The Metaphysics of Meaning - Index

Index

Alston, W., 40 Ambiguity, situational, 329n 73 Analysis, 101- 107 depth of , 105 Aristotle, 237, 238 Assertion, 94- 96 Augustine, 23, 87 Austin, J., 40, 41

BakerandHacker , 331 , Ro, 341n21 Bambrough Barwise , J., 342n23 Bealer , G., 343n42 " Theories ~" 8 Begriffsschrift , G., 250 Berkeley Bloomfield , L., 252, 253 Bloomfieldian , 188, 190 linguistics Bloomfieldian revolution,252 , S., 276, 277, 278, 279, 280 Bromberger Brouwer , L. E. J., 270 Burge,T., 19, 91, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231 Canfield,J. V., 31, 32 , R., 10, 11, 14, 32, 56, 67, 158, Carnap 176, 177, 210, 307, 308, 316 , N., vii, ix, x, 16, 17, 18, SO , Chomsky 51, 52, 56, 59, 64, 97, 122, 123, 168, 169, 183, 190, 252, 253, 260, 261, 270, 275, 276, 318, 347n39 , 252-254 conceptualism , 261 necessity argumentagainst asrationalist , 318-319 and " top-down" approach , 50-52 an revolution, 190-191,252 Chomsky Church, A., 206 , 281-282 Cognitivism , 83 Compositionality

Concepts " broad," 121 " narrow " 121 , vs. conceptions, 243- 244 Conceptualism, 250- 251 Danto, A., 236 Davidson, D., x, 19, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209 and Mates's problem, 205- 207 Definition and essential/inessentialproperties, 114- 115 lexical, 244 substitution criteria, 189 theoretical, 189- 192, 242, 244 Democriteantradition in linguistics and logic, 54- 56 Descartes ,6 Dewey, J., 10 Donnellan, K., 128, 143, 216, 217 ' Drury, M. Q C., 333n 1 Dummett, M., 270, 271 on theoriesof meaning, 84- 86 Ellipsis, 52- 66, 79 directionality, 75- 80 and theoreticalinferencein semantics, 52- 66 and underlying syntacticstructure, 52- 66 Empiricism, and rationalism, 319 Epistemology, naturalized, 298- 307 Erdmann, 8" 253, 254 Ethics, 281- 290 autonomy of , 283, 349n 59 Evans, G., 213, 214, 215 Exactness , 115- 121

354

Index

, 110- 113 Family resemblance , Po, 308 Feyerabend -

Field, H" 250 Fit, 152-153 Fodor, J" 17 Folksemantics , 29-30 -relativity, 308-311 Framework andanalytic/synthetic(language / theory) distinction, 310-311 , Go, i, vii, I , 2, 3, 6, 12, 22, 23, Frege 24, 27, 37, 41, 48, 55, 66, 71, 86, 87, 89, 102, 109, 115, 116, 124, 125, 143, 144, 156, 160, 176, 178, 205, 206, 207, 219, 235, 238, 239, 240, 254, 286, 293 intensionalism of, 325n10 " Game ," 109-113 Goedel , xi, 198 Goldfarb , W., 164, 165, 168 Goodman , N" x, 10, 250, 280, 300, 304, 305, 306, 318 on induction, 304-307 Grice, H. P., 40, 44, 45, 147 Hardy, G. H., 159 Heyting, A., 270 Hobbes , T., 250 Hornstein , N., 348n48 HumeD ., 10, 198, 280, 291 Husserl , E., 6, 10, 254, 294 Ideal logical language, relation to natural language, 55- 56 Idealization in linguistics, 122- 126 in science, 264- 265 Intuition , 159- 161 ethical, 284- 290 vs. introspection, 160- 161 Intuitionism , 270- 272 ultra-intuitionism , 270- 271 Jackson, F., 349n59 Johnston, M., 337n 10

Kant, 1, 70, 155, 177, 284, 291, 292, 295, 315, 320 Kripke, S., vii, 70, 125, 128, 143, 163, 164, 165, 167, 171, 172, 173, 175, 301, 302, 317

inversion of the conditional, 301- 303 on rule following , 163- 174 ' Kripke s dilemma, vii - ix, 317- 320 Kuhn, T., 308 Language creativity - of, 98

of, 99- 100, expressive completeness 330n79 vs. notationalcompleteness of, 4750 typenotionof, 46, 50 Ys. speech , 97- 98 Leibniz, G. W., 1 Lipps, T., 253, 254 Lewis, C. I., 217 Lewis, D., 211, 212, 213 , 125-126, 254 LinguisticRealism Linguistics foundationsof, 268 limitsof, 319 Mates, B., 205 McDowell, J., 213, 214, 215 McGinn, C., 125, 159, 160, 161, 164, 165, 168 Meaning (seealsoSense) common-sensenotion of, 30 postulates(semanticalrules), 190 and use, 36- 44 , 329- 330n 73 Meaninglessness , 42, 269 Megasentences Meinong, A., 238 Mill , J. S., 12, 176, 177, 238 Moore, G. E., 6, 37, 102, 107, 115, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 244, 260, 267, 285, 293 criticisms of , 241- 242, 344- 345n 11 , 43 Multiply self-embeddedsentences Nagel, E., 10 Nagel, T., 288 Nativism, and empiricism, 318- 319 Naturalism, ix, 235- 239, 280- 281 and empiricism, 319 epistemologicalproblem for, 255- 256 ethical, 281- 290 and justification, 300 and necessarytruth , 155- 157 philosophical, 236- 239 Quinean and Aristotelian, 237- 239

Index scientific, 237- 239 Strawsonon, 344n 1 type-token argument against, 216 Naturalistic fallacy, 239- 281 new notion defined, 245 Nominalism, 250 Non-naturalism, 291- 320 Normativity, linguistic, 122- 125 Occam, 250 Ontological commitment, 345- 346n 18 Peirce, C. S., 39, 45, 141, 276, 304 Perry, J., 342n 23 Philosophicalprogress, vs. scientific progress, 314- 317 Platonism, extensionalistvs. intensionalist, 172- 174 " Plus " 172- 173 , Port RoyalGrammar, 53 Possible-worlds semantics, 210- 216 Postal, P., 17 Pragmatics, 90- 93 Prichard, H. A., 284 Problemof delimitation, 248- 249, 257260 Problemof open-endedness, 247- 249, 257- 260 Proto-theory, 66, 67, 71- 72, 81- 82, 87, 96, 102- 103, 129- 130 and analysis, 104- 107 autonomy of , 81- 82 and limits of language, 57- 58 and meaningfulness, 116- 117 on names, 121- 122 and scepticism, 166- 174 and senselessness , 117 simplicity and complexity in , 102 Putnam, H., x, 10, 19, 143, 144, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 241, 243, 244, 255, 296, 309, 310, 343n36 mathematicalrealism, 255--256

Quine, W. V., x, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 56, 67, 70, 155,172,176,177,179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 207, 209, 216, 219, 223, 232,

355

237, 238, 245, 248, 249, 252, 261, 271, 285, 295, 296, 299, 300, 301, 303, 305, 306, 308, 309, 310, 315, 316, 318, 340n39, 337n11, 338n 17 , 159 Ramanujan , F. P., viii, 122 Ramsey Realism , 250-251 Reference , literal/nonliteral, 145-146, 334n7 Reichenbach , H., 304 (RLR), 146 (RLS), 145 Ross , D., 285 Russell , B., vii, 2, 6, 22, 24, 27, 33, 55, 66, 102, 176, 238, 294 Salmon, W., 304 , G., 10 Santayana Schlick, M., 10, 294, 295, 316 Searle, J., 40, 41, 212, 213, 349n 59 and decompositionalrepresentation, 212- 213 Semanticdescription, 60 vs. semanticexplanation, 60- 61 Semanticessentialism, 135- 137, 150 and proto-theory, 141 realist version of, 142- 143 and " top-down" approach, 142- 143 Semanticfacts, 28- 31, 39 Semanticrepresentation, 61 Fregeanview, 61- 65, 329n68 proto-theory, 118- 119 Semanticrestrictions, 120 Semanticrules, 157- 158 Semanticstructure, and syntactic structure, 60- 61 Semantics decompositionaltheory of, 64- 66 and logic, 71- 73 linguistic/extralinguistic distinction for, 44- 46 theoreticalinferencein , 56- 66 theoreticaldefinition in , 191- 192 Sense(seealsoMeaning) common-sensenotion of, 30 and indexicality, 91 literal/non-literal, 145, 334n7 properties and relations, 62 analyticity, 192

356

Index

Sense(cont.) antonymy, 65 expressionalvs. nonexpressional, 61- 62 superordination and subordination, 65, 118- 119 synonymy, 65 synonymy vs. informational equivalence, 95- 96 and reference, 33, 89- 93, 325n 10 mediation vs. determination, 90- 93 weak principle, 33 and use, 36- 44 pragmaticprinciples, 90- 93 Sentences , kinds of , 96- 100 Sigwart, C., 253, 254 Situation semantics, 342n 23 Socrates, 6, 135, 136, 314 Strawson, P. F., 40, 41, 304 Stroud. B.. 125. 156. 303. 351n 23 Substitution criteria, 187- 190 Synthetica priori knowledge, 312- 317 Tarski, A., 48 Theories, philosophical/metaobject , 245- 247 " " , 52- 53, 58 Theory " " down , 82, 86, Top approach, 39, SO 88- 90, 110- 111 vs. " bottom-up" approach, 39 pragmaticcorrelation, ISO Translation actual (radical), 180- 184 and bilingualism, 195- 196 of , 184- 202 indeterminacy " " pressingfrom below, 340n39 Quinean (radical), 180- 184 and Quinean physicalism, 338n 17 and semanticevidence, 194 Type/token distinction, 39, 276- 280 Use, 36- 44, 47, 142- 143 and connotation, 40- 41 Humpty -Dumptyan, 146- 147, 154 literal, 144- 145, 148- 149 and mention, 46 non-literal, 147, 154 , situational, 329n73 Vagueness " Veil of " ignorance argument, 262

Whitehead, A. N., 2 Williams.. B... 285- 290

, to, vii, viii , I , 2, 3, 4, 6, Wittgenstein 7, 8, 9, 10, II , 12, 13, 14, IS, 24, 26, 27, 31, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 48, 49, SO , 52, 57, 62, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 74, 76, 81, 82, 83, 86, 87, 93, 94, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 107, 108, 109, 110, Ill , 112, 113, 114, lIS , 116, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 130, 131, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 149, ISO , 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 158, 159, 160, 163, 164, 165, 169, 172, 175, 176, 198, 232, 238, 239, 271, 285, 295, 2%, 299, 308, 309, 315, 316 Woodbridge, F. J., 10 Wundt, W., 253, 254 Yessenin-Volpin, A. S., 270, 271