The Sea-Gull

THE SEA-GULL Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation

Anton Chekhov

PSAT is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE, AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved.

The Sea-Gull Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation

Anton Chekhov

PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved.

ICON CLASSICS Published by ICON Group International, Inc. 7404 Trade Street San Diego, CA 92121 USA www.icongrouponline.com The Sea-Gull: Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation This edition published by ICON Classics in 2005 Printed in the United States of America. Copyright ©2005 by ICON Group International, Inc.

Edited by Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. (INSEAD); Copyright ©2005, all rights reserved. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-497-01004-6

iii

Contents PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR .......................................................................................... 1 PERSONS REPRESENTED ................................................................................................ 3 ACT I ................................................................................................................................ 5 ACT II ............................................................................................................................. 29 ACT III ............................................................................................................................ 47 ACT IV ............................................................................................................................ 65 GLOSSARY ..................................................................................................................... 89

Anton Chekhov

1

PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR Designed for school districts, educators, and students seeking to maximize performance on standardized tests, Webster’s paperbacks take advantage of the fact that classics are frequently assigned readings in English courses. By using a running thesaurus at the bottom of each page, this edition of The Sea-Gull by Anton Chekhov was edited for students who are actively building their vocabularies in anticipation of taking PSAT®, SAT®, AP® (Advanced Placement®), GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT® or similar examinations.1 Webster’s edition of this classic is organized to expose the reader to a maximum number of synonyms and antonyms for difficult and often ambiguous English words that are encountered in other works of literature, conversation, or academic examinations. Extremely rare or idiosyncratic words and expressions are given lower priority in the notes compared to words which are “difficult, and often encountered” in examinations. Rather than supply a single synonym, many are provided for a variety of meanings, allowing readers to better grasp the ambiguity of the English language, and avoid using the notes as a pure crutch. Having the reader decipher a word’s meaning within context serves to improve vocabulary retention and understanding. Each page covers words not already highlighted on previous pages. If a difficult word is not noted on a page, chances are that it has been highlighted on a previous page. A more complete thesaurus is supplied at the end of the book; Synonyms and antonyms are extracted from Webster’s Online Dictionary. Definitions of remaining terms as well as translations can be found at www.websters-onlinedictionary.org. Please send suggestions to [email protected] The Editor Webster’s Online Dictionary www.websters-online-dictionary.org

PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved. 1

Anton Chekhov

3

PERSONS REPRESENTED IRINA ABKADINA, an actress CONSTANTINE TREPLIEFF, her son PETER SORIN, her brother NINA ZARIETCHNAYA, a young girl, the daughter of a rich landowner ILIA SHAMRAEFF, the manager of SORIN'S estate PAULINA, his wife MASHA, their daughter BORIS TRIGORIN, an author EUGENE DORN, a doctor SIMON MEDVIEDENKO, a schoolmaster JACOB, a workman A COOK A MAIDSERVANT The SCENE is laid on SORIN'S estate. Two years elapse between the third and fourth acts.%

Thesaurus actress: (n) player, actor, histrion, state, asset, assets. fourth: (adv) fourthly; (n) interval, artist, thespian, performer, Terry, wood, shearer, young, west. third, after part, common fraction, author: (n) writer, producer, founder, fourth part, quartern, second; (adj) creator, inventor, parent, originator, quaternary. architect, maker; (v) compose, create. laid: (adj) layed, lay, place, placed, put, ANTONYM: (n) reader. situated, arranged, determined, elapse: (v) go by, lapse, proceed, flow, dictated, hardened, ordered. roll, expire, pass by, slip by, fly, die, landowner: (n) landlord, laird, depart. landholder, proprietor, squire, estate: (n) land, order, demesne, rank, owner, Franklin, freeholder, abutter, domain, property, acres, substance, possessor, landed proprietor.

ANTONYM: (n) tenant. schoolmaster: (n) master, preceptor, pedagogue, headmaster, dominie, teacher, principal, educator, head, Lutjanus apodus, housemaster. third: (n) second, tierce, three, third part, terzetto, hot corner, third base; (adv) thirdly; (adj) triple, thrid, tertial. workman: (n) laborer, working man, worker, employee, hand, operative, artisan, working person, lather, mechanic, artificer.

Anton Chekhov

ACT

5

%I

[The scene is laid in the park on SORIN'S estate. A broad avenue of trees leads away from the audience toward a lake which lies lost in the depths of the park. The avenue is obstructed by a rough stage, temporarily erected for the performance of amateur theatricals, and which screens the lake from view. There is a dense growth of bushes to the left and right of the stage. A few chairs and a little table are placed in front of the stage. The sun has just set. JACOB and some other workmen are heard hammering and coughing on the stage behind the lowered curtain.] [MASHA and MEDVIEDENKO come in from the left, returning from a walk.] MEDVIEDENKO. Why do you always wear mourning? MASHA. I dress in black to match my life. I am unhappy. MEDVIEDENKO. Why should you be unhappy? [Thinking it over] I don't understand it. You are healthy, and though your father is not rich, he has a good competency. My life is far harder than yours. I only have twenty-three roubles a month to live on, but I don't wear mourning. [They sit down].

Thesaurus amateur: (adj) unskilled, amateurish, inexperienced; (n) novice, beginner, fan, apprentice, aspirant, dabbler, devotee, lover. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) expert; (adj) practiced, trained; (n) genius, virtuoso, specialist, master; (adv) paid. bushes: (n) underbrush, thicket, undergrowth, minor league. chairs: (n) seats. competency: (n) competence, capability, ability, fitness,

proficiency, faculty, power, expertise, mourning: (n) lament, lamentation, eligibility, efficiency, skill. bereavement, gloom, woe, memorial, ANTONYM: (n) incompetence. sorrowfulness, sadness, sorrow; (adj) coughing: (n) coughs, breathing out. grieving; (v) lamenting. don't: (adv) not; (n) taboo, prohibition. obstructed: (adj) blind, blocked, hammering: (n) beating, pounding, congested, impeded, impedite, foiled, pound, fagging, drudgery, needle tight, thwarted, stymied, frustrated, impassable. ANTONYM: (adj) hammer, defeat, knock, failure, British pound, Ezra Loomin Pound. unobstructed. ANTONYM: (n) victory. theatricals: (n) Melpomene and Thalia, harder: (adj) serious. sock, Thespis, acting, dramaturgy, jacob: (n) jack, James, Francois Jacob. buskin, cothurnus.

6

The Sea-Gull

MASHA. Happiness does not depend on riches; poor men are often happy.% MEDVIEDENKO. In theory, yes, but not in reality. Take my case, for instance; my mother, my two sisters, my little brother and I must all live somehow on my salary of twenty-three roubles a month. We have to eat and drink, I take it. You wouldn't have us go without tea and sugar, would you? Or tobacco? Answer me that, if you can. MASHA. [Looking in the direction of the stage] The play will soon begin. MEDVIEDENKO. Yes, Nina Zarietchnaya is going to act in Treplieff's play. They love one another, and their two souls will unite to-night in the effort to interpret the same idea by different means. There is no ground on which your soul and mine can meet. I love you. Too restless and sad to stay at home, I tramp here every day, six miles and back, to be met only by your indifference. I am poor, my family is large, you can have no inducement to marry a man who cannot even find sufficient food for his own mouth. MASHA. It is not that. [She takes snuff] I am touched by your affection, but I cannot return it, that is all. [She offers him the snuff-box] Will you take some? MEDVIEDENKO. No, thank you. [A pause.] MASHA. The air is sultry; a storm is brewing for to-night. You do nothing but moralise or else talk about money. To you, poverty is the greatest misfortune that can befall a man, but I think it is a thousand times easier to go begging in rags than to-- You wouldn't understand that, though. [SORIN leaning on a cane, and TREPLIEFF come in.]

Thesaurus befall: (v) bechance, become, happen, fall, arise, come about, occur, betide, chance, transpire, pass. brewing: (v) preparing, forthcoming, culinary art, brooding; (n) production; (adj) impending, destined, imminent. inducement: (n) enticement, attraction, cause, incitement, impulse, temptation, bait, impetus, occasion, motive, goad. ANTONYMS: (n) disincentive, deterrent.

miles: (adj) far. moralise: (v) moralize, preach, advocate, sermonise, preachify. rags: (adj) refuse, rubble, scourings, sweepings, trash, waste; (n) clothing, tatter, orts, odds and ends, dress. riches: (n, v) money; (n) affluence, abundance, fortune, opulence, plenty, prosperity, exuberance, treasure, resources; (v) gold. sisters: (n) sistren. snuff: (v) smell, kill, douse, slay, scent,

snuffle, bump off, smother, snort; (adj) tobacco, nicotine. sultry: (adj) hot, humid, muggy, oppressive, stifling, sticky, ardent, sensual, stuffy, sweltering, torrid. ANTONYMS: (adj) fresh, cool, cold, temperate, dry. tramp: (n) bum, hobo, beggar; (n, v) walk, trudge, vagabond, ramble, march; (v) roam, range, plod. ANTONYMS: (n, v) loyalist; (n) resident.

Anton Chekhov

7

SORIN. For some reason, my boy, country life doesn't suit me, and I am sure I shall never get used to it. Last night I went to bed at ten and woke at nine this morning, feeling as if, from oversleep, my brain had stuck to my skull. [Laughing] And yet I accidentally dropped off to sleep again after dinner, and feel utterly done up at this moment. It is like a nightmare.% TREPLIEFF. There is no doubt that you should live in town. [He catches sight of MASHA and MEDVIEDENKO] You shall be called when the play begins, my friends, but you must not stay here now. Go away, please. SORIN. Miss Masha, will you kindly ask your father to leave the dog unchained? It howled so last night that my sister was unable to sleep. MASHA. You must speak to my father yourself. Please excuse me; I can't do so. [To MEDVIEDENKO] Come, let us go. MEDVIEDENKO. You will let us know when the play begins? MASHA and MEDVIEDENKO go out. SORIN. I foresee that that dog is going to howl all night again. It is always this way in the country; I have never been able to live as I like here. I come down for a month's holiday, to rest and all, and am plagued so by their nonsense that I long to escape after the first day. [Laughing] I have always been glad to get away from this place, but I have been retired now, and this was the only place I had to come to. Willy-nilly, one must live somewhere. JACOB. [To TREPLIEFF] We are going to take a swim, Mr. Constantine. TREPLIEFF. Very well, but you must be back in ten minutes.

Thesaurus accidentally: (adv) incidentally, prophesy, provide, foresaw, predict, casually, fortuitously, by chance, see. howl: (n, v) cry, roar, scream, bark, coincidentally, adventitiously, shout, yell, bay, yelp; (v) bawl, growl, unintentionally, contingently, yawl. ANTONYM: (v) laugh. haphazardly, occasionally, inadvertently. ANTONYMS: (adv) plagued: (adj) overrun, inundated, deliberately, knowingly, purposely, snowed under, beleaguered, weighed unfortunately, correctly. down, obsessed, besieged, beset, constantine: (n) Constantine the great, overwhelmed. skull: (n) noddle, sconce, pericranium, Constantine I. foresee: (v) expect, forecast, anticipate, brainpan, cranium, head, upper envisage, previse, foreknow, story, shell, noggin, skeleton,

skullcap. swim: (n) dip, swimming, bathing, diving; (adj) rise; (v) hover, spin, drift, spire, plane, reel. unchained: (adj) unreined, unmuzzled, uncurbed, freed, unbound, unfettered, untied, unsubject, ungoverned, unenthralled, unenslaved. willy-nilly: (adv) irregularly, necessarily; (adj) haphazard. woke: (v) arouse.

8

The Sea-Gull

JACOB. We will, sir.% TREPLIEFF. [Looking at the stage] Just like a real theatre! See, there we have the curtain, the foreground, the background, and all. No artificial scenery is needed. The eye travels direct to the lake, and rests on the horizon. The curtain will be raised as the moon rises at half-past eight. SORIN. Splendid! TREPLIEFF. Of course the whole effect will be ruined if Nina is late. She should be here by now, but her father and stepmother watch her so closely that it is like stealing her from a prison to get her away from home. [He straightens SORIN'S collar] Your hair and beard are all on end. Oughtn't you to have them trimmed? SORIN. [Smoothing his beard] They are the tragedy of my existence. Even when I was young I always looked as if I were drunk, and all. Women have never liked me. [Sitting down] Why is my sister out of temper? TREPLIEFF. Why? Because she is jealous and bored. [Sitting down beside SORIN] She is not acting this evening, but Nina is, and so she has set herself against me, and against the performance of the play, and against the play itself, which she hates without ever having read it. SORIN. [Laughing] Does she, really? TREPLIEFF. Yes, she is furious because Nina is going to have a success on this little stage. [Looking at his watch] My mother is a psychological curiosity. Without doubt brilliant and talented, capable of sobbing over a novel, of reciting all

Thesaurus beard: (v) defy, dare; (adj, v) brave; (adj, n) hair; (n) whiskers, moustache, sloven, facial hair; (n, v) camouflage, disguise, mask. ANTONYM: (n) shaven. foreground: (n) front, scene, panorama, window, vista; (v) bring out, emphasize, highlight, cozy up, cotton up, accentuate. ANTONYM: (v) background. liked: (adj) popular, loved, favorite, preferred. ANTONYM: (adj) disliked.

reciting: (v) recite. scenery: (n) scene, prospect, panorama, landscape, outlook, nature, picture, vista, set, backdrop, background. sobbing: (adj) crying, weeping, weepy, tearful; (n) lamentation, shortness of breath, shit, prick, motherfucker, tear, lament. stealing: (n) pilferage, larceny, theft, steal, burglary, misappropriation, embezzlement, stolen, thievery,

pilfering, thieving. stepmother: (n) stepdame. talented: (adj) clever, gifted, capable, accomplished, proficient, apt, versatile, promising, ingenious, expert, competent. ANTONYMS: (adj) mediocre, slow, ordinary, incompetent, bad, clumsy. travels: (n) actions, expedition. trimmed: (adj) down, slashed, shortened, neat, mown, level, gelded, emasculated, demure, cunning, sly.

Anton Chekhov

9

Nekrasoff's poetry by heart, and of nursing the sick like an angel of heaven, you should see what happens if any one begins praising Duse to her! She alone must be praised and written about, raved over, her marvellous acting in "La Dame aux Camelias" extolled to the skies. As she cannot get all that rubbish in the country, she grows peevish and cross, and thinks we are all against her, and to blame for it all. She is superstitious, too. She dreads burning three candles, and fears the thirteenth day of the month. Then she is stingy. I know for a fact that she has seventy thousand roubles in a bank at Odessa, but she is ready to burst into tears if you ask her to lend you a penny.% SORIN. You have taken it into your head that your mother dislikes your play, and the thought of it has excited you, and all. Keep calm; your mother adores you. TREPLIEFF. [Pulling a flower to pieces] She loves me, loves me not; loves--loves me not; loves--loves me not! [Laughing] You see, she doesn't love me, and why should she? She likes life and love and gay clothes, and I am already twentyfive years old; a sufficient reminder to her that she is no longer young. When I am away she is only thirty-two, in my presence she is forty-three, and she hates me for it. She knows, too, that I despise the modern stage. She adores it, and imagines that she is working on it for the benefit of humanity and her sacred art, but to me the theatre is merely the vehicle of convention and prejudice. When the curtain rises on that little three-walled room, when those mighty geniuses, those high-priests of art, show us people in the act of eating, drinking, loving, walking, and wearing their coats, and attempt to extract a moral from their insipid talk; when playwrights give us under a thousand different guises the same, same, same old stuff, then I must needs run from it, as Maupassant ran from the Eiffel Tower that was about to crush him by its vulgarity. SORIN. But we can't do without a theatre.

Thesaurus extolled: (adj) decorated, dignified, exalted, elevated, adorned, emblazoned, inscribed. insipid: (adj) tasteless, bland, dull, watery, flavorless, uninteresting, vapid, savorless, boring, tame, humdrum. ANTONYMS: (adj) exciting, tasty, interesting, flavorful, spicy, lively, colorful, dark, bright, inspired, imaginative. peevish: (adj) fretful, fractious, morose, testy, irascible, moody,

ANTONYMS: (adj) generous, captious, petulant, cross, cantankerous, touchy. spendthrift, magnanimous, praising: (adj) praiseful, commending, extravagant. superstitious: (adj) superstition, false, praise, flattering, admiring, kind, complimentary, bestowing praise, groundless, eerie, irrational, eulogistic, commendatory, fallacious. vulgarity: (n) indecency, vulgarism, encomiastical. skies: (n) heavens, firmament, grossness, inelegance, crudeness, expanse. commonness, obscenity, rudeness, stingy: (adj) mean, miserly, avaricious, crudity, boorishness, indelicacy. ANTONYMS: (n) politeness, purity, low, penurious, skimpy, greedy, niggard, frugal; (adj, v) narrow, close. classiness, civility, taste, decency.

10

The Sea-Gull

TREPLIEFF. No, but we must have it under a new form. If we can't do that, let us rather not have it at all. [Looking at his watch] I love my mother, I love her devotedly, but I think she leads a stupid life. She always has this man of letters of hers on her mind, and the newspapers are always frightening her to death, and I am tired of it. Plain, human egoism sometimes speaks in my heart, and I regret that my mother is a famous actress. If she were an ordinary woman I think I should be a happier man. What could be more intolerable and foolish than my position, Uncle, when I find myself the only nonentity among a crowd of her guests, all celebrated authors and artists? I feel that they only endure me because I am her son. Personally I am nothing, nobody. I pulled through my third year at college by the skin of my teeth, as they say. I have neither money nor brains, and on my passport you may read that I am simply a citizen of Kiev. So was my father, but he was a well-known actor. When the celebrities that frequent my mother's drawing-room deign to notice me at all, I know they only look at me to measure my insignificance; I read their thoughts, and suffer from humiliation.% SORIN. Tell me, by the way, what is Trigorin like? I can't understand him, he is always so silent. TREPLIEFF. Trigorin is clever, simple, well-mannered, and a little, I might say, melancholic in disposition. Though still under forty, he is surfeited with praise. As for his stories, they are--how shall I put it?--pleasing, full of talent, but if you have read Tolstoi or Zola you somehow don't enjoy Trigorin. SORIN. Do you know, my boy, I like literary men. I once passionately desired two things: to marry, and to become an author. I have succeeded in neither. It must be pleasant to be even an insignificant author. TREPLIEFF. [Listening] I hear footsteps! [He embraces his uncle] I cannot live without her;

Thesaurus deign: (v) lower oneself, vouchsafe, stoop, descend, lower, grant, move, stoop to, allow, fall, come from. devotedly: (adv) affectionately, lovingly, zealously, faithfully, piously, fondly, religiously, passionately, enthusiastically, eagerly, dutifully. ANTONYMS: (adv) coldly, apathetically, unfaithfully, unenthusiastically, carelessly, disobediently. egoism: (n) selfishness, egocentrism,

self-love, trait, pride, vanity, egocentricity, egomism, narcissism, introspection, insensitivity. ANTONYMS: (n) selflessness, conformity. melancholic: (n) melancholiac; (adj) gloomy, atrabilious, dejected, melancholy, forlorn, mournful, sorrowful; (v) lachrymose, in tears, splenetic. ANTONYMS: (adj) happy, cheerful. nonentity: (n) nobody, cipher,

nothing, naught, cypher, nil, nonexistence, aught, zero, jackanapes, lightweight. speaks: (n) talks. surfeited: (adj) full, gorged, perfect, satiate, sick, impaired, overfull, made pregnant, jaded, impregnated, plenteous. well-mannered: (adj) courteous, mannerly, civil, respectful, urbane, well-bred, gentlemanly, good, genteel, gracious, ladylike.

Anton Chekhov

11

even the sound of her footsteps is music to me. I am madly happy. [He goes quickly to meet NINA, who comes in at that moment] My enchantress! My girl of dreams! NINA. [Excitedly] It can't be that I am late? No, I am not late.% TREPLIEFF. [Kissing her hands] No, no, no! NINA. I have been in a fever all day, I was so afraid my father would prevent my coming, but he and my stepmother have just gone driving. The sky is clear, the moon is rising. How I hurried to get here! How I urged my horse to go faster and faster! [Laughing] I am _so_ glad to see you! [She shakes hands with SORIN.] SORIN. Oho! Your eyes look as if you had been crying. You mustn't do that. NINA. It is nothing, nothing. Do let us hurry. I must go in half an hour. No, no, for heaven's sake do not urge me to stay. My father doesn't know I am here. TREPLIEFF. As a matter of fact, it is time to begin now. I must call the audience. SORIN. Let me call them--and all--I am going this minute. [He goes toward the right, begins to sing "The Two Grenadiers," then stops.] I was singing that once when a fellow-lawyer said to me: "You have a powerful voice, sir." Then he thought a moment and added, "But it is a disagreeable one!" [He goes out laughing.] NINA. My father and his wife never will let me come here; they call this place Bohemia and are afraid I shall become an actress. But this lake attracts me as it does the gulls. My heart is full of you. [She glances about her.]

Thesaurus crying: (adj, v) exigent, instant, pressing, urgent; (adj) insistent, clamant, imperative, blatant; (n) weeping; (v) weep; (adj, n) sniveling. disagreeable: (adj) nasty, offensive, uncomfortable, distasteful, cantankerous, cross, ungrateful, abhorrent, horrible, bad, painful. ANTONYMS: (adj) pleasant, friendly, amiable, inoffensive, acceptable, desirable, easygoing, happy, pleasing, sweet, nice.

enchantress: (n) siren, Delilah, fairy, cursory, precipitate, prompt. witch, occultist, woman, lamia, sibyl, ANTONYMS: (adj) unhurried, vamp, hag, sorceress. leisurely, considered, patient, fever: (n) malaria, delirium, pyrexia, meticulous, thorough. madly: (adv) insanely, furiously, heat, frenzy, feverishness, febricity, Bilious typhoid fever, Levant fever, sorely, frantically, wildly, devilishly, Hectic infantile fever, Typhoid fever. deadly, dementedly, foolishly, footsteps: (n) road, footprints, way, distractedly; (adj, adv) rabidly. ANTONYMS: (adv) sensibly, calmly, trail, path, track, footpath. gulls: (n) waders, suborder Lari. sanely, carefully; (adj) slightly. hurried: (adj) fast, sudden, speedy, shakes: (n) hangover, jitters, rapid, quick, swift, headlong, abrupt, nervousness, tension, anxiety.

12

The Sea-Gull

TREPLIEFF. We are alone.% NINA. Isn't that some one over there? TREPLIEFF. No. [They kiss one another.] NINA. What is that tree? TREPLIEFF. An elm. NINA. Why does it look so dark? TREPLIEFF. It is evening; everything looks dark now. Don't go away early, I implore you. NINA. I must. TREPLIEFF. What if I were to follow you, Nina? I shall stand in your garden all night with my eyes on your window. NINA. That would be impossible; the watchman would see you, and Treasure is not used to you yet, and would bark. TREPLIEFF. I love you. NINA. Hush! TREPLIEFF. [Listening to approaching footsteps] Who is that? Is it you, Jacob?

Thesaurus approaching: (adj) future, impossible: (adj) unimaginable, love. forthcoming, impending, imminent, insufferable, unbelievable, hopeless, looks: (n) aspect, countenance, oncoming, near; (adj, n) coming; (n, v) impracticable, impractical, expression, manner, complexion, approach; (adv) nearly, almost; (prep) inconceivable, unlikely, unthinkable, fashion, costume, garb. tree: (n) gallows, gibbet, stem, toward. unable, ridiculous. ANTONYMS: bark: (n, v) skin, yelp, snarl, cry, rind, (adj) feasible, achievable, pedigree, kurchee, quandong, poon, shout; (v) growl, roar; (n) bay, peel, manageable, bearable, attainable, on, platan, lemonwood, lancewood, crust. ANTONYMS: (n, v) whisper. tolerable, probable, hopeful, easy, lacebark. implore: (v) beg, beseech, supplicate, watchman: (n) lookout, sentinel, consistent. ask, conjure, crave, pray, importune, kiss: (n, v) caress, brush, embrace, sentry, warden, guard, watcher, touch; (n) osculation, salute, lip, Kiss security guard, keeper, caretaker, appeal, plead, solicit. ANTONYMS: (v) demand, grant, reject. of peace, kiss hands; (v) osculate, custodian, watchdog.

Anton Chekhov

13

JACOB. [On the stage] Yes, sir.% TREPLIEFF. To your places then. The moon is rising; the play must commence. NINA. Yes, sir. TREPLIEFF. Is the alcohol ready? Is the sulphur ready? There must be fumes of sulphur in the air when the red eyes shine out. [To NINA] Go, now, everything is ready. Are you nervous? NINA. Yes, very. I am not so much afraid of your mother as I am of Trigorin. I am terrified and ashamed to act before him; he is so famous. Is he young? TREPLIEFF. Yes. NINA. What beautiful stories he writes! TREPLIEFF. [Coldly] I have never read any of them, so I can't say. NINA. Your play is very hard to act; there are no living characters in it. TREPLIEFF. Living characters! Life must be represented not as it is, but as it ought to be; as it appears in dreams. NINA. There is so little action; it seems more like a recitation. I think love should always come into every play. [NINA and TREPLIEFF go up onto the little stage; PAULINA and DORN come in.]

Thesaurus appears: (n) appearing. ashamed: (adj) hangdog, guilty, embarrassed, sheepish, remorseful, regretful, bashful, disconcerted, contrite, chagrined; (v) dashed. ANTONYMS: (adj) proud, arrogant, unremorseful, unashamed, pleased, blatant, bold, happy, unabashed, unrepentant. commence: (v) begin, start, open, initiate, embark, institute, introduce, launch, arise, inaugurate, enter.

ANTONYMS: (v) finish, stop, terminate, complete, remain, relinquish. fumes: (n) gas, exhaust, exhaust fumes, smokes, smog, vapor, exhalation, steam, smoke, toxic waste, contamination. recitation: (n) reading, narration, narrative, description, rehearsal, lesson, account, practice, exercise, oration, explanation. shine: (n, v) light, sheen, flash, glitter,

sparkle, polish, rub; (v) burnish, gleam, blaze; (n) radiance. stories: (n) tale. sulphur: (n, v) sulfur; (v) brimstone; (n) s, atomic number, element, chemical element, mho, native sulfur, quebrith, reciprocal ohm, sec. terrified: (adj) afraid, frightened, fearful, panicky, panicked, aghast, timid, timorous, apprehensive, startled, alarmed. ANTONYMS: (adj) fearless, brave.

14

The Sea-Gull

PAULINA. It is getting damp. Go back and put on your goloshes.% DORN. I am quite warm. PAULINA. You never will take care of yourself; you are quite obstinate about it, and yet you are a doctor, and know quite well that damp air is bad for you. You like to see me suffer, that's what it is. You sat out on the terrace all yesterday evening on purpose. DORN. [Sings] "Oh, tell me not that youth is wasted." PAULINA. You were so enchanted by the conversation of Madame Arkadina that you did not even notice the cold. Confess that you admire her. DORN. I am fifty-five years old. PAULINA. A trifle. That is not old for a man. You have kept your looks magnificently, and women still like you. DORN. What are you trying to tell me? PAULINA. You men are all ready to go down on your knees to an actress, all of you. DORN. [Sings] "Once more I stand before thee." It is only right that artists should be made much of by society and treated differently from, let us say, merchants. It is a kind of idealism.

Thesaurus enchanted: (adj) bewitched, delighted, disillusionment. disobedient, willful, stubborn, knees: (n) knee. charmed, fascinated, rapt, contrary, wayward, dogged. magnificently: (adv) beautifully, ANTONYMS: (adj) flexible, spellbound, blissful, happy, enamored, possessed; (v) entranced. grandly, superbly, gloriously, amenable, irresolute, cooperative, ANTONYMS: (adj) disenchanted, majestically, gorgeously, easygoing, docile, biddable, unhappy. sumptuously, marvelously, agreeable, accommodating, idealism: (n) magnanimousness, wonderfully, fantastically, showily. malleable, gentle. ANTONYMS: (adv) poorly, modestly, trifle: (n, v) play; (adj, n, v) trinket; (v) nobility, immaterialism, mentalism, dally, fiddle, flirt, fool, frivol; (n) perfection, rose-colored glasses, badly, abysmally, simply, meagerly, nothing, triviality, detail; (adj, n) quixotism, optimism, incompetently. imaginationalism, ideality, greatness. obstinate: (adj) obdurate, inflexible, bagatelle. ANTONYMS: (n) reality, women: (n) sex, gentle sex. intractable, determined, inveterate,

Anton Chekhov

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PAULINA. When women have loved you and thrown themselves at your head, has that been idealism? DORN. [Shrugging his shoulders] I can't say. There has been a great deal that was admirable in my relations with women. In me they liked, above all, the superior doctor. Ten years ago, you remember, I was the only decent doctor they had in this part of the country--and then, I have always acted like a man of honour.% PAULINA. [Seizes his hand] Dearest! DORN. Be quiet! Here they come. [ARKADINA comes in on SORIN'S arm; also TRIGORIN, SHAMRAEFF, MEDVIEDENKO, and MASHA.] SHAMRAEFF. She acted most beautifully at the Poltava Fair in 1873; she was really magnificent. But tell me, too, where Tchadin the comedian is now? He was inimitable as Rasplueff, better than Sadofski. Where is he now? ARKADINA. Don't ask me where all those antediluvians are! I know nothing about them. [She sits down.] SHAMRAEFF. [Sighing] Pashka Tchadin! There are none left like him. The stage is not what it was in his time. There were sturdy oaks growing on it then, where now but stumps remain. DORN. It is true that we have few dazzling geniuses these days, but, on the other hand, the average of acting is much higher.

Thesaurus admirable: (adj) fine, outstanding, dazzling: (adj) brilliant, blinding, beautiful, great, commendable, splendid, glaring, vivid, stunning, lovely, good, creditable, dazzlingly, striking, sparkling, praiseworthy, worthy, grand. fulgent, resplendent. ANTONYMS: ANTONYMS: (adj) appalling, poor, (adj) dim, ugly, uninspired, unworthy, despicable, contemptible, unremarkable, unexceptional, detestable, dishonorable, rotten, gradual, abysmal, humdrum, dark. inimitable: (adj) unique, matchless, unimpressive, loathsome, low. comedian: (n) clown, buffoon, comic, particular, unrivaled, unparalleled, actor, joker, performer, jester, special, unmatched, supreme, entertainer, zany, comedians, unparagoned, exclusive, single. ANTONYMS: (adj) universal, jokester.

ordinary. oaks: (n) beech family, Castanopsis, Nothofagus, Lithocarpus, genus Quercus, Genera Castanea, family Fagaceae, Fagus, Fagaceae, chestnuts. sits: (n) sat. sturdy: (adj) strong, stout, solid, rugged, firm, mighty, robust, healthy, muscular; (adj, n) burly, brawny. ANTONYMS: (adj) flimsy, puny, fragile, rickety, slight, ramshackle, infirm, frail, feeble, delicate, soft.

16

The Sea-Gull

SHAMRAEFF. I cannot agree with you; however, that is a matter of taste, _de gustibus._ [Enter TREPLIEFF from behind the stage.] ARKADINA. When will the play begin, my dear boy? TREPLIEFF. In a moment. I must ask you to have patience.% ARKADINA. [Quoting from Hamlet] My son, "Thou turn'st mine eyes into my very soul; And there I see such black grained spots As will not leave their tinct." [A horn is blown behind the stage.] TREPLIEFF. Attention, ladies and gentlemen! The play is about to begin. [A pause] I shall commence. [He taps the door with a stick, and speaks in a loud voice] O, ye time-honoured, ancient mists that drive at night across the surface of this lake, blind you our eyes with sleep, and show us in our dreams that which will be in twice ten thousand years! SORIN. There won't be anything in twice ten thousand years. TREPLIEFF. Then let them now show us that nothingness. ARKADINA. Yes, let them--we are asleep. The curtain rises. A vista opens across the lake. The moon hangs low above the horizon and is reflected in the water. NINA, dressed in white, is seen seated on a great rock.]

Thesaurus blown: (adj) puffy, panting, swollen, horn: (n) car horn, antler, klaxon, winded, inflated, moving, high, cornet, French horn, ivory, foghorn, haughty lofty, late; (v) puffing and cornu, alarm, trumpet, arm. blowing; (n) blowen. nothingness: (n) nothing, void, curtain: (n, v) cover; (n) barrier, nullity, nihility, emptiness, drapery, blind, screen, mantle, mask, insignificance, nonentity, blankness, shade, pall, shroud; (v) hide. vacuum, cipher; (adj) nonbeing. gentlemen: (n) sirs, messieurs. ANTONYMS: (n) being, importance, horizon: (n) ambit, reach, purview, significance. pause: (n, v) halt, interruption, vista, view, perspective, prospect, skyline, arena, celestial horizon, adjournment, delay, respite, stop; (adj, n, v) rest; (n) intermission, gap; amphitheater.

(adj, v) discontinue; (v) hesitate. ANTONYMS: (n) decisiveness, continuation, start; (v) proceed. reflected: (adj) reflecting, reverberant, reflectent. seated: (adj) sat, sedentary. taps: (n) demise, bugle call. vista: (n) outlook, panorama, horizon, aspect, scene, landscape, scenery, picture, alley; (adj, n) view, perspective.

Anton Chekhov

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NINA. All men and beasts, lions, eagles, and quails, horned stags, geese, spiders, silent fish that inhabit the waves, starfish from the sea, and creatures invisible to the eye--in one word, life--all, all life, completing the dreary round imposed upon it, has died out at last. A thousand years have passed since the earth last bore a living creature on her breast, and the unhappy moon now lights her lamp in vain. No longer are the cries of storks heard in the meadows, or the drone of beetles in the groves of limes. All is cold, cold. All is void, void, void. All is terrible, terrible-- [A pause] The bodies of all living creatures have dropped to dust, and eternal matter has transformed them into stones and water and clouds; but their spirits have flowed together into one, and that great world-soul am I! In me is the spirit of the great Alexander, the spirit of Napoleon, of Caesar, of Shakespeare, and of the tiniest leech that swims. In me the consciousness of man has joined hands with the instinct of the animal; I understand all, all, all, and each life lives again in me.% [The will-o-the-wisps flicker out along the lake shore.] ARKADINA. [Whispers] What decadent rubbish is this? TREPLIEFF. [Imploringly] Mother! NINA. I am alone. Once in a hundred years my lips are opened, my voice echoes mournfully across the desert earth, and no one hears. And you, poor lights of the marsh, you do not hear me. You are engendered at sunset in the putrid mud, and flit wavering about the lake till dawn, unconscious, unreasoning, unwarmed by the breath of life. Satan, father of eternal matter, trembling lest the spark of life should glow in you, has ordered an unceasing movement of the atoms that compose you, and so you shift and change for ever. I, the spirit of the universe, I alone am immutable and eternal. [A pause] Like a captive in a dungeon deep and void, I know not where I am, nor what awaits me. One thing only is not hidden from me: in my fierce and obstinate battle with

Thesaurus flit: (n, v) dart; (v) flicker, fly, fleet, flutter, zip, flash, speed, flitter, run; (adj) stir. horned: (adj) cornuted, somm, horny, sharp, cuckolded, cornigerous, bearing horns, having horns. ANTONYM: (adj) hornless. mournfully: (adv) sadly, sorrowfully, glumly, woefully, unhappily, plaintively, grievously, funereally, dejectedly, dolorously, poignantly. ANTONYMS: (adv) cheerfully,

joyfully. Ciconiiformes, family Ciconiidae. putrid: (adj) fetid, rotten, malodorous, unceasing: (adj) ceaseless, incessant, corrupt, decayed, smelly, noisome, perpetual, continuous, constant, putrefied, bad, foetid, stinking. continual, everlasting, eternal, ANTONYM: (adj) fragrant. lasting, uninterrupted, endless. quails: (n) grouse, brush turkeys, ANTONYMS: (adj) acute, chickens, curassows, family intermittent, sporadic. unreasoning: (adj) irrational, Phasianidae, Galliformes, hoatzins, order Galliformes, partridges, unintelligent, unintellectual, Phasianidae. thoughtless, unreasonable, partisan, storks: (n) spoonbills, order vacuous, unthinking, unreasoned. unwarmed: (adj) unthawed, cold. Ciconiiformes, ibises, flamingos,

18

The Sea-Gull

Satan, the source of the forces of matter, I am destined to be victorious in the end. Matter and spirit will then be one at last in glorious harmony, and the reign of freedom will begin on earth. But this can only come to pass by slow degrees, when after countless eons the moon and earth and shining Sirius himself shall fall to dust. Until that hour, oh, horror! horror! horror! [A pause. Two glowing red points are seen shining across the lake] Satan, my mighty foe, advances; I see his dread and lurid eyes.% ARKADINA. I smell sulphur. Is that done on purpose? TREPLIEFF. Yes. ARKADINA. Oh, I see; that is part of the effect. TREPLIEFF. Mother! NINA. He longs for man-PAULINA. [To DORN] You have taken off your hat again! Put it on, you will catch cold. ARKADINA. The doctor has taken off his hat to Satan father of eternal matter-TREPLIEFF. [Loudly and angrily] Enough of this! There's an end to the performance. Down with the curtain! ARKADINA. Why, what are you so angry about? TREPLIEFF. [Stamping his foot] The curtain; down with it! [The curtain falls] Excuse me, I

Thesaurus advances: (v) access, approach. lurid: (adj) ghastly, grisly, gruesome, foreboding, terror. ANTONYMS: degrees: (n) degree, temperature, (adj) pleasing, welcomed, pleasant; loud, frightful, sharp, shocking, (v) welcome, want; (n) reassurance, compass rose, cardinal points. gaudy, sensational, hideous, horrific. destined: (adj, v) bound, fated; (adj) ANTONYMS: (adj) subtle, muted, fearlessness, confidence, security, predetermined, sure, inescapable, ease, calm. bland, dull, modest. glowing: (adj, n) enthusiastic, cordial, victorious: (adj) triumphant, intended, predestined, inevitable, passionate; (adj) burning, fervent, prepared, foreordained, appointed. successful, winning, jubilant, victor, ANTONYMS: (adj) unscheduled, blazing, flaming, fiery, dazzling; (adj, fortunate, lifted up; (adj, v) v) warm; (adj, adv) aglow. unlikely. triumphal, exultant, triumphing, on dread: (n, v) apprehension, fear, panic; ANTONYMS: (adj) pale, wan, top. ANTONYMS: (adj) beaten, (n) anxiety, awe, consternation, unhappy, unenthusiastic, derogatory, unsuccessful, failing, losing, alarm, trepidation, dismay, dispassionate, unwell. sorrowful.

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forgot that only a chosen few might write plays or act them. I have infringed the monopoly. I-- I--[He would like to say more, but waves his hand instead, and goes out to the left.] ARKADINA. What is the matter with him? SORIN. You should not handle youthful egoism so roughly, sister.% ARKADINA. What did I say to him? SORIN. You hurt his feelings. ARKADINA. But he told me himself that this was all in fun, so I treated his play as if it were a comedy. SORIN. Nevertheless--ARKADINA. Now it appears that he has produced a masterpiece, if you please! I suppose it was not meant to amuse us at all, but that he arranged the performance and fumigated us with sulphur to demonstrate to us how plays should be written, and what is worth acting. I am tired of him. No one could stand his constant thrusts and sallies. He is a wilful, egotistic boy. SORIN. He had hoped to give you pleasure. ARKADINA. Is that so? I notice, though, that he did not choose an ordinary play, but forced his decadent trash on us. I am willing to listen to any raving, so long as it is not meant seriously, but in showing us this, he pretended to be

Thesaurus amuse: (v) please, beguile, absorb, entertain, enjoy, disport, distract, delight, occupy, recreate, rejoice. ANTONYMS: (v) bore, dull, tire, annoy, anger, cloy, depress, weary, disappoint. decadent: (adj) effete, decaying, debased, wanton, depraved, dissipated, morally wrong, dishonest, selfish, dissolute, perverted. ANTONYMS: (adj) parsimonious, restrained, benevolent, good,

humble, kind, righteous, innocent, abstemious. egotistic: (adj) vain, conceited, egoistic, egotistical, egocentric, narcissistic, proud, arrogant, opinionated, selfcentered, haughty. ANTONYMS: (adj) selfless, unpretentious, modest, humble, reserved. raving: (adj, v) wild; (adj) frantic, delirious, furious, mad, insane; (adj, n) madness, distraction, rage; (n) rabid, delirium.

trash: (n) rubbish, litter, scum, garbage, refuse, rubble, debris; (n, v) scrap, junk; (v) destroy; (adj, n) trumpery. ANTONYMS: (n) valuables, sense, possessions, assets, fact; (v) renovate, conserve. wilful: (adj) headstrong, deliberate, intentional, knowing, designed, wayward, obstinate, willful, stubborn, studied, persistent.

20

The Sea-Gull

introducing us to a new form of art, and inaugurating a new era. In my opinion, there was nothing new about it, it was simply an exhibition of bad temper.% TRIGORIN. Everybody must write as he feels, and as best he may. ARKADINA. Let him write as he feels and can, but let him spare me his nonsense. DORN. Thou art angry, O Jove! ARKADINA. I am a woman, not Jove. [She lights a cigarette] And I am not angry, I am only sorry to see a young man foolishly wasting his time. I did not mean to hurt him. MEDVIEDENKO. No one has any ground for separating life from matter, as the spirit may well consist of the union of material atoms. [Excitedly, to TRIGORIN] Some day you should write a play, and put on the stage the life of a schoolmaster. It is a hard, hard life. ARKADINA. I agree with you, but do not let us talk about plays or atoms now. This is such a lovely evening. Listen to the singing, friends, how sweet it sounds. PAULINA. Yes, they are singing across the water. [A pause.] ARKADINA. [To TRIGORIN] Sit down beside me here. Ten or fifteen years ago we had music and singing on this lake almost all night. There are six houses on its shores. All was noise and laughter and romance then, such romance! The young star and idol of them all in those days was this man here, [Nods toward DORN] Doctor Eugene Dorn. He is fascinating now, but he was

Thesaurus atoms: (n) smithereens, Smither. preposterously, absurdly, senselessly; excitedly: (adv) passionately, (adj, adv) madly. ANTONYMS: (adv) feverishly, wildly, frantically, sensibly, solemnly, shrewdly, nervously, ardently, enthusiastically, prudently, responsibly, judiciously, eagerly, animatedly, fervently, carefully, rationally. cheerfully. ANTONYMS: (adv) idol: (n) fetish, deity, effigy, divinity, lifelessly, patiently, peacefully, graven image, image, hero, favorite, nonchalantly, indifferently, star, simulacrum, beloved. introducing: (n) introduction. despondently, unenthusiastically. foolishly: (adv) idiotically, romance: (n) love affair, fiction, story, ridiculously, stupidly, indiscreetly, figment, intrigue, affair, tale, vagary; (v) flirt, court, exaggerate. silly, insanely, injudiciously,

separating: (v) parting, partible; (n) division, separation, severance, unscrambling, unraveling, removal; (adj) separated, disjoining, graduating. shores: (n) coast, seaboard, seashore, shoreline. ANTONYM: (n) interior. wasting: (n) homicide, atrophy, slaughter, slaying, cachexia, assassination, cachexy, amyotrophy, carnage; (adj) consuming, consumptive.

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irresistible then. But my conscience is beginning to prick me. Why did I hurt my poor boy? I am uneasy about him. [Loudly] Constantine! Constantine! MASHA. Shall I go and find him? ARKADINA. If you please, my dear.% MASHA. [Goes off to the left, calling] Mr. Constantine! Oh, Mr. Constantine! NINA. [Comes in from behind the stage] I see that the play will never be finished, so now I can go home. Good evening. [She kisses ARKADINA and PAULINA.] SORIN. Bravo! Bravo! ARKADINA. Bravo! Bravo! We were quite charmed by your acting. With your looks and such a lovely voice it is a crime for you to hide yourself in the country. You must be very talented. It is your duty to go on the stage, do you hear me? NINA. It is the dream of my life, which will never come true. ARKADINA. Who knows? Perhaps it will. But let me present Monsieur Boris Trigorin. NINA. I am delighted to meet you. [Embarrassed] I have read all your books. ARKADINA. [Drawing NINA down beside her] Don't be afraid of him, dear. He is a simple, good-natured soul, even if he is a celebrity. See, he is embarrassed himself. DORN. Couldn't the curtain be raised now? It is depressing to have it down.

Thesaurus bravo: (v) murderer, slayer, Cain, absorbed, enamored, captive hours. matador, sabreur; (n) thug, depressing: (adj) sad, gloomy, dark, liquidator; (adj) bully, hotspur, enfant dismal, oppressive, desolate, blue, perdu, scapegrace. bleak, grim, dreary, chill. celebrity: (n) fame, notable, luminary, ANTONYMS: (adj) inspiring, star, distinction, notoriety, notability, heartening, cheery, bright, personality, bigwig, magnate, glory. exhilarating, uplifting, cheering, ANTONYMS: (n) obscurity, oblivion, happy, encouraging, hopeful, unknown, infamy. constructive. charmed: (adj) enchanted, delighted, good-natured: (adj) kindly, friendly, fascinated, spellbound, entranced, kind, obliging, gracious, kindcaptive, beguiled, infatuated, hearted, genial, good, bland, sweet,

good-tempered. irresistible: (adj) resistless, invincible, irrefragable, irrefutable, overpowering, overwhelming, impregnable, indomitable, charming, fascinating; (adj, v) uncontrollable. ANTONYMS: (adj) resistible, insignificant, unappealing, weak. prick: (n, v) puncture, stab, cock, twinge, spur, bite; (v) impale, pierce, needle; (n) Dick, pricking.

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The Sea-Gull

SHAMRAEFF. [Loudly] Jacob, my man! Raise the curtain! NINA. [To TRIGORIN] It was a curious play, wasn't it? TRIGORIN. Very. I couldn't understand it at all, but I watched it with the greatest pleasure because you acted with such sincerity, and the setting was beautiful. [A pause] There must be a lot of fish in this lake.% NINA. Yes, there are. TRIGORIN. I love fishing. I know of nothing pleasanter than to sit on a lake shore in the evening with one's eyes on a floating cork. NINA. Why, I should think that for one who has tasted the joys of creation, no other pleasure could exist. ARKADINA. Don't talk like that. He always begins to flounder when people say nice things to him. SHAMRAEFF. I remember when the famous Silva was singing once in the Opera House at Moscow, how delighted we all were when he took the low C. Well, you can imagine our astonishment when one of the church cantors, who happened to be sitting in the gallery, suddenly boomed out: "Bravo, Silva!" a whole octave lower. Like this: [In a deep bass voice] "Bravo, Silva!" The audience was left breathless. [A pause.] DORN. An angel of silence is flying over our heads. NINA. I must go. Good-bye.

Thesaurus astonishment: (n) admiration, wonder, wonderment, surprise, marvel, stupefaction, confusion, consternation, awe, alarm, startle. ANTONYMS: (n) calmness, belief, contempt. breathless: (adj, adv) out of breath; (adj) panting, inanimate, breathtaking, winded, choking, puffing; (v) all agog, aghast; (adj, n) eager; (n) in hysterics. ANTONYMS: (adj) dull, expected, boring.

cork: (n, v) plug; (n) bung, stopper, phellem, bobber, bob, bobfloat; (v) cap, stop, close; (adj) cobweb. floating: (adv) afloat; (adj, v) buoyant; (adj, adv) aimless; (adj) current, loose, moving, fluid, in circulation, going about, flying, light. flounder: (v) stumble, flounce, stagger, flop; (adj, v) blunder, fumble, hesitate, botch; (adj) boggle; (n, v) wallow; (n) turbot. good-bye: (n) bye, farewell, goodbye,

goodby, vale, adios, cheerio. octave: (n) tetrachord, stanza, church festival, interval, musical interval. sincerity: (adj, n) candor, honesty, integrity, probity, faithfulness; (n) earnestness, heartiness, genuineness, candour, frankness, cordiality. ANTONYMS: (n) dishonesty, hypocrisy, flippancy, frivolity, affectedness, caution, reticence, deceit, doubt. took: (adj) taken; (v) receive.

Anton Chekhov

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ARKADINA. Where to? Where must you go so early? We shan't allow it.% NINA. My father is waiting for me. ARKADINA. How cruel he is, really. [They kiss each other] Then I suppose we can't keep you, but it is very hard indeed to let you go. NINA. If you only knew how hard it is for me to leave you all. ARKADINA. Somebody must see you home, my pet. NINA. [Startled] No, no! SORIN. [Imploringly] Don't go! NINA. I must. SORIN. Stay just one hour more, and all. Come now, really, you know. NINA. [Struggling against her desire to stay; through her tears] No, no, I can't. [She shakes hands with him and quickly goes out.] ARKADINA. An unlucky girl! They say that her mother left the whole of an immense fortune to her husband, and now the child is penniless because the father has already willed everything away to his second wife. It is pitiful. DORN. Yes, her papa is a perfect beast, and I don't mind saying so--it is what he deserves.

Thesaurus beast: (n) animal, monster, swine, fiend, creature, scavenger, savage, critter, animate being, barbarian; (adj) bear. ANTONYM: (n) man. cruel: (adj, v) hard, harsh, sharp, severe; (adj) barbarous, unkind, brutal, bloody, bitter, savage, atrocious. ANTONYMS: (adj) merciful, gentle, sympathetic, humane, liberal, compassionate, charitable, friendly, caring, considerate, libertarian.

knew: (adj) known; (v) recognize, wist. wretched, poor, sad. ANTONYMS: papa: (n) father, pa, daddy, Dada, sire, (adj) generous, heartwarming, pappa, pop, old man, paterfamilias, admirable, cheerful, fine, happy, cardinal, high priest. impressive. penniless: (adj) indigent, needy, poor, unlucky: (adj) luckless, hapless, destitute, moneyless, broke, unhappy, sinister, inauspicious, miserable, impoverished, insolvent, unsuccessful, ominous, adverse, disastrous, unfavorable; (adj, v) penurious, hard up. ANTONYMS: (adj) solvent, wealthy, affluent. untoward. ANTONYMS: (adj) pitiful: (adj, n) abject; (adj) pathetic, fortunate, happy, auspicious, lamentable, piteous, contemptible, successful. willed: (adj) voluntary, hereditary. miserable, distressing, mean,

24

The Sea-Gull

SORIN. [Rubbing his chilled hands] Come, let us go in; the night is damp, and my legs are aching.% ARKADINA. Yes, you act as if they were turned to stone; you can hardly move them. Come, you unfortunate old man. [She takes his arm.] SHAMRAEFF. [Offering his arm to his wife] Permit me, madame. SORIN. I hear that dog howling again. Won't you please have it unchained, Shamraeff? SHAMRAEFF. No, I really can't, sir. The granary is full of millet, and I am afraid thieves might break in if the dog were not there. [Walking beside MEDVIEDENKO] Yes, a whole octave lower: "Bravo, Silva!" and he wasn't a singer either, just a simple church cantor. MEDVIEDENKO. What salary does the church pay its singers? [All go out except DORN.] DORN. I may have lost my judgment and my wits, but I must confess I liked that play. There was something in it. When the girl spoke of her solitude and the Devil's eyes gleamed across the lake, I felt my hands shaking with excitement. It was so fresh and naive. But here he comes; let me say something pleasant to him. [TREPLIEFF comes in.] TREPLIEFF. All gone already? DORN. I am here.

Thesaurus cantor: (n) musician, hazan, choirmaster. chilled: (adj) frozen, freezing, cool, refrigerated, icy, inhibited, restrained, confined, shivering, iced, stiff. confess: (adj, v) own, allow, admit, avow; (v) concede, profess, recognize, divulge, disclose, reveal, receive. ANTONYMS: (v) suppress, hide, dispute, conceal, repress, harbor. granary: (n) garner, warehouse,

storage, grange, store, storehouse, choral group, singing group, school cornloft, depot, farm, lathe, entrepot. choir. howling: (n) howl, cry; (adj) fierce, solitude: (n) desolation, loneliness, fantastic, gross, glaring, marvelous, seclusion, privacy, aloneness, wonderful, wondrous; (adj, n) isolation, retirement, lonesomeness, weeping, sniveling. retreat, desert, solitariness. millet: (n) broomcorn millet, grain, ANTONYMS: (n) companionship, hog millet, Panicum miliaceum, closeness. kurakkan, miliary, cereal grass, food wits: (n) intellect, mind, wit, brains, grain, coracan, corakan, stem of common sense, presence, maize. percipience, observation, mother wit, singers: (n) gospel choir, church choir, right mind, judgment.

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TREPLIEFF. Masha has been yelling for me all over the park. An insufferable creature.% DORN. Constantine, your play delighted me. It was strange, of course, and I did not hear the end, but it made a deep impression on me. You have a great deal of talent, and must persevere in your work. [TREPLIEFF seizes his hand and squeezes it hard, then kisses him impetuously.] DORN. Tut, tut! how excited you are. Your eyes are full of tears. Listen to me. You chose your subject in the realm of abstract thought, and you did quite right. A work of art should invariably embody some lofty idea. Only that which is seriously meant can ever be beautiful. How pale you are! TREPLIEFF. So you advise me to persevere? DORN. Yes, but use your talent to express only deep and eternal truths. I have led a quiet life, as you know, and am a contented man, but if I should ever experience the exaltation that an artist feels during his moments of creation, I think I should spurn this material envelope of my soul and everything connected with it, and should soar away into heights above this earth. TREPLIEFF. I beg your pardon, but where is Nina? DORN. And yet another thing: every work of art should have a definite object in view. You should know why you are writing, for if you follow the road of art without a goal before your eyes, you will lose yourself, and your genius will be your ruin. TREPLIEFF. [Impetuously] Where is Nina?

Thesaurus exaltation: (n) elation, ecstasy, apotheosis, worship, praise, rapture, deification, grandeur, adoration; (n, v) sublimation; (v) laud. ANTONYMS: (n) abasement, belittlement, debasement, degradation, humiliation, sorrow, derogation, disparagement. heights: (n) place, elevation, high places, high, heaven. insufferable: (adj, v) intolerable, abhorrent; (adj) excruciating,

impossible, unbearable, insupportable, unendurable, unsufferable, hateful, painful; (v) nauseous. ANTONYMS: (adj) manageable, nice, lovable. persevere: (v) persist, continue, endure, abide, go on, hang on, hold on, follow, keep, remain, pursue. ANTONYMS: (v) surrender, stop, quit. soar: (v) climb, hover, fly, mount, glide, leap, jump, lift, billow; (n, v)

rise, increase. ANTONYMS: (v) decrease, drop, descend, collapse, sink. spurn: (v) scorn, rebuff, repulse, disdain, reject, refuse, snub, kick, decline, deny; (n, v) slight. ANTONYMS: (v) admire, court, respect. yelling: (adj) crying, howling, fantastic, noisy, marvelous, marvellous, instant, insistent, rank; (n) screaming, noise.

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The Sea-Gull

DORN. She has gone home.% TREPLIEFF. [In despair] Gone home? What shall I do? I want to see her; I must see her! I shall follow her. DORN. My dear boy, keep quiet. TREPLIEFF. I am going. I must go. [MASHA comes in.] MASHA. Your mother wants you to come in, Mr. Constantine. She is waiting for you, and is very uneasy. TREPLIEFF. Tell her I have gone away. And for heaven's sake, all of you, leave me alone! Go away! Don't follow me about! DORN. Come, come, old chap, don't act like this; it isn't kind at all. TREPLIEFF. [Through his tears] Good-bye, doctor, and thank you. TREPLIEFF goes out. DORN. [Sighing] Ah, youth, youth! MASHA. It is always "Youth, youth," when there is nothing else to be said. [She takes snuff. DORN takes the snuff-box out of her hands and flings it into the bushes.] DORN. Don't do that, it is horrid. [A pause] I hear music in the house. I must go in.

Thesaurus chap: (n) fellow, blighter, guy, crevice, gruesome, grim, fearful, dreadful, concerned, nervous, apprehensive, ill cranny, crack, lad, man, scissure, direful, dire, horrible, fearsome. at ease, unquiet, awkward, fretful, ANTONYMS: (adj) lovely, nice, restive. ANTONYMS: (adj) calm, beau, chink. despair: (n) disappointment, appealing, attractive, kind. untroubled, composed, relaxed, easy, sake: (n, v) interest, reason, motive, desolation, dejection, melancholy, unconcerned, still, comfortable, ground; (v) advantage, cause; (n) gloom, desperation, depression, carefree, confident, serene. dismay, discouragement, pessimism, object, account, design, purpose, saki. wants: (n) need, necessities. sorrow. ANTONYMS: (n) happiness, tears: (n) cry, crying, snivel, brine, youth: (n) youngster, young person, hopefulness, expectation, joy, cheer, weeping, activity, bawling, bodily lad, juvenile, boy, adolescence, kid, younker, stripling, juvenility; (adj, n) cheerfulness, resilience, elation, function, bodily process, body young. ANTONYMS: (n) adulthood, joyfulness. process, lacerations. horrid: (adj) grisly, ghastly, ugly, uneasy: (adj) anxious, fidgety, restless, adult, ripeness, maturity, aged.

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27

MASHA. Wait a moment.% DORN. What do you want? MASHA. Let me tell you again. I feel like talking. [She grows more and more excited] I do not love my father, but my heart turns to you. For some reason, I feel with all my soul that you are near to me. Help me! Help me, or I shall do something foolish and mock at my life, and ruin it. I am at the end of my strength. DORN. What is the matter? How can I help you? MASHA. I am in agony. No one, no one can imagine how I suffer. [She lays her head on his shoulder and speaks softly] I love Constantine. DORN. Oh, how excitable you all are! And how much love there is about this lake of spells! [Tenderly] But what can I do for you, my child? What? What? [The curtain falls.]

Thesaurus agony: (n) torture, suffering, torment, mock: (adj, v) counterfeit; (n, v) (n) making, success, triumph, rise, distress, misery, passion, pain, grief, ridicule, jeer, gibe, laugh at, flout; preservation. (adj, n, v) burlesque, sham; (v) mimic, soul: (n) creature, human, person, pang, sorrow, throe. ANTONYMS: (n) pleasure, joy, euphoria, bliss, ape, taunt. ANTONYMS: (adj) real, personification, ghost, individual, natural; (v) praise, applaud, respect, mind, essence, life, self; (adj, n) heart. happiness, ecstasy, peace, content. excitable: (adj) nervous, irritable, ANTONYMS: (n) surface, body. approve. ruin: (n) devastation, desolation; (adj, tenderly: (adv) softly, kindly, combustible, hasty, edgy, fiery, sensitive, volatile, passionate, warm, n) downfall; (v) break, consume, delicately, affectionately, fondly, quick. ANTONYMS: (adj) demolish, destroy; (n, v) doom, warmly, painfully, sensitively, unexcitable, calm, unflappable, ravage, destruction, damage. caringly, sympathetically, gently. ANTONYMS: (v) conserve, enhance, ANTONYMS: (adv) roughly, easygoing, easy, tranquil, reliable, save, restore, improve; (n, v) respect; mild. severely, disapprovingly, harshly.

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29

ACT II

[The lawn in front of SORIN'S house. The house stands in the background, on a broad terrace. The lake, brightly reflecting the rays of the sun, lies to the left. There are flower-beds here and there. It is noon; the day is hot. ARKADINA, DORN, and MASHA are sitting on a bench on the lawn, in the shade of an old linden. An open book is lying on DORN'S knees.] ARKADINA. [To MASHA] Come, get up. [They both get up] Stand beside me. You are twenty-two and I am almost twice your age. Tell me, Doctor, which of us is the younger looking? DORN. You are, of course.% ARKADINA. You see! Now why is it? Because I work; my heart and mind are always busy, whereas you never move off the same spot. You don't live. It is a maxim of mine never to look into the future. I never admit the thought of old age or death, and just accept what comes to me. MASHA. I feel as if I had been in the world a thousand years, and I trail my life behind

Thesaurus bench: (n) banquette, chair, dinnertime, crest, twelve noon; (adj) turves, turf. meridian, meridional; (adj, n) workbench, court, terrace, bank, bar, linden: (n) lime, basswood, judicatory, Ottoman, board, form. cottonwood, tree, wood, calx, culmination. brightly: (adv) vividly, luminously, rays: (n) light, sunlight, Selachii, calcium hydroxide, linden tree, radiantly, gaily, clearly, shiningly, hydrated lime, fluxing lime, citrus dogfishes, elasmobranch, intensely, cheerfully, smartly, bright, aurantifolia. Elasmobranchii, emission, daylight, lustrously. ANTONYMS: (adv) maxim: (adj, n) aphorism, adage; (n) sunshine, selachian, subclass gloomily, drearily, bleakly, stupidly, byword, apothegm, rule, saying, Elasmobranchii. principle, proverb, motto, gnome; (n, trail: (n, v) track, haul, trace, tail, hunt, dully, blankly, seriously, v) saw. path, train; (v) drag, pursue, chase, pessimistically. lawn: (n) grassplot, field, green, park, noon: (n) high noon, noonday, draw. ANTONYMS: (n) room; (v) meadow, grassplat, plot, lea, turfs, noontide, afternoon, hour, push, precede.

30

The Sea-Gull

me like an endless scarf. Often I have no desire to live at all. Of course that is foolish. One ought to pull oneself together and shake off such nonsense.% DORN. [Sings softly] "Tell her, oh flowers--" ARKADINA. And then I keep myself as correct-looking as an Englishman. I am always well-groomed, as the saying is, and carefully dressed, with my hair neatly arranged. Do you think I should ever permit myself to leave the house halfdressed, with untidy hair? Certainly not! I have kept my looks by never letting myself slump as some women do. [She puts her arms akimbo, and walks up and down on the lawn] See me, tripping on tiptoe like a fifteenyear-old girl. DORN. I see. Nevertheless, I shall continue my reading. [He takes up his book] Let me see, we had come to the grain-dealer and the rats. ARKADINA. And the rats. Go on. [She sits down] No, give me the book, it is my turn to read. [She takes the book and looks for the place] And the rats. Ah, here it is. [She reads] "It is as dangerous for society to attract and indulge authors as it is for grain-dealers to raise rats in their granaries. Yet society loves authors. And so, when a woman has found one whom she wishes to make her own, she lays siege to him by indulging and flattering him." That may be so in France, but it certainly is not so in Russia. We do not carry out a programme like that. With us, a woman is usually head over ears in love with an author before she attempts to lay siege to him. You have an example before your eyes, in me and Trigorin. [SORIN comes in leaning on a cane, with MEDVIEDENKO follows, pushing an arm-chair.]

NINA

beside

him.

Thesaurus akimbo: (adj) geniculated, knock partially. kneed, crinkled; (n) knuckle, fluke, indulge: (n, v) gratify, humor; (v) kimbo, crane, groin, crotch, knee, coddle, cosset, baby, pamper, spoil, zigzag. satisfy, please, mollycoddle, cocker. ears: (n) antenna. ANTONYMS: (v) frustrate, deprive, flattering: (adj) ingratiating, stifle, neglect, deny, displease, fast. complimentary, courtly, obsequious, indulging: (n) pampering, excess, adulatory, fulsome, bland, candied, indulgence, orgy, folly, foolery, smooth, encouraging; (n) flattery. gratification. ANTONYMS: (adj) assertive, critical, tiptoe: (v) tip, tippytoe, creep, patter, unflattering, unattractive, wounding, skirt, skip, tilt, sidle, lean; (adj) alert; uncomplimentary, negative; (adv) (n) quieter. ANTONYM: (v) clump.

tripping: (adj) easy, flowing, lightsome, readable, swinging, swingy, nimble, lilting, light, fluent; (v) failing. untidy: (adj) unkempt, disheveled, disorderly, sloppy, messy, disordered, confused, disorganized, sluttish, frowzy, scruffy. ANTONYMS: (adj) tidy, neat, elegant, orderly, smart, legible, clean. well-groomed: (adj) prim, spruce, tidy, trim, crisp.

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SORIN. [In a caressing voice, as if speaking to a child] So we are happy now, eh? We are enjoying ourselves to-day, are we? Father and stepmother have gone away to Tver, and we are free for three whole days! NINA. [Sits down beside ARKADINA, and embraces her] I am so happy. I belong to you now.% SORIN. [Sits down in his arm-chair] She looks lovely to-day. ARKADINA. Yes, she has put on her prettiest dress, and looks sweet. That was nice of you. [She kisses NINA] But we mustn't praise her too much; we shall spoil her. Where is Trigorin? NINA. He is fishing off the wharf. ARKADINA. I wonder he isn't bored. [She begins to read again.] NINA. What are you reading? ARKADINA. "On the Water," by Maupassant. [She reads a few lines to herself] But the rest is neither true nor interesting. [She lays down the book] I am uneasy about my son. Tell me, what is the matter with him? Why is he so dull and depressed lately? He spends all his days on the lake, and I scarcely ever see him any more. MASHA. His heart is heavy. [Timidly, to NINA] Please recite something from his play. NINA. [Shrugging her shoulders] Shall I? Is it so interesting?

Thesaurus caressing: (adj) caressive, soft; (n) petting, foreplay, stimulation, dalliance, smooching, snuggling, arousal, hugging, cuddling. depressed: (adj) low, blue, dejected, sad, dispirited, downhearted, downcast, down, gloomy, hollow, disappointed. ANTONYMS: (adj) cheerful, happy, convex, booming, elated, encouraged, euphoric, exhilarated, flourishing, optimistic, prospering.

lately: (adv) tardily, newly, freshly, abuse, beautify, deny, neglect, belatedly, slowly, latterly, deadly; correct, respect, clean. (adj, adv) anew, late, afresh; (adj) timidly: (adv) fearfully, timorously, recent. cautiously, shyly, diffidently, recite: (v) relate, enumerate, describe, anxiously, nervously, shily, gingerly, narrate, recount, repeat, say, modestly, apprehensively. rehearse, detail, lecture; (n, v) ANTONYMS: (adv) confidently, declaim. bravely, daringly, brashly, fearlessly, spoil: (n, v) ruin; (v) rot, corrupt, mar, decisively, brazenly. deface, sack; (adj, v) impair, damage, wharf: (n) quay, harbor, port, pier, injure, harm, indulge. ANTONYMS: waterfront, jetty, nailery, bindery, (v) improve, conserve, enliven, help, beehive, basin; (n, v) berth.

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The Sea-Gull

MASHA. [With suppressed rapture] When he recites, his eyes shine and his face grows pale. His voice is beautiful and sad, and he has the ways of a poet.% [SORIN begins to snore.] DORN. Pleasant dreams! ARKADINA. Peter! SORIN. Eh? ARKADINA. Are you asleep? SORIN. Not a bit of it. [A pause.] ARKADINA. You don't do a thing for your health, brother, but you really ought to. DORN. The idea of doing anything for one's health at sixty-five! SORIN. One still wants to live at sixty-five. DORN. [Crossly] Ho! Take some camomile tea. ARKADINA. I think a journey to some watering-place would be good for him. DORN. Why, yes; he might go as well as not. ARKADINA. You don't understand.

Thesaurus asleep: (adj) sleeping, deceased, passion. ANTONYMS: (n) should, have, possessed, owned, sleepy, dormant, numb, dead, sound owed, behoove; (n) aught, zero, duty. indifference, boredom, misery, pale: (adj) faint, wan, dull, weak, light, gloom, agony, hell, despair. asleep, snoozing, slumbering, napping, gone. ANTONYMS: (adj) bloodless, pallid; (adj, v) dim; (n) suppressed: (adj) stifled, smothered, boundary, confine; (v) blanch. up, attentive, alert, conscious. strangled, repressed, downtrodden, camomile: (n) chamomile, Anthemis ANTONYMS: (adj) strong, rosy, buried, hidden, pent-up, latent, nobilis, herb. brown, well, glowing, vivid, healthy, untold; (n) subordinate. journey: (n, v) jaunt, go, travel, cruise, clear, colorful; (v) redden, darken. ANTONYMS: (adj) publicized, overt. fare; (n) excursion, way, expedition, rapture: (n) joy, bliss, delight, ways: (n) behavior, process, shipway, trip, passage, voyage. ANTONYM: happiness, exaltation, elation, slipway, means, childbearing, (v) settle. exultation, enchantment; (adj, n) conduct, construction, demeanor, ought: (n, v) need; (v) had better, enthusiasm; (n, v) transport; (adj, n, v) direction, traveling.

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DORN. There is nothing to understand in this case; it is quite clear.% MEDVIEDENKO. He ought to give up smoking. SORIN. What nonsense! [A pause.] DORN. No, that is not nonsense. Wine and tobacco destroy the individuality. After a cigar or a glass of vodka you are no longer Peter Sorin, but Peter Sorin plus somebody else. Your ego breaks in two: you begin to think of yourself in the third person. SORIN. It is easy for you to condemn smoking and drinking; you have known what life is, but what about me? I have served in the Department of Justice for twenty-eight years, but I have never lived, I have never had any experiences. You are satiated with life, and that is why you have an inclination for philosophy, but I want to live, and that is why I drink my wine for dinner and smoke cigars, and all. DORN. One must take life seriously, and to take a cure at sixty-five and regret that one did not have more pleasure in youth is, forgive my saying so, trifling. MASHA. It must be lunch-time. [She walks away languidly, with a dragging step] My foot has gone to sleep. DORN. She is going to have a couple of drinks before lunch. SORIN. The poor soul is unhappy. DORN. That is a trifle, your honour.

Thesaurus breaks: (n) lot, destiny, opportunity, ANTONYM: (adj) insatiate. disposition, independence. ANTONYMS: (n) commonality, trifling: (adj) paltry, slight, petty, chance. cigar: (n) cheroot, cigars, smoke, sameness, conformity. negligible, immaterial, worthless, trivial, minor, small; (adj, v) cigarette, corona, panatela, panetella, languidly: (adv) languorously, inconsequential; (adj, n) frivolity. segar, cigarillo. listlessly, wearily, lethargically, cigars: (n) cigar. ANTONYMS: (adj) significant, slowly, dreamily, limply, weakly, drinks: (n) refreshments, food and torpidly, indolently, impassively. worthwhile, major, considerable, ANTONYMS: (adv) dynamically, drink. crucial, enormous, great, mature, individuality: (n) character, profound, substantial; (n) vigorously. satiated: (adj) full, replete, gorged, individualism, personality, importance. originality, distinctiveness, identity, satisfied, jaded, sated, glutted, fat, fed vodka: (n) spirits, hard drink, liquor, peculiarity, selfhood, ego, up, corpulent, disgusted. hard liquor, strong drink.

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The Sea-Gull

SORIN. You judge her like a man who has obtained all he wants in life.% ARKADINA. Oh, what could be duller than this dear tedium of the country? The air is hot and still, nobody does anything but sit and philosophise about life. It is pleasant, my friends, to sit and listen to you here, but I had rather a thousand times sit alone in the room of a hotel learning a role by heart. NINA. [With enthusiasm] You are quite right. I understand how you feel. SORIN. Of course it is pleasanter to live in town. One can sit in one's library with a telephone at one's elbow, no one comes in without being first announced by the footman, the streets are full of cabs, and all--DORN. [Sings] "Tell her, oh flowers---" [SHAMRAEFF comes in, followed by PAULINA.] SHAMRAEFF. Here they are. How do you do? [He kisses ARKADINA'S hand and then NINA'S] I am delighted to see you looking so well. [To ARKADINA] My wife tells me that you mean to go to town with her to-day. Is that so? ARKADINA. Yes, that is what I had planned to do. SHAMRAEFF. Hm--that is splendid, but how do you intend to get there, madam? We are hauling rye to-day, and all the men are busy. What horses would you take? ARKADINA. What horses? How do I know what horses we shall have?

Thesaurus elbow: (n, v) poke, nudge, jolt; (n) cubitus, elbow joint, angle, articulation; (v) jostle, push, shove, crowd. footman: (n) attendant, butler, follower, flunkey, flunky, varlet, servitor, valet de chambre, boy, knave; (n, v) lackey. hauling: (n) pull, haulage, shipping, transportation, cartage, drag, carrying, haul, towing, vehicle, trucking.

madam: (n) dame, lady, ma'am, gentlewoman, missis, Mrs, brothel keeper, madames, signora, female, bawd. obtained: (adj) fulfilled, derivative. philosophise: (v) philosophize, cogitate, cerebrate. splendid: (adj, n, v) illustrious, glorious; (adj) gorgeous, beautiful, royal, gallant, proud; (adj, n) magnificent, noble, grand; (adj, v) brilliant. ANTONYMS: (adj)

unimpressive, modest, humble, ordinary, undistinguished, meager, awful, dire, lowly, inglorious, shabby. streets: (n) street. tedium: (n) ennui, monotony, tediousness, dullness, sameness, dreariness, lifelessness, difficulty, drabness; (adj) dull work, humdrum. ANTONYMS: (n) excitement, diversion, variation, entertainment, ease.

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SORIN. Why, we have the carriage horses.% SHAMRAEFF. The carriage horses! And where am I to find the harness for them? This is astonishing! My dear madam, I have the greatest respect for your talents, and would gladly sacrifice ten years of my life for you, but I cannot let you have any horses to-day. ARKADINA. But if I must go to town? What an extraordinary state of affairs! SHAMRAEFF. You do not know, madam, what it is to run a farm. ARKADINA. [In a burst of anger] That is an old story! Under these circumstances I shall go back to Moscow this very day. Order a carriage for me from the village, or I shall go to the station on foot. SHAMRAEFF. [losing his temper] Under these circumstances I resign my position. You must find yourself another manager. [He goes out.] ARKADINA. It is like this every summer: every summer I am insulted here. I shall never set foot here again. [She goes out to the left, in the direction of the wharf. In a few minutes she is seen entering the house, followed by TRIGORIN, who carries a bucket and fishing-rod.] SORIN. [Losing his temper] What the deuce did he mean by his impudence? I want all the horses brought here at once! NINA. [To PAULINA] How could he refuse anything to Madame Arkadina, the

Thesaurus astonishing: (adj) amazing, wonderful, stupendous, prodigious, strange, surprising, astounding, incredible, breathtaking; (v) astonish; (adj, n) marvelous. ANTONYMS: (adj) ordinary, humdrum, boring, mundane, dull, expected, predictable, usual, comforting. bucket: (n) pail, container, bucketful, scoop, tankard, pipkin, skeel, mug, pan, can; (v) rain cats and dogs. deuce: (n) devil, couple, two, dyad,

demon, duo, duet, Twain, Dickens, brace, craps. gladly: (adv, v) happily; (adv) gleefully, contentedly, cheerfully, fain, joyfully, jovially, cheerily, delightedly, gladsomely, readily. ANTONYMS: (adv) reluctantly, unwillingly, sadly, resentfully, miserably. harness: (adj, n) strap, tether; (n, v) yoke, rein, couple, check; (adj, v) hitch; (v) wear, equip, limit, use. ANTONYM: (v) undo.

impudence: (adj, n) boldness, brass; (n) cheek, gall, audacity, impertinence, insolence, face, cheekiness, effrontery, assurance. ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, reticence. insulted: (adj) affronted, offended, injured, huffy. talents: (adj) talent, ability, capacity, parts, ingenuity, cleverness, turn; (n) faculty, endowment, genius, accomplishment.

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The Sea-Gull

famous actress? Is not every wish, every caprice even, of hers, more important than any farm work? This is incredible.% PAULINA. [In despair] What can I do about it? Put yourself in my place and tell me what I can do. SORIN. [To NINA] Let us go and find my sister, and all beg her not to go. [He looks in the direction in which SHAMRAEFF went out] That man is insufferable; a regular tyrant. NINA. [Preventing him from getting up] Sit still, sit still, and let us wheel you. [She and MEDVIEDENKO push the chair before them] This is terrible! SORIN. Yes, yes, it is terrible; but he won't leave. I shall have a talk with him in a moment. [They go out. Only DORN and PAULINA are left.] DORN. How tiresome people are! Your husband deserves to be thrown out of here neck and crop, but it will all end by this old granny Sorin and his sister asking the man's pardon. See if it doesn't. PAULINA. He has sent the carriage horses into the fields too. These misunderstandings occur every day. If you only knew how they excite me! I am ill; see! I am trembling all over! I cannot endure his rough ways. [Imploringly] Eugene, my darling, my beloved, take me to you. Our time is short; we are no longer young; let us end deception and concealment, even though it is only at the end of our lives. [A pause.] DORN. I am fifty-five years old. It is too late now for me to change my ways of living. PAULINA. I know that you refuse me because there are other women who are near to

Thesaurus caprice: (n) fancy, fantasy, humor, agitate, awaken, incite, inspire, rouse, beggingly, suppliantly, appealingly. electrify; (n, v) energize; (adj, v) tiresome: (adj) tedious, dull, laborious, quirk, freak, notion, impulse, fit, capriccio, fad, vagary. ANTONYMS: quicken. ANTONYMS: (v) calm, irksome, monotonous, annoying, (n) plan, strategy, blueprint, reality. slow, dreary, bothersome; (adj, v) pacify, bore, soothe, stifle, concealment: (n) suppression, tranquilize, placate, quiet, dampen. wearisome, troublesome. ANTONYMS: (adj) stimulating, fun, confidentiality, concealing, secrecy, granny: (n) grandma, gran, grannie, screen, disguise, hiding, privacy, granny knot, old woman, grandam, varied, soothing, pleasant, brisk, camouflage, blind, covering. fuddy-duddy, matriarch, exciting, convenient, refreshing. ANTONYMS: (n) discovery, grandparent, nan; (adj) finicky. tyrant: (n) dictator, oppressor, hers: (pron) she, his; (adj) own. disclosure, exposure, expression, autocrat, disciplinarian, bully, imploringly: (adv) beseechingly, openness, uncovering, revelation. authoritarian, sovereign, czar, excite: (v) arouse, enliven, disturb, pleadingly, importunately, monarch, suzerain, stickler.

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you, and you cannot take everybody. I understand. Excuse me--I see I am only bothering you.% [NINA is seen near the house picking a bunch of flowers.] DORN. No, it is all right. PAULINA. I am tortured by jealousy. Of course you are a doctor and cannot escape from women. I understand. DORN. [TO NINA, who comes toward him] How are things in there? NINA. Madame Arkadina is crying, and Sorin is having an attack of asthma. DORN. Let us go and give them both some camomile tea. NINA. [Hands him the bunch of flowers] Here are some flowers for you. DORN. Thank you. [He goes into the house.] PAULINA. [Following him] What pretty flowers! [As they reach the house she says in a low voice] Give me those flowers! Give them to me! DORN hands her the flowers; she tears them to pieces and flings them away. They both go into the house. NINA. [Alone] How strange to see a famous actress weeping, and for such a trifle! Is it not strange, too, that a famous author should sit fishing all day? He is the idol of the public, the papers are full of him, his photograph is for sale everywhere, his works have been translated into many foreign languages, and yet he is overjoyed if he catches a couple of minnows. I always thought

Thesaurus asthma: (n) breathe with effort, jealousness, envy, envious, alertness, panting, anhelation, asthma attack, distrust, contention, competition, bronchial asthma. scruple, qualm. bothering: (v) teasing, tormenting, overjoyed: (adj) jubilant, joyful, happy, carking; (n) harassment, provocation. elated, ecstatic, transported, exultant, bunch: (n, v) crowd, clump, pack, pleased, enchanted, proud, gleeful. bundle, group, huddle; (n) batch, lot, ANTONYMS: (adj) heartbroken, band, troop, gang. ANTONYMS: (v) disappointed, depressed, down, spread, separate, scatter; (n) dejected, miserable, unhappy, individual. desolate. flowers: (n) analecta, anthology. tortured: (adj) anguished, suffering, jealousy: (n) suspicion, jealous, agonized, excruciate, excruciated,

gnarled, hagridden, miserable, woeful, hurt. toward: (prep) to, towards, approaching, headed for, just before, of, in the direction of; (adv, prep) on; (adv) about, around, by. ANTONYMS: (prep) from, away. weeping: (adj) tearful, lachrymose, dolourous, dolorous; (n, v) lament, lamentation; (v) wailing; (n) sobbing, tears, cry; (adj, n) howling. ANTONYM: (n) celebration.

38

The Sea-Gull

famous people were distant and proud; I thought they despised the common crowd which exalts riches and birth, and avenged themselves on it by dazzling it with the inextinguishable honour and glory of their fame. But here I see them weeping and playing cards and flying into passions like everybody else.% [TREPLIEFF comes in without a hat on, carrying a gun and a dead seagull.] TREPLIEFF. Are you alone here? NINA. Yes. [TREPLIEFF lays the sea-gull at her feet.] NINA. What do you mean by this? TREPLIEFF. I was base enough to-day to kill this gull. I lay it at your feet. NINA. What is happening to you? [She picks up the gull and stands looking at it.] TREPLIEFF. [After a pause] So shall I soon end my own life. NINA. You have changed so that I fail to recognise you. TREPLIEFF. Yes, I have changed since the time when I ceased to recognise you. You have failed me; your look is cold; you do not like to have me near you. NINA. You have grown so irritable lately, and you talk so darkly and symbolically that you must forgive me if I fail to follow you. I am too simple to understand you.

Thesaurus darkly: (adv) murkily, dimly, obscurely, duskily, somberly, shadily, mistily, secretly, dismally, heavily, overcastly. ANTONYM: (adv) openly. despised: (adj) scorned, despicable, hated, abject, disparaged, mean, attaching disgrace, unpopular, unloved, reviled, opprobrious. fame: (n, v) credit, celebrity, report, reputation, renown, cry; (n) distinction, bruit, honor, prestige,

buzz. ANTONYMS: (n) infamy, simmering. irritable: (adj) fractious, irascible, obscurity, anonymity, ignominy, dishonor, commonness, oblivion, edgy, cantankerous, touchy, petulant, criticism. excitable, cross, sensitive, grumpy, gull: (n, v) fool, cheat, deceive; (v) disagreeable. ANTONYMS: (adj) beguile, bamboozle, cod, befool, take calm, happy, cheerful, amiable, in, kid; (n) chump, cully. patient, pleasant, stable, courteous; inextinguishable: (adj) indomitable, (n) cheeriness. symbolically: (adv) figuratively, impregnable, dominating, quenchless, indestructible, allegorically, metaphorically, unquenchable; (v) incommutable, typically, representatively, indefeasible, volcanic, irreducible, symbolicly.

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TREPLIEFF. % All this began when my play failed so dismally. A woman never can forgive failure. I have burnt the manuscript to the last page. Oh, if you could only fathom my unhappiness! Your estrangement is to me terrible, incredible; it is as if I had suddenly waked to find this lake dried up and sunk into the earth. You say you are too simple to understand me; but, oh, what is there to understand? You disliked my play, you have no faith in my powers, you already think of me as commonplace and worthless, as many are. [Stamping his foot] How well I can understand your feelings! And that understanding is to me like a dagger in the brain. May it be accursed, together with my stupidity, which sucks my life-blood like a snake! [He sees TRIGORIN, who approaches reading a book] There comes real genius, striding along like another Hamlet, and with a book, too. [Mockingly] "Words, words, words." You feel the warmth of that sun already, you smile, your eyes melt and glow liquid in its rays. I shall not disturb you. [He goes out.] TRIGORIN. [Making notes in his book] Takes snuff and drinks vodka; always wears black dresses; is loved by a schoolteacher-NINA. How do you do? TRIGORIN. How are you, Miss Nina? Owing to an unforeseen development of circumstances, it seems that we are leaving here today. You and I shall probably never see each other again, and I am sorry for it. I seldom meet a young and pretty girl now; I can hardly remember how it feels to be nineteen, and the young girls in my books are seldom living characters. I should like to change places with you, if but for an hour, to look out at the world through your eyes, and so find out what sort of a little person you are. NINA. And I should like to change places with you.

Thesaurus accursed: (adj) execrable, abominable, breach; (v) estrange. ANTONYMS: (n) reconciliation, propitiation, detestable, accurst, hateful, damned, damnable, maledict, blasted; (v) conciliation. fathom: (n, v) plumb; (v) penetrate, atrocious, stranded. dismally: (adv) gloomily, sadly, discern, bottom, understand, unhappily, murkily, dolefully, comprehend, know, make out, measure; (n) probe, gauge. forbiddingly, darkly, somberly, ANTONYMS: (v) confuse, depressingly, cheerlessly, grimly. ANTONYMS: (adv) brightly, smartly. misunderstand, Miss. estrangement: (n) disaffection, mockingly: (adv) jeeringly, sneeringly, separation, rift, coolness, isolation, ironically, derisorily, scornfully, break, split, rupture, withdrawal, sarcastically, satirically, mockly,

scoffingly, sardonically, gibingly. nineteen: (adj, n) XIX; (n) large integer. places: (n) chairs, seating, spaces. stamping: (n) impression, blocking, coin, postage, stamping of rail. unforeseen: (adj, v) unexpected, unanticipated, unlooked for; (adj) sudden, accidental, contingent, casual, surprising, chance, incidental; (adj, adv) out of the blue. ANTONYMS: (adj) predicted, expected, direct.

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The Sea-Gull

TRIGORIN. Why? NINA. To find out how a famous genius feels. What is it like to be famous? What sensations does it give you? TRIGORIN. What sensations? I don't believe it gives any. [Thoughtfully] Either you exaggerate my fame, or else, if it exists, all I can say is that one simply doesn't feel fame in any way.% NINA. But when you read about yourself in the papers? TRIGORIN. If the critics praise me, I am happy; if they condemn me, I am out of sorts for the next two days. NINA. This is a wonderful world. If you only knew how I envy you! Men are born to different destinies. Some dully drag a weary, useless life behind them, lost in the crowd, unhappy, while to one out of a million, as to you, for instance, comes a bright destiny full of interest and meaning. You are lucky. TRIGORIN. I, lucky? [He shrugs his shoulders] H-m-- I hear you talking about fame, and happiness, and bright destinies, and those fine words of yours mean as much to me--forgive my saying so--as sweetmeats do, which I never eat. You are very young, and very kind. NINA. Your life is beautiful. TRIGORIN. I see nothing especially lovely about it. [He looks at his watch] Excuse me, I must go at once, and begin writing again. I am in a hurry. [He laughs] You have stepped on my pet corn, as they say, and I am getting excited, and a

Thesaurus condemn: (v) censure, reproach, stupidly, tediously, drearily, heavily, castigate, attaint, deplore, sentence, tamely, boringly, monotonously, excoriate, upbraid, knock, doom, tiresomely, bluntly. ANTONYMS: criticize. ANTONYMS: (v) praise, (adv) animatedly, luminously, approve, commend, free, pardon, brightly, brilliantly. envy: (v) begrudge, want; (n) absolve, acquit, clear, exonerate, release, support. enviousness, desire, heartburning, destiny: (n) fate, chance, fortune, resentment, envies, heartburn, kismet, luck, lot, destination, portion, jealousy, hatred; (adj) jealous. weird, life; (n, v) doom. ANTONYM: (n) generosity. ANTONYMS: (n) chance, design. exaggerate: (v) boast, aggravate, dully: (adv) slowly, sluggishly, amplify, dramatize, overdo,

overdraw, brag, overstate, magnify, aggrandize, enhance. ANTONYMS: (v) minimize, alleviate, weaken. laughs: (n) diversion, comedy, amusement, sport, recreation, merriment, entertainment, levity. sensations: (n) feelings, vibrations, ambiance. stepped: (v) advanced, gone, stopen. sweetmeats: (n) rapier, plait, pastry, lugging, food, tuck. yours: (adj) own.

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little %cross. Let us discuss this bright and beautiful life of mine, though. [After a few moments' thought] Violent obsessions sometimes lay hold of a man: he may, for instance, think day and night of nothing but the moon. I have such a moon. Day and night I am held in the grip of one besetting thought, to write, write, write! Hardly have I finished one book than something urges me to write another, and then a third, and then a fourth--I write ceaselessly. I am, as it were, on a treadmill. I hurry for ever from one story to another, and can't help myself. Do you see anything bright and beautiful in that? Oh, it is a wild life! Even now, thrilled as I am by talking to you, I do not forget for an instant that an unfinished story is awaiting me. My eye falls on that cloud there, which has the shape of a grand piano; I instantly make a mental note that I must remember to mention in my story a cloud floating by that looked like a grand piano. I smell heliotrope; I mutter to myself: a sickly smell, the colour worn by widows; I must remember that in writing my next description of a summer evening. I catch an idea in every sentence of yours or of my own, and hasten to lock all these treasures in my literary store-room, thinking that some day they may be useful to me. As soon as I stop working I rush off to the theatre or go fishing, in the hope that I may find oblivion there, but no! Some new subject for a story is sure to come rolling through my brain like an iron cannonball. I hear my desk calling, and have to go back to it and begin to write, write, write, once more. And so it goes for everlasting. I cannot escape myself, though I feel that I am consuming my life. To prepare the honey I feed to unknown crowds, I am doomed to brush the bloom from my dearest flowers, to tear them from their stems, and trample the roots that bore them under foot. Am I not a madman? Should I not be treated by those who know me as one mentally diseased? Yet it is always the same, same old story, till I begin to think that all this praise and admiration must be a deception, that I am being hoodwinked because they know I am crazy, and I sometimes tremble lest I should be grabbed from behind and whisked off to a lunatic asylum. The best years of my youth were made one continual agony for me by my writing. A young author, especially if at first he does not make a success, feels clumsy, ill-at-ease, and

Thesaurus besetting: (adj) rife, prevalent, prevailing, urgent, epidemic, compulsive; (v) fixed, hackneyed, ingrafted, inveterate, permanent. cannonball: (n) cannon ball, shell, letter, round shot, epistle, bullet train, ammunition, message, Shinkansen. ceaselessly: (adv) incessantly, perpetually, unceasingly, eternally, unremittingly, continuously, constantly, everlastingly, continually, unendingly, uninterruptedly.

ANTONYMS: (adv) temporarily, briefly. dearest: (n) dear, darling, love, honey, lover, sweetheart, loved one, baby; (adj) precious, intimate, sweet. heliotrope: (n) bloodstone, chalcedony, agate, emerald, beryl, thermal heliotrope, mirror; (adj) mauve, lilac, turnsole, purple. ill-at-ease: (adj) worried. madman: (n) bedlamite, maniac, crazy, loony, nut, madcap, looney, loco,

sufferer, raver, nutcase. mutter: (n, v) mumble, grumble, whisper; (v) growl, maunder, grouch, snarl, croak; (n) murmuration, grumbling, complaint. trample: (v) oppress, stamp, squash, crush, tread, flatten, defeat, suppress, step, frustrate; (n) trampling. treadmill: (n) exercise device, galleys, grind, grinder, groove, rat race, routine, rut, treadwheel; (adj) humdrum, monotonous.

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The Sea-Gull

superfluous in the world. His nerves are all on edge and stretched to the point of breaking; he is irresistibly attracted to literary and artistic people, and hovers about them unknown and unnoticed, fearing to look them bravely in the eye, like a man with a passion for gambling, whose money is all gone. I did not know my readers, but for some reason I imagined they were distrustful and unfriendly; I was mortally afraid of the public, and when my first play appeared, it seemed to me as if all the dark eyes in the audience were looking at it with enmity, and all the blue ones with cold indifference. Oh, how terrible it was! What agony! NINA. But don't your inspiration and the act of creation give you moments of lofty happiness? TRIGORIN. Yes. Writing is a pleasure to me, and so is reading the proofs, but no sooner does a book leave the press than it becomes odious to me; it is not what I meant it to be; I made a mistake to write it at all; I am provoked and discouraged. Then the public reads it and says: "Yes, it is clever and pretty, but not nearly as good as Tolstoi," or "It is a lovely thing, but not as good as Turgenieff's 'Fathers and Sons,' " and so it will always be. To my dying day I shall hear people say: "Clever and pretty; clever and pretty," and nothing more; and when I am gone, those that knew me will say as they pass my grave: "Here lies Trigorin, a clever writer, but he was not as good as Turgenieff."% NINA. You must excuse me, but I decline to understand what you are talking about. The fact is, you have been spoilt by your success. TRIGORIN. What success have I had? I have never pleased myself; as a writer, I do not like myself at all. The trouble is that I am made giddy, as it were, by the fumes of my brain, and often hardly know what I am writing. I love this lake, these trees, the blue heaven; nature's voice speaks to me and wakes a feeling

Thesaurus appeared: (n) appearing. distrustful: (adj) suspicious, doubtful, diffident, distrust, jealous, leery, shy, apprehensive, skeptical, scrupulous, disbelieving. ANTONYMS: (adj) trusting, trustful, aggressive, assured, believing, faithful, unwary, certain, optimistic. enmity: (n, v) animosity; (n) antagonism, animus, hostility, aggression, rancor, ill will, antipathy, hatred, war, dislike. ANTONYMS:

(n) friendship, friendliness, affinity, beguilingly. love, kindness, affection, adoration, mortally: (adv) lethally, deadly, amity, cooperation, goodwill. pestilently, perniciously, extremely, giddy: (adj, v) flighty; (adj) dizzy, faint, humanly, grievously, poisonously, silly, changeable, vertiginous, individually, killingly, dangerously. ANTONYM: (adv) mildly. featherbrained, light, fickle, capricious; (adv) careless. odious: (adj, v) hateful, obnoxious; ANTONYMS: (adj) serious, dull. (adj) detestable, hideous, nasty, irresistibly: (adv) charmingly, execrable, disgusting, abhorrent, necessarily, overwhelmingly, abominable, heinous, forbidding. ANTONYMS: (adj) pleasant, charismatically, fiercely, temptingly, overpoweringly, appealingly, delightful, agreeable, lovable, nice.

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of passion in my heart, and I am overcome by an uncontrollable desire to write. But I am not only a painter of landscapes, I am a man of the city besides. I love my country, too, and her people; I feel that, as a writer, it is my duty to speak of their sorrows, of their future, also of science, of the rights of man, and so forth. So I write on every subject, and the public hounds me on all sides, sometimes in anger, and I race and dodge like a fox with a pack of hounds on his trail. I see life and knowledge flitting away before me. I am left behind them like a peasant who has missed his train at a station, and finally I come back to the conclusion that all I am fit for is to describe landscapes, and that whatever else I attempt rings abominably false.% NINA. You work too hard to realise the importance of your writings. What if you are discontented with yourself? To others you appear a great and splendid man. If I were a writer like you I should devote my whole life to the service of the Russian people, knowing at the same time that their welfare depended on their power to rise to the heights I had attained, and the people should send me before them in a chariot of triumph. TRIGORIN. In a chariot? Do you think I am Agamemnon? [They both smile.] NINA. For the bliss of being a writer or an actress I could endure want, and disillusionment, and the hatred of my friends, and the pangs of my own dissatisfaction with myself; but I should demand in return fame, real, resounding fame! [She covers her face with her hands] Whew! My head reels! THE VOICE OF ARKADINA. [From inside the house] Boris! Boris! TRIGORIN. She is calling me, probably to come and pack, but I don't want to leave this place. [His eyes rest on the lake] What a blessing such beauty is!

Thesaurus abominably: (adv) atrociously, (adj) pleased, satisfied, happy, encounter, meet, accept. flitting: (adj) fleeting, fugitive, awfully, terribly, repulsively, badly, content. disillusionment: (n) disenchantment, momentary, transient, ephemeral; (v) frightfully, awful, sadly, hideously, sickeningly, rottenly. disillusion, disappointment, letdown, migration. chariot: (n) car, wagon, carriage, pangs: (n) anguish, compunction, chagrin, edification, sophistication, waggon, vehicle, wain, equipage, regret, frustration, distress, lethargy. contrition, distress. ANTONYMS: (n) energy, resounding: (adj) booming, ringing, char. discontented: (adj, v) querulous, gratification, satisfaction. reverberating, loud, rolling, vibrant, complaining; (adj) disaffected, dodge: (n, v) stratagem, maneuver; (v) emphatic, resonating, reverberant; (v) resound; (adv) resoundingly. disgruntled, malcontent, unsatisfied, avoid, evade, escape, elude, duck, fudge; (n) contrivance, cheat, scheme. ANTONYMS: (adj) qualified, dissatisfied, displeased, miserable, ANTONYMS: (v) confront, put out, ungratified. ANTONYMS: marginal.

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The Sea-Gull

NINA. Do you see that house there, on the far shore? TRIGORIN. Yes.% NINA. That was my dead mother's home. I was born there, and have lived all my life beside this lake. I know every little island in it. TRIGORIN. This is a beautiful place to live. [He catches sight of the dead sea-gull] What is that? NINA. A gull. Constantine shot it. TRIGORIN. What a lovely bird! Really, I can't bear to go away. Can't you persuade Irina to stay? [He writes something in his note-book.] NINA. What are you writing? TRIGORIN. Nothing much, only an idea that occurred to me. [He puts the book back in his pocket] An idea for a short story. A young girl grows up on the shores of a lake, as you have. She loves the lake as the gulls do, and is as happy and free as they. But a man sees her who chances to come that way, and he destroys her out of idleness, as this gull here has been destroyed. [A pause. ARKADINA appears at one of the windows.] ARKADINA. Boris! Where are you? TRIGORIN. I am coming this minute.

Thesaurus bird: (n) wench, poultry, fowl, girl, idleness: (n) lethargy, laziness, torpor, ANTONYMS: (v) discourage, birdie, hen, chick, Bronx cheer, inactivity, idling, unemployment, dissuade, deter, restrain, force. pocket: (v) take, appropriate, steal, lift, shuttlecock, archaeornis, sloth, inaction, inertia, faineance, idlesse. ANTONYMS: (n) energy, catch; (n, v) sack, pouch; (n) cavity, archeopteryx. chances: (n) probability, odds, hole, hollow; (adj) digest. activity, bustle, liveliness, ANTONYM: (v) return. opportunities, possibility, state, responsibility. lake: (n) pond, pool, lagoon, puddle, puts: (n) stocks, securities, preferred circumstances. destroyed: (adj) ruined, lost, desolate, lough, reservoir, loke, bayou, stock, common stock, bonds. shore: (n) coast, edge, beach, seashore, shattered, desolated, broken, crimson, lagune, carmine. stay, seaside, brace, margin; (n, v) depressed, dead, damaged, undone, persuade: (v) convince, coax, assure, fallen. ANTONYMS: (adj) preserved, allure, entice, influence, induce, prop, land, buttress. ANTONYM: (n) living. cajole, argue, exhort, lure. sea.

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He goes toward the house, looking back at NINA. ARKADINA remains at the window.% TRIGORIN. What do you want? ARKADINA. We are not going away, after all. TRIGORIN goes into the house. NINA comes forward and stands lost in thought. NINA. It is a dream! [The curtain falls.]

Thesaurus dream: (n) aspiration, ambition, behind, rearward, back, aft. house: (adj, n, v) family; (adj, n) home; reverie, desire, fantasy, figment, nightmare; (n, v) vision, sleep; (v) (v) accommodate; (n) dwelling, firm, muse, imagine. ANTONYMS: (n) abode, domicile, edifice, habitation, housing; (n, v) lodge. ANTONYM: alertness, nightmare. forward: (adj, prep) bold; (adj, adv) (adj) public. onward; (adj) audacious; (adj, n, v) looking: (n) face, sensing, aspect, promote; (v) expedite, dispatch; (adv) approximation, appearance, fore, along, ahead; (adv, n, v) further; watching, outlook; (v) look at, (adj, adv, n) early. ANTONYMS: (adj, examine; (adv) about; (adj) superficial. adv) backward; (adj) posterior, timid, lost: (adj, v) forlorn, extinct, gone, reverse, abashed, late, formal; (adv) missing, helpless; (adj) hopeless,

bewildered, forgotten, disoriented, broken; (n) loss. ANTONYMS: (adj) present, found, existing, won, saved, aware. remains: (n) debris, corpse, relic, carcass, body, rest, clay, vestige; (adj, n) remainder, remnant; (n, v) trace. stands: (n) bleachers, stood, grandstand, standing, stop, covered stand, standpoint, stall, sales booth, reviewing stand, rack.

Anton Chekhov

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ACT III

[The dining-room of SORIN'S house. Doors open out of it to the right and left. A table stands in the centre of the room. Trunks and boxes encumber the floor, and preparations for departure are evident. TRIGORIN is sitting at a table eating his breakfast, and MASHA is standing beside him.] MASHA. I am telling you all these things because you write books and they may be useful to you. I tell you honestly, I should not have lived another day if he had wounded himself fatally. Yet I am courageous; I have decided to tear this love of mine out of my heart by the roots.% TRIGORIN. How will you do it? MASHA. By marrying Medviedenko. TRIGORIN. The school-teacher? MASHA. Yes.

Thesaurus books: (n) notebook, account, ledger, constrain, hinder, bound, cumber. ANTONYMS: (v) free, alleviate, literature, accountancy. courageous: (adj, n) bold; (adj) assist, aid, facilitate, ease, help, audacious, fearless, valiant, gallant, lighten, relieve. intrepid, spirited, heroic, undaunted, fatally: (adv) lethally, fatefully, manly, confident. ANTONYMS: (adj) perniciously, disastrously, timid, wimpy, weak, spineless, destructively, terminally, deadly, pusillanimous, fearful, fainthearted, pestilently, killingly, calamitously; (adj, adv) dangerously. afraid, despicable. dining-room: (n) canteen, restaurant. marrying: (adj) married. encumber: (v) saddle, clog, hamper, tear: (n, v) rip, break, split, rupture, crack, run, slit; (v) pull, rend, lacerate; charge, lumber, tax, embarrass,

(adj, v) rush. ANTONYMS: (v) wait, mend, idle, fix, amble, dawdle. trunks: (n) short pants, pants, luggage, Jockey shorts, Jamaica shorts, Bermuda shorts, bathing trunks, bathing suit, costume, drawers, swimming trunks. wounded: (adj, v) hurt; (n) casualty, maimed; (adj) bruised, injured, bloody, aggrieved, saddened; (v) stricken, wound, struck. ANTONYM: (adj) unaffected.

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TRIGORIN. I don't see the necessity for that.% MASHA. Oh, if you knew what it is to love without hope for years and years, to wait for ever for something that will never come! I shall not marry for love, but marriage will at least be a change, and will bring new cares to deaden the memories of the past. Shall we have another drink? TRIGORIN. Haven't you had enough? MASHA. Fiddlesticks! [She fills a glass] Don't look at me with that expression on your face. Women drink oftener than you imagine, but most of them do it in secret, and not openly, as I do. They do indeed, and it is always either vodka or brandy. [They touch glasses] To your good health! You are so easy to get on with that I am sorry to see you go. [They drink.] TRIGORIN. And I am sorry to leave. MASHA. You should ask her to stay. TRIGORIN. She would not do that now. Her son has been behaving outrageously. First he attempted suicide, and now I hear he is going to challenge me to a duel, though what his provocation may be I can't imagine. He is always sulking and sneering and preaching about a new form of art, as if the field of art were not large enough to accommodate both old and new without the necessity of jostling. MASHA. It is jealousy. However, that is none of my business. [A pause. JACOB walks through the room carrying a trunk; NINA comes in and stands by the window] That schoolteacher of mine is none too clever, but he is very good,

Thesaurus attempted: (adj) unsuccessful. deaden: (n, v) dampen, blunt, benumb, stun, obtund; (adj, n, v) damp; (v) muffle, mute, cushion; (adj, v) quell; (adj) allay. ANTONYMS: (v) accentuate, amplify, enliven, heighten, strengthen, build, invigorate, increase. duel: (v) combat, duello, contest, buck, repel, resist; (n, v) fight, tilt; (n) affaire d'honneur, monomachy, prize fight. jostling: (v) jarring; (adj) bustling; (n)

(v) preach; (adj) hence. elbowing. outrageously: (adv) disgracefully, schoolteacher: (n) schoolmaster, scandalously, preposterously, educator, schoolmistress, lecturer, shockingly, exorbitantly, teacher, school teacher, mistress, ridiculously, shamefully, professor, master, tutor, extortionately, nastily, excessively, educationalist. crazily. ANTONYMS: (adv) sneering: (adj) contemptuous, admirably, sensibly, politely, calmly, disdainful, sarcastic, mocking, snide, modestly, commendably. scornful, disparaging, disapproving; preaching: (n) sermon, lecture, (n) mockery, disdain; (adv) sneeringly. ANTONYMS: (adj) homily, preachment, baccalaureate, speech, pulpit, exhortation, kerygma; respectful, admiring.

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poor man, and he loves me dearly, and I am sorry for him. However, let me say good-bye and wish you a pleasant journey. Remember me kindly in your thoughts. [She shakes hands with him] Thanks for your goodwill. Send me your books, and be sure to write something in them; nothing formal, but simply this: "To Masha, who, forgetful of her origin, for some unknown reason is living in this world." Good-bye. [She goes out.] NINA. [Holding out her closed hand to TRIGORIN] Is it odd or even? TRIGORIN. Even.% NINA. [With a sigh] No, it is odd. I had only one pea in my hand. I wanted to see whether I was to become an actress or not. If only some one would advise me what to do! TRIGORIN. One cannot give advice in a case like this. [A pause.] NINA. We shall soon part, perhaps never to meet again. I should like you to accept this little medallion as a remembrance of me. I have had your initials engraved on it, and on this side is the name of one of your books: "Days and Nights." TRIGORIN. How sweet of you! [He kisses the medallion] It is a lovely present. NINA. Think of me sometimes. TRIGORIN. I shall never forget you. I shall always remember you as I saw you that bright day--do you recall it?--a week ago, when you wore your light dress, and we talked together, and the white seagull lay on the bench beside us.

Thesaurus dearly: (adv) affectionately, preciously, ANTONYMS: (adj) mindful, darlingly, sweetly, petly, watchful, alert, remembering, expensively, belovedly, intimately, retentive. goodwill: (n) friendship, friendliness, highly, heartfeltly, lovely. engraved: (adj) carved, inscribed, amity, grace, kindness, benevolence, etched, sculptured, chased, cut in, altruism, readiness, favour, graphic, graven; (prep) insculptured; neighborliness, sympathy. (v) fixed, imprinted. ANTONYMS: (n) hostility, malice, forgetful: (adj) oblivious, inattentive, opposition, malevolence. negligent, lax, absent-minded, casual, medallion: (n) laurels, decoration, unmindful, neglectful, heedless, laurel wreath, locket, pendant, palm, unaware; (adj, v) remiss. ribbon, bay wreath, badge, accolade.

remembrance: (n, v) recollection, mind; (n) commemoration, memorial, recall, relic, monument, keepsake, reminiscence, recognition; (adj, n) memento. seagull: (n) sea gull, kittiwake, pewit, blackcap, cob, mew gull, sea mew, patsy, pewit gull, schlemiel, mews. sigh: (n, v) groan, suspire, murmur; (v) breathe, languish, pine; (n) breath, wail, whimper, whine, suspiration. whether: (pron) where.

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NINA. [Lost in thought] Yes, the sea-gull. [A pause] I beg you to let me see you alone for two minutes before you go.% [She goes out to the left. At the same moment ARKADINA comes in from the right, followed by SORIN in a long coat, with his orders on his breast, and by JACOB, who is busy packing.] ARKADINA. Stay here at home, you poor old man. How could you pay visits with that rheumatism of yours? [To TRIGORIN] Who left the room just now, was it Nina? TRIGORIN. Yes. ARKADINA. I beg your pardon; I am afraid we interrupted you. [She sits down] I think everything is packed. I am absolutely exhausted. TRIGORIN. [Reading the inscription on the medallion] "Days and Nights, page 121, lines 11 and 12." JACOB. [Clearing the table] Shall I pack your fishing-rods, too, sir? TRIGORIN. Yes, I shall need them, but you can give my books away. JACOB. Very well, sir. TRIGORIN. [To himself] Page 121, lines 11 and 12. [To ARKADINA] Have we my books here in the house? ARKADINA. Yes, they are in my brother's library, in the corner cupboard.

Thesaurus breast: (n) boob, udder, tit, titty, chest, unexhausted, replenished, remaining, acquit, spare; (n) amnesty, forgiveness, grace; (adj, v) justify, knocker, mammilla, bust, pap, heart; energized, invigorated, restocked. (n, v) front. inscription: (n) epigraph, entry, exonerate, exculpate. ANTONYMS: cupboard: (n) cabinet, buffet, armoire, dedication, autograph, epitaph, (n, v) blame; (v) punish, castigate, condemn, convict; (n) intolerance. commode, wardrobe, locker, dresser, registration, lettering, writing, rheumatism: (n) arthritis, atrophic sideboard, chest of drawers, record, superscription, title. interrupted: (adj) discontinuous, fitful, arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid bookcase, storeroom. exhausted: (adj) fatigued, tired, spent, intermittent, discontinued, arthritis; (v) lumbago, podagra, dry, empty, depleted, jaded, disconnected, unsuccessive, otalgia, neuralgia, earache, enervated, faint; (adj, v) gone, weak. intervallic, episodic, gaping, periodic; cephalalgia, odontalgia, sciatica. ANTONYMS: (adj) fresh, refreshed, (prep) interrupt. shall: (n) must, necessity; (v) require, pardon: (v) excuse, condone, forgive, strong, restored, vigorous, bequeath, leave.

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TRIGORIN. Page 121-- [He goes out.] SORIN. You are going away, and I shall be lonely without you.% ARKADINA. What would you do in town? SORIN. Oh, nothing in particular, but somehow-- [He laughs] They are soon to lay the corner-stone of the new court-house here. How I should like to leap out of this minnow-pond, if but for an hour or two! I am tired of lying here like an old cigarette stump. I have ordered the carriage for one o'clock. We can go away together. ARKADINA. [After a pause] No, you must stay here. Don't be lonely, and don't catch cold. Keep an eye on my boy. Take good care of him; guide him along the proper paths. [A pause] I am going away, and so shall never find out why Constantine shot himself, but I think the chief reason was jealousy, and the sooner I take Trigorin away, the better. SORIN. There were--how shall I explain it to you?--other reasons besides jealousy for his act. Here is a clever young chap living in the depths of the country, without money or position, with no future ahead of him, and with nothing to do. He is ashamed and afraid of being so idle. I am devoted to him and he is fond of me, but nevertheless he feels that he is useless here, that he is little more than a dependent in this house. It is the pride in him. ARKADINA. He is a misery to me! [Thoughtfully] He might possibly enter the army. SORIN. [Gives a whistle, and then speaks with hesitation] It seems to me that the best thing for him would be if you were to let him have a little money. For

Thesaurus depths: (n) bottom, abyss, depth, unfounded, fruitless, baseless, carefully, kindly, reflectively, lowest point, low point, depression, groundless, frivolous, empty, meditatively, attentively, solemnly, disengaged. ANTONYMS: (adj) bowels, rock bottom, slump, midst, contemplatively, seriously, nadir. ANTONYM: (n) peak. active, employed, industrious, prudently, cautiously. ANTONYMS: hesitation: (n, v) falter, fear; (n) (adv) unsympathetically, energetic, meaningful, productive, worthwhile, diligent; (v) change, run, unthinkingly, carelessly, contentedly, hesitance, faltering, delay, hesitate, diffidence, hesitancy, qualm, work. rashly, inconsiderately, selfishly, reluctance; (v) hesitating. stump: (n) stub, end, pulpit; (v) meanly, insensitively, tactlessly, ANTONYMS: (n) certainty, confuse, stamp, baffle, perplex, cruelly. resolution, confidence, decisiveness, nonplus, puzzle, bewilder, mystify. whistle: (v) sing, twitter, hiss, warble, ANTONYM: (v) explain. tweet, cheep, chirp, wheeze; (n, v) enthusiasm, inclination, willingness. idle: (adj) lazy, indolent, inactive, free, thoughtfully: (adv) considerately, cry; (n) whistling, tin whistle.

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one thing, he ought to be allowed to dress like a human being. See how he looks! Wearing the same little old coat that he has had for three years, and he doesn't even possess an overcoat! [Laughing] And it wouldn't hurt the youngster to sow a few wild oats; let him go abroad, say, for a time. It wouldn't cost much.% ARKADINA. Yes, but-- However, I think I might manage about his clothes, but I couldn't let him go abroad. And no, I don't think I can let him have his clothes even, now. [Decidedly] I have no money at present. [SORIN laughs.] ARKADINA. I haven't indeed. SORIN. [Whistles] Very well. Forgive me, darling; don't be angry. You are a noble, generous woman! ARKADINA. [Weeping] I really haven't the money. SORIN. If I had any money of course I should let him have some myself, but I haven't even a penny. The farm manager takes my pension from me and puts it all into the farm or into cattle or bees, and in that way it is always lost for ever. The bees die, the cows die, they never let me have a horse. ARKADINA. Of course I have some money, but I am an actress and my expenses for dress alone are enough to bankrupt me. SORIN. You are a dear, and I am very fond of you, indeed I am. But something is the matter with me again. [He staggers] I feel giddy. [He leans against the table] I feel faint, and all.

Thesaurus bankrupt: (v) ruin, break, impoverish, definitely, absolutely, emphatically, deprive; (adj) broke, destitute, poor, decisively, resolutely, firmly, impoverished; (n) bankruptcy, markedly, surely, determinedly. ANTONYMS: (adv) uncertainly, failure, insolvency. ANTONYMS: (adj) rich, profiting, flourishing, equivocally, slightly, vaguely. wealthy; (v) enrich. fond: (adj) affectionate, caring, bees: (n) Apoidea, superfamily devoted, tender, loving, amorous, Apoidea. delicate, adoring, doting, ardent, cows: (n) cattle, cow, bull, ox, oxen, attached. ANTONYMS: (adj) Bos Taurus, bullock, beef, Cowes, aversion, cold, rough. oats: (n) Avena, grain, millet, cereal, steer, milker. decidedly: (adv) clearly, positively, cereal grass, common oats, genus

Avena, Haver, holder, maize, buckwheat. overcoat: (n) greatcoat, coat, cloak, robe, topcoat, surcoat, coating, overcoating, capote, chesterfield, gown. staggers: (v) fuss, rout, racket, bustle, hubbub, subsultus; (n) epilepsy. youngster: (n) lad, juvenile, kid, child, urchin, toddler, youth, adolescent, bairn, baby, tot. ANTONYMS: (n) adult, elder.

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ARKADINA. [Frightened ] Peter! [She tries to support him] Peter! dearest! [She calls] Help! Help! TREPLIEFF and MEDVIEDENKO come in; TREPLIEFF has a bandage around his head.% ARKADINA. He is fainting! SORIN. I am all right. [He smiles and drinks some water] It is all over now. TREPLIEFF. [To his mother] Don't be frightened, mother, these attacks are not dangerous; my uncle often has them now. [To his uncle] You must go and lie down, Uncle. SORIN. Yes, I think I shall, for a few minutes. I am going to Moscow all the same, but I shall lie down a bit before I start. [He goes out leaning on his cane.] MEDVIEDENKO. [Giving him his arm] Do you know this riddle? On four legs in the morning; on two legs at noon; and on three legs in the evening? SORIN. [Laughing] Yes, exactly, and on one's back at night. Thank you, I can walk alone. MEDVIEDENKO. Dear me, what formality! [He and SORIN go out.] ARKADINA. He gave me a dreadful fright. TREPLIEFF. It is not good for him to live in the country. Mother, if you would only untie

Thesaurus bandage: (v) bind, wrap, dress, canted, inclined. ANTONYMS: (n) ceremoniousness, starch, ritual, rite, envelop; (adj, n) truss, tie; (n) swathe, observance; (n, v) stiffness. antipathy, dislike; (adj) upright. binding, roller, gauze; (adj) string. ANTONYMS: (n) casualness, noon: (n) high noon, noonday, ANTONYM: (v) undress. possibility, warmth, friendliness. noontide, afternoon, hour, dearest: (n) dear, darling, love, honey, fright: (n, v) dismay, alarm, scare, dinnertime, crest, twelve noon; (adj) affright; (n) awe, fear, dread, terror, meridian, meridional; (adj, n) lover, sweetheart, loved one, baby; (adj) precious, intimate, sweet. horror, consternation, apprehension. culmination. fainting: (n) swoon, syncope, ANTONYMS: (n) calm, fearlessness, riddle: (n) mystery, conundrum, puzzle, problem, poser; (n, v) screen, deliquium, lipothymy, prostration, courage, confidence, security. stupor; (adj) lipothymic. leaning: (adj, n) bent, disposition, sieve; (v) puncture, strain, filter, sift. formality: (n) ceremony, formalities, partiality; (n) propensity, bias, ANTONYM: (n) explanation. tendency, incline, lean; (adj) tilted, decorum, etiquette, custom,

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your purse-strings for once, and lend him a thousand roubles! He could then spend a whole year in town.% ARKADINA. I have no money. I am an actress and not a banker. [A pause.] TREPLIEFF. Please change my bandage for me, mother, you do it so gently. ARKADINA goes to the cupboard and takes out a box of bandages and a bottle of iodoform. ARKADINA. The doctor is late. TREPLIEFF. Yes, he promised to be here at nine, and now it is noon already. ARKADINA. Sit down. [She takes the bandage off his head] You look as if you had a turban on. A stranger that was in the kitchen yesterday asked to what nationality you belonged. Your wound is almost healed. [She kisses his head] You won't be up to any more of these silly tricks again, will you, when I am gone? TREPLIEFF. No, mother. I did that in a moment of insane despair, when I had lost all control over myself. It will never happen again. [He kisses her hand] Your touch is golden. I remember when you were still acting at the State Theatre, long ago, when I was still a little chap, there was a fight one day in our court, and a poor washerwoman was almost beaten to death. She was picked up unconscious, and you nursed her till she was well, and bathed her children in the washtubs. Have you forgotten it? ARKADINA. Yes, entirely. [She puts on a new bandage.]

Thesaurus banker: (n) cashier, teller, cambist, investor, moneyman, bank employee, capitalist, ditcher, goldsmith, usurer, moneyer. bathed: (adj) sweaty. healed: (adj) recovered, heal, recover, whole, corned, well, aged. insane: (adj) foolish, daft, demented, mad, delirious, lunatic, fool, moonstruck, frantic, idiotic, nutty. ANTONYM: (adj) sensible. iodoform: (n) triiodomethane,

unconscious: (adj) involuntary, antiseptic. nationality: (n) nation, nationalism, unaware, ignorant, unwitting, patriotism, people, citizenship, subconscious, oblivious, automatic, civism, race, folk, public spirit, insensible, unintentional, instinctive, senseless. ANTONYMS: (adj) registry, position. nursed: (adj) care, suckled. conscious, awake, deliberate, aware, tricks: (n) actions, behavior, thing, voluntary, intentional, alive, wary. washerwoman: (n) laundrywoman, clowning around, fooling, magic, plunder, possession, activities. washwoman, washer, washerman, turban: (n) peruke, pelt, periwig, dhobi, launder, laundryman. pillbox, toque, front, caftan, chignon, turbant, headgear, millinery.

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TREPLIEFF. Two ballet dancers lived in the same house, and they used to come and drink coffee with you.% ARKADINA. I remember that. TREPLIEFF. They were very pious. [A pause] I love you again, these last few days, as tenderly and trustingly as I did as a child. I have no one left me now but you. Why, why do you let yourself be controlled by that man? ARKADINA. You don't understand him, Constantine. He has a wonderfully noble personality. TREPLIEFF. Nevertheless, when he has been told that I wish to challenge him to a duel his nobility does not prevent him from playing the coward. He is about to beat an ignominious retreat. ARKADINA. What nonsense! I have asked him myself to go. TREPLIEFF. A noble personality indeed! Here we are almost quarrelling over him, and he is probably in the garden laughing at us at this very moment, or else enlightening Nina's mind and trying to persuade her into thinking him a man of genius. ARKADINA. You enjoy saying unpleasant things to me. I have the greatest respect for that man, and I must ask you not to speak ill of him in my presence. TREPLIEFF. I have no respect for him at all. You want me to think him a genius, as you do, but I refuse to lie: his books make me sick.

Thesaurus coward: (n) cur, pantywaist, sneak, unenlightening, unilluminating. sinful, profane, blasphemous, ignominious: (adj) dishonorable, dastard, milksop, weakling, irreligious, uncommitted, secular, milquetoast; (adj) gutless, shameful, disreputable, infamous, irreverent. quarrelling: (adj) at variance, in chickenhearted, pusillanimous, base, discreditable, dishonourable, chicken-hearted. ANTONYMS: (n) inglorious, black, despicable, dispute, in disagreement, in conflict; daredevil, stalwart; (adj) brave. degrading. ANTONYMS: (adj) (n) dissension. enlightening: (adj) edifying, trustingly: (adv) confidingly, honorable, glorious. pious: (adj, n, v) devout; (adj, n) godly; unsuspectingly, naively, credulously, instructive, illuminating, didactic, (adj) religious, holy, saintly, educational, calming, innocently, confidently, showing trust. ANTONYMS: (adv) doubtfully, communicative, clarifying, useful, devotional, pure, hypocritical, taming, revealing. ANTONYMS: (adj) devoted, sanctimonious; (adj, v) distrustfully. earnest. ANTONYMS: (adj) impious, mystifying, unedifying,

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ARKADINA. You envy him. There is nothing left for people with no talent and mighty pretensions to do but to criticise those who are really gifted. I hope you enjoy the consolation it brings.% TREPLIEFF. [With irony] Those who are really gifted, indeed! [Angrily] I am cleverer than any of you, if it comes to that! [He tears the bandage off his head] You are the slaves of convention, you have seized the upper hand and now lay down as law everything that you do; all else you strangle and trample on. I refuse to accept your point of view, yours and his, I refuse! ARKADINA. That is the talk of a decadent. TREPLIEFF. Go back to your beloved stage and act the miserable ditch-water plays you so much admire! ARKADINA. I never acted in a play like that in my life. You couldn't write even the trashiest music-hall farce, you idle good-for-nothing! TREPLIEFF. Miser! ARKADINA. Rag-bag! [TREPLIEFF sits down and begins to cry softly.] ARKADINA. [Walking up and down in great excitement] Don't cry! You mustn't cry! [She bursts into tears] You really mustn't. [She kisses his forehead, his cheeks, his head] My darling child, forgive me. Forgive your wicked mother. TREPLIEFF. [Embracing her] Oh, if you could only know what it is to have lost everything

Thesaurus cheeks: (n) Gemini, twins, couple, (adj) judge. farce: (n) comedy, travesty, joke, posterior, pair, deuce, two, duet. consolation: (n) comfort, relief, balm, mockery, sham, play, charade, succor, ease, cheer, solacement, caricature, dressing, forcemeat, buffoonery. ANTONYMS: (n) encouragement, sympathy, alleviation, express sympathy. tragedy, drama. ANTONYMS: (n) grief, sorrow, gifted: (adj) capable, accomplished, distress, discouragement, talented, able, apt, proficient, aggravation. brilliant, ingenious, expert, criticise: (v) comment, criminate, intelligent, adept. ANTONYMS: (adj) chide, berate, reprehend, knock, inept, dim, incompetent, mediocre, reprove, denounce, deplore, criticize; slow, clumsy.

good-for-nothing: (adj) worthless, feckless, pointless, asinine, unworthy; (n) loafer, do-nothing, rascal, rotter, cur, trash. pretensions: (n) airs, affected manner, mannerism. slaves: (n) helotry, bondsmen. strangle: (v) smother, stifle, asphyxiate, scrag, tighten, repress, constrict, pinch, strangulate; (adj, v) throttle; (n) strangling.

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under heaven! She does not love me. I see I shall never be able to write. Every hope has deserted me.% ARKADINA. Don't despair. This will all pass. He is going away to-day, and she will love you once more. [She wipes away his tears] Stop crying. We have made peace again. TREPLIEFF. [Kissing her hand] Yes, mother. ARKADINA. [Tenderly] Make your peace with him, too. Don't fight with him. You surely won't fight? TREPLIEFF. I won't, but you must not insist on my seeing him again, mother, I couldn't stand it. [TRIGORIN comes in] There he is; I am going. [He quickly puts the medicines away in the cupboard] The doctor will attend to my head. TRIGORIN. [Looking through the pages of a book] Page 121, lines 11 and 12; here it is. [He reads] "If at any time you should have need of my life, come and take it." [TREPLIEFF picks up the bandage off the floor and goes out.] ARKADINA. [Looking at her watch] The carriage will soon be here. TRIGORIN. [To himself] If at any time you should have need of my life, come and take it. ARKADINA. I hope your things are all packed. TRIGORIN. [Impatiently] Yes, yes. [In deep thought] Why do I hear a note of sadness that wrings my heart in this cry of a pure soul? If at any time you should have

Thesaurus attend: (n, v) tend, escort, nurse, packed, crowded, mobbed, dense, thick, congested, teeming, conduct; (v) assist, serve, minister, cramped. ANTONYMS: (adj) populated, populous, overcrowded. heaven: (n) Eden, firmament, bliss, aid, look, partake, follow. deserted, loose, open. ANTONYMS: (v) neglect, leave, Elysium, sky, nirvana, glory, Elysian sadness: (n, v) melancholy, Fields, Garden of Eden, utopia; (adj) despondency; (adj, n) grief, distress; ignore, disregard, desert, abandon. carriage: (n) attitude, conveyance, cab, celestial. ANTONYM: (n) misery. (n) misery, sorrow, desolation, regret, insist: (v) affirm, assert, contend, air, walk, position, mien, shipping; gloom, mourning, affliction. (n, v) transport, behavior, port. ANTONYMS: (n) joy, amusement, demand, claim, asseverate, declare, deserted: (adj) desert, solitary, empty, maintain, urge, importune, press. cheerfulness, laughter, contentment, ANTONYMS: (v) request, deny. lonely, isolated, forsaken, lonesome, comfort, cheer, hopefulness. desolate, bleak, vacant; (adj, v) packed: (adj) full, compact, filled, forlorn. ANTONYMS: (adj) occupied, jammed, overcrowded, crammed,

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need of my life, come and take it. [To ARKADINA] Let us stay here one more day! [ARKADINA shakes her head.] TRIGORIN. Do let us stay! ARKADINA. I know, dearest, what keeps you here, but you must control yourself. Be sober; your emotions have intoxicated you a little.% TRIGORIN. You must be sober, too. Be sensible; look upon what has happened as a true friend would. [Taking her hand] You are capable of self-sacrifice. Be a friend to me and release me! ARKADINA. [In deep excitement] Are you so much in love? TRIGORIN. I am irresistibly impelled toward her. It may be that this is just what I need. ARKADINA. What, the love of a country girl? Oh, how little you know yourself! TRIGORIN. People sometimes walk in their sleep, and so I feel as if I were asleep, and dreaming of her as I stand here talking to you. My imagination is shaken by the sweetest and most glorious visions. Release me! ARKADINA. [Shuddering] No, no! I am only an ordinary woman; you must not say such things to me. Do not torment me, Boris; you frighten me. TRIGORIN. You could be an extraordinary woman if you only would. Love alone can bring happiness on earth, love the enchanting, the poetical love of youth, that sweeps away the sorrows of the world. I had no time for it when I was

Thesaurus emotions: (n) reputation, emotion, feeling, temperament, personality, character, disposition, breast, bosom. enchanting: (adj) captivating, delightful, fascinating, bewitching, lovely, alluring, magical, glamorous, adorable; (adj, v) charming, engaging. ANTONYMS: (adj) unhappy, revolting, repulsive, repellent, foul, everyday, dull, disenchanting, annoying, uninteresting, despicable. frighten: (v) cow, alarm, daunt, terrify,

appall, scare, affright, intimidate, terrorize, appal; (n, v) fright. ANTONYMS: (v) comfort, reassure, soothe, calm. impelled: (adj) prompted, provoked, determined, compulsive, encouraged, goaded, motivated, bound. intoxicated: (adj) drunken, drunk, inebriate, tipsy, elated, stimulated, intoxicate, infatuated, fuddled, loaded, plastered. ANTONYM: (adj) sober.

poetical: (adj) imaginative, rhetorical, poematic, figurative, inventive. self-sacrifice: (n) martyrdom, renunciation. sweeps: (n) sweep period. torment: (n, v) tease, distress, harass, afflict, pain, annoy; (n) agony, anguish, suffering; (v) persecute, oppress. ANTONYMS: (v) please, delight, placate, comfort, soothe; (n) contentment, happiness, pleasure, calm, content.

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young and struggling with want and laying siege to the literary fortress, but now at last this love has come to me. I see it beckoning; why should I fly? ARKADINA. [With anger] You are mad! TRIGORIN. Release me.% ARKADINA. You have all conspired together to torture me to-day. [She weeps.] TRIGORIN. [Clutching his head desperately] She doesn't understand me! She won't understand me! ARKADINA. Am I then so old and ugly already that you can talk to me like this without any shame about another woman? [She embraces and kisses him] Oh, you have lost your senses! My splendid, my glorious friend, my love for you is the last chapter of my life. [She falls on her knees] You are my pride, my joy, my light. [She embraces his knees] I could never endure it should you desert me, if only for an hour; I should go mad. Oh, my wonder, my marvel, my king! TRIGORIN. Some one might come in. [He helps her to rise.] ARKADINA. Let them come! I am not ashamed of my love. [She kisses his hands] My jewel! My despair! You want to do a foolish thing, but I don't want you to do it. I shan't let you do it! [She laughs] You are mine, you are mine! This forehead is mine, these eyes are mine, this silky hair is mine. All your being is mine. You are so clever, so wise, the first of all living writers; you are the only hope of your country. You are so fresh, so simple, so deeply humourous. You can bring out every feature of a man or of a landscape in a single line, and your characters live and breathe. Do you think that these

Thesaurus beckoning: (adj) irresistible. endure: (adj, n, v) continue, support; (n, v) bear, suffer, stand, be; (v) accept, undergo, allow, stay, tolerate. ANTONYMS: (v) perish, die, break, fall, discontinue, crumble, end, enjoy, resign, quit, collapse. fortress: (n) fort, bulwark, fortification, castle, stronghold, citadel, alcazar, tower, presidio, redoubt; (n, v) keep. humourous: (adj) humorous. jewel: (n) gemstone, darling,

diamond, jewelry, trinket, treasure, ornament, idol; (adj, n) bijou, precious stone; (adj) brilliant. marvel: (n, v) wonder; (n) prodigy, curiosity, phenomenon, amazement, miracle, portent, marl, surprise, admiration; (v) admire. ANTONYMS: (v) disregard; (n) nightmare. siege: (n) blockade, envelopment, encirclement, investment, besieging; (v) beleaguer, encompass, environ, envelop, encircle, beset.

silky: (adj, v) silken; (adj) glossy, soft, smooth, satiny, delicate, fine, fluffy, sericeous, slick, downy. ANTONYMS: (adj) rough, harsh, coarse, dull. torture: (n, v) pain, distress, agonize, afflict; (n) agony, anguish, suffering, excruciation, grief; (v) rack, excruciate. ANTONYMS: (n) relief, alleviation, content, ecstasy, joy, pleasure; (v) relieve, alleviate.

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words are but the incense of flattery? Do you think I am not speaking the truth? Come, look into my eyes; look deep; do you find lies there? No, you see that I alone know how to treasure you. I alone tell you the truth. Oh, my very dear, you will go with me? You will? You will not forsake me? TRIGORIN. I have no will of my own; I never had. I am too indolent, too submissive, too phlegmatic, to have any. Is it possible that women like that? Take me. Take me away with you, but do not let me stir a step from your side.% ARKADINA. [To herself] Now he is mine! [Carelessly, as if nothing unusual had happened] Of course you must stay here if you really want to. I shall go, and you can follow in a week's time. Yes, really, why should you hurry away? TRIGORIN. Let us go together. ARKADINA. As you like. Let us go together then. [A pause. TRIGORIN writes something in his note-book] What are you writing? TRIGORIN. A happy expression I heard this morning: "A grove of maiden pines." It may be useful. [He yawns] So we are really off again, condemned once more to railway carriages, to stations and restaurants, to Hamburger steaks and endless arguments! [SHAMRAEFF comes in.] SHAMRAEFF. I am sorry to have to inform you that your carriage is at the door. It is time to start, honoured madam, the train leaves at two-five. Would you be kind enough, madam, to remember to inquire for me where Suzdaltzeff the actor is now? Is he still alive, I wonder? Is he well? He and I have had many a jolly time together. He was inimitable in "The Stolen Mail." A tragedian called Izmailoff was in the same company, I remember, who was also quite

Thesaurus flattery: (n, v) cajolery; (n) blarney, compliment, adulation, taffy, palaver, praise, gloze, sweet talk, sycophancy, soft soap. ANTONYMS: (n) insult, offense. forsake: (v) abandon, ditch, relinquish, abdicate, fail, leave, forgo, chuck, disclaim; (n, v) drop; (adj, v) quit. ANTONYM: (v) support. incense: (v) enrage, anger, provoke, irritate, infuriate, aggravate, rile, cense, inflame; (n) fragrance, aroma.

ANTONYMS: (v) please, pacify. lethargic, passive, inert, nonchalant, indolent: (adj) idle, lazy, slothful, cold, careless. ANTONYM: (adj) sluggish, careless, slow, dull, torpid, demonstrative. inert, drowsy, listless. ANTONYMS: submissive: (adj) obedient, passive, (adj) active, industrious, vigorous, meek, dutiful, obsequious, docile, diligent. compliant, resigned, subject, lowly, inquire: (v) demand, ask, explore, servile. ANTONYMS: (adj) assertive, enquire, inspect, research, consult, resistant, disobedient, defiant, pry, request, wonder; (n, v) question. obstinate, rebellious, wild, ANTONYM: (v) answer. intractable, proactive; (adv) bossily. phlegmatic: (adj) indifferent, listless, tragedian: (n) thespian, comedian, role stolid, unconcerned, phlegmatical, player, histrion, actor, author, player.

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remarkable. Don't hurry, madam, you still have five minutes. They were both of them conspirators once, in the same melodrama, and one night when in the course of the play they were suddenly discovered, instead of saying "We have been trapped!" Izmailoff cried out: "We have been rapped!" [He laughs] Rapped! [While he has been talking JACOB has been busy with the trunks, and the maid has brought ARKADINA her hat, coat, parasol, and gloves. The cook looks hesitatingly through the door on the right, and finally comes into the room. PAULINA comes in. MEDVIEDENKO comes in.] PAULINA. [Presenting ARKADINA with a little basket] Here are some plums for the journey. They are very sweet ones. You may want to nibble something good on the way.% ARKADINA. You are very kind, Paulina. PAULINA. Good-bye, my dearie. If things have not been quite as you could have wished, please forgive us. [She weeps.] ARKADINA. It has been delightful, delightful. You mustn't cry. [SORIN comes in through the door on the left, dressed in a long coat with a cape, and carrying his hat and cane. He crosses the room.] SORIN. Come, sister, it is time to start, unless you want to miss the train. I am going to get into the carriage. [He goes out.] MEDVIEDENKO. I shall walk quickly to the station and see you off there. [He goes out.] ARKADINA. Good-bye, all! We shall meet again next summer if we live. [The maid

Thesaurus basket: (n) cage, hamper, basketful, dearie: (n) deary, chosen, lover, pet, creel, Corf, coop, bucket, spinner mollycoddle, favorite, ducky, Darling basket, bassinet, containerful, cradle. River, favourite. cane: (n, v) scourge, whip; (v) flog, gloves: (n) gauntlet, mitten, mittens, beat, birch, thrash, lash; (n) stick, bat, gauntlets, scarf, ornament, handbag, rattan, twig. belt, batting glove, boxing glove, cape: (n) headland, ness, shawl, tippet, baseball mitt. hesitatingly: (adv) indecisively, coat, point, mantelet, promontory, mantle, capellet, capeskin. irresolutely, hesitating, waveringly, cook: (v) boil, prepare, brew, bake, doubtfully, undecidedly, make, stew, simmer, grill, falsify, vacillatingly, falteringly. concoct; (n) chef. ANTONYM: (adv) unhesitatingly.

maid: (n) damsel, chambermaid, lass, lassie, girl, domestic, amah, virgin, maiden, housemaid, handmaid. melodrama: (n) excitement, melodrame, soap opera, romance. nibble: (n, v) bite, nip, taste; (v) eat, munch, chew, browse, pick, gnaw, crunch, champ. ANTONYMS: (v) gobble, overeat, gulp, gorge. parasol: (n) sunshade, canopy, awning, umbrella, marquee, beach umbrella, shade, cover, tilt, tent.

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servant, JACOB, and the cook kiss her hand] Don't forget me. [She gives the cook a rouble] There is a rouble for all three of you.% THE COOK. Thank you, mistress; a pleasant journey to you. JACOB. God bless you, mistress. SHAMRAEFF. Send us a line to cheer us up. [TO TRIGORIN] Good-bye, sir. ARKADINA. Where is Constantine? Tell him I am starting. I must say good-bye to him. [To JACOB] I gave the cook a rouble for all three of you. [All go out through the door on the right. The stage remains empty. Sounds of farewell are heard. The maid comes running back to fetch the basket of plums which has been forgotten. TRIGORIN comes back.] TRIGORIN. I had forgotten my cane. I think I left it on the terrace. [He goes toward the door on the right and meets NINA, who comes in at that moment] Is that you? We are off. NINA. I knew we should meet again. [With emotion] I have come to an irrevocable decision, the die is cast: I am going on the stage. I am deserting my father and abandoning everything. I am beginning life anew. I am going, as you are, to Moscow. We shall meet there. TRIGORIN. [Glancing about him] Go to the Hotel Slavianski Bazar. Let me know as soon as you get there. I shall be at the Grosholski House in Moltchanofka Street. I must go now. [A pause.] NINA. Just one more minute!

Thesaurus anew: (adv) again, newly, lately, comfort, delight, cry; (adj, v) recently, over again, once more, once embolden; (n) consolation. again, new; (adj) only yesterday, the ANTONYMS: (n) sadness, boo, other day, just now. uncheerfulness, hiss, pessimism, bless: (v) consecrate, celebrate, raspberry; (v) depress, discourage, sanctify, anoint, eulogize, sign, dissuade, complain, jeer. praise, keep, grant, glorify; (n) farewell: (int, n) adieu; (n) bye, leave, blessing. ANTONYMS: (v) curse, valediction, adios, parting, goodbye, separation, departure, aloha; (int) bon condemn, disapprove, damn, voyage. ANTONYMS: (n) hello, disallow, deny. cheer: (v) animate, applaud, amuse, salutation, welcome. hearten, inspire, lighten; (n, v) heard: (n) hearing.

irrevocable: (adj) irrecoverable, final, irreparable, irremediable, irredeemable, conclusive, irreclaimable, unchangeable, fixed; (adj, v) irretrievable, inevitable. ANTONYMS: (adj) revocable, superficial, provisional, flexible, impermanent. mistress: (n) dame, concubine, madame, inamorata, lady, lover, fancy woman, doxy, girl, kept woman, missis.

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TRIGORIN. % [In a low voice] You are so beautiful! What bliss to think that I shall see you again so soon! [She sinks on his breast] I shall see those glorious eyes again, that wonderful, ineffably tender smile, those gentle features with their expression of angelic purity! My darling! [A prolonged kiss.] [The curtain falls.] [Two years elapse between the third and fourth acts.]

Thesaurus angelic: (adj) cherubic, heavenly, seraphic, virtuous, celestial, beautiful, angelical, divine, good, holy, saintly. ANTONYMS: (adj) devilish, demonic, dark, wicked. bliss: (n) happiness, joy, ecstasy, pleasure, paradise, blessedness, felicity, elation, beatitude, heaven, blessing. ANTONYMS: (n) misery, sorrow, agony, grief, anguish, sadness, suffering, gloom, hell, dissatisfaction.

eyes: (n) sight, eye, vision, view, baby blues, guard, propensity, eyen. glorious: (adj) distinguished, beautiful, bright, celebrated, brilliant, eminent, magnificent, super, great, splendid; (adj, v) illustrious. ANTONYMS: (adj) sorrowful, despicable, horrible, shameful, lowly. ineffably: (adv) indescribably, unspeakably, unutterably, inexpressibly, extremely, deeply. prolonged: (adj) lengthy, chronic,

extended, elongated, lengthened, continuous, continued, expanded, sustained; (adj, v) protracted, lingering. ANTONYMS: (adj) quick, short, temporary. purity: (n) holiness, cleanness, cleanliness, virtue, honor, perfection, pureness, sanctity, chastity, elegance; (adj, n) clearness. ANTONYMS: (n) coarseness, impurity, contamination, clutter, dirtiness, corruption, mustiness.

Anton Chekhov

ACT

65

%IV

[A sitting-room in SORIN'S house, which has been converted into a writingroom for TREPLIEFF. To the right and left are doors leading into inner rooms, and in the centre is a glass door opening onto a terrace. Besides the usual furniture of a sitting-room there is a writing-desk in the right-hand corner of the room. There is a Turkish divan near the door on the left, and shelves full of books stand against t he walls. Books are lying scattered about on the windowsills and chairs. It is evening. The room is dimly lighted by a shaded lamp on a table. The wind moans in the tree tops and whistles down the chimney. The watchman in the garden is heard sounding his rattle. MEDVIEDENKO and MASHA come in.] MASHA. [Calling TREPLIEFF] Mr. Constantine, where are you? [Looking about her] There is no one here. His old uncle is forever asking for Constantine, and can't live without him for an instant. MEDVIEDENKO. He dreads being left alone. [Listening to the wind] This is a wild night. We have had this storm for two days. MASHA. [Turning up the lamp] The waves on the lake are enormous.

Thesaurus chimney: (n) fireplace, smokestack, shaft, flue, hearth, vent, lamp chimney, chimneys, nostril, throat, weasand. dimly: (adv) obscurely, darkly, faintly, dully, duskily, vaguely, shadowily, hazily, gloomily, somberly; (adj, adv) palely. ANTONYMS: (adv) clearly, strongly, distinctly. divan: (n) anthology, settee, sofa, diwan, directory, Chamber of Deputies, chair, Cortes, sanhedrim,

woolsack, chesterfield. sunless, subdued, soft, colored, lighted: (adj) illuminated, lit, light, darksome. ANTONYM: (adj) ablaze, bright, ignited, burn, burning, unshaded. shelves: (n) shelf, rack, shelving. ignite, kindled, lighten. moans: (adj) moaning. sounding: (n) investigation, depth, rattle: (n, v) jingle, jangle, clatter; (n) exploration, test; (adj) resounding, click, clang, clack; (v) bang, confuse, resonant, looking, audible, sonant, shake, patter, disconcert. voiceful, hollow. right-hand: (adj) righthand, right, tops: (n) apex, pinnacle, pick; (adj) dextral, essential. champion, elite, fabulous, leading, shaded: (adj) dark, shads, sheltered, outstanding, uppermost, superb, shadowed, umbrageous, twilight, superlative.

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MEDVIEDENKO. It is very dark in the garden. Do you know, I think that old theatre ought to be knocked down. It is still standing there, naked and hideous as a skeleton, with the curtain flapping in the wind. I thought I heard a voice weeping in it as I passed there last night.% MASHA. What an idea! [A pause.] MEDVIEDENKO. Come home with me, Masha. MASHA. [Shaking her head] I shall spend the night here. MEDVIEDENKO. [Imploringly] Do come, Masha. The baby must be hungry. MASHA. Nonsense, Matriona will feed it. [A pause.] MEDVIEDENKO. It is a pity to leave him three nights without his mother. MASHA. You are getting too tiresome. You used sometimes to talk of other things besides home and the baby, home and the baby. That is all I ever hear from you now. MEDVIEDENKO. Come home, Masha. MASHA. You can go home if you want to. MEDVIEDENKO. Your father won't give me a horse. MASHA. Yes, he will; ask him.

Thesaurus besides: (adv) as well, moreover, too, furthermore, again, as well as, anyway, additionally; (prep) apart from, beside; (adj, adv) more. flapping: (adj) loose, detached, baggy, streaming, flying, slack; (n) fluttering, flutter, flaps, dither, disturbance. hideous: (adj) dreadful, frightful, fearful, ghastly, horrid, ugly, repulsive, lurid, horrible, grisly, grim. ANTONYMS: (adj) lovely, pleasant, beautiful, wonderful.

hungry: (adj) eager, avid, famished, passed: (adj) accepted, approved, starving, esurient, greedy, ravenous, legal, gone. desirous, meager, starveling; (v) pity: (n, v) compassion, ruth; (n) starve. ANTONYMS: (adj) full, mercy, commiseration, condolence, satiated, sated, thirsty, unconcerned, sympathy, clemency, remorse; (v) moderate, healthy, disinterested. sympathize, compassionate, feel naked: (adj, v) bare; (adj) nude, sorry for. ANTONYMS: (n) blame, exposed, open, barren, raw, bleak, cruelty, indifference, harshness, joy. skeleton: (n) carcass, frame, unclothed, defenseless, au naturel, defenceless. ANTONYMS: (adj) framework, bones, anatomy, scaffold, covered, concealed, hidden, dressed. body, cadaver, chassis, corpse; (n, v) nights: (adj) nightly; (n) night. outline.

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67

MEDVIEDENKO. I think I shall. Are you coming home to-morrow? MASHA. Yes, yes, to-morrow.% [She takes snuff. TREPLIEFF and PAULINA come in. TREPLIEFF is carrying some pillows and a blanket, and PAULINA is carrying sheets and pillow cases. They lay them on the divan, and TREPLIEFF goes and sits down at his desk.] MASHA. Who is that for, mother? PAULINA. Mr. Sorin asked to sleep in Constantine's room to-night. MASHA. Let me make the bed. [She makes the bed. PAULINA goes up to the desk and looks at the manuscripts lying on it. A pause.] MEDVIEDENKO. Well, I am going. Good-bye, Masha. [He kisses his wife's hand] Good-bye, mother. [He tries to kiss his mother-in-law's hand.] PAULINA. [Crossly] Be off, in God's name! [TREPLIEFF shakes hands with him in silence, and MEDVIEDENKO goes out.] PAULINA. [Looking at the manuscripts] No one ever dreamed, Constantine, that you would one day turn into a real author. The magazines pay you well for your stories. [She strokes his hair.] You have grown handsome, too. Dear, kind Constantine, be a little nicer to my Masha.

Thesaurus blanket: (adj) sweeping, overall, fraudulent; (n) lie, falsehood, grown-up, developed, ripe, comprehensive, global, wholesale, grownup, fully grown, full-grown, fabrication, deceit, dishonesty. generic; (n, v) cloak; (n) sheath, sheet, growth, become. ANTONYM: (adj) ANTONYMS: (n) honesty, bedding; (v) clothe. ANTONYMS: truthfulness; (adj) truthful. unripe. (adj) uncomprehensive, discerning, handsome: (adj) fair, beautiful, fine, pillow: (v) rest, breathe, lie, not move; (adj) wadding; (n) throw pillow, incomplete, partial, specific. generous, charming, comely, cases: (n) brass tacks, baggage, attractive, bountiful, considerable, Wanger, bed pillow, feather bed, long luggage, caseload, suitcases. bonny, prepossessing. ANTONYMS: pillow, padding. desk: (n) bench, box, coffer, table, (adj) ugly, unattractive, meager, sheets: (n) rain, bed linen. strokes: (n) approval, reward, secretary, bureau, writing desk, ungenerous, measly, plain. lying: (adj) false, deceptive, escritoire, caisson, caddy, case. recognition, prize, acclaim, credit, grown: (adj) mature, big, growed, mendacious, untrue, misleading, brownie points.

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MASHA. [Still making the bed] Leave him alone, mother.% PAULINA. She is a sweet child. [A pause] A woman, Constantine, asks only for kind looks. I know that from experience. [TREPLIEFF gets up from his desk and goes out without a word.] MASHA. There now! You have vexed him. I told you not to bother him. PAULINA. I am sorry for you, Masha. MASHA. Much I need your pity! PAULINA. My heart aches for you. I see how things are, and understand. MASHA. You see what doesn't exist. Hopeless love is only found in novels. It is a trifle; all one has to do is to keep a tight rein on oneself, and keep one's head clear. Love must be plucked out the moment it springs up in the heart. My husband has been promised a school in another district, and when we have once left this place I shall forget it all. I shall tear my passion out by the roots. [The notes of a melancholy waltz are heard in the distance.] PAULINA. Constantine is playing. That means he is sad. [MASHA silently waltzes a few turns to the music.] MASHA. The great thing, mother, is not to have him continually in sight. If my Simon could only get his remove I should forget it all in a month or two. It is a trifle. [DORN and MEDVIEDENKO come in through the door on the left, wheeling SORIN in an arm-chair.]

Thesaurus melancholy: (adj, v) dreary; (adj, n) gloom, melancholic; (adj) depressed, dejected, dismal, gloomy, doleful; (n, v) low spirits; (n) gloominess, depression. ANTONYMS: (n) happiness, cheerfulness, hopefulness, optimism; (adj) happy, bright, cheery, satisfied. oneself: (n) herself, himself, themselves, personal, private, selfness, self, yourself, me, person, own.

plucked: (v) ploughed; (adj) pulled, pestered, peeved, harassed, sore, unfeathered, featherless, moulting, harried, uneasy, cross, offended. ANTONYMS: (adj) calm, pilled. rein: (n) bridle, curb, restraint, check, uncomplicated. strap; (v) leash, harness, contain, rule, waltz: (n) minuet, valse, tango, tap, polka, ballroom dance, music; (v) trip rein in, confine. silently: (adv) mutely, stilly, quietly, the light fantastic, zip, oscillate, waltz noiselessly, soundlessly, taciturnly, around. wheeling: (adj) rotating, revolving, wordlessly, secretly, speechlessly, placidly, tacitly. ANTONYMS: (adv) moving; (n) rolling, city, metropolis, loudly, audibly, openly, brazenly. peal, propulsion, roll, transmission vexed: (adj) troubled, irritated, angry, service, urban center.

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69

MEDVIEDENKO. I have six mouths to feed now, and flour is at seventy kopecks.% DORN. A hard riddle to solve! MEDVIEDENKO. It is easy for you to make light of it. You are rich enough to scatter money to your chickens, if you wanted to. DORN. You think I am rich? My friend, after practising for thirty years, during which I could not call my soul my own for one minute of the night or day, I succeeded at last in scraping together one thousand roubles, all of which went, not long ago, in a trip which I took abroad. I haven't a penny. MASHA. [To her husband] So you didn't go home after all? MEDVIEDENKO. [Apologetically] How can I go home when they won't give me a horse? MASHA. [Under her breath, with bitter anger] Would I might never see your face again! [SORIN in his chair is wheeled to the left-hand side of the room. PAULINA, MASHA, and DORN sit down beside him. MEDVIEDENKO stands sadly aside.] DORN. What a lot of changes you have made here! You have turned this sitting-room into a library. MASHA. Constantine likes to work in this room, because from it he can step out into the garden to meditate whenever he feels like it. [The watchman's rattle is heard.]

Thesaurus chickens: (n) Galliformes, order doit, small change, denomination. practising: (adj) practicing, Galliformes. flour: (adj) meal, bran, spore, sporule, churchgoing. paddy, rice; (n) farina, foodstuff, sadly: (adv) pitifully, dolefully, wheat flour, flower, semolina. unfortunately, mournfully, likes: (n) kind, sort, type. sorrowfully, woefully, dejectedly, meditate: (n, v) muse; (v) contemplate, pathetically, wretchedly, forlornly; (adj, adv) seriously. ANTONYMS: consider, cogitate, reflect, speculate, (adv) cheerfully, contentedly, gladly, wonder, ruminate, ponder, think, bethink. joyfully, fortunately, luckily, penny: (n) change, coin, centime, enthusiastically. copper, groat, subunit, money, mite, scatter: (n, v) spread, spray; (v)

disperse, dispel, disseminate, distribute, break up, dissipate, sprinkle, circulate, diffuse. ANTONYMS: (v) collect, reform, attract, concentrate. scraping: (n) scrape, scratching, scratch, rub, sizing, rament, incision, mark, prick; (v) rubbing; (adj) grating. seventy: (n) large integer. went: (v) walked, proceeded. wheeled: (adj) on wheels. ANTONYM: (adj) wheelless.

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SORIN. Where is my sister? DORN. She has gone to the station to meet Trigorin. She will soon be back.% SORIN. I must be dangerously ill if you had to send for my sister. [He falls silent for a moment] A nice business this is! Here I am dangerously ill, and you won't even give me any medicine. DORN. What shall I prescribe for you? Camomile tea? Soda? Quinine? SORIN. Don't inflict any of your discussions on me again. [He nods toward the sofa] Is that bed for me? PAULINA. Yes, for you, sir. SORIN. Thank you. DORN. [Sings] "The moon swims in the sky to-night." SORIN. I am going to give Constantine an idea for a story. It shall be called "The Man Who Wished--L'Homme qui a voulu." When I was young, I wished to become an author; I failed. I wished to be an orator; I speak abominably, [Exciting himself] with my eternal "and all, and all," dragging each sentence on and on until I sometimes break out into a sweat all over. I wished to marry, and I didn't; I wished to live in the city, and here I am ending my days in the country, and all. DORN. You wished to become State Councillor, and--you are one!

Thesaurus dangerously: (adv) hazardously, precariously, unsafely, riskily, seriously, insecurely, harmfully, parlously, severely, fatally; (adj, adv) gravely. ANTONYMS: (adv) safely, securely, carefully, slightly. dragging: (n) pulled wire, stemming, haulage; (adj) slow, sickly, slack, unfit, sluggish, tardy, tedious; (v) involve. ANTONYMS: (adj) energetic, energizing, exciting, prompt, short. eternal: (adj) constant, perpetual,

ceaseless, everlasting, lasting, oratrix, oratress. prescribe: (n, v) ordain; (v) enjoin, continual, aeonian, immortal, boundless, deathless, enduring. decree, dictate, fix, command, assign, ANTONYMS: (adj) mortal, finite, determine, set, stipulate, designate. brief, ephemeral, fleeting, terminable, quinine: (n) kinic , quinquina, ending, fragile, inconstant. medicament, medicine, medicinal inflict: (v) impose, cause, wreak, force, drug, abuse, quinia, medication. soda: (n) soda pop, soda water, enforce, deal, deliver, administer, foist, put, obtrude. sodium carbonate, sal soda, Leblanc orator: (n) elocutionist, speechmaker, process, sodium oxide, carbonated speaker, lecturer, Cicero, speechifier, water, sodium bicarbonate, seltzer, demagog, demagogue, eulogist; (v) cold drink, restorative.

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SORIN. [Laughing] I didn't try for that, it came of its own accord.% DORN. Come, you must admit that it is petty to cavil at life at sixty-two years of age. SORIN. You are pig-headed! Can't you see I want to live? DORN. That is futile. Nature has commanded that every life shall come to an end. SORIN. You speak like a man who is satiated with life. Your thirst for it is quenched, and so you are calm and indifferent, but even you dread death. DORN. The fear of death is an animal passion which must be overcome. Only those who believe in a future life and tremble for sins committed, can logically fear death; but you, for one thing, don't believe in a future life, and for another, you haven't committed any sins. You have served as a Councillor for twentyfive years, that is all. SORIN. [Laughing] Twenty-eight years! TREPLIEFF comes in and sits down on a stool at SORIN'S feet. MASHA fixes her eyes on his face and never once tears them away. DORN. We are keeping Constantine from his work. TREPLIEFF. No matter. [A pause.] MEDVIEDENKO. Of all the cities you visited when you were abroad, Doctor, which one did you like the best?

Thesaurus came: (v) arrive, come. indifferent: (adj) apathetic, impassive, slaked, squelched, dead, kayoed, cavil: (v) carp, split hairs, equivocate, cold, cool, callous, fair, insensible, permanently inactive, prohibited, quarrel, protest, repudiate, nitpick, unconcerned, careless, dull, average. proscribed, put out. knock, reproach; (adj) refine; (n) ANTONYMS: (adj) enthusiastic, thirst: (n, v) hunger, lust, wish; (n) censoriousness. fervent, keen, obsessive, energetic, longing, yen, craving, hankering, commanded: (adj) lawful. dryness, appetite; (v) starve, crave. eager, involved, surprised, futile: (adj) useless, empty, ineffective, exceptional, concerned, shocked. ANTONYM: (n) dislike. pig-headed: (adj) stubborn, obstinate, tremble: (adj, n, v) shiver; (n, v) quiver, frivolous, idle, abortive, bootless, shudder, thrill, palpitate; (adj, v) hopeless, meaningless, vain, hollow. opinionated, obdurate, perverse, ANTONYMS: (adj) successful, useful, willful, dogged, contumacious, totter, quake; (n) throb; (v) flutter, quail, falter. ANTONYMS: (v) steady, fruitful, meaningful, worthwhile, intractable. quenched: (adj) extinct, quelled, out, promising, productive, effective. calm.

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DORN. Genoa.% TREPLIEFF. Why Genoa? DORN. Because there is such a splendid crowd in its streets. When you leave the hotel in the evening, and throw yourself into the heart of that throng, and move with it without aim or object, swept along, hither and thither, their life seems to be yours, their soul flows into you, and you begin to believe at last in a great world spirit, like the one in your play that Nina Zarietchnaya acted. By the way, where is Nina now? Is she well? TREPLIEFF. I believe so. DORN. I hear she has led rather a strange life; what happened? TREPLIEFF. It is a long story, Doctor. DORN. Tell it shortly. [A pause.] TREPLIEFF. She ran away from home and joined Trigorin; you know that? DORN. Yes. TREPLIEFF. She had a child that died. Trigorin soon tired of her and returned to his former ties, as might have been expected. He had never broken them, indeed, but out of weakness of character had always vacillated between the two. As far as I can make out from what I have heard, Nina's domestic life has not been altogether a success.

Thesaurus altogether: (adv) absolutely, all, throng: (n, v) swarm, herd, mob, flock, stock, jaded. ANTONYMS: (adj) press; (n) multitude, host, horde, wholly, perfectly, purely, all in all, invigorated, alert, refreshed, completely, entirely, totally, simply, mass, assembly, concourse. energetic, original, strong, awake, ensemble. ANTONYMS: (adv) ANTONYMS: (n) trickle, few; (v) energized, lively, rested, relaxed. weakness: (adj, n) failing, fault, incompletely, partially. disperse. hither: (adv) here, whither, throw: (n, v) cast, pitch, push; (v) shed, debility, defect, infirmity, fragility, hitherward, thither. hurl, heave, chuck, flip, pass, hurtle; feebleness, deficiency, imperfection, swept: (adj) clean. (n) shot. ANTONYMS: (v) explain, foible; (n) flaw. ANTONYMS: (n) thither: (adv) hither, whither, on that help, receive, clarify, encourage. power, dislike, intensity, supremacy, point, in that respect, at that place, in tired: (adj, v) fatigued, weary, determination, advantage, that location; (adj) further, ulterior, exhausted, stale; (adj) threadbare, brightness, superiority, resistance, remoter, succeeding, more distant. commonplace, trite, banal, haggard, robustness, energy.

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DORN. What about her acting? TREPLIEFF. I believe she made an even worse failure of that. She made her debut on the stage of the Summer Theatre in Moscow, and afterward made a tour of the country towns. At that time I never let her out of my sight, and wherever she went I followed. She always attempted great and difficult parts, but her delivery was harsh and monotonous, and her gestures heavy and crude. She shrieked and died well at times, but those were but moments.% DORN. Then she really has a talent for acting? TREPLIEFF. I never could make out. I believe she has. I saw her, but she refused to see me, and her servant would never admit me to her rooms. I appreciated her feelings, and did not insist upon a meeting. [A pause] What more can I tell you? She sometimes writes to me now that I have come home, such clever, sympathetic letters, full of warm feeling. She never complains, but I can tell that she is profoundly unhappy; not a line but speaks to me of an aching, breaking nerve. She has one strange fancy; she always signs herself "The Seagull." The miller in "Rusalka" called himself "The Crow," and so she repeats in all her letters that she is a sea-gull. She is here now. DORN. What do you mean by "here?" TREPLIEFF. In the village, at the inn. She has been there for five days. I should have gone to see her, but Masha here went, and she refuses to see any one. Some one told me she had been seen wandering in the fields a mile from here yesterday evening. MEDVIEDENKO. Yes, I saw her. She was walking away from here in the direction of the

Thesaurus aching: (adj) sore, achy, hurt, treasured, valuable, aesthetic, timidity, reticence, respect. uncomfortable, tender, hurtful, apprehended, esteemed, gratifying. profoundly: (adv) thoroughly, agonizing; (n) ache, pain, hurting; (v) monotonous: (adj) dull, flat, boring, extremely, intensely, exhaustively, griped. dreary, tedious, insipid, monotone, greatly, sincerely, gravely, deep, afterward: (adv, conj) then, after that; monotonic; (adj, v) dry, uninteresting, heavily, weightily, very. (adv) thereafter, afterwards, later, stupid. ANTONYMS: (adj) exciting, ANTONYMS: (adv) lightly, mildly. wandering: (adj) itinerant, nomadic, subsequently, later on, next, soon; varied, stimulating, lively, exotic, (adj) following; (n) future. enthralling, brilliant, flexible. erratic, rambling, errant, migratory; ANTONYMS: (adv) now, previously, nerve: (n) cheek, audacity, boldness, (adj, v) stray, vagrant, vagabond, unsettled; (n) peregrination. before. brass, impudence, heart, mettle, appreciated: (adj) respected, prized, ANTONYM: (adj) resident. daring, courage, face, fortitude. ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, valued, comprehended, welcome,

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village. I asked her why she had not been to see us. She said she would come.% TREPLIEFF. But she won't. [A pause] Her father and stepmother have disowned her. They have even put watchmen all around their estate to keep her away. [He goes with the doctor toward the desk] How easy it is, Doctor, to be a philosopher on paper, and how difficult in real life! SORIN. She was a beautiful girl. Even the State Councillor himself was in love with her for a time. DORN. You old Lovelace, you! [SHAMRAEFF'S laugh is heard.] PAULINA. They are coming back from the station. TREPLIEFF. Yes, I hear my mother's voice. [ARKADINA and TRIGORIN come in, followed by SHAMRAEFF.] SHAMRAEFF. Net We all grow old and wither, my lady, while you alone, with your light dress, your gay spirits, and your grace, keep the secret of eternal youth. ARKADINA. You are still trying to turn my head, you tiresome old man. TRIGORIN. [To SORIN] How do you do, Peter? What, still ill? How silly of you! [With evident pleasure, as he catches sight of MASHA] How are you, Miss Masha? MASHA. So you recognised me? [She shakes hands with him.]

Thesaurus disowned: (adj) unacknowledged, embellish, beautify, decorate, libertarian, gymnosophist, empiricist, embroider; (adj, n, v) favor; (n) forsaken. necessitarian, moralist, theorist, evident: (adj) obvious, distinct, elegance, beauty; (adj, n) clemency. wisdom, pundit, mechanist. ANTONYMS: (n) unseemliness, spirits: (n) alcohol, booze, humor, discernible, clear, manifest, conspicuous, patent, plain, awkwardness, disfavor, inelegance, frame of mind, liqueur, strong drink, heaviness, unkindness; (v) deface, hard drink; (adj) cheer, geniality, noticeable, open, certain. ANTONYMS: (adj) unnoticed, good humor; (v) wine. demean. laugh: (n, v) joke, giggle, chortle, titter, wither: (v) shrink, wilt, contract, obscure, concealed, hidden, snicker; (v) smile; (n) jest, gag, jape, inconspicuous, uncertain, unknown, shrivel, languish, droop, dry, waste, laughter, cackle. ANTONYM: (v) imperceptible, disputable, wane, atrophy, decay. ANTONYMS: (v) swell, strengthen, grow, blossom, ambiguous, undetectable. weep. grace: (adj, v) adorn; (v) garnish, deck, philosopher: (n) thinker, bacon, flourish.

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TRIGORIN. Did you marry him? MASHA. Long ago.% TRIGORIN. You are happy now? [He bows to DORN and MEDVIEDENKO, and then goes hesitatingly toward TREPLIEFF] Your mother says you have forgotten the past and are no longer angry with me. [TREPLIEFF gives him his hand.] ARKADINA. [To her son] Here is a magazine that Boris has brought you with your latest story in it. TREPLIEFF. [To TRIGORIN, as he takes the magazine] Many thanks; you are very kind. TRIGORIN. Your admirers all send you their regards. Every one in Moscow and St. Petersburg is interested in you, and all ply me with questions about you. They ask me what you look like, how old you are, whether you are fair or dark. For some reason they all think that you are no longer young, and no one knows who you are, as you always write under an assumed name. You are as great a mystery as the Man in the Iron Mask. TREPLIEFF. Do you expect to be here long? TRIGORIN. No, I must go back to Moscow to-morrow. I am finishing another novel, and have promised something to a magazine besides. In fact, it is the same old business. [During their conversation ARKADINA and PAULINA have put up a cardtable in the centre of the room; SHAMRAEFF lights the candles and arranges the chairs, then fetches a box of lotto from the cupboard.]

Thesaurus assumed: (adj) sham, affected, old maid, squeezers, nap, poker, openness. novel: (adj) fresh, curious, modern, fictitious, fake, feigned, counterfeit, board game, fright, loto. marry: (n, v) wed, espouse; (v) get pretended, reputed, artificial, unprecedented, different, original, newfangled, recent, strange; (n) hypothetical, spurious. ANTONYMS: married, link, conjoin, wive, splice, (adj) true, authentic, explicit, known, tie, unite, couple; (n) marriage. fiction, romance. ANTONYMS: (adj) ANTONYMS: (v) divorce, separate, real, natural. traditional, hackneyed, stale, finishing: (n) completion, close, split. unoriginal, familiar. mystery: (n) arcanum, enigma, regards: (v) regard, esteem, respect, accomplishment, conclusion, end, coating; (adj, n) ending; (adj) closing, consideration, honor, motive; (adj) mysteriousness, secrecy, puzzle, last, final, ultimate. ANTONYMS: (n) craft, perplexity, poser, inscrutability, abord, devoir; (n) greeting, relation, beginning; (adj) first. whodunit; (adj, n) secret. duty. lotto: (n) keno, beano, reversis, monte, ANTONYMS: (n) explanation,

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TRIGORIN. The weather has given me a rough welcome. The wind is frightful. If it goes down by morning I shall go fishing in the lake, and shall have a look at the garden and the spot--do you remember?--where your play was given. I remember the piece very well, but should like to see again where the scene was laid.% MASHA. [To her father] Father, do please let my husband have a horse. He ought to go home. SHAMRAEFF. [Angrily] A horse to go home with! [Sternly] You know the horses have just been to the station. I can't send them out again. MASHA. But there are other horses. [Seeing that her father remains silent] You are impossible! MEDVIEDENKO. I shall go on foot, Masha. PAULINA. [With a sigh] On foot in this weather? [She takes a seat at the card-table] Shall we begin? MEDVIEDENKO. It is only six miles. Good-bye. [He kisses his wife's hand;] Good-bye, mother. [His mother-in-law gives him her hand unwillingly] I should not have troubled you all, but the baby-- [He bows to every one] Good-bye. [He goes out with an apologetic air.] SHAMRAEFF. He will get there all right, he is not a major-general. PAULINA. Come, let us begin. Don't let us waste time, we shall soon be called to supper. [SHAMRAEFF, MASHA, and DORN sit down at the card-table.]

Thesaurus apologetic: (adj) regretful, sorry, contrite, penitent, rueful, alleged, ashamed, compunctious, deprecatory, apologize, regret. ANTONYMS: (adj) defensive, defiant, glad, recalcitrant, stubborn, unapologetic, unremorseful. frightful: (adj, v) fearful; (adj) formidable, awful, fearsome, appalling, gruesome, horrible, terrible, dread, frightening, grim. ANTONYMS: (adj) wonderful,

calming, soothing, pleasant, lovely, upset, apprehensive, restless. ANTONYMS: (adj) unconcerned, fair. mother-in-law: (n) grandmother. composed, calm, easy, relaxed, sternly: (adv) severely, strictly, tranquil, assured, carefree, brave, austerely, harshly, rigidly, grimly, stable, unaffected. unwillingly: (adv) grudgingly, loathly, rigorously, stringently, seriously, relentlessly, solemnly. ANTONYMS: aversely, unenthusiastically, (adv) leniently, lightheartedly, kindly, indisposedly, resentfully, warmly, cheerfully. involuntarily, recalcitrantly, troubled: (adj, v) concerned, solicitous; refractorily, lothly, hesitatingly. (adj) distressed, anxious, worried, ANTONYM: (adv) wholeheartedly. uneasy, uncomfortable, disconcerted,

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ARKADINA. [To TRIGORIN] When the long autumn evenings descend on us we while away the time here by playing lotto. Look at this old set; we used it when our mother played with us as children. Don't you want to take a hand in the game with us until supper time? [She and TRIGORIN sit down at the table] It is a monotonous game, but it is all right when one gets used to it. [She deals three cards to each of the players.] TREPLIEFF. [Looking through the pages of the magazine] He has read his own story, and hasn't even cut the pages of mine.% [He lays the magazine on his desk and goes toward the door on the right, stopping as he passes his mother to give her a kiss.] ARKADINA. Won't you play, Constantine? TREPLIEFF. No, excuse me please, I don't feel like it. I am going to take a turn through the rooms. [He goes out.] MASHA. Are you all ready? I shall begin: twenty-two. ARKADINA. Here it is. MASHA. Three. DORN. Right. MASHA. Have you put down three? Eight. Eighty-one. Ten. SHAMRAEFF. Don't go so fast.

Thesaurus autumn: (n) fall, season, downfall, descent, declivity, harvest. cards: (n) baccarat, boodle, card, rum, poker, cribbage, rummy, Newmarket, pinocle, pinochle, penuchle. descend: (v) settle, condescend, down, drop, deign, subside, go down, dismount, derive, get off, come down. ANTONYMS: (v) ascend, climb, float, scale, increase, level, mount. excuse: (n, v) pardon, palliate; (v)

absolve, exculpate, condone, acquit, justify, forgive; (n) alibi, pretext, evasion. ANTONYMS: (v) blame, accuse, chide, discipline, include, reprimand, castigate; (n) accusation. fast: (adj, v) firm; (adj) dissolute, instant, agile, staunch, quick, hurried, fixed, rapid; (adv) soon, hard. ANTONYMS: (adv) slowly, loosely, sluggishly; (n) binge; (adj) sluggish, loose, unattached, plodding; (adj, adv) leisurely; (v) gorge, eat.

magazine: (n) periodical, cartridge, newspaper, entrepot, clip, mag, book, comic, depository, arsenal; (n, v) store. stopping: (n) stoppage, cessation, shutdown, padding, fillet, suspension, stay, discontinuance, abeyance, interruption; (adv) haltingly. supper: (n) meal, tea, lunch, repast, reception, mealtime, siesta, social affair; (v) dejeuner, bever, whet.

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ARKADINA. Could you believe it? I am still dazed by the reception they gave me in Kharkoff.% MASHA. Thirty-four. [The notes of a melancholy waltz are heard.] ARKADINA. The students gave me an ovation; they sent me three baskets of flowers, a wreath, and this thing here. [She unclasps a brooch from her breast and lays it on the table.] SHAMRAEFF. There is something worth while! MASHA. Fifty. DORN. Fifty, did you say? ARKADINA. I wore a perfectly magnificent dress; I am no fool when it comes to clothes. PAULINA. Constantine is playing again; the poor boy is sad. SHAMRAEFF. He has been severely criticised in the papers. MASHA. Seventy-seven. ARKADINA. They want to attract attention to him. TRIGORIN. He doesn't seem able to make a success, he can't somehow strike the right note. There is an odd vagueness about his writings that sometimes verges on delirium. He has never created a single living character.

Thesaurus brooch: (n) broach, jewelry; (n, v) indifference, dejection. clasp; (v) fasten. fool: (n) blockhead, dunce, clown, dazed: (adj) bewildered, stunned, idiot, ass, booby, buffoon; (v) deceive, bamboozle; (n, v) joke, gull. dumbfounded, muzzy, stupefied, ANTONYM: (n) savant. dizzy, stupid, groggy, amazed, ovation: (n) acclamation, acclaim, astounded, bleary. ANTONYMS: (adj) indifferent, unimpressed, cheering, clapping, jubilee, conscious. celebration, commemoration, delirium: (n) craze, insanity, mania, triumph, paean, cheer, recognition. vagueness: (n) ambiguity, disturbance, fever, ecstasy, derangement; (adj, n) fury; (adj) furor, indistinctness, haziness, rage, distraction. ANTONYMS: (n) indefiniteness, obscurity, dimness,

ambiguousness, murkiness, unclearness, indirectness; (adj) inconceivableness. ANTONYMS: (n) clarity, accuracy, exactness, directness, concentration, certainty, reliability, confidence, clearness, attentiveness. wreath: (n) crown, coronal, garland, chaplet, lei, circle, posy, fascia, cincture, girdle, laurels. writings: (n) papers, Hagiographa, Ketubim.

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MASHA. Eleven.% ARKADINA. Are you bored, Peter? [A pause] He is asleep. DORN. The Councillor is taking a nap. MASHA. Seven. Ninety. TRIGORIN. Do you think I should write if I lived in such a place as this, on the shore of this lake? Never! I should overcome my passion, and give my life up to the catching of fish. MASHA. Twenty-eight. TRIGORIN. And if I caught a perch or a bass, what bliss it would be! DORN. I have great faith in Constantine. I know there is something in him. He thinks in images; his stories are vivid and full of colour, and always affect me deeply. It is only a pity that he has no definite object in view. He creates impressions, and nothing more, and one cannot go far on impressions alone. Are you glad, madam, that you have an author for a son? ARKADINA. Just think, I have never read anything of his; I never have time. MASHA. Twenty-six. [TREPLIEFF comes in quietly and sits down at his table.] SHAMRAEFF. [To TRIGORIN] We have something here that belongs to you, sir.

Thesaurus bass: (adj) deep, resonant, rich, sonorous, abstruse; (n) bass voice, basso, sea bass, bass clef, bast; (adv) accompaniment. ANTONYM: (adj) shrill. bored: (adj) weary, boring, blase, uninterested, bore, listless, jaded, sick, fed up, annoyed, indifferent. ANTONYMS: (adj) energetic, fresh. catching: (adj) communicable, infectious, epidemic, gripping, transferable, zymotic; (n) discovery,

ninety: (adj, n) xc; (n) large integer. take, playing, uncovering, getting. ANTONYM: (adj) noncommunicable. perch: (adj, n, v) roost; (v) light, settle, definite: (adj) certain, clear, distinct, sit, alight, squat, land; (adj, v) lodge, abide, dwell; (n) pole. concrete, plain, conclusive, specific, precise, categorical, decisive; (adj, v) vivid: (adj) intense, graphic, lifelike, absolute. ANTONYMS: (adj) brilliant, rich, live, strong, acute, imprecise, unclear, vague, undefined, animated, glowing, colorful. ANTONYMS: (adj) weak, bland, doubtful, indeterminate, qualified, evasive, indefinite, indescribable, light, vague, straightforward, dark, dubious. modest, secretive. impressions: (n) impersonation, imitation.

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TRIGORIN. What is it? SHAMRAEFF. You told me to have the sea-gull stuffed that Mr. Constantine killed some time ago.% TRIGORIN. Did I? [Thoughtfully] I don't remember. MASHA. Sixty-one. One. [TREPLIEFF throws open the window and stands listening.] TREPLIEFF. How dark the night is! I wonder what makes me so restless. ARKADINA. Shut the window, Constantine, there is a draught here. [TREPLIEFF shuts the window.] MASHA. Ninety-eight. TRIGORIN. See, my card is full. ARKADINA. [Gaily] Bravo! Bravo! SHAMRAEFF. Bravo! ARKADINA. Wherever he goes and whatever he does, that man always has good luck. [She gets up] And now, come to supper. Our renowned guest did not have any dinner to-day. We can continue our game later. [To her son] Come, Constantine, leave your writing and come to supper.

Thesaurus draught: (n, v) draft, sketch, design, potation, plan; (n) dose, air current, wind, gulp, outline; (v) blueprint. guest: (n) caller, visitor, customer, alien, foreigner, client, invite, foreign, company, guests, houseguest. killed: (n) casualty; (adj) fallen. luck: (n) fortune, fate, accident, destiny, hazard, lot, advantage, providence, portion, happiness; (n, v) chance. ANTONYM: (n) design. renowned: (adj, n) illustrious, glorious;

(adj) famous, famed, notable, noted, stuffed: (adj) crammed, packed, eminent, distinguished, great, congested, replete, loaded, filled, notorious, well-known. fraught, chock-full, crowded, ANTONYMS: (adj) obscure, jammed, gorged. ANTONYMS: (adj) anonymous, undistinguished. hungry, lacking. restless: (adj) fidgety, uneasy, wonder: (adj, n) prodigy; (n) impatient, restive, agitated, fretful, astonishment, admiration, turbulent, feverish; (adj, n) nervous, amazement, surprise, miracle, apprehensive; (adj, v) unquiet. phenomenon, muse; (v) admire, ANTONYMS: (adj) relaxed, peaceful, reflect, question. ANTONYMS: (n) expectation, belief, disapproval; (v) lethargic, unbroken, still, contented. shuts: (adj) closed. know, believe, anticipate, decide.

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TREPLIEFF. I don't want anything to eat, mother; I am not hungry.% ARKADINA. As you please. [She wakes SORIN] Come to supper, Peter. [She takes SHAMRAEFF'S arm] Let me tell you about my reception in Kharkoff. [PAULINA blows out the candles on the table, then she and DORN roll SORIN'S chair out of the room, and all go out through the door on the left, except TREPLIEFF, who is left alone. TREPLIEFF prepares to write. He runs his eye over what he has already written.] TREPLIEFF. I have talked a great deal about new forms of art, but I feel myself gradually slipping into the beaten track. [He reads] "The placard cried it from the wall-a pale face in a frame of dusky hair"--cried--frame--that is stupid. [He scratches out what he has written] I shall begin again from the place where my hero is wakened by the noise of the rain, but what follows must go. This description of a moonlight night is long and stilted. Trigorin has worked out a process of his own, and descriptions are easy for him. He writes that the neck of a broken bottle lying on the bank glittered in the moonlight, and that the shadows lay black under the mill-wheel. There you have a moonlight night before your eyes, but I speak of the shimmering light, the twinkling stars, the distant sounds of a piano melting into the still and scented air, and the result is abominable. [A pause] The conviction is gradually forcing itself upon me that good literature is not a question of forms new or old, but of ideas that must pour freely from the author's heart, without his bothering his head about any forms whatsoever. [A knock is heard at the window nearest the table] What was that? [He looks out of the window] I can't see anything. [He opens the glass door and looks out into the garden] I heard some one run down the steps. [He calls] Who is there? [He goes out, and is heard walking quickly along the terrace. In a few minutes he comes back with NINA ZARIETCHNAYA] Oh, Nina, Nina! [NINA lays her head on TREPLIEFF'S breast and stifles her sobs.]

Thesaurus abominable: (adj, v) odious, foul; (adj) (adj) light, bright, sunny, radiant, abhorrent, detestable, dreadful, clear. awful, execrable, terrible, loathsome, placard: (n) sign, card, poster, cursed, wicked. ANTONYMS: (adj) advertisement, notice, handbill, posting, broadside, tablet; (v) nice, lovable, admirable, alluring, appealing, commendable, laudable, advertise, post. shimmering: (adj) glittering, sparkling, delightful, desirable, enjoyable, likable. gleaming, dazzling, lustrous, bright, descriptions: (n) images. iridescent, shimmery, flashing, dusky: (adj) dark, cloudy, gloomy, glittery, glowing. ANTONYMS: (adj) black, swarthy, dull, murky, obscure, dull, dim. dingy, sooty, somber. ANTONYMS: slipping: (n) skidding, slippage; (adj)

slithering, gliding, down, labent. stilted: (adj, v) pompous, pedantic; (adj) formal, pretentious, bombastic, artificial, stiff, unnatural, inflated, turgid; (v) magniloquent. ANTONYMS: (adj) spontaneous, expressive, flowing, instinctive, effortless, lively, relaxed. twinkling: (n) moment, jiffy, minute, second, flash, trice, twinkle, wink, split second, breath; (adj) sparkling. ANTONYM: (adj) dull.

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TREPLIEFF. [Deeply moved] Nina, Nina! It is you--you! I felt you would come; all day my heart has been aching for you. [He takes off her hat and cloak] My darling, my beloved has come back to me! We mustn't cry, we mustn't cry.% NINA. There is some one here. TREPLIEFF. No one is here. NINA. Lock the door, some one might come. TREPLIEFF. No one will come in. NINA. I know your mother is here. Lock the door. [TREPLIEFF locks the door on the right and comes back to NINA.] TREPLIEFF. There is no lock on that one. I shall put a chair against it. [He puts an armchair against the door] Don't be frightened, no one shall come in. NINA. [Gazing intently into his face] Let me look at you. [She looks about her] It is warm and comfortable in here. This used to be a sitting-room. Have I changed much? TREPLIEFF. Yes, you have grown thinner, and your eyes are larger than they were. Nina, it seems so strange to see you! Why didn't you let me go to you? Why didn't you come sooner to me? You have been here nearly a week, I know. I have been several times each day to where you live, and have stood like a beggar beneath your window.

Thesaurus beggar: (n) mendicant, mumper, pauper, tramp, sponger, joker, poor man, cadger, bloke; (v) beg, pauperize. ANTONYM: (n) giver. beloved: (adj, n) dear, darling, favorite, pet; (adj) precious, loved, cherished; (n) love, dearest, honey, sweetheart. ANTONYMS: (adj) detested, despised, disliked. cloak: (n, v) veil, mask, camouflage, wrap, masquerade, screen, pall; (n) cape; (v) conceal, dissemble, hide.

ANTONYMS: (v) reveal, uncloak, unmask; (n, v) uncover. darling: (adj, n) beloved, pet, favorite, sweet; (adj) costly, cute, pretty; (adj, v) precious; (n) love, deary, angel. ANTONYMS: (n) foe, rival. felt: (v) mat, tangle, snarl, braid, entangle, lace, perceive; (adj) sensed, perceived, conscious, sensible. intently: (adv) fixedly, attentively, seriously, raptly, intensely, closely, steadily, eagerly, absorbedly, hard,

steadfastly. ANTONYM: (adv) absently. locks: (n) hair, tresses, head of hair. sooner: (adj, adv) rather, earlier, before, preferably, instead; (adv) first, before now, faster, previously, beforehand; (adj) prior. thinner: (n) dilutant, solvent, reducer, rarefied, phenylic acid, phenol, propanone, perchloromethane, resolvent, oxybenzene, methylbenzene.

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NINA. I was afraid you might hate me. I dream every night that you look at me without recognising me. I have been wandering about on the shores of the lake ever since I came back. I have often been near your house, but I have never had the courage to come in. Let us sit down. [They sit down] Let us sit down and talk our hearts out. It is so quiet and warm in here. Do you hear the wind whistling outside? As Turgenieff says, "Happy is he who can sit at night under the roof of his home, who has a warm corner in which to take refuge." I am a sea-gull--and yet--no. [She passes her hand across her forehead] What was I saying? Oh, yes, Turgenieff. He says, "and God help all houseless wanderers." [She sobs.] TREPLIEFF. Nina! You are crying again, Nina! NINA. It is all right. I shall feel better after this. I have not cried for two years. I went into the garden last night to see if our old theatre were still standing. I see it is. I wept there for the first time in two years, and my heart grew lighter, and my soul saw more clearly again. See, I am not crying now. [She takes his hand in hers] So you are an author now, and I am an actress. We have both been sucked into the whirlpool. My life used to be as happy as a child's; I used to wake singing in the morning; I loved you and dreamt of fame, and what is the reality? To-morrow morning early I must start for Eltz by train in a third-class carriage, with a lot of peasants, and at Eltz the educated tradespeople will pursue me with compliments. It is a rough life.% TREPLIEFF. Why are you going to Eltz? NINA. I have accepted an engagement there for the winter. It is time for me to go. TREPLIEFF. Nina, I have cursed you, and hated you, and torn up your photograph, and yet I have known every minute of my life that my heart and soul were yours

Thesaurus compliments: (n) respects, commendation, wish, greetings, salutation, respect, applause, flattery, acclamation, regards, approbation. cursed: (adj) damned, doomed, execrable, cussed, wretched, unlucky, accursed, blamed, blasted, confounded; (v) accurst. ANTONYMS: (adj) commendable, honorable, nice, sweet, kine. engagement: (n, v) combat, battle, action, fight, contest; (n) conflict,

commitment, appointment, contract, blasted, lacerate, shabby, duty, date. ANTONYM: (n) goddamned, infernal, made uninhabitable. ANTONYMS: (adj) disengagement. hearts: (n) Black Maria, spades. pristine, sure, resolute, healed, houseless: (adj) unhoused. decided, mended. lighter: (n) light, flatboat, igniter, whirlpool: (n, v) vortex, whirl, swirl, gurge; (n) maelstrom, verticity, whir; cigarette lighter, wherry, primer, (v) undercurrent, indraught, reflux, scow, kindling, fuze, fuzee, houseboat. purl. recognising: (v) recognize, recognise. whistling: (n) whistle, sound, tin torn: (adj, prep) lacerated, rent, whistle, music, pennywhistle, sign, mangled; (adj) ripped, tattered, signal, signaling.

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for ever. To cease from loving you is beyond my power. I have suffered continually from the time I lost you and began to write, and my life has been almost unendurable. My youth was suddenly plucked from me then, and I seem now to have lived in this world for ninety years. I have called out to you, I have kissed the ground you walked on, wherever I looked I have seen your face before my eyes, and the smile that had illumined for me the best years of my life.% NINA. [Despairingly] Why, why does he talk to me like this? TREPLIEFF. I am quite alone, unwarmed by any attachment. I am as cold as if I were living in a cave. Whatever I write is dry and gloomy and harsh. Stay here, Nina, I beseech you, or else let me go away with you. [NINA quickly puts on her coat and hat.] TREPLIEFF. Nina, why do you do that? For God's sake, Nina! [He watches her as she dresses. A pause.] NINA. My carriage is at the gate. Do not come out to see me off. I shall find the way alone. [Weeping] Let me have some water. [TREPLIEFF hands her a glass of water.] TREPLIEFF. Where are you going? NINA. Back to the village. Is your mother here? TREPLIEFF. Yes, my uncle fell ill on Thursday, and we telegraphed for her to come. NINA. Why do you say that you have kissed the ground I walked on? You should

Thesaurus attachment: (n) appendix, addition, accessory, adherence, regard, link, bond, fitting, devotion, liking, connection. ANTONYMS: (n) aversion, estrangement, repulsion, separation, dislike. beseech: (v) beg, crave, implore, ask, request, adjure, pray, sue, appeal, solicit, plead. ANTONYMS: (v) give, offer, grant, reject. cease: (n, v) end, finish, stop; (v) quit, terminate, break, break off, close,

conclude, discontinue, abstain. kind, friendly, ardent, attached, ANTONYMS: (v) begin, start, admiring, gentle, fatherly; (adj, v) tender. ANTONYMS: (adj) cold, commence, persist, stay. gloomy: (adj) black, desolate, dejected, uncaring, malicious, cruel, unloving, cheerless, depressing, dismal, rough, paternal, indifferent, distant, downcast, disconsolate, melancholy, disapproving, callous. unendurable: (adj) intolerable, funereal, downhearted. ANTONYMS: (adj) encouraging, insufferable, insupportable, cheery, cheerful, bright, hopeful, excruciating, impossible, light, promising, uplifting, joyful, unsupportable, uneasy, teasing, sunny, clear. passionate, not patient, intolerant. loving: (adj) fond, devoted, amorous, ANTONYM: (adj) bearable.

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kill me rather. [She bends over the table] I am so tired. If I could only rest-rest. [She raises her head] I am a sea-gull--no--no, I am an actress. [She hears ARKADINA and TRIGORIN laughing in the distance, runs to the door on the left and looks through the keyhole] He is there too. [She goes back to TREPLIEFF] Ah, well--no matter. He does not believe in the theatre; he used to laugh at my dreams, so that little by little I became down-hearted and ceased to believe in it too. Then came all the cares of love, the continual anxiety about my little one, so that I soon grew trivial and spiritless, and played my parts without meaning. I never knew what to do with my hands, and I could not walk properly or control my voice. You cannot imagine the state of mind of one who knows as he goes through a play how terribly badly he is acting. I am a sea-gull--no--no, that is not what I meant to say. Do you remember how you shot a seagull once? A man chanced to pass that way and destroyed it out of idleness. That is an idea for a short story, but it is not what I meant to say. [She passes her hand across her forehead] What was I saying? Oh, yes, the stage. I have changed now. Now I am a real actress. I act with joy, with exaltation, I am intoxicated by it, and feel that I am superb. I have been walking and walking, and thinking and thinking, ever since I have been here, and I feel the strength of my spirit growing in me every day. I know now, I understand at last, Constantine, that for us, whether we write or act, it is not the honour and glory of which I have dreamt that is important, it is the strength to endure. One must know how to bear one's cross, and one must have faith. I believe, and so do not suffer so much, and when I think of my calling I do not fear life.% TREPLIEFF. [Sadly] You have found your way, you know where you are going, but I am still groping in a chaos of phantoms and dreams, not knowing whom and what end I am serving by it all. I do not believe in anything, and I do not know what my calling is. NINA. [Listening] Hush! I must go. Good-bye. When I have become a famous actress

Thesaurus bends: (n) caisson disease, aeroembolism, air embolism, bend, gas embolism, compressed air sickness. ceased: (adj) finished. continual: (adj, adv) constant; (adj) ceaseless, incessant, endless, continuous, frequent, everlasting, uninterrupted, perpetual, unrelenting, perennial. ANTONYMS: (adj) sporadic, temporary, occasional, finite, inconstant, infrequent, ending,

dead, depressed; (adj, v) feeble, low; ceasing, halting, rare, acute. groping: (adj) fumbling, gropingly, (v) soft. ANTONYMS: (adj) brave, investigative, incertain, blind, lively, happy, decisive. probing, tentative, uncertain, unsure, trivial: (adj) trifling, frivolous, little, hesitant, exploratory. small, commonplace, superficial, hears: (v) hear. petty, paltry, inconsiderable, keyhole: (n) hole, mousehole, piddling, slight. ANTONYMS: (adj) pigeonhole, porthole, loophole, free important, vital, major, urgent, throw line, peephole, knothole, profound, crucial, consequential, pinhole, small hole. considerable, enormous, mature, spiritless: (adj) listless, inanimate, serious. languid, flat, cheerless, soulless,

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you must come and see me. Will you promise to come? But now-- [She takes his hand] it is late. I can hardly stand. I am fainting. I am hungry.% TREPLIEFF. Stay, and let me bring you some supper. NINA. No, no--and don't come out, I can find the way alone. My carriage is not far away. So she brought him back with her? However, what difference can that make to me? Don't tell Trigorin anything when you see him. I love him--I love him even more than I used to. It is an idea for a short story. I love him--I love him passionately--I love him to despair. Have you forgotten, Constantine, how pleasant the old times were? What a gay, bright, gentle, pure life we led? How a feeling as sweet and tender as a flower blossomed in our hearts? Do you remember, [She recites] "All men and beasts, lions, eagles, and quails, horned stags, geese, spiders, silent fish that inhabit the waves, starfish from the sea, and creatures invisible to the eye--in one word, life--all, all life, completing the dreary round set before it, has died out at last. A thousand years have passed since the earth last bore a living creature on its breast, and the unhappy moon now lights her lamp in vain. No longer are the cries of storks heard in the meadows, or the drone of beetles in the groves of limes----" [She embraces TREPLIEFF impetuously and runs out onto the terrace.] TREPLIEFF. [After a pause] It would be a pity if she were seen in the garden. My mother would be distressed. [He stands for several minutes tearing up his manuscripts and throwing them under the table, then unlocks the door on the right and goes out.] DORN. [Trying to force open the door on the left] Odd! This door seems to be locked. [He comes in and puts the chair back in its former place] This is like a hurdle race.

Thesaurus beasts: (n) stock. ANTONYMS: (adv) deliberately, bourdon. beetles: (n) Coleoptera. eagles: (n) order Falconiformes, sensibly, patiently. dreary: (adj) depressing, drab, dull, inhabit: (v) reside, abide, occupy, caracaras, Falconiformes. cheerless, drear, miserable, gloomy, hurdle: (v) overcome, surmount; (n, v) lodge, settle, people, live, indwell, be, vault; (n) barrier, hitch, obstruction, exist; (n) habit. ANTONYMS: (v) dark, dismal, stuffy, disconsolate. ANTONYMS: (adj) interesting, obstacle, impediment, hindrance, desert, vacate. cheerful, sunny, brilliant, lively, light, difficulty, bar. ANTONYM: (n) help. spiders: (n) horseshoe crabs, Araneida, impetuously: (adv) rashly, exciting, clear, cheery, pleasant, order Araneae, order Araneida, exotic. impulsively, vehemently, scorpions, Araneae. drone: (n, v) hum, murmur; (v) whine, precipitately, fiercely, headily, starfish: (n) asteroid, sea star, asterids, idler, purr; (n) dawdler, droning, passionately, intensely, fierily, stellerid, crossfish, asteridian, laggard, sluggard, roll; (adv, n) spontaneously, thoughtlessly. echinoderm.

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[ARKADINA and PAULINA come in, followed by JACOB carrying some bottles; then come MASHA, SHAMRAEFF, and TRIGORIN.] ARKADINA. Put the claret and the beer here, on the table, so that we can drink while we are playing. Sit down, friends.% PAULINA. And bring the tea at once. [She lights the candles and takes her seat at the card-table. SHAMRAEFF leads TRIGORIN to the cupboard.] SHAMRAEFF. Here is the stuffed sea-gull I was telling you about. [He takes the sea-gull out of the cupboard] You told me to have it done. TRIGORIN. [looking at the bird] I don't remember a thing about it, not a thing. [A shot is heard. Every one jumps.] ARKADINA. [Frightened] What was that? DORN. Nothing at all; probably one of my medicine bottles has blown up. Don't worry. [He goes out through the door on the right, and comes back in a few moments] It is as I thought, a flask of ether has exploded. [He sings] "Spellbound once more I stand before thee." ARKADINA. [Sitting down at the table] Heavens! I was really frightened. That noise reminded me of-- [She covers her face with her hands] Everything is black before my eyes. DORN. [Looking through the pages of a magazine, to TRIGORIN] There was an article from America in this magazine about two months ago that I wanted to ask you about, among other things. [He leads TRIGORIN to the front of the

Thesaurus beer: (v) wine, heavy wet, stingo, spirits; (n) lager, ale, brewage, malt liquor, suds, alcoholic beverage, alcoholic drink. claret: (v) cider, Brazil tea, ice water; (n) blood, red wine, Bordeaux, red; (adj) dark red, burgundy, cherry, crimson. ether: (adj) air, elastic fluid, anaesthetic agent, steam, flatus, fume, reek, vapor; (n) divinyl ether, firmament, vinyl ether.

exploded: (adj) antebellum, (adj) unimpressed, confident, brave, antediluvian, blown over, expired, fearless, reassured. unconnected, elapsed, that has been, leads: (n) slating, pieced leads, slates, run out, no more, never to return; (v) pile driving leads, tiling. lights: (n) illumination, burn, lung, at a discount. flask: (n) bottle, flasket, container, spacing material. medicine: (n) drug, medication, cask, ampulla, carafe, decanter, jar, flagon, vacuum flask, vial. medicament, therapy, physic, frightened: (adj) fearful, timid, treatment, remedy, cathartic, medical science, preparation; (v) medicate. startled, terrified, scared, alarmed, anxious, apprehensive, horrified, intimidated, restless. ANTONYMS:

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stage] I am very much interested in this question. [He lowers his voice and whispers] You must take Madame Arkadina away from here; what I wanted to say was, that Constantine has shot himself.% [The curtain falls.]

Thesaurus away: (adj, adv) abroad, absent; (adj, adv, int) out; (adj) distant; (adv) aside, aloof, afar, way, by, forth; (adv, int) off. ANTONYMS: (adj) adjacent, neighboring, nearby, near, close; (adv) intermittently, haltingly, discontinuously, in. interested: (adj) concerned, involved, inquiring, inquisitive, keen, interesting, attentive, fascinated, responsive, partial, eager. ANTONYMS: (adj) uninterested,

bored, indifferent, unconcerned, hostile. question: (n, v) query, distrust, interrogate, matter, challenge, demand; (n) inquiry; (v) investigate, inquire, contest, examine. ANTONYMS: (n) certainty, resolution; (n, v) trust; (v) praise, reply, believe, accept. shot: (n) injection, gunshot, go, fling, shoot, crack, ball, picture, bang, jab, discharge.

stage: (n, v) phase; (n) floor, point, period, level, degree, proscenium, arena, layer; (v) present, order. voice: (n) speech, vox; (v) enunciate, pronounce, speak, say, vocalize, express, utter, articulate; (n, v) sound. ANTONYMS: (v) devoice, block. wanted: (adj) welcome, cherished, precious, treasured, marketable, invited, necessary, needed, desirable, desired, loved. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwanted, unwelcome.

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GLOSSARY able: (adj) dexterous, competent, clever, ingenious, accomplished, gifted, effective, fit, expert; (adj, n) talented, efficient. ANTONYMS: (adj) incapable, incompetent, weak, untrained, inept, delicate, feeble, infirm, clumsy, ineffective, ineffectual abominable: (adj, v) odious, foul; (adj) abhorrent, detestable, dreadful, awful, execrable, terrible, loathsome, cursed, wicked. ANTONYMS: (adj) nice, lovable, admirable, alluring, appealing, commendable, laudable, delightful, desirable, enjoyable, likable abominably: (adv) atrociously, awfully, terribly, repulsively, badly, frightfully, awful, sadly, hideously, sickeningly, rottenly above: (adv, prep) beyond, aloft, on, in excess of; (adv) up, supra, on top; (adj) preceding, former; (adj, prep) past; (prep) surpassing. ANTONYMS: (prep) beneath, under, deficient, underneath; (adj) inferior, following abroad: (adj, adv) overseas, away; (adv) afield, forth, beyond seas, yonder, farther, at large, further; (adj) foreign, out. ANTONYMS: (adj) remaining, nearby absolutely: (adv) entirely, completely, fully, purely, utterly, perfectly, totally, categorically, definitely, thoroughly; (adv, int) certainly. ANTONYMS: (adv) partly, doubtfully, questionably, somewhat, moderately, indefinitely, incompletely, fairly, conditionally, probably, possibly abstract: (adj) theoretical; (n) abridgement, epitome, summary, abridgment, precis; (v) abridge, filch, purloin; (n, v) digest, extract. ANTONYMS: (adj) concrete, real, literal, material, physical, specific,

objective; (v) expand, lengthen, strengthen, insert accept: (v) acknowledge, take, admit, recognize, yield, abide, accede, acquiesce, adopt, believe, assume. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, reject, deny, snub, renounce, oppose, resist, disbelieve, dispute, repudiate, quibble accepted: (adj) standard, acceptable, orthodox, acknowledged, assumed, established, understood, received, approved, current, proper. ANTONYMS: (adj) concealed, unusual, unorthodox, unconventional, refused, questionable, irregular, rejected, unknown, innovative, incorrect accidentally: (adv) incidentally, casually, fortuitously, by chance, coincidentally, adventitiously, unintentionally, contingently, haphazardly, occasionally, inadvertently. ANTONYMS: (adv) deliberately, knowingly, purposely, unfortunately, correctly accommodate: (adj, v) fit, adapt, suit; (n, v) oblige; (v) provide, contain, quarter, lodge, reconcile, fashion, hold. ANTONYMS: (v) constrain, block, disoblige, hinder, impede, incommode, limit, prevent, stop, bar accord: (n) agreement, consensus, harmony; (n, v) consent, concord, assent; (adj, v) agree; (v) give, bestow, suit, grant. ANTONYMS: (n) discord, strife, antagonism, hostility, friction, dissidence, dissension; (n, v) conflict; (v) withhold, question, oppose accursed: (adj) execrable, abominable, detestable, accurst, hateful, damned, damnable, maledict, blasted; (v) atrocious, stranded aching: (adj) sore, achy, hurt, uncomfortable, tender, hurtful, agonizing; (n) ache, pain, hurting;

(v) griped across: (adv) crossways, crosswise, sideways, traverse, diagonally; (adj) crossed; (prep) cross, athwart, above, thwart; (adv, prep) overthwart. ANTONYMS: (adv) along, lengthways; (adj) uncrossed acting: (adj) interim, active, temporary, pro Tem, provisional, agent, substitute; (n) drama, business, portrayal, playing action: (n, v) achievement, deed; (n) battle, play, performance, movement, accomplishment, agency, activity, fight, effect. ANTONYMS: (n) inaction, inactivity, inactiveness, ambush, stillness actor: (n, v) doer, performer; (n) player, agent, thespian, comedian, entertainer, mimic, histrion, artiste, impersonator. ANTONYMS: (n) fan, spectator actress: (n) player, actor, histrion, artist, thespian, performer, Terry, wood, shearer, young, west acts: (n) Acts of the Apostles, revelations, Epistles, apocalypse, act, advanced communications technology satellite, evangelists, gospels added: (adj) additional, further, extra, more, supplementary, accessorial, adscititious, supplemental, ancillary, other, new. ANTONYM: (adj) subtracted admirable: (adj) fine, outstanding, beautiful, great, commendable, lovely, good, creditable, praiseworthy, worthy, grand. ANTONYMS: (adj) appalling, poor, unworthy, despicable, contemptible, detestable, dishonorable, rotten, unimpressive, loathsome, low admiration: (n) esteem, adoration, appreciation, reverence, estimation, amazement, liking, awe,

90 compliment; (adj, n) regard; (v) laud. ANTONYMS: (n) disdain, criticism, disapproval, contempt, abhorrence, loathing, disgust, despising, dishonor, disparagement, detestation admire: (v) revere, look up to, idolize, appreciate, adore, wonder, praise, worship, admiring, esteem, honor. ANTONYMS: (v) despise, loathe, scorn, hate, condemn, abhor, disrespect, detest, disregard, disapprove, deprecate admit: (n, v) allow; (adj, v) acknowledge; (v) concede, accede, grant, affirm, confess, include, permit, take, welcome. ANTONYMS: (v) reject, exclude, bar, dispute, gainsay, withhold, refuse, oust, hide, eject, dismiss advances: (v) access, approach advice: (n) warning, counsel, caution, report, exhortation, council, tidings, counselling, notice, intelligence, instruction. ANTONYMS: (n) misrepresentation, deceit, deception, lie, falsehood, betrayal, warning advise: (v) recommend, propose, warn, inform, acquaint, suggest, notify, announce, tell, offer, forewarn. ANTONYMS: (v) betray, deceive, delude, fool, trick affairs: (n) dealings, concern, circumstances, transaction, occupation, duty, matters, matter, personal business, gear, finances affect: (v) move, impress, pretend, act, strike, fake, feign, stir, dispose; (n) sentiment; (n, v) regard affection: (n) charity, attachment, fondness, heart, love, disease, nature, feeling, affectionateness, tenderness, kindness. ANTONYMS: (n) disgust, neglect, malice, loathing, dislike, detachment, coldness, roughness afraid: (adj) fearful, timid, shy, apprehensive, anxious, worried, scared, frightened, nervous, terrified; (adj, adv) cowardly. ANTONYMS: (adj) brave, venturesome, calm, confident, cool, courageous, eager, unafraid, valiant, bold, carefree afterward: (adv, conj) then, after that; (adv) thereafter, afterwards, later, subsequently, later on, next, soon; (adj) following; (n) future. ANTONYMS: (adv) now, previously, before again: (adv) more, then, repeatedly, anew, encore, furthermore, yet, also,

The Sea-Gull often, once again, once more against: (adj, adv) counter; (prep) toward, versus, from; (pref) by; (v) oppose; (adv, prep) on; (n) opposition; (adj) unwilling, repugnant; (adv) athwart. ANTONYMS: (prep) for; (adj) eager agony: (n) torture, suffering, torment, distress, misery, passion, pain, grief, pang, sorrow, throe. ANTONYMS: (n) pleasure, joy, euphoria, bliss, happiness, ecstasy, peace, content agree: (v) admit, acknowledge, acquiesce, adjust, concord, bargain, suit, accede, harmonize, fit; (n, v) coincide. ANTONYMS: (v) oppose, differ, argue, refuse, object, refute, conflict, fight, dispute, decline, contend ahead: (adv) in advance, formerly, beforehand, previously, along, onward, beyond, in the van; (adj) front; (adj, adv) forward; (v) precede. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) late; (adv) subsequently, following, back, before, after, ago, backward, losing, later; (adj) behindhand akimbo: (adj) geniculated, knock kneed, crinkled; (n) knuckle, fluke, kimbo, crane, groin, crotch, knee, zigzag alcohol: (n) juice, liquor, ethanol, intoxicant, hooch, alcoholic beverage, potable, firewater, drinkable, spirits; (v) alcoholism alexander: (n) Alexanders, horse parsley, black lovage alive: (adj) live, vivacious, living, sensible, delicate, snappy, animated, lively, spry, responsive; (n) life. ANTONYMS: (adj) deceased, inanimate, unanimated, dispirited, dull, inactive, lethargic, lifeless, listless, nonfunctioning, sluggish allow: (adj, v) admit, accord; (v) agree, permit, grant, accede, acquiesce, afford, authorize, bear; (n, v) give. ANTONYMS: (v) prohibit, deny, reject, refuse, keep, prevent, disallow, disapprove, withstand, hold, outlaw allowed: (adj) allowable, legal, admissible, sanctioned, authorized, legitimate, free, accepted, tolerable; (v) allow, warranted. ANTONYMS: (adj) unacceptable, unlawful, constrained almost: (adj, adv, prep) about; (adj, adv) nearly, all but, near, nigh; (adv, prep) just about, approximately; (adv) just, mostly, virtually, most. ANTONYMS: (adv) surely, exactly,

definitely, certainly alone: (adj) forlorn, individual, lonely, lonesome; (adj, adv) only, apart; (adv) solely, entirely, exclusively, separately, individually. ANTONYMS: (adj) overshadowed, ordinary, mobbed, equaled, crowded, accompanied, common, grouped, surpassed; (adv) jointly; (n) foe along: (adv) ahead, alongside, forwards, forth, throughout, lengthwise, onward, before; (prep) beside, from; (n) at. ANTONYMS: (adv) across, separate, apart, far already: (adv) beforehand, previously, before, formerly, even now, just now, at present, once, heretofore, yet, in advance altogether: (adv) absolutely, all, wholly, perfectly, purely, all in all, completely, entirely, totally, simply, ensemble. ANTONYMS: (adv) incompletely, partially always: (adv) continuously, whenever, permanently, ever, usually, eternally, unceasingly; (adj) perpetual, still, eternal; (adj, adv) without exception. ANTONYMS: (adv) erratically, intermittently, temporarily amateur: (adj) unskilled, amateurish, inexperienced; (n) novice, beginner, fan, apprentice, aspirant, dabbler, devotee, lover. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) expert; (adj) practiced, trained; (n) genius, virtuoso, specialist, master; (adv) paid america: (n) United States, United States of America, USA, us, American, north, Psilotum nudum, New world, union, Columbia, the Americas among: (prep) between, amidst, mid, in, amongst, in the middle of, inter, in the midst of, with, within, middle. ANTONYM: (prep) outside amuse: (v) please, beguile, absorb, entertain, enjoy, disport, distract, delight, occupy, recreate, rejoice. ANTONYMS: (v) bore, dull, tire, annoy, anger, cloy, depress, weary, disappoint ancient: (adj) old, obsolete, antiquated, former, past, archaic, antique, primitive, bygone, hoary; (adj, n) elder. ANTONYMS: (adj) contemporary, young, recent, fresh, new, present, youthful, current anew: (adv) again, newly, lately, recently, over again, once more, once again, new; (adj) only

Anton Chekhov yesterday, the other day, just now angel: (n, v) sponsor, support; (n) backer, cherub, messenger, patron, benefactor, saint; (adj) Dulcinea, goddess; (adj, n) darling. ANTONYMS: (n) fiend, devil, jerk, demon angelic: (adj) cherubic, heavenly, seraphic, virtuous, celestial, beautiful, angelical, divine, good, holy, saintly. ANTONYMS: (adj) devilish, demonic, dark, wicked anger: (n) fury, rage, displeasure, resentment, indignation; (v) incense, offend, irritate, exasperate; (adj) angry; (n, v) wrath. ANTONYMS: (v) placate, pacify, tickle; (n) pleasure, composure, glee, affection, serenity, goodwill, forbearance; (n, v) calm angrily: (adv) irately, passionately, fiercely, indignantly, cholericly, resentfully, enragedly, infuriatedly, wrathfully, madly, crossly. ANTONYMS: (adv) warmly, lightly, calmly, cheerfully, gently, gladly angry: (adj) anger, furious, provoked, incensed, vehement, fierce, irate, raging, maddened, shirty, indignation. ANTONYMS: (adj) pleased, gentle, joyful, content, euphoric, mild, happy, resigned, joyous, gleeful, quiet animal: (adj, n) brute; (n) beast, organism, living thing, being, fauna; (adj, adv) fleshly; (adj) bodily, carnal, corporeal, physical. ANTONYMS: (adj) refined, mineral, genteel, mental, rational, intellectual, vegetable, delicate, factual, spiritual; (n) plant announced: (adj) proclaimed, declared another: (adj) second, more, alternative, additional, new, further, fresh, extra; (adj, v) other; (adj, pron) some other; (n) the other. ANTONYMS: (n, pron) same answer: (n, v) respond, retort; (v) counter, serve, resolve, acknowledge, correspond; (n) solution, defence, return, reaction. ANTONYMS: (n, v) question; (v) ask, differ, fail, ignore; (n) request, problem, invitation, poison anxiety: (n) disquiet, trouble, fear, care, alarm, anxiousness, uneasiness, worry, anguish, concern; (adj, n) solicitude. ANTONYMS: (n) calm, bravery, confidence, reassurance, security, relaxation, indifference, serenity, tranquility,

peace, satisfaction anything: (adv) any, somewhat; (n) thing, aught, everything, something, any part; (adj) whatsoever; (pron) suchlike apologetic: (adj) regretful, sorry, contrite, penitent, rueful, alleged, ashamed, compunctious, deprecatory, apologize, regret. ANTONYMS: (adj) defensive, defiant, glad, recalcitrant, stubborn, unapologetic, unremorseful appear: (v) occur, seem, sound, come out, turn up, show, emerge, break, arrive, feel, arise. ANTONYMS: (v) vanish, hide, stop, sink, recede, go, depart appeared: (n) appearing appears: (n) appearing appreciated: (adj) respected, prized, valued, comprehended, welcome, treasured, valuable, aesthetic, apprehended, esteemed, gratifying approaching: (adj) future, forthcoming, impending, imminent, oncoming, near; (adj, n) coming; (n, v) approach; (adv) nearly, almost; (prep) toward arguments: (n) reasons, argument, contention, advice, opinion, influence, point of view, urging, wiles arms: (n) armament, coat of arms, weaponry, ammunition, shield, ordnance, order, munition, hardware, blazon; (adj) armed army: (n) troop, host, armed forces, battery, swarm, navy, multitude, force, flock; (adj, n) military; (adj) array around: (adv) approximately, almost, roughly, just about, some; (adv, prep) round, encompassing; (adj) near; (n) vicinity; (prep) all round, encircling arranged: (adj) settled, regular, prepared, orderly, fixed, organized, ready, tidy, straight, ordered, neat. ANTONYMS: (adj) disorderly, disorganized, changing, unprepared, untidy article: (n) thing, object, chapter, feature, commodity, composition, ware, entity, discourse, essay, column artificial: (adj) affected, theatrical, unreal, unnatural, strained, manmade, bogus, forced, phony, feigned, false. ANTONYMS: (adj) genuine, real, sincere, authentic, organic, untreated artist: (n) actor, artificer, player,

91 master, musician, performer, draftsman, sculptor, painter, entertainer, maker. ANTONYM: (n) spectator artistic: (adj) esthetic, aesthetic, elegant, ingenious, pleasing, tasteful, attic, imaginative, creative, inventive, harmonious. ANTONYMS: (adj) inelegant, scientific, ugly, unattractive, unimaginative, crude ashamed: (adj) hangdog, guilty, embarrassed, sheepish, remorseful, regretful, bashful, disconcerted, contrite, chagrined; (v) dashed. ANTONYMS: (adj) proud, arrogant, unremorseful, unashamed, pleased, blatant, bold, happy, unabashed, unrepentant aside: (adv) apart, away, beside, alongside, in reserve, off, abreast; (adj, adv) by; (n) digression, divagation, parenthesis. ANTONYMS: (adv) erectly, uprightly, vertically asking: (v) ask; (n) invitation, prayer, suit, application, begging, supplication, entreaty, billing; (adj) interrogatory, interrogative asleep: (adj) sleeping, deceased, sleepy, dormant, numb, dead, sound asleep, snoozing, slumbering, napping, gone. ANTONYMS: (adj) up, attentive, alert, conscious assumed: (adj) sham, affected, fictitious, fake, feigned, counterfeit, pretended, reputed, artificial, hypothetical, spurious. ANTONYMS: (adj) true, authentic, explicit, known, real, natural asthma: (n) breathe with effort, panting, anhelation, asthma attack, bronchial asthma astonishing: (adj) amazing, wonderful, stupendous, prodigious, strange, surprising, astounding, incredible, breathtaking; (v) astonish; (adj, n) marvelous. ANTONYMS: (adj) ordinary, humdrum, boring, mundane, dull, expected, predictable, usual, comforting astonishment: (n) admiration, wonder, wonderment, surprise, marvel, stupefaction, confusion, consternation, awe, alarm, startle. ANTONYMS: (n) calmness, belief, contempt asylum: (n) shelter, sanctuary, haven, retreat, home, madhouse, insane asylum, institution, cover, harbor, protection

92 atoms: (n) smithereens, Smither attachment: (n) appendix, addition, accessory, adherence, regard, link, bond, fitting, devotion, liking, connection. ANTONYMS: (n) aversion, estrangement, repulsion, separation, dislike attack: (n, v) assail, attempt, thrust, raid, charge; (n) incursion, seizure, aggression, fit; (v) invade, aggress. ANTONYMS: (v) defend, protect, flatter, aid, avoid, commend, compliment, procrastinate; (n, v) retreat, praise; (n) protection attained: (adj) attains, attaint, reached, complete, earned, fulfilled attempt: (n, v) endeavor, offer, struggle, assay, essay, attack; (n) effort, trial; (v) undertake, chance, aim. ANTONYMS: (n) success, fulfillment, achievement, accomplishment; (v) succeed, fulfill, achieve, accomplish, perform attempted: (adj) unsuccessful attempts: (adj) trying attend: (n, v) tend, escort, nurse, conduct; (v) assist, serve, minister, aid, look, partake, follow. ANTONYMS: (v) neglect, leave, ignore, disregard, desert, abandon attention: (n) mind, heed, notice, alertness, care, advertency, aid, consideration, ear, attentiveness, precision. ANTONYMS: (n) neglect, negligence, thoughtlessness, abandonment, abstraction, discourtesy, disregard, oversight, indifference, insensibility, carelessness attract: (v) charm, beguile, tempt, enamor, invite, entice, captivate, draw, arrest, beckon; (adj, v) allure. ANTONYMS: (v) disgust, repulse, dismiss, appall, shun, exude attracted: (adj) paying attention, concerned, enamored, enthusiastic, interested, involved, amatory audience: (n) hearing, attendance, house, listener, meeting, turnout, hearer, spectators, gallery, following; (n, v) auditory author: (n) writer, producer, founder, creator, inventor, parent, originator, architect, maker; (v) compose, create. ANTONYM: (n) reader autumn: (n) fall, season, downfall, descent, declivity, harvest avenue: (n) road, route, sort, path, passage, approach, way, means, boulevard, course, lane average: (adj) median, fair, common, middling, middle, ordinary, normal,

The Sea-Gull mid, moderate; (adj, n) standard, medium. ANTONYMS: (adj, n, v) maximum; (adj) extraordinary, exceptional, abnormal, unusual, impressive, extreme, atypical, intolerable, poor; (n) extremity awaiting: (adj) looming, imminent, in the near future, pending, expectant away: (adj, adv) abroad, absent; (adj, adv, int) out; (adj) distant; (adv) aside, aloof, afar, way, by, forth; (adv, int) off. ANTONYMS: (adj) adjacent, neighboring, nearby, near, close; (adv) intermittently, haltingly, discontinuously, in baby: (n) babe, child, darling; (v) pamper, indulge, coddle, mollycoddle, spoil; (adj, n) miniature, young; (adj) small. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore, neglect; (adj) large, mature, big; (n) parent, adolescent, adult, grownup background: (n) groundwork, backdrop, education, basis, context, scene, environment, backcloth, panorama, ground, situation. ANTONYM: (n) future badly: (adv) poorly, severely, awfully, wrongly, seriously, naughtily, wickedly, hardly, corruptly, injuriously; (adj, adv) gravely. ANTONYMS: (adv) skillfully, obediently, perfectly, giftedly, flawlessly, satisfactorily, admirably, superbly, shamelessly, excellently, pleasingly ballet: (n) ballet-music, music, pantomime, harlequinade, interlude, lever de rideau, opera bouffe, piece, play, stage play, tragedy bandage: (v) bind, wrap, dress, envelop; (adj, n) truss, tie; (n) swathe, binding, roller, gauze; (adj) string. ANTONYM: (v) undress bank: (n) dam, coast, limit, stack; (n, v) store, slope, gradient, embankment, heap, hill; (v) deposit. ANTONYMS: (v) withdraw, spend, align, disburse, distrust, plumb, straighten; (n) hollow banker: (n) cashier, teller, cambist, investor, moneyman, bank employee, capitalist, ditcher, goldsmith, usurer, moneyer bankrupt: (v) ruin, break, impoverish, deprive; (adj) broke, destitute, poor, impoverished; (n) bankruptcy, failure, insolvency. ANTONYMS: (adj) rich, profiting, flourishing, wealthy; (v) enrich bark: (n, v) skin, yelp, snarl, cry, rind, shout; (v) growl, roar; (n) bay, peel,

crust. ANTONYMS: (n, v) whisper base: (adj) abject, mean, dishonorable, low, vile, ignoble, bad, contemptible; (n) foundation; (n, v) ground; (v) found. ANTONYMS: (n) top, summit, frill, ceiling, apex; (adj) noble, honest, good, principled, grand, pleasant basket: (n) cage, hamper, basketful, creel, Corf, coop, bucket, spinner basket, bassinet, containerful, cradle bass: (adj) deep, resonant, rich, sonorous, abstruse; (n) bass voice, basso, sea bass, bass clef, bast; (adv) accompaniment. ANTONYM: (adj) shrill bathed: (adj) sweaty battle: (n, v) fight, struggle, combat, contest, war, conflict, clash, brawl; (v) wrestle; (n) fighting, warfare. ANTONYMS: (n) peace, agreement, truce, concord, armistice, accord, surrender bazar: (n) bazaar, shop, store, marketplace, mart bear: (v) accept, take, stand, acquit, abide, allow, wear, comport, tolerate, convey, teem. ANTONYMS: (v) release, avoid, destroy, dodge, take, eradicate, evade, kill, refuse, erase; (n) bull beard: (v) defy, dare; (adj, v) brave; (adj, n) hair; (n) whiskers, moustache, sloven, facial hair; (n, v) camouflage, disguise, mask. ANTONYM: (n) shaven beast: (n) animal, monster, swine, fiend, creature, scavenger, savage, critter, animate being, barbarian; (adj) bear. ANTONYM: (n) man beasts: (n) stock beat: (n, v) pulse, throb, tick, flap, knock; (v) batter, whip, trounce, pulsate, bat; (n) round. ANTONYMS: (v) protect, help, divide, cede, aid, separate, surrender; (adj) invigorated, energized; (n) caress, pat beaten: (adj) overpowered, routed, conquered, overcome, prostrate, frothy, trounced, worsted; (v) beat, lose, fail. ANTONYMS: (adj) heartened, uplifted, triumphant, encouraged, loose beautiful: (adj) attractive, goodlooking, bright, neat, beauteous, pleasant, picturesque, fine, pretty, lovely; (n) beauty. ANTONYMS: (adj) unattractive, homely, grotesque, plain, repulsive, awkward, ordinary, dull beautifully: (adv) exquisitely, nicely,

Anton Chekhov gorgeously, splendidly, handsomely, attractively, superbly, charmingly, divinely, grandly, elegantly. ANTONYMS: (adv) unappealingly, tastelessly, abysmally, harshly, horribly, badly beauty: (n) attractiveness, beaut, charm, pulchritude, loveliness, exquisiteness, grace, grandeur, looker, good looks; (adj) beautiful. ANTONYMS: (n) hag, plainness, shortcoming, flaw, witch, dog, disadvantage, detraction, repulsiveness, eyesore, awkwardness beckoning: (adj) irresistible become: (v) grow, suit, be, match, come about, arise, get, sit, to become, fall; (adj) becoming. ANTONYMS: (v) halt, stay, lower, stop, reduce, clash becomes: (v) become beer: (v) wine, heavy wet, stingo, spirits; (n) lager, ale, brewage, malt liquor, suds, alcoholic beverage, alcoholic drink bees: (n) Apoidea, superfamily Apoidea beetles: (n) Coleoptera befall: (v) bechance, become, happen, fall, arise, come about, occur, betide, chance, transpire, pass before: (adv) ahead, ago, in front, previously, already, forth; (adv, prep) fore, afore; (adj) preceding, prior; (adj, adv) earlier. ANTONYMS: (adv, prep) later, behind, afterward, after; (adv) subsequently, ahead; (adj) subsequent began: (v) Gan beggar: (n) mendicant, mumper, pauper, tramp, sponger, joker, poor man, cadger, bloke; (v) beg, pauperize. ANTONYM: (n) giver begging: (n) mendicancy, request, plea; (v) asking, beg; (adj) beseeching, entreating, mendicant, imploring, suppliant, vagabond begin: (v) commence, arise, initiate, become, enter, rise, originate, undertake, create, dawn, set out. ANTONYMS: (v) end, stop, cease, terminate, die, delay, complete, conclude beginning: (n) commencement, derivation, birth, start, opening, origin, begin, onset, debut, kickoff; (adj) original. ANTONYMS: (n) finish, finale, conclusion, demise, ending, culmination, closing, departure, expiration, termination,

middle behind: (adj, n) back, rear; (adj, adv) backward, late; (adv) backwards, later, aback, beyond; (n) backside, can; (prep) abaft. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) early; (adv) fore; (adj) prompt believe: (n) belief, believing; (v) assume, conceive, consider, reckon, guess, accredit, to believe, understand; (n, v) trust. ANTONYMS: (v) distrust, doubt, question, suspect, reject, discredit, deny, despair belong: (v) appertain, pertain, lie, go, belong to, attach, dwell, consist, come, rank, stand. ANTONYMS: (v) separate, disagree, disassociate, leave, quit, differ beloved: (adj, n) dear, darling, favorite, pet; (adj) precious, loved, cherished; (n) love, dearest, honey, sweetheart. ANTONYMS: (adj) detested, despised, disliked bench: (n) banquette, chair, workbench, court, terrace, bank, bar, judicatory, Ottoman, board, form bends: (n) caisson disease, aeroembolism, air embolism, bend, gas embolism, compressed air sickness beneath: (adv, prep) below, under; (adj) low, inferior; (adv) downward, infra, at a lower place; (prep) lower than, less than, unworthy of, unbefitting. ANTONYMS: (adv, prep) over; (adv) higher benefit: (n, v) aid, assist, profit, avail, help, gain, favor; (n) good, assistance, service, interest. ANTONYMS: (n) loss, drawback, ill, detriment, hindrance; (n, v) harm; (v) hinder, hurt, injure, impair, disfavor beseech: (v) beg, crave, implore, ask, request, adjure, pray, sue, appeal, solicit, plead. ANTONYMS: (v) give, offer, grant, reject besetting: (adj) rife, prevalent, prevailing, urgent, epidemic, compulsive; (v) fixed, hackneyed, ingrafted, inveterate, permanent beside: (adv) on, abreast, aside, closely, nearly; (prep) about; (adv, prep) besides; (adj) adjacent; (n) while, at; (adj, prep) near besides: (adv) as well, moreover, too, furthermore, again, as well as, anyway, additionally; (prep) apart from, beside; (adj, adv) more best: (adj, n) supreme, most, elite; (adj) superior, great, leading, choice, superlative; (v) beat, outdo; (adj, n,

93 v) top. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) worst; (v) lose, surrender; (adj) minimum, lowest, least, inferior, incorrect, fewest; (n) loser; (adv) insincerely better: (adj, v) improve, mend; (adj, adv, v) best; (v) recover, ameliorate, emend, reform, advance, enhance, surpass; (n) bettor. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) worse; (adj, n) inferior; (v) worsen, deteriorate; (adj) lesser, lower, tinier, ill, unhealthy, smaller, sicker beyond: (adj, prep) across; (adv, prep) above, without, besides, over; (adj, adv) further; (adv) away, by, more, farther, abroad. ANTONYMS: (prep) below; (adv) close, inside bird: (n) wench, poultry, fowl, girl, birdie, hen, chick, Bronx cheer, shuttlecock, archaeornis, archeopteryx birth: (n) beginning, genesis, ancestry, descent, extraction, start, onset, parentage, origin; (v) delivery; (n, v) parturition. ANTONYMS: (n) death, bereavement, ending, finale, finish, passing, end, decease, conclusion, demise bitter: (adj, v) acrimonious, acrid; (adj) sharp, acid, malicious, caustic, virulent, sour, resentful, keen, acerbic. ANTONYMS: (adj) mild, charitable, hot, sugary, kind, wonderful, warm, pleasant, nice, agreeable, gentle black: (adj) sable, dark, ebony, colored, bleak, dirty, evil, nigger, darkie, unclean; (adj, n) blackamoor. ANTONYMS: (v) whiten; (adj) spotless, snowy, saintly, pale, optimistic, merry, light, angelic, ivory, bright blame: (v) arraign, chide; (n, v) reprimand, censure, attack, charge, reproach, rap, rebuke, fault; (n) onus. ANTONYMS: (n, v) praise; (v) absolve, exonerate, commend, clear, acquit; (n) vindication, exoneration, honor, absolution, glory blanket: (adj) sweeping, overall, comprehensive, global, wholesale, generic; (n, v) cloak; (n) sheath, sheet, bedding; (v) clothe. ANTONYMS: (adj) uncomprehensive, discerning, incomplete, partial, specific bless: (v) consecrate, celebrate, sanctify, anoint, eulogize, sign, praise, keep, grant, glorify; (n) blessing. ANTONYMS: (v) curse, condemn, disapprove, damn,

94 disallow, deny blessing: (n) benediction, approval, mercy, felicity, benison, benefit, luck, advantage, boon, bless, godsend. ANTONYMS: (n) curse, misfortune, disaster, condemnation, adversity, desecration, refusal, veto, disadvantage blind: (n) curtain, shutter, veil, drape, awning, trick; (v) bedazzle, dazzle, daze; (adj) sightless; (adj, v) obscure. ANTONYMS: (adj) sighted, uncovered, understanding, sharp, seeing, revealed, quick, perceptive, open, controlled, cautious bliss: (n) happiness, joy, ecstasy, pleasure, paradise, blessedness, felicity, elation, beatitude, heaven, blessing. ANTONYMS: (n) misery, sorrow, agony, grief, anguish, sadness, suffering, gloom, hell, dissatisfaction bloom: (adj, n, v) flower; (v) prosper, flourish, thrive, burgeon; (adj, v) blow, fructify; (n) prime, blush, flush, bud. ANTONYMS: (v) shrivel, struggle, wane, die, deteriorate, decrease; (n) pallor, withering blown: (adj) puffy, panting, swollen, winded, inflated, moving, high, haughty lofty, late; (v) puffing and blowing; (n) blowen blue: (adj) depressed, down, gloomy, low, spicy, livid, naughty, sapphire, sad, downhearted, downcast. ANTONYMS: (adj) clean, happy, joyous, refined, moral, decent, upbeat, joyful, gay, cheerful, cheery bodies: (n) people, public book: (v) order, reserve, inscribe, apply, write; (n) account book, pamphlet, journal, volume; (n, v) list, record. ANTONYMS: (v) free, exonerate books: (n) notebook, account, ledger, literature, accountancy bore: (v) dig, tire, pierce, tap, annoy, perforate; (n, v) bother, plague; (n) auger, well, gimlet. ANTONYMS: (v) fascinate, excite, hypnotize, engage, entertain, stimulate; (n) charmer, exciter, excitement, pleasure bored: (adj) weary, boring, blase, uninterested, bore, listless, jaded, sick, fed up, annoyed, indifferent. ANTONYMS: (adj) energetic, fresh born: (adj) native, natural, congenital, inbred, inborn, innate, inherent, untutored; (v) be born, to be born, arise. ANTONYMS: (adj) learned, unborn, acquired, trained

The Sea-Gull bother: (n, v) trouble, torment, worry, hassle, pain; (adj, n, v) fuss, bore; (v) vex, annoy, irritate; (n) nuisance. ANTONYMS: (n, v) delight; (v) soothe, please, help, aid, comfort, placate, encourage, defend; (n) accord, satisfaction bothering: (v) teasing, tormenting, carking; (n) harassment, provocation bottle: (n) container, jug, flask, cruet, vial, pot, phial, jar, decanter, carboy; (n, v) can boxes: (n) auditory, pit, parquet, gallery, box, case, front of the house, bleachers, stalls brain: (n) mastermind, genius, head, mind, reason, wit, psyche, noddle, intelligence, nous, brains. ANTONYMS: (n) emotion, moron, body, dummy, imbecile, idiot, physicality brains: (n) cleverness, intellect, intelligence, sense, mind, wisdom, pate, wit, wits, reason; (adj, n) head. ANTONYM: (n) stupidity brandy: (n) applejack, spirits, brandies, liquor, Brandywine, Marc, fruit brandy; (v) brandy smash bravely: (adv) courageously, fearlessly, valiantly, boldly, intrepidly, dauntlessly, gallantly, audaciously, undauntedly, heroically, doughtily. ANTONYMS: (adv) timidly, fearfully, execrably, nervously bravo: (v) murderer, slayer, Cain, matador, sabreur; (n) thug, liquidator; (adj) bully, hotspur, enfant perdu, scapegrace break: (n, v) crack, fracture, breach, burst, rupture, stop, pause; (n) interruption, respite, suspension; (v) infringe. ANTONYMS: (v) obey, honor, lose, make, observe, resume, stay, strengthen; (n, v) mend; (n) continuation, misfortune breakfast: (n) repast, banquet, dejeuner, mealtime, feast, meal; (v) sup, take tea, eat, have a meal, dine breaking: (n) breakage, breach, violation, infringement, contravention, smash, rift, scutching, shift, intermission; (v) deaden breaks: (n) lot, destiny, opportunity, chance breast: (n) boob, udder, tit, titty, chest, knocker, mammilla, bust, pap, heart; (n, v) front breath: (n) wind, air, inspiration, puff, soul, aspiration, respite, airflow; (v) breathe, respire; (adj, n)

whisper breathe: (n, v) respire, subsist, imply; (n) breath, bespeak; (adj, n, v) live; (v) exhale, exist, emit, rest, be. ANTONYMS: (v) suffocate, hide, choke, asphyxiate, drain, die, inhale breathless: (adj, adv) out of breath; (adj) panting, inanimate, breathtaking, winded, choking, puffing; (v) all agog, aghast; (adj, n) eager; (n) in hysterics. ANTONYMS: (adj) dull, expected, boring brewing: (v) preparing, forthcoming, culinary art, brooding; (n) production; (adj) impending, destined, imminent bright: (adj) alive, vivid, intelligent, apt, shining, brilliant, lustrous, luminous, light, beaming, shiny. ANTONYMS: (adj) cloudy, stupid, gloomy, dim, unintelligent, dreary, dark, overcast, shadowy, thick, leaden brightly: (adv) vividly, luminously, radiantly, gaily, clearly, shiningly, intensely, cheerfully, smartly, bright, lustrously. ANTONYMS: (adv) gloomily, drearily, bleakly, stupidly, dully, blankly, seriously, pessimistically brilliant: (adj, v) splendid, glorious, illustrious, smart; (adj) sunny, intelligent, magnificent, luminous, spectacular, vivid, beautiful. ANTONYMS: (adj) dull, dim, awful, dark, unexceptional, typical, tarnished, grimy, unintelligent, normal, useless bring: (v) convey, get, take, bear, carry, put, conduct, return, reduce, set, bring in. ANTONYMS: (v) drop, free, leave, lose, remove, avoid broad: (adj) wide, sweeping, comprehensive, vast, general, extensive, large, ample, free, big; (n) female. ANTONYMS: (adj) specific, thin, restricted, polite, minor, limited, exclusive, dogmatic, decent, cultured, confined broken: (adj) torn, tame, damaged, intermittent, uneven, imperfect, rugged, rough, out of order; (adj, v) busted, ruined. ANTONYMS: (adj) unbroken, intact, wild, whole, working, uplifted, uninterrupted, triumphant, running, indomitable, incessant brooch: (n) broach, jewelry; (n, v) clasp; (v) fasten brother: (n) fellow, blood brother, associate, counterpart, crony, comrade, buddy, peer, chum,

Anton Chekhov sidekick, monk. ANTONYMS: (n) enemy, opposer, opponent brush: (n, v) broom, touch, kiss; (v) sweep, polish, graze, clean; (n) brushwood, conflict, copse, encounter bucket: (n) pail, container, bucketful, scoop, tankard, pipkin, skeel, mug, pan, can; (v) rain cats and dogs bunch: (n, v) crowd, clump, pack, bundle, group, huddle; (n) batch, lot, band, troop, gang. ANTONYMS: (v) spread, separate, scatter; (n) individual burning: (adj) blazing, ablaze, boiling, afire, flaming, hot; (n) combustion, firing; (adj, n) passionate, zealous, glowing. ANTONYMS: (adj) cold, trivial, cool, out, painless, quenched, soothing, unimportant, apathetic, insignificant, unconcerned burnt: (adj) adust, heated, baked, torrid, sunburnt, seared, scorched, well done, tempered, overdone, combust. ANTONYMS: (adj) underdone, unburned, wet burst: (adj, n, v) crack; (adj, v) split, blow up, explode, splinter, detonate; (n, v) rupture, blast; (adj, n) flash; (v) break out, belch. ANTONYMS: (v) attach, join, connect, fasten, trickle bushes: (n) underbrush, thicket, undergrowth, minor league business: (n) subject, matter, event, vocation, job, profession, affair, work, corporation, occupation; (adj, n) trade. ANTONYMS: (adj) charitable, private; (n) pleasure, avocation, fun, entertainment, hobby busy: (adj) brisk, engaged, assiduous, occupied, agile, meddlesome, industrious, crowded, officious, live; (v) occupy. ANTONYMS: (adj) free, inactive, dodging, available, deserted, lazy, quiet, still, unengaged, avoiding, empty caesar: (n) dictator, Gaius Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar, king call: (n, v) appeal, shout, bellow, name, yell, howl, request, appoint; (v) bid, summon; (n) call option. ANTONYMS: (v) whisper, mutter, cancel, listen, stop, suppose, murmur; (n) dismissal, give, grant, silence called: (adj) named, titled, chosen, known as; (v) nempt, ycleped calling: (n) business, occupation, call, avocation, job, trade, career, employment, walk, pursuit; (n, v)

profession. ANTONYMS: (n) entertainment, hobby calls: (n) securities, puts, bonds, preferred stock, common stock calm: (adj, n, v) assuage, appease, lull; (adj, v) cool, pacify, peaceful, easy, steady; (adj, adv, n, v) still; (n, v) allay; (v) mollify. ANTONYMS: (adj) agitated, wild, stormy, nervous, angry, scared, terrified, tense; (v) agitate, provoke; (adj, v) upset came: (v) arrive, come camomile: (n) chamomile, Anthemis nobilis, herb cane: (n, v) scourge, whip; (v) flog, beat, birch, thrash, lash; (n) stick, bat, rattan, twig cannonball: (n) cannon ball, shell, letter, round shot, epistle, bullet train, ammunition, message, Shinkansen cantor: (n) musician, hazan, choirmaster capable: (adj) competent, adequate, apt, adept, accomplished, fit, gifted, qualified, proficient, trained; (adj, n) efficient. ANTONYMS: (adj) incapable, inept, unable, helpless, lacking, bad, unimaginative, unqualified, untrained cape: (n) headland, ness, shawl, tippet, coat, point, mantelet, promontory, mantle, capellet, capeskin caprice: (n) fancy, fantasy, humor, quirk, freak, notion, impulse, fit, capriccio, fad, vagary. ANTONYMS: (n) plan, strategy, blueprint, reality captive: (n) convict, prisoner of war, slave, detainee, jailbird, gaolbird; (adj) confined, imprisoned, rapt, jailed, amoroso. ANTONYMS: (adj) free, uninterested, unconfined, liberated, emancipated, disillusioned; (n) guard, captor card: (n) calling card, board, bill of fare, ticket, label, postal, identity card, menu, notice, placard, visiting card cards: (n) baccarat, boodle, card, rum, poker, cribbage, rummy, Newmarket, pinocle, pinochle, penuchle care: (adj, n, v) anxiety; (n, v) attention, charge, worry; (n) caution, bother, concern, apprehension, aid, custody; (v) attend. ANTONYMS: (n) carelessness, recklessness, thoughtlessness, rashness, negligence, vagueness, unconcern; (n, v) disregard, dislike; (v) loathe,

95 abhor carefully: (adv) scrupulously, thoroughly, deliberately, charily, warily, watchfully, prudently, painstakingly, guardedly, thriftily, meticulously. ANTONYMS: (adv) hastily, recklessly, rashly, inaccurately, unhelpfully, incautiously, indifferently, thoughtlessly, abstractedly, clumsily, unwisely carelessly: (adv) incautiously, hastily, recklessly, heedlessly, casually, sloppily, imprudently, inconsiderately, rashly, negligently, unwarily. ANTONYMS: (adv) thoroughly, diligently, carefully, warily, laboriously, thoughtfully, attentively, daintily, methodically, discreetly, economically caressing: (adj) caressive, soft; (n) petting, foreplay, stimulation, dalliance, smooching, snuggling, arousal, hugging, cuddling carriage: (n) attitude, conveyance, cab, air, walk, position, mien, shipping; (n, v) transport, behavior, port carriages: (n) carriage carry: (v) convey, bring, take, conduct, acquit, behave, accept, transport, comport, hold, pack. ANTONYMS: (v) withhold, lose, censor, fail, hold, conceal carrying: (n) transport, conveyance, carriage, transportation, haulage, hauling, shipping; (adj) bearing, gerent; (v) convey, bring case: (n) example, box, bin, cover, jacket, shell, bag, affair, briefcase, business; (adj, n) eccentric cases: (n) brass tacks, baggage, luggage, caseload, suitcases cast: (n, v) throw, stamp, form, fling, shape, figure; (v) shed, pitch, chuck; (n) casting, appearance. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, receive, subtract, reject, take, gather, catch, retain, keep catch: (n, v) capture, hook, haul, hitch, trick, grab, snatch; (v) get, apprehend, intercept; (n) pawl. ANTONYMS: (n, v) release; (v) misunderstand, unhitch, mistake, Miss, misinterpret, free, give, lose; (n) advantage, boon catching: (adj) communicable, infectious, epidemic, gripping, transferable, zymotic; (n) discovery, take, playing, uncovering, getting. ANTONYM: (adj) noncommunicable

96 cattle: (n) stock, cows, neat, bull, beef, bovine, livestock, ox, kine, cow, oxen caught: (adj) fixed, guilty, accomplished, wedged, trapped, interested, exposed, defenseless, culpable; (v) seize, get. ANTONYM: (adj) loose cave: (n) lair, hole, grotto, hollow, cove, den, cell, grot, nest; (v) undermine, calve. ANTONYMS: (n) hump; (v) withstand cavil: (v) carp, split hairs, equivocate, quarrel, protest, repudiate, nitpick, knock, reproach; (adj) refine; (n) censoriousness cease: (n, v) end, finish, stop; (v) quit, terminate, break, break off, close, conclude, discontinue, abstain. ANTONYMS: (v) begin, start, commence, persist, stay ceased: (adj) finished ceaselessly: (adv) incessantly, perpetually, unceasingly, eternally, unremittingly, continuously, constantly, everlastingly, continually, unendingly, uninterruptedly. ANTONYMS: (adv) temporarily, briefly celebrated: (adj) renowned, famous, distinguished, notable, noted, splendid, well-known, known, famed, eminent; (adj, n) glorious. ANTONYMS: (adj) minor, unexalted, ordinary, obscure, undistinguished, inglorious, insignificant celebrity: (n) fame, notable, luminary, star, distinction, notoriety, notability, personality, bigwig, magnate, glory. ANTONYMS: (n) obscurity, oblivion, unknown, infamy centre: (n) core, middle, navel, midpoint, heart, waist, hub, centering; (v) concentrate, focus, centralize certainly: (adv) assuredly, definitely, positively, clearly, necessarily, undoubtedly, actually, securely, confidently, absolutely; (adj, adv) really. ANTONYMS: (adv) doubtfully, possibly, equivocally, perhaps chair: (n, v) chairman; (n) bench, president, chairperson, throne, couch, armchair, electric chair, chairwoman; (v) moderate, lead chairs: (n) seats challenge: (n, v) defy, dare, brave; (n) defiance, protest, contest; (v) dispute, ask, provoke, impeach,

The Sea-Gull demur. ANTONYMS: (v) obey, answer, avoid, prove, accept, bolster, stifle, correspond; (n) yield, pushover, acquiesce chances: (n) probability, odds, opportunities, possibility, state, circumstances change: (n, v) shift, barter, twist, cash; (v) alter, alternate, adapt, convert; (n) alteration, modification, variation. ANTONYMS: (v) leave, maintain, idle, hold, establish, standardize; (n) stability, bills, constancy, preservation, uniformity changed: (adj) transformed, varied, switched, change, transform, converted, distorted, affected, changeling, disguised, inverse. ANTONYM: (adj) unchanged chaos: (n) disarray, jumble, maze, mess, muddle, clutter, uproar, disorder, bedlam, pandemonium, mix-up. ANTONYMS: (n) peace, orderliness, regulation, regularity, organization, tranquility, serenity, neatness, calm chap: (n) fellow, blighter, guy, crevice, cranny, crack, lad, man, scissure, beau, chink chapter: (n) volume, branch, department, part, convocation, section, stage, head, article, caput, installment character: (n) type, part, note, role, brand, spirit, disposition; (adj, n) nature, kind, eccentric, constitution. ANTONYMS: (n) deceit, dishonor, corruption, body characters: (n) letters, typescript, typeset, symbols, script, lettering, inscription, handwriting, font, cast, writing chariot: (n) car, wagon, carriage, waggon, vehicle, wain, equipage, char charmed: (adj) enchanted, delighted, fascinated, spellbound, entranced, captive, beguiled, infatuated, absorbed, enamored, captive hours cheeks: (n) Gemini, twins, couple, posterior, pair, deuce, two, duet cheer: (v) animate, applaud, amuse, hearten, inspire, lighten; (n, v) comfort, delight, cry; (adj, v) embolden; (n) consolation. ANTONYMS: (n) sadness, boo, uncheerfulness, hiss, pessimism, raspberry; (v) depress, discourage, dissuade, complain, jeer chickens: (n) Galliformes, order Galliformes chief: (adj, n) principal, head,

cardinal, capital, arch, essential, paramount; (n) administrator, boss, executive, leader. ANTONYMS: (adj) associate, secondary, junior, smallest, inessential, unimportant, least, trivial; (n) subordinate, underling, inferior child: (n) baby, babe, bairn, infant, kid, toddler, tot, girl, brat, juvenile, minor. ANTONYMS: (n) ancestor, parent children: (n) child, offspring, descendant, family, seed, boy, babies, descendants, birth, relatives, people chilled: (adj) frozen, freezing, cool, refrigerated, icy, inhibited, restrained, confined, shivering, iced, stiff chimney: (n) fireplace, smokestack, shaft, flue, hearth, vent, lamp chimney, chimneys, nostril, throat, weasand choose: (v) adopt, elect, select, pick, prefer, take, appoint, assign, decide, excerpt; (n) picking. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, waver, decline, forgo, spurn, dislike, elect chose: (v) choose, opt, decide; (n) thing chosen: (adj, n) elect; (adj) preferred, select, favored, named; (adj, v) designate, desired, designated; (n) deary, ducky, dearie. ANTONYMS: (adj) ignored, involuntary church: (n) cathedral, abbey, chapel, meetinghouse, denomination, minster, place of worship, kirk, Fane, Christian church, Christianity cigar: (n) cheroot, cigars, smoke, cigarette, corona, panatela, panetella, segar, cigarillo cigarette: (adj) cigar; (n) tobacco, fag, butt, can, coffin nail, cubeb, scroll, buttocks, reefer, butt joint cigars: (n) cigar circumstances: (n) state, position, condition, circumstance, case, state of affairs, status, predicament, plight, environment, fortune citizen: (n) national, inhabitant, denizen, resident, burgher, the people, subject, freeman, native, nationality, voter. ANTONYMS: (n) foreigner, immigrant, tourist, alien, stranger city: (adj) municipal, urban, civic, public; (n) borough, the City, burgh, village, metropolis, municipality, state. ANTONYMS: (adj) suburban, country, private claret: (v) cider, Brazil tea, ice water;

Anton Chekhov (n) blood, red wine, Bordeaux, red; (adj) dark red, burgundy, cherry, crimson clear: (adj) clean, certain, distinct; (adj, v) acquit, absolute, free, net, absolve, empty; (adj, n) open; (v) exculpate. ANTONYMS: (adj) opaque, cloudy, incomprehensible, uncertain, dark, hazy, vague, fuzzy, obscure, confused, puzzling clearly: (adv) distinctly, apparently, evidently, openly, decidedly, explicitly, definitely, certainly, absolutely, obviously, plainly. ANTONYMS: (adv) vaguely, indistinctly, unclearly, blurrily, imperceptibly, obscurely, softly, doubtfully, imperfectly, unconvincingly, unintelligibly clever: (adj) capable, acute, intelligent, able, apt, expert, skillful, cunning, sharp; (adj, v) brilliant, smart. ANTONYMS: (adj) clumsy, unintelligent, dim, dull, inept, thick, naive, idiotic, moronic, incompetent, open cloak: (n, v) veil, mask, camouflage, wrap, masquerade, screen, pall; (n) cape; (v) conceal, dissemble, hide. ANTONYMS: (v) reveal, uncloak, unmask; (n, v) uncover closed: (v) close, tight; (adj) blind, finished, blocked, shut, congested, enclosed, folded, fastened, not open. ANTONYMS: (adj) beginning, running, started, starting, welcoming, continuing closely: (adv) nearly, narrowly, intimately, strictly, exactly, thickly, firmly, securely, confidentially, solidly, familiarly. ANTONYMS: (adv) loosely, thoughtlessly, heedlessly, carelessly, approximately, inconveniently, sparsely, casually, lightly, inaccurately clothes: (n) apparel, clothing, dress, garb, wardrobe, vestment, garment, cloth, thing, gown, wear cloud: (n, v) mist, blur; (v) becloud, obscure, eclipse, blacken, taint, befog, overshadow; (adj, n) swarm; (n) haze. ANTONYMS: (v) clear, refine, accentuate, illuminate, explain, clarify, unveil clouds: (n) exhaust, fumes, gas, smoke, vapors clumsy: (adj) bumbling, bungling, cumbersome, unwieldy, rude, inept, inapt, maladroit, gawky, unskilled, wooden. ANTONYMS: (adj) graceful, dexterous, clever, skillful,

deft, adroit, elegant, coordinated, expert, athletic, agile coat: (v) cloak, blanket; (n, v) sheath, plaster; (n) coating, fur, film, crust, jacket, layer, bark. ANTONYMS: (v) reveal, expose coffee: (n) Java, cafe, coffee tree, coffee bean, cocoa, burnt umber, chicory, espresso, tea; (adj, n) brown, chocolate cold: (n) chilliness, chill; (adj) chilly, frigid, distant, indifferent, aloof, callous, icy, apathetic, impassive. ANTONYMS: (adj) warm, friendly, hot, prepared, burning, affectionate, loving, soporific, fervid; (n) heat, warmth collar: (n, v) arrest, catch, capture, pinch; (n) choker, ruff, lapel; (v) apprehend, nail, grab, clutch. ANTONYMS: (v) free, release college: (adj, n) school; (n) academy, Alma mater, association, institute, society, institution, university, academe; (adj) collegiate, academic colour: (n) coloration, coloring, colors, semblance, vividness, pretext, pretence, colouring, guise; (v) redden, discolor. ANTONYMS: (n) colorlessness; (v) discolor comedian: (n) clown, buffoon, comic, actor, joker, performer, jester, entertainer, zany, comedians, jokester comedy: (n) play, humor, drollery, show, clowning, drama, wittiness, slapstick, jesting, interlude, hilarity. ANTONYMS: (n) melodrama, seriousness, solemnity comfortable: (adj, v) easy, snug; (adj) pleased, pleasing, prosperous, agreeable, pleasurable, congenial, rich, enjoyable, homely. ANTONYMS: (adj) poor, tense, formal, unpleasant, unhappy, unaccustomed, intimidating, difficult, anxious, broke, destitute coming: (n) advent, approach, appearance, arrival, return; (adj, n) approaching; (adj) forthcoming, imminent, future, impending; (adj, v) instant. ANTONYMS: (n) departure, exit, leaving, departing; (adj) distant, retreating, past commanded: (adj) lawful commence: (v) begin, start, open, initiate, embark, institute, introduce, launch, arise, inaugurate, enter. ANTONYMS: (v) finish, stop, terminate, complete, remain, relinquish committed: (adj) engaged, dedicated,

97 firm, devoted, involved, connected, loyal, constant, linked, vigorous; (v) compromised. ANTONYMS: (adj) unattached, passive, casual, flippant, uncaring, halfhearted common: (adj) coarse, mutual, vulgar, mean, mediocre, ignoble, plebeian, base; (adj, n) cheap, habitual; (adj, n, v) usual. ANTONYMS: (adj) uncommon, rare, unusual, characteristic, specific, unique, extraordinary, exclusive, aristocratic, infrequent, refined commonplace: (adj, v) trite, hackneyed; (adj) banal, ordinary, humdrum, common, average, plain, mundane, dull; (n) platitude. ANTONYMS: (adj) extraordinary, unusual, exceptional, infrequent, rare, romantic, uncommon, weird; (n) deepness, profundity, profoundness company: (adj, n) society, business; (n) band, association, collection, cohort, brigade, troop, club, partnership; (v) accompany. ANTONYMS: (n) isolation, enmity, host, hostess, absence competency: (n) competence, capability, ability, fitness, proficiency, faculty, power, expertise, eligibility, efficiency, skill. ANTONYM: (n) incompetence completing: (adj) complementary, complemental, final, unessential, definitive, consummative; (n) finishing, carrying out, implementation compliments: (n) respects, commendation, wish, greetings, salutation, respect, applause, flattery, acclamation, regards, approbation compose: (v) build, compile, write, weave; (adj, v) appease, tranquilize, allay, lull; (n, v) calm, constitute, settle. ANTONYMS: (v) destroy, ruin, unsettle, annihilate, discompose, demolish, disturb, fluster concealment: (n) suppression, confidentiality, concealing, secrecy, screen, disguise, hiding, privacy, camouflage, blind, covering. ANTONYMS: (n) discovery, disclosure, exposure, expression, openness, uncovering, revelation conclusion: (n) end, close, result, termination, sequel, completion, cessation, dissolution, finish, finale; (n, v) closing. ANTONYMS: (n) beginning, opening, preface,

98 inauguration, foreword, launch, commencement, head condemn: (v) censure, reproach, castigate, attaint, deplore, sentence, excoriate, upbraid, knock, doom, criticize. ANTONYMS: (v) praise, approve, commend, free, pardon, absolve, acquit, clear, exonerate, release, support condemned: (adj) censured, convicted, doomed, destined, appropriated, taken, taken over, fated, seized, predestined; (adj, v) guilty confess: (adj, v) own, allow, admit, avow; (v) concede, profess, recognize, divulge, disclose, reveal, receive. ANTONYMS: (v) suppress, hide, dispute, conceal, repress, harbor connected: (adj, v) related; (adj) attached, allied, affiliated, coherent, linked, committed, conjoint, combined, relevant, consecutive. ANTONYMS: (adj) unrelated, separate, unimportant, disjoined, unaffiliated, disconnected, unattached, irrelevant conscience: (n) moral sense, Conscience money, sense of right and wrong, scruple, intention, tender conscience, small voice, principles, morals, morality, inward monitor. ANTONYM: (n) indifference consciousness: (n) feeling, sense, conscience, cognizance, mind, notion, knowledge, sensibility, feel, Consciousness of kind, self. ANTONYMS: (n) ignorance, oblivion, certainty, numbness consist: (n, v) be; (adj, v) lie; (v) belong, fit, comprise, lie in, reside, exist, make up; (adj, n) abide; (n) agree consolation: (n) comfort, relief, balm, succor, ease, cheer, solacement, encouragement, sympathy, alleviation, express sympathy. ANTONYMS: (n) grief, sorrow, distress, discouragement, aggravation constant: (adj) ceaseless, perpetual, continual, faithful, changeless, steadfast, eternal, uninterrupted, continuous; (adj, n) steady, invariable. ANTONYMS: (adj) irregular, intermittent, changeable, variable, inconstant, erratic, episodic, fickle, temporary, disloyal, inconsistent constantine: (n) Constantine the

The Sea-Gull great, Constantine I consuming: (adj) blazing, overwhelming, burning, absorbing, corrosive; (v) grating, searching, grinding, racking; (n) consumption, wasting contented: (adj) content, happy, comfortable, quiet, cheerful, smug, complacent, satisfied, easy, proud, delighted. ANTONYMS: (adj) discontented, unhappy, depressed, unsatisfied, sad, anxious continual: (adj, adv) constant; (adj) ceaseless, incessant, endless, continuous, frequent, everlasting, uninterrupted, perpetual, unrelenting, perennial. ANTONYMS: (adj) sporadic, temporary, occasional, finite, inconstant, infrequent, ending, ceasing, halting, rare, acute continually: (adv) perpetually, ceaselessly, incessantly, endlessly, unceasingly, continuously, persistently, eternally, steadily, frequently; (adj, adv) always. ANTONYMS: (adv) acutely, infrequently, spasmodically, sporadically continue: (v) remain, keep, sustain, carry on, endure, persevere, bide, proceed, maintain; (adj, v) prolong; (n, v) hold. ANTONYMS: (v) end, cease, discontinue, halt, renounce, hesitate, complete, fail, desist, finish, neglect control: (n, v) command, curb, check, bridle, handle, sway, hold, influence, conduct; (adj, n) authority; (n) care. ANTONYMS: (n) weakness, unrestraint, expression, excess; (v) share, intensify, rush, risk, resign, relinquish, forsake controlled: (adj) limited, restrained, restricted, temperate, subdued, inhibited, deliberate, illicit, illegal, graceful, forced. ANTONYMS: (adj) spontaneous, uncontrolled, intemperate, involuntary, unscientific, demonstrative, natural, open, pervasive, public convention: (n) congress, meeting, contract, council, custom, convocation, assembly, tradition, practice, habit, assemblage. ANTONYMS: (n) informality, innovation conversation: (n) talk, conference, communication, colloquy, confabulation, discussion, language, discourse, speech, talking, palaver converted: (adj) consecrated,

unearthly, changed, altered, justified, invert, persuaded, inspired, reborn, reformed, regenerate conviction: (n) belief, confidence, certainty, condemnation, persuasion, faith, trust, certitude, firmness, doctrine, determination. ANTONYMS: (n) acquittal, doubt, release, absolution, disbelief, justification, insecurity, distrust cook: (v) boil, prepare, brew, bake, make, stew, simmer, grill, falsify, concoct; (n) chef cork: (n, v) plug; (n) bung, stopper, phellem, bobber, bob, bobfloat; (v) cap, stop, close; (adj) cobweb corn: (n) clavus, cereals, Zea Mays, callus, wheat, Indian corn, callosity, grain; (v) feed, keep; (adj, n) commonplace corner: (n) bend, angle, nook, dilemma, recess, hole, coign, predicament, niche; (n, v) turn; (adj) angular. ANTONYMS: (v) free; (n) solution cost: (n, v) price; (n) charge, amount, expense, toll, expenditure, payment, disbursement, worth, damage, fee coughing: (n) coughs, breathing out councillor: (n) adviser, councilman, council member, councilor, member countless: (adj) innumerable, multitudinous, many, endless, myriad, measureless, uncounted, legion, untold, infinite, incalculable. ANTONYMS: (adj) finite, limited, numbered, counted, countable, small country: (n) nation, home, land, place, area, territory, commonwealth, soil, kingdom, realm; (adj) rustic. ANTONYMS: (adj) urban, metropolitan; (adj, n) city; (n) metropolis couple: (v) connect, associate, combine, attach, copulate, join, tie, mate; (adj, n) brace; (n, v) yoke; (n) duo. ANTONYMS: (v) separate, unhook, detach, disconnect, divide, unbuckle, undo; (n) individual, single courage: (n) audacity, fortitude, boldness, nerve, spirit, backbone, valor, heroism, gallantry, mettle, chivalry. ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, faintheartedness, weakness, wimpiness, yellowness courageous: (adj, n) bold; (adj) audacious, fearless, valiant, gallant, intrepid, spirited, heroic, undaunted, manly, confident.

Anton Chekhov ANTONYMS: (adj) timid, wimpy, weak, spineless, pusillanimous, fearful, fainthearted, afraid, despicable course: (n, v) stream, flow; (n) bearing, route, career, track, path, road, channel; (adj, n) current; (v) chase. ANTONYM: (v) trickle court: (n) forum, bar, close, field, tribunal, passage, judicatory, judge; (v) romance, attract; (n, v) invite. ANTONYMS: (v) shun, reject, ignore, spurn, disregard, discourage coward: (n) cur, pantywaist, sneak, dastard, milksop, weakling, milquetoast; (adj) gutless, chickenhearted, pusillanimous, chicken-hearted. ANTONYMS: (n) daredevil, stalwart; (adj) brave cows: (n) cattle, cow, bull, ox, oxen, Bos Taurus, bullock, beef, Cowes, steer, milker crazy: (adj) wild, mad, brainsick, absurd, eccentric, silly, wacky, cracked, crazed, demented; (adj, n) madcap. ANTONYMS: (adj) sensible, sane, rational, indifferent, stable, reasonable, realistic, balanced, levelheaded, cool, calm created: (adj) create, composed, shaped, produced, wrought, legendary, mythical, fictitious, bent, romantic, fashioned creation: (n) world, production, invention, composition, conception, fabrication, foundation, formation, founding, piece, creature. ANTONYMS: (n) end, annihilation creature: (n) being, brute, animal, tool, individual, person, body, entity, human, puppet, somebody crime: (n, v) guilt, blame; (n) injustice, transgression, villainy, evil, vice, delinquency, misdemeanor, wickedness, sin. ANTONYMS: (n) goodness, kindness, virtue, uprightness criticise: (v) comment, criminate, chide, berate, reprehend, knock, reprove, denounce, deplore, criticize; (adj) judge crop: (adj, v) clip, reap, shave; (v) browse, top, graze, cultivate, cut; (n, v) fruit, harvest; (n) craw cross: (adj) crabby, angry, grumpy, grouchy, cantankerous; (v) intersect, cover, thwart, baffle; (adj, v) traverse; (n) crisscross. ANTONYMS: (adj) calm, cheerful, happy; (v) uncross, assist, separate, remain, help, stay, unmix, aid crowd: (n, v) huddle, flock, swarm,

press, squeeze, cluster, mob; (n) crew, collection, circle, army. ANTONYMS: (v) disperse, empty, retreat, scatter, desert; (n) dispersal, scattering, trickle, few crude: (adj, v) raw; (adj) clumsy, rough, rude, barbarous, uncouth, primitive, vulgar, immature, barbarian, impolite. ANTONYMS: (adj) sophisticated, tasteful, cultured, permanent, polished, finished, formal, civilized, fine, clean, decent cruel: (adj, v) hard, harsh, sharp, severe; (adj) barbarous, unkind, brutal, bloody, bitter, savage, atrocious. ANTONYMS: (adj) merciful, gentle, sympathetic, humane, liberal, compassionate, charitable, friendly, caring, considerate, libertarian crush: (n, v) squeeze, crunch, press; (v) beat, break, compress, conquer, stamp, overpower, squash, bruise. ANTONYMS: (v) lose, congratulate, stretch, praise, inspirit, encourage, compliment, expand, resist, submit, smooth crying: (adj, v) exigent, instant, pressing, urgent; (adj) insistent, clamant, imperative, blatant; (n) weeping; (v) weep; (adj, n) sniveling cupboard: (n) cabinet, buffet, armoire, commode, wardrobe, locker, dresser, sideboard, chest of drawers, bookcase, storeroom cure: (n, v) correct, medicine, help; (n) antidote, salve, therapy, treatment; (v) treat, pickle, preserve, restore. ANTONYMS: (n) poison; (v) injure, hurt, harm, wound, damage, exacerbate curiosity: (n) curiousness, rarity, interest, curio, oddity, prying, nosiness, peculiarity, novelty, marvel; (adj, n) prodigy. ANTONYMS: (n) emotionlessness, indifference, disinterest curious: (adj) odd, unusual, abnormal, strange, peculiar, interested, quizzical, quaint, queer, inquiring, inquisitive. ANTONYMS: (adj) incurious, ordinary, apathetic, uninterested, unconcerned, typical, indifferent, everyday, disinterested, conventional, common cursed: (adj) damned, doomed, execrable, cussed, wretched, unlucky, accursed, blamed, blasted, confounded; (v) accurst. ANTONYMS: (adj) commendable, honorable, nice, sweet, kine

99 curtain: (n, v) cover; (n) barrier, drapery, blind, screen, mantle, mask, shade, pall, shroud; (v) hide dagger: (n) bodkin, sword, blade, obelisk, knife, stiletto, dirk, cutlass, grapheme, saber, skean dame: (n) lady, female, queen, girl, gentlewoman, wench, skirt, matron, madam, ma'am, woman damp: (adj) moist, muggy, clammy, cool, dank; (v) check, chill, deaden, break; (n) moisture, dampness. ANTONYMS: (n) dryness; (adj) parched, arid, dried, fresh, hard dangerous: (adj, n) critical; (adj) severe, serious, grave, adventurous, unhealthy, precarious, hazardous, perilous, threatening, chancy. ANTONYMS: (adj) stable, secure, protected, unhazardous, slight, weak, harmless, friendly, favorable, calm, pleasant dangerously: (adv) hazardously, precariously, unsafely, riskily, seriously, insecurely, harmfully, parlously, severely, fatally; (adj, adv) gravely. ANTONYMS: (adv) safely, securely, carefully, slightly dark: (adj) dismal, black, cheerless, obscure, dim, mysterious, murky, gloomy; (n) evening, night, shadow. ANTONYMS: (adj) bright, sunny, fair, sunlit, clear, pallid, pale, cheerful, white, versed; (n) day darkly: (adv) murkily, dimly, obscurely, duskily, somberly, shadily, mistily, secretly, dismally, heavily, overcastly. ANTONYM: (adv) openly darling: (adj, n) beloved, pet, favorite, sweet; (adj) costly, cute, pretty; (adj, v) precious; (n) love, deary, angel. ANTONYMS: (n) foe, rival daughter: (n) child, son, maiden, young woman, daughterly, lass, unmarried woman, damsel, miss, missy, virgin dawn: (adj, n) break of day, daybreak; (n) beginning, commencement, cockcrow, onset, morning, prime, aurora; (v) break, begin. ANTONYMS: (n) twilight, sunset, nightfall, close, departure, demise, conclusion, ending; (n, v) end, finish; (v) set days: (n) period, life, time, age, existence, generation, years, being, era, living, lifetime dazed: (adj) bewildered, stunned, dumbfounded, muzzy, stupefied, dizzy, stupid, groggy, amazed, astounded, bleary. ANTONYMS:

100 (adj) indifferent, unimpressed, conscious dazzling: (adj) brilliant, blinding, splendid, glaring, vivid, stunning, dazzlingly, striking, sparkling, fulgent, resplendent. ANTONYMS: (adj) dim, ugly, uninspired, unremarkable, unexceptional, gradual, abysmal, humdrum, dark dead: (adj) lifeless, defunct, cold, inanimate, idle, gone, fallen, numb, deceased, vapid; (adv) right. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) living; (adj) alive, animate, live, spirited, responsive, working, partial, operative; (adv) partly, partially deaden: (n, v) dampen, blunt, benumb, stun, obtund; (adj, n, v) damp; (v) muffle, mute, cushion; (adj, v) quell; (adj) allay. ANTONYMS: (v) accentuate, amplify, enliven, heighten, strengthen, build, invigorate, increase deal: (v) administer, allot, conduct, truck, distribute, apportion; (n, v) buy, trade, contract; (n) agreement, arrangement. ANTONYMS: (n) purchase; (v) misdirect, receive, neglect, mishandle, mismanage, take, ignore, hold, gather, disregard dear: (adj, adv) close, near; (adj, n) darling; (adj) costly, expensive, lovely, precious, affectionate, adorable, cherished; (n) love. ANTONYMS: (adj) worthless, inexpensive, valueless, despised, modest, loathed, hateful, distant; (n) rival, foe, enemy dearest: (n) dear, darling, love, honey, lover, sweetheart, loved one, baby; (adj) precious, intimate, sweet dearie: (n) deary, chosen, lover, pet, mollycoddle, favorite, ducky, Darling River, favourite dearly: (adv) affectionately, preciously, darlingly, sweetly, petly, expensively, belovedly, intimately, highly, heartfeltly, lovely death: (n) expiration, end, close, exit, fate, mortality, departure, cessation, decease, dissolution; (adj) quietus. ANTONYMS: (n) existence, delivery, living, nascency, being, survival, life, beginning debut: (n) introduction, initiation, beginning, aim, adventure, coup d'essai, embarcation, incoming, Le premier pas, opening, premiere. ANTONYMS: (n) farewell, finale, retirement decadent: (adj) effete, decaying,

The Sea-Gull debased, wanton, depraved, dissipated, morally wrong, dishonest, selfish, dissolute, perverted. ANTONYMS: (adj) parsimonious, restrained, benevolent, good, humble, kind, righteous, innocent, abstemious decent: (adj) adequate, appropriate, becoming, decorous, sufficient, honest, acceptable, modest, seemly, comely; (adj, adv) right. ANTONYMS: (adj) immoral, inappropriate, disreputable, indecent, unsuitable, inadequate, filthy, undressed, unkind, smutty, selfish deception: (n, v) cheat; (n) illusion, trick, pretense, delusion, betrayal, fake, flam, bluff, gammon, cheating. ANTONYMS: (n) honesty, candidness, sincerity, openness, correction, integrity, genuine, truthfulness decided: (adj, v) decisive, absolute, unmistakable, distinct, clear, positive, unequivocal, emphatic; (adj) determined, resolute, conclusive. ANTONYMS: (adj) uncertain, hesitant, unsure, questionable, indefinite, postponing, doubtful, unresolved, vague, flippant, indecisive decidedly: (adv) clearly, positively, definitely, absolutely, emphatically, decisively, resolutely, firmly, markedly, surely, determinedly. ANTONYMS: (adv) uncertainly, equivocally, slightly, vaguely decision: (n) conclusion, determination, verdict, sentence, arbitration, ruling, choice, will, constancy; (n, v) judgment, award. ANTONYMS: (n) indecision, indecisiveness, tie, changeableness, indetermination, stalemate, standoff, deadlock, draw, coercion decline: (n, v) wane, fall, dip, decrease, ebb; (v) reject, refuse, fail; (adj, n, v) drop; (adj, v) sink; (n) declension. ANTONYMS: (n, v) increase; (v) accept, flourish, improve; (n) improvement, recovery, development, growth, rebirth, ascent, upturn deep: (adj) thick, profound, strong, rich, broad, sound, absorbed, wide, abstruse, dark; (adj, v) intense. ANTONYMS: (adj) superficial, high, weak, soft, light, open, frivolous, lightweight, narrow, straightforward, simple deeply: (adv) strongly, heavily,

intensely, deep, thickly, highly, soundly, greatly, gravely, extremely, richly. ANTONYMS: (adv) slightly, mildly, unemotionally, fitfully, moderately, thinly, hardly, barely, lightly definite: (adj) certain, clear, distinct, concrete, plain, conclusive, specific, precise, categorical, decisive; (adj, v) absolute. ANTONYMS: (adj) imprecise, unclear, vague, undefined, doubtful, indeterminate, qualified, evasive, indefinite, indescribable, dubious degrees: (n) degree, temperature, compass rose, cardinal points deign: (v) lower oneself, vouchsafe, stoop, descend, lower, grant, move, stoop to, allow, fall, come from delighted: (adj) glad, cheerful, blissful, jubilant, happy, overjoyed, joyful, captivated, pleasant; (adj, v) pleased, elated. ANTONYMS: (adj) shocked, unhappy, sorrowful, depressed, melancholy, miserable, desolate, sorry, sad, down delightful: (adj) delicious, delectable, charming, pleasing, grateful, blissful, amiable, adorable, lovely, nice, gorgeous. ANTONYMS: (adj) unpleasant, unwelcome, hateful, miserable, unhappy, unappealing, horrific, horrible, disagreeable, depressing, annoying delirium: (n) craze, insanity, mania, disturbance, fever, ecstasy, derangement; (adj, n) fury; (adj) furor, rage, distraction. ANTONYMS: (n) indifference, dejection delivery: (n, v) birth, address; (n) consignment, discharge, rescue, surrender, distribution, elocution, issue, communication, deliverance. ANTONYMS: (n) dispatch, collection, holding, keeping, capture demand: (v) ask, require, ask for, beg; (n, v) need, request, command, appeal, requisition, sale; (n) requirement. ANTONYMS: (v) grant, offer, obviate, give, eliminate, cede, beg, present, request; (n) response, plea demonstrate: (v) authenticate, present, establish, exhibit, attest, show, argue, denote, explain, manifest; (adj, v) display. ANTONYMS: (v) conceal, mask, hide, distort, disguise, confute, approve, misrepresent, accept, confuse dense: (adj, v) compact, close; (adj)

Anton Chekhov thick, crowded, deep, heavy, stupid, impenetrable, solid, crass, dim. ANTONYMS: (adj) insightful, bright, loose, sparse, simple, readable, clever, intelligent, sharp, thin, alert department: (n) compartment, area, class, agency, section, faculty, realm, arm, part, office, line departure: (n, v) decease, demise; (n) exit, leave, deviation, divergence, depart, parting, aberration, passing, takeoff. ANTONYMS: (n) appearance, conformity, greeting, ingress, influx, homecoming, regularity, entrance, birth, coming, advance depend: (adj, v) hang; (v) dangle, count, rely, stay, reckon, confide, suspend, calculate, attend, pivot. ANTONYM: (v) distrust dependent: (adj) subordinate, subject, conditional, contingent, addicted, tributary; (n) charge, adjective, attendant, follower, slave. ANTONYMS: (adj) strong, free, autonomous, capable depressed: (adj) low, blue, dejected, sad, dispirited, downhearted, downcast, down, gloomy, hollow, disappointed. ANTONYMS: (adj) cheerful, happy, convex, booming, elated, encouraged, euphoric, exhilarated, flourishing, optimistic, prospering depressing: (adj) sad, gloomy, dark, dismal, oppressive, desolate, blue, bleak, grim, dreary, chill. ANTONYMS: (adj) inspiring, heartening, cheery, bright, exhilarating, uplifting, cheering, happy, encouraging, hopeful, constructive depths: (n) bottom, abyss, depth, lowest point, low point, depression, bowels, rock bottom, slump, midst, nadir. ANTONYM: (n) peak descend: (v) settle, condescend, down, drop, deign, subside, go down, dismount, derive, get off, come down. ANTONYMS: (v) ascend, climb, float, scale, increase, level, mount describe: (v) represent, report, delineate, state, depict, outline, relate, draw, qualify, designate, name description: (n) account, type, picture, depiction, explanation, brand, delineation, story, recital, report; (adj, n) kind descriptions: (n) images

desert: (adj, n, v) waste; (v) escape, forsake, relinquish, ditch, defect, leave; (adj, v) desolate; (adj, n) worth, merit; (adj) barren. ANTONYMS: (v) stay, support, remain, inhabit, assist, aid, help, keep; (adj) cultivated, productive, fertile deserted: (adj) desert, solitary, empty, lonely, isolated, forsaken, lonesome, desolate, bleak, vacant; (adj, v) forlorn. ANTONYMS: (adj) occupied, packed, crowded, mobbed, populated, populous, overcrowded desire: (n) ambition, aspiration, craving, dream; (adv, n, v) will; (n, v) fancy, wish, aim; (v) want, aspire, seek. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dislike, hate; (n) aversion, reality, revulsion, apathy; (v) spurn, abhor, answer, command, insist desired: (adj) coveted, desirable, favorite, wanted, welcome, needed, beloved, required, most wanted; (adj, v) chosen; (v) consenting desk: (n) bench, box, coffer, table, secretary, bureau, writing desk, escritoire, caisson, caddy, case despair: (n) disappointment, desolation, dejection, melancholy, gloom, desperation, depression, dismay, discouragement, pessimism, sorrow. ANTONYMS: (n) happiness, hopefulness, expectation, joy, cheer, cheerfulness, resilience, elation, joyfulness desperately: (adv) forlornly, despairingly, hopelessly, terribly, extremely, despondently, recklessly, seriously, wretchedly; (adj, adv) severely, madly. ANTONYMS: (adv) hopefully, easily, optimistically, trivially, cheerfully, slightly, sluggishly, hardly despise: (v) disdain, loathe, depreciate, abhor, dislike, detest, slight, hate; (n, v) contemn; (n) contempt, deride. ANTONYMS: (v) respect, love, adore, appreciate, cherish, like, praise, accept despised: (adj) scorned, despicable, hated, abject, disparaged, mean, attaching disgrace, unpopular, unloved, reviled, opprobrious destined: (adj, v) bound, fated; (adj) predetermined, sure, inescapable, intended, predestined, inevitable, prepared, foreordained, appointed. ANTONYMS: (adj) unscheduled, unlikely destiny: (n) fate, chance, fortune,

101 kismet, luck, lot, destination, portion, weird, life; (n, v) doom. ANTONYMS: (n) chance, design destroy: (v) demolish, blight, despoil, subvert, dismantle, devour, wreck, devastate; (adj, v) desolate, abolish; (n, v) murder. ANTONYMS: (v) preserve, create, make, construct, protect, repair, restore, uphold, sustain, submit, revive destroyed: (adj) ruined, lost, desolate, shattered, desolated, broken, depressed, dead, damaged, undone, fallen. ANTONYMS: (adj) preserved, living deuce: (n) devil, couple, two, dyad, demon, duo, duet, Twain, Dickens, brace, craps development: (n) course, growth, progress, spread, increase, improvement, expansion, developing, result, effect; (v) develop. ANTONYMS: (n) deterioration, neglect, decline, decrease, decay, death, nondevelopment, fall, retreat, suppression, withering devote: (n, v) apply, destine, give, assign, vow; (v) consecrate, dedicate, commit, appropriate, allot; (n) devotion. ANTONYMS: (v) withhold, refuse devoted: (adj, v) addicted, ardent, fond; (adj) affectionate, constant, loyal, pious, faithful, reliable, zealous; (adj, prep) consecrated. ANTONYMS: (adj) disloyal, indifferent, unfaithful, neglectful, uncaring, unenthusiastic, unattached, lukewarm, inconstant, halfhearted, disobedient devotedly: (adv) affectionately, lovingly, zealously, faithfully, piously, fondly, religiously, passionately, enthusiastically, eagerly, dutifully. ANTONYMS: (adv) coldly, apathetically, unfaithfully, unenthusiastically, carelessly, disobediently difference: (n) conflict, disagreement, controversy, contention, distinction, discrepancy, dissimilarity, divergence, quarrel, discord; (n, v) change. ANTONYMS: (n) sameness, resemblance, correspondence, agreement, concurrence, understanding, parity, normality, likeness, accord, consistency different: (adj) dissimilar, various, assorted, unusual, alien, miscellaneous, new, fresh, discrete, diverse; (v) differ. ANTONYMS:

102 (adj) identical, corresponding, equal, like, typical, same, conventional, familiar, unified, uniform, Standard differently: (adv) variously, otherwise, divergently, dissimilarly, disparately, distinctly, unlikely, contrarily, individually, unusually, oppositely. ANTONYMS: (adv) alike, correspondingly difficult: (adj) awkward, demanding, burdensome, complicated, uphill, knotty, fastidious, hard, delicate, finicky, intricate. ANTONYMS: (adj) simple, straightforward, rewarding, clear, accommodating, amenable, easygoing, manageable, uncomplicated, satisfying, undemanding dimly: (adv) obscurely, darkly, faintly, dully, duskily, vaguely, shadowily, hazily, gloomily, somberly; (adj, adv) palely. ANTONYMS: (adv) clearly, strongly, distinctly dining-room: (n) canteen, restaurant dinner: (n) banquet, lunch, dinner party, meal, party, beanfeast, spread; (v) tiffin, dejeuner, bever; (adj) dinnerly direct: (v) aim, address, charge, dictate, head; (n, v) channel, command, control; (adj, adv) straight; (adj, v) level; (adj) immediate. ANTONYMS: (adj) roundabout, circuitous, oblique, sideways, unplanned, devious, dishonest; (v) request, follow, divert, get direction: (n, v) conduct, charge, management; (n) bearing, guidance, command, course, instruction, rule, control, address disagreeable: (adj) nasty, offensive, uncomfortable, distasteful, cantankerous, cross, ungrateful, abhorrent, horrible, bad, painful. ANTONYMS: (adj) pleasant, friendly, amiable, inoffensive, acceptable, desirable, easygoing, happy, pleasing, sweet, nice discontented: (adj, v) querulous, complaining; (adj) disaffected, disgruntled, malcontent, unsatisfied, dissatisfied, displeased, miserable, put out, ungratified. ANTONYMS: (adj) pleased, satisfied, happy, content discouraged: (adj) despondent, downhearted, downcast, demoralized, dejected, dispirited, disheartened, frustrated, crestfallen, pessimistic, depressed.

The Sea-Gull ANTONYMS: (adj) uplifted, heartened, cheered, inspired, cheerful, encouraged, hopeful, happy, calm, positive, enthusiastic discovered: (adj) revealed, disclosed, exposed, naked, detected, determined, observed, open, unconcealed, bare. ANTONYM: (adj) concealed discuss: (v) argue, agitate, deliberate, consult, reason, mention, moot, dispute, discourse, negotiate, consider discussions: (n) contumely, blameworthy, abuse, dictated diseased: (adj) bad, ailing, sickly, unsound, sick, ill, unhealthy, pathological, infected, unwholesome, infirm. ANTONYMS: (adj) well, fit disillusionment: (n) disenchantment, disillusion, disappointment, letdown, chagrin, edification, sophistication, regret, frustration, distress, lethargy. ANTONYMS: (n) energy, gratification, satisfaction disliked: (adj) hated, detested, averse, lousy, loath, undesirable, companionless. ANTONYMS: (adj) popular, liked dismally: (adv) gloomily, sadly, unhappily, murkily, dolefully, forbiddingly, darkly, somberly, depressingly, cheerlessly, grimly. ANTONYMS: (adv) brightly, smartly disowned: (adj) unacknowledged, forsaken disposition: (n) attitude, character, disposal, tendency, predisposition, inclination, propensity, bias, arrangement, direction, aptitude dissatisfaction: (n) displeasure, disappointment, dislike, disaffection, discontent, distaste, disquiet, disapproval, regret, discontentment, discontentedness. ANTONYMS: (n) contentment, approval, gratification, enjoyment, idealism, optimism distance: (n, v) remove; (n) space, way, gap, aloofness, interval, altitude, measure, mileage; (adj, n) length; (v) dissociate. ANTONYMS: (v) associate, attach, involve; (n) proximity, nearness, intimacy, closeness, warmth, bias, lovingness distant: (adj) remote, aloof, chill, detached, far, reserved, cool, long, icy, removed; (adv) afar. ANTONYMS: (adj) close, neighboring, adjacent, friendly,

near, nearby, warm, pending, intimate, involved, alert distressed: (adj) worried, distraught, anxious, sad, disturbed, downcast, hurt, distracted, wretched, shocked, troubled. ANTONYMS: (adj) composed, content, euphoric, happy, comforted, glad, joyful, collected, unconcerned, unaffected district: (n) region, territory, jurisdiction, province, county, field; (adj, n) area, community, neighborhood; (adj) local; (n, v) zone. ANTONYM: (adj) national distrustful: (adj) suspicious, doubtful, diffident, distrust, jealous, leery, shy, apprehensive, skeptical, scrupulous, disbelieving. ANTONYMS: (adj) trusting, trustful, aggressive, assured, believing, faithful, unwary, certain, optimistic disturb: (v) trouble, disorder, disconcert, distress, perturb, disquiet, distract, discompose, disrupt, upset, concern. ANTONYMS: (v) calm, please, soothe, smooth, order, reassure, sort, settle, respect, quiet, organize divan: (n) anthology, settee, sofa, diwan, directory, Chamber of Deputies, chair, Cortes, sanhedrim, woolsack, chesterfield doctor: (v) cure, mend, repair, remedy, attend, adulterate, fix, heal; (n) doc, Dr; (adj) doctorly. ANTONYMS: (v) purify, clean, distill, harm, hurt, injure, wound dodge: (n, v) stratagem, maneuver; (v) avoid, evade, escape, elude, duck, fudge; (n) contrivance, cheat, scheme. ANTONYMS: (v) confront, encounter, meet, accept doing: (n) act, do, deed, making, performance, execution, perpetration, acting; (v) to make, to do; (adj) current. ANTONYM: (n) failure domestic: (adj, v) home; (adj) civil, native, internal, household, familiar, inland, national; (n) maid, servant; (adj, n) homely. ANTONYMS: (adj) foreign, wild, external, public, office, professional, imported, global, alien, undomestic done: (adj, adv) finished, ended; (adj) complete, completed, over, made, gone, accomplished, concluded, through, cooked. ANTONYMS: (adj) unsettled, disapproved, incomplete, rare, raw, rejected, uncooked, undone, unfulfilled, unsanctioned

Anton Chekhov don't: (adv) not; (n) taboo, prohibition doomed: (adj, v) destined, fated, undone; (adj) condemned, cursed, unlucky, unfortunate, inevitable, predetermined, ruined; (n) lost. ANTONYMS: (adj) auspicious, delivered, hopeful, redeemed, revived, saved, successful door: (n) threshold, mouth, entrance, doorway, entry, opening, access, entryway, way out, portal, hatch. ANTONYM: (n) entrance doubt: (n, v) suspicion, question, query, dispute; (n) disbelief, misgiving, incertitude, apprehension, uncertainty; (adj, n) skepticism; (v) suspect. ANTONYMS: (n) certainty, confidence, conclusiveness, belief, certitude, faith, approval; (v) accept, believe, consider, swallow drag: (v) attract, draw, lug, cart, heave, tow; (n, v) pull, puff; (adv, v) trail; (n) bother; (adj) dragging. ANTONYMS: (n) pleasure; (v) hasten, hurry, shove, speed, rush, propel, fly dragging: (n) pulled wire, stemming, haulage; (adj) slow, sickly, slack, unfit, sluggish, tardy, tedious; (v) involve. ANTONYMS: (adj) energetic, energizing, exciting, prompt, short draught: (n, v) draft, sketch, design, potation, plan; (n) dose, air current, wind, gulp, outline; (v) blueprint dread: (n, v) apprehension, fear, panic; (n) anxiety, awe, consternation, alarm, trepidation, dismay, foreboding, terror. ANTONYMS: (adj) pleasing, welcomed, pleasant; (v) welcome, want; (n) reassurance, fearlessness, confidence, security, ease, calm dreadful: (adj) bad, awful, alarming, atrocious, fearful, terrible, abominable, appalling, direful, grisly; (adj, v) dread. ANTONYMS: (adj) wonderful, great, lovely, fantastic, marvelous, admirable, successful, nice, joyous, honorable, fair dream: (n) aspiration, ambition, reverie, desire, fantasy, figment, nightmare; (n, v) vision, sleep; (v) muse, imagine. ANTONYMS: (n) alertness, nightmare dreaming: (n) reverie, ambition, nightmare, conception, castle in the air; (adj) absent-minded, asleep, visionary, vacant, wistful, rapt

dreary: (adj) depressing, drab, dull, cheerless, drear, miserable, gloomy, dark, dismal, stuffy, disconsolate. ANTONYMS: (adj) interesting, cheerful, sunny, brilliant, lively, light, exciting, clear, cheery, pleasant, exotic dress: (n, v) attire, costume, clothe, apparel, clothing, array, trim, garb, rig, cover; (n) dressing. ANTONYMS: (n, v) undress; (v) uncover, disrobe, rumple, strip, wrinkle dressed: (adj) attired, clad, garbed, appareled, spruced up, spiffed up, covered, polished, garmented; (v) clothed, habited dried: (adj) arid, desiccated, dehydrated, shriveled, shrunken, drained, torrid, parched, withered; (n) drier, dryer drink: (n, v) beverage, draught, swallow; (n) alcohol, brew, potion, intoxicant; (v) booze, carouse, bib, swig. ANTONYMS: (v) regurgitate, sip, abstain drinking: (n) consumption, ingestion, intake, potation, drunkenness, crapulence, boozing, drinkable, uptake, intemperateness, booze drinks: (n) refreshments, food and drink drive: (n, v) ride, push, force, crusade, urge, thrust, campaign, cause; (v) compel, chase, actuate. ANTONYMS: (n) apathy, inertia, lethargy, walk, indifference; (v) discourage, repress, stop, prevent, inhibit, dissuade driving: (adj) energetic, impulsive, enterprising, pushing, vigorous; (n) drive, travel, drove, direction, motoring, push. ANTONYMS: (adj) lethargic, weak, light drone: (n, v) hum, murmur; (v) whine, idler, purr; (n) dawdler, droning, laggard, sluggard, roll; (adv, n) bourdon dropped: (adj) dropping, fallen, decreased, drop, fall, degraded, dead, born, abandoned drunk: (adj) tipsy, wet, tight, blotto, drunken, inebriated; (adj, n) inebriate; (n) boozer, dipsomaniac, drunkard, drinker. ANTONYMS: (adj) straight, clearheaded; (n) teetotaler duel: (v) combat, duello, contest, buck, repel, resist; (n, v) fight, tilt; (n) affaire d'honneur, monomachy, prize fight dull: (adj) dreary, dense, sluggish,

103 dismal, slack, torpid; (adj, v) blunt, stupid; (v) deaden, dampen; (adj, n) cold. ANTONYMS: (adj) lively, sharp, stimulating, exciting, lustrous, interesting, exhilarating, varied, glossy, glittery, luminous dully: (adv) slowly, sluggishly, stupidly, tediously, drearily, heavily, tamely, boringly, monotonously, tiresomely, bluntly. ANTONYMS: (adv) animatedly, luminously, brightly, brilliantly dungeon: (n, v) keep; (n) prison, cell, jail, penitentiary, fastness, oubliette, Bastille, bridewell, detention, house of correction during: (prep) within, on, by, of, for, pending, inside; (adv) whilst, while; (adj) throughout; (n) at. ANTONYM: (prep) out dusky: (adj) dark, cloudy, gloomy, black, swarthy, dull, murky, obscure, dingy, sooty, somber. ANTONYMS: (adj) light, bright, sunny, radiant, clear dust: (v) sprinkle, clean, spray, wipe, spread; (n) dirt, earth, relics, grit, remains, soil. ANTONYMS: (n) newness; (v) dirty duty: (n) function, commitment, obligation, chore, assignment, office, dues, job, responsibility, must; (n, v) charge. ANTONYMS: (n) disobedience, option dying: (n) death, demise, decease, mortality; (adj) vanishing, moribund, last, final, ultimate, failing, ebbing. ANTONYMS: (adj) thriving, well, opening, aborning, developing, flourishing, growing, reviving, rejuvenating; (n) birth each: (adv) apiece, either, individually; (adj) every, various, singular; (adj, det) any; (n) anyone, an, anybody, everyone eagles: (n) order Falconiformes, caracaras, Falconiformes early: (adv) betimes, soon; (adj) initial, primitive, young, prompt, first, quick; (n) beginning, morning, prior. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) late, later; (adj) delayed, slow, tardy, conclusive, latter, middle; (adv) belatedly, tardily, expectedly ears: (n) antenna earth: (n) world, dust, ground, land, lair, dry land, terra firma, clay, creation, ball, country easy: (adj) convenient, gentle, familiar, graceful, at ease, light, lenient, clear, contented, cozy; (adj, adv) soft. ANTONYMS: (adj)

104 arduous, laborious, demanding, hard, strenuous, particular, burdensome, tough, uneasy, awkward, testing eating: (n) ingestion, intake, feeding, browsing, banqueting, food, lunching, supping, pica, repletion; (v) eat edge: (n, v) bound, verge, hem, skirt, line; (n) boundary, margin, brink, blade, extremity, limit. ANTONYMS: (n) center, disadvantage, obstacle, handicap, mainstream, end; (v) interior, dull, blunt, speed educated: (adj, v) erudite, lettered; (adj) learned, enlightened, trained, refined, informed, taught, cultivated, intellectual; (v) instructed. ANTONYMS: (adj) uneducated, ignorant, naive, illiterate, uncouth, uninformed, unlearned, wild effect: (n, prep) consequence; (v) accomplish, achieve, bring about, create, complete, cause, do; (n) product, sequel; (n, v) result. ANTONYMS: (n) reason, cause; (v) impede, fail effort: (n) exertion, trouble, application, trial, try, endeavor, struggle, drive, diligence, bid, great effort. ANTONYMS: (n) inaction, lackadaisicalness, laziness, negligence, lethargy egoism: (n) selfishness, egocentrism, self-love, trait, pride, vanity, egocentricity, egomism, narcissism, introspection, insensitivity. ANTONYMS: (n) selflessness, conformity egotistic: (adj) vain, conceited, egoistic, egotistical, egocentric, narcissistic, proud, arrogant, opinionated, self-centered, haughty. ANTONYMS: (adj) selfless, unpretentious, modest, humble, reserved eight: (n) eighter, eleven, nine, ten, team, queen, ogdoad, octonary, octet, ace, octad either: (adj) whatever; (adv) too, also, neither, besides, likewise; (n) or; (det) any; (conj) other elapse: (v) go by, lapse, proceed, flow, roll, expire, pass by, slip by, fly, die, depart elbow: (n, v) poke, nudge, jolt; (n) cubitus, elbow joint, angle, articulation; (v) jostle, push, shove, crowd else: (adv) besides, yet, to boot, in

The Sea-Gull addition, moreover; (pron) another; (n) or; (adj) different, other, further, additional embarrassed: (adj) awkward, abashed, uncomfortable, disconcerted, bashful, sheepish, shy, shamefaced, mortified, discomfited, chagrined. ANTONYMS: (adj) relaxed, unabashed, natural, talkative embody: (v) comprehend, comprise, personify, body, represent, exemplify, typify, encompass, incorporate, materialize, integrate. ANTONYMS: (v) divide, exclude, disembody emotion: (n) love, feeling, passion, heart, commotion, mood, pathos, excitement, sensibility; (n, v) sensation; (v) impression. ANTONYMS: (n) detachment, coldness, unfeelingness, calmness emotions: (n) reputation, emotion, feeling, temperament, personality, character, disposition, breast, bosom empty: (adj, v) clear, discharge, destitute, void; (adj) hollow, bare, blank, barren, abandoned; (v) deplete, pour. ANTONYMS: (adj) crowded, meaningful, packed, occupied, inhabited, swarming, brimming, laden, filled, cultivated; (v) fill enchanted: (adj) bewitched, delighted, charmed, fascinated, rapt, spellbound, blissful, happy, enamored, possessed; (v) entranced. ANTONYMS: (adj) disenchanted, unhappy enchanting: (adj) captivating, delightful, fascinating, bewitching, lovely, alluring, magical, glamorous, adorable; (adj, v) charming, engaging. ANTONYMS: (adj) unhappy, revolting, repulsive, repellent, foul, everyday, dull, disenchanting, annoying, uninteresting, despicable enchantress: (n) siren, Delilah, fairy, witch, occultist, woman, lamia, sibyl, vamp, hag, sorceress encumber: (v) saddle, clog, hamper, charge, lumber, tax, embarrass, constrain, hinder, bound, cumber. ANTONYMS: (v) free, alleviate, assist, aid, facilitate, ease, help, lighten, relieve ending: (n) conclusion, end, closure, close, completion, finish, termination, dissolution, death; (adj, n) closing, last. ANTONYMS: (n) beginning, middle, commencement,

inauguration, kickoff, prelude, establishment; (adj) first endless: (adj) constant, perpetual, interminable, continuous, ceaseless, eternal, uninterrupted, everlasting, incessant, vast, unrelenting. ANTONYMS: (adj) temporary, restricted, limited, intermittent, ending, finishing, sporadic, mortal, inconstant, few, slight endure: (adj, n, v) continue, support; (n, v) bear, suffer, stand, be; (v) accept, undergo, allow, stay, tolerate. ANTONYMS: (v) perish, die, break, fall, discontinue, crumble, end, enjoy, resign, quit, collapse engagement: (n, v) combat, battle, action, fight, contest; (n) conflict, commitment, appointment, contract, duty, date. ANTONYM: (n) disengagement englishman: (n) Sassenach, British, Briton, Britisher, Englander, English, Saxon, limey, burgher, Jacobean, burgess engraved: (adj) carved, inscribed, etched, sculptured, chased, cut in, graphic, graven; (prep) insculptured; (v) fixed, imprinted enjoy: (v) hold, have, relish, bask, appreciate, own, rejoice, revel, love, experience; (adj, v) like. ANTONYMS: (v) need, suffer, loathe, lack, hate, detest, despise, want enjoying: (n) relish, enjoyment; (adj) comfortable, fruitive enlightening: (adj) edifying, instructive, illuminating, didactic, educational, calming, communicative, clarifying, useful, taming, revealing. ANTONYMS: (adj) mystifying, unedifying, unenlightening, unilluminating enmity: (n, v) animosity; (n) antagonism, animus, hostility, aggression, rancor, ill will, antipathy, hatred, war, dislike. ANTONYMS: (n) friendship, friendliness, affinity, love, kindness, affection, adoration, amity, cooperation, goodwill enormous: (adj) huge, big, colossal, vast, prodigious, excessive, exorbitant, great, large, tremendous, stupendous. ANTONYMS: (adj) small, minute, insignificant, miniature, measly, diminutive, affordable, little, slim, ordinary, minor enough: (adj) ample, adequate,

Anton Chekhov competent, decent; (n) adequacy, sufficiency, fill; (adv) rather, amply, adequately; (adv, n) plenty. ANTONYMS: (adj) insufficient, deficient, wanting, scant; (adv) insufficiently, inadequately; (n) insufficiency, deficiency, inadequacy, shortage enter: (v) enroll, embark, chronicle, book, record, input, arrive, come, pierce, register, penetrate. ANTONYMS: (v) depart, exit, delete, stop, refrain, erase, egress, abstain, cancel, exclude, disembark entering: (n) entry, entrance, admission, enrollment, penetration, ingress, registration, encroachment, entree; (adj, n) incoming; (v) go in enthusiasm: (adj, n) devotion; (n, v) ardor, zeal; (adj, n, v) passion; (n) ardour, animation, craze, ebullience, gusto, inspiration, interest. ANTONYMS: (n) indifference, lethargy, passivity, unwillingness, boredom, unconcern, detachment, gloom, gloominess, patience, reluctance entirely: (adv) fully, absolutely, utterly, wholly, altogether, all, thoroughly, perfectly, clean, solely; (adj, adv) completely. ANTONYMS: (adv) partially, incompletely, unenthusiastically, hardly, slightly, somewhat envelope: (n, v) covering, cloak, blanket; (n) casing, container, pack, case, coating, jacket, integument, vesicle envy: (v) begrudge, want; (n) enviousness, desire, heartburning, resentment, envies, heartburn, jealousy, hatred; (adj) jealous. ANTONYM: (n) generosity escape: (v) elude, avoid, evade, circumvent, bolt; (n, v) break, dodge, leak, run; (n) avoidance, evasion. ANTONYMS: (n, v) return; (v) remain, catch, stay, face, block, attend; (n) incarceration, imprisonment, endurance, abidance especially: (adv) particularly, chiefly, expressly, peculiarly, specifically, above all, exceedingly, principally, exceptionally, extraordinarily, unusually. ANTONYMS: (adv) unexceptionally, customarily, usually, commonly, frequently, generally estate: (n) land, order, demesne, rank, domain, property, acres, substance, state, asset, assets estrangement: (n) disaffection,

separation, rift, coolness, isolation, break, split, rupture, withdrawal, breach; (v) estrange. ANTONYMS: (n) reconciliation, propitiation, conciliation eternal: (adj) constant, perpetual, ceaseless, everlasting, lasting, continual, aeonian, immortal, boundless, deathless, enduring. ANTONYMS: (adj) mortal, finite, brief, ephemeral, fleeting, terminable, ending, fragile, inconstant ether: (adj) air, elastic fluid, anaesthetic agent, steam, flatus, fume, reek, vapor; (n) divinyl ether, firmament, vinyl ether evening: (n) even, dusk, dark, eve, twilight, sunset, eventide, nightfall, sundown, night, period. ANTONYMS: (n) daybreak, sunrise, sunup, morning ever: (adj, adv) always, continually; (adj) constantly, still, forever; (adv) never, e'er, before, once, perpetually; (n) Evers. ANTONYM: (adv) erratically everlasting: (adj) eternal, ceaseless, endless, constant, continual, perpetual, immortal, deathless, ageless, aeonian; (adj, n) lasting. ANTONYMS: (adj) finite, ephemeral, fleeting, mortal, ending, terminating, inconstant, fragile, perishable every: (adj) each, total, whole, any, thorough; (n) everybody, everyone, everything; (adv) apiece, either; (pron) every one everybody: (adv) each, any; (n, pron) anyone, anybody; (n) every person, world, everything, horde, throng; (pron) any person, someone. ANTONYMS: (n, pron) nobody everything: (pron) anything, something, whatever thing, no matter which; (n) whole, everyone, all things, everybody, entirety, universe, thing everywhere: (adv) everyplace, all over, far and wide, overall, somewhere, far and near, about, where; (adv, pron) anywhere; (adv, n) anyplace; (adj) throughout. ANTONYM: (adv) nowhere evident: (adj) obvious, distinct, discernible, clear, manifest, conspicuous, patent, plain, noticeable, open, certain. ANTONYMS: (adj) unnoticed, obscure, concealed, hidden, inconspicuous, uncertain, unknown,

105 imperceptible, disputable, ambiguous, undetectable exactly: (adv) correctly, punctually, rightly, accurately, strictly, perfectly, definitely, directly, truly, right, absolutely. ANTONYMS: (adv) inaccurately, randomly, figuratively, wrongly, vaguely, roughly, inexactly, indirectly, imprecisely, around; (adv, prep) about exaggerate: (v) boast, aggravate, amplify, dramatize, overdo, overdraw, brag, overstate, magnify, aggrandize, enhance. ANTONYMS: (v) minimize, alleviate, weaken exaltation: (n) elation, ecstasy, apotheosis, worship, praise, rapture, deification, grandeur, adoration; (n, v) sublimation; (v) laud. ANTONYMS: (n) abasement, belittlement, debasement, degradation, humiliation, sorrow, derogation, disparagement example: (n) exemplar, illustration, instance, sample, lead, paradigm, prototype, pattern, design, guide, precedent except: (adj, conj, prep) save; (v) exclude, demur, omit, elide; (adv, conj, prep) but; (adv, prep) besides; (prep) excepting, excluding, aside from; (conj, n) without. ANTONYMS: (prep) including; (v) receive, admit excitable: (adj) nervous, irritable, combustible, hasty, edgy, fiery, sensitive, volatile, passionate, warm, quick. ANTONYMS: (adj) unexcitable, calm, unflappable, easygoing, easy, tranquil, reliable, mild excite: (v) arouse, enliven, disturb, agitate, awaken, incite, inspire, rouse, electrify; (n, v) energize; (adj, v) quicken. ANTONYMS: (v) calm, pacify, bore, soothe, stifle, tranquilize, placate, quiet, dampen excited: (adj, v) animated, ardent; (adj) ablaze, enthusiastic, emotional, frantic, warm, heated, delirious, fervent, passionate. ANTONYMS: (adj) cool, unexcited, bored, tranquil, easygoing, disappointed, despairing, comatose, apathetic, sedate, composed excitedly: (adv) passionately, feverishly, wildly, frantically, nervously, ardently, enthusiastically, eagerly, animatedly, fervently, cheerfully. ANTONYMS: (adv) lifelessly, patiently, peacefully, nonchalantly,

106 indifferently, despondently, unenthusiastically excitement: (n) commotion, emotion, animation, agitation, disturbance, elation, enthusiasm, eagerness, taking, excitation, tumult. ANTONYMS: (n) dullness, boredom, tediousness, desolation, apathy, bore, dormancy, indifference, somnolence, despondency, lifelessness exciting: (adj) provocative, breathtaking, impressive, stirring, exhilarating, moving, rousing, dramatic, emotional, agitated; (adv) excitingly. ANTONYMS: (adj) dull, bland, monotonous, insipid, uninteresting, unexciting, uninspiring, listless, unenthusiastic, staid, somnolent excuse: (n, v) pardon, palliate; (v) absolve, exculpate, condone, acquit, justify, forgive; (n) alibi, pretext, evasion. ANTONYMS: (v) blame, accuse, chide, discipline, include, reprimand, castigate; (n) accusation exhausted: (adj) fatigued, tired, spent, dry, empty, depleted, jaded, enervated, faint; (adj, v) gone, weak. ANTONYMS: (adj) fresh, refreshed, strong, restored, vigorous, unexhausted, replenished, remaining, energized, invigorated, restocked exhibition: (n) demonstration, exhibit, exposition, exposure, fair, presentation, spectacle, show, manifestation, scene, appearance. ANTONYM: (n) hiding exist: (v) lie, be, endure, abide, consist, belong, continue, occur, come, breathe, live. ANTONYMS: (v) expire, fail, perish existence: (n) being, entity, life, subsistence, living, essence, lifetime, aliveness, actuality, occurrence, availability. ANTONYMS: (n) nonbeing, nonexistence, absence, extinction expect: (v) assume, anticipate, demand, understand, hope, think, suppose, calculate, await, abide, conceive. ANTONYMS: (v) fear, despair expected: (adj) likely, expect, predictable, prospective, anticipated, usual, conventional, intended, due, assumed, hoped-for. ANTONYMS: (adj) unusual, surprising, unconventional, unexpected, unlikely, exceptional expenses: (n) expenditure, expense,

The Sea-Gull charge, costs, fee, spending, disbursement, overheads, payment, outlay, upkeep experience: (v) endure, suffer, examine, meet, live, know, receive; (adj, v) see; (n) event, episode, happening. ANTONYMS: (n) inexperience, greenness, naivete, inability, ignorance experiences: (n) life, biography, journal, personal narrative, fortunes explain: (v) comment, interpret, account, define, decipher, clarify, solve, gloss, excuse, expound, explicate. ANTONYMS: (v) complicate, perplex, obfuscate, puzzle, outline exploded: (adj) antebellum, antediluvian, blown over, expired, unconnected, elapsed, that has been, run out, no more, never to return; (v) at a discount express: (adj) explicit, direct, definite, distinct, especial; (n, v) declare; (v) demonstrate, convey, articulate, display, mean. ANTONYMS: (v) suppress, hide, retain; (adj) vague, slow, unexpressed, roundabout, unsaid, uncertain, indirect; (n) local expression: (n) phrase, voice, aspect, appearance, demonstration, declaration, manifestation, articulation, express, face, style. ANTONYMS: (n) hint, suggestion, smile, insinuation, concealment, misconstruction extolled: (adj) decorated, dignified, exalted, elevated, adorned, emblazoned, inscribed extract: (v) draw, derive, elicit, educe, abstract, distill, draw out; (n) essence, juice, quotation; (n, v) quote. ANTONYMS: (v) insert, add; (n) whole extraordinary: (adj) odd, exceptional, curious, rare, special, phenomenal, amazing, astonishing, unusual, strange, abnormal. ANTONYMS: (adj) ordinary, normal, everyday, usual, common, mundane, regular, undistinguished, unremarkable, insignificant, natural eyes: (n) sight, eye, vision, view, baby blues, guard, propensity, eyen face: (adj, n, v) front; (v) confront, audacity; (n, v) look, aspect, top; (n) side, expression, countenance, exterior, facade. ANTONYMS: (n, v) back; (n) timidity, nobody, underside, shyness, rear; (v) evade, elude, hide, withdraw, submit fact: (n) event, detail, truth,

particular, reality, point, thing, occurrence, experience, actuality; (n, v) deed. ANTONYMS: (n) guesswork, fallacy, conjecture, report, falsehood, fiction, concept, fabrication, fantasy, illusion, lie fail: (adj, v) fade, decline, cease; (v) abort, die, break, bust, want, disappoint, deteriorate, default. ANTONYMS: (v) succeed, triumph, win, thrive, procure, accomplish, achieve, attain, boom, complete, continue failed: (adj) unsuccessful, failing, abortive, bankrupt, fruitless, futile, declining, deteriorating, ineffective, insolvent failure: (n) bankruptcy, breakdown, loser, downfall, disappointment, disaster, defeat, debacle; (n, v) deficiency, decline, loss. ANTONYMS: (n) achievement, hit, winner, victory, capability, achiever, attainment, growth, triumph, Victor, champion faint: (adj, n, v) swoon; (adj) dim, feeble, dizzy, indistinct, vague, soft, dull; (adj, v) weak; (v) languish, pass out. ANTONYMS: (adj) distinct, clear, obvious, loud, considerable, pungent, invigorated, hearty, energetic, defined; (v) revive fainting: (n) swoon, syncope, deliquium, lipothymy, prostration, stupor; (adj) lipothymic fair: (adj) clear, beautiful, sweet, reasonable, dispassionate, average, fine, impartial; (adj, v) bright; (adj, adv) clean; (n) blonde. ANTONYMS: (adj) biased, unjust, exceptional, dark, partial, mismatched, unwarranted, foul, imbalanced, prejudiced, poor faith: (n) confidence, belief, conviction, trust, credence, credit, creed, assurance, cult, expectation, dependence. ANTONYMS: (n) disbelief, distrust, dubiosity, skepticism, despair, uncertainty, doubt, independence fall: (n, v) decline, dip, rain, decrease, plunge, dive; (n) downfall, descent, autumn; (v) descend, sink. ANTONYMS: (n, v) increase, win, climb, triumph; (n) ascent, improvement, rising; (v) ascend, advance, conquer, elevate falls: (n) cataract, waterfall, chute, angel, torrent, Victoria, twin, force, body of water, Guaira, Niagara false: (adj, n) bastard; (adj, adv) counterfeit, deceitful; (adj) untrue,

Anton Chekhov dishonest, erroneous, sham, assumed, artificial, fictitious, deceptive. ANTONYMS: (adj) real, genuine, faithful, factual, correct, natural, truthful, honest, valid, just, loyal fame: (n, v) credit, celebrity, report, reputation, renown, cry; (n) distinction, bruit, honor, prestige, buzz. ANTONYMS: (n) infamy, obscurity, anonymity, ignominy, dishonor, commonness, oblivion, criticism family: (adj, n) household, descent, home; (n) name, genus, house, people, breed, brood, kin, lineage famous: (adj) celebrated, splendid, distinguished, renowned, illustrious, famed, capital, prominent, well-known, fine, stunning. ANTONYMS: (adj) infamous, ordinary, anonymous, insignificant, obscure, inglorious, undistinguished fancy: (n, v) desire, fantasy, caprice, dream, wish, daydream; (v) imagine, consider; (adj, v) conceive; (n) conception, conceit. ANTONYMS: (n) reality, certainty, actuality, conviction; (adj) unadorned, common; (v) hate, demonstrate, detest, disapprove, test farce: (n) comedy, travesty, joke, mockery, sham, play, charade, caricature, dressing, forcemeat, buffoonery. ANTONYMS: (n) tragedy, drama farewell: (int, n) adieu; (n) bye, leave, valediction, adios, parting, goodbye, separation, departure, aloha; (int) bon voyage. ANTONYMS: (n) hello, salutation, welcome farm: (n) farming, grange, dairy, croft, farmstead, estate; (v) raise, cultivate, hire, plant, produce fascinating: (adj, v) captivating, charming, engaging, interesting; (adj) engrossing, absorbing, attractive, delightful, alluring, bewitching, seductive. ANTONYMS: (adj) boring, dull, repellent, unappealing, repulsive fast: (adj, v) firm; (adj) dissolute, instant, agile, staunch, quick, hurried, fixed, rapid; (adv) soon, hard. ANTONYMS: (adv) slowly, loosely, sluggishly; (n) binge; (adj) sluggish, loose, unattached, plodding; (adj, adv) leisurely; (v) gorge, eat faster: (adv) sooner, fleet, swift, quick, express, earlier

fatally: (adv) lethally, fatefully, perniciously, disastrously, destructively, terminally, deadly, pestilently, killingly, calamitously; (adj, adv) dangerously father: (n) dad, begetter, creator, abba, patriarch, beginner, founder, padre; (n, v) sire; (v) engender, generate. ANTONYMS: (n) disciple, follower fathom: (n, v) plumb; (v) penetrate, discern, bottom, understand, comprehend, know, make out, measure; (n) probe, gauge. ANTONYMS: (v) confuse, misunderstand, Miss fear: (n) awe, dismay, alarm, fright, consternation, care, anguish; (n, v) apprehension, doubt, concern, reverence. ANTONYMS: (n) fearlessness, reassurance, confidence, courage, valor, calm, boldness, security, equanimity, peace; (v) brave fears: (n) worries, uncertainties, doubts, qualms, misgivings feature: (n) article, aspect, detail, character, characteristic, peculiarity, lineament, facet, appearance, quality; (n, v) mark. ANTONYMS: (v) disregard, ignore features: (n) face, characteristics, aspect, appearance, character, facial appearance, trait, complexion, nature; (adj) declensions; (v) lineaments feed: (v) eat, dine, browse, encourage, board, diet, nourish, fatten; (n, v) nurture, provender; (n) aliment. ANTONYMS: (v) thwart, crave, desire, sap feel: (v) experience, finger, handle, consider, find; (n, v) sense, sound; (n) feeling, texture, atmosphere, air. ANTONYMS: (v) observe, doubt, question, mistrust, ignore, disregard, disbelieve, challenge feeling: (n) affection, feel, emotion, sensitivity, mood, hunch, opinion, belief, impression, atmosphere; (adj, n) sentiment. ANTONYMS: (n) indifference, overtone, insensibility, certainty, insensitivity, hatred, trust; (adj) unfeeling feelings: (n) emotions, opinion, bosom, emotion, thought, reputation, honor, feeling, sentiments, thoughts, manner feet: (v) legs, pegs, pins, trotters; (n) foots, ft, fete, meter, rescue fell: (v) cut, chop, bring down, drop, cut down; (adj) barbarous, cruel;

107 (adj, v) prostrate, floor, knock down; (n) skin. ANTONYMS: (v) construct, erect, raise, build felt: (v) mat, tangle, snarl, braid, entangle, lace, perceive; (adj) sensed, perceived, conscious, sensible fetch: (v) carry, bring, bring in, convey, draw, elicit, deliver, catch, get, attract; (adj, n) feint fever: (n) malaria, delirium, pyrexia, heat, frenzy, feverishness, febricity, Bilious typhoid fever, Levant fever, Hectic infantile fever, Typhoid fever field: (n) area, battlefield, ground, place, domain, discipline, range, realm, battleground, section, compass fields: (n) field, domains, plain, notification fields, rotation, alternation of crops, grounds fierce: (adj) bitter, acute, cruel, ferocious, brutal, grim, nasty, intense, ardent; (adj, v) savage, furious. ANTONYMS: (adj) gentle, mild, calm, quiet, tame, docile, weak, peaceful, pleasant fight: (n, v) battle, dispute, contest, quarrel, engagement, feud, squabble, argue, struggle, clash; (adj, n, v) brawl. ANTONYMS: (n, v) withdrawal, retreat; (n) fear, surrender, agreement; (v) compromise, favor, submit finally: (adv) lastly, ultimately, at last, at long last, definitely, terminally, decisively, latestly, at length; (adv, v) definitively; (adj) final. ANTONYMS: (adv) initially, partially, soon, unconvincingly find: (v) catch, detect, encounter, come across, feel, attain, ascertain; (n) detection, disclosure, search, discovery. ANTONYMS: (v) misplace, search, fail; (n) loss fine: (adj) delicate, dainty, agreeable, nice, thin, elegant, capital, excellent, brave; (n) penalty; (v) punish. ANTONYMS: (adj) poor, thick, wide, coarse, unsatisfactory, substantial, wretched, unpleasant, unimpressive, dark, cloudy finished: (adj, adv) ended, completed; (adj) complete, consummate, absolute, accomplished, ruined, spent, ripe, polished; (adj, v) done. ANTONYMS: (adj) incomplete, remaining, rough, leftover, uncultured finishing: (n) completion, close, accomplishment, conclusion, end, coating; (adj, n) ending; (adj)

108 closing, last, final, ultimate. ANTONYMS: (n) beginning; (adj) first fish: (n) bird, eel, fishing, Pisces, anchovy, chondrichthian, alewife, shellfish; (v) seek, hunt, pursue fishing: (n) fishery, casting, fishing job, piscary, piscation, rodding, halieutics, sport fishing; (v) coursing, hawking; (adj) halieutic five: (n) fives, quintuplet, quint, Phoebe, basketball team, fin, squad, ace, digit; (adj, n) v; (adj) quinary flapping: (adj) loose, detached, baggy, streaming, flying, slack; (n) fluttering, flutter, flaps, dither, disturbance flask: (n) bottle, flasket, container, cask, ampulla, carafe, decanter, jar, flagon, vacuum flask, vial flattering: (adj) ingratiating, complimentary, courtly, obsequious, adulatory, fulsome, bland, candied, smooth, encouraging; (n) flattery. ANTONYMS: (adj) assertive, critical, unflattering, unattractive, wounding, uncomplimentary, negative; (adv) partially flattery: (n, v) cajolery; (n) blarney, compliment, adulation, taffy, palaver, praise, gloze, sweet talk, sycophancy, soft soap. ANTONYMS: (n) insult, offense flicker: (n, v) waver, flare, blaze, sparkle, glimmer, shine, flash; (v) shake, blink, flick, shimmer flit: (n, v) dart; (v) flicker, fly, fleet, flutter, zip, flash, speed, flitter, run; (adj) stir flitting: (adj) fleeting, fugitive, momentary, transient, ephemeral; (v) migration floating: (adv) afloat; (adj, v) buoyant; (adj, adv) aimless; (adj) current, loose, moving, fluid, in circulation, going about, flying, light floor: (n, v) level; (n) layer, earth, base, bottom, soil, platform; (v) stun, dump, deck; (adj, v) prostrate. ANTONYMS: (v) clarify; (n) ceiling flounder: (v) stumble, flounce, stagger, flop; (adj, v) blunder, fumble, hesitate, botch; (adj) boggle; (n, v) wallow; (n) turbot flour: (adj) meal, bran, spore, sporule, paddy, rice; (n) farina, foodstuff, wheat flour, flower, semolina flower: (n, v) blossom, blow; (v) effloresce, flourish; (adj, n) prime; (n) efflorescence, elite, cream, bouquet, floret, florescence. ANTONYMS: (n) residue; (v) wither

The Sea-Gull flowers: (n) analecta, anthology flying: (adj) fast, quick, rapid, swift, moving, flaring, aflare; (n) fly, flight, aviation, ballooning follow: (v) chase, adopt, adhere, succeed, accompany, abide by, comprehend, ensue, track; (adj, v) catch, grasp. ANTONYMS: (v) guide, lead, head, disobey, deny, ignore, misunderstand, predate, exceed, defy, break fond: (adj) affectionate, caring, devoted, tender, loving, amorous, delicate, adoring, doting, ardent, attached. ANTONYMS: (adj) aversion, cold, rough food: (n, v) fare; (n) edible, board, nourishment, diet, sustenance, aliment, dish, foodstuff, meat, nurture fool: (n) blockhead, dunce, clown, idiot, ass, booby, buffoon; (v) deceive, bamboozle; (n, v) joke, gull. ANTONYM: (n) savant foolish: (adj) childish, fool, crazy, dumb, daft, fatuous, stupid, unwise, preposterous, dopey; (adj, n) silly. ANTONYMS: (adj) wise, sensible, shrewd, prudent, visionary, diplomatic, levelheaded, sane, rational, mature, judicious foolishly: (adv) idiotically, ridiculously, stupidly, indiscreetly, silly, insanely, injudiciously, preposterously, absurdly, senselessly; (adj, adv) madly. ANTONYMS: (adv) sensibly, solemnly, shrewdly, prudently, responsibly, judiciously, carefully, rationally foot: (n) base, feet, foundation, footing, pes, paw, basis, leg, measure; (v) hoof, pay. ANTONYMS: (v) owe; (n) head footman: (n) attendant, butler, follower, flunkey, flunky, varlet, servitor, valet de chambre, boy, knave; (n, v) lackey footsteps: (n) road, footprints, way, trail, path, track, footpath force: (n, v) drive, squeeze, pressure, thrust; (n) energy, strength, agency; (v) coerce, push, press, compel. ANTONYMS: (n) persuasion, ineffectiveness, inertia, apathy, moderation; (v) request, wheedle, pull, push, restrain, prevent forced: (adj) compelled, bound, constrained, artificial, involuntary, unnatural, forcible, farfetched, strained, obligatory, labored. ANTONYMS: (adj) unprovoked,

spontaneous, voluntary, natural, genuine, willing, optional forces: (n) troop, army, troops, rank and file, services, war, Armed Services, enmity forcing: (adj) pressing, constraining, penetrating, compulsatory; (n) push foreground: (n) front, scene, panorama, window, vista; (v) bring out, emphasize, highlight, cozy up, cotton up, accentuate. ANTONYM: (v) background forehead: (n) brow, front, foreland, lineament, mut, phiz, physiognomy, visage, eyebrow, skull; (adv) foremost foreign: (adj) extraneous, extrinsic, alien, exterior, external, exotic, strange, oversea, adventitious, unfamiliar, stranger. ANTONYMS: (adj) familiar, domestic, internal, relevant, national, natural foresee: (v) expect, forecast, anticipate, envisage, previse, foreknow, prophesy, provide, foresaw, predict, see forever: (adv) always, eternally, evermore, everlastingly, continually, permanently; (adj) eternal, permanent; (n) eternity; (adj, adv) interminably, ad infinitum. ANTONYMS: (adj) occasionally, never, sporadically; (adv) briefly, intermittently forget: (v) leave, miss, blank out, bury, to forget, overlook, neglect, ignore, fail, unlearn, abandon. ANTONYMS: (v) mind, attend forgetful: (adj) oblivious, inattentive, negligent, lax, absent-minded, casual, unmindful, neglectful, heedless, unaware; (adj, v) remiss. ANTONYMS: (adj) mindful, watchful, alert, remembering, retentive forgive: (v) absolve, excuse, acquit, remit, pardon, justify, to forgive, exonerate, overlook, clear, to excuse. ANTONYMS: (v) condemn, punish, castigate forgotten: (adj) lost, disregarded, elapsed, past, abandoned, gone, Gone With the Wind, irrecoverable, lapsed, disoriented, no more. ANTONYM: (adj) remembered form: (n, v) make, fashion, design, build, arrange, shape; (adj, n) figure; (v) establish, constitute, do; (n) ceremony. ANTONYMS: (v) deform, destroy formal: (adj) ceremonious, distant, solemn, courtly, prim, ceremonial,

Anton Chekhov stately, official, elegant, cold, proper. ANTONYMS: (adj) informal, relaxed, unceremonious, unofficial, chatty, cosy, natural, casual, nonformal, friendly, flexible formality: (n) ceremony, formalities, decorum, etiquette, custom, ceremoniousness, starch, ritual, rite, observance; (n, v) stiffness. ANTONYMS: (n) casualness, possibility, warmth, friendliness former: (adj) previous, antecedent, anterior, bygone, earlier, prior, foregoing, original, deceased, past; (adv) formerly. ANTONYMS: (adj) future, last, next, current, following, present, subsequent, later; (n) latter forsake: (v) abandon, ditch, relinquish, abdicate, fail, leave, forgo, chuck, disclaim; (n, v) drop; (adj, v) quit. ANTONYM: (v) support forth: (adv) away, along, onward, ahead, before, on, off, on the high road, on the road, on the way, under way fortress: (n) fort, bulwark, fortification, castle, stronghold, citadel, alcazar, tower, presidio, redoubt; (n, v) keep fortune: (n) estate, fate, fluke, destiny, luck, accident, means, assets, riches, abundance, doom. ANTONYM: (n) design forty: (adj, n) XL; (n) two score, forties; (adj) twoscore forward: (adj, prep) bold; (adj, adv) onward; (adj) audacious; (adj, n, v) promote; (v) expedite, dispatch; (adv) fore, along, ahead; (adv, n, v) further; (adj, adv, n) early. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) backward; (adj) posterior, timid, reverse, abashed, late, formal; (adv) behind, rearward, back, aft found: (v) erect, build, base, form, construct, constitute, appoint, institute, set up, create, ground. ANTONYMS: (v) abolish, disband; (adj) lost four: (n) quaternary, foursome, tetrad, quaternion, quadruplet, square, quarter, quad, air, age of man; (adj, n) IV fourth: (adv) fourthly; (n) interval, third, after part, common fraction, fourth part, quartern, second; (adj) quaternary frame: (n, v) construct, design, fabricate, make, fashion, border, build, forge; (v) draft, erect, contrive france: (n) Frances, Jacques Anatole

Francois Thibault, regional operations in Germany, Anatole France free: (adj, v) exempt, liberate, discharge; (adj, adv, v) loose; (v) excuse, extricate, relieve, disentangle, ease; (adj, n) frank; (adj) liberal. ANTONYMS: (adj) restricted, imprisoned, repressive, secure, strict, stuck, confined, tangled, compelled, dependent; (v) confine freedom: (adj, n) franchise, immunity; (n) deliverance, autonomy, release, discharge, emancipation, escape, liberty, right; (adj) frankness. ANTONYMS: (n) imprisonment, restriction, captivity, suppression, dependence, restraint, capture, chance, conformity, inclusion freely: (adv) loosely, frankly, openly, generously, independently, gratuitously, voluntarily, liberally, free, sparely; (adj, adv) spontaneously. ANTONYMS: (adv) reluctantly, deceitfully, accurately, meagerly, parsimoniously, secretly, stingily, unwillingly; (adj) restricted frequent: (adj, v) customary, usual, ordinary, incessant; (adj) everyday, many, familiar, continual, habitual; (v) patronize, haunt. ANTONYMS: (adj) infrequent, occasional, intermittent, spasmodic, unusual, few; (v) shun, boycott, avoid fresh: (adj) clean, bracing, novel, bright, recent, original, airy, bold, pure, green; (adj, v) brisk. ANTONYMS: (adj) stale, decayed, hot, tired, worn, rotten, off, musty, muggy, humid, exhausted friend: (adj, n) associate, comrade, companion, fellow, ally; (n) acquaintance, colleague, boyfriend, crony, brother, mate. ANTONYMS: (n) foe, stranger, rival, nemesis, adversary, antagonist friends: (n) circle, associates, connections, links, support group, acquaintances fright: (n, v) dismay, alarm, scare, affright; (n) awe, fear, dread, terror, horror, consternation, apprehension. ANTONYMS: (n) calm, fearlessness, courage, confidence, security frighten: (v) cow, alarm, daunt, terrify, appall, scare, affright, intimidate, terrorize, appal; (n, v) fright. ANTONYMS: (v) comfort, reassure, soothe, calm frightened: (adj) fearful, timid,

109 startled, terrified, scared, alarmed, anxious, apprehensive, horrified, intimidated, restless. ANTONYMS: (adj) unimpressed, confident, brave, fearless, reassured frightening: (adj) awesome, awful, menacing, alarming, fearsome, horrific, terrible, creepy, fearful, dread, formidable. ANTONYMS: (adj) comfortable, soothing, pleasant, comforting, approachable, normal, hospitable frightful: (adj, v) fearful; (adj) formidable, awful, fearsome, appalling, gruesome, horrible, terrible, dread, frightening, grim. ANTONYMS: (adj) wonderful, calming, soothing, pleasant, lovely, fair front: (v) confront, look; (n) countenance, forefront, appearance, facade, forehead, frontage; (adj, n) head; (n, v) disguise; (adj) fore. ANTONYMS: (adj, n, v) back; (adj, n) end; (adj) posterior; (v) follow full: (adj, n) complete, absolute, entire; (adj) abundant, flush, broad, extensive, ample, total, enough; (adj, adv, n) crowded. ANTONYMS: (adj) lacking, starving, hungry, sketchy, incomplete, thin, deserted, partial, restricted, weak; (v) wane fumes: (n) gas, exhaust, exhaust fumes, smokes, smog, vapor, exhalation, steam, smoke, toxic waste, contamination furious: (adj, v) fierce, violent, vehement, wild, rampant; (adj) frantic, enraged, ferocious, boisterous, raging, frenzied. ANTONYMS: (adj) happy, mild, gentle, pleased, mellow, quiet, slow furniture: (n) fitment, equipment, appliance, fixture, appointments, furnishings, goods, dresser, article of furniture, cabinet; (v) stuff futile: (adj) useless, empty, ineffective, frivolous, idle, abortive, bootless, hopeless, meaningless, vain, hollow. ANTONYMS: (adj) successful, useful, fruitful, meaningful, worthwhile, promising, productive, effective future: (adj) unborn, prospective, coming, intended, to come, potential, impending, approaching; (n) hereafter, fate, time to come. ANTONYMS: (adj) distant, earlier, near, nearby gallery: (n) balcony, veranda, drift, audience, art gallery, circle, picture gallery, porch, terrace, verandah,

110 corridor gambling: (adj, n) gaming; (n) play, speculation, recreation, vice, hazardry, bid; (adj) betting, dissipated, sporting, clean game: (n) fun, amusement, entertainment, play, diversion, prey, quarry; (v) bet, wager, gamble; (adj) fearless. ANTONYMS: (adj) reticent, unwilling; (n) hunter garden: (v) farm, cultivate, tend; (n) field, bed, plantation, orchard, grove, grounds, park; (adj) gardenly gate: (n) door, mouth, entry, doorway, port, exit, goal, barrier, approach, inlet, threshold gave: (v) deliver, allow, allot, provide, furnish, impart, administer; (n) gives geese: (n) ducks, goose, game birds, order Anseriformes, wildfowl, birds, Anatidae, Anseriformes, family Anatidae generous: (adj) ample, abundant, copious, benevolent, bountiful, kind, charitable, flush, fair, liberal; (adj, n) free. ANTONYMS: (adj) meager, tightfisted, miserly, measly, mean, small, ungenerous, avaricious, greedy, petty, pitiful genius: (adj, n) capacity, ability, endowment, faculty, gift, cleverness; (n) flair, brain, prodigy, bent, aptitude. ANTONYM: (n) amateur genoa: (n) Genoa jib, Genova gentle: (adj) easy, friendly, soft, kind, affable, balmy, mild, feeble, compassionate; (adj, adv) calm; (adj, v) tame. ANTONYMS: (adj) harsh, loud, fierce, caustic, violent, rough, hardhearted, abrupt, heavy, steep, sheer gentlemen: (n) sirs, messieurs gently: (adv) tenderly, slowly, mildly, soft, slow, kindly, delicately, softly, lightly, meekly, quietly. ANTONYMS: (adv) sharply, fiercely, forcefully, harshly, abruptly, violently, severely, roughly, intensely, meanly, heavily gets: (n) getting getting: (n) acquiring, reception, acquisition, attainment, contracting, appropriation, taking, reaching; (prep) receiving; (v) acquire, receive. ANTONYM: (n) rejection giddy: (adj, v) flighty; (adj) dizzy, faint, silly, changeable, vertiginous, featherbrained, light, fickle, capricious; (adv) careless. ANTONYMS: (adj) serious, dull gifted: (adj) capable, accomplished,

The Sea-Gull talented, able, apt, proficient, brilliant, ingenious, expert, intelligent, adept. ANTONYMS: (adj) inept, dim, incompetent, mediocre, slow, clumsy girl: (n) damsel, gal, lady, young woman, maid, lass, fille, wench, daughter, bride, virgin. ANTONYMS: (n) son, boy give: (v) extend, commit, donate, endow, contribute, dispense, deliver, convey, grant; (adj, v) bestow, accord. ANTONYMS: (v) withdraw, take, withhold, retain, receive, keep, get, hide, conceal, starve, withstand given: (adj) apt, disposed, prone, specified, liable, inclined, granted, fixed, conditional; (n) assumption, particular. ANTONYMS: (adj) taken, unwilling gives: (n) give, offer, provide, grant, accord glad: (adj) jubilant, cheerful, gay, blithe, delighted, festive, content, delightful, genial, bright, willing. ANTONYMS: (adj) unhappy, apologetic, dismayed, unwilling, disappointed, sorry gladly: (adv, v) happily; (adv) gleefully, contentedly, cheerfully, fain, joyfully, jovially, cheerily, delightedly, gladsomely, readily. ANTONYMS: (adv) reluctantly, unwillingly, sadly, resentfully, miserably glass: (n) bottle, drink, goblet, cup, drinking glass, spectacles, glasses, field glass, bowl; (v) glaze; (adj, n) ice glasses: (n) spectacles, eyeglasses, glass, specs, spectacle, eyeglass, barnacles, lens, pair of glasses, mirror, goggles gloomy: (adj) black, desolate, dejected, cheerless, depressing, dismal, downcast, disconsolate, melancholy, funereal, downhearted. ANTONYMS: (adj) encouraging, cheery, cheerful, bright, hopeful, light, promising, uplifting, joyful, sunny, clear glorious: (adj) distinguished, beautiful, bright, celebrated, brilliant, eminent, magnificent, super, great, splendid; (adj, v) illustrious. ANTONYMS: (adj) sorrowful, despicable, horrible, shameful, lowly glory: (n) celebrity, brightness, honor, distinction, glorification, eclat, dignity; (n, v) halo, pride; (v) exult,

boast. ANTONYMS: (v) blasphemy, lament, profanity; (n) dishonor, disrepute, ugliness, blame, criticism gloves: (n) gauntlet, mitten, mittens, gauntlets, scarf, ornament, handbag, belt, batting glove, boxing glove, baseball mitt glow: (n, v) flush, gleam, shine, glimmer, glare, color, sparkle, beam; (v) burn, flare, kindle. ANTONYMS: (n) wanness, darkness, paleness; (v) pale, struggle glowing: (adj, n) enthusiastic, cordial, passionate; (adj) burning, fervent, blazing, flaming, fiery, dazzling; (adj, v) warm; (adj, adv) aglow. ANTONYMS: (adj) pale, wan, unhappy, unenthusiastic, derogatory, dispassionate, unwell goal: (n) destination, butt, purpose, design, end, basket, objective, intention, object, target, ambition. ANTONYM: (n) extension going: (n) exit, leaving, parting, expiration, disappearance, action; (v) go, course, to go; (adj) working, running. ANTONYMS: (n) arrival, Reunion golden: (adj) aureate, fortunate, gilded, auspicious, gold, gilt, lucky, advantageous, fair, favorable, favored. ANTONYM: (adj) inauspicious gone: (adj, prep) past; (adj) deceased, bygone, departed, desperate, lost, late; (adj, v) exhausted, extinct; (adj, adv) absent, away. ANTONYMS: (adj) present, remaining, found, alive good-bye: (n) bye, farewell, goodbye, goodby, vale, adios, cheerio good-for-nothing: (adj) worthless, feckless, pointless, asinine, unworthy; (n) loafer, do-nothing, rascal, rotter, cur, trash good-natured: (adj) kindly, friendly, kind, obliging, gracious, kindhearted, genial, good, bland, sweet, good-tempered goodwill: (n) friendship, friendliness, amity, grace, kindness, benevolence, altruism, readiness, favour, neighborliness, sympathy. ANTONYMS: (n) hostility, malice, opposition, malevolence grace: (adj, v) adorn; (v) garnish, deck, embellish, beautify, decorate, embroider; (adj, n, v) favor; (n) elegance, beauty; (adj, n) clemency. ANTONYMS: (n) unseemliness, awkwardness, disfavor, inelegance, heaviness, unkindness; (v) deface,

Anton Chekhov demean gradually: (adv) bit by bit, slowly, inchmeal, progressively, unhurriedly, moderately, gently, little by little, increasingly, step by step; (adj, adv) piecemeal. ANTONYMS: (adv) abruptly, midstream, quickly, rapidly, conspicuously, obviously granary: (n) garner, warehouse, storage, grange, store, storehouse, cornloft, depot, farm, lathe, entrepot grand: (adj, n) glorious, excellent; (adj, n, v) noble; (adj) gorgeous, August, superb, important, majestic, exalted; (adj, v) great, dignified. ANTONYMS: (adj) unimpressive, humble, modest, unimportant, poor, base, inferior, limited, incomplete, restricted, small granny: (n) grandma, gran, grannie, granny knot, old woman, grandam, fuddy-duddy, matriarch, grandparent, nan; (adj) finicky grave: (adj) solemn, serious, critical, earnest, dangerous, sedate, sad, grand; (adj, v) severe, acute; (v) engrave. ANTONYMS: (adj) frivolous, funny, cheerful, carefree, slight, nonchalant, trivial, stable, minor, insignificant, favorable great: (adj) eminent, gigantic, big, distinguished, large, extensive, extreme, grand, chief, ample, massive. ANTONYMS: (adj) awful, insignificant, tiny, mild, poor, minor, useless, ordinary, slight, weak, unknown greatest: (adj) top, superlative, biggest, utmost, largest, extreme, first; (adj, n) maximum, most; (adj, v) paramount, supreme. ANTONYMS: (adj) inferior, secondary grew: (v) become, develop; (adj) grown grip: (n, v) clutch, clasp, hold, gripe; (v) catch, cling, apprehend, fascinate, embrace; (n) handle, bag. ANTONYMS: (n, v) release; (n) separation groping: (adj) fumbling, gropingly, investigative, incertain, blind, probing, tentative, uncertain, unsure, hesitant, exploratory ground: (n, v) base, land, floor; (v) found, establish; (adj, n, v) bottom; (n) earth, reason, field, soil, dirt. ANTONYMS: (n) sea, figure; (v) launch, top grove: (n) forest, orchard, thicket, coppice, wood, gardens, residences,

Holt, bosquet, park, Hurst grow: (v) expand, advance, augment, enlarge, come, emerge, spring, become, farm, turn, get. ANTONYMS: (v) decrease, weaken, shrink, decline, drop, collapse, struggle, wane, plummet, dwindle, deteriorate growing: (n) development, growth; (adj, adv) increasing; (adj) flourishing, thriving, blossoming, expanding, swelling, progressive; (adj, n) developing; (v) grow. ANTONYMS: (adj) dwindling, decreasing, downward; (n) nondevelopment grown: (adj) mature, big, growed, grown-up, developed, ripe, grownup, fully grown, full-grown, growth, become. ANTONYM: (adj) unripe growth: (n, v) increase, evolution, augmentation; (n) gain, accretion, enlargement, germination, accumulation, improvement, increment, rise. ANTONYMS: (n) weakening, reduction, decline, nondevelopment, shrinking, contraction, collapse, fall, loss, disappearance, retreat guest: (n) caller, visitor, customer, alien, foreigner, client, invite, foreign, company, guests, houseguest guests: (n) guest, visitors guide: (n, v) escort, conduct, govern, channel, control, usher, cicerone; (n) directory, attendant; (v) drive, bring. ANTONYM: (v) follow gull: (n, v) fool, cheat, deceive; (v) beguile, bamboozle, cod, befool, take in, kid; (n) chump, cully gulls: (n) waders, suborder Lari hair: (n) coat, coma, haircloth, pile, locks, filament, fleece, fur, hairbreadth, down, forelock half: (adj) moiety, part, short, defective; (n) semi, mediety, halve, division, piece, first half; (adv) partly. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) all; (adj) fully, complete hamburger: (n) beefburger, ground beef, burger, cheeseburger, beef, boeuf hamlet: (n) dorp, community, kraal, settlement, campong, crossroads, city, place, colony, neighborhood; (adv, n) town hammering: (n) beating, pounding, pound, fagging, drudgery, needle hammer, defeat, knock, failure, British pound, Ezra Loomin Pound.

111 ANTONYM: (n) victory hand: (v) give, pass, commit, bestow, afford, communicate, consign; (n) deal, worker, aid, applause. ANTONYMS: (n) boss, foot; (v) take handle: (n, v) conduct, administer; (v) feel, wield, deal, treat, touch, control, manipulate, direct; (n) clutch. ANTONYMS: (n) blade, head; (v) mishandle, bungle, conceal, crumble, avoid hands: (n) custody, keeping, personnel, safekeeping, hold, shift, workforce, men, manpower, guardianship, full complement handsome: (adj) fair, beautiful, fine, generous, charming, comely, attractive, bountiful, considerable, bonny, prepossessing. ANTONYMS: (adj) ugly, unattractive, meager, ungenerous, measly, plain happen: (n, v) betide; (v) arise, befall, develop, go, come, fall, chance, come about, occur, get. ANTONYM: (v) disappear happening: (n) incident, episode, circumstance, contingency, affair, event, fact, occurrence, experience, occasion, eventuality happiness: (n) delight, merriment, ecstasy, welfare, gladness, luck, cheerfulness, blessedness, bliss, felicity, contentment. ANTONYMS: (n) sadness, despair, grief, misery, dissatisfaction, seriousness, dullness, discontent, dejection, gloominess, displeasure happy: (adj) felicitous, contented, gay, buoyant, content, gleeful, gratified, pleasant, glad, carefree; (adj, n) auspicious. ANTONYMS: (adj) sad, depressed, dejected, sorrowful, miserable, unlucky, sorry, reluctant, irritable, unfortunately, gloomy hard: (adj, n) austere, rough; (adj, v) grave, severe, acute; (adj) bad, difficult, strong, callous, cruel, tough. ANTONYMS: (adj) easy, kind, soggy, tender, merciful, yielding, simple; (adv) lightly, gently, lackadaisically; (adj, adv) flexible harder: (adj) serious hardly: (adj, adv) barely, scarcely; (adv) severely, harshly, roughly, badly, toughly, laboriously, arduously, cruelly, heavily. ANTONYMS: (adv) extremely, fully, well, easily harmony: (n) accord, consonance, agreement, correspondence,

112 accordance, congruity, consistency, amity; (n, v) concord, peace; (v) concert. ANTONYMS: (n) discord, disagreement, argument, conflict, bitterness, harshness, incongruity, uproar, hostility, misery, upheaval harness: (adj, n) strap, tether; (n, v) yoke, rein, couple, check; (adj, v) hitch; (v) wear, equip, limit, use. ANTONYM: (v) undo harsh: (adj, v) sharp, bitter; (adj, n) grating, coarse, austere, discordant; (adj) grim, cruel, crude, unkind, stern. ANTONYMS: (adj) gentle, soft, harmonious, pleasant, lenient, kind, melodious, sweet, mild, lush, friendly hasten: (adj, n, v) speed, quicken; (v) expedite, advance, hurry, hie, dash, rush; (n, v) further, forward, dispatch. ANTONYMS: (v) linger, retard, amble hate: (v) abhor, detest, loathe, abominate; (n) enmity, abhorrence, detestation, hatred, animosity, antipathy, aversion. ANTONYMS: (n, v) like; (v) adore, cherish, admire; (n) attraction, liking, delight, adoration hated: (adj) despised, disliked, not liked, reviled, scorned, unloved, unpopular. ANTONYM: (adj) precious hatred: (n, v) detestation, enmity, animosity; (n) aversion, antipathy, disgust, abhorrence, grudge, anger, abomination, hostility. ANTONYMS: (n) liking, adoration, affection, attraction, goodwill, kindness, delight, friendliness, admiration hauling: (n) pull, haulage, shipping, transportation, cartage, drag, carrying, haul, towing, vehicle, trucking having: (n) estate, possession, acceptance, enjoyment head: (n) captain, boss, froth, foam, crown, chieftain; (n, v) point, lead; (adj, n, v) front; (v) capital, direct. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) subordinate; (n) end, beginning, foot, mouth, rear, tail, body, underling, base; (adj) minor heads: (n) conspectus, contents, prospectus, syllabus, synopsis, public, textbook, people, outlines, head stick healed: (adj) recovered, heal, recover, whole, corned, well, aged health: (n) condition, fitness, welfare, pledge, strength, form, hygiene,

The Sea-Gull sanitation, salubrity, shape; (adj) sanitary healthy: (adj) healthful, wholesome, salubrious, hale, good, fit, beneficial, whole, well, sound, hearty. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwell, harmful, unfit, soporific, dependent, fattening, infected, unwholesome, weak, ill, underfed hear: (int, v) attend; (v) find out, discover, understand, apprehend, hark, learn, try, examine, listen; (adj) heard heard: (n) hearing hears: (v) hear heart: (adj, n) core, gist, marrow; (n) spirit, center, essence, basis, kernel, crux, breast, hub. ANTONYMS: (n) body, surface hearts: (n) Black Maria, spades heaven: (n) Eden, firmament, bliss, Elysium, sky, nirvana, glory, Elysian Fields, Garden of Eden, utopia; (adj) celestial. ANTONYM: (n) misery heavens: (n) firmament, heaven, sky, welkin, sphere, atmosphere, celestial sphere, space, skies, area, vault of heaven heavy: (adj, n) dull; (adj) deep, fat, dense, grave, dark, full, gross, thick, bulky; (adj, adv) hard. ANTONYMS: (adj) slim, easy, thin, slight, skinny, puny, gentle, insubstantial, animated, nimble, entertaining heights: (n) place, elevation, high places, high, heaven held: (adj) absorbed, confined, kept, apprehended, seized, supposed, reputed, tenable, thought, trapped; (v) detain heliotrope: (n) bloodstone, chalcedony, agate, emerald, beryl, thermal heliotrope, mirror; (adj) mauve, lilac, turnsole, purple help: (n, v) assist, assistance, support, benefit, favor, avail, cure, assistant; (v) facilitate, ease, alleviate. ANTONYMS: (n) hindrance, detriment, interference, damage, disadvantage, disservice, manager; (v) worsen, aggravate, halt, hurt hero: (n) character, protector, leader, demigod, warrior, protagonist, combatant, fighter, defender, bomber; (adj, n) worthy. ANTONYMS: (n) coward, loser, villain hers: (pron) she, his; (adj) own herself: (adj) oneself, self, himself, myself, yourself, yourselves, themselves, ourselves, itself

hesitatingly: (adv) indecisively, irresolutely, hesitating, waveringly, doubtfully, undecidedly, vacillatingly, falteringly. ANTONYM: (adv) unhesitatingly hesitation: (n, v) falter, fear; (n) hesitance, faltering, delay, hesitate, diffidence, hesitancy, qualm, reluctance; (v) hesitating. ANTONYMS: (n) certainty, resolution, confidence, decisiveness, enthusiasm, inclination, willingness hidden: (adj) clandestine, concealed, obscure, dark, secret, latent, covert, invisible, arcane, covered; (adj, v) confidential. ANTONYMS: (adj) exposed, open, active, noticeable, overt, revealing, known, explicit, mainstream, transparent, visible hide: (n, v) cover, disguise, shelter, veil; (adj, v) obscure; (n) fur, fell, coat; (v) bury, mask; (adj, n, v) darken. ANTONYMS: (v) show, expose, express, divulge, unearth, amplify, advertise, clarify hideous: (adj) dreadful, frightful, fearful, ghastly, horrid, ugly, repulsive, lurid, horrible, grisly, grim. ANTONYMS: (adj) lovely, pleasant, beautiful, wonderful higher: (adj) greater, upper, major, senior, over, more, better, advanced, bigger; (prep) above, upon. ANTONYMS: (adj) basic, junior, lower himself: (pron) herself, themselves, yourself, itself; (adj) myself; (n) yourselves hither: (adv) here, whither, hitherward, thither hold: (n, v) keep, grip, grasp, entertain; (v) endure, detain, adhere, bear, have, contain, comprise. ANTONYMS: (v) fail, disagree, lose, free, deny, remove, lack; (n) separation, repulsion holiday: (n, v) vacation; (n) festival, time off, sabbath, break, celebration, holy day, leisure, recess; (v) fete; (adj) festive home: (n) domicile, abode, house, residence, base, place, dwelling, family, habitation; (adj) domestic; (adj, n) household. ANTONYMS: (adj) external, national, public, away, foreign; (adv) out honestly: (adj, adv) justly, sincerely, candidly, fairly, genuinely, really; (adv) openly, directly, faithfully, plainly, truthfully. ANTONYMS: (adv) misleadingly, deceitfully, unfairly, insincerely, hesitantly,

Anton Chekhov untruthfully, guardedly, ambiguously, politely honey: (n) dear, love, beloved, nectar, sweetheart, dearest, duck, molasses, sugar, baby; (v) sweeten honour: (n) fame, award, dignity, homage, celebrity, accolade, reputation; (n, v) honor; (v) respect, celebrate, dignify. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dishonor; (v) disrespect honoured: (adj) esteemed, respected, worthy hope: (n, v) trust, desire; (n) aspiration, faith, belief, expectation, confidence, expectancy, anticipation; (v) confide, anticipate. ANTONYMS: (n) reality, past, pessimism, distrust, independence hopeless: (adj) incurable, despondent, forlorn, disconsolate, desperate, impossible, useless, abject, despair, dismal, irreparable. ANTONYMS: (adj) cheerful, competent, promising, optimistic, encouraging, helpful, useful, successful, practical, laudable, effective horizon: (n) ambit, reach, purview, vista, view, perspective, prospect, skyline, arena, celestial horizon, amphitheater horn: (n) car horn, antler, klaxon, cornet, French horn, ivory, foghorn, cornu, alarm, trumpet, arm horned: (adj) cornuted, somm, horny, sharp, cuckolded, cornigerous, bearing horns, having horns. ANTONYM: (adj) hornless horrid: (adj) grisly, ghastly, ugly, gruesome, grim, fearful, dreadful, direful, dire, horrible, fearsome. ANTONYMS: (adj) lovely, nice, appealing, attractive, kind horror: (n) abomination, abhorrence, dismay, fear, fright, revulsion, alarm, repulsion, anxiety; (adj, n) dread, terror. ANTONYMS: (n) delight, attraction, proclivity, bravery, calm, confidence, security horse: (n, v) mount; (n) buck, heroin, junk, charger, knight, pony, rider, trestle, eohippus, dog horses: (n) stock, equidae, domestic animals, cattle, extinct animals, asses, pigs, sheep, family equidae, farm animals, force hotel: (n) lodge, house, guesthouse, hostelry, inn, tavern, hospice, court, restaurant, spa, khan hour: (n) clock, o'clock, hours, time, hr, term, nonce, moment, occasion, dawn, dusk

house: (adj, n, v) family; (adj, n) home; (v) accommodate; (n) dwelling, firm, abode, domicile, edifice, habitation, housing; (n, v) lodge. ANTONYM: (adj) public houseless: (adj) unhoused however: (adv, conj, prep) but; (adj, adv, conj) although; (adv) nevertheless, anyway, nonetheless, how, notwithstanding; (adv, conj) though, yet; (conj) albeit; (n) while howl: (n, v) cry, roar, scream, bark, shout, yell, bay, yelp; (v) bawl, growl, yawl. ANTONYM: (v) laugh howling: (n) howl, cry; (adj) fierce, fantastic, gross, glaring, marvelous, wonderful, wondrous; (adj, n) weeping, sniveling human: (n) person, man, human being, homo, gay, party; (adj, adv) fleshly; (adj) humane, earthly, corporeal, worldly. ANTONYMS: (adj) nonhuman, otherworldly, heavenly, immortal humanity: (n) benevolence, mankind, flesh, human race, human, humankind; (adj, n) compassion, charity, kindness, benignity, gentleness. ANTONYMS: (n) severity, inhumanity, nastiness, selfishness humiliation: (n) degradation, disgrace, chagrin, abjection, comedown, indignity, embarrassment, mortification, dishonor, discredit; (adj, n) shame. ANTONYMS: (n) glorification, aggrandizement, pride, success, making humourous: (adj) humorous hundred: (adj) a hundred, one hundred, many; (adj, n) c; (n) cent, centred, riding, lathe, soke, tithing, carbon hungry: (adj) eager, avid, famished, starving, esurient, greedy, ravenous, desirous, meager, starveling; (v) starve. ANTONYMS: (adj) full, satiated, sated, thirsty, unconcerned, moderate, healthy, disinterested hurdle: (v) overcome, surmount; (n, v) vault; (n) barrier, hitch, obstruction, obstacle, impediment, hindrance, difficulty, bar. ANTONYM: (n) help hurried: (adj) fast, sudden, speedy, rapid, quick, swift, headlong, abrupt, cursory, precipitate, prompt. ANTONYMS: (adj) unhurried, leisurely, considered, patient, meticulous, thorough hurry: (n) haste; (n, v) bustle, hasten,

113 dispatch, flurry, rush; (v) scurry, dash, accelerate, expedite, run. ANTONYMS: (n) slowness, calmness, patience, unimportance; (v) dawdle, delay, linger, crawl, amble; (intj) wait hurt: (adj, n, v) damage, detriment; (adj, n) evil; (n, v) wound, pain, ache, distress; (n) disadvantage, lesion; (v) afflict; (adj, v) injure. ANTONYMS: (adj) unhurt, unaffected, healed; (v) encourage, please, protect, repair, defend; (n, v) help; (n) reparation, pleasure husband: (v) conserve, economize, preserve, save; (n) consort, hubby, man, fellow, lover, master, mate. ANTONYMS: (n) wife, bachelor hush: (adj, n, v) calm, silence, quiet, still, lull; (n) peace; (v) shut up, gag, quieten, muffle; (adj, v) soothe. ANTONYMS: (n) noise, turmoil; (v) Louden idea: (n) meaning, belief, opinion, concept, estimation, fancy, plan, impression, apprehension, notion, conception. ANTONYM: (n) certainty idealism: (n) magnanimousness, nobility, immaterialism, mentalism, perfection, rose-colored glasses, quixotism, optimism, imaginationalism, ideality, greatness. ANTONYMS: (n) reality, disillusionment ideas: (n) idea, thoughts, thought, thinking, principles, philosophy, information, imaginings, data, content, communication idle: (adj) lazy, indolent, inactive, free, unfounded, fruitless, baseless, groundless, frivolous, empty, disengaged. ANTONYMS: (adj) active, employed, industrious, energetic, meaningful, productive, worthwhile, diligent; (v) change, run, work idleness: (n) lethargy, laziness, torpor, inactivity, idling, unemployment, sloth, inaction, inertia, faineance, idlesse. ANTONYMS: (n) energy, activity, bustle, liveliness, responsibility idol: (n) fetish, deity, effigy, divinity, graven image, image, hero, favorite, star, simulacrum, beloved ignominious: (adj) dishonorable, shameful, disreputable, infamous, base, discreditable, dishonourable, inglorious, black, despicable, degrading. ANTONYMS: (adj) honorable, glorious

114 ill-at-ease: (adj) worried imagination: (n) vision, fancy, image, dream, conceit, imagery, originality, invention, resource, reflection, phantasy imagine: (v) believe, conjecture, fancy, conceive, daydream, assume, guess, consider, fantasize; (conj, v) suppose; (n, v) dream imagined: (adj) fanciful, notional, unreal, fancied, fictitious, nonexistent, unseen, hypothetical, feigned, dubious, doubtful immense: (adj) vast, enormous, great, gigantic, immeasurable, colossal, boundless, big, large, giant, infinite. ANTONYMS: (adj) tiny, small, insignificant, miniature, slight, negligible, compact, narrow, short, minor immutable: (adj) unchangeable, permanent, changeless, eternal, inflexible, unchanging, irrevocable, stable, unalterable, invariable, fixed. ANTONYMS: (adj) changeable, variable, flexible impelled: (adj) prompted, provoked, determined, compulsive, encouraged, goaded, motivated, bound impetuously: (adv) rashly, impulsively, vehemently, precipitately, fiercely, headily, passionately, intensely, fierily, spontaneously, thoughtlessly. ANTONYMS: (adv) deliberately, sensibly, patiently implore: (v) beg, beseech, supplicate, ask, conjure, crave, pray, importune, appeal, plead, solicit. ANTONYMS: (v) demand, grant, reject imploringly: (adv) beseechingly, pleadingly, importunately, beggingly, suppliantly, appealingly importance: (n) account, gravity, import, dignity, prominence, stress, emphasis, value, concern, magnitude; (n, v) consequence. ANTONYMS: (n) unimportance, insignificance, triviality, meaninglessness important: (adj, v) grave; (adj) fundamental, significant, crucial, key, serious, remarkable, chief, earnest, central, heavy. ANTONYMS: (adj) insignificant, trivial, minor, irrelevant, low, worthless, frivolous, secondary, little, superfluous, inconsequential imposed: (adj) compulsory, obligatory impossible: (adj) unimaginable,

The Sea-Gull insufferable, unbelievable, hopeless, impracticable, impractical, inconceivable, unlikely, unthinkable, unable, ridiculous. ANTONYMS: (adj) feasible, achievable, manageable, bearable, attainable, on, tolerable, probable, hopeful, easy, consistent impression: (n) feeling, idea, imprint, conception, depression, notion, mark, image, dent, feel, opinion. ANTONYMS: (n) certainty, hump, lump impressions: (n) impersonation, imitation impudence: (adj, n) boldness, brass; (n) cheek, gall, audacity, impertinence, insolence, face, cheekiness, effrontery, assurance. ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, reticence incense: (v) enrage, anger, provoke, irritate, infuriate, aggravate, rile, cense, inflame; (n) fragrance, aroma. ANTONYMS: (v) please, pacify inclination: (n, v) desire, bent; (n) fancy, affection, tendency, leaning, drift, appetite, dip, proclivity, bias. ANTONYMS: (n) disinclination, reluctance, aversion, indifference, unwillingness, antipathy, dislike, horror incredible: (adj, n) astonishing, marvelous; (adj, v) inconceivable; (adj) fabulous, extraordinary, unbelievable, implausible, fantastic, unlikely, preposterous, wonderful. ANTONYMS: (adj) credible, believable, conceivable, unspectacular, likely, mundane, unremarkable, plausible, awful, sensible, real indeed: (adv) certainly, exactly, in reality, surely, of course, assuredly, as a matter of fact, admittedly; (adj, adv) really, much; (n) yes. ANTONYMS: (adv) possibly, doubtfully indifference: (adj, n) coldness, phlegm; (n) detachment, impassiveness, disregard, aloofness, nonchalance, neglect, unconcern, impassivity, disinterest. ANTONYMS: (n) fervor, interest, eagerness, dedication, sympathy, favorite, compassion, anxiety, responsiveness, forcefulness, care indifferent: (adj) apathetic, impassive, cold, cool, callous, fair, insensible, unconcerned, careless, dull, average. ANTONYMS: (adj) enthusiastic, fervent, keen,

obsessive, energetic, eager, involved, surprised, exceptional, concerned, shocked individuality: (n) character, individualism, personality, originality, distinctiveness, identity, peculiarity, selfhood, ego, disposition, independence. ANTONYMS: (n) commonality, sameness, conformity indolent: (adj) idle, lazy, slothful, sluggish, careless, slow, dull, torpid, inert, drowsy, listless. ANTONYMS: (adj) active, industrious, vigorous, diligent inducement: (n) enticement, attraction, cause, incitement, impulse, temptation, bait, impetus, occasion, motive, goad. ANTONYMS: (n) disincentive, deterrent indulge: (n, v) gratify, humor; (v) coddle, cosset, baby, pamper, spoil, satisfy, please, mollycoddle, cocker. ANTONYMS: (v) frustrate, deprive, stifle, neglect, deny, displease, fast indulging: (n) pampering, excess, indulgence, orgy, folly, foolery, gratification ineffably: (adv) indescribably, unspeakably, unutterably, inexpressibly, extremely, deeply inextinguishable: (adj) indomitable, impregnable, dominating, quenchless, indestructible, unquenchable; (v) incommutable, indefeasible, volcanic, irreducible, simmering inflict: (v) impose, cause, wreak, force, enforce, deal, deliver, administer, foist, put, obtrude inform: (v) acquaint, impart, advise, enlighten, announce, tell, familiarize, explain, advertise, apprise, warn inhabit: (v) reside, abide, occupy, lodge, settle, people, live, indwell, be, exist; (n) habit. ANTONYMS: (v) desert, vacate inimitable: (adj) unique, matchless, particular, unrivaled, unparalleled, special, unmatched, supreme, unparagoned, exclusive, single. ANTONYMS: (adj) universal, ordinary inner: (adj) interior, mental, inward, intrinsic, inside, central, middle, within, in, privy, clandestine. ANTONYMS: (adj) outer, superficial, exterior inquire: (v) demand, ask, explore, enquire, inspect, research, consult,

Anton Chekhov pry, request, wonder; (n, v) question. ANTONYM: (v) answer insane: (adj) foolish, daft, demented, mad, delirious, lunatic, fool, moonstruck, frantic, idiotic, nutty. ANTONYM: (adj) sensible inscription: (n) epigraph, entry, dedication, autograph, epitaph, registration, lettering, writing, record, superscription, title inside: (adj, n) interior, middle, center; (adj) internal, indoor; (prep) per; (adv) inwardly, indoors, within, at heart, inwards. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) exterior; (adj) free, external, outdoor, public; (adj, adv) outer; (prep) out; (adv) outwardly; (n) edge insignificance: (n) unimportance, insignificancy, indifference, immateriality, inconsiderableness, slightness, smallness, meanness, littleness, futility, inconsequentiality. ANTONYMS: (n) seriousness, importance, gravity, appropriateness, value, fame insignificant: (adj) inconsequential, inconsiderable, humble, poor, immaterial, trivial, unimportant, light, infinitesimal, indifferent, small. ANTONYMS: (adj) significant, enormous, major, important, huge, substantial, considerable, great, colossal, valuable, influential insipid: (adj) tasteless, bland, dull, watery, flavorless, uninteresting, vapid, savorless, boring, tame, humdrum. ANTONYMS: (adj) exciting, tasty, interesting, flavorful, spicy, lively, colorful, dark, bright, inspired, imaginative insist: (v) affirm, assert, contend, demand, claim, asseverate, declare, maintain, urge, importune, press. ANTONYMS: (v) request, deny inspiration: (n) afflatus, encouragement, idea, incentive, revelation, breath, inhalation, notion; (n, v) illumination, infusion; (adj, n) genius instance: (n) exemplar, case, time, illustration, sample, affair, pattern, chance, cause; (v) exemplify, illustrate instant: (adj, n) present; (adj) immediate, prompt; (n) flash, minute, jiffy, point, second; (adj, v) exigent; (adj, n, v) pressing, urgent. ANTONYMS: (n) age, eternity; (adj) considered, delayed, slow instantly: (adv, n) directly; (adj, adv)

immediately, at once; (adv) instantaneously, promptly, forthwith, now, readily, quickly, momently, momentarily. ANTONYMS: (adv) later, slowly, gradually instead: (adv) instead of, alternatively, as an alternative, in place of, more willingly, to compensate for, sooner, preferably, otherwise, on the other hand; (n) lieu instinct: (n) impulse, urge, aptitude, gift, feeling, sixth sense, inherent aptitude, knack, inspiration, talent, genius insufferable: (adj, v) intolerable, abhorrent; (adj) excruciating, impossible, unbearable, insupportable, unendurable, unsufferable, hateful, painful; (v) nauseous. ANTONYMS: (adj) manageable, nice, lovable insulted: (adj) affronted, offended, injured, huffy intend: (v) destine, design, mean, aim, determine, denote, contemplate, plan, purpose, consider, believe. ANTONYM: (v) improvise intently: (adv) fixedly, attentively, seriously, raptly, intensely, closely, steadily, eagerly, absorbedly, hard, steadfastly. ANTONYM: (adv) absently interest: (n, v) advantage, care, benefit; (adj, v) engage; (n) affair, account, gain, hobby, eagerness, enthusiasm, sake. ANTONYMS: (n) indifference, apathy, boredom, distraction, hostility, detachment, inattention, repulsion; (v) repel, appall interested: (adj) concerned, involved, inquiring, inquisitive, keen, interesting, attentive, fascinated, responsive, partial, eager. ANTONYMS: (adj) uninterested, bored, indifferent, unconcerned, hostile interesting: (adj) entertaining, amusing, attractive, absorbing, delightful, fascinating, exciting, readable, diverting; (adj, v) charming, engaging. ANTONYMS: (adj) boring, dull, unremarkable, unappealing, repulsive, repellent, normal, ordinary interpret: (v) clarify, understand, elucidate, illustrate, read, construe, comment, gloss, render, explain, explicate

115 interrupted: (adj) discontinuous, fitful, intermittent, discontinued, disconnected, unsuccessive, intervallic, episodic, gaping, periodic; (prep) interrupt intolerable: (adj) unbearable, insupportable, painful, obnoxious, detestable, inexcusable, deplorable, undesirable, hard, excruciating, difficult. ANTONYMS: (adj) bearable, tolerable, acceptable, reasonable, nice, understandable, lovable, excusable, inoffensive, manageable intoxicated: (adj) drunken, drunk, inebriate, tipsy, elated, stimulated, intoxicate, infatuated, fuddled, loaded, plastered. ANTONYM: (adj) sober introducing: (n) introduction invariably: (adv) constantly, ever, forever, permanently, continually, incessantly; (adj) never otherwise, unfailingly, without exception, without fail; (adj, adv) uniformly invisible: (adj) obscure, hidden, inconspicuous, intangible, sightless, concealed, impalpable, occult, indiscernible, inappreciable, unseen. ANTONYMS: (adj) obvious, conspicuous, noticeable, palpable iodoform: (n) triiodomethane, antiseptic iron: (v) firm, flatten; (n) Fe, chain, cast iron, irons; (adj) hard, adamant, steel, harsh, tenacious irony: (n) sarcasm, ridicule, raillery, banter, derision, quiz, mockery, figure of speech; (adj, n) satire, humor, burlesque. ANTONYM: (n) sincerity irresistible: (adj) resistless, invincible, irrefragable, irrefutable, overpowering, overwhelming, impregnable, indomitable, charming, fascinating; (adj, v) uncontrollable. ANTONYMS: (adj) resistible, insignificant, unappealing, weak irresistibly: (adv) charmingly, necessarily, overwhelmingly, charismatically, fiercely, temptingly, overpoweringly, appealingly, beguilingly irrevocable: (adj) irrecoverable, final, irreparable, irremediable, irredeemable, conclusive, irreclaimable, unchangeable, fixed; (adj, v) irretrievable, inevitable. ANTONYMS: (adj) revocable, superficial, provisional, flexible, impermanent

116 irritable: (adj) fractious, irascible, edgy, cantankerous, touchy, petulant, excitable, cross, sensitive, grumpy, disagreeable. ANTONYMS: (adj) calm, happy, cheerful, amiable, patient, pleasant, stable, courteous; (n) cheeriness island: (n, v) isle; (n) islet, reef, safety zone, Cebu, Papua; (v) insulate, isolate, segregate, sequester, separate itself: (adj) herself, self, oneself, personally, myself, themselves, yourself jacob: (n) jack, James, Francois Jacob jealous: (adj) distrustful, envious, covetous, suspicious, jealousy, resentful, invidious, green, grudging, jaundiced, attentive. ANTONYM: (adj) trusting jealousy: (n) suspicion, jealous, jealousness, envy, envious, alertness, distrust, contention, competition, scruple, qualm jewel: (n) gemstone, darling, diamond, jewelry, trinket, treasure, ornament, idol; (adj, n) bijou, precious stone; (adj) brilliant joined: (adj) coupled, united, allied, connected, joint, associated, linked, amalgamated, concerted, incorporated; (n) joining. ANTONYMS: (adj) disjointed, rival jolly: (adj) gay, cheerful, happy, festive, genial, bright, cheery, merry, jocund; (v) chaff; (adv) lively. ANTONYMS: (adj) gloomy, miserable, serious jostling: (v) jarring; (adj) bustling; (n) elbowing journey: (n, v) jaunt, go, travel, cruise, fare; (n) excursion, way, expedition, trip, passage, voyage. ANTONYM: (v) settle jove: (n) Jovian, Jovinianist, thunderer judge: (v) consider, think, evaluate, believe, condemn, assess, calculate, guess; (n) arbitrator, arbiter; (n, v) umpire. ANTONYM: (v) doubt judgment: (n, v) decision, belief, discernment, condemnation, sense, discrimination; (n) determination, discretion, opinion, assessment, adjudication. ANTONYMS: (n) clumsiness, request, tastelessness jumps: (n) fit, nervousness, tension, anxiety, jitters justice: (adj, n) equity, right, integrity, honesty; (n) judge, impartiality, judicature, jurist, morality, justness; (adj) just.

The Sea-Gull ANTONYMS: (n) unfairness, wickedness keep: (n, v) hold; (v) preserve, retain, defend, guard, maintain, continue, have, save, confine, observe. ANTONYMS: (v) lose, neglect, entrust, return, let, discontinue, reimburse, allow, stop, destroy, break keeping: (n) care, conservation, charge, guardianship, maintenance, holding, observance, storage, conformation, consistency, conformity kept: (adj) reserved, preserve, retained, remain, store, reserve, hold, lodge, keep, retain, detained. ANTONYM: (adj) broken keyhole: (n) hole, mousehole, pigeonhole, porthole, loophole, free throw line, peephole, knothole, pinhole, small hole kiev: (n) capital of the Ukraine kill: (n, v) assassinate, destroy; (v) erase, annihilate, eliminate, extinguish, finish, blast, decimate, execute, eradicate. ANTONYMS: (v) revitalize, revive; (n) hunter killed: (n) casualty; (adj) fallen kind: (n) sort, form, class, variety, breed; (adj, n) helpful, good, humane, friendly, gentle; (adj) generous. ANTONYMS: (adj) unkind, cruel, hardhearted, mean, merciless, nasty, spiteful, uncaring, upsetting, callous, disagreeable kindly: (adj) kind, amiable, genial, charitable; (adv) sympathetically, benevolently, tenderly; (adj, n) benign, gentle, sympathetic, benevolent. ANTONYMS: (adv) harshly, nastily, callously, cruelly, sharply, disagreeably, grumpily, malevolently; (adj) upsetting, unfeeling, sour king: (n) mogul, sovereign, chief, crown, tycoon, baron, ruler, magnate, majesty, rex, power. ANTONYM: (n) queen kiss: (n, v) caress, brush, embrace, touch; (n) osculation, salute, lip, Kiss of peace, kiss hands; (v) osculate, love kitchen: (n) galley, cuisine, cookroom, cookery, basement, caboose, fireplace, hearth, room, offices, scullery knees: (n) knee knew: (adj) known; (v) recognize, wist knock: (n, v) hit, blow, bang, bump, tap, strike, whack, bash, punch, cuff;

(n) crash. ANTONYMS: (n) improvement, boost; (v) encourage, bolster, approve knowing: (adj, v) canny, crafty, wise; (adj, n) clever; (adj) conscious, aware, ingenious, intelligent, bright, conversant, smart. ANTONYMS: (adj) naive, uncomprehending, unconscious knowledge: (n) information, comprehension, science, lore, understanding, intelligence, grasp, erudition, acquaintance; (n, v) cognition; (adj, n) art. ANTONYMS: (n) foolishness, inexperience known: (adj) familiar, knew, conscious, certain, famous, know, eminent, plain, accepted, published, acknowledged. ANTONYMS: (adj) unknown, secret, unidentified, unfamiliar lady: (n) gentlewoman, Mrs, duchess, countess, spouse, madam, ma'am, milady, matron, woman; (v) squaw. ANTONYM: (n) Lord laid: (adj) layed, lay, place, placed, put, situated, arranged, determined, dictated, hardened, ordered lake: (n) pond, pool, lagoon, puddle, lough, reservoir, loke, bayou, crimson, lagune, carmine lamp: (n) light, lantern, beacon, headlight, flashbulb, flashgun, table lamp, oil lamp, storm lantern; (n, v) look; (v) behold landowner: (n) landlord, laird, landholder, proprietor, squire, owner, Franklin, freeholder, abutter, possessor, landed proprietor. ANTONYM: (n) tenant landscape: (n) sight, vista, scene, scenery, outlook, view, ground, lookout, landscape painting, countryside, perspective languidly: (adv) languorously, listlessly, wearily, lethargically, slowly, dreamily, limply, weakly, torpidly, indolently, impassively. ANTONYMS: (adv) dynamically, vigorously large: (adj) ample, generous, considerable, broad, handsome, high, bulky, heavy, capacious, roomy; (adj, n) extensive. ANTONYMS: (adj) small, cramped, insignificant, narrow, microscopic, compact, tiny, thin, short, slim, paltry larger: (adj) bigger, big, more, major, large, greater, largest, exceed, superior, generously proportioned, excel

Anton Chekhov late: (adj, adv) dilatory, fresh, behindhand, backward; (adj) former, deceased, dead, slow, delayed, modern; (adv) belatedly. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) early, punctual; (adv) punctually, promptly; (adj) ahead, existing, alive, initial, middle, old, premature lately: (adv) tardily, newly, freshly, belatedly, slowly, latterly, deadly; (adj, adv) anew, late, afresh; (adj) recent later: (adv) afterward, subsequently, afterwards, then; (adj) following, last, future, ensuing, subsequent, latter; (adj, adv) next. ANTONYMS: (adv) immediately, before, now; (adj, adv) prior; (adj) early, previous, preceding, former latest: (adj) last, fresh, modern, new, current, hot, ultimate, contemporary, newest, stylish; (adj, n) vogue. ANTONYM: (adj) first laugh: (n, v) joke, giggle, chortle, titter, snicker; (v) smile; (n) jest, gag, jape, laughter, cackle. ANTONYM: (v) weep laughing: (adj) merry, smiling, laughable, jolly, gay, lighthearted, frolicsome, playful, pleased, dizzy; (adv) laughingly. ANTONYM: (adj) serious laughs: (n) diversion, comedy, amusement, sport, recreation, merriment, entertainment, levity laughter: (n) amusement, fun, guffaw, merriment, chortle, chuckle, mirth, hilarity, giggle, derision, happiness. ANTONYMS: (n) sadness, gloom, despair, boredom, misery, despondency lawn: (n) grassplot, field, green, park, meadow, grassplat, plot, lea, turfs, turves, turf laying: (n) egg laying, placing, parturition, place, repose, setting, put, position, lay, oyster park, oviposition leading: (adj, v) first, foremost; (adj) outstanding, head, great, capital; (adj, n) main, cardinal, principal; (adj, adv) ahead; (n) lead. ANTONYMS: (adj) secondary, subordinate, following, junior, innocent, last, lousy, unimportant, worst; (adv) behind, losing leads: (n) slating, pieced leads, slates, pile driving leads, tiling leaning: (adj, n) bent, disposition, partiality; (n) propensity, bias, tendency, incline, lean; (adj) tilted, canted, inclined. ANTONYMS: (n)

antipathy, dislike; (adj) upright leap: (n, v) bound, spring, bounce, caper, dive, vault, lunge; (v) dance, hop, start; (n) curvet. ANTONYMS: (n, v) plummet; (v) surface, drop, hesitate; (n) slump learning: (n, v) erudition, enlightenment; (n) acquisition, education, culture, scholarship, wisdom, acquirement, letter, literature; (v) learn least: (n) minimum; (adj) smallest, minimal, littlest, lowest, insignificant, minutest, negligible; (adj, n) smallest amount; (adv) at least, fully. ANTONYMS: (adj) maximum, greatest; (adj, adv) most leave: (v) depart, go, abandon, desert, lead; (adj, v) forsake, quit; (n) furlough, permission, holiday; (n, v) escape. ANTONYMS: (v) enter, arrive, stay, remain, come, approach, change, reposition, disinherit, occupy, participate leaves: (n) departure, leaving, plants, trees, vegetation leaving: (n) leave, exit, desertion, going, going away, farewell, departing, abandonment, withdrawal, boarding; (v) depart. ANTONYMS: (n) arrival, greeting, Reunion; (adj) incoming leech: (n) parasite, bloodsucker, physician, doctor, sponger, hirudinean, freeloader, sycophant, vampire; (v) bleed, phlebotomize left: (adj) gone, absent, port, odd, remaining, larboard, gauche, sinister; (n) left hand, left wing, mitt. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv, n) right; (adj) remaining, center, starboard, present legs: (v) pegs, trotters, pins; (n) patience, pedestal, stamina lend: (v) grant, give, advance, impart, bestow, contribute, borrow, bring, add, confer; (n) lending letters: (n) erudition, literature, correspondence, lore, script, scholarship, post, print, mail, letter, polite literature letting: (n) lease, rental, let, renting, hire, leasing, rent, belongings, permission; (adj) lenient library: (n) program library, collection, depository library, atheneum, athenaeum, room, repository, series, public library, study, subroutine library lies: (n) fabrication, falsehood, lie, lying, deceit, defamation, denigration, dishonesty, slander,

117 libel, treachery. ANTONYM: (n) truth life: (adj, n) animation; (n) energy, spirit, activity, dash, enthusiasm, being, biography, existence, exuberance, live. ANTONYMS: (n) death, apathy, extinction, nonexistence, lifelessness light: (adj) fair, facile, faint; (adj, v) clear; (n, v) fire, glow, flame; (v) kindle, inflame, ignite; (n) illumination. ANTONYMS: (adj) heavy, fattening, nauseating, testing, stale; (n) darkness, shade, gloom, night; (v) extinguish, darken lighted: (adj) illuminated, lit, light, ablaze, bright, ignited, burn, burning, ignite, kindled, lighten lighter: (n) light, flatboat, igniter, cigarette lighter, wherry, primer, scow, kindling, fuze, fuzee, houseboat lights: (n) illumination, burn, lung, spacing material liked: (adj) popular, loved, favorite, preferred. ANTONYM: (adj) disliked likes: (n) kind, sort, type linden: (n) lime, basswood, cottonwood, tree, wood, calx, calcium hydroxide, linden tree, hydrated lime, fluxing lime, citrus aurantifolia line: (n) cord, house, course, family, lineage, breed, field, ancestry, row; (adj, n) file; (n, v) order lines: (n) cavesson, jaquima, hackamore, headstall, ribbons, words, contour, shape, position, piece, part lions: (n) dogs, order Carnivora, leopards, jackals, bears, Felidae, family Felidae, cheetahs, cats, Carnivora lips: (n) lip, inlet, logical inference per second, chops, porch, portal, portico, propylon, snout, door, orifice liquid: (adj) flowing, fluid, juicy, limpid, watery, succulent, sappy; (n) liquor, drink, beverage, juice. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) gaseous; (adj) firm, set, unavailable, unmelted listen: (v) hear, heed, hearken, attend, harken, list, listening, eavesdrop, mind, concentrate, pay attention listening: (v) listen, hear, obey; (n) auscultation, perception, sensing, audition, audience, earshot, auditory modality; (adj) attentive literary: (adj) bookish, cultured, educated, erudite, literate, formal,

118 literature, writing, scholarly, knowledgeable, studious literature: (n) letters, science, writing, belles lettres, letter, printed matter, muses, novel, polite literature, republic of letters, profession little: (adj, adv) small; (adj) diminutive, insignificant, short, tiny, some, brief, petty, minute, exiguous; (adv) rather. ANTONYMS: (adj) enormous, large, important, huge, high, giant, older, old, tall; (adv) frequently, well live: (adj) alive, living; (adj, v) reside, active, dwell, stay; (n, v) subsist; (v) exist, be, abide, endure. ANTONYMS: (adj) inanimate, inactive, silent, dummy, blank, recorded; (v) die, perish, expire lives: (n) life, living, estate, existence, earnest living living: (adj) alive, live, extant, animated, active, fresh, animate, quick; (n) livelihood, life, being. ANTONYMS: (adj) inanimate; (n) death, leisure lock: (n, v) bar, hug; (v) close, latch, fasten, engage, hold; (adj, n) hair; (n) curl, padlock, hook. ANTONYMS: (v) open, undo, disengage, flex; (n) key; (adv) partially, partly locked: (adj) bolted, closed, fast, barred, blocked, fixed, guaranteed, barricaded, safe, protected, fastened locks: (n) hair, tresses, head of hair lofty: (adj, v) high, elevated; (adj) exalted, eminent, arrogant, grand, tall, haughty, great, distinguished, majestic. ANTONYMS: (adj) short, lowly, base, modest, deferential, humble logically: (adv) rationally, coherently, lucidly, consistently, soundly, judiciously, systematically, wisely, validly, cogently, consecutively. ANTONYMS: (adv) imaginatively, foolishly, randomly, irrationally, obscurely, inconsistently, contradictorily, carelessly, haphazardly, unreasonably, unconvincingly lonely: (adj) deserted, lone, dreary, solitary, forsaken, desert; (adj, n) isolated, alone; (adv) lonesomely, solely, solitarily. ANTONYMS: (adj) sheltered, populous, cheerful, nearby; (n) foe long: (v) yearn, desire, hanker, languish, ache, wish; (adj, n) extensive; (n, v) hunger; (adj) extended, lengthy; (n) length. ANTONYMS: (adj) short, brief,

The Sea-Gull concise longer: (adj) longest, better, lengest; (adv) farther; (n) yearner, thirster look: (n, v) gaze, aspect, figure; (adj, v) seem; (v) appear, expect; (n) appearance, expression, view, glance, guise. ANTONYMS: (v) back, study; (n) perusal looking: (n) face, sensing, aspect, approximation, appearance, watching, outlook; (v) look at, examine; (adv) about; (adj) superficial looks: (n) aspect, countenance, expression, manner, complexion, fashion, costume, garb lose: (v) drop, forfeit, mislay, miss, sacrifice, fall behind, fail, to lose, forget, clear, hurt. ANTONYMS: (v) find, secure, recover, earn, obtain, acquire, get, win, beat, keep, succeed lost: (adj, v) forlorn, extinct, gone, missing, helpless; (adj) hopeless, bewildered, forgotten, disoriented, broken; (n) loss. ANTONYMS: (adj) present, found, existing, won, saved, aware lotto: (n) keno, beano, reversis, monte, old maid, squeezers, nap, poker, board game, fright, loto loud: (adj) flashy, garish, gaudy, blatant, brassy, boisterous, high, jazzy, brazen, piercing; (adj, adv) forte. ANTONYMS: (adj) tasteful, gentle, quiet, subtle, subdued, low, muted, weak, tranquil, thin; (adv) softly loudly: (adv) vociferously, noisily, loud, clamorously, showily, strongly, flamboyantly, obstreperously, luridly, boisterously; (adj, adv) forte. ANTONYMS: (adv) softly, thinly, silently, piano, pleasantly love: (n) desire, fondness, affection, dear, liking, benevolence, charity, honey, devotion; (v) enjoy; (n, v) worship. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dislike; (n) abhorrence, hatred, aversion, detestation, detachment, indifference; (v) abhor; (adv) roughly loved: (adj) beloved, pet, cherished, precious, liked, adored, respected, treasured, esteemed, valued; (n) darling. ANTONYM: (adj) hated lovely: (adj) beautiful, charming, lovable, enchanting, delightful, handsome, alluring, elegant, endearing, gorgeous; (adv) comely. ANTONYMS: (adj) unpleasant,

hideous, ugly, unattractive, horrifying, horrid, unappealing, repellent, detestable, dreadful, awkward loving: (adj) fond, devoted, amorous, kind, friendly, ardent, attached, admiring, gentle, fatherly; (adj, v) tender. ANTONYMS: (adj) cold, uncaring, malicious, cruel, unloving, rough, paternal, indifferent, distant, disapproving, callous lower: (adj, v) debase, frown, abase, scowl; (adj, n, v) degrade, diminish, humble; (v) dip, drop, cut; (adj, n) inferior. ANTONYMS: (v) raise, improve, glorify, augment, straighten, upgrade, uplift; (adj) higher, senior, over, superior lowered: (adj) lower, reduced, cheap, bated, humbled. ANTONYM: (adj) raised luck: (n) fortune, fate, accident, destiny, hazard, lot, advantage, providence, portion, happiness; (n, v) chance. ANTONYM: (n) design lucky: (adj, n) auspicious, happy, favored; (adj) favorable, prosperous, propitious, successful, favourable, flourishing, fortuitous; (n) fortune. ANTONYMS: (adj) unlucky, hapless, unfortunate, unsuccessful, disadvantaged, inauspicious, underprivileged, unenviable, unsatisfactory lunatic: (n) madman, maniac, bedlamite; (adj) insane, foolish, moonstruck, mad, mental, deranged, idiotic; (adj, n) madcap. ANTONYM: (adj) sensible lunch: (v) dine, eat, take tea, sup; (n) luncheon, tiffin, meal, dinner, dejeuner, brunch, noon lurid: (adj) ghastly, grisly, gruesome, loud, frightful, sharp, shocking, gaudy, sensational, hideous, horrific. ANTONYMS: (adj) subtle, muted, bland, dull, modest lying: (adj) false, deceptive, mendacious, untrue, misleading, fraudulent; (n) lie, falsehood, fabrication, deceit, dishonesty. ANTONYMS: (n) honesty, truthfulness; (adj) truthful madam: (n) dame, lady, ma'am, gentlewoman, missis, Mrs, brothel keeper, madames, signora, female, bawd madame: (n) ma'am, dame, lady, Mrs, woman, mistress, adult female, Grande dame, gentlewoman, brothel keeper, bawd madly: (adv) insanely, furiously,

Anton Chekhov sorely, frantically, wildly, devilishly, deadly, dementedly, foolishly, distractedly; (adj, adv) rabidly. ANTONYMS: (adv) sensibly, calmly, sanely, carefully; (adj) slightly madman: (n) bedlamite, maniac, crazy, loony, nut, madcap, looney, loco, sufferer, raver, nutcase magazine: (n) periodical, cartridge, newspaper, entrepot, clip, mag, book, comic, depository, arsenal; (n, v) store magnificent: (adj) imposing, brilliant, splendid, grandiose, superb, elegant; (adj, n) grand, excellent, gorgeous, illustrious, glorious. ANTONYMS: (adj) awful, ridiculous, unimpressive, humble, inglorious, modest, meager, unattractive, boring, unexceptional, humdrum magnificently: (adv) beautifully, grandly, superbly, gloriously, majestically, gorgeously, sumptuously, marvelously, wonderfully, fantastically, showily. ANTONYMS: (adv) poorly, modestly, badly, abysmally, simply, meagerly, incompetently maid: (n) damsel, chambermaid, lass, lassie, girl, domestic, amah, virgin, maiden, housemaid, handmaid maiden: (n) maid, girl, demoiselle, damosel, wench, fille, lass, miss; (adj) first, initiatory, unmarried maidservant: (n) handmaid, chambermaid, amah, housemaid, handmaiden, biddy, domestic, cleaning woman, girl, charwoman, slavey mail: (n, v) armor, shield; (v) send, get off, remit, habergeon; (n) hauberk, coat of mail, chain mail, mailing; (adj) postal. ANTONYM: (v) keep making: (n) creation, construction, production, fabrication, manufacture, cartography, devising, fashioning, manufacturing, formation; (v) to make. ANTONYMS: (n) undoing, destruction manage: (n, v) direct, govern, guide; (v) do, administer, cope, accomplish, deal, work, arrange, lead. ANTONYMS: (v) fail, lose, bungle manager: (n) head, executive, coach, leader, administrator, superior, boss, governor, supervisor, chief, handler. ANTONYMS: (n) worker, inferior, subordinate

manuscript: (n, v) writing; (n) book, handwriting, record, copy, text, document, Ms, holograph, transcript, palimpsest marriage: (adj, n) bridal, nuptial; (n) matrimony, espousal, union, wedlock, intermarriage, alliance, coupling; (n, v) match; (v) marry. ANTONYM: (n) separation marry: (n, v) wed, espouse; (v) get married, link, conjoin, wive, splice, tie, unite, couple; (n) marriage. ANTONYMS: (v) divorce, separate, split marrying: (adj) married marsh: (n) quagmire, bog, swamp, morass, marish, pool, wash, marshland, mire, swampland, sump marvel: (n, v) wonder; (n) prodigy, curiosity, phenomenon, amazement, miracle, portent, marl, surprise, admiration; (v) admire. ANTONYMS: (v) disregard; (n) nightmare marvellous: (adj) fantastic, extraordinary, terrific, tremendous, wondrous, marvelous, wonderful, tall, miraculous, improbable, thumping mask: (n, v) cover, veil, hide, conceal, disguise, screen, camouflage; (v) dissemble; (n) guise, blind, curtain. ANTONYMS: (v) unmask, enhance, reinforce, reveal, expose, amplify masterpiece: (adj, n) tour de force; (n) achievement, chef d'oeuvre, standard, model, paragon, creation; (adj) prime, pick, nonpareil, nonesuch match: (n, v) mate, meet, pair, fellow; (v) agree, harmonise, accord, correspond, harmonize; (adj, n, v) parallel; (n) peer. ANTONYMS: (v) contradict, conflict, disagree, jar, differ; (n) difference material: (n) matter, body, cloth; (adj) corporal, substantial, bodily, corporeal, concrete, physical, important, real. ANTONYMS: (adj) insubstantial, immaterial, incorporeal, insignificant, unimportant, abstract, heavenly, intangible, ethereal matter: (n) business, substance, issue, material, affair, concern, incident, article, subject; (n, v) case; (adj, n) import maupassant: (n) guy de Maupassant maxim: (adj, n) aphorism, adage; (n) byword, apothegm, rule, saying, principle, proverb, motto, gnome; (n, v) saw

119 mean: (adj, n) middle, low, contemptible, average, medium, common; (v) design; (n, v) imply, denote; (adj) ignoble, hateful. ANTONYMS: (adj) generous, kind, extravagant, charitable, luxurious, rich, expansive, extreme, great; (n) maximum, minimum meaning: (n) intent, gist, implication, design, essence, consequence, significance, content, intention, connotation, aim. ANTONYM: (n) triviality means: (n) instrument, agency, income, assets, manner, funds, capital, channel, property, resource, resources. ANTONYM: (n) poverty meant: (adj) destined, implied, sincere, preordained, intentional, predestined; (v) intend, designate measure: (n) amount, criterion, extent, measurement, estimate, degree, beat, benchmark, quantity, meter; (n, v) act. ANTONYMS: (v) guess, estimate medallion: (n) laurels, decoration, laurel wreath, locket, pendant, palm, ribbon, bay wreath, badge, accolade medicine: (n) drug, medication, medicament, therapy, physic, treatment, remedy, cathartic, medical science, preparation; (v) medicate meditate: (n, v) muse; (v) contemplate, consider, cogitate, reflect, speculate, wonder, ruminate, ponder, think, bethink meet: (v) find, converge, assemble, gather, fulfill, congregate, answer, cross, confront, intersect; (adv, v) encounter. ANTONYMS: (v) diverge, disperse, separate, part, leave, differ, disband meeting: (n) confluence, convention, concourse, assembly, conference, congress, council, meet, caucus, appointment, junction. ANTONYMS: (n) parting, trough melancholic: (n) melancholiac; (adj) gloomy, atrabilious, dejected, melancholy, forlorn, mournful, sorrowful; (v) lachrymose, in tears, splenetic. ANTONYMS: (adj) happy, cheerful melancholy: (adj, v) dreary; (adj, n) gloom, melancholic; (adj) depressed, dejected, dismal, gloomy, doleful; (n, v) low spirits; (n) gloominess, depression. ANTONYMS: (n) happiness, cheerfulness, hopefulness, optimism; (adj) happy, bright, cheery, satisfied

120 melodrama: (n) excitement, melodrame, soap opera, romance melt: (v) dissolve, deliquesce, vanish, coalesce, relent, meld, fade, defrost; (adj, v) run, liquefy; (n, v) thaw. ANTONYMS: (v) freeze, solidify, cool, set melting: (n) thawing, fusion, melt, dissolution, warming, thaw, liquefaction, fusion range; (adj) liquescent, pathetic; (adj, n) dissolving memories: (n) recollections, reminiscences, nostalgia, memento Mori mental: (adj) ideal, psychic, inner, subjective, spiritual, psychical, psychological, insane, genial, cerebral, psychotic. ANTONYMS: (adj) physical, bodily, sane mentally: (adv) spiritually, psychologically, rationally, ideally, innerly, psychically, lunatically, subjectively, madly, spiritual, inwardly. ANTONYMS: (adv) emotionally, physically mention: (n, v) comment, name, remark, call, hint; (v) cite, observe, commend; (n) allusion, citation, reference. ANTONYM: (v) conceal merely: (adj, adv) only, barely, purely, simply, exclusively; (adv) but, absolutely, entirely, simplely, completely, unmixedly. ANTONYM: (adv) intensely might: (n) power, energy, ability, influence, strength, puissance, vehemence, intensity; (v) may, can, could. ANTONYMS: (n) weakness, feebleness, meekness mighty: (adj) immense, huge, grand, intense, high, big, forcible, strong, large, great; (adj, adv) powerful. ANTONYMS: (adj) puny, tiny, weak, insignificant mile: (n) MI, nautical mile, land mile, knot, Swedish mile, international nautical mile, Admiralty mile, air mile, geographical mile, Roman mile; (v) furlong miles: (adj) far miller: (n) Henry miller, moth miller, machine tool, Henry valentine miller, grain miller, Glenn miller, craftsman, artisan, artificer, Arthur miller, Alton Glenn miller millet: (n) broomcorn millet, grain, hog millet, Panicum miliaceum, kurakkan, miliary, cereal grass, food grain, coracan, corakan, stem of maize million: (n) meg, myriad, one

The Sea-Gull thousand thousand, heap, large integer, mint mind: (n, v) intellect, notice, regard; (v) care, look, attend, beware, keep, listen, look after; (n) disposition. ANTONYMS: (v) forget, neglect, disregard, disobey, Miss, ignore; (n) emotion, inattention; (adj) physical mine: (adj, v) excavate, sap; (n) excavation, pit, fund, land mine, vein; (v) exploit, burrow; (adj) my, delve minute: (n, v) note; (adj) little, delicate, microscopic, small, atomic; (n) jiffy, flash, moment, second, memorandum. ANTONYMS: (adj) huge, big, gigantic, significant, cursory, immeasurable, tremendous, important, colossal, giant, large minutes: (n) record, transactions, records, memorandum, journal, minute, report, proceeding, legal proceeding, judicial proceeding, Hansard miserable: (adj, v) forlorn, wretched, unhappy; (adj) mean, low, abject, deplorable, downcast, bad, desolate; (adj, adv) meager. ANTONYMS: (adj) happy, generous, cheerful, cheery, bright, fortunate, hopeful, jubilant, luxurious, overjoyed, heavenly misery: (adj, n) grief; (n, v) distress; (n) affliction, agony, anguish, woe, hardship, evil, ill, infelicity, suffering. ANTONYMS: (n) joy, ecstasy, cheerfulness, fun, hopefulness, peace, contentment, pleasure, wealth, sport, cheer misfortune: (n) accident, hardship, misadventure, disaster, calamity, mischance, catastrophe, mishap, bad luck, misery, affliction. ANTONYMS: (n) joy, bonus, opportunity, privilege, success, happiness miss: (v) lose, fail, jump, omit, overlook, long, forget; (n) maid, girl; (adj, v) fault; (n, v) want. ANTONYMS: (v) perceive, attend, achieve, have, succeed, hit, make, see, find, take; (n) success missed: (adj) lost, irretrievable, incomprehensible, bemused, confounded, befuddled, baffled, disoriented, helpless, at sea, bewildered mistake: (n, v) miss, blunder, err, slip; (n) failure, error, misconception, misapprehension, defect, demerit; (v) misapprehend. ANTONYMS: (v) appreciate,

distinguish, interpret mistress: (n) dame, concubine, madame, inamorata, lady, lover, fancy woman, doxy, girl, kept woman, missis moans: (adj) moaning mock: (adj, v) counterfeit; (n, v) ridicule, jeer, gibe, laugh at, flout; (adj, n, v) burlesque, sham; (v) mimic, ape, taunt. ANTONYMS: (adj) real, natural; (v) praise, applaud, respect, approve mockingly: (adv) jeeringly, sneeringly, ironically, derisorily, scornfully, sarcastically, satirically, mockly, scoffingly, sardonically, gibingly modern: (adj) new, fashionable, late, advanced, current, latest, recent, novel, present, contemporary, stylish. ANTONYMS: (adj) ancient, antiquated, traditional, prehistoric, conservative, neurotic, primordial, past, stale, dated moment: (n, v) consequence, weight; (adj, n) instant; (n) flash, jiffy, minute, import, second, time, bit, hour. ANTONYMS: (n) inconsequence, age, triviality money: (n) currency, capital, kale, funds, means, lucre, assets, legal tender, pelf, cash, dough monopoly: (n) limitation, impropriation, exclusive possession, retention, monopolization, control, cartel, business, industry, board game, iron grip monotonous: (adj) dull, flat, boring, dreary, tedious, insipid, monotone, monotonic; (adj, v) dry, uninteresting, stupid. ANTONYMS: (adj) exciting, varied, stimulating, lively, exotic, enthralling, brilliant, flexible month: (n) calendar month, months, lunation, minute, hour, day, period, quarter, quinquennium, year, moonshine moon: (adj) lunar; (n) month, moonshine, satellite, moonlight, luck, lunar month, GHURRY, epoch, orb of night; (v) daydream moonlight: (adj, n) moonshine; (n) moonbeam, moonglade, occupation, lunation, lunar month, labor; (n, v) work; (v) pilfer, do work; (adj) moonshiny moral: (n) lesson, meaning; (adj) good, decent, right, honest, virtuous, proper, chaste, upright, righteous. ANTONYMS: (adj) bad, unwholesome, unethical, amoral,

Anton Chekhov decadent, wrong, unjust, sinful, irreverent, dishonorable, degenerate moralise: (v) moralize, preach, advocate, sermonise, preachify morning: (n) dawn, sunrise, morn, forenoon, daylight, first light, am, dayspring, aurora, cockcrow, dawning. ANTONYMS: (n) sunset, nighttime, nightfall mortally: (adv) lethally, deadly, pestilently, perniciously, extremely, humanly, grievously, poisonously, individually, killingly, dangerously. ANTONYM: (adv) mildly moscow: (n) capital of the Russian federation mother: (n) mamma, mommy, origin, mama, ma, mammy, mummy; (n, v) father; (v) engender, generate, beget mother-in-law: (n) grandmother mournfully: (adv) sadly, sorrowfully, glumly, woefully, unhappily, plaintively, grievously, funereally, dejectedly, dolorously, poignantly. ANTONYMS: (adv) cheerfully, joyfully mourning: (n) lament, lamentation, bereavement, gloom, woe, memorial, sorrowfulness, sadness, sorrow; (adj) grieving; (v) lamenting mouth: (n) lip, lips, aperture, edge, entrance, snout, entry; (n, v) grimace; (v) articulate, pronounce, speak move: (v) excite, go, affect, carry, touch, instigate, travel; (n, v) act, drive, transfer, maneuver. ANTONYMS: (v) stay, restore, refrain, remain, rest, withdraw, stop, repel, come, leave moved: (adj) affected, excited, touched, disordered, enthused, gone, tense, inspired, stimulated, overcome, interested. ANTONYM: (adj) uninspired movement: (n) move, action, campaign, crusade, activity, advancement, cause, passage, drive, drift, flow. ANTONYMS: (n) stillness, inertia, motionlessness, inactivity, retreat music: (n) melody, chorus, musical, sound, composition, monody, folk music, medicine, euphony, drumming, ballet mutter: (n, v) mumble, grumble, whisper; (v) growl, maunder, grouch, snarl, croak; (n) murmuration, grumbling, complaint myself: (pron) me, itself, herself, oneself, themselves, yourself; (n) I, yourselves; (adv) in person, for

myself, in my opinion. ANTONYMS: (adv) universally, generally mystery: (n) arcanum, enigma, mysteriousness, secrecy, puzzle, craft, perplexity, poser, inscrutability, whodunit; (adj, n) secret. ANTONYMS: (n) explanation, openness naive: (adj) inexperienced, unsophisticated, simple, ingenuous, naif, green, ignorant, gullible, natural, callow, guileless. ANTONYMS: (adj) experienced, worldly, cunning, mature, astute, sly, suspicious, wary, sharp, smart, shrewd naked: (adj, v) bare; (adj) nude, exposed, open, barren, raw, bleak, unclothed, defenseless, au naturel, defenceless. ANTONYMS: (adj) covered, concealed, hidden, dressed name: (v) appoint, describe, baptize, list, enumerate, identify, cite, mention; (n, v) title, entitle; (n) epithet. ANTONYMS: (n) nobody, indecency napoleon: (n) Polish bank, Napoleon I, Napoleon Bonaparte, lottery, lift smoke, connections, put, cassino, the little corporal, Bonaparte, blind hookey nationality: (n) nation, nationalism, patriotism, people, citizenship, civism, race, folk, public spirit, registry, position nature: (n) disposition, essence, quality, creation, breed, temperament, type, attribute; (adj, n) character, class, manner near: (adj, adv, v) close, at hand; (adv, prep) by, around, towards; (adj, v) familiar, adjoining, approximate; (adj, adv, prep) about; (adj, adv) almost; (adj) imminent. ANTONYMS: (adj) distant, far, further, actual, exact; (v) leave nearest: (adj) proximate, immediate, close, near, next, adjoining, intimate, direct, adjacent; (adj, adv) nighest; (adv) fore. ANTONYM: (adj) distant nearly: (adv) closely, intimately, nighly, virtually; (adj, adv, prep) about, just about; (adj, adv) near, all but, close, most; (adv, prep) approximately neatly: (adv) sprucely, tidily, cleanly, adroitly, precisely, smartly, tastefully, gracefully, properly, nattily; (adj, adv) dexterously. ANTONYMS: (adv) messily, shabbily, untidily, clumsily, loosely,

121 inelegantly, awkwardly necessity: (n) demand, need, lack, exigency, essential, compulsion, emergency, distress, must, constraint, necessary. ANTONYMS: (n) inessential, treat, unimportance, luxury neck: (n) cervix, nape, neckband, neckline, isthmus; (v) make out, pet, love, cut; (adj) stricture, middle constriction need: (adj, n, v) lack, want; (n, v) demand, desire, deficiency, must, destitution; (n) necessity, requirement; (v) require, claim. ANTONYMS: (v) obviate, dislike, have; (n) option, luxury, glut, unimportance, affluence, prosperity needed: (adj) essential, required, requisite, needful, indispensable, wanted, needing, needs, wanting, desired, want. ANTONYM: (adj) optional needs: (adv) inevitably, needfully, indispensably, by necessity, inescapably, of necessity, ineluctably; (n) must, requirement, necessity; (adj) needed neither: (conj) either, no-one, not either, nor, nother nerve: (n) cheek, audacity, boldness, brass, impudence, heart, mettle, daring, courage, face, fortitude. ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, timidity, reticence, respect nerves: (n) nervousness, jitters, jumpiness, jitteriness, restlessness, tension, strain, screaming meemies, apprehension, edginess, extreme nervousness. ANTONYM: (n) calm nervous: (adj) anxious, excitable, afraid, uneasy, shy, fearful, apprehensive, firm; (adj, v) tense; (adj, adv) cowardly, excited. ANTONYMS: (adj) brave, relaxed, bold, composed, confident, fearless, untroubled, unflappable, still, unconcerned, carefree never: (adv) ne'er, Nevers, always, not ever, by no means, at all times, not at all, not, NE. ANTONYMS: (adv) always, forever nevertheless: (adv, conj, prep) however, although; (adv, conj) but, yet, even; (adv) all the same, even so, though, anyway, anyhow; (adj, adv) still newspapers: (n) press, papers, the media, journalists, reporters next: (adj) nearest, adjacent, contiguous, following, future, coming, ensuing, after; (adv, conj)

122 then, afterward; (adj, v) subsequent. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) previous, previously, preceding; (adj) outgoing, distant; (adv) before nibble: (n, v) bite, nip, taste; (v) eat, munch, chew, browse, pick, gnaw, crunch, champ. ANTONYMS: (v) gobble, overeat, gulp, gorge nice: (adj) fastidious, dainty, fine, good, lovely, kind, likable, delicious, difficult, precise; (adj, n) neat. ANTONYMS: (adj) horrible, nasty, unlikable, rough, mean, loathsome, approximate, unsavory, unfriendly, inelegant, bad night: (n) dark, dusk, darkness, gloaming, twilight, nighttime, Nox, eventide, period; (adj) nocturnal, gloomy. ANTONYMS: (n) day, light, sunrise nightmare: (n) incubus, fantasy, terror, trial, air drawn dagger, bugbear, fancy, vision, fear, horror, situation. ANTONYM: (n) reality nights: (adj) nightly; (n) night nine: (n) niner, club, ball club, baseball club, ennead, Nina from Carolina, three times three, ten, nightspot, clubhouse, queen nineteen: (adj, n) XIX; (n) large integer ninety: (adj, n) xc; (n) large integer nobility: (n) aristocracy, greatness, dignity, lord, noblesse, magnanimousness, baronage, gentry, nobleman; (adj) generosity; (adj, n) magnanimity. ANTONYM: (n) baseness noble: (adj, n) grand, glorious, patrician; (adj) imposing, impressive, elevated, majestic, generous, high; (adj, v) dignified, great. ANTONYMS: (adj) shameful, humble, dishonorable, lowly, lowborn, disgraceful, unimpressive, ignoble, modest, petty; (n) lady nobody: (n) cipher, naught, zero, nil, nothing, nonentity, cypher, zip, whippersnapper, none; (n, pron) no one. ANTONYMS: (n) celebrity, notable, somebody; (pron) everyone, anyone, everybody noise: (n, v) clatter, echo; (n) clamor, hubbub, racket, sound, disturbance, uproar, din, buzz, clang. ANTONYMS: (n) silence, quiet, quietness, sense none: (n) nought, naught, nobody, zilch, anything; (adv) not, neither, any; (adj) whatsoever, no, whatever nonentity: (n) nobody, cipher, nothing, naught, cypher, nil,

The Sea-Gull nonexistence, aught, zero, jackanapes, lightweight nonsense: (n) bosh, absurdity, humbug, balderdash, foolishness, drivel, folderol, baloney, falderal, jargon, claptrap. ANTONYMS: (n) sense, wisdom, substance, fact noon: (n) high noon, noonday, noontide, afternoon, hour, dinnertime, crest, twelve noon; (adj) meridian, meridional; (adj, n) culmination note: (n, v) comment, mind, remark, mention, heed, mark, look, report; (n) indication, annotation; (v) detect. ANTONYMS: (v) disregard; (n) disgrace, invoice notes: (n) data, commentary, currency, paper, comments, remarks, annotation, information, ready money, observations, newspaper nothing: (adv, n) naught; (adj, n) nil, null; (n) nobody, cipher, nihil, nonentity, trifle, nix, aught, cypher. ANTONYMS: (pron) anything, everything, some; (n) all nothingness: (n) nothing, void, nullity, nihility, emptiness, insignificance, nonentity, blankness, vacuum, cipher; (adj) nonbeing. ANTONYMS: (n) being, importance, significance notice: (n, v) note, mind, regard; (n) advertisement, information, declaration, attention; (adj, v) look, attend; (v) find, detect. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore, overlook, Miss; (n) ignorance, inattention, appointment, unconsciousness novel: (adj) fresh, curious, modern, unprecedented, different, original, newfangled, recent, strange; (n) fiction, romance. ANTONYMS: (adj) traditional, hackneyed, stale, unoriginal, familiar nursed: (adj) care, suckled nursing: (n) attention, tending, care, breast feeding, treatment, nurture, suckling, nurse, feeding, treat, rearing oaks: (n) beech family, Castanopsis, Nothofagus, Lithocarpus, genus Quercus, Genera Castanea, family Fagaceae, Fagus, Fagaceae, chestnuts oats: (n) Avena, grain, millet, cereal, cereal grass, common oats, genus Avena, Haver, holder, maize, buckwheat object: (n) cause, intent, meaning, mark, subject, objective, substance;

(n, v) aim, end, intention; (v) except. ANTONYMS: (v) agree, approve, praise; (n) notion oblivion: (n) limbo, Lethe, void, absolution, forgiveness, obliviousness, silence, remission, pardon; (n, v) amnesty; (adj) nonbeing. ANTONYMS: (n) consciousness, fame obstinate: (adj) obdurate, inflexible, intractable, determined, inveterate, disobedient, willful, stubborn, contrary, wayward, dogged. ANTONYMS: (adj) flexible, amenable, irresolute, cooperative, easygoing, docile, biddable, agreeable, accommodating, malleable, gentle obstructed: (adj) blind, blocked, congested, impeded, impedite, foiled, tight, thwarted, stymied, frustrated, impassable. ANTONYM: (adj) unobstructed obtained: (adj) fulfilled, derivative occur: (v) happen, come, fall, befall, betide, chance, be, materialize, develop, come up, appear. ANTONYM: (v) disappear o'clock: (n) period, hours octave: (n) tetrachord, stanza, church festival, interval, musical interval odious: (adj, v) hateful, obnoxious; (adj) detestable, hideous, nasty, execrable, disgusting, abhorrent, abominable, heinous, forbidding. ANTONYMS: (adj) pleasant, delightful, agreeable, lovable, nice often: (adj, adv) oft; (adv) much, again and again, repeatedly, ofttimes, oftentimes, many times, always, commonly, again; (adj) frequent. ANTONYMS: (adv) seldom, infrequently, never once: (adv, n) formerly; (adv) before, ever, previously, one time, at one time, already, erst; (adj, adv) erstwhile; (adj) former; (n) whilom. ANTONYM: (adv) future oneself: (n) herself, himself, themselves, personal, private, selfness, self, yourself, me, person, own onto: (prep) upon; (v) follow; (adj) surjective open: (adj, n) frank, candid; (adj, n, v) clear; (adj) obvious, exposed, artless, free, honest, guileless, forthright, naked. ANTONYMS: (adj, v) shut; (v) close, end; (adj) devious, secretive, concealed, furtive, restricted, limited, reserved, secret opened: (adj) candid, exposed, overt,

Anton Chekhov agaze, blatant, blazing, clear, through, conspicuous; (v) distended, blown opening: (n) gap, break, aperture, beginning, door, commencement, entrance, hole, occasion, cleft; (adj, n) preliminary. ANTONYMS: (adj) final, last; (adj, n) closing; (n) exit, finale, finish, ending, shutting, postscript, conclusion openly: (adv) frankly, publicly, clearly, candidly, directly, straightforwardly, evidently, publically, plainly, outspokenly; (adj, adv) manifestly. ANTONYMS: (adv) furtively, secretively, clandestinely, mysteriously, ambiguously, reticently, covertly, discreetly, affectedly, craftily, deceitfully opera: (n) opera house, bouffe, drama, or movie script, opera bouffe, operetta, theater, script, dramatic work, dramatic composition, theatre opinion: (adj, n, v) judgment, feeling, notion; (n) idea, belief, conjecture, advice, guess, impression, view; (n, v) meaning orator: (n) elocutionist, speechmaker, speaker, lecturer, Cicero, speechifier, demagog, demagogue, eulogist; (v) oratrix, oratress order: (n, v) command, direct, decree, dictate, sort, rank, array, commission, charge; (n) instruction, edict. ANTONYMS: (n, v) request; (n) mayhem, confusion, chaos, mess, anarchy, disorderliness, disarray; (v) disturb, deregulate, supply ordered: (adj) regular, arranged, methodical, trim, orderly, lawful, logical, consistent, coherent, commanded, organized. ANTONYMS: (adj) disordered, disarranged, inconsistent orders: (n) holy orders, information, preparation, remit, briefing, guidelines ordinary: (adj, n, v) customary, usual; (adj) middling, mediocre, average, normal, everyday; (adj, n) familiar, accustomed, habitual; (adj, v) general. ANTONYMS: (adj) unusual, strange, peculiar, outstanding, incredible, special, famous, distinguished, abnormal, particular, exotic origin: (n, v) lineage; (n) birth, beginning, descent, base, source, well, commencement, extraction, derivation, foundation.

ANTONYMS: (n) demise, conclusion, culmination, effect others: (n) rest, cessation, lie, lave, LAN, ease, acquiesce, intermission ought: (n, v) need; (v) had better, should, have, possessed, owned, owed, behoove; (n) aught, zero, duty ourselves: (pron) myself, herself, itself, oneself, themselves, yourself; (n) me, yourselves, usself outrageously: (adv) disgracefully, scandalously, preposterously, shockingly, exorbitantly, ridiculously, shamefully, extortionately, nastily, excessively, crazily. ANTONYMS: (adv) admirably, sensibly, politely, calmly, modestly, commendably outside: (adv) outdoors, alfresco, out of doors; (n, prep) exterior; (adj, prep) external; (adj) outdoor, foreign, outer, extraneous, remote, outward. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv, n, prep) inside; (adj) indoor, internal, likely, strong; (prep) in, within; (adv) indoors; (adj, n) interior ovation: (n) acclamation, acclaim, cheering, clapping, jubilee, celebration, commemoration, triumph, paean, cheer, recognition overcoat: (n) greatcoat, coat, cloak, robe, topcoat, surcoat, coating, overcoating, capote, chesterfield, gown overcome: (v) crush, subdue, beat, vanquish, overpower, master, defeat, hurdle, get over, overwhelm; (adj) beaten. ANTONYMS: (v) fail, lose, comfort, protect, resist, surrender, capitulate; (adj) unimpressed overjoyed: (adj) jubilant, joyful, happy, elated, ecstatic, transported, exultant, pleased, enchanted, proud, gleeful. ANTONYMS: (adj) heartbroken, disappointed, depressed, down, dejected, miserable, unhappy, desolate owing: (adj) due, unpaid, unsettled, outstanding, overdue, owed, payable, undischarged, indebted, fulfilling obligation, lawful. ANTONYM: (adj) settled pack: (n, v) crowd, bundle, bunch, load; (n) herd, company, bevy, batch; (v) heap, compress, jam. ANTONYMS: (v) unpack, unload, disperse, empty, loosen packed: (adj) full, compact, filled, jammed, overcrowded, crammed, dense, thick, congested, teeming,

123 cramped. ANTONYMS: (adj) deserted, loose, open packing: (n) boxing, package, gasket, bundling, fill, pad, pack, envelopment, wadding, wrap, backpacking page: (n) footboy, waiter, attendant, boy, note, bellhop, pageboy, folio, varlet; (v) paginate, summon painter: (n) artist, colorist, landscapist, impressionist, miniaturist, dauber, halser, Felis concolor, guy, cable, hawser pale: (adj) faint, wan, dull, weak, light, bloodless, pallid; (adj, v) dim; (n) boundary, confine; (v) blanch. ANTONYMS: (adj) strong, rosy, brown, well, glowing, vivid, healthy, clear, colorful; (v) redden, darken pangs: (n) anguish, compunction, contrition, distress papa: (n) father, pa, daddy, Dada, sire, pappa, pop, old man, paterfamilias, cardinal, high priest paper: (n) article, newspaper, discourse, newsprint, publication, journal, essay, periodical, report, magazine, certificate papers: (n) paper, documents, document, credentials, identification, newspaper, credential, inclosure, copyright, confession, charter parasol: (n) sunshade, canopy, awning, umbrella, marquee, beach umbrella, shade, cover, tilt, tent pardon: (v) excuse, condone, forgive, acquit, spare; (n) amnesty, forgiveness, grace; (adj, v) justify, exonerate, exculpate. ANTONYMS: (n, v) blame; (v) punish, castigate, condemn, convict; (n) intolerance park: (v) deposit, locate, set, place, put; (n) parking lot, common, parkland, green, arena, orchard part: (adj, n) constituent; (n) piece, article, section; (v) break, disjoin, divide, divorce; (n, v) branch, division, character. ANTONYMS: (n) whole, entirety; (v) join, unite, meet, arrive, connect; (adv) wholly particular: (n) detail, item; (adj) fastidious, fussy, finicky, exact, individual, careful, definite, delicate, detailed. ANTONYMS: (adj) careless, easy, vague, ordinary, collective, generalized, slapdash, universal, strong, normal, indeterminate parts: (n) faculty, nous, quick parts, sagacity, wit, surroundings; (adj)

124 ingenuity, cleverness, capacity, turn, talents pass: (adj, n, v) run; (v) flow, give, deliver, lead, happen, overtake, proceed; (adj, v) move; (n, v) offer, live. ANTONYMS: (v) reject, make, take, veto; (n) failing, rejection, exclusion passed: (adj) accepted, approved, legal, gone passion: (n) affection, fire, fervor, love, feeling, anger, enthusiasm, heat, craving, desire; (n, v) ardor. ANTONYMS: (n) apathy, hate, serenity, meekness, hatred, doubt, dislike, calmness, moderation passionately: (adv) fervently, vehemently, violently, fiercely, eagerly, zealously, fervidly, fierily, enthusiastically, heatedly, stormily. ANTONYMS: (adv) mildly, apathetically, calmly, halfheartedly, impassively, jokingly, gently passport: (n) permit, instrument, protection, identification, warrant, safeguard, method, means, license, device, key past: (n) history, yesterday; (adj, adv, prep) beyond; (adj) former, bygone, old, prior, over, gone by; (adv) before; (adv, pref) along. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) future, present; (prep) within; (adj) current, contemporary, modern, upcoming, following, subsequent, later; (n) prospect paths: (n) path patience: (n) endurance, fortitude, longanimity, equanimity, tolerance, resignation, restraint, composure, sufferance; (n, v) moderation, calmness. ANTONYMS: (n) impatience, eagerness, intolerance, annoyance pause: (n, v) halt, interruption, adjournment, delay, respite, stop; (adj, n, v) rest; (n) intermission, gap; (adj, v) discontinue; (v) hesitate. ANTONYMS: (n) decisiveness, continuation, start; (v) proceed peace: (adj, n) calm, quiet; (n) harmony, hush, repose, ease, amity, agreement, rest, pacification, order. ANTONYMS: (n) noise, chaos, conflict, uproar, commotion, agitation, war, distress, suffering, disruption, turbulence peasant: (n) farmer, churl, bucolic, countryman, clown, cottar, cotter, hind, provincial, rustic, muzjik peevish: (adj) fretful, fractious, morose, testy, irascible, moody,

The Sea-Gull captious, petulant, cross, cantankerous, touchy penniless: (adj) indigent, needy, poor, destitute, moneyless, broke, miserable, impoverished, insolvent, penurious, hard up. ANTONYMS: (adj) solvent, wealthy, affluent penny: (n) change, coin, centime, copper, groat, subunit, money, mite, doit, small change, denomination pension: (n) allowance, payment, stipend, boarding house, emolument, endowment, guesthouse, lodging, retirement pension, retirement; (v) retire perch: (adj, n, v) roost; (v) light, settle, sit, alight, squat, land; (adj, v) lodge, abide, dwell; (n) pole perfect: (adj, n, v) consummate, complete; (adj, n) absolute, full, entire; (adj) exact, utter, thorough, faultless, integral, exquisite. ANTONYMS: (adj) flawed, faulty, wrong, inferior, misshapen, incorrect, defective, used, everyday, unhappy, partial perfectly: (adj, adv) entirely; (adv) fully, thoroughly, consummately, utterly, flawlessly, absolutely, purely, totally, faultlessly, wholly. ANTONYMS: (adv) badly, imperfectly, incorrectly, wrong, inaccurately, partially, partly, poorly, unpleasantly, wrongly performance: (n) discharge, execution, fulfillment, observance, accomplishment, operation, implementation; (n, v) action, achievement, deed, efficiency. ANTONYM: (n) omission perhaps: (adv) mayhap, perchance, peradventure, possibly, probably, conceivably, by chance, haply, if, presumably; (n) might. ANTONYM: (adv) certainly permit: (adj, n, v) give, allow, consent; (adj, v) grant; (n, v) license, leave; (v) admit, let, bear; (n) licence, permission. ANTONYMS: (n, v) ban; (v) prevent, prohibit, stop, refuse, veto, outlaw, disagree, debar, bar; (n) prohibition persevere: (v) persist, continue, endure, abide, go on, hang on, hold on, follow, keep, remain, pursue. ANTONYMS: (v) surrender, stop, quit person: (n) individual, human, man, mortal, character, soul, human being, being, creature, body; (n, v) party personality: (n) person, nature,

identity, celebrity, character, temperament, disposition, characteristic, essence, individualism, public figure. ANTONYM: (n) nobody personally: (adv) privately, in person, intimately, directly, specially, confidentially, secretly, self, oneself, subjectively, particularly. ANTONYMS: (adv) impersonally, indirectly, objectively, collectively, distantly, generally, universally persons: (n) folk, public, society, world persuade: (v) convince, coax, assure, allure, entice, influence, induce, cajole, argue, exhort, lure. ANTONYMS: (v) discourage, dissuade, deter, restrain, force peter: (n) Dick, prick, pecker, calamus, bill, beam of light, beam, beak, barb, asshole, bastard petty: (adj) insignificant, trivial, little, frivolous, paltry, puny, negligible, light, mean, minute, exiguous. ANTONYMS: (adj) important, serious, generous, profound, significant, expansive, crucial, considerable, broadminded, enormous philosopher: (n) thinker, bacon, libertarian, gymnosophist, empiricist, necessitarian, moralist, theorist, wisdom, pundit, mechanist philosophise: (v) philosophize, cogitate, cerebrate philosophy: (n) ethics, logic, theory, ideology, literalism, monism, metaphysics, etiology, esthetics, axiology; (adj, n) stoicism phlegmatic: (adj) indifferent, listless, stolid, unconcerned, phlegmatical, lethargic, passive, inert, nonchalant, cold, careless. ANTONYM: (adj) demonstrative photograph: (n, v) film; (n) picture, image, photo, likeness, print, portrait, copy, pic; (v) snap, shoot piano: (adj) soft, gentle, indulgent, lax; (n) grand piano, pianissimo, softness, upright piano, mechanical piano; (adv) quietly, gently picked: (adj) select, chosen, best, recherche, rare, priceless, preferred, pointed, elected, named; (v) choose picking: (n) option, selection, alternative, gathering, collection, choice, harvesting, leavings, collecting, indefinite quantity; (v) choose piece: (n) fragment, division, part,

Anton Chekhov article, lump, hunk, composition, component, opus; (n, v) patch, portion. ANTONYMS: (n) whole, chunk; (v) disassemble pieces: (n) debris, trash pig-headed: (adj) stubborn, obstinate, opinionated, obdurate, perverse, willful, dogged, contumacious, intractable pillow: (v) rest, breathe, lie, not move; (adj) wadding; (n) throw pillow, Wanger, bed pillow, feather bed, long pillow, padding pious: (adj, n, v) devout; (adj, n) godly; (adj) religious, holy, saintly, devotional, pure, hypocritical, devoted, sanctimonious; (adj, v) earnest. ANTONYMS: (adj) impious, sinful, profane, blasphemous, irreligious, uncommitted, secular, irreverent pitiful: (adj, n) abject; (adj) pathetic, lamentable, piteous, contemptible, miserable, distressing, mean, wretched, poor, sad. ANTONYMS: (adj) generous, heartwarming, admirable, cheerful, fine, happy, impressive pity: (n, v) compassion, ruth; (n) mercy, commiseration, condolence, sympathy, clemency, remorse; (v) sympathize, compassionate, feel sorry for. ANTONYMS: (n) blame, cruelty, indifference, harshness, joy placard: (n) sign, card, poster, advertisement, notice, handbill, posting, broadside, tablet; (v) advertise, post place: (n, v) post, order; (v) fix, lay, arrange, locate, install; (adj, n, v) rank, station; (n) domicile, office. ANTONYMS: (v) remove, divest, lift, dismantle placed: (adj) situated, laid, set, positioned, arranged, fixed, sited, collocate, determined, dictated, hardened places: (n) chairs, seating, spaces plagued: (adj) overrun, inundated, snowed under, beleaguered, weighed down, obsessed, besieged, beset, overwhelmed plain: (adj) ordinary, comprehensible, intelligible, apparent, manifest, obvious, clear, simple; (adj, n) flat, homely, humble. ANTONYMS: (adj) elaborate, unclear, multicolored, mottled, ornate, concealed, attractive, confused, fussy, obscure, patterned planned: (adj) deliberate, intentional, calculated, designed, aforethought,

scheduled, premeditated, plotted, prepared, future, studied. ANTONYMS: (adj) spontaneous, unplanned, ingenuous, accidental play: (n, v) act, frolic, pastime, game, sport, exercise, joke, bet, wager; (v) enact; (adj, v) perform. ANTONYMS: (n) tightness; (v) avoid, leave, real players: (n) cast list, company, dramatis personae, group of actors, side, squad playing: (n) personation, pitching, performing, hamming, golfing, byplay, enactment, bowling, playacting, portrayal; (adj) playful pleasant: (adj) jolly, amiable, agreeable, acceptable, nice, charming, kindly, facetious, joyful, pretty; (adj, v) pleasing. ANTONYMS: (adj) disgusting, horrible, repugnant, nasty, gruesome, unwelcome, harsh, shocking, disagreeable, foul, terrible please: (v) delight, charm, amuse, entertain, oblige, enchant, enrapture; (adj, v) gratify, enjoy, like; (adj) glad. ANTONYMS: (v) displease, annoy, irritate, anger, distress, sicken, disappoint, dissatisfy, sadden, repel, appall pleased: (adj) contented, glad, delighted, content, joyful, thankful, gratified, appreciative, overjoyed, cheerful; (adj, v) elated. ANTONYMS: (adj) unhappy, annoyed, angry, worried, ashamed, disappointed, frustrated, sad, unsatisfied, ungrateful, uncomplimentary pleasure: (n) fun, enjoyment, delectation, joy, comfort, happiness, mirth, inclination; (n, v) contentment, content; (adj, n, v) gratification. ANTONYMS: (n) irritation, nuisance, boredom, ache, displeasure, dissatisfaction, misery, pain, sadness, worry, anguish plucked: (v) ploughed; (adj) pulled, unfeathered, featherless, moulting, pilled plus: (adj, n) extra; (adv) more, in addition; (n) advantage, asset, gain, addition, increase; (adj) additional; (adv, prep) as well as; (conj, prep) in addition to. ANTONYMS: (adj, n, prep) minus; (n) disadvantage, negative, liability, drawback; (prep) excluding pocket: (v) take, appropriate, steal, lift, catch; (n, v) sack, pouch; (n) cavity, hole, hollow; (adj) digest.

125 ANTONYM: (v) return poet: (n) singer, songster, elegist, author, Gilbert, maker, lyricist, muse, versifier; (adj) poet laureate, Shakespearean poetical: (adj) imaginative, rhetorical, poematic, figurative, inventive poetry: (n) verse, poesy, song, rhyme, style, poetics, epos, poems, stanza, doggerel, tuneful Nine point: (n, v) grade, head, nib, level, aim, degree; (n) peak, article, dot; (adj, n) edge; (v) direct. ANTONYM: (n) middle points: (n) turnout, handicap, interest, percentage, brownie points, commendation, credit, eight points, share, terms poor: (adj) bad, miserable, piteous, destitute, pitiful, insufficient, penniless, pathetic; (adj, v) meager; (adj, n) paltry, mean. ANTONYMS: (adj) wealthy, excellent, privileged, admirable, good, adequate, satisfactory, outstanding, favorable, dignified, comfortable position: (n, v) grade, locate, fix, lay, post, set, rank; (v) arrange; (n) attitude, condition, placement. ANTONYM: (v) dismiss possess: (adj, v) own; (v) hold, wield, occupy, bear, keep, enjoy, contain, retain, to have, maintain. ANTONYMS: (v) lack, remove possible: (adj) imaginable, likely, feasible, practicable, earthly, maybe, probable, practical, potential, tolerable, thinkable. ANTONYMS: (adj) unlikely, compulsory, actual, implausible, unrealistic, unattainable possibly: (adv) probably, perhaps, peradventure, likely, perchance, may, might, or, mayhap, conceivably, potentially. ANTONYMS: (adv) impossibly, definitely, certainly, indeed, implausibly pour: (v) gush, shed, decant, scatter, stream, flow, pelt, discharge, teem, infuse; (n, v) overflow. ANTONYMS: (v) drizzle, trickle poverty: (n, v) lack, destitution, penury, need, indigence, want; (adj, n) distress; (n) pauperism, impoverishment, squalor, deprivation. ANTONYMS: (n) wealth, riches, affluence, smartness, luxury, prosperity, fertility, surplus power: (n, v) might, ability, influence, dominion, faculty; (n) potency, energy, control, authority,

126 domination, strength. ANTONYMS: (n) powerlessness, helplessness, weakness, inability, subjugation, moderation, calmness, meekness, inferiority, feebleness, ease powerful: (adj) potent, muscular, strong, hard, able, brawny, vigorous, energetic, intense; (adj, adv) mighty; (adj, prep) forcible. ANTONYMS: (adj) weak, mild, unimportant, calm, faint, frail, gentle, ineffective, modest, insignificant, lightweight powers: (n) authority, capacity, strength, administration practising: (adj) practicing, churchgoing praise: (v) approve, extol, flatter, celebrate, glorify; (n, v) commend, compliment, honor, glory, acclaim; (n) applause. ANTONYMS: (n) criticism, disparagement; (v) reprimand, disparage, reproach, scold, belittle, rebuke, chastise, denigrate, sully praised: (adj) bepuffed, popular, renowned praising: (adj) praiseful, commending, praise, flattering, admiring, kind, complimentary, bestowing praise, eulogistic, commendatory, encomiastical preaching: (n) sermon, lecture, homily, preachment, baccalaureate, speech, pulpit, exhortation, kerygma; (v) preach; (adj) hence prejudice: (n, v) harm, hurt, damage; (v) influence, predispose, injure; (n) disadvantage, partiality, preconceived notion, discrimination, preconception. ANTONYMS: (n) tolerance, fairness, impartiality, justice, broadmindedness; (v) enhance prepare: (n, v) arrange, form, plan, make; (v) dress, set, lay, devise, groom, equip; (adj, v) coach. ANTONYM: (v) perform prescribe: (n, v) ordain; (v) enjoin, decree, dictate, fix, command, assign, determine, set, stipulate, designate presence: (n) front, manner, mien, bearing, carriage, figure, air, comportment, demeanor, company; (n, v) attendance. ANTONYMS: (n) absence, nonattendance present: (adj, n, v) gift, grant; (n, v) donation, display; (adj, v) confer, bestow; (v) introduce, give, prefer, offer, perform. ANTONYMS: (v) withdraw, withhold, consume, take;

The Sea-Gull (adj) missing, lost, dated, historical; (adj, n) past, future; (n) history press: (n, v) crush, crowd, squeeze, pack; (adj, v) force; (v) push, urge, coerce, exhort, mash, compress. ANTONYMS: (v) loosen, restrain, unpack, demand pretended: (adj, v) sham, mock, counterfeit, pseudo, spurious; (adj) assumed, fake, feigned, fictitious, bogus, affected pretensions: (n) airs, affected manner, mannerism pretty: (adj) fair, graceful, lovely, handsome, attractive, charming, good-looking, picturesque, dainty; (n) nice; (adv) very. ANTONYMS: (adj) plain, unattractive, modern, inelegant; (adv) extremely prevent: (n, v) hinder, bar; (v) anticipate, block, forbid, avert, avoid, preclude, arrest, hamper, obviate. ANTONYMS: (v) allow, permit, promote, advance, attract, cause, let, drive, help, support, include prick: (n, v) puncture, stab, cock, twinge, spur, bite; (v) impale, pierce, needle; (n) Dick, pricking pride: (n) arrogance, conceit, egotism, vanity, lordliness, assumption, insolence, disdain, hauteur; (n, v) boast; (v) plume. ANTONYMS: (n) modesty, sorrow, dregs, disgrace, shame, baseness prison: (n) calaboose, confinement, lockup, penitentiary, jug, chokey, college, prison house, limbo, confine, custody probably: (adv) presumably, perhaps, maybe, in all probability, in all likelihood, belike, believably, credibly; (adj, adv) doubtless; (adj) like; (n) may. ANTONYM: (adv) implausibly process: (n, v) action, course, function, act; (n) proceeding, operation, method, procedure, formula, outgrowth; (v) refine. ANTONYM: (v) contaminate produced: (v) producing; (adj) formed, manufactured, bent, fashioned, shaped, twisted, wrought profoundly: (adv) thoroughly, extremely, intensely, exhaustively, greatly, sincerely, gravely, deep, heavily, weightily, very. ANTONYMS: (adv) lightly, mildly programme: (n) design, broadcast, plan, playbill, device, arrangement, computer programme, computer program, compiler, instalment,

episode prolonged: (adj) lengthy, chronic, extended, elongated, lengthened, continuous, continued, expanded, sustained; (adj, v) protracted, lingering. ANTONYMS: (adj) quick, short, temporary promise: (n, v) covenant, guarantee, contract, vow, bargain; (v) augur, assure; (n) engagement, assurance, plight, word promised: (adj) pledged, affianced, betrothed, busy, devoted, employed, greatly interested, intended, involved; (v) benempt, named proper: (adj) due, decent, modest, agreeable, fitting, legitimate, right; (adj, v) correct, fit, becoming; (adj, n) just. ANTONYMS: (adj) inappropriate, wrong, unseemly, rude, unconventional, unsuitable, false, relaxed, vulgar, unreasonable, undue properly: (adv) duly, decently, appropriately, neatly, exactly, rightly, becomingly, fittingly, fitly, seemly, aptly. ANTONYMS: (adv) improperly, incorrectly, inappropriately, unlawfully, unsuitably, unduly, informally, indecently, dishonorably, badly, jokingly proud: (adj) lofty, disdainful, haughty, exalted, egotistical, gallant, pompous, lordly, majestic, overbearing; (adj, v) dignified. ANTONYMS: (adj) humble, modest, ashamed, embarrassed, sorrowful, disappointed, miserable provocation: (n) challenge, aggravation, exasperation, incitement, instigation, annoyance, excitement, stimulation, affront, incentive, defiance. ANTONYMS: (n) conciliation, arbitration, deterrent, disincentive, pleasure provoked: (adj, prep) exasperated, inflamed; (adj) irritated, aggravated, infuriated, indignant, irate, huffy, hot, excited; (adv) up in arms. ANTONYMS: (adj) calm, gratuitous, pleased psychological: (adj) mental, psychic, psychical, cerebral, intellectual, inner, psychologic, subconscious, subjective, mind, emotional. ANTONYM: (adj) physical public: (n) folk, people, populace; (adj) national, overt, civic, communal, popular; (adj, v) general, open; (adj, n) community. ANTONYMS: (adj) private,

Anton Chekhov confidential, personal, individual, privileged, restricted, unknown, home, secret pull: (n, v) draw, drag, pluck, tug, wrench, jerk; (v) draught, haul, attract, pick; (n) attraction. ANTONYMS: (v) repel, shove, leave; (n) repulsion, repulsiveness pure: (adj) absolute, natural, faultless, innocent, immaculate, perfect, good, clean; (adj, n) chaste, genuine; (adj, v) mere. ANTONYMS: (adj) contaminated, dishonored, diluted, tainted, wicked, practical, polluted, flawed, marred, unsaturated, unchaste purity: (n) holiness, cleanness, cleanliness, virtue, honor, perfection, pureness, sanctity, chastity, elegance; (adj, n) clearness. ANTONYMS: (n) coarseness, impurity, contamination, clutter, dirtiness, corruption, mustiness purpose: (n, v) plan, intention, design, project, resolve, purport, end, object; (n) mind, effect, motive. ANTONYM: (n) weakness pursue: (v) follow, dog, prosecute, hunt, course, tail, stalk, persist, hound, haunt, go after. ANTONYMS: (v) shun, eschew, avoid, discourage, lead, precede, find push: (n, v) press, thrust, impel, jolt, force, jab, nudge, crowd, prod, poke; (v) jostle. ANTONYMS: (v) drag, haul, unpack, inhibit, leave, oppose, prevent, restrain, understate, calm; (n) apathy pushing: (adj) enterprising, pushy, pushful, ambitious, officious, adventurous; (n) push, propulsion, thrusting, actuation; (v) meddlesome putrid: (adj) fetid, rotten, malodorous, corrupt, decayed, smelly, noisome, putrefied, bad, foetid, stinking. ANTONYM: (adj) fragrant puts: (n) stocks, securities, preferred stock, common stock, bonds quails: (n) grouse, brush turkeys, chickens, curassows, family Phasianidae, Galliformes, hoatzins, order Galliformes, partridges, Phasianidae quarrelling: (adj) at variance, in dispute, in disagreement, in conflict; (n) dissension quenched: (adj) extinct, quelled, out, slaked, squelched, dead, kayoed, permanently inactive, prohibited,

proscribed, put out question: (n, v) query, distrust, interrogate, matter, challenge, demand; (n) inquiry; (v) investigate, inquire, contest, examine. ANTONYMS: (n) certainty, resolution; (n, v) trust; (v) praise, reply, believe, accept quickly: (adv) promptly, rapidly, expeditiously, readily, speedily, swiftly, suddenly, hastily; (adj, adv) immediately, shortly; (adv, n) instantly. ANTONYMS: (adv) slowly, gradually, permanently, later, eventually, thoroughly quiet: (adj, adv, v) still; (adj, n, v) lull, hush, pacify, compose, appease, assuage; (adj, v) moderate, cool; (adj, adv) gentle, motionless. ANTONYMS: (adj) noisy, talkative, vociferous, active, oratorical, fierce, vocal, unquiet, busy, disordered; (n) noise quietly: (adv) stilly, calmly, peacefully, silently, softly, smoothly, tranquilly, serenely, restfully, lully, moderately. ANTONYMS: (adv) loudly, harshly, raucously, vociferously, anxiously, energetically, manically, unquietly, clearly, heavily, brashly quinine: (n) kinic , quinquina, medicament, medicine, medicinal drug, abuse, quinia, medication quite: (adj, adv) altogether, fully, sheer, just; (adv) all, absolutely, completely, entirely, exactly, enough, well. ANTONYMS: (adv) hardly, slightly, insufficiently, partially race: (adj, n) kind; (adj, n, v) dash, rush; (n, v) course, run, career; (n) family, people; (v) hurry, hasten, fly. ANTONYMS: (v) linger, amble rags: (adj) refuse, rubble, scourings, sweepings, trash, waste; (n) clothing, tatter, orts, odds and ends, dress railway: (n) rail, line, railroad track, rails, railway system, sidetrack, funicular, gantlet, railroad line, rail line, tramway rain: (n, v) stream, hail; (n) precipitation, wet, pelting, flow, downpour, rainwater; (v) precipitate, shower, rain down. ANTONYM: (v) drizzle raise: (n, v) lift, boost, increase; (v) erect, hoist, grow, enhance, build, elevate, promote, foster. ANTONYMS: (n, v) downgrade; (v) lessen, demote, decrease, level,

127 reduce, dismantle, knock; (n) lowering, reduction, descent raised: (adj) embossed, erect, convex, inflated, brocaded, high, uplifted, lifted, exultant; (v) in relief, repousse rapture: (n) joy, bliss, delight, happiness, exaltation, elation, exultation, enchantment; (adj, n) enthusiasm; (n, v) transport; (adj, n, v) passion. ANTONYMS: (n) indifference, boredom, misery, gloom, agony, hell, despair rather: (adv) a little, enough, fairly, pretty, moderately, considerably, very, relatively, kind of, instead, kinda. ANTONYMS: (adv) extremely, absolutely; (adj) complete rats: (n) mice, vermin, Rodentia, guinea pigs, agoutis, beavers, pests, gophers, order Rodentia, hamsters, marmots rattle: (n, v) jingle, jangle, clatter; (n) click, clang, clack; (v) bang, confuse, shake, patter, disconcert raving: (adj, v) wild; (adj) frantic, delirious, furious, mad, insane; (adj, n) madness, distraction, rage; (n) rabid, delirium rays: (n) light, sunlight, Selachii, dogfishes, elasmobranch, Elasmobranchii, emission, daylight, sunshine, selachian, subclass Elasmobranchii reach: (n, v) fetch, stretch; (adj, v) overtake, pass, extend; (v) obtain, achieve, make, attain, get; (n) compass. ANTONYMS: (v) withdraw, differ, fail read: (v) say, decipher, understand, learn, construe, perceive, gather, indicate, demonstrate, translate, comprehend. ANTONYM: (v) write reading: (n, v) read; (n) recital, learning, interpretation, lection, construction, version, study, perusal, erudition, exegesis ready: (v) prepare, fix; (adj, v) fit, disposed, willing; (adj) quick, prompt, nimble, apt; (adj, n) available, dexterous. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwilling, reluctant, unavailable, unready, unripe, difficult, unenthusiastic, young real: (adj, n, v) actual; (adj, n) true, pure, authentic; (adj) physical, material, natural, concrete, positive, literal, native. ANTONYMS: (adj, v) pretend; (adj) imaginary, artificial, fake, apparent, mock, insubstantial, imitation, fantasy, false, bogus realise: (v) appreciate, perceive, actualize, understand, attain,

128 comprehend, get, bring, see, make, earn reality: (n, v) fact, efficiency, deed; (n) existence, certainty, actuality, realism, being, realness, truth, entity. ANTONYMS: (n) vision, imagination, delusion, dream, illusion, idealism, unreality, fiction really: (adj, adv) honestly, genuinely, sincerely; (adv) absolutely, authentically, certainly, substantially, in reality, positively, truely, essentially. ANTONYMS: (adv) hardly, falsely, doubtfully, somewhat, unremarkably, nominally realm: (n) area, domain, field, country, region, nation, department, arena, land, empire, ground reason: (n) account, intellect, occasion, object, understanding, argument, purpose; (n, v) cause; (v) argue, debate; (adj, n) rationality. ANTONYMS: (n) inconsistency, disincentive reasons: (n) proof recall: (adj, v) reverse; (v) revoke, rescind, recognize, recollect, remember, repeal, countermand; (n) memory, anamnesis; (n, v) return. ANTONYMS: (v) issue, dissolve reception: (n) acceptance, admission, receiving, greeting, getting, salutation, acceptation, comprehension; (adj, n) entertainment, party; (n, v) adoption. ANTONYMS: (n) dispatch, rejection recitation: (n) reading, narration, narrative, description, rehearsal, lesson, account, practice, exercise, oration, explanation recite: (v) relate, enumerate, describe, narrate, recount, repeat, say, rehearse, detail, lecture; (n, v) declaim reciting: (v) recite recognise: (v) identify, know, acknowledge, approve, accept, concede, appreciate, confess, recognize, make out, discern recognised: (adj) recognized, undisputed, received, noted, known, established, certified, acceptable, accepted recognising: (v) recognize, recognise reflected: (adj) reflecting, reverberant, reflectent reflecting: (adv) reflectingly; (adj) reflective, thoughtful, calculating, reflected, shiny, shimmering, reflectent; (n) mirroring, reflection,

The Sea-Gull reflexion refuge: (n) sanctuary, asylum, safety, retreat, cover, harborage, haven, shelter, harbor; (n, v) recourse, resort refuse: (v) deny, reject, decline, disallow, rebuff, turn down; (adj, n) waste, trash; (n) offal, litter; (n, v) dross. ANTONYMS: (v) allow, receive, permit, offer, dedicate, approve, agree, admit, choose, pass, affirm refused: (adj) forbidden, refuse, prohibited, hence regards: (v) regard, esteem, respect, consideration, honor, motive; (adj) abord, devoir; (n) greeting, relation, duty regret: (n, v) grieve, sorrow; (v) bewail, lament, mourn, bemoan, deplore; (n) remorse, penitence, compunction, contrition. ANTONYMS: (v) welcome, praise; (n) idealism, shamelessness, joy, satisfaction regular: (adj) normal, general, formal; (adj, n) steady, common, customary, ordinary; (adj, v) orderly, conventional, methodical; (adj, n, v) constant. ANTONYMS: (adj) irregular, erratic, variable, unusual, inconsistent, straight, extraordinary, asymmetrical, rare, distant, strong reign: (v) govern, command, predominate, dominate, prevail; (n) dominance, dominion, control, government, administration, kingdom rein: (n) bridle, curb, restraint, check, strap; (v) leash, harness, contain, rule, rein in, confine relations: (n) family, dealings, kin, relation, connections, people, kindred, kinsfolk, contact, relationship, folks release: (adj, v) disengage, exempt, free, liberate, deliver; (n, v) pardon; (v) absolve, acquit, exonerate, dismiss; (n) liberation. ANTONYMS: (n, v) capture; (v) imprison, confine, arrest, catch, hold; (n) imprisonment, abduction, involvement, preservation, custody remain: (n, v) abide, endure, continue, last; (v) bide, linger, stay, keep, persist, live, hold. ANTONYMS: (v) leave, depart, change, move, go, become, stop remains: (n) debris, corpse, relic, carcass, body, rest, clay, vestige; (adj, n) remainder, remnant; (n, v) trace

remarkable: (adj) notable, odd, noteworthy, exceptional, distinguished, conspicuous, phenomenal, famous, illustrious, curious; (adj, n) memorable. ANTONYMS: (adj) insignificant, unremarkable, commonplace, usual, average, unimpressive, normal, inconspicuous, dreadful, dire, awful remember: (v) commemorate, recognize, recollect, recall, consider, memorize, think, mind, call to mind, retain, bear in mind. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore, neglect, overlook remembrance: (n, v) recollection, mind; (n) commemoration, memorial, recall, relic, monument, keepsake, reminiscence, recognition; (adj, n) memento reminder: (n) memento, note, memorandum, memorial, prompt, suggestion, commemoration, monument, remembrance, memory; (n, v) hint remove: (v) oust, pull, expel, eject, deduct, discharge, strip, get rid of, delete; (adj, v) clear; (n, v) take. ANTONYMS: (v) place, install, add, wedge, take, bring, attach, construct, wrap, restore, provide renowned: (adj, n) illustrious, glorious; (adj) famous, famed, notable, noted, eminent, distinguished, great, notorious, well-known. ANTONYMS: (adj) obscure, anonymous, undistinguished represented: (adj) delineate, depicted, representing, drawn, painted, pictured, diagrammatic resign: (v) renounce, cede, relinquish, quit, give up, leave, abandon, drop, deliver, surrender, forgo. ANTONYMS: (v) accept, continue, retain, stay resounding: (adj) booming, ringing, reverberating, loud, rolling, vibrant, emphatic, resonating, reverberant; (v) resound; (adv) resoundingly. ANTONYMS: (adj) qualified, marginal respect: (adj, n, v) regard, worship; (n, v) esteem, heed, notice, reverence; (v) observe, keep, appreciate; (n) homage, deference. ANTONYMS: (n, v) scorn, dishonor, disregard; (n) cheek, insolence, impudence, disdain; (v) despise, humiliate, break, taint rest: (adj, n) remnant, remainder, residue; (n, v) pause, balance, nap, relaxation, sleep; (n) recess, leisure;

Anton Chekhov (v) remain. ANTONYMS: (n) activity, agitation, intensification; (v) change, stand, deteriorate restless: (adj) fidgety, uneasy, impatient, restive, agitated, fretful, turbulent, feverish; (adj, n) nervous, apprehensive; (adj, v) unquiet. ANTONYMS: (adj) relaxed, peaceful, lethargic, unbroken, still, contented result: (n) fruit, outcome, issue, answer, effect, conclusion, aftermath, produce; (v) ensue, follow; (n, v) end. ANTONYMS: (n) problem; (v) precede retired: (adj) obscure, secluded, sequestered, solitary, emeritus, secret, lonely, withdrawn, superannuated, close; (adj, v) covert retreat: (v) retire, withdraw, depart; (n) refuge, departure, asylum, den, lair, retirement; (n, v) resort, return. ANTONYMS: (n) raid, development, extension, arrival, company; (v) progress, remain return: (v) recur, reimburse, restore; (n, v) pay, restitution, recompense, refund, restoration, render, retort; (n) proceeds. ANTONYMS: (n) departure, confiscation, abolition, recovery, loss, disappearance, penalty; (v) keep, depart, take, remove returning: (adj) regressive, return, reversive, recurrent, coming back, ebbing, flowing back, new, newly appointed, newly elected, next. ANTONYMS: (adj) outgoing, unique, occasional rheumatism: (n) arthritis, atrophic arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis; (v) lumbago, podagra, otalgia, neuralgia, earache, cephalalgia, odontalgia, sciatica rich: (adj, n) copious, luxurious; (adj) productive, fruitful, full, deep, prolific, opulent, fat, affluent; (adj, v) fertile. ANTONYMS: (adj) poor, impoverished, destitute, broke, light, plain, lean, delicate, infertile, weak, barren riches: (n, v) money; (n) affluence, abundance, fortune, opulence, plenty, prosperity, exuberance, treasure, resources; (v) gold riddle: (n) mystery, conundrum, puzzle, problem, poser; (n, v) screen, sieve; (v) puncture, strain, filter, sift. ANTONYM: (n) explanation right-hand: (adj) righthand, right, dextral, essential rights: (n) human rights, citizenship,

possession, copyright, due, exclusive rights, nationality, official document, patent, government grant rings: (n) ornaments, necklaces, jewels, costume jewelry, charms, bracelets rise: (n, v) mount, lift, increase, heave, swell, jump; (v) ascend, arise; (n) elevation, ascent, progress. ANTONYMS: (n, v) decrease, drop; (v) sink, descend, plummet, retire, set; (n) reduction, descent, depreciation, ruin rising: (n) revolt, rebellion, mutiny, ascent, ascension, climb, rise, outbreak, insurrection; (adj) climbing, uphill. ANTONYMS: (adj) plummeting, plunging, decreasing, falling, setting, downward, content; (n) fall road: (n) way, track, course, route, avenue, highway, approach, thoroughfare, direction; (n, v) passage, line rock: (adj, n) stone; (n) boulder, calculus, cliff; (n, v) sway, jar; (v) waver, toss, jolt, shake, cradle role: (n) function, position, character, place, job, persona, post, purpose, use; (n, v) office, duty roll: (n, v) list, wheel, curl, turn; (v) reel, enfold, revolve, wind; (n) revolution, register; (adj, n, v) twist. ANTONYM: (v) unwind rolling: (n) peal, curling, wheeling, rolling movement, finish rolling, pealing, crimping; (adj) resounding, rolled, tumbling, resonating romance: (n) love affair, fiction, story, figment, intrigue, affair, tale, vagary; (v) flirt, court, exaggerate roof: (n, v) top, cover, shelter; (n) crown, housing, ceiling, dome, house, household, back, covering room: (n) chamber, occasion, house, apartment, opportunity, hall, opening, compartment, expanse, extent; (v) board. ANTONYM: (n) walkway rooms: (n) flat, apartment, chamber, quarters, lodging, chambers, accommodation, cortege, suite, temporary housing, accommodations roots: (n) heredity, family, origin, line, extraction, ancestry rough: (adj, n) hard, grating, jagged; (adj, n, v) harsh; (adj) raw, gross, cruel, crude, gruff; (adj, v) hoarse; (n, v) draft. ANTONYMS: (adj) gentle, silky, soft, sophisticated,

129 refined, polished, precise, exact, pleasant, glossy, even roughly: (adv) coarsely, harshly, violently, rudely, unevenly, hardly, severely, crudely; (adj, adv) nearly; (adv, prep) about; (adj, adv, prep) just about. ANTONYMS: (adv) softly, gently, smoothly, exactly, finely, lovingly, precisely, well, evenly round: (n) bout, circuit, beat; (n, v) ring, compass; (adv, prep) about; (adj) circular, entire; (adj, v) plump; (adj, n, v) turn; (v) gird. ANTONYMS: (adj) sharp, slender, thin, square, harsh, reedy, evasive; (prep) exactly rubbish: (adj, n) refuse, trash, litter, garbage, trumpery; (n) nonsense, junk, offal, debris, waste, drivel. ANTONYMS: (n) fact; (adj) valuable, helpful ruin: (n) devastation, desolation; (adj, n) downfall; (v) break, consume, demolish, destroy; (n, v) doom, ravage, destruction, damage. ANTONYMS: (v) conserve, enhance, save, restore, improve; (n, v) respect; (n) making, success, triumph, rise, preservation ruined: (adj, v) lost; (adj) dilapidated, desolate, broke, broken, bankrupt, finished, devastated, desolated, insolvent, spoiled. ANTONYMS: (adj) solvent, pure, rich, whole running: (adj) operative, working, continual, moving; (adj, v) active; (n) course, motion, run, operation, administration; (adj, n) functioning runs: (n) Aztec two-step, sickness, Montezuma's revenge rush: (n, v) charge, flood, dash, flow, gush, race, run, speed, attack; (adj, n, v) burst; (n) onrush. ANTONYMS: (v) delay, dawdle, linger, wander, amble, hesitate, crawl, trickle; (n) shortage, slowness, unimportance russia: (n) russias, Russian, union of Soviet socialist republics, Russian Federation, Russian Soviet federated socialist republic, Soviet Russia, USSR sacred: (adj) holy, hallowed, dedicated, consecrated, divine, religious, pious, spiritual, inviolable, blessed; (adj, v) solemn. ANTONYMS: (adj) profane, unconsecrated, cursed, breakable sacrifice: (n, v) oblation, forfeit; (v) offer, immolate, offer up, give, give up, relinquish; (n) immolation, loss,

130 forfeiture sadly: (adv) pitifully, dolefully, unfortunately, mournfully, sorrowfully, woefully, dejectedly, pathetically, wretchedly, forlornly; (adj, adv) seriously. ANTONYMS: (adv) cheerfully, contentedly, gladly, joyfully, fortunately, luckily, enthusiastically sadness: (n, v) melancholy, despondency; (adj, n) grief, distress; (n) misery, sorrow, desolation, regret, gloom, mourning, affliction. ANTONYMS: (n) joy, amusement, cheerfulness, laughter, contentment, comfort, cheer, hopefulness sake: (n, v) interest, reason, motive, ground; (v) advantage, cause; (n) object, account, design, purpose, saki salary: (n) pay, earnings, allowance, remuneration, fee, income, payment, emolument, gain, compensation, profit sale: (n) fair, disposal, sales, sales event, bazaar, market, demand, marketing, saloon, vend, vendition. ANTONYMS: (n) acquisition, purchase same: (adj) identical, equal, like, corresponding, equivalent, similar, uniform, even, consistent, matching; (adv) equally. ANTONYMS: (adj) different, varying, another, unlike, other, varied satan: (n) Lucifer, devil, deuce, the Devil, Old Nick, Belial, fiend, Prince of Darkness, Dickens, archfiend, daemon satiated: (adj) full, replete, gorged, satisfied, jaded, sated, glutted, fat, fed up, corpulent, disgusted. ANTONYM: (adj) insatiate saying: (adj, n, v) maxim; (n) axiom, adage, phrase, dictum, idiom, byword, aphorism, expression; (n, v) saw, proverb scarcely: (adv) narrowly, rarely, hardly, just, scarce, uncommonly, insufficiently, scantily, scantly, only just, seldom. ANTONYMS: (adv) easily, liberally scarf: (n) neckerchief, handkerchief, stole, necktie, cravat, kerchief, mantilla, shawl, wrap, tie, stock scatter: (n, v) spread, spray; (v) disperse, dispel, disseminate, distribute, break up, dissipate, sprinkle, circulate, diffuse. ANTONYMS: (v) collect, reform, attract, concentrate scattered: (adj) dissipated, thin,

The Sea-Gull disordered, disconnected, confused, sparse, sporadic, distributed, rare, diffuse; (v) disperse scene: (n, v) aspect, view, outlook, lookout; (n) background, display, spectacle, picture, environment, panorama, perspective scenery: (n) scene, prospect, panorama, landscape, outlook, nature, picture, vista, set, backdrop, background scented: (adj) fragrant, perfumed, aromatic, balmy, sweet, redolent, odoriferous, spicy, savory, smelling, angelical. ANTONYMS: (adj) scentless, smelly school: (v) educate, instruct, train, coach; (n) class, sect, shoal, college, herd, training, teaching schoolmaster: (n) master, preceptor, pedagogue, headmaster, dominie, teacher, principal, educator, head, Lutjanus apodus, housemaster schoolteacher: (n) schoolmaster, educator, schoolmistress, lecturer, teacher, school teacher, mistress, professor, master, tutor, educationalist science: (n) learning, lore, proficiency, dexterity, virtuosity, skill, literature, knowledge, agrology, mathematics; (adj) art scraping: (n) scrape, scratching, scratch, rub, sizing, rament, incision, mark, prick; (v) rubbing; (adj) grating seagull: (n) sea gull, kittiwake, pewit, blackcap, cob, mew gull, sea mew, patsy, pewit gull, schlemiel, mews seat: (n) bench, base, behind, bottom, buttocks, location, position, post, posterior; (v) locate, put seated: (adj) sat, sedentary second: (n) instant, jiffy, flash, minute, sec; (v) back, endorse, help; (n, v) support; (adj) latter, further. ANTONYMS: (adj) top, former; (n) age secret: (adj, v) mysterious, hidden, covert, secluded, confidential; (adj) concealed, furtive, occult, obscure; (adj, n) privacy, secrecy. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) known, public; (adj) open, overt, apparent, unrestricted, external, visible, outermost, transparent, blatant seeing: (prep) because; (adj) Seely, considering; (n) sight, vision, beholding, fusion, visual sense; (v) conceive, comprehend, perceive seem: (v) appear, feel, seeming, loom, expect, show, beseem, sound, glitter,

glisten, gleam seen: (adj) visible, clad, beseen, accomplished, discovered, appearing; (v) observe, perceive, conceive, comprehend, understand seized: (adj) confiscate, appropriated, condemned, apprehended, grasped, taken, held, seised, detained, obtained, arraught seldom: (adj) scarce, rare, few, infrequent; (adv) occasionally, infrequently, uncommonly, hardly, scarcely, not often, once in a blue moon. ANTONYMS: (adv) often, seldom self-sacrifice: (n) martyrdom, renunciation send: (v) pass, deliver, forward, convey, dispatch, mail, post, give, carry, divert, project. ANTONYM: (v) keep sensations: (n) feelings, vibrations, ambiance senses: (adj) sober senses, sound mind; (n) reason, mind, conception, consciousness, judgment, faculties, mother wit, right mind, sanity sensible: (adj) aware, sagacious, prudent, rational, judicious, perceptible, sane, wise, intelligent, appreciable, sage. ANTONYMS: (adj) ludicrous, crazy, unreasonable, stupid, silly, ridiculous, reckless, idiotic, outrageous, imprudent, mad sent: (adj) dispatched, imported, ecstatic, blissful, fascinated, intoxicated; (v) transmit. ANTONYM: (adj) unsent sentence: (v) condemn, convict, judge, damn; (n) finding, phrase, conviction, punishment; (n, v) decision, doom, condemnation. ANTONYMS: (n) reward, absolution; (v) absolve, acquit separating: (v) parting, partible; (n) division, separation, severance, unscrambling, unraveling, removal; (adj) separated, disjoining, graduating seriously: (adv) earnestly, soberly, severely, solemnly, badly, deeply, staidly, sincerely, thoughtfully, greatly, weightily. ANTONYMS: (adv) frivolously, playfully, cheerfully, slightly, teasingly, jovially, nonchalantly, lightheartedly, briskly, mildly, lightly servant: (n) manservant, domestic, lackey, maid, employee, flunkey, retainer, boy, footman, flunky, menial. ANTONYMS: (n) master,

Anton Chekhov mistress service: (n, v) overhaul, serve, refit, assist; (n) aid, employment, assistance, avail, ministration, ceremony; (v) attendance. ANTONYMS: (n) disservice, damage, hindrance, uselessness serving: (n) helping, share, service, piece, attendance, help, serve, drumstick, plate, libation, service of process setting: (n) scene, scenery, adjustment, position, background, mount, backdrop, environment, scope, mounting, set seventy: (n) large integer several: (adj, v) diverse, divers, sundry; (adj, n) a few, some; (adj) various, individual, different, particular, special, numerous. ANTONYMS: (adj) joint, all, none severely: (adv) seriously, gravely, badly, sternly, harshly, hardly, strictly, rigidly, violently, sharply, strongly. ANTONYMS: (adv) leniently, gently, elaborately, lightheartedly, slightly, mildly, compassionately, tenderly, warmly, superficially, modestly shade: (n, v) screen, tinge, shadow, tint, color, cloud; (n) ghost, hue, blind, conceal, tone. ANTONYMS: (n) brightness, glare; (v) brighten, clarify, expose shaded: (adj) dark, shads, sheltered, shadowed, umbrageous, twilight, sunless, subdued, soft, colored, darksome. ANTONYM: (adj) unshaded shadows: (n) dark, darkness, night, dimness, dusk, fogginess, mistiness, gloom, cloudiness. ANTONYM: (n) brightness shake: (n, v) jolt, beat, jar, quiver, wave; (v) agitate, excite, disturb; (adv, v) brandish; (adj, v) quake, totter. ANTONYMS: (v) soothe, steady shaken: (adj) jolted, agitated, dilapidated, frayed; (v) passe, lame, broken, threadbare, wilted, shaky, vibrate shakes: (n) hangover, jitters, nervousness, tension, anxiety shakespeare: (n) the bard, William Shakspere, William Shakespeare shaking: (adj, n) quivering, tremor, jarring; (n) quiver, palpitation, quake; (adj) quaking, shaky, flutter, unsteady, shivering shall: (n) must, necessity; (v) require, bequeath, leave

shame: (n, v) disgrace, dishonor, discredit, humiliate, degrade, chagrin; (n) humiliation, modesty, scandal, insult; (v) abash. ANTONYMS: (n) pride, glorification, making, worthiness; (v) acknowledge, glorify, respect, dignify shape: (n, v) cast, mold, fashion, mould, model, make, design; (n) pattern, figure; (v) determine, influence sheets: (n) rain, bed linen shelves: (n) shelf, rack, shelving shift: (n, v) change, exchange, turn, interchange, quibble, switch, move; (v) remove, budge, convert, alter. ANTONYMS: (v) restore, leave, straighten; (n) preservation, stillness shimmering: (adj) glittering, sparkling, gleaming, dazzling, lustrous, bright, iridescent, shimmery, flashing, glittery, glowing. ANTONYMS: (adj) dull, dim shine: (n, v) light, sheen, flash, glitter, sparkle, polish, rub; (v) burnish, gleam, blaze; (n) radiance shining: (adj, v) brilliant; (adj) lustrous, radiant, glossy, luminous, glorious, glowing; (adj, n) lucid, resplendent, clear; (v) shine. ANTONYMS: (adj) dull, pale, blemished shore: (n) coast, edge, beach, seashore, stay, seaside, brace, margin; (n, v) prop, land, buttress. ANTONYM: (n) sea shores: (n) coast, seaboard, seashore, shoreline. ANTONYM: (n) interior short: (adj, v) concise, close; (adj) scarce, curt, brusque, sharp, compendious, laconic, deficient, scanty, diminutive. ANTONYMS: (adj) long, high, lengthy, unabridged, sufficient, slender, rangy, rambling, overlong, extended, plentiful shortly: (adv) presently, curtly, before long, soon, concisely, brusquely, abruptly, tersely, succinctly; (adj, adv) immediately, summarily. ANTONYMS: (adv) politely, pleasantly, verbosely, later shot: (n) injection, gunshot, go, fling, shoot, crack, ball, picture, bang, jab, discharge shoulder: (v) carry, push, hold, jostle, sustain, support, assume, accept; (n, v) elbow; (n) back, flange show: (adj, n, v) present, appearance; (n, v) exhibit, produce, broadcast,

131 indicate, parade; (v) point out; (n) presentation, ostentation; (adj, v) guide. ANTONYMS: (v) disprove, hide, withhold, suppress, disappear, cover, absorb; (n) concealment showing: (n) display, screening, exhibit, revelation, viewing, appearance, exhibition, exposition, presentation, exposure; (adj) exhibiting shuts: (adj) closed sick: (adj) ill, queasy, poorly, ailing, weary, diseased, sickly, morbid; (adj, v) indisposed, unwell; (adj, n) invalid. ANTONYMS: (adj) healthy, fond, wholesome sickly: (adj, adv) poorly; (n) invalid; (adj) sick, ailing, pale, sallow, indisposed, morbid, diseased; (adj, n, v) infirm; (adj, v) faint. ANTONYMS: (adj) healthy, bitter, robust side: (n) rim, faction, brink, direction, hand, aspect, margin; (adj, n) part; (n, v) party, border, face. ANTONYMS: (adj) distant, central, major, primary; (n) back, front, center, middle; (v) straddle siege: (n) blockade, envelopment, encirclement, investment, besieging; (v) beleaguer, encompass, environ, envelop, encircle, beset sigh: (n, v) groan, suspire, murmur; (v) breathe, languish, pine; (n) breath, wail, whimper, whine, suspiration sight: (n, v) vision, glimpse, show, aspect, appearance; (v) aim, spot, see; (n) view, prospect, scene signs: (n) situation, indications, signage, appearances, cipher, cryptogram, discriminating marks, indicia, secret code, secret language, symbols silence: (adj, n, v) calm, still; (int, n, v) hush; (n, v) lull; (n) mum; (adj, v) appease; (v) mute, allay, pacify, muzzle; (int, v) shut up. ANTONYMS: (n) sound, openness, uproar, movement; (v) amplify, Louden, encourage, rouse silent: (adj, adv) motionless; (adj) dumb, tacit, mute, noiseless, reserved, placid, reticent, mum, taciturn, hush. ANTONYMS: (adj) spoken, talkative, loud, explicit, open, live, forthcoming, verbal, audible, talking, moving silently: (adv) mutely, stilly, quietly, noiselessly, soundlessly, taciturnly, wordlessly, secretly, speechlessly, placidly, tacitly. ANTONYMS: (adv)

132 loudly, audibly, openly, brazenly silky: (adj, v) silken; (adj) glossy, soft, smooth, satiny, delicate, fine, fluffy, sericeous, slick, downy. ANTONYMS: (adj) rough, harsh, coarse, dull silly: (adj) ridiculous, absurd, childish, fatuous, irrational, frivolous, idiotic, preposterous, unreasonable; (adj, n) fool; (n) imbecile. ANTONYMS: (adj) mature, wise, rational, clever, advisable, profound, reasonable, responsible, significant silva: (n) sylva, timberland, woodland, timber, forest simon: (n) herb Simon, Marvin Neil Simon, Neil Simon, Paul Simon, Simon the Canaanite, Simon the zealot, St Simon simple: (adj, n) plain, humble, innocent, rustic; (adj) homely, elementary, natural; (adj, v) pure, clear, mere, downright. ANTONYMS: (adj) complex, complicated, compound, elaborate, difficult, multiple, obscure, ornate, problematical, sophisticated, confusing simply: (adj, adv) only, exclusively, barely; (adv) just, alone, directly, purely, absolutely, easily, plainly; (adj) straightforward. ANTONYMS: (adv) elaborately, ornately, majestically, covertly, dishonestly, incoherently, obscurely, pretentiously since: (adv, conj, prep) because, seeing that; (adv, prep) afterwards, before; (adv, conj) for, as; (adj, adv) ago; (conj) whereas; (prep) from, of; (adv) after sincerity: (adj, n) candor, honesty, integrity, probity, faithfulness; (n) earnestness, heartiness, genuineness, candour, frankness, cordiality. ANTONYMS: (n) dishonesty, hypocrisy, flippancy, frivolity, affectedness, caution, reticence, deceit, doubt sing: (v) hymn, hum, chirp, drone, intone, vocalize, pipe, carol, snitch; (n, v) twitter, squeak singer: (n) poet, minstrel, crooner, chorister, canary, chanter, warbler, musician, basso, madrigalist, alto singers: (n) gospel choir, church choir, choral group, singing group, school choir singing: (v) sing; (n) chanting, caroling, crooning, hymnody, humming, intonation, scat,

The Sea-Gull psalmody, harmonization; (adj) cantabile. ANTONYM: (adj) silent single: (adj) celibate, odd, particular, separate, solitary, isolated, sole, lone, lonely, simple; (adj, n) one. ANTONYMS: (adj) double, multiple, divorced, attached, dual, involved, widowed, general, common; (n) record sirius: (n) blazing star, Canicula, Sothis sister: (n) nurse, nun, brother, sisters, older sister, mate, twin, pair, fellow companion, double, match. ANTONYM: (n) brother sisters: (n) sistren sits: (n) sat sitting: (n) session, seat, seance, meeting, seating, conference, posing; (adj) seated, inactive; (v) incubation, batching. ANTONYMS: (adj) standing, active skeleton: (n) carcass, frame, framework, bones, anatomy, scaffold, body, cadaver, chassis, corpse; (n, v) outline skies: (n) heavens, firmament, expanse skin: (n) hide, fur, rind, coating, shell, hull; (v) pare, scrape, excoriate, flay; (n, v) bark skull: (n) noddle, sconce, pericranium, brainpan, cranium, head, upper story, shell, noggin, skeleton, skullcap slaves: (n) helotry, bondsmen sleep: (n, v) nap, repose, doze, kip, slumber, catnap; (adj, n, v) lie; (v) hibernate, nod; (n) dream; (adj, v) lodge. ANTONYMS: (v) awaken; (n) alertness, agitation slipping: (n) skidding, slippage; (adj) slithering, gliding, down, labent slow: (adj, v) slack; (adj) dull, sluggish, heavy, stupid, lazy, indolent, inactive; (adj, adv) easy, behind; (adj, n) gradual. ANTONYMS: (adj) intelligent, rapid, bright, speedy, alert, brisk, quick, prompt, hasty, rushed; (v) accelerate slump: (n) depression, recession; (n, v) fall, decline, sag, dip, decrease; (v) sink, droop, tumble, crash. ANTONYMS: (n) upturn, improvement, recovery, increase, peak, boom; (v) soar, rally smell: (n, v) odor, scent, savor, perfume, stink, stench; (v) nose; (n) fragrance, bouquet, savour, odour smile: (n) grin, grinning, smiling, luck, facial expression; (v) laugh,

beam, chuckle, simper; (n, v) grimace; (adv) smilingly. ANTONYMS: (n, v) scowl; (v) glower smoke: (n) fumes, cigarette, cigar, smog, fog; (n, v) reek, fumigate, puff; (v) exhale, cure; (adj) tobacco smoking: (n) fume, marijuana, respiration, roll of tobacco, sens; (v) candent, ebullient, glowing; (adj) smoky, rabid; (adv) on a roll snake: (n) serpent, ophidian, viper, constrictor, hydra, elapid; (v) wind, twist, curl, weave; (n, v) sneak sneering: (adj) contemptuous, disdainful, sarcastic, mocking, snide, scornful, disparaging, disapproving; (n) mockery, disdain; (adv) sneeringly. ANTONYMS: (adj) respectful, admiring snore: (n) snoring; (v) snort, saw logs, snooze, siesta, hibernation, breathe, doze, saw wood, coma, dream snuff: (v) smell, kill, douse, slay, scent, snuffle, bump off, smother, snort; (adj) tobacco, nicotine soar: (v) climb, hover, fly, mount, glide, leap, jump, lift, billow; (n, v) rise, increase. ANTONYMS: (v) decrease, drop, descend, collapse, sink sobbing: (adj) crying, weeping, weepy, tearful; (n) lamentation, shortness of breath, shit, prick, motherfucker, tear, lament sober: (adj, v) grave, sedate; (adj) sane, earnest, quiet, solemn, moderate, modest, serene, dull, somber. ANTONYMS: (adj) intoxicated, unrestrained, drunk, playful, sensational, emotional, cheerful, frivolous, funny, muddled, delirious society: (n) club, public, community, companionship, company, fraternity, association, corporation, fellowship, circle, people soda: (n) soda pop, soda water, sodium carbonate, sal soda, Leblanc process, sodium oxide, carbonated water, sodium bicarbonate, seltzer, cold drink, restorative sofa: (n) couch, lounge, divan, bench, davenport, seat, squab, chair, form, convertible, daybed softly: (adv) quietly, mildly, lightly, tenderly, delicately, gently, soft, quiet, silently, kindly, slowly. ANTONYMS: (adv) hoarsely, roughly, loudly, clearly, harshly, forte, severely, strongly, heavily, convincingly, brightly

Anton Chekhov solitude: (n) desolation, loneliness, seclusion, privacy, aloneness, isolation, retirement, lonesomeness, retreat, desert, solitariness. ANTONYMS: (n) companionship, closeness solve: (adj, v) interpret, loosen; (v) decipher, dissolve, answer, crack, clear up, riddle, explain, elucidate, decide. ANTONYMS: (v) encode, exacerbate somebody: (n) person, personage, mortal, man, creature, notable, human; (n, pron) someone; (adj, n) celebrity; (pron) anybody; (adj) notability. ANTONYM: (n) nonentity somehow: (adv) anyhow, anyway, for some reason, somewhat, someway, someways, a little, in some manner, in some way, very, somehow or other something: (n) what, object, thing, article, entity, substance, somebody; (adv, n) somewhat; (adv) rather, a little, kinda. ANTONYM: (pron) nothing sometimes: (adv) from time to time, occasionally, every now and then, now and again, every so often, once, sometime, once in a while, formerly; (n) at times; (adj, adv) on and off. ANTONYM: (adv) regularly somewhere: (adv) someplace, approximately, anyplace, about, wherever, where, roughly, everywhere, around, passim, ultimately soon: (adv) shortly, presently, anon, immediately, directly, at once, before long, betimes, quickly, promptly; (adj, adv) early. ANTONYMS: (adv) now, eventually, later, slowly sooner: (adj, adv) rather, earlier, before, preferably, instead; (adv) first, before now, faster, previously, beforehand; (adj) prior sorry: (adj) pathetic, sorrowful, remorseful, contrite, pitiful, pitiable, piteous, penitent, paltry, base, sad. ANTONYMS: (adj) glad, happy, admirable, unremorseful, fine sort: (adj, n, v) class; (n, v) type, group, rank; (n) variety, breed, assortment, form, pattern; (adj, n) manner, description sorts: (n) varieties, sorting, running pi, batter soul: (n) creature, human, person, personification, ghost, individual, mind, essence, life, self; (adj, n)

heart. ANTONYMS: (n) surface, body sound: (n, v) chime, echo, peal; (adj) reasonable, complete, healthy, sensible, sane, rational; (adj, v) fit, fast. ANTONYMS: (adj) illogical, unsound, confused, unreliable, flawed, flimsy, silent, weak, unreasonable; (n) silence; (v) devoice sounding: (n) investigation, depth, exploration, test; (adj) resounding, resonant, looking, audible, sonant, voiceful, hollow source: (n) root, cause, commencement, reason, provenance, beginning, head, parent, reference, headspring, germ spare: (adj, v) free, reserve, save, thin; (adj) slender, slight, additional, lean; (adj, n) extra, excess; (v) exempt. ANTONYMS: (n) shortfall, original; (adj) principal, fat, basic, abundant, stout; (v) need, include spark: (n, v) flicker, flash, gleam, glint, glitter; (n) light, glimmer, arc, flame, fire; (v) activate speak: (adj, v) pronounce, utter; (v) converse, say, deliver, articulate, recite, talk, discourse, lecture; (n) language speaking: (n) talk, discourse, speech, public speaking, reading, oral presentation, recital, recitation, disputation; (v) speak; (adj) expressive. ANTONYMS: (adj) nonspeaking, silent speaks: (n) talks spend: (v) expend, exhaust, squander, pay out, blow, deplete, pass, wear, lead; (adj, v) waste; (n) outlay. ANTONYMS: (v) conserve, earn, hoard, keep spiders: (n) horseshoe crabs, Araneida, order Araneae, order Araneida, scorpions, Araneae spirit: (n, v) courage, mind; (n) mood, ghost, apparition, disposition, energy, essence, soul, phantom; (adj, n) animation. ANTONYMS: (n) lethargy, body, cowardice, surface, sluggishness, lifelessness, defeatism spiritless: (adj) listless, inanimate, languid, flat, cheerless, soulless, dead, depressed; (adj, v) feeble, low; (v) soft. ANTONYMS: (adj) brave, lively, happy, decisive spirits: (n) alcohol, booze, humor, frame of mind, liqueur, strong drink, hard drink; (adj) cheer, geniality, good humor; (v) wine splendid: (adj, n, v) illustrious,

133 glorious; (adj) gorgeous, beautiful, royal, gallant, proud; (adj, n) magnificent, noble, grand; (adj, v) brilliant. ANTONYMS: (adj) unimpressive, modest, humble, ordinary, undistinguished, meager, awful, dire, lowly, inglorious, shabby spoil: (n, v) ruin; (v) rot, corrupt, mar, deface, sack; (adj, v) impair, damage, injure, harm, indulge. ANTONYMS: (v) improve, conserve, enliven, help, abuse, beautify, deny, neglect, correct, respect, clean spoilt: (adj) spoiled, blighted, be stunted, destroyed, unsound, corrupt, disordered, reproduced fraudulently, defective, defiled, big spoke: (n) bar, rung, radius, rule, shoe, skid, rundle, line, clog, round; (v) said spot: (n, v) place, speck, blemish, speckle, fleck, dirty, dapple; (adj, n, v) stain, soil; (n) dot, space spurn: (v) scorn, rebuff, repulse, disdain, reject, refuse, snub, kick, decline, deny; (n, v) slight. ANTONYMS: (v) admire, court, respect stage: (n, v) phase; (n) floor, point, period, level, degree, proscenium, arena, layer; (v) present, order staggers: (v) fuss, rout, racket, bustle, hubbub, subsultus; (n) epilepsy stamping: (n) impression, blocking, coin, postage, stamping of rail stand: (v) endure, undergo; (n) rack, booth, attitude, base, pedestal; (n, v) live, position; (adj, v) suffer, tolerate. ANTONYMS: (v) sit, lie, yield, forbid; (n) top standing: (n) fame, position, importance, prestige, place, reputation, footing; (adj) erect, motionless, continuance; (n, v) stand. ANTONYMS: (adj) seated, moving, horizontal, falling, temporary stands: (n) bleachers, stood, grandstand, standing, stop, covered stand, standpoint, stall, sales booth, reviewing stand, rack star: (n, v) asterisk; (n) ace, luminary, personality, headliner, leading, lead, idol, asterism; (adj, n) principal, champion. ANTONYMS: (n) nonentity, failure, villain; (adj) insignificant, lousy starfish: (n) asteroid, sea star, asterids, stellerid, crossfish, asteridian, echinoderm

134 stars: (n) heavenly bodies, fate start: (n) onset, origin; (v) begin, originate, drive, commence, embark, spring, enter; (n, v) launch, shock. ANTONYMS: (n, v) finish, stop; (v) conclude, halt, terminate, arrive; (n) conclusion, demise, departure, middle, culmination starting: (adj) opening, initial; (n) start, commencement, first, outset, kickoff, origin, departure, origination, onset state: (n) nation, position, kingdom, status, country; (n, v) say, show, place; (adj) national; (v) express, expound. ANTONYMS: (adj) private; (n) monarchy; (v) conceal, refute station: (adj, n, v) rank, standing; (v) locate, put; (n, v) post, seat, position, stand, base, site, order stay: (adj, n, v) remain; (n, v) rest, prop, stop, delay, abide, continue, pause, endure, halt, support. ANTONYMS: (v) change, abscond, depart, move, disappear, become, go stealing: (n) pilferage, larceny, theft, steal, burglary, misappropriation, embezzlement, stolen, thievery, pilfering, thieving step: (n) stage, degree, rank, level, gait, gradation, footprint; (n, v) walk, measure, stride; (v) tread stepmother: (n) stepdame stepped: (v) advanced, gone, stopen steps: (n) step, stairs, staircase, stairway, flight, stepladder, scale, backstairs, companionway, escalator, stair sternly: (adv) severely, strictly, austerely, harshly, rigidly, grimly, rigorously, stringently, seriously, relentlessly, solemnly. ANTONYMS: (adv) leniently, lightheartedly, kindly, warmly, cheerfully stick: (adj, v) adhere, cohere; (n, v) stab, paste, staff; (v) cling, attach, fix, bind, affix; (n) bar. ANTONYMS: (v) detach, open, undo stilted: (adj, v) pompous, pedantic; (adj) formal, pretentious, bombastic, artificial, stiff, unnatural, inflated, turgid; (v) magniloquent. ANTONYMS: (adj) spontaneous, expressive, flowing, instinctive, effortless, lively, relaxed stingy: (adj) mean, miserly, avaricious, low, penurious, skimpy, greedy, niggard, frugal; (adj, v) narrow, close. ANTONYMS: (adj) generous, spendthrift,

The Sea-Gull magnanimous, extravagant stir: (adj, n, v) move, bustle; (v) rouse, arouse, affect, agitate, inspire; (adj, n) movement; (n) commotion, excitement, disturbance. ANTONYMS: (v) dampen, retire, stultify, bore, steady, stifle, suppress; (n) quiet, peace; (n, v) calm stolen: (adj) stealed, stole, stealing, steal, steals, furtive, stealthy, secret, taken, misbegotten, sly stone: (n) jewel, rock, pebble, gem, calculus, gemstone, kernel, concretion; (n, v) pit; (v) lapidate, pelt stones: (n) shingle, grit stool: (n) seat, bench, footstool, feces, dejection, faeces, ordure, fecal matter, droppings, bowel movement, form stop: (int, n, v) hold, stand; (adj, n, v) stay, cease; (n, v) check, end, close, block, bar, arrest; (v) obstruct. ANTONYMS: (n, v) continue; (v) begin, encourage, permit, prolong, persevere, expedite, accelerate; (n) continuation, proceed, go stopping: (n) stoppage, cessation, shutdown, padding, fillet, suspension, stay, discontinuance, abeyance, interruption; (adv) haltingly stops: (n) Chicago, Michigan, Newmarket, boodle, halts, stop, stoppages, stopped, stopping, card game, moolah stories: (n) tale storks: (n) spoonbills, order Ciconiiformes, ibises, flamingos, Ciconiiformes, family Ciconiidae storm: (n, v) rush, tempest, hail, attack, assault, charge; (v) fume; (n) shower, blizzard, hurricane, gust. ANTONYM: (n) trickle story: (n, v) history, tale, narrative; (n) recital, narration, report, account, level, legend, novel, stage. ANTONYM: (n) fact strange: (adj) foreign, peculiar, unusual, abnormal, outlandish, irregular, odd, new, mysterious, extraordinary, curious. ANTONYMS: (adj) ordinary, normal, familiar, typical, usual, conventional, explicable, sensible, mainstream, known, human stranger: (n) foreigner, outsider, newcomer, outlander, immigrant, intruder, unknown, tramontane, trespasser; (adj) foreign, strange. ANTONYMS: (n) pal, native,

associate, resident, familiar strangle: (v) smother, stifle, asphyxiate, scrag, tighten, repress, constrict, pinch, strangulate; (adj, v) throttle; (n) strangling street: (n) road, avenue, way, highway, route, lane, neighborhood, path, track, boulevard, Main Street streets: (n) street strength: (n, v) power; (n) energy, firmness, endurance, stability, potency, health, soundness; (adj, n, v) might; (adj, n) vigor, intensity. ANTONYMS: (n) frailty, shortcoming, flaw, faintness, powerlessness, moderation, limitation, instability, impotence, feebleness, disadvantage stretched: (adj) extended, stiff, tight, tense, stretched out, strained, expanded, outstretched, elongated, outspread, prolonged. ANTONYMS: (adj) loose, short strike: (n, v) hit, beat, bang, knock, assault, slap, clap, rap, smash; (v) impress, move. ANTONYMS: (n) defense; (v) extinguish, defend strokes: (n) approval, reward, recognition, prize, acclaim, credit, brownie points struggling: (v) strive; (adj) harassed, hostile, under pressure, stressed, aggressive, agonizing, rebellious, belligerent, careworn; (n) colluctation stuck: (adj) stranded, jammed, delayed, fast; (adj, adv) aground; (n) stuck ware, thrust, sticking; (v) sticked, fasten, attach. ANTONYMS: (adj) unstuck, loose stuff: (v) fill, jam, pack, ram, squeeze, pad; (n) material, cloth, matter, gear; (n, v) force. ANTONYMS: (v) starve, unpack, empty stuffed: (adj) crammed, packed, congested, replete, loaded, filled, fraught, chock-full, crowded, jammed, gorged. ANTONYMS: (adj) hungry, lacking stump: (n) stub, end, pulpit; (v) confuse, stamp, baffle, perplex, nonplus, puzzle, bewilder, mystify. ANTONYM: (v) explain stupid: (adj, n) foolish, silly, simple, absurd; (adj, adv, n) dull; (adj) idiotic, ridiculous, senseless, fatuous, crass, insane. ANTONYMS: (adj) wise, clever, bright, intelligent, shrewd, prudent, responsible, smart, great, sensitive, useful stupidity: (n) foolishness, nonsense, obtuseness, dullness, fatuity,

Anton Chekhov absurdity, stolidity, slowness, denseness, idiocy, imbecility. ANTONYMS: (n) sense, logic, cleverness, shrewdness, wisdom, ability sturdy: (adj) strong, stout, solid, rugged, firm, mighty, robust, healthy, muscular; (adj, n) burly, brawny. ANTONYMS: (adj) flimsy, puny, fragile, rickety, slight, ramshackle, infirm, frail, feeble, delicate, soft subject: (n) matter, citizen, motif, question, issue, affair, point, national; (adj, v) exposed; (adj, n) dependent, inferior. ANTONYMS: (n) foreigner, resolution; (adj) impervious submissive: (adj) obedient, passive, meek, dutiful, obsequious, docile, compliant, resigned, subject, lowly, servile. ANTONYMS: (adj) assertive, resistant, disobedient, defiant, obstinate, rebellious, wild, intractable, proactive; (adv) bossily success: (n) conquest, prosperity, achievement, hit, passing, victory, effectiveness, accomplishment, triumph, coup, achiever. ANTONYMS: (n) flop, disappointment, prevention, debacle, defeat, fruitlessness, poverty, dissatisfaction, inefficiency, criticism suddenly: (adj, adv) quickly, rapidly, immediately, presto; (adv) hastily, short, all at once, sudden, sharply, unexpectedly, instantly. ANTONYMS: (adv) increasingly, predictably, slowly, gently, progressively, sensibly, eventually suffer: (v) encounter, stand, accept, undergo, brook, experience, have, endure, abide, sustain; (adj, v) allow. ANTONYMS: (v) enjoy, rejoice, flourish suffered: (adj) permitted, permissive sufficient: (adj) adequate, proper, commensurate, competent, good, acceptable, apt, ample, full; (adj, n) enough; (adv) quite. ANTONYMS: (adj) inadequate, insufficient, unacceptable, unsatisfactory, impossible, appalling sugar: (n) darling, saccharide, carbohydrate, love, beloved, jaggary; (adj, n) dear; (v) saccharify, sweeten, dulcify, edulcorate suicide: (n) harikari, killer, suttee, putting to death, Juggernaut, assisted suicide, slayer; (adj) suicidal suit: (adj, v) fit, please; (adj, n, v)

correspond; (n) lawsuit, plea, action, case; (v) adapt, accommodate, become; (n, v) answer. ANTONYM: (v) clash sulphur: (n, v) sulfur; (v) brimstone; (n) s, atomic number, element, chemical element, mho, native sulfur, quebrith, reciprocal ohm, sec sultry: (adj) hot, humid, muggy, oppressive, stifling, sticky, ardent, sensual, stuffy, sweltering, torrid. ANTONYMS: (adj) fresh, cool, cold, temperate, dry summer: (n) summertime, joist, rafter, beam, scaffold, season, skeleton, corner stone, lintel, transom, girder. ANTONYM: (n) winter sunk: (adj) sunken, undone, finished, ruined, profound, immersed, damaged, lowed, lying flat; (v) cut up, dashed sunset: (n) dusk, sundown, nightfall, twilight, night, sunsetting, periodic event, crepuscule, atmospheric phenomenon, hour, recurrent event. ANTONYMS: (n) sunrise, daybreak superb: (adj) beautiful, brilliant, magnificent, exquisite, gorgeous, super, rich, marvelous, grand, excellent, glorious. ANTONYMS: (adj) poor, inferior, terrible, meager, abysmal, dire, humble, inglorious, ugly, unattractive, unimpressive superfluous: (adj, v) spare; (adj) needless, extra, excess, excessive, unnecessary, surplus, pointless, superabundant, supernumerary, supererogatory. ANTONYMS: (adj) indispensable, important, essential, basic, pertinent superior: (adj) dominant, exceptional, predominant, better, great, proud, arrogant, excellent, select, high; (adj, n) elder. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) inferior, subscript; (adj) humble, worse, poor, adscript, junior, lesser, low; (n) subordinate, associate superstitious: (adj) superstition, false, groundless, eerie, irrational, fallacious supper: (n) meal, tea, lunch, repast, reception, mealtime, siesta, social affair; (v) dejeuner, bever, whet support: (n, v) stand, aid, keep, prop, comfort, patronage; (adj, n, v) assist; (v) brace; (adj, v) encourage, back; (n) maintenance. ANTONYMS: (n, v) neglect; (v) undermine, reject, weaken, abandon, condemn, contradict, disapprove, release; (n) hindrance, opposition

135 suppose: (v) infer, guess, speculate, divine, presume, conjecture, reckon, imagine, estimate, consider, assume. ANTONYMS: (v) disbelieve, know, measure, despair, doubt, speculate suppressed: (adj) stifled, smothered, strangled, repressed, downtrodden, buried, hidden, pent-up, latent, untold; (n) subordinate. ANTONYMS: (adj) publicized, overt sure: (adj) secure, reliable, safe, indisputable, dependable, assured, positive; (adj, v) steady, firm; (adv) certainly; (adj, adv) for certain. ANTONYMS: (adj) doubtful, uncertain, unsure, hesitant, humbled, dubious, indefinite, wavering, wobbly, unconvinced; (adv) doubtfully surely: (adv) positively, definitely, confidently, securely, undoubtedly, clearly, firmly, assuredly, absolutely; (adj, adv) really; (adv, int) of course. ANTONYMS: (adv) questionably, uncertain, weakly surface: (n) superficies, grain; (v) emerge, appear, coat, come out; (adj, n) exterior, outside; (n, v) face; (adj) external, superficial. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) interior, middle, inside; (n) core; (v) sink, submerge, fall; (adj) deep, subsurface, overhead, inner surfeited: (adj) full, gorged, perfect, satiate, sick, impaired, overfull, made pregnant, jaded, impregnated, plenteous sweat: (n, v) work, toil, struggle; (v) perspire, drudge, exude; (n) perspiration, lather, sudor, effort; (adj) perspiring. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore; (n) entertainment, ease, relaxation sweeps: (n) sweep period sweet: (adj) fresh, mellow, lovable, dear, pleasant, musical, melodious, pleasing, sugary; (adj, v) lovely; (adj, n) beloved. ANTONYMS: (adj) discordant, bitter, acid, sharp, acidic, pungent, salty, harsh, detestable, cacophonous, dry sweetmeats: (n) rapier, plait, pastry, lugging, food, tuck swept: (adj) clean swim: (n) dip, swimming, bathing, diving; (adj) rise; (v) hover, spin, drift, spire, plane, reel symbolically: (adv) figuratively, allegorically, metaphorically, typically, representatively, symbolicly sympathetic: (adj, v) compassionate, tender, affectionate; (adj, n) kindly,

136 congenial, humane, gentle, favorable; (adj) merciful, agreeable, friendly. ANTONYMS: (adj) hardhearted, unfeeling, callous, uncaring, unsociable, unforgiving, unfriendly, negative, sarcastic, opposed, unhelpful table: (n) board, schedule, chart, stand, list, desk, plateau, platen; (v) defer, shelve, postpone. ANTONYMS: (v) decide, vote, withdraw taken: (adj) occupied, full, interpreted, appropriated, seized, overcome, affected, besotted; (v) take, get, receive. ANTONYMS: (adj) given, free taking: (adj) fetching, attractive, contagious, winning, catching, fascinating, captivating; (n) capture, receipt, angry mood, acharnement. ANTONYM: (n) rejection talent: (n) genius, ability, aptitude, capacity, skill, knack, flair, capability; (n, v) endowment, faculty; (adj, n) cleverness. ANTONYMS: (n) incapacity, lack, stupidity, incompetence, ineptness, drawback talented: (adj) clever, gifted, capable, accomplished, proficient, apt, versatile, promising, ingenious, expert, competent. ANTONYMS: (adj) mediocre, slow, ordinary, incompetent, bad, clumsy talents: (adj) talent, ability, capacity, parts, ingenuity, cleverness, turn; (n) faculty, endowment, genius, accomplishment talk: (n, v) discourse, gossip, converse, lecture, chatter, chat, address; (v) articulate, speak, prattle; (n) language. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse; (n) silence talking: (n) talk, conversation, nothingness, speech, speaking, verbal communication, words, yak, language; (adj) sound, levelheaded. ANTONYM: (adj) silent taps: (n) demise, bugle call taste: (n, v) relish, sample, smack, touch; (n) flavor, liking, penchant, morsel, bit, drop, fondness. ANTONYMS: (n) dislike, tastelessness, disinclination, hate, lot, coarseness, uncouthness; (v) abstain, refrain tear: (n, v) rip, break, split, rupture, crack, run, slit; (v) pull, rend, lacerate; (adj, v) rush. ANTONYMS: (v) wait, mend, idle, fix, amble, dawdle

The Sea-Gull tearing: (adj) fierce, violent, vehement, furious, ripping, ferocious; (n) lachrymation, lacrimation, riving ahead, tear, lancination tears: (n) cry, crying, snivel, brine, weeping, activity, bawling, bodily function, bodily process, body process, lacerations tedium: (n) ennui, monotony, tediousness, dullness, sameness, dreariness, lifelessness, difficulty, drabness; (adj) dull work, humdrum. ANTONYMS: (n) excitement, diversion, variation, entertainment, ease teeth: (v) mortar and pestle, gristmill, nutmeg grater, grater, file, arrastra, rasp, mill, unguis, tentacle; (n) gear teeth telephone: (v) call, ring, call up, give a call, wireless telephone; (n, v) telegraph; (n) telephony, earpiece, radiophone, radiotelephone, handset tell: (n, v) disclose, impart, count; (v) relate, reveal, recount, divulge, explain, communicate; (adj, v) declare, express. ANTONYMS: (v) request, misunderstand, estimate, listen, figure, guess, withhold, conceal, suppress, confuse telling: (adj, v) significant; (adj) revealing, emphatic, impressive, effectual, effective, pregnant, cogent; (n) relation, recounting, notice. ANTONYMS: (adj) secretive, unimportant, insignificant, hidden temper: (adj, v) moderate, soften, mitigate, harden; (n) character, disposition, humor, nature; (v) modify, season, qualify. ANTONYMS: (n, v) upset; (v) soften, agitate, excite, flex, bend, increase; (n) composure, happiness, wrath, equanimity temporarily: (adv) for the time being, transitorily, transiently, temporally, momentarily, for a moment, ephemerally, makeshiftly, interimly, impermanently, evanescently. ANTONYMS: (adv) permanently, enduringly, everlastingly tender: (n, v) offer, proffer, bid; (adj, v) affectionate; (adj) painful, sensitive, soft, loving, sore; (v) propose, present. ANTONYMS: (adj) hardhearted, rubbery, hard, rough, uncaring, healthy, mature, unfeeling, cold, experienced; (v) withdraw tenderly: (adv) softly, kindly,

delicately, affectionately, fondly, warmly, painfully, sensitively, caringly, sympathetically, gently. ANTONYMS: (adv) roughly, severely, disapprovingly, harshly terrace: (n) veranda, bench, porch, balcony, yard, ledge, platform, portico, backyard, area, accommodation terrible: (adj) horrible, dreadful, horrid, monstrous, abominable, ghastly, dire, appalling, fearful, awful, hideous. ANTONYMS: (adj) lovely, pleasant, great, laudable, excellent, superb, mild, slight, minor, brilliant, insignificant terribly: (adv) horribly, awfully, terrifically, very, badly, awful, appallingly, atrociously, terrificly; (adj, adv) frightfully, shockingly. ANTONYMS: (adv) wonderfully, slightly, superbly, fortunately, happily, laudably, little, marvelously, pleasantly, hardly, honorably terrified: (adj) afraid, frightened, fearful, panicky, panicked, aghast, timid, timorous, apprehensive, startled, alarmed. ANTONYMS: (adj) fearless, brave thank: (v) give thanks, recognize, bless, thanks, give thanks to, convey, acknowledged, remercy, impart thanks: (n) acknowledgment, gratitude, blessing, grace, praise, gratefulness, recognition, credit, benediction, thankfulness; (int) thank you. ANTONYMS: (n) criticism, blame theatre: (n) theater, house, cinema, stage, arena, playhouse, dramaturgy, dramatics, dramatic art, theater of operations, battleground theatricals: (n) Melpomene and Thalia, sock, Thespis, acting, dramaturgy, buskin, cothurnus themselves: (pron) myself, itself, yourself; (n) yourselves theory: (n) supposition, assumption, conjecture, hypothesis, speculation, guess, idea, opinion, surmise, presumption, belief. ANTONYMS: (n) reality, practice, proof thing: (n) affair, occurrence, object, event, concern, something, article, happening, substance, occasion, being things: (n) gear, belongings, equipment, garb, garment, clothes, paraphernalia, goods, life, property,

Anton Chekhov palliament thinking: (n) consideration, idea, opinion, reasoning, intellection, cogitation, conception, contemplation; (adj) intelligent, thoughtful, meditative thinner: (n) dilutant, solvent, reducer, rarefied, phenylic acid, phenol, propanone, perchloromethane, resolvent, oxybenzene, methylbenzene third: (n) second, tierce, three, third part, terzetto, hot corner, third base; (adv) thirdly; (adj) triple, thrid, tertial thirst: (n, v) hunger, lust, wish; (n) longing, yen, craving, hankering, dryness, appetite; (v) starve, crave. ANTONYM: (n) dislike thirty: (n) large integer, termination; (adj) thretty thither: (adv) hither, whither, on that point, in that respect, at that place, in that location; (adj) further, ulterior, remoter, succeeding, more distant though: (adj, conj) however; (conj) still, notwithstanding, nevertheless, albeit, whereas, while; (adv) even, after all, tho'; (adv, conj) tho thought: (n) idea, impression, conception, belief, concept; (adj, n) opinion, feeling, sentiment; (n, v) consideration, reflection, observation. ANTONYMS: (n) thing, vacuity, vacancy, concrete, thoughtlessness, inattention, impulsiveness, certainty, neglect, trust thoughtfully: (adv) considerately, carefully, kindly, reflectively, meditatively, attentively, solemnly, contemplatively, seriously, prudently, cautiously. ANTONYMS: (adv) unsympathetically, unthinkingly, carelessly, contentedly, rashly, inconsiderately, selfishly, meanly, insensitively, tactlessly, cruelly thoughts: (n) mind, opinion, depth of thought, feelings, reflection, ideas, workings of the mind, view, stance, position, considered opinion thousand: (adj, n) one thousand, k, m; (n) grand, g, thou, cat Valium, constant of gravitation, grounds, curtilage; (adj) a thousand thrilled: (adj) jubilant, excited, happy, overjoyed, elated, ecstatic, pleased, thrillful, contented, grateful, flattered. ANTONYMS: (adj) bored, unhappy, depressed,

desolate, sad, down, miserable throng: (n, v) swarm, herd, mob, flock, press; (n) multitude, host, horde, mass, assembly, concourse. ANTONYMS: (n) trickle, few; (v) disperse throw: (n, v) cast, pitch, push; (v) shed, hurl, heave, chuck, flip, pass, hurtle; (n) shot. ANTONYMS: (v) explain, help, receive, clarify, encourage thrown: (adj) puzzled, confused, thrown and twisted, upset, disconcerted, unnerved, terrified, scared out of your wits, mystified, frightened; (n) reminder. ANTONYM: (adj) calm thursday: (n) thorium tight: (adj, v) narrow, parsimonious, compact, stingy; (adj, adv, v) fast, firm; (adj) mean, taut, secure, snug, tense. ANTONYMS: (adj) generous, baggy, slack, wide, easy, open, leaky, giving, free, floppy; (adv) loosely till: (conj, prep) until, unto; (v) plow, hoe, farm, dig; (adj) up to; (n) tiller, drawer; (adv) so far; (prep) to times: (n) present time, modern times, contemporary world, multiplication, time, period, era, many years duration, epoch, present, arithmetic operation timidly: (adv) fearfully, timorously, cautiously, shyly, diffidently, anxiously, nervously, shily, gingerly, modestly, apprehensively. ANTONYMS: (adv) confidently, bravely, daringly, brashly, fearlessly, decisively, brazenly tinct: (n, v) tint; (v) tinge, dye, imbue, bepaint, stain, wash, colour, hue, come to, comprehend tiniest: (adj) minimum, smallest possible, least possible, lowest, lowest possible, smallest. ANTONYM: (adj) maximum tiptoe: (v) tip, tippytoe, creep, patter, skirt, skip, tilt, sidle, lean; (adj) alert; (n) quieter. ANTONYM: (v) clump tired: (adj, v) fatigued, weary, exhausted, stale; (adj) threadbare, commonplace, trite, banal, haggard, stock, jaded. ANTONYMS: (adj) invigorated, alert, refreshed, energetic, original, strong, awake, energized, lively, rested, relaxed tiresome: (adj) tedious, dull, laborious, irksome, monotonous, annoying, slow, dreary, bothersome; (adj, v) wearisome, troublesome. ANTONYMS: (adj) stimulating, fun,

137 varied, soothing, pleasant, brisk, exciting, convenient, refreshing tobacco: (adj) nicotine; (n) filler, nicotian, plant product, mustard tree, herb, herbaceous plant, common tobacco, drug of abuse, street drug, smoking mixture today: (adj, n) present; (adv) these days, currently, nowadays, presently, at present, right away, immediately; (n) modern times; (adj) modern, recent. ANTONYM: (adv) yesterday together: (adv) in concert, conjointly, at the same time, at once, simultaneously, mutually, in unison, all together, at the same moment; (adj) united, stable. ANTONYMS: (adv) separately, individually, independently, apart, alone; (adj) separate, upset, unstable, separated, imbalanced, scatterbrained told: (v) related, narrated; (adj) numbered, oral, spoken, legendary, verbal, manifest took: (adj) taken; (v) receive tops: (n) apex, pinnacle, pick; (adj) champion, elite, fabulous, leading, outstanding, uppermost, superb, superlative torment: (n, v) tease, distress, harass, afflict, pain, annoy; (n) agony, anguish, suffering; (v) persecute, oppress. ANTONYMS: (v) please, delight, placate, comfort, soothe; (n) contentment, happiness, pleasure, calm, content torn: (adj, prep) lacerated, rent, mangled; (adj) ripped, tattered, blasted, lacerate, shabby, goddamned, infernal, made uninhabitable. ANTONYMS: (adj) pristine, sure, resolute, healed, decided, mended torture: (n, v) pain, distress, agonize, afflict; (n) agony, anguish, suffering, excruciation, grief; (v) rack, excruciate. ANTONYMS: (n) relief, alleviation, content, ecstasy, joy, pleasure; (v) relieve, alleviate tortured: (adj) anguished, suffering, agonized, excruciate, excruciated, gnarled, hagridden, miserable, woeful, hurt touch: (v) hit, affect, border, adjoin, strike, reach; (n, v) contact, stroke, tinge, regard, tap. ANTONYMS: (v) shrink, secrete, separate, diverge, abstain, leave; (n) lot touched: (adj) insane, cracked, tinged, not right, daft, crazy, nutty; (v) compassionate, sympathetic,

138 pitiful, mucid. ANTONYMS: (adj) untouched, sane, unemotional, unmoved, well tour: (n, v) excursion, expedition, voyage, travel, ride, tramp; (n) circuit, round, jaunt, passage, trip toward: (prep) to, towards, approaching, headed for, just before, of, in the direction of; (adv, prep) on; (adv) about, around, by. ANTONYMS: (prep) from, away tower: (n) column, spire, steeple, pinnacle, pylon, castle; (adj, n) pillar; (v) ascend, rise, loom, arise town: (adj) municipal, urban; (n) borough, township, village, burgh, burg, municipality, townspeople, metropolis; (adj, n) community. ANTONYMS: (adj) country, private track: (n, v) trail, course, path, hunt; (v) tail, chase, pursue, follow; (n) line, route, racetrack. ANTONYMS: (v) lead, precede tragedian: (n) thespian, comedian, role player, histrion, actor, author, player tragedy: (n) calamity, disaster, misfortune, play, cataclysm, drama, bad luck, bale, apocalypse, farce, tragic. ANTONYMS: (n) humor, blessing, joy, boon, advantage, comedy trail: (n, v) track, haul, trace, tail, hunt, path, train; (v) drag, pursue, chase, draw. ANTONYMS: (n) room; (v) push, precede train: (v) aim, exercise, direct, educate, tame, prepare, school; (n, v) coach, trail, tail; (n) chain. ANTONYMS: (v) neglect, forget; (n) head tramp: (n) bum, hobo, beggar; (n, v) walk, trudge, vagabond, ramble, march; (v) roam, range, plod. ANTONYMS: (n, v) loyalist; (n) resident trample: (v) oppress, stamp, squash, crush, tread, flatten, defeat, suppress, step, frustrate; (n) trampling transformed: (adj) changed, malformed, rehabilitated, bewitched, misshapen, distorted, reformed trash: (n) rubbish, litter, scum, garbage, refuse, rubble, debris; (n, v) scrap, junk; (v) destroy; (adj, n) trumpery. ANTONYMS: (n) valuables, sense, possessions, assets, fact; (v) renovate, conserve travels: (n) actions, expedition treadmill: (n) exercise device, galleys,

The Sea-Gull grind, grinder, groove, rat race, routine, rut, treadwheel; (adj) humdrum, monotonous treasure: (n) gem, fortune, riches, funds; (n, v) hoard, prize, store; (v) cherish, appreciate; (adj, n) jewel, precious stone. ANTONYMS: (v) dislike, disparage, scorn, neglect; (n) dud, poverty treated: (adj) tempered, hardened, emotionally hardened, inured, baked, physically toughened, enured, burned, tough, burnt, considered. ANTONYM: (adj) untempered tree: (n) gallows, gibbet, stem, pedigree, kurchee, quandong, poon, platan, lemonwood, lancewood, lacebark trees: (n) foliage tremble: (adj, n, v) shiver; (n, v) quiver, shudder, thrill, palpitate; (adj, v) totter, quake; (n) throb; (v) flutter, quail, falter. ANTONYMS: (v) steady, calm trembling: (adj, n) shaking; (adj, n, v) tremor; (adj) shaky, quaking, shivering, flutter; (n) palpitation, quiver, vibration, shiver, quake. ANTONYMS: (adj) stable, steady tricks: (n) actions, behavior, thing, clowning around, fooling, magic, plunder, possession, activities trifle: (n, v) play; (adj, n, v) trinket; (v) dally, fiddle, flirt, fool, frivol; (n) nothing, triviality, detail; (adj, n) bagatelle trifling: (adj) paltry, slight, petty, negligible, immaterial, worthless, trivial, minor, small; (adj, v) inconsequential; (adj, n) frivolity. ANTONYMS: (adj) significant, worthwhile, major, considerable, crucial, enormous, great, mature, profound, substantial; (n) importance trimmed: (adj) down, slashed, shortened, neat, mown, level, gelded, emasculated, demure, cunning, sly trip: (n, v) journey, excursion, tour, expedition, travel, jaunt; (adj, n, v) slip, stumble, blunder; (n) flight; (adj, v) fall. ANTONYMS: (n) correction; (v) correct tripping: (adj) easy, flowing, lightsome, readable, swinging, swingy, nimble, lilting, light, fluent; (v) failing triumph: (v) exult, prevail, crow, rejoice, succeed; (n, v) glory, win, joy; (n) victory, conquest, exultation.

ANTONYMS: (n) failure, defeat, sorrow, unhappiness, dud, sadness, loss, flop; (v) fail, lose, forfeit trivial: (adj) trifling, frivolous, little, small, commonplace, superficial, petty, paltry, inconsiderable, piddling, slight. ANTONYMS: (adj) important, vital, major, urgent, profound, crucial, consequential, considerable, enormous, mature, serious trouble: (n, v) inconvenience, pain, bother, disquiet, disorder, worry, annoy, fuss, afflict, torment; (adj, n) difficulty. ANTONYMS: (v) please, help, assist, aid, placate, soothe, comfort; (n) fitness, pleasure, advantage, ease troubled: (adj, v) concerned, solicitous; (adj) distressed, anxious, worried, uneasy, uncomfortable, disconcerted, upset, apprehensive, restless. ANTONYMS: (adj) unconcerned, composed, calm, easy, relaxed, tranquil, assured, carefree, brave, stable, unaffected true: (adj, n) genuine, authentic; (adj) right, faithful, even, correct, accurate, honest, straight, truthful; (adj, v) actual. ANTONYMS: (adj) inaccurate, untrue, bogus, untrustworthy, unrealistic, mythical, fraudulent, faithless, disloyal; (adv) wrongly, dishonestly trunk: (n) stem, boot, torso, bole, body, stalk, snout, proboscis, stock, tree trunk, box trunks: (n) short pants, pants, luggage, Jockey shorts, Jamaica shorts, Bermuda shorts, bathing trunks, bathing suit, costume, drawers, swimming trunks trustingly: (adv) confidingly, unsuspectingly, naively, credulously, innocently, confidently, showing trust. ANTONYMS: (adv) doubtfully, distrustfully truth: (n) exactness, actuality, sincerity, verity, fidelity, fact, correctness, genuineness, faithfulness, certainty, honesty. ANTONYMS: (n) dishonesty, fabrication, falsehood, fiction, lie, inaccuracy, idealism, falsity, disloyalty, fallacy, invention trying: (adj) hard, taxing, arduous, thorny, severe, bothersome, tough, demanding, annoying, tiresome, rugged. ANTONYMS: (adj) rewarding, facile, relaxing, satisfying, simple, pleasant, pleasing, refreshing, soothing

Anton Chekhov turban: (n) peruke, pelt, periwig, pillbox, toque, front, caftan, chignon, turbant, headgear, millinery turkish: (adj) turkeys turn: (n, v) curve, roll, twist, go, coil, round, change, bent, spin; (n) bout; (v) revolve. ANTONYMS: (n) failure, Miss, stagnation; (v) unbend turned: (adj) off, curved, rancid, twisted, false, bent, altered, sullen, having inflections, versed, glowering. ANTONYM: (adj) unturned twice: (adv) doubly, bis, two times, in two ways, once more; (adj) twenty twinkling: (n) moment, jiffy, minute, second, flash, trice, twinkle, wink, split second, breath; (adj) sparkling. ANTONYM: (adj) dull tyrant: (n) dictator, oppressor, autocrat, disciplinarian, bully, authoritarian, sovereign, czar, monarch, suzerain, stickler ugly: (adj, adv) surly; (adj) nasty, repulsive, frightful, forbidding, disagreeable, hideous, gruesome, evil, offensive, shocking. ANTONYMS: (adj) attractive, flowing, ornamental, nice, lovely, pleasant, safe, kind, gentle, appealing, agreeable unable: (adj) incapable, ineffective, incompetent, impotent, helpless, ineffectual, inefficient, inadequate, unqualified, unfit, not able. ANTONYMS: (adj) able, capable, competent, eligible, powerful unceasing: (adj) ceaseless, incessant, perpetual, continuous, constant, continual, everlasting, eternal, lasting, uninterrupted, endless. ANTONYMS: (adj) acute, intermittent, sporadic unchained: (adj) unreined, unmuzzled, uncurbed, freed, unbound, unfettered, untied, unsubject, ungoverned, unenthralled, unenslaved uncle: (n) father's younger brother, elder uncle, father's older brother, father's sister's husband, husband of paternal aunt, maternal uncle, niece, benefactor, EME, helper, kinsman unconscious: (adj) involuntary, unaware, ignorant, unwitting, subconscious, oblivious, automatic, insensible, unintentional, instinctive, senseless. ANTONYMS: (adj) conscious, awake, deliberate, aware, voluntary, intentional, alive, wary uncontrollable: (adj) unruly,

incontrollable, ungovernable, unmanageable, intractable, undisciplined, disobedient, indocile, overwhelming, boisterous; (adj, v) uncontrolled. ANTONYMS: (adj) controllable, imperceptible, orderly, biddable, weak under: (adj) lower, down, nether, bottom, inferior, low, subject; (adv, prep) beneath, underneath; (adv) downstairs, infra. ANTONYMS: (adv, prep) over, above; (adv) primary, higher, major understand: (v) interpret, hear, see, catch, learn, translate, grasp, construe, gather; (adj, v) realize, take. ANTONYMS: (v) misinterpret, misconstrue, misunderstand, disbelieve, mistake, reject, deny, Miss understanding: (n, v) intellect, reason, intelligence, appreciation, sense, apprehension, discernment, judgment; (n) comprehension, sympathy, deal. ANTONYMS: (n) bewilderment, disbelief, misinterpretation, misunderstanding, mistake, indifference, incomprehension, foolishness, emotion; (adj) intolerant, unfeeling uneasy: (adj) anxious, fidgety, restless, concerned, nervous, apprehensive, ill at ease, unquiet, awkward, fretful, restive. ANTONYMS: (adj) calm, untroubled, composed, relaxed, easy, unconcerned, still, comfortable, carefree, confident, serene unendurable: (adj) intolerable, insufferable, insupportable, excruciating, impossible, unsupportable, uneasy, teasing, passionate, not patient, intolerant. ANTONYM: (adj) bearable unfinished: (adj) rough, rude, unaccomplished, imperfect, incomplete, partial, immature, unpolished, raw, undone; (v) uncompleted. ANTONYMS: (adj) finished, complete, complex, completed unforeseen: (adj, v) unexpected, unanticipated, unlooked for; (adj) sudden, accidental, contingent, casual, surprising, chance, incidental; (adj, adv) out of the blue. ANTONYMS: (adj) predicted, expected, direct unfortunate: (adj) inauspicious, sad, hapless, bad, inopportune,

139 disastrous, adverse, deplorable, infelicitous, untoward, lamentable. ANTONYMS: (adj) lucky, auspicious, good, opportune, joyous, timely, appropriate, successful, easy, privileged unfriendly: (adj) inimical, distant, adverse, antagonistic, unkind, cold, inhospitable, icy; (adj, adv) chilly; (adj, v) unfavorable; (adv) hostilely. ANTONYMS: (adj) friendly, welcoming, warm, amiable, approachable, sociable, hospitable, kindly, nice, outgoing, pleasant unhappiness: (n) sadness, misery, melancholy, distress, grief, regret, infelicity, woe, sorrowfulness, depression, displeasure. ANTONYMS: (n) cheerfulness, pleasure, joy, elation, contentment, satisfaction, cheer unhappy: (adj) gloomy, dismal, depressed, melancholy, sad, miserable, sorrowful, distressed, disconsolate, infelicitous, low. ANTONYMS: (adj) happy, cheerful, satisfied, pleased, glad, euphoric, fortunate, contented, joyful, timely, lucky union: (n, prep) connection; (n) junction, league, merger, combination, association, confederacy, marriage, fusion, matrimony, coupling. ANTONYMS: (n) divergence, divorce, discord, division, disarray, disagreement; (adj) nonunion unite: (v) associate, meet, connect, link, blend, join, coalesce, unify, tie, amalgamate; (adj, v) fuse. ANTONYMS: (v) divide, cut, disband, disconnect, diverge, segregate, split, undo, unpick universe: (n) world, creation, cosmos, population, earth, macrocosm, space, globe, existence, outer space, mankind unknown: (adj, n) secret, alien; (adj) hidden, unfamiliar, unidentified, obscure, nameless, foreign, anonymous; (n) stranger, foreigner. ANTONYMS: (adj) familiar, recognized, famous, documented, identified, transparent; (n) native unless: (adv) but, if, yet, besides, except with, further; (adv, conj) save; (conj) without, if not; (n) provisionally; (adj) not necessary unlucky: (adj) luckless, hapless, unhappy, sinister, inauspicious, unsuccessful, ominous, adverse, disastrous, unfavorable; (adj, v)

140 untoward. ANTONYMS: (adj) fortunate, happy, auspicious, successful unnoticed: (v) unheeded, unthought of, unregarded; (adj) disregarded, unmarked, hidden, neglected, ignored, obscure; (adj, v) unremarked, unobserved. ANTONYMS: (adj) evident, seen, noticeable, noted, obvious unpleasant: (adj, n) harsh; (adj) disagreeable, obnoxious, ugly, nasty, sour, awkward, repulsive, forbidding, bad, hard. ANTONYMS: (adj) delightful, agreeable, wonderful, nice, enjoyable, attractive, comfortable, charming, inoffensive, amicable, cordial unreasoning: (adj) irrational, unintelligent, unintellectual, thoughtless, unreasonable, partisan, vacuous, unthinking, unreasoned untidy: (adj) unkempt, disheveled, disorderly, sloppy, messy, disordered, confused, disorganized, sluttish, frowzy, scruffy. ANTONYMS: (adj) tidy, neat, elegant, orderly, smart, legible, clean untie: (v) disentangle, unfasten, free, loosen, release, loose, disengage, untangle, open, unlace, unbind. ANTONYMS: (v) fasten, bind, tighten, tie, entangle, enslave, close, fetter until: (prep, v) to; (conj, prep) unto; (adj) up to; (adv) so far, yet, before, meanwhile; (prep) pending, while, during, awaiting unusual: (adj) peculiar, odd, uncommon, quaint, exotic, eccentric, remarkable, curious, irregular, special, exceptional. ANTONYMS: (adj) normal, common, customary, typical, ordinary, familiar, routine, conventional, orthodox, inconspicuous, commonplace unwarmed: (adj) unthawed, cold unwillingly: (adv) grudgingly, loathly, aversely, unenthusiastically, indisposedly, resentfully, involuntarily, recalcitrantly, refractorily, lothly, hesitatingly. ANTONYM: (adv) wholeheartedly upon: (adv, prep) above; (prep) up, onto, against, towards; (adv) on, on that occasion, then, before, by; (n) at upper: (adj) top, higher, overhead, over, topmost, highest; (n) stimulant, bennie, meth, speed, amphetamine. ANTONYMS: (adj) lower, below, junior, under, bottom urge: (v) push, press, advocate,

The Sea-Gull persuade, impel, induce; (n, v) spur, drive, force; (n) impulse; (adj, v) incite. ANTONYMS: (n) dislike, hate, aversion, disinclination; (v) dissuade, oppose, demand, prevent, restrain used: (adj) exploited, old, accustomed, worn, spent, victimized, wont, tried, decrepit, second hand, exhausted. ANTONYMS: (adj) new, unused, spanking, misused useful: (adj) helpful, beneficial, practical, handy, advantageous, valuable, convenient, effective, functional, efficient, gainful. ANTONYMS: (adj) worthless, ineffective, unusable, negative, decorative, destructive, detrimental, disadvantageous, ineffectual, irrelevant, theoretical useless: (adj) pointless, unnecessary, needless, worthless, fruitless, hopeless, abortive, idle, barren, superfluous, unavailing. ANTONYMS: (adj) helpful, effective, competent, convenient, valuable, necessary, brilliant, great, meaningful, usable, worthwhile usual: (adj, n, v) ordinary, common, customary; (adj, n) habitual, accustomed, familiar, average, regular; (adj) everyday; (adj, v) frequent, general. ANTONYMS: (adj) unconventional, extraordinary, abnormal, irregular, atypical, exceptional, unprecedented, uncommon, rare, changing, unacceptable usually: (adv) generally, ordinarily, normally, frequently, habitually, customarily, mostly, regularly, typically, as a rule, in general. ANTONYMS: (adv) rarely, exceptionally, occasionally utterly: (adv) completely, absolutely, totally, entirely, extremely, altogether, expressly, purely, dead, fully, wholly. ANTONYMS: (adv) partly, uncertain, slightly, incompletely, hardly, somewhat vagueness: (n) ambiguity, indistinctness, haziness, indefiniteness, obscurity, dimness, ambiguousness, murkiness, unclearness, indirectness; (adj) inconceivableness. ANTONYMS: (n) clarity, accuracy, exactness, directness, concentration, certainty, reliability, confidence, clearness, attentiveness vain: (adj) proud, arrogant, conceited,

fruitless, idle, empty, abortive, ineffectual, unproductive, narcissistic; (adj, v) useless. ANTONYMS: (adj) shy, successful, possible, persuasive, selfless, fruitful, humble, useful, responsible, worthwhile, effective vehicle: (n) instrument, means, channel, automobile, transport, carrier, transportation, agent, car, carriage, conveyance vexed: (adj) troubled, irritated, angry, pestered, peeved, harassed, sore, harried, uneasy, cross, offended. ANTONYMS: (adj) calm, uncomplicated victorious: (adj) triumphant, successful, winning, jubilant, victor, fortunate, lifted up; (adj, v) triumphal, exultant, triumphing, on top. ANTONYMS: (adj) beaten, unsuccessful, failing, losing, sorrowful view: (n, v) sight, scene, regard, opinion, judgment, prospect, outlook, thought; (adj, v) observe, see; (n) idea. ANTONYMS: (v) disbelieve, mistrust village: (n) neighborhood, settlement, city, community, kraal, thorp, dorp, campong, pueblo, small town; (adv) town violent: (adj, n) rough, furious, tempestuous, severe, turbulent, boisterous, powerful; (adj, v) vehement; (adj) raging, intense, sharp. ANTONYMS: (adj) gentle, calm, nonviolent, mild, passive, moderate, pleasant, slight, refined, relaxed, friendly vista: (n) outlook, panorama, horizon, aspect, scene, landscape, scenery, picture, alley; (adj, n) view, perspective vivid: (adj) intense, graphic, lifelike, brilliant, rich, live, strong, acute, animated, glowing, colorful. ANTONYMS: (adj) weak, bland, light, vague, straightforward, dark, modest, secretive vodka: (n) spirits, hard drink, liquor, hard liquor, strong drink voice: (n) speech, vox; (v) enunciate, pronounce, speak, say, vocalize, express, utter, articulate; (n, v) sound. ANTONYMS: (v) devoice, block void: (adj, n) hollow, null, blank; (n) emptiness, vacancy; (adj, v) vacant; (v) nullify, quash, rescind; (adj) invalid, vacuous. ANTONYMS: (v) validate, sanction, permit, keep,

Anton Chekhov allow; (adj) full, occupied, filled, meaningful, solid; (n) fullness vulgarity: (n) indecency, vulgarism, grossness, inelegance, crudeness, commonness, obscenity, rudeness, crudity, boorishness, indelicacy. ANTONYMS: (n) politeness, purity, classiness, civility, taste, decency wait: (n, v) pause, hold, stop; (v) expect, anticipate, stay, await, lurk, ambush, remain; (adj, v) tarry. ANTONYMS: (n) act, continuation, doing; (v) interrupt, leave, begin, depart, continue; (intj) hurry waiting: (n) abeyance, suspense, expectancy, hold, time lag, postponement; (adj) ready and waiting, ready, expectant; (adv) to come, in the making wake: (v) awaken, awake, rouse, stir, vigil, provoke, arouse, waken, excite; (n) train, trail. ANTONYMS: (v) nap, dissuade, discourage, snooze, stifle walk: (adj, n, v) step; (n, v) gait, ramble, march, pace, hike, course, saunter, stroll, roam; (n) path. ANTONYMS: (v) run, ride, stride walked: (adj) exempt; (v) yode walking: (n) gait, ambulation, wading, shuffling, shambling, marching, noctambulism, traveling; (adv) afoot; (adj) moving, active walls: (n) brickwork, buttresses, defenses, masonry, ramparts, fortifications waltz: (n) minuet, valse, tango, tap, polka, ballroom dance, music; (v) trip the light fantastic, zip, oscillate, waltz around wandering: (adj) itinerant, nomadic, erratic, rambling, errant, migratory; (adj, v) stray, vagrant, vagabond, unsettled; (n) peregrination. ANTONYM: (adj) resident want: (n, v) lack, desire, miss, wish; (n) poverty, deficiency, deprivation, famine, necessity, destitution, shortage. ANTONYMS: (n, v) hate; (n) glut, despise, luxury, option, prosperity, supply; (v) disinterest, answer wanted: (adj) welcome, cherished, precious, treasured, marketable, invited, necessary, needed, desirable, desired, loved. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwanted, unwelcome wants: (n) need, necessities warm: (adj) hot, affectionate, tender, ardent, cordial, fervent, lively, fond, loving, earnest, tepid. ANTONYMS:

(adj) cold, unfriendly, aloof, reserved, hostile, uncaring, unenthusiastic, unwelcoming, stale, offhand; (v) chill warmth: (adj, n) glow, fire; (n) temperature, warmness, passion, fervor, geniality, affection, tenderness, fondness, sympathy. ANTONYMS: (n) aloofness, chill, chilliness, coldness, coolness, unfriendliness, hostility, sourness, abruptness, plainness, frostiness washerwoman: (n) laundrywoman, washwoman, washer, washerman, dhobi, launder, laundryman waste: (adj, n, v) spoil, damage; (adj, v) desolate; (n, v) squander, ruin, consume, ravage; (adj, n) refuse, trash; (v) exhaust, spend. ANTONYMS: (v) conserve, save, use, preserve, create, build; (n) saving, possessions, hoarding, development; (adj) cultivated wasted: (adj, v) squandered, rotten, decayed, effete; (adj) thin, cadaverous, emaciated, gaunt, devastated, pointless, haggard. ANTONYMS: (adj) bloated, hypertrophied, strong, plump, obese, fruitful, useful wasting: (n) homicide, atrophy, slaughter, slaying, cachexia, assassination, cachexy, amyotrophy, carnage; (adj) consuming, consumptive watch: (n, v) view, sentinel, clock, wake, regard, care; (v) observe, look, see; (n) sentry; (adj, n) surveillance. ANTONYMS: (v) neglect, overlook, harm, hurt, glance watchman: (n) lookout, sentinel, sentry, warden, guard, watcher, security guard, keeper, caretaker, custodian, watchdog water: (n) urine, sea, lake, ocean, moisture, juice, river; (n, v) wet; (v) moisten, soak, dampen. ANTONYMS: (v) dehydrate, dry wavering: (adj, v) vacillating; (n) fluctuation, hesitation, vacillation; (adj) irresolute, indecisive, undecided, hesitant, uncertain, variable, changeable. ANTONYMS: (adj) decided, constant, resolute, stable, decisive; (n) resolution, stability waves: (n) brine, effect, salt water, deep, main, ocean, undulation, breakers, influence, emission, offing ways: (n) behavior, process, shipway, slipway, means, childbearing, conduct, construction, demeanor,

141 direction, traveling weakness: (adj, n) failing, fault, debility, defect, infirmity, fragility, feebleness, deficiency, imperfection, foible; (n) flaw. ANTONYMS: (n) power, dislike, intensity, supremacy, determination, advantage, brightness, superiority, resistance, robustness, energy wear: (n) clothing, clothes, apparel, attire, garb; (v) endure, fatigue, waste, bear, tire, fray. ANTONYMS: (v) refresh, reject, rebuild, please, freshen, disrobe, delight, cheer, refuse; (n) improvement wearing: (adj) tiring, exhausting, tiresome, wearying, trying; (n) detrition, corrasion, attrition, abrasion, eroding, ablation. ANTONYMS: (adj) refreshing, undemanding, pleasant weary: (adj, n, v) fatigue; (v) exhaust, tire out; (adj) tired, exhausted, fatigued, aweary, beat, languid; (n, v) jade, bore. ANTONYMS: (adj) energetic, fresh, lively, untiring, hopeful, refreshed; (v) refresh, enliven, energize, activate, rally weather: (v) survive, withstand, resist, brave, stand, brave out, wear; (n) climate, atmospheric condition, downfall, inclemency. ANTONYMS: (v) succumb, reject week: (n) period, minute, second, hour, rag, day, calendar week, year, sevennight, Wyke, workweek weeping: (adj) tearful, lachrymose, dolourous, dolorous; (n, v) lament, lamentation; (v) wailing; (n) sobbing, tears, cry; (adj, n) howling. ANTONYM: (n) celebration welcome: (adj) pleasant, acceptable, pleasing, agreeable; (n, v) accept; (n) hospitality, reception; (v) receive, greet, invite, hail. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwelcome, unwanted, unacceptable, displeasing, disagreeable, unpleasant; (v) reject, evict, bar; (n) unfriendliness, goodbye welfare: (n) good, benefit, health, advantage, sake, interest, wellbeing, goodness, upbeat; (adv, n) happiness, weal well-groomed: (adj) prim, spruce, tidy, trim, crisp well-known: (adj) noted, prominent, renowned, celebrated, distinguished, known, familiar, eminent, notorious, reputable, outstanding well-mannered: (adj) courteous,

142 mannerly, civil, respectful, urbane, well-bred, gentlemanly, good, genteel, gracious, ladylike went: (v) walked, proceeded wharf: (n) quay, harbor, port, pier, waterfront, jetty, nailery, bindery, beehive, basin; (n, v) berth whatever: (adj, pron) whatsoever; (pron) what, partly, whatso; (adv) no matter what, anyway, anyhow, regardless, in any case; (n) aught, anything whatsoever: (adj) any, at all, possible; (pron) what, anything, no matter what, partly, somewhat, anything that, whatso wheel: (v) revolve, spin, trundle, gyrate, twirl; (n, v) turn, cycle, circle, bicycle, bike; (n) gear wheeled: (adj) on wheels. ANTONYM: (adj) wheelless wheeling: (adj) rotating, revolving, moving; (n) rolling, city, metropolis, peal, propulsion, roll, transmission service, urban center when: (adv, conj) once, as soon as; (adv) then, because, than, since, after; (conj) although, while, if; (prep) during whenever: (n) anytime, convenience; (adv) always, whene'er. ANTONYM: (adv) immediately where: (adv) there, here, wherever, whither, in which, wherein, in what; (adv, pron) anywhere; (pron) everywhere; (n) point, spot whereas: (conj) while, though, whenas, where, albeit; (adv) when, whilst, then; (prep) because; (n) grounds for a decisions wherever: (adv) anywhere, wheresoever, everywhere, where'er; (n) anyplace whether: (pron) where while: (adv, conj) whereas, as, although; (n) time, spell, period, moment, interval; (adv) when; (conj) though; (prep) during whirlpool: (n, v) vortex, whirl, swirl, gurge; (n) maelstrom, verticity, whir; (v) undercurrent, indraught, reflux, purl whistle: (v) sing, twitter, hiss, warble, tweet, cheep, chirp, wheeze; (n, v) cry; (n) whistling, tin whistle whistling: (n) whistle, sound, tin whistle, music, pennywhistle, sign, signal, signaling white: (adj, n) pale; (adj) clean, blank, snowy, ashen, wan, achromatic, pure, pallid; (v) whiten; (n) Caucasian. ANTONYMS: (adj, n)

The Sea-Gull black; (adj) dark, rosy, red, dirty; (v) blacken whole: (adj, v) entire; (adj, n) total, integral, sum, aggregate, well; (adj, adv, n) all; (adj) complete, healthy, intact, full. ANTONYMS: (adj) incomplete, broken, partial, imperfect, unhealthy, deficient, destroyed, fractional, impaired, half, sick wicked: (adj) bad, sinful, atrocious, evil, vile, depraved, mischievous, immoral, unholy, nasty, naughty. ANTONYMS: (adj) innocent, pure, pious, moral, kind, admirable, kindhearted, helpful, decent, assisting, aiding wife: (n) matron, missis, partner, married woman, spouse, consort, helpmate, housewife, lady, woman, viscountess wild: (adj, n, v) waste, desert; (adj, v) fierce, violent, reckless, raging; (adj) boisterous, untamed, stormy, rude, desolate. ANTONYMS: (adj) calm, orderly, manageable, sane, domestic, cultivated, tame, restrained, mild, sensible, passive wilful: (adj) headstrong, deliberate, intentional, knowing, designed, wayward, obstinate, willful, stubborn, studied, persistent willed: (adj) voluntary, hereditary willing: (adj, adv) disposed; (adj) spontaneous, voluntary, ready, amenable, inclined, prepared, enthusiastic, unforced, obliging; (adj, v) consenting. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwilling, reluctant, compulsory, disagreeable, unprepared, forced, unenthusiastic, unhelpful willy-nilly: (adv) irregularly, necessarily; (adj) haphazard wind: (n, v) twist, turn; (v) meander, curl, bend, twine, curve, weave, crook; (n) air, gust. ANTONYMS: (v) unwind; (n) breeze window: (n) casement, pane, skylight, gap, Ventian window, clearstory, transom, windowpane, rosette, clerestory, embrasure wine: (n) vino, spirits, beer, saki, sake, Macon, maconnais, alcohol, liquor, dessert wine; (adj) mauve winter: (n) wintertime, season, time of year, hiems, frost, chill; (adj) wintery, wintry; (v) spend. ANTONYM: (n) heat wise: (adj) reasonable, sensible, sound, rational, sagacious, intelligent, prudent, shrewd,

discreet; (adj, n) knowing; (n) method. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwise, stupid, ignorant, mistaken, illogical, reckless, naive, irrational, dense wish: (adv, n, v) will; (n, v) want, hope, need, inclination, longing, aspiration, aim; (v) like, choose; (n) pleasure. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dislike, hate; (n) hatred, coercion, disinclination, aversion wishes: (n) desires, requirements, requests, needs, will wither: (v) shrink, wilt, contract, shrivel, languish, droop, dry, waste, wane, atrophy, decay. ANTONYMS: (v) swell, strengthen, grow, blossom, flourish without: (adv, n, prep) outside; (adj, adv) except; (adj) lacking, save barring; (prep) out of, sans; (n) minus, provisionally; (adv) save, beyond; (adv, prep) besides. ANTONYMS: (prep) with, having; (adv) inside wits: (n) intellect, mind, wit, brains, common sense, presence, percipience, observation, mother wit, right mind, judgment woke: (v) arouse woman: (n) girl, female, lady, dame, madam, mistress, matron, maid, gentlewoman, Donna, petticoat. ANTONYMS: (n) man, gentleman women: (n) sex, gentle sex wonder: (adj, n) prodigy; (n) astonishment, admiration, amazement, surprise, miracle, phenomenon, muse; (v) admire, reflect, question. ANTONYMS: (n) expectation, belief, disapproval; (v) know, believe, anticipate, decide wonderful: (adj, n) marvelous, astonishing, incredible; (adj) excellent, remarkable, phenomenal, amazing, fantastic, great, grand, super. ANTONYMS: (adj) terrible, unpleasant, dreadful, poor, rotten, abysmal, mundane, devastating, lousy, dire, ordinary wonderfully: (adv) superbly, astonishingly, terrifically, magnificently, fantastically, marvellously, wondrously, amazingly, excellently; (adj, adv) strangely, famously. ANTONYMS: (adv) awfully, unpleasantly, poorly, abysmally, unremarkably, mildly, horribly, badly, incompetently word: (n) news, tidings, password, expression, report, vocable, statement, term; (v) formulate, phrase; (n, v) advice

Anton Chekhov words: (n) speech, expression, row, text, fracas, argument; (n, v) altercation, squabble, tiff, dispute, quarrel worked: (adj) elaborated, beaten working: (adj) practical, active, busy, in action, in force; (n) operation, play, agency, movement; (adj, n) running, functioning. ANTONYMS: (adj) passive, unemployed, inoperative, inactive, idle, ineffective workman: (n) laborer, working man, worker, employee, hand, operative, artisan, working person, lather, mechanic, artificer works: (n) plant, workings, mill, manufactory, deeds, whole caboodle, kit and caboodle, kit and boodle, industrial plant, full treatment, distillery world: (n) cosmos, nature, creation, earth, public, sphere, society, realm, globe, macrocosm; (adj) global worn: (adj) haggard, tired, tattered, threadbare, ragged, drawn, jaded, fatigued, exhausted, faded, wasted. ANTONYMS: (adj) new, smart, unused, unworn, pristine, original worry: (n, v) concern, torment, trouble, distress, tease, bother, burden, care, harass, fear; (v) disturb. ANTONYMS: (n) calmness, reassurance, pleasure, relief, unconcern, calm, confidence, hopefulness, peace; (v) reassure, delight worse: (adj) worser, subordinate, waur, worsened, warre, unrelieved, minor, lesser, junior, poorer; (n) badness. ANTONYMS: (adj) improved, healthier, higher worth: (adj, n) value, dignity; (n) cost, virtue, price, importance, excellence, quality, import, goodness, benefit. ANTONYMS: (n) insignificance, disadvantage, hopelessness, detriment, disgrace, inferiority, triviality, uselessness, inefficiency worthless: (adj, v) futile, vain; (adj) vile, idle, empty, trifling, void, trivial, cheap, miserable, null. ANTONYMS: (adj) precious, useful, worthwhile, priceless, meaningful, helpful, invaluable, deserving, valid, worthy, substantial wound: (n, v) bruise, cut, harm, pain, damage, scratch, stab, sting; (n) injury; (v) offend, injure. ANTONYMS: (v) heal, appease, aid, cure, repair wounded: (adj, v) hurt; (n) casualty,

maimed; (adj) bruised, injured, bloody, aggrieved, saddened; (v) stricken, wound, struck. ANTONYM: (adj) unaffected wreath: (n) crown, coronal, garland, chaplet, lei, circle, posy, fascia, cincture, girdle, laurels write: (v) pen, indite, draw up, correspond, spell, record, publish, compile, draw, outline, type writer: (n) journalist, poet, penman, novelist, dramatist, commentator, playwright, authoress, amanuensis, scribe, clerk. ANTONYM: (n) reader writing: (n) script, print, composition, lettering, document, autograph, paper, record, inscription, authorship, handwriting writings: (n) papers, Hagiographa, Ketubim written: (adj) registered, clerical, conscript, enrolled, literal, hard-andfast, on paper; (n) examination. ANTONYMS: (adj) verbal, unscripted, unwritten yelling: (adj) crying, howling, fantastic, noisy, marvelous, marvellous, instant, insistent, rank; (n) screaming, noise yesterday: (n) past, yesteryear, yore, mean solar day, past times, solar day, day, history, water under the bridge; (adj) pass, stale. ANTONYMS: (adv) nowadays; (n) today young: (n, v) offspring; (adj, n) juvenile; (adj) immature, fresh, adolescent, new, raw, baby, childish, early; (n) progeny. ANTONYMS: (adj) old, mature, adult, ripe, older, late; (adj, n) aged younger: (adj) Jr, little, petty, young, juvenile, Mickey Mouse, minor, minuscule, niggling, picayune, unskilled youngster: (n) lad, juvenile, kid, child, urchin, toddler, youth, adolescent, bairn, baby, tot. ANTONYMS: (n) adult, elder yours: (adj) own yourself: (adv) herself, themselves, itself, myself, ourselves, yourselves, physically youth: (n) youngster, young person, lad, juvenile, boy, adolescence, kid, younker, stripling, juvenility; (adj, n) young. ANTONYMS: (n) adulthood, adult, ripeness, maturity, aged youthful: (adj) immature, fresh, green, juvenile, vernal, adolescent, childish, new, tender, sappy, beardless. ANTONYMS: (adj) adult,

143 mature, experienced, sophisticated, late zola: (n) Emile Zola

144

The Sea-Gull