The ideology of the book of Chronicles and its place in biblical thought

. To be .. nc, "God of [;,-..:1" i> fo und in the Ucu,crollolll;"'ic byer of King' - bu. il i> abo [ou tld in o,hcr boob. " and ,here i. no con,incing rc.>on to ,uPI>O>< ,hat our GO'" i. one of literal)' ,icpcmkncc. In f""t. 'he """ of !hi> cpith"'_ ~'hich hind, VII"'" to ,he people ...-ho ~-or­ .hip Him. >cem, [" ghc Hi. "natural name." no different trom 'he c p i,hel> for o,hcr ddtico mentioned in Chronicb. "Kh a. ·,he god, of the people. of 'he I.nd" (I Chr 5:25). "'he go"m" (~Chr 28:2~). "the god, of the ",,,ion. of the bnd . " (1 Chr ~1: 1:1 ). and", on. " I, ,hadon: .«n" likd)' that al'hongh the epi,het originall)" ,uitcd particular eont"".., and ,... a' more frc< p,en,l)" u>cd ill cerui" litem,)' It,,!> of ,he Hible. it> mc,ning and 'pplic>1ion ~'ere l~" lin ked .pedfic b)' 'he time of Chronick> or ,,' i,hin 'he lx~) k i'>clf. 11,,, epi,het i. , ignifican' in ,ha' i, «" ifie, '0 a direct lxmd be,,... ee,, nnm an d Hi. peop le, Hpirtue of fli. ,-,:')' e.,.,llCe, YEtI'"" i. 'he God of 1,,,,,,1 . Thi, ,-ie ..' of a God in reia,ion '0 human bch' g> i,. k,,),elemen' ill o.mnick>' concep ' of God,"

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epi,he' "Adona( 'l<'"'' apl.',. ... ill Chronkl<>, Thi> fac' h" ,nr>01; , gre .. in'ore" in 'he hi.· 'orical dc..·dop,n in til< Chronklcr', >omce. in Samud- Ki"g>, On '~'o o< ;, omittcd <,,'irel)' in Chronicl<> (I King' :l:IO. 15). In til< f for ".-\don.)'." In hi, I"a~'{l, 22.28. and 29'· In 'he p>r.llci te" in I Chronicl<> 17. ,hi. fonnu b i. changed. dth« by omitting "A'~>na~" or br u,ing o,hcr n.m,:.. ,uch .. "Ytf""It ~ I ohi"," or"Elohim: Th",: I Chr 17:16. 17 - "LoRn God": no, 19. :N. 26. 27: "LoRn', .lId I', 17: "God," n,e exampic o,hor ,hon 2 Samuel 7 i, I King. n:6: "for IN Lord ( 'l1~ ) "ill gi,'C i, imo til< hand of the king." 2 Chr 18:5 reatl>: "for ("«Xi (C'11'nc ) "ill gil'C i, in'o 'he hand of 'he king.' 'n,e abl-C1Ke of ,t.< lIame ".-\oona( in Chroni,lc> hal been npl. ined in. I'arktr of ".,~' •. ,-\C of 'he Chronicler. ".ho "'0\,1d ,here-fore haye eo,u\dered ,t.< ph .--..c "Adona), I'It""'" redundant .n,1 "ould h ..-.: omitted "At\<111'),-· " lIaudi"in and. (ollo,,-;ng him. ~ichrod, ex· phi tied 'he omi»ion in a complctel)' diffen:n, ... a)'. The)' bclined that the te'rn~.n"'»«'" l>«an>c ·.-\,~",a( aha ChrOl,icb h.d t.<en "ritte". but . Kcording to 'hem. 'he name ",\,Ion.( "'" ()riginall~' cOl,fi'>cd '0 pn)'Cr and dinx' inmcation> of God, An)' ca><. "'here ",\don.( i. med bc)'on d ,he'" p"rpo><' arc the rClult of > later rc,,'01 king. tr.o.cc> o( "'hich arc (ound 'hro"~I\Out 'he Ilibk. 'p,rt from 'he Pc"t>'ClKh and 'he buo~ of Chronicle>. The I"''',,'euch remained untou,hed bee. " ", i, ~~ al· rcod)' ".crt».nct. Chronicle> bee."", i, wa; no' )'e' ill 'he canon.'" Thi • • nal)·.i, al ... in\'Ohe> 'he que"~>n of 'he Sep'uagint '. tra ... I"ion of the tctrn~.mn»«'" '" "K)T~».' I" 'he op",ion of !laud".i" and ~ichrod" "K)'r;"'· " .. 'he Ii'eral trambtion of the ,etr'grnmmatOl' in i" original n>calling and ,hu, p receded it> replacemen' h)' "..\don.~': l1>c)' """ no

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ho, " YHWli fk>hom .' >"on. "'. ""'h ,..oj 'YH" " ["""m.' 0.. .,......-.-lo>n!!,", "'" ... ..... PI'. """'. LXX ~..- both m,.. h'" "Adon.. )· \' '' ~'''." A,...n. "'" """", . p. ". n. ~, . ". Stt J""'" ,~ PI'- 165_'''''" .•''''''',,,n, Of. ,;, __ pp. 01 , 114_00, .-"h,od" 1~ . (t, p. '-'
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conneaion bet"ccn "K)",;"," .nd the I~tc,- "Ado,,")"o" 11lU' ,,'e>« th .. thi, que,'ion i, no' co" flllu nccd, If "'e co",ide,- the ",h>ti tu,ion in ~ Ch.- IS:~ (I King. :!2 : ~). " ,,,ðcr ,,;, h 'he e"mp le. from I Ch,- 17 V S.m 7).J.ooo·, ,ie,,' th ... in ordcr '0 ' l'Oid redun.ng ·. "Adon.)"" "'" o mitted (Ie»'ing y",,,,, on it> own) i. uIKom'i"cillg, In the c. ", of 2 Chr IS:5, ,here ,,--., 0,,1)' one epithet '0 h.:gin ~' i'h .• nd in I Ch,- 17:16. 17. " tother double form "'ould ,hen be produced: "YIl WII f] ohim : Nor ;' - , h .. "Adon.)"" " .... introd uced at. I.,e "'ge., . replacemen' for 'he tetragr-a.mn»ton - ex' ph in ' he ,ub>1itu,ion in ~ Chr 1~ :5, Tod.),. we h,,'e the be,,n to the S.i"". 'he n. 1l 1< ",\ ""'Il or a; part of ".\don.)' Y)lW(( ," i> foun d fortp ix ,ime., In ''''Clll)~n i ne c»C.>, thc Qu n~ "' '' ,'croioll i, iden,icol ' 0 ~IT, There arc "" 'en l«" c»c. of d ifference, h.:'",«n IQha' and ,\ IT - .u b"i, ,, ,io,,, , om i"io",. and correctiOn> ahon the line ",«)mr.nied b)' dot> ",'er 'he original.'" i,>dka'ing the ocribe,' doubt, .. ,,, the correc'nc» of thc 'e",, " The e,-idenee fro m IQba' prm= condu,i\'clj" ,h .. i, "'" "Ado".( - and "YIIWII " - 'h at <".. me '0 he replaced : , ,,h,,i,,,tc epithet> incl"de ".-\dona)" [Ioh i"," - "'hieh ,l<'-cr occur:> in MT - .nd ' YIIW(( f]"hin, " - ~'hich i, no< (ollnd it, the .\IT of b . i.h, The>c cpi'het. ,,,u>! be second,,}' fom» ' hat were ""cd '0 replace thc p ri ,m.,}' "Adon.)':

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'n" ,,_ the we of the cpithct "Ad,,,,,)," in ,.,.,.im" b iblic:ol pa-">ge, cannot be explaincd 1»' Ih"di"i,,', . nd Eichrodt'. thco'1' o( a later r«lactional >lage, On the lcr «Iito<>... rcprc",nt«l d e.rI)" in Dlronick> and the h ... iah Scroll. ~-i,hed to expunge the epithct and rphemou., 11,e decidillg fac'Oor not thc (Iuc.tion of r«lundanc)' in thc form ".-\oon.)' YIlWII ": rat l"'r. it "'," the "C')' "''''' of ",,\oon.)': thought to be compkl<~' «I"""lent in pronunda'ioH to 'hc tetrag""""",ton,

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D. TIu>I_mm of llo>l, 'nrc epithet mx~~ ("of ho.,,") i. fo",nd in ",,-crnl (ombina,io", .ix time, in thc Chronicler', .ource. in the IIook of SamueL It> threc inst.ncc •. the p:""ge. arc tr,,,,ferred. "crbatim or ""ith minor changco. to Dlronick>: I 0" 11:9 : "thc I-')RI) of 100.,," (2 S,m 5: 10: "the LDRI). thc God of ho,""): I Chr 17:7: "thc LOlli> of h","" ( _ 2 Sam 7:~): I Chr 17:2-1 : "'he LOI'" of h,,... , thc God of I>mel. i, i>roc!'. God" (2 Sam 7:%: "the LORIJ of ho", i, Go d 01' omilled:

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I. I Orr 1~,6: ", __ bring up from there the ark of God. ",'h ich ;, called b)' 'he name of thc /.O«I! "ho .il> enthron«l aho,'e the cherubim," 2 Som 6:2:"", to bring up Ii-om thcrc the ark of God , ,,-hkh i. called b)' 'he name of the I,OJUJ ojhoJl> "ho .it> enthro trcd on 'he cherubim,"" 2, I Chr 16:2:"", he blc .. ed thc people in the ,m " ", of the /.O«I!," 2 S.", 6: IS: ", ,hc blc.",d thc people in the name of the [ _h ilI! of ""'b," ~_

I Orr 17:2~ : "h.r tholl ...Y <.oJ. halt rcycalcd to th), "'''''Ht, " 2 S,m 7:27: "h.r thou. 0 V"w<jk",l.t. the God of l.meL h.,t made th i> r"'en",nt, "

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W ith in the boo" i",elf, matori.1 rolal regarding Chro llicle>, ~ne"hc1<». this "" terial Ill.)' be ,-i<>o'ed in conjun«ion ".. i,h fn"her n"k nee f",m p>ralkl bib lk,,1 tn", 11,e epi'h1 ~'''rd fo.r lI'Ord in 2 King> 19- 20. b ut ,here n1X~~ i, deleted," In the J ~,i.h Scroll. hOll' ""0'- ,here i, no ch.n g< .• nd ~-e find n1X~~ 11 in all but one of ilS n"'n)' occurrencc., ,. 11>< fxt tha, 'ho .. nl< pheno",enon can he 'J'3o(ed in '~'o unrelated 'exl> - in parallel ' '''''' in Chronicle> and in a different pa>,age p>r"llckd in Isaiah and King' - .uggc." ,h .. i, i, no' the prutrib"'''>n of 'Il< epi,het in Scrip lUrc nl3)' clarif)' 'he pr<)I'ena'KC of ,hi. ''''nd _ a> "'ell., 'he re. >on> for iL nlK:l~ ;, " ",d "idel)' in p rophe'ic li'e,-," lrC. particularl)' in hai.h. Jeremiah. a nd 'he SccOl,d Co. m""-'II~-cahh prophe ... Ibgg.L ~--«h>ri>h , and ~blachi. b," i. 1= com mon in Uo>ea. Amo,. Micah_ Nah"m. a lld Zephaniah, 11,,, epit he ' OCCIlr> o<"" .. ion.II)' ill Sam uel -Kin g> alld haln" and doCl 'j( ~ 'ppe" a' all in b.e kiel or 'Il< Pen lato" c1o , T hi, d i."ihu, ion is n,j(ioubl«:llr , ignifican'. and 'he ",'oid anee of 'he epi' )'e' a p a"icu lar Pllll~l"'_ 1llc niden« from IQI> .. indica«. that ,hi, ",end had alread)' al»' cd or d i>apP"'"red ""'irel)' b)' 'he ,ime the Scroll " .. ,.-riu
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'" ,,,,k'e,m ;n",, (C'7I'M) .nd determi"at" (cm Kll) - "God" ,",1 "the God," What i. on,," no'c~-orth)" i, the u>c of 'he doterm ;" "c (om, ,, nOOlm m _ in C' .• uch » C";l'K~ n':l (I/u h ome of God)." 1m< D'7I,1\,1 (Ih . . rl or God)." , Il d .0 o n.'" Onl)' I-e,,- 0<("• • ;011. 11)' doC! "God" in the ;"dc' e,,,,;,,>!c form ' PPC"' a. nO",fn """'.", , " Thi. phcn(~ncnon 1= nothing to do ",jth. prcfcrcnu for "the God" ,wer "God" - it i, ' he re,,,i, of 'he 'ped.1 fo''''>lion of the com lruct in fkb,c ..'. in ",hklo determill ing t he nO",fn ""U,,, dcten";",,, the ph ra>c.,. whole ( Wo1'K.' n':l _ Ilu 00,,><0 of God)," and of (he fact ' hat i",kterminate com' m ct ph ,.;c, (md 10 emph ..;,,, 'he . dject;'"l functio n of the nO",fn ,,.-1,,", .'" In order to "n(kr>tand 'he mc.ning and u'"gc of "'ex '''-0 form> . ~'C Ill">! """mine them .. the)' ' 1'f'C",tr in (he ab,,,]u,c >!ate and not in ,10 0 (omt ru! "cor in m ind a.pccts o f the proce» of t"An.mi"i,,": the geneml ph<no mcna of ma nuscr ipt , .."ia"" or d iffer· ence. bcl~'''''n MT and the a ncknt ,'e"ion> and II", more p>.rlicular Col'" of nla.owk inlerference ~'i lh the lran>mi..,ion of the n.nle "God." al ica" in .ome p"""'gco where "God" o rigina lly lOO ~ the defin ile arlkic b UI 10. , it> (klami "" ion ""hen Ihe n"",rele> ,-ocoiiw l Ihe pn:po,ilion in Ihe indClerminalC ,'"

t""'

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U,..

" ' ...... k ( ~ ,.... ''''~"., ,, of ( . ..."". - n-". ...... (..- Goo,- ", .... ",n-..' of C~ . I · _ I a" 6,'~ 111<1> .. "~ 'r ., 14: 11:.: 2' :9, j'-7, '>: ><>1.; "h,,'nom<",. fo< , .... ""'If' of G... • _ 1ch ,

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", ....

.....-dl .... "', of I.,:n . -"" ' C~ .. - _ I ch, ""': W,>2 : . , .... "'n' of ""''';''11 of C~ .. - _ , c.Iu- 1, ,, ", .... o'f
, ch , "" la.

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,'- -SP";' ,..- (.",. - t (;1" ", I : "k..- (..- C• • 1· _ , c.h , "':29; • ' " ""'" "' C...• _ I c 1~ to,,. (Ilro .. I " ,,); ""ord of c" .. - _ , C.h, "": ""''''''' ( ~ ",... - _

, ch , ~ " . : """"".." ,..-._. _ " Chd·.I,,,. 'J'h.<.<- "00 '0 b< ," ~. f>h~. &< "" n",m." «< ...._ .. ". (In,":"'. '" ". Pf'. " I .,..., 11. ". 'lo,n;",. '""". H . Pf' ... , _,n •.

g.J, 1;',k. 9 ( 19",,"). ItlfI'. On , .... <po'''<' -Y" WH

". " .... "';", •.• h "'" P"I" ~,""", -dO." "': l o." and "'0· \-0. " • .• ) "1'1"'" 'h""'gho'" ,r., B,,,,,": o ,.... ;nddn C... • Ill
'_'0

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" C,~! "

in the ab .()!ute "ate apl''''''' fort~,~,,'O tin"" in Ch ronicle. (inelud ing thirteen e,",,,,pico ~'ith the p repo,ition. "in" (-~) or "to" (-~), " "Go d " i •• "ed '" a proper n.",e in t"'ct"rcd interchangeabl)". nell ,,;th in a contilmom tnt. T hill ~'e /illd in I Chmnicico 13. for example: "before Ihe Cod" ("_ 8): "before Cod" (,._ 10): and "of the God" (" , 12), 11\< entire pa»age i. paralleled in 2 Samuel 6. but in cach c»c. the form of "Goo" ill I Ch ronicle.> 1~ replace. ("'ith no partkular eon>i>tellC)'). a different form or ,Ii,'ine name in the '0'"'« in 2 S' n~ ud." Simil",I)". the Iwo form. arc interehan!«d ~-ithill unpamUeled tut> . • uch.., 2 Chr 26:5: "li e ocl hiul>d flO ,cd Cod in the d.p of Zech.riah_ who in"",,.imatd)' the .,mc ll umber of tin>c. and arc used intcrd "n geab~" What i, "ote"'Ofth~' ;, the relati,'dr c"en> i,-c u>c of C";l'~~ - "t he Cod" - " , p'"",' no ..... which i. ch.r>lk of all late biblicallitcmture."' II a.r ,,~: " e l" ",>0)_ Th~ " " .."""." =m. 00

, ..... ,., ,.... 1""

"'_ 0'71'''' _

or ,.... M,,.,,,,,,,_

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1 c.h, 14 : to, I.: 2 eh, "':" "",n _ .nd one< . ...... :moo; ("ot ..... !'''''"I _ ' e h, at:~) _ leI" !do; I",,: t ct., 1:& "": to:,,: >5:14 _ '""" t~"<. ~

:-0""1- t em- ,":2>: ,,''''_

""_ I ct., ,I: 10: ' :>0, '''' 1, : II>; ,, : 10, H ; 17: I '; n:.'I>; W :,; 29: I, 2 ct., 1:7, " , 11, d: 10: I"'d, ",., I",,,, to: 1>: >5:,. 10, We' : _12:29; t2: "": .,_ ,,_ I c.h, 16:2>: 1' :>0, ", ' ,'; " c.." ., H; 7, I", "'" I.' ,., . : to", 2>: H; "':"; "':"'_ In r"", < ~"" j ', u..d In ,I>< plu'" at: , Iw- ,un""d 1'1" .... ""' ..... ~_" i" c.." ,,19, '"" '"'''' " '''1_ 'h"" ,;"'" CO""n rrom p"""J ,""" In ~l" ", ( 1 ~;ng> 9:6. ~ : t ~;"!' ,,: 17). 1 ct., I_ p, "'H) ,""", C.... 2>: I,' . L ~, u_o. ,..- , I>< pluru ,

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"'_ leI" 17:W : " Ch.- ";4 : ",,,_ 00_ 1 S.m de' _ ".. f' .... ,""1."'10", d,7 _ >b<.lO< """.'" 0( c•• I", d :' _ ·1}',,~ 1 ~~, .r.... of ,1>< 1"0"." 6'- Th~ ... , "" .. "«if>'" by. "mpl<' ...,,, ,.,,1 < C".t" "f'P<"m ",.. fiftp.no<> , ", "' ..... ~',.-d" .... find . "",, «t

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fl o",' i. all th i•• igniflc:m t? "lne u).c of "[Ioh im" .. the pml"'F name for the god of b rad neu tmli,c •• n l' plum! connotation the ",'ord might h""e" a nd nprc.",. the .b"r:>et "le.. of "god line,,:" The dete rminate fom, ("ha -~] o hi ", ") . . . pro!"" n.m , ,ugg<'" th e fu ller ",ntence "The LO R" (i'l the God" (C"1l'~~ ~ Mr)_ t->:ot 01,1)' doc. it upr"» . n ab ",." un de,-" tanding of the d il'ine e»ence. it . bo emph..,ilC' God'. qualit i"" o f un i'l" e,,,,,, .n(] nclu,;,-ene,-" The incre.>cd me of the determi n.te for m te"ifie, to. monger .worCOle» of God ', exciu,;,-cn,,, be >eCOl .., a theological-li"gui>tk de,dopmen t t)l,k>l of late biblkal literature. including the Ix~ )k of Ch ronklco , Ho,,'e,-er. th i, u .. ge doe. not co"' t ~ tute. co n,do H> exegetical principle re>t . teh . nd el'e ,)' "",nn ple. W ithin the general " leok-gicol . "d literal)' fr ame,,·ork . • uch ",age ",")' well be m ech anical. not ,k libe,.te .

.,KI ",")'

G. Til, i nlmha"K' oj

-r"...,," and -Eloh;",-

'n,e mo,t

common ,Iiline name in a ,ronklc> . ., ill the Bible .. . whok, ;, "y ",,,,.- or " LoRn", it apJ'C'" in Chroll ick> mo re tha n four hund red and fift), time •. more th.n .11 the o~,er rul noes for God put together. r-,·eycrthclc ... " 'e fi nd 'Iu ite . fCll' P"''''g<' in ",-hkh · ~ k-h i " ," re1'1><<> the original "Y"w,,- of the >OUfce text.'" Com men tator> on Ch ",n-

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;0 E", ~· """m;.h , ,ho """',m ' ow, foom ~ f, >UruI th ; m'_ fi,~ ' ;""". e.,;h' of ,I><-m"", '" ,0. ".,,,"", I'" ~ ", .-.I 'com _ O J'" t", ,"" h M, 0,7: ... p.-op I~' ,h "'"; .:1', ,",W _ .11 " prop<- ,,,",,,"'t. ,,1><-,... ,.... ;""'''''nn l.,."" found 00 L" ""'n H""" """ w;,h ,I><- »"1""""" " ' 0- Ln on< ~_ 'n t"oMd. ~.< fmd onIj' 'he ""'enom"e _ fiw ,,""". " L, In""";ng ,I><-", ..-, w)' f n.· ;0... ..-" "' ,t.. "'"""',..,, f",m In ..... Jm' . " " hough"" .... """rm,,.." I"" ,,, ""'n 0'- ~'''h prep'~ It. ,,,,) '1')""" "'... 'M huod "",, H""" ,.... d<'com' .... ' " f,,,m" ,., ;h "'0 .onIj' ,h ,« Hm<~ "~-m Lo ,0. ,,,",to,,,, _" ""_" 00, t, 1," , ~ _ .00 "'~< , IIh tt", pr<- prim")' m.,.n;ng of "FJOO lm", "" n....,,"". 1. i'P- ' ''''_ 1'><1; "t>ll. p . ~, . p..

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• ,_ S<.- C",,,,o;",. t24~. i'P. ""'- ,... 111)" ""fi"" ;, .. . -fl ,.".".. ' (I'. ")' ,he,= >Ckh " . " .-.al, 11 . 0 ".0."..-, piu .... • ,,'" ",hoo, , u"cd '" 'h< ",k of ,u m""",!

up tho _'hol< ", d~" '" P""'F< '0 , "."~",,, UM)" _ _ M_ "' .... 'Roth".;o tt... '"",",';~ .,... ." t Chr ",,' '" I'~h ) , 1~: « , tU.

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eh , L7: 10,", 1>" , _":7: " :2:, .. _·ott " I""'!!'" '" 'h kh ........ of c"", ' "pi.o<<> " .. "''' of ' he Lo.n- _ , ehr "'; U 1. t9: ':lb. t,l. 7,' , " , to: 2201', " ,', G: Z"Z~,

ide. h..,-e "",Ie mud, of ,h i•. explai ning ' he l'hcnomeno" i" one of ,,," ~"-p , 11,e approach inl<'l>re«d 'h= ,uOO,i,u, ion, .. pari of . more general proo:,»: 'he « ndeuo)' of l>ter ",ribe. to ref.... in fm m ,,,iuS the (Ct· rng""mmal"", os Thi, de,'d opm bee n dc>cribed a, "3 Ic ngl hy pr<>' cc" ,hat led to 'he remiction o f ,he ,,'ri'i ng o f 'he Ineffab ic t\', ,,,e . nd to it.l , nh>t i,u ,iou h)- OI her .igl. or ".rioll> n. Ole' .nd epi,het> . '" ",ell" '0 "ri ngent li m i"tions on its e mmciation· ... aJ ~ 1 has bee n explained in > ,,,. rict), of "";", Accordi ng to !On",. it rcH«'-' . ,h ifi in t he cOllCel" of God: "God j . l ~) longer to be ,·ic",ed .., 'he be ..", of. per!On.1 name or., b · rael', God, lie i. recogn i>e<:l., God of the en, i,e ",·o rld .• " O the" h,,'e pointed to ..,me po icmical in (Cn,- for cxampk Urba< h . ...-ho >trc..." the .ttemion paid '0 .miding inapp ro priate rna of ,he te'rngranm ,a'on. partic"larly ' the me of the t\',nle for magical P"'1"';':' ," '" Since.• ccordi ng '0 ' he app roac h. the n:pla<emcn' of 'he tetr.· g",m", .. 'on ,,-.., < o ",,~Ie,ed a general phe nome non ')pic>l of 'he entire period, ,h i. n: ph.:em cu' d ~l nOl gk e ri>e '0 . n)' excgctk".. l (onch"io"" rc-ga,ding ' pecifl c pa"oge> in Ch ron icic>, lIo",ncr , >c h, ~." ",ho fo ll' Med

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9, '0"""). I...

pp. 4_." Th ..

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I." .. ,"" .... p. '72. In "'f< ....,. '0 ,I>< Hoh;"" ' "dn" , "Tho ",."'" 0( ,h., ,hang<~' I, ,hot .. , ... hn>< ~t><"" _-... '"'.-mp. , ... = .. ,;,~ "'" ,~. ,I>< ,..,., ...".. In .00 tl>< f"d;'", .." .... ",·n fo, It D)' , I>< <:;'ronlg). '0 , i>< '",""" of ,I>< «,,10<. ,,," of ."dn" ....... bot h .,.- ,I-=< "<m from , I>< "" .... .,,';'1...« 0( " ' " ' . . ~mn ... p. "-'). 00. U.......h. T'" .~. pp. ''-'6_ 121. On< m"" 1><..- "' m;oo th... , ... pik'''''''''''.''' "' ....,.."~ ,,, ...... , ~ no< '0 ,I>< "'""' .,.- ,t>< Rib"'. ,\ltl>,,,!!h .... h " " ., w'ng ,I>< """'gnmm.>h'" If,.- ~""" ... , ,h ;, " of <::hron.Moh ." 1>< .... , pp. ,"_"",). ,I>< lbbbi, "" n"' .-epIx<" . ;th """""m.' 1'1... of I.. " ",;1><> to .Tlt< "010I>m " f..- ,I>< C.", of ' '''''' ""'f'" "'pia;"'" In 0 ... ,0< " " nl" I.)" " " ' hough' "Boh, m.' 'k, 'Y""'H," .-.,. prop<' """'" " ...... than.n <po,t><, ...... ~ .." "" " ""'. (b) Am""", d""oogu',1><> "oogu'''- (""'J ..... ,,... pt"c" I" " "' ). l" """,,, .. Ar""' .... 0 ... ptur>l ""'" "n ", 11, 47; " '.' .",," "1'1'""'" '0 n . n 2oW; ,,," . It: . Hd """'Y 0<1."". "', po~" "'" ,h., . .. ,t>< ","ocn« 01 A.-on'" 1'..-,' ".,,,"h·" , to ,t>< pt",,1 Impt;< ..... " of "O:lOO lm" ,"", d<"~I<~"" !, .00 ,,. "" _." ,,-.,a,d . • ,. '''''''. 0.,...,1. pp .•, _tH. Cf. .. '" ". ""'m.n, 1M &"," ..,,,, ofj",,';'·I t.ii.,",K I.'~""" I " m,]<",,,"m. '0"" 1. ' , p. ' ' '. "". Urb.Kh. 1Jr, Sat-' , P. l ~' . ...., pp. '19''-' " f ,t>< ",,' ,lot< ~ ... " "' " '"'" tq-... to ... ,><";,,,d 'n ""P«' 0( " ... pronw><'-> '"", 01 ,t>< ".m<;n ,"" T<mpt< ...... ~
.£,....." ...

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mu","", I, unkno.n to .... II... "'."," ot b., f..- "'"

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..".'" "'''''' th>n

the scelf and e.,,,,it>«l each ,-en.< indep"mkntly. "ith the .im of lU~ eo,-ering it< p>rticub r orientation ."" Hiintdn', eOntnlC'''.')' repre""n " the p time e",mple of thi, nlCthod. and 'hdr work ~-a, taken u p .nd extended b)" ,-on Rad. T he .d,-oeate> of the occond approach den)' that a gcn"r-.ll rciueu",e to ,ue the tetragr-.mmato n can t.< di><emed in Chron icle> and e"Phin e""h indi'1.>ti""ion .. ha"ing a p>ft1o>C. " According to Hlnd .nd Roth>tdn _" the mme 'Y",m" "'0>1 full)" c'prc»c> the d i,';"" e,"",oce. Cod in all Hi> gio'1', In the Chron icler". t ime. Cod "'.", percd"ed .. di".nt from the Im m:m rcalm. im pollible to re>e h or Cl'en app m",h' if He ",-i,hed to rncal Him,,If or app roach man, He did", a> ".Joh iot ," without cxp re»ing the eomplete e,-"nee of ' Y" w,,: TIle n:1~""enlCnt of 'YFtW,, " by "[Iohim" i, therefore an important cxpn:>.>ion of the incrca.>ing ",me of Cod', tmnKeooenee. ""h1' WIKCpt of Cod.'" \'on Rad follow, in the foo!>"!" of Hind-R(>th .. dn .nd "'Titc>: oll,e u>c of Cod', name. the fr«jucnt .u h .. i""k", of "[ Ioh i"," for 'Yah'eh; betoken> . ,. dear tr.n><en(kntali,ation of Y""weh, y",,"eh ;, CllI off from the ",·ot ld of rclig'ou> phenomena , ,,d . to ,n incre"'ng c,tent . bccOlllC. remol'ed trollt the human experle",e.-" Whether or not dil'ine t.... "'ccndenec .nd the eo",plete di>tandng of God from the hU ll .." rcalm do in fact comtitutc the ">e lltial trell d in Chronicle> ""ilI be di>eU»Cd in detail belo",'," H"""CI'er. f,r.t ""e nll!>t .,k if the nallle> "\" Ft W"" .n(1 "[Ioh i"," in Chronicle> did in fac' h"'e the 69_ Th ;, ..... ,1>00

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n ..... '''' , '''~'''''''~''n. C '_,I. pp "; ;" ;", ·We ~nd ,h,,, d.."",", ~ ,........, of <".I""",,,,, '~- 'n ,.... "...., .......1•• "",of '" c.<>"'" p«fmbl< '" em'.ko ,. .01, u, ;n ..... <>"'" d.""t .... Wn" ', f><
mund."" '''''";'"'''', ..... "m~' om. 'ntl;, """".. "'F"'''Y -__ . " ""'"r ;';. """ hyof

,",,, ","" :-0", apP'''' ;n .

t Cit" t, • . 17 • .. _ ;m' ., too d .... ", for ,I>< >!"If b<,~.""" bridr" only .. II, .... """"""" .• ,,_ '0"""'. <"" ,",,,,,,,,"10, p. ,_ 7-1_ ..... be"",'. PI'- """_

'''m "'" ,.... ,;""'" '" ..

om. ""

n",an ing (ha( 10 .. b«n »crib«! (0 (hcm loy Khola .. , Whcn wc chccl ("" OI·cr.1I u oc of d i,j ,,,, n.n"". ~'C fi"d (h .. Chroniele> ,ho,,', no c" idenec of (hc .u"",>.>Cd ",,,,",Hie differen(c ""''''<en (hc (~-o , IH nel-ltot h .. cin and \'On It.d only d i,eu" 'hc phenomcnon of . ub>! i(u,iOl" .n,1 (h< larger quc"ion of ""ha' (hc dil-inc cpi(h<" mcan , E,-cn " 'hcn "'C loot a( ,100'" ra>"'ge, in " 'h ieh a .ub"i,u (io" d oe> occur. ~-c sec (hat (hc aool·'" nlCn(io,, ""m ""~' be offered: 0., 2 Chr 10:15. ,'on Rad "Ti(e" ·Once alrdin , (hc rC.Kln 'h .. ", ' '''' =1 no~' (Ome, from tJoh i", i, app'flion ",,-cab ,h,. \'O n Rad', dta,ion;, i'Ko"'plel< : "So 'he l ing d id no( hearhn (hc peopk, for i( "'.., a (urn of .thi" brought . OOU( br (;od (hat ' '''' LOkI) migh( fulfi l hi.> """d, whieh h< 'pol e , : I> ,herc anr differe '0 Ahijah and ~· i .h«1 'io",_ 0" 2 Ch, ! 8:,~1 - "Jehmhaph .. cried 0\1( .• nd ''''' l, o~1! hdl',,:d him , (",oJ drc,,' (hem '~"r from h i",' _ R>d e"m ,nen": "The Ch'Ol,ieler help, Ho,,'e,-cr. 'hc reh t<, hOll' i( i, Y,h",'d, "'ho hca" and i.> «.d), (oneWe. illl ,n"lCn( u n,krtal i"g - dra~-i ng (he enemie. ''''')- - (o",e. from [ lohi",:" A•• «><, 1, of \'On Rad'. ;'lIerpre""ion. (h< conccpt he-(0""" I;"uall)' duali,(ie, No' onl)' i. ,uch , eo,,(cp( incom patible ,,' i(h ,he o,mniek,'. ,'k~- •. \'On Rad', di"i,,,,,, of labour 1N:'~' ~' h c n 'he)' hoard 'hat (iIe ID R" h>d fo ught ag.im( , he enem ieo of bmcl " - herc i( i. Ih, LOR/) "'ho in' c"'c of c.-cn"_ 'hc ~"r alrdim' 1>rnd', _ " ,\ n nlrcm< enmpk of (hc comp lete corrc'potldctl(c and itl(erchanS". hi li(r of the n,mc. i. fou nd ill 2 e h r %:5 : ' Hc >e( h i,,~ ",If (0 >ecl God in 'hc da)" of Zechariah. ~' h o i",' ru««1 him in (he feor of God, and .. long .. h< ,,)ugh , 'hc LORI). Cod m>dc h im prmpc,:

"0'

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'0

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Here. '",ding ,.od" i> t he "n1<.., '",ding (he LOR": ,nd i( i> God ~'ho re'pond, to thi, ""'king. 11,e p roblem. inml,,,d in (he ..... ",,,,i»ion of (he text a l>o ",, " e i, d ifficult (0 aceept ,hi, line of interpretation. An appro:oc h t h .. rdk> o n ~IT .. original ,nd unch,nged and o'"rloot. (he .ignificaIKc of other t""",,,1 c,·idence. particularlr on thi, 'I',e>. parlicuLtrl)' ,·j.ion, in dream; , can '''' longer be im",ccn,lr identified ~'i(h Y"",,' "[Iohim: where» the paralk l p""g" in 2 Sam 6: 17 t ao 'Y"\I''': and yon Iud "Tita: "I" I Olr 16:1 , .. (he >acriflca arc '''' Ionga otferro (0 Yah'e h. but m(her to ~Joh im :'" t>;,,'er1 hele,, _ the Septuagint for both ,·e.-.c, in 1 Chronicle> ( 17 :2, 16:1 ) , ,,,.d , "the U)R()', in othCT ~-ord,. the p""a~<> arc ~ kn(ic . 1 to Samud in thi, ''''I'''''' - there i, 1>0 ,uh"iHltion " 011" 10 be . m e. "c h."c no "''')' of a>in ing ",h kh ,'er>ion of Chronicb i. (he more o riginaL I( i, p<».>ihk th .. (he Grcd tra,,,btor of Chronick> """, influenced t»' (he ""rding in Samuel. or (h .. he "'... not all that pecci", in hi. (ra'''!>tion. 110,",'<,-er. i, >Cenli lil:c. the differe nt read ing in IXX c'""" co",Kkrnhlc do.,b( o n '''" Rad', in(erprctation , ~·u tt hcrmorc. (here are nn"",rom in,(ance. - at ti me. in rather in>trnc,h'c context> - "here LXX for Ol..., ,, ick> read, < ~ for Uf "[107')_ ("~"IoKIwM! . p.'_

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h im."'" It . p pe'I> lil lim i' a,ion •. 'hc ',,,'i n,,,n)' of 'he Scp,uagin' e. nno' he ignored. and 'he large nOlm"« of difference, ,uggtill contained the tctrag"n,,,, .. on.''' I" thc", CO>C'." iea". thc >a ~'crc not thc Ooronick r', work .nd , ,,,eI)' ,,'crc not <xpl .. ini n~ thi • • ub>titu,ion er<".tlc certai n d immlti",. TIoe,e i> no doubt th .. 'he ddiber.te amid.. n,c of ,he ,ctragram",.. ,on i, a pr",'en phe '~>n,cnon in ,ome 1""" of tloe lliblc. notabl), ~:':clc>ia> a" d the fJo hi>I"" (41 - 8jWIO hm,·C'-cr. ,hi. trend h." not bee" . "c>tcd for Chronic\cs, The """e "Y",no ' appe.r> in Chronicle>. in a , .. rle'r of con tn" . • ppmxi"'atel)' fil-e Imnd,ed timc •. ".ore than all the otha n. mc, p'" 'oge,her. II ;, d ifficult reconcile thi, fac t ~'ith a mppoocd gencml tendene)' to 'l'Oid t he tClragrammaton," Ye' att,""I''' exp!>i " cach and cI'e.-,· ",b>titution .. the re.uil "f >ome 'hc( ~ ogic al PU'lKl>C. c." ",d 1»' • ch.ngc in the co,>ccpt of God. arc .bo unconvincing: if ,,-c check the actu:>ll"',:oage>. "'·c >cc th .. the)" do not . I~-..p h"., the ,ncaning 'heir interprelc,-, hal'e .:ocribed '0 them and 'hat 'hc p rupoocd .igll ificance of dil'inc ,,,mc. i> not , I\ c>
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o,mnkko fro", -Y"'.... • '0 -Elohi",' "'''-'. for" and fore",." •.• hc rc.ull of .hc proc= of ,,,,,nu>crir' "",,", i,,;"n . " d ,><'" .he ",'o rk of ' he ,c,,"al . u.hor of 'he book." TI,e .mn,lo,o", of 'he Scp,u'gi,,' ,1>Cd a l lebre ...' 'ex' in ~' h i fr«I',en,I)' .h .n in 'he ~ b ,orc'k Te". and it >een" liI,d)' ,h • • •he ch.ngc_OI'C[ '0 ' ~]ohi"," in ' hc " .. " u· Krip !> of S.mud- King> . tld of Chron id e. <>«urr«1 o,-er an ex'en ded f'<" rioo of .ime. I/. r lllrn Flelti.,

TI,e ph """ "LORI) God" (CmN ~\,.) or "'he 1..Di proper name - in o. her ~-ord" "i" "all)" one name in whkh "God" doc. not >en'e .. a gcner..ltcrm" - ;, ob.mre. 1llc p hrax'. di>tr ihu.io tl in Suip ,ure i. di>!inc.in: i•• ppe.r> ,wen'r ,ima in 'he >1o')' of , he Gardell of bk " (Gen 2 :i- .~:N). •hll, con "i,u.ing' '""p>.rat< unito in o, .... nkk>. ,wc!,-e ,i ,ne",'" . nd 'h"~'g h ou' .he re>t of 'he Bible. n in e .in>« i, .. merel)" . he re." I, of .ome redan;"n" I"occ ... " oth"" arc cOlII'inccd ,h •• 'he phra", (omep a p ar· .icular mean ing." "'. Th< (," "",;"!!" F""¥' nu)' "''''." ,n <>'"' 1"< o{ Ih" =mph [>'''''<" 0( 'r.n~ m...-: ;n" s.m . :'". ,t-...", " aJiN ",t.. .. , of c•• ,': ,t-.. 1""" 10' "XI .. j C""" 1, ,", h .. "tt...,k 0( tt.. «"~",," I ," It-.. ,,-.. ,,: ! xx '0 s..mo" ",od, ",j" .,. ,~' ,t.. ! .<,"-,,' '-"', '0 (:Ju-on ~Io', ' ,,,.. .. k '" II" ""~n"" L" Thu~ ''''' do"'",,", ""''''''. '''' ,t-.. from 'h' 'ntJ!" '" d',-;"" ", .. 11",1<.... , ,"" 'mW"'" b)" "'".. ""'thod o>pb""'" .. ,r..- "'""'!"",." of. kn,;th' h..",.)" ," ",.rum;,""" 'n ,t-.. " ..< , " both MT and ' Xx. "",h "" .. ""n '" 'n "',.. oo '" It.. 01","" "". A, t ~'ng, '9, '0: ·,hou. 0 Lrnm, ..-1" .... !on< " o. Jor '''' ' ''' ·00 ' tt-.. Lo,,,, " ,t-.. ,,,.. C.od: t.." tt-.. ~'1,,!! ,,,",.n<6 : ':7. ~ " ..,d ... g<'""r.d «rID, &< Scg.>" Tar><:, 9 \ 19m,,). 1'-"'. ,."" I. "". , C"", 17:'., I 7; t, :'. 19; 2;:'-"" 2M: , C.h, 6:," , ,'2: W: '", ,,: 16. """ "'" ..... , C"".I~ItbMJ.oI, p. d , ~'....,. t.. ""'"'oo' I0: 2 ""'. J "n ':6: '" ""." '" I.; "":'. W, ""g. '". Th<,.,." « •. ,"'" ,""",," .'" "'0 f""'I!"'. ,'..- .->OI<",h ,.,..od, em- -n • . , '".. t Sam 7:'1". tt.. .... ' .. no< 8 ;1>1< ...... om. Cod<x !-<" ;ngnd ...... on" ,,... • . II,",,'. ,t-.. "Iu;, ""'''' '0 ' t-.. doH"""", ""'"""n >IT.nd ,"" s.m. I'< nt>l0. k .'" .. " "'" "" "'~,, ' ,,,",, ;" ',," 'll< ,t.. pbr.,,, "f'I"..-,;n ,~O ro.m. 'l"! 11<,,1., ""It ) and ""'-""11 'l"! I'><>.d: "''''. '-'0: ",,0) _ .n01. 1'1'. '" - " , """'''''''.•",,.-do"l! '0 '''~'
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Ib.rc., ,he ">c of ' hi> name m. )' be. i, i> "onore'c •. "'lUalro ' ~' O difforen, form, . lld produced . 'hird. no' foun d in 'he Bible'" bu, IOn",,,·h .. ,imib,- '0 e;och of 'hc original fo",,,, Thu;. 'he M.>ore'e, pronouncc.1 bt~h ' y",,,, tJohi", " .nd "Ad o ,",-), y",,.,." in t he "me ~-a)' - .., "Adona)' m o him ," "'hkh diffe" from bo,h for"", If " 'e a» 'U1>O t h .. the p ron un ci~'ion of the tC'ragrn "1>n>ton ., "Adona)"" w~, rda'i,'d)' c",~-. " 'he ne,,' form ",\don.)' tJohi"," ...01\1.1 rdiect ' y" "",, Uoh i", " r.uhcr ,h.n •Adon .), YIl,,"Il ," lI"e ma), therefore cOIldu.1e 'h~' 'ho ph .... ", "Y" ,,"11 [Iohi,n," in i .. p rolHmci.a'ion "Ado".), [lohim." o\'eltoo k t he fo,m "Adm» )' Y",,"Il," "'hkh d;,appcared (rom m>ge. bo,h in form . nd me. ning," In 'he lIil>le i!>df, ~-c do not f",d the "'ducn fomL "Adon,)' [loh i"," .. ,uch ' · hut it d oa 'pp ear one< in 'he I>~iah

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of ' imc. ,he namc fJohim" had iu o,,'n di"inc';,'c " ",." i"g. O n l~' L1' er _ bec.m< of i" coml",,, - did i, <001< '0 bc u",d in".,.••<1 of 'hc more ,,·i.duprc>d •. \don.~· "'hich formerl)' w•• pronounced in • ditle,c,,' ""')'. Once 'he ''''0 ~'erc p,onounccd 'denticall)". 'he for m -"""." fJ"h'"," ,omc,in"" ,eplxed ·,\o:\em.)" \'",,",," in bibl "",1 mallu"',il .... h,,, 'he b e' "'., ,hi, on l)" h'p l><"ed Oil a k~' o«.,ion> p,oyK!e. c" iden« o f 'he reliah.",)' a nd ",cur",,)" of ~ta>orctic '''' '''''''.,ion.

I'm,.,,:

n. a giyn 'oo .nd ....., ""pn=cd in hiblic. I",era,u,e b)' me.:ttI of Il)' 'he ti n'" Ch,onicle> wa. "'ti"cn. ,he mono,hd"ic i(k.

<".bl" hed fo,m ulae. '" Th< qu<"ion hefo,c UI h : do ..'< /i ud an c'p,e,' >ion of ,he ",ono, hc",ic i(k. in Chronicle>. a nd if ..'e do. ,,'ha' form ( ~ >c. i, ,al c? Of 'hc ,'a,ions ' cnden'""". d«I>,",0'1' fo'm ulae cxprc"""g ,he nelu· .i,'e ne" of God . 0 ,,1)' o " e ' 1'1""" ." Chro" ick •. h i, uo' coined b)' 'hc Chroniclc, him",lf. h,,' l"'.uher il '"eluded in from s.:uuuei: ·There ;, none lik 'hee. 0 LORn. and 'here ., " 0 '.od be•• de> ,I""," (I Ch, 17:20,2 Sam 7:12). "" "p.n fro m ,hi, ~'< find ,h,c"~' which . dd,e» 'he ,d.,ion>h ip of brad', God 'he god, of 'he n.,'on •. 1;"0 ar< found." parolld 'cxl>. and one It", no pa,allel,

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'n,e", ,,,....,,, upre" the '''I'rem.<)' .n,1 un kl" ene., of brood', C"od ..""ng" aJllhe go,!.. I'"~ the)' ,~) , ~)[ den)' Ihe re.lit), of Iho,"" other god> .ltogether, '". Too,. a tme ""p re .. io n of mon(~hd.m - in Ihe ",me th>! "there i, no God i>c,ide thoc" - ap pear> onl)' in 1 0" 17 :20: (he ot her p"" .. gco merei), proclaim Ih>! "(here i, none like Ihcc ," The diffaeoce i>c(,,'ccn (he", t"o expre"ion> i, a[«,(ed ebe,,'hae in the Bibk. for nample. in Second Isaiah. ...-e find '''><'1"",',,,,>1 decb ration> of God', uni'luene» .nd complete och"",'C("",, , ">eh . " "r or 1 . m God. a nd there i, no other" (b. '6::r.!), Ho"e,,,r. Ihere arc >1>0 >tatemenu "'hk h prod.im ,h" (he LOR]) i. ,uper;"r ' 0 ",her god" not tha I He .kllle i> God for e"""'ple. b;od 15: 11: "Who i. like (hcc, 0 I..okl>, .mong (he g<~l,'"'., Ho,,·e,"Cr. in a f",,' I""",sa the di"inction i>c,,,'ccn the '~'o ()"pe. of e ,,· prc»ktn i, nuli,lkd . .., "e ><e in .he follo"i ng e"""'p le>: l. ! S,m 2:2: "n ,ere i> none hoi)" like the LOR" , (for i ' here i, none baide. (i>ce: 'here i. no rocklike our God: 2. 2 7::r.!: ", , for 'here i, no,>< like ' hcc .• nd there i, no God bcokk> (hcc."

S,,,,

In I s...m 2:2, the ,,'ord •. "none hoi), like ,10< LURlJ" and "n<> rocklike our God." mad)' com!>",c y"",,, to , ~hcr god> , ~' ) k) a l;o .rc h( ~ )'. though k>",r degree. ".. 1 · lo~·e\"cr. 'he middle phra,e - "'here i. none be.ide, 'l1,cc" - co",,,)", (he monOlhdltic idea ,h .. ,~ ) OIher god. e"i... When t he ''''-0 demen" arc «a" ", ' here i> no o,hcr god!'"

'0 •

IV"'"

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II. 7.. ,\!O"Olnmli< 111M.

'n ,en",e in 2 Sa", 7:22 (.nd it> p.. ralicl in I Ch r 1; :20).100 i"xtapo,"". (he (wo (YIX' of d escription . ,,;th (he rc. u l( (h>! (he >ccond .ffir",.. ion "( hcre i. no God be.~k (h",," - rob. (he fi r>! - "(hac i, no" c like (hee· - of it> .ign ificanec. '" It """n. (ha( (here ~'a, no ,,,,,rene» of ,n)' ten· .ion be("un (he (~' o pan. of (he ,-cr"", (hc 16, Thc fi,,( "e= (". 25) proclaim, (hc 1.i)R"', ,uprem :K)".• ugge"ing_ ,,,,n« hck ... (hat other go do exi>!, "For gre. ( i. ,he LORU. and grc .. I)' (0 be prai> (0 be held in .we abo,'c all g< ~ h." Ye' in (hc .. me breath. (hc p.. hni>! d eclarc, (h., "all ' hc god, of (hc people> arc id , ~, (0 " W) - in o(hcr word .. (he)' arc iII u.ion; ,.,-i(h no rcal exi>'coKe."" Wha( . (hen. i. >0 rem.rkable . bo,,( Y(l ,,"" being "held in '~'c .bo,·c .11 g()(j,"? A, thc R.bbi, righ(ly no'ed. "' 'hcre i•• fm,d. nlen ..1 di>(in!1e ide. ,,-.. formul.>led in , cle>r-.ro God', e~clu> i \'CIle" - ' he fi,,(. in term, of Hi, e,;"ence. the > o,.,.n u ''''quh-",aI .ffi rmation of , he ",o,,,,,hd11ic i,Ie., 10 a «n,in c " en' . (h i, fae' mar be

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explained b~' the n"ure of the book: it c"'>l.im hi"oriogr>ph)". 'l(~ rdigio", dogma , II> II(Mncr. thi, i, o nl)' • p.rti.1 expla..,t ion. Chronicle> ind u(b • large number of 'pecled "ery' de.rI)','" Yet nowhne i. the idea of m(~, othe;,m proclaimed' ' ' .-I "r i~ing exampic of thi, ab",nc< i. the prarer ill I Dlr ~J: lOlL ~'hich ard e ndie"ne» . nd dominion 0"" the eo>m" . ... ~I '" OIL but doc. not mention hi, neiu,hene", '" 11,e hi>toric. 1 de,-c!0f' ment of the mono,hei>tic id"" in I>r..,1 n,,)" prm'kk • further e 'pian.tion of thi. phe nome non , It >cen" quile likel), th" the Chronicler .I re ><ed in e mph.,i,ing OIher dil'ine ."rihule, _ m"h .., C(~I', migh' . ju"ice . a nd i",-ol,'ement in 'he hi"",}' of II i> peopic. AnOlhCT "'peCl of the ,nono,hei>tic que>!ion i, the . tti!LIde to~-ard , 'he god, of the n",ion._ Hid 'hey re>ll)' exi,!? What "'.. the Chronicler. po,i'ion 0" thi> ,ubjc<'> A 1)() 1~" h ei "i " rdigiou, outloo k >ce, the ""orld d,,-ided in'" the ,-.rk)u, dei,ie,' ' phere> of 'Clion on.1I plana , na,.">I-c,,,mic a. ,,'dl .. hum. nn.. ,ion.l, ' " 0 " the human 1,,-cI. e :och n>! ion con,ti,u,,,, • • phere of :oc',,-i')' for the p.rticnl. r g(~1 ...-ho>< dutr it i, to hd p hi. peopk - lead it in'o battle. prole'" it from the ClIemy. • nd "" on , Hum.nit)" prm-idc> the pJaring-Iiekl a nd for a ho,t of differen, !(O,e» ",·h.t Che mo,h )'our god l'on to po»<..,1 And

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t._

II. 7.. ,\!O"Olnmli< 111M. thal the b)Rt) o ur God ha, d"p"'",.""d before lI>. ~'e ~'ill po"" ..... '" Ac· cording to t hi> >or! of outlook - whieh might be d",ified ill the frame" work of biblical thought .. ' popub,"" - the deitic. of ot her 'l>t~"'. h,,'e real po,,'er . nd the de"in)" of the", peop les depend. o n t heir god" I-Io"·e,,,,. the predomirumt biblie>! i(k.-. the gentile dcitic. mere illmion_ De uteronomy (on>ciou,l)" deal. "' ith the que"ion of other g< ~1> and 1»"" the rebtion>hip bet~'ccn Y tl"'tl a nd the.., "god.' on the firm c",,,,ietion th>! the on~- god ~'hieh e~i." i. t he 1.0.. " , God of 1."",1 , l),:n«1'Onom)' .,>crt" th>! the god. "'O.-.hiPI,,,d b)" the ,-,.. io." I",opb "ere giyen to them b)" Yltlm :". _, " 'hen),ou >cc the "Ul . nd t he tnoon and the ....... 11 the lKl>t of heayen, ,thing> ~'hieh the U, .. ., rom G<~I h., allotted to.1I the people> ,,,,(Ier the ,",'hole he"'en" ([)cut 4: 19: d . a l", :.>9:23), n.c I.on! h .. ... igned each nation it> god b ut li e . Ione i. m.., ter of the ~-orld: 'the loR";' God: there i, no othcr be,ide, him ' (n e nt is c.",ed ",. God .L 19

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. ah . ..... n' of ;gn"""g t .... ,,,,,, """'""l! of

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or •• "' ....... " ' ''''''k-dg<m<'"'"" u'~''''1''''''111 ~ '''''' .o., "" ~"" "'-"'f ,."", ,'''''''' ,h.o., Yti ~" .·;,10 . ,"",,"" b"", to tl-.< ~" ....., ,,,h.o.t>t 11-.<m: d . ""ut " '.'. to, ""'n..,," t .. ,.,,1""" ", .. ' 0 . "-' .. " . f"-"'><"Mm": "b to :t Itw'&'"". !. 1'1' . ........... , ,', 00 ' I-.< "'"."";"" ,"" """'1" b<- b",od,n;,,! ". 10 "" ...,,", tho' .... <"'" 'oc,""", oiLof I'< nt> t""hoI H'm lu,,_ "'''''" .... ~T'''' . "~.< mu_' d''';ngu;,J, "'0 g«" 1"""'" ," .1-.< h,,,"'l' of mo""'hci<"" 0< , .... 1"'1"''"' «t.g;on " l'''U;",d ;" , "" P
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"Why'" _ ~'hj' dod nod . t.~ <1<, .... , ''' h '", ".1 "",,,,,,"co '" ,i>< ""."" of th" <><1h' TO . ," '0 ,,, log ....
.nd i, .."" Hc who I!",'e ,hcm ' hcir god •. mcn: objcCl> of ,,·or.;hip, ,,. Oll-onkk> con,ain, 0 111)' '~-o e'plk i' "atcmcnl> in k«ping ~-i' h 'hc prcd omi",, " ' biblical "icw conccrning 'he n ature of ' hc god. of 'he na,ion> . O llC prcocntl,he " Titer', reac,ion '0 ' he .-\"~· rian UUII[;' ".-\ nd 'h e~' .poh of ,he God of Jena.km '" a, 'hc)' 'po h of 'hc god! of ,he peopk> of 'he carlh . "'hieh .rc ' he "'or k of men', hami>" (2 Chr j2: 19) , Herc. 'he Om",kk ,', d;"ni"",1 i, all-cmb,..cing:» ge ne,.. 1 phcnome n • . "'he god, of ' he pcopks of 'he e.rlh" .rc idol. prod " ccd by hu m.n bein g> , "" T he ",wnd cx:""pk i, foun d in a p",hll: "For ail 'hc god, of ,he peopk> arc idol." (1 Ch r 16:26), lIowe,'c r, i, i! ,>01 o ll l~' hi, di rec' ""emen". bul. abu,'e al l. hi, deKrip 'ioll> a nd u ,~ lcll)i n g .»um pl 'he LDRlJ i, ><>Ie ruler of 'he "orld and 'he arb iter of n "m ~i ,,,I', (b 'in)',' ''' Gi>'e n ,h i, """\1 p'~)Il. ''''0 phenomena arc of p"rlicu lar in 'ere": one i> a que>!iou of 'cnnin o l~' _ and 'hc o,her h .. '0 (10 ~'i' h ,he oxc..ion.1 echoe, of popular alli,udc. to,,-.rd , gen 'ile dei,ie., 'n ,e god, of t he n >oio", arc .I""p called "god," (C";l'K) in Ch ronkks:

.1><,...., 0 ... ,= p>g"""m .. tl>< ,,," ,1>00>: of (10"... "a("''' "' "'''''' "",d., ,, ,1><..- 0"-' ..... , _

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II. 7.. ,\!O"Olnmli< 111M.

:19

"'he god, of .\r>m." "'he god, of ' hc f"'<' p le> of 'hc carlh." a" d >0 0" . '" Wc fi"d ,h .. deroga,ory' namc •. , u,h a, ", h,me" (nro). "abomin.,ion" (r"I'W). "idol" ('rin. 'r7K). c'e .. >fe b, co n,n,o n in Chronicle; ,han in ' hc parallel ,<x". "'.-\ cerl,i n lii>cral;'m prc,,,i!> . ~'hcrcb)' fordg n g'~l> arc no' ,b ,o,ed b )" dcrog .. o ry· epi,hct> . b", im 'he f;oc, ,hal Chronicle. ,on,'; n, cehoe> of 'hc "]>Op"l.r" ouo look. Sen n,cherib', meMage '0 Ikzdl.h (2 Ch, ~2 : 10 - 17) exp,e. "" ,i>c "kw of ,i>c foreig n mon>reh: ju>t .., ,i>c ",i>cr n"io",' god, were "n.blc '0 ..,·c 'hem . b ro.el·, Go d ~;11 i>c IKI~'c,b, '0 delh'cr h i, pcople fro m 'hc A"')Tian king, ". Th< I" .r P"" " PP'»i' ion : · .·or hc .. erific«I,o 'hc god, of [)am ,,,,,,, ~'h ich load defc.,ed him . • nd "id_ ' I\c",,,,e ' he god, of 'hc k i n~ of Amm helped 'hcm. I ~-i ll ~,crifi(e to ,hem ,h., 'he)' m,), help mc" (2 C h r28:2~). The f;oc, ,hal hc 10;' ,he ",-"r pnm:> '0 Ah.., ,ha' 'he '-""0'-" god, arc preferah le ,,, hi, o ..'n _'" 1"·,_ , C.J.r 2.,,,: , Cho- ""': J: ,,,,,"'" t a.,"" .... W; ", 1" 1' , 10, 19; " ,2l. n,k p/lm<non;, "'" " "''Iud,- C.h"",,,,.,, ;, 'P!"''''' ,h ",uo;h<>u' ,he ",0"_ " ..,, 1,,1." ,'<11 .. ,'" TMgu";' ..... , of ,,,.-,,,;"!! 10 ,I><: go';, of ,'" . ., .,'" .. • .,,.,,," - . ",1lI".,. &< _" _ " . ""pl, /,."..,."" ... " ,r... /J~ , " ...... Jp. _ _ %,. 1",_ 0""'" d,,,,, no! _ _" I" o,,,,,,kb. """ oc,un<",,,, 'rom ,"" ~ I ,..,." .... ,... b«n " ..",, .·;,h t "'0>1' " 'W _2 1; , <:1.. , "t_" 1) 1<0.. 1_') ~'''h 1 ~'og, ", 11 _ " . n"". """hn-"" o. " ... ., ~'" of • 1""1"" """". """" "'~ '1'1""""". '" ,h .. ~.< fmd · b ....... '" 10""." ,. CN "''': and -""Lbb;uI" 0.- ."<: .....d TV"" ,ho: 00"" < "' 2 ~ I "g> do"" "","'<>~' . ..,. '. opp<'" ;n ,ho: J=>IId """ '" 1 c.h, ,.,' •. .,"'~" >« m_9'00 , A., N: , • . 'n Ct.",,,,,,.,.. ""''''l ;, "",,«be. "' oJ" , ~",. h IP or ,>lhcr go," ,.- ,I><: ~..",h,p of 8 .... 'm , ,,,, A,1o ' ''' ..... ,'' ~> ""'""k" U ,,," ..,~ Jud"': "<> ~",. " , ;n c.J. " "'"''''- ,,,," ,,"'ph><', I, on I"II~ ti ', "'"...,,,,, "" .. , \-,,~ 11 " of "" Ioog J"u" '" oJ ......... ""f , ..... 'ho ,",." no'''''' god, , ....... "" " ", ,1><:",_ Com .... "" " c.h, ", . " 1< . " • .,h t ~ I ">I' ' " :,,_

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In bOI h ,I>< belid i. co",~k",,1 m;,gnidcd , nd fal"" s.cnnac hcrib', ".. ",d, arc pro"cd f.h e 10)' God', '1"'<1>1I (2 ellr ~2 : 21 - 22) , . b (or Ah". 'he Chronicler <>><1> .he ,-c,,,, b)' (ommenting. "I\u. the)' ~'crc the ruin of him. "" d of .11 I, mei" (2 Chr 28 :2 ~ ). EI",,,,hc,c in 'he >tor)" of Ah". 'he ~Tit of Am"" .hat brought .bo.. , .he (kf"" •. ., in 2 Chr ~ S : 5 - "Thcldorc .he l.i)R" hi> G<~I him into ,he ha nd of the ~in g of "ram " - or ~ Ct., 28:19 - "r or.he [DRI) bronSh. Jud.:ll, 1o,", beca,,,,, of Ah" king of I",.d." Uo",c,..:,. ,-\h..,' . tt;tu.le i, . ho pr<>o ,h." ,,,,,. 'he king of Judah: ", . , and ""nl him > prophe'- who saKl .o him. -",h)' h.,-e)",-, n:.oned.o .h., g<~i> of a f'<"Pk. ~'hich did ,,," deli,-.:, .hd, ""." f'&'· (2 Ch, 2}:15), In ot he, ""o>d .: .he god, )"U h,,-e been wonhipp ing an: no. ~"".h)' of ),our dno.ion. a •• he fact .10" .he)' ",'ere " ,,,,hl<.,, .,Ye ,hei, ""'n peopk> ' )k>W' , TIti. line of . h i n ~ i ng ,.... i"' •• he que"ion. what if blom had "-"" . he ~-a r? Would he, god, .he n < uttderl)in g '''' Ul\\p ' ~>n of 'he p "1'hef, rep,,,,,,,h i •• hu> no diffen: n , from what ;,.aid e~plici.lj' 1»' Aha:l,'" The prophet', ""0,,1. C>[ pre" .he popular 0 .,,1001: a g<~I" f'O"'c, i. »""",d accoming'o 'he hdp he lo a. gil-en h i. f'<0pl<, if he ca" not p ro'ec' .hem. he i, prm'ed ~-o"hk .. , n.i. hardl)' cOI",i.u"" an . b>Olu'e d enial of 'he e~i,'e nu of 'he ", h",

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.lti,ude .o~-.. rd, .he god, of ,he nation, and 'hdr fUllc.ion in 'he ..""Id maj' be di>cemed in 'he "01)' of Ph • ....,h Ne", in 2 Chr 35 :2122, The>< ,'e .-.c, do no' ' I'f'<"" in 'he pa~~ l kl in King>: 'he)' a,c added here in o r(k, '0 npltill.he defeat of. righ'e"", king_j o.iah. in hi, w,.. . g.inst 'he Egypt;'ll pharnoh. The oddi. ~m i, dh-~!cd in.o '~-o par": J1",r-.oh t\'«o', """'"ge '0 jo.iah ,-i. hi> ""<>>c rip,ion of jo.i.h', ,,,,,",,ion (,-, 22 ). A,,(~he,

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cre.tl cou'prehen· .i,'e form " I.,ion . "'e»i"g God', ,lI>olu,o '"p,e",ocy. Hi, domi"ion 0'-0' ,11 o( c,cation . • nd ' he utto, i",igniflcaIKe of hllmani')' " 'hon comparod G()d. '-\Iong>~k ,Ie><,ip''''''' of God', loft)' m*"l" - "Thi"e. 0 LOki>, i, ,100 great"e". and 'he po"'''' .• nd the ~1 "'1'. • nd Ihe ,iClor),.• nd t he m*"( (". II) - "'e find . n o"' ph.,i. on Hi. contI<X,ion 10 ' ho " 'orkl , ,,d hum;m being"" . .. , n d tl\<)u ",leo, O\·e ,.II . I" Ihyh.nd arc po,,"o, , nd might.: in Ih)' h,,>d il i> '0 make groa' .nd 10 gi"e "rong,h to all" (". In God'. dominion i> npre,ml 'hrough Hi, connert h i, 'hino" (". I I) ''" - .nd. p"rlicub'I)', 'hmugh fIj , all..:hmell' '0 h"""nil)'. which He h., <) ~l owod wi,h ..- ,he "'o rid heCO"": i, i, Hi> (". II ), Yet. ",-en in ,hi, con'''''I. cre.t ion i,,,,,lf i, no' ",on· ,ioned. In Chronicle>, " .< do no' fin d tl", ide • . com ",on o];"",he,e ill tho Bibk,'" II"" God mleo the ,",orld bec,,,,e He ''''JI,d iL'" It i. the , bH ing ,eblio",hip of dominio " .nd k .do"hip 'hat co"'lilu"" ,Ii"ine pro,idonee,'" de",o","-,"od. fo, o, " n'pk. in Ihe bllilding of ' ho Tempk . " d

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br.d', freewill otfning', The gold and ,iI,'n pledged by the [' 1'"""«Ic,, - "1\", ~-ho am I. .nd "hat i> m)" people. (h", we .houk! be able (b", '0 offn ~-illingl)'? ~·()r .1I 'hing. con", from (hec. and of (hy ()~- n h,,-< ,"'C g;,'m thec" (,-, I -I ). flo".<\1:'- 'hi.! feeling of imignmcallu alld I",,,crb,,,ct> j, not.ccomp."kd b)' a ",me of db'ance bc'~-cen man and God . 0 " 'he «",'r.,..,-, God i. fdl to be I-e,}' ncar: ror all Hi.....·<.>Omc maje" r. 11<)"" gi,-cn ]m manily e,' c'},thing it I~ »"";c" "a ll (hi. ab undance ... wm", from th)' hand" (". 16). [jnling a . ublimc (kpklkm of (IK" I.o,d with thi> onc-linlC incidellt of pledge. for 'he Tempk p,m'i a pr:>elical """'p k of dh i llc pro,kkncc and reflew God', comtan ! ;nml'"",cn! in 'he ,lelaH, of hun»" affai", Wh at ...·c hal'c here pro";.!cncc th>! fu n ction> dirntl)" in the co",,,, of c,'cnt>," I Y"",, ( , rule i, , 1", menlioncd in the pm)"cr of jcho,h'p h .. (2 Chr c>{l:6ff,). once again ~'ithi" a 'pcdflc (onte," an appe" (or dh 'ine a»;,lance in the "'" alr"in>! the Ammonite" The 'ppeal i, ba>ed O il two li tle, of " !(Im"n!: y"",,,', po...-cr and dominion O\"r «e .. ion (n", 6. 12) .,,,1 thej"'tice of i>",cI', camc in thi> ~-ar (w, 7- 11), It i, the fir:>l line of rca"'ning th .. ;, of intcre" to u, hcrc:'" ",ft thon no' God in hc",,,n? J)o" Ihou no' rule o"cr all thc kingdol'" of the n ation,? In thr hand are I~ Mcr and migh .." The .i mib ri'r bet~-"'n th i, ,-enc .nd I ehr 29:12 i, "'iking_ and , compari", n of 'he t,,·o hring. "ut 'hc .ignifka ncc of cach "cnc:

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OIU all 'he l ingdo"" of ' he na,ion;" - dominion in lhe human .phere. in ""n'. ,odo'polh ....1organi""ion.: in OIher ..md;: dominion 0"" h;;'orr o,ronick> mar nOi eXI'" ",nd 'he helief ,h., YllWI! rule. all "'he king· dom, of 'he nalio", " >0 >I,)' len!!,h or in gre>o detail , yet ,h.t belief lie, the h;,'orical narr .. i"e 'hroughout the bool. Tl,e",;, .1 ..·.)" .ome (ollt,e([ion bet"'ccn I; .. d', hi>lor)" and ,hal of her neighbour>: >ceoI'd· ing '0 the Chronicler. YI!Wll in ten'enc.o direc,I)' in ,he alf. i, ~ of the", peopk> 1o m.ke them Hi. ;'btn"nent in dirce,h' g , he h i"or)' of 1> .... 01. ". '11"" "'e read. for e" ",p lc: "So the C od o f I;rno1 >lirred up t l>c .piri' of 1\,1 ling of A.... )Tia· (I o,r ~ :2 6): 'And the LOkI> .tirrccl up .gain't j eho.... 1Il ,he .ngerof Ihe I'hil;'tine. a "d of 'he ,\,.b," (2 Chr 21:16): "Therefore the i.< ... [) brough' u(>On ,hem 11", (o",,,,. ,,de.-. of the .nnr of the king of A»yria" (2 Chr j.1: I I), etc. 110c '!"e>lion i" to ~'hal extenl did the o,ronicler tr.m,form ,hi. general principk into a guide for > (o,,,i>l< ,,t re"'Ol l ing of the lource •. and ho..· (icep l)' did 'he princip le pcnell"le the pmce» of redaction and 'he delail, of re,,'ording' In C hronick' "~lI'CC' in , he Former l'rophel.>. it;-, a»u",ed , 10 .. C(~I con"o;, (O>lIlic nenl> bu,. on ' he whole. II i, inl'OlY('ment i> nOi (ic>cribcd ., direct, ' " The book o( o,ro llick>. ho,,"e,'cr. empha>i/.c, God', direct an(1 immediate illter'>"ention in h i"o,!' a ltd (icKribe. ' hat ;'lter'>"en· tion in one of I~'o "",,)". Ei,her the ~"Ord i ng com'e)" • ck.,l)" e.u,a] rela· tio",hip. '" in "therefore he brought up again>! ,hem 'he king of the o,.ld eall ," (2 Ch r 36 : 17). , .. or Ihe objcc'i,"C hillorica.l ac(Ollnt i. '''pple· menled ~' i th expiana'",!' "",ement.! i",licati ll g ' hat YllWI! brollgh' abo.. t thi. particular ennL The fin! metbod - c."",1 rormulation - j , .1", fo"nd in pa».ge> de>cribing the natlom' """, jon >. the rClult of dil'ille illten'ention. for e,,", mp lc: "A"d the rear of the 1.oI<[) (ell upon ;oJ 1 'he kin~ d o, ,,, of ,he lalld, .. , alld ,hclmade no ~'" again" Je h",h"phat " (2 C hr 17: 10). '" Thi, me,ho, The "",olld lIletbod ' PP<'" ... hen the Chronicler pre>cn·e . the lall!(u,ge of hi> >o",ce, but Ihen expre.",. hi. o-..-n ,-i",," b)" 'lie.", o f .n cxplauato'!' glo». '11", (ic>e in puin', Tl,e book of King' pre.enl> a ll object"'e dcocriptioll o( Shi.h. k', at· tacl : "In the filth )"ear of King Rehoboa",. Shi,hak king of F.g)'pt callle "p again" Jeru"Ic"," (I King' 1-1 :25). It Il,,)' be (>O»ibk '0 infer from ' he (onte" that the att.ck " .., pm,i.h",en' (or Rehobo.m·, , in>. ,"entiorICd

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in w. n - N of the "me chapter. but no explieit eonnede, -The Dlmnick r u .,,, the obje to ,k><~! ition that ek,rI)' in terpret> it .. dh;ne retrib"tion: "In the fifth year _, , Sh i>ha l king of ~ g)l" came up ... /weu" Ih', hea I>fm unfaithful 10 tM LOll/)" (2 Chr 12:2). -D,e r«ult . of the campaign arc >1>0 de>crii>cd ,.bjceli,-dr in King>: "hc tool a"ar Ihe tre » ure; of the ho",,,, of the 1.f.R" and the t"''''''e> of the ling" home: he took ''''')' ne,}'thing _, ," (1 King. H :26- 28), To thi>. the Ch ronicler ,dd •. b)' ~-ay of explanation: "he too\: a",,)' the tre»urc . and "'hen he [Rehoboam] humbled h in"df the ~nth of the IDR" turned from him. >0 . . not to make a (om pk« ,btmetion" (2 Cltr 12:9- !2), An e ntire ep i.ode i> in trod"ced ;'>10 the d<>criptioll - S he,naiah', prophec), - in ~'h ich the ~Titer pbinl)' "'p re."" hi, 0"'" ,-ie,,': "11,,,, ")" the 1.f)R"_ ' Y"n I",,-e abanooned nk:. >0 1 hal-e ab.ndoned )~u to the ha nd of Shis hak'" (1 Chr 12:5) and. later_ "'l'hey h,,'e humbkd the ,meh-es: 1 "'ill not de....oy them'" (2 C hr 12:7 ). Thco< e'planation, make it clear that the IDR" ~-,., the di,ect initi.tor of Shhh. l ', actiom , ~'h kh were a me.,,, of puni> hin g ];",eL Similar "'planatio", ' p f>Car in other I.... age>:

,,,Ie

I. 2 Chr 21:10: "So ~ oo m r",'olted from the o[ Judah to thi> d.),. At that time Libnah a l>o re.-olted .. . /waw< M had fonalim tM 1.01'" /h, Dod of hi> falh,,-, ," TI,e paralld .." ,,(e in 2 Kin~, 8:22 rea,l> onl), "So [ dom re.-olted f",m t he ruk of Judah to thi> W)'_ At that t ime Ubn.h .bo ,- 12:18: "At th .. time HalaClling of Anon ~-e n t up," ~. 2 a" 28:17 - 19: " ~'or the Edomite. had again im-.dcd , ..• nd the Phil!>,i"c.. h.d " .."k r-.lid, ... For Ihd-'JHI} /"-ought judoA "'"' iw:ao= of .Iha, _" The ,beriptio" of the im-",iOl" il o¥ti,'e. but in the ""planato,}, glo» tl\<)' are )>ortn)'Cd ... the direct «.ult of divine inten-ention.

fO"""'"

It i> e,';dent fro m thac c"," ,npk . that the ChrOl,k k r empl ",.i,,, •. to • far gre.ter extent than do hi. >ource.> , 'he belief that God ruk> the kingof the world an,l i> re'pon,ibk for their >ct>. He re~-orl,:, m",erial fro m King> accordingl), 1\oI<e,u. the "",-orking i. not completcl)' thorough , .nd , Fe,,' p,,»ag<> .rc t,..""fcrred ,-erbatim "'i tho\\t an}' add it io " . ,

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E>peciall)" no,e..-o,,!>)" i> 'he cription of the e,'ent> kading " P t t.c fall of J"dah ' " (2 Chr 36 :2_6, 10). , .. '];) conch,. O\'cr",e •.• nd control, the workl.nd <,'crph ing tha , happen> in it fin d . it> ""pre'-'ion in Chronick> through explici' !i,'c , The dc. ".. h ieh migh' t.c >cc n» the rc, ,,1t of t heir " ~'n initb tiye , nd free ""ilI _are plainlr the objcctiyc narr>til-e. at hi. di'po",1 . dd, e ' p ian ato,)' note" o n other occ»km' , he e'p re.",. h i. ,'kl.-, dir«tly. Ho",ncr. h i, rc",'orkins i> no' co tnp lctd)' 'pte matic , .-\ totall)' .pte m atic mcthod on~" . ppcar> in the Chron ickr", ""po,ition o f /mu/iu h i"o')', ,. we .hall >ce bck ) ~' in o nr diK,,,,ion of God'. in.-ol\-e men , in the h i"o'1" of i>r.ocl.

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II : God, ' '>"me. in rh, 11'0.-1!ion of the Lord ", d"" clling p lace in , 'p'em.tie . theo retical f", h i,,,,- In fact. connk'ing p re m i,,,, u ndcrlie the p'''''ge. ~' h ic h rder '0 th i•• ubje<:. d""elling ,00,-': , nd bc)'ond 'he ""orld fk ere. ted: 01> 'he ",heL 1-1< i. ' '' ~ di" "n!. hu, nelll'_ .nd 'ho><: "" ho belie,-.: ill film fi nd Him Cl'e,)'..-hcre_ Both 'pp ro.rne, arc p '" of 'he belie,'er', feligi".,. ulICricnec. >0, experience that encomp """ bith in , ,ublime _ tranKe .,cmc tha, God i, ncarh)'. pro'ecti,-d)' ~-.. 'ch ing O\,,:r h i. fa ithful . I>d .n>..-erins thdr p"'re,,_ 11,e kin thaI God i, di", n, comc. '0 the fore th " ~ ' g h de.erip tkm, o f fi i, d~'cll in g in I"''''en : for exa mpk. "Th, V'R" i, in h i, hoi)' te m pk_the LO Rn', th ro nc i. in hcal-en" (1', I H). "., God', ne. rne» aJ ~ 1 pr=ncc in

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the hum," world m'r be aUirn.ro e~plkit lr in ,-er>c. >ll! of h ,-ad" (Jocl ~:27). '" but. fo,- 'he In.,>! p"". t h e~ arc exprclSCd in (k>crip tioll> 01 God'. pcc>cnee in fib d,,'elliu8 concepts 'ppe,,- 'ogether, pl><e, "the ho" ", of God," m ,-\t time •. 'he .. ~-hell Solomon', Temple i. dedic.,«l. God i. (k>ence ill • p>rtkular pI",e . "'hether it be h('3,-en or , he Temple. doc. no' confine Him to th., pl>.u: ,,. p re,""llu doc. not denote eontaimne n', '" Th" ide . i. e'p rc'!lCd b)' Solomon when he.,h rhetoricall)'. "But ""ill G(~I indced d~'dl' ''' on the e arth ?· .. ~I "lkh<M_ he.\,cn a nd the highC>t hea>'Cn canno' contain thee: It()~, nmelt h, this ho,,,e whklt I hol'< built" (I King> 8:27) , '" Thu,. there i • • certain ten-

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.ion inhaent in t ~ coocopl of c.~!" p re",nco . God m al' d"ell in man~ pixel: he.,-en, 'he Tomp k, Sinai. '''' ",bo"o 'he drck of 'he e."h."'''' and..:) on - b,,, under n o drcuo", .. nce. c.n He I>< 'hough' of.., fini'e, He i, prcJCnt in .1l ,h<>e place., b,,, " one of ,hom coonl'ktd)' cOl" .i", Him_ n,e ido. ,ha' God cou ld h.ye . 01 e.nhl)' .bo! abodo - >cen" '0 kl ~l Hi> pre>c"ce a ;ligh t l~ ">lic quali,)". 11,e pro,ence i, lin\:ed dira,I)' '0 .i'e. of ".-""hip m,d i, b.,k '0 an)' approach ri,ual. ,.., 'Il,er< i, 'hu.. « "done), I-ic,,' God', pn:>ch,nging c"" d i,ion (onnce«d ecruin co neret< ooje: 'he ark, d,e tabanack, the d,)' of Jerusalem. Ho,,'mic b)' 'he de-men' of re,'ola,ion, '" .'u" hermorc, the Bible emp h .. i,,, the ac,in quali'r of dil-i,,,, pro>cnce: no' onl)' doa God ex;'" mon: im porl.ntlr, He adj , He ~.. tche, oyer 'he ,,'orld . "d 0'"'' I;"d. fk i,,«ryeno> difcetlr in hi, 'OJ}", . nd Ik am~'cr, ,ho", "'00 pr..)' Him_ Thi, "",i'-e coocopt of diI;"" prc",nce i, Ie., limi'ed b)' ,ime .nd .paco . lld ob,·bl<. the danger> inherent in > ""i< perception of God. Ra,her ,h.n p",ocnting '01)" uniq"" « mcept of (lil'ino pre>cme, Chronicle> renee" 'he general biblical ,ni,u(k" God d~'d ;, in he.yen, fk inhabi" 'he S,nctuar!', aJ.d )'" neithor place can contain Him, 1·lo,,-,,'cr, "e do find frequent difference.! bct~-""" ,onrce p"''''ge •• nd tho in

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o,mnkb. ".. hoI< range of ap proach< • ., ~! a n . ,., . , en e" of 'he (p'cotion , We ,he rdore 'urn a d e' a iled , n d 'p'e n .. ,k ex.:tmi n>lkm of ~-h" ' Ch " ~ l icb h .. . bou( Go d ', p r=ncc ,

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_I. I'ImH', I'>-",n" in th. "[',"pi, o,,,,n i(k> h., ,-,rioo,,, ~--')" of dc.>crib ing 'he Lord ', pre>< 'Ke in ' he Tem ple, "nd 'he (er m. a nd n p rc» ioll> med.re tak n fro m d iffere n( bib",".. IIi(era,)' . "d kl (he dc.>cri ption of bHikling . nd dedication of the Tem p le. for ~' h kh Q ,ronid a;' depe nden( on 'he n.r,."i,,, "''''pin f( ~ l nd in I King' 8: 1- 61. TI,e " o')' ~-e fin d in K i n~ ' i. ,>O( llnifled , . nd i" com po, i' ion;, ' he rc.ull of a complex pro""" ".( ..-h kh. ><>Ine .eI,ol.,.. >r]!ll<. ,ool hundred, of re.r> , ,,-' ~<,'cr'hek>,_ ~'here (he Chronk l ~'" u n, ffec,cd by Ihi, C\'ohuion_ One cOlKept be .",d ied i, th< hl the Te m pI<;' (""d'. hou>c .nd d~'clling pla.ce: - I hal'e b ui l( ' hee an exalted hou>c. ,.. . pl""e fo r 'hc 8:1~) , I" i' iall)'. ,hi, Klea rna)" h an been .,.

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KKi"cd ".. i,h 'hc Ark of 'he Lord .nd bur .pplied ' 0 'hc Tcmplc ""hen 'hc Ark ...., 1"" in 'hc Hoi)' of Ilolk' , wh ich bec, mc God', d,,'clling p i>ce "for ncr: ,OJ An,~hcr dcmc nt i, ' hc ~k. ,h., God', p",,,,ncc in 'hc Tcmpk i. c,pre>,ed by Hi, glor, ( 'tl~ ): · ,-\nd "'hen 'he prk'" camc on' of ' he hoi)' pl>tcr kcamc of the cloud, for 'he ~lorJ of the IDR!) fillcd 'he ho" ,," of 'hc LOR" " (I KinS' S: 1G- 11 ). I, i, not clcar ...-hc,her 'he prc.mce of Goo', glo01';' dependcnt on 'hc >It heing in 'hc Sanc'ua'1·. or whet hcr thc '''-0 phenomena al'C independen' of each OIher, tOO; In a n)' ca",. Hi, glory >0 fill . the p lace ,ha' 'herc i. no r<~)m lefl for t hc pric,": '" ,hi, uttcr fnllne» comtitu«. 'hc (onerClc npre"lon of tho Temple', clcd icati"" and i" tran;formatlon ;'''0 'hc houo<: of 'he I~"d , 110crc ;, • "'iking n:><mbbnce bel,,-ccn the deoeription, of the Temple clcdic"i"n in I Kin~ ' 8:10- 11 .nd 'he com" ... ,ion of the tabernacle in h",h" -t<>::\-! If.. l><~h in fo nn ,.. a nd con«n' - in [':00"'_ '00_ ·,he gio,)' of the 1.0 "" filled the ,abernacle: j·[""e,-" •. 'here i, al>o .n imp',,'a n' difference be,ween ,hem: 'he ""'1' in hod", de.ign.« , '''-0 concrete expre»;"", of God', p re",nee. ·,he clolld" . nd ·,he glory: each diffcren,

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'n,c mention of "tho:: n.mc or tho:: LOR'" in tho:: prayer" prologue a nd in what ' 1'1'''''' to be it> late" "mtu",'" f"miihc, ~'hat the pra),,, it>df lacks, Within the pra)'cr. three poin" arc emp]""i'.<:d: God d".. eli, in h""Yen. fk an,wc" .upp lication" . nd He forgi,'e •• in>, .y.,.... hear thou in h"",,,,, th), d",,'d ling pLoc", ."d ... hcn thou hcarc>t. forgh'e' (I King. 8::\0: >ce '''0 w. ~"_.'l6. YJ, 4:1), Yc'. nO"'hnc;, God', p rcoencc in the Te'npk mentionrolTI,c Temple ;" to >crye ., • hOWoe of p r"rcr (8:j~): the >en-icc i, directed 10 the Lord. not cOllduc<ed '" 1/;' ,\I"" "",«cha out hi. h.nd, to,,·.. ,-d th i, housc' (8:38), .nd. from ho::,,'en, God ho::." him, In the pm)'cr'. onl)' reference to Temple ~'O.-. h i p_ the .rtar >en-c ... mroh",,: "If. Ulan" _."c. " hi.ooth ho::fo", thine >liar, ,," (", :II),'" lt i, the m.in bod)' of the p, .. )'er that )"'>t corre'pond, to the polemkal tone of s<~o­ mon'. m'''''ge , u p rc.>Cd in hi> ~'ord, in "_ 27: " Will God indeed d ~-dl on the earth?" :--.:(~ a p licitl),. but mthcr b)' m,:>n, of omi»ion. the pr.t)U ,,,c,«d, in d;,tancing thc dhine pre>cncc from the Temple , Later > r"''CThe thi, p.ttcrn . " d rep.ir the omi .. i,,,,: tho::)' rdcr .-cp".tedlr to God', pre>cnce in the Temple hl' "re>sing that tho:: Temple ,,» huilt "for the n""le of the IDR": in .tion . • Ire> , i. "''Col more ",,<emi,'e in o,ronick> .nd fi~rc, a. an iU' I ~)rt.,,, component of t he .ccount of D."id', reign, II'e find tha, tho:: Chron icler >elected tho", element> of the (Ie>crip'io n of dh i lle pre",nce in the Temple is the p re",me of God', n.me - "a hou>c huilt for the n.me of the l.ok!)," In .. Idition to the .j"Klptic e\'e')' co n <e~t p"rt>ining to the Temple', ,on>truction mention> the no .... of God, In each eaoc - Ihlid'. charge to s.olon~'" (I ClLr 21:7, 8, 10)."" D,,-id ',

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thc cntire people ~ ".11 the (hildrcn of 1"..,1 '"w thc flrc (omc (~)~'n and thc glol)' of thc InR" uf>On t hc Temple' (2 Chr 7 : ~), III Chronicle, I-cr.ion of Cl'cub. Gocmen' of Solomon', . chkl'cmcut i. nm(h morc cI' ~kl" , All the dCIl>cn" in ,he dc>cril"km arc Pen"truehal. ta~cu from. lour. Thc p"' .. gc co",titute •• liter>,)· mo",ic 'hat comb;'",. I,uiou) ini dm>cn ... T hc demen ... arc t"''''I>O><Xl .1m,," ,·crb:ltim. ~'hkh make. Iheir origin' all the morc cvikn ', '" O ne KlUrcC p"''''ge i. b:odu, iO :~ i - 35. the eOIl>et ion of the takrru>cle: " Illen the cloud (OI'crro the ten' of n>ce'i ng .•",1 the glo')' of the L O RI) filled thc tabcrm.ek, ,-\nd ~ I o>o couk! not c 'he ck)ud .bodc upon it ... "I thc glo l ~' o f the LOR!) fIlled the u bcr-' nacle." T he re>cmbla ncc to 2 Chr 7: 1- 2 ;, mo rc th.n striling: " , . a nd thc glo')' of thc 1.0 "" filled thc temp le , ,-\nt, (ould ,,, ~ ">lel- the home of 'he In,u,. b=.m>c 'he glory of thc LO R!) filled the IDR"', hOllse." Although t hi, 1.>1 P""'I« i. ,i mila r to 2 Cltr 5:1i (and the >ourcc in I King> 8: 11). it> dir«' innuencc (on>c. fru ", thc Pe ntateuch:''''' 2 Otr 5: Ii read . "tnc prb" cou ld I ~)( ,t> could ,~ )( "'In: j ill' li ~e bod iO::!5 - ".nd \10"" (ould not min' "And the glo')' o f thc L OR" filkd thc , . ." (",bjcct follo~'ed b)' "crb) .pp e . r> in 2 Otr 7:1 . nd bod i O:.H. but not in 2 Chr 5: 1:1 or I King> 8: 10. It i, cI""r ,h .. thc Chronicla rdied. not on t he "'UfCC do,""" to him. but on the j'e ntatc lKh.1 "''')' in "rda to nl . ~e. f>Oi,", Ik ,,'i>},ed to KI""if~' 'he Temple and i ... fU llction; ~' i 'h t hc tabcntack of ""rl)' braditc hi"o')' :ond to depict ,he Tempk .., heir to the tabcm> >lrong in tenm of actual ~-ord i ng. ;, t he p:."agc dc>cribing ,he co"''''rat~>n of 'ho al tar in I..,,' 9:23- 2i .... Thi, de'CTip tion contain , 'he "' It >C three deme nt> ..

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2 Chr 7:1 - 3 - 'he fire on 'h ~ al .. , . t h~ glo"" of ,he l.ord. a nd 'hc p""pic :b ",i'nc»,,>: ", , _ a nd 'hc gio'1' of 'h" l.OR!> ap peared to all 'he I"'opic, And fore came forth fro m before the U )R" ",>1C. h o,,~,'cr _ 'he indirec' formula'ion : "'hc glo')' , , "pl" oa,«[ to (, m K'I"l)." "' he fir c (71 "l!l'iri)." n,e 'hird den",n'. ".11 'he peopic ... ~. (C"ICn ) i,: in. ,,,rk,)' of Pentateuch.l ",u rce", the i",'ance d o ",,, in ~'o rd­ ing '0 t he Chronklc> )..... go i> [':od 20: 18: ".ll 'he people pe"~i,'Cd (C'X' ) 'he t lm ndering., .nd 'he moun'ai " . moking.""" I\orncl" ('~= m~ n~ lN'''), The people " sc~" ' .001', pre>CrlCe in 'he de",,, SC\-" .. I ,imco in 'he eour>e o f 'he l'c ntateuchal rulmt'i"e_"" bu, the "'I",riellce Sinai;' unpar>.llcled in ito ph)"ical .. ~ [ p» 'chological immedi""y .nd it> impact on the e ",jre peopk. I, i, thi, experience ,hat the ChrOl,iclcr ,uperi ml"" '" on the ded ica,ion of Solomon'. ",mpic. hom h i, I",in' of ,kw. God', pre> hou",. "" In Chronick>. i, i, nO! OlJ)' God', name .. ,01 glol)' ,loa' in dica'e Hi. pl'C>coce in 'he Tempk: the ., 1 >en-co .. > furt her ""pre"ion of dilinc p",>cnce , 1 Chr l7: I- of (parnlkl ,,, 2 Sam 7:1- 5) m. kco the eonnce,ion bc'~'ccn y" "" ... d"'cili ng in 'he Templc a nd t he fac' 'hat 'he ark i. l cp< ,here_ To Do,-id'. "'ord>, "&hold. I d,,'ell ( ~111" ) in > hou>e o r cedar. bu, 'he art oj IN ("'~I".,"I of the 1.0 ... i> under a tent" (I Chr 17: I), "" God re'pond,_ "You .hall not build"" • (lkh_ ",hc · l hOll.e to dwell iu (11~;,7) "

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(I Clo, 17:-1 - 2 Sam 7:~). '" 2 Ch , 6:2 (I KinS' 8: l.~) ab o (k>crik, ' he Temple., God', d~·c ll i ng-pl .cc : "[ haye buill [hee. " exalted hou>e , • plx< for (h"" 10 dwell in ('V':;,7) for eYcr." n.c (onn<etion b<'~'cCc i, com'e)'cd in a quo""km (ro", a p>a lm: "And no,,' 0 1.>It" God. ,, ,,d go to th)" r,"inS" 1'1>« . thou ...,1 'he ark of (h)" might,''''' In ,he", p.... gc •. lk Chronkkr doc. "ot ,uPP" » an)' of hi. ;o,,,,c ",>lni.L nor he add '0 it. t\ncrthck., . it ""uk) = m th,,' he hok!> hi> ()~'n >pedal ,k". of the ark', role .. a n eXl'r,,,;o,, of di-

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,inc pre""",c. brl)" biblkallilna,ure connect, God', I" CKIKC in the ",,,ht of )m.d to (he ph )......1 p re",ncc of the ark in the camp."" The >tory of the dedi"",ion o f (he Temple in Solo mon ', <1:0)' ( in King. and in Chro tliclc.) '"'parnte • ., k from d il-inc P'C>CIKC and con,kkn 'he formcr l~ "h i ng more ,han a repo, i'or)" ror 'he 'ablel.> of 'hc la","" Ho"e,·cr. Da.-Kl', 'pecc h in D",mick> p,-,,>cnl.> a dilfaen, ",""" of lhe ark, The king d<.>elibe. hi. ~Ie. of building a Tcmple .. foil""",, "I h.d it in til)' h<art to b " ild a ho" ", of re" for tbe ark o[ the <",'en.,, ' of t be 1.0 "".• nd for the [00"'''01 of our God" (I Chr 28:2), Thi> ok<erip'ion make. ''''IT.. I impor"'''t poin" : (al T he principal rok of 'he Te mple i, to pro"ide ' hc ark ",'i,h a "h,,,,,,,, of re": a pamanent home,"" 11,i, ide. i, di,«tl), linked '0 D"id', "ord, in 2 Sam 7:2 (parallel to I Chr 17: 1). "I d..-cll in a home of «dar. but the .rk of God d,,'ell> in a 'en'" : 'he Temple ~.", to be b uilt in o"Ie, to ,",usc 'he ark for .1I time. 1 Cll, 21:19 .bo allim" ,hi, ,ok: ",-\ri>e ., ~l "". On , .... d,,,,,!,, 'rom I~ ""m a) _

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bu ild ,he ..,"'",. ....' of ,he U'R" God. KI 'hot ,he al l of ,he co,,,nant of (hc LOR" . " d (hc I~ )I)' YC,,,,,I> of God ma)" boo brongh( ;'''0 a homc b nilt for 'hc namc of 'hc U)k "," (b) Il ere. (he an- i> callcd ,he "(OOl>too]" of God. a nd thi> title " pre, >cn"." im lO,,,(ion , So: ho],r>hip h .. a>.!umcd - primaril)' ]>«"Ou>< of thc phrn>c -".. ho .il> cn(hroncd . hon 'he chcrubi m "'" a nd (hc in,crprcta· ,ion of Num 10:",5- :16 - t hat ancien' ],r><1 ..... thc .rk .. thc c mp( )' ,hronc or (001)'00] of Y "w",'" T h",. it ".., 'houSh' 'hat a n)' hihlic.] """" mcn 'ioni ng God', "(001)'00]" rcfarcd '0 'hc ao k.'" Th i•. h",,', c,·cr. i, no( t hc C.>c . Wc >cc (rom 'hc ..,ua] (ontc xt, (h" God', foo.,(ool i> thc c n,ire Tcml~c, no' thc ark.'" In p, 132:7 - - Lc( n, go dwell· ing pl>tool" arc perfectly parallel. P. 99:5 ("Ex'ol 'he Lo"" our Go d: ""oroh ip a( hi, f"",,-,,0011 Hol)-' i, loci"), alth ough no' uncquil'OcaL >cem, (ie>erihc 'he people ~'or>hippin g (li'crall)'. p,-""r.uing ,hetn>d,·c. ) .. (hc Tcmpk, no'" (he ark. The repc'ition of the refrain in ". '1- "b'ol (he Lo o.. '"'' God. and ....o"hip a' hi. hoi)' mOlln,.in, for (he LOR .. our God i. ho l~'I" .nd t hc pamlle];,m boo(",'<en "hi, f()o.. (",~ " and "hi, hoi)' "",.m.. in" p ro,ide the expl,na,ion '0 "ene 5.''' Lam 2: 1 - " fie h .. l do",." from he-dyen '0 earth (he >pkndOll r of ], md : he h", no' rc nlC mhcred hi, foo( ' boo undcr>tood in ,he .. mc >tool in 'he da)' of h i, a ng«" - dead)' i, .... ar.' '' In all the"" pa».gco. YflIl'll" foo"'oo l i> the Tcmple .. a ~'hok,

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I Ch , 28 :2. which dClCribc. t t.< " t, no' 'h~ Te m pk . ., C"kl'. foo"'oo l. i. ,hu, a n innOl-,.,i,,,,. In ligh ' of 'he do", wnol .nd 1'..10" In.''' i, no,)" t.< ,ha' ,hi. inno..-atio" ",ryed a po kmkal pur· po""" The p "l m', "("""'001" i. ' he T< mpk. and y " "",, Him ",lf ~'ill d,... ell ,hcre: ' ~'or ' hc LOR!) h.. d ,o",n Zion : he I.. , de,ired i, (o r h i, habi ' at~'" (" ~~\"J' ): 'Thi, i> m)' r<>li ng pb ee for el'c" herc I ~;II d",ell (: ;:>K). for I ha ve d c.ired it"" (P. 1:12: l j - 1-1 , . 1>0 I', 8). In I Ch r 28:2. the i, "the foo t.>lool of 0 '" Coo" . nd 'hc TempI.- iu re>ting·pL>ce." " (c) Thc image of 'IK- ark. Cod', foou,ooI . ",-,'ing in 'IK- Tcmplc affirm, ,ha' Y" ,," H i. ' igniflea n' t t.< Tc mp k ma)" be in w m p.ri,<m '0 God Hi,nsclf,'" We ,'i,ua liLc 'he ' ''bjce', p ro"'aling ,hen" cI,'" befo re 'IK- throne. All t h .. ' he)" "'" i, il> fooutool. b u, the king" prc",nee i. fel, none,hcle» , an d 'here i. no ,~ ) ub, ,hal Hc . i.. upon fIi. ,h roll<, lI'i'h 'he fool> tool t here. d " ; ,,,, prc>C'Ke i> rcal. , ~ )( merel)' ,net'phorie.1. "" Acconl ing '0 Chronicle.!. ,hen. 'IK- Tem ple rcprc>C nu . . nd forc' m,,,' . God ', >cnu in the m _h, of Hi> P<'1'ic . Whatcyer h'ppen> 'here h'ppen> "before Him " - "'0 Hi. bee," Ye. Ch ronicle> i> 'he o nl)' buol '0 deli ,," 'he Tc mp le .. a "hom.e of ...«iflcc" (n::-r n':l ), y "",,,', rc'po me to So lo n ~'" begi"': "I h.,·c heard )'onr P''')'''. and h al'e eh,,"en ,h i, I'l.:tcc fo r m)'>clf ., a hou", of "",r iflcc· (2 Ch r 7:1t).?" God rca '0

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wh .. Solo",on h" .. id . b,,, in doing 00. fk introduce., wmpletel)' 0><"" clemen' , In h i. pra)"er. Solomon ne,u """"ion. sacrifice> or .. I.:> 'h>< God ",eept the oHerin g> of IIi! pcopk: in fa«. he ignore, the Temple', rit· ual func,ion.= Yet. in 2 Chr 7:1ff.. God ,n>we" S<~o",on., if 'he lau er had >ought di" inc ' ppro",.! of ' he Temple., •• itc of .ocrifidal ...-o"hip . .\Ior",)\"er. God m,k. me of 'he root "choo"," (,''TU) in Hi, re.pollle. n,e phr.»ing of "I h ..'e chmen thi. place" ... ".:"ement. .., wdl '" the j'''' "'p'"ition o f "< of y ",,,,,', choke i, "to m,ke hi. n3me d...-ell ,here: where .. ill Chronklco. 'he pl>cn "., > hOll,"" o f sacrifice ," Sinee the Ch ronicler hi,,»df deKribe. th e Tomple .. > ho" ", buih foo- ,he n .me of y",,,,,. it i. cle" 'hat h i. i n t ~n ' io " ill thi. pa».ge i> no' pole ,nicil: he meld)' "i.he. to ["med)' ""loa, he con .ide" .n omi»ion. Tho ",me .",.. rene» of "''''ion of 'he al' ar', con>c dc>cribe. the Temp le', f, m«ion .. 'he iom, of .;ocrifocial ri'U.l.1witlk~" .pedfic.lI)" '0 flu"m: "Behold. I am about '0 build a home for 'he ""Ole of the !..ok" m)' God and dedicate it to him for the Imrn ing of in· ceme of ,,,,'ee' . pice. before him . .. II'ho.m 1 to bui~1 a hou>o for him. <xcCJ~ .. a pLx< to ]~un iocenx before hi",," (2 Ch. 1:-1-6 [Ikb. :\- 5]). 11,i. letter 'pe« of .> ,lenicd outright. ' , incc h",,''Cn. ",'Cn highe" hoa,'c». m ,,1d n'~ co" "'i ,, hi",. \\'ho ,m I to build, ho" ", fo. him . except., . pLxe I" ]~"n in( cn>c before loi n,;" The ph""'" "to burn itKen", befo.e hi","'" 'ppear> at 'he hqinning , nd at thoe e",] of the kt· ter to .um up the Temple'. p rincip.1 rule: '0 >e n 'e., the ,i'e of "",rifod.1

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wo"hip in oecord"ncc wi,h di,k.e conn",ndmcn (;. Sincc 'hi> ,",o"hip ".. ill be "belorc him." God', pn:>encc in 'he Temp le i, ,. l en for ~nted, Po "ra)'in~ 'hc Temple :u a plxc of ritual .ocrilke comple ment> it> (Ie",ript ion .. a hou.e of p,,)·cr. T he Chronicler dcw. p.. )'" ,nd sacrifice .. two .ide> of 'he ~lIloe crifice" (2 Chr 7:12). ',he PC'"")'cr tha, i. made in ,hi. plOlCe " (~ Chr 7: 15) ~'ill he heard. 'nn,,_ Chronicb uprc.",. 'he ide> of dh-inc pracocc in the Templc in. number of W,)-.. >ome innucnccd b)". ""iet), of biblic:ol "raUl. IO",e ne~' l r-formu L:"ed , Approach" ""nnning from differen,. ,,-en "PPO>ingot>' curren" arc fOllnd ,ide b)' .ide ~-i'hin the book. at ,ime.> ~·i'hin. continuo<>. te" ,"'" Thi. di,,, .. it)" i> c h>r .. tcri>lic of ,he Chronklcr'. 'piri",,1 ~·orkl."'" From. phik)"'!'hical or mtiorulli>tk I>oint of ,-ieK the ,,"~ om appm""h'" c,-,:ate. «"ain te n.ion : )'ct no elfort;, ,,,,,(k ,,, h,nnonil( ide", or c'IT}' ,hem ,,, 'heir "Iogic:ol" conch"io,,,, 1I.ing n>an)' image. '0 com'e y \''''1"11'' prc>n al ~--'y. .\fore imp"""ntlr. ,hough. i, ,ho~" 'hat ,he experience of God'. pre>cnce wa, p"~'crful a,~1 ,ure. he'}' im.ge made 'hat experience . 11 the more real: none could begin to cap tUl'C i, f,!l Ir-

H.

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'n" idea th.t '.od d"ell, in he",-en i, cxpre»c<1 a number of ,illle.! in Chronicb. fir" . "d fOl'Cmo" eigh' time. ~'i'hin Solomon ', ptarer. ~'hich ;, """I"»(d aion"," ,'er!»,i,n from King" "re • . h e>, th,,,, fro", he.,..", "'... _&< ,,. ,"" , .""'" , wHI

br.ng '0 md""l'"""" .... n. .00 m>k ,I><m jo,~u' In

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<0""""" of th< ''''''''. ""d f..-,I-.< o f " ' " G,.t ___ Rot God ",," '" " "'. 'lio. """ ... h.I•• w.... fo< .......,: " TI ..,. boo 0( u",f< ",,' ..- , ''''''''-r 0( ,.-<1 .. ,_01 "'If'" If", <=up!<..." " Ol". L'....,,,,h"f"" , p. '4 0, ,,",,0. " I. "'... _(:1'""0 ', d"",,,,, ,M, d;'·"",,'. ..... "'I!h I>< """,, no< ..... ,.,.. ;, ;n .leUll 'n ,I-.<

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'h)" tI~'elli Olg p lace' (2 Chr 6 :21), "" God', re'pon,e ' 0 Solon",n in ' he >ame p " .. ge . 100 contai", 'hi.! ide a_The 'ext .ppc.n onl)" in Chro Olicico . • I,MuSh boIh >I)k and con'en' .re dependen' o n K i n ~ : ",hen I ~ill he ... from heaven" (2 Chr 7: H).'" Originall)"_ 'here mu>1 h,,'e been a j~>k mi­ cal re...,n for emph»i' ing >0 "run~l)' - in 'he con'ex' of 'he dedica,ion - ,loa' \,,,,,,,, ', "d~'elling place" i. in f.ct in 1",,,'<" a "d nOl in the Tcmple. '" Thc Temple i, ",here peopk pr"),' fro m i" 'hdr pra)'c" n><: 1<) heaven, Tha' i> ""here pra)'er> arc 1",.,,1. Ho"ner. 'he re~-()r king th at Solomon', p",),cr "nder",en' ill ''''' book of Chr<", icb ""eakened it> pokm",a1 ,hru>I .nd :Kcen'ua'ed the d irect link i>c,,,,'cc n God', d~-dling in heaven a nd 'hc hearing of pra)'er. Onl)' in Ch ronicks d o ~'e fond ,hi, e,,~ pha,i,,, part of 'he di" ine re, p'''''c: ",hen I ~ill hear fro m he>l·en." In ,I=c 'e."_ depen.kn, on Klure"," in King'. God', d~-dli " g in heaven i, conncc'ed 'he d edication of 'he Temple. Chroniclco co ntai", • fe",' OIher reference. ,hi. ide •. a nd 'he)' arc ,",,,all)' ",i'hin 'he » me ')'pe of con'ex" ' hc hearins of p,.,,)'cr, When 'he Temple " .. mledi",,'ed in He,d iah', ' imc . "''''' prb" . nd 'he Le,i no' rccorded: .... ther. ,hi. ,hor' narra,ive e".bli,hc,_ in wording remini>ccn' of Sok",,,,n', p",)<:r. 'hat it "'" he .. d 1>;' God_ 1'1", pm)'er of 'he prie'" a nd l.e,i'e. demon>tratc' 'h>! 'he "";, h npre»ed b)' Solomon ~-'" ac,uall), rcali«d in 'he life of ' he people.'"

'0

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t:,._ ....-.J ..I ,,, , K'''l!' . :"'_ Tht "'........,,"'''' .." , Chr 8 :23, "'. t7. "'. "

, "-'. ".49_ Th.' , ~,, 'om 'n o.rono<..- thou ,,, h""'<',, (0.,..,,)." "!"rt f,om , ~.ng' ' ::»0 - ..... ,hou On h<" ... 'hy dw< ='1"Om ,,," t 6,n." "from ...... ~n (0"""",.)"; """ ~"'p..t . [", eJo"",d . p . ... ~ _, '- TI>< ""PO<»< ,,, 'IoIomon I I ~'"I!' n _9 _ , 0., ' , l~_t'l " ..... n......... od_ ;n 0."",0<1<0 {H:>- l'l. in "00<1. God g;= It ;, ""n p«<" 0( -..on', p")~'_ &< Rooo'ph, eJo ........ I'!'_ to. e,, _.'1«- U .. I ~h, ,\t,I,. ki·P;".-''''. It, p. '"', "'" ... ~.•, p. '>:I.

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Abo from Ik,-crif>'~>n a",>can in 2 an 28 :'-1: "but ),on ,1>.ill ,he ,n in • ragc I ",'hi(h h .. rcached up '0 hea.-e" (ll ~ "ll";1m l"l~ C"1lv?'P 'j:nJ): Thc .bmp' 'r'.tax of thi> ","'ence i> mther <.>b>curc and u,"~' from an .ltemp'" a loft)', poetk "yle. It i. not clear "'hat h", rcachcd "I' hC""en: 'hc "gc of ,t.< br""litc killcr:> of thdr J ndean brot hc,,'" or thc deed il>Clf. dcu,a lld ing relrihntion,to< In ei,hcr c»e, thc ,,-ord. ",-,,,me that "h.tncr rC>c he. he,,'cn rcache> C(~I alld elicit> IIi> rca«k>n . ."ot on lr do p"rcn and outeric, reach )",,,,,n: it i, f",m hc.ycn thal 'hc comco, T"o pa-'''g<> eo ,>en·c .. illu"rd'~)Il'. /lo,h arc addi,io", ill Chronklc> ,'orico origi""ing in Samuel - KinS" '" I Che 21:26: "An,1 ll,,·id ... eallcd upon ,t.< LORI>. and t.< .",...-cred h im ""i'h firc from hc,,'e ll "I",n t t.< alt.r of burn' offc,;ng," 2 Cltr 7: I: "Whcn !>olo",on had end«1 hi> pra)'cr, firc ",mc do...-n [rom hC'dyen and eo",,,,"od thc burn' olfc,;ng all d 'hc ,,,,,,;fice-,," Hrc from hc",'cn i, an an,,,,..,, to h"",.n p "ree. l'hc ,·c')' ""ording of I Chr 21 :26 por' ",), firc "'. rr-,po'uc: "hc ''''''''oml him ""ith firc" ~~ l1Ill'"l, III 2 Chr 7: L thc firc dc>olomon', "''OI'd,.• • ign 'hat 'hc)" hal-c bcton acccpted b)' Cod,'''' God', dwcllillg in hc. yen i, mentioned in a d iffcr< n t (onte" in OllC othcr 1"''''-1«' in Chronklc>. In 2 a" 20:6, ""C read. ".rt ,hon no' Cod in hea"cn? Do" ,holl rule oyee all thc ki"g<~>n" of the nat;"n,?" 11,i. "cn-c i, -""mc,hing of, d cclara'ion of faith: t.l-~n" ek,,,te> Y"'..... bo,·c the ",'odd ,nd e ' prc"c, Hi, omnipotent rule OI'ce i,,''''

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Tt.: "'.,-'" ""~, =mbk> ,.. " " ,~ 11'" _ ."".. ,,", ;, 'n 'h< h<"·.n,, "', "''''' ~... ""." 1>< P"""" - ~ hoCh «pi" HOy "nb , • • ,-, """"uk om .. po«"''' '0 "" 1""""" '" Ion,·
'n ,e b c' ,hal y lll.... d ~·d h on high doe. no' confi ne h im ' 0 he",'c n, anonicb ""n" nil> Soloonm,', pokmic.J "md . in 'hcir original con, 'ex'. ·Bcl~)kl . he ",'en'" .nd 'he highe" 1\<.,-.:" C.ll no' conta;" ,hee· (2 Ch r 6 :18).• n,1 re peal> ,he ,n i" ano, her con' e": · 1I,a ~' ho i, able '0 build him a home. ,i ncc heal'CIL ",,-en h igh"" he,,-,-en. cannot co" tain hi", " (2 Chr 2 :6 [Ilcb , 2:5]), Scholar> ha\'c often """ ",ed ,h al de>cribing I'IlI"" '" "God in he ,,'en' or "God of he",'e n' ind ica' e> a" incrc..,ing >eme of Hi, di"ancc .• n e,,~ pha.i> of H i. 'ran>c in di"ancc i> onl)' phpkal, 'I\cncc in hea,'en ",,,"'e. to e"'ph..,i/" Hi. rule ol'er 'he ",'orld. 1h>' God d,,'cl l. in he.'·(n e'pre>>< •. ' OOI'C alL h i> ,up.-c n=)' and o mnipo'ence. no' hi> di,,, nce. "TI,cre i, no If"p or >epara'ion be'wccn Hi", . nd hu ",." bch' g>: from he.,'en. He mb them and ""~'e" (hcir pr"re". ",

"'0"

P''''S''''

I' '/1" H./alio>1jh;p iHlwm, Y,,\\n and 1M P'op/' of I.ra./ n ,e book of Chronicle>;' ba>cd on 'he , »u"'plion ,hal Yll \l'll i> God and rukr of the ~·o r~ 1. re' it h I'll\l'll" irkn ti '~' "God of ],,,,cJ ' hat d() m ~ 'he book', concept of God , Ho,,' arc ,he.., ("0 ide .. - I'll \l'll i, ruler of the en tire ,,'orkl .nd i, (he God of h rad - rdated? Il.,'k!". 'pecch in I Chronicle> 29 . ndJeho,h.ph at'. pr-'yer in 2 Chronicle. 20 pro" irk .n .",,,'cr Il"" id bc-gim hi, bb,ing in (h i, ""ar "BIe"""I . rt ' hou. 0 I-')R" (,,,,,I. (he Go d of Im.d our father. for eyer .nd e,-or, TI\ine. 0 LOR", i. (he greatne ... a nd the po~'er , , . forall 'hat i. in 'he he",'cu. and in (he c. " h ;, th ine: 'hine i. 'he king(iom. 0 Lo ~ ", , and ,hou ruic.>, ol'cr.lI" (I Chr 2<) : 1G---12), Jeho.h aph", "p , '0 LOR " . Gotl of 0 '" fa t he ... art ,hou n'" God in he .,'en? Do" ,hou no( rule o,'cr a ll the kingdo",. of the nation> ., ,. (1 a ,e W:6). Each doc. more (ha n in l'Okc 'he name of y",,,,: he .dd, .n ep i( h c< ind icat ing II i. e"en,IaI nature., God of bmd. Bo,h

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",., 'n H ' .......', 0 .. " ;, no;" ;"! 1>=0" ", of o.plogr.pI?', t .... moe.houId r<>.d " "'""", .. Lt ,..." .. , R;,>g' . ,", _ "." Rudolph. CO",.d. p, 21' ,

, ,' '- ,'",- , ..mplo", ".., cJ.,o,""",, ('..,.j aM r"",,u, p, "'' ,12, ,:on,oX" ,.... _"'''' of ..,,1m 1 ,,: - The !f oo." k "'g to """~:oJ 1 "-',. ,"', :ond to;, gIo"l' . bow ,.........,~". ! ,I><- Ln." om C~ .. , ~-t.,;, " .... , ,., o",to, ~ I .., f ..- "'",'" uf>"" ,he ,.... ,.'" :ond , ....., ..' 0' It< ,.,," ,I><- 1""" from , .... d .. L, •

w,..", ,;.,.

pr=n. a p rim~ dofln i.km of I'"", ,,: Ik i, "God of 1"",,1" 0' ' C,, ~I of 0 '" fat;'o ... ," l'ho p ra~..,,.. .hon go o n 'don'if)' Ii i", .. Cod of.1I 'ho ~"OrkL and ,h •• add, '0 'hdr effiC:" T 'ho k.ng of I>,.d', p ... )' from 'h at of all)" o, ho, l ing or peopk bceau,o onl)" 'ho G",I of I,.-ad i, G",I of .ho onlir< ,,'orkl. Wo >co .hat ,hi, line of 'hinling i, unumal ~'hon we co"'p.r< i,.o .ho "k,,' fou lld d",,,'hao, For ~< 'hdr d nconda " l> af'orlhom. )'ou abo,'o . 11 pcopb . .., ,h., d a( (IO:J.I - IS), Ac ,ha' in· h.b., ., - bll' Ho f.,-oured I" .. cl and it> foref.,hor:> .nd cho", " ., pe()pk. The limita,lon or ""rro"in g implied b)' .ho rda,lon,hip be,,,'C. ho,,' O\'C'- begin , "'i'h 'hi> 'pecial connoc,ion: i> fi" , .n,1 forcn",>! 'he Cod of 1,,><1. and h., .-da •• omhip ,be rC>t of the ..-orld ,herefore broadc"" flO, rok, The Cod of j,,,,d', .1", ruk,of all 'he "',,,Id. TI", (o,moction be'W«ll 1'"",,, and 'he peopk of I>rad it emph ..i ",,1 'hrough 'he u'c of languago. Apart from ,i", op •• h«, "(,~>d of ;'r>el" all d 'Cod of our fa,hen." nlC,>t "riling arc 'he po>>n!"" form found in 1>rad', p",)-.:r, ("'he LORIJ m)' Cod: "our Cod." a nd ><> fonh ''') and 'he dc>cr'p"oll of 1,,><1 ., I'm""', p«>pk. '" What. 'hen. ,ic'aminod or de,cnn'ne, ,h., n:la,ion,h.p be,,,'Cpk a nd ib Cod? b t l", connec,ion defined, a nd if., it . h o~' j, i, defined?

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t " ...... "'''' """, " . 19 _W: · R""...... "", 1""-' ,a, up )ow < ,un .M ,,'" moon , .... , .... ,'m , .. ~h ~h ,bo I""" l"'" God 0 .. "'"", ... (o.at , .... I"""f"<' uOO<' ,i-.< ~'I """ ",,""pJ<- <>< o.n p"''''', ........ "-'y.: ..... "', ,,-"'. eH. ·"r e. ..• _ I e.h , I ""'; ",''; "U '; ""7: ""', 'I'~'~<) , 17: teN H I""" .. "'" tU9. w: I.:". ·Ow- c. ",· _ I c.hr " '2,': ,-,. j, ; '.:11: ' 901" ""'~,": "" ,"" '6: 2 ch , ~A, , I'k . .. " "); 1" 10. II : 10. I , 1"""__ O. 101; 10,,: ro", j,; n o: ,",", I '- .,'"", i"ng,1e...• _ I Ch, 11,~: IN' 11kb .. j9): or" II, 12: ~ <:h, 9 ,.: l tl,7 . • y, .. , IpI.1 nod· _ I Uu ".",", 19; . "'": ""'W, "Ch, W''-'<>: ""'; ."jO; XI,., 9:]t:',1. l5; "" , ."" ( ... . _ 2 CN j :, : I,,", " ("cb.. ,. 10): l5.'>; W,'" "",16; ""', ]I,W, tl: ~" ., It. 23, "Th.. , e~· _ " c.h , " ,6 ; ~ , ," , 'n,",,,,,, ,J", Chronk"'r .. "" h', ."m", I Ch, 11:10 _. s"., ":17:" ct., 1, ,2 I""".. IH) _ I ~ ; n~ 1',11 " Chr '""" _ . ~ ; n~ on:,: 2 Ch, "'" _ e K'ng> 2]:,17: t ch , ",,1, _" KOng> 21: ,., t". Tbo '-onl',]>«>pJ<- _ 1 Chr 1':2t: 2 <:lu 2]: I •. - ",- p«>pI<. _ I Uu II,t, 17:6. 7. 9. '" , e.h , 1: II: . " . 6, 7,1,'. 14, ·n,· p«>pI<' _ I e.h, 1,:n "'" 21: 17: >9:17, '": t Ch , I: 10: 6 ," '. a "', ". ,", ". ". W, W,7 , .,,', ]>«>[>1<. _ j Ch, .. :~; 2t: '": t ",",: " Chr 2;11 I ) leb. •• : I 0); ' 1... 10: ,,: I ': " " : "" ", I., "'.

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In ,he Bibk , ' '''0 p rincip >! con«p" define 'he rel"io n, hip be'",een God and hrad, (n-.:l ) ,hc",""",. or dec,ion (~''TC). " . T he (onc<\" of (01'<1",11 delermine. lhe ,,"ure of ,]", rel>'iomh ip_ and lhe (onceI" of cto"" ",e" de",rihe. ho,,' Io",d """, 'ingkd oul .. partner lhe w,-enanl, '" The [u lla , cxprc"kon of booh concepti appea ... in formalil-e <'-enl> in 'he peopk'. e>rl)' h;,lor)'- I>",d', ek",ion i, ,no.1 dearl)' in the miraculo", ddll·er.'Ke from [101" . ~'hen ro.'ealed fIj • • pecbl regard for lhe people; 'he purpo,e of eic,,'ion "'-., tho <"'ahli.hmen' of lhe «",'en.,,' a' S in.i. A< of hi>lor-,-. n,neaflCr. bol h p"rti",.rc com ,ni",d 1o a pernoa ne ,,' cOl·cu.n,al n,lalioll>hip, 11,e mo>l explid' expre»ion of ,hi. ide. 'ppear> in [)cuterono",),!" which e mph» i''''' lhe follm',ing a,p'' ''' ' (]) 'he b»i. for broc!'. ek",;"" w.. 'he f'l'Ourcd pO.iliol> of lhe pa";'rc],,, (2) lhe h(> from Egypt (Oll>t ilu'ed 'he (oncrCle ""pre»io1> of the "''''>! chomi ng of I.mel; P l 'he rC\'eblk>n at Sinai ~-'" 'he ceren!On,' ,ha' fom,.li«d 'h, co,-en.Ill,

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",,,,.,.,,.,,.: fkh.-oo" "" " •• "'pI<. 'n" , t.< ...... 0.",,'c oon' ., ,t.< b"k """"pO ","",J"! "'" "".,;",,,h;p ""'~'ffn nod ond 1m.' f"xu ,I>< ' ;m< "f _"""', on. " . dHr"..." ,I>< ;"'ond"'" .... ,• ..," Y"w" _"., ,, ;, p« _b" M_ Wd"f.".""". TlJOT. n. "" - 279; l:. ~u'"h. !',..vw.""' .... ,,,,,,,- V"",.....-h • .,.,. , • • _ ..."". -~ •• ,C i • . T","""" , ""-'W, ill ( [9"). t! ,_ Th< ' ''''''"'t''''' ....""" .1«,.", .00 "" .... '" " >!"DI'"", .. ...,,, .·;,h '=ling OCW"'" oX .",ph» ;, . Ro_"" 1><,;"", "'" " "'j' ..., "",«I bu, b)' "" no",,", "'''' _nd ,t.< " """ IIMe>·",l o! ,I>< '" [;gi<'u, ""'''' _·h"h t.< d«,1on oX ''''"'''' ''''', ,m""'" ,t.< .,till;", ""," , 0<. ""~.,," I><'~'<< <1«';"" 0< " .... n';", p«opI< _ . .- ("' 1m""" f" cb.). En. u . ,17). t!"_ ,\ Jt"'-'ugh ,t.< f",' ,"".." . 0< (,"",', "<1"",,0< {""'I ond '''''''l!' ,00",n', ;n "nH< .-- ,..", doc. not 'f'P<"i .,. ,"'." d"d .. ." <>1"="'" of ,h ', '''''''pO. ""~rtt.
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(i) 'he couun.nd men" alld Ia,,'. ",,,'e .. ' he cO\..:n.n,·, condi,io"" in I"'rl"''''i')"o''' Chronielc.>· l~"i'io n on ,hi, r. ngc of ide", rem.in, '0 be >em: how doc. 'he boot u nde" .. nd 'he rcla'ion,h ip bet,,'ccn God and 'he I"'0ple of !>r.d?

,I. Ch",rnnm In ' he lIible. ,he ro<~ , '1tJ h", the meaning "0 choo",,:'" "'hk h compri>c, ,h ,ee clemen": (I) ditferenti.,ion - "'pa~.. ting a 1'''-' from the "'hole, (2) p reference - 'he de.ired .. oppmcd '0 'he u nde>ircdo P) m;',ion - .Olne,h ing;' preferred bcJ, be exp rc,,,,,d "'ith o,her ,'eri» , ",n" ... tion> of fa\'Ouri n g .nd 'pedfi< fu nction .• nd ,hu> ".., f, nd in Gcll 1:7: ".-\nd G"d mack 'he finna ment and "fMmud (m "l) the ~.. 'e" ,,-hich were nnder 'he firmamen t from the ~'a'cr-. ""hkh were .hoo'e 'he for",.men t ," T he ,'e ,b> ~ '';':N. ?''Wn.• nd P' " indica,,, f'''lUr. hut l ~" "'paration. Onl)" the roo' , '1tJ combine> the", clemen ... : ",me, hin g i, preferred . nd ""p ..-.ted from 'he "'look for a 'I>ccific p nr· All bib li<,..1 """", of elec,i"" h,,-.: ' hi> 'neaning: the choo.ing of 1s"",1 from among the nation> '0 be y",,,,'. people. the dooming of Jc-ru»km ou' of all 'he citk>., the Temple .ite. and >0 on, Chronicle. of the ,'",b "n O ",nfo,n" '0 gene,... 1bihlical ",age . nd ;, linh d to ,I\c fo ll o~i ng object>: (I )je,usalem and 'he Temple (1 Chr 6 : ~ 6. 34. -'8: 7: 12 , 16: 12: 1-': -'3:7): (2) (he l.e,-i,,,, ( 1 Chr 1~:2o 2 Ch r 29: II ): (~) D.,'id and (he D.-'idie d,.".,,,, (I Chr 28:i---. in parallel "'x'" from 'he Iku(aonomi,(ic of King •. '" 1»' "O<'an> of 'he ".ne in an o,igin. 1p ' ... gc . tld

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" in""", the 'I>ccial choo> ing of the Temple, "Then 'he LORI) .ppc.. cd '0 Solomon __ . and ... id to hit", ' J h.,-" h",<\ rOUF pr"rcr. and no", ,arum Ihi> {lid" jor .. a no"" of_rift" ... For n"", I h~", ,arum and ,,,,,y . ("(al," thi> hou>< 'hat Ill)' ,,,"',, mar he 'here for nor'" {2 0., 7:12- 16), I King' ~,:l rc. d> : "And 'he 1.i)RI> ," ~i 10 him. ' I ha,,, he.,d r(~lr prayer ••• J Iia,~ ,-""",raW ,hi, home ~'hi on1)" men lion> the co tl>c<,ar;on of 'he home. whorea. Chronicle •• dd, it> cho> dual I""T")" " (he intcn(kd .""rifie;'] rune.io" of 'he ch",c n hou>c j, '''c.» i. ,hift< n!> a derek1,m,,," in the ide . o f ,ho",nne» ,'i!-h i, J<"'>alem and the T, n,plc. lkuteronom)' ,[>C.b on l)' of ',he pb(e ",hieh tite LoRt) lour God ~' i ll ehoo>< ou' of .11 j'u,u !rille' '0 1'''' hi, name . nd make hi> habitatiOl' therc ." ... itho,,, :Ktuail)' n.m ing the p lace ,'" Ikuteronom;,t ic h;'tor~>gr.lph)' 'ool it for granted that Jcru.>alem "'" intended and made thi, cleor 1»' altering the ",ordins from "the place ' to "the ci')," or "JeruSlllem,""" lIeca """ 01 thi, .." uml~ 'ion, King. applk. the concep' of cito""nne" to the cit), of Jeru,alem. ,~)( the Temp le ,''''' Ho~'e,'Cr, Chronicles «""n, the origirutl idea a nd >t.-e»a that the chme n ph(c .... , in fact thc Temple. rnh-ins the Ikuter· onom ic fon nula. "the pl:>ce ~'hich the LoRtJ "ill (hoo>e."which ap[>C"~ in o,mnick>.,"I. " h..·c c,""", thi> place,"'" (2) Although not found in the >O: (a) I Chr 15:2: "for the 1.01<" cho,", thcm to carl)' the .. ~ of the LOIn> and '0 ,,,ini>!er ,,, him fo r CI'''."

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(b) 2 Chr 29: 11: ·,he LO RlJ I". ch01Cn j"(~ ' to "arK! in h i, p rc>ClKc . '0 m in i>tcr '0 him. a nd (0 he hi. m ini,'en and bum inccn>< (" h i",: TI,e n.caning or "Levi«," in 'he,", l"""'ge, and in Chronicks '" a whoic i, a « )I1(n)'>'e"ial i" "e. h ' h e word n>cd in a nam M .,,,,,". refer· ring o nlr 'he nOlll'ric"lr me mbe" or (h< tribe or Levi.""' or in il> bro,d"r ",e""i "l(, (icno 'i ng all Il",,,,be,, o f ' hc tribe. incl uding pric,l>?'" ' I, >Cen" ,,, me ' hat 'he ' ~'o ",,,an ing> a ppear ,i(ic br ••k ill Ch ro nick> and can ""I)' be d i"ingui,h"d in w n« x' ,C'O' 'n,e . bon arc , cla«d '0 , ahhollgh no' an e",,<[ quo,,,ion of, Den( 10:8: .,'1.1 'hat ,ime 'he Lo on ,," " p art t he ,ribe of l,n i '0 carry' ' he .,k of (he co,.-" ,,.n' of 'ho LURn , '0 "and before 'he l.o. n (0 m ini'Ie' '0 h im and ' 0 bb. in hi> n. me . ' 0 (h i, da,,: n ,e IllO>1 no ,iceab le differe ncc i, ' he u>c o f (he ,'c l b ·choo"," in· "~ad of ·sc' ' 1'.. ,," ('),'1J), ·Choo"," doc. appear in De n ( 18:5 a nd 21:5 ~i 'h refercnce 'hc prico",'"' In I Otr 2~:13 . • "" ap" "" d e>cr ibe. (he ",Icc, ion of 'he prico!> alo"e: ",-\al'On ,,-a; apar'- ho and hi. >on;. for· ,,'or. ,,, bc con!lIe",ing> in Hi, ,,,me for",-c," {l'-:J PS}, fk'pi« 'he ,i m i!.u i'r, lhi. ,'one. like (he '~'o abo,'e. d oa no' >cem to be di· fOel lr d ependen' on fku , ]0:8, "'" The re",,,,bLmcc be',,"een 'he ,'eroc, in Dlronicks ,nd r"nnubc dCKribing 'he elec,io " o f (he pries" and I.e· ,i«. in ])e ,""r""o",),. ho ..'e,-er gre., ...'., no ' (he rcoult o f ",migh ( bo,' ro"'ing,"" It m ar be ccrtain >lock for m ulae . • uch '" "0 >!and before 'hc LORn: "'0 mi n;,«r '0 him .· a nd "'0 p r<>nou ,loCc ble .. ing, in hi, ",m"

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for e,'or." .Iread)' ""i"ed, the "Ti'er then ",k<1ro the ph""". appropriate '0 hi. parlicubr con'ut and outlook_Ikpcnd ing on hi, in'en,ion. t he 'Ubpl could al", be ch.n ged: prie,,,, I.ni'e •. or.1I me,nbe" of the tribe of l.e,i "T<. c· (" 70) i, u>cd in an unn:>trictcd f"'hion. "'hen dcmanded b)' ,be p"rlicubr context, PI '17<, (AooJlng oj IkwuJ .. kin g of I>"el;, mcnt ioned in Chro " icko' ",urea (I Kin~ 8:16 - 2 Chr 6 : ~ - 61. hut 'he Chro"ickr goc, on to de,dol' 'hc .ubp, more full l'_ ,h,-.renc" of ])"'id', ehoocnne» i. il lt e",~ firo . nd;' extended to hi> >on Sololll''''. on one hand. and to h i, fa tn il)' and the en,in: tribe of J udah, on 'he o,her, t->.rro"ing t he cooice do,,-n to Solomon i, de>cribed., one ..:ketion aha ano,heL e mpha.i'i ng t he le>trictk", inheren, in the proce,", of ing: "foe he eloo..: Judah .. kader. alld in the hOc, and .mollS ml' f. ,her', """ he tool p lca>ure in til< '0 make me l ing O\'er all Im.d .~nd of .11 ",)',on> . ,he 10 .. coo""n Solomon m)' JOn" ( I Otr28:4 - 5). TI,e pro , how clearll' that the ",'o,d w", curren' in a ,-.rict)' of . " d >en'cd the Chronicler', pmpo><> in. ",,,,,b,,, of ill the bool of Chronicle>.""' Gi''Cn ,h i. COllUPt'. cent..-.. Ii'r to the bool of De u'ero ,,,,mr. a lccogni/.ro innuence on Chro" ick. in OIher re,I'«<>.'" ., well., Chronicle>' lundamental ,»uUlption of a.pc-d>! rciation>hip bet,,'een " od al,d the people. th i, ab,ence i, p "'1ling indeed, ~101«l''CL not onl}' i, tbe concept of Iorae!', cho",nne .. om itted (""hich ca t"'''' be ",erel)' a.ce~ i ental). it would appear 'hat i, ruu nen becn ,u),I"-':'>«1. The Chronicler loa> ddetro. e >< h in • different ",.n ner. the t..,o refcrcnu. fOll"'! in h i, ",u,ceo:

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(0) I King> ~:8 - <J: "And ,h)' .,,,,,,n' i. ill 'he mid" of ,h)' p"ople who .. Ih"" /unl eM"". a gre., people. ' h at cannot he numhered or (oun ted for muhi",de, GiI-e ,h)' .,,,,,,n' ,herefore .n undcr" . nding milld, " ~ Chr 1:9- 10: "0 LOIn> God , k"h )' p romi", '0 D,,'.1 m)' b,her he no,,' fulfilled. for 'hou h.>l "",0 great'" Solo,uon', ~-ord. an: p.>rnphraml in ChronidCl, T he Chron icler ><101'''' more common ph ra>ing by ,ub"i""ing"" m.n)' a. the du" of 'he earth·..., for ",h., canno' he numhered or (oun «d for nmhi,ucn" - i. 'impl)" omined. (b) The wnclu ,ion '0 Solo,,,,,n " pra),er e".hii, he, ' h" concep' of ,ho>enne" .. , he i(kologkal ha,i, of 'he en,ire 'pe""h_ When I'"w" (kli,ned I>,.el from .:g),]>' . he singled t hem O L" from all OI her l>coPle> .. Hi. people: I KilL g' 8:51 - 53 : "for 'he)' arc ' lL )' people. and ,h)' hcri"ge. ""hkh ,hou d .h, bring ou' of Eg),]>' . rrou, 'he mid>l of 'he iron furnace .. , r or ,hou d id" "'para« ,hen, frou, among all 'he peopk> of 'he e."h. '0 he ,h)' heritage. " ,hou did., decbre 'hrongh Mo>CI. ,h)' >en-an!. "hen ,hou d>:!>t bring our fath"" OLU of Egn" , 0 IDRI) God: AI"''' fron, a fe,,' millOr change,. Sok>n>on', pm)'« i> 'm n'po> in it; "ntiret)" ,hi, concl ud ing p"'''ge. howe,'cr_ i, omi!tcd (ompk«Ij-', I",'ead. t he pr.. )'er end. ~'i th par! of • p»lm ~'hich migh' h",'C heen ,,,cd in ritu al ~·o"hip . 'h", lending Solomon 's ~'ord, a liturgical di",en>ion no' rou nd in King', :<-:cit hcr ,he ~lca of choJenn",,"· nor 'he hi"oric.l e',en' a>>ocia«d "i, h i, ",,,n,ioned b)' 'he Chro"ickr_ An id". along the line, of clto",n"e" - YElW,,', Io,-e for 'he people of 1>,-...,1 - ' p pea" ,,,-icc in Chronicic> in ,i ,,,il.,- com",,", O n e qno«> the queen of Sheb., "!\cc.n>c ),our (~>d I",-cd br-.. cl . nd "'",,Id e>!abH,h ,hem fore,-er. he i.., made )'on king O,'cr ,hem , .: (2 Chr 9:8. p amllcl to I King. 10;9), In the o,her. King Hiram of liTe "'p. "I\ce.",e 'he hi> peopk he loa, mad~ j'o\l kinS o,-c< the ,,," (2 Otr2:11 [Heb .. IOj),

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'Il,c Ii«rar)" i" n"cnce of the font "">e on the ",cond i> ele..-. m , nd both link God'. lol'c fo r I,me] to the reign of Sok"" on , Un like Deuteronomy. "here n of 1>"",1.'''' o,ronick> make, no ment io n of ,ud, a con nection , 11,i, ab,cnc" of the concept of eto",nnc" a1"" ,ha\' light on .. .ot her i»ue , ,-\ceored on h i, I,)\"e for the l':ittriarch" Ilcu«ronom )' prol'i!. ter i> not diKu .. ed in o,roll icle>, . lthough . n .1I",ion to it might 'pp,o.r on« : "' !lid>! thou not. 0 our God. dri,,, out the i"h.bi tant> of th;, lind . , , and gi,'e it for e,'Or to the dc> of Ab,..)",m th)' frie nd ~",K )"· (2 Chr W:' ). Ap parentl)'. thi, 'UK "'~ influenced br I,. 4[ :8'" - ' lI," pu. Is ....d, my >en">.nt. J.coo. ,,-) ~,m I hal'e (hosen. the olf>pri"g of Ah.-.· ham. m ), friewl ('::~~ r - ~'hich "'0> God', 10'" for Abr.tham., the of 1> "",1', ek"ion ,,,. bahh', ",ord, rcpre..: nt a (ertain ;'",,,,-.tion in the concept of cho",nnc".., fou nd in l)cntem'lOnl)' in this ,-cr"". Cod clio", 1>"",[ l~>t bec.me of Hi, lo,'e for .-Ib,.... ham. but bcca" ", of ..\hrnh,m', k"" for II i,,,. '" On[)" the fin.,] elen",nt in Is. 41:8 - Ah .. h.",', [",'e for

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H. Cotvna"i conc"p' of «w"m",' i. well ,,,,,,,,,d in Chronkla'" , lI hough ~'" onu>! di>tingu;,h b<'~'''''n Ih< ",ord', . p l"'.,.... nc< ill 'h" phr.", "ark of 'h" (m'"n.n'" and ,10" cO"cu,n' 1'" " , "Ark of 'he em.., ,,.nl" 0< ".rk of Ih< co,,,,, ,,,, of GOO \ ,),< In k''- oc· cur> ''''<1I-e lime> in Chro"icle" I~'k< quoled ,..,rb>!im from 'he """'H' in King', ' " Ih< ,im in bo,h p",...Ucl . nd origin.1 pal"'g"" 'hey indudo "., \: of 'he LORIJ," "ark of God: a nd "Ihe hoi)' .rk." "Ark " - on it> o~n i, 'he w mlnon. fo llowed b)' · atk of God ," ""

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Gi"ing i, 'h" n>o"e 'PI" "" '0 he a p"kmk 'g.i",' o,hcr biblical ,'k ..', ,ha' ,,,,ibule add i'ional. more e",en,bl. f"'K''''''' 'he arl .11,;' of Deuteronomk polemk i> a1.., found i" I King' 8:9, "Thero "'''' nothing in Ihe arl ",coP' Ih" '~-o tabb of "one ~' h kh Moo<. 1"" 'here at Horeb. where 'he LORD made [. co"onanl) ,,;,h Ihe peopk of ],r><1, ""hen ,I",)' ca Ul< ou, of Ihe I."d o f t:g)'l": Th< ')""'x of Ihi. ,·e.-.c i> faully: 'he Heb",,,' co" tai", 110 ,ubjee' fo, Ihe ,datiYe cI." ", 'Z'K 'IN W' 'D C~ 11 nu. 'noc Septua gin, " ,·e"io". "hkh ad,l> Ihe "o,d" "tabkb of ' he ,,,..,,na,,': 'ppear> ' 0 be preferable. Thu>: "Tnere "'.. , ""'hing ill 'he arl ,,>«el" 1"-0 tabk" of >lon< ..... biOI> of , he eoyena,,' ~'hich 'he ,""'" The p<~<mkal in'e,,' couk! Lord m.de ,,;, 10 Ih" people of Isr",,1 no' be more dcar, The ark i, twl "Ihe ark of hUI me ",~' "Ihe ark of y"",,,', em"nan'" by ,'jn"e of jl> lone lab le" ~'hkh a", Ihe .. bk" of lhe eo,'en.n'. lI'e ><e Ihe wmpkte ide"lifle.,io" of Ih"", tabk" "'ilh Ihe ,o,·en.,,' in I King. 8:21: "And lhere I h,,'< pro"~kd. pix" for lhe ark. in "'hkh ;, 'he WI'CI,.m of 'he LORJ( ""hkh h" ",,,,k ...•.., Th< epilh'" "of Ihe eo,·on.n' of Ihe IDR"- refer> 10 'he ark', co,,· te,,". Il,e .. bk ... "'" The ,hem",I,-"" arc "doc em""" " I" bcc>,",,,

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