The Project Manager's Toolkit (Computer Weekly Professional)

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The Project Manager's Toolkit

This Page Intentionally Left Blank

The Project Manager's Toolkit Practical Checklists for Systems Development

David M. Shailer

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Contents

Computer Weekly Professional Series Preface Acknowledgements

ix xi xii

1 PROJECT INCEPTION CHECKLISTS 151 3 4@# ;#;? ! 3 3 15* . ;6 ""$ &$" & $" 3 " 4@# 15> "' 3 && "3 &"$ A $" 152 & " $!4' $; "$$$$! 15- '. 4@# 4#&$ ". 4'"# /) 6 $" 15= ! 3 /3 A "3$% !$#"'$ " & /&3$ 15< ''"' $3 $ ) " 4@# 3!" 15+ ' 3 $ " 4# ) $)"B 159 $'& $"? " 4@#B 1510 ,@# "&?$ A "$ ! 4) 1511 " $ ) 4@# ')#6#' $'& "&4B 151* "; /6 A &#& 3 4"#;"3 /$4; &.'4! C$ 151> ! &:$ " & & :$ ) 4"#;"3 $'#

1 * 2 = + 10 1* 12 1= *0 *> **9 >>

2 PROJECT CONTROL CHECKLISTS *51 . 3$ / ##;& 3 4@# ')#6#' *5* 4 3 " 4@# ""6 /) "44 $ *5> ;6 #!! #" $$$ 3 3 *52 # " 4@# & $D *5- ".& "$ 3 ! 3$ " & : !" *5= ? "6$ ) 3 " 3 $' $ ) " 4/'! *5< 3 4 " &#! "! 3 $" &"& *5+ & !" "3 " 4# ) $)"B

35 >= >+ 20 2* 22< -* --

3 BUSINESS ANALYSIS CHECKLISTS

59

>51 >5* >5> >52

=0 => ===

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Contents >5>5= >5< >5+ >59 >510 >511 >51* >51> >512 >51>51= >51<

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$ $$ 4#$$ &$3 A 4 ' G1 A 4" 3

$ $$ 4#$$ &$3 A 4 ' G* A

4 BUSINESS REQUIREMENTS CHECKLISTS 251 25* 25> 252 25-

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=+ <1 <> <<= +0 +* +2 += 90 9* 99< 99 100 10* 102 10= 110

5 SYSTEMS ANALYSIS CHECKLISTS

113

-51 -5* -5> -52 -5-5= -5< -5+ -59 -510 -511 -51*

112 11= 119 1*1 1*> 1*= 1*+ 1>1 1>> 1>= 1>+ 12*

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6 SYSTEM BUILD CHECKLISTS =51 " '3#"' &"" !&'$ 3 3 7" & ". / 4 38 =5* ""/"$ 46$#"'D" A E. ""$ ) $)' 4$ " & #;$ =5> . C"'6 ##;$ ) " 46$#"' &"" !&' =52 " !&'$ "&& .6 "44'#" /'& =5- &.&"' !&' C"'6 A ;6 C$ $ "$; =5= " $"# $ " & &$3 ! =5< " #'& #!! &# " & " &' 3 =5+ &$/ !&'$ $.$ =59 & 3 /3 ) 4)!" # /' #;$ =510 6 4@#$ & : "#. $)" $ vi

147 12+ 1-> 1-= 1-< 1=1 1=> 1=1=< 1=9 1<*

Contents =511 E & #"$$ ) (!'6 '$. $ =51* $" &"&$ "44'6 $ )"#

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7 QA AND TESTING CHECKLISTS <51 $"/'$ 3 & ) $ 3 " & F <5* 3 $#4 ) $ 3 A ".& 3 /!'$$ 4 <5> $ 3 " !( ) $ 3 64$ $ 4$ " 4@# <52 " $ " ;6 !'$ $ ) " 4@# <5- 3 4 $ "! A 4$ ' " & 4'#$ <5= " $ &#! " $'& !" " ) "44'#" $ 3B <5< 3 $ &"" )! ) "44'#" $ 3 <5+ "' $$ "44'6 " $# <59 3 " $ &"" ) $# E'&$ 7&!" $8 <510 4D $ " & 3"& "##4" # ) ) # $ <511 , $ 3 1 A ##; 3 &'6 3 &""/"$ <51* , $ 3 * A "$ 3 " & #"$ 3 $6$! <51> , $ 3 > A ##; 3 /$ $$ # '$

179 1+0 1+1 1+> 1+= 1++ 190 1919< 199 *01 *0> *0*0<

8 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION CHECKLISTS +51 " 3"& 3 " & #" 3#"4"#6 "$$$$! A $ /3 4# +5* 3$ 4'" ) " !4'! " +5> &4 3 3I 3 '$ +52 /'& " " 3 #$ +5- . 4''"$ ) " $.# '.' "3! +5= " '; " #"4"#6 4'" 3 +5< & " &"" # .$ +5+ !4" &#! $ " & . )! &.'4! $44 "! +59 $$$$ 3 ' 3! ."/'6 ) " $6$! +510 ) !4'! " A '. 3 $6$! +511 F$ $ "$; " 4$!4'! " .

209 *10 *12 **1 **> **9 *>* *>2 *>+ *20 *2> *22

vii

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Computer Weekly Professional Series " ) 4)$$ $ # C "$ !# # $ 4&" 3 "$ " ) (#.5 '6 &$ "&" " & $)" $# #" 3 ' '$$'6% / "'$ &"$ "/ "#"' !" "3! ) ) # " / 3 # $'6 !&E&% 4&"& " & #" 3&5 $ ;4 3 "/"$ ) " $ 3 3 $ "''6 " !"@ "$;5 !" IComputer Weekly ,)$$ "' $ "$ / #"& "$$$ (#.$ ;4 4&" !" "3! &"$ " & $$$ ) # 6 & / ""5 ) ;6 /@#.$ ) $$ $ &# ! ";$ ) '"& 3 &3 !" "3! &"$ !. )! "#"&!# " & # $' 3 . ! $ " &$ ) 4"# 5 $% $ $$ !4'6$ "444" # '36 $4& 4 4/'$ 3 4#$$5 "444" $! /;$ " $44& /6 /6 "&& "' )!" !4'"$ '#"& /5 $ $$ 4.&$ 4)$$ "'$ " 44 6 /'& 4 " /;#"$ ) "$'6 "##$$/' / &"'& )!" !4" $$$ " 6 & / "" ) $##$$)''6 4)! @/$ "$ 6 !. !'' !5 $4 3 "'"&6 $"/'$& "$ " .& 3 # ! ) 6 '& '; / 4/'$& $ $$5 " ! 6% $ & " 5! 6J!#'5#5; Series Editor " ! 6% Series Advisory Board " ; " $% 6 ''3 /' $$ '6% " "3! &% Computer Weekly 3 3% # #"' .$6 ) ')

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Computer Weekly Professional Series 6% '6 " "3! ''3 3$% ".& "6'% 6 % '6$% " $/3 Series titles published IT investment ± Making a business case The eective measurement and management of IT costs and bene®ts Stop IT project failures through risk management Understanding the Internet Prince 2: A practical handbook Considering computer contracting? David Taylor's Inside Track A hacker's guide to project management Corporate politics for IT managers: how to get streetwise Subnet design for ecient networks Information warfare: Corporate attack and defence in a digital world

Preface

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xi

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Acknowledgements

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xiii

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1 Project inception checklists

1

Project inception checklists

1.1

Getting the project kick-off meeting right

Type: To do Checklist description "@ 4@#$ ) $" 4@# ;#;? ! 3$5 $ ! 3$ $ ) 4@# " & " 4 "'' $& 4"$ " /3 4 $"! '.' ) &$" & 3 "/ " 4@# $ && "#. " & $ && 5 $ $ " $!4' ##;'$ &#" " $'& / #.& 4@# ;#;? ! 3 A ?#.'6% ! 3:$ "3 &"5 3$ $"6 3 " $ .6 !4" " "'' $& 4"$ / .& ! 35

Checklist 1

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De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps $'& / #'" )! "/. " 4@# ;#;? ! 3$ & : @$ "44 5 3" &"' ) 4@# ; &$ ## 4 ! 3 "$ &#"& /6 '." ##;'$$5 $ 2

Project inception checklists #!! && " $ /"#;3 & ; / # &#& 4 ! 3 " " ") A $ 3 $ &!"'D 3 " 4@# " " '"#; ) # E& # 4@# " & /$ $$ !" "3! 5 " '"#; ) # E& # $ "$6 3 & A @$ 3 " 4@# ;#; ? ! 3 $ $ / 4@# !" "3 " & /$ $$ !" "3$ $ " !" 5 " 3& 4@# ! 3 /"3% 44' '' " $" ; $ :$ /$ '& $# " ! 3 $ 3 3 / " 3"4 7 !" $!"''8 / ! 3 " & $" 3 4@# ;5 &"''6 4@# 4'" $'& # " $! "'6% $!4'% $!"'' "$;$ " #" / $"& !!&"'6 " & E $& ! 5 $ '' # L)'3&: )"# 4@# A 3 /&$ $##$$ '; $##$$5

3

Project inception checklists

1.2

Five key areas to understand when starting a project

Type: Analysis Checklist description L:$ 6 $"% :$ 6 E $: !"6 $ & 3& " ''6& !$#"' /% 4@#$% 6 $" ) &! $ 6 E $ " "''5 ) !4" /'& 3 /'#;$ ) " 4@# $ &$" & E$ 3" D" A $ # (5 )'' 3 ##;'$ $ '." 4@# $ 6 " 4@#5 $ 3 ##;'$ '' '4 6 4' #$ ) " & (% " $ !4" !4" " & 6 #$!$ "5

Checklist 1

&$" & $"36H 7"8 7/8 7#8 7&8 78 7) 8 738 78

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

#; #!!! ) 4@# $4 $H 7"8 7/8 7#8 7&8

$ # '6 "''#"& 4@# $4 $ "444" $ 4@#B 6 " !"@ $";'& / E ) 4@#B 6 ". '!" $4 $/'6 ) /&3% !$#"'% "##4" # #"% $3 ?B "$ 4@# $4 $ $"& / E$ / "#.& A " " 6B " 46 "$ 4@# $4 $ 3. $ 4@# "/. $I "#.$B 4

Project inception checklists 78 2

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$ #'" )! 4@# $4 $ " $ $ " ' 4@# " "$ / "#;'& B " "$ / $4#E& "$ " 3. H 78 "&" 78 $)" 78 !$#"' 7.8 &'.6 &" 7.8 $#$ 7.8 /&3 7.8 $#45 '!$ "$ "/' 3. /@#.$B 6 "''& #"'' 3 '!$B " " &'."/'$B 6 "3&B "$ C"'6 ) ! / "3&B 4@# !'$ $ ($B " " 6B " "44 $ ) 6 & : ! !B 6 "$ "/' 3. C"'6 C! $B $ " 6 3 C& /) 4@# #" /3 A N# $4"#% !"# $I% 4$ 'B " $ !$#"' ) 3 3 $ !$B $ $N# /&3 ) 3 3 $ !$B

&$" & 4@#:$ $6H 7"8 " ; "$ "'"&6 / & B $ "."'"/'B $ $" &"& " & C"'6B $ " 6 3 !$$ 3 # '' ". / & & 4@#:$ "$4#$B 7/8 "$ / .'.& 4 B " $ 'B $ ' # 3B ". $4 $/'$ / "$$3 &B " & ) "B &!"#" $ #'"B 6 "$ "/'B " &. 4 $ & E& "' 3 '.' ) C"'6 (4#& " "# " &. 4 B

De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps " $$ "/. C$ $ $'& / #"4& " $# " ,@# " ,@# " &/;5 $ #" / 3. &.&"'$ "$$3 & 4@# '4 ! & $" & 4@#:$ # ( 3" D" 5 $ )!" 4'"#% $ ! $" "$; ) 4@# L$"4: A $ ##;'$ 151 L 3 4@# ;#;? ! 3 3:5 " 4@# 3"'$ " & /@#.$ " $4#"''6 !4" 3 3 " $" ) 4@# " & # " $4"" ##;'$ "$ / #'&& ("! $ "$4# ! #'$'65

5

Project inception checklists

1.3

Dealing with hidden agendas ± where to start

Type: Analysis Checklist description . " $" ) " 4@#% $! ; "$ "'"&6 / & 5 #'& / @$ $! &"$ :$ "& ! $ )! " /"& ! 3 ) ! $ "35 . "44 &% $ !" "3! ". $"& ". (4#" $ ) 4@#5 /@#.$ ) 4@#% 4@# / &"$% " & "6 4@# $ (4#& 43$$ " 3"&"''6 / 3 $ ! &:$ 65 " )!"' "3! 4@#:$ /@#.$ $ 3'6 ';'6 " "# &.&"' '' ". )"!& 4@# $'3'6 &? '65 :$ "'$ 4$$/' " &.&"'$: /@#.$ " #!4"/' "# 5 "'' $ ; 3 3 % :$ ##"' 3 )!"' "3! "/ " ) 4@#5 $ ##;'$ $ $)' ) &. 3 " 4@#:$ /@#.$ " & / &"$ "5 ""''6% ! " 4$ $'& / $& "$ $# ) $ )!" " & ) # $$ #$ "$% " )!"' ! 3 $'. $$$ #" / # &#&5

Checklist 1

" '.' ) /$ $$ 4#$$ #" 3 $ (4#&B '' /$ $$ 4#$$ &$3 A " $' !"6 !"6 / C& $/$ C '65

$ $$ 4#$$ $ / "!"& "$ # '6 &E & "&& "' 4#$$ !4.! ) # $5

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4#$$ $ / "!"& "$ # '6 &E &% 55 $6$! !$ E " & $$ 4#$$5 4#$$ #" / "'& E $6$! / ) &"! "''6 #" 3&% $$ '' E " & $6$! " &35

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" 64 ) $6$! $ .$"3&B '' /$4; &.'4! 5 ,"#;"3 $6$! / $'#& " & !4'! &5 ,"#;"3 $6$! / $'#&% "'& " & !4'! &5 6/& ) 4"#;"3 " & /$4; &.'4! 5 &! & A '' "; #!! &" $5

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" 64 ) 4@# 4#$$ $ 3 !$ $"/'B ,64 3 A .' "6I #! "'5 !"' &.'4! I4"#;"3 $'# 4#$$5 ( ) 464 3 " & )!"' 4#$$5 &! & A '' "; #!! &" $5 6

Project inception checklists 2

" '! $ ) 4@# #" / .&B " 4@# / "$$$$& "3" $ # /$ $$ 4'#6B " 4@# /@#.$ / #" 3&B " # /$ $$ 4'#6 / "$$$$& "3" $ 4@#B " 4'#6 / #" 3&B " "' ".$ ". / # $&& &'. /$ $$ / E$B " "&& "' "' ".$ / 4?&B " '!$ ". / $ "3" $ 4@# 7535 /&3% !$#"'% $#$% C"'68B " $ / #" 3&B

De®nitions/techniques 64$ ) 464 3H . .

.' "6 A "# .$ ) 464 $ )''6 ) # "' $ 35 #! "' A "# .$ ) 464 $ 4"'6 ) # "' ' ' $6$! $ /'5

Next steps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

7

Project inception checklists

1.4

How to do a simple risk assessment

Type: To do Checklist description " !" 6 "6$ "$$$$ $; ) " 4@# " #!4" 6% 535 " "'6$$5 )'' 3 $# 3 $6$! $ '6 !&5 $# 3$ #" / "&&& $ 6 3" D" " & 4@#5 $4#"''6 $ 3 #'& " " 6 )"#$ " ". #"$& 4/'!$ 4.$ 4@#$5

Checklist # 4@# "$ )''$H 7"8 "44'#" $H 78 78 !( ) " & '& 78 "$ ) '&

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Project inception checklists 78

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78 78 78

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9

Project inception checklists

1.5 Twelve project procedures to have in place before you start Type: QA Checklist description .6 )"# " 4@#$ & 4@# !" "3$ &#"$ " 4@#$ & !" "3! 4#&$ $#$ " & '$5 3& 4@# !" "3 #" "$ $I /& /6 4 3 4'"# ."$ 4'#$% 4#&$ " & 4"##$5 '' "$ $I /& $ # 44' #" )'' $ 4#&$ & 3 4@# !" "3 "&.$ $ '". 3 4@# !" "3 &"' 4/'!$ " & $$$ " " 5 ' $H get organized now 7/#"$ : / ! '"85 ! 4#&$ 4'"#% $! 3 ) 4@# 7"'3 $ " & ".& / 3 ./" #"#85 $ ##;'$ 3.$ " 4@# !" "3 " &" ) 4#&$ " $'& / 4'"# /) " 4@# $"$5 ) 6 " 4'"# /) 4@# $"$% ."'"/' 4@# $#$ ) ! " & ? '' / $4 4@# )"$# " " /@#.$ ) 4@# $')5

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Project inception checklists

1.6

Determining the big three ± targets, timescales and budgets

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De®nitions/techniques 5

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Project inception checklists

1.7

Nine tell-tale signs of a project nightmare

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De®nitions/techniques 5

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Project inception checklists

1.8

How long is a piece of software?

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De®nitions/techniques 5

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Project inception checklists

1.9

How should I staff a project?

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Project inception checklists 7&8

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De®nitions/techniques 5

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Project inception checklists

1.10

Project trade-offs ± how to tease them out upfront

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$#$$ 4@# $4 $% 4 $ "."'"/' "$ )''$H 7"8 4!DH 78 $#$ !" $ $; ! !! "! ) 44' 4$$/' 755 ! !! #$ $"368 78 "3 &" !" $ $4 "$ "'6 "$ 4$$/' 755 ! ##"'8 78 )"$ $ $; !"(!! / E A $4 "$ !" 6 )"$ "$ 4$$/'5 23

Project inception checklists 7/8 '!H 78 $#$ $ 4'"# " !"(!! !/ ) 44' .'.& 78 "3 &" $ !/( 4@# 7 #" 3 /6 & $ &"8 78 )"$ C"'6 $ $ " /"$ '.' ) ) # "'6 " !$ / ! 7#8 !" M(/' .H 78 $#$ $ "&4 " ! 4'$ !""'$ 4@# #$ 3 /"$$ 7/" ) !6#"' !" ! O8 & "#. C& ) # "'6 ! "3 &" 78 "3 &" $ "'' $ $'4 & "#. ) # "'6 ;4 #$$ " & $#$ " " ! !! 78 )"$ $ "'' )"$ / &'.& ! "3 &" 4. (" $4 & 4&# 3 !5 2

4@# $4 $% 4'"# " #; "# ) $ " & #'! $ $# " "# "$ '6 #; " & "# #'! "$ '6 #; 5 6 #!/ " "''& 7535 #;$ #'! " & " #58 $ " $$ 4@# $; " & #'& 4 "''6 @4"&D $##$$)' #!4' ) 4@#5

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$ $ !"( ) &#$ !"; 35 $'& / #4"& ,@# "I$; " "3! &#! 5

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24

Project inception checklists

1.11

What sort of project lifecycle should I adopt?

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Checklist Waterfall development ")"'' "44"# A " $6$!$ &.'4! !& 7'; 8 4$ ) 4"$ ) " "'6$$ )! 4$ ) ( 4"$% E "' 4 / 3 #!4'& $6$!5 &." "3$H . . . .

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#" / $' $ # ; ( 4"$ ) &.'4! $ &4 & 4 ) 4.$ 4"$ $ $' $$ !" $ " 3" D" :$ C! $ ". #" 3& $3 E#" '6 )! 4@# #4 4@# !4'! " A $ !"; 3 $6$! 4 "''6 & &" &"6 ) $ '" # &$ '! &$ 4 # '"&$ " '"#; ) $4 ) $6$! A $ #" #"$ $$ !4'! " $$$ "$ &.&"'$ $$ #" 3 /#"$ $ / 3 L)#&: ! L# $ : '!& &$ .'.! "'$ 4'"#$ /& ) $6$! $44$ /$ $$ 4#$$ " &$ ) &.'4$5 &.'4$ '' "'6 &$" & /$ $$ 4/'!$ " $)" $ 6 3 $'. " & !"6 &$3 $6$! $# " $ !4"##"/' "' '& !$";$ "'6 4@# ". " #"$#"& 3 ?# ) $ '" 4@# &4 &$ 3& &#! " $;''$5

RAD, prototyping, iterative development $ !& .'.$ " 3 / C! $ 3" 3 " & $6$!$ &.'4! ' " $"/' $6$! $ 4&#&5 25

Project inception checklists &." "3$H #" / $& H . . . . . . . . . . .

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Object Orientation (OO) /@# " "!4$ $!4')6 &.'4! 4#$$ /6 6 3 !!# "' '& ! #'$'65 #% " $6$!% "''& /@#$ $'& ($ "$ $6$! /@#$ 7535 #$!% #"% 4#"$ &85 $6$! "!4$ !" " 26

Project inception checklists ""' '" $4$ / $ /@#$ 7535 #$! $/!$ 4#"$ & /6 #"85 6 !!#; 3 "' '& $ #'$'6% #'"!$ " !" " # $ ' 7 /". ) "' '& /@#$ $ )"'6 E(&8 " & $ $ 3 7" #$! /@# #" / $& /6 ! " "44'#" 85 &." "3$H . . .

&"" & 3 A /@#$ #" / #!4'( & " / '6 $ L"''&: &"" ) /@#$ $ #" 3$ '!& " ) 4'"#$ A "'' #$! 4#$$ 3 $ #$! /@# "$'6 &$& E$ $" # A !$ 44' #3 D "''& /@#$ " & &$" & /".5

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"'$ ##;'$ -5* L & 6 !"; " !&'36B:5

28

Project inception checklists

1.12

Make or buy ± deciding the package or bespoke development question

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"! !"6 ". 3 $;''$ $4#"''6 &#! " #5 29

!$ ) $ " 3% $

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Project inception checklists

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(4 $. !$ ) ! !4'! " & #$$5 $ $!!$ !# ! &N#' 43"& " % !4.& .$ #!$ /#"$ !&E#" $ ". / "44'&5 31

Project inception checklists .

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De®nitions/techniques 5

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32

Project inception checklists

1.13

Some do's and don'ts of package selection

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4'"# ) " 4"#;"3$'#

Checklist Some do's .

#")' $'# 4# . $"/'6% ) # "'6% . &!"6 " & . & !"; $"/'65 . '' ! 3 3 4#$$5 . 3 44' .'.& ."'" 5 . $ /$ $$ / E $ 4""! " & !"$ "'' $'44"3 " & "&& "' #$$ "3" $ / E5 :$ / 4'' #$ 3 " $!"'' "! " " '"3 "! 5 A $ $C # ) " $"# $ !"# /$ $$ 4#$$B !# #" 3 % " 3I ; 3 )% /$ $$ 4#$$$ $ C&B A !# &"" # .$ $ C&B $ #'&& 4#B A $ # #"' "## #!4"/'B !# #" 3 43"& $ C&B '' $ .'. " $$ &4" )! # $;''$ /"$B !# ) " &4 & #6 $ ;6 $"? " & $ $ " $;B A " $ 43"& 4"B .

#"$ . '"$$5 A "'D " "# 4"#;"3 .$ ) 4"#;"3 !"6 E( '& /3$ / '' #! /3$5 A $ " "'' '"$$ ) 4&# " )''6 $&% 55 ($ 3 ) # "'6 $'' ;$5 A $$$$ !4"# " & #$ ) 43"&$ " & /$ $$ / E$ '' "## )! !"; 3 #" 35 . . 4 $ ) " & )"$ " 4&#5 A " / $#& ?B A " #$$ / &#& ) $ ) # $ !.& 4.&&B A $ $6$! #"4 "'' &"" 6 CB !B $B ''B '' " & $!B $ L.4: &"" !" &"6 4"#;"3 " & " $ 6 "&& "' #$ ) #''# 3 B

Some don'ts . .& $4.$ 3 . & A 6 & / !" "3& #! 4 6 $' 5 . .& 4# 3 /"& )! . & A &$ /"&'.' .'.! 5 . ". " #"$ $4#E#" # "# " &$ : "'' ) #" 35 33

Project inception checklists . . .

". " '# # " !" $ #"$$ $ /"$% !"# $ " & $/$&"6 #!4" $ '' #$ " ) "&& '# #5 44$$ "'' ##$! ) $44' 4&#5 . ##$! " & " &' 5 R)6 $ $ " & "; "# 5 ;!4 $ 3 "$$! 3 "$ / & /6 $44'5 $ 6$') ) " 6 " & #'& 3 $ )"#$ 6 $6$!$5

De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps 3"&'$$ ) $6$!$ " 4"#;"3$ !3 % 6 $'' ". / !4'! &5 "4 + L6$! !4'! " ##;'$$: ) ! )!" 4"#;"3 $"''" 5

34

2 Project control checklists

35

Project control checklists

2.1

Five things to be checked throughout the project lifecycle

Type: Analysis Checklist description 4@# $ &"6 " 4@# 4'" % 44' )'' 3 4$#/& 4@# !&% " & &'."/'$ 4&# % " $'& " 4@# !" "3 / & 3 "$ 4" ) 4#$$B $ ##;'$ && '4 /'& !#" $!$ " ;#; " '." $"3$ ) 4@# ! )'' 35

Checklist 1

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Project control checklists 7#8

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$ ) "# &'."/' )H 78 .E#" A /'& 3 3 4&#H . &$ $ ! 4@# 3"'B . $ $ ) &'."/' (4#&B . "$ 3 L 3 ) :B 78 ."'&" A /'& 3 4&# 3H . "''6 # $$ . $" &"&$ . "$ L 3 ) C"'6: . !$ $"$)"# " & 4)!" # #"5

E3" !" "3! H 7"8 $ " 4@# # $% " '"3 !/ ) !$ " 4&#&H 78 C! $ $4#E#" $ 78 &$3 $4#E#" $ 78 $# '"6 7.8 4 '"6 7.8 &""/"$ $#!" 7.8 43"!$ 7.8 $ $#4$5 7/8 ,@# ; '&3 "'$ 3$5 E ! $ C! $ #" / ) & . $ 3 4"$5 $ E ! $ !3H 78 #" 3 &""/"$ $ " 43"!$ & #"4 $ #" 3& &"" ! 7535 !"; " $# #" 38 78 & " /$ $$ ' / #" 3& "'' 43"!$ "?#& /6 '5 7#8

)'' 4@# # '% $'& / 4$$/' &! " # $$ $ ) $4#E#" $ " & 43"!$ " #" / &'.& 35

7&8

$ C$ 4@# !" "3 4 4'"#H 78 4#&$ # &! 3$ " $3 & ? "$ #!4' 78 " !" $ ) $# 3 $3 &? !""' $ " #" / #" 3& "D" 78 " 4#& ) !. 3 4.$'6 L$3 &?: !""' " "" ) #" 35

De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps ,'" $ " & 4#& !" "'$ $" $ / $ 4'" 4#& # !";$ 3$ "44 A $ 4@# !" "35 ,@# 4'" $ 64#"''6 # " "#.6 ) "'' "! !!/$ / ) 4@# !" "35 &$ "'$ & / " 4'" ) 4@# !" "3 # # " $ 3'" 4@# ##;4 $ " & !'$ $ $ "'' "/. $ "44 35 ! 3 $% ##;'$ *5* L4 3 " 4@# ""6 /) "44 $: !"6 / '4)'5 37

Project control checklists

2.2

Spotting a project runaway before it happens

Type: To do Checklist description " && 4@#$ #" @$ " & % "/$/ 3 $#$% ! 6% " & !5 ) % ""6 4@#$ " '6 &#& " /&3 '! $ (#&& " &"&' $ !$$&5 " $ && $ " L"'6 " 3: $6$! &# 4@#$ /) 6 /#! ""6$5 & $% " 4@# !" "3I$4 $ !$ $ 4@# ##;4 $ # #($ 4@# !'$ $5 $ ##;'$ '' '4 " !" "3 $ " 4'" " & /&3 $ $ "' ##;4 $5

Checklist 1

! !'$ 7$8 !"$5 !'$ #'& / ! )H 7"8 "3 &" 7/8 /&3 7#8 $# 'D" 5

*

!'$ % $ " maximum '" # E3 "$ " 4# "3H 7"8 $ E3 $ " !'$ #" "'$#"''6 . /65 7/8 $ ."' $'& / " !"(!!5 &$% ) $ &! & " 4@# '& (#& $ !"(!!% '& / #" #''&% !" " ##!$" #$5 7#8 ! 64#"' ."'$ !"6 /H 78 10 4 # 78 *0 4 # 78 *- 4 # 5

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" 4@# ##;4 "$ "3 ! $ '" #H 7"8 ("!4'% ) "3 $ 100 " '" # ) *- 4 # ##;4 $ <-5 7/8 ) '" # $ $!"'' 7535 10 4 # 8% !"6 / $ $ ##;4 / "3 ! $ * > !$ '" #5

2

" " " 3'" "# "$ 4@# (#&$ 4@# ##;4 ."'5

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4@# ##;4 $ "#&% "44'6 7"8 ("!4'% ) '" # $ *- 4 # 78 & ) ? $4 #!4'&B 78 &$ ) ? $4 #!4'&B 7/8

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L ""6 $:H % "$; 6$') / $ C$ $H $ )"% '' 4@# &'."/' / $ )"% '' 4@# &'."/' /

L &I&$: $ '' #" 3 "##& 3 '" # ."'5

$$$$ " ""6 4@# $ 43$$H 7"8

) " $ / ) $ $ L :% M"3 4@# "$ " ""6 A :$ # '6 "3 / '' / "6 ? "3 /6 #!4' 5 38

Project control checklists 7/8

&$#$$ $ C& 4@# $4 $7$8% !" "37$8 " & "! H 78 #" #' 4@# 78 3. " $$ ; A $ "!$ " & /@#.$% $ ) # #."3% $ C"'6 " & $ &.'4! !&5

De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps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

39

Project control checklists

2.3

Three key communication issues to get right

Type: Analysis Checklist description ) ;6$ " $##$$)' 4@# "$ / #!! #" 5 !! #" &$ : !" @$ "'; 3 " & $ & 3 !!$5 .'.$ '$ 3 " & &$" & 35 .% #" / 3". "$ '' "$ 4$. #!! #" $ A "'; 3 # $' 3 $ &$ " .6 #'" !$$"3 $ (#'&&5 " 4@# / $##$$)'% #!! #" "N# $'& : M 4 4@# !" "3 " & & 4@# "!5 " $'& M " "'' '.'$5 $'& / 4@# !" "3 $$ " #!! #" $ ## 3 " & " #!! #" $ "444"5 $ ##;'$ '4$ & )6 ""$ #!! #" $ " 4 ". /; & 5

Checklist Developers . 6 $'' '" 3 " & ; '" "/ "#"' ; 3 # & $ ) $ '' $ $6$!B . 6 ; &$" & /$ $$ 4$4#. . ) $ 4 '3#"''6 # $$ '6B . 6 /3 3 "'' # #"' &"'$B . 6 ##; 3 " L"!: /$ $$ $$ " '' 3 ! &4 & $#$B Business users on the project . 6 " 4"# ) $ 6 4$ /$ $$ #!! 6 7" & @$ !" "3$8B . 6 !" " 3 # "# $ 6 4$ B . 6 $ 3 &#$ $ !"& &.'4! $$$ $ " #!! #"& 4$B . 6 L#'"!! 3 4: & '"#; ) # E& # # #"' " "B . 6 /#! 3 ! M #& /6 &.'4$ " /6 4 34B . 6 '#;& L:. "'"6$ & " "6: " 6 4 &"$ /"$& # '36 7535 $ 3 " ;" & . ") " $6$! "$ / E(& &.'4&8B Target users of the system . 6 "" ) #" 3$ "6 6 '' $ $6$! & @/$B . $! ) )". "$4#$ ) @/ / 3 4$.& 7535 6 !"6 '; "'; 3 / /'& 3$ &'. )!$ /#"$ 6 #" ". " L)"3: /"; " $"! !8B Finally, check the developer/business user development sessions . ". ! # $" $ '!& &$#$$ $ "H A ' 3 & "$ / #.&B A (#4 $ ". / 3 &B 40

Project control checklists

.

.

A " &' 3 "$ / 3 &B A &$"3! $ ". / C"$& " " (4'&B "$ L34 ;: / $"/'$& #H A C"$$ &/"% &$#$$ &$"3! B A 3 $ /.$ M"$ ; 3 4 ) 34B $ " $ 3 #""# H A 34 #" : 3 $ # #""# $ " 4$ ) 4 " & "6 7$"''6 !" "3 $ !" "38B A C"$$ "'' &$#$$ &/"B A $ $; 3 $'$ ) 34 "$ 6 6 "##!!&" "44"$ !B

De®nitions/techniques 6/"& 464 3 A "'; 3 $! 3 3 .. !& " /"& ,5 $ $ 64#"''6 & ) " 4"#'" 4" 3 $6$!% 535 L $" % $ "44 $% " "44 $ 7" & $ 8 ' & 5:

Next steps '.' " & 64 ) #!! #" $ $'& / ##;& /6 4@# !" "3 " ! '6 /"$$ $ " " 6 !3 3 $$$ #" / L 44& /&:5 " " !/ ) # C$ " #" / $& !" " #!! #" / 4@# "! " & $ L#$!$:H . . . . .

&#! .I$3 ? " ;6 4 $ # $ )&/"#; A .'.! ) $$ 3 " " " $3 ? 4 $ "';3I4'"6 A $ " "$ / '" $ )"% 535 $# "$% &"3"!$% $# " & 4 &$3 $ #5 464 3I$!'" A 3.$ " ! # # )' ) $6$! $6/"& 464 35

41

Project control checklists

2.4

How to cut a project down to size

Type: Analysis Checklist description $! 4 " "'6$$ 4"$ ) " 4@#% " $ ) ) # $ &'. " $"/'$& 7$ ##;'$ -52 L6$! / &"6 " "'6$$ ) C! $:85 $ #" / " "'6$& $ 3 ," $# 3 3. " #$/ E . ) ) # $5 ##;'$ -5- L # "' 46 " "'6$$H "44'6 3 +0H*0 ':5 .% . ") $ ; &$ ) " "'6$$% '$ ) ) # $ !";& ) &'.6 #" / ( $. " & E'$ !"6 & / "44'& &# $D ) 4@#5 $ ##;'$ #" / $& " "'6$ ) # $ ) #'$ (#'$ 7E$8 &'.65 6 '; 3 " ."$ &! $ $ ) "# ) # % $! &'.6 4 $ #" / 3 "&5

Checklist Simplicity :$ "$6 !"; " $##$$ ) $! 3 $!4'5 )H .

.

#'& ) # $ #H A " #'"'6 &E & A "&& !$ ."' A #" / "44'& "$'6 " 3" D" 5 (#'& ) # $ #H A ". ''6 &&E & C! $ A ". ' &E "/' ."' A $$ '' $33' $ '' $ "'65

Level of quality 4# "3 ) ) # #" / "'& /6 #" 3 3 '.' ) C"'6 (4#&5 .

.

R"$ "/$ ) " ) # #" / #" 3&H A ."'&" ) &"" #'& 3 "'' 3 &4'#"$ A '.' ) 4 3 A '.' ) "& 3 A '.' ) $#6 7 "" ,# # C! $% .8 A /$ $$ A 4)!" #5 ) $ & ##;H A " $ C"'6 (4#& /6 4@# $4 $7$8B A " 6 44"& 4"6 ) " '.' ) C"'6B A " '.' ) C"'6 '' 4@# $4 $ L4"6: ) " & " '.' ) C"'6 '' 6 L4"6: )B 42

Project control checklists Value assessment . ! " $ ."' ) ) # 4@# $4 $ /6 &" 3 4 " 3 #6I!4" # C"&" " & 3 ) # $ "# C"&" 5 Important

Urgent

Not urgent

Not important

.

.

.

# $ '' )"'' ) ) #"3$H A 3 " & !4" A & & ! " & 3 ! 3 A 3 " & ."' A & & ! / 6 & : ". !# $3 E#" # A 3 " & !4" A & & $ $!! A 3 " & ."' A & : & & $5 $; )'' 3 C$ $ "/ " ) # :$ ."'H A " ) ) # $ : &'.&B A " $ ) # :$ # / ."' ' $6$!B A " 7' #$8 "' ".$ " 755 &'. /$ $$ / E $! "68B " L."': $ L6 ) /'&:5 # !"6 & / $."' &? ."' $6$!$ & )6 ) # $ #H A #"$ 4'#"' &N#'$ &? #$ A ". / #'&& ") " E3 755 " &"' "$ "'"&6 / $#;8 A " #$$"6 / & : 3 " !# $"$!5

Risk bene®t assessment # $ & / #$& !$ ) $; " & ."' #!4" 65 F$ $ #" / "$;& ) $6$! "$ " ' " & ) "# &.&"' ) # H .

.

(4 &H A 6 $'& ! 6 / $4 $ ) # $6$!B A " $ ) ) # $6$!B " " "' ".$B A " ". $4 $ )"B A " ' /&3 " "'6 &#" $ ) " 4$$/' /&3 . B A " " /&3 !'$ $ #" &# . B '"6H A ' 3 #" " ) $ $6$! ) # B A " "44 $ ) . 3 B 43

Project control checklists .

DH A #!4'( '' $ $6$! 3B A !" 6 /$ $$ 4#$$$ '' $6$! "?#B A ":$ !4"# /$ $$B A #" 4"$ ) $6$! / &'.& " '! !4"#B

De®nitions/techniques .$! S ) 4#.& / EI7#$ ) &.'4! 4'$ #$ ) # & 4" 85

Next steps 4 ) $ " "'6$$ '' / " '$ ) ) # $ )"'' 3 ) )'' 3 7 8 #"3$H . . . .

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# $" $ A /&3% !% $#$% # '36% #!4"/'65

2

$# 4@# 4"$$ " & $3 ? 4 $ 7&'."/'$85

44

Project control checklists

2.5

How to avoid wasting time on things that don't matter

Type: To do Checklist description 4@# $ #!4$& ) " #''# ) "$;$% "3$% ! 3$% . $ " & 3"'$5 # " 4@# "$ $"&% !$ ) !" "3! ? $4 $ "#.$ $ $'. $$$ " & 4/'!$5 .% 4#$ ! #" / $4 $'. 3 $$$ " & 4/'!$ "% ) ."'"&% #'& / L4";&: ) ! / 3 &E '65 !'"'6% C ) % '6 $6!4! $ $'.& '". 3 #"$ $'.&5 $ ##;'$ '4$ " "'6$ " 4/'! /) (#$$. $#$ " $4 $'. 3 5

Checklist Understand the problem . " & 6 ; "/ 4/'!B A &$ "'"6$ ##B " " ##!$" #$ &$I&$ ##B A I $ 4/'! !$I'"$ #"/'B A && E$ "44" /#! "44" B A && '"$ "44"B A '' ( "44"B A $ " &# !$ ';'6 #"$B . " & : 6 ; "/ 4/'!B . " & 6 & ; "/ 4/'!B . " " 6 !"@ /@#.$ $'. 3 4/'!B . " $!$ / !$I'"$ !4" "$4#7$8 ) 4/'!B Determine problem owner . $ 6 4/'!B . 6 & 6 " $'. 4/'!B A '' !"; 3 $ #" 3 "?# "$4#$ ) 6 4@#B A " '& "44 I "44 ) 6 !"; $ #" 3B A " '& "44 I "44 ) 6 & !"; $ #" 3B . &$ $'. 4/'! ! " 6B A / #")' ) 6 3 $'. .6 4/'!5 ! 4/'!$ #" / $'.& #& 7" '"$ 3 (4 $8 A $ " 4$ ' $$B A $ " " 3 #!! #" $$B A $ " /$ $$ 4#$$ $$B A $ " $44' $$B A $ " 4'#"' $4 $$B Assess problem signi®cance: solve or not solve? . #; 4/'! &!" 5 $ $#4 $#4 ) $ 4@#B . ; " /3 4#5 $3 E#" $ 4/'!B 45

Project control checklists . .

.

.

" / ')% 3 & '! "& /6 " &? "44"# " " 3 '.'B " '& "44 ) 4/'! "$ $'.&B A " '' #$ E( B A " '& : "44 ) 4/'! "$ $'.&B " '' / / E $". 3 ) 4/'! $ $'.&B " '' "44 ) 4/'! $ $'.&B A " '' #$ ) 4/'! $ $'.&B A " '' #" 3 . !B '' 3 / $B A '' #$ ) $'. 3 4/'! 3 3 . !B A ' 3 #" 6 '". B " '' "44 ) 4/'! $ $'.&B A " $". 3 / E '& / !$$& ) 4/'! $ $'.&B

Sanity clause: test your assumptions . " "$$!4 $ " 6 !"; 3H A "/ #"$$ ) 4/'!B A "/ ?#$ ) 4/'!B A "/ ) 4/'!B A "/ !4" # ) 4/'!B &$ E ' $#! ) 3$B A "/ 3 #6 ) 4/'!B A " 6 $ 6 " '; 3 " 4/'! " & $6!4! ) " ! /"$# 4/'!B

De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps " 4 "' 4$ )! $ (#$H 1

3 4/'! 7 $!"''% 6$ $'. #585

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) 4/'! $ / $'.&% ##;'$ *5= L? "6$ ) 3 " 3 $' $ ) " 4/'!: #" / $& !"$"'' "444" )#$ $'. 4/'!5

46

Project control checklists

2.6

Different ways of generating solutions for a problem

Type: To do Checklist description '' 4@# !" "3$ " C& $'. " & ."6 ) 4/'!$5 4" )! #!! #" $$$ " & 4$ ' $$$% 4/'!$ ) #4 4 $6$!:$ &$3 % /'&% " & !4'! " 5 4/'! $ !"''6 3'3& 4@# !" "3 " & $ $ (4#& #" 4/'!$'. 3 (#$5 $ " )"#'" $ $" % 4@# !" "3$ C " " 3 ) 4/'!$'. 3 # C$ !4'6 "$ 6 $ E5 $ ##;'$ &#"$ $! ) 4#$$$ " & # C$ " #" / $& " 4/'!$'. 3 $$$ 5

Checklist Identify those affected by the problem & )6 44' !"6 & / .'.& 4/'!$'. 3 (#$5 &$% .'. $ H . . . .

&$#.& 4& $" I4/'! " .'.&I"?#& /6 4/'! A / $ " & '$$ # $" #" "?# ?#. $$ ) " 6 $' A / 4$. " & 3". M #$ " ##"' ) 4/'! 44$& $' A " 6 " L&& : $";'&B

Planning the approach

) " 6 $' $ " 3 "&% !"4 $' $4"# )"!;5 $ $'& : / $& & 3 &"$ " & $' $ 3 " 4#$$ / #" / $& @&3 &"$ # 3 "&5 .% @&3! 4#$$ $! ) "$$!4 $ / & $' $4"# !"6 / #"'' 3&5 . .

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.

$ /$ 4'"# /3 '; 3 ) $' $B " 64 ) $' '& EB A " !$ $' / "/' &B A " !$ 4. B " 64 ) $' '& : EB A " !$ $' &B A " !$ $' "''B '' 6 ; 6 ". 3 $' B A " & 6 " !. "&$B A " & 6 " !. ""6 )!B

Generating solutions '# "6$ ) '; 3 " 4/'! )! '$ /'5 4 3& &"$ . ) 6 " $#'6 '." 5 . C "'H A &$ $ &"I4/'! ""''6 '"& B A " " #"$$I?#$ ) 4/'!B A " " #"$$I?#$ ) $' B 47

Project control checklists .

.

.

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.

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.

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

48

Project control checklists .

. .

.

.

!/ 3H A )# '" $4$ / "/"6 &"$ A ) " & P #!/ & " /@#% &" $' '& !3B A / 3 $& '"& !$ "44" '6 "#;6 &"$ A ":$ "/$' &"' !4$$/' &"!B / '$ 3H A #" "# #""#$# / #" 3& !4.&B 4'3#"' " "'6$$H A "; .""/'$ ) "# "/ " & $ ) ."" $ #" #" 3 4&# #!/ &5 "'36H A '$ "$ $ 4/'!B A & 6 $'. B 7 ("!4' &$ " $! )! " &? &$#4' &$6 $'. $ 4/'!B8 . 3H A !3 "#. 44$ ) 3"'B A ) 6 4/'! $ !"(!D % #" 6 "#. /6 ! !D 3 .6 3 '$B

" ) )"'$ $6''3$!$5

Judging solutions " " !/ ) # C$ " #" / $& @&3 $' $5 !"@ 4" ) $ (#$ $ /'& # $ $$ # $ $$ !"6 #$$"'6 !" " !6 "3! $." $5 .

.

.

$ &"& :$ $( ; 3 "$ '; " " 4/'! " & $' )! $( &? &! $ $ 3H A A )!" 5 $ )!" "/ 4/'! #!4'B $ $' #!4'B A & A " & )' 35 " $ 3 "# % % ! "' . ) $' B " & 6 ';I&$'; "/ $' B A /'"#; A '3#"' 3".5 " " 4/'!$ "44"#% 3".$ &$"&." "3$B A 6'' A '3#"' 4$.5 " " "&." "3$ ) $ "44"#% 4$.$ 3& $$$B A 3 A #".5 3 3 !4'! " $$$% $ 3 " &"$ " & 4$$/'$B A /' A # ' ) ; 3 4#$$5 & & 4/'!$'. 3 4#$$B 3 3 "/ $ /$ "6B $ " !"@6. 34 # CH A 3 34 &.'4 @&3 3 #" ) &"$ A 3 "# !!/ $# 4 &"$ " $#"' ) 1A- 7- 3$ " ;8 A "' $#$ ) "# &" A 3$ $# $ # $ $$ &" 7"; " . $ & '$ ) #$$"685 $ " $;/ E "44"# " ; $' $H A $ " $' /.$ !% " /.$ #" &&" ) $##$$B A # $' #" / $"'."3& ) $ 3B 49

Project control checklists

A

. '"$ .$! . 3& )"''/"#; 4$ . "'' 3 $ ! 3 3 ) "# ) $' $B . $ " $!% !&!!% ' 3! $' B . & #$$ " & !$#"'$ "$$#"& "# $' !"; " #'" B . &$ " LC#; L : &6: $' 4. " &"' $' / 3 &4'6& )B

Plan the idea into reality ". 3 " $' " & . ". 3 3 $' " $ ) 6 ". "6 ) !4'! 3 $' 5 " 6 4 "' $' % "'$ "$ / " 4'" !4'! 5 3 4#$$ ) 4'" 3 /6 " $ 3 )'' 3 C$ $B .

.

.

6 ". " 6 & !4'! &"B A ". 6 3 3 $;''$B A ". 6 3 3 44'B A " " 6 &.&"'$ #" '4B A ":$ 6 $"36 ) 3 3 " 6 &B " $ !." $##&B A &$ .6 $" B A ) % & 6 3 "#$$ .6 B A " 6 44"& #!! )''6 $ &" &$4 ."/' $/"#;$B #$$ $;$ .'.&B A " 6I$ "&6 ) $B $ & .6 B A ) )"'$% ". 6 3 " /"#;4 4'" " #" / "#."& !B A '' 6 ; ) $ $##& 3 )"' 3B A " $ !"$B '' @&3 .; " & "$ "6 & $B A " " /$"#'$ ##$!$ ) &" " & " $ 6 $4 $B A $ ##$! 3"& 3 " $";'& " 6 ". : #'&& " & 4'" & )B A 4'" # "3! $ 6 " 44"& 3"3 % # $ ".&% # $ 6 #" '$ 3"#)''6 ) 3" 3&5 7 $ 4 $"6 3 6 $' $ &"'K / "&6 "&! &"/"#;$ " & $;$5 '$ / "&6 $$$ "&$58

De®nitions/techniques "'$ $6''3$! A )"'$ &.'4! ) " ' /"$& )"'6 '3#% 535 "'' #"$ ". ) '3$% "'' &3$ ". ) '3$% ) "'' &3$ " #"$5

Next steps

) 4@# !" "3 3$ $4 & 3 $#$ 7!% 44' #58 $'. 3 " 4/'!% " " !/ ) $4$ # $'& / !4'6&H 50

Project control checklists

1

&# 6 " "'6$$ ) 4/'! A $ ##;'$ *5- L ".& "$ 3 ! 3$ " & : !":5

*

& )6 "'' $ $& "?#& 4"$5

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'")6 " 64 ) 4/'! $ / $'.& " & $'# "444" # C 7)! "/. '$% " 6/& "44"# # C85

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# $' $ ' &% !"; $ $ "''#"& ) $! H . . .

4 "''#" $# !" "3 !4'! " 5

51

Project control checklists

2.7

Setting up a document-naming standard

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Project control checklists

2.8

How do I manage a piece of software?

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58

3 Business analysis checklists

59

Business analysis checklists

3.1

Nine key questions for high-level business understanding

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Business analysis checklists 7/8 7#8 7&8 78

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Business analysis checklists 7)8 738 9

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62

Business analysis checklists

3.2

How do we analyse our relationship with our customers?

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Business analysis checklists -

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64

Business analysis checklists

3.3

Fourteen common business problems ± spotting which ones are yours

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De®nitions/techniques 5

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65

Business analysis checklists

3.4

Where business analysis usually goes wrong

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Business analysis checklists

3.8

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Business analysis checklists

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Business analysis checklists 7/8 +

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De®nitions/techniques " "'6$$ A 4&# " !"( ) '$ 7 4 "($8 " & "# $ "$;$ 7& !"3 "($85 "# ' "# ' $ 78;% 78(4% 78D% 4$ 78$4 $/' " #!/ " ) "'' )5

Next steps ,&# " $ ) #!! &" $ ) . " & "##4" # A $ ##;'$ 252 L" &#! $ $'& 4&#B:5

79

Business analysis checklists

3.10

Clarifying the business goal

Type: Analysis Checklist description & "44"# /$ $$ " "'6$$ )! 3 " 3'% $ !4" " 3"' ) " "'6$$ $ #'"5 "# ) )'' 3 C$ $ $'& / " $& 4 $'# 3 /$ $$ " "'6$$ "44"#5

Checklist 1

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Business analysis checklists

.

A (4" & $4 ) 4" $ 7535 "; "$;$% 4&#$% $.#$85 (#$ $'& $ $4#E# !/$ "3" $ $ " & /'& " !"$! &.# 4#$$ $6$!5

De®nitions/techniques 5

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81

Business analysis checklists

3.11

Ways of picking a business-modelling technique

Type: Analysis Checklist description $ !4" !4'6 " # C $ "H 7"8 7/8 7#8 7&8

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Checklist 1

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$ $$ 4#$$ "#$ A $ $!4' &"'& '3# # C$5 82

Business analysis checklists . .

2

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De®nitions/techniques

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83

Business analysis checklists

3.12

Four key areas to a process

Type: To do Checklist description 44$ ) $ ##;'$ $ #"4 " /$ $$ 4#$$ $ " #" / " "'6$& )5 !4"$$ " $ $"3 $ #& 3 " 44' "#"''6 &5 && "' #!! $ $# "$ &"$% C! $ #5 #'& "'$ / #"4& / $ 4/"/'6 /$ 4"## $ ""6 )! &$3 3 4#$$ ' $ '' &$&5 $ ##;'$ $ && '4 #"4 L# 46$#"': '! $ ) " 4#$$5

Checklist 1

$"/'$ 3"' ) 4#$$H 7"8 7/8 7#8

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$; C$ $ &$#/ 4#$$ $ 3 )'' 3 #""#$#$H 7"8 7/8 7#8 7&8 78 7)8 738 78

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Business analysis checklists 2

3'3 ##"' "$4#$ ) 4#$$H 7"8 7/8

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85

Business analysis checklists

3.13

Lines of questioning for a business process

Type: To do Checklist description 4 & 3 3"' ) .$3" % " &? 64$ ) C$ 3 "44"#$ " #" / "&4&5 $ $ " $"!4' ) ''; $5 '# !$ "444" C$ $ ) "$; " &5

Checklist 1

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86

Business analysis checklists *

$$!4 C$ 3 A 3 3 "$ / & " 44' "#"''6 $"6H They say

You ask

Their response tells you

We always/sometimes do that

Why?

True/false constraints on their work

We never do that

Why not?

True/false constraints on their work

That never works

Why not?

Is there a secret block that could be removed?

We have to do that

Says who?

Identi®es correct/incorrect process owner/stakeholder

We don't have to do that

Says who?

Identi®es correct/incorrect process owner/stakeholder

Often/sometimes this problem occurs

So what?

Identi®es how critical the problem is to the process

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Business analysis checklists . .

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De®nitions/techniques "4 " "'6$$ A /"$#"''6 " ' ) C$ 3 $"/'$ 3"4 / # " & &"'5

Next steps '# !$ "444" ' ) C$ 3 /"$& 3"' ) (#$ " & $4 & $ '' /5

89

Business analysis checklists

3.14

How to choose between alternative solutions for changing a business process

Type: Analysis Checklist description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Checklist 1

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Business analysis checklists

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"'$ ##;'$ 252 L" &#! $ $'& 4&#B:5 "''6% $ ##;'$ >51- L #; 3 &$3 & 4#$$: .)6 " $' $ !4'! "/'5

91

Business analysis checklists

3.15

Checking the redesigned process

Type: QA Checklist description # " 4#$$ "$ / " "'6$& " & & &" "$;$ !.& #5 $ !4" . .$& 4#$$ $ " ;6 )"$ ". / .';&5 " 3 3 /$ $$ 4#$$$ $ . "$6 ) $ 4! 3 #" 3$ " & ) $ $ ' !"6 #" 35 $ ##;'$ $ " L$" 6 ##;: $ " #" 3$ 44$& #" / !4'! & " & ". ."'' &$& ?#5 $'& / $& 4 )!"''6 4$ 3 6 #!! &" $5

Checklist 1

#; "3 ) #" 3H 7"8 7/8

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92

Business analysis checklists 7&8

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93

Business analysis checklists # 3 "& # !"6 # C"'6 A $! 3 # #$!$ ."'5 #$ # 3 (#$ !"6 " "$' 3 (#$ 78 # 3 "& # !"6 $' '$ 3 ."' ; '&3% $;''$ #"4"/'65 $ !"6 ## . ) $ ;6 $;''$ " &#'6 !"& & &" $ # '"6?$ " $ "$ " &!"'D 3 "#5 #"$ 3 34 !"6 '"& " ! & 3" D" #$$"'6 " $##$$)' 5 $ " & 3 44' ; $!" "&5 ,4' & / .& $" #". .". &"$ ) 4#$$$ #'& / !"& ! N# ! ?#.5 6 & $ 6 $'& / "&& " " "# 3 4 34 "3" 5 $ #" 3 4" ) " !. " #' ) !4.! '' 3" D" "&4 4#$$ "$ L !"' "6 ) & 3 3$:B 78

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94

Business analysis checklists

3.16

Business process redesign ± power tool #1 ± partnering

Type: Analysis Checklist description ) !$ 4)' 4#$$ &$3

# C$ $ & )6 " & 'D 4" $4$5

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Checklist 1

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De®nitions/techniques 5

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96

Business analysis checklists

3.17

Business process redesign ± power tool #2 ± IT

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Checklist Uses of IT: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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De®nitions/techniques 5

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4 Business requirements checklists

99

Business requirements checklists

4.1

Prototyping for requirements ± the big issues

Type: Analysis Checklist description "' $; ) /$ $$ C! $ #"4 $ " #" / " (!'6 ' 36 (#$ A #$$ "'' L:$ " & & "'' L:$5 $; $ " $$ !"6 / 4$"&& "##4 " 6 " $ ) 44$& C! $ 3 ("$ 5 $ $$ 44' & : ; " 6 " ' 6 #" $ 6 #" ". A 6 #" : '. 5 ,64 3 $ " !& ) $ 3 " " $6$! '' '; '; .6 "'6 &.'4 ! 4#$$5 .% $ $! 4 "' ) &$"$5 $ ##;'$ #" / $& &! 464 3 '& / " $"/' # C ) C! $ 3" 35

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When to use prototyping . L'; " & )': ) $6$! $ &N#' ) /$ $$ $$ !"3 . &"" 4I4 C! $ #" / #"4& . $6$! $ $!4' " & $"3)"& . $ " $)" '5

When not to use prototyping . $6$! $ 3'6 #!4'( " & &$ ( $. " "'6$$ . $ $ /$6 . $ '' 4#. 464 "$ E $& 7 '$$ "44"# &.'4! $ "&4&8 . .6 3 C$& 464 $ (4#& / E "' $6$! $4#. ) #$ 755 " 6 "$; ) !" " "' L$44 3 '$: $ " 6 38 . L". 3 " #!4 $6$!: $ E$ $4 /$ $$ 4#$$ " "'6$$5 100

Business requirements checklists

De®nitions/techniques A "4& 44'#" .'4! A " &.'4! !& $ 3 " ". 464 3 3 / " & / 464$5 E "' .$ ) 464 $ &!& ; 3 $6$!5 ##;'$ 1511 L" $ ) 4@# ')#6#' $'& "&4B: 6$! ") A " )!"'D& !& ) 5

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Business requirements checklists

4.2

Six steps in a requirements-gathering prototype

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Business requirements checklists -

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Business requirements checklists

4.3

Easy things to miss in gathering requirements.

Type: Analysis Checklist description C$ ) "$;& A L" " #$$ ) " C! $ 4#E#" B: $ C! $ !"6 ". )""# 3 ?#$H . . . . .

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Business requirements checklists

De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps ) " C! $ '3 ) "/. C! $ 4#E#" #" / $/!& ) .5

105

Business requirements checklists

4.4

What documents should I produce?

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Business requirements checklists Target audience .

$ $$ $$ A .

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$ $$ $$ 7 $ $# "$ " #!4' " & "'$# " & (4$$ " 6 (4#85 . 6$!$ &$3 $I" "'6$$ 7 &$" & " $ (4#& ) .$& $6$!85 .

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$ $$ $$ 7 $ C! $ " #!4'85 .

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Business requirements checklists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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109

Business requirements checklists

4.5

How good is my business requirements speci®cation?

Type: QA Checklist description 44'6 $ ##;'$ / "'& $ $$ " & 6$! C! $ 4#E#" $ &! 6 " $"/' ) . " & $3 ?5

Checklist Overall check of the speci®cation $ / " !"!! '$ 7 !# &"'85 " $ # $$ # M# 3 C! $5 " $ # $$ "! 3 ) /$ $$ 4#$$$% . $% 33$% )!$% #"'#'" $5 $ C! $ $" " $ " $5 6$! C! $ $" " $6$! !$ & "&& $ C! $5 $$ C! $5 !4" 6 ##"' "$;$ " ! ) C! $ " !5 ? 64$ ) $$ " #"& )5 ? 64$ ) #$! " #"& )5

Individual requirement check C! $ C'6 ) #& ) ) $5 C! $" &$ "' 5 C! $4#E$ ("#'6 35 '' $4#"' !$ &E &5 "!/3$ !$ $&5 C! !$ / .E"/' A #" / $& /@#.'6 " & ". ."3 3 "'$% 535 L"$)$:5 C! !$ / #$$"65 C! $#45 C! !$ / "'$#5 " 3H 4)!" #% $")6% '"/'6 " & "."'"/'6 C! $ #" " #"4 $6$! " (4 $. ) "44'& 3'/"''6 $6$!5 C! "$ " !4'! " 46 ""#& 7535 !$ ". &"6 1% !$ ". /6 6" & #58

De®nitions/techniques 5 110

Business requirements checklists

Next steps # C! $ 4#E#" $ ". / " & $3 ?5

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5 Systems analysis checklists

113

Systems analysis checklists

5.1

What should be in a methodology?

Type: Analysis Checklist description $ ##;'$ #" / $& &! ) "'' "$4#$ ) &$3 4#$$ ". / #.&5 #'& / $& ##; " /3 !&'36 7535 % % #58% ."'&" " L!3 : !&'36 $ 3 "$ / !$$&5 ; " "# '! " & ("! ) "'' &? "$4#$ #.& /6 !&5

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Systems analysis checklists 7.8 7.8 >

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De®nitions/techniques 4' 3 A "6 !&'$ ' ; 3 A #!! #" 4"$ A " &"" 6 4"$$ $" / !5 $ A # $ " !&' A $ 3' !') # "' " &% ) !') # "'% $ ) # $ " '"&5

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115

Systems analysis checklists

5.2

How do you make a methodology?

Type: To do Checklist description $D &$ #$$"'6 E "''O ) &.'4! !&'3$ E L $DE$ "'': #"365 .% "# &.'4! 4@# # " $ " !( )H . . . .

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" " 3& $ $& !"; " !&B $ ##;'$ '4$ &E 4@# ')#6#' #!4 $5

Checklist 1

'."/'$ '$ 7" 4&#8H 7"8 $ '$ ) "'' &#! $ 7" & # $: '$$8 " " / 4&#&5 7/8 #'& "'' ##"' &"3"!$ $$ ) &"3"!$5 7#8 &#" $ $4 $/' ) 4&# ) $ &#! $% .$ !% $3 $ ! ?5 7&8 '."/'$ " 64#"''6 ""#& 4@# !'$ $5

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Systems analysis checklists 7#8

7&8 2

$ 3&' $ #" / 4 )! L 4A4#$$A4:H 78 4 A " $#7$8 ) )!" $'& / $& $ # C 7535 4.$ &#! $ &'."/'$% $ $.6I . #58 78 4#$$ A $4$ )'' 4&# 4% 55 &$#4 ) # C #5 78 4 A )!" C&5 &' $ #" "'$ #'& /$ 4"##$% $ " & 4$% " & 3 "' 4 #4'$5

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De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps '" # " !&'36% 6 '' "'$ & &.'4H .

" 3 4'" A 44' & / " & 4)! !&5 !3 / ' '; 3 " # + L6$! !4'! " #;'$$: &! " $$ ) 3$ & / 4'"# &# !&5 117

Systems analysis checklists .

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

"''6% " !& #" '6 / 3 " #" "! ) & ) #"$5 &$ 3"" $##$$ A " L)' " ' $ $'' " )':5 : # " !& $'. "'' 6 4/'!$5 !"6 / " 44' $$ #% ) $'.&% #'& ". " )" ! &"!"# ?# C"'6 ) " $ / 3 4&#&5

118

Systems analysis checklists

5.3

Moving from current physical to current logical

Type: To do Checklist description ) $6$!$ &$3 % " " "'6$ "$ /" & " &"3"! ) " # /$ $$ 4#$$ / & " $6$!5 .% # 4#$$ !"6 # " "'' ; &$ ) "$;$ # '& #$$"'6 & / #4"& " $6$!5 $ ##;'$ #" / $& " "'D # 46$#"' M ) )!" " '3#"' .5 $ /"$& # C ) & 3 $ :$ &"" M &"3"!$ 7$8 / $"! 4 #4'$ #" / $& $!'" 4#$$ M &"3"!$5

Checklist Removal of redundant physical processes and tasks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emoval of redundant data stores and bins !. " 6 &"" $$ " & C$ )!" " & $#$ " $& " 3 ) ( 4#$$ 7535 "6$% 43 '$% $/"$$!/'6 /#;$ #585 !/ &"" $ " 6 &"" $$ # # " $"! &"" A !' 4" $" 6 $ $& A &? 4"$ $'& / $ "$ &? $$ . ) 6 ". &? '$% 535 &% .#% 4#;'$% &'.6 5 Removal of redundant data, resource and control ¯ows !. " 6 M$ & &" 4#$$$ &"" $$5 !. &E " 6 &"" M " 4#$$ " 4#$$ &$ $ $! "'' ) &"" &"" M5 119

Systems analysis checklists !. &E " 6 &"" M$ # # " &4'#" )!" 5 !/ " 6 &"" M$ # #! )! $"! '3#"' 4#$$ " & "'' 3 ( '3#"' 4#$$5 !/ " 6 !"#& 4" ) &"" M$ " $ 3' &"" M% 535 & "& " & & ' &"" M$ $'& / #!/ & " $ 3' L& &"'$: &"" M5

De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps # $ "&@$! $ ". / !"&% 4#$$ #" / &" 3. # '3#"' 4#$$ !&'5 && "' C! $ 7) $6$!8 #" / &#&5 $ "&& $ $'& "'$ / ##;& ) $!'" & &" #$ 755 !"#$ $"! '$ "$ "/.85 " $'& / "; " $ $6$! $ L'; '"$ $6$! '6 /:5 C! $ #" / $ ) &"! "' " " " #!4' &$3 $ #$$"65 '& / &.'4! $#& 6 E ! 4" ) '& $6$!5 # $ "$ / #!4'&% C& '3#"' 4#$$ !&' "$ / 4&#&5 $ #" / $& 46$#"' &$3 4#$$5

120

Systems analysis checklists

5.4

System boundary analysis for requirements

Type: To do Checklist description "'' C! $ $4#E& " C! $ 4#E#" #" / &'.& 3 &'.6 ) " $6$!5 # /) &.'4! #!! #$% :$ !4" ; $6$! / &"6 $"$ " & &$ $4# $"& C! $5 $ ##;'$ $ $& &! " " 3 '.' C! $ #" / &'.&5 "H . . . .

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!& $ L/"&/$: " & # &"'& !# $! 3 " "'6$$ $ / ".&&5 " "'6$$ #" / & " C! /6C! /"$$ 34$ ) C! $ 7535 /6 /$ $$ 4#$$ $6$! ) # 85 ) " "'6$$ $ C! /6 C! % " ."'' ) # $3 E#" # #" / 3. C! $ " $/$C '6 /3 35 $ #!! && " $."' " "'6$$ ; &4 & '6 " & &" 3 " # $ $$ # #" / 4$ & /$ $$ 4" ' ) ) E ! " & "3! 5 " !" ""$ ) " "'6$$ A $6$! / &"6 " & % "% ) # "' 465

Checklist 1

"# C! $'& / #"3D& "$ )''$H 7"8 7/8 7#8

''#" " #& "# C! "$ &"' !& ) $"$)6 3 % 535

$ $$ ,#$$% 6$! "!% ($ 3 6$! "! #5 ''#" " $6$!) # "! "# C! &#" # ) # $6$! '& & / &.'4& " #& &'. C! 5 ;'& ) C! / 3 &'.& $ !& A 3% !&! '% 55 $! !"$ ) $ )"$/'65 ("!4'% ) C! $ " #" 3 " /3 $6$!% ';'& ) #" 3 !3 / L':5

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';'& C! $ " ';'6 / &'.& ." 4!! &'.6 !#" $!5 !/ ) 4 $ ($ H 7"8 ) &'.6 ) C! 7$/@# !" "3! "44."'85 7/8 '. " ;" & " &$ #!4!$ &"' $' A 55 #" 3 C! 5 7#8 '. ) # "'6 " $4"" $' A 55 &.'4 C! $ ) 121

A $! #" 3

Systems analysis checklists

7&8

-

&"' $' # #" / (4" && / " $6$! 755 #" " 4@#85 ##4 ) # "'6 4'" & $6$! A 55 &.'4 4"$ ) 4'" $6$! / $ '' . / $&H " $" &"' $' 5 $ '' ;4 )"# " &N#' "" " ! !! " & ) " / $' ".$ #" L4'33& :5

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De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps & $' ) $ " "'6$$ '' /H . . .

" $ ) C! $ " & ) # $ # )"'' $6$! / &"6 " $ ) C! $ # C /$ $$ 4#$$ #" 3 " $ ) C! $ # '' C #" 3 # ' / .;& ) ($ 3 $6$!$5

6 "''#" 3 ) # "!$% +0H*0 ' #" / 4#.& A " +0 4 # ) C! $ &'.& *0 4 # ) ) # $B ##;'$ -5- L # "' 46 " "'6$$ A "44'6 3 +0H*0 ':5

122

Systems analysis checklists

5.5

Functional priority analysis: applying the 80:20 rule

Type: To do Checklist description $ ##;'$ $ $& & C! $ $ " " :4#; 3 &: ) C! $ $ & E&5 " "'6$$ #" / $& &! # ) # $ $'& / &'.& "'6 " & # #" / &'"6&5 $ "''$ $! ; & ) 4"$ 3 4'" ) #!4 $ ) " $6$! / &.&5 .% $'& / & " #!4 &4 & #$ " &! & /6 !& $ #" $'& / "; "/ # $ ) "# &'."/' 755 " "# &'."/' #" $" & "$ " #!4' $6$!85

Checklist 1

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

123

Systems analysis checklists *

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C! $ " 34& / 3 ."'I' #$ " & ' ."'I3 #$5 ! $% $! &#$ $ #" / !"& "$ 4$$/' '' $"3$H . " $6$! &#" #" / $& ) $ 3 ) # $ C! $ 34$ 7 4$ "#8 A $$ "' ) # $ " ". / &.'4& 4) A $$ "' ) # $ " #" / 4"$& &4 & 3 '". ."'$5 " ," " "'6$$ '$$H .

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De®nitions/techniques ," " "'6$$ A /"$& # 6 "'" # !$% R')& ,"% & " +0 4 # ) "'6:$ "' "$ & /6 *0 4 # ) 44'" 5 '" $4 "$ / ) & / !" 6 E'&$5 '3 #$$"'6 "'"6$ $# +0 : *0 $4'% #" / $ " " '"3 44 ) ?#$ " !"''6 3 "& )! " $!"'' 44 ) #"$$5 /"$# # C $ "$ )''$H 1

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Systems analysis checklists $ ;6 $ "44"# L /"/6 /" ":5 ! ) # $ !"6 ". ' /$ $$ / E / " L#: 3 ) $6$!% 535 " &' 3% $"I #.6% $#6 " & "& 3 " "'' ) # $ " " &N#' /'& '"5 6 L/ E$ 4) : 4'" $'& "&& L#: ) # $ "$ " 3. E$ 4"$5 "'$ " #"'#'" $& $ (!'6 $!4' " & $'& / $! &$#$$ /$ $$ $4 $$ "/ && &'.6 & A 55 & : /"$ $ $"$#$ "' O 4 ) $ " "'6$$ #" / $& &. /'& " & &'.6 $#&' A $ ##;'$ 15= L! 3 /3 A "3$% !$#"'$ " & /&3$5:

125

Systems analysis checklists

5.6

Shortcuts to move from business process analysis to systems analysis

Type: To do Checklist description ) "$ / " /$ $$ 4#$$ .$3" 4#& 3 &#$ &.'4 " $6$!% 4 ) .$3" #" / $& L;#;$": $6$!$ " "'6$$ ?5 64#"''6% /$ $$ 4#$$ &$#4 $ " & &"3"!$ # " ) #$ )'' 3H . . . . .

'$ A L"$: " &.&"'$ " " /$ $$ 4#$$5 " " $ 3' &.&"' !"6 " ! " L": "# $ A '$ #''"/" "#. 3"' ) 4#$$ $/4#$$ $/4#$$$ A #!! 4#$$$ " 3 .;& & 3 !" 4#$$ "$;$ A 3$ " &.&"'$ & "#. 3"' ) 4#$$ 33$ A . $ " ## " $"% #" 3 #'$ " 4#$$5

"# ) $ ) #$ #" / $& "$ " 4 " "'6$$ 4"$ "$ &"'& ##;'$ /'5

Checklist Role . & )6 " $ "##$$ $6$!) # $ !"( . & )6 " $ $"3 ) )!$ " & $" &"& $" 6 7 '" &.'4! $"3$ $ #" / $& &.'4 " $ "##$$ &"" !"(85 Sub-processes . & )6 #!! 4#$$$ .;& )! $."' !" 4#$$$ . & )6 4#$$ 3 $C # " & ';'6 '"6 ) ! $I$# $ . & )6 L: / $I4 $ . & )6 $# ) $ !" "' 7$4#"''6 ) ' '4 $ C&8 . & )6 4$$/' $ "&$5 Triggers . & )6 . & )6 . & )6 . & )6

$6$! . $ 4$$/' C$ " & $"$$ L&: / $ 4$ " & " 4#$$$ 6 .;5

Tasks . & )6 #"'#'" $ C& . & )6 &"6 ) # $ C& . & )6 " " 3 '.' " )!" $ C& 126

Systems analysis checklists . .

& )6 $! &#$ $44 ) # $ 7)! !4'#I(4'# #"$ E ! 8 & )6 ##"' $"$$ A 4$$/'6 C& ) 4 3I43$$ "#; 35

Interactions . & )6 )!$ " & $" &"& $" 6 $ ) &"" " "'6$$ 7" & # &"" !$ C&8 . & )6 )!$ " & $" &"& $" 6 ) 4$$/' $# &$3 ) 4 " & "&#46 4 7535 '$8 . & )6 4$$/' 34" ) # $ A !"'% C$% "D" $ #5

De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps

6 " "'6$ 3 "# ) /$ $$ 4#$$ 4$% 4$ #" / #!4'& 6$!$ $3 &#! " 5 " "'6$ !$ / #")' "$$! " 4$ )! /$ $$ 4#$$ .$3" " #!4' )! " $6$!$ &$3 4 ) .5 3 "& 4$ !$ / ##;& )H . . . .

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127

$'& /

Systems analysis checklists

5.7

What's in a system speci®cation?

Type: QA Checklist description #!4' $$% $ ##;'$ #" / $& &! ) "'' "444" )!" "$ / #"4& & 3 " "'6$$ " & &$3 4"$$5 &"''6 " $4#E#" $'& / ' 3 " 20A-0 4"3$5 6 '"3 " &N#' ;4 # $$ % ' "' #"4"/' ) / 3 .&O

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"/'$ A "!% 4!"6 &(% $# &"6 &#$% 3% )C #6 4!D #'! $ A "!% $D% 4 "'6% ''$% 36 '$% )3 ;6$5

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De®nitions/techniques 5

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130

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5.8

General quality checks for a system speci®cation

Type: QA Checklist description $ 3 ". " 6$!$ $3 &#! / " &$ 3"" " #$ ) $6$!$ &.'4! '' $!'65 " 6$!$ $3 / $)' &.'4$% !$ /H . . .

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De®nitions/techniques

A $6$!$ " "'6$$ 3'& 'H 4 !4'% 4&O 131

Systems analysis checklists

Next steps ) "'' ##;$ !"& "/.% # #4"' 36 $ $ 3' !$ !4" )" ) " $6$! &$3 5 ) $ $ 3% ' /'& 4#$$ '' / $.'6 "!4&5 $ 4$$/' 3 ""6 " #!4' &$3 ) # #4"' 36 $ ## $ # ) # $ #" / $'& 5

132

Systems analysis checklists

5.9

Checking a logical design

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#!4'( $ &"" !&'B $ "$6 $'" 4"$ ) $6$! !&'B $ "$6 #'&I(#'& 4 $B $ '; 3B $ !" &"6 &"" #'"'6 & E&B $ " 6 )' ) .'!$ " & $D ) &""I#&$B $ $ )!" #4"& 3. " 3 $D 3B $ " (#$$. $ ) M"3$I &#"$ &$3 # #'& / )& )! 4$ # "/$ # ) &""I#&$B 6 " 6 B

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5.10

Six steps to ®rst-cut data requirements

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De®nitions/techniques 5

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137

Systems analysis checklists

5.11

How to do data modelling

Type: To do Checklist description

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141

Systems analysis checklists

5.12

Object orientation ± development steps for a data-centric approach

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Systems analysis checklists . .

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Analyse attributes (properties) . !" )!" A &"" 64% "''"/' ."'$% ! I!"(% "##"#65 . 4 & #6 )!" A ."'$% $ ) ."'$% '$ ) "''"/' ."'$5 . ."/' A $ $'& / ') & 3 " "'6$$ " & &$3 & ) 4)!" # $ '& / " 4/'! 7/ 6 $'& / & E&85 . 64 ) % 535 ' 3 # !$% #$% !'$ #5 Reiterate analysis . ; ) ! 3 "'D" $ " & 44 $ $ " #5 " "$ "/$ " !.& 4 " #'"$$ "#6 $! ) !&$ !"6 & / !.& !5 . ; ) ""$ ) & .&$3 $4#"''6 $4#"'D" $ 3 "'D 3 '& '$ $! !4" &"'$5 . "$ 44 " / 4"& 3 !4" # /@#$B . " 6 #'"$$$ " " ?#.'6 $"! 3B 64#"''6 6 $" !" 6 #!! "/$ A !3 !5 . '' !"' '$ ) ;6$ /@#$5 . #; " "$$#" $ " ."'& " & " 3 '.' "#6 7535 .#' !$ ". '$ A " ) :$ " /"B85 #; "'$ ! !!) ' ;$ " " 3 '.' 7535 #$! !$ ". " '"$ "## A " ) #$! $ '6 " 4$4#B8 . " 6 !$$"3$ " 4"$$ 3 " /@# $3 E#" #" 3 " /@#B Analyse state transitions . "# /@#H A &$#/ $" A &$#/ # . $% "/$ " & ' ;$ '"& $ $" A &$#/ " . $ " & "# $ #" 3 $ $" " & "5 . ,&# " ; ) $"$ A $ $ ?#.'6 " !$$"3 !& 4" " & & )6 $4$ /6 #'"$$)6 3 "# /@#H A 4"$$. /@#$ A #. !$$"3 " & $4 & $ & ."'$5 A "#. /@#$ A #. !$$"3$ " & $ & !$$"3$ /@#$5 . & )6 $ 3 ) $"$ # !"6 4 # !$$"3 4"5 Detect required methods . &$ #" / &#& /6 &! 3H A " /.$ /@#!& #" &&"$ 7535 !4'6 /@# !"6 ". " L4&# ,=0: !&8B A " $'& / /@#:$ $4 $ "# &? 64 ) #! 3 !$$"3B A " #" 3$ " /@#:$ $" " (4#&B A " " L"''&: . $ # !3 "?# $ /@#B . &$ !3 )"'' ."$ #"3$H A 4!"6 !&$ 7$ " !"''6 "$$!& ($ " & " !"''6 $ 8H . #" 7 #'&$ ."'&" /)" &8 143

Systems analysis checklists

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. # # 7$"/'$ '" $4 / /@#$8 . 3 7. $! ."'$8 . $ 74&" $! ."'$8 . &$# # 7/"; # # " & &' L#'&: /@#8 A 4/'! $' !&$ A /@# &$ & % P% T A &6 "!# !&$ A /@# &$ $4 & . % % " & 3 " . A ) "' 36 A ."'&" % " &' 3% !% $6 # D" 5 ; " $!'$ " & $4 $ ) "# /@#$ " & $'. " 6 " !"'$5 A /@#$ " $4 & $!'$B A /@#$ $!'"& $4 $B

Apply methods and rationalize them . $/ !&$ /@#$ ) !& 4!"'6 "?#$ /@#:$ "/$ $"5 . ) &$/ 3 !&$ L';'6 : /@#$ A & 4!D !&$ /6 ##; 3H A !&$ " "?# !" 6 /@#$ A $#4 ) " !& $'& / '!& .6 ) 7&"''6 8 /@#5 A ) " !&:$ $' ) # $ 4"$$ " !$$"3 " /@#:$ !&% ##; ) &$3 ) 3 " 3 !$$"3 $ ##5 6 &$ $ " !&"6 /@# ) !$$"3 4"$$ 3B '$$ :$ " 4'6!4$!B A ) " #" 3 $4 $ ) !& "?#$ " &' 3 ) $4 $ !" 6 !&$% !"6 / !# &4 & #6 !&$5 $& # $'&" 3 $! ) !&$5 A ) !" 6 !&$ " .;& "#. " $ 3' L'3#"' " $"# : !"6/ #" ) !&$ $'& / # $'&"&5

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6 System build checklists

147

System build checklists

6.1

What logical data models get wrong (and have to be put right)

Type: Analysis Checklist description !$ $6$!$% &'6 3 &""/"$ $ ;6 "44'#" &.'4! $##$$5 &""/"$ $#$ 3 " & .6 3 '$ '' !"''6 )''5 3 " & #"$ $$ "$ &.'4$ "44'6 ;" &$ " & !4"6 !"$$ 3 "44'#" ;5 ) % " "'6$$ 4"$ #" 4&# " 4$ % '3#"' &"" !&'5 .% ) !&' $ !4'! & !&E#" $% #" '"& " ' $ ) 4)!" # 4/'!$5 !" "$ $ 46$#"'D 7% ! ##'6% 4&# D8 " '3#"' &"" !&' "H . .

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System build checklists .

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$' A P #'& #" $4"" "/'$ $ #$! &$# $% & &$# $ #5 / ) &$# $ ". '" $4$ "# 7535 6 " / "44'& #!/ " 8 43"!! "$ "##$$ $."' "/'$ " & "##!'" )!" ." #&5 A "' ". $ #" " &$# & "$ " C ;6 #$!& #5 "$ $ $# &"6 &($ !5 .% $# &"6 &($ '' "'$ /#! $;& '' ."'$5 A 4$$/'6 $ !. !" &"6 L; : ."'$ ) ) ;6 74!"6 $# &"68% 535 ;6 /#!$ &64% #$!&% & &% &' !/5 $ "/'$ " $4"& ) &"" 3 "/'5

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System build checklists . .

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64#"''6% " $"# $6 "/'$ " '6 $& $'#& )!5 ) 6 " . 4&"&% $ & ". " C ;65 # "/' #" / &#'"& C ;6 % "' ".'6% &#'"& "$ L"4: " & '6 "$ C $# &"6 &($ "/' )"$ $'# ) 34$ ) #&$5 '6 &$ $ $4& 4 $ "/' / ".&$ & "&& " #'! !"; "E#"''6 C5

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

& )6 3 4/'! A !&' !"6 &#" 7." &"3"!8 " #" "/' $ " #"& 3 % )"#% &"" !"6 / #!4' 7$ $ &#"& /6 " !" &"6 '" $485 A ("!4'% #$!% #$! & " & 4"6! &"'$ A #" " #$! / #"& " &B " " & / #"& 4"6! &"'$B "' '&% #!4' 4""' )!" !"6 & / #"4&5 A F$ $ $'& / "$;& ) "# !" &"6 '" $4 A '' &"" "'"6$ / 4$ "'' ##!$" #$B $ C& #"4 4""' )!" " & #!4' '"B 151

System build checklists .

' A #" ) $% $! ; & ) L #!4': $"$ &$ / !";& &#" " $ &"" $ / $& ) 4#$$ 3 ' "$ / #!4'&5

De®nitions/techniques &( A " !& ) &# 3 " $ 3 7$ "!% $"68 " $" &"& $ & .$ $ " $"# 3 $ !"& " &# !"#% 535 !% !% !6% !6 "'' 3 $ & ) $"# 3 44$$5

Next steps "'$ ##;'$ =5* L""/"$ 46$#"'D" A E. ""$ ) $)' 4$ " & #;$:5

152

System build checklists

6.2

Database physicalization ± ®ve areas of useful tips and tricks

Type: Analysis Checklist description ""/"$ 46$#"'D" $ " #;6 /$ $$5 " !" 6 &4 & #$ #'& 3H . . .

4"#'" C64!D" # C$5 " $ #" #" 3 4 '"$ "44'#" $"3 ) &"" 3 &"" . ! " & # '6 C6 $"$#$ ". / 4&"&5

)'' 3 $ " $ ) # C$ " #" / $& " # 4)!" # .$ " &""/"$ 4)!" # $ /3 3 &3"&5

Checklist Tables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

4 "'' )"# # .$ &"" $4"" "/'$ A & !3 L'.: &"" A )"#$ #" #" 3 . ! " & $ /$ $'" 6 "44'#" )! $ #" 3$5 ("!4'% ) 6 !" " &4"! "'#&$ $4""'6 )! " # $6$!% & : $ &4"! "'#& "## #& $# A $ " ';4 $ " ) &4"! "' $6$! #" 3$ $ #& 3 $# 6 '6 ". )"# "/' #" 35 Primary keys and secondary indices . "; "'' ;6$ 3 " " #""#$ "$ )" "$ 4$$/' 7. ';4$8 $ # $ " )"$$ ) &""/"$ !"# 3 @ $ #5 153

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

Codes and lookups . ". " 3 # ';4 "/' ) !$ #&I&#& ."'$ ) $#H #&64 Y 3Z% #&."' Y 3Z% #&$&$4'"6 Y#"7> 28Z% #&&$#4 Y#"7=08Z% #& &$4'"6$C # !/ Y 3Z5 . : $ $#& #&$5 4' "# #!4 "$ " #'! $ 35 . $ (4'# " 3$ #&$ & $! $4#"' $3 E#" # 7535 4" $ 1A2000 " !"&% 2001A9000 " /35 4/'! ##$ 6 $" !"; 3 6 2001 4"85 Useful patterns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undry tips . #'& &"I! $"!4 $I4&" 7/ ##8 A #" / $& ) $)'#; 3% $"# . $ R$ " & $ !/&6 #!! $& /6 !" 6 &.'4$% 535 @ 3 #$! / " 3& #" &&" ) " R5 154

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System build checklists .

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Next steps "'$ ##;'$ =51 L" '3#"' &"" !&'$ 3 3 7" & ". / 4 38:5

155

System build checklists

6.3

Seventeen quality checks for a physical data model

Type: QA Checklist description 3 46$#"'D" 4#$$ ) " &"" !&'% " ,6$#"' "" $3 $4#E#" $'& / 4&#& 7$ ##;'$ L. 3 " 46$#"' &"" !&':85 $ ##;'$ #" / $& ##; # $ ) $# " &#! ) #!4' $$5

Checklist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

De®nitions/techniques 4!D" A 4#$$ ) $ 3 $"$#$ "/ " "/' " $$ # $# C6 4"$ &""5 ) $ $"$#$ " 4&"& 4&#"''6% !"6 #$ "444" !&$ 3 &"" $ $' 3 & $6$! 4)!" #5

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156

System build checklists

6.4

What modules to add into every application build

Type: Analysis Checklist description ) $6$!$ &$3 # $&$ '6 ) # $ " " !!&"'6 "44" /$ $$ $5 .% " !" 6 '! $ " $'& / /' $6$! "$ " !" ) #$ & " $6$! $ ) 4&# /'& C"'65 F"'6 $6$!$ " '"/' 7 )8% #!4' 7$"/'% && ) # "'68% "$6 !" " % M(/'% N# 7& @/ C#;'6 $!4'68% ?#. 7& 3 @/85 "#. $% $! " "'6$$ $ C& &! "'' #!4 $ " " C& / /' " & 6 " / $& A " $6$!$ )"$#5 $ $ ##;'$ ##; " #!4 $ & / /' $6$! )! &"6 15

Checklist Common modules !! !&'$ #" )! /"#;/ ) " $6$! A #"&'% ) 6 ';% # "'' /$ $$ ) # "'6 $ '&5 ) % # &.'4&% #!! !&'$ #" / $& )% '"& $6$!$5 " 3& $6$!$ "##% )'' 3 #!! !&'$ $'& / &.'4& " & $& 3 &.'4! H .

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

System build checklists .

#.6 '3 A ''# ) 4)!" # $"$#$ " & $#6 )!" H . # ) # $ $& " & /6 !B P #" $ $ ) $#6 " & &! ) " )" $ $ &$ ) " 3 #5 . )"'& "##$$ "!4$5 A " " /"#;4 '3 74'$ $ ) ##; &3$ ##"' ."'$85 A ''# " & &"3 $# )!" 7 " I? 4""!8H . # & "' 4" & E#" . ##"' &"" "##$$% $"! % 4#&% '4 & 755 3. " C !/ "# ##"' 4 " & "# 43"!8 . "/' "##$$$ " & !/ ) $ & . !/ ) !$ 3 " '4% 55 " # 5

Locking strategy $ "'"6$ " &" 3 !'$ $6$!$ " $$ " 4&" $"! 4# ) &"" " $"! !5 $ #" #"$ 4/'!$5 ) $$ 6 4&" " #$!:$ "&&$$% $"6% # "&&$$ $ ## B ".& $ 4/'!$% " '#; 3 $"36 !$ / "&4& " '#;$ &"" / 3 4&"& /6 $ )! $!'" $ 4&"$ C$& /6 " $5 )'' 3 " $! ) "44"#$ '#; 3 " #'& / $&H .

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

System build checklists . .

$ 3 ) " M"3 . &#" $ '#;&5 $ $ #'"& 4&" $ $6$! $ 3' $ ) ".6 4#$$$% 535 . 3 /"# A ?#.'6 '#;$ ' &""/"$ /6 &$"/' 3 " 6 ; & ) ' $ '3 5

Maintenance Facilities ' 3$& !&'$ " #"6 $44 /$ $$ " $"# $% &$ / " $ ) !" " # ) # $ " ;4$ $6$! 3 $!'6 /6 $ 3 &"" / $& #'" 3 ""6 //$5 $ " $"!4' ) ) # $ " !"6 & / "&&&H .

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

'& /"#;4$ " & #.6 4 $ A '3 $6$! #"$$ " '#! 6 $'& / (4#&5 .'4$ & "; " #")' '; " $ "$4# ) "44'#" !&' &$3 5 A " " !/ ) /"#;4 !#" $!$ " #'& / !4'6&H . &""/"$ ##;4 $ $".4 $ . &$; #4$ " & !"3$ . "4 &!4$ . " $"# '33 35 A 44$ ) 4'"# 3 &'/" #.6 4 $ $ ! !D &$4 /$ $$ . ) " #"$5 $ #" / & /6 4'"# 3 $6$! /"#;4$ " 4 $ $ "$6 #. 5 A $ /"#;4 4 $ #'& / 4'"#&H . /)I") ".6 4#$$ 3 7535 /)I") . 3 /"#8 . & 3 (4#& L' .'!: 4&$% 535 ' #! . 4 4&" 3 ) " ( "' $6$! . 4 4&" 3 )! " ( "' $6$! A "#;4$ !"6 & #'&H . &""/"$ . !4I(4 &"" " &I E'$ . !4"6 "/'$ . $6$! . ! .""/'$ " & $6$! E'$ 7535 3$6 $ 3$% 5 E'$ #58 159

System build checklists .

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

Other module considerations " " ) ""$ " !3 & / 4'" . . .

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De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps ##;'$ =5- L &.&"' !&' C"'6 A ;6 C$ $ "$;: $ $ !$ '' "?# "#"' !&' /'&5

160

System build checklists

6.5

Individual module quality ± key questions to ask

Type: QA Checklist description C"'6 ) " &.&"' !&' $ &N#' !"$5 '' C"'6 !"$$ " $/@#. " & $!!$ C"'6 '$ ". / /; ) 3" 3&5 .% $ &$"/' "!4 ". $! ; & ) # $$ #6 ) "44"# "#$$ !&'$ " & $ ##;'$ #" / $& "$ " L6"&$#;: !"$ $! "$4#$ ) !&' C"'65 !3 / /$ "44'& " &$;##; 3 "';3 $ 35 $ #!! && " ##"' !&'$ " 4 3 $ ; & ) F $ 3 $ # $ 4#$ ) #& '' / $/@# !$ $$$ " & 4$$/'6 !$ #" 35

Checklist General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omplexity . #!4'( $ !&' # $# B A $ "$6 )''B A " $! '$ !" " B 7 '6 ) $ $ " 3 & " & " ""6 43"!58 A /3 $ !&'B . $ 4.& !" 6 ) # $ 7535 #!4'( #"'#'"8 $!4' B . !!$ /3 $ /")' 7"'' ) # $ 4'"#8 " & $!"'' $ 3'6 7 !" 6 #!4 $ ;4 "#; )85 . ' $'& / !&' #" / $& "$ $5 161

System build checklists .

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$ '' #!! &B A '& / 4$ "'' #&5 A (4'" " /'#; ) #& " /'#; ) #!! " " ' /6' #!! $5 A $'& / " !&' .$ "$ &#'"& "$ " # $" "$ '' "$ " #!! & .$ $65 "$6 $ ) !&' / #" 3&B

Links to other modules . !" 6 )"# #"''$ !&'$B . $ $ "'' #!! !&'$ C&B A " &' 35 A /3 )!" #''" 5 A #.6 " & $#6 '33 35 A !! #"'#'" $ 7535 &" !" 4'" 85 A #6 ."'&" 7$4#"''6 C& ) "44'#" $ && ) 85 Testable . " / $&B A $ " $ " $$ " & " "'$# $ ) 4'"6"/' $ #"$$ 7" #" / " #& " & "3! &8B A "$ " .'! $ / # &#& ##; ) /' #;$ "'6 4#$$B . " / $ !/&6 ) # "'6 C& /6 $3 4#E#" A ! " & '$$B . $ ) &" 4""! " " $6$! &" A $ '' "''H A /"# $ $4" !& 3 "&.$ ?#$ A $ 3 #6#'$ / &4 & ) !"# &" 7535 $4& 4 ! '6 #6#' $ 3% $ ) /5 *9 #58

De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps ##;'$ =5= L" $"# $ " & &$3 !:5 "'$ ##;'$ =52 L" !&'$ "&& .6 "44'#" /'&:5

162

System build checklists

6.6 Transactions and how to design them Type: QA Checklist description $ /$ $$ $6$!$ " !"& 4 ) " $"# $5 " $"# % $ # (% $ ! 4&"$ " E' "/' $# " & $" ) &"" M#$ /$ $$ &5 $ !4" $ " "# " $"# 7 $% 4&"% &'8 $ #!4' " & '"#; 3 " 6 35 " ."$ "/$ ) "# " $"# # & 4"$$ " $ #"''& $ 7$ ##;'$ /'85 44$ ) $ $ $ "# " $"# $ $'"& " & &4 & $ " " #'" #.6 4 $5 $ !" $ " $'& " 6 3 3 3 !&&' ) " " $"# % 6 #" 3 /"#; " $") 4 % 55 3 $6$! " & &""/"$ " # $$ $"5 $ ##;'$ # " $ ;6 $$ "44'6 " $"# $5 '$ !"6 / 4$$/' ##; .6 " $"# $6$!% ##"' 4&" " $"# $ $'& ". )'' 3 "/$H

Checklist Atomic . $4# $ " . $ " " $"# 4&"$5 . $ " " $"# " $"# LE $

$ ) #!4'( "# $ 4)! &""/"$ $ #!4'(5 '' $##& #!4''6 )"' #!4''6 A 4""' '".$ &""/"$ " # $$ $" " 3 ) " @/:5

Consistent . $4# " $$ 4&"$ " !/ ) "/'$ E'$ " $ 3' " $"# 5 . " ."$ 64$ ) " $"# # $'& / ##;&H A "& " & &"' ' $ " "$ " # $$ $ A .#$% &$ #5 A $ ) $ 4&"$ " "' A @ "' 4$ 3% #"$ /"# 6 A $ " & ' ; $ 6 $ 4 "' '" $45 Isolation . $4# " !'4' " $"# $ "?# 3 $"! 6 "$ 3$ 3 $ ')#6#'5 . $ " "# " $"# &$ ) 4" ) $5 $'& &4 & "$$!4 " $ ". / 755 $'& ##; "'' $ $" 3 # & $ "$ 4" ) $ 4#$$85 Durable . $4# !3 / $! &'"6 / #!! 3 " $"# " & $ &"" / 3 "."'"/' 4#$$$5 . # " " $"# "$ #!4'&% $ "# $ $'& / !!&"'6 4$ ) " $"# $ 4#.5 163

System build checklists .

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

Other . $'& : / " 6 #"''$ !&'$ " " $"# 5 . " $"# $'& "'"6$ ". " #'" /3 3 " & &5

De®nitions/techniques ,"3'.' '#; 3 A $ ##$ '#;$ " /'#; ) &"" 7$"6 " * /'#;8 " " " &.&"' 5 4 & 3 &% " 4"3 #" # " $."' $5 # ) &" ) 4&"% 4&"$ $ 4"3 " C&5 $ #" #"$ " /' #; ) 3 $% 535 ( !/ "''#" #'! $5

Next steps 6 ;6 " $"# # &$ )'E' $ #" $'& / #&& #"5 $ " $"# /"$& $6$!$ "'$ &#'" L$" " $"# :% L & " $"# : !";$ $ " &.'4$% &# 3 " % #" $" ) " $"# 5 4 & 3 64 ) % 6 !"6 6 " $"# "/ 7 !"''6 4"$$ 3 /"#; " $85 "'$ ##;'$ =5< L" #'& " #!! &# " & " &' 3:5

164

System build checklists

6.7

What to include in common error detection and handling

Type: QA Checklist description $ ) "'' $6$!$ "44"#$H

& ". "

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#"4"/'65 " 4$$/'

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(4 #& '"D6 &.'4$ & : #'& "'' ; &$ ) "44 3 #& $ (4$ 3 "44'#" 4 "' #"$$ (4 #&% "&; 3 &.'4$ $!!$ )3 3$ " & ) $! "44 3 &$ : 3 #&&5

""''6% $! #'& "3 " "44"# 7/8 #'& $? )! $"! 4/'!$5 % / " '"$ #!! $% '$ ) $ / 3 "44& #" #"$ 4'"# 7" " "#$$ "'' &? 43"!$ " $6$!85 # /'&$ " 4$6 ) $5 E( # " " E(!" 6 !$ / " #"4 " & ! $' "44"#5 $ ##;'$ #" / $& &E " $'& / #'&& 7 E$ $" #8 " #!! 5

Checklist 1

$ ) $ ") "# " $"# "/' 4" 5 $$ #'&H . &"&'#; &#& . !/ ) 7$8 % 4&"&% &'& 4 "/' E' 4" . " / ! " B . " / DB . "$ / '#;& " & $"6& '#;& & 3 $ " $"# % 55 '#;& )! !! &"" "$ "& " &% 4"4$% &$4'"6& $# ) 4&" ' #!!& /"#; &""/"$5 7$ #" / & 3 ?#. $ ) ! $"!4$ ) $ /' 58

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System build checklists .

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'" # ##;$H . $ " 3 #"'#'" 4$ $" &"& &." $ ##; 4 ."'5 ) "' #"'#'"& ."' ."$ $3 E#" '6 M"3 " " 35 ,"6 ##;H . $)' ) $ 3 !" 4'" $"!$ ) &"" A 535 #'! # $% ##;&3% & # 5 36 ##;$H . $ &"" '" $4$ " !" " &5 4" $ ' 4" $5 !" ##;$H . ."'$ &!" % 535 &"$% 4$ #&$% "! $ . E'&$ $'& ". #!! ."'&" 4#&$ $ # $$ $"3 " & " &' 35 "3 $# ##;H . "; " $ ) ; 4$ " & 4$ " & ! 3 $6$!5 "/4 & " & $ $" &$ # &$# & 3 ."3 A 3 )!" % 535 L "$ ##&: '4)' A #'$ "$ # 43"! 43"!% "$ ##&5

" &' 3H . . . .

/$ " $"# " & 4)!$ ''/"#; 7$ ##;'$ =5= L" $"# $ " & &$3 !:85 ,'"#$ $ /"#; "444" $# " & E'&5 '"3$ /"# !" "3 $ " @/$ /"# " #!! #&5 ."' $ $ $##$$ )"' ") "# " $"# 5

De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps "'$ ##;'$$ =5= L" $"# $ " & &$3 C"'6 A ;6 C$ $ "$;:5

166

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System build checklists

6.8 How to distribute modules to servers Type: To do Checklist description # " '3#"' &$3 "$ / 3 $ "' 4"$$ ) 46$#"' &$3 % $4' 3 ) ) # $ &'."/' 43"!$ " & #!4 $ $ ( $"3 ) 46$#"' &$3 5 &! /$ &$/ $ 43"!$ " & #!4 $ "#$$ 46$#"' "&" "##% $ $ ##;'$5

Checklist Initial distribution . ,'"# 43"!$ " & #!4 $ /"$& 64H A $ $.# #!4 $ 7$# $ #58 , / $. A

&"" $.# #!4 $ 7F #"''$ #58 &"" $.

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/$ $$ " $"# #!4 $ " /$ $$ $. 7) $6 6!$ &"" $.85

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System build checklists

Next steps $ #" / $ )! "/.% &$/ ) $)" $.$ $ " L$#;" &$: "44"# " ) 3&' $5 .% /6 ".'6 $ 3 # E3" % $'& / 4$$/' #! 4 " $"/'6 4)! 3 "44'#" 5 ) % !"6 / $! ) &"! "' 4 )!" # $$$ " " $& &$3 # #" / E(& /6 $. # E3" A $ ##;'$ =59 L & 3 /3 ) 4)!" # /' #;$:5 "''6% $'& / & " "$ "44'#" /#!$ ! &'6 $&% # E3" $'& / .$&5 . !% " "44'#" $ ';'6 ".H . . .

! # # $$ ! $$$ $ " & &""/"$ # # $ ! " $"# $ ! &"" !. 3 "#$$ " ; " & " /$ &"" $. 4 "''6 ! 4"3 '#;$ ! &"" $& 3 &""/"$$ ! &"" .& C$ " & # ! &"" !. 3 "#$$ " ;5

$C '6% :$ !4" . 4)!" # " & # E3" #" 3$5

168

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System build checklists

6.9 Finding the big four performance bottlenecks Type: Analysis Checklist description $! 4 ') ) !$ "44'#" $% 4)!" # 4/'!$ /#! .& 5 #" / & 3 &.'4! " & $ 3 % . $% '" & 3 '. $"35 !!$ " 4)!" # /' #; #" / 4&#&5 $ 4.&$ " 4'"# $" ;5 ) % .% " /' #; "44"$ )! L ) /': " & ) " "'6$$ $ C&5 $ ##;'$ $ && "$$$ &! 3 4)!" # /' #;$ " & 3. $! $ .#! !5

Checklist Query design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

Table design . $ "/' / 3 L: " ' 7535 " ( !/ "''#" "/'8B A ,$$/'6 $4' "/'5 A #"$ E'' )"# ' 4"3 '#;$ "$5 . " #!4'( 4#$$% &$ "/' &$3 LE3: 4#$$ &$3 B A ("!4'% ) " "/' "$ / @ & !" 6 !$ $') "#. " C! !"6/ "/' &$3 $ M"&5 A 64#"''6% $! "/'$ !"6 & / & !"'D& /6 #"6 3 #"'#'"& #'! $ " " ". " 4#$$ #"'#'" ."' .6 ! $ &&5 169

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171

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6.10

Why projects don't achieve software reuse

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6.11

How to ®nd the causes of extremely elusive errors

Type: Analysis Checklist description

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6.12

Four standards to apply to the user interface

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De®nitions/techniques 5

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7 QA and testing checklists

179

QA and testing checklists

7.1

Establishing the need for testing and QA

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De®nitions/techniques 5

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180

QA and testing checklists

7.2

Setting the scope of testing ± avoiding the bottomless pit

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De®nitions/techniques 5

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182

QA and testing checklists

7.3

Ensuring a mix of testing types is present in a project

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Checklist Veri®cation testing Purpose

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"$#"''6 4$ 3 C$ H L". /' 3 3B: & $ " $ C& @$ " $ &'.&5 # $ " $ 3 44'4@# 3"' !4"$$ "$ 44$& " !4"$$ $)"5 Tests to apply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

QA and testing checklists A

4" "'H . $ $6$! "$6 B . " /"# $#&'$B . " $ &4 & #6 ) /"# $#&'$B . /"# &4 & #6 A @/$ " & $6$!$ " !$ $4 ) $ )"' . " "44 $ ) $6$! )"'$B & .$"3 $"? #"6 3 @/$B . ". 4'" & " & " & ) $6$! )"'B . & ;4 4'" 3 " & " 3 ) $B $ $4 $/' $ "44 $B "'$ "4 + L6$! !4'! " ##;'$$:5

De®nitions/techniques ##;'$$ !";& "$ F 3 /;5

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185

QA and testing checklists

7.4

What to test at two key milestones of a project

Type: QA Checklist description $ 4@#$ ". $ 3 4"$ # $ $)" $ &'.&5 .% $ " ;6 4 $'& / " ".6 $ 3 4"$ " & $ $ $6$!$ &$3 &#! " "$ / #!4'&5 $ ##;'$ #" / $& &! " $$ $'& / "44'& / ;6 $ 4"$$5

Checklist 1

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De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps " $ ##;'$ #" / $& #!/ " L $ 3 " !( ) $ 3 64$ $ 4$ " 4@#: ##;'$ 7<5>8 " & "'$ &"'& ##;'$$ 3 $ /;5

187

QA and testing checklists

7.5

Setting up the test team ± personnel and policies

Type: Analysis Checklist description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QA and testing checklists 78 7)8 738

78 78

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189

QA and testing checklists

7.6

What test documentation should I maintain for application testing?

Type: To do Checklist description ) $ 3 $ & 3% :$ & 3 ''5 " $."' ;6 $ &#! $ " $'& / !" " &H . . . .

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7/8 7#8

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Test day

1

2

3

4

5

6

Actual (target) date

20/3

21/3

24/3

25/3

26/3

27/3

1±2 (Paul)

3±6 (Paul) 1±6 (Kate) 1 (Ops)

7±9 (Paul) 7±10 (Kate) 11 (Kate) 12 (Kate) 1 (Ops) 1 (Ops)

Threads Order entry Invoicing End of day

1 (Ops)

1 (Ops)

192

QA and testing checklists 7&8 78

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193

QA and testing checklists

De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps ) "# $ 3 % $ !4" . $ 3 #&$ " & $"$#$ $ 3 "!H . . . . .

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194

QA and testing checklists

7.7

Where to get test data from for application testing

Type: Analysis Checklist description " 3 $ &"" $ " " ) $ 3 4#$$% / $ "'$ $!!$ !$ &N#' "#.6 3 34$ 5 !4 $. $ &"" '"&$ #!4 $. $ 3 / &$ " &"" #! )!B $ ##;'$ $33$$ $! ) $#$ ) $ &""5

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196

QA and testing checklists

7.8

General tests to apply to a screen

Type: QA Checklist description $ ##;'$ $ " #!4 $. L#; '$: ) ##; 3 C"'6 ) " $# 5 #" / $& $ 3 "$ / !$$& /'& 3 ) " $# #!4 5

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## " & "444" L ( E'&: $C # 7!"6 / &4 & 4.$ E'& 485 Function keys, icons, menus and buttons ". &$& ?# ". "##4"/' 4)!" # " & $4 $ ! ". "##4"/' L$ $.6: 7535 & " / $#''$ 3 "! ) (8 # $$ $# $ # $$ &$6 $" &"&$5 Field input (see ®eld input checklist) !" &"6I4 "' &"" )#& " & $ "$ "/' 7" & $ $ $ !" &"6 &"" $ C&8 ."'& &"" "##4& 7 #'& 3 ."'& #!/ " $ ) &""8 ."'& &"" @#& 7 #'& 3 ."'& #!/ " $ ) &""8 !$$"3$ & '4)' $#'' 3 ')I3% 4I& $ "444" $D " & 4$ ) E'& ## $4'' 3% $4"# 3 " & "'3 ! ) E'& '"/' E'& '"/' $"/'6 & E$ E'& 64 E'& 4 !"$; 7535 &" "$ &&I!!I6666B8 ## "'3 ! ) E'& 4 !"$; ## &$4'"6 " & $ ) &)"' ) 3 &5 197

QA and testing checklists `Save' function &4'#" #&$ " ##;& " & " & @#& &"" $ $& ##'6 &""/"$ 7## E'&$% !" &"6 "/' '" $4$ #58 4)!" # ) L$".: $ "##4"/' "444" L ( $# : $ &$4'"6& 7!"6/ &4 & 4.$ $# 64 ) #& $".&8 "& !" "3! " & '#; 3 A #" $! '$ $ "; . 3 $"! &"" /) 4&" 3B " "44 $B

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De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps R"'&I ."'& &"" ##; 3 ! & #; '$ $ " &"'& "" ) $ 3 $') A $ ##;'$ <59 L 3 " $ &"" ) $# E'&$ 7&!" $8:5

198

QA and testing checklists

7.9

How to generate test data for screen ®elds (domains)

Type: To do Checklist description 4$ & " $# $% #" / &N#' ; $"5 $ ##;'$ 3.$ $! &"$ "$ " "'6$ $# E'&$ ) 3 " 3 $ &""5

Checklist 1

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"'' #""# E'&$% 6H . . . .

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6 A A A A A A

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& )6 &4 & E'&$H . . . .

=

##; "'' ."'& #!/ " $ 3 " ."'& 4" 3$ " "44 $ ) E'&$ " 44'"& .$ &B " "44 $ ) E'&$ " 44'"& ## & " & ##& /'" ;&B

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De®nitions/techniques " & / &"$ A $! $6$!$ "'' &3 6" $ # # . &" " )&3 6" /"$& " &" / &"65 ("!4'% ) &" / &"6 $ 1I1I19<0% "'' &3 6"$ '$$ " <0 " &!& / 6E$ # 6% 535 1I1I01 $ 1I1I*001 / 1I1I99 $ 1I1I19995 '& &4 & #6 A ) ."'$ ) E'& &! " #"

/ &

" E'&5

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200

/ $&

QA and testing checklists

7.10

How to prioritize errors and grade the acceptance of functions

Type: Analysis Checklist description $ 3% C#;'6 /#!$ "44" " "'' $ $'& / "& C"''65 '$ !"6 / $! ! " 6" #$% " "'$ L$ $44$:5 . $$ $% !"6 / " L4#; 3 &: ) E($5 # "$ 4" ) $ 3 $ !4" 4D $5

' " "6$ ) #"3D 3 $5 E$ '$ $ ) &.&"' $% 55 "$$3 " !/ #"36 " &$#.& &)#5 $# & '$ #" / $& 3"& &.&"' ) # $ $6$!5

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De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps E$ '$ #" / $& 4D !&"' ; '$ $# & '$ #" / $& &! # ) # $ C 4 "' 43"& 3 !&"' ;5 $ $# & '$ #'& / $& "$$$$ ."'' "##4"/'6 " & " $ C& !"; $6$! "##4"/'5

202

QA and testing checklists

7.11

Power testing 1 ± checking the underlying database

Type: Analysis Checklist description !!$ $ 3 #" )#$ '6 .$/' A ":$ " $# 45 & #.$ ) !" 6 "44'#" $ $ " &""/"$5 L3"/"3 % 3"/"3 : ' '& &#" " ) $! 3 $ 3 &""/"$% '' $ 4 $!5 $!!$ #" "; " ' 3 ! ) " #4 &""/"$ $ 45 # ) /@#.$ ) $ 3 $ &# $ "$ $ "$ 4$$/' 7" & /) " '. !4'! " 8% " L4: $ $'& !4'6 " 3 ) $$ " & # C$ #.& $ ##;'$ &$#. $ /6 3 " &'6 3 &""/"$5

Checklist SQL technique

Used for

Bulk copy out

Use to con®rm correct data updates, i.e. capture the pre- and post-conditions by copying the data to an ASCII ®le and doing a ®le compare once the test has been completed.

SUM/COUNT

Use . . . .

.

to ensure: full range of test cases is present in the DB imported data has properly converted derived data is correct (especially partial updates) as a pre-/post-condition for data recovery, e.g. take total, crash db, recover db, take total, ensure totals match can show missing or duplicated data.

Counts could be: . sums of all ®nancial ®elds . counts of rows . sums of integer key values . sum of ®rst character position of `e', say in text ®elds MAX

Use to ensure that last updated date on columns for all critical tables is not after the last recovered position (i.e. a recovery test).

NULL/NOT NULL function

Ensure that mandatory data is present.

Left/Right join

Ensure that mandatory entities are present ± can show partial-update problem. Ensure that duplicates have been disallowed where applicable. Check for ®eld truncation. Can ensure complex SQL has no many-to-many joins (Cartesian product).

Count/Group by/Having Len function Query path

203

QA and testing checklists

De®nitions/techniques "$" 4&# A " !"!"#"' ! ) 3 !'4'6 3 !"#$ 35 # '" "' &""/"$ 6 $ /"$& !"( 6% $ ! $ $!!$ $& ) !" 6 !" 6 "/' @ $5 4#E#"''6% ) "# "/'% "'' $ " "/' " "&&& 45 # ) $ " /"& @ / "/' $ " & "/' $% $' 3 4 '' / $5

Next steps "'$ ( L4 $ 3: ##;'$$5

204

QA and testing checklists

7.12

Power testing 2 ± thrashing and crashing the system

Type: To do Checklist description "44"# $ 3 $ $ &$# 5 '6 #" "' M"$ ) $6$! / ) &5 )"# $ " '$$ $ E &$ !% &$ . "''6 '' "'' /$ $$ $; " " "'$5 $ ##;'$ $ && $4 L4 $: E & M"$ $6$! /6 4.& 3 " $"!4' L '$:5

Checklist Session thrashing . #; '3 $4& !'4' '3 755 $!'" &"6 ! 3 " 9"!85 . #; '3? $4& !'4' '3? 755 $!'" &"6 3 " -4!85 .

4 '33 3 $$ ' '3 4#$$ $'$ & A 55 " $ $$$ " &' 3 '! ) $ "44'#" "##B Volume thrashing . "$ !" 6 $$$ $ "$ 4$$/' 7$ "/.8 !$ $# 36 ) # " $"# 5 . "$ !" 6 $$$ $ "$ 4$$/' !$ #!! $"3 ) # 5 . "# ) $ $$% ! ) )'' 3H A " .'! #" $6$! #4 " 6 &3"&" ) 4)!" #B A " .'! &$ $6$! 4)!" # $" &3"&B A " .'! &$ $6$! /";B . !4" " $$ $ "3" $ (4#& 4";$ " & 3$ 4 &"6% ;% 6" " & $4#"' ##!$" # 7535 !"; /!8 " & (4#& !( ) " $"# $5 . " $6$! #4 D .'!B . 6 &E 3 &""/"$ " $!"'' ($ E'' )"#5 A " "44 $ &""/"$ &"" "/'$ 3 . $ E'' )"#B A " $ (4#& E'' )"# " & (4#& 3 ) &""/"$% 55 '' E'' )"# / "#&B A $ $! "!"# !" "' 4#$$ " &#$ 3 ) E'' )"# "'6 3 / ##&B " $ $ $ ;$5 Recovery thrashing . " "44 $ ) 6 #. # A &/' 4&"$ " $"# $B . " "44 $ ) 6 '' 3 " $"# $ A " 6 !$$ 3 4&"$ " $"# $B . #; #.6 "$ !.& " 6 &($ 4 $5 . ) #.6% ##; "/' '" $4$ " ) $4 755 "/' 4&"& 85 . $ #.6 $##$$)''6 $ $"$ ) !4"6 E'$ " & "/'$B " "/ $6$!I 3$6 $ 3$B . $ #.6 $##$$)''6 $ $"$ ) !4 " & ("# E'$B . " $ $"$ ) )"# $6$!$ ") #.6 A & 6 & #. 3 B 205

QA and testing checklists . .

#; "'' E' '"$ #" 3& &"I! $"!4$ $ 6 " # $$ #.& 4$ 5 #; '"$ #" 3& &"I! $"!45 6 # $$ #.& 4$ B $ #" 3 $6$! &" !"B

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De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps 4.$ " & ( L4 $ 3: ##;'$$5

206

QA and testing checklists

7.13

Power testing 3 ± checking the business controls

Type: To do Checklist description ) 4/'!$ $ 3 . ! $ $ " $$ " # $#& " & # &#& " '. . ! 5 $ #" '"& " # # " ) # "'6 ) $6$! $ ## " & 3 $ $6$! '' ##'6 E /$ $$ 4#$$5 $ ##;'$ 4.&$ 3&" # ) L4 $: '; /6 & $6$! " $ & 3 /$ $$ 4#$$ # '$5

Checklist Function/Data access controls checks . " 4 " !"( ) $ 64$% ) # $ " & &"" $3! $5 . #; ) "# $ 64 "H A 6 #" "##$$ ) # $ 4!& A 6 #" "##$$ ) # $ &$"''& A 6 #" '6 $ &"" ) # 6 " $4 $/' A 6 #" C$ " 4 C6 # '' # " &"" ) # 6 " $4 $/'5 . $ 4 " & ) # # #&$H A ''3"' '3 "!4$ A ''3"' ) # "!4$5 Business process sequence checks . ) $ " !4'& $C # ) "# $ " /" #&$C # ) "# $ $H A "# $ " '6 "''& 6 $'& / "''& A "# $ " : &$"''& 6 $'& / "''& A "# $ " "''& 6 $'& / &$"''& A $4#E#"''6 I " "44'#" $ $ ) $ ) )"&I/"#;"& /$ / $ "; 3 $ "''&I&$"''& 4"3$ A $4#E#"''6 I " "44'#" $ 4"3$ #" / C$& " & "##$$& /6 3$$;5 Auditing and activity logging control checks . #; " "'' "# $ C& / '33& " / 3 '33&5 . #; "& 4 #"4$ 3 $3 E#" "#.6 A $ )H A 4 #" 3$ A 4 ?#$ ) #" 3$ A 4 $"' ."'$ .'!$ A 4 "!4$ 3" "##$$ # @#& A 4 /"# "$ #!4'& 7 #'& 3 $ " & $/!$$ $85 General checks . 6 ##;$ 207

QA and testing checklists $ $6$! $44 /$ $$ 4#$$ & ) $4"" ) &$ 755 " & " & " "D8B A $ $6$! $; # E!" /) #" "# $ " #"& B !4' $$ A "'' "# $ #&&B A " 6 "# $ " " .$/' 7535 4&" ) " "/'8B ##"#6 A "'' ##"' #"'#'" $ ##B 36 A "'' " $"# $ " & 4$ 3$ # $$ '6 "##"B A " 6 4""' 4&"$ # C !" "' . B A

.

. .

De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps 4.$ L4 $ 3: ##;'$$5

208

8 System implementation checklists

209

System implementation checklists

8.1

Change-auditing and change-capacity assessment ± how to see the big picture

Type: Analysis Checklist description . " #!4 $6$! $ !4'! & " 3" D" % $ "''6 /$ $$ 4#$$$ # " #" 3 35 :$ "'!$ !4$$/' ;4 .6 3 '$ $"! " & @$ / 3 " #!45 $ ":$ 4 ) !"; 3 #" 3 E$ 4'"#B .% !4'! 3 #" 3$ /$ $$ " ) )" ! #!4'( " $"''" ) " #!4 $6$!5 $ ##;'$ $ && '4 3 " " .. ) " $ #" 3 3 /$ $$% C" )6 '.' ) #" 3 " & #" 3 #" / L"/$/&: /6 /$ $$5

Checklist Change audit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

System implementation checklists )!" # '365 A "" " & $6$!$5 . " # '36 $ / 3 &#&B . !# ! &"" $ / #"4& $6$!B . !4" 6 #'5 A "& ."'$5 . '' #" 3 "?# $"& ."'$ 7535 !. 3 )! " L)"!'6: "!$4 " L#4": 8 . '' / 4#.& "$ 64##"'B / 3 # $$ B A & "&$ C"'6 " & "&& 3 ."'5 . &$ #" 3 "?# . ) $'.$% #$!$% $44'$B . '' "/' 44' $. #$!$ /B . !4" 6 &# 5 A ,'#$5 . $ #" 3 E # 4'#6B " &&$B " $'& / & B && " $C # " & 46 "# $5 .

7#8

("!4'H Structure Element

Current

New and who is affected

What needs to happen to whom by whom to move from current to new

Role change

Stores and Purchasing are separate depts

Purchasing responsibility (currently Dave in Accounts) will move to Stores (Mgr Bill)

± Bill will be offered Stores and Purchasing Mgr (Exec) ± Additional admin support for Bill required (HR) ± Dave released from Purchasing, will continue as Accounts Clerk (ACs) ± Bill will be required to produce monthly purchasing reports and budgets to Accounts (ACs) ± All Purchase orders will go to Stores so new procedure to be developed and launched to all with purchasing authority (Training) ± Bill trained in new system (Training) ± Bill trained in Purchasing practices (ACs)

Management As above procedures

As above

Operational procedures

As above

As above

Jobs and skills As above

As above

211

Sequence

2

Priority

High

10

Medium

10

Low

8

Medium

4

High

3

High

4

High

System implementation checklists Reward structure

As above

Information technology

As above

As above

As above

± 6 month pay review with Bill being offered Management grade 2 (Exec/HR) ± bonus if Bill reduces purchasing turnaround from 4 to 2 weeks (Exec/HR) ± Inventory system will have a purchasing and goods receipt module added (IT)

1

Medium

2

Medium

1

High

etc.

Assessing capacity for change ) '.' ) #" 3 .'!$ " 3" D" $ $$ $; 3" D" ) 44' /#! 3 &$"?#&5 $ ."' "$$$$ " 3" D" :$ #"4"#6 ) #" 3H 7"8 "; 3 "# #'! ) 4.$ "/' " & '$ "'' &.&"'$ " & &4"! $ 7 6 " " #. ) "# 8% "# % $C # " & 465 7/8 & $ #'! /6 "! 7" & /6 $C # 46 )! " &.&"' &4"! " '$& 35

"!8 $ "'' "# $ I

7#8

; 3 " "# $ "3" $ "# "! 7 $C # " & 468% )'' 3H . .' ) &$4 " &.&"'% &4"! "! A 3% !&!% ' . R"' $3 E#" # ) "#.6 #" 3 3"' A 3% !&!% ' . ;'6 "& ) &.&"' "! "&$ "#.6 A '#" % "!/."' % !/"# 35 7&8 ! #"4"#6 ) #" 3H . $ 3 ! "''& ) $ "#.6B . 3 $"? ) $ "#.6B . $"? 4$$$$ ## $;''$ ) $ "#.6B . " 6 ( "' )"#$ " ". / "&&$$& /) #" 3 #" "; 4'"# 7535 # $'" $% $3 3 ) # "#$ #58B . $ "#.6 E # #'B $ 3 !." ) $ "#.6B $ !" "3! $6' $"/' !" "3 3 $ 64 ) "#.6B 78 ! #"4"#6 ) #" 3 . #" 3 !$#"'H .

" $ !4'#" ) #" 3 ##$ & 3H A E " #"' 6" & "## $ "&B A "( 6" &% R 4 3 C"B A 4"; #$! &!" & 4& 7535 ##"! $"'$ $!!8B A $#;"; 3 4&B A '&"6 4&$ 7 $!"$% P"% $#' '&"6$ #58B A ( "' . $ 74'#"' '# % &3 #58B 212

System implementation checklists Managing the change capacity ! "/.% ) " &/$ . #"4"#6 $ $N# ) " &.&"'% &4"! "! "/$/ #" 3% " !/ ) $"3$ #" / "&4&H . . . . .

#"$ !/ ) $"? 7 $ ) !4"6 # "#& '"/8 A " $ $ " . 3 4#$$O .$ #" 3!4'! " !$#"'$ 7/ ##; " 6 ". ( && #" 3 " L/$6 4&:85 &# ! 4#" 3 # $'" " & #!! #" (#$$5 !. $! ##"' "#.$5 #"' /"#; '.' ) #" 35

De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps # #" 3"& " & #"4"#6 "$$$$! ". / !"&% $ 4$$/' &" 4 " #" 34'" 5 $ $'& &#" " $ / & ! /6 ! ) 5 $ "'$ 4$$/' $ $#$ " & &4 & #$ ) "'' "#.$5 % .% " $ $ '6 E$# 4'" 5 &$ / #!! #"&% " # 4 )"#$ !"6 / /3 '35 "' ;6$ ) ?#. #" 3 " #!! #" " & .'.! 5 $ " ' 44' & : '; #" 3 " & 44' '; #" 3 )#& 4 ! . '$$5 !& ) !. 3 44' )! $H . . . . . . . . . .

$ ! '' ! 6 6 #" : $"6 " 755 " $ #""'6$ ) #" 3B8 $ ! 7 .'. ! 4#; 3 8 '' ! 6 3" D" &$ 3 755 " &$ '"& B8 '' ! " "' ".$ " & 6 6 @#& "$; ! 3 )! ) " !" 6 "' ".$ 3 )! % '4 ! $ "' ".$ " 4)& !& & #" 3 "& " & #"4"#6 !" "3! E "' #! ) 4.$ $4 $ ! $'$ " & 3 ! E ! "$ #$$"6 ;4 '4 3 4.$ $4$ ' "3! $ "#& " & #" 3 $ "#. "/'5

) $ " & " & $ L6:% !$ 44' '' / "446 '4 L:5

213

System implementation checklists

8.2

Things to plan for in an implementation

Type: Analysis Checklist description P #" /'& !$ &)' $6$! '&% / : & /$ $$ " 6 3& ) :$ /"&'6 !4'! &5 & !4'! " C$ #")' 4'" 35 $ 4 /$ $$ $ !$ (4$& $; $ $ ?#.'6 / " (#$ '3$#$ " & $; !" "3 ! 5 $ ##;'$ #" '4 & )6 ""$ " C '3$#$5 .% 4 ) $ ##;'$% 6 $'& "$; 6$')% L" '$ #" 3 3B " " !6 $;$B:

Checklist Installation 1

'' 4'" H .

.

.

*

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

3" $ 3 7$ "'$H # <% F " & $ 3 ##;'$$8 .

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System implementation checklists

A

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2

. . . . . . " . .

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

.

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System implementation checklists

.

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Security 1

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System implementation checklists A A >

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Support 1

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Con®guration 1

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System implementation checklists Contingency 1

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De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps #& "''6% $; " !"6 & / "$$$$& " & !" "3& #")''6 $ $ " 3 4@# &4 & # #" &.&"'$5 ! "'; 3 " 3 !! " !4'! " #" $$'6 @4"&D 4@#:$ $##$$5 ! ) $"3$ " ;6 $"? "H . . .

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System implementation checklists .

'!"'6% 6 ". ; 6 44 :$ # . $#!5 P 44 $ !4'6 " $ ' 6 ;6 4$ ""6 )! 65

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System implementation checklists

8.3

Adopting the NASA go/no-go list

Type: QA Checklist description $ &"6 ) $6$! '" # "44"#$% $ ' "&4 3 3I 3 "44"# ;6 44' 3 "# 4" ) 3I 3 '$5 "# !4'! " ! 3% $ ;6 C$ $ " "$;&5 $ '6 ) "'' !$ " L3: $'& $6$! / '" #&5 " $ /$ #"$ $ '$ /6 !# A $ !" / " $!!"6 " & &"'&5 ) &"'& '$$ " C&% 6 $'& / !4'! & "$ $/'$$ /6 "# ;6 &.&"' ) $ " $ 3 $ C$ $5

Checklist System acceptance go/no-go ". "'' "##4" # #" / "3&B "$ $6$! ! #" 73 $ 38B "$ $6$! / "##4&B $ &"" # .$ #!4'B $ &"" # .$ $"$)"#6B System installation go/no-go $ $6$! 7"&"% ;% &.#$% 46$% % "44'#" $)"8 #!4'B "$ / ##'6 " & #!4''6 $"''&B "'' $ 4E'$ $"''& ## 4!$$ $B Business environment go/no-go $$ "&6B $ " 3 ) $$ #!4'B ". " 6 '3$'" 4"##$ #! ?# " "?# $6$! # "$ "'"&6 / "44&B $ 3 ! ) '" #B $'' " '" # &B External factors go/no-go L$44'$: 7 #'& 3 )"# $6$!$8 ; " 6 ". "3& $44'6B 6 "&6 $44'6 !B Contingency plan go/no-go ) " "/ $ $ &&% #" # 3 #6 4'" #! !!&" ?#B " 6 &4 & #$ # 3 #6 4'" " " 4'"#B 221

System implementation checklists

De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps ) " 6 ) " $$ "/. " L : /.$'6 $ " $; /$ $$ ) $6$! $ '" #&5 $")6 $";% '& / / '" # ) $ " 6 &/ "/. $$$5 .% " '" # #" $!!$ / # !4'"& 4.&& $ "&C" !" "3! ) $;% 535 6" & 4 3 #" / "3& / &'.& " " '" &" ) 6" & $ 10 ! $ ""65

222

System implementation checklists

8.4

How to build a training course

Type: To do Checklist description ; "'' "#.$ ) $)" &.'4! " & &4'6! % / $##$$)'% " 3 C$ #")' 4'" 35 )"#% " 3 43"!! ) " $6$! &$ / " &'& "$ ) $ &.'4! 5 $ $# &$ 4"$$ 3 ."$ &.'4! $"3$H . . . . .

$ C! $ " "'6$$ #$ $# " & &$3 #$ /'& " 3 '' 4'" #$ !" " #5

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Checklist Requirements gathering 1

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System implementation checklists 7/8

7#8 >

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Requirements analysis 1

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System implementation checklists -

4!D " 3 "44"# /"$& H 7"8 7/8

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Design (the training module and course outline) 1

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Build 1

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System implementation checklists >

" " !/ ) !$ " #" / /' #$ " $ 4 5 7"8

7/8

7#8

7&8

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7)8

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System implementation checklists . . . .

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Implementation 1

7"8 7/8 7#8 7&8 78

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System implementation checklists Maintenance 1

" 3 #$$ #"

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De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps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

228

System implementation checklists

8.5

Seven pillars of a service level agreement

Type: QA Checklist description .# .' 3! $ 7$8 ". #.& " ' ) " $ # $ ) &4"6 $# 3 !.! 5 ,!"'6% 6 ". / $& "$ " 3"" / " $6$! $ " & " $6$! 4.& "$ " "# ) ! (4#$ / "/' & " & & 4.& 3 " & $ 3 " $6$!5 $ ##;'$ & E$ " $'& / #.& $# " "3! 5 % .% " "3! $ ) $ " #" ($ / &4"! $ " & "' #$!$ "$ '' "$ / $4"" #!4" $ 4.& 3 " & $ 3 $)"5

Checklist User access . ."'"/'6 ' A 55 + "5!5 = 45!5B *2
System implementation checklists

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A C$ " & #!4'" $5 A (#4 $5 " / E$ / !"$&B

Con®guration . (4#& # E3" ) $6$! A "&"% 46$% ; #5 . " $ !4"# $44 ) (4#& # E3" #" 3$H A ! $$ A ! $.$ A #" 3 ) $44' ) ."$ $6$! #!4 $ A #"3$ ) "$$$ 3 !3" 7 #'& 3 '# # )$85 Role of . A A A A A .

help desk !! E$#"'' $4 $ 4&H ) 3 "' C6 ) '3 " & 4"$$& $44 ) $ $4 ) $)" 7$6$! $'' "."'"/'8 A 4$$/'6 /6 " $"# 64 ) $6$! "."'"/' 7 #'& 3 ' 3 ) ! /) /$ $$ $?$ ) $.# $ "."'"/'85 " $4 $ $ C& " " 4 B A (4#& "."3 ' 3 ) '4&$; #"'' A (4#& &"'6 .'! ) '4&$; #"''$ A 4D" ) #"''$ A &! $B A 4& ) L#"'' 4 : $#"'" (4 $ C& 74 64 ) #"''8 A ) " /3 E( $ C&% $ !$ / "."'"/'B A & " ##!$" #$ #" $6$! / $ & ) $$ "' E( A !";$ $ @&3! " & !$ 6 ''B A $ " "3& !#" $! ) " &' 3 L $" # #"''$: " " "''6 " " 3 $$B

Maintenance . " $ "3& L & ) 44 6: ) !" " # )H A "&"B A 46$ " & 4!D" 43"&B A /3E( '"$$ " & 43"&$B Monitoring . '' $.# '.'$ / ! & " & /6 !B . $% 4 "'6 " & !4"# ) ! 3 "# $.#'.' "3! $"! 5 "& " & / E $" 3 ) $ " !5 . /" # #' $4 ) &$4 $' 5 . . " & 3" 4 $ A " " #$ 4 $ ) '"( 3 $# 3 $! ) C! $B A " " $#"' / 3. 74'$ $! )"# 3 ) M" 8 ) &? 4 $B A $ "3! 7 #'& 3 '# #$8 #. #!4" 6 ) $ (4" $ 4'" $H . !3 "#C$ . #!4" 6 "! $"$ #" 3$ 7535 M" 8 230

System implementation checklists . . .

/$ $$ &.$! 755 $'' 3 ? " &.$ 8 $# 3 ) $.#$ $6$!$ 3 $ /"$% 535 '' &4"! $% &.$ $% $/$&"6 #!4" $5

De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps $ 4 4&# 3 " & $3 3 $# " "3! '$$ $ $! !"$ $.# '.'5 # 4"$ .'.& & "'$ #" )'' 3H . . . . . . .

!"''6 "3& !"$ 3 &.#$ "##$$ /6 / 4"$ !"$! $ #"4& L"!4 3: "$$3 ! ) &.&"'$ / 3" D" $ $ "$; $ # &# !"$! $ " & 4 " "3&% 3'" /"$$ " & ! "/'6 # &# L$4##;: !"$! $ 4 3 " & $#"'" 4#& ) # & $ " / 3 ! & E#" ) " &4 & 4"6 $'. " 6 # M#$ . 4" ) !"$! $ 4#$$ ) . 3 " & E 3 # & $ " 3'" /"$$ 7535 " "''685

"'$ ##;'$ >5> L #!!

/$ $$ 4/'!$ A $4 3 # $ " 6$:5

231

System implementation checklists

8.6 What to look at when capacity planning Type: Analysis Checklist description '" !4'! " 4#$$% C$ "$$ "$ !# 46$#"' $#$ "''#" " & 4#"$ $6$!5 F ) C$ $ "& " & $D ) &""/"$ / " !" 6 '! $ # $& 5 $ ##;'$ #" $6$!5

/ $& &! " $# C! $ '' / )

Checklist Database size . ) "# "/'% $!" "/' $D% 535 & !/ ) $ 77100 E'' )"#8=1008 . & $"! ) &($% !4"6 E'$% 4 E'$% 4 E'$ . & " 4@# $ E3$ /"$& 4# 3 4 " ! . $#"' $D 3 "##& 3 "#. 3 " & $;4 3 ) # $ . $!" $D ) /"#;4$ " & $#"' 4 "##& 3 /"#;4 " & . 4'#6 7535 $. &"6 #6#' 4'$ 4! #585 Server software size . $D ) $##& . $D ) (#"/' 7"."3 $D !!6 "$ '' "$ &$;8 . $ ) !"3 E'$5 Network traf®c . !# &"" "."3 M 3 / 7"8 $. $. " & 7/8 $. #' B . !# ."& 7535 !!68 &$ "# # # "/$/ "#.B . " " (4#& 4";$ " & 3$ $$$ $B . " " $4 ! D $ ) $"/'$ 3 # # $ 7535 '3 $ " 9"!% '3$ " -H>04!8B Client software size . $D ) $##& . $D ) (#"/' 7"."3 $D !!6 "$ '' "$ &$;8 . $ ) !"3 E'$5 Disaster recovery . !# &4'#" " & $4"# #"4"#6 $ C&B $'& $ / $&B

De®nitions/techniques 5 232

System implementation checklists

Next steps ""''6% 4 ) $ 4#$$ !"6 !" " ) "&" !"6 & / 4#"$&5 " &% ) 6 ". (#$$ #"4"#6% !"6 & / " $'!! 3 & ) 4#"$ 4'" $ .$3" "$ $4" #"4"#6 #" / ?& " $.#5 " $!!$ &#$ #"4"#6 !" "3! $ ' !"# "44'#" $33' $ # .'"& $ " " & #$'6 #" )5

233

System implementation checklists

8.7

How to do a data conversion

Type: To do Checklist description # . 3 &"" )! $6$! " % $ ) &N#' ; $"5 $ ##;'$ 3.$ $! &"$ "$ 64$ ) 4/'!$ '; ) " & $! ) 4 "' $' $5

Checklist 1

6'.' ##;$ 7"3 $6$!8H 7"8 " 3'.' " "'6$$ "3 $6$!H 78 & )6 ;6 $ $ # " L/$: ) " !/ ) $ & 3 $ A " 6 345 78 # 6 34$ " !" &"6 " & " " # & $ ) ($ # ) 4 "' 6 34$B 78 "# 34% & )6 # $ " !" &"6 " & # " 4 "'5 4 "' $% " " # & $ ) ($ #B 7/8 $ " "'6$$ #" / $& 3 " " L""#; 4'" : ) 6 "/$ # .5 7#8 " $! ) # & $ ) $ ($ !"6 / 4$ '& $6$! A $ &"" # . " & # $ $ #" / 3 & " "'6$$5 7&8 !'"'6% $! !" &"6 $ !"6 ". " 6 4$ " $# $6$! A $ '' / &"' /'5

*

# " & "3 &"" ! !"44 3 7$# "3 $6$!8H 7"8

$ 3 L""#; 4'" :% " "'6$ &"" !$ 4 "3 6 " & 4 "' $#5 $ '' )"'' ."$ #"3$ ) # .$ 5 78 ("# &"" !"# 71H18H . 64#"' #"$$ " &"$% E " #"'% &$#4 % ( . ';4 &"" #" / $& "$ " &# !"# $4#"''6 ) " #$$) # "/' $ $& # . '& ."' ."'5 78 "" C."' "3 71H08H . &#$ $ $'& / !"& "$ $ &"" $ / ;4 . ) $ C&% " $4#"' L$#: &"" "/' !"6 & / #"& / /" ) $$$ ) $ $ " & !" " # A #'& "$'6 /#! " 4" 5 78 " &"6 "3 &"" $# 70H18H . 4!"6 $' $ $ &)"' ."' 44'" $ E'&$ . ) &)"' ."'$ #" / $&% !"6 / " #"$ ) !"; 3 #& "$ #!4' # '' / #!4'& !" "''6 " &""#'" $ 3 (#$ . ) &"" ! $ &.& $! /'; #"'#'" !"6 / !4'6& $ !$$ 3 ."'5 " $ !4" % 4$$/'% $ "3 $6$!$ $" &"& #"'#'" $ " " . " $4#"' ) # .$ 44$$5 234

System implementation checklists 7.8

7.8

7.8

>

"" $4' 71H!8H . ''3 ."'$ " ) #" &&" !$ ) $4' 3 A % $"6% E$ E. '$ ) " #& !" &4"! " & '"$ E. !" & !/ . 4" 3 34$ $"! #& #'& "'$ / $4' $."' #&$ $6$!5 "" !3 7!H18H . 64#"''6 $ $ #"$ &4'#"$ ) $"! &"" ! " / !.& # $'&"&5 ("!4'% $ #" ## " & " & .# &"" /"$ " / 3 !3& $6$! A :$ 3 '"$ #$! "&&$$B . !"''6 !$ # " & !'6 )!" $ !$ '"/' . " "' ". $ '; " $# # "$ !$ '"/' ."'&" $ " & $ &"" )! " $# . & / #")' &"" $ !"#& $ $" $ #"$ " '$ $# $6$!:$ '3# A & 6 !"# .# " & &% " ) &'.6 "&&$$ $ "''& / &? #5B "" &$4$ 7!H 8H . !$ #"$$ $# " & "3 "/'$ '' / $!'" $# " & # !"44 3 )! "/' "/' '' / $!4'5 ! #!4'( #"$$ !"44 3 '' ". / &.& /"$& H . " '& "44 & & !"' )! '$ A 55 &"" ! $ # .& "##& 3 $ '" $4 4!"6 ;6% 535 " .# &$#4 E'& !"6 / # .& " ';4 #& . /$ $$ '$% 535 " E'& "3 $6$! &#"$ " ') "$$" # $ #'&& 4 $ A $ #'& / " $)!& " ' &"" $# $6$! . "44'#" 4#$$ 3 '$% 535 $# $6$! !"6 ". &? "/'$ ) #4" #$!$ " & # $! #$!$ A $6$! !"6 " #$!$ "$ " $ 3' 6 ) 4#$$ 3 44$$5

&& "' $$$H 7"8 $& .'! ) &"" / # .&5 78 !# " 6 "; 3 A & 6 & " !#B . #" 6 D "''6 4" &"" " & "; 4"$$ 7535 "'' #4" #$!$ E$ # $!$8B . $" " $!"'' $ ) ! &$4 " & "'' # .$ / $ C#; $##$$I)"' $' " & ' $; /$ $$5 7/8 $& $4#"' #"$$5 78 $# &""H . $'& $ / # .&B . $'& / " L/"'" # )"&: #&B . " "44 $ " $"# $ " " /"#;&"& 4 &" ) # .$ B . 6 "; "#. &"" '6B 78 "" 64 !$!"#$H . & &! ) $ $ " $"3)"& &""64 # .$ 235

System implementation checklists

7#8

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

De®nitions/techniques & !"' )! A $ ##;'$ -511 L & " &"" !&'' 3:5 !" 36 A !$ &"" !$ ". " &"" 64% 535 #""#% 3% M"% / "'$ ". " &!" % '4 !/% 4$#&5 &!" $ " $ ) 3 # '$ "/ " &"" ! '' /". / )!"&5

Next steps ,&# " &"" !"44 3 $6$!$ &$3 &#! 5 " "'!$ "'' $6$!$ # " &"" " $ ##% #!4' ) &"5 L6 &"": $ ) $' ) '& $6$!:$ 4#'"$ #'& 3 /3$ " & $ &)"'$5 !4" $ ) "; 44 6 E( $ &"" !4'! " ) " $6$!5 236

System implementation checklists $ $ "##4"/'% / $ "$6 .'"& " "'"&6 /$6 !4'! " $#&' (" /& ) #'" 3 &"" @$ # . 3 5 !!$ $ / $4"" (#$$ A #'" 3 4 '& $6$! /) $ # .& #'" 3 4 $6$! ") "$ / # .&5

237

System implementation checklists

8.8 Nine important documents to hand over from development to the support team Type: QA Checklist description F ) % " $6$! $ /' " & $"''& /6 " &.'4! "!% " & $44 "! ". L4#; 4 " & :5 $ "44"#% .% "$ " !/ ) &"/"#;$H . . . .

'&3 $$ "' L''/ 3: ) $6$! ) )"'$ / #!! #"& A 4 3 !4'! " % " & # /$ $$% " $;5 44 "! " &!."& 6 #" # E& '6 $4 & "#"' $$ ) $6$!5

$ $$ $$ /#! # E& $44 "!:$ "/'6 " &' $6$! " & $ #" ". " 3". ?# $6$!:$ $"35 .'4! $"? 3 .'.& $44 $$$ " & 3 L'#;& : $44 3 $6$!$ 6:& " / &.'4 3 ( 5

& $##$$)''6 " &. " $6$! )! &.'4! $44 "!% $ ##;'$ & E$ " !$ $'& "'$ / !"& "."'"/' " & " 6 #" / $& )5

Checklist Project Charter #" $'& #'& "$ &:\ ) 4@# # '' "$$$ $44 "! #3 D 3 ) &"! "' $44 $$$ A " $ ;6 $##$$ ) $ 4@# !4'! " B " ;6 ""$ !$ $44B Business Requirement Speci®cations '& " 6 C$ "$ 3"& 3 " 4"#'" ) # $ $ "$ $4#E&%

$ $$ C! 4#E#" $ !$ / # $'& &! $44 "! &.'4! !$ / .'.&5 '$% #" $"$#$ $# "$ (4#& .'!$ #5 '& / C& ! C& .$ "#"' 4)!" #5 System Speci®cation # $44 "! '' / !"; 3 43"! #" 3$ $ !4" " &$3 $4#E#" $ " "."'"/' $ " !4"# ) " 6 /3$ 4& #" / "#& " & 4 "' $' $ & E&5 Technical Speci®cation and Limitations $ C& " 4" 3 . ! / & E& #'& 3 !!6 " & &$;$4"# C! $% " $4& 4#$$ #5 $ " "444" "&" $)" #" / # E3&5 Operator Manual including Restart/Recovery " $ (4#& !$ ) /"#;4$% &"'6% ;'6% ! '6 #6#'$ #5B " $'& / & $ ##5 $'& $)" /3 E($ / '"$&B 238

System implementation checklists Organization chart including lists of legal users and roles and responsibilities $4 $% $ $$% $6$! L(4: " & $ $4 $/' ) " "$4# ) $6$! $'& / & E& " & "3& $ " "$ C$ "$ '." 4"$ #" / E& # $'&5 Training Plan for Support Staff $ " 6 " &.% $'& / " " &. " 3 (#$ " $) ; '&3 )! &.'4! $"? $44 $"?5 Implementation Plan '' "$4#$ ) !4'! " $'& / 4'" & A $"''" ) "&" " & $)"% # .$ ) ($ 3 &"" 44'" ) &""/"$ #5 Contingency or Disaster Recovery Plan 4 & 3 ##"' $6$! $ /$ $$ 7"$ &E & ,@# "8% !"6 & / # 3 #6 4'" $ $'& / E )5 $44 "! '' & ". " :"&6 3: 4'" ) $ ##!$" #$ . "$5

De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps $ !$ $'& / 4&#& /6 &.'4! !4'! " "!$ 4 " &. ) $6$! $44 "!5 "# ! $'& / ##;& " # " $ C& )!" 5 4"##% $ ) &N#' )$ &'.6 ) " $6$!5 .% $ $$$ 3 $; /$ $$ ) 6 & ". $N# )!" # !" " $6$! A ) '6 #. 6 /"#;5

239

System implementation checklists

8.9 Assessing the long-term viability of a system Type: Analysis Checklist description )'' 3 $ " ##;'$ ) ""$ / $& "$$$$ 3 ' 3! $44 ."/'6 ) " "44'#" 5 #" / $& ) / $ " & ( "' &.'4! $ 4"#;"3$ " & !"6 "'$ / "44'& # #"' 4 $5 $'& / & " "'' $6$!$ " (4#& ". " ' 3 L$')'): A $ $'& / &! & "$ 4" ) ,@# " " & $ $$ "44'& '3 ) " (4#" 5 $ '$ #'& / & " $# $ 3. " ."'' $# 3 " & 4$ & " $" #"5

Checklist Architecture design . $ $6$! "##"''6 $ &B $ E ' 3! "44'#" " & # #"' $"3$ $ " ;" & $43"4B . $ $6$! 4.& " 3 4" $ ) &"! "''6 '! 3 7 '$$ ;&8B . '' /#! ./& & C$$ ) #" 3 # #" / $44& /6 $ "' &$3 B . !" 6 $6$!$ &$ )"# B $ $6$! $44 3 $."' $6$!$B $ $6$! $44& /6 $."' $6$!$B $ $6$!$ "' ( "' #!4" 6B . $ '.' ) #" 3 $ $6$!$ " 3" D" :$ # ' # ''& /6 $& )#$B . #!4'( $ "## # $6$! $ $44 3B $ &4'6 !/&&& " ; ) $6$!$B $ 4" ) " #" ) $6$!$I/$ $$ 4#$$$B $ $" &"' B . !# ; '&3 ) $ $6$!$ '' / C& $44 $ $6$!B

Build quality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

System implementation checklists Business/technical change . $ $6$! "'' ) 3 " & /$ $$ #" 3 /6 $ ) 4""!$ $ .6 3 L"& #&&:B . $ $. $ $6$! #" 3$ /$ $$ 4"##$% 3" D" "' $#% #!!#"' . ! 7535 /"$ " #" 3$8% '3"'I$"6 C! $B #" 3$ $ ""$ !'6 4""! #" 3$ ! ) &"! "' #& 3 #" 3$B . !# #" 3 $ (4#&% 4'" & " & &$3 & ) !$ ) $D 7&""/"$ " & $"38% 34 7 !/ ) C$ " & " $"# $8% $"3 7 !/ ) $$8B " $ !"(!! "''& /6 $6$!B " $ $") !$#!)"/' '!B " '!$ ". / $&B . #'$ $") #!)"/' '! $ $6$! 3 3 7)! &"6 18B . " $6$! ;4 $4 43"&$ # #"' 4'")!$ A "&"% 4" 3 $6$!% &""/"$% #!4'% '" 3"3 $" &"&$B Support mechanisms (error and recovery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nternal knowledge . $ $6$! C L(4: ; '&3 & &"3 $ )"'$ ) 6 ##B . "$6 $ " $) ; '&3 ) $6$! / $44 $"?B "$ / & B ' 3 &$ "; /#! " #!4 $44 4$ B . " $;''$ " & ; '&3 '& " 4 "' $44 4$ & ". "'"&6 /) / 3 " & $6$! 7" & " &38B $ $;''$ "&'6 "."'"/' !";4'"#B $ 4' ) '." $;''$ &#' 3 #"$ 3B 241

System implementation checklists . . .

.

.

!" 6 $"? ". C& $;''$I; '&3B !" 6 $"? ". (4 # $6$! )! " $44 4 ) .B $ $6$! # " $ '4B "$ $6$! / "&C"'6 &#! & 755 C! &#! % &"" " & 4#$$ &$3 &#! $% 4":$ 3& #'& 3 . ! /'& $4#E#" $ " & #.6 $6$! 3&% $ 3&8B &#! $ #!4'% 4 &"% "##"B ". &#! $ / $& /6 "$ A $4#"''6 . ! /'& $4#E#" $% 4 ":$ $ 3& " & #.6 $6$! $ 3&B $ $! )"'&"3 $$ &#! % #"$% &"3"!$ " & '$$B "'' !$$"3$ &$#/& !$ ) #"$I?# " & $' B $ $ &#! 4/'$& " & "."'"/' $44 $"?B $ " !& "&& )"'&"3 $$ &#! $ " ; '&3 ) $ " & #.$ $ !4.& " & $"&B

Support organization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

De®nitions/techniques

A 4 !4'% 4& A 3'& ' ) "'' $6$!$ &$3 $5

Next steps :$ "'"6$ 3& L'; /) 6 '"4: /3 4"#;"3$5

"; 3

$6$!$ !3

) " C$ !";$ "/ ' 3! $44 ) " $6$!% !"6 / " $6$! $ .$! $ E & " $6$! " $ $; 3" #$ ) $6$! & "&$5 ."/'6% .% "'' $6$!$ ". " '!& ')$4" A $ ##;'$ +510 L) !4'! " A '. 3 $6$!:5 242

System implementation checklists

8.10

After implementation ± living with the system

Type: Analysis Checklist description " "'' 4" .'.& &.'4 3 " & !4'! 3 " $6$!% $ !4" @$ $ /"#; " & / $"$E& L # :$ :5 .% :$ !4" "; ' 3! . ) " $6$!5 6B #"$ $6$!$ 3 '&5 $ /$ $$ 3$ " & &.'4$% " $"# $6$! $33'$ ;4 45 . !% $6$!% &$3 & $! ! "3% '' /#! '$$ " & '$$ "44'#"/' /$ $$ "$ $ 5

Checklist Recognize its lifespan . " A "'% $"/'5 . .'4! A (4" & 3 "4&'6 / 65 . "6 A 3 $!'6% $"/'5 . #' A $33' 3 !" " 4"#5 . " A ! 5 Recognize what affects its lifespan . " 3$ # '36 7"?#$ $"N 385 . " 3$ . & $"$5 . " 3$ /$ $$ . ! I$"365 . .' ) 4.$ !" " #I .$! 5 How do you spot an out-of-date system? . " 6 ;" &$ " & !" "' 4#&$ $6$! $5 . $ 3 $6$! $ . #!4"& /$ $$ 4#$$5 . "3 !" " # /'' '' !4.! 5 . "! $6$! #" / /3 "$ " 4"#;"3 ! )"$5 . "&"I$)" 4'")! " $6$! &4 &$ $ ' 3 $44& &'6 $5 . "&"I$)" 4'")! " $6$! &4 &$ "$ 43"& 4"5 . N#' # $"? " ; " "&"I$)" 4'")!5

De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps "'$ ##;'$ +59 L$$$$ 3 ' 3! ."/'6 ) " $6$!:5

243

System implementation checklists

8.11

Questions to ask at the post-implementation review

Type: To do Checklist description $ $ " $!4' ##;'$ && "$$$ " 4$!4'! " .5 #) "! ) # $ "44 /'"! 3"/ #&5 #) "! $ '4 ( 4@#5

Checklist 1

" 3 "' 3"'$ " & #'$ && 3 "#. 3 !B

*

&& )"' " & " "$ "$ ) )"'B

>

#'& ".& " )"' )B

2

& $ " 6 3& 4/'!$'. 3 # C$B & $ " 6 4&#. $B

-

3& "$ &.'4! # CB " #'& ". / & / " & B " #'& / &$4 $& $ # && : "&& " 6 ."'B

=

! " & /&3 B " .$ ) # 4 $!"$ $& 3 " $!"$ ) $ 4@#B

De®nitions/techniques 5

Next steps # !" "! ) $ (#$ $ )& /"#; ( 4@#% &$ / " 4@#(4 # /; ##;'$ " $'& / $& #& #! ) $ .5 $ /; ##;'$ $ " # "' $# "&&& /6 "# " & .6 4@#5 $ 4@#(4 # /; $'& / E$ &#! " "'' 4@# !" "3$ $ " $" ) " 4@# A $ ##;'$ 15* L. ;6 ""$ &$" & $" 3 " 4@#:5

244

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