Tibetan Quadrisyllabics, Phrases and Idioms
Acharya Sangye T. Naga and Tsepak Rigzin
LIBRARY OF TIBETAN WORKS AND ARCHIVES
Copyright©1994: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives
First Print 1994
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No portion of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission of the publisher.
ISBN: 81-85102-90-2
Published by the LIDrruy of Tibetan Works and Archives (L1WA), Dharamsala, (HP.) 176215, India, and printed at Indraprastha P11~ss (CB1) 4, Bahadur Shah Zafar Mug, New Delhi-11CXX>2.
Publisher's Note A very important element of Tibetan language which has provided life and beauty in the evolution of human thought communication is its rich repository of Idioms and Phrases. It makes for conveying a point or idea just in one single idiom what could not be expressed in so many prosaic sentences. Efficiently effective and melodious, it is very commonly used among the older generation Tibetans. New generation of Tibetans are not very aware of the importance of this aspect of the language. It is feared that if our generation can not preserve this rich aspect of the language, there may be a danger of losing this richly melodious aspect of the language. Therefore I impressed upon its importance to Mr. Tsepak Rigzin and Mr. Sangye T. Naga to bring this work to light. I am thankful for their response and labour of love. It is hoped that this small effort will contribute in some way towards the enrichment and preservation of the Tibetan language.
Gyatsho Tshering Director. January 1994
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Compiler's Note I joined the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives on August 1st 1991, as a member of its Research and Translation Bureau. One of the first project that was assigned to me by both Mr. Gyatsho Tshering, Director and Mr. Tsepak Rigzin, the then head of the bureau, was this small collection of quadrisyllabics, and idioms. The Library· felt that this type of book was needed for its language students, therefore in 1980 LTWA obtained Mr. Jampa Choedak's initial collection of idioms from Mr.Pema Gyalpo. These idioms and phrases were added to the collection being prepared by Mr.Rigzin, whose· sources were derived from various Tibetan articles, books, most notably from His Holiness the Dalai Lama's public speeches. Having entrusted this project to me, I worked in the sincerity of being able to motivate and aiding individuals, who show a keen interest in the Tibetan Language, be they Tibetans or Westerners. For further information, one interesting article on quadrisyllabic phrases, entitled: "The Phonetic Structure of ABCD Type Words in Modern Lhasa" 1 and one chapter on "Phrases" in The Classicnl Tibetan Languagi' are suggested. In addition, the following Tibetan language books are also recommended: Modern Tibetan Language Vol.I & JI3,
A Basic Grammar of Modern Spoken Tibetan 4, Essentials of Modern Literary Tibetan 5, Modern Spoken Tibetan: Uzasa Dialect6, Textbook of Colloquial Tibetan 7 and New Plan Tibetan Grammar and Translation 8•
This book is aimed to act as a bridge between the so called literary and colloquial language. Therefore, it is sincerely hoped that this book may be prove to be a source of guidance. Lastly I wish to thank Mr. Tenzin Dorjee, the senior most translator at LTWA, for his assistance in editing this book. May this book help the reader to skillfully master the Tibetan language, whereby one can read both the classical as well as the modern Tibetan literatures!
Acharya Sangye T. Naga Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, Dharamshala, H.P. INDIA.
X
"1'~~·~~·~1:.11
primordial purity with spontaneity/primordial
purity with self-perfection
"1'~"1·~~·~Cl·~·~r::.·5S~·"l~r::.·~~·
... ... .... "l~r::.~·CIQ.'~Cl·~.r:fr~~l The 'primordial purity with spontaneity' is a philosophical view in the Nyingma tradition (of Tibetan Buddhism).
Lit.: decorating pillars with pine
branches/ Sense implied: unnecessary aids "1'Cl~'Q.E.l!l'5S~·
'tl i 'CI' Cl! Cl'CI' ~·~~~ ·3(-~·Q.~ 5S 'cN~'5SF3i'OJ'if~ ·5fC!~f t5l'tf~'CI'~'~l Decorating pillars with pine branches is such as giving one hundred rupees to someone who has thousands of rupees.
,.,-~.iJ~:f~ complication/controversial issue OJ~'"l'Q.~.Q.~Cl· CI'OJ'"fi'~·mr::.·~lll·5Sr::.·CftN~·~~l There are many complications in accomplishing this task.
1·~·1-~1 "1'~.,-~.S~'CJl "l·~·,=~·r.t"l~'CJl
dilly-dallying! to
complain or make some excuses fC~'fr::.·s~·~~·"l·~·,=~·5S·s~l Do not dilly-dally while studying.
"1~·~·,.-~·~·l concave/ uneven/ a land with many holes ~· 5S~'~'OJ5S'"1C.'~·1r::.·~·l'l!l·Q.~Fl"l'Cfi;r::.·l It is difficult to go through the uneven mountain passses of high lands.
~~·~~~·cN·.:q~l
omniscient wisdom/all knowing wisdom
~r::.~·!~·4J~~Cl·CI~·~~·5Ss;·~·J1~·arCl~;·;~·to;i~ ·~l
~r::::C:f~::~~J\1 Buddha Shakyamuni turned the first wheel of Dhanna at Samath through His omniscient wisdom.
~~·~~·~~·;f'lql someone who commands universal faith and
respect/admired and respected by all vafr:::~rv!~::~~·~ar~-~~· ~~~~·t:l.e:~·m~:.·~~:.·~rar~:.~·z~~-~~-~~-il~·a·~s·t:l.~~·t.\J~:.·~.Q)·~r~.Q)· ~~~ His Holiness the Dalai Lama is an able and honest leader who commands universal faith and admiration from all Buddhists throughout the world.
~~·-f~·~~-~:1\ l. moral improvement/ethical reconstruction .Q)~~-~-~~·f~·~.Q)-iJ\·s~·"'·Cl!·i".Q)·~J\·J\~:.·~·~~·f~·~.Q)·iJ\·s~·~ar~t One needs to improve one's own moral conduct before improving other's morality.
~~·f~·jfr::r~ifr giving moral guidance or training ~~:.·§~·"'~· ~~-~~-~~·f~·l'lll·f~::~·.Q)~l!l~l:.'~af~! Moral guidance should be given from childhood onwards.
~~·'4~-~~.:~~lql tradition of universal welfare l'~'!Cl!'~~:.·
l:;l~~-li~·~·~~:;~~·~·~~1!Cl!'~~-~~-~~·~~:.·~~~·~·f~~·~::~!~:.~l King Songtsen Gampo ruled his empire through the tradition of universal welfare.
~~·~lq·~~~·~~lql jack of all trades and master of none/ if~::~· f~:.·s~·"'·~-~~-lll~~·~·~·t:l.~Cl!·~·~~-~~-l!l~.Q)-~l!l~·a~lll·~·~~~ If someone does not focus on the point of one's studies, one will become a jack of all trades and master of none.
2
,.~.Z31~-~~r;:.'Z31'7~"ql Lit.: The boatman decides where the boat goes/ Sense implied: the one in power makes the decisions ,.~-~~-~~c:.·~~~·e~q·a.~.qra·dl~t The boat is in boat man's hand where to lead.
,.IIZ31"ti"~·qt
to let down/to betray some one's trustlto
disgrace rr;c:.·~"'·~·~c:.·i~·-.·r.~.~~·c:~!~·~~-~c:~61·!a.t'tz~"!c:T·F~·,.ll~· f~·if'c:.·t- Today he let the team down in the match at the last
minute.
,.IIZ31'~~~-~~l
Lit.: to drop the end of a rope/ Sense
implied: letting down a cause at61·~~·ar~{~·~c:.·;·~c:.·~~ SIF~·~·laras-.r·~~-ar,.ll~·r.~.~61·~~-~~c:.·~·~~~ People who play double deal will drop their end and fail in their work.
;=~·Z31%z:tr~~rs~·q~-~~-~l
Lit.: cut from the same cloth (leather); a chip off the old block/ from the same mould
e·~~-~·r.~.afr.~.~~-~"'~·e~·l-'as·~c:.·ir~·ll·l-.r·~~-i-.r·~~-z·SI·~~~
~c:.·
as~"'·a~-~~ ~-~·,.c:~·~~~-~"''S"''e~q·a~·s·~-~~-~~1 Tibetans do not trust even the new Chinese leaelers because they are just a cut from the same cloth. ~·zi1·~Z3l.~l curved/zigzawwindinwoblique 61'SI'f-.r·as·~·asSI·~-~5"~·~·Sic:.·~Oic:.·t There are many winding paths on highlands.
~Z31·~~~-~Z31·~~~l beating around the bush
ll·~C:W~-~~-~"'·
~~"'·~ar~"'c:.·cr~·SI·c:~~~-e~~·~~-c:~~~-!~·c:~~~-~~-z·r.~.~~ Those deceitful persons were beating around the bush without giving the information clearly.
3
~c:.·~·~~.:~·l furrowed/ ridged if~·~~;·~·o.J·~·~~·~~·c.t·~~·~·~~·~·
~-9·~~'9
~c:.·~·~c:.·~·l
The beggar has an old ridged pot.
erect or standing! upright/ towering! tall and
6~·~~~·~·~·&1·~~·~·~~'9·!!~·~·~~·~·s~·~·~~·~·~~'9 The neighbours cat looks with erect ears.
thin
~~·-o~'SC)'{ daily duties/customary duties/regular routine ~;·~~·~'9· 3 :.;.·§~·ifo.J·~~~·.?f:.;.·~·~,~·;·ar~~:.;.·~~·Q.J~·~;·'!;·~~·
~~~·~·~~~
If daily routines are perfonned unfailingly, then
the year's work will be accomplished naturally.
~~·~~~tt-r21j ~z::l·~~·21j S'9'~'9·~~'9~·Cf~~'9 lasting.
:IIC)'~c:.·~~~(q'z::l~C:.'l
durable/ lasting s·~a.s·~·:.;.~·a;·~·l-~· Foreign clothes are very durable and
hardliners/ stubborn/ orthodo)q'
conservative ~'9~·c.t·~~·~'9·~·i~·~·~s~·~~~1 aJ~·~~·~~-9~· ~~~·!j·i~·~·~s~·&l·~~·l One should follow right reasonings but not conservative people/hardliners.
:II~·,·tN'c:.·~~l the background of the dispute ~·~~·~~~·ali'"l' af~·'9~·~·~~~·~\r:~·~'9~·-19~·~~·~~'9·~~·o.J·~~i·i~·§~·1 The background of the dispute in the case is the divisive act of some foolish people.
C),Q.'C:.OJ'ISC)'z::l(q-C)l
overcoming the difficulties with courage
4
-r~·~·~f(~·~·~z:.·'i,r.l.'::.a.!·rs~·'J~'i·l'l:l1·~·.:!1~·r.l.G.ll:Jl~·~a·~"'~·~·r.J'J~1 Thonmi Sambhota visited India by overcoming the difficulties of extreme climate with courage.
~"ll':l. ·~a.rQj~~·aJ~1
facing difficulties/bearing the burden!
willingly accepting the difficulties z:!1~~·G.l~·~·~~·~·'i1t":l.'t:.'1!' 'iz:.·~·ciJ~·,.r~·gz:.·il&J~·~·f'i·~·w~l It is a Bodhisattva practice to accept difficulties willingly for the welfare of others.
~"ll':l.'~
struggling through hardships ~'i·~z:.·
'Jt~·i"''J·~·"'~''i1t":l.'t:."'''&Jt:.'al~·r.l.il'J'r.l.E:t:.·'iaf~·~·w~l We have to struggle through many problems in order to get independence.
~"ll':l.'~
to create troubles and burdens ~·~·
ti\t:.~·~·l~·~z:.·~·~z:.·OoJ·'i1r.l.'t:.OoJ't::!~t::!~·~~~·t::!a:~:!'~'i1
Bad and naughty children create troubles and burdens in their homes. ~
~"ll':l.'~
various problems
C\,
....
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'i&Jl:ll~'~a.!·~~·~·~~·r.l.~'J·~·
'i1f.l.'t:.OoJ''i'&Jt:.'~~·f.l.~'i·~~·~·
One has to counter various problems in order to accomplish a great aim.
~"ll':l.'~
to solve the problems completely S'i·~z:.·
~''i"Jf.l.'t:.OoJ'~&J~''iS'r.l.'E:~·&Jl'~·~~·.:!1tt:.·il
~"ll':l. ·rQ]· ~~·t::~l"tr.r1
intentionally created problems 'i~·s~~·
~~·'i1r.l.'fi'~·.I; 'i''Ja~·s~·z:r ~ &J ~·&J ~~:.·& z:rl:l·'iz:.·&J ~&J·Q.~~ ''J''iaf~1
5
One should not get deceived by problems intentionally by enemies.
~''Y~'$~·~~·~~1
created
courage and diligence/ perseverance to
endure ~"l~·s~·~r:_·~~·C!~~·~~·~1 19'C!'~r:_·""r:_·~"l~·C!·i1~1 1 No work is difficult provided one has courage and diligence.
~"l~·s~·~~·~~1
stoic endurance/ austerity ~~~·~~·?f~·
~~~· ~ ~ ~·C! t~·flr:_ ·~·~,~ ·s~·~ ~·~ ~·~ r:_ ·ar:C!!C!·~·5r:_ -~~1 Tibetans in Tibet experienced many painful austerities in prisons. ~"l~·s~·z::~z:::ra;~~1
hard working and simple way of life
~=:,%,r:_'~o.j~·~~·a-r~"l~·C!·s~·C!a~·c.rt~·~·=~·s~·o.j~·~~r:_·~r:_~·~~· ...,..
~'C!C!'c!l~~·~;~·~~~
He is not only hard working but also maintains a simple way of life.
~"l~·s~·~z::~~·z::~g~1 steadfast perseverance ifJJ'Ool'~"l~·s~·~C!~· J:Jf'~·~1 1~·~~-~~·~111~~-~%,·CfDfr:_·1 1 One will have a vision of the deity very soon if one perseveres steadfastly in one's meditation.
~"l~·z::~·(~·f~1 ~~·z:.rl~·f~l work hard now and enjoy the fruit later i~~-~"l~'C!'!\~·j'~1 1~·~s~·!~·"'·i~·~·f~ll A wiseman works hard first and then enjoys happiness consequentially.
~"12\'~~·af~~ Lit.: to confuse white from black/ Sense implied: to confuse right from wrong! misunderstanding
6
CJ!jCJ"9""1.3CJ""l.a':r3J·::~!;·;t ~;·ar~"l~"i"l"af{"l·c)fr:_·l One would confuse right from wrong if the instructions were not given dearly.
~"ll\'~9·o.s~·~l Lit.: a mixture of white and black/ Sense implied: to have both good and bad qualities/ ~·~~·;~:_·~·
~~·~"1·~3J~! Q!~·~"1~'i"l'~s~·3J~·~s~·s·tt);t The happiness and suffering of this life are the results of good and bad actions.
~"ll\'~9'Cl~~·~~l
right and wrong! true and false ~"l~·~r:_·
~3J~·::~~"l·~;·Q-it l~"l~'i"l'::~~;·,;·~s~·~·"lif'Q!t 0! magistrate the holder of the law; kindly discriminate between the true and the false.
~"ll\'~9'-t:l~·o.§~l
Lit.: distinguishing white and the black/
Sense implied: to distinguish right from wrong sc_·~· il"l·~~-~"1~-;~·.tl;·~s~·~~~ what is right and wrong.
~"1.1\'Qo~"ll\'~~·l
An honest eye can distinguish
pure white/ complete white ~f~3J~"l·;~·§·
CJ'~"1~·Q-~"1~·~r:_·"l~~·~a"l~·if'r:_·l The lord bought a pure white chupa (Tibetan traditional dress).
~"1J:.'2:f§~·~~·~~·~9·2:f~J:.·~~l
promoting the white (right)
and putting down the black (wrong) ~3J~-~~;·;~·~"1~·Q
~;·~~·~~·;"l·Q-~~·~~-~·~s~·rs·"l~~·~CJ·~·~~~ The judge can issue decrees to promote the white (right) and put down the black (wrong). 7
~"l~·it~~·~9'~1::11 Lit.: white mind is veiled by black/ Sense implied: a virtuous mind is obscured by a negative appearance ~~·c:.~·~lll~'5.J~·~~·t:l.~:l\1 ~"1:1\·ij=~~·~;~~· ~5.1~·~5.1~1 ~lll·ij=i.l·~~~·~;~~~;~·~c::1 In this period of (five) degenerations white virtuous thoughts are veiled by black non virtues.
~1~·9~~·s~·Q~~·~f~·~9·~1
9it~·~·~9·Cll·1::1;e::w~·~
The over industrious monastic caretaker may turn the golden statue into brass. a.s~·~~·lllc:.·a.s·~c:.·~~·~lll~·~·sl!l·~·~1~· lll~:l\ ·s·l;l~:l\ "5.1f~·Cl~·lll~:l\ ·~·:1\lll·a.s·~;~ryc:. ·~;~~·~~·~;~~~·~~:. ·1 If someone is over-industrious in one's work then it will resemble the over-industrious caretaker who turned the gold into brass by rubbing so much that gilding worn away.
~~Cll·~Ff~·Q~~~·c.q
construction of a mandala
~~·~·~~·
5.1l'~·fc:.·~·s~·:l\~·lll~lll~·~·~~a.s·t:l.~:l\·lll%lll·~;~~c:.~·~~·1 A mandala of Avalokiteshvra is constructed at the Tibetan Library.
~~9·~~·~§~l·~1
to incite/provoke dispute/to create
dissenstion ~~·i.l·~5.1~·~·i.l~·~~lll·~c:.·~s~"f:l\"~·lll~~·~~;~c:.·~·~5.1· ~C:."5.1"il't:.·~;~·~.af~1 Tibetans should never be overcome by the divisive provocations of the Chinese.
~~9·9;~·~~9·~~·1.
to provoke through rumours/ to stir
up trouble through divisive talk l!l~~·~·~~~rl!l15.1"~~~·~c:.· ~i~·~·t:l.:JC:."~·~~·~ia.s·a.s·lll~~·~·~~~
It would be detrimental to the unity if someone follows others' provocative rumours.
8
~~'ll''ll1~'~l''fJ
rumours spreading abouV to spread
n 1mours ~~· ~~~~-Cf~~-z:.~~-~~Zil'Zllry~·~lll'~~Zil
~~~~·z:.t·~~·
t.ll'IJ I heard a rumour that you are not getting on well with one another. Is it true? t:l"l'll'Q~o.r~-~~
hoarding for gain f!'a:r~~~-~Cll'Clllll'~J:.lll'~lll·
~· "1 "\' ~lll' 2Z31' ~ ·~ l'~:. ·z:.~ J\ ·~"1Z31'~! a.r·~·~-CIJ'Slll'~~:. -~~·~slll·~·~~:.·1 Last year, although the co-operative society kept the ma1ze crop com for profit by not selling it on time, but it was not beneficial.
t:l'1'll·~~-~~~-~~l
contraband goods/ prohibited goods/
illegal goods ~·?t~·lll·~ffi~lll·~a.r·lll·Cll·Fflll'~"1Z31'~~·~~lll'(lll'~~lll· 0..
~~~·~·~~Z31
He did not show his contraband goods at the Sino-Tibetan border check-post
t:l'19'Q~:I\'~&l't:J~~~l
restriction by stopping & inspecting!
stop and check control ~J:.'lllJ:.'lll'~ffi~lll·flZ31'Cll'~"1Z31'~.?1J\'~~· ~~Z31lll·~~·crs~·~·~~Z31· They are imposing strict restriction by stopping and checking at the border areas these days. CJ'1CJ'CJ'1t:l'CJ~t:J't:J~t:ll
to conceal or obliterate J\J:.'~·~lll·f~·
CJ"]CJ'~"1~·~~~·~~~·slll·~~:.·~~·~ZI)'Z31~~-~lll'.?1lll'~·~~~ Even if one conceals a fault, others will know it someday.
CJ'1q·CJ~~·~9~·~
to reprimand or warn! to upbraid/ to
come down on someone ~:.~·~Z31lll'~lll'2'~Z31·~i~·t~:.·"l~·C1JZ31lll'
9
~-.r'r::t"1~·r::t~~·l:Tl~~·i:!~·r for having smoked.
t:::l"l~·~~·~~c:.:~t:.'l
The teacher reprimanded my friend
to discuss/ to confer 4l~'O.Sl:!l-.r·~~·~~·41~·
~~·ifl:Tl~-.r·r::t"1~·~-.r·l:Tl~~·ij~·l:Tl~~·~·~sl:Tl head-master are conferring.
The teacher and the
t:::l"l~·~~~·OJ·~ql'~~l
Lit.: to put a patch on the Kangyur/ Sense implied: to make an unnecessary contribution or
correction r::t"1~ ·~~.1\ 'OJ'~~·CJJ~·r::t~r::t·~·~·~~-.r·it~·~·s·r::t·~l:Tl·~ ~1 It is an unnecessary task to put a patch on the Kangyur (the collection of the Buddha's teachings). t:::l"l~'t:::l~~·~·f3t:.'l
temple of Kagyur and Tangyur r::t"1~·r::t~~·
IJJ'f3~·~~·~·5l:Tl'~C3·r::t~·~l:Tl·~~~·?fr::t~l:Tl..,.~~1 Hundreds of scriptural texts are found in the temple of Kangyur and Tangyur.
t:::l"l~·~~·~t:.'t:::lot:.~l
remembering one's kindness ~·~~~·r::t"1~·
s~·~l:lf~·~~·~·')s-.r·~·r::to~-.,·~~-.,1 parents' kindness in the heart.
t:::l"l~·~~·r:::~~~·.?t~l
One should always feel
to acknowledge kindness/ one who
knows how to repay the kindness l:Tl~~·OJ·~~·~l:Tl-.r·§~·~r::t·~11 r::t"1~·s~·r::t-.r~J·.?~-.r·a.s-.r·~~·~~·n There will be acknowledgement of one's kindness if one can help others.
10
l:!"j~·~~:~r::.~·~·il~·~·~:~~·s~·~r::.·l The subjects will have happiness when a good chief is enthroned.
CJ'Ty~·g~r~~~n:3~~1
an anthology/ selected writings vafr::.·~·
!>ll'lll·~·lll~r::.·f'!>l·lll~~·~:~~~·~·~·slll·~~:~~·~~~lll
The anthology of His Holiness the Dalai Lama's speeches and writings is very easy to understand.
CJ1"-"CJg·~~~·~2\1
to keep or abide by the law and order
iJ·r::.~·i:·~r::.·~~·~:~"l~·~:~i·~!>J~·rs:~;.·!>J·s~·~·ifr::.·~r::.·r::.·l'a!;r::.·!>J·~r::.·a-r~s:l\·
.....,
~r::.·1 Some bad people did not abide by the law and that's why all of us are ruined.
CJ1"-"
"'
~-~·~ll"l"ll"l~r::.·lll~·~·OJ~·~r::.·f-r~OJ·~:~·~~~
The Chinese government gave a rude rejoinder to a polite message from the Tibetan government in exile.
"" CJ,.,q·Ql~-~~·~~1
.tmme d.tate ora I rep Iy
~::Cf&·~:~:~r::.·taOJ·z:n~,...l 'I · 1 "' 1 -1
s·~:~~·~:~"l~·a.!~·~1:11·~~·~~r::.·1 Good leaders are open by nature. They give an immediate reply to one's questions.
CJ,.,"-.ruCJ·CJ~2\·CJi~~1
revised talk/ edited speech vafr::.·~·
!4~·9-~:~"l~·f~:~·~:~!!~·~:~~lll~·~~r::.·~:~·~·'5\lll~r::.·s·sOJ·OJ~·rsr::.~·~~·fJ:I\. l:!!i~-~~1
The Department of International and Information rc't1tions of the Tibetan-government-exile published the edited speeches of His Holiness the Dalai Lama.
11
Cl"l~·ifz:~rac:r~
profound advice if~·iJ·~=-·~~·vQf=.·~·~l'~·~·
~;~"la.·jf~;~·.a:::rif~~~·a.r·jfc:rf=-·U>J~·Cf~~=-·~Qf~l
All Tibetans should study well the profound advices of H. H. the Dalai Lama.
Cl"l~·~~t:.·~t:.·a:t~r
to comply faithfully with an order ~=-·Cf
~=-·*1~·~~=-·~=-·1 ~;~"la.·~~=-·~=-·~~·~~·l'~l comply with your orders faithfully.
Cl"l~·~~t:.·~·~c:~r
Be honest; we will
to do whatever one says/ to do as
advised/ to act upon their orders/ to be very obedient il·=-~·~Cf~·~·~;~~~·~~·~l
~;~"la.·~~=-·~·~~;~·~·il·s~;~l If bad leaders
are appointed we cannot act upon their orders
Q~~·~·~·~l
to respect and honour/ to offer service a~·~·a.r·
1;1~~·~·~=-·~a.r·f~;~·a.r·~·~·~·~Qf~l teachers and serve the nation.
s~;~·~~=-·s~;~·~f~·~~·~~·~,-~·~a.~~ competent instructor these days.
Qi""~·r.r~\Qj
One should honour the
It is rare to find a
well made/ well arranged (e.g. a building, a
craft work) well set ~;~1~·CJ·~~·~·~a.r·fc:.·a.~1 g=.·a.~l
~~·~·~~·CJa·?;
This well set castle looks like a magnificent mansion.
1;11~·CJ·~~·~·~l'~·CJ·a.~~~ ~c:.·~~;~=-·iJ~·CJ~·&l~·~~;~c:.·a.?f~ This well arranged offering irresistibly attracts every mind.
12
t:l~]"~l'ri&T'Q't1\T.1\'~~l31~l
to make excellent progess/ success
after success tJt~~'OJII''(~T~iQ]·~::~iarc)f'~·~l
OJll!'~~·~::~'.!l·~-.r2tJt·
r:.t't"f~'Q.lQ]lll'c)f'c:.·l There will be excellent progress when there is unity and friendship.
t:l~·~~-t:l~·Cll31~l
good-luck/ hello/ congratulations Q]~~~·ar
Q]lll~'llii'OJ'I::I'.!]'~ll!·~::~~·cilQ]ll!'~l
Greetings for the New Year.
I::T'.!J'~li!'Q~·cilQ]llll
Hello, where are you going ?
Q]'l::l'f41::1ll!'1
~Q]·a!;~·~c:.·;·~c:.·~af~·r:.t:.:. 'I::T'.!J'~ll!·~::~~·cilQ]ll!'c)f'~l Congratulations
for obtaining the first position in the examination. l::l~l\1·~::~~·
cilQ]llll
t"fC:.'I::I!j:.:.·tJte.OJ·c)f'c:.·l
t:l~~·arasl31~l
Good-bye, see you again.
Lit.: excellent crops or year/ Sense implied:
happily and successfully Q.~c:.t~~·~:.:.·$·~~e::~·if~::~~ll!·a:fcilQ]li!'C:.t:: ~l\1-~0J·i:!c:.·l The birthday celebrations of His Holiness the Dalai Lama have been concluded happily and successfully.
t:l~l31'&f~c:.~·l31~'t:ll~l
impressive/ dazzling! splendid/
glorious ~·t~~:.:.'!OJ·~-~~~Q]-~t~~·~l ~::T'.!JQ]'II~c:.t~~·~~·OJ·Q]a·~::~i~·~· I::I'Q.~Q]
The war-robe of king Geser is very impressive and
glorious.
t:l~~-~&T'fl31~'~l
death by starvatiorv' to die of thirst and
hunger !·il~·~::~t~·flc:.·~c:.·~l i5"~·il·t~~·t"f·~::~410J'I::I1 ~::~~t~~·~~~·{Q]lll' ~:.:. ·~::~ryc:.·c)f'~l More than one million Tibetans died of thirst and starvation in the Chinese prisons.
13
~~·~~~~·a.r~·~~~~l
to be afraid of/ cowardly over
cautious ~~·&~·~I:!!·~·&~~~·~~ 1
"'"·~~&~~·a.r"l·~~"'~~·ifl~p~r"·l Cowardly people get frightened at the sight of an enemy.
~~·~ffz:::ra.r~·~fS"'c:ll
clumsy hands and feet/ stiff hands and
feet/ to become awkward ~~~·f·"'"·-eq·~"·a.r"l·-eq·~"l·~&~·~~· ~· "'"·~Ffq·a.r"l·~Ffq· ifl"1~·~·1"4~ ·~~ ·~~Clf~·~"·a.r~·"fs~·~"F'"l·~·s"l"
al""l If socks and gloves are not worn properly in winter, one's hands and feet will become stiff and awkward, making it very difficult to work and go here and there. lit. dancing hands and feet/ Sense implied: dancing with joy/ to dance with abandon
~·~·
~"·~·~"l~·qa·~&~·~~~·f~·~~~ lfl""~f.!Cl"a.r"l·~f.!Cl"S~·dl"·l Small children will dance with joy swinging their hands and feet when they are happy.
-
"l~"·~~·lfl""~"l~·a.r"l·~"l~·q!q·~"·l
The police when they catch a thief, would chain them with fetters and hand cuffs.
~~·~~·a.r~·c:l~~l ...,.,
0\
fettered hand and foot ~\~·iflq·~~·q"f~·z;r ...,..,
....
"'~""t.l"!"~"'~"l""l~·lfl""~"l·a.r"l·q~&~·s~·z;r~~~
Many Tibetan political prisoners were chained hand and foot by the Chinese army.
~~·~~~·.1\~-~~~
only one single piece S:l""'~"l.lfl"""l%"1·~"·
"1%"1·a.r~·~~~ ~·~s·if'"·t"·s~·~"·a.r·sa.r·~q·~·&~·i:~l I have only one cigarette and therefore I cannot offer to you.
14
~c::a,~·a.t~·~&~l crippled legs and broken arms 1:11~~·-.ra.rifc:: RF~'"'C:.'ct.t:ll'a.rt:ll·~I!·Rc::Q-Ri'c:..·~·~~t:ll Many crippled beggars with broken arms are seen at holy places.
~r:;i:~·a.t~·t::l~t::ll
lit. erasing foot print with one's hand/
Sense implied: wiping away previous reputation ~c:..·~~· ~c:.·~c:.·st:ll·a.r~·t:ll~c:.·'!c:.~·~'ar"'~er~·~~·"lc:.·i~·a.rz:rrq~r:rt:ll~·~· ~~1:11 Looking at how he works at present, there is a definite danger that he might wipe away his past deeds.
~~:~c:.·~~·t::l~~~~
lit. body supported by legs/ Sense
implied: self-supporting if~'~'fc:.·u.tt:ll'Qot:ll~c:.·~t il·:l;·!~·~·i'1:11· ~~~ "lc:.·~c:.·~-.r·q~t:ll-.r·s~·~ql If one studies properly, one can
support one's life comfortably.
~c:.·&~i03·a.t·~·&~·&~·~~·t::l~:~l lit. until the sun strikes the soles/ Sense implied: something that will never happen
'"'I:.
~c:.·a.r-.r· Qj'l'~·s-.r·~c:. 'I! ila.r·a.r·~·R·il·+J.;. ·q~ ~~·q~~· ~.;. ·~-.r·jj ~~ However hard one might do house work, there will never be an end, just as the sun will never strike the soles of one's feet. ;c:.·c:t~'03~'t::l~l
gesturing with hands and feet/the gesture
of a mute/body language t:lliR'~'~f~·~~·~c:.·~·!t:ll-.r·~·t:ll~-.r·~~· ~~·"lc:.·q~·a.rt:ll·q~·s-.r·~·q~~c:.·s~·s·~~t:ll Two mutes in a drama have a discussion with gestures of their hands and feet. ;c:.·c:t~t::l'03~'t::l~t:ll
lit. banging hands and feet (e.g. when
15
angry) in full swing
e.~·~?[~·~·~~:.·rf~~:.~·~·~~:.·~~~·~~·
~~~·~~:_·~o~·;f~~·~;sr~;~:.·i:!~:.·t The ring leader of the bandits was very angry and berated the group, banging his hands and legs in full anger. ~~-l:J~l:J'Cl~·~~~
Lit.: rubbing hands and banging feeV Sense
implied: intimidation
ll·~~:.·rfa~;·~~·:r~·iJI:II\"~1:.·~~~·~~·~:11\·
9~1 ~·~~·:11\~:.·~·~clf~·~·r.~.~iJI'r:.J:II\'Zij~~·i:l~:.·t The angry man first rubbed his hands and banged his feet at his servant and then he whacked him on the cheek.
~~·s~·Cl~·s~l
maimed hands and legs ll·~:~.~·:l~iJI~·i~·~~~·
r:.J~"fif~~·~~:.·siJI·~~·siJI·a;~~·r:.~~~~ The hands and legs of these men were maimed during II World War.
~~·~~·03·~~~~~-fJ~'Ql Lit.: giving medicines of headache to someone with leg problem/ Sense implied: inappropriate treatment ~?[~·~:.~·~·;f~·ll·51~:.·~·;~·~·~~:.·~~·ar 51a'ftf~·~·f(~·~~·r:.~·~~~ These bad officials have always given inappropriate treatement to the public.
~~·Q·~~~·Cl·~~·~·l:J~f~~ lit. to have one foot pricked by a hundred thorns/ Sense implied: to have too many
problems
ll·a~;~:_·~iJI'l!l~·~·~·~·iJI~:.·~~~:.·~·~~:.·r:.~·~~~·~·~:ll\'51'~~·
~~·r:.~·~:ll\'~"11:1.'1:.~'~:11\'iJI'ai~'r:.J'clfl:.'~·~~~ There will be unending problems if a poor family has many children.
~~-~-Cl~'Q.i~·l
lit. to have crippled hands and legs/ Sense
16
implied: to utter excuses for not fulfilling one's duty ::.:_c:: ~·a.~~·r.~.Zil~·a.r"'~·~·a.~Zil·r.~.2r~:;
make excuses for not fulfilling one's duty.
"1~·q~·~·~~'I)SOl'QJ:.'qZ'4J:.'z:ll
lit. pebbles beneath one's foot, striking at one's forehead I Sense implied: to be abused, even by those subservient to you ififr.~.@::.:_·~
~·'9~~·~~~·~·~::.:_·~1 "'~·O:Zil·~·~~·~;r.j~'~~·~ga.~·~::.:_·r.~.f4::1\'c.\f~·1 When one is in a miserable condition even those subservient to you, will abuse and insult you.
tt·?Ji
~·~· a terrible thief ::1\
~·it~~·ar~·~~·i!l)l
Rampa is
Lit.: a thief's mind knows no distance/
Sense implied: A thief can even steal his relatives' ..
t'
il
~~·F~·~~~·~w~~l
to accuse others for one's theft ~·c:.;·~·
l~·t'
~~'$z:l'~~·Qf~l
Bad people
a thief supported by lie ~~·
~~·tJ~·rs~~·~a.~·~·~~·~f~·~~·~af~·~l:ll The thief relies on the support of a lie to prove his innocence.
17
t~·~9·~E::~·~·9~·Q-9~~·1
Catch the ring leaders if one
needs to catch thieves and robbers. t~'E.l:!)'l:!)~'~3J·c;~~:~1 l:!)~~·~3J41'l:!)~:::.·Uir::.·~~41·~·~r::.·1 If the ring leader is not caught, it would be no significant even if othere are caught.
t~·2f9if'(q·~·l~·t:J·!:;!tq~·t:J·~s1 Lit.: If a merchant rears a thief, it would be as though he were killing himself/ Sense implied: having a servant who steals
a.Tl:!)·~·l:!)tr::.·3J·
~~·~a·l:!Jclf'l:!J·'f~~ ·z::r~1 lr::.·~41·t~·'fl:!J~41·~41·~r::.·~~·z::~41~·~·~r::.·t:l.sJ Keeping a thief servant resembles a merchant rearing a thief who kills him in return.
t·~·9~9'0J'~tq"Q"I:;!$1 lit. a hundred blames for one theft! Sense implied: to have something stolen and to suspect everyone of the crime. This suspicion is deemed as a sin. t'3J"l:!)~l:!J·~41"Cit41"~r::.·1 ~l:!)41"~·z::~~·a.r·.a·z::~411 t'3J"l:!)~l:!)"QJ"~41·~·z::~~· clf~1 Though the theft was done by only one, the owner suspected one hundred different people, it is said that he committed one hundred sins.
t~·~·~~'OJ"1:;!~9·~tq·if19tq"S"~(q·l:;!$1:;!"t:J1
Lit.: to lock the door from outside keeping the thief inside/ Sense implied: the enemy is within or inside ~r::.·~·~~·~3J·z::~~a.r·
z::J~1
ts·ctt·~~·~l:!J".~ 41 ·sa.rt
t~·3J·~r::.·~·CI~l:!J·~·a.rt
s·~ 41 ·if
~'!141"CJ~CI·~~·~~~ If the enemy within is not subdued, how can one conquer the enemy outside, as there is no point in locking the door from the outside keeping the thief inside.
18
~·&~·£:l~i~:.:.·~~·tN'~1
F" m~·s~·c.t:.:.·~~·il~l
Stealing is
shameful but to bargain is not a shame.
~~·&~·a.r·e.~·c.y·~:.:.l
a bandit robbing a thief ~~~-c.~-~~-r~rc.~·
~-~~~-~~t:.·t;~;c.·i:lc.·t ~~-~-~~·~·a.re.~·CJ·~:.;.·t;~·~c.·~~C.~! The evil minister was dismissed by the evil chief. It was like a bandit robbing a thief.
~~·&~·or~c.tt~;~:.:.·~~·s~·;·a.r·~·S!I:.:.l
lit. rewarding a thief and
saving a wolf/ sense implied: to act unjustly sc.·il~·~·a.J~· QJ·~il~~-t;J~QJ·~~c.·t;~·~-~~·~·QJ·~CJ~·~:.:.·~c.·sc.·;·QJ·~·S!:.:.·~~c.·t;~·
f~s·~~c.~·!l~~·CJ·~~l\. ~~1
Excusing unjust deeds is rewarding a thief and saving the life of a wolf.
~£:l·~·?ft
a woman with loose character s~·il~·~t;~·~-cr-~~~·
~·il·~~~,r~c.·~·ll:l]~·~·"lc.·~s~-~~1
A woman character is a disgrace to the society.
~a.r·.af~·&~~a.r·~a.rl
with
loose
Lit.: a leather bag with holes at the
bottom/ Sense implied: to have nothing left S!~·~c.·~· ~~a.J"CJt ~a.J-~I:Il·~·~sa.J·"(a.J1 ~~·CJ·~-~~~-~1 c.·:.:.c.·~~-~QJ·~~ Oh! long distance traveller whose bottom of the leather bag is tom: if you need tsampa, I shall offer you some.
~~·~~·a.r·~~·~~·l
whatever the circumstances may be il·~·
&l·~c.·OJ, ~~·~c.·a.J-~I:I]·~c.·, :.:.c.·t;Jt~·~-t;J~~·rr ~~·~c.·~:.:.·il·~c.-1 Throughout one's life whatever the circumstances one may face, one should never abandon the thought of Independence
19
~~·~~·~~tl.f'.tl~l
misfortune brings a good opportunity/ a
blessing in disguise ~"l~·c:.antc:.·Q-~~~·t:~~·ll·~&~&rf
&~1!~'~1:11·
l'&r·o.J·frzrtsl:ll'~l ~~·c:.~·~Zil"''~'+!~·r:~·&l~f If a person faces many problems, and becomes religious-minded in the end, then those misfortunes have been a blessing in disguise.
~~·~~·i"~'t:::lt:::1t1.1f misfortune falling like a thunderbolt. S&r'CI' ~c:.·afr:~fl:ll~&t'aJ~·~&r·,~&~&f'~l:ll'Qo&I'~~C:.'~'~~·c:_~·J"l:ll·~·t;~t;~&f'CI~';~· 113·~~~ When a child is thirteen years old, a certain misfortune may befall him like a thunderbolt if the ritual prayers are not done for hini.
~~·~~·~~·(5~ l bearing hardships in difficult circumstances ~~&f'~&r·Cf~·jJ·~&~&f'~&r·jJ·af~5l'~~·~c:.·!·jJ~·Zil~Zil'(r:!'~Zil·~·~~·c:.~· ~~rs~·~~·r:~~c:.·!:ic:.·cll~f Tibetans in Tibet had to bear the Chinese atrocities for thirty years. ~~·~~·t:::l~'m"f
misfortunes and hindrances/ discordant
factor 5l~~·t:~~·a;·a~·$·{~·s~"'·""·~~·c:.~·r:~~·a;~·:a~, The opposite of concordant factors are called misfortunes, hindrances, and discordant factors.
~~·~~·w-"--~tl.fl
unfavorable events/ calamity ~&~l:ll'i~·Zil~&r·
Cl~·a~·c:.~·Qf""c:."'·""·r:~~~·~"'·r:~r:!JC:.'Q'"""'·~~"'·CI~·~~·ZilGI~·F-ll:ll'f~·~c:.·Q' ~~~
Due to the calamity of the II World War, innumerable people were killed and much blood shed.
20
Q,j'Q~~·~_,.,iR'S!~'r:.t~'~Ql'.l'~·~~·~~·~·~t~-r.iiR'iR'ai~r:.t·;~·~q.,-~11 I had misfortunes entangled in a miserable condition due to the previous bad actions.
~~·mqr-t·q~~ll.ll convergence of misfortunes r:.til"'·~iRl'.l''iRl'.l' r:.~a·~Q.,·~·~~-"'~·m~·ifi·~~JJ.,.~·~{JJ.,·~~-1 merits diminish, all misfortunes converge.
~~t'.f·r.r·m~·~c:.·l
When one's
a brainless fooVdull and empty headed
a·
flaJ'Q")'~llJ'·~~~·Q.I·ifQ'fc:.·~·~~Ql'.l'iR'ff"''r:.t~·~~.,·q·a~"'·f~·ij'~~l:lf c:lfc:~..,·s..,·r:.~·~")l
The Chinese tried to make a number of Tihl'lan rhildn·n empty-headl'd by depriving them of their l'1h11:al ion.tl opportunity.
'71111~1'Q'~~t'.f·~c:.·1
real idiot/fo~Vstupid ~c:.·i:l
~"ll'.l'r:.t'~"ll'.l'~c:.·i;"'l
~~t'.f·r.r·t?l·~~~1
~~·i~.,·~·
.I am sorry my friend is a stupid person.
foolish persuasion/ obstinate ~·JJat;~·!·i:.,·~·
~9C:.l'.l'"'~l'.l'r:.t'Q.Il'.l'~~l'.l'r:.t'tU'~"l.,.9.R'~~·1 One should follow reasonings rather than foolish persuastion.
~~ll\1'Qil'1'tjC:.'~~~·f3·2ft
a fool trying to be smart ~l'.I~'Qll\'ll\~'
IRfll'.l'~~·l ~"''R'iR(Ql'.IJ ll\~·r~·!l'.l'~l'.I.~'S"''r:.t'~·~~l'.l'r:.tl'.I'~C:.'IR~l:lf
S"''r:.t'"'C:.'IS"''r:.tll\'il"'l One may be expert in keeping the secret while others are expert in disclosing them. Therefore it is just like a fool trying to be smart if one hides one's faults. ~~·~~-~~-~~1
secretly and stealthily "'iR·~~·i!"'·r:.t~·~c:.·il.,l
~c:.·~·"'r:.t""·~sll\·~~~·a.~l
{"1·{~·~"'.~"'-~ll\·~~-1 21
Disloyal
members of a family secretly give away their household's property to other people.
{~·~~·.z:;~·l'c:..·l
to speculate in goods and sell them ~·~·
')C:.'');Jl:IJ·~·~~·~·lc:.·c.rl~·~g·(l:IJ·~~·';;J'lc:.·s')·~:.~·~')l Traders speculate in grains and sell them indiscreetly during war and famine.
{~·~a;c:..·i~·a.s~l revealing someone's secret bad habiV making an open declaration of someone's secret faults ~:~J~c:.·"~~·Q~·Qa~·s~·~~ ~~·c:_~·~Sl"·~~·~~·~~ (~:~J·;J~c:_·~~·~s~· Qlj"~·a!c:.·l If someone embezzles government money, their secret would be disclosed when the circumstances were not favorable.
{~·a.~lll·a.rs~·jfc:..·l
infiltrate and create trouble ~·;J~;J~·
fll:IJ·~~·~·il~·(l:IJ·~~~·s~·~·~·l:IJ~·~c:_·~~l:IJ·~·;Jc:_·tf!Jc:_~·ar')l The Chinese secretly infiltrated across the Indian border and incited many troubles in India.
{~·.a·Ff~·~nsl Lit.: eating secretly and spoiling the stomach/ Sense implied: engaging in corruption and
spoiling one's image if')·il·;J c:_ ·~·~~~·il· ~ ;J~·~·(l:IJ·.a·Ffl:IJ·~~· o~· il;·~·~l:IJ'"~~~ Representatives of Tibetan people should not be involved in corruption and spoil their image.
{~·~~·c:..~·~~l
underground conspiracy l:IJ~~·~·(l:IJ'l:IJ~·
c:.~·~~·~·;J~~Ff~';J'iQ~·~·s"·"~~~ One should not be deceived by others' secret conspiracy.
22
~9'9:tf~·~~·~~l covert policy !a.!'~Q'r4~·~~·~·(~·~SJ·~~·§"'' ~·~~~·a.~"'·~~~·t;~~~·e~·cN'~l The covert policy of one nation is worse than that of other nation.
~~·~9·~~·~9
Lit.: momentary/ Sense implied: very fast
~~·~~·~~·~~·~·~~:1\·t;~·~·~·s~·~"'·~~·Q-~~~
It is very difficult
to know the momentary change.
~~·~9·a;·~~1
Lit.: momentary and partless/ Sense implied:
shortest instant '-'~'-''!'-''Q'tSJ·~~·~~"'·~"'·~~·~~·~ ~~·~~~·~· ~~·l'"''ilSJ"''~~·SJ~~·~SJ'~'SJS~'SQI At any instant, Buddha knows all phenomena with direct perception.
~~·~~·t:l.~:l\.'~9 melodious voice ~.Qj·f~·~~·e~·t;~.a~·~~·~·~~·~~· ~~:1\·rs~·~~·~~·e~·~·~·r~·SJ~·t;~i;~~·~SJ'-''~·~s'-'·s·w~t The melodious voice of Bikkhu Nyenpa Zangden was the result of his previous virtues.
~~·~~·~~·t::~a~l
creating a noise out of nothing' making
a fuss about nothing a.!'-''"!'SJ'S~·e~:l\·~~·i!~·~~·t;~a"!·s"'·~·r4~· 1'~"1·~~·~~·1 What is the use of making a fuss about nothing without having worked.
~t::~~·t::~~~·f·t:l.l'OJt an opportunist ~Q"''Q~~·f!·~la.~·s~·SJ~~·~· ~·a.~·w~·~"'·s~·~·SJ·~~~ One cannot fully trust an opportunist.
~t::l~'t::l~~·9c:..'t::l~l
to act in accordance with the time ~Q"''
23
e~!;·~~:.·e~~·s~·~~·"\1 ~·OJ·~~·~e~·o;·~~·s1
He who acts in
accordance with time is said to be wise.
~t:3ll1't:3~~·t::!~ll1·t:3~ll1l
to kick someone when they are
down! an insult ~31'll~·~;~~·~~~:.·OJ·31"€~:.~·~~:.·§~·~;~·~·~e~~·e~!;· Cl~~·e~'t~·~~:,·~~1 To kick someone when they are down is the insult of an opportunist.
~t:3ll1't:3~~·Q.?;Q.~~l
to change in accordance with the
situation ~~~:.·~·~~·§~·~·~e~~·e~!;·r.~.?fr.~.~~·~~:.·e~~;·~·s~·e~~~· ~;~:.·~af~1 The policy of government should be implemented according to the changing situation.
~t::!li1'Q.Sj
an interim government ~~·~\l~~·~;~·
~31~.31~"'·ari!~·~;~~·~~;~~·~·~e~~·r.~,~QJ·~~·"l~l:.·t:l.'~~·~ar~·~;~·~;1 There has to be an interim government when the political parties are not on good terms.
~~·~~~·~~·l
completely dry ~·~;~·~:~.~·~31·?:1-~31·~~:,·~~1
This
chupa is completely dry. t:I.:J~'~31·?:f~31·~~:,·~~:.·r.~.s·i.t·.a·~.ijf~·~~1 How can one eat only dry rice ?
~·l·~e:~·Q.~~l a life's deeds ~·~·31E:~·r.~.~;·~~·~~·~~:.·e~~·if;·OJ31' ~1
I wish you successful deeds in your life.
~·w~·~ll1~·f~·l
study/ training (e.g. spiritual training) ~~·
e~~·e~~~·~~"\'31~;·;~1 ~·~;·"l~i·f~:.·"l;~:.·~~1 ~~~·~~·~e~·~·e~~31'
24
~~4.11 One should give full attention while studying with one's teacher.
~·~~~·~~~·~~l
representations of (the Buddha's) body,
speech and mind/ sacred objects s~-.r·~~'CI4.151'~4o!'ll'ISZ::rz:rclf'"' objects in Lhasa Cathedral.
1!'-.r·~,~·~z:rr~c:.·~·~·~~c:.·
There are inconceivably sacred
~~·q·~~~·q·o~'F3t::I'~~·~·~·Qf' Lit.: A knotted thread can not pass through the eye of a needle. Sense implied: . something that is impossible "51',514.1'~·~~-.r·r.rll·+l~l "q~·~· ~~·r:~·51~~·~~·~q·fl~·~·ll·~fq·q~~·~l Spiritual commitment breakers can not achieve realisation, just as a knotted thread can not pass through the eye of a needle.
~·Q~~·~~·@I~~·q·'ft::~l
Lit.: to buy lasso presenting one's
neck/ Sense implied: to invite trouble ~~·l'c:.·r.:~eq·r:~·~·~· ~6~·~-.r·~~-.r·q·,.q·~c:.·~"l Indulging in smuggling is inviting trouble.
~'CJo~·~~·i(~·~~·sas·sa.tt Lit.: even though the neck has been cut the chin is still shaking! Sense implied: to be very arrogant despite being defeated ~51·r:~·~t~·z;rc:!i'q~· ~~·ar;"·~~.~·fc:.·~.~·~c:.·~·t.llc:.'~'~C:.'fr.:J-.r'Q'I.I"~~~ ~~·~·~·q~~·~-.r· tff~·51·s~·s~s~·r:~·~c:.·~"l Although Rampa has failed in his class X ex_!lminations, still he is very proud. This is just like shaking one's chin in spite of one's neck having been cut.
25
~"1:3\S~·a:;·q.o.r·o.r·~~~~·Q.QQ"~·i:t~l Lit.: only milk will flow even if the neck is cut/ Sense implied: innocence/ not
guilty ~~~-~~-t:l.~·"t~·ffi·t:l.s·~;~ry~·~;~·~·=~·~·~;~o~·~·w~·;f~·~·~~~~· (S~"t:l.l;ll;llil~t On this issue, on top of police interrogation even if someone cuts my throat only milk will flow.
~·Q.~\a:;~·~·C(J·~·Q.~~l Lit.: wanting the neck but not the goitre/ Sense implied: wanting a rose but not its thorn ~·ift:l.~~·~c:.·~~·G3·~~·il·~~Q,·~;~·s~·z:.r~·~·t:1.~~-~~-~~r·tril·t:1.~~·l:l·s~·l:l· ~c:.·~~c:.~·~l One wants the girl but not her parents. This is like wanting a neck but not the goitre.
~o.r·q·~·Q.~~l
anxious
Lit.: urge for water/ Sense implie:d: very 'f~·~·rs~;~·~-~~·~;~;S~·~·~·~·~-~~·Cl·~·t:l.~~-~;~~~-~;~~~t
1;!~~-a!~l The day of Independence is anxiously awaited throughout Tibet.
~-~a:;·~~;:~a:;l
neither a layman nor a monk (sarcastic
remark) ~-i:J~·it~·i:J~·~·~;~~~~·Cl·QJ~·t:l.~C.:~·~·~;~~~·Cl·~~t:l.l It is better to be married than to lead a life of neither as a layman nor a monk.
~·.a~·f~~~~l
Lit.: to resort to grass having run out of
grain/ Sense implied: at the brink of starvation ~-~~· ~~;~~·~~;~,~·t:l.~~-~~·Q,~·~·~;~~~·~·i:J·~~·~·=~·f~~~~-~-~~~-~-~~· a!~·1 If grains are not taken out from the stock during famine, the poor people might reach the brink of starvation.
26
~~·z:r.tJ~·.tJ~l
Lit.: until the shit comes out/ Sense implied:
to work to death ~~·~:~~~·il·c.~·~·&l~q a.r~·"1·~~·~·~~·~~·~:~~a.r·
zc.·l i)"lfl"(~·if~~~·zc.·~~·51·§c_·l The bad master did not pay me even a rupee in spite of working for him to death. ~~·~~·~~·~~
a complete lie or liar ~c.·~~·~~c.~·~~·~:~"1~·
ifa.r·~·~~·~~·~~·~~·~~~
~~·~~·~·2ft
What he said is a complete lie.
a great liar or a cheater ~~·~~·at;·Q-g~·~·~~~·
s~·~~ ·w~·,i~·s~·~·51·~~~ other people.
~t:!~·t:~:fOJ·~~~·~;yl
A terrible liar is not trusted by
refugee aid !·~~·~~c.·~~·tr~·il·l~·~~:~~·
C!~a.r·~~~·~51·~~c.·~:~·~~~
The government of India has given refugee aid to the Tibetans.
~t:!~·~OJ·e.~J;~·~~~l object of worship ~i!f~·5~l'~·~~5~·~·~r:.·~· at;r:.·5Jq·~~:~~·~a.r·5~l'~·~~~·~:~~fil~·~~~·~~~ The non-deceptive object of worship of all Buddhists is the three-jewels.
~t:!~·~if'OJ·~~·{~l
Lit.: bring to notice and attention/
Sense impli~d: an appeal l~~·5!c.·a.r·~~:~~·~ila.r·'l~·f~·~~a.r· ~:~~~~·5~·~~c.·afc.·~~·~:~~:I\·~~·Q-~~c.·~af~l There should be good discussion before an appeal is announced to the public.
~l\·~~·~·
Lit.: a crane's (way of) catching fish/ Sense
implied: to be very skillful a.r~·~~·~c.·a.r·~c.·~:l\·iJ~·'1·cil~·~r:.·
27
ll~z::.-r·z;r~·st;~-r·ll~-r·~·~'-'·~~"'1 One should be skillful in every action just like a crane catching fish.
j;·m~"f'~~rs03f
Lit.: liberating from the suffering and
being attached to happiness ~~z::.·~·~"'·"-~~·~·~~·il·~~~"'· ~~·m~"~'!~·s~·~·,.~~l~·t'll~t
It is the duty of government to liberate the citizens from suffering and to give them pleasure or happiness.
!i''J!.I~·~;·esj
cheerful and jolly z::.~·~l.1l"'·~~·~~~·sal.1l·t'll~·tJ.Jz::.·
ji)'~II"''~~·~S"~'~"~·{~·~·"-~1.11 Although my friend is poor, he is cheerful and jolly.
!;·~~;·~~03·~~"'1
Lit.: wanting happiness but reluctant
to work ~~·"-~')·z;r·~z::.·,.~a.s·,.a;~·t;~·l.1l~"'·"~"·~·afz::.·saC3"1'il~t Wanting happiness and being reluctant to work, do not go together.
j;·~~'!.I'J!.I'~ISJ;.l
to share the joys and sorrows together
t;J.a"'•.-·~~"'· "l"'·il·~·;~·ij'~ ·t~·!~·~~ ~~~·,.rs~ ·s~·~~"'t
Both spouses should share their joys and sorrows together throughout their lives.
j;·~~·'J~~·~c:-_·l
experience of joys and sorrows of life/
jl)·!~',"'-''!fz::.·o~·~·"l~·~C3'-''~·~"''~C3"1'~'C3'~Z::.'"-Sa.!'C3!1C3'9'ci!~· ~~"'1 One should respect and take advice from the experienced seniors or elders who had gone through many expereinces of life.
28
~~·~~·~"-'t~l
ups and downs of a life/ vicissitudes of a
life il·~a·~=.·"''·~~·~Z3l·~~·~~·~·~Z31~·~:::.·~·~~1 various ups and downs in one's life.
There will be
~~·~~·~~~·~~~1 report on the condition of one's welfare ~:::.·t~·""·a~·:::.~·~:::.·~~·Z31~:::.·""·~~·~Z31·~~~·~Z31~·~~~·~·~~~1 one should report the government on the condition of one's welfare when there is calamity in one's country.
~~·~~·~·~c::..·~e:"-·~·~c::..·l
Lit.: ups and downs for men and ~ots for trees/ Sense implied: One can use this
expression to console somebody in misfortunes. ~11:l.':::."''·
C':l.SJ~·t~a·~~~·~l ~~~·it~~·t~·~·l31~=-·1 iJ·""·~~·~Z3l·~·~Z31~1 ~=-·""· l:l.l~·~·~·~~~l a~·~·~~·~~ One should not be sad at the time of difficulty. It is natural that joys and sorrows come in life as knots occur in trees.
~~·~~·~:;~.=c::..·c;~l
living standard ~"'!·iJ·~~~·~~·~Z31·~==-·~~·t
l:l.5"~Z3l·~c:.·~·wc:.·~~~·.a·~~~·~c:.·Z31~:::,·~~~1 All the countrymen should share their food and drink with one another irresepective of their living standard.
~~·~·$~·~'1~-r~c::..·~~·~·~~·~'?~l to share joys and sorrows at all times ~Z3l~·~~~·wa"\·a"\·~~·~·~~·~~~·~=-·~Z3l·~·~Z3l·~~~·s~· ~~~1 Real friends always share their joys and sorrows with one another.
29
~~·&1-&l~l These days I am happy at the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives.
~~·2f~c_·9(1,f·~·s(l,f·~~
~!J1·2f!Jl~~·~(l,f·c:~,c_·wc_·l
Make
yourself happy lest others may trouble you.
~~·,,rr~~·~as·~~~·=r~c_·~!Jl·f~·~·~·as·~~~-f.l~c_·l
Lit.:
together we shall eat the grass of the mountain pass and drink the murky water of suffering! Sense implied: to be together in times of joy and suffering! This expression is used to indicate friendship and intimacy by sharing all joys and sorrows together.
~~·~r~·w~·wc_·~·~·~·!Jl~c_·l Lit.: even if you are ~epaying water, don't make it thin/ Sense implied: remihdful of repaying one's kindness. This expression is used to indicate the best way to respond to kindness. ~!Jl·S'Qj abominable/ disgusting ~~-a.J&J"~t:!l·S"l!f~·qs·&J·t:!l~r:.·r Do not behave in such a disgusting mannlr. ~!Jl·~~·asc_(l,f"~l
taste car.
~"C!f~"f.l~l
...,
0\
vomit or nauseous feeling! disgusting! bad ....
~
....
&J"('t:l."~r:.·a.J·~'t:!l·&J~·a.Jr:.· .. l·~~~
One feels nauseous in the
birth, aging, sickness and death, the four basic
human sufferings ll~·t.~·l"'~·~·~·~·~·t:l.~~-~'9·'~!a.J"a.J(If~a.J·~·~I)I When one achieves liberation, one is released from the sufferings of birth, aging, sickness and death.
30
~·~~rw~:~2~l ~~·z:.y~·3.1~·~2~l exalted by birth and degraded by conduct' This proverb is used when a noble or high family member indulges in bad habits, such as drinking too much alchohol. ~~·OJ·~~·~~
Lit.: interest upon interest' Sense implied:
compound interest ~~:~:r.~·'J)~'il!!l'~~~·a.r~·!:ll'Cft~·~~a.y·!!lw.z;.· ~C!~·~~·a.y·~~·~!!l·s~·r.~·~~~ The rich men charged compound interest on their loans for the poor farmers.
~~·~~·CJ~·~~~·~~· it The one who raised you up is more kind than the one who gave you birth. This saying is used to express the kindness of one who brought one up. ~~·sc:_~·~·w~·ry~l acquired and innate knowledge ~~·sc:.~·e· dl~·;~·!!l~~·~c:.·~~·r.~~·~fl~'CJ'~1~·2:f~~~ Scholars with both acquired and innate knowledge are rare.
f1c:_·w·a;~l
despair and discourage/ to feel sad and
despondent ~·-9~~·~·s-9·a.y~·UII-9'~~·-9~c:.·~·41~·:1\C!~·l.z;.'f~c:.·&l· t!l~·~·~-9~''4~·dlc:.·~·~~~ If youths do not work properly the elders will feel sad and despondent.
- -
;:;. ~~·~~·"''CJ'W~·ry~·~~·~~l one who had abandoned all faults
and acquired all knowledge ~c:.~·~~·~~~'f~·~~·s~·~c:.·w~· ;~·~~·~~'+1'~-9·~~~ All Buddhas have abandoned all faults and acquired all knowledge.
31
J~·~r~·F~·q~~~q to criticise and blame someone ~.,·~·~c:: ~.,·s.,·~·z:!l~~·arfJz:!l·~~lll.,.!'~·qr~·s~·~·~s.,·s·c.~·I:J·~c.·~·i'lll·~·fi~·
dfc.·t Having committed mistakes, if one still criticises and blame others, the bad consequences will ripen upon oneself. J~·ff~·~~·~9i~l to eliminate faults and cultivate virtues j'~·
~c.·~s·qa·lr:rp:rfc.llft ;~·~·~~·q·~q~·~z:!l·~qllfl
Avoid sins like
faults and always cultivate only virtues~
J~·i!~·~~·~~
perfecV not damaged llfC.IIf'51'!11f'"'~·~"j~·
il~'!llf'~z:!]·a;~llf·~·(ZJ~·Cf~~~ It is difficult to become perfect until one is enlightened.
J~·~~~·tN-~3J to make corrections to mistakes ~·~5111f'~~~· ...,...
...,...
...,...
~M
~~.,·~~·c.~·~·a.r~~·q~c_·~·q.:f~~·~ql
Only the constitution can
make correction to the social evils.
~~2\·~~~·w~·~~l repetition/ overlapping 51fJIIf'I:Ja·r51·"-~·q~~· "~lllf'OIC.'"'lllf·~·dfc.·t No good scholars will make repetitions in their compositions.
32
f'~"l~·Ff~·~~ Lit.: white mouth and black heart/ Sense implied: sweet words with cold heart ~·~"l~·ff~·~~·il·a.r· &l~·~"r~rs~l Do not trust persons of sweet words with cold heart.
...
~·~"l~·~ry=-·~~
....
~·~"1~-~-~~
same as above
f'~£:..lq'f'OJ!:..lq1 embarassment/to be speechless with rage ft::!·~~~·r.~.~~'-'·Cl·~"'·ift::!·~~~·;·~s=-'-'·~·~=-'-'·fa.r=-"'·~·~~"'·~·t::l1'~1 Acharya Aryadeva embarassment.
left
Acharya
Avashvagosh
in
f'l~r~~r2J'1 peacefuVsilence/ quiet/ remote ~=-'-'·~:-~-&:l~-~CJ.I'-'" ...,.., -.. . . ,.,. . . . l
~CJ.I~·ffic:_·~·~·f5·&:l~rcr~·s~·CJ.I~·~~1 The areas around Mt.Kalilash are very quiet ,and peaceful.
f'(9~'1'(9~
Lit.: bleeding mouth; bleeding nose/ Sense
implied: to be beaten to a pulp ~~~·il"'·~·f.l~·"·f.l~·~·l"~·z::J~· ~·t::!~t:_"f"if'c:_·l The soldiers beat him to a pulp.
f'&Jflq'~'t:l~1 ~'ij~"t::l-'1~·9'-'1
f'&Jflq'~S'lfl~lq1
a glib talker f~·t::lf)~·~=-·~·il·~-~~'-'·1·z::J~·~=-·~"'· Many glib talkers made speeches in the film.
Lit.: to talk sweetly/ to look captivating'
Sense implied: so mew hat artificial ~~~-~~·a.r'-'·s~·~·if~·l~·
33
............
~
5tf!~"t:2.S"~l:l]~\1·s~rc·~~·ll\~l
Air-hostesses are very gentle in speech and captivating in looks. F·~~
to act upon one's words
F·;~·t:2.~a.r·z:r;r:::
Cl~;·~~·~~·~~·t:2.~a.r·;·~;·t:2.~CI·~~:l There shall be success if one acts upon one's words.
F"!~·~~·r:::t~~llll glib speech ~5t·~~·a.r·5t't~~·~~·s~·~·F·~c:~l:IJ· C15~~·51·l:IJ~~·l Do not insult simple people by speaking glibly.
F·~·~~lll·~~l Lit.: no difference in speech and thought/ Sense implied: honest and straightforward ;~·e~·l'~·~.,;· 5tl'l:IJ·a.r·F·~·l:IJ~~·il~·~~·~~·r:.rg~·e~·i;~l unwavering faith in the Triple-Gem.
Buddhists
maintain
F"r:::!~f1·f~·l Lit.: hundred mouths with thousand tongues/ Sense implied: unreliable/worthless speech ~C1·~~·~·51q;: ~~"t:2.l:l]t:2."*j~·~~·fl·CI~·~-f~·~·l:IJ~~·CI*j~·l:l];~·~·t:2.~1:1J
Some
political leaders make worthless speeches F·~~·1·~~
Lit.: mouth enemy; nose enemy/ Sense implied:
enmity ~;·il~·il·a.r·F·~~·~·~~·5t·l:IJ~l:IJ Do not create enmity towards strangers.
F·~~~·if~~~ wrathful stance sl:l]·~·~5l"CI"c;·$·~·~5l"fl"*I~·F· t:2.~l:l]"ift:2.~l:IJ·l:I];~·~·CI~~~·UI~t erected in wrathful stance.
34
Some wrathful deities are
F·if~~~·~·~~·~l Lit.: the door of mouth is the source of dispute/ Sense implied: too much talk causes trouble fl"if if~~·~·~~·~·~~~ ~s~.,r~~a.r§~·&J·a,~·~~·~·~~~ The door of mouth is the source of dispute just as the vowels and consonants are the source of letters.
F·r::_~·Ff~·r::_~l evil speech and evil mind J~·~~·fl·~~·ff~·~~·~· s~·t>;l~·~~~ That minister is very evil in speech and mind .
..;'
~ry~·~~·~~·a.r·t"l~"l
Do not disparage others, you will be
defamed. ~'i~·~~·~·~~·f.l.s~ "f.l.~~ news?
Who brought the bad
F·c::_~·a;~·r::_~l abusive words l:lj~~·a.r·fl·~~·ffil:l]·~~·l;l+J~·~·~~·a.r·~~\ ~rcN~"l One will be hanned if one speaks abusively to others.
F"~;J~~r~]\~~C::.~l Lit.: quench one's thirst; the stomach is
full/ Sense implied: to satisfy someone with food if~· ~fl~·~·a.r·fl·c:-~~·~~·f.l.CJJ~~·~·=~·~~·l;li5:·[~·~·l:lJ'i~·~~·s~! After giving the beggar enough food to fill the stomach and, once his thirst is quenched, you may ask him a question.
F·~~~·Ff~·~~~~ Lit.: one mouth with two hearts/ Sense implied: to say something and do the otherwise fl"l:lj~l:lj· fll:lj·~~~·~~·~~·il·f.l.~l;ll One cannot succeed when one says something else and acts in the other way round.
35
(l:l·9~z:rr~·9~~~ Lit.: one mouth with two tongues/ Sense implied: duplicitous speech and double dealing ~'l]·i!S"G.r·fl· l:l]~l:l]·~·l:IJ~G.r·~·aJ~r~G.r·~~l:IJG.r·~r:.·~~~r:.G.r'~·~~~ The enemy created discord through double dealing. fl·t:l~~·'t·t:l~~~
Lit.: to turn away one's mouth and nose/
Sense implied: to show reluctance ~~·~~·~·~,Q.·if~·aJ·if~· ~l:lj'UJl:lj'2fl'G.r·~~·UJr:.·fJ·~~G.r·,·~~G.r·§~·~·~·~~~ Goodstudentswill never show reluctance to their teacher's advices. (l:l·tt,9·~·~Cl!!
Lit.: broken mouth and torn nose/ Sense
implied: misfortunes and obstacles ~·~r:.·~~~·2fiJ~·~·fJ·ifll:l]'"' . ......
. ....
~aJ·~~·~~'UJC:.'l:lj·~~~
The misfortunes will befall always if the people are not on good terms.
(l:l'tt,~·"-~~·i'j~l unchanging promise fJ'ifi~'Q.~~·iJ~·~·l:IJ~G.r'£:1'~·~· ~·Vf~·ry~·rs~·~~·~·Q.r.!l:I]G.r'£:1'~'9·~~1 Keeping promises is one of the best qualities of a person.
(l:l'tt,~·~·a.f~l the promise becomes a debt ~·~~·£:~·aJ·fl·irl~·~·-9~r:.·1 fJ'ifl~·~·a:!~·~r:.·Q.s·~·w~l Do not make a promise that one cannot fulfill. A promise becomes like a debt.
(l:l·m~·~·~9
snow and rain storm ~~~·fJ'fJ'ifl~·~·~l:IJ·~·~~aJ·~·
~'9·~r:.·~Q.I5l:l]'~·'il~1 Many sheep were frozen to death during winter in the midst of snows and rain storms.
36
F·~·e:.a:.·e:.a:.1 drooling! releasing saliva ~·~~r~r:::~t:.·~·~'F·~·E:.I\·1!"'· ~~·~~~ Those small children are going about drooling.
F·ti·w"''t'ra"·~z:r~~~ Lit.: although the mouth is big, it is under the nose/ Sense implied: to be under the control of someone ~E:~·ft:.·t·t3J·~z:~t:.·~·t1.1t:."~3J~·~·~~·~·~~~~~~q ~E.!"'· ~·rzrt·t3J·~·t1.1t:."~·~~·~~·~·~~·CJ~·~E.l·z:~~~·~~1 Howeverpowerful an administration may be, it:is under the law just as a mouth is under the nose however big it may be.
F'ti;.J~·~"'Q~.J\1
Lit.: to send someone's will in the air/
Sense implied: to ignore someone's will z:l"l~·5~·o~·~·lil·31· ~31~·~·~·~31~·~t:_·QJ·z;,~"'·~·~r:..·1 One should not ignore the will of one's kind parents.
F";.J~·2J9~·;.J.a:,·Ql~·r.r1 Lit.: to take a case on lease/ Sense implied: unnecessarily welcoming trouble/ to file a case
on behalf of someone f~·31·?J~·~·~·~·"1~·~~·~·31~·~?J~~·31·1il~· CJ·~~l In the past some Tibetans take case on lease in Tibet.
F"~E.;.J"9~".~9 Lit.: gentle speech with evil motive/ Sense implied: evil person lr:..·CJ·~·~e.31·~~r:..·~~·~·~~·~·31r:..·~-"·31~
.....
....
z:!~.l\·z:~1r:..·z:~·.l\~l
That evil businessman deceived many people.
37
F't:I.E..33'l;~·~~l smooth and pleasing speech "1~'"-'Zil~·~~·jf1:3· W'~·Zil~~·~Q~'(Q't:l.e.~·ffiZil''l~·~~"f~·Zil~~·~·t:l.~Z!l Our speaks gently and pleasantly in his teaching.
'"" F'l'~t:l~'il~'l
teacher
"" t h e who Ie property o f someone ':I:':"'~ "l~·~·mt:l.'(Q'!.'~Q~·
Sl~·ffi~·~·~·~·"-'·.tf:.;.·Q·~~l Tibetans lost the whole of their property to the Chinese. F'~~·a.t~·~t~·l Lit.: less talk and clean hand/ Sense implied:
taciturn and decent ~·~·~~·~~·~~·~~·F·~~'"-'Zil'Zilt~·~·Zil~~·cr
~·~~·s·i~·~·;Z!l~·~~l Being taciturn and decent since childhood is a sign of great men.
F'1'~a.t·~~
to encourage and advise ~~·~Zil~·c:r~·~·"-'·F·~ra""·
~Zil·~~·Q-Zil~~·~~·l
My friend gave me much encouraging
advice.
F'1'~~·~.q bad advice ~Zil~·r.r~·~~·~·l~·F·~r~~·~·if1:3·~·~~1 Evil companions will give bad advice.
F'ry't:l~t:I'Sl kind advice ~~·~·"l~·~~'f'lj'I:3!JI:3'9'"-''~~·~~~1 One should always listen to the advice of elders.
F'~ry~·~ ~l the opponents ~~·t:l.~~·~·R'Zilry~·~.!l·~·l-~~·~~·sZ!l· ~R~·2:ft:l.SZ!l The opponent players of the match are very skilful.
F'9~~·ij~·~.q F·~·~~{t.riJ~l Lit.: no difference in speech and
38
thought! Sense implied: practical and honest !a•rf!c:r~·~~· ~·f!·~·lll~~·it~·~·a.r~r~~·g~·~f!~·a.r·!a.r·llJ~•rcriiJ\l He who practically and sincerely works for the nation is called a patriot.
FJ·~~·l;~·~~~ Lit.: firm mouth and words/ Sense implied: to keep one's promise/ an adherent of promises r~·~·il· ~~~·f!·~~·~lll·~~·a.r·lll~~·~r~~l In olden days people adhered to their pledges.
FJ"z::! 1~f~~·z::~~l Lit.: to see mouth and eye/ Sense implied: to
-
guide/care and guidance
~·~·~~:.·~~·~~·f!·C!•lfilllJ·C!"f"llJ.i!C!"
llJ.i!C!"Qj~l:.·~"l~l
One should give good care and guidance to a child since childhood.
FJ·~.c:.:l;~·~~·l Lit.: empty mouth and word/ Sense implied: fl·f~:.·~"l·f~:.·C!+J~·CJ·a.r~·f!·~~~·~~"JJ\·g~·c.r~lll~l better to engage in prayers than in gossip.
gossip
It is
f3·~~·01~·(~·1 Lit.: empty mouth and empty hand/ Sense implied: to give nothing! to let somebody go empty
handed a:r"l~J\-~CJ~·~~~·~~·~~:.·~~:.·fl·f~:.·a.r"l-f~:.·a.r·lll~l:.·il·'l)~l During Losar one should not tum away one's guest with an empty hand and empty mouth. f3·~~·f3·~~
at once/ straightforward/ in time
-
~"l·f!-~"l·a.r·"l~l:.·~"l~l
a.r~·''r~~:.·~·f!·
All work should be done in time.
39
F'~~·~~~·~~
Lit.: meeting face to face/ Sense implied: to
meet unexpectedly ~·~c:.·lf~"a.r'~'9~·?Jlc:. 'CI'~'9·~c:.·f'·~'9''9~c:.· ~'9·~;~~~;~·~c:.·1
Today I unexpectedly met an old friend of mine in the market
F'if'~·~~·~~~l practical (~·~~·~·~·~~~·~~Q.''9~·~·~;~~'9':JC:.'f!'l".t7J· ~~·a.r·'9~~·t~·s~·~f'~·~·'I'9'~~1 In ancient times people would stick to their word although no affidavits were kept.
...,... ~'9~1
One should be practical in every work one does.
F'qif'~·z:::ll Lit.: scattered/ Sense implied: disintegration
g)C:.'
~::r;·~a·~~·~·?f~·~·~CJ·~~·f'·ql"::r;·~;~·~~1 The Tibetan nation disintegrated politically after the King Lang Darma. F'~~·~z:::~·z:::~~~l
to break one's promise/ to violate the pledge
~E:q·~;~a~'9~·~~~~·~~·f'·~~·~~;~·~;~~::r;·s~·i!·~c:.·1 One should not break one's promises to intimate1riends.
F'~~·l;9·ar9~~·CJl able to keep one's promises J-~~~·~-9~·~ ~~·~1 f'·~~·~-9·a.r·'9~~·~~~1 If you are an intimate friend, you should keep your words.
Q.~-9
The child is stammering since his birth.
40
~·~~·~z:::~r:.:~~l exploitations by those who are in power ~Q'~· ~~·~·l'~·rzrs9'~~~·~~·s~·~·il·ii~·o.r·~~~'-'·iJJ~~·&~~·?J-~';~·~~·trhe evil officers greatly exploited their subjects misusing their
power.
ft:::!~·Q-~·w·~ar~·Q-w~r
CJ~·z:::~~·Q-&J·w·~w~·arw~r
An eloquent speaker is people's master and a craftman is people's servant.
~·z:::~~·CJ~'z:::l~l articulate and dexterous ~~·~~·~·fl·~~·?;.~~·r.~·&~· .a~·o.r~:~r~~·~~·?;.~~lll
Dhondup is not only articulate but
dexterous as well.
~·q~~·~ar·J~r reciting prayers and engaging in virtues~~~· ~&~'-''lll~9't.l~'!l~·~·fl·~~~·~a,·f~·o.r·~r~·~~"'1 One should engage in prayer recitations and virtuous actions for the accumulation of merit.
~·qs~rff~·qs~r a close familiarity ~~·~~·iJJ~iJJ·~·~s'-'·~·fl·~s'-'· fJli]'~S'-''cN~·~r~~~ A close familiarity will arise when people acquaint one another for a long time.
~·~r:.·~·&rr ~·~r:.·~·~ift Lit.: a sore in the mouth is cured by itself/ Sense implied: resolved internally ~o.r·fl~·~~·rso.r·~·il· &l~~·z:.r~·o.r·~~·~~lll"''S\~~"'·z:.r~~~ ~Cj~·~·fl·~~·~·~·fl·~~·~·lll~~·
~~~~ The disharmony within a nation should be compromised internally just as sore in the mouth is cured by itself.
41
F·~~·~·~l:ll·.tf~·~l:Jl~·::tl Lit.: to doubt that pearls will drop out from the moutlv' Sense implied: one who doesn't want to share one's knowledge/ This proverb is used when someone is reluctant to share one's knowledge.
f"r4~·'a!;l:Jl·r4~l verbal help or advice ~~·~itcr~%~·~a-~-~51~·~~· ~-~-~~-~~-~~-~-~~~-~~-s~·~-~~1 People of the same village always help one another.
--
f"r4l:Jl"~"r4l:Jl
Lit.: to hurt at the mouth and nose/ Sense
implied: to hurt many people unintelligently &:J~~·~·&:~*J~· ~a-~Cl~-~-l.!l~~·o..t·~·?;l.!l·~·?;l.!l·""~·~~·"'l.!l~·~~·l feeling gets hurt when the truth is spoken out.
F"qr4~~·asl:ll·qs~l
Someone's
to blame ~:1\·t:l.rgaJ·:I\~·~~-s~·~·~·t:l.~~~·o..t~·
t:l.s~·l:ll~~·o..t·s~·~·51·:1\CJ~·~~1 Having committed the mistake by oneself, if one blames other people, it is an impolite manner.
F"i~·2Ji Lit.: heavy mouth/ Sense implied: taciturn ~~·~·i~· ?.f~~-~~1 ~~·"'·s~·~·51"l:lli"'~~·&:~*J~·~·51·~~1 He is taciturn in .nature. He will not speak unless he is asked.
F·q:'~·l"fl:Jl"~~·;jl see ~·t:l.e.51·~~~-~l.!l Lit.: the mouth is honey and the heart is ink/ the mouth is honey and the heart is thorn/ the mouth is honey and the heart is sword/ the mouth is milk and the heart is is thorn/ Sense implied: bad hearted person with sweet speech ~-f1~·i·~l:ll"~l.!l·a;a·~·o..t·~l.!l~·l.!ll'~·~~~ Beware of a bad hearted person with sweet speech.
42
rnr~s~~·m~l'Q'~9(q·~~(q·it~l Lit.: if mouth is not shared, one cannot catch the cold/ Sense implied: To show that there is a connection due to which there is influence.
(Z3'33C:.'i'33C:.'l Lit.: many mouths and many tongues/ Sense F3'3J~·i·JJ~·~·Zllry3J'C11'~~·1f~·~~l implied: talkative talkative's version is not reliable. (Z3'33C:.'~'~'l]·~c:.·l
A
too much talk creates enemity ~9~'F3'~Zll41'~~·
~~~·F"c:t ~s~·~'U~-~~-Q~-~3J~·~·i·C11·Q~Zll·arrQ4ll
F3'3J~·~·~131·
~~·l Take care of iron in summer and clay-pots in winter. However take care of the mouth both summer and winter as too much talk creates enemy.
f33C:.'Ol~'33C:.'l
Lit.: many mouths and many hands/ Sense
implied: refers to public's il·JJ~·~·rzrJJ~·~·~Zll·~~l il·JJ~·~·111Zll' JJ~·~·Zll~~·~~l Public mouths are poison whereas their hands
are gold.
(Z3'33'~~a.Tl ~~·33·~~0ll Lit.: to move the chin but not the mouth/ Sense implied: to blame others by gesture/ This is gesture performed by someone who is not satisfied with somebody.
fl3~·t1-J~'r::l'ifl to follow good examples F3'ilZll·3J~'Q'll to follow bad examples F3'ilZll·~~·Q'l'S~·~~41'3J~'Q'l'JJ'S~l Follow the good examples, ·not the bad examples.
43
~Jllll61'il~·llli!i61'~C:.'! I had to pay a lot of money for the lithium statue.
F't~r~~·t~l merely in words f·~~~·~:~a~·~:~~·~~:~l'l·~·f·t~w~lll· i53rJllll·z;J~'l:!l'f3.1'fl:!ryc:.·~~l'll Recitation of prayers should not be mere utterance of words, rather one should think as well.
F'f')'~~·f')l dispute/minordisagreement!~·3.1~~·~c:.·rsa:·f·(~· ~lll·f'~·s·Jl·~Fl There should not be· disputes among the relatives.
F' tt;·')~~-lJl~~~l
urgent need/ succour !'lll~'lll~c:.·~·~~·Jl·~~:~l'l·
~:~"ta:·~:~·~3.16l'
~~~ He always smiles at me.
F'CN'~~·cil~l to receive or give acceptance c:.·~·l'l~·~s~·~l'l·c:.~· ~~l'l·:fl'!·c:.·a:·f·t~~~·~l'!·a:t~·t~~~lll'~Sl'l'~C:.·! When I arrived in Lhasa my friend welcomed me and treated me very well.
F'W')'OJ~'W')l real and practical tr-rJI·~·f~·~~c:.·~·f·al~·a:~·~~·z· ~3.1C:.61'~~·lll~c:.·~t~J'~~1
The U.S.A. government is a real
democratic government.
44
Zlliitt;.·3J'Il·Ziliit~·s~·~·ft;~'j'~·t.\J.qr?f~~·~·~·~~~
One will not understand the lesson if one is inattentive in the class.
F'~'F'~9
straightforward/direct
~·3J·fl·~·fi·~Zil·a!;·?f~r~Zil"-'?f
cN~J I like those who are very straightforward.
F'.t1~'F'.t1~l a few/ some Q'~·il·f!·~~·fl·~~·t.\J'Il'?f"-~Zil·fl·~~·fl·~~· rs~·~:l\'1?.~'11
Some Tibetans are good whereas others are
strange.
F'.t1~h:!9~·q·9·~~·Q.i~·Q.i~·~~l Lit.: one can stretch a deer's skin in any direction one likes/ Sense implied: many interpretations can be given ~·Zil:l\'~fl~·c.t~·Zil~~·~·l-f!·~~· c.!Zil~·c.t·Q.2~·c.t·~~·t;~~~·,_~a.J·t;~~~·Zil·~~·~t;~·~t;~·~~~ The works of Indian Masters can be interpreted in many ways just as a deer skin can be stretched in any direction one wants.
F'CJ.t1~· ~·tN·~·z:11 a!9'0l~·9it"-·~·~9~'Ql Lit.: speech is like froth anCI practice is like golden drops/ Sense implied: very rare in practice/ This is used when one says too much and does nothing. fi'Zil~~·~·~t;~~l a.J~·Zil~~·~·,.~t;~~l If someone is frank it is easier to understand and if the road is opened it is easier to go.
F'9~t:.·~CJ~l if one is frank it is easier to understand/ This is used when someone does not make clear indication.
45
C!*j~'f3'ZI'l~
The teacher explains very
fl'~~~f'Q~~·"'-~~~1 to blame and accuse ~~·~~:;.·~rti>~:~·~~·~~· t:l.t§
f3~'f3~·~·~1
Y.
0\
......
...,.,...,.,. .....
separate and distinct tb~·~~:;.·r.~.e.ZI'l'i~'f3ZI'l'f3ZI1'~·~·~~~
Religion and worldly life are two separate entities.
f3C:..'~~r::..·f~ ruined buildings/ ruins tll~~·~·~~:;.·.i·~:~~·f3t::.'~~t::.· Qj'ZI'l·~~:;.·~~l't::.·~·Df~t At most of the holy sites, we can see many ruins.
f3~·~~~·~~·Q~Cll1
to lose one's life for a morsel of food
f3Cll''fr::..·~~·"'-~.1\·~~·$·Cll~·~~·q·~·~~·it~1 Lit.: There is no reason for the road to suffer since it is the donkey that carries the load/ Sense implied: inappropriate complaint fl~·~·Q~~·~~~~·q~·~~·~·~Q·q·lJ·~~ Merely saying Tathagata will not purify the physical obscurations. (It . is a sarcastic remark to those who recite blindly without thinking over the text.) f3~·~r::..~·$Q'Q~.1\1 to violate the promise ~:~l'ZI1·~·9
46
F~ra~z::.~·Cl!.Qp::~~~l to implement a promise sr:::~z:::ril!o!l\J'~Cl~·
·s
~!oll\J.~l\J·-9~~·~~·~·f3l\J. a~r::.l\J·Cl· ~ !oll\J·~ l\J"Clll\ "4ll-9. ~~:.:. ~·Cl·i; ~ 1 Bodhisattvas definitely implement their promises made for the welfare of others.
F~·Ql~·~~~·r5~ l responsibilities 4lll\J""l·~~~·f3l\J·~~·~-9~·rs:.:.·~r::.·!.l· f!r::.·~l\J"-9~r::.·~·i;~1 He took all the responsibilites of this work.
F~·Ql~·~~·Ql~l to accept/ to recognise ~·-9:.:.·-9~r::.·~l\J·e~·:.:.r::.·~· l't::.l\J"!.lm~·~·4ll·f3l\J"~~·~l\J·~~·-9~r::.·~·~~-9 India gives recognition to your visa.
The govenment of
r5~·r5~·~~·~~ nooks and crannies ~·~r::.·rs-9·rs-9·~-9·~-9·c.\1~·~~·4ll· -9tr::.·!.!·~a-~·&l~1 crannies.
Today we will dean all the nooks and
r5z::.~·t::!~Clf·~~·~~l convincing proof :.:.r::.·~·~l\J.~l\J·rsr::.l\J·~~o.r·~~· S~·~~·~·i!~·~·-9@1~·4ll·j~·~f~·!o!·-9~r::.·~·~-9l\J1 It is better not to criticise others when one doesn't have convincing proof.
r5z::.~·Q~(lJ·~~·r~·l
to submit proof :.:.r::.·~·o.rl\J"!o!!fa-9"~!.1l\J"r51::.l\J"
~~4ll·~l\l·~~·~-9·af-9~r::.·~·l\J·-9~l\J·-9~~·~·~~l\J·-9o.r·~1 It is important to handed-iver the proof of having completed one's work before going to another place.
r5z::.~·t::!~aJ·~·f~l evidences ~~·:.:.r::.·~t~·&l~·Cl~·rsr::.l\J·~~o.r·:.:."f~·~· .~
~-
I.N-9"al"f3-9"!oli::."Cl"~~1
There are many historical evidences of Tibet being an independent nation.
47
(5~(1.f·~~·~(l.f·~t~·l good finishing! work of quality ~&r·s·c:r~·
lt~r~&r·~c:.·a.:~·"l·tl~'~-C!J·s~·~·&r·~~1 The tailors never do their work qualitatively and with good finishing. ~
(5~(1.f·~~·g~·~~~~ to search or to trace the origin i:l·-C!Jif~·&rfl~· ~·~c:.~·~~·g~·-9~~·~~·~·~~·~:.:.·~~~·~·~~1 If one can make a search for the murderer, definitely he can be found.
15~~-rw~·~~·w~l something that has evidence to prove rsc:.~· tN'~·~c:.·c~\5· ~ ~· f&r· ~&~~·a.:· ;t;~·~ -9·~c:. '&I~~·~~· i ~· g&~' i:.:. 1 Scientific articles are those that have evidence to prove.
f' ~·~~· ~~·1
greater benefit and less risk ~~·~·lc:.·flt:.'~-9·~~'9~·
~~·~·~·~ac:.·~·a.~·~~·fl·~c:.·~·r)f~1 If one can open a book-shop,
there is greater benefit than risk.
f·~~·Qf~(a.q to mistake profit for loss and vice versa~·~~·~ -:r_o,.,., "'"'~ ~ ~r:.a.~·&r·~c:.·~~·~~·;s~·~-9'".1'!~'~'9~1
In order not to mistake profit for loss and vice versa, one should calculate well.
f·~~~·~~(l.f·~~~~ desire for wealth and fame :.:.c:.·~~·a.:·~&r·~s~· il~·~·~·~~~·'!l'9~·~~~·s~·~~·%·a.:·l'4~1 What is the use of aspiring for wealth and fame when one does not possess the skill to acquire them. f'~~·~~·~l
whatever is more advantageous s~·:.:.c:.·a.:·~·l'4~·
-C!JC:.·~·~·~·-C!J~c:.·~-C!J~'-C!J~C:.'1 advantageous to you.
Please do whatever is more
48
~-r4~"t:l~~·-i1~1 to understand the benefit ~·:ll:llllll'~·~·r.s;·~(I.T~· ~~~~~·Cl!·~_ijfr:_l!ll'~'rS~·~r:_·~~·l:ll~·~~~~~~·~l:ll~~~~l You are requested to come here with the thought of benefitting the society.
~-~3c:.·1 ft:l"~3c:.·1 apart/ separate ~~·~·!Cl!'FJ~·l:ll~i·Cl!~~~~·~·l:llir:_·s· ~~~·~a·~;·~~~~~·!Cl!'FJ~·l:ll~i·~r:_·~sCl!·~·~·~r:_·~·~~~ Tibet having remained apart from the rest of the countries, could not develop relations with other countries of the world.
~c:.~·~c:.~·t:~~·tN'~1 humbleness with conscientiousness ~~~~~·s· ~~·~·~~~~~~·;"l·~·~r:_~~~~·~r:_~~~~·~l:ll·c1;~·~r:_·~;·~·"1·~l:ll·~~~
Great and
noblemen are very humble and conscientious.
Ff~·CJ~·~c:.·~c:.·~9o.J't:l~·~9 Lit.: heart of the body and eye of the forehead/ Sense implied: very dear and precious v.ijfr:_· ~~~~·~l'l:ll·~·~~·ii·~r:_·~a·ffl:ll·~a·~r:_·~r:_·~sCl!·~a·iil:ll·~~~ His Holiness the Dalai Lama is the heart and eye of every Tibetan.
Ff~·CJ~·~c:.·o.J·~~-~~-~1 ~~c:.·o.J·s~~·CJ·a;9~-~~-~~~
ut.: if
there is no illness inside, there is no reason to have black spots on one's face/ Sense implied: If someone is innocent, there is no need to feel guilty
Ff~·tNc:.~·r4~·15~ 1 to accept defeat patiently (positive) Cl!(I.T'~i· ~;·cr~~~·~a·~~·~·ffl:ll't.\ft:_l!ll'r.s~·r5~·l:ll;r:_·~.ijf~~~~l One needs to accept defeat patiently in order to fulfil a big task.
49
rr~·~if~·iJ..!~~·itl)'~1 £:~al)'r.J'~·~·ifiJ.J1 If there is no one to make you angry, to whom would you practice patience?
rr~·w~~·l)~~· ~1 broad minded and brave !llJ"fll:l"~·~s·~~·~· ~~·t~~~c:.~·aJ·~zQJ·~·c:r~~~·CJ·~~~ The head of a state should be broad minded as well as brave.
rr~·l)~~·Q.Ff.:~;.·£:~~~~·~·Q.~~ Lit.: He is constructing a mandala) Sense implied: One who is deeply engrossed in thought.
Q.(S~~·~~·.af~·l)~·~~~·~~·=~1 clothes when it is cold and food when hungry l:l1t:l."S~·Q~·~·f4·~·~·t:l.rs~~·~~-~~·~c:.·fZl'i~· ~~·:~~·~2\-~fl~·~-~~1 It is kind parents who give clothes when one is cold and food when one is hungry.
Q.[§~~·J.:~;.· ~l)'£:1~ to intentionally stir up trouble ~-~il2\"f4cl.r.i;· ~:~·s·~~·t:l.~~~"f2\'~~·~:~a-s~·CJ·QJ·~;~~~·~~·~c:.·1 Most of the civil wars were outcome of the disturbances intentionally created by outside forces.
Q.[§~.,~.£:!~~·Q.E:~1 holding/taking a mistaken appearance for truth/to grasp truth at the illusory appearance/ It is a philosophical thinking.
iJ..!~~·r.~q·~~·r.~·~·w~·w~·1 ~~·~·~9·r.~·w~·w~·~1 Lit.: although it is a big sin, it is small for the wise; although it is a small sin, it is big for the idiot/A heavy negativity is light for the wise but a light negativity is heavy for the stupid Sense implied: A holy man knows the remedy for the sin whereas an idiot does not.
50
Z3rs~·q~·s~·~~·r.q in a helpless situation dilemma ifl:;l'fr::.·D.~~· ~~r~~r::.·~·~~·~~·~l:;l(\f'~'S~'~~·s~·~~·~·~~"''S'~~~ One will be in a helpless situation during the examination if oae does not study properly. Z3l'~~·q~·~~·~~'Ql to have no control over one's talk ~r::.· l:;l~r::.·~·~·l:;la·l:;l~·~l:;l"''l!i'~·a~·~~·a~·il~·~·~~·~·~~~ When someone is intoxicated, he has no control over his speech.
Z3l·i;·q~Z3l·~qc:_·l whatever is there ffr::.·~·s~·~·~·~·~~~·~~r::.·~~~· f4~·~·~~·~·&l~·~·~~~ benefit of others.
Whatever is there in his hand is for the
Z3l·i:·w~·~qc:_·l anyhow/ in any case/ whatever it may be s~· ~r::.·~·~·a:f~·~·~·~·~~·~~r::.·.s~·~:;J·~~~·~r~r::.·a.r~e.a.r~·&l~t Any how I will return your loan within a month.
Z3l'i:·w~·~l;... ~qc:_·l no matter what one claims to be s~·~r::.·~·~· w~·a~·~~r::.·f5~·~r::.·Cll·~~:;J·i)·~D.I~'i!~·~~\~~·l No matter what you claim to be I will definitely not lend the book. . . . . ....,
9·~·w~·~qc:_·l
x-;
..... ...,
anything that is available 1.. r::.·"'l·~·~·D.I~·~·D.~r::.·~r::.·
~·~~"''~Cll·§~·"rif~·~·~~~ He gives half of anything that he has to his friends.
51
t~rOl~·~·Ql~ 1slowly/ gently OJ'-~'"l'r:TJ'cil~·r:TJ·cil~·s"~·~·~"~·"!r:TJ·a.ra!i~·~· 3.1·~~l
One cannot finish one's work in time if one does it
slowly. ~·(l.r~·~~1
from everywhere/ from all directions "'
~·~3.1''-l'a.J'a.J'
Y.:""" ...
Many people come to Dharamsala from every different countries of the world. ~OJ'fll;l'r:T)'"~'r:T)'~"l·3.1·3.1c:_'
"' "' t!>Q"l'Q~~·r:T)~c:_·Q·~~r Last year His Holiness the Dalai Lama visited'\nany countries abroad. ~r::..·~~·53~·~~1 by all means/ in all respects ~·r:T)~·r:TJ~=-·~·r:T)c:_·%~· il~'~"l·~·~r:T)·r:TJ~=-·OJ'-~'Sr:T)'~·~~l The Indian government is better than the government of China in all respects.
~r::..·~~a:~·Ql~~1
whatever is good ~OJ'fll;l'~·~~·~·r:T)c:_·~r:T)~·
%·cilr:T)"!'~r:T)·r:TJ~=-·~r:T)"~'r:T]~=-·r Please do whatever is good for the country.
~r::..·~~~~·~·~~~~1 as soon as possible Cf~·il·~r:TJ·(c:_·i!3J'J;J'r:T)c:_· 3.l~r:T)"~'%·3.l~r:T)"~'~·il·~·fl·OJ·r:T)~c:_·~·~~l One thousand Tibetans shall be sent to U.S.A. as soon as possible. ~r::..·1~·1~
"'~ .. to do as much as one can do r.
~·~~·~·~"!'J;J'r:T)c:_·fr:TJ·fr:TJ·~~~·~;~·r:TJ~=-·Q·~~l Tibetans do as much as they can do for their country.
52
-~~.:t:lry~·~·cn't1
l'~·~~~·~~~
an efficient person
:::. ":F. 0\ "":? ..... ~'-~'&J~::.~·~·~::.··l·~::.·c:JryC:.'~·
The secretary of the Library is an efficient
person.
~~·t:l~·~~·t:l~'~'t'CJ1 desperately looking everywhere ::.r:::~·~· ~'CJ:t~~·t.~~'f4'&J'~·~~·~::.·CJ~·~~·Cl~·iJ~·t.~::.·g~·~·~~~ The mother who lost her child is desperately looking everywhere.
....,
§::.·~::.·1
Any how it is good that the teacher has come.
~~·~t:l·~·~t:l1 as best as one can ~·~::,·~~c:.·~~·?f~·~·~CJ~'c:Jl'a.rc:J· l-C1!·~~~·::.&J·~r::..·~CJ·~·~CJ·~~c:.·w~1 The government of India provided their best to help the Tibetan refugees.
~·1\~t:!'~t:l1 as much as possible Cl'!J'~~·~~·::.c:.·~·~~~·tfOJ·~~~· 2\&J'~'l'')'~Cl'~Cl·~~r::..·~·~~~ Tashi helps his friend as much as possible.
~~·q~'t·q~'t1 whatever one likes ~~c:.·~·~c:'~·tr=s~·::.c:.·~::.·~~·~r::..· ~~')·~~')·~~r::..·~·CN~·tf~r~~~ It is not good to do whatever you like with the government property.
~~·~t:l~'t:l~'t:l1 whatever is convenient ~~·Cll~·~c:.·~CJ~'CJ~'CJ'~· S')·::.r::..·~~·f~·a..r~~r::..·~~~·~~r::..·l convenient to you first.
53
Please
do
whatever
is
~~·s~·~·s~
to do one's best if~·Z31~C:.'"--"C:.•·rZ3lr::s.Qr~·sZ3l·~e.t·r:r
W~f I did my best for the Tibetan government.
~~·qs·~~·~~·~q~·l whatever it may be if~·~c:.·Q\(~·~·~~·~·~"1~· C:.ClS'l:llC:.'~S·~Z3l·w~·~·~c:.·Z3l~c:.·cil~·s~·~~e.t·r:rw~l We should struggle for our independence whatever the problems we might face.
~~·~~·;,y~·~~·t
~~·s~·~~·~~·s~·~t
~~·~~·;,y~·s~·~.t1~·~t
unrestramV to atl without decency/ to spea~ Without
decency fQ·I3J~·~c:.·~·Z3lc:.·~c:.·~,~c:.·~c:.·s~·~·rQ·I3J·~e.t·s~·~~~·s~·~ ~~~ If you do whatever comes to your mind in the school you will be dismissed from the school.
~~·;,y~;,y~·~~·~~l after a while/after sometime rs~·~c:.·w~~· ~s~:~e.t'Z31C:.'l!.:l;l!e.t'~l:ll·~e.t·~~·Cfl~·~·~~~ After a while you will feel happy when you reach the United States.
~~·~ar::r~ac:tl with great care ~itJ·~~·~·le.t·fq·~Z31· ~ lle.t'"-''Z31C:.'Z31.aQ· Z3l.iQ'QijQ'Z3l~c:.·~·~~Z31 The teachers are teaching the students with great care.
~~·ClJ·~~·;,y~;,y~l quite good Ffc:.·~c:.·Q·Z3lc:.·""·Z3lc:.·l!.:t;l!e.t'~Z3l·Cf~Z31·~· ~C:.'"--'Q~Z3llf.I'~~Z31
He stays in a quite good house.
~~·~~·~·~~l to the best of one's knowledge/whatever one knows ~~·Cl1Z3llf.l'~e.t·Z3lc:.·~e.t·~·~e.t·jft;r{~·Z31~C:.·~·~~Z31 The teacher is teaching to the best of his knowledge.
54
9C:."l.f"9C:."03l everywhere c:.~·~"l(ll"crQ.I(~·~c:.·"lc:.·(ll·"lc:.·Ool·Q.~5c:.· Uf~l My friend has the experience of having gone everywhere in the world.
9c:.·f.f·~·i!~l in every field ~·~·~·f3·~·e·~"l"Ool(ll""lc:.·•·r~·i!~·~(ll·s"l""l" Uf~l The U.S.A.is better than China in every field.
9C:."t::!l.f&T"Q"~"t::!.tl~·Ql to say whatever is in the mind "lc:.·~(ll~· cr~·~~·~f3~"0ol""l(IIC:."~·~~·~·~c:.·l One should not disclose the secret to someone who says whatever comes to his mind 9t::!"~l.f"Wt::!"~f.fl hide and seek c:.·~c:.·~c:.·~~·~(ll·"l~·~(ll·~~·~(ll·~c:.· Cf~~·~c:.·l When I was small I played the hide and seek game a lot.
9~·q~q~~·q~ij~·Ql
to wander everywhere ~·~c:.·"lJ\"Q.~
Q.~2\·Q.~il~·c.r(4~(11·~·~~l without purpose.
Mr.Tshering roams everywhere
9~·~c:.·m·~~l not to know where one has gone "12\·~c:.·Q.~J:.· -~ (IIC:."""~·~;~l
not to know where one has gone/ out of sight
-
!!~·
9yl"'~·~(II·Ffc:.·J:.c:.·"l2\"~C:.·t!.·il~·t!."l(ll"ifc:.·l Nothing is known about him (where he has gone) since he left the school.
-""
9~"l.fC:."{f.f·~~l ~
no trace of one's whereabout
~a!;~·Ool·~~·~·
~~~(ll·~c:.·~"l(II"CI"l!l2\"~C:.·i:(ll·il~·~·~2\·Q.~"l Although a thief entered the house at midnight, there was no trace of his whereabouts in the morning.
55
~03·~~~l'f· ~~·2fl extremely important ~~·a;·~~·'i'~·:w:.r::.·c:~tap:~;rc:~· '0
c:ra.r~a.r~~r::.GI·~;·~·~;·Q-'&'1;1
This document is extremely important to prove Tibetan Independence.
~03· ~·~~·~3.!f to take great care ifr::r~~·~·~.,·a!;·aJ·~aJ·~·~~·~;· ~a~GI·fr::.·~;r::.·~aJ'~1 One should give great care of to the student's education.
~03· ~·~l'f·~~~l'Jf important and urgent ~r::.·~·~.,·~·'i'~·~·~~·&l~· Jr::.·~·~·~·~aJ·~·~.,·~~~.,·~~;.,·~r::.GI·~~·~·a;~·a!~1 It has become important and urgent to study Tibetan language these days.
~03·~~~· ~~·2fl very important f~:~·~~·~%~·aJ·:w:.r::.·~·C1!~·f5:w:. ·~aJ· ~;~·~;·Q-~·s~·a;~·a!~1 A degree has become very important
for a student.
~03·rr~·03·~~·ry~·~c:.·l ~3.J'CJ~· ~l'f'03'c:!~· ;t;:z;.l Lit.: to emphasize the important ones and to make a hundred repetitions of a spiritual practice/ Sense implied: to emphasize f5~·:w:.r::.· ~-.r·~e;·~.,QJ·~~1 &l;·;·~r::.·~QJ·c:r~·QJ·;;·ry;·~r::.·~~·~~·i'.,·aJ·~:~~·
ffi:w;.·~·~~·~·~r::.·~:~!:w:.·~.,·~·~i1 It was clear to you, however as to emphasise this I told you again.
~l'f·c:~~:z:.·w·:z:.c:.·l to res.pect and admire :w:.r::.·~·if~:~·~~i'aJ'ZUGI'C:~~:w:.· ~·:w:.r::.·~;r::.·c:~·~·'i'~·~·~~.,.~.,.c:tar::.·cr~~·~~1 It is the- Tibetan
custom to respect and admire one's master.
56
- -
;) . ~ ~trlf'Q\l·~~~\~~l
.... respected and beloved v "lr;'tt,r~~61'!.1"]~·.!1~·
cr~·~e:!.l·mr;·~r;·~·tlrr;61·~61·~61·~t~"l~·~~·~~·~·i~·cr-~·a,·tlf~r His Holiness the Dalai Lama is respected and beloved by all Buddhists throughout the world.
9-t·lftrll·t·i!~·z::.tl to hear nothing about someone ~~·~61'0ol"]61' f~·~·l'~·~a·t61·~·~~·l'61·~·~~·~·.!1"]61'~r;·r Since Tashi left the school, l,lothing has been heard about him
9-t·lz:,·t·i!~·z::.tl nonsense ~~·~"l·~~·l~l~~·~a·~"l~·ir'a.!·~·~s· !.l'"]~r;·r
Please do not talk such nonsense.
9'~~·aJ9~'~9~l to understand very well 611;61'~61·~·"1~~;·~~· ~~~·tll"]61'~"]61'tllr;·~·Ool61'f!'Cl-!.!·i:~l It is not easy to understand well the meaning of the Buddha's teaching. "' Y.: .i1 9'Q'tll9'~Ql misinterpretationa'i~'!.l~·"l~r;·t>.~"]'"~'!-.1'..,61'~'61r;61·~61· ...., ..... ...,.., ~
~...,
;:J·"]~r;·Ooi·"]·~·Ool"]'~~·t>.~r::. ·~~·t>.l~l
There
is a danger of
misinterpretating~uddha's teaching if one does not know the
--
presentation of valid cognitions properly.
~9'~C:.'il~·~c:.·l
Lit.: to have heard or experience/Sense
implied: to have familiarity with "J~·cr~!fr::.·l'61·!fr::.·!.lr::.·Cftlf~· ~·a.!·f61·S61'~·Q:l"l61'~"9~·l'~·~·i;~l One will get a good lesson if one asks an experienced old man.
--
9'tll'&J'9
._-
. clearly/ to have half heard ~"1~'!-.ICI.S'"]'Ool' not hearmg
!.l'~"l~r::.·~·l'4~·l'"]61'~~l It is useless to engage in discussion that is not heard clearly.
57
ar~.:33i'~·t:\~l!r::3"71 improving
means of promoting or advancing! ~Gl·~~·~li\'!Gl·ajr::.·33l'll\·~fS!Ir:JGl'~·~r:J·~·l'l:llGl'fl:ll·
~ajGl·~:~·~~~ It is necessary to read many different books as a means of improving one's educational standard.
afc_·~"l'ar~.-~1 higher and higher/ to promote ~z:~~·~sll\·!· ~~l:llGl'r:l~~·afr::.·~Gl·ajr::.·~·fi~·r:l·~·~r::.·~Gl·!·~z:.~ar~sll\·!·~f~r::.Gl·~Gl· ~ajGl·z:.t·~~~ In order to promote economic development, it is necesary to know the modem economic methods.
(c_·~·z:!l%1:11·~~1 Lit.: to become one solid/ Sense implied: unity/ integrity/ solidarity tS'~·il·~r::.Gl·[l:llGl'33S~·r:J~~·afr::.·s· 1:1131:1l·~ll\·~r::.·~·J\r::.'r:Jt~·df~·z:.tll\'f4~·l'I:I1Gl'i1 It is very useful to have solidarity among Independence.
the
Tibetans
for
acheiving
their
(c_·~~·~"l·r.t1 the power of unity/ the spirit of solidarity !' ~l:ll·~Gl·q~·e·i~·33r::.·l'l:llGl·~·afr::.·~~·~Gl·~:~·l:ll~li\·S!IqGl·sGl·~~~ Chinese have tried to destroy the spirit of Tibetan solidarity.
(33·r.t·&~~~·'f"l1 Lit.: to step a forward/ Sense implied: to advance ~Gl·~~~·~li\'!Gl·~r::.·q·~·af33·~:~·33~~·~Gl·33~~·~·f~ajGl·z:.t· ~~~ It is necessary to advance step by step for the progress of a project.
(&~·r.t·f~·'f~1 Lit.: to step earlier/ Sense implied: to be ahead ~l§ara;Gl·~·e·~l:ll·~Gl·;·;-r::.·a'j33·z:~·l:llr::.·f~·fGl·sGl·~~~ Japan has taken a step ahead of China in the field of technology.
58
eo.. ~ ~&rz:r~;.y·~'!!~l
. ,:") ~ e. progressmg step by step a;~·~~·;.;·;c:.·~·Zll~·c.y·:l\~·
~~~·Zll;c:.·~~·;·~·~·Zll~Zl'1·1i"1i"!a.!"f·"t~·~~·~·~~~ If one progress step by step in politics, one day one will gain victory.
-
,.; ~;.y~·t:rOlc:..~·...,~l
-
'::. ..... spoiled habits ~~·~Zll""'-Xl;·~·~Zll~·a.r·Zll~~·c.y·a.rc:.t~r
~:1\·~·a;Zll·c.y·Zll;c:.·~af~l One should not indulge in bad habits, like smoking and so forth.
af;.y~·~~~·c:..~·c.'l bad habits a:;~~·~~·c:.;·c.y·~c:.·~~·;~·fc:.·~·~·slll· Zlla.r·~;·Cf~~~ It is very important to abandon bad habits from childhood.
af;.y~·~~~·~.ac:..·Qj good habits il·~c:.·ur·:l\~~·~·~·~~r~·~af~~·~~· ~=c:.·Cf~·slll·~~·~~l Children from a good family have good habits --eo..
~;.y~·~""l·~c:..·z:Jl
-e. e. ..... e. old custom -~ ~~·;,;·~Zll~·!ia.r·f)c:.·c.y·a.r·a;c:.·~"'-·!;·~·s"'-·
s~·~c:.·;~·s·~·~~a.r·Zll~·~Zll·"'-~Zll~·~a.r·~~~ In the age-olcl custom of Tibet, a would-be bride is garlanded a torquoise by the boy's family as an engagement gift.
--
-
~ ~~·Ol·~~·&rfl~·s~·~·~~·~·~~·~·a;~l
=~·Ol·.:r&rfl~·s~·~·=·~·
~~·~·a;~l If one carefully wears clothes, the clothes will never be worn out and if one eats moderately, the food will never run out.
sc:..·?f~·~~-~~~l compensation for the loss a.r!.r~:l\·~-~~-c.y~·Fc:.· c.y·~~~-Zll~c:.·~~·~~Zll"'-l"ilc:.·~c:.·lll~C:."i~·fc:.·?;Zll·~;·Zll~~·Zll;c:.·~·~~~
59
Because the government demolished the houses on the sides of the road, the govt. will give compensation for the loss.
~~· ti;·Qj a pretender/ malingerer i:l·t:l.~'CI.J~·'1·s')·~~-~')·,f;·Cf~·sl3r
t:l.Sl:ll This man malingers at the time of work. very
excellent/
abundance
in
'"'
t:l.~l:ll~l
It doesn't matter for a practitioner even if the facilities are not very excellent. I
'l!'~9'b~~·Q~".l ever ready/ fully prepared ~-l-~')'CI.J't:l.~~"·~; ~131·~~-z::~~"·&l~l
We are fully prepared to go to Tibet.
'll9~·r.~·~(l!·~~·l excellent reputation ~i;!CI.J·l31a~~·;131~·"€z::~·~:~~·~~· S'~iJJ~·~·~Zll~'Cl'~CI.J'§~·"€cr~')l The noble laureate have gained excellent reputation .
.....
~-t::l~')-~')1
Countless people were killed during the war.
-
~ 'lJ(l!'".&!'q£1tJ'8'~l
~ '"' class struggle ')iJJ~~·l:llot:l.'~CI.J'flt::I'~~-~CI.J'"iJJ't:l.S!t::l'
f')·~·z::~·~~·il')l country.
There is no class struggle in a democratic
~~·.tt·~~·Qj alert/ alive ~-~~·z::~·~iJJ~'il:ll'~·~~·*l·~')·Cf~~~·~:~·~·~~-~131CI.J'~~·Cfi;~l It is very important for security guards to be always alert and vigilant.
60
~r:r11s~·r~·i)"l flawless philosophical school ,·~~ar;~·u.t~·~~ ttf~·q~·~q'lll!~·~~~e.s·~q·III!~·J~·il~·~~~ A philosophical school with valid reasonings is called a flawless philosophical school.
~~·~~s~·~~·i)~l Lit.: irrespective of the sects/ Sense implied:
ecumenical ~'3'1115~·~e.s·il~·Ql·ifq'f~·~~~·!·~Ql·~~·~~~~ It is important to study (faith) irrespective of the sects.
~~·~~s~·~i~·~a"l biased attitute toward the philosophical
schools/ sectarian ~'3'1115~'Ql'~s~·IS~·s~·~·~~·,~·ar'1"e.s·~~e.s· !·~·~~·~~~
Sectarian people cannot actualise realisation.
f~~·f·~c:.·~~~~·l:l·1·w~·~~1 Lit.: the favour that is coming to the mouth is pushed away by the tongue/ Sense implied: to reject an opportunity/to miss an opportunity Qle.!'"fU>t~~·~s·sq·~~·~~·~e.s·~~·s~·q·~·.f~e.s·F3·~~·qiiqe.s·q·t~e.s· SQl'il~·q·~~·~~~~e.s·iftt Not availing of a good job opportunity of job resembles the favour that has come to the mouth being pushed away by the tongue.
f~~·i)~·~~~·~l
Lit.: to have no friend/Sense implied:
alone/ loneliness ~i·q~·~e.s·~·.f~e.s·il~·~~~·s~·~f~~e.st One has to go alone at the time of death.
fc:.·l:l~·~·~·wc:.·~·c:.~·~~·~~~~l Lit.: to mourn three days even for the death of one's neighbour's cow/ Sense implied: to respect or share other's suffering, such as not playing radios and so forth during the misfortune
61
?i'~·~·~c.·~~ure~·~~~·~·'1·~·'1·~~·~·o.~c.· 5 ·c.~·~l:ll·l:ll~~·s~·~·~~~ Tibetan people even mourn three days at the death of one's neighbour's cow.
9J'~~~·g~·~Ql to consult and examine OoJ~·~~·~~a·f:.;..·l:ll~~·a.r ~~·s·:~·~'1'l:lj~c.·~·o.tl:lj'~~rS~·$·~~~
One will gain a good understandiing of the work if one examines it and consults others.
9f~~·ar~.,rr 55~'.1\~'~f.f·~l'~r one's own decision 8]~·~~'!Cl'ftl3'~~·tl3·~9tl3l
elephant
load/
consult others and make
Lit.: to load a calf with an
Sense
implied:
to
over
load
~·~·a:f'1~''1~'QJ'C.OoJ'(o.r~OoJ·z:::r~·mc.·
somebody/exploitation
i~·~'1·~~0oJ·C:!s·OoJ·~~OoJ''1'C)C.'l:lj~l:lj·~·~~~ Engaging in the labour at the age of fourteen is to over load or exploit children.
m~·f~·~~'aJf.f'f~f.f·r.riJ~l ~.ar:~·ff.f·~~·aJf.f'':IJ~·Q·it~J
There is no greater hunger than at a picnic; there is no greater cold than in the new dress/
~C3~·~~[9Q1 to sing and dance a:fl:lj~:l\'~'1~'"1~·'9~~·a;c.·~~·~· ti!~·S"~f.l'1'SC)'~'~C)l
Everyone will dance and sing during
Losar.
~~·Q·~·~~f.fl a fool's persuation OoJ~·~~·l:llc.·~~·~·o.~c.·i]~·~·tfJ
~-9~·s·~·~c.·1 One should not engage in a fool's persuation whatever kind of job it may be.
62
Sf't::!~·~·r..1~·~~~-t:f~'~l:Jl Lit.: it did not help the lungs but it poisoned the liver/ Sense implied: Instead of help it became a harm to somebody.
sr~~·i't::!'~l:ll suddenly £:.~'~"1~rQ-fs~·"fq·!"l'~"l~·il·~"l'~41·~s~· if£:.'1 My friend suddenly returned from Ga Mi-nyag.
sr~~·:;l:Jl·l:ll~~1 sudden represion!sudden attack ~~r!'"141.~41·f s~·s"1·"1~~·"1·~41·g~·il~·~41·f3"1'Q-~~1 It is difficult to know when there will be sudden repression by the enemy.
",l:Jl~·j~~-~~CJ1
",l:Jl~·f~st~r~1
a mixture of joy and
sorrowa:f&~£:.·?.11i·t41'lfl'&~~·~£:.·~·s·~"l·~·~"l~·f~£:.·~saJ·i'f£:.·~·~~1 There will be a mixture of joy and sorrow when a mother meets her son after a long time.
",l:ll~·"'l:ll~·~"'·~"', ",l:Jl~·"'l:ll~·rw ",l:ll~·~QJ'w·~~·1
happily/
joyfully/ rejoicingly i5"~·il·.f;£:.'&~'a:f"141~·~q41·~"1~·~"1~·~~·~~· £:.£:.'{~·~·~~1
All Tibetans Jive happily during Losar.
",l:Jl~·if~·l'l:Jl'.ill\11
to be happy and be contented/to be
satisfied and pleased ~£:.'aJ'"l£:.'cN~·t.~·~·aJ·~"l~·if&~·l'"l·~41·g~·t.~· ~&J41'cit~·~~1 It is a religious practice to be satisfied with what
one has. " ~ ",l:Jl~·~~·~~·~~CJ1
'"' '::. ........ 0.. ..... "' ~ celebration E:.~'"lo~·&~~'a;£:.·41~-~"1~·~~-;~·~:jaJ'
41£:.'~~·~~1 Tomorrow is my sister's marriage celebration.
63
~~~·tf~·a!l close friends and well wishers c::l-~r::.·~r::.·~~-1'4~· ~~·~"1~·~-?:f~~~
We were dose friends from childhood on.
~~~·f~FJOl'Ql bubbled over with joy "1~~-~0J""l.ar::.·~·~~~· ~~·3J·a!;r::."1W~"l~"J~"~·~·~f[OJ·~c::l All Tibetans bubbled with joy when they heard the good news.
~~~ ·;:~-~~~ '3.!~~ to be biased ~r::.·l"l~·~·~s·~~-~-~"1~·3l~·~"l~· ~~"l·~·s~·~f3~·~·~s·~~~·CJ·~~~
Public leaders should be
unbiased
~~·~~·Q.az:_·2Ja·~~·~~ f4'3.l'Q.az:_·2Ja·~-~~ Lit.: students of a good teacher; children of a good parents/ Sense implied: A student will be as his teacher and a child will be as his parents/ an example of goodness/ This is used to appreciate someone's children or students. ~~·~~~·j~·itOll constructive suggestions and criticism "1~~· ~~~·I:J·sr::.·?:f~~·~·~~-~~~·f~·i!OJ""l~r::.·~~~~ One should give constructive suggestion and criticism if the news writers are honest.
~~·~~·~,~·~~ Lit.: white virtues and black non-virtues/ Sense implied: good and bad/positive and negative
~f3~·
I:J~"OJ~·~~-~tlf~"l~·~"l·~~·""r::.·~~·~·~·~~~ Scholars will never mistake the positive and negative action.
~~·~~·~~·Q~Oll Lit.: to explain virtues and to release
64
(from) non-virtues/ Sense implied: to show what is right and wrong l)~·q~·q.?~(ll'"l~~·~·~(ll·~"l~·~·l)~·q*ll)"i"l·q~Q.I·"j~c-_· ~·~·&l~·e~·~l)l It is the duty of the spiritual master to show what is right from wrong.
~afc:.~·Q·~~~'Ql
same opinion, assertion, thought and
interpretation '3"1~·~~:1\"l)c-_"qf(~·~~:l\·~·l)~c-_(ll"CI'"j%"j·e~·~l)l The interpretations of thei
""
...,.,
~~c:.~·~~·~~~·t::l~~l
to beg one's pardon honestly/to ask for
forgiveness f3"(1lc::~(ll·J\·q~q·e~·~c-_·q~~·Drc-_·~q·&~·ilc-_·1 l)~c-_(11·1)"1' ~"j(ll''3~~·~·~rDf'I)J
Yesterday I could not come to our appointment for which I beg pardon.
~afc:.~·Q·~s~·s~·Ql complete thought (llc-_(ll·~(ll·~·l)~c-_(ll·e~·l)g(ll· S~'CI'~'r'olCli'CI(Il'.il(ll'~q·~·5r~l)1 An ordinary man cannot understand the complete thought of Buddha.
~afc:.~·Q'l\..c:.·~~l Lit.: no way but to resign f'c-_·~(ll·"l~c-_·I)~Cll· ~:;JJ\''3a(ll'9(1l"tc-_·l)~c-_(ll·e~·:l\c-_·~(ll·sl)·l)~(ll·~"l There is no way but
to resign for he was involved in the misuse of government money.
-
...,., "" ~·~~l ~~c:.~·[~~·~
death anniversary
~c-_·e~·ffic-_·5J(Il"(llc-_(ll·~(ll·
*1~·~q·e~~·l)~c-_(ll"["j(ll'afqf(J\ "!:(ll"S~·~·q·~l)l
All Buddhists annually commemorate the Mahaparinirvana of Buddha Shakyamuni.
~afc:.~·t::l~~· ti~·i!~l to give great consideration ~·ii·~·f3·"l~c-_·
65
~~·tf~·il·:fa.~·~.q;c:_arct~~·a;~·ii~·tll~c:_·t.i!~·i;~l The united States government gave great consideration to the Tibetans.
~~f-1'3J~'Q'OJ~ necessary things/ necessity roc:_·FJ~·f~·a.~·~.q;~· 3J~'o'a.ttll'a;c:,·3J·9)~·-tftll the picnic.
Buy all the necessary things befo~
~~f-1'3.!f~~·~f-ll self-suffient ~·~c:_·~·~.q;~·3Jf!-~c:_·~~·~·~a.t·fJct' tll~tll·i;~l Japan is a self-sufficient nation.
~~f.l·q~~·~~·q~~·l a wish fulfilling gem ~~·s·~.q;~·/2.~~·~~· 12.§C:,'a.t'tllifa.t·ct·~·ct;ct·zc:_·ll.~ct·~·i;~l Whatever prayer one makes before the wish-fulfilling gem will be fulfilled.
~~~rc.r~~· ~~l purpose/significance/benefit l'~·sc:_~·~~·~.q;~· ~·~a,·3Ja;~·tll·i;·t.i!~·i;~1 dharma.
What is the purpose of studying
~~f.l·~~·~l~f-l'l'f-ll unnecessary decoration/ elaboration
13]'
+!tll'~c:_·~·~.q;~·ii~·3JE:~·l'~·~·I2.S'3Jl'c:_·~·ii~l One cannot find unnecessary decorations in a monl<'s quarter.
~C!l·~·~f-1·~~·~~·~·~3J'~f.l·§l·~f-ll Lit.: nobody knows when the enemy will come or a son will be born/ Sense implied: everything is so unce.rtain or one should be ever ready
~C!l·~~~·af~~ to mistake an enemy from a friend and vice
66
versa ~~·Zil~~·af{~~Q~&~·~~·~·~~·(Q·a'l·Q-~~l The tho~ght of taking an enemy for a friend and vice versa is very dangerous.
~Z!l·~~~·~s·~s~l to distinguish enemy from friend ~~:,~·~~· ~·~':!!·Zil~~·~s·~s~·~·SZ11~·1:3~&~·~~l distinguish an enemy from friend.
Buddha does not
~Z!l·~~~·&!~~·~~&!l an enemy, a friend and a protector il· ~~·C3~·~·~~·~':!1·Zil~~·&~a'j~·~~&~·&~·~:r:.·Q·s~·~~~·~~l Being humans one should not mistake an enemy, a friend and a protector.
~Z!l·~~ClJ·~~~·fc:.·l
to conquer one's enemy and protect
one's friends Zll~c,·~·~~·~~·~·~':!I·~~~·Zil~~·jc_·~·~~·~~·~Zil·~~l The government policy is to conquer one's enemy and protect one's friends.
~Z!l·~·s~·~w~ Lit.: enemy's servant/ Sense implied: slave ~':!l·~·s~·ZilcN'Zil·s~·C3·~~·~·1:3·~Zil~l become a slave of one's enemy.
It is better to die than to
~Z!)'&!'WC:.'~t:.·~~r'!l'~·a;l
Lit.: the arms should be ready before the enemy arrives/ Sense implied: making preparations in advance
~Z!l·~~·z::!~~·Q~'&!Qf'ClJ~ Lit.: the head and arms of an enemy killed by others/ Sense implied: to claim credit for other'swork~':!]·il~·Q~~·C3~·&~~~Zil·~·:r;.c,·~·s~·i~·~·~&~~·C3·~·~~·
67
~~·~~1 Claiming credit for other's work is a very low deed. ~~ ~9.Q"'i~·Q~~·Qo~q
to deceive and insult
-~ llj~~·~·!.lllj'l;'J1fl:l\·~c:.·
1;'Jf)41'l;'Jl'41'!-l'llj~C:.'1 Do not deceive and insult others.
~(" cn9· cn9·rs9·Sf~1 Lit.: to bleed from a cracked head/ Sense
-
implied: to be beaten until one bleeds :l\'l;'Ja·1f!l;'J41'!-l~!>llj'
....... rElll'~~·~c:.·~·t.~.tc:.· 1•)"ll]'llj'!.l':l\~1
In the state of intoxication, one will not know even if one has been beaten bloodedly.
~ar~~9·Q~·9~~1 from the beginning to the end ~c:.·i·~·sc:.· ~l;'J·~·~!.l41'~~~·1:l:.:.·!.l~!.l~llj·l;'J:.:.·llj~!.l·~·l!]Cll'.ii·l;'J·w~1 Compassion is very important for the generation of Bodhicitta from the beginning to end.
~afQ~'Q(r.r(_~·;fQ~9~1 Lit.: a clever man losing his hat/ Sense implied: the defeat of a clever man
~afo.~CIJ·~~·o.~CIJl Lit.: to offer one's head and body/ Sense implied: to surrender everything after the defeat of a
-
war ~!.lllj'l;'J~l;'J41'~41·~!-l·~·~:;n·C1!·3l·~~~-l;'J~~·~·!.l~~sC1!·~41·~sa.J·~· ..... ~llj41':1\~1
If the war is defeated one has to surrender everything to the enemy against one's wish.
~("it~·~~9·it~J Lit.: no beginning; no end/ Sense implied: disorder/lack of discipline or incomplete C1!41'"1'!-l~il~·!.l~llj· ij~·~·~s·s~·~·~41·~c:.·w~·.ii41'9~·~·;J·~~, incomplete work no one will trust you.
68
If you do such
~~a'f~a.t·~·~tq·~·l'.l\1 Lit.: unknown to the ear about the rotten head/ Sense implied: very careless/ not knowing what is happening nearby ~!a'fa.rit·~.I\·UIIc~;~.l\·df'~·it~·r.t1 Lit.: no time to rub one's head even if it catches fire/ Sense implied: to be very busy a;r;· ~~·i:~·ar~~aril·~ll\·~r;·sll\·aJr;·~r;·~~-~~~ After marriage one
will not have time to rub one's head even it catches fire.
11a'fa.ttq·~·~·~1
Lit.: a sore bigger than the head/ Sense
implied: to commit a serious blunder a.r~·l':l.~ar~·l':l.a;ll\'l:l)~· y,-
....
~-
....
1 :1\·~·~l:IJ·a.r~·s.(a:,·c:rz:J.::I'~~·~~·ll\~f If one
makes a mistake in the planning of project, it might become a blunder, like making a sore bigger than the head.
~~~~-it~·!~tq·i!~1 Lit.: without protector and refuge/ Sense implied: in a critical situation/ poor and down trodden ~,-~·~l't~rl:IJ~~·~·~~~·il~·~CJ~·il~·~~~.~·~·~~~·~CJ~·~~~
The Three-Jewels are the protector of all the poor and down trodden people.
~~~~tq·~~~~tq·stq·~·~ar~-~~~1 work done in haste always takes more time/ Whenever one does work in hurry, it is normally not done in a good way. Therefore one has to it again. Then of course it will take ·more time to complete the work. In such cases we use this expression. ~.Qf"~~·C'lJ·t,~·~tq~ 1infatuation with novelty in the beginning QJ"''"fll\ ·~~{~'QJ'tN'l:l)f.lll\ '9"~'~" ·~~l:IJ·~a.r·~~~·~,-~·~~~1 People 69
are infatuated with the novelty of a project in the beginning but it is rare to find someone who will complete it.
~.t(-~~6j·~~Jc:.·1 to care for & to bring up 1"4·~-r·~·~ll\·~~~~<11· ~l-Jc:.·~<11C:."I:;r~~~ Parents care for and bring up their children
~$CJ·~~·i'"~·ClJ·~~·[t~t1 Lit.: to stamp on the fallen/ Sense implied:to torture and insult someone in difficulty/ This is used when someone in difficulty is tortured and insulted. (tic:.":11\C:. "<11"1:3~"1(C:.·arQlGr""f<1iGr"Sll\ ·~~~·~:;~·~·~~arl:3~·l'~·ar ~~i-r·~"f On the top of being ill, he was dismissed from the job. This is to torture someone in difficulty. ~1!16j" ~·sat·~l
Lit.: matchless/ Sense implied: incomparable/
excellent ftic:.·~~c:.·z;T+l~·~~c:.·~·Ool·~~~·d!·~q:J04"1:3"~~~ excellent in giving speeches.
He is
~~ClJ"O!A"~A"A~ intersection/road-crossing (meeting place of three roads) ~~04·04~·~~·~~:11\·e.·~c:.·ur~·~~~~~~~ There is a good tea-stall at the intersection of three roads.
~{'~:;~So'{~·AF'-'1 wise manner of living in a society i·l'~e~· ~c:.·~f1:3•f~·~~.,.~.,·~·~c:.·~rl)~l One who knows the wise manner of living in a society is called wise person.
~{'1c:.'-'"{~·1c:.'-'1 how to manage in one's life r"4"~e~·ll\c:.·~~· ~ll\·~ff(C:.'~"f~·f(C:.Gr"f1:3"{<11·~~c:.·~~~~ Parents guide their children in how to manage their lives.
70
q~t:l~·{~·t::!~l very convenient to go or stay tl·~~~·s·~~f~·~~ "'~·{~·"'~·~·s~-~~1 It is very convenient to ~o or stay if you
are alone.
q~z::!~·~·or{~·~~·it3-f~ri!~l a traveller has no mind to stay/ somewhat sarcastic remark q~x:-~~·q~z~rx:-~~q a companion or a friend r:~:a.r~~~~~r ~~~-~~~r~·tl·~~~·3.1·~~~~-~~1 I have no one but a cat as my friend or companion.
~~·;f~itl:..·qrsl:..·~·~~l Lit.: time of an old woman who carries gold at her back/ Sense implied: time free of social menace/ This proverb is used to indicate the good old days when even an old woman could travel safely with gold at her back.
~~·fl·~~~·~~l the young obedient to the old "J~·f·~~~-~~-s~· ~·o.r·~I:J~-~~1
It is well mannered to be obedient to elders.
~~·~-~~·~l to become older and older r:.:l~·3.1·~~·~·3.1·~~~~·~·
-
3.1·~·~-~~-"J~··~·"J~·~-~~~-t~\~·~~1 Although we are not aware of it, we are becoming older day by day ~
~a.rqc::.z::.:~!"&J~~l
continuous fight
~
.......
~z:)"i;J"~·~~·a.!·4Ja.r~e:r:.·~·3.1~~-
~~-s~·~·~·3.1·~~~·r:.·la.!·~ll1·f·l"'I:J·~·~~1 If we continuously fight against the Chinese, one day we will certainly get the victory.
71
~·&,~~~&,~·~~·~·~03·~·~·~~1 Lit.: if the ocean can dry, frogs can die/ Sense implied: if the higher ones can sacrifice why not the lower ones
~·&J~~·~~r~·~§03"t:l1 Lit.: relation of a drop in the ocean/ Sense implied: to make karmic connection ar"-rz:~.ac:.·Cf~c:.·~· "''l-~·s~·~·~§C1!·z:~·~~c:.·~·~C1l·~~·Cf~~1 It is important to make a karmic connection with a good lama.
~·&J{%..·{'~s~~1 Lit.: to throw a ston~ in the ocean/ Sense implie
Do not touch an unmanageable work.
gt:J·~~~·&,~~~~·~~~
Lit.: to hit and jump at one time/
Sense implied: not to have a second thought ?J~·~r:.·z:~t~·~: ~~·Cll·~~·~~·~~·il·~r:.·"''~·z:~~"''·r~~·~%~·"'~£c:.~·~%~·~~~·~:~·w~ 1 For the Independence of Tibet, no Tibetan should have a second thought. ~
~
g~~·~·%..03'%..031
pudgy/ fat and shorVstout
~Cll·~·~r:.·i·Cfil·~~~
The pudgy dancer is not beautiful.
72
~
~~·"-~fl~·~~~·~:~·~Cll·
f~·~~·it~·C11·~tl]·~~·~·~~~ The success of a project depends upon whether one has support or not.
~r::r~~·~~c:.·~~~~ to have support, power and friendship r~· JJ·e·~tl]'C11'tt!·~·~a·e~;~·~~·~~r=.·tlJ~~·~~~ Chinese had support, power and friendship with Russia in the past
~r::r~~~·("{~ insincere/hypocrisy C11~·"!·e~;~·JJ~~·~(tlJ·S~l~~· JJ'~~~ One should not be insincere in one's work.
~
This is used to show someone is matchless. s~;~·~-f~·~·£!5J~·~~·~·5lrtlJ·~·~~·~·~·~~~
~r=.~·e~·*l~·
~r.~~·~l~~·~s~·~·dl·~;~·
1;1~~·~ Shakya Thupba was the best teacher just like moon among the stars. ~·~~·i~·~~c:..~·l
Lit.: one who follows wealth and gifts/
Sense implied: very greedy/ ~·~~·i~·~sr=.~·Ff~·s~·~·~·JJ· tl]~tl]~·tl]r=.·tJ..Tr=.·l'~;~·~·JJ·~~~ If you just follow wealth, you will get nothing except wealth.
~· a;·~Ff~C3! to procure necessities/ collections required for
project ~ijj~·~·~;~~r=.~·~a·~·a;·JJFf9!~;~·~·i~·~·r=.·C11·il·tl]~~·~ijj~l 1 need two persons for the procur"ement of necessities for the construction of a monastery.
73
t•;rtf!~'~(l.f'z:tli!'~·~l
Lit.: hoping to be alive though the
intestines are torn/ Sense implied: hope to the last i!3~·~t:.· crt~·~·~~·~·~·3J·.!.~·~·t.l.lt:.'l:ljif~·~·g~·~~~·~:~·w~1 Even when someone is nearing death, he should have hope for Tibetan Independence. t·~~·~~·c.yl without causes and conditions ~·il~·~t:.·~~·il~·~~·
l'~·l:IJ%l:IJ·~t:.·§t:.'cr·il~l No phenomenon arises without causes and conditions.
tz:tl·c.y·a:}z::rQ$c;.·l
Lit.: beating indiscriminately/ Sense implied: equal treatment (with respect to punishment) without judging what is right or wrong
cr;l:I]·~S~'3J'l:lj~t:.·
cr~·~l:I]'CI'~cr·crst:.·l:l]~c:_·~·t.l.ll:I]'~3J·~~~ It is not good to beat indiscriminately without investigation.
ifc;.·Qt(l.f'~·s·~·t:ltl Lit.: One who steals an egg will steal a hen too/ There is a Tibetan way of saying that to steal an egg is a sign one will become a thief when one becomes an adult. Oust to express this we use this proverb.)
ifc;.(l.f·;·I':2.Sz:tl(l.fl
lit : an egg suppports (lifts) a horse/ Sense implied: the strength of honesty or justice/ an example of justice
t:l$'F'z:tl~z:tl·z:t13'~l Lit.: a hundred mouths over-powered by one/ Sense implied: minority rule/ minority in power
74
c:!$'t:t~fc:.:q~ Lit.: to go by hundreds and thousands/ Sense implied: a sign to show many to and fro travellers ~·i!f~·~·q~·QJ·~~QJ·q·q~·~{'{~·~fcll~·q·~~l
There are hundreds and thousands of travellers between Tibet and China.
c:!$' m'C3$'i13.t'Ql hundred percent~~·~'I:IJG.T~·~~~·~·q~·~~~·q~·llst'c.J' '1~~·q·~~l His news is hundred percent true.
c:!$;~r;~tq·Q~~tql {c:.·~c:.·~tq'Q')3.ftql Lit.:to pick out and select fr~m among hundreds and thousands/ Sense implied: best selected candidates
c:!$'~~·fc:.·~~ Lit.: hundreds and thousands/ Sense implied: many/ in large number ~·il•.rQ'~·il·f~·~I:IJ'IR~·Q-~st~·I:IJaf~·q;~· q·~~l The Chinese killed thousands of Tibetans.
c:!$'c:!.l1')'{t:.'c:J..9')l Lit.: to say hundreds and thousands/ Sense implied: beating around the bush aJef'"l'~I:IJ'Qost'9~·~· '1~''14l~'f~·q4l~·s~·qef'r'4~'l"I:IJG.t'I:IJ~'~~·il~t If one does not work sincerely it is of no use in beating around the bush.
c:Jjfc:J'~J\·~s~l Lit.: irritating to the ear/ Sense implied: not listening to ~~c:.·~·c:J"lt:t'CJ'c:Jjfc:J'~J\·~s~·§')·~·~~·rzr~~·?f
~~l There is a great danger if one (does not listen to the government's order) takes government's order irritating to the ear.
75
c::Q.~fQ.~ Lit.: I will go/ He will go/ Sense implied: to
have a rush of volunteers (;·3-I·~;·;·Cll~·"l·§l:)·~~·c:.·t:l.~Ft:l.~ ':::.
~....-
.......
In the past there used to be many volunteers for work; saying that I will do; he will do. =~·;~·l:)c:,·jjc:,~·3.1c:.·.,ft.\IC:.·")·tl>ll:)l
c:.·~C!.l·~~·s~~l proud and arrogant c:,·~Cll·~c:,~·s")~·sl:)·;·a!;· 1"\·i'z::1·~·3.1·~1:)l arrogance.
One cannot gain knowledge with pride and
c:.·~C!.l·~·~c:.·l arrogance, hatred and anger c:.·~Cll·~·~c:.·§l:)·~~·
~;·1l·t:l.~'l1 One cannot serve ones purpose with hatred, arrogance and anger.
c:.c:.·t~·~c:.·CfJ tolerant people/ quiet people Z5\1l·~3.1~·ri~·~c:.~· ~.....
...
c:.c:.·~;·z::l.ac:.·•·rtl>ll:)·~·~l:)l
In general Tibetans are quiet people
c:.c:.·t~·~c:.·~c:.·l short tempered c:.c:.·~;·sc:.·sc.·§l:)·;·~;·~;·t:l.~'l·s'l·
~·3-~·~l:)l One cannot accomplish great things with a short tempered mentality.
c:.c:.·t~·~.ac:.·CfJ good nature ~·ifc:.c:.·~;·z::l.adf~3.1~·~1:)·C11·t:l.~~~·
.....
S")·t~>~c:.·l
Good natured girls are very attractive.
76
f:..~'Q'fl't::l~al1 to unite the evil persons ~~·t.l'fl't::l~a.r·~·t::J.a~:tft::J~' ~·.t,~(ll1 If evil persons unite there is no peace for good people.
~~·Q.z:,'~t:J~~·1 to flatter evil persons ~~·t.~%,'~t::J~c:.:s~·t.~·~·~E:~· ..,.., ...
~"'');";
".:>"'
~~·~·~~·.t,·...,(ll·~-o~·%,~1
One of the most serious shortcomings of an administration is to flatter evil persons
~~'Q'~9J"~·~~tr.f1
evil persons becoming very strong or proud/ This is used when there is disorder in a society where the evil persons become very strong.
~~·Q·,:t.z:,·~·t:Jo~·~1 t:J.a~·2fJt:J·~·~1 If evil persons are not defeated, the good people cannot feel happiness. ~~·Q·as~tr.r·:cf'.z:.1 indulged in bad habit/bad habit .!>C:.'%.~·~~c:.· ~%,'C:.~'t.l'a.!C:.(II'~%,·~·.t,~·t.~·~~c:.·~~(ll1 One should not indulge in Ute bad habit of drinking alcohol
~~·Q~·.z:,~·z::1~~1 ~·ry~·~t:J~~1 Lit.: Evil persons praise themselve as crows praise their feathers/ This proverb is used to appraise for self-praise ~~·s~·~~ifJ to appraise one's own evil deeds ~·~~·~~·~~(\!· ~(ll·c:.~·s(ll·a.r·~~if~~c:.·~·~~1 evil deeds. ~~·Str.r'1'~ZZ1
Evil people will appraise their
Lit.: nine various evil deeds/Sense implied:
77
exploitations or atrocities deeds ~·&l~·~~·CJ~.:c::.~·s~·~·~r~r l;!ryC::.'I;!'~~~
Chinese exploited Tibetans in various evil deeds.
Tit for tat instruction is not said in the thought transformation texts. c:.~·OJ~'CJ.=!C:.'~E.
opposite of tit for tat/ to repay the evil c::.~·a.r~·~;~.ac::.·~~·r.~.e.a.r·~.q;~·CJ·~·rfc::.·~·~JJ~'cit~·
with kindness
~c::.·~·l:TJ~C::.~·af~·CJ·~~l To repay the evil with kindness is said in the practice of thought transformation.
c:.~·it~~·~~'CJ\5C:.~1
to have always evil thought/always
harbouring bad thought 0.
~0.
c::.~·il~~·~~·r.~.if>C::.'S~·~·~c::.·~·~;~~~·
....
~JJ~·c::.c::.·l:!J~·.a~·r.~.~.(l:TJ'~~~
If one always harbour bad thought one's fortune will diminish naturally. c:.c:.·c:.~·~l:l'l~·~l:l'l~l
natural
urge/
involuntarily/
automatically/spontaneously c::.·~c::.·~a.r·~;~~JJ·fc::.~·CJ·~JJ~·c::.c::.· C::.JJ'~l:!J~·~~·~·~·~~~ Bad thoughts spontaneously arise in us.
c:.~.:~l:l'l~·~~·2Jr full of anger and spirit/angry and forceful C:.OJ'CJ'S~·CJ~~l
meeting the challenge of hardship with
courage/willingly bearing hardships f~;~'f'c::.·l:!J~C::.·~~·c::.a.r·~;~· rs~·~·~;~~~·~·~"lr.~.·a.r~·~;~5"~·~.q;~l One should put effort to meet the hardship with courage at the time of learning.
78
c:..arz::r~~.-.a~l attempt becoming useless &:~t~~a:~·f~"l·crif.r&:~;r::.·~· t::.C'-J"&:~"{r::.·.a~·~·~~~~·c.r~~l If one does not think properly, there is a possibility that one's attempt might become useless.
~·~2f~·~~l a cry in lamentation/crying desperately for help ~'TJ~·r::.OoJ·~~~·~t~~·~·~?5\~~~\s~·Qt~~·%·OoJ·r.s~l What is the use of crying desperately for help when one is in calamity?
~(a.rjfJ:.."OJt:..~q
uprising!
demonstrations
against
somebody/rebellion ij'~·~Ool"fl&:l"~t~~·~(OoJ· ij:l\ "Colt::. t~~·'2r::. t~~• ~!"Q" ~·~·df~~C'-J·~·~~"l this year.
The 35th national uprising of Tibet falls
C:~~~ ·~OJ·OJ~l sycophancy/ flattery r::.·~~"l~·~Ool·OoJ~·s~·a:~fl~·OoJ· ~"l~·Cfi!~l
I don't like those who flatter.
C:i~·C:~c:..·r nepotism/favouritism ~e:a:~·~r::.·~·~·l'"]t~~·ifir::.·a:~:l\·~ ~~·~~r::.·s~·a:~fl~·a:~r::.·Cft)f~·~~l In every society of the world, there are people who indulge in nepotism.
C:~~-'.";Jl il~·;Ji";Jl Lit.: wrinkled face and tearful eyes/ Sense
implied:
unhappiness
an
indication
of
suffering
and
"]~t~~·~t~~·~~·il·a:~r::.·~·&:~·~"l~:l\·a:~·~r::.·il"l·a:~~·a:~t~~·
~r::.t~~·~~"l Most of the Tibetan faces in Tibet are full of tears and wrinkles.
79
t::l~~~ One should cultivate the inseparable nature of one's Lama and the deity.
~ ~·F·~~~1 embarrassment ~~·il~·t:l.~~·s~·~~{l.r~~:.·~·~~·fl·!~:.~· <E~·~·~~~ If the need arises to point out the lie, it would be very embarassing.
~~·~o.r·i!~1 lack of embarrassment and shame ~~·~o.s·iJ~·~· il·~&l~·OJ·~·;{~~·~·~~:.·~·~·.E·il~l There is no place in a society for those people who lack embarassment and shame.
~~·~o.r·~~~:w~·Q1 to have a sense of embarrassment and shame ~~·~OJ·~~~:.·~~·c.r~&l~·OJ·c.w~t::l~·a~l He who has a sense of embarrassment and shame is called decent.
~ ~·~~·~ shy/not open ift::~-J~:.·~~~:.·~~·~~·~~·?;f~~~:.·~·~~·&l·~~~ One should not feel shy at the time of study.
~~·~;J~·~at::l~1 t:l.Clt::l~"&l"S~l
to defame and humiliate
Do not defame and humiliate others.
~~~·t::~~~·%·~~~1
either directly or indirectly ~~~·OJ·~~~·
t::l~~·~·~~~·~·if~~·(4~"1:J"t::l~t::l·~~~~ either directly or indiredfy.
~~~·~~~·~~·~~1 ~·9-~·il·t:l.~~ clearly.
~~~·OJ·~~·~&Jt:l."
One should help others
very clearly ~t:.W~~~·~~~i~·~~·t::l.tl~·~·~~:.· He does not understand even when told very
80
~~~·"f.tll·t::l~~·~l'a.J~ seeking truth from facts ~~ll'l·l"'"l·~~~·~l"''· ~·~~·§ll\l'"'''~~~·~ll'l·"l~ll'l·~"''·ffi=.·~·"lll'l"'''af~ll\1·~~·~·~~1 With the policy of seeking truth from facts, one can understand the whole issue.
~~~·~-r~·t:J~~·'(.tll~~
seeing the facts/understanding the
truth s~·~=-·~~·"'~·~~ll\l·~·~~·~·"l~ll'l·~"'~·~~ll\l·~l"'=-·~~~·~"lll'I'W=.·
..."1'~~1 "'
You will see and understand the true condition of Tibet if you pay a visit to Tibet.
~~~·.tll~~·s~·.tll~~~ really/ truly f'=.·~~ll'l·"l~ll'l·s=.·"l~ll'l·il·t)J"l'cr "1~"1·~~1
He is really a good person.
~~~·w-~·'1~~·~~·~ actual experience/practical experience s~· ~=-·a,·~,~·i~orffi=.·~·~c:'ll'l·w~·~~ll\1·~=.·~=-·~~~·~·~~"1 talk accords the actual the experience.
All your
~~~·w~·"l~~· ~OJ~ the actual situation/ the real picture ~~~· W~'Cl!ll'I'CJ41"-~'~·~·l-=.·ffill'l·flll'l'ci!~·s~·~CJ·~·~·~~1 We cannot agree those that are beyond actual situation.
~~~·~~~·t:J~~·"l~~~
by all means l:.ll'l'rS~·~=-·"'~·~~ll'I·'GfCJ~~·
"ll!i~·~·l'"l·~ll'l·~"lll'l'~·s~·~·c.t!~1 I will help you by all means.
~~~·.ti1~0J·~~·2.Jl very conspicous "1~=-·~~·Cl!ll'l'"j'~·l-~~~·"1~"-~· ~~·af~=-·s~·il·~=-·1 It is not suitable to perform the secret work very conspicously.
81
~3:!·f~·f§"'3:!''J{~l a march or demonstration ?f~·il·l'e.r·d:f~~ ~~~·q~~·~e.r·s~·~~·~~'f~·~~·q*f~·s~·Q·~~l
Every year on
lOth March, Tibetans stage demonstrations.
!'llq''J~·~~3:ll Lit.: before, after and in between/ Sense
implied: throughout the process ~r:::t·~·~~e,r·q~~·~·!i'-~' q~·~~~·~·~as·i·q·~~l Compassion is important throughout the process of bodhicitta.
!''J~tq'Stq''Jlq3:ll to look back and think for the future df ~t::~e.r·!·q~e.r·s·qe.r~·~·s~·~e.r·~·~·~~l At tender age, one cannot look back and think for the future
very early ~~~·il·;f-~~"~'Q'f!!'~!·~asc:.e.r·~~e.r·~~l· Soldiers have to get up early in the morning.
!'cr!·?Jl
!'OJC:.tq'Stq'~Oll Lit.: to rise up early in the morning and to go to bed late at night! Sense implied: to be very hard working il·~·a:r~~·l'e.r·~~·~c:.·!·asc:.e.r·se.r·~as·s~·~·~·~~l Lazy people will never get up early in the morning and go to bed late at night. !'~'Jtq·~·~l:ltql
past and present events/old and modern
account c:.~·~~e.r·~as·!·~qe,r·~·~q~r~c:.·~q~~·~·~~·~~l friend has many old and modem accounts to narrate.
!~·~Ol·~~·qe.~tql
My
continuing the old tradition !~·~as·qac:.·
~~~·~e.~e.r·~·~~e.r·~~·~~~·~~~l I am happy for continuing the good old traditton.
82
!~·~"·~~·J~l unprecedented lavishness f!~·i!~·!~"J~·~·~l:ll· ~l:ll~·g·c:~·~~·~~·tl~l all a good sign.
ff!c_·2c_·l
The unprecedented lavishness is not at
completely blue ~·F-I~·l'l:ll·a.rpc::ilc:.·~·!-J~~·~~·!OJ'~
~~~ The shimmering blueness on the map is Kokonor lake.
ra.r~s~·r:~l to be disgraceful mc:.·~~c:.·~·(a:f~s~·atc:.·l If one drinks wine, one might display one's disgrace.
r:~f9~'r:!.il~·~E:~·r:~~c_·l to check and arrest CIOJ'~OJ·~c:.·!·l:ll~·~· !-J~!-J~·~·c:~fl:ll~·c:~~~·~E:~·l::J~c:.·!-Jc:.·Cfg~·~·~~l:ll Many checks and arrests are made at the Indo-Nepal border.
f~·~af9
-
preventive measure ~~·~~·!-J·~c:.·~c:.·~~·f~·~~l:ll·§~·
~1:11~1
One should apply a preventive measure before one meets misfortune.
f~·~~·a;·~~l prerequisites t~r~~·!-J·~f'~c:.·~~·f~·~~·m·~~·!-Jc:.· Cf~l:ll·~c:.·~~~~ Many prerequisites have to be fulfilled before going to U.S.A.
f~·"c_·aJj at first (~·~c:.·~~·c:.·s~·~·c.tl~l I went first. f~·~·~c_·r:~~~l as before ~c:.·~c:.·il·~c:.·!-J·f~·!-J·~c:.·l::J~~·~l:ll·Cfat~·~·!-J· ~~~ Today people are not as good as they were before.
f~·it"'9~~·r:~~~l invention (~·i!~·l:ll~~·c:~~~·~l::J·~·~·~·~l:ll~·!~· ~
\,0
~~·Cf~l:ll·~~~ An invention is a great contribution.
83
o'l-'OJr:::r~~:::l clamour/ too much talk/ gossip l'll]~.ll.~~·o·~"c:.·'f '~'li]~C:.'!
Do not gossip too much in the meeting.
o·a~::.·~~·a~::.·r
a great nuisance il·ll.~~·o·ilc:.·~~·ilz::Qn,·ll.~ll]
This man makes a great nuisance.
o·at·l-'
gibberish il·ll.~·a.r·lll~~·~a.r·o·a:t·~a:t·"·lll~.:!l~·Q*l~·~·il·ll.~.:!l
This man has nothing to say except gibberish.
~·a~·f·'1~l ~·a~·~.,~·~~~l Lit.: listening to whatever one ~
says/ Sense implied: very obedient !lll~·§l·it~·z·lll~"~·c:.lll· ~c:.·a.r·~·:a~·Q"lll."Q!iQ"Z"'~~·c:.lll·a.r·~~·1~·lll~c:.~·w~1 In the instruction of highest Tantra, the instruction of listening to whatever one (Lama) says is emphasised.
~·f9~·~·~~l to do one's best c:.~·~lll~·~~·c:.·a.r·lflll~·~·~~·z· ~ll]~"t.l"li]~C:.·~c:.·l My friend did his best to help me.
~·~~·9~::.·~~l ~·~9·9~::.·~9
as much as one can do/as best
as one can Ffc:.·~~·~·SQ"li]C:.'SQ"S~·z·ll.~ll]· ~·a.r~·~ll]·t.~·ffc:.·a.r·lllc:.· CJ.Jc:.·g~·~·w~·t.~·'l·i;~l than th1s.
He does his best. He cannot do more
~·~~·9~::.·~~l whatever one remembers/ whatever comes to
84
mind lZ!j~·t:l.~~·~c:.·Cll·~·s~·Zilc:.·s~·~c:.·~·Zil~c:.·~·tif~·q·3r~~~ One should not tell whatever comes to mind in the meeting.
~·~f~·&f'Ol·~f~·'l casual talk!chit chat ~·t:l.~~·iJCll·t:l.~~·l"Zij·Cll·~~· l~·~c:.·Q-~:~;c:.·~·~~·a~·~~~ If one spends more time in casual talk, it is a waste of time.
~·s·~~Ol·it~t ~·s~·~~·s~·it~·Qt ~·Q~;r·~~·Q~;r·it~·Qt in dilemma/ not knowing what to do next/ f~z;·~·~~·c:.~·~c:.· ~·~·s·ZI)~Cll·il~·c:.c:.·~~·~·~~~ If misfortunes come all of a sudden, one will be in a state of dilemma.
~·;re:~·a)~~·;rl'c_·l to consider good whatever someone does/ This proverb shows how to relate, especially a tantric disciple, to a spiritual master. ~o~·~:~~·+l·Ol·~;r·Q·~~l
Lit.: like wild beast pouncing on
meat/ Sense implied: very greedy ~z;·~·~~·~·9~~·Zij=~·~·Cll· f.~·CI·~z;·~Zij~·~·il~t
One should not run after wealth just as a wild beast pouncing on meat.
~~~·~c_·;r·~~·Ql Lit.: leaving not even one/ Sense implied: all ~~:~·Zil~Zil·zc:.·~·~~·q·~~(~t One should buy all the books leaving none.
~~~·~~·~~~·~~l to give birth one after another c:.~·~·~·Cll· ~·~JZ!l~Zil·~~·Zij~~·~~·~c:.·~·~r::~c:.·~·~·~·tif~t My mother had her five children one after another.
85
l:ll~~r~l:ll~~rl"~l killing two birds with one stone/being able to perform two works at a time by one person.
l:ll~l:ll'Q~~·l:ll~4'1!'Q~~l through one after another "'t::."''~"~·~;~'t5J· ~~·~~"~.~"~·lll~lll·~;~~~·lll~"~·~;~~~·s"~·~·i.I5J"!·I;l~~·;~~~·~~·~·~~;~~·~ lll~'-~·0(~1 From Buddha Shakyamuni onward the transmission of bodhicitta has continued through one to the next.
l:ll~l:ll·~~l:ll·l:ll~4'1!'~~~l Lit.: one following the other/ Sense implied: continuation 2f~·il·~5J"~'lll~lll·5J~lll·lll~'-~·5J~~·s"~·~·~· lll~·~·~s~t Tibetans came to India continuously one after another.
l:ll~l:ll·~~4flt·l:ll~4'1!'~~4'1!l gathering one by one [f5J·~·~~ClJ"'I"lll~lll· ~~"~·lll~"~·~~"~·s"~·~"~·il·llll"~"~~·Cf;nlll·q~lll A big crowd is formed at the market having gathered travellers one by one.
l:ll~l:ll'Q'l:ll~l:ll·~~·l absolutely same/ very identical c.·~·~illll"~' ~ClJ.~5J"'"lll~lll·'~·lll~lll·~c.·~~~ Our objectives are absolutely the same.
9~z:Tr'4~'9~l:ll'~l:ll4'1tl helping one another/ mutual help t:l.E:5J· ~c.·~·~ClJ·~~;~·t'4~·~~·lll~lll·t'4~'lll~lll·~lll"~'S~·~9'-~'~~~
Nations of
the world should help one another.
l:ll~9·~~·9~4flt·~~l always saying no lll'~"~·~~·~~c.·lll~lll·il~·lll~"~· il~·:a~·~·~lll·~i)·q~lll response.
It is not good to give always negative
86
~~~·~~·~~~· ~~l to trust one another ~~~·~~·~~~·.!'-'·!· {~'-'·?Ji trust worthy friend ~~~·~~·~~~·.i'-'·!·{~'-'·Q-~i'arQ ~~1
Trust worthy friends are very rare.
~~.l:ll·tll~·~~~·if~ Lit.: to hit back two for one blow/ Sense implied: disobedient 4J~·:.:.~"'·a.~·~~~a.~~·~~"'·f~·s~·~·~~·Q-~· ~~~
It is not good to hit back (talk) the elders.
~~~·~~·~~·~tlll to know all by knowing one a~·~~·~~·t:.~·a.!" ~~~·~·~~~·~ ... ·~~·{a.~·cNr::~·~~~ One will know everything by relying upon the instruction of one's master.
~~~·~E:~·z::~~~·J~l to uphold and preserve :.:.t:.·~·~~·tll~·:.:.t:.· ~"'·~~ ...·~t~·~~~-J~·s~·~~"'·z:rtll~t One should uphold and preserve one's own language.
t:J~~·~tll· .j;·Cil naughty persons il·~s"'·~a.~·~·Q-a.~·~"'·~t:.·~~~·Q s~·~·a:r~~~
No one will like naughty persons.
t:3't~·3l~·~c::.·~l genuine compassion ~@l~·~·~~·~!a.~·a.~·~t:.·i·~l'"'· il~·~·~~"'l
One should generate genuine compassion for others' suffering.
~~~·~~·~~·~tlll to know all by knowing one a~·~~·~~·t:.~·a.~· ~~~·~·~~~·~...·~~·{a.~·cNt:.·~·~~~ One will know everything by knowing one relies upon the instruction of one's master.
87
~~~·"-E:~·~;~·f;~ to uphold and preserve :.:,t:.·~·~~·~~·:.:,t:.· ~lll·~~lll·~t~·c:l~~'f~·s~·~~lll'CI·ttl~t One should uphold and preserve one's own language. ~~~·~ar~·2:Jl naughty persons ~·c:l~lll'~OJ·ffi·~OJ·~lll·~t:.·~~~·~ g~·~·&r·~~~
No one will like naughty persons.
~a-~·~~·~~ 't~ genuine compassion ~~~·$·~~''3!_a.J'OJ'~t:.·i·C3l'lll' ~~·~·~~till One should generate genuine compassion for others' suffering.
88
Lit.:
small
things/
Sense
implied:
insignificanVless important Zl1i~·~a.r·~c:2:·~~·2:·a.r·~~·l'~·'~~·
.~~~~·.!J·at"~·'~·~~~
One should not spend more time on
mstgniftcant matters. a;·~ l"'~·~ '4 ~ ·t:!1
reliable Ffc:~·~·l'Zl1~·~·;~·;· ~ ·~l"Zl1·~~J\ ·~~·il·~Zl1·
~~~ He is a reliable person in society.
a;·~E:"'~·w~· ~~1 to recognize and trust ~~·Zl1~r::.·a.r·~~·il·~c::JJ~· ~·~E'Zl1·&l~·~~·s~·CJ·~~~ All Tibetans re~ognize and trust the Tibetan government.
a;·&J~~·~~~·&l~~1 according to custom and tradition ~·l'Zl1~· ~·;~·~·~·'~~;·~Zl1~''~~i·Zl1;r::.·~·Zl1a.r~;·~~~~ It is important to live according to the society's custom and tradition.
a;·~~·w·Sft wrong pair wrongly paired.
a;·at· ~at1
~'~·~·~·~;·C1.!·'t-~~~
The shoes are
carelessly/ messily J\r::.·~·a.r~·"l·~·ci!·~ci!·§~·;·~~-~s~·
~=r::.·~afr::.·~·'~·~~ One will not achieve good result if one is careless in one's work.
89
(responsible) heads and famine hits the poor/ Sense implied: Whenever there is problem, the head is hit and he is in trouble but whereas whenever there is famine, the poor and down trodden are hit and caught up.
a;l.Jl· i'l.Jl· i'l.Jl
delicate/ fragile/ easily breakable ~"l~·af(lj·~l:ll·l'l:ll·
l'l:ll·~·~s·,r9il
a;l.Jl'$t:,.""Jl.Jl'$C:..'l
Do not buy easily breakable cups. hodge-podge/ a mess/ whatever one desires
f~·~~·~c:,·(l!·~l:ll·Sc:.·~l:ll·Sc:.·§~·l'l:ll·~·JJ·~~~ whatever one desires in a school.
One cannot do
a;l.Jl~·~c:..·sl.Jl~-~~1 a;~~·~c:..·sl.Jl~·~c:..·t partiality/ bias ~-~~~r a;-~·~·~l:ll~·l'~c:.·sl:ll(',f'~(',f·o~·~·i}·~l:ll·~~~
Mr.John Dove is
partial and prejudiced. a;l.Jl~·~·~~~·~·it~·Ql
homeless/ destitute ~·il(O,!·'J\il·:f~·~c:.·~·
~c:.·e~~·~l:ll(',f'(',f'~~~-(O,!·iJ~·e~~·~l"(O,!·CJ·~~~ The Chinese made the
Tibetans homeless and destitute in their own country. a;c:..·~~l payment for the drink/ Sense implied: tip at the end
of a business l'l:ll'JJa;~·l"~;~·~~·~c:.·~~-(~·~;~~·ilJJ'CI'~~·i!c:.·l I had to give Rs.lOO.OO as a tip in order to get the permission. a;c:..·OJ~·~·~e..OJl Lit.:
giving water in return for wine/ Sense
implied: to repay kindness with ill treatment ctl(',f·~e.(l!·~·il·~(',f·c:,~·e~~·;l:ll(',f'~~~
treatment is a sign of bad nature.
90
a;c:,·(l!~·,·
To repay kindness with ill-
(f)t:rmz:::n::(f~!~l Jack of all trades, and master of none ~lll· cill:l'r~:~·~:~~~:~!~·Jllii'~'Oi"~l I am jack of all trades, and master of none.
m~·~~·~~.tll~r~~~l political development cf,l:l'!l~·t;,.~~lll'l:l~~· ~~·Q-tr(~~·Of'~·~:~·OJ·~a.r~·l~·Jllii'Of'~·~~lll'l;l'&l~l Citizens should be well educated to have good political development in a country.
cn'!'t:.T~'Z'cf~'L\It:::.'L\1''3~'.tll~~l Lit.: though it helps cold, it harms the sinus/ Sense implied: although it helps this, it harms that.
tll~'Q'~'Sl.tll~·~r:::.·~·'!·ij·Sf'.tll~l Lit.: rain is a friend of water and the sun is a friend of fire/ Sense implied: to help oneanother~~·t;,.sOJ·~~·f~·~~·~~lll'cil~'l;l'~·~~lii·~~·~·JJ·i!·~~lll' ~·~OJ·~·~~lll'l;l'~~l There is a harmony in the philosophy of dependent arising and emptiness just as rain helps water and sun helps fire.
i.tll·~~a:·~·~~'t:.Tl the power of unity ~OJ'fi:I'~'Q.~~lii'I:I~~·~·OJlll' "l'~JJlll'i~·~:~jOJ·~·~~'l;I'OJ'I:I~~·~lll'l:l;jl:l'~l:l'l;l'~~l The development of nation is possible Mtrough the power of unity.
~·~~.tll~·~~·~~·~·i'~l Lit.: churning water produces no butter/ Sense implied: useless attempt/futile effort
~·'!af.tllr:::.~·a:·~.tlll Lit.: the source of water lies in the snow/ 91
Sense implied: reliable source/ reliable origin ~·J.I~l!l~lll· ar~lll''~'~~·~:~~~·rt~~·~·rs~t~~·~·t~~~lll·~t~~·o.r~lll·"'·~~~ The source of Dhanna is in Buddha just as the source of water is in the snow.
~'t:l$'.a~·~%~ Lit.: one hundred streams flowing under one bridge/ Sense implied: to be under the control of a single authority.
~·~~~·t;~~~~·t:~~·$·~lt Lit.: an ocean, a collection ~f water drops/ Sense implied: a collection of small things make a big thing ~~·~:~·~J.t·~~·~~·~·~~·~~·~~·s·il·~~·t ~·~l!l'Cillll!llll' ~;~a·~·J.t~·~?J·~~·~·J.t·l!l~~·~:~i!~·~J.tlll'~·~~·~llli!~·~~:~·~·~~~ Even the virtue is of small type one should not ignore it as it was said in the saying that a collection of water makes the ocean.
~·Sf~·=~·t:~t~l Lit.: to forget the bridge when the water is
crossed/ Sense implied: to forget other's ldndness ~·2~· ~lii'SJ.t''I'CI{~·'-~·~~·~:~~~·~~~·~·~:~"lt:I.'S~·~:~{~·~·~~·'-~·J.t·~~~ One should not forget others' kindness just as one gets the bridge after crossing the river. ~·')~~·,·~~a.!J
Lit.: to see fish in the clean water/ Sense
implied: very clear/ no need to ask or to doubt.
~·)~lll·
J.la·~~ ·~·~·l!llll~·~:~·~~·~:~~ ~·f!~ ·~· ~:~ 1 ~:~. ·if~:~·~ J.llll'~~·~·l!llll~·cr:~:~.s~ His speches are very clear just as one sees fish in the water dearly.
~·s~·qe.~·~~·"1·~·q;f~1 Lit.: tepid water cannot cook meat! 92
Sense implied: loose disciplines do not work
~·1·~~·~~~l Lit.: wherever the start of water leads/ Sense implied: sloppy/ one who is easily misled by others/ to listen to others person without investigations §~·~,.,. ~~·~~~~ A stupid who is easily influenced by others.
~'3J't:l~'~'~·3h::~~l ~Q'~·~·r:~~·~·~tN'~·~·r:~~l Lit.: if the water is disturbed, the fish are also disturbed and if the master is in trouble, the servants are also in trouble ~'3J'cNc::~~·~tq·~~tql Lit.: to build dams before the flood comes/ Sense implied: precautionary measures ~~·a~;~·"· ~=-·~=-·~~·f~:;~·f=-·~~·~~~=-·~~~1 ~Cl~·~·,·5r~=-·~~·~~~·!~:;~''-!" ~=.·~:;~~~·i;~l One should study properly before the examination just as a dam is built before the flood. ~·OJ~·~~·~E.Illl
Lit.: to give wine in return for water/ Sense
implied: to return kindness even for a small thing ~·6)~·~3.1·~~·l Lit.: went to get water but returned with the empty vesseV Sense implied: unsuccessful attempt/failure f~:;~·9J~"I:;Jry=.·~~·f~:;~"f=-·~~·~ 5r~~=-·~·,·a:)~·~"·f=-·~=.·~:;~~~·.t,~~·~· i:~l
Having been sent to school, if one does not study properly it would resemble returning with a empty vessel.
~~'t:lf,tq·~~·!i~
one who insults poor and down trodden/ Sense implied: evil and timid.
93
~c_·~s~s33~r~t Lit.: a childhood friend, be it a boy or girV Sense implied:childhood lover ~l:ll·~·~c_·~s(F.f·s3f(F.f·t:.ru.tc_·
u.tc_·~~·~·~~t:ll I always remember my childhood lover. ~· ~c_·33tt;33~aft a suitable size f3~·Q·~~·ll·ZfJ~Il'l·~·,i·~~·JJa';JJit'l"~ ~~Zfl
This house is of a suitable size for two people.
~·S!I~·i'"~t enormous/ too biw' big enough f3~·Q·~~·ll·Zfl~Zll·~·,i· ll"fi'~·~~Zfl
This house is big enough for one person.
~·~@ll:ll·~c_·~~-1\l ~·~@l~·~c_·~~tltl to make a small sacrifice for big ciuse. ~·~·~·~l to grow bigger and bigger ~·~·i·~·,i·~·~~~ll'I·~~·Q·~~· ~·~~·~·~~·~~Zfl When the children grow bigger and bigger they become impudent.
~~· ~
readiness ~·~~i'Zl)·i'Zl)·cll~l I am ready to go.
~·~(F.f.,(lf.3f~~l moderately content s·~·,i·~~·Zll~·cll~·~~~·l"Zl)· .:l!ll'l"~a.rJJ~~·Zfl~~·Zl)a.r.il
It is important to be moderately contented with whatever the work might be, big or small.
~(F.f·!·~t:ll· cr,~(F.fl
Lit.: predisposition of dharma/ Sense
implied: spiritual inclination ~~·Q·it~·Q·~·l"ll'I·~·~Zll· aiZl)lt'l"it~· Q~"t;Zl)ll'l"~~l To have faith is a sign of spiritual inclinations.
94
l'(q'c:Jt~'Q.~·~~1 various religious traditions l'~·z::~~~·l:2.s·3l;· ..... ..... &ii
""
Yo:"'
fi(ll\'~z::~·sc::z~w:::~·l:lla:·a;;·~;.fll\~l
It is important to study various
religious traditions.
l'(q·~~'$OJ.Ft:l1 religious nation liJi1:2.'~~·~·1:1l:~;.·~·l'~·~;·~a:·fJz::~· ~l:ll·cr~Zir~~~ In the past India was a very good spiritual nation.
l'(q'2\2\·l'(q·~~·1 l:ll~~'2\2\'Zll~(q1 Lit.: to debate at the debate ground and to sing at the singing evenV Sense implied: to be very mindful of what things should be done where and when l'(q·~~·Zl1~~·~~1 spiritual and temporal v~c:.·~·~l'liJ·~·tr~·l'~· ~hl:ll~~·~;·~·~s·~~·~~·q·~l:ll·~~~ His Holiness the Dalai Lama is the spiritual and temporal leader of Tibet.
Q.lll~·f'~·g~·Zl1~~1 teaching, debate and composition 1:2.a;~·r~· r~·l:ll~~·a:·~FJ~·;·~FJ~·z:r~~~ He is a scholar who is skillfull in teaching, debate and composition.
"'
.....
...
-
i'Q.a;·~~~·ZIJ~i·~~~·~z::~·q·~ZIJ'~I:Il~l
who can live and die together.
95
A trustworthy friend is one
e.·~~·~~·4t~·~·~·~~~l Lit.: Tea and teacher should be hot.
Sense implied: It's is better if the tea is hot and a teacher is strict. e.·~s~·a;~·~s~l Lit.: serving tea and wine/ Sense implied:
warm hospitality ~Nf~·~~c:.·~·r::Jjjr::le.t'z:I'~C:.·Il·~s~·lf,c:,·~s~·~~c:.· ~~er·~~c:.·l When guests arrive home, please serve them tea and wine.
e.·~~·?fi!J\'!'C!"1~·s~·~~l Lit.: Tea tastes fine due to butter/ Sense implied: something that is good due to other's kindness E.'Ol~·~·~e.a.q z:J.a~·OJ~·~~·~e.Oll
Lit.: giving water in return for tea and treating ill in return for the goodness one has done/ungrateful
~·~·~·Q~~l exactly same ~~·~~·aJ·~c:t·'Ger·i·~N·i·r::J~~·s~·~r::~·~N!13~· ~i'"~·~~~l It is very rare to be able to copy exactly the same in the examination.
13~·~~·13~~1 to intervene or interfere ~e.t·i~·,er·ltser·~·~"l~· C:.QJ'If,~·~,.~~l It will become a problem if someone interferes in other's work/Poking one's nose in other's business will become a problem.
96
~·~~·~·~~ becoming worse and worse f!"~'tf{'~"l'l:.l~c:.·~"~·~~· "l~·i·c:.~·i·~"l·~·s~·ilc:.·t By taking alcohol, his illness has gone from bad to worse. ~·1:1a~·~·Cl~~l to became better and better {1:.1·~~·~~·~"~·~·~· ~·i·l:.la=.:i·!it"l"~'~'~l\·ilc:.·l Since the boy got admission to the
school, he has became better and better.
31E~'t.J'~u..t~·a.t~·f31't.!l Lit.: a neck thicker than a yak's! Sense implied: a very proud and haughty person. tU.3l'~f3~·~·9~t polite and skillful deception "lc.lf~·;s~·~·~ur 51f3"1'~·g~·a,y·5J.af1:.1{1\ '5.1'SI:.l"''Z:I'S~·~~"~l One should not be trap~d by the skillful ways of deceptive people. ~e.~·~~·~~·l pin drop silence ~c:.·"liil:.l'f3"1"~'5la!;~·a,y·~e.5l·~c:.·~c:: tlf~·~~l There is pin drop silence at night in the villages.
~i.~·~~·F·~~l common sayings/ proverb ~t"l·~~·f3·~~·~·~Cf~· a,y·ll·!f"l'~l:.ll:.'a.!'!f"l'al\'l:.l'~~l There is a common saying that one
is not afraid of a leader, but of his power. ~~·~·tf~·~~·l ;J'~~·~·~~
If digested, it is a medicine, if not
it is a poison .a"!·~·~~·~·tl~·~c:.·J~·~~·~·~"l·~~ If the food is digested, it is a medicine if not it is a poison.
~r~·Q-af~·2.Jl very efficient (at certain context it is used as sarcastic remark) 97
i:~r~ra:~·~l after
a long time/ later on
Ffr=.·~·l:Jg~·!':l.~~·o.J·l:J~~·
~i~·~·a:~·~·~~~·~:~·a;ll1~'1:1~·i!'l'iJril·q~ll1 If we take notice of his diligence there is no doubt of his becoming a good scholar later on/eventually.
a:~·~~riz::J~r~~~l doubt of lagging behind 6~·~r=.·ifcrfr=.·a.r !:~·~~·~l:3~'~ll1~·i)·q~ll1 behind at your studies.
There is no danger of lagging
a:~·~·w·-1\~~l rejoicing/appreciation ~~'l:J'o.J'i:~·~·~·~r=.~·s~·~:~· ~·~~'l:3'l!1~ll1·~:~~h!1:3~·~~·~:~·~~1 best means to earn merits.
~~·~~·~~
Rejoicing at the virtues is the
heavy/ sluggish '(l!1·~~·q~·~~·~ll1'~ll1·q~ll1 luggage is heavy.
This
z::Ji:~·~~·aJ·dJ'j forgetfulness and laziness u:f~·ry~·~·;{~·t~·~·l:Ji:~· r=.~·~r=.·ci:l·df~~~ Forgetfulness and laziness are the thieves of knowledge.
z::Jr~·~·~~·ql inexpressible ~ll1·~~·wr=.·~r=.·~ar~·~:~~·l:3r~·~·il""·~:~a·
""l!1!':l.'l:3'21:3J He felt inexpressible joy for securing the first position in the examination.
98
~·af?t~=.-~~r~·r~l Lit.: a turnip cannot substitute a fish/ ~ense implied: X cannot be substituted by Y ~·~~·~~~·t::l~l
Lit.: to mix turnip with fish/ Sense implied:
indiscrimate/ in mess. ~·f~·Q~~·~~~l fifteenth, thirtieth and the eighth of a lunar calendar/ Tibetans consider these dates auspicious. ~-{~·C!!~·~~~·QJ·~l'~-~~·QJ·C!~:I\"C!"S~·~·clf~t I circumambulate the stupa on the fifteenth, thirtieth and eighth of a lunar calendar month.
~·~·i!~'ClJ'~ClJ'CJq'!EClJl Lit.: to tax hairless fish with matted hair/ Sense implied: hopeless expectation from someone. ~·Z"4~·if~·~~e.31 fish, pork and egg ~~·cr~~·~·-f~·C!!~·"l~~·QJ·~· Z'4~·if~·~~~·f~·t:~·~~~ Buddhists abstain from fish, pork and egg on the fifteenth, thirtieth and the eighth of every month of lular calendar.
~'Ql'f~'~l'f·~·ClJ·~~·CJ·~~~·t::ll Lit.: killing fish to give to the dogs/ Sense implied: to help someone by harming another ~-C!~~-~~·s·aJ·~~·cr~~~·t:~·l'~·~-~~~-ci!~·il~t Killing a fish in order to give food to dogs, is not a religious practice.
99
,~·J1tq·.Qf"J1tql
Lit.: one who listens carefully with understanding! Sense implied: obedient or sensible person ~~~·~~·l!JJ~·~·OJ·~~·J!~·~J!~~-rs~·~·CN~·Cfc>f~·~~~
It is
good that the youngers should listen to the elders.
,~·~c:.·~OJ·~~l simple and disciplined ~~·~r:.·~OJ·~~·~·il·OJ·~~· ~~·if~! Everyone admired a person of disciplined and simple nature. ,~.5:1~·~·~~
poor and desperate condition ~~·~~~·~·~~·~·il·
OJ'~~·~J:.·~~~·~·s~·~~~~
He who is poor and in desperate
condition must be helped.
,~tq·aJ~·~·ifJ process of practice ~~·~:~~·~:~-f1~·~~~·~l'~·~~·~~~· lil~·~·if~r:.·~~·~:~"l~·f~:~·~~r:.·~~~·~~r:.·l May I request the spiritual master to guide me in the process of my practice.
,OJ·tq·~c:.·~·~t::..·tql Lit.: when one finds a place for rest, needs more space to stretch out one's legs/ Sense implied: greedy/ demanding more and more (sarcastic remark).
~·~·~c:.·~sOJt just to pass away the time QJ~·,·~·~·~r:.·~sQJ·s~· ~·~~~~·~~~:~~·ij~l Just to pass time with one's work is not acceptable.
~·~r~%~·OJ·a:f~%~·~r-tc:.·Ql Lit.: one day appears as long as one year/ Sense implied: to feel the day extremely boringlloneliness
100
~~·t:l'l~t:l'l·.a~·t:l'l~t:l'l
one meal a day ~~·l:l]~~·~l;!~·~~·l:l]%1:1]·a.r.a~r
l:l]%1:1]·a.r~·3:~'1;!'.i'l'l:l]·~·~·~~~ When fasting, one cannot eat more than one meal a day.
~~·&~;t;~·ii~·l:Jl
Lit.: throughout day and night/ Sense
implied: to do continuously lc::~·F·41~·~~a.r·~·~~·~·~~·~ar;~· iJ~·~~·a.r~·"l·s~·~·ar~·~~~ night to earn money.
Some businessmen work day and
~~·3$·~~'&!1 Lit.: day star/ Sense implied: very rare ar~· l;!,a~·~Q.~'Q.S'~e.a.r·~·~~·iia·~~·~·~~~ It is very rare to meet such a good lama.
~~·3$·~·~c:..:&~;t;~·3$·S1 Lit.: man at day and dog at night! Sense implied: to keep watch over all things ~a·s·~~·~· ~~·iia·il·~~·~ar;~·iia·s·&l~t My black dog is man at day and dog at night. ~~·ar~r:::2ifi·~~·il·at;c:,·Q.~a·~~·iia·il·~c:,·~ar;~·iia·@· s~-~~-~"1Q.·a.r~·I;!~CJ~·r;r&l~t For many years I worked hard as a member of the family during day and as a watch dog during night.
~~·&t;t;~·r:::l~~·ii~l regardless of day and night r4·~·l~·:~;.c:,·~·~· z~f~·~·~·~~·~ ar;~·l;!~~·iJ~·a.r~·"l·s~·t.t·~~~ Parents workregardless of day and night for their children.
~~·&t;t;~·~~·~t:l'l Lit.: six times day and night/ Sense implied: always
v~~·~~l'l:l]·~~·~~·~ar;~-~~-~I:I]·~·?S"~·:~;,~·I;!t~·~·~~·~·~·
101
C2..!1l'!'t::l~~·~·cN'~·c.r~~l His Holiness the Dalai Lama always works hard for the independance of Tibet.
~~·t;~~·~~~·~~~
one whole day ~~-~t!]-~l!]ll'l'l!]~z~r~·f"·~·
t::l~c::.·~·~,t:l.·c::.a..r·t%~·~iJf~~l whole day precept.
It is not difficult to observe one
~·~it~'tJ1 without ill-health/ well, fine ~·~·s~·a..r·t::~~~·~ll'l·~·~ il~-~~-l!]~ll'l'cN'\l I am fine due to the kindness of god.
~·~·~·~1 becoming closer and closer~~·~~·~·;{=~~~·~·~·~·~· ;:,::o. -
~~ ~·w~1
These days two of us are becoming closer and closer to each other.
~~·it~·fl·~w~
to blame the innocent 'fl.it::l't!].it::l'li'S'\'~'t!]~~·
~ll'l'll'~ll'l'fl'l!]cNt!]'S'\'~'~'\l If one is not careful, others will put blame on one.
~~·it~·~~·~90J1 punishing the innocent l'll'l·~~·~a..r·flt::l'j'~c::.· ~ll'l'il'\'~ll'l·t:l.a,a..r·§'\·~·cN''\l Even in religious countries, one finds punishment of the innocent.
~'?~·~~~·z:~~·~~~
oppression and exploitation Sll'l'~~·ft::~·
fc::.·~'\·~·l't!]·~·~·t!]~t:l.'t!]~~·t::l1'~t!]·t%~·~~t!]'~'\1 It is a serious exploitation and oppression to deprive children of education.
~~~·~·'?OJ'af~·~~·~~~·OJ~'z:!.tl~1
Lit.: to tell one's dreams
before one sleeps/ Sense implied: to be extremely imaginative 102
~~~·~~·~~·~~
ceremonies are
~~~.r~·~~~·~if~l to live and die together/ to share joy and sorrow together until death (~·~·!OJ·r~·fl·~~·&~~&~·~·&~~&~· ~if'~'S')'~'~')l In the past, some kings and ministers lead a life of living and dying together.
tt:..'~rtt::.:~c:.·l
ancient'very old! totally worn out ~·~~·fl~.,~.
~·,~·~~·~~~·OJ·s~·~·~~l We went to a very old temple.
(~·r.r~c:.·q·~c:.·l full of disputes a•-r&~a·~ Ff~l~·f-1·~~·~·~~· "!a~·i:t~·l Bull shit ! He created all these problems.
~~·~~~r~·t:r~~l the banner of fame/ soaring reputation v~~·~·&~l'~·~·&l~~·'l~·~~~·~·"'·')~·s~~·ll&~~·;s')·~·rs"'l His Holiness the Dalai Lama's banner of fame spreads in all directions.
~~ll.t·~~·t::l~~·cl}~l Lit.: to leave the dirts and derive the essence/ Sense implied: avoid mistakes and to uphold essence ~&I'')S')'iij"')·~·~~~·~:l\·"'~')·~~·ar&~fl~·')~~·~·~~~ One should avoid mistakes and uphold essence, if one is wise.
~c:.·~·!~·~c:.·~·f(c:.·~~~·~· m~l Lit.: If the time for compassion is "l:oo long then the anger will never end) Sense implied: There should be limit for forgiveness also. ~~·~~· ~· ~l
to fall ill often ~a·a·r&~·OJ~~·~~·~~·~·~·r.~.~OJ·Cf~')l
~y mother often gets sick.
103
;~p;~·lr~r'l~
stone broke ar~-.,:.;;~q-.,·Jfq~,.,~-~-~~QJ·a!;c::sr
t;~·t;~·~~-~~·q'J"'-.,·r:.t·~~l during the new year.
I'm stone broke from gambling
;~·;~·~~·~~ very sure/ careful s-ar~-~~·!·t;~·t;~·~~-~~.,·qJ"-.,· ~·(-.,·.,·f~·~Oi"r:..·~-~~l If the agreement of loan is not made carefully, there will be controversies in the future.
~~· t3J·~~· t3J1 little by little ~r:..·~~~r:..·~·t.,·~~·t.,·q~r:..·~·(-.,· ~-~r:..·z·~-~~-.,·~-~~l In the beginning, alcohol is taken little by little and later on one becomes an alcoholic.
~;~·z::~~~~·~~-q~~l
permanent resident monks ~~._,·,r:..·
tn1·~~~-q~·~r:..-.,·u.~~l ..., ~~~·~·~t:;~·q~~-.,·~
... There are about ten permanent resident monks at Nechung Monastery. ~;~·{~·~·3Jt:.'t local or permanent resident ~-..,~·~t;~·f~·ll· ~cr~-~~.,.fl.*j6l"Oi"~f As for the population of the local residents
in Lhasa, there are several hundred thousand people.
~;3J·~·3J~~-~-tN~"1 ~i3J'~'3J!3~·~·~·af1
Lit.: Although the
beginning of a talk is easy, the completion of a talk is not easy/ Sense implied: Easier said than done/ Though it is easy to start a talk it is, however, not easy to end a talk.
~;3J·z::.~·~·Ft back l>itinw bad reputation ~r:..·Cf~r:..·*l~·s~·~r ~t;.,·r:..~·ll·f!·Oi"r:..·~~-.,·~~l If someone acts honestly there will not be any bad reputation.
104
~;~·~~·~~·~~.1:.1 spreading bad rumours ~;~·c,~·~c.·a.5~·,r
~c,·~c,·~-r·s·q·c,~·q·a_~·a.~~·~~-rl One should stop this bad activity before the spread of bad rumours.
~;~·~~·~~~·it~1 to lose both wealth and fame i)~·~~~·i{-r· ~~·~~·~·~·af~;~·~~·~~-r·it~·sc.·irc.·t Having been defeated in the election, Migmar lost both wealth and fame this year.
~;~·3r~E:"~·~~1 to keep and take mortgage ~~·a·~~~·qijc,· ~;a.·~·a.E'~·cit~·~~c,·~~-rl The keeping and taking of mortgages should be done in accordance to the agreement
t:J;~·~~t:J@I~l'~\~'4J:.'t:J1 one who is efficient in many tasks c.·~·~c.·i·~r~·~·q;c.·a.~q~~·f~·a.~~·q~·~·~~·~~l secretary is very efficient in all tasks. t:J;~·t:J;~·~~·~~
Our
to boast of having done this or that rs~·
~c,·~·q;c. ·q;c. -~ ~-~ ~·q-49~·~~:, -~ -r·~c. -~ ~- i -r·s ~-~·~·~ ~t Nobody will trust you although you may boast of having done this or that.
;·~~·C1J~·~~·~1 ~·~~·~~~·~~·~1 Lit.: An old horse has more experience over the roads, and an old man has more life experience/ Sense implied: the older the man, the greater experience he has. ;·~·t:J$'~41~
Lit.: splitting a horse's tail into a hundred
strands/ Sense implied: over cautious aJ-r·~~·~c,·a;~-r·aJ·~· e_·q!"'o/1~-~~c,·~~-r·~~-it~l There is no need to be overly cautious over petty things.
105
carry two saddles/ Sense implied: one man cannot do two jobs at the same time.
;·~~~·af~·~·~;·~~~-~~~-q Lit.: one horse needs one saddle/ Sense implied: one thing will necessitate the other.
;·?fa.r~~~r~~·af~·~·sc:.·2t::.:{c:.·cr~~l Lit.: If a horse has the energy to run fast, he has the whole northern plain to run in/ Sense implied: This proverb is used to test how much one can do (a sarcastic remark).
i'33'm~·~c:.·a.r~~·~·t:l.ac:.·l Lit.: It is better to lead a horse before it is tired/ Sense implied: to do something before someone is completely discouraged. i'
permanent, a religious terminology ~~~-s~·
~·~~~·cr;l!l·cri!~·~-9·'9~'9·~c::.·~~~ permanent.
No product phenemenon is
;~·t:l·~·t:l~~l always/ constantly c::.·s~·~c::.·~·~·"-1·;'9·'~·i;·t;J~~·c.\f'c::.· ~t;J·~·i!·~~-9 I cannot come to your place always.
;~·~~
to look after/to inspect and to give an
encouragement ft;J"':)"~-9·"'1·~·~'9·'9~c::.·s~·~~·ift;J·c.\f'c::.~·"-1·~"'1·
106
-
~.l:!l'.l:!l~E:.'~.I:!ltlll When you inspect schools, it is essential to encourage the students and teachers.
~·f')'t::lac::Qj sound philosophy and conduct tlll:.tll'!tll't;r~!.ltll'~· .l:!l~~·~t~~'Cf('f~·~~·~·t;~,a~:,·~.l:!l~l:.tll'~~~ A very sound philosophy and conduct is presented in the Buddhist texts.
-~·t::l~·;)·~~l Lit.: not feeling enough by seeing/looking at it!
Sense implied: wish to see again and again i·t;~~~·~a.J'!.I~· !.!E:t~~'!.l:!l'~'Cf('Qtll'il·~!.l·~·~.l:!l·~~~ One never feels enough of seeing the beauty of goddess Tara. The beauty of Tara cannot be satisfied with a mere glance. ~·t::l·~'f'Qj Lit.: high opinion; philosophy/ Sense implied: to
be haughty and proud ~t~~·~·~r.~.·!.l·~.l:!l·tll~·~·Cf(·t;~·!.I~S~·il· ~~:.·1
If you are a true practitioner, you should not be
haughty.
faf~·~ry~·~~~l food, clothing and reputation il·tf;~:.·!.l·~~t~~· .l:!lry!.!'.l:!l~!.!·~·~~·s·a.Jt~~'"l'S~·~·~~~ Every person works for food, clothing and reputation.
f
m~·~c:·aJ·t::la~l ifc:·s·aJ·t::lryC:'l Lit.: to eat at home and to lay eggs outside/ Sense implied: unfaithful act
cf~·it')·~~·~a!l to treat heedlessly ~!.l·~~:.·a.J·~t~~·~~·~.l:!l·~a.J't;Try£:.'~· ~Cf~·t;~.a~:,·~·s·o.J~:.·il·Sj There is no scent of even good leadership if simple people are ill-treated.
cf~· ~·cf~·~ l'~ t"'.l:!l'il.l:!l'.l:!l~~·~~~
relatively ~t~~·t~~·~t~~·r.~.E'.I:!l·~r~t;TE:.'~·st~~· ~·f!~:.·:l\~:.· He is relatively quite good.
107
~~·~·~·if5·~r::.·~·~·~·if~r::.·1 Lit.: the stripes of a tiger are seen outside and a person's quality is inside/ Sense implied: A person cannot be judged merely through his externaV This is used to say that one cannot judge a person from outer behaviour only.
~~·~("~01·~~~
Lit.: the head of a tiger and the tail of a Sense implied: impressive in the beginning and disappointing at the end/impressive beginning with poor ending sna~
~~·~lq'~lq~1 ~;~·~r::.·~lq'~~~1 Lit.: A man kills a tiger but you' claim the credit/ Sense implied: to steal other's fame or feat. ~~·if.tl·=~·~~lq·~r::.·~r::.·.tl·~·a1 Lit.: Even if a tigress is starving, she won't eat her flesh/ Sense implied: in order to express something that one will never do. ~~·.tls;.·~~~'&:.Tl smart and energetic young man ~·anf~·~-.r·~~· +!~·~~~·z:.t·SJ~·~~s~·ar~·l men came from Tibet.
This year many smart and young
~CJlq'c:t~·?Jl convenient f3'"'~~·z:.ta=~~·~c.t.,·c.t~·~ll·~s~·~·~~~·c.te,~· ~~.,·~~~·l Please leave it, if it is not convenient to cook food.
fr::.·r.t·fr::.·mr::.·1
completely empty ~SJ·~·Il-.r·c.tj~'~ltj·t)l~·-f~·r•r{~·
~~·c.ta.,·~~~ The vessel is completely empty as the cat drank the milk.
fr::.·~~·~·~~1 thousands upon thousands s·eQ~'Ql'~f~·~f{~! f~·iFf~·t1~·~·t1~'3.1~·~~~.,·z:.t·~~l If one visits abroad, one
108
needs to have thousands and thousands of rupees for the expenses.
{'~·'{~·~~·~~
to be mentally and physically relieved CJJG~'
"1'r.l.~'~lf,'~G~·f~·{~·~~·~~·,t,~G~'ilr=.·l I am relieved at having finished the work.
{'Cl~·~s"·~~~·~~l wealthy and strong r=.·~·t~·~;~~llf~'f~;~G~· r.I.Slf,'~~GI·~~·~~·~~l Our sponsor is wealthy as well as strong.
Cl~~·~s~·~~·;~l careful examination ~~G~'~CJJ·r.~.~·l!~·~;~~~·~s~· ~~·~~·SG~'C!'~~l We did a careful examination of this issue.
Cl~~·~s~·~~·~E:~l recognition of an investigation l'~G~·~r=.·~r I:J~~·~s~·CJJ·r=.·l'G~·~G~·r.~.t~·~·~r~~l investigation of the committee.
We will recognise the
Cl'f(~·~E:~·~·a~·~1 holy man/holders of the Teaching ~r=.·~:~· lG~·~;~~~·r.~.t~·~·~G~·s·aJ"~;~~lf,·~·s~·~:~·~~l Buddhists respect the holders of the Teaching.
Cl'f(~'Cl~~· ~·afi humorous &:::~·s·~r=.·r.~.~·~;~~~·~;~~~·~·~~·s~·r.~.~~ Our little son is very humorous.
Cl~~·J\·~~c:.·~~l laudable/ commendable "l~.CJJ~G~·~G~·~;~f~·lf,· ~~r=.·i{G~·~~r=.·I:J.I1~·~~r=.·i!r=.·1 The teacher gave a commendable speech.
109
il'~~·~~~.:t::l~ coining new terms ~·"1'~;~~~·~·~~;~4!'S!'tl~'Zil41~· ~;~if~c:.·Cfs~·~·~~~ translation.
Many new terms are coined during
il'Q'ilt::l'Ql gloomy ~·~c:.·~·~~~·~41'S!'2!·~~;~·2!·~·s~·~:~.~~· a;~·~·~;~~;~·41· ~~~
Today's weather is very gloomy. It might rain.
il'~·2-'~l scattered ~c:.·~~~;~·~·il·"~41·~c:.·~:~.s~·~·S!·~·~~~·~~41't:l.~~ People from the villages are scattered in the city.
il~'(E'~aJ·~!'~·l perceiving a striped rope for a snake il~·
~~a.rcriJ~·~·41·~~;~·~~·~~;~4!·~·S!~·[E~·~o.J·~l'c:.·~·~~1
One will perceive and mistake a striped rope for a snake if one does not have good eye sight, especially when it is dark.
il~·~~·~·~~~·aJ~·.s]~·z:.r~·~'ll·~~~l An enemy neighbour is better than a far away relative.
il~·~~·~·~ry~·~·§~·t::l~~·§~·ft·t::l~~l A far off news is half true and half false. il~·2~~·i}~·z:.rl without obstruction/ fluently ftfc:.·~41'a..t~·S!~' l'~4!·iJ~·CI~·~;~5'~·~c:.·1 He answered fluently/unobstructedly.
110
53~·~·~~·~1 bits and pieces @·~·a.t'*J'il~·~·s;·~·~%:~r=·~·l'r.:r~~·1 The dog got a small bit of the meat to eat.
53~· ~e:..·i!· ~~ 53~·~~: ~e:..·i!· ~·Q) Lit.: a small hearth burns strongly/ Sense implied: A small but effective hearth. 53~~·~$·~~·~e:..·1 Lit.: a hundred ways and thousand plans/
Sense implied: various means ~·~·~~·~t~·~·,i~·~·il~~·~~J' §~·~~·~~~·~af~l
We have to adopt various means for our
Independence.
53~~·~~·~e:..·~=~1 best possible means a.t~·"l·~~·~~~·r.:.t·a.t·il~~·
~~·~~·~=~·~~~·~~~·~~~·1 Please apply the best possible means to accomplish this work. 53~~·=~·"1·i!~1 helpless/ to have no alternative ~~·il·l~·~·il·a.t· ~afa.t'!.I'S~'"l'il~·a,~~·r.:.t·~~l The Tibetans were left with no alternative but to revolt against the Chinese.
53~~·.tj~·!.·~w~1 to find means in advance/ to take loan ~·
afl~·~·,i~·s·~~a.t·f~·~~·~~a.t·il~~·J1~·~·~~~·~·~·w~1 This year I shall obtain a loan from the bank for the business. 53~~·.tj~·~~~·~r~1
to try and find means il~·il~~·J1~·s~·~·
~~·~~·!.l·s~·r.:.t·it~J If man tries with means and effort, there
isn't anything that he cannot do.
111
11t::Jlq'Jilq'r::t3~·2Jf a very resourceful person il·~s~·~·l-S!t:~~· J!~·qac:.·~~~·~~~
An efficient person is a resourceful man.
11t::Jlq'~lq'~~·~s031 union of method and wisdom ~c:.·c.t~·Zil~c:.·~· l!t:~~·J!~·~c:.·~sCll·Z!lCll"i~·~Zil~c:.~·~~~ The union of method and wisdom is greatly emphasized in the Buddhist teaching.
11t::Jlq'~lq'~')'t'f03'~~lq1 Lit.: to search all kind of means/
....
Sense implied: no effort has been spared l!t:~~·J!~·~~·t·fCll' ~Zil~·~~·~·~~·~~~·s·~c:. ·~t~·~~~ If one spares no effort, one
C1m catch even a bird in the sky. 11~·~·1"~·~1 unclear mind a:.c:.·~sc:.·~·il·~~~·ift~·it·a:.Zil~·~·~~~ One's mind becomes unclear if one takes wine. ~l:tllq'~l5%.'~'r::t!')1 with great dedication !:·~;~~~·q~·~·~rZil·~~· sZ!l~·~rsll:.·i·q~~·~~·if~·@~·rq·'~J"~ll:.·e~·Zil~c:.·Zil~c:.·~e:~·q·~~~ With great dedication, Mrs. Jetsun Perna improved TCV Schools.
~l:tllq'~lq'l:tl~'fl:tllq1 whatever is possible for one's mind SZ!l" Cll~"SZil~·r~·Zilc:.·fZil~·Zil~c:.·~Zil~·Zil~c:.·t Please do this work as much as you can.
e')·~:fr::t·~%.·~·r::t"l~ ·~~·~')1 ~%. ·~')·~·~%.'%.a·Q~·a'f~·~')1 The fineness of thue (Tibetan buttered cheese) is due to butter. Without butter, it would have been a solid piece of cheese and barley flour.
112
.~- :;,z:::~~·w:;,· - ct~'Q1 .~~z:::~· ":ti ct~',' ct~'Q1
~~·l'~·-9~c:..·~·t:l.~-9
. others ;)~;'; one who bullies 1 ..,.(11'-9(li~·CJ·
He bullies others.
~·l~·~~·~1 doubt ~1~·&~l'-9·a.r~·l'&~·il~r~·~~·CJ~·-9i!""·~·l"~r Pray to the triple gem without any doubt.
213l·r4z:::~~1 'tz:::~·~Z3l·~~Z31
all of a sudden fi'(IIC:..'c:..·l"~·!-9'~!-9'
19'&~'"--'t:l.~~~(ll·~c:..·r Yesterday, all of a sudden I had to go to the market. l'-9(\l'~·~~(ll·~·~·if-9~·i'~·&~·l'-9·G!~(II·~;~~~·ilc:..·r Lhamo Youdonma (a female oracle) spontaneously came into trance in the crowd.
'tz:::~·il~·~s·~'?~1 equal rights ~&1(11'~·&~~~·(11~ ·~c:..·&~~·l"~·llc:..·t:l.s·&~~&~·
&l~l Everyone is equal in the eyes of law.
't~·z:::~~~·ifz:::~·Z31~~1
Lit.: to listen, think and learn/ Sense
implied: study and comtemplation ~~~·CJ~'l'(ll·~·l'(ll·~;~(ll&~' i[~:~·-9~~·-9~c:..·~;~·i;~l Religious studies and comtemplation are carried out at the monasteries.
't~r~','Z317~·~~1 ~'t~·~:;,·.a~·~~1 Lit.: all that one hears is not news and all that one eats is not food/ Sense implied: Don't eat everything and listen to everything. 't~·z:::~~~·sl3l~·~·z:::~1 partial or limited study l'(II·~;~(II&~'S-9(11'i;·~:~(ll· &lfi(II'CJ'~-9·t:fa;-9(11'~1:!·~·&~·i;~l Partial study cannot make good scholars.
113
e.~~~·~~·~·~~1 infinite and boundless ~~·~~q·rs~·~·~2Q.'il~·1fi· il~·i;~l The extent of the sky is infinite and boundless.
e-1~:1\·~~·~~·~~1 the ultimate findings r~r~·~2:1\'~l:ll't~·~~·~·:l\~· ~~~·~~·~·~~·t.t·i:~t The ultimate finding of a phenomena is devoid of inherent existence.
e.!~~·a3e.~·~e.~·9tt:..·1 harmonious relationship ~~·t.tq·~~·~~·~· -~
"'~·~·~·~~~·~~~·(4!~·~~·1:ll~~·~l:ll~·t.t·tA~~1 ....
0.
-
The hannonious relationship is required for the happiness of a country.
e-1~~·~~·~9
jealousy ~~~·~"l.~l:ll·s~·t.t~·~·(4!·1'4~1 the use of getting jealous?
What is
e.~'ft:..·$·'ij"'l'f·~1
Lit.: extent of seeing and hearing! Sense
implied: widely read ~~~'t.I'U!J:ll'Cf.:£J:ll~·t.t·(4!·~l'~·~·l'~·~·i~·tf
~~~·t.t·w~l In order to become a good scholar, one needs to have read widely.
e.~l't:..· ~t:..·rs~·9~~1 belittle and disdain U!':l\~~·~~~·~~·'11~~·(41· ~'t~·~~·rs~·l:lli;f'~·g~·~·~·i:~t No decent person will ever belittle and have disdain for others.
~~~·~s:~;.·"l:~;.·~:~;. 1 partiality and procastination ~~·ae;~·lil~·~~· Q.~~'Q.S:I\ ·~~·(41~·~~·(41·1:1\ ·1:1\ ·g~·~·~~~·(4!~·(4j·l:ll~\~·i; ~~ It would be detrimental to unity if there were partiality among the region, and procastination in the work.
114
~·~·t:~~.:~l till today/until now ~·11·z:~~·~·r::.·~~·C1!·z:~~~·c.~·&l~1 Until now I have lived in Tibet.
~~·f3%.·~~~·t:~l'~t reform ~·~~·~·~Zll·~·~·l'"1~·~Zl1·~~·~"1~·z:~l'~· z:~o;;r::.·z:~·~~l
Mao reformed the Chinese society.
~r::.:~~l ~~·~~·tt;·'ft fashionable/to take care of one's beauty/ tip top clf~·~r::.·~~·~r::.·~~·s~·c.~·~·~C1!·~~1 It is common to be fashionable at a young age.
~
"'
....
Mr. Pasang was the very first Tibetan who visited United States. c.~·~c:.·~c:.·~·c.~·~r::.~r~~l
~~·~~·~~·~~·r faith, respect and the pure vision ~~·s·~~C'\
....
...,.,......,
CJt:l.'~~-i!~·o.r·~~-ZZl~r~"1·~r::.·~~·c.~·tN~1
I have faith and respect in the biographies of the great holy persons. ~~·~~·~~·~~l to bow respectfully/devotionally ~~-~~-ZZl~·ZZl~·
~-~ ~-i!~ ·~r::.·c.~~·z:~.?j~· "1~~-z:~~~-~"-~'"1'-9t:l.'~ ~ ·iJ·t:l.~ ~ 1 Simply having devotion cannot become a real means of cultivating one's spiritual master.
115
~~·~oq·q~aJ·~~~l oath taking ceremonies ~r:.·~~'CJ"l~·r~·~· ~5J'I:Jo~·~sa.r·CJ~~·~·~·5J·~·~~1 Tomorrow is oath taking ceremony day of the cabinet ministers.
~~·~9''?~~·tt.9~l degeneration of committmenV broken committment l'~'fr:.·~r:.·5J:I\'~5J·~~·~5J~·~~·CJ~r:.·CJa·~~·~·CJfjft:.' ~~~r:_·~~~·CJ~a.r·~·~~~~ protector in committment.
order
Offer propitiation to the Dharma to restore the degeneration of
~~·~~·aJ~·lj youthful life ~:1\'CJCJ'a.rr:.·~·fifCJ~·~·~~·s·~~·~~~·a.r· CJf~·~~~~
One should strive for knowledge when one is
young.
~aJ·qs~·~~·~"lql Lit.: leisure and endowment; difficult to
find! Sense implied: human life is diffuicult to obtain l'~· ~:I\ ·~·~ar~s:l\ ·~·il·~~·~~·~~·~·~~·~"l~·CJ·&l~l According to Dharma teaching, precious human birth is very difficult to find.
~aJ·~~·~~·~~l free time for leisure ~c.s·~~·~~·~~·~~·il·~·~sa.r· 531:3~·~~1 It is not possible to lead life in leisure and happy
relaxation. ~9'saJ'Q~·~·a~~~·Ql
Lit.: taking a viper in one's lap/ Sense
~plied: taking risk CJ~~·z:.r~CJ·~~·~·~~·~·~~·~a.r·~~·~·a~~~·~· "' I have taken the risk for the spiritual and temporal ~~~ ~
purpose.
116
~~·~~·~~·~e.~~1 a time of peace and prosperity ~ll'l''l~·~~· r.l.E.'llll'l'~·r.l.~ CJ:.:. "f~·~ 'lll'l"a.!ll'l"~~·o.~·CJ'll"~ r::.ll'l·s~· s·~:.:.. ~ ~l When people lived in the time of peace and prosperity, there was a possibility of discrepancy due to carelessness.
~~·l~·~ry~·~fa031 confirm time ~'ll·~~·~·~ll'I·~~·~·Cf(·'llry~·r.l.~a.~·~· ~~l
The date for examination time is not yet confirmed.
~·~ s· if~:_· ~~:_·1
therefore Ffr::.·'ll~ll'l·r.l.sa.~·'~·~'ll·~it ~·CJ·~·r.l.s·irr::.·tr::.·
~r::.·r.l.~'ll·Dfr::.·il'lll'I"S~·~·Df~l As the relationship between two of them is not good, therefore I am mediating for them. ~~:_·~~:_·1 ~~:_·~~1 these days/ modern days ~r::.·ll'lr::.·'ll~~·~·53r::.·~ ~~·~'ll'I·Dfr::.·9·r.l.~'ll These days many young men are coming from Tibet.
-
~'ll~l One should give special attention and importance to give special attention to even trivial things.
\~Ol·~~·ry~1 to stress importance Sll'I"CJa·.?~ll'I·Df~·ClJ·4j~·CJil'l"~'llCJ" ~~·ry~·s~·~91l'l"CJ"&l~l Elders need to give special attention and to emphasize children's education.
\~&J·~E:~·~~z:_·1 to arrest and take into custody ~f'll:.:.·'ll~r::.·~ll'l· ~r.r&l~·CJ·I•;-.Q]'irr::.·~·~~53·r.l.E:~·~;~~r::.·s~·~·~~l If the government of India finds someone as a spy, he will be arrested and taken into custody.
117
~
~~~
.
I am bemg very careful even though it is a very insignificant case.
~~:2f~~·~+l~l
faithfully/honestly/sincerely "'ltl.l'"1'SC:.'~Sc::
~~·s~·~·~~~ I work sincerely. mindfulness, conscientiousness/
-
introspection
and
~~·fr:.·~~·~~·s·~·"'~·s~·~tl.l·~~·~~·~~~·
~~tl.l! One has to be mindful, introspective and conscientious in order to abandone negativities and cultivate virtues.
s·z::rs~rOJ~l questions and answers/ interview s·~·stl.l·"'l~·®· ~~tl.l·~·a;~·a;~·~~r:.·~·c):f~·;J·i;~l at the time of interview.
One should not get nervous
s~·Q~.OJ~·I:J2:.·{c:~~~~l Lit.: to hit stone on a kind person's s~·.s~·"'~~.Q~·~
hand/ Sense implied: to be ungrateful
~sr:.tl.l·~·s·f~·"'!·q~~·Q·~·iJ·~"'l·ii~·~;J·~~·i:~t It is indeed a shameless act to indulge in hitting stone on a kind person's hand.
s~·OJ~·ar~·~~OJl
to repay the kindness with a bad
treatement/ ungrateful response
"'~'S~'"'l~·af~·qe."'l·9tl.l'ffi·"'l·c):f~·E:tl.l·Q~·qff~·®·i:~t
118
'"
"'"'
f4';J'~r:.·~~,·~~·~·~q·s~·.s~·
If one is
ungrateful to their kind parents and teachers, definitely there will be same treatement to the self also.
s~·;f~·~~·I'J.s·z:r~"J.'E:~·r.q Lit.: a brown bear catching mammots/ Sense implied: A man who does things continuously but unattentively. ft:!'fc:.·~~c:.·~~·t:l.s·&lr~:~~r t:l.S't:l't:l.E:~·z:.r~c:.·t:l~~·~~c:.·~·~~~ One should not study like a brown bear catching mammoth.
9~9'~Q·~~·I'J.(~~1 Lit.: a collection of nine tyrannical acts/ Sense implied: worst torture ~~~·~t:l·~~·t:l.(&~~·~~·~tat:.'t:l.E:~· ~~·~&~·~c:.·t:l~·!~·i't:!'llt:l~·~~~ Never one can obtain happiness under a tyrannical government.
9~~·~~~·~~~·':3~~1
to
share
the
sadness
and
disappointment/to share difficulties and hardships ~·~~· a.r~·.,·a.r·ffic:.·&~~·r~~c:.·i!&~~·&~~&!·t:l~~·~~=-·~~~·~~~ It is necessary to share the difficulties and hardships for the common cause.
':3~9·~~·9~~·if~1 happiness for the self and appreciation by others
~·~·~~·~c:.·~~·~·~c:. .. ~·t:l"'~·~"'·~~~·tf~·~e.·~·~~~
Successful human life brings happiness for the self and appreciation by others.
..,.~
01..
~
~~~·tl~·~~·~·ll\c:.·~~·~&~~·~t:l.·~l
It is a cause of downfall to praise oneself and belittle others.
Q~9·i!~·O)~·Q~.1\.1
totally discarded/ without anybody to
119
care for/total negligence/ignoring ""1~·~c~r~Sl"·q~·~q~·~·
q""l"iJ"·&:l~·q~:.;.·s"·JJfl~·-19·~"1·~"1 Nobody cares when one is in difficulty.
~~·~~·~~·~&f·~~·c.tl very happy and prosperous l"~·"~· JJ~~·~;~~·a.r~·"fs"·~·q~·t"·s~·~JJ·l'"l~·~;~·al~:~·~"l If one does work in accordance with the faith, one will be happy and prosperous in one's life span. ~~~·c.t"&fl!~·~~OSl
to prove the truth in its entirety/to
substantiate thoroughly
~~·q-A"·q~·"lif.I"~JJ~·q~~·q·JJlll~·
q~a.r·s·!:.;."!"~"l·~~~ I am ready to substantiate the truth of what I ~ave said in its entirety. ~~~·c.t·~~~·~~~ reliable truth/undeniable truth q~~·q·q~~·sq·
~·if~~·rs~ll.l·~a.r·s"·"9ll.l! One has to prove the facts through reliable truth. ~~~·c.t·~·J~l to point out the facts/to see the truth/evidence to prove the fact 2f"·:~r,~·qt~·"lt~·JJ·~~·q~·q~~·q·:~r,"j""·~·!·al"t We have evidential facts to prove the authenticity ot the lndependance of Tibet.
~~~·c.t~·t11~~·~t11f,f1 actual situation/ true picture :.;.~·"q~·iJ"·~·
"'
"'
~ ql~·q~·"l~ll.l"~"lli.I"E."~:t,·q-19""Sql
How can one describe the true picture when there is no freedom ?
~~~·~~~·~~t11·~~~ to investigate the right and wrong/the
120
truth and falsity "'~~·"'~~·"~;~·~"~'!.I'S"~'CJJ:.'c.t}i·~""Si'~·~~"'· i~"~'~il It is a sign of stupidity to trust someone without investigating the right and the wrong.
5l~Q.·~~~·~"f·~·t:J·~~"f't:J"f~l Lit.: killing two deers with one arrow/ Sense implied: to have two things done at a time/one stone kill.ing two birds 5l~Q.'~&·i}~·~·~ry5l'~~·i}~l £}~·i}~·~·d)~·~~·i}~l Lit.: There will not be bad reputation if there are no bows and arrows and there will not be cataract, if there is no eyeJ Sense implied: A man without rank cannot be degraded. 5l~!~"f·~~·Q.~OJ! union ofSutra and Tantra !.l~~~"'·~~·~§a..t· ~·a..t!.l'a..t'"'~~·~"'·~!.l"l'OJ~·s;·;-9'"~1 One needs to practice by way of the path of the union of Sutra and Tantra
Q.~\ ~~·l'~·2j"fJ few desires and contentment ~~;·~~·~~·Ji"~· ~·"'~"'·s·~~·~·~~·CJ~'ic.Ta..t'~SJ:.'~'~J\'!.!Fc.t}~l The essense of the Buddhist economy is to be content with few desires.
Q.~~'f'~OJ! daily recitation prayers q\~·;-9~'CJJ:.'"€~·!-IJ:.'~~~·fl· ~a..t·~~E:~·s;·cr~il In the beginning, daily recitation prayers are memorized in the Tibetan monasteries.
Q.~'Q.~q·~~·~"f·£}·Q.~''Jl
Lit.: the unequal among equals/
Sense implied: invincible, dynamic, matchless ~~~·~·~OJ"fl"~"~·;~·~;·~~·~~~·~~·~f.l·i.l·~~·"'·~~·c.t}~·CJ·~;!
121
v-9~·"'·
His
Holiness the Dalai Lama is an incomparable among the leaders of the worldj His Holiness the Dalai Lama is an unequal leader among his equals - the leaders of the world.
qs·~EJ·$~·q~Q~l an example applied to many seemingly
similar instances although not appropriate
q~·~'\'if'\'t:j~~·t.~·OJ·~~·~t:~·i['\'t:j~~.:t:~l Lit.: keeping the demon at the eastern gate and giving the ritual cake at the western gate/ Sense implied: to criticise wrong persons/wrong criticism ~~~rtN~.:it·;)·qQ'\ l ~r:_· !t~·tNr:_·it·qt:~'\ l Lit.: even if the rock is dry, it won't burn and the wood will catch fire even it is wet' Sense implied: possibility and the impossibility depend upon their causal factors
~i('\'if2\·it·~9·~·;)·~~l Lit.: It is impossible for flowers to grow from pebbles) Sense implied: An example of impossibility ~~t::_'CNt::_'~9~·t.~~·f52\'~9~·it~1 Lit.: However small a stone may be it cannot be taken away by wind) Sense
implied: unnecessary concern ~~~·.r~r::_·~r::_·~~~·.tll~r::_·~·~~r::_· ~r::_ ..~~r::_·~r::_·~~~-Cl~·s~·~.tll~·~~l 1 A humble man should not worry as there is no danger of a stone being carried away by wind.
~ ~t::_'CNt::_'['~'t:lot:j'Wt::_'l even a small rock can break a clay pitcher/ Sense implied: effectiveness in the work.
122
-
~~-w~-~~·1 in nut-shelVin essence ~~-u.r~·~~·iJ·a~;~·~~·:l\~·
...
t!j'QJ~'~t!j~'~:l\'ilt!j'2i~'~tll~1
his duty sincerelY.
In short everyone has to perform
~~·g·~~-t:l~OJl integrity, unity '(t~j·~"~t!j·~~""·~~·~·~~·i!f~·tll~~· &~·~·~·~~~ Enemy cannot harm if there is unity in a country.
~~r~·~~-t:l~~l
to commit non-virtues blindly/ Sense
implied: daring and intentional negativities l'~·c.t·~~·~tll· tll~tll·~~·~tll·"'·ilt~j·~~~·~~·u.r~·s~·~·~·~~~ True dharma practitioners will never commit non-virtues blindly.
~9·~~-t:l~9~·~~·rs~ 1 Lit.: one has to take the burden of one's non-virtues/ Sense implied: one is responsible for
one's wrong done ~~·~~·~t!j'c.t':l\~'[5:1\'"j~"B'f~~·~~tll~·c.ta·.a~· CJ:I\'t!f~':l\~·~~·~~~·~"il Lhejin was responsible for his nonvirtues and the nuns had to go through the bridges made by them.
~9·~~·~·2Jl ~~~·c.t·&l~l
having great fortitude ~~·~~·~t::l'c.t'QJ'~t!j·~~·a~;·~ "' A great fortitude is required in order to fulfill a
great aim.
~9·cu~~-~~·t:~.q~l to mumble a curse s·iff~·z::.~·~·t~·~t!j't::l+j~· ~'l]'Q+j~·~~·c.t·t!j~'Q+j~·~~·l These indecent girls mumbled a lot of curses.
123
{~'Qotlfi{:l\'~~·~a.t·~~·Cl.tl~·Cll
Lit.: talking about the bra.itches leaving aside the main trunk of the tree/ Sense implied: to ignore the root of somethinWbeating around the bush
~Cl'~Cl·§)~·~~ to become broke/ having spent all money or emptied a:f~&~~·a.r·'\~a.r·~r::.·sr~cr~~·l:l~·l:l~·~;r::.·~·~~l I spent all of my money during Losar (say, by gambling).
Cl~~Cl~~·~~~ a short one/ brief ~r::.·~!"''~!"'·~~~~~r::.·'\r::.'l Please tell me a short story.
124
~·~~·~·~z::~1 ageing with sagging eyelids ~~sa;·~~;~~·~'l]~l'l·~~· ~·~l'l·!·~~;~·a,:·~;~~~·~;~l'!~·r.l.a;~:~l'l·~~·&l·~~;~l Now that I am aged with sagged eyelids, I cannot give detailed suggestion.
-
~.t!]l'l! One should take good care of one's health before one gets sick.
-....
...e'
.....
'!F.
~~:r'?~'~ZZl·~e..OJ~1 aggregation of nine crimes ~.t!]''l]l'l'~~·r.l.r:.~l'l·
CJ~·~·a.:·~;~.ad:i~·~·~;~·s~·CJ·~·~.t!jl'l't.r~~~ It is stupid to hope for a good thing from a person who has committed nine crimes.
~9·~~·~~·~~1 Lit.: confessing or admitting crimes ~.t!j-~l'l·
~l'l·a:l~·s~·~-~~l'l·l"'.t!j·~l'I·~~·CJ·w~·~;~·~~·~~~ If someone confesses his crime, the legal punishment would be lightier.
~9·~~- ~· ~c-_·1 the extent of crime rrr~·.t!j~l'l·~-~.t!j'~l'j'~'~C:.'~~l'j'~' l"'.t!j'~l'l·~l'l·~·~~~ The extent of their crimes will be known through the laws. ::.~ 0\0\~ -.... complete black bY"'1'Wf.l.'~·cflQ.'~·~'lj·CJ·~'9·~~-~~~ The hair of Asian people is completely black.
~9·z:r~9·~c-_·1 -
~9·ii~·!c-_·qf
125
~J:I1·i!~·a..r~·Q"'~·r.~a·~··r~:_·~~:l.l·ii":_·1 An innocent person got blamed for the murder.
~~r ~Ql'1" ~Ql'11 frowning! moody ~l:ll"'·r.~·!·~~"'·l:ll~=-·r.~·~l:ll·~Qfll"
~Qfll·q~~·~·~~·~~·~~l:ll If you show me a frowning face right in the morning, I am not happy.
~·~·33·~·~c-_·r.~.s·Q~"f"t:l.~~·r.~.~~·l:!l
reciting prayer like a
parrot/prattling like a parrot .aQ·~·~~·~·~I:Il"'·~·s~·~=-·~· ~~~·~:.~·~·~·~·~·~·~c:.·rs~·r.~~·i!~l Your recitation of prayers will not be different from that of a parrot reciting OM MA NI PAD ME HUM if you don't understand the profound meaning.
~c-_·Q~:r~-~"1·~·5·~~-~·r.~.~Ql If there is a misfortune/problem at home, one will not be successful outside home
~c-_·Q~"~l'1·~·s·~~-r.~.~Q··~c-_·Q!p~·~l'1·~·sl'1·~~·~·t:~.~Q1 If all is well at home, then things will go well outside and vice versa. ~c-_·~pj33"S"-"~Oll disclosing the secret ~·ll7J"'·~·~c:.·~·~c:.·'711~·s~: Q~ClJ·s~·~·~~'71"'·~c:.·!ll!l"~·~~1 Disclosing a secret of the society to the outside will become a schism.
- -
~c-_·~~·Q"11:1."33031
}:"; ..,.. private or confidential talk ~c:.·l~"Q"1~·~a.J·'7)c:.·
~c:.·t)lc;.·c:.·a.J·a:f~·'7)~t:.·~'7]"~"'7)~t:.·1 Please inform me whatever the informal discussion may be.
126
~c:.·~~·g~·f'~ internal dispute ~r:_·~~·(l)·~~·fr:_·31f~·~·~l)! Who caused the internal dispute ?
~c:.·~Q~·~·~Q~·~on.r~~·~r
s·~·l'f:I\'~;J~·or~~·~·~.Qjl'fl
When the inner bravery of a warrior is not lost, there is no need to fear the war of king Cesar from the outside.
~C:.l'f' tt·~~·~·:zlc:,· ~·it~l Lit.: If one has salt in the morning, one doesn't have it in the afternoon/ Sense implied: This proverb is used to express the hard life of someone.
~~·CJ~j'fi~·~%~ panacea
one medication for a hundred sicknesses/ ~~·~~·~~·~·~·~l)'z::l~·tl~·~~~·~rl)~·31l'~·~~·~~~
Rinchen Rilbu (a precious tibetan pill) is an example of a medication that cures a hundred illnesses.
~~·~~c:.·~;J'i'!~
poor chronic patient z::l~·a:t~~·ti~'fr:_·~~·;~·~·
~~·~'tr:.·'13J'Sl~·~·~~~·~31·SI)'I;l'~l)l Delek Hospital always helps the poor and chronic patients.
~~·CJt'l'f·~~·ft:ll to recover from illness and save life ~;J~·~· ~z::l~·~~·z::l't~·~~lz::l'~·~~·~·~~·~·z::l~·~~~·w~l During war there is a separate unit to look after the wounded to save their lives.
~~·~~·~t§~.~~\5.l'f1 Lit.: a period of war, starvation and sicknesses/ Sense implied: period of degeneration/bad era
127
Lit.: the sky flower/ Sense implied: a
common example of non-existence ~iJJ'iJJ~~·i!·~ZI'J·~·i!~·r.~~· ~El·~ZI'l·&l~l
Sky-flower is an instance of non-existence.
~33·~~·~r::.·~~~l
as usual ~·~c:.·iJJE:"·~A·~iJJ·~~·~c:.·c:~~~·~~ZI'J
1"foday's function looks as usual.
~33·~~·~~·f~l common saying or oral interpretation ~·lZl'l~· z·~c:.·~iJJ·~~·:a~·i'~·~Zl'J·a.r·~Zl'Ja.r·~~·~s~·z·~~l Common sayings or oral interpretations are considered important in society. ~33·~9·33a!;~·~ at mid-night &!Zl'J·ifi~·~c:~~·~iJJ·~Zl'J·iJJifi~·Jf~·~c:.·ifc:~· fc:.·s"·z·~~Zl'l
Students study even at mid-night during the
examinations.
~~·c.y~·~r::.~·l~l within the scope of one's ability ~=.·~·~~· r.~~·~c:.~·l~·~~·2Zl'J'S~·r.~·&l~1 I did best within the scope of my ability.
9~33'S9'~i!t:!'af'Oll air-attack/to attack through planes a'fll·~· "1~·Zl'J~iJJ·i'Zl'J·~llc:!' (a.r· ~·i"'Zl'J· ~~·t.N·~Zl'J'f4 iJJ'r.J~ ·9~1 The United States defeated Iraq through air-attacks.
9~33·s9·~r::.·~t:ll air defence tr-rll·~·,·a.r·Zl'J~iJJ·i'Zl'J·~c:.·fc:~·~~·r.~·~·
.
..,..
....
c:!~~·~·~·~·a.r~c:. ·~~·r.~·~~l
Russia too has an air defence force
like that of the U.S.A.
128
~~~·~~~·~~~·~~l the same situation or condition if~·J:.r=.· ~t~·~·~~'i_tr.~·~if~·il·~Ji=~SJ~'~'=.'IJ'~~tr.l·~r=.tr.~·~~~·~"·a;~tr.I'CI'~~~ Tibetans of all ranks have fallen in the same condition after losing their independance.
~~~·~~·~~·i~l Lit.: to guess someone based upon the situation/ Sense implied: to insult somebody at its weakness/taking advantage of a situation "'=-·~r~~r=.·~r=.· ~s·~~~·lJ:.·~~tr.~·~tr.~·l~·itr.~·~tr.~·SJ"€r=.·~r=.·~i·il~·s~·il·~r=.·t one should not take advantage of the shortcoming of one's government and leaders.
~~~·~~~·aft::~~~ l discussion ~~tr.~·~~tr.~·af~!"'S~·~·~~tr.~·~~ ~tr.~~·Cfm~tr.~·~·~~~ proper discussion. ~~~·~~~·~~~·t::~~~l
The issue will be clear if there will be
a brief report ~·~SJ·~~tr.~·~~tr.~·"~tr.~·~!tr.l'
~~·tt~'{~·~·~·&'t~t This time I am going to make a brief report.
~~~·f~· ~t::~~· ~l a big disaster fl'tr.l'=.'il"·~!!~tr.~·~tr.~·~~~·f;'\'~~tr.~· i~·~;r=.·~~~
Yesterday's arson created a big disaster.
~~~·~'(~·~t~~-!1~
fear & oppression ~·~af~·~Jr=.·Cf!~·~~~·
~·SJ~J:. ·~~~·~~~tr.~·~~·~~·il·~·~"''·~·af~t
Many slaves spend their lives under the fear & oppression of their masters.
~·i'~·z:::ls·a.r~·~~·~'tc::~~~·~~~ l Seeing once is better than a hundred hearings.
129
~~·l'.crr~t~·Q.~Oll Lit.: to lance the very centre of the boiV Sense implied: to point out the mistakes or short-coming
~~·~·f;'c:!l\t~'~'l.lli~'QJ'~~tll'i'~l.ll'l'l.ll·~t~·~~QJ'~~·I:J·~~~ If someone's criticism rightly hits the target, then it is known as lancing the very centre of the boil.
~;J'~"l~'Q.~~·as~l wholesome activity ~"'·~·~~·t~·~~'-'·~~·~"1~· ~~;·QJ~·~·tll~'tll'~~~·~·~~tlll Good persons are always engaged in the wholesome activity.
~;J·~s\fas·~~l skillful ~~·~s\~·~QJ·~~·~;·t~~·il~·~~·~lll~·~·~~ ~~~·§~'&c:ll
A skillful person can lead the people.
~~·~wc:.·t::!~·i}~l careless and distraction or impoliteness ~~· l.ll~~'I:Jl!l'il~·~·~~·tll·iJ·~·9~·"1·fl!l~·l Half of life is wasted in carelessness and distraction. ~·~c:.·t::!~l:J~·r.q
Lit.: to bang one's nose/ Sense implied: to be
disappointed and to get a lesson f'"'~·~·rrr~·~·;~·~·s;·t~·~;l fi~·~;~~l!l'-''iJ·~~l!l ~·~·rs~·~;~~CJ~·i~~·l Yesterday I went to his home. I was disappointed. He was not there.
·wr~~·,.·l'~~l all sorts/variety ~~·~s:l\'flll'~·ire·~·il;·~·~lll~· ~l'~l~~l!l We see all sorts of cars and vehicles in the cities.
~·l'~~'i!t::!~'t::!~l
hundred ways/hundreds of means CJ~'"l'
l!l~·~l!l·s~·~~·~~;·t~·Uf~·;·~·~lll~·~aCJ~·~;~!·tll~·~~·ur~·l
130
Where
there is will there are hundreds of ways to do a thing. ,.~~t:l·w~·c.yl
to put a warning finger at the nose ~~-~~·~·
t::l~~·~~~·;;li\·~~·Ff~·~~·~·&r~z::t·~~·~~·l I made a mistake in the way I spoke for which he pointed a warning finger at my nose.
,~·~~·{~·9w~·1 negligence and careless OJ~·,·~~·~s·~~·w~· t).!~·~~·~~·{~-~~~·~~~·3l·~~·1 It is not advisable to be negligent and careless in whatever kind of work it may be.
1~·&t~· ~~·it~l indifferent/insensitive ~~·~~·~·3l·~ &r~·a.r~~~· ~~·~·;{ll\·z::t·%·t).!~·~~1 and sorrow.
An insensitive person doesn't feel joy
1~·~·~1~·afl~·~~9·9~'
3la·3l·~·~·~&r·a~'&rll\'~·z::t~~·~~·~·~~-r~~·t:l.~l:l·~~1 Human life slowly comes to an end day by day just like the exhaustion of oil in a lamp.
f~·~t:l~'t:l~
131
{~·~~·f~·c:~'t~ necessary
omission and addition; to alter wherever ~s· r31·~~·a.rf;·~s·r~ ·~'t"l·"1~ ·l~'-'· ~1~. ~·~"'· ~"1·
"1~~·~"1'-''"li~·l Please edit this article, making ommissions and additions wherever necessary.
132
~·~·~~·Ql
miscarriage ~·~ra~.rz;t·~"'·~·~·.tf:.:.·t;~·~·.l:ll~.l:ll"'·?.l:.:.·.l:ll~~·
f~·~·t;~·c:(~l Miscarriage is more harmful to the h~alth than delivering a child.
afafi(i4t
grand-father and grand-mother cnr~~·ifif.l:ll~"'·
.l:ll~"~·t;~{:.:.·~·s~·i:t~·l The grand-father and grand-mother went for pilgrimage.
CJ~'fl'
~CJQ.'Q.~e.!(lf'~C:.'Q.~~1 to be afraid of/ to shiver at the sight of
fearful
~:.:.·~~·l.l:ll"'·~~"'·.l:ll~a.r·~·~:.:.·~~;~Q,·Q,~~"'·~~·Q,~:.:.·s~·~;~·
i:~t Cowardly people lose their heart and shiver at the fearful sight.
~CJQ.'C:.~'fQ(If'~~1 ~CJQ.'C:.~'QQ
and dauntless m~·i·~·"f:.:.'!~·~·~z;tQ,'Q-~z;tQ,'~:.;.·t;~Q~·?;~·z;t·~.l:ll· i:~l King Gesar was a very courageous and dauntless warrior.
133
"t~r.~: m·se::.:2Jl strong, durable and in good condition &fe·~~·~· 'lf~I:.IQ.'.J>'ll~·Q-~~'9 good condition.
Right now/At the moment this car is in
"t~~·t::~~~·~~3J~·~a.t1 publication and distribution ?f~·~·~~· ~
~
~~·~~:1\~"''~CJ:I\'~;:j~·~~&l"''~QJ'I:Il~~·&l[Q~·~"'':I\I:Il'~CJ:I\'[Q~·~~ffhe Tibetan Cultural~ Printing Press is the publisher and distributer of the Political History of Tibet.
"t~a.t·~s~·~~·~~"t1 financial dealings/ fund raising l~·r.~· ~&l"''~CJQJ'~S:.;.·~~·~~~·QJ'&l[Q"''I:J'W~! Businessmen are expert in fund raising or making money.
"t~a.t·~s~·~~lJ1~·t::~~~1 economic development ~aJ·[Q~·~·~r.~aJ· ~
~s:.;.·.~~-9'-''~;:j~·,i~·~·~i-13]·~~'9'-''I:J'~~~ Many factories are set
up for natiml"al economic development.
"'~a.t·~s~·arr:..~·j"t1 wealth and resources
"'~"'·~'-'·z·l''-1·
~'9'-''~:.;.·~·~r.~QJ·~s:.;.·a:f~'-'·f~·~~·~·QJ·i~·r.~·-9~~·~~'-'1 According to Buddhism, one needs to be generous in order to gain wealth and resources.
"t~r:..·~·33"J33't::l~t::l1 to shoulder the responsibility equally
iS\
r.~~·s~·ij~·t-~"'·r.~·~~·&l~&l·~·QJ"'.~I:Il~·~~~·r.~·&l~&l·~~~·s~·r.~·~~~ Tibetan women shoulder the responsibility equally with their men.
134
c:f~c:..·1 We are extremely happy over your securing first position. "t~'t::!ii~'W-1\'~~~l to follow the good example l)a!''!!IC:..'c:fll.l·t~~~:~~.·
~~~'SI)'~'"'~lll'c:fOJ"f'~"f·~c:..·l If one follows the good example one will naturally become good.
",SOJ't::!~·;:}~·.c;,~·ff~·Q~·~~·~·~l Lit.: like an eye on our forehead and the heart! Sense implied: the most precious and the beloved one
V$0J't::!'W",'t::!~~·~.1\'~'~'
2f.c;,·;:}· t:6~·;.y~·.c;,sOJ·t::~~·~~-.c;,~·ff~·Q~·~~-~·~·~·w~l
His Holiness the Dalai Lama is like the eye of forehead and the heart within every Tibetan.
~t::!l'f'Q'~'t::!~",l with great confidence and courage
2~·~·
l'f;.J·~el'f'~t::!l'f'Q'~·t::~~.c;,·~·if~l'f'$'~"·~·~t::~l'fl Thonmi Sambhota had been to India with great courage and confidence. S~·1·;·il~-~~-~l'f·~-~~c:.·l Lit.: A horse-eating wolf cannot be satisfied with the carcase of a sheep/ Sense implied: very greedy
s~·1~·~·0J'l'l'f't::!.f:1",'Ql'f'~'l'4~l It is of no use to teach Dharma to a wolf. This proverb is used when someone preaches dharma to an unrecepient who doesn't listen. sC:.''JlC:.'~\?Sf active and smart z:J~·~lll"~'~·s=-·~=-·~~·c:f~·sl!l·~~l My friend is very active and smart.
135
s~·~~·~i:.!~·~~·f~·fj·';~l
Although one nurtures a wolfcub, it can not become a watch-dog.
s~·;·t:J.a~·t.\l~·~~·i~·';~·~~~·~~l Even if a wolf is very nice, a shephered is unlikely to listen/ Sense implied: umeliable/hard to trust someone
f~%.·~~~·~~l beneficial both to the individual and the society ~c.·~~·OJ~'t:I.ZI]~·~~·S!Z!]'c:!~c:!·~·t·~~·ZIJ~~·,~·~OJ't:l.~c:!~· '0
~~~ If one perfonns one's duty sincerely, it is a contribution
to both oneself and one's society.
fi.t~~·qftfaJ"l:Jl to bubble with joy s~·~c.·r.~.~·ZIJ~'~c:!~'I;J~'t il~~·~c:~·~·r.~.f'OJ'c:!~·c.c.·~~·~ZI]~i·.i;·~·~·~~~ We are very pleased with your visit here and would like to thank you whole-heartedly for the same.
136
~·t~·~~·~·f~'Qo0Jl s·~·~~·~·i{'&J'Sl
Lit.: His father was
like a sandalwood but he is like a hollow bamboo/ Sense implied: opposite of "like father, like son" ~·~OJ·s~·r.2.E:~l a son following one's father's tradition/to
take the responsibility of one's father ~-~~-~·~~~·~·l'(II·J:.~· ~-~~-~~~·aJ·y~·~:~r~-~~~·t~~~·~aJ·s(II·Q.E:~·s~·e~·~~f The youths of today take the responsibility of their fathers by preserving their culture and tradition. ~·z:tpj&J'~.J:.'1':2.E.~~l
father's words imprinted on their sons
Gl't:l*1~·s·~~·s~·~·~~~·~;IJ.I·sJ;.·Q.E.~(II'~~-, If a son listens to his father, his words will be imprinted on him.
~-~~-q~·s·~~-~·i3z:;t
A bad father does not mean a bad
son. ~-~~·z:;~·~·if~·w~-~~·q·~il.J:.t Although brothers become enemies, their lineage is gold (pure). This proverb is spoken to emphasise the importance of heritage and lineage. ~-~~'OJ'!l respecting blood relationship ~~~-~~-~'aJ'~J:.·~:~i·~:~·CJ.J· J:.t:l6f'~·~~(ll·w~f It is a sign of good manner to regard and respect one's blood relationship.
137
1'4'll:.~~·~·a:.=l~l 1'4'1·~·a:.~~~ generations 1'4·~·s·~~;~ar·~ar·~;~;"l·z;ta· ~=-·a,·~c::z;t~ 1 t::ITf~'i'll'!'iJ.J~ ·~ar·~;~;"l·t::~ac.·sar·~1
,,,.il;·~ar·il ;·
"l~~·~·~r:_ 'CI~ 1iJ·~~;·~;~~~·~·~a.~·~~ ·~·~f~;~·~~'a.!11il"ll'f'CI~ 't::li'!ll'f' ~·(~·~·a.~ar·~~;~ar·Cfi·ff~a·~sar·c.~·~~·c:~·"l~~·i3·.a1 It is undoubtedly the result of our bad kanna to have been exiled from our native land which has been ours for many generations due to the colonialism of Communist China. ·
1'4~''?~·{~'1:l.t1~l to listen and speak in a hidden manner 1'4~·~~~·~tll~·~~~ benefit and help ~~~·c:ar·~;·c:~·l'4~'~"ll'f'~"ll'f' ~J.J·s;·c:·i:;1 Doctors help and benefit patients.
1'4.~·~~·ZJ)~~·q~~~ to harm instead of benefit ~~·~·!~;~·J~·~· ..........
~
...,.,
~~;~ar·~·l'4~'3.1i'l:!hi'~~~·.t."ll'f'CI'e>Ji1
The support of stupid persons sometimes brings more harm than benefit.
1'4~·~~·q~~·l:l~ll:.l competition ~;·~1'4~·~~·~~~·~;~!~·~~;~ar·~;·~ ::!~'J.If!~'J.IC.'~~=-·1 There are many spectators to watch the competing sportsman in games.
1'4~· ~~·~~~·1'4~1 mutual benefit "l~~·a.~·if~;~·J.c.·~;~!!~;~·c:·~·l'4~·~~· '"' ~ '"' ... "l~l'f'l'4~·~·s·~;~·~"l·~;1 To teach others is a mutually beneficial job.
-
i"ll'fl
One should cultivate mutual respect to all religions.
138
'4~·~~·~s;·if~l
being patient to each other r::::.;."·;{-Z
t;Ta~·if51'z:t1~"l~·~·Sl:ll'l:110J'~~·~Q.~l:ll It is very important for us to cultivate mutual patience for each other.
'4.1\'i~~· ~:1\·;~9
to create dissension il·"~·~~·~"'Q'ffi"'51'Z'4:1\'
~~l:ll·~:.;,·~~l:ll·t;~a~·if"·l That evil person created dissension throughout the country.
'4.J:.'F9'~.1\·;~t' to blame one another Z'4:1\'fl:ll'~:.;.·~~·s~·Q:.;,·ft:451' al~l
We regret putting blame on one another.
'4.1\·~s~· ~:1\·~s~t mingle ~·51ffi51~·fl:ll·~ril·~51""'~0J.ft;1'z:t1~~·~· ~t;!:I\'1:4:1\'Q.S~·~:.;,·Q,s~·~·sl:ll·s~·Q·~~~ The people of two neighbouring countries living at the border areas often mingle with one another.
'4:1\'t9~'~:1\'t9~l to run here and there :l"·~l:ll·Q~·~t;~~·~·:l"· Q'~51~'o'OJz:t1't;T~~·~·t:4:.;.·~l:ll~·~:.;.·~l:ll~·s~·Q·~~~ During good business the businessmen run here and there to acquire supplies.
'4.1\'afar~;·~~l offensive strategy ~"·~~·~~-rii~'Q:I\'t;Ta-Q.~~·~· 1:4:1\'afa.r·~~·§~·t;~~:.;.·~~~~ Right from the beginning if one wants to destroy someone, apply the offensive strategy.
'4:1\'~9f't:!$'i~'~.1\·~9f~~·l to have many travellers/coming in and going out in hundreds ~l:ll·~·f~'fS51':1\'~·:l"·Q·t:4:.;.'Q.f t;~~·~"·~:.;,·Q.f{"·~~~ There are hundreeds of travellers coming in and going out at the Nagchukha Business Centre/market.
139
£'4~·~~·~~·~~~
looking everywhere t~·JJ·~c_·~:;~~~·f4~·~:;~~·~~·
~:;~~·JJc.·Q-JJ·S~l Don't look everywhere like a thief.
Q.T~"QS!~·~~·Ql!~l to fight with one another e·~~-.r·~.,·z;r~·!;~· ~·f4~ "t:l.lll:;l"~~·ql!~:;~·s~·~·qs~ Two dogs are fighting one another for a bone.
£'4~·r~·~~·Oj~l crediting and debiting ~~a.r~c.·OJ·f4~-r~·~~·~~· 961"[61·if~·a~·s·JJ·~~~-.r·,~·£l·q~~ After crediting and debiting in the bank, only Rs.60.00 is left as balance. £'4~·Qs~·~~·Qs~l
Lit.: sticking towards here and there/ Sense implied: flattering or leaning towards here and
there t:r~·ll·sc:r~c:.·q~q·.tl"'·~.,·~~:~-.r·~·!·ll·arf4~·qs~·~~:~-.r·~·t:r~· ll·OJ·~~·qs~·s~·~·~~·z;r·~~~ A few silly Tibetans sometimes lean towards the Chinese and at other times they lean towards the Tibetans.
Q.T~"~+l~·~~·l::l+l~l to discuss one another ~~-.r·~OJ·~~·(~·f4~· ~~·~~·".tl~·s~·~·q~~·~r~~~ It would be alright to discuss one another about this matter.
~·~~~·~~Q·~~~~ to run all over the valley ~~·ij~·~·~~-.r· JJ~q·!~-.r·s~·z;r·~·~-.r·l~·qf~~·~~l It is waste of time to run all over the valley without any purpose. ~·~~~·~~·~~·!
short sighted/one who cannot think much for
140
future l::l~~~J·f~·i1Q)'~£:.·~c:.·l::111:.'~·~3lQ]~·~a.J·i"\·~~l::l'~l::l·~·sri;~l If one is short sighted, one cannot fulfil one's b'rg aims. ~·~~·~r:.:arC!.tlp:r~c:.:z::q Lit.: short sleeves with a long arm! Sense implied: shortage of funds for a big plan ~·~~·~~Q. ·~~-q to flee up and down the valley ~·t~·3r~·g~· ~~J~~·s~·i.lc:.·"\~·~~J'i'c:.·~·ih~s"J The thieves having fled up and down the .valley, they are no where to be seen now.
~~· ~~· ;{~~·ql excellent ~·~a.J·~·~"\'~~~J·l'Q)~·t.~a·~c:.·f!~~J~·~"l·i;~l Heaven is an excellent celestial abode. ~Cl·~·§~·£::q the best g~~J·~~·~a.J·~·§c:.'l::l'~'a.J'~ila.J·~~·'i'l::l! The best arttcle won the prize. ~~·41·j;·~ naughty and showy ~~"\·~a·~~·~·f4~·.s:rffi·~~c:.·t During youthhood, one may be naughty and showy.
~·s-~~·Ff~·q~·~~Q.·~~·~~~·~~·l Lit.: A brave man's heart has a room for arrows and spears/ Sense implied: A brave man can bear many difficulties. ?(-~QQ.· ~·~~~~l brave man and fast horse f!!!J~·~·;·t.~·~·~ ~CJ~'a.J'i'~~J~~~·t.~·~~~
The horsemen of Kham were very brave and their horses very swift.
?f~s~·i}~l no difference in sex/irrespective of sex ~~~Jc:.~· ~~·~QJ'(QI::l'"\l:.'~ifrs~·it~·~··~~·QJ~'"l'~S'~~J~!!J'S~'I;!'i;~l In a democratic country, people work equally irrespective of sex. 141
afJ:.r::rffz:Jt't:.YJ\'~·t:~~·~9·~·w~1 Lit.: A braveman's heart has a space for hundred horses to run through/ Sense implied: A braveman can bear many hardships.
?t-J:.t:!'9~'~r~·§fgaJ·Ol~·ar~s~·9~3.J·~·~~·t:~~J\·~9~1
A
discussion with three mediocres woul~ be better than an idea of a wiseman. The proverb is used to emphasise the importance of discussion.
?f~9'i!&J~·o~·~9·&J~&J·w~1 Lit.: All crows are equally black. Sense implied: All are equally guilty. af~9'03'~'~"12\'~&J'~1 Lit.: unitl a crow grows white hair/ Sense implied: a time that will never come ...,.,......
....,.,......
~·5~'3.3'5~'1
single (man or woman)
S~'~(ll·~~:;~(ll·~:;~~·afai\~~1 convenient to work.
~....
....,....
0.
...,·~c:.·~·~c:.·l:!l·~l::l(II"~·C'll(ll",.
When one is single it is very
59't:!i9'~~~~·~~1 in accordance with a divination f[c:.·~(ll· -
~
0..
.,
......
Sl:!l'il:Tl(ll'~l:!lC:.(II"l~·~~:;~(ll·~~·coc:.·~·~:;~~~:;~(ll·(llc:_·l
He performed all the rites in accordance with the '!iivination.
59·Ql~·~~·~~Ol1 to implement and materialise or to succeed l'~~-o.~~-~~·~\~::~~l:!l·cr~~(ll·sl:!l·a:r~·~~·"'~C'll·~c:.·~::~~·~~·~~·~r~~l The resolutions put up at the meeting were meant to be implemented or were to materialise the aim.
142
s~·z:r~~rt:l.~~l'I'S~'CJ'~~~ All people co-operate for their national
cause. ~.......
....
~·z:t]~ra,~·~e.t·~z:t]
-
e..
~~:wz~p:.tq·~e.t'Q1
Lit.: to keep ordinary tsampa in a brocade bag! Sense implied: very showy although one is vey poor
s·~a.t·a.t~·~z:tJ~1 foreign or alien custom s·~QJ·~·"'r::.·l'l~·a..~3.!· ~~l'l·~·~t:l-l'l't::l~·af~~~·tif~t convenient.
The foreign marriage custom is
S'~'l]·a.t~·~c:..·~'ll'~t:l'Q'~"lq 1An enemy inside i.s more difficult to subdue than an enemy outside. very late s·~3.lffi~·a..~·s·Cfs·aft:l.~~·tif~·CJ·3.!·~~~ should not go out late at night.
s·2fs·atJ
Girls
s·w·~9~·~·~c:..·9·~::.:~1 Lit.: the outer fence and the inner
jeweV Sense implied: the most precious/everything
v~a.r
t::l'~ ~· t::1 ~ ~·~~. s·~·?J~·il·i!3.ll'l' o~·~·s·w·~~l'l·~·~r::. ·~r::.·~·~~ ·s·~·w~l His Holiness the Dalai Lama is the most precious to all Tibetans.
S'z:t]~a.t·~c:..·z:t]~a.!1
Lit.: transparent' Sense implied: open
secret/known to everyone ~~l'l'~OJ't:l.~'S'~l'la..T'~r::.·~l'!a..T'~~~ This news is known to every one.
s~·Q~'l~·~c:..·~~·Q~'-Ga.Y1 Lit.: trace of a walk and an imprint of digging! a feat whether good or bad
143
Stl1~·~~·~~1 from every direction l:ll=-"~·$~·~·S'l:ll"~'~~·~"'·ll·~=-· ~t::~ilr:;Jl'l'~~l:ll everywhere.
Many people have come to Gangkyi from
Stll~'ti1Ci~·~~1 on the other hand Sl:ll"~'l:ll~l:ll·~"~·t!l~·CJ"~'~"l~·=-ar t::~'fl'l·~=-·sl:ll"~'l:ll~~·~l:ll·~"~·GI~·'fl:ll~·.i~·~§=-·~~~ On the one hand the rain creates trouble and on the other hand it is very helpful also.
Stll~·I:J~·~ct~~·I:J~~1 Lit.: the four directions and the eight sub-directions/ Sense implied: from all directions
~"~·
~f'~·~t::~=.·.i~·~t::~l'I·~·Sl:ll"~'t::l~·~~~"~·t::~~~·~·ll·~'(~~·~~l:ll At the Kalacakre Initiation, people gathered from all directions.
Stll~'Ol~·~~-~031 Victorious/ victory from all directions jft::~· ~~~-~"~-~1:11"~' 0•1'S'l]"~'OJ"''~~·~OJ·~·~~"~·~t::~·'ft::~t Acharya Dharmakirti won the accomplishment of victory from all directions.
~·~if~· ~·.i!a31
Lit.: magnifying glass that enlarges small
things/Sense implied: microscope sr~'f=.·.i·.tjOJ·~-~~OJ't!~"~'OJ' t::~~~-~"~·s·t::~~·~~-~~-~~"~·~"~·~t~·g~·~t::~t With the help of a microscopic machine, the invisible insects are identified.
~·~·~s~·r~1
slander s·~·~g~-J~·s~·CJ·~l:ll·CJ~·~t slander is a cause of non-virtue.
The act of
~tll'~tll·~~tll~·I:J~~·1 to be deeply in jealous of and stubborn
144
~;·~~·~~·~~·&l~~~·z::~az::§~·CI·f;·Cia·a:~l It is an act of madness to be deeply jealous of and stubborn to someone without any reason.
~~~·~·Cil precise, in every detail ~;~·~a.r·~~·~~·~·~z:.·st·z::~·c::a.r ~~·ur~l I know in every detail about this matter. ~·a.r·~~-~l a little bit ~z:.·~~·z:.·a.r·'4;·~·a.r·~;·~·i'~~·~z:.·l helped me a little bit.
He
~·~q·~-~~~·~·&~l Lit.: children cry to their parents/ Sense implied: upon whom one is relied/upon whom requests are to be made ~~"-·~~"-·~ry~·t::'l eyes. ~s·a.r~·~&~~·~~~~l
to rub il~·~~~·~~~·&T·~~z:.·l Don't rub your
disparage, to say low of somebody
~~;·a.r·~s·a.r~·~&~~·~Elz::~~·;&~·urz:.·~~c:.·il·~z:.·l One should never disparage others.
~~a.r·~~~·~~~·"l"-l temporary and ultimate z::~~&T·CI·z::~ac:.·~s~· Cl·~·~~a.r·~~~·~~~·"l~"'4i"CI·tti;l Generating good-heart is beneficial temporarily and ultimately.
~~a.r·~~·a.r&~·f~l
to guide for future aJ"&Ta·&~~;·~·~~a.r·~;·a:&~·
{;·!·z::~"l~·f~::~·~·~:;~~·z::~o~l I approached the spiritual teacher for temporary and ultimate guidance.
145
t:l.~a.t·~a.~·~·tl~~l to take it very easy "-'~·~~·~~·Q.s·~~·~.y~· ~~·Q.§"-T·ii"--'!!'l;ll'~·slij~l One should not take it very easy whatever the kind of work it might be.
146
z::r;f"s~·Q~\~~·~~·'9ift Lit.: to feed cow during winter for summer milk/ Sense implied: to think or prepare in advance Q'Q~"'Q'OJ~.Q~~·Q·"!J1~1 Lit.: It is better to milk a cow than to kill her/ Sense implied: to make use of something without harming the other/ to think for the long run.
Q.!:!pN\ ~OJ·~~~1
careful and modest ~·;{lll~·~t:.·~·I:Jlll'c>f"·~Cl!·
3.!~~·9"'3.lfl~·;{:.:,·CJ1:.:.·~·l'CJ'I;!'i::"t The careful and the modest persons are respected in a society.
Q~·~·~·"r::..·~ti~~·~·{l Lit.: witness and a rock that marks the boundary/ Sense implied: witness and boundary line "s~·~·~·~·~"'"CJ:.:.·~·CJ:.:.·~·~·"t:.'3.!~3J~·~,.(~·&!~·cri::"t Britain is a witness like a boundary line between Tibet and China.
~·ar~·~~'11Q'~0J1 to be in great debt s·a:J~·~~·~CJ'~Cl!'~t:_'"'~t:_· s·a:J~·a:)~·~·r.l.~lll taking loans.
-
"Zil~l
Although he is in great debt, still he is
To ask for a loan one has to keep gold as mortgage.
~"·ij~· ~"·a~1 to waste [fft:.·~~·~~·;{"·a"·iJ"·~"·a~·lll~t:.·~·3J·i::"l He will not waste time.
147
a~·f~·s~·Q~l convenient to use ~JJ'~"l·~·l-&l"l·~~·a,:·Cj~·f'~·s~· ~~...
..... ...
z::tl'"'l'~'S"l'~~·~~~
Ball point pens are very convenient to use in the examinations.
rr~·Q·~i-t~·~s~~l Lit.: to consider a donkey worth a gold! Sense implied: to give great regards to a humble person
rS ~·~~·c. ·a.:· ifc.·z::t·t:llif~ ·"l'i!"l~·~· ~a.:·~·!i·t2.l't:11·"1~c. ·z::~ ~ ·~"l~·a:· ~~ Thank you very much for your kind consideration (toward me). rr~·~·Q~~·~~·rr~·~·Q.l'OJt Lit.: to search for the donkey one is riding on/ foolishness/ Sense implied: stupidity C3~·~~·f3·~~·~i_t~·Q~~·~·tN'~·l Lit.: A donkey will never vomit gold/ Se~e implied: impossible expectation C3~·~~'3-l'Q~~·Ol&J'Q.51~·&J~·1 There are many passes where
donkeys have not crossed (sarcastic remark). This proverb is used to point out someone' s narrow scholarship. rr~·~·Q~'Q.~~·l ~·~~~·c.t~'Q.~~·l Tibetans are overly hopeful and the Chinese are overly suspicious. This is used to 'express that Tibetans are always hopeful and Chinese are always suspicious of something.
rr~·~·Q~·Qif3.3~·~~·~·~~~·~·Q.~Q1
~·~·~~~·Qif3.3~·~~·~·
Q~'Q.~Ql Indians meditate upon one deity and actualize a hundred deities whereas Tibetans meditate on a hundred deities but do not actualise even one deity.
148
s·"~~·z:tt~t::.l~J'Q~"1 to honour with award ~:~.s·r~rcil~~·~~·~· s·~~Q.·~a=.~·Cl~~·~a.q The best article was awarded.
S'af'"'(z:tt~r~r::.·f(~·:q Lit.: Even if a vulture is starving it will never eat green grass/ Sense implied: to express that one will never do
S'Q$'~2\·~~~~·~~·~"'r.ll Lit.: One hundred birds driven away by one sling shot/ Sense implied: a rule that binds all people
s·~~·~·~Q·~·s·",~·ar?t~ Lit.: shadow of black birds falling on white birds/ Sense implied: bad influence
--
-~ ~ "' s·~·~"·l'l~'"lC:..'~l'l·~~·~"·q[~1
In the absense of a cock, a donkey would herald the dawn.
S'Q'fl~l'l·~~·Qj
a task of serious nature (negative)/ a
disastrous work s·c:r~=.·fl~~·i;~·~·~:~.s·~·s~l "''~'t:I.Sj~'~'Q.!' "''~'t:I.Sj~·=Cl! Don't do such a disastrous work, the karmic result is subtle and profound.
s·a~·~·a~1 Lit.: catching birds and fish/ Sense implied: to do something in an unsystemetic way/ to touch many works at a time
S'
149
~"f·il~·~l.f·~~l to interfere other's business Zll~~·~·C2.flll'"l::l\'~tll· il~·~tll·~~·9lll'~·UIZ!l'cr~·~~~ other's work.
It is not good to interfere in
§·~·~·~33·~·~l Lit.: Like sand absorbing water/ Sense implied: to disappear s~·~~l3rrZ3·2ft likely to dol active or smart il·I"4·~·C2.ftll·"1·s~·~~Z11· f~"CfZ!l~Zil·~~Zil
That man is likely to do a job.
S!~·s~·-(l~·~~l to scratch 31"9~·9~·-e~·-e~·l:lry=.·~·~~·Ul=.·sZ!l·~·~·~~~ If wound is scratched, it won't get healed.
s~·~tN"~·Q~c.r~~l exploitation of servants ~Cf~·=-~·~~tll'~tll'5)~' Zll~Z!l·C2.l·~a.r~~·s~· 1:r~~~ Bad masters exploit their servants. ~
........
~·l:l!. ~·til=.'!
Being in rush I forgot to meet you.
ar~sl\·~~·2l\l shocked and losing one's spirit ~·~·O,f·~~·~=-·!!z::.· ~·ii·~~S::I\·~~·l'::I\·I!.Z!llll'Ciq·~~·f!·~~~ If you scare children there is il danger of their getting shocked and losing spirit.
a~·~~·l)·~~l religious and political heads/ dignitaries ?S'~·~·il·
·~~·~=.·il·~~·~~tll·~s~·Cf~~·CI·~~~ The religious and political heads were friendly with one another in Tibet.
150
- -
.... ~~-;~-~~·z;t·~~1
ar~r~1~·~l'~
Buddhas have unsurpassable knowledge.
honest/ very saintly/ one of the four objects
of refuge/ naive il·~~·a~·~·~1~-~~~-~~~-Uf~·z;t·i;~1 This man is very saintly, honest and naive.
ar~~·J\·Q~~-l'~·~J\·~-~~~-~~-~·~·Q$"·~-l'~·Q·~r::.·tN~·~~l If a Lama can kill a goat why can't a disciple make sausage(questioning someone with sarcastic remark).
arifQ·~-~~-~~
the spiritual commitment between a
teacher and his disciple .§!'i{Q·~-~~-~~-Qj~~-rz;t~·Q~~-~~~1 One needs to observe the spiritual commitment between a teacher and his disciple.
S]C:.'~J\·(Q·~~l What is to be cultivated and eliminated, what is beneficial and detrimental
~~·~g~-~~·~·.§I~·~~·R·~~·~·
~(~·Q·~~~·~~~1 If one is wise, one should not make mistake with regard to what is beneficial and what is detrimental, and what should be cultivated or eliminated.
S]C:.'~J\'CJ~·{~l ~~~·~·%;~1
guidance ~~·~·Z'4·~·~~·~a,·"l~·~~·a~~·~~·~~·{~· One's teachers and parents will give guidance.
~~-2f~c:.·Q:tf~l a fool's sincerity ~~·~~-s~·?:fs~-~~·"4~·-r~~-~~· ~~~·z;t·~·Q·~~-~~1 A fool's sincerity might prove more detrimental than beneficial.
151
if'~"1Z\"~~·r:::~~~1 faithful and caring :::a.rf"'"1:11.'SC:.'I:3~"\·!·~Zl'l"''~ Zl'l~Zll'a.T"''il"'t I have only one faithful and caring friend.
§f~"1Z\'t6~·~~1 extrmely good hearted f"'"1:.;.'a!;"''ii"'·~·R·~~~'-~·R· ~a·"\r::.·~"'·~ai'r::.·~·~"'l Extremely good hearted persons will be happy in their life.
§f~"1Z\"i.t3J~r~"1Z\1 good and kind hearted f"'"1:.:.·it""''"'"1:.:.·!· R'~'l"''~"'·~ai'r::.·I:3:.:.'Jfll1 May good and kind hearted persons be happy!
if!Z3·~·~~'9
single minded fF3'i'Zl'l~I:IJ·~·il·~~~"'·~·l:3"1'1'~"\·'!"''
!'-~·~~1:3·~·~"'' People with single mindedness will accomplish their aims.
)i-
......
.. ...,
..,
Zl'l~lll'S'at e·ct.·~r:::Zl'l'II'"\'-~'Zl'l~r::."'·UII"'f
Mahayana and Hinayana Buddhism have been taught according to disciple's scope of intellect and attitude.
if'.I:Jl%'9·i.t33l'f"'9%'9
one thought and one mind 1:3il~·ffir::.·Zl'l~"'·Cf
~·fZl'l~Zl'l·ii'!"''Zl'l~Zl'l'"\C:.'I:3~"\'ct.'l'q.~~Zl'l That couple is very dose as if they have been one thought and one mind.
152
~z:rp;"·~~·~::~~a.Tl to entrust with full faith ~:::~:.~·~~·~·~1'~·&~l'~· ~~&~·a.rf~;~·&l::.·~:;~~a.r~~::.·~~'-~1 If one is a Buddhist one must entrust the triple gem(s) whole heartedly.
~~::~;~·~~l\'i!"l firm and unchanging mind/ faithful ::.·o..t·jf ~;~;~·~~~·i!~·~·~~"'·(.f~~~·o..tf.l'i!~t friend.
I have just one faithful
~53z:!l'J;\Qj decisive/ determined ~·l&~·~·~~;~"'·~·f~~~·l'~·(.fc>f~·~· t.'ll~·(.f-~~1 It is better to be decisive when one has been lingering in doubt.
~53z:!l'fl"'t::lo"1 resoluteness/ determination! to be completely determined t.~ri!·~·(Z3'o..t'jf'lil~·~~·~;~o~·~"'·c>r::.·cr~;1 I came to the United States with full resoluteness. ~t::l~'t::lz:!l'~t::l~l relaxed and be at ease !'~~·o..t·~:;~jj~:;~·~·f~;~~·~:;~~· Gl~;~"'·g~·~"'·~;~~~·l'~·~r~~~ We can relax and be at ease when we reach India.
1:3~~"'·~1
You can stay here in peace and relax.
~~"~·~::~f"·~a,yl inconceivable and inexpressible f::.·~~·~·~;· ~·il·~o..t·~"'·fo..t"'·~~"'·~·~::.·~;~f~·~·o..t"''So..t'Q'~~~ The meaning of emptiness is inconceivable and inexpressible to ordinary beings.
153
r-1·~c:.·~1
mentally short-sighted f'fs=.·~;~~·ll·l'-.r·JJ·~=-•·rr:.t~·
~~·~·~;~-.rJJ·f~li'=-·s~;~·z·JJ·~il A mentally short-sighted person cannot think for the future.
r-At5rt~~·~
sadness and unhappy tfrrs·a.~~-.r·~~-.r·r:.~~·~~-.r·
'ar~{ft4JJ'~·s~·!·~=-·t We were very sad and unhappy to hear the passing away of our paternal uncle. r-~::~z::r~~·if~1 to prefer or like (Q=.·n·;~·4J~·a.~·f~;~~;~·cll;·if~·§=.·t I prefer their teacher to be ours.
r-rzri·~~~1 two pointed minds/ wavering fl~;~·t~~-.r·z-.r·t:!.~JJ· ~·il·iqt ft~~-.r·z-.r·~~·il·t:!.~C3l A needle with two points cannot stitch and a mind with two points cannot fulfill aims.
r-~·9~~·53~~1 like minded! common in ideology f;·~%~· JJS~·~·Il·~JJ"''JJS~·cr~;·~il People with the same ideology are friendly.
r-~e:~·J~·~c:.~1 practising memorization and recitation I:)J'r:.t' l'-.r·f3·t:!.~~·ft:!.E:~·;=.·J~·!=.-.r·~·s~·~~=-·~·~il
Monks practise a lot in memorization and recitation of prayers.
r-tNc:.~rftf9"9~Cl!1 broad minded and open =.·n·~·~·frQ~· ~=--.r·a.~·(Q'~r:.t·.~-.ra.t·~;~·~~·cll~l Our boss is open and broadminded.
r-~~~·~~~~~1 a friend with whom one seeks adviCe and
154
wisdom q~·~lll'a.Jl:!Jlll'c:.~·f~l:!Jlll'-flll'~l:!Jlll'c.tl!jl Mr. Tashi is my friend with whom I seek advice and wisdom.
if.c31~ar~·.c31~~l young intellectual ~c:.·t~~c:.·Cf~·!jt~~'fl:!Jllla.J'!j'l:IJ~~· Rc:.·Cfclfc:.·Qp"-~l:ll
Many young intellectuals are coming from
Tibet these days.
ifit&~~'.c31~.c31'c:!~O!l
unity/ integrity Cf~·ll·:ft~~·fi!Rlll'l:IJ%l:IJ·~·
[email protected]·~t~~·a·IJ·a.z·~afa.z·st~~·z:r~~~ Tibetans unitedly fought against
the Chinese invasion.
ifit&~~'t.c31~.c31 concentrated mind/ single minded fi!Rt~~'f' l:IJ%l:IJ·~·~~~tll·ci.!~·st~~·~·tiq·cz·a.zl:ll'~·af!j·!·~~~ It one practises with a concentrated mind,.one will achieve the goal of realization.
if.c31~03'03.c31'c:!~l wise and dexterous c:.~·s·~·fl:!Jllla.J'cr~c:.·a.zl:IJ·Cf q~·Cft;f~l
My son is intellegent and dexterous.
if{"'c:!.c31'~c:!~l comfortable/ relaxed and content ~·l:ll~·~·~\ IJ·~~~lll·ff~·ql:ll·~qlii'Slll'~lll·q~l:!Jlll'"-~l:ll living comfortably.
Tibetans in India are
"c:~c:.·~"·c:~if~·.c3113-!l a dictatorial command/ to scold harshly i~·q~l:ll·c:.~·~lll·~c:.·~·l:llorl:ll·c.ra.z·~l:ll·~·~qc:.·~~·qt~·l:ll;"·s~·cz·~~~
Bad masters always dictate and scold their servants.
"~arcr"~O!·~c:.·l very poor/impoverished ~·ll·~·fl·~·~a.z·flq· ~sa.z·cr~sa.z·~c:.·~l:ll·~~~
Africa is an impoverished country. 155
~~or~9·~f[~·{~~1 to equalize the rich and the poor ?S"~·~· !a.r·?f~·~·~t~·~-.r~~"'~"SZil'~rZ3\(3.1.,.a.r~·ZI1~3.1·Zil~~·!~·~·~~l Muni Tsanpo, a king ol Tibet, distributed the wealth of his subjects three times equally for them. ~~o.r~9·Cl~'!S~l
the gap between the haves and the have-
nots !'Zill\'~c:.·il·(!!;c:.·~sa.r·~Zil·~~l\·~:r'rs~·.i~·Q=~~l There is a vast gap in India between the haves and the have-nots.
~~or?fr:::..~·"JI3'i!9
poverty striken/ poor and down trodden
il· (!!;c:_. ~Zll' ?;.~· ~_,. ~sa.r·~c:. _,.~3.1'RIZ!l'a.t'f4 ~·l"Zil_,. S~· ~·Zll'~S't).l Zll·Q=~~· ~~l How nice it would be if the rich families help the poor families.
~~9·z:.~·a::tc:r~r:::..·1
Lit.: to flatten with a stick/ Sense implied:
to suppress equally
......
..
~
"'~
.:'>
..
!'3.1~'~3.1ZI1'3.1.,."1~·3.1·m~·~~Zil·Cl·"'~t::~'5&:.'Zil'
3.1~1\'Zill'~·~;=-·~·~~l All Tibetans have equally been suppressed
by the Chinese army.
~s~·J~·~~9~·~r:::..·1 making division by means of divisive talk
-
~tll.,·Q=3.1&~·Q=~~·~·t).lc:_'~S~'fl\'~~tll.,.~c:.·~·~~=-·~·~c:.·~·3.1·
.... 3.l&~'Cl'~tll.,.~~·t).l~l
If over-powered by divisive talk there is a danger of even close friends becoming unfriendly. ~I:JZ:3ra,·~~9·a,
something that is not dear/ to whisper
rtll.,·~~·~rtll.,.Cla·~~.,·~·~.,~·r.ra.r·~~tll·~·~stll·~·Zil~=-·~·t).!Zil'r;.il· ~~Zil
It is not good to whisper while the meeting is being
held.
156
~Q~'Q't::l!'Sfl:31
hundreds of attempts/ tremendous effort
il·
~GI·~~·q:'!;·~·~CI~'r.T'CI!'~.!ll·~·lf~Gt'~~· ~C:.·~~·r.~·~:~'f~~G!J We should make this precious human life meaningful through tremendous effort. ~t::l~'~t::l~·sr_·~r_·l
to make effort with difficulty 1'4'3J''l3J'~c:.·
~SJGI'!':I\c:.·~·~·'U~·~~·~·~~:~~·~~:~~·~c:.·~c:.·s~·z·~~~ parents make every effort for their children.
The
poor
~t::l~·it~·~~·~t::ll effortlessly and spontaneously -.rc:.-.r·!-.r·z· 3JI(~·q·~~~·a.~-.r·~3JGI'~CI~·ij~·~~·~CI'.t:1'~Zll·~~~ All the activities of a Buddha are effortless and spontaneous.
~-.;""
.......
~CI·~s-.r·o.~Zll'"~ o.TC:.'.!ll':l\~1
If studied with unfailing effort, there
will be good results. ~Q~·~·~~J\'~l
protruding' bumpy/ uneven -.r·~·~CI:I\'~'~S:I\'
~·~c:.·~·f3C:.'r.!'!Zll'~'a.tGI'~·q:'3J·~~~ house on a bumpy land.
It is not easy to construct a
~QOJ'Iif'~QOJ'Ii!l soft and spongy Zll~~·~c:Ja.t'cil·~15"a.t·cit·~c:.·~·!!l~~· (S.!ll'~'CI'al~l mattresses.
It is easier to sleep on soft and spongy
~~·ti~·~r_·s~l
Lit.: big worms eating small ones/ Sense
implied: exploitation/imperialism ~I(SJ·~c:.·~c:.·!a.t'f3CI'!;·~:~·SJc:.· ClGI'!a.!'f3CI'~c:-·CI·~SJ-.r·a.~·~s·!;Gt·~c:.·aGt·S~·e·af~·r.~·~~~ Many big nations of the world exploit the smaller ones, just as big worms eating the smaller ones.
157
~~·~i;f~·t:l~·~·~·~s-':c:q Lit.: brandishing an axe to kill an
insect/ Sense implied: unnecessary torture .., .... ....
~3.1·~c:.·o.r~::~sc::c.r
~
"''t:l.S'l:ll(l.li'r:!~·~·~·t:l.5~;c.r~c::~;1
Beating the poor and down trodden is to brandish an axe to kill an insect.
~~·~i;f~·t:l~·~·~·~s~·~·~af~l There is no need to brandish an axe in order to kill an insect. ~~~·il~·~~~·~~~l to shoot arrows without a target ;ilZl](l.l' ~~·iJ ;·r:~~ ·~(I.I''Tl'Si'r:!'~'t:l.Cl~·iJ ;·r:~~ '3.1 it:l. 't:l.(4~·r:~·;c:. ·~~Zll·r:~·~ il The work without aim is same as shooting without a target.
~~~J'~~OJ·~~·~~ in abundance S'c!l·;~·r:~·~·3.1·~·~·~·~·'G·t:l.C!~· t:l.Cl~·~9'~Zl]·a!\r:~·~i1 September.
Apples are abundant in Manali in
~23~·-trz::l' ~·Ql boastful s·~~·~(l.l·~c:.·r:~~·l'c:.·r:~·~·~t:l.?S"~·~~::~·ffi·~·sZl]· t:l.~Zl] The businessman coming from abroad countries are very boastful.
-
...
"' Zl]~~·~·.a·~::~·~c:.·Zl]·~;l
This year it rained heavily therefore there will be a rich harvest.
~~~·~·~~·r.y·~·o.r~~.'z::ll ripe fruit falling on the ground t:l.9(1.1' s·~~'r;j'(I.I'~'~C:.'I::I'~3.1(1.1'S~(I.I'.i'~'~i1 The ripe fruit fallen on the ground will be eaten by birds.
158
~~·~~·~~a.y·~~1 to stick to the points of resolution/ without violating the words (agreement) Zf)~~:~·QJt~~'g~·~J3tii'Zf]~C..' ~J3tii'Q.ij'~~·Q.Zf)OoJ'il~·I::J~c..·~~t111 Government officials need to observe the rules of the goverment strictly.
~~·~~·~~·~·~~~·t::l~t~rz:.t1 to build a dam out of grain husks ~·ar
?raYra
ar:t.·'f~·~·~I::J·~~·~·Zfl~.,·f(c...,·~·Q.ij''ij~·~.,.~.:I\Zfltii'I::J!I::J'
-
z:.r~r:.·I::J~~·~Zf)tii'C1-!~l "' In 1959, the political condition of Tibet was like that of a dam built with grain husk.
~~~·~af~a.t·~~~
Lit.: a dragon's head with the tail of a
~
snake/ Sense implied: great beginning and poor end Cf~· l:l~'QJtii'"1'J3r:.·.i·I::J·Q.§"l'~~~QJ·~~"l·1r~·~l"r:.·~·Q.~"l I see most of the Tibetan works grearin the beginning and poor at the end.
~St:.'t::l~~·t.~~·~·ct;~·f.·~~·~~·'f~ Lit.: not only did he kill a wild deer but he made a flag with its taiV Sense implied: to be extremely disrespectful [!t~~·~·~·I::J~tll'l:ltll'~·a;~·~·~r:.·~~· ~·Q.~"l Q.~'~'Q.SC..'I::Jtll~'l:l'~·.a~·e_·~~·~:t.·f"l'I::J~'!ltll'l:l':t.r:.·~~~ Not only did he boast of it which is just like not only killing a wild deer but making a flag out of its tail.
~a.t'Q'~·~~·~~t:,·~~·~·t::l1 ~~·~t::lt:.'~·~~·a.y·~·~~~1
Lit.: The frog's croak from the bottom of an ocean is not heard by the king of gods/ Sense implied: An officer in the high post cannot understand the problems of down trodden
159
~z::t·aj'~·~
Lit.: rolling laugh! Sense implied: to roar
with laughter e.~·"at~·~·~~:~·("'~C1f·~OJ·~"·if~~·i.lr::.·1 The chief of the bandits roared with laughter.
~a.r·cni2c:.·~~·fc:.·if~c:.~·$~·i;~1 Lit.: compared to frogs a tadpole is a Buddha! Sense implied: comparatively he is as innocent as a Buddha.
~~·~z::t·~~·CJ1 packed/ no room r::.·~·Q.E:~·':J·~~·~~:~·~~·?.f~·s~· Our class is fully packed.
Q.~~
~~·z:r~~·~·l·wc:.·a.r~·CJ~·~~ Although the bellows roar loudly, they are under the control of the hand. st:.'c:t(~·~~c:.·s~1 thorough training ffr::.·~tq·".q;~·~·~tq'"Cl'ili'st::.' ~:~g~·~~r::.·s~·~·~~r::.·~:~·~"l He did thorough study of the religious texts from the monastery.
r~·~~~·~~·~~;J1
the three: the preparation, the actual
session and the conclusion t::.tq'~3.1tq'CI~"·~'f~·"~"'·i:tq·~~3.1· ft::~'fr::.·gtq·~·~~l I studied the preparation, actual session and conclusion of the generation of boddhicitta.
r~·.?!~·~·~~·~c:.·tj~'(l,f'Q.~ If one knows pharmocology even poisons can be used as medicine.
s(l,f';J~~·sa.r·z::t~~ ~
Lit.: the coiled up snake unwinds itself/
~
160
Sense implied: The dispute must be settled within the parties. s(ll"c:!ag-'..~·w~·Ql~ Lit.: If you squeeze a snake you will see ~ its hand/ Sense implied: If you interogate a person you will see his true nature.
161
3-rr:J~(lrz:,c:.·a~c:.~l z:,c:.·~·Ql~·c.y1 voluntary/ taken up without
being asked for s::.·~r;y·it3J •·I''I'~ 3J ~·~~'3J'r;T~~·;::.· ap=.~·sz~rr;j1~~· ~~·s;·CI·%:;1 Boddhisattvas work for others' benefit without being asked for.
~·Q~(lJ'J\C:.'~~l
self-motivated/ without being asked but
with interest fr;y·~z:!l'Uill]'~l'~·3J·r;y~~·~::.·i!~·sz~rfr;y'f::.·l!J~::.·~·
%:;1 Good students do their study without having to be exhorted. ~·af~·l"~·ilz:,·c.q to everyone's knowledge/ There is no room for complaining, "I haven't heard"
;a,·"l~·,i~·i!~·ll]~~·
r;T~z:!l~·3J·~3J·'f~·ii;·'~·ll]~t:.·i!::.·1 The Headmaster made the announcement to everyone's knowledge.
~·~~·r:1~~·c.y·9~z~r~~~l
unanimous I coscensus without
havingdiscussion ~;·f.l.E:~·ll]~~·"'·~·~·~~·il·~::.·3J~·3J·~~·z::l.lii3J' ~
0\..,
....
'1'"1;sli]'3J~~·~·~·~~·;ll]r.l.'t;~~·~~·CI·~;l
The new president was unanimously welcomed by all the citizens without discussion.
~·',9t:l.'~'t:l.E:~l bearing a grudge 1'4~·~~·3J'il!Jr.l.'~·f.l.E:~·s;·"'·~ll]· r;!f!(lr~·~·%:;1 To bear a grudge against one another is a cause of suffering.
162
33'1)~~·~·~ifOJt treating someone like god though you don't
like him
~r::.·s~·~~·~~"'·~·~t::~"~·~·~~·t::~~~·r::.~r~rt-~·t:l.t::~r::."'·ll·
il~·~~"'.~"'·~·~~t:l.·~·$~·s~·z:~·~~l During feudalism the bad feudal lords were treated like gods by their subjects although they did not like them.
33·~~~~33·~~~1
lacking somewhere/ short coming!
opposite of quite O.K. ~"~'"1't:l.~·&l·ti~·~fr::.·~·t:l.~~"'·~·~"'·z:~· ~r::.·~r::.·Jl·t:l.~~
He is quite O.K for this work.
33'~~~~·~~ no choice but to go ~·a:fr::.·~~·~·f4·~·~~·~·~·t:l.~~r::.· t:l.~&l~l This year I have no choice but to go to Tibet to see my parents.
One has to be satisfied with a monthly salary of one thousand rupees.
33''=1~~~·~~·~'=~1
spontaneously accomplished without
prearrangement i~"'·~r::. ·~ a!i~·~·t::~.ar::.·crt:l.~· ~ ~ "~·~·CJ ~~"'·~~·~t::~·
..,..
~Z:.'"'Z:.'l
All these good signs arose spontaneously without prearrangement.
..,..
~·~·~r::.·~·~z:.·a:,~"''"'Z:.'l
She faced many probems which made her breakdown and weep helplessly.
163
&l'~l"~·~l"~·&l~9
claiming capable of doing something
although not/false claim 31·~E'~·~E'~·31~lll·lll~~·~·u..r~r~3-.ri;~1 It is not good to make a false claim as if one can do it.
&l'~i~·~c:.:~oC:.(Ifl not to forget but to keep in the heart/to keep in mind ~E:~·~~·~~·Ool·.c:r~.c:rt~~·'-1·~31t~~'31'.c:Jt~·~~·.c:ro~t~~·ll1~~·
-
~lllt111
One should keep in mind what is taught in the class.
&l'"J~·~c:.·"J~l no choice but to listen 31·~~~·~·u..r~·~CJ'~·~·.c:r"l~·0o1· 31·~~·J\~·~~·i;~1 One has to listen to the leader's order even if
one does not want to.
&t'~~·~·9w9~1 to blame J\~·~·~:t:.·~~Cl1·lll~~·Ool·31·~t~~·f3·lllaflllt~~'S~·~: ~lll·c.ri~·tf%;~1 It is a big negavity to blame others for one's own mistake.
&!'9~~·~c:.·9~~~
no choice but to demolish 31·~·~~·~·e~"l~·
Ooi'CJ~~·~t~~·<Jrfl~·31~·cr31·lll~J\·:t:.~·lll~:t:. ·a;lllt~~·c.r%;~1 They had to demolish many temples at the order of Mr. Mao.
what is not understood and wrong conception 31'~lllt~~'a:flll·~lll·lll"t~·"'·a.~·~~·"'·~~·e~if31·~~t~~·'-l·&l~1 To dispel wrong understanding and to understand that which is not understood, one needs to meditate on emptiness. &!'~9·t~·~e.&t~l
wrong usages that have been coming
through the ages ~illllt~~'CJt~~Ool'~~~·31·s~·~·31·~lll·~~·~E31t~~'Ool'
164
~~·~i'ar§~'!'F3Zil'Qo~~~ It is difficult to correct the wrong usages that "'ftave been coming through the ages unless special attention is given to them.
33'1:3~~·1:3~~·1:3~~·l false claim of ownership !'Rat·Cf~·~·st·~~~· ~~~·~~r:,·sa~·c.r~~~ China seized Tibet and made false claim of
her ownership.
33'~~·~~·03·~·~"lJ\'~"lJ\'~~l Lit.: A black mother giving birth to a white son/ Sense implied: A non-virtuous mother gives birth to a virtuous son.
33'~~·~~~~~~·s~·~l actually/ in reality st·~~·~~a~·~~a~·s~·~· r:,·9r~·s~l~~~
Actually, I was supposed to become a monk.
33'03~'J\~'03~'l no choice but to wake up a~r:,·~~·r:,·!·Q-st·o.:r:,·~r:,·
o.:r:,·&~l Tomorrow I have to wake up early in the morning.
33'~'t:J~~·t:J~~·l Lit.: as often as Mani ( a mantra) is recited/
Sense implied: continuously, many and repetitions o.:~a~·za~·r:,·~o.:·~"l~·~5'~·st·~·~~r:,·~CJ:F~~r:,·~r:,·t scolded us continuously like reciting mam.
41~·
Our teacher
~·~·J\~·9~·~·~~~·~·~~'t:J'~(i~'C3'f~l If one doesn't recite mani mantra, pass the rosary to others. 33·Q'~·33~~·Cft uninvited guest ~·~r:,·r:,·e~·~r:,·~·st·Cfa~·Qa·stf~·Q
&~1 Today I am your uninvited guest. 165
~rs~·3.3~·r5~·~)3.lll ~·~·"~CJ·~?l·~~c:.·~ Lit.: The cook is in the ocean of liquified butter, but if he dies, he will like an anchor, go to the depths of hell) Sense implied: A monastic cook who steals will go to hell after his death. 3-l's~r~c:.·s~rt 3-l's~·,·iJ"l had no choice but to do it ~·aft:.•
~~·~l:ll&l'l:ll~~·~~·l:l:ll&~'l:ll't-a:rg&~·"l·~~·~l:ll·~t:.·t I had to be the president of the Tibetan Youth Congress this year.
3.l'S"'3.l'z::!~l Lit.: to advise not to do and not to look/ Sense
implied: restriction ~c:.·&~t:.·rn.rl:&~·31·s~·31·::~c~fl:ll';t~·::~+l~·:lt:.'~·~· l:&~·~~·~·il·12.~l:ll These days children do not listen to their parents inspite of their parents giving them advice.
3-l'~t:.·"~·~c:.·l to experience all kinds of troubles ~·ill'i·~l:ll·~· ~~·il·l:&~'31'~t:.·~~·~t:.·~t:.&l'~~1 Tibetans have suffered all kinds of troubles under the Chinese regime.
3-l'~t:.·~c:.·~c:.·l no choice but to bear it f::~'ft:.'~l:ll·tf31·l:ll~t:.·~· ~"112.'t:.ar~·31·~t:.·~t:.·~t:.·~t:_·i;~1 If you do not study properly, there is no choice but to bear the problems.
3.l·g?l·~~~·~3.ll capital loan (help) s~·~t:.·l:t:.·::~~~·~·31·~l'i·~l:ll&l' ~31·~~a:·(Qt:.'~&I·Ql~·~l:ll·~ri:~l If you do business, you can take a capital loan from the bank. 3-l'.:il'~c:.·.al
to be compelled to eat or taking a bribe/ he had
to eat since he was hungry ~~·Ffl:ll'fl:ll41'~&1'(Q'a:l:ll·l:llt:.'I2.S'~t:.·
166
wr::3.r.a·:a:.~·.a·~~~ When hungry one has to eat whatever kind
of food may be available.
~·~~l'f·f~·~a~l'fl to foresee the future/ to see beforehand v~a.r"l·~~·~~~·~:a:.·s~·jJ.J·i{~~·f~·~!~~·~·"l,~"f"l"QJ"~·t-~~·iJ.J~·~
,~·s~·~·f~-J~·s~·~~~~ All of us should study with interest His Holiness the Dalai Lama's speeches foretelling the future. ~·~~l'f·~~·z:::t~~l
.future
prediction ~~·t:~·l~·~~~·~~·~~3.r~~·
~~~·~·iJ.J·i{~~·~~·~~~·OJ·~~·~~·s~·t:~·~~~ Buddhists believe the future prediction of Lord Buddha.
~·w~·w~·~~~
~·w~·w~· ~o.ll to pretend to be what you
are not ~?J~·criJ.J·w~·w~·iJ.J~~·s~·~·~~·~~~·'?·9"~·~~1 One day it will be known if one pretends to be an officer though one is not. ~~·t:~·iJ.J·w~·w~·~OJ·s~·~~·r.J~·l"~~·~~·~~·l What is the use of pretending to be a Tibetan when one is not. ~·~z:::t~"il""90Jl
extremely immodest iJ.J"ll\~~·ll·"lOJ"~·OJ~·"l·OJ·~iJ.J·
w~·i!iJ.J~·~~~·tl:a:.·iJ·~~·l One should extremely immodest work.
~·~z:::tl'f"ilt:ll'f"~~
never encourage
to be immodest and evil ~·iJ~·~~~·t:~·~~:a:.·
~~·iJ.J·:a:.~~·il~~·!.tll"~·OJ~·"l·~·~~·s~·~~l The Chinese indulged in the immodest and evil destruction of monasteries.
~·~z:::t.ll.r~.aft:t~~l indecent and to deceive s~·:a:,~"iJ.J"ll\~~·iJ.J9" ~~:1\""l"~.tlj·~·~~OJ"OJ"~~~·~·w·:a:.~~·"'.tll~·il~~·il~J
167
You cannot
become decent if you are always surrounded by indecent and deceitful people.
3.3·~~('.1·~9·~:~-o~(',f~ ulterior motive ~·~r::_~·f6'~·'3~r::_~·~·'f~·~~·a.!~·
"l·s~·~·~~·~~r::_·~·~·~~~ One cannot be happy if one works with an ulterior motive.
3.l"Cll~"3.l·~~~·t:J~ no guilt/no regret! no repentance ~~·'3~~·~~· ~~·~·'f~·~~·Co~~·"l·s~·~·~·Co~~·~·l:l~\~r~r::_·~·~~~ sincerely, you will have nothing to repent.
If you work
3.3"~('.1·~~·~~~~ gathered everything without missing ~~·1~·
~·~~·~~·l:l~~·§r::_·C3a·~~~~·r::_~·~·a~·~·C3~~l~·&l~l To cultivate one's teacher is an instruction for gathering knowledge without missing any. 3.3·~~·~~·a!;~·~ alV complete/ without any missing (6'r::_·~·~~·~· ~~·~~·~r::_·r::_~·sJ\·jf~·s~·~r&l~l I returned all his books without missing any. 3.3·~~·i;~(',f·t:J~ ignorance ~·~~·~r::_~·l:l·a.!·C3~~·~~·r::_·;l-l:lf6'2\·'32\"l:l(6'2\·
e3·~~~ We are in this cycle of existence due to ignorance.
3.3·~~·~~·3.3~9 pretending to know what one does not ~~·i ~·~.,·~~·~~~·s~·~·~"ll:l"!:_(lJ"I:lSJ~·~r::_·l You might face difficulties if you pretend to know English (when you do not).
16S
~~:~c::~~·i·~·~~~~~·~c:.·~~~~~·i;~l These days Tibetans have
no choice but to learn English. ~·~~t::.·sr:.·~ry~l an open and honest statement ~c:.·~c:.·Fl·
..,.,
%1l~c:.·sc:.·%11;~·~+1~·~·~c:.·%11=~·%11=':r%11~C:.·~%11~1
These days one should be careful even though one speaks openly and honestly. ~·1:!~~-~~-l:l~~l -
to think about everything! over-thinking ~
..,.,.,
0\.-...
..,.,.,
~·~~33·~~·~~~·;,~·~·ti·~o:'l)~·Fl·~~~
If you think of everything,
there is a danger of becoming mad.
~z:tr~-~~-~ murmer ~e:~·~q·~c:.·aJ·~%11·~·~%11·~·~·~+1~1 Do not murmer in the class. ~t::.·~t::.·'i~~·CJ1 -
a moderate number
:?lc:.·~c:.·~~aJ'flC:.'aJ'~c:.·~~aJ·
~c:.·~c:.·f~~·?f~%11·aJ~·il·~~%11 These days even the bank has only moderate amount of cash.
~t::.·2~·l"~1 exceedingly many/ a good number of c:.~·~%1l~·?f 'l)~·~c:.·~q·~~·~·~~aJ'flC:.'aJ'~~aJ·~c:.·ll%11'l"~·~~%1l·iif~l I have kept a large amount of money in the bank for my simple friend.
~t::.·~·~t::.·~l more and more ~s~·Fl·~·~~·~·aJ·aJ·s·~aJ·~ .. ~c:.·~·~c:.·~· ~~~·~~%11 More and more westerners come to Dharamsala during the summer.
~~·~·~~-~~·~·t:J~~1 minority cannot challenge the majority
169
JJc:.·t·~c:.·~(\l·ll·~;~~~·c:~~·~~·~;~~~·., 33 ·~c:.·~(\l·f~;~(ll·~~·m~(\l·fl·~· 33 ·~~l The weak cannot challenge the strong just as the minority cannot challenge the majority.
3J~·~~·~~·f~l Lit.: deducting from the larger and adding it to the lesser/ Sense implied: to balance ~c:~ar~s~·JJc:.·~;~·~(\1· ~~·~;~·~c:.·~c:.·~;~·aJ·1~·~·ffic:.·JJ·~c:~aJ·~s~·~~~·{JJ(II'~~c:.·~·~~l There will be a balance in the economy if one deducts from the rich and adds to the poor.
<::::i:I~·~~3Jl'f'l::!~
elected by the majority I;I'Jl'~(II'Cl.l~(ll·c:.·~·
;{~(11·~1~·JJc:.·ir(II·~~JJ(II'~;t~~c:.·irc:.·l Mr. Tashi was elected as our president by the majonty.
&l~·~~'f3'$~'&l'S~·~~·OJ·~~1 Don't take quintessential instruction as an adornment but ponder upon its meaning.
&l~·~~OJ·~~·~·l::!~~·CJ1 Lit.: pulling a hair from butter/ to be singled out ~c:.·~(ll·f~;~'j'c:.·~~·~JJ·~~c:.·~·.!~·~cil~(ll·~(ll'~·;{~(\1· ~c:.·~·JJ~·~za.r~(ll·!·~;~ff~·c:~·~c:.·~;~~~·cil~(ll·z·~~llf you do not study well when you are young, you will feel singled out later in the society.
&3~'~'13!'.:1~1 9'4t~·f=~1 Lit.: a lamp with exhausted bulter/a bird with wornout feathers/ Sense implied: a sign of old age/a sign of ending. &3~'~&3·~·~ just a little away from here ~~·~~·JJ~'ifJJ·~·~·2J~·c:~~·
170
.a·fr:_·af~·~~~ There is a Tibetan hotel just a little down from here.
~·"1~·~·~~
Lit.: a white man with a black hat! Sense
implied: to accuse an innocent ~·~''r-.·Q-a.r·~·if~~:~rQ-~al~·~· f'S~~·~rr~~·S~·ci:t~·z;r~r:_·~~~·c.r~~~ Accusing the innocent is like inviting a case against oneself/getting involved in legal case.
~·""l~·ar~·~~·"~·~·""l~"CJ"~CJ·~~
Lit.: A black hat for a white man and a black rein for a white horse/ Sense implied: to blame an innocent
~·o~·~·o~·l a man and a horse ~·~r:_·r:_·~·9fr:_·~it~;~·a.r·rf~·~~·~· .._
il
.,..
~r:_·;·~r:_·~Zil·~;~a:t~;~{t.r~r:_·l
Today a man and a horse came to our
village from Tibet.
-
~~~:_·~~~~ Whatever work we do we should see that no bad reputation comes to us.
~·Ff&J·~·f9~l no time to do ~c::.·~~·r:_·rr~·~·~~~~·FfS~·c.r31·~~~ I have no time to go to Tibet tomorrow.
~·.aftJ·o~·CJ·~~·~%~ ~·~~CJ·o~·CJ·~9·~~9
A word for a man of understanding and a whip for a horse that gallops well.
171
II)~~·Cfr::ti'=~r::t·~·~r:_·~II)'!II)'Cf~r:_·~·~ll)l You will be happy if you can make other people happy.
~·~~~~~~~~1 to depute people with purpose Ci'II)·~·II)Eh.t(ll)· Fr:_·~•rea:-t~·ifll)·~·~ll)·&l~·r::~~~r:_·~er~ssr:_er~~·~:,~:.:.·r:_·~ll)·il·~~ ill)·~~:.:.·r::~;r:_·~~r:_·ii"r:_·l I was sent on deputation by the LTWA to attend the International Seminar on Tibetan Language.
~·a,~~aJ·~~·s·a,~·~~·1 When people get older they remember their native country and when birds get older they remember their nest (wood)/ Sense implied: feeling homesick ~·z:::!~J'F'~%~
Lit.: a hundred people with one voice/ Sense
implied: unanimous ll)~·ifa:-a,'a:-~lll·il·r::~e·F~~~·~·~s·ll)aj'lll·I:J· &l~l When fighting against an enemy, unanimity is required.
~·z:::!~fit33~·~%~ Lit.: a hundred people with one mind/
Sense implied: unity ~ararr::t~'ill)'~ll)·~lll·~a.t·il·a!;r:_·,ril·r::~e· itlt!ll'~~.llf,-S'~Ii)l When the country is peaceful and happy all the countrymen live like a hundred people with one mind.
~·~~'F'33~~1 collaboration among evils/accomplice il·r:_~·F· ~~~~·~·~r:_·cra.t·r::~~·!ll)'il·~r:_·l There won't be peace and happiness in a country if evils collaborate with each other.
~·~~·z:::~~~·{~1 relying on an evil person/ to be under the
influence of an evil person il·r:_~·r::t~~·~·jll)·r:_~·~lll'~r:_·l If you rely on an evil person you will know indecent things.
172
Lit.: one man and one hand/ Sense implied: single handed r:.·il·~~~·QJ~·~~~·~~·QJ~·"l·~::.·t.'l::.·s~·
~C3·~·3r~~l I cannot do anything single handedly. ~·Jl·~~'CJllesser and poor human resource r:.·~·@&r~r:.·QJ·~·a:F il·a;·~~·?firr:.·~r:.·~r:.·QJ~·s~lfl~·?f-~~1 It is difficult for us to do fanning this year as we have very few persons in our family..
~'"J&l~·afc:.·~~OJl "J&!~·z:.rif2:: ~~1 to preserve, promote and restore l"''5~·~·~~·~~·~·~~·~~r:.·~t:J'r.l.~·~Tfl::.·~·~il~~·~QJ·~·Z5\ ~·~~·-9~~·il·~~~·~r:.·f.l.~QJ·~r:.·~~~·&:~·if'~·~~1
~·t:J~~·~~·~~~·
~~~·&:~·Q'~·~~·~·t:J~~·~·t:Jo~·w~·&:~·~~1 The aims and objectives of Amnye Mach~n Institute are to preserve, promote and restore Tibetan literature and to translate new literature into Tibetan.
~'"J&l ~· ~~·~E: ~ 1 preservation ~~~'Cl'fl~·~·~2::. 't:J't:Jt~·Cl~'3~· a:)~·il·~JJ~·~~·r.l.E:~·~~r:.·~·c~\~~1 The traditional practices are very well preserved in the monasteries.
0\
...,..,~
}?~
~~·~~~·sr:.·t:J·a..r~~=-·~·~t:J·~~·~~(I.!'Cl''-N~l
Government support is needed for the long tenn preservation of Tibetan Culture.
~·~·~·~c:.·l
neither too close nor too far ~r:.·&:~~'~a.!·?f~r:.·il·~·il·
~r:.·t:J·~~=-·~a.r·~l
It is important neither to be too close nor remain too far from a king of the country.
173
~·9~tt.rc:t~·~~·~·a;9
Lit.: an earthen pot broken between two people/ Sense implied: too many cooks spoil the broth.
~·l:l~~·~:zl·c:l~~~ to praise too much ~·~r~t:::~~:.·~·il·~(~·~~· ~f~·s~·~·iJ~l One should not praise children too much.
~·lf9·~~·~·lf9 from generation to generation ~·.131~·.131~~:.-~'-1·
il·I".131· ~~ril·l'.131·t:!~ ·?S"~·t.t·~·~.l31~·t.t·s~·~~-~·51·~~~ The government of India cannot help the Tibetans from generations to generations. ~·~~~·~c:_·q£lc:J1 disharmony/ fight among themselves ~~~ f3~·G!~-~~·5l·51~~·~~:.·1:le~·~~:,·~·~51.131".;~·~~:.·~~·~~·f3·~~~ If there is a fight between the countries, there is a danger of war of breaking out.
~·l:l~~·c:~~~· ~0J1 to tell something that is not true as if it is true ~·5l'-~·51·1:;!~~-~~~-~~-~-11~·~·1:le:5l·rot::.·51~~~~-i~~-~·51·~~~ China cannot deceive the world by stating or declaring false statements as if they were true.
~·s9·~as·~~~ the noble class 5l·s.l31·'::1~·~51·~·~5l·~t::.·5lt::.·.;·~·~.l31·ij= ~~~ Most of the noble class families are rich.
~-s~·~~J"S~l to think wildly/ to think too much 5!·~·~~:.-~t::.· ~~~-~-~~·~·il·s~-~~-s~·~·~·s~·~-~~-~~1 What is there to think too much about for this short life ?
174
~·~:;~~~·~~~·~~
to lie/ false ll·~~~·~~~·i~·~·~;~·~+l~'clrr:.·~&~·
ttl~·.i.,·s~·~·~·i;~l We will not trust a false statement.
~·~r:::J\c:.·~~l to beat others and cry oneseH ll·s~·~r:.·~~rll·sr:.· ~~;,r:.·~&~·s~·~·i;~l Silly people beat others and cry themselves.
~·~~·it~·a.y·~~·~r::·~~J\·it~·a.y·~J\l to blame an innocent person and to say a stone has an edge when it does notj Sense implied: false accusation ~·~~:;~·~~·~~~l
to flourish for a long time without
degeration &IE::.&I'!&I'~·~~~·~:~·il·~~·~~·~~&l·~r:.·~·aJ·~~·Q.~~·~· ~aJ·~~&I·~aJ·~~~·~~r:.·~~&t·~:~·ttl~l The monk community should observe their discipline very strictly so that Buddha's teaching may flourish for a long time without degeneration.
~'t:4J\'l:;l~~·~r::·~J\·aJ~l
to take thousands in addition to
e.~·~:~&~·il·r.~~~;,·~&~~·~:~&~·~·ffi~·fr:.·~~~;,·a:)~·~:~·i;~l The bandits not only killed the person but also claimed thousands in addition.
killing a person
.
..,
........
If one listens to evil persons one will ruin oneself and others. ~r:.·~~;,r:.·~~~&l·~r:.·~·~~;,~l
~·~:;~~:;~·l~·g~1 to take advantage of/ to ignore ~r:.·~:~~·~Cf~·Cf&~· ll·~~·l~·i&~·s~·~·~aJ·ll·l&~·~a;-aJ·s~·z·i:~l If the leader of a country takes advantage of a subject the people will revolt against him.
175
~·~~·6~·f~·l exiled s·ar
?laY"Ia
a!J\·'f~·~'{~·s~r&Jz::Cfil·s~·s&~·
f~·,:s~t~.r~r~~~ Thousands of Tibetans were exiled in 1959.
~·~?t~::i·~~·l size of population il·~'f'J\·~·~~·(IJ!;~·&~~·~~·OJ·i!·~·
l~~·~~·~,.~~~
In all the different sizes of population we find various types of people.
~·s~·,r~~~ to have no choice but to do OJ'-~'"l'~~·ff~·~"'·il·s~· "l'il~·~~~ He has to do this work.
~·s~·~~·s~l to do all sorts of things (negative) ~·il~·~·~&~~· il·l"l·i!·§~·~·zrs~·15~·&~·§~·z:J:~~~ Chiness Indian soldiers do all sorts of things.
~·~~·~·~~·~·~·qp.~~l ~-~~'("JJ!ll'~~·~·!llitl;..'W~J The mouths of people are poison but their hands are gold. ~·;J~·~·;J~'l the more people, the more criticisms ,:sr::r~~·~· ~ij'~·crl"l·ii·&~~·~·~·&~~·OJ·~s~·z:J·§~·z:J·~~~ The political leaders are patient with public criticism.
~·;J~·~~·l!ll~1 public gathering i!·&~~·~~·l~~·~·~s'-~· 1~i'l~"'· ~1'-l·~~~·~.t:1~''11~~·i!~·1 The president addressed the public gathering.
~·i!~·~~·~~·l a deserted place il·i!~·~~'{~·&l~·~·&~/5&~"1'~~~·'-~· Ul'!1'cr~·s'l1·~~·~~1 A deserted place is very good for retreat.
176
~(f.1·if~·a:.c:.:~~1 to feel happy and inspirational to others jf~::r fr=.·~"l·rrs~·~·1l~·if~·:.:.r=.·~~·c)fr=.·~·~~1 If you study hard, you will be happy and inspire others to be like you.
~:~·fc:.·.a~1 to waste one's life ~r=.·~~·~~·~:.:.·~r=.·~"l'Q'"lr=.·~r=.·anr 1;1!fl;l~·~·1l·~·{r=.·a~·~·~~~;~~·~~·(Q·c)f~·~~~ If one does not either amass wealth or study from young age there is a danger of wasting one's life.
~:~.~~·~~1 to have a purposeful life/ meaningful life r=.~· I;I~Cf.J·~a.!·~r=.·~;~~~·s~·~·l'~·~r=.·Cf.J·~Sl~·~·1l·~·~~·~r=.·~~·Q·f3"l'rr~~~~n my opinion, it is difficult to have a meaningful life if one does not encounter Dharma.
~·l'llJ(f.1't:Jp;e.~·l;·~c:.·1
name lasts longer than one's life "l1Cf.J'
r:_~·a.!·~lef.J~·~~~·Q·~~~ 1l·~·a.!~'"l1Cf.J'~·~r:_·~;~·~r=.·1 One should care for one's reputation as name lasts longer than one's life.
~·l9(f.1'&~c::~c:.·1 the size of a population il·l"l~'Cf.Jr:_·~r:_·Co~·~Q"l' Q~'~"l~·~Cf.J·s~·~·~~~ We will help according to the size of the population.
~·q(eJ(f.1'~~·q(eJ(f.11 to have gathered everything a·(Qr=.·r..~·~~· ~r:_·a.!·~~a.!'Q'il·~(Cf.J~·~~·~(Cf.J~·s~·~·~~~ All sorts of travellers gather in that hotel.
~·~(f.1·~·q~e.~·~1 unsuitable/ unfit! not deserving! unqualified ~·~·a.!·i.l·~~·i.l·Cf.Jffiif.J'Q~'a.!~'"l'~'S"l'Cf.J'~a.!l Do not make children do things which are unfit for them.
177
ll·~z:tt~·rs~·~E:~t racial or ethnic discrimination ~e.~·"~·!·~· ~~e.qs·r~t~·!·,-q~·"~t~·i~·~;~·q·~i!f"·Q·~"l The racial discrimination ot Germans invited the II World War.
ll·~c:.·.r;~·l'~l an inappropriate and shameless argument c:t~~·q·il"'Q'CJ'"'~r:.·~·~r:.·r;~t·f"'S"'~·~~·')~·!·~"l Who will listen to a shameless argument when there is no truth in it if~·~~l each and everyone/ individually l:.&r'rS"'~r:.·l~·~·~~·CJ" C3"1~'if'CJ"~·~q·~·&t·~"l I cannot speak to everyone of you.
ll·a.t~.r~~·a.t~t
to do all sorts of work/ to do too much
work ~r:.·~·~·~~f~·~~·~·lil·ll·l~·~·CJ~·"~·CJ~·s"·z·~"l The parents do all sorts of work for the benefit of their children.
ll·~·~33·{c:.·1
Lit.: death and extinction of a family/ Sense
implied: total extinction "·af[lfCJ·il·~·e~~·(r:.·sr:.·i.lr:.·t This year he had to face the extinction of his family tilrough death.
ll·~~·~~-33~~
pretend to know something although one
does not! il·~~·~~~r~~~~·~~~·~r:.·~~r:.·il·~r:.·l One should never pretend to know something when one does not.
ll·~~·~~'l:l'-9~1
speaking about everything ~"·~·i!·c:t+j"'"~·
c:t+j"'S"·~·~~~·!~·~"·i~·s"·~·~~·~"l
If you talk too much
people will not trust you. the power of man and the power of
178
wealth ~·il·~·fl·a.r·~c:.·~c:.·il·1.t!J~·~c:.·~·~.t!]~·.t!]~~·"l·ii;'~·Cl·i:~1 Today the United States has both 1\uman and material resources.
~·w·~~~·~3.31
to help with human resource ~c:.·~c:.·~·.!l·.t!J·~·
.t!]'OJ'~·~·~.ti]~·~JJ·a.r~·il·~·~.ti]~·~JJ·~1'~·Cl·iif~1 Today human resource help is more scarce everywhere than material help.
~·Jill-r~~rJ~~1 to know everything c:.~·~.t!J~·~~·~z::J·a.r.t!J~·~~· "]JJ'~·e~·f"::il·~~·~~·~~·a!;c:.·JJ·~~·~·~~tll My friend Dhondup knows everything about the computer.
~·~~·~r::.·{~1 to sit oneself at other's place tlj@l~·a.r·f~·z::Jr~·s~· ~~·il·~~ ·~c:.·f~·s~·~~·f~·l:Jr~·s~· ~l~·z::1r~· ~ JJ'~.t~J·iif'c:. ·z::1·~ ~1 u you think of yourself as the person you are criticising, then the criticism will be very honest and constructive.
~·~3.3~·~·9%9·if~·~~r::.·~r::.·~~1 People do not have the same mind, just as they do not have the same face.
~·z:::~~~·rs9·~~1 killing humans and causing bloodshed t~j'a!;~· ~·~.tl]·~c:.·iJ·z::J~~·f.ltll'f~ ·~·a.r~· "l·li·g ~· 51 tll'tll~\~ ~1 I am determined not to indulge in killing humans and causing bloodshed regardless of how desperate the situation may be.
~·z:::!~&l·~~·z:::~~&l1 to think of all sorts of things il·a.r·~"lr.:.·c:.a.r· ~s~·~~·il·z::J~~r~~·z::l~JJ·g~·~·i:~1 People think of all sorts of things when they face problems.
179
~~·$~·~~·~~·l near-sightedness s~·~~·"--·ll~·!~·~~·~~·~·~,~· ~"-!·ar~·~·~~·~"-!'&l~~·~.artlll You should wear glasses if you have a problem with near sightedness.
~.....
....,
......
••r~·s~·t~~~~·~~~
The leaders of nations are far-sighted people.
~~·tf~·~~·q~~l imitate bad examples ~'2J~'~&Itll'o~·~·~·l'~t~~·~· ll~·{'t~~·~~·~'2]~'&1~·Q-s~·~·~~~ In a competative society, many imitate bad examples.
~~·{~'WJ;..'q'll~l imitating good examples t~~~·~~tll·o~·~·~·l'~t~~· ~·il~·{'t~~·t~~~~·~'2l~·s~·~·~~1 In a civilized society, people imitate good examples.
~~·tf~·~&~·a.~~l to gradually adopt (someone's habit) ~·l~t~~· ~~·"'~·Jf~~·~~·t~~~~·~·ll~·{t~~'~&l·a.~~·~~·~·t~~~~·~:~·&~·~~~ It is not good to adopt gambling gradually in the society.
~~·&~2'~·~·2'~l Lit.: to see with the eyes and to hear with the ears/ Sense implied: real ~~tll.~"-1·~~·~~~·~·~~~ ~t~~·iJ~· ~tll'&~i'~·~~·l ~·~t~~·i't~~·s~·l This is true news. I have seen it with my own eyes and heard it with my own ears.
~~·&~2'~·~~~~·~1:Jl Lit.: very visible/ Sense implied: very obvious Ff~'&lfltii'C!'ci~·Q-~~·&l~·~·ll~·&~i'~·~~~t\1·~·~~·~·~~1 It is very visible/obvious that he is a great scholar.
180
~l:ll·~if~·CJl:ll·a~l Lit.: to see with the eye and to hold with the hand/ Sense implied: evident to a1V caught red
handed ~-ar~~aJ·F~:.·aJ·~~·5!·tTJ~~-~tlJ·5!l"c::aJz~ra~·sc::t::r~~l Two thieves were caught red-handed this year in a ~ank.
~%31·~s~·~"':~e.%31~l Lit.: to have your eyes used to and your ears familiar with/ Sense implied: to have learned a lesson thoroughly. tlJ~I:.·tl]~~t.·CJ·!~:.~·~~·~tTJ·5!·t:l.s~rc.r~~:.·~·t:;'l~t.' 5!'t:l.~tlJ~·CJa·~"1t:l.'I:.QJ'~·stl]·Of~·~~l It is very difficult to have one's eyes and ears accustomed to a new text when studying.
~%31·~~·%31w~·~l'~~l Lit.: to jump off the cliff with open eyes/ Sense implied: to make mistakes knowingly ~r::~· ~-~~tTJ~-~~-t:;'l~~·~·~~:.·t:l.~~:.·t:;'l·~·iltlJ·~~·tTJ~~:.·5!l'~:.·s~·,r~~:.·rs~·I:J~t.· il~l To drink chang even after knowing its effect is same as leaping off the cliff with open eyes.
~%31·~·CJ%31't::!S~l
Lit.: the eye pain is made by the hand/
Sense implied: oneself is responsible for the harm e~·~t.~:.· ~-~.,r.~.·~:.QJ·~·e~·~t.~:.·~~·t:;'l:a~·I:J·~~l
~a~~t.·~·iltTJ·~·t:;'!·QJ.I:IJ'I:J~·t:;'l:a~·I:J·
t:;'l~~l You are responsible,,for your problems just as your hand is responsible for causing eye-pain.
~%31·~~·~·~·~-~~·--9·~~·~-~~-~l Lit.: grit in the eye and a thorn in the flesh/ Sense implied: very troublesome and disliked
~:.·~-~~·~·tl]~'~tl]·5!·~tl]·CJ·r.~.~·~·r.~.[Q~t.·t:;"J·QJ~·il~t.'CJ'QJ'iltl]·
~~:_·~·'3]·5!·~~:,·'11·~~:_·~·~~t.·5!·~~:,·t:;'l~~·~~l Ignorance is just like a
181
grit in the eye and a thorn in the flesh, for us seeking liberation from this cyclic-existence.
~~·~c::.·~·lJ\'33~ Lit.: like a thorn in one's eye/ Sense implied: to dislike somebody !·~~·~~r=.·~·il.c~rOJ·tf~·~·~~~·~·~~·l~~· Q.~'~J\·~·~·s·.;,~~·~~l
The Tibetan Youth Congress has become like a thorn in the eye of Chinese Government.
~~·fi~·~~·i"~
Lit.: an eye lotion soothes the eye/ Sense
implied: to use property for what it is meant rs~·J\r=.·~·~OJ· Q.~z:!~·~·r=.r-~·fl~·t!~·fl~·l'~·z:~~·~~l I shall dedicate your donation towards that for which it is meant.
~~·(l!·~~·(l!~·~c::.·ifarif(l!~l Lit.: an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth/Sense implied: revenge. ~c::..·~~·33~C::.~'Q1
the work in accordance with one's title/ to
accord one's deed with one's name OJr.~·~;·~r=.·~r=.·~r=.·~;· t.~.~r=.·flr=.·~;·3J~r=.r-~·C!·9·~~~·cr~~~ Whatever the type of work it may be, one should be performing it worth its name.
~c::.·w\~~·w~l
to have both name and purpose ~~;·1:4;·9~·
~[Zl;
0. co-. -~ ~~·J\·33·~c::..·~c::..·~~·~·J\·33·~·(l!·w~1
• The true ptcture of a man is within; the stripe of a tiger is on the outside.
182
~-~~·~·CJ·t~·1~ Lit.: In addition to famine, there is an extra month/ Sense implied: The extra month has prolonged starvation during famine. ~·332~ -~~·~1 limitless/ endless/ boundless ~rs-1\·z:~·~·~~~~~·ic;·~:J~·
~c.·~·c;·r::!l\"t:."l-~Ffl\"z:l"~c;l We have been wandering in this boundless cyclic existence until now.
~-3J~~·~~·Q_s~~1 to continue o.t"'"~zua.r~~-~-~~~c;·~~·~rsc.-.rsc;·I:J· "'"'Y. -a.~·~c;·l\c.·~·"'~"'·l\ll"c;~"~·CNc;l
We need your help to continue
this project.
~~·~'t33~"20l"t:!~~1
follow blindly l\t:."~41·3l·~"'·~·~~~·a.~·z:~"1~·
~s:~-~~"'l ~~·~'t1141"ilo.t·z:~~\s~·~·~~~41·ilc:l41"it~l When one does not know, one should ask. It is not alright to follow. ~~-~~·~.a:..·~Oll groping in the dark roz:rrit~·~-~~~~-if~~-~~-~:1\· ~a.~·s~·~·CNc.·o·a.~~·l::l~~-~·a:r~~l You won't find things at night even by groping when there is no light.
~~-~~-~~&J~·~e..Oll
to measure darkness by armspan
3l·
9
~ ~·Jl ~·53~~- ~·~:.~·~· ~ ~-~~-~~53"'"~ E. a.!" c;~·" 'c. 41"1:.1"~ ~ l Pretending to know something although one does not, is same as to measure the darkness by arrnspan.
~~·~~·'t33·'t&J1 dark and duiV inactive Ffc.·l\t:."l::l~~-~~-~~-~~·'t53· l"a:ra;~-~~~ inactive.
Since he has fallen ill, he has become dull and
183
il'f3'f3·~·c:rif~
Lit.: fire and smoke are distinct/ Sense
implied: Though friendly still different ~l:IJ"''Qo"l~"'·~~~·Q tlf~·~c.·~~ar~·~~~·o.r~·F'·F'·~r::.·~·cr~~~~~ Although the two friends are friendly, yet their accounts are different.
il'f3t:3·g·t33·~~.r~·~t:3~~~l Lit.: A needle point fire can burn mountain/ Sense implied: A spark neglected burns the mountain ifl:IJ·~·"l·"'·"l·ar~·"l~"l·~·F'e~·:·t&~·~..,·~·~CI~l:IJ"''~~· ~C,'j·tlf~J Don't throw match sticks everywhere. There is a saying that a needle point can bum a mountain.
3J·~·~~33'~t:3.1\l flaring up flame in the sky Cf~·~·~"l·"l~"'·S"l"~' ll~"'·o~·~·~·1·"1~~·o.s·Q.Cl~·e~·~r::.·e~~~·~~·~·tlf~·~~~ The Tibetan studies flourish in all the directions just like the flaring up , flame in the sky.
iJ·~~·~~·w~·~·f~l Lit.: However small a flower is, it's still an offering to god/ Sense implied: The gift however small it may be, it is still a token of gratitute. iJ·~~~·33~~~·~E:'"~
cease-fire/ to make a cease-fire ~r::.·..,r::.·~·
~"l~'~"l·~e~~·~·Q.Gj~·~~~"'·Q.f't!J·~·~..,.;t~·~~~ At present there is cease-fire between India and China.
3J·~t:3.1\'t:3~·~~·or~~·t:3-tl~~·Ql Lit.: adding fuel to the fire/ Sense implied: to excite people or instigate ~~~·Q-~~·~~· !j C:.·o.s·a;l:IJ. ~e~· Cl'-9~·~·~· ij·Q.CI~' e~~·!j C:. ·o.s·~r::.. Cl--9l:IJ"~'CJ' ~r::.. Cl~~·~ ~~ To
abuse somebody on top of being unfriendly is just like
184
adding fuel to the fire.
~·2\t:..·~·;t:..·~·z::r2\t:..'~0Jl Lit.: let the fire cease and the smoke fade away/ Sense implied: to calm/ pacify on its own ll1i~·~a.J·r.~.~·il·:l\~·~·~~·~·c:~·:l\~·~arc:~$'~r~:citll1~l It is good to let this news subside on its own.
~;·~·~·~t:..'t::ll indispensable ~~·~~·ll·a.J·ll1;JJ·c:~r~·:l\~·~c:~~·il~·~·ll· ~~·c:~·cll;t ·Freedom of expression is indispensable to people these days.
i!~·'a!;~·i!2\·~~~~l Lit.: to be exposed to fire when burnt by fire/ Sense implied: to respond with similar treatment t:l.~~·a;ll1~·~~·~·l-r.~.f!:I\'C3:1\'t:l.~~·z:.r~~·a.Jt f!ll1~'ll1~~·;~·r.~.~~·a;ll1~· ~~·r.~.f!:l\'c:!'a.J~'~:I\·~~·~;~~·~c:~~·~·~·il~·ffill1·il:l\'ll1~ll1~·:1\~'~~~ The attac~ment has led us to this cyclic existance. In Tantric text, there is a method of using attachment to liberate us from cyclic existance. This is like exposing fire when burnt by fire.
~~·33~~·i'l~·~-r;l bilateral decision/ an agreement ~'ll1:1\'C2J' ifc:~·~ll1'll1i"~·~:l\·if~·JJ~i'~ll1·ll1~~·§~·i!~·l A mutual decision was taken to seni:i students to India.
~~~33~~·~0J't::l~~l
acceptance ~'ll1:1\'ll1~~·;~·~·~·r.~.?f~·~a.J'a.J'
if~·JJ~i'~a.J·c:~~~·ll1;~·i!~·l The government of India gave acceptance to our recommendation.
;~~·;2f'~·33t:..'~'i33~·~~·~~l too many commanders spoil the strategy/ too many cooks spoil the broth
185
~~~·~~~f.t't.:.!~f.t·~3f~l to humiliate and defame/ to criticise il:ll'Qli\'~JJ~·~~~~·~~~·~~~·s~·~·~a~·~~·~·,r~~l bear humiliations and insult for all the time. ~~~·~ar~~·~c.rl
One cannot
Lit.: covered with red-blood/ Sense
implied: badly wounded ~·~c::~l:ll·~·~ll\·~~·~~·~l:ll~·Q-~JJII\' itia.J·~~·itia.J'~ry~'-111:11
Yesterday my friend was badly wounded
in his fight.
~~~f.t't.:.!,~·~~f.t·~~l specific/special aid Cf~·l:ll~~·~~·il·JJ~'')JJ' Rll:ll'a.J'af~ll\'~lll:ll~·~"lll\'~l:ll~·li\JJ'l:ll~~·~·c~\~~l Every year the Tibetan government provides specific aid to the poor and destitute.
~~~f.t·~c.r·~'ft.:.Y~~·l to aim primarily for one's goal a.s,~·~zu0o1· l:ll~·~~·~l:ll·~~·~·D.I~·~ill:ll~·~Q.I·l:llt-~~~·l"l:ll·Ool~· 1 ·s~·~·l:ll0oi'~~·Q-~~l Whatever work it may be, it is important to worl< focussed on the main goal.
~~~f.t't.:.!f.!CJ'~~f.t''t~'l
to pay special attention ftr~·~~·ll·JJ~·
~JJ'S!Il:ll'Ool'~lll:ll~·~~Ool·~l:ll~·~~·l:ll~~·~·~~l:ll attention to the poor people.
He gives special
~~~f.t't.:.!f.!CJ'~~~·~~l special facilities ~~~·~:~·~JJ~'a.J'Q~'l:ll~~·~~· ~lll:ll~·~~Ooi'JJ~~·a~·D.Il:ll'Qol:ll~~·~·~~l The Tibetan government provides special facilities to the monasteries.
186
~~~·~a~·a~·q~~·~e.t·!·~~·~~c:.·~e.t·'fl)·~~·rq·~·~~e.t·q~~e.t·~·~i)l The Indian government opened many Tibetan schools at the special request of the Tibetan government.
&!"OJ·~~·~·~·~OJ·~~·~~·sZ31 If it helps to cure the sore even if it's dog's fat, appl'y it.
&!~.Z31~"!j"t:!~~l strong foundation ~c:.·~~·Sfc:.·~~·~·q;~·~l)·~·l"t:ll· c:lft:1141"CJ!CJ"SCJ"~·~·~I)1 If the house's foundation is not strong one cannot build the upper stories.
i;'c:.~·~~·sZ31~·~i~l blind loyalty/ prejudiced/ regionalism l)~c:.e.t·t:ll~·!a~·~q·~c:.·a~·i7c:.e.t·~~·st:ll41"~~~·!·~~·~·~·~e.t·t.\11)1 The biggest danger of blind loyalty or prejudiced regionalism is found in a democratic nation .
...,
...,
..... --... ..... ..... ~s~·~~·.t.l)·,~r~~·~~·q!·~·o.rl)l
The members of staff have one hundred rupees per month as a medical allowance. tf~·OJ~·~9·~e..0Jl
to give poison in response to medicine
t!~·
at~·~t:ll·~e.a~·~·s~·a~~·aft:ll·~e.at·~l)llf you give poison in response to medicine, it is an ugly reaction.
ft:~~~·Qr::rz:i30Jl
crazy/ eccentric !CI.I·~~-~~-~·o.rc:.·~ql'a~·qq·
CJ"ta~·~·s~·gl)·~·t:ll~~·!~·~e.t·~·~·~l)l If you act eccentrically people will not have regard for you even if you are a prince.
187
t~·9·~~·9
miscellaneous/ odds and ends a:rt!l~:l\'~l:;l~·t~
2!]·~tll·a,·QJ·~~{~·~·stll·~~f~p~~tll Buying those miscellaneous things during Losar is costly.
t~·~~·$·afw~·~~·af~·~~·~·i!~·s~t Lit.: to use sandalwood as a fire-iron and brocade as dustclothsJ Sense implied: extravagance
l"~·9·l"z:r9l to squat (like a rabbit) ~~·l:;l~tll·~·3.J~~·s·~~tll~·~·~· ~l:l]·a,·fl:l]·a,·l:;l~~·~~l:l] The watch dog is squatting in front of its master.
~t~·~·~~\~~~l health and hygienes l:ljtc_·~·~?f~·t::l~~·OoJ·~~r:_· S~l~'l:l]~r:_·i(:l\'l:lj~~·"l~·OoJ~'~l:l]~·~~~ It is the duty of both the government and the individuals to take care of health and hygiene. J:31t~·&J·9t~·~~·l perfectly clean/ immaculate ~·3-J~clthr~·l:ljtc,· 3-l'l:ljtc,·~c_·~~~ All the areas of the high mountain are perfectly
clean.
~'t-~03·~·~l of prime importance l:I]~~·~~·~~·~·J1~·~~·l:l]'fl:I]OoJ' ~~·a·.i·t::l·~~~ Education is of prime importance at a young age.
188
t:!~~·~~~·c:~1~·~~ oppressive command/ to be under duress e·il~'hrt~·~~~·~:~1~·i~·~~·'f~·z:rl-~~·~;~·i;~! The Tibetans have been kept under control through the oppressive command of Chinese authority.
c:~~~·Cf~c:~~·tN'~l
by force =-~·~~:~·~·~=-·~~·~:~t~·~~~:~=-·clf~·s~·~~·
~r~~·i:l=-·t He seized my books by force.
t:!~~·~·f3·~~·~~·~'l·~~·~r!c:~·fl One who supports the poor and rises against the oppressive authority. J~~·clf~·~~·CI~·
ii·~~~·Zll~~·~~·~·~:~t~·~·~·~~·~=-·~3J·~=-·~·e~:~·~"9~·~~~ If one is really educated, one should support the poor and rise against the oppressive authority.
t:l~~·~·~~~·~~..~~·~'l·~~·~·'4·~l
One who yokes the
tyrannical and be parents for the poor ~3Jl:;Jflll·~·3J~~~~· ~·~~:~t;·~·Zll~~·~=-·~=-·~3J·~=-·~·1'4·3J·~;·~;~~·rsCll·i:~t The Communist leaders are supposed to be the ones who yoke the tyrannical and are parents for the poor and down-trodden.
c:~1'~·91'l'~~·~~·l to talk of only dirty things/ romantic ~=-· ~·~~:~·~=-·~;·;·~=-·~:~tlll·Zllry3J'O=-·o=-·~:~'9~·~·~~Zll Inspite of being a monk he always speaks about romanticism.
ff3~'SOJ'~1
dew drops on blades of grass ;=-·l'~·~·l'~·i!3J~·
o~Tfl~·sCll·~;~·~·s~·~~·~E:;·g~·~·clf~t In Buddhism all phenomena are viewed as dew drops on blades of grass.
189
8"~~·9tr~:~9 completely rid of/ finish ~cr~2~·"1~"1''l1'~1::1·~~· ~'C)·~·tN'C)'~'3''~'C)'"lt~·'C)"l'l::la-~z::~·~·~·~'C)l If a tenet has a sound and reasonable backing, one cannot destroy it completely.
8S9t'~·~Q'QJ!~l thorough investigation 3''C)'"l~\~z::~·z::~~.~'s'C)·~· ~o.r·~~::~·"l~~·~·~CJ·~·ttl~·il~·"l~o.r?:f~~·~·~'C)l If a thorough investigation is carried out then it will be clear who is a traitor (spying for other nations). gz:::r~argQ·~9
completely worn out/ torn to pieces/
unserviceable ~~~~·{~·fl~·~·o·o.r"l·~~·~·~::~·g~::~·~o.r3'1::1'~"1·~~· ~~·~'C)l
Most of the things in the museum are completely
worn-out. g·~~·~9 plants and crops ~·t~·g·~~·~"l·o.r·z::~~~·~~·~l-z::~~· ~~·'C)~·=~·l"~::~·~·c)f'C)l We get oxygen from plants and crops for our survival. ~
.
"1·~~"1
When one becomes thin, we see their ribs coming out.
g~·Q~Q'Ql to calculate/ to do accounts of o.r~·~~~·g~·z::~~z::~·CJ~· i~·~·if~·&fz::~~·~"l·~~"l When we calculated the travelling expenses one hundred rupees was the remainder.
g~·~~·~9·~03l to ignore and insult ~o.r·~·~::~,~·~·~~·'C)"l'CJ'~"l· il~·~·~~·g~·~'C)''("l·~o.r·s'C)·~z::~·~·~·~'C)l One cannot ignore and insult the king's order even if it is not right.
190
~(q·iJ~·,~·~~·l to disregard and neglect =--c:.·~·~~·~~c:.·~·t~· if~·,c:.·~c:.·s~·~·=--c:.·31~:1\c:.·~~·C3{=--·r:r~~1 One is deceiving oneself if one neglects or disregards one's culture.
i(q·f~·i(q·OJ~l
to settle accounts/to handed-over the
responsibilities
~~·s~.,_~,.~=--·~1:3~·~·i~'j"~·t~·at~·~~c:.·31·
S.~l~·s~·~~~·,.~~~·i~·~~~l It is very important to settle or hanaed-over the accounts clearly whenever there is a transfer of staff.
i·~~~·~(q·~~~ to be single minded/ devoted !~~·~31·a.r ~~~·~~·=--c:.·~·a~·31·~·~·~%~·~~·~~~·~~·t:~·s~·~a]'~1 When one enters into Tantric practices one must trust one's teacher single mindedly.
f\~r:~·~~·t:.ll dialectics/ polemic study r~·~C3·~~·t:~·~·C3·~31~' ~
~
~
II ....
....
=--~~·t:~· 1 .. ·~·~·31·~ ~~~·~=. ·~·31·1:3~~·t:~·=--~1
'oD
The dialecticians do not rely on scriptural quotations but reasonings only.
r~l·~·~f;s~l
an unresolved dispute 'c:.·r~·f~·,.foar~·w·~c:.·
~·~~·Uf~l He is involved in the unresolved dispute.
r~·cr~~·ar~
counter productive r~·t:~·~~·~=-~·~~·~31·~~·
~·f'~·t:~·§~·af~·Ufc:.·~~·Uf~l There is a danger for the debate to tum into counter productive, if one does. not know the proper way of debating.
191
f~'Z'JC.Z'c:T~J:.'+!'I:Ill"~·cr~~l The difficult and vital points in dharma are analysed through debates.
z::~g·~c:,.(l.f"1l'~C:..~1 how a person is regarded or viewed il·~1:11· ~Zil·~·if~·i~·~c:..~·~c:..·~·~c:..~·~·J\Zil'~~·Z'J·~~l The goodness and badness of a person depends upon how one regards and views that person.
z::~g~·~~(l.f·afaJ~
wrong effort or perseverance Jl·~~·c:~~·~~·
~ :.r. - - ... ~·~"''Q.'c:T'!~'Z'J',.c:T;s~·Q.~~·Zil·~l:ll'J\~1
To strive for non-virtues is a wrong effort or enthusiastic perseverance.
192
~·~·~·~
~·~·~·~·s~·CJ~
~·~·~·~·~·Qj restless, excited and
nervous ll·fl·-11~·:1\~'J::J~~·~~·J::J;~·?f~~·ll·fl·-11~·:1\~'J::J~~·~~·~·a,· ~·a,·~·?ftN"~·i;~l Some people are very stable while others are very restless and nervous by nature.
~·~e.;J·~~~·"l both strict and gentle means/ ijJ::J-J~·~~·~~·~· ~e.31·~~~·.,·s~·~:,~~·CI·~~l While giving education one needs to apply both strict and gentle means.
~·~~·~~·~-s;J~
the strict, emphatic and forceful f;·~·~"'J·?f
~31~·~·1::1"1~·~31~·~·~~·~~·~~31·.11·~~rtN"~·i;~l All the orders of the ancient kings were very strict, emphatic and forceful.
...,..
~:1\'~"1~·"-J~'J::l~J::l~·~~·l
The labourers vigorously worked hard
for many hours.
~~·~(;J~'9"t:::l~l:..~ congregation for discussion/ assembled for discussion QJ~·s~·~~·~r31~·l'~·ar~a·(z:,·~J::J~z:,·§~·~~~l It is necessary to discuss salary when all the members of the staff are assembled. ~~'Cl!';J' ~~·~
sometimes
complete
and
sometimes
incomplete/ shortage ~J::J·~~l!l·"'J·~~"'J·~~·"'J·31·~~·~~·~~·~·~~·
193
Z!ltl>f~·af I will lend you money if there is a shortage of money for buying books. ~')·~~· ~0!'3J&~l qualified as well as modest ~arifc::ffi~·~~·~or &l~~·~~·~·s'-'·if,_,!,_,.~,.,·~·,r~~~ If one is a qualified as well as a modest Bhikshu, dogs' cannot bite one (it is said).
~')· ~')'z::J~~·t::~~~ l compete/ challange ~·~Zil'~'-'·~&IZil''{IZil'-''~'Zil'~' it·~·fJ·a.rffi~·ffi~·,.,~~·,.,~~·s~·r~r~~~ Iraq challanged the USA in military strength.
~')·art:.~· a;·~l'tll recognition if"~'9J'f4~·~~·a.r"l·s~ ·a.rffi~·a:!c:."'·~c:.·ai· ~E."'Zil·s~·~·~~~ Schools recognize each others' certificates.
~')·til~· m't::~aJ~l proper distribution if~·i.f~·l-41~·f6'Zil·~&l"''a.t'ffi~· Zll~'lli'"~af'-'·s~·~·Zil~c:.·~Zil'-''Zil~c:.·l Please, distribute this money properly among the elderly people. ~t::~·2l·~t::~·2ll hasty, hurry ~c:.·~c:.·~·ffi,.,·~·~cr~·c:.c:.·a.r·f"l'-''~c:.·t The holiday was completed in haste. ~~·~·')t:.~'z::!l
coming one after another in succession ~e:&~·s·
~c:.·~~w-~c:.·~~"'·s-:i~·crffi~·~·~c:.~·,.,·~"·~~·s~·~~·~c:.·~"'·;i"'·"r"l· 5·~~·~·~Zil·~·v!a.t'"l'~~·Cf:i·~~~ Of the great men who have come in succession to this world, His Holiness the Dalai Lama is one of the greatest.
194
~·~i·Zil~~·a..t·"lf(~·~·&l~l I will stay at Bodhgaya until the completion of the teaching.
'a;~·~~·{~::.·t:::l.t:J~l empty and dry words ~'f~·~·~Zil·~~·f~·"'**~· a..t·~~·;{Zil~·~~·~~Q.~~·i:l·~~·l The general populace should not get deceived by empty and dry words of their leaders.
'a;~·r§~·~t~·t:::~o~l clear cut settlement ~·~~·Q.~·~·~~·~Zil·~~· Zllt~·"lo~·"'~~·i;~l There will be a clear cut settlement of the case today.
'a;~·~~·~2:.·~~~·~~~·Q1 insulting hinVcynical rebuke ~a..t·~"'· f
a;~·~~·~~· a;~·1 a fewer words with complete sense Q.9·r~· ~"l·~w~·~·~"l·~~·a..t·~~·~~·"'·~~~~ A good composition should have few words with complete meaning. a;~·~~·~~·t:::~a~·1
elegant expression with good meaning
~a,·Q.~~·l'{II·Q.f.!o..r~·r~·~~~·~"l·t;~·a..t·~~·"'.a~·"'·tN'~I Mr. Gedun Chophel's compositions are elegant in expression and contain good meaning.
a;~·l"'~·~~·~f!Cl!l to implement the words/very practical ~a..t· ~CJ·f
195
l;~·Q·s·z::q f!~:f9's·Ql to get angry ~~·CJ·a·~·~i"')'CJ'~if~l Be patient if you are getting angry.
'Ol'~~~·f~~·~r::.·t ethical and modest f~·CJ~-~~-2~-~~~-,a3· -
~
.!!.
~.s~·'l~~·~c:.·')~~·CJ·""~I
The disciples of a Buddha should be
ethical and modest.
'Ol·~~~·~~~·~~~l ethical and traditional t·:t~~-~·~c:.·s·'a3' ~.s~·~~~·~.s~-~~~·.s~·~·~~~·a3·Z'4~·2~·~c:.-~·s')·.s~-~·~')1 If you can live in society ethically and traditionally, you can work better for others.
,Ol.~~·~~·&l~~l
modest and in accordance with the
tradition :1\c:.·~')·tw:l\~~·~~·s')·~~\~·t)l·:l\~~·~~~·~·'a.rf')·~~~
')C:.'~.S~·CJ·~~c::')~~~
If you wish to be decent you must behave modestly and in accordance with traditional rules of decency.
'Ol'~~·j~·Ql immoral behaviour ')a,·"1~·$~·,~-~~·f')'CJ·~~c:.·~· ')a,·~~·~~-ar~·S')! Of course the students will behave immorally when the teachers themselves behave that way.
~'9C:.'91~·~~~llife-partner :1\c:.·~·f~~·')c:.·~~~·CJ~·~·~c:.·~-;;~·~~~· ~\f~·')-9'~1 One needs to search a life-partner that suits one's personality.
~·9%9·~~·9%~ in one life-time i·~~~-~·~·~·~%~·~~·~%~·~· ~c:.~·~~·~·af~Zi!c:.·l'~·CJ·~')I Jetsun Mila achieved the state of Buddhahood in one life span.
196
l'l\l::gr,r~~rl·l\~~r from life after life ~1'~·~l'(!]·(!]~~·~·~·~z:J~· ~~·~·~z:J~'z:J~·~~~;~·af~~·~·~~~·~~~ The Triple-Gems are the protectors of all sentient beings from life after life.
l• ~~· ~~·s~r
a waste of life~~ ·~~~·~~·~·il·~·z:j;~·~·~·!f(!]' ~~·a~·
z:J;~·z:J·~~·rs~·CJ~·i!~l There is no difference between wasting a life and spending one's life only for amassing riches.
~~~· ~~·~~· ~r::::r greatly difficult but of little benefit ~OJ·f'a.r~· ~(!]~·~·OJ·~~·~~·z:J·~~~ Manual work is very difficult but of little benefit.
ll\·;r~v.J~'Sl~·~·t:l.a~~·~·~~l No matter how sharp the thorn may be it cannot pierce rock.
l~·~~·~~~·o.r~·i!~·~~~·~hN'~·r One cannot do business at two business seasons at a time. l~·~~'t:l.i!~·;f~l\·w~·~·.:C.,~r One never knows where business and fights will take place/ Sense implied: uncertainty
;{~·~~~· ~~·~~~l underestimate ~·OJ·~\~CJ(!]·~~·s(!]~·~·~l"~~· ~~·a;(!]~·~~~·~~~ It becomes an insult if you underestimate a person.
;{~·~~~· ~·~~~·~r over-estimate (!]~·~~·il·~~·CJ~·s~·CJ·OJ·~s~· af~·o~·~·~t~·CJ·~·~\~CJ(!]'~'S(!]~'CJal~·~~~ Considering a child to be a great scholar is a fallacy of over-estimation.
197
l'~·it~1 ~·~·~1 rrit~·,·it~1 limitless/ too much ~~·t.~·ii~·~·r~· f:=.·~·3J·~·s~r~r::_·~(II·~·3J·~~1 Without intelligence even if one studies hard will not learn anything.
~(f;~·t;~·Z3la·z::Jt~1 fame and eminance 3J~(II·~~=-·~3J·3J~~·~~·s·~· ~
~
"'
"' ....
3Jro~·1;~·.::tpr~a_ ~·~r::_·~~·t.!"\~~·~~1
Professor Namkhay Norbu is
a famous and eminent scholar.
~(f;~·~i'c:.~.rar~1 name and reputation ~~·~'11·~~·~·3J~~·31'tr::_(ll· '11·~~·=-·~~=-·3J(II"~i·~~(II·CJ·~~1 All of us should respect the name and reputation of the Tibetan nation. ~(1!;~~·~(1!;~~1
at times/ sometimes
a;~·~(\!·~~(11·'1!·3J~3J(II'3J~~(II·
~~·~=-·~~-~~~·a:f9·~-t)f~1 During rainy season sometimes I sleep until noon.
~(f;~·~~·OJc:.·lj beauty and youthfulness 31~~-~~·'llr::_·~~~·t.~~· ~~(11·~·~(11·~§=-·~31'~9·~·~·~~·~·~"1~1 It is extremely difficult to generate pure renunciation when one is young and beautiful.
q(i!;~'f'~Z31·~~ rush/crowded/ squashed together ~·9~·~::_·~·
(II' a\ '1"4~·~~-~~'11·~~~·~(11·~~=-·~·~9·~9·t)f~·t)f~·t.~·~~1 There is always a rush in India whenever one travels from one place to another. q{-~~·q~·q.Qj~1 to earn one's living @31·~=-·9~9·'11·~·~·31r::_·Q-t)f~· ~·~~~~·~~·~~~-s~·~~·~"1~·=-'ll·~·s9·t)f~·~~1 It is difficult to earn a living if a family has many children.
198
~;{-55C!flr!f~llll steady/ reliable/ a confirmed and good livelihood ~~-"~~~:~~·f!~~itc.·~:~:.:.·s~·~·arl'c::e~~~~·~:~~~.~·~~~ I am thinking of undertaking a business to have a steady and good livelihood.
~~:~rtC!'~~·~rsOJt harsh words and idle gossip );z~r,~:~·c.~·~rse2.l· ~·~·~~·~:~~·~c.·a!;~·~z:rr~~l Using harsh words and idle gossiping are in the list of ten non-virtues.
~~·~l-'il~t
senseless words );~·~r-it~·ar~:~~~·cr~:~e~:~·~·:.:.c.·~~·
&t'j~·~·clfc.·'t·~~l If you harbour senseless words it will make you unhappy.
~~·~~·1::3~~1 useless verbiage/ hackneyed language~~~· ~~:.:.·~~~~·~.~c.·cr-l:ll~c.·~·ll:ll~·l:llt~·~~·~:.:.·~:~,.,l:ll·~~l:ll·~~c.·'t· ~~1
If one uses hackneyed language in the meeting, definitely the chairman will certainly stop one from speaking.
~·03~·~~·$~ Lit.: a word for a word/ Sense implied: to
disobey :.:.c.·~·~a,·~~·C2.l·);~·C2.la\');l:ll·el:ll·~~.~·~c.·s~·~·~c.·t should never disobey one's teachers.
199
One
e:·~·~~l e:·~·~~· ~·2!f e:·~·~~·S~'Ql keeping things topsy turvy/ wearing clothes untidily/ a mess of things i.fi1a· s~r~c:.·~~·~·e:·~·'(-~·;J·::~~~ Never keep one's home untidy/in a mess.
~~~
My lazy friend is wandering aimlessly.
~e:q·~~~·~~·.at:::ll profound friendship ~~·%,::~~·::~~~·~a·~r:.·~·if~· ~·~§"-1'::1'!-.!l!~·!-.l~~·~r:.·s::~·Dr~l In the seventh century, Tibet and China had a profound friendly relationship.
~e:q·z:::l~~·~~~·~~~l friends and relatives !-.!1!~·!-.l~~·Zll~~·::~~~· Drr:.~·"--·::~~·~~·::~~·.i!~~·~l relatives.
Tashi Delek to all friends and
~~t:::l·~~·s~·~OJl important to point out ~·~a·~:r•:"-1·~%,·~~·~~· ~\S~'!-.lfl~·l'%,·!-.!~::~'{~·s~·~"-~·~l It is important to point out those who use public property for their personal gain.
~~t:::l·~~"-·~~·"1"-l Lit.: wherever he points, that is the east!
Sense implied: very harsh rule ~·;{Zll~·~r:.·CJa·~r:.·~·!-.l~::~·if Zll%,'{~'41%,'~~~ In the old Tibetan society wherever the finger was pointed at, that was the east.
200
~~z:::rif~·~~&r·~~~~r~·~z::~l Lit.: a finger cannot pierce the sky/ Sense implied: something that cannot be done ~l~·l'~·~c:..·~~l conscious of one's beauty/ concerned with one's personal appearance ~·~c:.·~·rtq·~.tt~rrllf·"'c:.·~"'·~·s~· S"''~llf·[€~.t·a.r·~~q·~"'l The young ladies go to market taking great care of their beauty and elegance.
~l~·z::~t~·.Q]~~-~~l beautiful as well as grand !C2J'~'!Jllf'~' ;f~.tlllf'Ql"''~~llf·~~·'tl·~~·~"'l well as grand.
The princesses are beautiful as
~l~·~~·w~·~c:..·l beautiful and lovely ~tq·~;~·~c:.·~.t·a.r·~c:.·~·~c:.·~.t· ~.tl*'I·!~'WI:)'trc:.·~c:.·~·Dfl:)t To all husbands, their wives appear
beautiful and lovely.
'"'"'
"' ~·~.~~·a.r~~·CJllf'I;J'~I:)l
~(-~~·OJ~·~~1
Beauty lies in the eyes of beholders.
Lit.: an old dzo knows the way better/
Sense implied: to have more experience ~:af~·ry~·il·~·~c:.· l.l(ifl~'CJI.I'~llf'~·q·w~l Although I am not well-educated, I have more experience like an old dzo.
~t~·r,y·C:OJ~1 the manager and the staff ~~·9tq·~~·~.t("'·r.rC:a.rtlf' tl!'~a.r·~~llf·~~C:.'! Please hand-over this letter to the manager
and the staff.
201
~E:arJ~·ija.t·~~3ll the three: preservation, promotion and propagation
r-.riJOJ'3Jt=3)'~3J~·~·OJ~'t:!.Z!13)'~·~c:. ·~· r~·t:~.E:3)·jc:.·
fJOJ'1:11-a3J'9l~·&l~1
The activities of missionaries are to preserve, promote and propagate their religious beliefs.
~e:~·'JJ·,~~r~a.tl the beginning and the end of a class ~E:3)·~· 'l:ll~·~OJ·~z::~~·-a·~c:.·~c:.·z::~sc:.·z::~·~~l The bell rings at the beginning and the end of a class.
~~~~'z::l§~'CN.ll\'~~1
developme~t z::~'a-~·~~Zil~·z::~~~·t)l.~::~~·~·
i~·~·~~~·Jfr.~.~3J'!'~OJ't:l.~z::T~·~c:.·z::~·~~1 Five hundred thousand rupees were received in donation for the development of a factory.
~~33·~~a.t·~~a.tl to smile ~~3J·~~OJ·~~OJ·s~·3Jr=~·a';c:.·3J'OJ'~Zil~·~~~· ~~·ij~l smile.
There is no need to feel happy with all those who
~~a.t·~~~·~~.:~z::ll to strive for admission or recruitment
f3c:.·
~c:. ·~3JZ!l·lJ ~ ·~~OJ'Zil~Zil'ZilC:. ·~z::~·s~·~c:.· '~·3J·ilc:.·1 Though he strove hard to enter in the army, he could not get admission.
~e:~ri:t~·z::1~·3J~l heedless/ careless ·~OJ.~3J~·OJ·~i:3J~·il~·z::~Zil·ij~· g~·~·3J·~z::~~·~·j~·z~r~~1 It is uncivilized to be careless about a country's laws. ~e:~~·~e:~~·lf~·lf~ to be careful ~·z::~a·z::~~:i~·-a·~i:3J~·r.~.i:3J~· l"Zil·l"Zil·s~·~·a';c:.·3J·z::~i~·r.~.~~·~~1 One forgets to be careful after getting drunk.
202
(t::l' ~~·b~~·~"l~·~
ring leader or very naughty Gokingly
expressed) (z;T'!;~·~·~·~,~·Cf~·Zil·'rs~·i:l"·l Where did the very naughty guy go ?
~~·(~·f_~'f_~1 domineering and wrathfull'~.rf"'~"·~·~~tq· iZil·~·iZ!l'iZ!l·~~·~~·z;T~Ziltq'z:.r~~~ The Dharma protectors always · stay in a domineering and wrathful position.
~~·t!~~{t::l~~·~E:~1 abandon lying and upholding the truth ~"·~~·l'tq'l:J'S~·~~~·~·~~'f!"tq'z;T~~·~E:~·Zil~"·~9tq·l:J·~~~ If one wishes to become a practitioner, one needs to abandon lying and uphold the truth.
203
'(J'~~·3J~·~c::.·~·OJ·~~~·Ql Lit.: a coward fox challenging a
lion 2;!'~~·~~·i)r:::a,·a.r·~~~·~·~·~~·~~~·~~·~~·~·i1~·l'~t It must be a bad omen for a cowardly fox to challenge a lion.
'(Jtlf'OJ''(Jtlf'OJl
clear and distinct ~~·~~·~~~·~a.r·2;ja.r·a:t·2;ja.r·tit~·
ifl~~·~c:.·1 Gradually, the news will be clear and distinct.
204
~r~rh~33'CJ·~~CJ~'t:ll Lit.: taking a shoe as an example to
make a haV Sense implied: wrong model ~c:~~·~~·c:~t~·c:~~.J:.l service and respect tf~·J:l·l~·~a,·~~~·a.s·~~~· ~~·~~~·~~~·~~·s.c~p~·~:r~~~ Tibetans offer service and respect as· best they can to the spititual communities.
~CJ~r~~c::it.J:.'~l lay and monk retinues "'f>·.i~·~~·rr:.i·a.s·~~"'· ~~~·il~·~"f~·~~·~~·rr:UJ'~l Panchen Rinpoche had thousands of lay and monk retinues.
~CJ·~~z:::t~·c:~~·~~CJl collecting and offering donations J:l·fl'.tl"~' ~"~·~.c~rrr=~"~·~a.s·~~~"~·~~~·~·~~·~~·a.sl~·~:.~·~~~
Some people collect donations from the rich and offer these to the poor and down-trodden.
~CJ'ClJ't:3~'3.f~~CJ'CJ~~l ~~~·CJ·~l.J:.'3J'~c::~l His mouth is like an eight petalled lotus and his mind a thorny plant ~CJ'.J\~·~9·2fl frowning face/ angry looking ff~·~a.s·~"'·~.t~~·'f UJ'~·~·t"'~'~.t!J"~'il~"'·~.a~·rr:UJ'~·i;~l Though he has a frowning face he has a good heart.
205
&J~::.~·t::l~~·~~::.·~::.·l
C\.
li"$~·~t:~.c::..·~~
Yesterday, he smiled at me.
peace, increase, power and wrath ~~::.·!~~·a.r·
ilt::l~·~·if~~·~s·~·~·~~·~t::l::.·s~·t::lo~·clf~l In terms of methods, secret mantra can be classified into peace, increase, power and wrath. li"~Ol·t:~~·w~l
C\.
-
peaceful, humble and modest
~·~a.r·t::l~.CA~~·~&~~·
"'
..;
~~·t::l~.t::l~~·~~~·~·&~ffi~·~~·&l~l Being peaceful, humble and modest are the features of a spiritual guide.
~·~~·w·~~~l peaceful, happy and civilized ~·~·&~·t::lijt::l~·~:~~· afr::.·~·i5'~·~·~·t::l~"CAI"~t::l~·~·~a.r·flt::l"~%~·~~l Tibet was a peaceful, happy and civilized nation before Chinese came in.
~·r::l~·~.c::..·jr::l~l for the security and peace ~o.r~·~·t::l~·~r::.·~t::l~· ~......
01,
...,.,
......
;;J·a;~·~·~&~~·&~·~~·~~~·~;~·~~l
It is essential to keep an army for the security and peace of a country.
~·~~·~.c::..·~e.~~l calm and peaceful ~a.r·~·~&J(f.l"&J~~·afaf~·~·~a.r· a.r·~·t::l~·~r::.·~e.~~·a.r(f.l·~~·afr::.·l If the people in a country are harmonious, naturally there will be calm and peace in a country.
~·~~·~~~·~(&J~l both peaceful and wrathful ~r:::CJ~·~~r::.·~· ~·s~·~~(f.l·~(&~~·~·~~~(f.l·a.r&~·~~r::.~·clf~l In Buddhist treatises, both peaceful and wrathful means are explained.
206
~·~·~~~·~·~.1\'Wt:..'t::1~~·~·~·~l
Even when cat has fallen
asleep it still thinks of mice.
~t:..·~~~·~~~·~~~l The three : farming, forestry and the animal husbandry ~aJ'fll;l'~%,·~~·~tl]·?ft)(~·~;~·QJ·~~·~tll~·~tll~· .... ~ ..,.. .... ti]~JJ·~~·CI%,'~%,·~~·tll'7~·~tll~·CI·%,~1 For the development of a country, it is absolutely necessary to improve the techniques of farming. forestry and animal husbandary.
~t:..·tJ·~Ff~·~~l poor peasant ~·t1]%,'~·~~·CJ·JJ~·~·~;~·~f'~'t~~·?f~~~ Most of the Indian farmers are poor.
~t:..·S]~·o.t~·~~~l feudal system ~~·s~·aJJJ'~ti]~·~·JJlil~'tll~tll·J·~tll· ~tll''r~~~ The system of feudalism is not bad in all respects.
"'~t:..·S]~\;t:..'t::1~~ ~
"' feudal serfs and feudal lords "'~~-s~-~~-~~-~;~~tll·
~JJ·Q-t)(~·~-~~·?ft)(~·%;~1 There is happiness when feudal serfs and feudal lords are in good terms.
~t:..·i;~·~~~·~Ffl\l Lit.: machines for ploughing land! Sense implied: tractors ~~-~~-?J~·CI~·tll~~·~tll~·~·~~·~~·ij~·~~aJ·
~~~-C!~·ti'~·s~·CI·~~~ Tractors are used in Tibetan settlements also these days.
~t:..'o.t6f'!}'~l:ll
hired for farming ~~-aJ~·m·~tll·~-~~·~·5l·~;~'t-!·
JJ~lll~·t)(~l I have hired fifteen people for farming. "' Y. ~~·~·m~l
very tasty
"' ~ ....... ~~-~5J'liltl]'m~·§~·~~·l
good. 207
The beer was very
--
..,... You need a lamp to look for z:::!~·~~·~~a.rz:::!~'z::l~'~~·~9~l another lamp.
~~·~~·~~·fr::!~l undaunted courage s·r::~·9a.r~~·'f~r::~·CJ·o.r~!>r ii~·~·~~·W"r::~(lf·~~·~~·I:J·~~~·CJ·w~l It is necessary to have undaunted courage to achieve a big task.
~·ftf~·~·~e:~l hatred/ animosity ~·t-~~·JJ·~·fi'~·~~·~t~·~·~r::~~·~·JJ· ~~·~·r::~~·&~'C11(1f"~~·c)f~·l If all of us are not over-powered by hatred and animosity, there will be happiness automatically.
~·~~·~9·~·~ftfas·~l enmity like boiling liquid poison ~11J"S9(\f" C11·~·~~·~9·~·~~·~fJC11'~'UI~·~~·~~·C11'9~\I:J'C11~'~11}'Ql'~'9~~~ Though one shows enmity like liquid poison toward the enemy, it does not harm the enemy but in turn it harms oneself.
~·~9'ftf9'z:::!iS~~l to hold evil thoughts in one's heart v~e11·r::~· ~~·Q-~·~~·~r::~~·~(lf·CJ~-t~·~·~~·~·~9·fi'9·r::~o~(\f·s~·~(lf·s~·Jl·~~·t I never hold evil thoughts in my heart since I received an empowerment from His Holiness the Dalai Lama.
~·~9·J~·~z:::!l cruel thoughts and deeds l'~·CJ·w~·~·~·~9·f~·~r::~· tfE::.·~~(Ifl If one is a practitioner, one should abandon cruel thoughts and deeds. ..... ~
...... G\ ::r:: .... !1 ........ nausea JJ'(J~'~E::.'tll'~~·~(lf·~·~~·"-19'9'~~9 When I travel in an automobile, I get nausea. -
~·&J~'Cll9'Ql
208
~·1:3~~·iff43:1 feels inconvenienced and disappointed J:.~·~·
"~·~~·~"'·(~.~·c.t·s~·~·~~·4J~·~·~·~~~·"~·r-t.l~.~·a.~"'·e"'·c>r~·1:3·&!~~ When a disciple gives back his vows, the spiritual master feels inconvenienced and disappointed.
~·f~·c:.c::~c:.·l relaxed and easy going l:lg~·~~"'·~·~.~s"·~~=-·sl:l·~· ~·if"·~~·~~·&l~·~·~~·~~·~~·~l:l'S~;~·e·i;"l One can accomplish a great purpose with contl'ttual diligence even if one is a relaxed and easy-going person.
~~·aJz~r~c:.·~tll·~~·c.q eyes
to feel disgusted and show angry
f!'"'~·~"'·4J~·~~"'.~"'·~·~·~~·ar"l·~c:.·il"1l~·"l~~·~·~s"1
From yesterday onward the teacher felt disgusted with me and shows his angry eyes.
~tllli.T'!'OJC:.'-t'~c:.·~~C:.'-T'S'~"'ll early to rise and early to bed l.l~~·~.~·"l'-'J\'CJ'{'-!·~"1'-''!'~~"'·"~·~a;c:."''S''1)CJ'S~·c.t·i:~l
New
brides are early to rise and early to bed. ~ ;t::l..jJ\'s~·~·~(li.TC:.'l
. ~ ::t::nuscellaneous expense "'s·~~·~\,:1\'s"·~~·"'~·~·
~~·{J:. ·if{~·~"l'I.I~·Cf~~·i;"l Abroad, miscellaneous expenses are very high too.
tll~~·f~·l:lftllli.T'~~~l to expose others' faults "1~~·!-J~·I:l("l'-'' ~~~'S"'CJ'-1':1\~·~~·~·t.l~·'t"l'-''"1~·~~·34"1 It serves no purpose to oneself to expose others' faults.
209
CJa'3Jfl"l'CJ'.i~·c.f~~~ depend on others.
He is a great scholar who need not
~~~·~~~·~.r~£~·z:;q an outstanding/incomparable '-'=-~·~~· t::l~3J·~~·~~~·~·9~~·~'!J~'3J'~i~·CI~·(~·~;~·~r:_·~9·~;~·~9·~~~ Buddha Shakyaminin is a great outstanding perfect teacher.
9~~·tJ~·~c::~~1 one's own and others' happiness l'~·3J~~·~·s· ~
'i?
~
......
0."'
t::l';;~~·~·9~~·t::ll'~r:_·~~·~r:.·9·~~~
If one's activities are in conformity with the dharma, there will be happiness for one's self and others.
9~~·~~·tJ~Cl!'tJ'Cl!'~t:..·~~·t.l1
to feel happy over others'
suffering 9~~·~9't::l!OoJ't::l'OoJ'~r:.i·~·~~~·~;~·OoJ~·~r:.·~~·s·ii·~r:.·l One ought to feel compassionate but not happiness at others' suffering.
9~~·~~·~~·a~c:..~1
to take the responsibilities for others'
welfare 9~~·~~·rs~·a~=-~·~;~·~·s=-·~t::l'i:l3J~'~I;I~'~~~·~·~~·~9'~~~ It is the commitment of Boddhisattvas to take the responsibility for others' welfare.
9~~·g~·q~~·f5~1 to dispute and be partial to others .!It::!'~~·~· ~~·~~·~=-·rsQJ·~·~&~·~;~·i\f~·~·~·l9~·~=-·9~~·r~·~~~·~~·Df=-·~·~~~ If relations among the political leaders are strained, there will be dispute and partiality in the society.
9~~·3~·[:~·~~C:..~1 to follow what others say ~9·~~·9=.·~~· ~r:.'t::!i9'~9~·s~·~~~·~;~·OoJ~·9~~·i!~·i:~·~sc..~·g·i:J·~r:.·l
210
It's not
right to follow simply at what others say, one should examine whether it is good or bad.
~~ar·~·i!~·r.yl
inconceivable
immeasurable/ that cannot be repaid/ f"i·'~~..Q)~a.s·~·iJ~·'~~·~·s"i·a.s·':l~"i·"i~·~t.Q)·~"i·~·
~~~·r~·~z;.l Due to the inconceivable kindness of Buddha, His teaching is flourishing in this world.
~~·i!~·~~·~~':!~l baseless under-estimation or insult .Q)~"i·a.s· Zll~·iJ~·~z:.·~~':!~·s~·'~·~·z:.c_·~~-~5a.s·':!z:.·~~':!a·~l To disparage others with baseless under-estimation or insult is a cause for one's going to hell.
-
~~·i!~·f~~~~l baseless over-estimation a!"i·ry~·iii:)'CI'O.Z'al"i·ry~· ~"':.-~ .... tiii~'CIZ:.'t!'"'"1'Zil~·&~~~·~·~lZil~·z;.~l
It is a baseless over-estimation to praise somebody for having good knowledge when he/she has not.
~~·i!~·~~'':!Sf to make a base out of baseless i':!·~·t~~~:z:..·!~· Zll~c_·~·a.z~·Zil~·ii~·Zil~'':!ES~l~"l~·c_a,z·~·':!·a!~t It is more difficult to start something from nothing campared to improving an already existing school.
~~~·s~·~'1&J·~{&J~1 native
-
the reunion of the exiled and the
Zll~~-s~·i5"'~·il·31~31·~r~~~·~c_·':!a·~·~~·~:z:..·~·~~z;.·':!a·~·':!·
tlll~l
We hope the day of the reunion of the Tibetans inside Tibet and those in exile will come very soon.
~~·g·aJ~~·~~~l a well established base/ strong foundation 211
"·a;·~t~'SOJ'?S'"·~~~·~·~~"'·~~~r~~·~·cil~"'·~~"'·a;~"'·af"l
At
present the foundation of the Tibetan government in exile has become well established.
-
~~~·~~~·~+!"'~"! Seven fundamental rights are mentioned in the Indian Constitution.
z:q~·f~·z:q~~·~c:.~l the basic condition ~~·"'~·?;"·~·~~·~~·~~"'· ~~"'·~~·~af"·~'-'·IS~·~~~"''S"'CI'~"l It is announced that the basic conditions in Tibet are quite good today. z:q~c:.·a.t;ra:lz:q~·Qa,
to strengthen the main path/ the
construction of high ways · ?S'"·il·~!l'.l"~'~"'·~·!l'.l·oOJ'!I'.I~t;,:~~· ~~~·a.~!r.!·cil~"!'CI~·~:;~af.!·z:.t·~~~ The Tibetans constructed well the high-ways in Himachal Pradesh.
z:q~c:.·~~~·q~t'~~l
unwavering patriotism or love toward
the government ~~~·iJ~"''~Q'I~.-i!~·~~"'·a.r~o.r~~~r~:~·~·cr~~~ People with unwavering patri~tism are called nationalists.
z:q~c:.·~~~·~c:.·2.!J sincere loyalty/ faith in one's government .:.
::o:-:-
:.:"":
-
....
....
~
...
~~~·'-'~!1'.1'-''S~·"~·~"·~·"~·I;l"!'~~·~:;~~~·~ry:::.·~~:;~·;.:;·!r.l·~~~
If one has a firm and sincere loyalty to one's government, one cannot be deceived by the enemies.
9~c:.·~~~·~~·~9 ..,.,
Or..
....,.,
pure loyalty f~:;~·~~·~!l'.lf.I'OJ'~~:::.·iJ~f.l'~!l'.l·"~· ......
~~"''CI~'I:;I"1~'aii:;I'~~:::.·~OJ'ai!
It is very important to advise the students to develop pure loyalty to one's government.
212
~~~-q~·Jt~·03~"4J~·~·~~·.at::~l
An old man's wisdom is better than a young man's might
t::l~~~·~t:,·~·t::l~~~l
whether to stay or not f!r:::.·~·'ll·~·-.r·OJ"
CI~ZIJ4f"~r:::.·&~·CI~ZIJ41"~41·~·il~t I don't know whether he stays in Lhasa or not at present.
t::I
213
S';JF~·q~~';JF~l
to eat and drink frugally/ wise living
.i'!.lflG.I'"-~C:.'!.IflG.T'S~·~·.a·~~·,.~c:.·~~·~c:.·r:~·~c:.·l If you eat and drink frugally, your food and drink will last long.
.a·~·q~~·~·;J~·~·I)~ql
food than to be the source of others' gossip. S't:I~'F'cNI)'~·~~·q~z::~~·~l)·~·~·q~~ Lit.: Even though one may have a mouth for eating, one does not have a throat for it to pass through/ Sense implied: Wanting something yet not being able to have it
.a·l'l)·~r:::.·~~·;J'SI)·~·~~·if~~·a;l)'~l)'f~·w~l Lit.: If one does not limit one's eating, the belly is upto the knees/ Sense implied: over-eating is self-destruction .a·~·q~~·~l
Yo:
...,.....,..
things for eating and drinking ~~~G.T'"'liC:.'r;ru.rc:.·c:r
a.~·.a·u.r·,.~c:.·u.r·~~·~·~a.~·i~·~~~~ For a healthy body, it is very important to have proper things for eating and drinking.
.az::~·~~·~~l)'~
214
and essential meaning aj"l4~·~~~·:::.~·a.r·CJ~~·~~·.aCJ·~~·~~~·~a.~· SCJ·e·~~l One can discover the profound and essential meaning with the help of a teacher's instruction.
i;J';J' (!;~'ell uninterruptedly/ continuously {~·~·~"'·~·z::!:.;.'t:l.~a.~· ~
~
-
Clt:l.'r,34~·""~·i114'34'ai~·~·CI~~~·t).!~l
The practice of moral discipline has been uninterruptedly carried out from the teacher, Shakya Muni, to the present day.
i;J'~'S;J'~l to feel lazy/ inactive ~"lt:l.'CJ~'I4:::.·?.!-f!'9'~'.a34·i:·s34·i:· a;~·~r~~l If one is very tired one feels lazy.
.a~raf~~r~CJtl3't:tS~1 food, clothes and wealth =~·~~·~z;]CJ't:l.S:.;.· ~~·~14·l~f.!·z;]·af~·~~·~~·s~·sc:~·~·~·~:!r~~l It is best to practise dharma when one has prosperity, an abundance in food, clothing and wealth.
.a~rc:.~·~f.T·~·~~ ~·c:.~·~tl3·~·~l!l Bad food is body's enemy and an evil man is country's enemy.
.af.T·tl3·.a·;JFf.T'S~·~·.a·~·~~·~·a;~1
aff,J·ar~~·;JFf.Y·s~·~·af~·~·
~~·~·a;~l If one is frugal in eating, there will be no Shortage of food and if one is frugal in wearing, there will not be shortage in clothing. .af.T·~~·Of'c:.f.T·f~l
Lit.: food, wealth and property/ Sense
.... ~ -':#'. .... implied: prosperity tN' ~.... e.~·:.;. ·f!·~· =~· i:.;.·a.r:::.~·s~·t:l.~:..l4f.!'~t:l.·~a.r·f!c:~·
~~~·~~l America is a very prosperous country (with abundance of food, wealth and property).
215
a·a:J~·~·~~·1 hustle and bustle !"'r~rih~::.·z~.r~::.·r.l.~'r.l.Sa·~::.·a.r· i!~~·a.r·~·.:ri'~·~·f!oCI)''f-~1)1 It is difficult to get peace for the mind like this which is full of hustle and bustle.
a~·~·a~1 just about ~·ll)·l)~·r.ra~·3:J·a~·a.r·r.7.E:~·~·af'l)·~l)l There is a class at just about 9 o'clock.
~2\'t:!~~·~::re..1l'~·1 Lit.: seeing or looking through the edge or corners, one can see the whole thing! Sense implied: indication is enough tl)~~·~a.r·r.l.~a·~~·t!J~=-·1)~~·~·5r~l)1 ~~· z::!~~·ci!,:r~l"'::.·~l)l There is no need to tell anything about this information. An indication is enough.
~.2\'t:l.~~·~~·=~l a small disgression from the topic ~z::l'r.l.~a·~e..· a.r·~\~·~:z;.-~:z;.·r.l.f~·s=.·.al)'~oCI)·s~·r.l.~.c!J Tibet is discussed in a small disgression in that book.
~-"·=·~~·t:!r~1 sarcastic and criticaV cynical criticism !'~tl)· oC~J~c:.·~~·~,.oC~J~ ·~·ari)·Qa·z::!t~·sa.r·t~J~e..·a.r·;t~J·j· ~~ ·.a·fz::!!\s~·~·ar~r The Chinese government always sarcastically criticizes the Tibetan government-in-exile in India. to scold one's
~·l't:l.~·~
almanac
~·~e..·a.r·~·ar~~·Q·SJe..·Cfz::lz::l'~·af'~·Q·z::!.tl~·
r.l.~tl)
In the almanac, it is said that there will be heavy rainfall this year.
216
.a~-ri3Jt:3-r.a~-ri3Jt:3~1 about to faiV ready to fall ~c:.·fc:.·~.,. ~c:.·~~.,·~.aZIJ.,.'l]r::t.,·.aZl].,.'l]r::t.,·s~·Z.Q.~Zl] The fruits are about to fall from the tree.
~.a1:3·~.a1:3·~~·;~1 carefuV cautious/ emphasis (srr::~z~·~.,·Zl].ar::t· .ar::~·~~·;~·~~·s~·~·Q.iS"Zil.,.i'~·!·sr~~~ meditation, it won't be fruitful.
If one is not careful in
~.aQ·~.aQ·&~·&~ very cautious !"r::t~!·.,·~~~~~.,·arr::~jr::t.,.~.,.
Zll.ilr::I"Zl].ilr::t"~Zl]·~ZIJ·s~·~-9".,1 One should be very cautious when one reaches the Indo-Nepal border.
~a·t:3{~·Ff~·fr:.·t empty vessel sounds much
~a~·lij~f.f·~~·r:.r~·?fr:.·~1 Lit.: a donkey wearing a tiger's skin/ Sense implied: artificiaV not reaVmasquerade ~a~· tEr:.·jf~Zl]&T'!}'Q~'t4~· tE~ Lit.: a musk deer hopping near a leopard's lair/ Sense implied: a cowardly fellow pretending to be bold
~ij~~·i:t~·~Cl'tfl~"f1 Lit.: a shadow without a form/ Sense implied: baseless blame Zl]~ZIJ.,.il~·OJ·~r::~·a;Zll.,.CU!~·"'·~·r::~~.,. r::t'f_,·~~·c.~·~~~ It is an insult to complain about a shadow without a form.
~ij~..-i:t~·~Q't:3Sf to create a form where there is no form/
217
~~~~·il~·;·~~;~·z::{ft}f~·~;·il~t If there is no fonn there is no cause for a shadow.
~~~·~~~·~c:_·~~1 honest and impartial ~~:.::.·~;~·s~·~;·~·(ll~· "l'S~·;·~~·~~·~;·~;~r~·g~·~·&ri:~t No one will criticize if one works honestly and impartially.
t:J.ac:.·c:.~·~~~·{~ Lit.: interchan~ability of good and bad/
Sense implied: ups and downs il·ffi~·;~·a.s·~~·~~·t;~a~·~;· ...,..,
":§'.
...,.,
01
....
(.(~:1\·~~·~·dl~~·t).l~·~·:.::.~l
There will be ups and downs in
one's life. t:J.a~·~·t:J.a~·~1
getting better and better ~~·s~·;·~~~·~;~a~·~·
l:3a~·~·r.(.sf9·i:~t If one practises dharma, one's mind gets better and better.
t:J.a~·~·~~·o.re.·m~·~~·~~·~q·~~·(l!·t~·~~·1 In the company of good people, tea and chang are served and in the company of bad people, one gets a beating. t:J.a~·s~·~~·&J~~1
to do good for someone and to feel bad
~;~~~·l'il~·~~;·il·a.s·~:.::.·~;~a=.·s~·~~·~:.::.·~;·~·~~;t · Even though you do good to mindless/thoughtless people, they feel as if you have done bad to them.
in return
t:J.a~·s~·c:_~·(l!~1
to respond negatively for the good done
~;~a~·s~·~;·(ll;·g~·r,r~·~~·~·~;·~~·;~~·i;~l To respond negatively for the good done is a sign of bad person.
218
z::t.a~:~·z::t.ac:..·l whether good or bad il·31·~s'-'·~·~31'-''C!ac:.·il·t:~.a~::
il..:Z1'-'l Without interaction one will not know whether or not a person has good mind.
"'
"" There is a vast difference
c:.~·CJ~'')C!~'C!.ac:..·~~·rs')·CJ~'.I:!l~31·"1·~')l
betv.reen sublime and evil people.
. z::t.ac:..·a)~·c:..~·~~l
to abandon bad and to adopt good ift:~'.!]J'OJ' "" :. ~ "" ... "" In schools one is taught to s')'OJ31't:~.ac:..·""~~·c:..~·l~·!it:~'.l:!l~c:..·.l:!l·~')l
abandon bad actions and to adopt good behaviour.
z::t.ac:..·2J~·z::t.ac:..·CJ~·~c:..·c:..~·r.t~·c:..~·CJ~l to respond positively for
the good done and negatively for the bad done ~e:~·~c:..·
S')'
5-!fl'-1' CJ'~'l'-1· C! .ac:.. ·tf~ ·C! .ac:..·a.s ~· ')C:.. ·c:..~·CJ ~ ·c:.. ~·a.s ~· ~C!'CJ'~ ')l The able and wise administrator can respond positively for the good done and negatively for the bad done. ?fz::t.a~·~~-r~·~c:..·'?CJ'~~·~c:..·l A man is ruined by sleeping, not by eating.
z::t.a~·z::t.a~·~~·f·f;9~l ·
S~·s~·~~·CJ~·sc:..·l
By eating too much your mouth has gotten used to eating and by walking continuously you become familiar for climbing up the hills.
z::ta·~~~·~~~l
groggy
ar.l:!l'-':I\'C1!'a;c:..·31c:..·~~~c:..·tc:..·t:~B'~l"'31·~'f5.!·
a;.l:!l'-' SC:..'l I became groggy during the new-year celebration from ~rinking too much.
219
c:~a·tSa·~~·z:!lry&!'~·o.r·c:~c:~1 A drunken person brings his secrets to the lips of his mouth.
c:~s-'~~·'9~~·~~1 good both in quality and make ~·~c:.·~~·l:la-.r e~;a·.s·~Zil·~·l-1:1'a-~~·Zil~~·~~·.t1·~Zil'~~~ The things that are made in Japan are good both in terms of quality and make.
t:!So~~·r.~.~z:!l'z:!l~&!1 agriculture, nomadic and industry ~c:.·e~~· l:l'a-~c:.·~S"l!l'l!l~&!'C>J:t:.'!~·l:l;c:.·~·~c:.·e~·C>J:t:.'!~·~~·~~~ There will be development in a country if there is an improvement in agriculture, industry and nomadic life. c:~S:o.r~·sr~·~~l
industrial product C>J:t:.·e~·s~·e~~·l:la-~~·~c:.·&~:t:.'
l:l'a-~~·i'~·~~·~Zil·~Zil·~c:.·~~~ All the developed countries have excellent factory production.
c:~a~·5:1c:~~.r~o.r·c:~l unbearable/ !·~~·Cf~·e~:t:.'l:lS~'!I:l~·s~·l:la'&t~:t:.· l!l'f~·l:l;c:.·1:1·~~~ unbearably.
The Chinese have exploited the Tibetans
220
~· ~~·~·~~
total desperation ~-~~-~-~tll·~·~tll·~;~~·tll~~·~·~.tl}~·
~~·~·~·il~l I shall not seek others' help until I am in total desperation.
~·~·~·~1 scatter-brained il·~·~·~·~·l't~.~·~"'·"l·~~t!j·l:;!!a.r~·~·~~~ The scatter-brained persons will not complete their work. ~~·~·~~·~1 inattentive f~;~·~tll·~;·~·;r;·~·~·l't~.~·~a,·"li'~"~·if~;~·~t~.~· ~t!j·Cf~;·~·~-~~~ The inattentive students do not listen well to the teacher during the teaching. ~·~9·21~~·=~1 desperate and helpless ~-~t!j'21:;!~·=~·§~·;·5:1·~~· t!j~-~~-g~-~~-~-~~1 A person may do anything when he is desperate and helpless.
~·~~·~-~~·~c::.·OJ'&J~C::.~1 Lit.: A desperate dog jumps at the walls/ Sense implied: helpless
~~·~~·~:::.·~:::.·1
noise/ uproar il·~~·~~·~·~~-~~·~~-tN"~·~·~~tll The mob is running towards me in uproar.
~~·~ry&r~~~-&~1
disrupting rumours ~~~rtJ·~~t~.~·~~·t!jry~·
~~tll·a~·~·tll~~·~~;~~·~·il·~~~;~·~~~ Wise people are not overpowered by disrupting rumours.
221
~.1\·ci·2J1 an exaggerator ~:.;·a;·~·~s·~·s~l Don't be such an exaggerator.
0..
0..
.....
"'''-J"ifi 0.fl:;l~~·"'::.'1
They spent the whole night yesterday in an
uproar.
~~·9%9·~s~q Lit.: like the mixing of water with milk/ Sense implied: very friendly ::.·l-~9"~'a!-9~"~·;:f~·9~9·~~"~· 0..
..........
~::.·l:;l~~·"'!l.!'tJ't.\1~1
We two friends are very friendly, hard to be separated like milk in the water.
~\ ~~· ~~1 glaring! glittering ~~·,!;~·,!;~·~:.;·al-i!!~.!"''o~·9~:.;·~·~~1 All that glitters is not gold.
q'~·a.1\·~~·~~1 having thousands of rays of light "9:.;'S9"~·~· ~·~'"\"1'~~·~:.;·-w-::.·~"\·~·~·.:::Fl The sun with thousands of rays of light rises from the to~ of the eastern hill.
q'~·~~·~9~1 a deserving responsibility il·~·~"\·"\·w::.·~"~'tJ~· ~9~·~~·~·2:"1'tJ:.;·§~·~·~~1 Anyone who is given a deserving job will definitely accept the responsibility.
q'~·I:!I:!~·~~J~~·l whoever is deserving! appropriate il:;l'~9.~"~· t.~·~·~::.·o.J·~~·I:;l~9'1:;l~9~9·9~::.·~9"~'9"\::.·1 deserving student as prefect.
Please appoint a
q'~·~~·~ci~~·~l fitting and appropriate f!::.·~a,·~~·9~::.·1:;l·~·~"~· ~::.·~a'l~"!·.::r~9·§::.·~59 It is very fitting and appropriate for him to become a teacher.
222
OJ'Fa·~·331 Lit.: the setting sun/ Sense implied: old age a:f"'t.~' ~t.~·a.rF~·~·3J·~~·3J~~t.~·z:.~·~~l Growing old is like the setting sun.
OJ'Fa·~·33·"t~·~·Fa·~z::~·~ift
Lit.: the setting sun and the
fading shadow/ Sense implied: to have become aged ;(41· ~·~3Jt.~·~~·~~~·~~·OJ·F~·~·~·~~:.·~·F~·~l:.l·~~~l:.l~·~·C4~·~·~~r Only religious practice can help when one becomes old. OJ'"t:zl'~~·"t:zl
Lit.: nine passes and nine valleys/ Sense
implied: distant 3J~·z:.~·;(~·~·r~~·~~·OJ·~~·~~:.·~~·l:.l~l:.l~·~·~· ~~·~·?4z:.1~·z:.~·~~l The translator Marpa Chokyi Lodoe visited
India by crossing nine mountains and nine valleys. OJ't:I~OJ·~~·t:~~OJ1
Lit.: to cross mountains and valleys/
Sense implied: distant and difficult travel ~·~~·~·s~:.·s~~· ~~·OJ·~~·3J~·?fl:.l410J'~·tf~·~·l:.lijl:l·~·~~1 If you cross many mountains and valleys toward the north of India, you will reach Tibet.
OJ·~·z::~sz::~·~·~-1\'~1
Lit.: over every mountain pass there is a
slope/ Sense implied: after every difficult time there is a good time ~·~·iJ·;¥;~·~~·a.rOJ·~~·l:.l~l:.l·~·~~·~·a~·z:.~~·~·~~:.·~· ~~! There will be good time after every difficult time in our life.
223
a.yz~p·l~~r.:~r~r~c:.:~r:::.·l
Lit.: long arm with short sleeves/ Sense implied: man of ideas but having financial
problems a.~~·&~~~r:.·a.~·s·~r:_·!r:.·s~~r~.,ra.~l'l·"rS~·UII~·il·~~~ I cannot do any work because of financial problems.
a.!.t:ll'~~l S"l'~~l Lit.: hand print! Sense implied: legacy/ feat l'~·il·l'l&l'?f~l'!'~'a,~·~a.y·~~\~·a.y~'i:l'l'~~·~·~r:_·~·~~·~~~·~~l Thonmi Sambhota is credited for leaving behind the legacy of Tibetan writing system.
0J.t:ll'~e..!'5J"l'~E:"l~l Lit.: to climb a rock with a maimed hand/ Sense implied: a fool's attempt l'l'f·z:.riJ~·::.r~·i[&~·::.r·~l a.!~'S&~' g~·a.y·~l~l'l·r.~·~sl
A meditation done without hearing teachings is just like a handicapped person climbing a rock.
0J.t:ll''.!'~e..T·2Jj S"l'~e..!·'fj Lit.: tight hand or fist! Sense implied: stingy/miser/ opposite of spendthrift r:.·M·~~·~~l:lj'a.!l:lj'r.l'~&~· ~~·sl:l)·~.c:;·~.c:;l Our master is very stingy. a.!!J1't~rcf;·~~,r~e..~·Q·~~l Lit.: remembering a pincer only when
one's hand is burnt! Sense implied: to think only when it is high time to do something &ll:l)·~.c:;·~l:Jl'!'l:l)%l:lj·~:~;.·jf~'f==-· ~:~;.·~l:I]'.IJ1~==-·~·~·a.yl:lj·r.~·~·~l'!'~&l·~·s~·~·~::_·l:lj%l:lj·~·~~l Studying hard during the examinations only is like burning one's hand and then remembering the use of a tong.
0J.t:ll'Q'W'.t:ll~z:rr9·.t:J~.t:ll'Ql Lit.: clapping with one hand/ Sense implied: impossibility "'!l:!')'l:J'.:n%9·~l'!'l:;ll9'~·1:;l~l:;l·~l:!·c.~.grr~~·&~· ~~1
It is not possible to clap with one hand.
224
o.~~·c.r·.tl~~·2fl
Lit.:
liberal
hand/
Sense
implied:
generous/spendthrift/extravagant ~ll)·CJ·~c:.('.I·Cfit~·~·3J·~Ff:.;.· ~·5r~~~ If one is not generous, people will not come to one.
OJ~'CJ.1\'.tl'W\~·~~·~f3.1:.'9'Q.f.1\l Lit.: If one has a piece of meat in the hand, the birds will hover in the sky/ Sense implied: If one has knowledge and wealth, others will gather around him. o.~~·~~·Q.:ilOJ·q~l
deserving to put into practice ~ll)·
~:i'1~·i{('.I·CJ~'~ll)('.l'~ ~ (',I'?:(I,!·CJ:.;. ·~·~ll)·
Cl!~·cii~·3~~~l to practice as much as we can ~('.1·~\l:l~ll)·CJ· ~5!('.1'~ll)·
implement
the
Cl!~·cii~·Q.~OJ·~~~l ways of putting into practice ~ll)·CJ·it~·~· ~ll)·
Cl!~·cii~·Q.(OJ·i!~l flawless practice ~~('.l·~c:.·ii~·~·~ll)·
Cl!9·~~·~·;f~~1
various crafts ~C:.'OJllj'JI('.I'\;.;{llj('.I'OJ'~fl('.I'CJ'~~~
He is skilfull in various handicrafts.
225
~c::c;.·c!)c;.·~l swaying! hanging 4f!Z3~·~~·C2.l·.tJ·C2.l~·~·~~·~·~~~·a.r '~'lla.r~~z:rr
Meats are hanging from the roof in the butchers'
shop. while standing ~-,·l'~·!·r:r~-r·Ql~'Ql~·c.r·&~t I have been awake since 5 0'clock.
a3C:.'a3C:.''fl
a3~-~~-~~·~c:.·~~·~~·3.T~~l ~~-~~-~~·3.!~~1 Lit.:
to join nine times even if something is broken nine times/ Sense
implied: to try again and again s·e~·i~·~z:rre~;e~·c.r.I\'Ql~'~~· .... ct,~·z~·Ql~·~~·~s~·~~-r·~~~ One has to try again and agian for the accomplishment of a great task. ~~·81c:.·i)~·'fl without any controversy or complaint
C2.l-r·.,-
Qlq·~~·i~·q"''~fa~'CI!C2.l'~·~·s~·~C2.l·i~·~~~~ It is very important to complete a work without any complaint
~~·!·1'4·~i[~·3.!F~·~·~-~~c:.·~~l Lit.: A son who killed his rather has his reasons to state I Sense implied: justifying one's wrong doings. a33.!'~~-{~-~~l Knowing how to retreat when one is on the wrong path/ Sense implied: to know how to confess Ql~'~.l\·{z:rr~-r~~·~r::~~~~ To avoid wrong path is wise.
a33.!'~~-~-~~~·~·~~l F'~~-~-~~~·~·i)~l Lit.: If one loses one's way, one can retreat, but if one says something wrong, it cannot be revoked/ Sense implied: This shows the seriousness of the situation when the wrong information has been conveyed.
226
Cl1~·it~·03~·it~·1 fasVquickly/ immediately tf~·&l~·C113J'~~·C113J' ~~·Jj~~o~·~·f'~·~~~l It is difficult to learn Tibetan fast.
03 ~·~~·Q·~~·9~·~·s~·~, ~t~~·;af~·Q·~~~·i~·~~~·~·~~, Lit.: If one has not committed negavities one need not fear even the court of Yama, the lord of death) Sense implied: There is nothing to be afraid of. a.t~·~~(l,f'')Q~·~r4~l
Lit.: To stand the test of the law of
karma) Sense implied: honest
~~·C11~t.~'"l'C11~to~'t:l.S]IIoi'~CJ~·
t:l.?4J:..·s~·~·~·s~·o.~~·~~~1 It is very good to perform one's duty that stands the test of the law of Karma (honestly).
03~·~~(1,f'Q~Iilil the infallability of karma ~~·c.~·l~~o~·C11~t.~'t:l.SJIIol' 1:3al'ii~·C11·D:i~·.ii~~o~·s~·c.~·~~1 Buddhists believe in the infallability of"'karma and its result.
03~·~~~~~·~~')1 continuation of the remaining work ~~~o~· C1111o!'"l'Q.~·a:fi~to~·3J·C11~to~·Q.~3J~~·3Js~·s~·~·D:i~1 I will continue this work next year.
~·~·~;·ja.tl Lit.: sheep following one another in a row) Sense implied: continuously one after the other ~il9~~o~· ~C11·2:~~o~·o~·~9·~;~~~;~·c.~·C11·Sl~;~~~o~·.l1~~o~·~·ZZ1·~~·~C11·9~~·~~~~o~·l;!·w~1 One should strive co'htinuosly for various means in odrer to fulfill one's aims.
~~·~aft::~"103'~~·s·.tl·~l'~·l Lit.: to hang sheep's head and sell dog's meaV Sense implied: to play at fraud or to
227
deceive cr~·~·'SJ:Il·e·ila·~~·~.,·~·~l:ll·~~I:J"lQJ'~.,·~·~·~lc.·~;J·~c.· J:ll~J:11·1;1·~~~ The Chinese policy on Tibet is like hanging or showing a sheep's head and selling dog's meat
~~·~"-·~·l'~l Lit.: to lose a sheep and obtain a horse/ Sense
implied: good bartering' gain profit ~·s~:~·~·~l:ll·~~·~c.·~!'~·~;J· il~l It does not matter if you lose a sheep for a horse.
~~~·&~~~·s~·~@j~
lawful and honest
QS.,.,.~l:ll.,.~~~·sc.·
J:ll~l:ll·s~·~·i!-i!-a.r·J:Ilry~·~:~adij'c_·~·~~~ One will get a good reputation if one works honestly and lawfully.
~~·~~·~~·~·~?J~·~~·r Lit.: A small leader of a small village/ Sense implied: A big fish in a small pond/ One is trying to be overly bossy in a small village. ~~·r.r~·tll·~~·~~~·~l &J'&~·~·tll·~~·~~~·~l Every region has its own dialect and every priest has his own religious tradition.
~~·~~·~~·&~·~~~l
Lit.: like a body and shadow/ Sense
implied: inseparable or always together ~·~c.·~s.,·s·~.,·"c.· ~~;~·~·~;~~~·~·§c.·~:~·&l~l Good amd bad deeds are followed by corresponding effects like a shadow following the body.
~~·~~·f3&!~·1~~l
physically and mentally fit/ well and
good c.·~.,·~;~~·~~.,·)c..,·&l~l I am fine.
228
~~03·~· ~·il~·~J:.·~~c:.·a.t·s~p:r~FfJ:.·~~·il~l There is no reason to have dark spots on your face if there is no physical disorder.
at~~~~~'~.~S~l
Lit.: analysis of good and bad/ Sense
implied: wisdom for analysis/ intelligence cil~~-~·-r~sr~s~· ~~·~:~a·il·~c.·~~~~-~~~1 One should accompany a man of intelligence. Cl~t~r~~~s·~s~l Lit.: to distinguish good from bad/ Sense implied: examine, probe, investigation, distinction,
difference ~t~·fc.·~-~"'-~"'·ci!~"'-~"'·~s·~s~-~~"'·~:~·&l~t There should be a distinction between good and bad from the administrative side.
Cl~ti!'~Ol·~tl!·~~~
Lit.: to increase goodness and avoid
eviV Sense implied: correction ~lll~~Df~·t.~~·il·~5.1"l'~'Cl.l"l''ll"~·
cill!j"!'ifo.s·~"'·~~l!l'Sl~-&l~l The duty of responsible people is to promote correct behaviour and stop immoralities in a society. at~·~c:.·'!·at~·~c:_·1 whether one accepts or not IS~'J\C.'~"l·ci!~· ~C.'5.1'cit~·~c.·c.~·~"l'~"l·~o.s·t.~·w~l I offer it to you whether you
accept it or not
af~~·ff~·~c:_·~~·(QJ\·~~· Lit.: To be medicine for a hundred years and become a poison at death/ Sense implied: Very helpful for a very long time and just the reverse at the last moment.
229
ar'Cif~·~·t::t~~l every year ~·ar~~·~·q~~·~i·~~~·~·~f~·~~~ Every year I go to Bodhgaya.
ar~eraft::t~~l year after year/ continuously ~~·~~·z·'(~-.r·cr~· ar~-.r·afq!~·~·~,~·~-.r·qeq·~·or~·~-.r·:r·Q'~ •!·~·~·~~, The inner realization cannot be generated so easily even when you strive for years after years.
af~~~-~~~·q~031 Lit.: increasing crops and cattle/ Sense implied: A very good year in which there is good harvest and animal breeding.
af!l~·qs~·c:~;t::t~t Lit.: the leaves covering the fruits/ Sense implied: too much writing spoils the meaning ~~·~·af
~-.r·~~·~·~!;Jlii'S'~·qiql\I'CI'~~lllf Do not let too many words obscure the meaning like leaves covering fruits.
ar~·c:~~·t::!Cifti.T'~~·F33~·~~331 Lit.: Even the blind can see the three realms) Sense implied: Something that is well known to all.
230
~·~3.1·~tq·~3.1l
Lit.: skinny and dry bones/ Sense implied:
weak and feeble [Qc:. ·~~·~"·~·~~·~·+1·~~·~~·~!.1·~·~~~·'3~ '""1~· a.r~·e3!~1 He worked hard for the Tibetan cause until he became skinny and skelet.
~·15·~·£!3.1l Lit.: letting the soup absorb into meat) Sense implied: to put into an intended use ~~r:.·~·"~a.r·~~c:.·~·~~· ~·~~r:.·q·~·+j'jS'+j'S~'§c:.·q·~"l Using government money for govemmental projects is just like letting the meat soup absorb into meat. ~·s~·q9tq'S~l Lit.: To have taken away meat as well as
skin) Sense implied: to take away everything ~J'iJ~·~"·~~· +!·s~·CJ~~·s~·s"·cr~"l The Chinese took away everything from Tibet.
~'f.:l9'~~·ql blood lineage/ progeny il·~~~·~~~·z;j~·iJ·ffic:.·~~·+!· ~
"'
..... People of one race have the same blood
(S~·~o~·t.~~·~"'CJ'~"l
lineage or progeny.
~·~t:,·~9·~t:.·3.1~·~t:.·~~l butter is medicine.
Stale meat is poison and rancid
231
+J"-rl31·3l~·~gl31'-fl Lit.: to add butter to meat' Sense implied: to give help to those who do not need it ~~·?.f~·~~"'·J:..sr §~·~~r~·4l·'t~·JJJ:.."l::!i~"~·s~·~~·~~·ttl~t To help the rich man is to add butter to meat
+J·-r~·~f.f"-r.\\l
Lit.: dispersing of flesh and bones/ Sense
implied: to destroy completely i:t·J:..·~~~·~~·~·~·~~·JJ· 'eye af'll:..·!·iJ"'·4l·'tJ:..·~"'·'tJ:..·~·~;~;~·~;~·~~~
All the monks of Sera Monastery were completely destroyed by the Chinese in 1959.
~·~·~~-~~·~~~·~~·l Lit.: the energy of a stag and the pace of a male antelope/ Sense implied: an example of strength ~~~·~~·~~·~·4l·~·~~·~~·~~~·~;~~·~st Youth has the energy of a stag and keeps the pace of a male antelope.
+J" i:,· ~·31~l31·
appearing very affectionate/ pretending to be
very affectionate s·iJ"'·4l·~·~·JJ~~·fl·?.fs~·~~·~~~l~~~ There is nothing to feel happy about the seeming affections of a girl.
+J" i:,· ~31·~l31·
pure love ~a,·41~·~"'·4l·~·~JJ·~~·'t~·~·~J:..·l::!~l::!"'"~·f4~·
't~"!·~~·?.f~~·~~~ It is of great service if teachers teach out of
pure love for the children.
+J·i:,~·F"
232
+1'~~·~.1\.·~~l Lit.: unavoidable love/ Sense implied: sincere loyalty ~·if~·~~~·OJ·~·~~·~~·it~·t.1f~l I have sincere loyalty to the Tibetan government "llc:.~·~3c:.~·~~ prominent nose ~~.,·~a~l'l·iJJ't-cr~·iJJ~~·cul~· ~~·i;~l A prominent nose is a noble size.
+1''91:J'~c::nNI:ll Lit.: to hide in the east and west' Sense implied: to hide everywhere iJ·~i:!~·iJJ~~·~·~~·~e~·~~·~·~e~· ~~·~·~·~~~·~t~·~e~·~·i;~l Wherever the murderer is hiding, east or west, one day he will be caught.
~·~~·~·~·~·~~~l Lit.: to chant the Mani mantra in rush on one's death-bed! to do something at the last moment~ ~~·iJJ·~·~-~~~-g~-~~-~<~~·l""l~·~c:.·l It is not of much use to recite
the Mani mantra in rush on one's death. ~-~-X:~;l to weep like anything/to cry to death il·r:,~·~-iJJ~~-~ ~·~·~~-g~·~r:,·~<~~·l""ll'l'S~·~·iJJ·i:~l Even if you weep like anything for help, evil persons will not care. ~''?aJ'X:'?
~~"1 ~-~~-~"ll'l'Cl'~'~OJ·~~OJ'CI~I;l~·~~"l He was very busy last night and this morning he slept like a corpse.
~·~s~·X:~s~l to settle at one place for a very long time
although one does not like it (mainly due to service) if~·
233
il·;{~·a.r~·.,·~c:.'~ll\.·~·~sll\.·~~9li\.'9~·Q·~~~ Tibetansmostlystick to their first job for a very long time.
~qr~·ar9~·~~·~~·qq·~·1:31
Lit.: Hoping to obtain sinew
from a louse/ Sense implied: empty hope ~~~=-·~~·~c:.·a.r·~· ~~ll\.·~·~·~-~~-~-aY~~-~~-t~·Q~·~·~·s~·Q·~c:.·~i~·Q·~~~ Expecting peace and happiness in a communist country is same as expecting sinews..from a louse.
~9·arl:l~l:l·~~-9~·1:3q·s·~~·1 Lit.: even if a louse crosses the neck, it is (still) at the other side of the collar/ Sense implied: one cannot go too far ~9·i.t~·:c;~~1 Lit.: conling of a louse in between one's nails/ Sense implied: to verify or prove ~c:.·~-~~~·~a.r·~-~~~·Q·&l~· Q~-~~-it~·ll\.l~·s~:~·i!c:.·t His information has been verified as truth.
~9·9if~·q~·~·~·~s~:~·~9'~1
Lit.: There is no need to brandish an axe to kill a louse. Sense implied: unnecessary action
~~·1·~~1:3~·~~9~1 planting plants ~ll\.·~~·~c:.·f~·~-~~·~·~c:.·~· ~~~~-t:l.~~~-s~·Q·~~~ Planting plants is being carried out for the environm'ental protection.
~~·K·I:l·~·~ar~·af~·~-~~1 Lit.: If the root of a tree is not rotten, the leaves won't dry upj Sense implied: If the root of anything is not spoiled one day it will come up. 234
~c::~.a~·q~tq"q!·~~nr~a.tl Lit.: to let good wood spoil under its bark/ ~ense implied: For eg. burying one's knowledge and skills uselessly.
~~·~a-"F"~'~~·Cfl·~lq"clf~·&~~~-it~l Lit.: A skillful carpenter need not be a good artist/ Sense implied: One need not be skillful in every field. ~~-i.T~-~~·a.t·~-~~ Lit.: A wooden saw cannot cut wood/ Sense implied: Persons of equal rank cannot control one another. ~~"!·it~-~~"1'('&~1 to boast of strength though one lacks it ~r:::it -e~~-~~-z:~~·-e~~-~SI·!·~s~ What a pity ! He boasts of strength he lacks.
.?103·~-~~·~·ii"~·ii"~ Lit.: A momo in a glass show case/ Sense implied: attractive but of no use !a.J·Cia·!:J~·a.r~l"~· ~r::,~-~~-~-~QJ·~·~c:,·~·il~·il~·~r::.·~~~·z:~·~~~ If a prince is not able, he would be like a momo in a glass show case.
.
""
~:~·~:~s·l.ll"~·q;r::.·c:r~~~
Sixteen intelligent Tibetan boys were sent to India with the minister, Thonmi Sambota.
.i1"~'!J'&~i"~·!J1 extent of knowledgeable and observation ~~· !'Ri'"r::.·e·~·~~·i·~·~r::.·~~·z:~·~~~ It is good if the extent of knowledge and observation is great.
235
~~· ~·Ff~·~c:.~l wise and broad-minded !O.Z·f3c:r~·&:)s·~&:)·~·Jll'l·ci· o.z·f!.Q]·u.zz=.l'!·za·&l~t The head of a nation should be wise and
broad-minded.
~~·~~~·z:J~~·~~~ pretending to be knowledgeable and honest Jl·a ~·~·~l'I·Jll'I·3J~~·q~~·3J~I:'rs"·~·~"' The hypocrites will pretend to be knowledgeable and honest. ~~·~~·~·.%,z:J~l educated and decent i{t:~·'JJ·u.z~·~·jfq·~~·~3Jl'I.Jll'l· ~~·u.z·~ql'f·~·~~~·~z=.·t The students from good schools are well educated and well behaved.
~~·~~·f~~·l~l
to the extent of one's knowledge and
ability t=.l'l·~z=.·~·Jll'l·~l'l·f~l'l·~"·s"·~z=.·o.z·~~l'!·za·s&:)·~·&l~t I will extend my help to you according to my knowledge and ability.
~~·Q.s~·~~~·~~~l Lit.: One who is low in educational standard and efficiency/ Sense implied: Used for an expression of one's humbleness ·concealing one's knowledge and experience. ~~·~~·~~·~c:.·l
stupid and dull Jll'l·il&:)·!ll&:)·~z=.·~·~l'l·z=.o.z·!o.z·3J·
~~~l'I.S&:)·Il·~ql Stupid and dull people cannot do anything except manual work.
~~·z:J~~·~~·Q.~c:.·l Lit.: to take poison knowingly/ Sense implied: to risk danger knowingly/ ~3Jl'I.~&:)·Cfi!&:)·~l'I·Jll'l·
236
z::l~~·~·~l:l]·o.~=. ·~~·~~~ There is a danger of taking poison knowingly when one is not happy.
~l'rw~·2!~·j~l
use of education and learning ~~·ifz::.·z::~•z::.·Q
~~·~·~(If·~~·Q~·f~·~I:IJ·Q-~z::~·~·~~~ One can utilize well one's knowledge and learning if one has a good motivation.
~(q·w~·CJ(q3J"
Sl
intellectual thinking' love for education/
interest in learning J1(1f·~~·z::~(lfJrf~~·C~~·ll·a.r{(lf·s(lft Discuss and get suggestions from intellectual persons.
~(q·w~·ifC!·Jt::.·l knowledge and learning ?S"~·~I:IJ·~SI(If·~·J1(1f·~~· ifz::~-Jz::.·~~·?;~·Cl~·i[z::~·~·aii:IJ(If"~·CJ~I:I]~·Cl·~~~ Separate Tibetan schools were opened for educating the Tibetan Children.
~~·~·~3.3·.a~l
Lit.: paper absorbing oi.V Sense implied:
permanent mark
{I:IJ(If·Q-~I:IJ·~I:IJ·"~"·~·s~·~·f~·z::.~·~I:IJ·s·!".
... - l:l" .a~·z::~~~·~·t:~.l:l](lf";;i~~~
If one accompanies a bad friend, one will catch bad habits, as permanent a mark as a paper absorbing oil.
~~·~·~t::_·q~~l Lit.: A paper being carried away by wind/ Sense implied: easily carried away by rumours
l:l]~(lf·~a.r
~SI"lli:I]"~I:IJ·s·~=-·~~·~=.·z::~~~·l:l]~=-·il·~=-·1 One should not be like '0 a paper carried away by wind as soon as news is heard.
~~·~~·~4q·:t3.3l Lit.: taking a paper for a cloth/ Sense implied: Pretending to be what you are not.
237
~~·~l3'1·~r..·~(f;r..~l Lit.: to inflate a paper bag' Sense implied: fo provoke someone against others.
~~·~~·~~s·~%~
l:!"l~·~:~~~·~~s·~%~
Lit.: scolding to
death/Sense implied: to rebuke or scold terribly.~·~~·~~· OJ~~·~~·~·OJ'CI"l~·~:;~~~·~~s·~~~·~~~ ·~~·1 Yesterday the teacher rebuked him and me like anything. l:!.tl~''9J'~~~~
A good centre of metaphysics Cl.tJ~·9J·~~·~~:;~·'3J·
~~~·~QJ·~·~~·~~~·r:r~~~ A centre of metaphysics and meditation are equally important.
1:1-tl~·~:~~·~e.Ol·~:~~l easy to talk to and meeV accessible ~·~· ~~·f~·~:.~·OJ·~~·~·CI.tJ~·~:;~~·~~~·llile.OJ·~:;~~·~a!\~~1 Our Director is very easy to meet and talk to.
1:1-tl~·~~~·~ry~·~~~l A person with whom one gossips/ companion/ friend ~~·~~·~:;~'-9~·~l:!J~·~ryllil'~l:!J~·t~-~l:!]'~l:!J~~rr~~~ He is a very good friend with whom I can discuss things.
1:1-tl~·~·~·~?;~·~·~~~·;.,l Lit.: Scolding one's daughter is a subliminal remark on the bride.) Sense implied: An indirect hint.
l:!.t103'1:!-t103'1:!ryC..'I:!l
to rinse/ to gurgle (e:g. mouth) ifllil~·f~·~·
Cl.tJOJ'CI.tJOJ'Ciry~·~~~~ Please rinse the milk pot.
238
f.T"~f.T·~~f.T~ Lit.: .. where soils and stones have come about/ Sense implied: A place where one is born.
f.T"~Ff~·f3!·~·~~~~·~~~~ Lit.: Pebbles popping-up on a levelled ground/ Sense implied: A miscreant among peaceful people. f.T·~rs~·~~~·~c:.·~~rs~·!f.T~ Lit.: damp ground as a mattress and a cold rock as a pillow/ Sense implied: To have endured hardship. ll·a.r~~=:~z:~:::~~·s~·~·~rs-9·'9~~·~~-~~IS-9'
~~·~·s~·~aff.T"t:.rtN~~ When one does not have freedom, one has to endure many hardships. f.T"~~·t:!"l~·tc:.·~ The four different Buddhist lineages in Tibet, viz., Sakya, Gelug, Kagyue and Nyingma. f.T"3!~c:.~·~3!~C:.li.Tl Lit.: To jump over land and rocks/ Sense
implied: excitement ~~·ll·:t~·rt!J·q~;·~:::.·v~aJ·~·~~·~.i·31e.a.r ~~·~·~l':::.~·~~l':::.~·gt~rif:::.·l The Tibetans jumped with joy at
the sight of His Holiness the Dalai Lama in the film.
f.T"3!l'c:.~-~~3!·~l'c:.~1 Lit.: To jump over land and in space/
Sense implied: overjoyed. f.T"~~·t:!f.T~~·~·~·~t;~~ A collection of soils forms Mt. Meru/ Sense implied: Small things make great things.
239
~· ~ ~ ~r ~·"(~ local "~' -9~"'· "'·l'z:rr~· ~,~·c:. ClJ'itelJ· ~·~· "~' -9~"'· •-rl'-9·~r ~~~·~·Clffll'~-9~·~~~ It is the duty of the local officer to solve the local problem.
~·~r~z::r t~1 just before dusk (Q'"~C:.'C:.'fll''&r~z:ns3.1·Clf·c:Jijc:Jfii'Q'W~! Yesterday I reached home just before dusk.
~·~·~z:::~·af~·~~·z:::~~·~~~ Lit.: To use a lamp before dusk) Sense implied: Too early to do something. ~·~t~·'(~t~·l
Lit.: Clean earth and clean rock) Sense
implied: Clean areas. "'C:.fll'~"~·~·~·c:J~~·~·-9~"~·i~·f-9'~·"'·-9tr::: ~-9tC:.'ClJ"''~z::l·Q·~~1 The Buddha statue is made of dean soils and rocks from the great holy places.
~·~~~·r.l.~·o.~·r.l.~·~~~·~~·~~·~f~·s·o.~·s·~~~l Lit.: Insects on earth have their company and birds in the sky have their company J Sense implied: Everyone must have one's company ~·2(~·~~·53~·
Lit.: To weave silk underground) Sense
implied: To plot a conspiracy, to instigate. ac:.·~r§-9·~·"~·~-9· ~:l\'£l'!]'l-o.s~·§c:.·c:r~~~ The riot was caused by underground instigators.
~·w~·~·w~·l whosoever ~·&l~·~·t.LJc:.·c:."'·~·-9'i~·z::~~-9·~·&l~t I will challenge whosoever it might be.
240
~r~c.nr~t:tl semi-dusk time, at about dusk c:.~·~.ra3ll]~qz:r(ll~:~r 3.1'~crt3.1'a3'~C:.·~·i!CJ(Il'~C:.'l My father came home yesterday at about dusk.
(q'~'S!IC:.'~(qClfl Lit.: The linings of earth are clear on the ground) Sense implied: No matter what one says, one's deeds are obvious through one's actions) Very clear.. (q'~~
Lit.: ·The remains of earth and stones) Sense
implied: ruins ll]~(ll·.i~·fll)'~·(ll·q:~~·~~c:.·(llc:_'!'l!J~·lll~c:.·~· l:lli)ll)'~l:l~~·~·tN'li)·~ll)l Today government of India takes care of the ruins of the great holy places.
(q'Clf(q'~Clf(q'l
Lit.: Soil and stone work.J Sense implied: Manual work such as working in a construction of a house. ~l!J·~·~·~c:_(ll·~CJ(Il'Cfll)·il·~(ll·(ll·a3(1l''("a3(1l'~c:.·~c:.·s~·c.t·~ll)l
In 1960's Tibetans worked only as manual workers.
(q't:I.Jl~·~t:t'-9~1 senseless talk
~~·~li)'l:li!c:.·?f~·~·l:l*lll)''("l:l*lli)'C:.C:.'
l:l~a3·~·~ll]~·~r~ll)l It is foolish to spend one's good time in
senseless talk.
(q'9(qC:.'~9(qC:.'1 Lit.: Secret soil and stone) Sense implied:
extremely secret i.fc.t·t:l.E:~·CJ~c:.·~CJ·~·~·l!J~c:.·'("li]~C:.·~~·§·~ll)l If spies are arrested matters of utmost secrecy would be disclosed. (qc:_·~~C:.(q'9~C:.(q'~~C:.(ql
Lit.: delaying for tomorrow and the
day after tomorrow.) Sense implied: Procrastination a3(1l'
241
"r~z::.·~~z::.~·"l~z::.·~~z::.~·s~·~·~:.:.·~·fll:IJ·?f~~~ finish a task if one procastinates.
f.!t:..·~·lJl~t:..f.!"~1
It is difficult to
Lit.: Dying tomorrow or the day after
tomorrow) Sense implied: The uncertainty of death .. il· o.r·~e:"''11·~~·ij~·tz::.·~c:.·~·l:IJ~C:.e.r~·~~·~:;~./1~·s~:;~·z·~~~ Who can tell when one will die, tomorrow or the day after tomorrow, as humans are not clairvoyant. · f.!t:.."f.!t:.."lJl~t:..f.!"lJl~t:..f.!J
Lit.: Tomorrow and the day after
tomorrow.) Sense implied: Procrastination
f.!t:..f.!"~f.!·ar
''rr~· Lit.: to teach Buddha the alphabets/ Sense implied: Unnecessary and improper efforts
f.!t:.. f.!" ~f.!·~·~ Z:!~·Q·~~· Q~l ~Z:!~·Q·~· f.!t:.. f.!" ~f.!·~~· Q~1 Lit.: Hell is grateful to Buddha and Buddha is grateful to hell) Sense implied: Everything is interdependent or mutually beneficial.
~·Q:t:..·~.r~~l Who is better and happier .. il:~a·~c:.·~·~:;~.ac:.·~·~~· C:.(ll·~·s~:;~·~·~·~~~ I cannot say who is better and happier in their life.
~~f.!·~t:,.·~t:..·l &z:!lf.!"~~f.!·~t:..·~t:..·J meek, piously humble c:.a· ~"l~·Cfsl:IJ(Il·i;t~~·~c:.·~c:.·~~~
My friend is meek and simple.
242
~~·~;~·~~~~ Unassuming and modest scholars are very rare.
it5!~'~9'9tc:.·z:J~~l fully determined ?S'~·Il·~Zil·ft:.'l!'f'r:.l'lff~l\'t.!.~ !1\'.:t'flii'I!ZIJ'ZIJtt:.·z;Jo~·~~~ One thousand Tibetans were fully a'etermined to go to the United States.
it53~·~9·~·c:.~1 sad and mournfutll·~·z;J~'llll'~'.:t'flii'!Zil'5't:.~·~· Sl:ll'Slii'~~·GI~·i'ZIJlii'ZIJ~'CN~·~~~ It is of no use to be sad and mournful over the death of a person.
it5!~''45!'tN~' lil~l
sad and distressed ~·l'lll·~;,~·~'lll''f'~'f'CNt:.'
.:t'!lii'GI'f'W~·a;~·z;J~Zill~~~ feel sad and distressed.
We should never let our parents
i!5l~'I:J9'WC:.~·2SJ easy going or broad-minded .:t'!lll'z;JI:Il'CN~l\1·~ ~~·~'CJlii'"J'i~·~s~·sz;J·~·'~·~~~ One cannot perform a great job if one is not broad-minded. it5!~'Q.~CJ1 ~9~'Q.~C3l worry/ hesitation/ to be agitated CJl\1' "J't.!.~~·i'l:ll'CJ'.:tiijlll't.!.~z;J'I:Il~t:.·il·~~llll You need not worry about this task.
it5!~'Q.~CJ' §f'45ll nervous and hesitant il·sz;J·~t:.'f3''11lll'~lll'.:t'fl\l' t.!.~z;J·~~·JG!'l'~~·il·~·z;J~CJ'z;J'~~~ Some silly people spend their lives in hesitation and nervousness.
it5!~·-a9~'fj~'C31 To boost someone's spirits.) to encourage iz;J'Jt:.'CJ'.:t'fl\I'~ZIJlll'f!l\'z;J'~'I!z;Jl\I'CJ''lfllll'r:.l~·s·z;J·~~~ It is wise act 243
to encourage someone in/for studies.
il51~·~~·~l ~~~·il51~·~~·~l to admire/ to fall in love ~rif 11l"l"II"C2.1"!"'"CJ":filll"l"~~··"~·~;l beautiful woman.
A man falls in love with
il51~·~~·~~·CNz:..~l relaxed and easy going ~z::.·l:l'1it"~·~:.~·llc::.·i·"'· illl"l"{i""~l:l'1"u.!Z::."l"clli·~:.~·~;l Most of the villagers are relaxed and easy going.
il~·!·I!J~·~~~l Lit.: Monks and laity; old and young! Sense
implied: All people.. i!:.;:g·"!~·l:l'1~~·~c::.·ll·a.r·"''.!l"~"'·"'~·ci!l:l'1"'"~1 I wish Tashi Delek to all, monks and laity, and young and old.
if~51"51f ifl~l agricultural implements ~J"l:l'1:.;.·~·if'~ll·11ffc!."l"~Z::.· 11"1'1)'=~·~..,·!~·~:.~·~;1 All the agricultural implements in India are produced from industries.
if.a~·;~·~~· Lit.: It touches the palate when the teeth is exhausted/ Sense implied: Becoming older.. I
ifif~~~·~l alone/ one-self f3Z::."CJ"~~·if'if'l:l'1~1:1'1·~·a.r·"'il:ll"~·u.rl:ll·cr elf;·~;! It would be nice if the house is owned by you.
ifil-il-ifl
each and every/ one's! individually ll·~c::.·ll·if'if'if'
~·a.r"l""1"~~·~1:1'1·9;·~·~;1 his/her work.
Everyone will strive hard to do
244
~~r~·2·l'~l doubt/ qualm! suspicion Zl'J~c:.·~~·a.r·if~·~·i·l'~·~c:.·~· c:I"J~·~s·~·~~·q When one feels doubt over the meaning of a .text, one should ask.
if'J:.·if~:::~~·~~·~c:.·~:::~~~·~\
Cutting any of the ten fingers
would be painful.
~·~:::~~~·~~~·q~J:.l reliable and durable '.(&l·fc:.·~·~~-.r·~·c:~~~·
· ~Zl'l-.r·~:~;.·al~·~~~ Stone buildings are durable and reliable. ~·~:::~~~·q~J:.·~~l immutably firm ~-.r·~·~~·~~·~~·c:~o~·~~-.r·~·c:~~~· ~~:~;.·iJ~·dlc:.·l The pledges of great beings are immutably firm.
~·~·2.f~J:.'Q~~1
Lit.: A cannibalist disguised as a human./
Sense implied: The wicked pretending to be good .. 2S\
~·'fZl'J'!'~Zl'l·~-.r·~~·?fiJ:~;.·C3~-.r·~·~~·§-.r·C1!Zl'J'I:3~:~;.·s-.r·dl~1 The Chinese implemented the policy of a cannibalist disguised as human on Tibet. ...,
....,.,...,
~Q'ClJ'~~·r,'l
;;(,
....,.,
...,.,...,
C!\
0\
...,
.....
School-going age 1... c:.·C1!·ruc:~·a.r-.r~·c.t~·~·~·~'r,-.r·tN~·:~;.~l He has two children of school-going age.
i'~:::~·l:Jlif~ClJ'1l:Jl to advise and guide '4·~-.r·~Zl'l·~·:~;.c:.·~·~·~·C1!·fc:~· Zl'Jif~a.r·~Zl'l·~;c:.·cr~')l Parents always advise and guide their
children.
l:Jl~c:.·~·f9~·Q~l:J1~1 To hawk or disclose secrets everywhere ..
245
~Cl~"O.Slll"~'9~·'9~'9·~·'9lllr::.·~·fff&~·~~'9lll"~·il·'9~r::.·~·~·&l~1 One of the duties of spies is not to disclose secrets in the market place.
9~C:.."!9~·f9&J"z:::'1~9~1 To teach Tantra in a market place (sarcastic remark) '9lllt::."~'9lll"fff&~·~~'9lii"S~·~·~'9·Cl·~~·~·~1 It is a great non-virtuous act to teach Tantra in a market place.
9~C:.."z:::J"S"~l\1 disclosing a secret ll!llll"il·at;r::.·&~·&~~~·~ij~·~·l:lllllt::."~· s·~~·wr::.·&~~lll·ij~l There is no doubt that secrets will be disclosed outside if the members of the club are not friendly.
9~C:.."l\t::.."&Jfl~·~r:::..· ,Jf"·~·(;!fl~l One may be wise in keeping the secret but others are wiser in disclosing them . ...,.
...,.
9~C:.."z:::J"z:::J~&r~~·(;!·(5z:::J"~l
inconceivable secret
~
....,...
lllt::.lll"~lll·~·w~·
1~"il&~lll"o~·l:lllllr::.·~·~lll&~"~lll·il·s~·r:J·.t~·~'9·~~1 All qualities of Buddha are secret as well as inconceivable.
'9~2\·~·9~2\·~r:::..·l
brand new/ fresh r::.·~·a.sll!·rsr::.lii·ClJ· "1&1·~·
(!~· '9lll~"r.J"'9lll~·~r::.·'9~'9·~iJ~lll·~~'9 has been brought to our office.
A brand new computer
'9~2\·~~·~r:::..·~~~ neither new nor old .. il·fl".tllll"~'9·a:f-9·'9lll~·il~· ~r::.·il~·a.s·~lll~·~s~·r:J·~~l Some people like clothes which are neither new nor old. 9~ClJ"ClJ"&J"9~ClJ1
Lit.: neither clear nor ambiguous/ Sense
246
~z::r~~a·"jt:.'OoJ'~"i-~l:IJ·f·*l~·l:IJ~Oo3·aJ·~·l:IJ~"-~·~~l:IJ Some of the meanings in this book are neither dear nor ambiguous.
implied: dim
z:!]~~·c:~~~·Qj One who is skillful in the art of speaking. ~· ~·q·~l:IJ~c:_·q~~·~~·sl:l)·tN'~·~~~ The people from Lhasa are very skillful in the art of conversation. z:!]~~·s·~'I]~·~~~1
Lit.: To mix gold with sand.) Sense
implied: To have both good and bad together ..
z:!]~~·~·qz:!l'Ol'W\~r::.·~~·~;J';Jf~'Ol'fSt:l1 Lit.: Even though gold is beneath the earth, it shines in the sky. z:~]if~·t:J5~·;J~~·~-r~1 Lit.: To kill, beat and torture.) Sense implied; exploitation and murder ~·i:l~·i!i~·i:l·l'-1\·~~·;l:l)·~· l:!Jif'~·q~c:_·~"j-1\'l:l)'3~·q;r::.·CJ·~~~ The Chinese always exploited
and killed Tibetans.
z:~]if
Lit.: tea and biscuits/ Sense implied:
refreshment ~e:~·if~CJ·I:la·~~·~·l:!Jij""-~·e.·CJ~~-~l:IJ·~·~l:IJ·~~·w~l Refreshments are arranged after the function.
~if
c:!~~~-S~~·'I]~~-~~1 Practice of the accumulation of merits
247
and purification of non-virtues r:..a·a~·~·l;!{ql:l]{q's:_{q·~~{q·a.t~· t.\ll:l]'~ur~·~~~ My teacher is good in the practice of the accumulation of merits and purification of non-virtues.
t::!~~·~·~· t::!s~·~·~~·r Lit.: Too big to be killed and too small
to be beaten/ Sense implied: To be in dilemma with respect to punishing someone ~~·~·~t~·sz::r~l ~{q''J't::J{q~·~· ti;· t::~s=-·~·~r:..·t::~a·~Et·t::~~~~ ~·~{q·"'·l:ll·~·l:ll~r:..·~af{q·~~~ Even if one could catch the thief what sort of punishment could be given to him since he is a case of too big to be killed and too small to be beaten.
t::!~~·~·s~·~·~~·Qr
Lit.: unable to think and remember/ Sense implied: One who has no feelings/indifferent ....
C\ C\
.....
"::1.
One who is unable to think or remember anything, is called a stupid person. t::J{q~·~·s~l~~·'J~·~·"'l·ii)~''J':::~:r_l
t::!~~·c:_~·~~~·~t::!l
Lit.: an evil and cruel thought/ Sense
implied: wicked people ~·l"l:l]{q·~r:..·"'l·t::J{q~·r:..~·l:l]~l:l]·,t::~·g~·~· l:l]~~·~r:..·~s~·s·~·~~~ One cannot live harmoniously in a society with evil and cruel thoughts.
t::!~~·c:_~··~\~~l Lit.: evil thought and deed/ Sense implied:
wicked people
......,
...,
j:1
C\
!jt::l'~l:l]'~l:l]~'-11{q't:;J{q~'r:..~·s~·=-~·.t:l·~l:l]':;~~·~·~~l:l]
Some students are always engaged in bad thoughts and deeds.
248
f~·a.r:::~~~·~~rc::l't~~·~r::~·~r:_·cr~~r9t~~·~~tll'§t:_'l Due to the evil thought of destruction of the Chinese we had to fled our country.
t::l~&r2::r~~·~f!0Jl Lit.: putting the ideas into practice/ Sense
implied: to fulfil one's wish..
~"'~'t:_OJ'3J'~:::I·~·:::~t~~'l'i''l)·~~·
~~OJ·cN'r:_·~·fl"J''f~~~ If one does not work hard it is difficult to fulfil one's wish.
t::l~&r~~·(f;·Qj A very evil thinking person.) l't~~'C!'~'~'~"l·l :::Jtll'l'~"l·a!;·'fs~·~t~~·w~·"·~~~ A good practioner is never an evil minded person.
t::l~&J'Q'C:.~'Q'~'OJ'S~·~·f~'t::l'~t::l·r,p:_r::_·OJ·~f'~l Evil designs cast upon another will rebound oneself) Do unto others as you would be done by. t::l~&J'Q' ~ &.1'~~
pure intention CJl'l ~·::rc~, ~·~"l·~·l'"l'~l'l·OJl'l'"l'S~·~·
~~·~"1·~~:::~·~·~~~ One shall fullfil one's purpose if one works with a pure intention.
t::l~&J·§f~s~·~r::.~l the way of thinking/ attitude t::~l'l'!'f~~~· ~t:_l'l'tl>l'l)''fl'~·CJ~'~~·,i·CJ·W'~t People with good attitudes are happier.
r:::!~&J'~OJ·~[OJ·ii~l minunderstanding ~~"1·
unmistaken
thought/
without
f'=-·~l'l·~~·~~·CJl'l'I'~OJ·~(OJ·iJ~·"~~·~·
He knows about this without misunderstanding.
249
Q~ars~·i~·Qj moderate climate/ good climate ~E!c:.·a:Jz;·~·.t!J~"· ~~·a:r~Ffz;·"z;·t:::~~a.rs~·~"·Q-~~.tl]· Bangalore has a moderate climate throughtout the year.
Q~·~!ll~·~~·~c:.·l Lit.: to curtail one's budgeV Sense implied: economical t:::l~·~.tl]~·~~·~c:.·.tl]~t:.·~·"!·t:::l·.t!]%.t!]·arifz;·if!·t:::~~~·~c:.·
.. ....
.ti]"Z\~l
If one is economical, Rs. 500/- will be enough for one
month.
Q~!ll~"Qc~·Q~l\·!ll~~~ Lit.: The three-fold way of burning, cutting and rubbing (for experimenting with gold)) Sense implied: the correct way of experimenting .tl]iiz;·~·
~~·t1f~·il~·t:::l~.t!J~·t:::~o~·t:::~~z;·.t!J~"·s~·~·~~·~·~~~ Whether there is a mix-up with gold or not can be ascertained through the three-fold way of burning, cutting and rubbing.
-
'"' QruQ·r.rruQ"9'?l\l
study
and
training
( generally in
monasteries).~~~·~~·~c:.·~·t:::l~t:::l·~·ift:::~·.ti]~Z\·~~·t:::l~~·.tl]~t:.·~·"fl~r ~·m.tl]~·~·~~~ If one studies well and get trained properly in a monastery, one will become a good scholar.
QruQ·g·Q~.OJ~·~·Q~~·!ll~9.~!llr.t 1 A lesson learned is better than a hundred pieces of advice.
250
~·~Cf~·~~Cf~·s~·tll Lit.: To provoke gods and water-sprite./ Sense implied: To plea desperately to someone for help.
b'~f~9(l,11 · This word is friendJHallo! b~·ar"'-!1
used when you call your
Of course/ by all means/ no doubt
b~·aJ·Q·1t doll ~·~·ltrrcil·~~·1"o·l"'JQ] 1~:Q-g~·~·~~1
dolls.
251
Children like
Notes 1.
Edited by Barbara Nirnri Aziz and Matthew Kapstein, Soundings in Tibetan Civilization;
Proceedings of the 1982 Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Manohar Publishing, 2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
India 1985, pp.20-34. Stephan V. Beger, The Classical Tibetan Limguage, State University Press of New York, 1992, pp.191251. Losang Thonden, Modern Tibetan Language Vol.I & II, Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, Dharamsala, 1993. Tashi, A Basic Grammar of Modern Spoken Tibetan, Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, Oharamsala, 1990. Melvyn Goldstein With Gclek Rinpoche and Lobsang Phuntshog, Essentials of Modern Literary Tibetan, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt Ltd.,India, 1993. Melvyn C. Glodstein and l'Jornang; Modern Spoken Tibetan: Lhasa Dialect; University of Washington Press; Seattle and London. Lobsang Phuntsok Lhaphungpa: Textbook of Colloquial Tibetan, Revised edition, Manjusri Publishing House, New Delhi, 1972. Perna Chhinjor, New Plan Tibetan Grammar and Translation, 1993.
253