'";011 of, he 11",,,1". maslC r rhysici."
Is,",.
Sir I.u kc S,ren , ~nd "' ,h~ ,a me S..io""to. of inspired res;"ance, Thi. la" f.ct was 'he re.1 issue. for n'ri" I, is op<:rJli,'" in ' his .ccount "flhe play of poi'" of view in TIt< Ammran: ",~ I the wmdow of[Nt:wm.n 'sJ wide. qui<~ ,uflidemly wide, eonscious" ... ,",e ore .... cd , from ,ha, . dmirable posilion we 'assist: He therefore suo premely ",atters: all sion "f one being by .nother at its complele ... , .. So much rem.m.trUe then on beh . lf of m}' in" inc, of nlul'iplying 'it) attn", .ct"ally'" I>,ed. "Ven 11\ French. hul thcy do sound . Iike ,~. the resona", syllable /W -. And firm though i, mo)' be wi,h . n orrh;,eClural lirm"",,". p"ctedly dra· m.tic ossocia,ioll' of the sca, . in pankular of the ... lished ''''pl...at. the "imm.",." "b.,is.- -wide. quite suflido",ly ,,"id~: are well attested in the prcf,cc., A, one "f the wind"",•. for in"~~<"•. al which J.m.s has done his W"''''g. -. 'great hou." ... gloomed. in dusky brick. "-' the ex«nt of m}' vicw, bm with a v." on ofloc~1 "".lth of <"olour from ,h. !ptcial g teyiI t!te"re ohhe town . To .i, forc."ain hour<., one', d•• k ~fo .... i, ....."ssotn<:· how to o<:
al,
of digeSTion .nd Il~ prodoru: ..., k~ ..bIt amoun' of'luot:ltion could oIf~r " ..,nocofhow fuDy thut I"'"u"", 1M bnguagr-ofd"'l""f..:es: 1 ArtJpiolcn.1 in lhe: gankn of bf~ - ",Inch m:>,~riol ~b~....he:", gm-o... is Slal~ and UMafAbIe. IIUIIl h .. no S<)O)ntTdont lhlS' .... n " has 10 I.k~accourll of" f"""'Xt ss ... ,hoil ..flhenpttssion. II><- h,tral squen"'S,ou I. of ,oa]uc . •• • This is I'"'dsd~ lhe inf",ion Ihn. "" I submu. con' plt' cJ ' he .. rong mLl· lure . , .. II"• • 11 . sede""ry p.n" <MI 311). The mOSI .".il. ble l:tngo. ge fo r digcs"ol1 i. , h,u more or I... os,ensibly of cook "'g. e. ch "mink.bl • . .. <0 f.. as ,h,n k.bIe " .1I _ in cl..mka1. almos, in mySlical,c'ms", W. can ,urely ",(OUn' for no1lung in 11... ...,..... b"·...m!lu' ~ n', 1"""<1 1hrough ,t.. moribIc ofhi> ;""'Sin.auon.lw In Ih.o,~· $im..-. ing "."I.Iron hIS onl.Uomul1"' .... jn. bem ~u«d '0 """OIlfJ' fusion. W. t..re figorr lh. nlO<Wl. of 'ou",". ROIl as boIl.d .0 notlung. bu., .. . ~. in rei,,'" for ,h. "lit;' gi,... oU'. '0 ' new.nd richer »tU,·" ion. In 'hos ".,t ;1 ;s in due rou,.... pkk~d QuI and ", ,,... d. and a "">gre ..... m will.,,-. il ... if il do.. n', 'p".k 11\05' nf its I..e g<'nial medt"",. Ihe good . Ih. w""dorful
n·,.
<""'~ny i, hu. thctirally ktpt II lui .n.. ~. in ~ne. In'O new
re' '''''n .. " ,·.....'¥"S 1"0< """,'one>. '1< fin.ol _uur hu bun ronsmu,od. 00' its pnmt ide-ru;ly dest"")-ed. ... Thus if Iw 1>«....... ditr.... n' and. tlunb
,u a .... re . k"'my.•
be,,,,, 'hing. (An 1)0)
y n.),
",lnllM''''g u""'SO:-' 11K fu rthcr .nal",1> Of for ,lut nutt ... .al",.,.. .",•• ,.. ,II<" ''''''h of r.pture ond
vICtory.• s 'he .n is, " ~m' h.lnd grasp' .nd pby. i, _ r mun "",lUr.ally. "r"'" ,n.o,h...:J .. I" " ..... nd lh, oboru .. victory. rnJO)... d .nd celeb..,ed not U1 'he "reo' b.II before "'n" in"" m",., , hril"; Ihe odo.!s being. hundred '0 Orl<. '" . ny 'ml " does 'rTl\'e by any fiT"Sl procw .. the "'" .... iduum of lru,h. Th .. " .. , ,ho dunn. 0CIUibI~. of1M piious. It lurked III ,t.. crude p<>!Nl> .. bu. bunrJ """n,. , .......... thr att..",.,., ~ the ..........·.re it btcamr of lhe r..g...."'" To .... h"'h r m>.yadd ,h.ollhc more: I scr.,chcd Ihuurf.oa ond pe"", ...od. lroo "",no poICTl' . '0 ,roo in,oIl«1u. 1"o>lnl. I>«.",e this .,rru~ At I•• , .•cro,diltgly. ,h....id uum . ;u r h"..- "lI.d il. re.cl><:d . r ....., in p..... cnore of Ihu,d d, ."",l< .p.rk that g lowed.t It.. core of "'y vision . nd IhOl . •• I grn'I)' blow upon i,. oorno:d hlghor ond cI" . ... '. (Arr
.1",,,,,,
ron,...,.""".
n',
ns
eur
,.»
1 don', .. . m 10 m.u me I'"'f:act"Ssound ~oo much hu TIlt 5;k.....,fdl~ 1.A",b.<, ool}>mcs don ~" a ''''}. graphic
""y of ligonng aut",,",,1 ",I.
'''''''' in 'Cnn$ uf tkrm:ll .... botation. All "."',.,, '"rt, he
rroductS of cooking
.nd of dlpion ",em imcrt .... nl!":.bI.-and ''1ulll)' im;$\s'ihle_l>«.u,", neh is Ih. resull of ~ pTOCQ< of rrcirruJ. lion described ai if i, could go on endlessly. ""Iy adJing '0 Ihe ridUl~" of (wh .. Jam es usu. 1I c. he ......iduurn." ' he Ihl "pieked." "pi ueked" (II " I}j\. or." in ,lit Cahfurnla pa ....ge.nd m""y 0I11<"rs. "fiWd- oul. CThe long pole of .... mo' y ilirS and rummages 1M bonom. and ...·.fish up sum f.... gmcnu and .... Ioa of ,he submttged bk .nd ,I.. e>l,nct ron1Ciou f. r.S lhe po,,, in him I""'·.il, ....·", "'''''Jlhing cI ... hi' aah." ""_ oflife: in .cro...... ncc .... "h "'h",h ,roth 10 kup one'. hand on i, is 10 hold ,I.. .ihoer .I"" 10 1M .... hoI. bbyrimh of hIS con>ciousna:>. He (ttl< 'hIS h'nIKIf. good ~- :JJ!hO")' To .race ,I><- career .,r,he "..,..-d ..... cu '
Th.
... pI;c;,Iy. ,ndco:
ronsodcrs" ".... In
""'ity or,hc Crt>"',,- efforl'o gtl In'O II.. ,kin of'he en:'ru",- \0
be ".
b"Uliful inf' '''>lion.- mJud. -II.. acI of pr...,..all"*"$<"'" of onlion and the con,. !;ion of . ffert ""em. linud 10 • fan'Uy of 'he skin's bo'in!; cnl~ .... d-.nl.red '1"" cifically by. hano.l .• h.nd , .... , Some ...·unb}>mes f......... for lhi.
,,,,,eM.
... b".,,,.re clo'·a. eok. and my gap ... - to pl.y ,he snullh:indfuJ of,-aI ..... reilly for.n 'hey " ..... wo<,h - and '0 WOO my .. ' I"",,,,,t..degrtt of f"""SW" on 'he <""ng of inl" .... " " ()JO . JI ). Indeed. ,h~ gl~ or S'~ \S. for J'1tleS, • prim~ """se of "g,'S"""", of '"'e",.t. 11IOI"-,,ion .• nJ c.the.is lao! .""pI~-of ,m, "'rilCriy "charm ,h.I1 grow. in propor1l0" IS Ihc "1'1"'.110 i, ."d "r~lchc. and " .. i", II. pu •., il I"""crfully 10 , ... \
te,,,
''''"'>On (...
"""·.. rfull)·. it offers" durablo inlOg<' for d,,: ·hkh IS 10 Ny : ,''' '''ten''g of tho ,k,n) of prnonit'icd characlers. A. ,,-hen J.mes sus ". ,ag qUie, . I'm .....Lou. you"g man of admirable ,~." ",-ho oII"en
haho,.,iQn
10 ~ dt~racler wnom J.lnes h.d bolO" ba",ly w much .. im'gin~d, "Owen WinS""'" ncbuJO, is •• fiSU'" .nd. li>btt. ~ IOrm • • fMc., f.tt" (''J!I 60; fint empt... ... addrd). lind. of CDUtk. the 'nlma"on of cli>r~er by "">dUng. band up n•• b>clu.idoo h .... thn,erof it' "",'n; in ,h..._ , ,1M: flUl'P'" , ......ter: "1\0 pn,,-
kg.: of thr Idlcr of ..1<$ and lhe li>nJl~r of flUppru .. mort deligh,ful. or h>s ~ of lhc 'uspcll$e and thr 'hrill of. g~~ of dtfficulty brt.thkss.ly pl~ycd. th~n JUS! 'his buSiness of i<x:>I<,ng for lhe un..,.,n an.:! the occult. In • $Chcrn<: h.lf·gr:"l"'d. by lhe ligh' U'. SO 10 "PC.k, by Ihe dinging ""enl. of lhe gogc .Ir..dy in hand" (A n JU). The secnllh ' l chnSS 10 gl",..,.10 hand, I,> puppet may nm :lCCm p.1nkularl)' i"eJplirabk by ,his lime. II is the $nlcll of ~hit ,'"..,n as i, is 'he $mcll of .h,,,,,c. II i, Ihc Imdl of. cherished idcnmy IlI:rf",,,,,,d Ihrough a pro<eo. of luming Imide OUI.' Ckony. Ihe", .'" mOrt kxiron em"", IN. could be ....,...·n 10 "..".k on cump.... bk ""'Y' in the prt'focrs: [me",,,,,, only "'''TU. '·HEUn. GU" UIlS.
u .. e .... " •.
H" .~", " ....
TRUT"~"T• .,. ... ,,.,
UP."".....UllC" lhe HlcH/ u n
hJnd,
mute
Ulw,.cly, .,"'c
i"""..ly. 1<' jWllfy that cwm; ....Ul. "'''', •• it
"",,,, .• "",-:or1 end or .im of ooc', "",""'ng or <>f 't> (I'III'n n".
me""" conn<::XIO<>S; >lIuggko., el(h .. q...and ,n delia""", of ooc', f"I..N ;oJmotutory finger, fully and compktely
'0 eol""'" iudf. (0\" 1]8)
,'CI , hott",,,. ridtIy.he 'otIl "'>pOnds '" iC. th,. cumuLa.".., and ><cumU l>u,,,.I.,.icon -drit,,n ",.ding "''''''.. " a porlleulu, hen« a p:tnl>i of ",. J,ng - not ..,much btx.w.r " .. organil:.d around "suuili.y· as because il I~ org;rnized .round the scn .. nlic unl. To 5:ly ,ha. "is te.hered.o.he os much a. f.cil'l>1cd by • ",.drug .hat indulge. or hO
"'oJ
,""o",tkaJ oo·iancc.
".O.,E. U ... (v. ). co"n,,·•. TOGCHI ..C (adj.). .'CH . • , . , ..C
y.). • ·.. nE/ . ·.. '.,.. "".,.O ....TE, "."'Huon, ' 0." (n.), PAS<"" .. • nd 'O.UHo.n ... The ''''_y of .hese .. gn,6~rs ""'"..,,., '0. among other .hmS', the .onge of "'mol ' mu, obJect., body parts. .nd bodtly fan"""e> ."d pleasu",s dw;.mng h"",,~t ~Iy .round the fi>1ing pham>Sm •• ic: th.", a", Aickersof Ihe ph,lIu., Ihc WQ!l)b, ,he pr<m ••• , ... " 'eU .$ Ih. bo"'d and "WI: Akke,., belw""" >!c. dy .nd cl"" ••• ic rh)"h",s. be''''''''n In",rtI,,, • ",1 Il.'ecpli"",, between ac~umubllon and rdc.5<'. bel"·""" Ih" .110- and the au'otru.ic.. I hope il' evidenl enough Ihatlnc p,cl"oc •• do",.pond 10 Ihis ""y of ",.ding. ·whene1,.,t the nun
For m)...,I(. I am promptod '0 """, 'hr/ "uking" .... been.o my conscious...... 'hmugh!he ,,'hole ~ of,h;' ... _ . !he .... Cp,anoCtlruff.""
unfIn. ><cumui.t,.d good Sluff. of O<'cmlng """'endy .0 II"" ~nd g"~. {.In j4'1 '111e .implc>! truth about . hum", emilY, a '""'1""'" "".n"... _on beh.1f
"f" hith 'he cI.,m '0
OJ" ToS'"'fU'" a. a ,umming up, Th., .hlng IIr: ... t W'~nl fo be heard .. offer. ins here is a ", hroryofnomo>ou.lity." 1 n...~ non.r: and [ ....an. notlC. W""n
I ammpt 10 do some jus.ice.o I"" !ipCdf1cI.)·, .he richness . • 1>0\" aU.he "'plkll""" ofJ.mc•• particular er<)tia. It is no! wnh .n eye to "",king hr.m 'n atmpl"of ·homQRxu.U.y· ore,""n ofOll" · kind " of"hom<»Uual"y," Ihou!;h I cert.inly don 't ,,-om, eith.r. to make him ""und as ifhe ,.,,', gay. Nunclhol .... I do mCan Co nom", .. c 'he J.mcs of Ihe Ncw Yor!<. .diclo" preface. >s. kll1d ofp""OlYJlC of, noI ·homo$uuahly." bu. quccm<'$S, Or queer pcrfomlaCivl.y. In Ihi. u""S", ·'1uccr l"'tfoo-rnotiYily" is 11.. name of • Slt'lcgy lOr the production of rnc~n.ng..,d being. in ",I •• ion CO II>e afftct .nd .0 the Later.nd ",b,cd fKl of SliS"'" I don', know )"" WNt d.,,,,,, m.y be wO<1h ""'kmg. on.oIoginUy. abouc qUttr pctfur"""i"lly I h.,,, b«n dncnbUlg he",. ",ould " be ..... ful '0 >uggc" th •••orne of the ;woe;,.;o.u 1'", bren nuking ,,~th queer porfor. m.".,.;,y might Klually be katu,... of.1l pcr1Orma,I\1'yl Or useful. instud. IO. "ggcst ,ha, tM tr;m,fo, malion.1 g .. m """of"Sh.me ".. you" rna)' form <~tly part nf .he perfo,m.,;".., ac.i,·ity leen .. mus. intima.ely ",I •• ed '0 q Ueer"e .., by people ..,If ide""r,ed as queerl The usefulness of 'hi"kmg
"""me
.n.
.bout shome In rel.tion to) qucer- ~m",vtty. in ~"Y """nt. doo<s "'" COtnt from ilS .w.J>ng any utr. ctonainry 10 tM qutSttOn of ..... t Utt~ Of .>CIS may /)CO cb!.xd as "perlOmuu.,," or ","'t pt<>pI< may be: c~d .. "qucer." u,:led in the in,rodu,tlon a, the "to"ions" or abc:";lJt(c, betwe~n ",fc ... nce .nd penormati,·ily. or indeed between qucemeu and OIher .....y. of uperwmcing identity ant! !ktire,
: thc uri)" renurust upenmtnl) Wllh ,he n:anung and ,1O"'8"",ndu'g .... " thc sLnhead of .nSC'r .. a response 10 shame: ,be tncCSI """"'"On ~.
Rut I don't, el1lw:r. "''''''" 'o.sound U Ilw:tugh my project hu mamly '0 do ,,;,h reruper.Itl"g fur de<:onstatOO allliQ.senu.1lst proJI'cts)
If ,Itt "ructur.I,on of sh.me diffe .. "rongly bctw«cn cultu..". betwccn ptriods.• nd bel"ffn dtifer."-,, lOrn .. of poI,uc", ",,","'"CT. i, d:tffe .. ilia
a queeme5> drainN ofspectfimy or poIlIical ~rm,,,,,,. To ,Iw: £Ofltnry: I ... ~t penorm.u,""y "'lemU ofhabt,ual stutnt and ilS tran .. (onn.,;.,m op
somply from one pnson '0 .nother "~th,,, a g"""n rol, U'" and litnt. s..n.., of ,.,. I"fant •. child ... n. ~nd odul .. in " 'hom sha"", ren»ins tltt """" ...... il.IDle "",di~tor of identny .'" lit< ones ",Iled (a reLutd " urd) $hy. ("Rememboor 'he fifue,)" Lily Tomlin uStd '" ask. - No on~ ""5 g.y in [he: fif!;".: they w and chil· d",n, ,~ ,,~ scrtSt of idcn[iry is for oon,.. reason lYnN trIOSt dur.bly
tIt.,....
cit"""
motn-...
''''1 '0"""",, ''''Y
It ",em, hkoly ,hal ,he StfUCturing of o.-;.tiO!t • • nd . tt.chnt< n,. oround ,he olfec, sll.mr IS among ,hc m.m telling dIfferential' among cui. tu"".nd timel: not ,h" the entire ""rid (;in be d,vided betw«cn (.ul'fK* "dI)' primi,h,,) ",h.tnt cultu",J " and (suppoxdly tvOI,"
nent) of aU. S1utnt.I,kc "'Mr aJfcm '" Toml..,,·, uUSC' o f tbe tum. "'''''' (in di~ ... m people and also in d,ff,"",n' ruhu~) .ttaches '0 and po:munemly inte"",f"", oralters 'he meaning of of almu<1 .nylhing: 1 %""" of the body. a ""SO'1 .ystem . • p.ohihilcd or indeed a pe' mitted beha,·ior. onOlher .ffec ••ueh as
a lNC'U .... but • kind of("", radicll
t"',
anger Or arous:ol. a n~"'cd identity. a >«ipt for inl<rp .... ing olh~r f'«>ple's beh,..;or to\>·.rd oll~ .. lf Thus. on<: of (he thmp th ... n,..,...'. ch.racttro< pe ••onohty is is .... cordofthe Illghly individu~1 histoncs by ",llleh the /\«C •• ing emotion of shame luI tnS! 1'U,ed r~r """" durable. stfUClu.iIl chanS'"' in one', ... bttOnal and ttllCrpr('th" .,ratcgJCS , ........ rd bach ..,1f and <Xhe .... Which means. an"""g OIher ttungs. tha, thera""u.k or pobtical>tralC' gie • • im£d directly ., gening tid of indIvidual Or group sham<', or undoing it. h .." ",mclh,,,S P"'po!'tCNU' about them; 'hey nuy "worl " - they ttl'" ,"illly hove powerful dfect5 _ but 'hey ",n', "",k m the " "y 'h'1' $.). Ihey "'urk. ( I . nt think ing ht ... of. range of """",menlO ,hat dtill " 'ilh sh~me ... riously in .he fO.", of. (or '''''.'''''. the communal dlg~ity of th.. eml tigh .. _ment, ,he inJt.vidu.nng pn.J. of " SI...,k is Be.utiful" and ga}" pridt": ... nous fonru of n.,,,·;" ......." ...... ,' ,I><- """""mglye.hibtted dj'<"
' ,.n' " e!""cmolos,eal >In:IoS on , ruth.tcU,ng abou, sha"",; and. of coww.
:.ny m.nyOthc ...) The fOml$l. kn by sho"", arcnot distU1Cl "tOllie" f"~ of. group or individual ;de",;ty that "'It be clrtscd; they .'" ,n,..:ad tn
«gr.l lo .lId ....idu.1 in the proce""", by which ldenn,y. itself is f~ed. They .1<0 ,,·,1I.blo for ,he work of n,<,",norphu;I~. ",ftammg. refib'Ur.'K>n. ",,,.,figuration, aifccl;,,,.nd >ymbnlic lm ding ~nd defom,.lion. bu, per-
b;lJ'5 aU.00 p"'em for the: wo rk of p
W"'t
,"'t
'fUC
notc ofwnle. i. '" abou, ,bern (or us) mak~ thn ... mauu '0 b" >p«ili«ll me"" thai til 1M sen... tM' I ",n'l teU you """'" """"t it .. - II «:n~inIy ;.,.., a SUlgle thing- but abo In Ibe..,1I5e ,Iut, lOt to the
!hem. il ... m.ins to be lpedfied. '" aJ.... ys b"lated: the wme·dtline..ed I'loee of idenmy doun'l de,ermine (he consiJ.ency or m. ' '''''g of that iMn Ii.)". and r••e. g~nder. , I. ... St>u,l;t}". appo: .ra n,c. and .hlelructufCS of e~p"'ssion ...... ativU)" plcuu .... and >trusgl<:. I'd .'Cntun: Ih.t '1u_ss in this smx h ... at thi, hi.lorica! moment. 5OI"t>t dcfini.tOn.lIy '''ry signllic:an, "'''rllp. though a .-;branlly clastie and temporally ron,niuled one. w,th tltt rornpIcx of at · tribul e. t<>yneu.* Evcryone: l<no\I... Ih., , .......... son,.. lesbi.n< and g.y ,nen who rould ItC'o'Cr coun. :l< queer ' nd o'hor propl. who VIbrate ,he chord of quur W1lhoul h.ving much "nt< · ..,x ero"d'm . Or wilhout routing the", •• m e·sex eroticism Ihrough the id e"'i,y 1.b"I, lesbian or g.y I'e< m.ny of the penorm.,i", idenmy ,,,. n~cul..,.. th.t .. en, n'OSt rKogntubly "Hushed" (to u>C p.mc", wonll " 'I,h ""'me cono";ou.""", .nd sh.me '"' .tivity do du.. ertm lnutely around Ie.. bi' n a nd gay worldly s~.,. To namconly. f......, bulch aItjrction. femmi·
'0
'od<. lu,l\<,r. pn .... n •. ling. mll
=,.
J",n..s·' aomplc SUggU1S. ha. ,u ov.'n. l""'"erfully producti,~ and po••.-. ... fuUy soc"'! mclan""'phic poNbtlil..,.
fla'"'..g· And .«ivism.
SII."", ;n.. ",.", me poluically. ,I\<,n. btc~ust i, gso ry. produo;'",) minOthc:r. And ,hc con"giousnas of wme: is only f.oal".,~ by irs .... morphic. proI~an &\,sc'1"ib,lity 10 .xpresstve gro,nn,"rs. 1'10"", f. clS .uggc... Ilhink. ,h.. osk;nggood que.llon, .OOUI .ham" .nd lh.mc/~rformaliv;ly could gCI UI son""·h,, .. wi,h • kJl of 'h" rer.ldl.an, knoIs ,il:II ,;. the ..... I,... ""0 Ihc gulJ of itkn.ity pob,ica - yt"1 " ilOOUI <4rnr and ,dtn,i/ic.rion: p" ...... ps 'hOK." well. ofhumo...rnJ hu~, I'd .l",~ if l"'""n. hc.;e.lly. W'n' '0 .uggc.' ,hot 5hame/pcrform.n~;,y m.y g<1 us. 101 fu"h~. with .he dus'~ro{ phenom<:no generally coiled - ""'p· 'h~n
,...,f'" 0""""
""w
, ... norion of p.arody ".t!!. :and mol1: ' 00 ' .... n "iU any OppOSition be""""n "dtp
I, h •• been .11'00 eosy for the psy.. holog .... and Ihe few psych""".ly'" w","klng on WfTJI' '0 " 'n,,, il b.ck in.o ,he rnoraJl>rru <>f,he "'f""'Si'" hy1""""'is: "he.llh)'· or · unMallhy: sh.me can be ..,..n .. good boa""" il
,m
pcnc.""" pn'1ICJ.nJ ~m<)'. bad btc.u~ " coUudu ... ..,If-rep"""'" or $OC1:>J ""p""ss,on. Clearly. ne;,h", of ,\\est. ,...luarions IS ,,·h.\ l"m g<nong .,. I w.ttl", say 11,.1 a,le." fu.e.,,,;,, ("qu~cr· ) pc"!'l •.• h.me is 'in'ply ,he fir'S! •• nd rem.iru a I"',m.ncn, ... ruaunng fact of idt!n,,,y , one .ru•.•,
... aid ""'J load b<m pobIo>hN -I
~rndy Iwd til< m.n"."o 'Iook ",,·I.r>
,0 ,he ""rforma"',,,. bu. docs SO"'Uhoul ginng "':"
0I.:I...., ...k.
.....
,hor m""",,,my .... of ..... p>d !nu...,..rwl "'nn< ""'>< ~ "'" of "'" ......... <,~" "".., ,I>< m«.,,' /ru, .. , of on< "',I>0 ctwr· ("" ." 'fh>< _ ",~ ....... .....,."'--~EUPI""I'" ....1f«1. " til< I"""'I?' ~«I from """"""". "No dr.>0 tag 01 • __ .oon ~ . for
'" ... ""tity r",
,
1ht""""''''''<m
·""".m,,,,,.
' j udg<, h,,~ be11.rwl I. or it< be.. - (Ar' Jn~ "b ..... .".".nsly """I.., on "'" ..", ......
me"'·
~."""", , .... ...ttion '" "'" "<>f""! 11M- or cI.1>< .....u.inll purtU<1 Th< Wf"1, '", """""" "'''''II' I "",1<1 bt """. ~"""" ..... bod. up .."b til< nuU< ~ pI>r_ "1-#0101.1 I"""""- 01"", 11>:1 .!en ,""'. io "'" '0 ""~ry i"dr bu, ,~ , .... 1"'1"'''' fOm,. 01 ,I><..ric>t mtlodt. ml • ..oJ .ud""'" . ""1", 11 .""" b.11«1 on (I<>< .,.<M>< fl'l'P"""Y II< ,..., 01 ........ "'" ....,. ...Jurin& ...... b- )om<>: tint. tb.I! to. dod _ ...... ~'Iip ., til< C,.;t .n.. br dto<"b•• ,., _I><, p< ... til< •.i<1"5" of /itt ...J bk...:I ....! 'can· _ ' 0 . «>««1- Mo.'«)'
"'..,..! "'" "'*'".
"',hi> "....",
(A., .. , ). onrI ......,..j, ,I><
0<,_
"'or.
"""""",,,«1 b,,, on"" fir""'ir ~ ..~ ~ of
'" OWn. ""ficJ '" "., P"PU'" no,
ehnp"r 2 AROUND THE PERFDKMATlV E : PER TPERFORMATIVE VICINITIES IN N INET EENTfI'CEI
Bu!. in • I.'>.",. ..,0..,. ',;r con""t dcdic>te wr cannOt coo.«""'""- we C.llIlot hallow this I(rnund.
"Rut. in • IHgcr SCtlS •. v,,, cannot d"diC"~te - we CiUllOl conseCrJle - we Ca"nOl hall"w thi' ground: I begin with this :Ie",once'$ on. ofth. belt· known tx.n,plcs of 3 kind of uttennce. a<\\l,lIy common. Ih .. seem5 ",orth thinking mOre about. Tho unCfJnCO' I explo", in th .. eh.plfr do nOt fulf,ll the condi,;ons 'hO! 'he Briti.h philosopher J. L. Aust;n ~rtku · I.,td in his, l,ssie deseript ion of cxplkit p,m sin~,'ubr p,..sent mdi"""ve OCtive .• bout whkh. Auslin "y>, "it seemS dcar,h .. to un.r the :lemence {in. of course, 'ht "!'Propriot" circumstancc<) is no' 10 J.... rib< my dOing (. 'h;ng] ... or 10 " ... th .. I am doing it: i, is 10 do ;," (6). Eumplcs orth~ AU"ini.n p<'rfOTm.,ivc incl u
'''I)'
n"'g'
t.
:"~.ad. ,is t~t '~ all...... r~ Upl ... p"~ .... t"'" uu~nnas' nQ{, that It., "''' ""«."", they sometime> ""8". ,hem. th., thty do 'lOt ,hom..,!...,. f.J! on.o lrull category: thU$. -W,,~. a kick OUt 0( ~in •hos ground- or · We wish ..... hod comc(r'lcd ,, ' Oll: smtil>rly not p"rf,." rn •• i,,, un" ... ",..,. """" though (or. J am '''!;g0.,ing. cnClly bteall..,) th c.plici, ly ",fer '0 cxplid'pcrforn,.,,,,, ultcr,""e••. J am '"'"'' gOIng [0 mit the AU'linism of ;0.""""8 a "",,' no."., fOr
'i"".,
a:.
.h':II. though no< ,hem.d,,,, pcrfornu,;"~.
thty all: 4b"., perform" ,,"eS
and, n",,,, properly. ,I,., .hey dm.cr aro""d pr,form"i,,,s. Why might .hls he.n intorw,ng group'nl) to m.? M r 'bIc "'ptrt'"'"
"'""Ie
"""un
(u.,,'"
of cono:cprual moo.'tmenl5l1u. cndlesoJy WC;n., .M ~nd 1M p.... By rom ...", lhe Ioc,l"" •• of Ih~ pcrip"rfo,m.I"'t "' lodged in o IIItiaphori'" of 5p. <e. I>criptrfo'm31i,,, UII.n""rs o..,n·, juslabou, P'" form. Ii"" ullcnnca in • rctf:ffn" ..I ... nstc: Ihq d''''er around tlltm.1hq aR' ""ar 'Mm or nt.I. 10 lhem or (..,..'ding ~oirut them, IMy .... in the neighborhood of 011< pcrformolh't. Uk<: the ",·,ghborhood. in "'.1 elWe ad'.l"'ripc:rfon .. >lh't neighborhoods h.." prtSl'gious <.me .. (.he: uplio. ~rfOTm.Ii"" "II...."".) bUI no "tf)' find <m:umr.:"'n«>: )"'1 lhe: I""fri8" of ,he: rem.rulcnJ. u"",.,nJy....'to "lIJ""'hnahly Ihrough 1M ..... <.of the nclghhomood, h 5«mSICmpllng 10 us<: th~ sp;ui~l regiSlcula way of "ring 10 ..,figu re .. >me of .h. n\Ofl IIuhbo,n of lhe: issu ... he."lom artlcu",Icd O:ed and 10c>lperfor nlalj,;,), jj .1110 hkdy 10 off.r $(Ime neW COIICel'",al'ool. f<>r moving back .nd forth beN~n 'pe"ch act l!Ieo')' and lalking dr:Inuturgiocalperfornunc,,: idully. i. m.ghl ....,,, nuk<: room abou. pcrfol'nu,,,,, .ff«tt,·,.y in. ""y tho. ,,'OUkl no< ""ntroJuce ",,1><1' Intenl;o".l or dc$cr1~i...., f.n":I.". h aoo "rike. m. Ih .. ,hi, 'p.llah •• d.
ro..
".J th e p<'rformo.';",, " f..mewoR. migl" oIfer ~ ""'" ~1WIe and .r<>" , • )'S1h~n w~'",,- had"" f.r"fpushmg funhe:, wnh III< Ahl>U>KlUn "",nlO<""''' 11 · rily.a1ongWllh "'u<_fy•"" protUl.· "du.ll< ngo:. · '" A...... "' • g«" ofl'" t.. ... hol;'..... whkh " include lhc notion of . 10 nnk'. behaviour and fO,lUn~. and of .nnude. and c~p,c5SlOn. of pe-, , . .• "( ~ , 1 ..... 0 10
"
.""n.
""""
_..,--r
..,..,;0"
",he'
':! !Ill.,,:,"
"t".......
..........--!
_
Bul 10 do JUOIict 10.M perform.,,.., fore. ".1 as......r-:- '0 "' co, """" .. "'~ function of apressmg attnude<. ""I"nu, d ... mp;>C ' .~.~ " •.~,'" as wdl .. the act of uncr.,l r,h~~ ~ . .
d.", )'()u" "".nsibl)' in,·ol..." Imly .. singular first .nd "'ngular .JCcond per,on. il .ffcct ....I1)· depcnds .. well on the .acit denura.ion of lhe: 'p;><e of. Ihint'pc"",n plural. a-they" of " 'imcS$ - " ...., heror no< 1I,.,..11y praer>t. In d,ring you to perform lOme f""lhardy .ct (lrllS(' up""" yourstlf ... ",.11
,,', .. y. , Will') , "I" (hypothetically . ingul>r) ncctssanly in'uk •• COnfIll< rye. <>f OIh .... h inhe"" c)"'. through ,,·\tich you risk t...ng..,.", ..,.. ,,""; by !he .. nlfe loken. iI ;,: !U people ".1>0 stull' "'ill> me • ro,"cmpt for ....... ma. ,h'lllI<5<' olhen.", inIC'pcIL"cd. wi.h or ,,;t!IOU' ,"'"oonsrnt, by th. act I h"" pe,formed in d>ringyou . Now, th~ 1""'1'1•. supposing them ",ol.nd prncnt. may OT m.y not ,n fKl h"" any inl ...... in "'nctioning against WUWncH- They m,g.,. ind«d. .... m... h"s!>e " 'ussr and proudofi'. n..y nuy ",;.t, .ctr>"1y 10oppose. sod.1 o.der h .."d on ,,""'''mpt for Ill< wuss, Thty ",ay
"'Y
".
you On • >cal" of ""\1SS,,'''''' Thu'. "1 dJ1~ you" inmxcs the p""umption. bUI only Ih. p",ulllption. of. C.".,...n rus bet""..,n spc.klr.nd "';lJI<SS<:f. and 10 some "".on' t..tw..,,, .U of thcm and Ihe~. The f>K"'m~1On OS nnbod~ in Iht LICk of a formub,., ""gall'" ""1"""".0 "''''g dom! or '0 bctng u".rpdb,cd 0$ "'It ... ", '0 ~ d ... · In d.", ;,.n ""plicit peno.n.al"": to not ]I< d>n:d, to un
d,,,, <.>ncs
w",,', ,~Itt y<>u up "" h. Who "'" )'001 to <1.0", mco? Whoa"", ,,'lut you do", "'" to do? The fa.a,ullng l
"'P'''''
proper'y "fbeinS much less pro"" '0 bttomins """"ntional ,h,n the "",i. ,i.., perform "i,-e •. T"disime'pdl.,. from 3 peno.m ..;'.., $C.nc WIll u.u.lly
___ ) in ,he boola ... offered . s enmJ>lc> of,J... doff"",n' v,-'Y' ,h.ngs can _ _
,,' 11< •
..~ " ';,h pcrform.ll'" u" .... nreo (._g_. bonu ... ,,'. ''''. say. married ... ,.....
.,
o""'Y
.
6.. ' pi¥<: - hena ". perform"i,,,ly. ,"Oided to ...... ncc. ,,""" M 0.. Tln'\l:' "". \\\",11 pe.fo.ms .. lea.... ripk S"OlU'" ""h ""'!'I'ct '0 marri.ge:
,1\",
"''t''''''. no. on".he. e'pliri, p"rfo''''3,i,,,, nOr .imply Ihc n~g""'" of on•. bIll d .. n
in;13tHng mo.mg''''''us he.erosexu.1 d)".dic chun:h. and s,.\c-..oction.,.j ·,,'r .1 the dolinl"on.1 cemer of.n emire philooophical .,.j,Iie•. 11 Y.' Ill>''' ~ ...... the firs, n.,urU.ic device: of th.>., ph,losophy .he el .... of .hongs (<:.g.. po!-' rSQI"I.1 ch;;u";lC!ens,>o or object chole..) tha' un preclude or viti:",c m~.·
~..,"'" refusal throush ro-."nlicc - ,"" something -p"t "). If "''tu""" hnlc p"'",na of mind to lind the comfooubk formula ' 1 d.1", )'0\1: but • good
ronsITUCU 1M pMosophcr hlmKlf. 1M modern Soc ... , ....... a "",n _ p"'scn'.,.j .. hishly comic: - .... hooc ",t..,ion '0 the marru~:e ''''''. ,,;8
Ik.l """" for ,he d.... ~ ,."n,,., ,odisimerpdbtc ...,th "Ooo't do" on my account.Not...,h.kss ....,h (.,,' ..,' f'\",,,bl •. arc mack ~,ble by 'he ulle .... occ
il..elf, "nd to th.. eXttnt II i. necess.ry to und ... IJ"d .ny UIS.ance of " I d"", you" os coIJS,itYling • eri", in ,h. gmund or .~. of .u.hori,y qui •• .. much.s i, CO"51ituleS. di" ...,. act. for in donng Y"".1n unbce undr ... conscmwl naru", bothofthooc ,."Iu.tlons .nd of my O.... n .u.honty. To h ...... my do", g"""'.,.j ,,"h a peri. perfilrn'a,i'" wi'TICf.SCS· choru. of - 000', accept the d.1 ... on I)Ur ""roun' " w<)Uld ..die.lIy .l!cr .hf 10('. .1. ,he poli,k.1. .h e in1r.locutory (I-you.'h")') of our encounter. So. In a d,ffe ... ", """y. wl)Uld Y"'" calmly "aompli:shing 'he d.", and coming bock to me. in 'he .p;occ dcmarcned by the p ..""nre of ,he ..me witntS$ts, with the e~pccu,ion ofmy..-comph.IunS it.n ,urn.
,0 ....
""".he
'I'J..,"
Or I..... join AUSlin;n ....... ning '0 his fi .., and mo" "'n....... ,..J. "'K"-
ably the founding. =nlplc of.he Clplicit penOl"","'''''': " 'I do (IC_'.u ,Ins
'0 be my Jay,·fuJ ...."Cddcd ,,·;f.)·- •• utlered m.he cou.... of1M m.,.. rial,'" ceremony " (, ), The: n,am'gc: "."'mot,)"". indeed. JO cent .... lto t""
W"""n
origins of -perform>ti" ;'Y ' (g'''''' .hc ".-.nS •. dis.o,·ow"d hut u".ttenu • •ed !,",'I'$is' "nre of lor .....,'","'? in .h.. worl) ,h •• • n..:on. .au .... '. name for /I"", .0 Du Thing...,I. \\\mu migh' h .." been /1_ ,.. 141 ('" ...,.;,<) ./ d~" hodmlJ of win.II"S op GM1 m~rr "",,,,rd d... ~ ,.... . ",,.,..d "",. n..... true both bcca"", most of.he ", do-, (or - ' pronoun« ,hee man and
'i""...,,""",
~ge_ And "
be (HIe of COrIll"'ui,.., .• ~"'ntl)" "I"""'P" ••
"'PC:"""" and Y'" of ul"matl:
exeml"""" So. os Felm.n·, work in TIt. til,.",»' S"..m. /1« ronfi rnlS. the " 'e,,-d cen_ trality of the m'l'ri.g~ cumpte for pc:rfo.m.,il-i.y in g"n~r.1 i",'t enoly" Ii gn •ha, t hi~ tni" of ,II< ,ugh. is fo.edoomed to otu lfitinlloo In 5<xu.1 onhodoly. Au>Lin keeps goinS M elto ,h.. formul, "fil"S"persort slngu~. p"'sen • indio.h,,~cti"": And . he nurn.ge: =mpk: mili. me wonde •• I>ou,!be 'pp"rcJ111y ,,:.. unl w.y the tin'·pcnon >pe>king. K\U'g. and poonllng ...b ;m. g... comtitu,cd in rna..,.I," ,hrough. ronfiJ"nl 'W. lto .....'c au· .hom}'. ,hrough the calm .n,erpellation of ",hen ~n' •• . hr",'gh thel<.>gic of the {hc.eroKXU.l )supplcmem whereby ind,,;dual
"w.,,"".....:
."d
. ubj«';"" agenc), is b'UJr.ntced by .he welding tnto' cross-gend •• dyad. The ... bjen of "t do " ' s an "1- only iI1$<Jf.r •• he or she . ....1111 in becoming 1"" I1f . . .nctioncd. cross·gende. - we" SO const;,u,cd '" , ..... f""C5Ce of a -'hey": anJ lhe I "Jocs. - or h .. 'S"1lCJ In the m." ... r. only by ",u. lly mysti(for ","Inch no pronoun ohultJS) fying.,-, ....",;de..llfic•• ion v,ith 'he: of >Ute
P""'''''
Any quo:c, W"'.>"'SI"'gg!cd '0 anin.il ••~ IU frit:nds or f~mdy "'by he: or <M ""'"" them bul jusl J.,...,,) ''''~I 10 Irr~, I~n. ,.....u'''l kno-o.. from ,he !poti.lized d yn.tmicof compulsory wi'"eSSlha, 'he mor,,~~.. u,emon~
'lUi""
;nv<,k« . CompullOry w;lneSlS n01 Jus, ;n ,he::IC'nR ,h., you .",,,'1 .lIowcd 10 .men. YOUr:l('lf, bu. III .... w.y r1.., • much fuU .... me''''''g of " ..itnQs" (. fuller.,.,.. ,ha" Au ..", ......" ."'.,,) gel< .C1n·.,W in .his protOl)'p"a1 pn. form.",,,. I, i. thc constituUon Q/" . community Q/" W'tnCS$ ,h.. In . kes 'he tn .. ri.~;.,: the sil.nee of w;tnc .. (we don', 'p<:.k no.... we fo",'", hold OUr
puce) ,h.. p<:nni" it: the b."" ""g"""', "",en, bu, undiKn'tOO<'JU)' spttch act of one', phpoul presoen« - nu)"bt ...."'" aptrioolly .... pn:M:1"I« of"""" pc:ople ",hom ,he ",.. imUon Q/" n,.,ri'ge defines ' ...... I( by ""duding- that ratifies .nd ",eru,tJ thc legit,,,,,,,,y of its pnvilcge. And 10 . "end, aJ we h.,,, bten he",. 10 ,he: ~,ialized
""'''''gr,&'",
.l w. )"' nell . bu,;, i, .rue 'h" I. ltJ """." lik~ " pl~y. "'"rri"g<: ~.;ru in .nd for II", eyes of Olht:rs. Orw: of the ....".. inr:r.Id,c;able IOIk boo· lien of'he "",mc:d S«ms 1o boo lhat ,I IS no ",.ne-r.of-f:loCl ,hOng, bu. rather
"g"'"' privil~gc (or .n)'OI1~ 01.., 10 bthald. " 'eddmg or. ",.rried roupI~ or 10 bo< pri vy 10 ,he,r ..... ".,lJ-;nd "ding opprosi •.,. o r .bu,i,,, soc"',,, the pon.ble pUPPC:' 'h,,",e.ofPuoch .nd Judy. bu, .Iso ,he .00..'1 open _ of the "h.ppy m.rri>.g<:_" un ,he rno>$t 1 ",I.,ion rom'nu .. '0 b<e profoundly " •• rpcd by the force ~rld of lhe ""nloJ pr
"'pe"
I
bW"
of Io>qoo.-cy or snrify>ng Kend rha. nl
".-")",..
.
~
,--
.U<-". '" )'-''' from ,hem.)
":'Think of.lI ,h" Vk,orian ~Ls "'hose ,..u.1 pi<>< clJm.. u. r>OI in the .......' of .><:ed: " 'hen the fiKI of. flUrri.agt"·. ",>tn" .. b' • • I'I',,,"SS , ..SCI 10 be a p:lC'UdoseCrcl or.n "pen ","efCI .nd beeom.. u,·"a _ ' . bond of m u,u, ln y witl. """,W'''' OUlJ.dr ,hc ",.rn.ge: ",hen ...-om.n ~, or in,illlates tor"1IClhmg obotI, "ner nurn.g<:" '0. friend or 10>", rha, 1 ",r.Kklng and eplSltnlOlogi<:~1!y ,II<: -bigg<:It" mom"" .. Of,M ""rriage novt:l. Such ~ tc~' , Ih~" . • Lsowns,,,UI .. an c. plo· ..lion 01 ,nc possible grounds "nd pc:rforrn.uw "",enl,.1 of pc:riperform.· ,......... f.... l:5. frxtu",., ...,,
The emire plO! of Henry J''''ci. n.. Gol,r ... Bew/. for ins,an,c. is .. me · ,u",d by an Clltr..ordin.ry pc:npcrformau,,, .,-;, utre",d by Ch.rloue S"n{ 10 Pnnce Amerigo, II<:r CI·Io>-.:r, ""hen sl-IC h:lf persu.ded tum to >prnd :an .fiern""" aJoo", ... Jlh hcr on ,he ~vc o fm. marri.ge 10 , nI",",r "''OmlJn. - I J",,', c. ",,, h., you m,ku,(it . • nd I dun't .,lony,hing "+o..",,.o[you .ny,hing bul 1M. 1 .... n. '0 N'''' oaid ;,-tho, '• • 11; 1 wonl no< 10 Iu...- foiled lO .. y iI . To _,.... once.nd bt ...nh you. '0 bt ...." an: ....... arod ......
USOt 1 h"'" t..d fur "'«'u in my ""d. 1 me.n, of 1 r... got. T1W iI. ......., I shaU . 1"-' 1.h"", Th .. is wlu.I I lhoulJ ha .. mioKd, of rou ....:
"'.u ..... "',.. i•. .
I hoJ.o
,.u the n.... WeD, you'",.n 1could h"'"
l>Opthout tht leaM [.,JUrt of..".. or "qu:
