The Structure Of Matter

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Author: Mulders

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simple cubic

body centered cubic

face centered cubic

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Q/e = +1

NUCLEONS

Q/e = 0

p

n

proton

neutron

1

H=p H = pn 3H = pnn 3 He = ppn 12 C = 6p 6n 2

LEPTONS

e−

ν

electron neutrino

(atomic nuclei)

§t°s·

01 rsRdZ[Tbu}TbaYX`RTbZrz{kymzTWTWXOc ¸ÔmtZKÎRYr@e)R uvR '@¶sÒ²s»IcWX`\ A XwtmzRT {|rtc\^X`RYxtTbVZ[_mt\vXOZ mt"r@wsXP'5{|k8p

QSZ[\mtRdi8rt{ Z[TbmtYuv\^uvTSjP{|rsc:RaY_`\^XOuºp

1−10 days 10−100 days 100 dgn − 10 yr 10−10.000 yr naturally radioactive stable > 10.000 yr

Z N

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Q/e = +2/3

QUARKS

Q/e = −1/3

u

d

up

down

p = uud n = udd

3 colors

(nucleons) LEPTONS

e−

ν

electron neutrino

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e− right− or left− handed handed

ν

only lefthanded

π + = ud _ π =ud

(pions)

u

d

u

d

up

down

up

down

QUARKS e−

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ANTIQUARKS e+

ν

ν

positron neutrino

electron neutrino

LEPTONS

ANTILEPTONS

QUARKS Family 1

u

d

up

down

LEPTONS e−

electron neutrino

µ

−

c

s

charm

strange

muon

t

b

τ−

top

bottom

tau

Family 2

Family 3

νe

+ ANTIQUARKS

νµ neutrino

ντ neutrino

+ ANTILEPTONS

+ FORCE PARTICLES g graviton gravitation

γ

W

photon electromagnetism

+

Z0

W, Z bosons + weak force

W

−

G 8 gluons

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strong force

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