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#OPYRIGHT © 4HE 5NIVERSITY OF !LABAMA 0RESS 4USCALOOSA !LABAMA !LL RIGHTS RESERVED -ANUFACTURED IN THE 5NITED 3TATES OF !MERICA $ESIGNED BY 4ODD ,APE ,APE $ESIGNS 4YPEFACE 3YNTAX TEXT AND 3TYMI DISPLAY ∞ 4HE PAPER ON WHICH THIS BOOK IS PRINTED MEETS THE MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS OF !MERICAN .ATIONAL 3TANDARD FOR )NFORMATION 3CIENCE0ERMANENCE OF 0APER FOR 0RINTED ,IBRARY -ATERIALS !.3) : ,IBRARY OF #ONGRESS #ATALOGING IN 0UBLICATION $ATA .EMEC $AVID 4HE GREAT ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NINETEENTH CENTURY MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL $AVID .EMECND ED P CM )NCLUDES BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES AND INDEX )3". CLOTH ALK PAPER )3". ALK PAPER "ASEBALL5NITED 3TATES(ISTORYTH CENTURY "ASEBALL5NITED 3TATES%NCYCLOPEDIAS "ASEBALL PLAYERS5NITED 3TATES2EGISTERS ) 4ITLE 'REAT ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NINETEENTH CENTURY MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL )) 4ITLE '6!. DC
Yedj[dji VII IX
!CKNOWLEDGMENTS )NTRODUCTION
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0HOTO #REDITS "IBLIOGRAPHY )NDEX
4HE .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION %RA 4HE (ULBERT %RA 4HE 2EBEL ,EAGUES %RA 4HE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION %RA
&IRST "ASEMEN 3ECOND "ASEMEN 4HIRD "ASEMEN 3HORTSTOPS /UTlELDERS #ATCHERS 0ITCHERS AS (ITTERS
WY ademb[Z]c[dj i -ANY BASEBALL HISTORIANS RESEARCHERS EDITORS AND PUBLISHERS FURNISHED ME WITH INFORMATION AND GUIDANCE THAT ) AM PLEASED TO ACKNOWLEDGE 4O ALL OF THEM ) EXTEND MY DEEPEST APPRECIATION ) THANK +EN 3AMELSON FORMER EDITOR OF THE -ACMILLAN "ASEBALL %NCYCLOPEDIA AND 0ETE 0ALMER COEDITOR OF 4HE "ASEBALL %NCYCLOPEDIA FOR PROVIDING ME WITH MUCH OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY STATISTICAL DATA USED BY THEIR RESPECTIVE PUBLICATIONS AS WELL AS FOR PATIENTLY RESPONDING TO MY MANY QUESTIONS REGARDING DISPUTED INDIVIDUAL AND TEAM PITCHING BATTING AND lELDING TOTALS ) ALSO THANK -ORRIS %CKHOUSE THE FORMER EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE 3OCIETY FOR !MERICAN "ASEBALL 2ESEARCH 3!"2 AND THE .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION "OX 3CORE 0ROJECT FOR THE .INETEENTH #ENTURY 2ESEARCH #OMMITTEE OF 3!"2 FOR GENEROUSLY ALLOWING ME TO USE THE AMENDED .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION STATISTICS THE 0ROJECT GENERATED ! NUMBER OF OTHER 3!"2 COMMITTEE CHAIRPERSONS AND MEMBERS RENDERED THEIR ASSISTANCE DURING THE PREPARATION OF THIS BOOK MOST NOTABLY "ILL #ARLE CHAIRPERSON OF THE "IOGRAPHICAL #OMMITTEE 0AUL 7ENDT CHAIRPERSON OF THE .INETEENTH #ENTURY #OMMITTEE ,YLE 3PATZ CHAIR PERSON OF THE 2ECORDS #OMMITTEE AND #ARLOS "AUER FORMER CHAIRPERSON OF THE -INOR ,EAGUE #OMMITTEE 4O THE MANY MEMBERS OF THEIR RESPECTIVE COMMITTEES WHO HELPED TO RUN TO GROUND THE INFORMATION UTILIZED IN THEIR INVALUABLE COMMITTEE NEWSLETTERS ) EXTEND A SPECIAL NOTE OF GRATITUDE 'RATEFUL ACKNOWLEDGMENT IS ALSO MADE TO THE FOLLOWING RESEARCHERS AND HISTORIANS FOR THEIR EXPERT ASSISTANCE AND GUIDANCE "OB 4IEMANN 2AY .EMEC AND "OB (OIE DREW UPON THEIR EX HAUSTIVE RESEARCH TO COMPILE THE DATA FOR THE !MERICAN ,EAGUE AND 2AY .EMEC ALSO CON TRIBUTED OTHER MINOR LEAGUE DATA THAT WAS USED IN THIS BOOK 0ETER -ORRIS AND 2ICHARD -ALATZKY UNEARTHED THE MAJORITY OF THE MISSING PLAYER BIRTH AND DEATH DATES THAT HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED SINCE THE ORIGINAL EDITION OF THIS BOOK WAS PUBLISHED IN &RANK 6ACCARO KINDLY SHARED WITH ME THE NINETEENTH CENTURY SEASONS FROM HIS !LL 'AMES "ASEBALL A MONUMENTAL WORK IN PROG RESS AND $AVID "ALL DID LIKEWISE WITH HIS PIONEERING RESEARCH ON NINETEENTH CENTURY TRADES &RANK 7ILLIAMS PAINSTAKINGLY SHARED THE lNDINGS OF HIS GROUNDBREAKING WORK ON PITCHING REC ORDS TO HELP STEER ME TO PLAUSIBLE SOLUTIONS FOR ALMOST ALL OF THE MULTITUDE OF DISPUTED CENTURY INDIVIDUAL SEASON AND CAREER PITCHING TOTALS AND *OE 7AYMAN "ILL $EANE AND 7ALT 7ILSON ALSO PROVIDED ME WITH THE FRUITS OF THEIR EXTENSIVE RESEARCH IN THIS AREA (ARRY (IGHAM HELPED ME WITH PLAYER MOVEMENT IN THE .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION ERA AND ALSO WITH PHOTO IDENTIlCATION 3COT
WY ademb[Z]c[dj i
-ONDORE OF THE .ATIONAL "ASEBALL (ALL OF &AME ,IBRARY WAS ALWAYS READY WHENEVER ) NEEDED INFORMATION ABOUT A PARTICULAR GAME OR PLAYER 2EED (OWARD HELPED ME IN TRACKING THE MINOR LEAGUE CAREER PATHS OF MANY PLAYERS ) AM PROFOUNDLY INDEBTED TO $ICK 4HOMPSON FOR FURNISHING ME WITH A WEALTH OF INFORMA TION ON NINETEENTH CENTURY PLAYERS ESPECIALLY FROM THE .EW %NGLAND AREA ) AM ALSO INDEBTED TO THE LATE 4OM 3HEA WHO LEFT HIS OWN PRICELESS RESEARCH EFFORTS IN $ICKS CHARGE ) WOULD ONCE AGAIN LIKE TO THANK "OB 4IEMANN FOR USING HIS MATCHLESS EXPERTISE TO SERVE AS THE FACT CHECKER FOR 4HE 'REAT %NCYCLOPEDIA OF .INETEENTH #ENTURY -AJOR ,EAGUE "ASEBALL "OB IN ADDITION HELPED MIGHTILY IN PINNING DOWN BALLPARK NAMES AND ACCURATE HOME AND ROAD STATISTICS -ARK 2UCKER OF 4RANSCENDENTAL 'RAPHICS PROVIDED MOST OF THE PICTURES IN 4HE 'REAT %N CYCLOPEDIA OF .INETEENTH #ENTURY -AJOR ,EAGUE "ASEBALL (AVING WORKED WITH -ARK BEFORE ) KNEW HE WOULD PRODUCE A BOUNTY OF RARE AND EXCITING IMAGES AND ONCE AGAIN HE EXCEEDED EX PECTATIONS -ANY OF THE PICTURES FROM HIS COLLECTION ARE NEW TO ME AND ) WOULD EXPECT TO MOST READERS AS WELL ) ALSO HAPPILY THANK *OSEPH 3ANTRY 4OM (ILL AND 0HILIP 6ON "ORRIES FOR ALLOWING ME TO USE NUMEROUS PICTORIAL TREASURES FROM THEIR PRIVATE COLLECTIONS ) AM PARTICULARLY GRATEFUL TO 4OM "URKE MY FORMER EDITOR AT $ONALD ) &INE AND TO THE STAFF AT 4HE 5NIVERSITY OF !LABAMA 0RESS /N A PERSONAL NOTE ) THANK 3COTT &LATOW AND !L "LUMKIN FOR THEIR STEADFAST INTEREST AND EN THUSIASM 0AMELA 3TRONG THE LATE 4ONY 3ALIN $OROTHY -C-URRAY -ARILYN &OSTER .EMEC AND #AROL 3TACK ALSO OFFERED SUPPORT AND ENCOURAGEMENT WHEN IT WAS NEEDED 4HE 'REAT %NCYCLOPEDIA OF .INETEENTH #ENTURY -AJOR ,EAGUE "ASEBALL BEARS NO FORMAL DEDI CATION BECAUSE SO MANY PEOPLE WERE ITS SOURCE OF INSPIRATION )T IS TO MEN LIKE ,EE !LLEN 4OM 3HEA %RNEST ,ANIGAN #HARLES -EARS AND *OHN 4ATTERSALL THAT THE GREATEST DEBT IS OWED 4HIS BOOK THEN IS A TESTIMONY TO THE MANY BASEBALL HISTORIANS WHOSE COUNTLESS HOURS OF RESEARCH AND UNmAGGING ATTENTION TO DETAIL OPENED THE WAY FOR IT
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)N THE BRIEF TWENTY YEAR SPAN BETWEEN THE EARLY S AND THE #IVIL 7AR BASEBALL EVOLVED FROM A GAME WITH MANY VARIANTS THAT WAS PLAYED ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY BY CHILDREN TO AN ORGANIZED SPORT WITH STANDARDIZED RULES "Y THE END OF THE S BASEBALL HAD MATURED TO A DEGREE THAT IT WAS NO LONGER MERELY A SPORT BUT FOR MANY MEN HAD BECOME A PROFESSION 4HOUGH AMATEURISM WAS STILL THE ORDER OF THE DAY IT WAS OFTEN A SHAM 3TAR PLAYERS WERE EITHER PAID UNDER THE TABLE OR GIVEN LUCRATIVE JOBS THAT DEMANDED LITTLE OR NO WORK FOR EMPLOYERS WHO ALSO HAD A lNANCIAL INTEREST IN THE LOCAL BALL CLUB 4HE lRST TEAM TO ABANDON ALL PRETENSE OF AMATEURISM WAS THE #INCINNATI 2ED 3TOCKINGS /RGANIZED BY (ARRY 7RIGHT WITH lNANCIAL HELP FROM !ARON #HAMPION #INCINNATI OPENLY ACKNOWLEDGED IN THAT ALL OF ITS TEAM MEMBERS WERE PAID A REGULAR SALARY STRICTLY TO PLAY BASEBALL 7HEN THE 2ED 3TOCKINGS WENT UNDEFEATED FOR THE ENTIRE SEASON THEY TRANSFORMED THE APPROACH TO THE GAME TAKEN BY PRACTICALLY EVERY TEAM THAT PLAYED THEM WITH ASPIRATIONS OF WINNING ,ESS THAN TWO YEARS AFTER #INCINNATIS JUGGERNAUT DEMONSTRATED THAT AMATEUR CLUBS COULD NO LONGER HOPE TO COMPETE WITH PROFESSIONALS THE .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION OF 0ROFESSIONAL "ASE "ALL 0LAYERS THE lRST PROFESSIONAL SPORTS LEAGUE IN OUR NATIONS HISTORY WAS BORN -ANY EXCELLENT BOOKS HAVE TOLD THE STORY OF BASEBALLS EVOLUTION FROM A SIMPLE GAME IN THE S TO ITS SWIFTLY ESCALATED STATUS LESS THAN TWO DECADES LATER AS OUR NATIONAL PASTIME 4HE IN TENTION HERE IS NARROWER AND AT THE SAME TIME UNIQUE )N 4HE 'REAT %NCYCLOPEDIA OF .INETEENTH #ENTURY -AJOR ,EAGUE "ASEBALL OUR AIM IS TO SERVE AS THE lRST COMPREHENSIVE REFERENCE WORK DEVOTED EXCLUSIVELY TO THE YEAR PERIOD BETWEEN AND THAT BEGAN WITH THE APPEAR ANCE OF THE lRST PROFESSIONAL LEAGUE THE .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION AND ENDED WITH THE LAST YEAR OF THE CENTURY AND BY HAPPY COINCIDENCE THE lNAL SEASON THAT THE GAME HAD ONLY ONE RECOGNIZED MAJOR LEAGUE THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE 4O MEET THAT OBJECTIVE WE OFFER lVE FEATURES THAT HAVE NEVER BEFORE APPEARED IN BOOK FORM LET ALONE IN ONE VOLUME #OMPLETE PLAYER AND MANAGER ROSTERS FOR EVERY MAJOR LEAGUE TEAM BETWEEN AND ACCOMPANIED BY INDIVIDUAL BATTING lELDING AND PITCHING STATISTICS AND THE NAME OF THE PARK WHERE THE TEAM PLAYED MOST OF ITS HOME GAMES #OMPLETE POSITION WORKUPS FOR EVERY MAJOR LEAGUE TEAM BETWEEN AND SHOWING HOW MANY GAMES EACH TEAM MEMBER PLAYED AT A GIVEN POSITION
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! COMPLETE ALPHABETICAL REGISTER OF EVERY PLAYER WHO APPEARED IN A MAJOR LEAGUE GAME IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY WITH PLAYERS ORGANIZED IN SUBREGISTERS ACCORDING TO THE PRIMARY POSITIONS THEY PLAYED AND THEIR VITAL STATISTICS PROVIDED WHEN KNOWN ALONG WITH THEIR CENTRAL CAREER BATTING AND PITCHING STATISTICS ! COMPLETE ALPHABETICAL REGISTER OF EVERY MAJOR LEAGUE MANAGER IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY ! COMPLETE ALPHABETICAL REGISTER OF EVERY REGULAR MAJOR LEAGUE UMPIRE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY ORGANIZED BY LEAGUES
4O ADD TO THE MIX OF mAVORS 4HE 'REAT %NCYCLOPEDIA OF .INETEENTH #ENTURY -AJOR ,EAGUE "ASEBALL IS DESIGNED AS IF IT HAD BEEN COMPILED AT THE TURN OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY #ONSE QUENTLY THE CAREER STATISTICS IN PLAYER MANAGER AND UMPIRE REGISTERS ARE COMPLETE ONLY THROUGH THE SEASON !T THAT JUNCTURE #Y 9OUNG ALREADY HAD NEARLY WINS AND %D $ELAHANTY HAD MORE THAN HITS "UT WHILE THEIR CAREER TOTALS BY CERTIlED THAT THEY WOULD SURELY TAKE THEIR PLACES AMONG THE GAMES GREATEST PLAYERS MEN SUCH AS .AP ,AJOIE AND (ONUS 7AGNER STILL POSSESSED RELATIVELY MODEST TOTALS THAT OFFERED ONLY A HINT OF THEIR EVENTUAL TOWERING ACHIEVE MENTS AND #HRISTY -ATHEWSON HAD YET TO EARN HIS lRST MAJOR LEAGUE WIN /NLY IN THE ANNUAL REPORTS AND THE SIDEBAR ITEMS DOES THE FUTURE INTRUDE 9ET WHILE WE MIGHT BREAK THE FANTASY MOMENTARILY THAT THE WORLD WAS POISED ON THE BRINK OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY WHEN THIS BOOK WAS PUT TOGETHER OUR GOAL REMAINS TO CAPTURE THE LOOK AND THE FEEL OF THE WAY BASEBALL WAS PLAYED IN THE LATE S )N ANY EVENT WE WANT YOU TO HAVE A GOOD TIME AND TO MAKE SOME EXCITING DISCOVERIES AS YOU LOOK THROUGH 4HE 'REAT %NCYCLOPEDIA OF .INETEENTH #ENTURY -AJOR ,EAGUE "ASEBALL %VEN IF YOU ALREADY KNOW A FAIR AMOUNT ABOUT THE lRST YEARS OF MAJOR LEAGUE PLAY YOU ARE STILL GUARAN TEED TO lND PLENTY OF NEW INFORMATION !BOVE ALL ELSE YOU NOW HAVE IN ONE VOLUME NINETEENTH CENTURY TEAM ROSTERS AND PLAYER REGISTERS TOGETHER WITH A BOUNTY OF CHARTS LISTS PHOTOGRAPHS AND STORIES THAT ARE APPEARING HERE FOR THE lRST TIME ANYWHERE 7E HOPE THAT YOU HAVE AS MUCH FUN WITH THIS BOOK AS WE HAD PUTTING IT TOGETHER
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j^[ WddkWb h[YehZ )N *UNE ) TOOK A CHUNK OF THE MONEY )D SAVED FROM MY #LEVELAND 0LAIN $EALER ROUTE AND BOUGHT A COPY OF (Y 4URKIN AND 3# 4HOMPSONS 4HE /FlCIAL %NCYCLOPEDIA OF "ASEBALL ) KNEW IT FOR THE TREASURE IT WAS ALMOST THE MOMENT ) BEGAN DIGGING INTO IT BUT BY THE END OF THAT SUM MER )D ALSO BEGUN TO FEEL A SLIGHT SENSE OF DISSATISFACTION )T WASNT SO MUCH THAT EACH PLAYERS SEASON AND CAREER STATISTICS WERE CONlNED TO HIS POSI TION HIS BATTING AVERAGE AND THE NUMBER OF GAMES HE HAD PLAYED ALTHOUGH THAT CERTAINLY LEFT ME WISHING FOR MORE "UT WHAT REALLY GNAWED AT ME WAS THAT ) COULD GET ALMOST NO PICTURE FROM 4URKIN AND 4HOMPSONS BOOK OF THE GREAT TEAMS THROUGHOUT BASEBALL HISTORY AND SPECIl CALLY WHO PLAYED FOR THEM /H ) KNEW THE STARTING NINE FOR THE .EW 9ORK 9ANKEES AND OF COURSE ) KNEW MY CHAMPION #LEVELAND )NDIANS DOWN TO THE MOST OBSCURE SUBSTITUTE BUT ) YEARNED FOR AN ENCYCLOPEDIA THAT WOULD ASSEMBLE FOR ME IN THEIR ENTIRETY THE 0ROVIDENCE 'RAYS THE #HICAGO #UBS AND THE #INCINNATI 2EDSTO SAY NOTHING OF ALL THE &EDERAL ,EAGUE AND .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION TEAMS WITH GREAT NAMES LIKE THE "ROOKLYN 4IP 4OPS AND THE %LIZABETH 2ESOLUTES )T TOOK ME UNTIL THE WINTER OF TO RECOGNIZE THAT IF ) WANTED THOSE TEAM ROSTERS ) WAS GO ING TO HAVE TO CREATE THEM MYSELF !ND AS LONG AS ) WAS AT IT ) DECIDED TO GO THE WHOLE NINE YARDS AND DRAW UP A COMPLETE ROSTER FOR EVERY MAJOR LEAGUE TEAM FROM THROUGH WHERE 4URKIN AND 4HOMPSON LEFT OFF IN THEIR ENCYCLOPEDIAS lRST EDITION 3O ) HUNKERED DOWN IN MY BEDROOM WITH A STACK OF X CARDS AND GOT TO WORK 5SING THE ALPHABETICAL REGISTER OF PLAYERS IN THE ENCYCLOPEDIA ) STARTED WITH THE lRST NAME !BADIE *OHN AND HEADED THE TOP CARD IN MY PILE #ENTENNIAL !BADIES INITIAL MAJOR LEAGUE TEAM 2IGHT AWAY ) REALIZED THAT )D UNDERTAKEN ONE MAMMOTH PROJECT AND THERE WERE MANY DAYS WHEN ) WAS ON THE BRINK OF QUITTING BUT SOMEHOW ) KEPT PUSHING AHEAD -Y GRADES IN SCHOOL HIT BOTTOM THAT WINTER MY SOCIAL LIFE WAS ZERO BUT IT WAS WORTH IT "Y BLOWING EVERY SPARE MO MENT ) HAD ) MANAGED TO PLOW THROUGH THE WHOLE ENCYCLOPEDIA BY -ARCH AND lNALLY ONE EVENING ) ARRIVED AT :WILLING %DWARD (ARRISON AND THE END OF MY LONG LONG ROAD ) STILL HAVE THOSE HUNDREDS OF X CARDS ) DUG THEM OUT FROM THE CIGAR BOX WHERE THEY WERE STORED IN THE FALL OF WHEN -ACMILLAN UNVEILED THE lRST EDITION OF 4HE "ASEBALL %NCYCLOPEDIA WITH ITS YEARLY ROSTERS OF ALL THE REGULAR POSITION PLAYERS AND PITCHERS FOR EACH MAJOR LEAGUE TEAM AND ) DUG THEM OUT AGAIN IN WHEN .EFT AND #OHEN WENT A STEP FURTHER THAN -ACMILLAN I
J
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AND PRODUCED COMPLETE YEARLY ROSTERS FOR EACH TEAM SINCE IN THEIR lRST EDITION OF 4HE 3PORTS %NCYCLOPEDIA "ASEBALL -Y STACK OF CARDS LOOKED MEAGER IN COMPARISON TO WHAT -AC MILLAN CONTAINED AND EVEN SKIMPIER UP AGAINST .EFT AND #OHEN !ND YET ) HAD IN THOSE CARDS SOMETHING THAT NEITHER OF THOSE MAGNIlCENT ENCYCLOPEDIAS COULD BOAST AND THAT NO OTHER BOOK EVER HAS EITHER ) HAD COMPLETE ROSTERSOR AS COMPLETE ANYWAY AS ) COULD MAKE THEM AT THAT TIMEFOR EVERY NINETEENTH CENTURY MAJOR LEAGUE TEAM AS WELL )N THE lFTY YEARS SINCE MY NINETEENTH CENTURY TEAM CARDS HAVE UNDERGONE HORDES OF CHANGES AND RElNEMENTS THANKS NOT ONLY TO MY OWN EFFORTS BUT ALSO TO THE RESEARCH INCORPORAT ED IN THE -ACMILLAN ENCYCLOPEDIA AND 4OTAL "ASEBALL AND "ILL #ARLES MONTHLY 3!"2 "IOGRAPHI CAL #OMMITTEE NEWSLETTERS -Y TEAM CARDS ARE STILL NOT A HUNDRED PERCENT COMPLETE THOUGH AND PERHAPS THEY NEVER WILL BE 3OME GAPS MAY SIMPLY BE INEVITABLE FOR A BOOK LIKE THIS IN A SENSE IS ETERNALLY A WORK IN PROGRESS !S YOU MAY HAVE ALREADY GUESSED TEAMS AND THEIR COMPOSITION HAVE LONG BEEN MY FOREMOST PASSION AND WHERE )VE DEVOTED MOST OF MY RESEARCH HOURS AND )M HAPPY TO SHARE THE CONTENTS OF THE CIGAR BOX THAT ) KEPT FOR SO MANY YEARS AGAINST THE DAY WHEN A BOOK LIKE THIS AT LAST COULD HAPPEN 4HE TEAMS ARE ORGANIZED BY SEASON AND BY LEAGUE ! TEAM NICKNAME OR THE NAME OF A MAN AGER WILL DIFFER IN SOME INSTANCES IN 4HE 'REAT %NCYCLOPEDIA OF .INETEENTH #ENTURY -AJOR ,EAGUE "ASEBALL FROM THE TEAM NICKNAME OR MANAGERS NAME LISTED IN OTHER ENCYCLOPEDIAS BECAUSE MY RESEARCH DEMONSTRATES THAT THE NICKNAME OR MANAGER AT ISSUE IS SOMETHING OTHER THAN WHAT PRE VIOUS WORKS BELIEVED IT TO HAVE BEEN &OR A GOOD OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS BOOK THOUGH )M INDEBTED TO -ACMILLAN AND 4HE %NCYCLOPEDIA OF "ASEBALL EDITIONEXCEPT IN SITUATIONS WHEN THEY THEMSELVES ARE AT LOGGERHEADS 0ITCHERS SEASON AND CAREER WON LOST TOTALS ESPECIALLY SEEM TO BREED CONmICT BETWEEN THESE TWO OTHERWISE IMPECCABLY RELIABLE SOURCES SO MUCH SO THAT ON SEVERAL OCCASIONS IN 4HE 'REAT %NCYCLOPEDIA OF .INETEENTH #ENTURY -AJOR ,EAGUE "ASEBALL )VE HAD TO GO WITH MY OWN INSTINCTS AS TO WHAT THE WON LOST TOTALS WERE IN A PARTICULAR YEAR FOR +ID .ICHOLS OR *OHN #LARKSON OR -ICKEY 7ELCH "UT AS )VE SAID ABSOLUTE ACCURACY IN A BOOK OF THIS SORT IS CONSTANTLY SOUGHT BUT EVER ELUSIVE
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j^[ i[WiedWb h[YehZ WdZ h[fehj 4HE 3EASONAL 2ECORD IS A CHRONOLOGICAL LISTING OF THE TEAM STANDINGS LEAGUE LEADERS AND COMPLETE TEAM ROSTERS FOR EVERY MAJOR LEAGUE TEAM FROM THROUGH 4HIS SECTION ALSO PROVIDES EACH TEAMS MANAGER THE NAME OF ITS HOME PARK AND THE NICKNAME BY WHICH THE TEAM WAS MOST COMMONLY KNOWN 4HE STATISTICAL HISTORY OF EACH SEASON IS PRECEDED BY A REPORT OF THE PENNANT RACE AND OTHER SIGNIlCANT EVENTS INCLUDING CHANGES IN THE PLAYING RULES !LL INFORMATION CODES AND ABBREVIATIONS THAT MAY BE UNFAMILIAR ARE EXPLAINED IN THE TWO SAMPLE FORMATS PRESENTED BELOW "OTH ARE FROM THE SEASON
4(% 3%!3/.!, 2%#/2$ /&&)#)!, 34!.$).'3 ' 7 , 0CT ( 2 '" !TTENDANCE 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS "OSTON 2ED 3TOCKINGS #HICAGO 7HITE 3TOCKINGS .EW 9ORK -UTUALS 7ASHINGTON /LYMPICS 4ROY 5NIONS #LEVELAND &OREST #ITYS &ORT 7AYNE +EKIONGAS 2OCKFORD &OREST #ITYS
/FlCIAL 3TANDINGS #OLUMN (EADINGS )NFORMATION ' 7 , 0#4 ( 2 '"
4OTAL GAMES PLAYED INCLUDING TIES AND FORFEITS 7INS ,OSSES 7INNING PERCENTAGE (OME RECORD 2OAD RECORD .UMBER OF GAMES lNISHED BEHIND THE LEAGUE LEADER
4HE SECOND SAMPLE FORMAT IS THE COMPLETE ROSTER OF THE 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS 4HEY lNISHED lRST IN AND ALL TEAM ROSTERS ARE PRESENTED IN THE ORDER OF THE lNAL STANDINGS
f^_b W Z[ b f^_W $ICK -C"RIDE !THLETIC 0ARK ' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3/ 3" #3 "! 3! /"0 ,& .ED #UTHBERT " 7EST &ISLER 33 *OHN 2ADCLIFF # &ERGY -ALONE " !L 2EACH 0 $ICK -C"RIDE " ,EVI -EYERLE #& #OUNT 54 'EORGE "ECHTEL 2& 'EORGE (EUBEL 3UB 4OM 0RATT 3UB 4OM "ERRY 3UB .ATE "ERKENSTOCK
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"&ISLER 0RATT (EUBEL "2EACH &ISLER 332ADCLIFF "-EYERLE "ECHTEL /&#UTHBERT 3ENSENDERFER (EUBEL "ECHTEL "ERKENSTOCK "ERRY #-ALONE #UTHBERT 0-C"RIDE "ECHTEL -EYERLE
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! 2ADCLIFF 33 -ALONE # #UTHBERT ,& &ISLER " 2EACH " -EYERLE " -C"RIDE 0 3ENSENDERFER #& (EUBEL 2& "ECHTEL 2&
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! 70 (2 $ICK -C"RIDE 'EORGE "ECHTEL ,EVI -EYERLE FORFEIT 7INS VS 2OCKFORD VS &ORT 7AYNE OF THE FORFEIT WINS WERE ORIGINALLY LOSSES CREDITED TO -C"RIDE
2OSTER #OLUMN (EADINGS )NFORMATION "ATTERS
&IELDERS
0ITCHERS
0/3 ' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3/ 3" ("0 3( "! 3! /"0
" " 33 " ,& #& 2& # 0 3UB 54
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3( 3V %2! (" 70 (2
0RIMARY &IELDING 0OSITION 'AMES 0LAYED !T "ATS (ITS 2UNS $OUBLES 4RIPLES (OME 2UNS 2UNS "ATTED )N WHEN AVAILABLE "ASES ON "ALLS 3TRIKEOUTS WHEN AVAILABLE 3TOLEN "ASES WHEN AVAILABLE (IT BY 0ITCHES 3ACRIlCE (ITS WHEN AVAILABLE "ATTING !VERAGE 3LUGGING !VERAGE /N BASE 0ERCENTAGE
&IRST "ASEMEN 3ECOND "ASEMEN 3HORTSTOPS 4HIRD "ASEMEN ,EFT &IELDERS #ENTER &IELDERS 2IGHT &IELDERS #ATCHERS 0ITCHERS 3UBSTITUTES 5TILITYMEN !LSO PLAYED OTHER OUTlELD POSITIONS
'AMES 0ITCHED )NNINGS 0ITCHED (ITS !LLOWED 'AMES 3TARTED #OMPLETE 'AMES 7INS ,OSSES 3TRIKEOUTS "ASES ON "ALLS 3HUTOUTS 3AVES %ARNED 2UN !VERAGE (IT "ATSMEN 7ILD 0ITCHES (OME 2UNS !LLOWED
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/THER )NFORMATION %XPLANATION 0LAYERS0LAYERS ARE LISTED BY SURNAME AND MOST COMMONLY USED lRST NAME OR NICKNAME !S A RESULT OF OUR RESEARCH IN 4HE 'REAT %NCYCLOPEDIA OF .INETEENTH #ENTURY -AJOR ,EAGUE "ASEBALL THE MOST COMMONLY USED lRST NAME OR NICKNAME FOR SOME PLAYERS WILL DIFFER FROM OTHER REFERENCE WORKS 2OSTER ORDER4EAM BATTING ROSTERS ARE ARRANGED IN ORDER OF AT BATS lELDING ROSTERS ARE ARRANGED IN ORDER OF GAMES PLAYED AT EACH POSITION AND PITCHING ROSTERS ARE ARRANGED IN ORDER OF INNINGS PITCHED 7HEN TWO OR MORE PLAYERS HAVE THE SAME NUMBER OF AT BATS OR INNINGS PITCHED THEY APPEAR IN ORDER OF BASE HITS OR PITCHING DECISIONS "OLD FACINGINDICATES LEAGUE LEADING TOTAL
AFTER A lGURE IN BOLD INDICATES THAT A PLAYER LED HIS LEAGUE IN THAT DEPARTMENT WHILE PLAYING FOR MORE THAN ONE TEAM &ORFEITSFORFEIT WINS AND LOSSES ARE LISTED ONLY FOR GAMES IN WHICH NO PITCHERS WERE CREDITED WITH DECISIONS AND ARE ACCOMPANIED BY THE REASON FOR THE FORFEIT WHEN KNOWN
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j^[ dWj_edWb WiieY_Wj_ed [hW > GNMG¤ MK? !LEXANDER #ARTWRIGHT AND HIS COMPATRIOTS WHO HELPED HIM DRAFT THE lRST CODIlED SET OF BASE BALL RULES AND STAGE MATCHES BETWEEN .EW 9ORK SOCIAL CLUBS ORIGINALLY VIEWED THE GAME AS A VEHICLE FOR UNIFYING AND PERPETUATING THEIR CLUBS "Y THE #IVIL 7AR HOWEVER THIS NOTION OF WHAT BASEBALL OUGHT TO BE WAS OBSOLETE 4HE MEN FROM #ARTWRIGHTS +NICKERBOCKER CLUB WHO CARRIED ON THE GAME IN HIS STEAD AFTER HE MOVED WEST AND EVENTUALLY TO (AWAII GOT INTO BASEBALL TO EN HANCE THEIR SOCIAL STATURE AND RECOGNITION BUT PROFESSIONAL PLAYERS WERE NOW RECEIVING ALMOST ALL THE RECOGNITION AND THE CLUBS THAT WOULD NOT DEIGN TO HIRE PROFESSIONALS COULD NO LONGER HOLD THEIR OWN 4HE GAME HAD BECOME STRATIlEDPROFESSIONAL PLAYERS AT THE TOP AND FAR BELOW THEM THOSE WHO WERE HOLDING ON TO THE ARCHAIC CONVICTION THAT BASEBALL SHOULD REMAIN A LEISURE ACTIVITY FOR GENTLEMEN 0IONEER BASEBALL WRITER AND RULESMAKER (ENRY #HADWICK DECRIED WHAT HE SAW HAPPENING TO THE GAME AND CAMPAIGNED VIGOROUSLY FOR SEVERAL YEARS IN HIS .EW 9ORK #LIPPER COLUMNS FOR A SEPARATION BETWEEN PROFESSIONAL AND AMATEUR INTERESTS #HADWICKS EFFORTS lNALLY BORE FRUIT ON A RAINY 3T 0ATRICKS $AY IN WHEN REPRESENTATIVES OF TEN BASEBALL CLUBS MET AT #OLLIERS 2OOMS A DRINKING ESTABLISHMENT AT THE CORNER OF "ROADWAY AND TH 3TREET IN .EW 9ORK !S RECOUNTED IN 4URKIN AND 4HOMPSONS 4HE /FlCIAL %NCYCLOPEDIA OF "ASEBALL h4HERE IN A SMOKY GASLIT HALLROOM ADJOINING THE #AFE SALOON PRO BASEBALL SUFFERED ITS lRST REAL BIRTH PANGS FOR THAT MEETING ESTABLISHED THE .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION OF 0ROFESSIONAL "ASE "ALL 0LAYERSv 4HE TEN DELEGATES ELECTED *AMES 7 +ERNS OF 0HILADELPHIA PRESIDENT OF THE .!0""0 SOON SHORTENED TO .! NAMED * 3 %VANS OF #LEVELAND VICE PRESIDENT .ICK 9OUNG OF 7ASHINGTON /LYMPICS SECRETARY * 7 3CHOlELD OF 4ROY TREASURER AND THEN SET TO WORK DRAWING UP A SET OF CHAMPIONSHIP RULES !LTHOUGH NO lXED SCHEDULE WAS ADOPTED IT WAS AGREED THAT EVERY CLUB WOULD PLAY EACH OF ITS FELLOW CLUBS A BEST THREE OUT OF lVE SERIES MAKING FOR A POTENTIAL CHAMPIONSHIP GAMES PER CLUB AND THE TEAM WITH THE MOST VICTORIES AT THE END OF THE SEASON WOULD BE ENTITLED TO PARADE THE CHAMPIONSHIP BANNER CALLED THE hWHIP PENNANT v AT ITS BALL GROUND THE FOLLOWING YEAR
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4HE ASSOCIATIONS ENTRY FEE WAS A MERE BUT THE DELEGATE FROM "ROOKLYNS %CKFORD CLUB DECIDED THAT EVEN THIS MEAGER SUM WAS TOO STEEP TO RISK AND DECLINED TO ENROLL HIS TEAM IN THE mEDGLING ORGANIZATION 4HE NINE REMAINING CLUBS WERE THE !THLETICS OF 0HILADELPHIA THE -U TUALS OF .EW 9ORK THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS OF #HICAGO THE (AYMAKERS OF 4ROY THE /LYMPICS OF 7ASHINGTON THE &OREST #ITYS OF #LEVELAND THE +EKIONGAS OF &ORT 7AYNE THE 2ED 3TOCKINGS OF "OSTON AND THE &OREST #ITYS OF 2OCKFORD )LLINOIS !PART FROM A HOPE TO MAKE A lNANCIAL PROlT ALL THE CLUBS HAD ONE OTHER THING IN COMMON ,OCAL POLITICIANS OCCUPIED MOST OF THE POSITIONS OF POWER ON THEIR BOARDS OF DIRECTORS 4HEIR ECONOMIC STRUCTURES OTHERWISE VARIED WIDELY OW ING TO THE VAST DIFFERENCES IN THE CLASS COMPOSITION OF EACH CLUBS BACKERS 4HE CLUBS RANGED IN lNANCIAL STABILITY FROM THE #HICAGO CLUB THAT WAS OWNED BY A STOCK COMPANY HEADED BY 7INDY #ITY TREASURER $AVID 'AGE WHO HAD AT HIS DISPOSAL SOME THAT HED EMBEZZLED FROM HIS OFlCE TO THE CLERKS AND SALESMEN WHO RAN THE +EKIONGA CLUB ON A SHOESTRING AND LURED PLAYERS TO &ORT 7AYNE BY PROMISING THEM A SHARE OF THE GATE RECEIPTS RATHER THAN A lXED SALARY &ROM ITS INCEPTION THE .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION WAS AN ENTERPRISE RUN LARGELY BY ITS PLAYING PER SONNEL 4HE LOOP PRESIDENT SELECTED IN WAS THIRD BASEMAN "OB &ERGUSON OF THE "ROOKLYN !TLANTICS $URING THE TWO SEASONS &ERGUSON SERVED IN THE OFlCE .! BUSINESS WAS CONDUCTED IN IRREGULAR MEETINGS ARRANGED BY HIM FOR THE CLUB MANAGERS MOST OF WHOM LIKE HIMSELF WERE PLAYERS AS WELL 4HE lRST PROFESSIONAL LEAGUE WAS A lNANCIAL DISASTER 6ERY FEW TEAMS MADE ANY MONEY FOR THEIR BACKERS AND MUCH OF THE REASON SO MANY CLUBS SANK IN A SEA OF RED INK WAS BECAUSE THE .! WAS AN EVEN BIGGER ARTISTIC FAILURE /NLY IN ITS lRST SEASON DID THE .! STAGE ANYTHING AP PROACHING AN EXCITING PENNANT RACE %VERY OTHER YEAR THE "OSTON ENTRY WAS A RUNAWAY VICTOR MAKING FOR A VERY UNEVEN DESIRE TO WIN AMONG THE OTHER TEAMS AND A STRONG TEMPTATION TO LOOK ELSEWHERE FOR MOTIVATION #HADWICKS BASEBALL COLUMNS IN THE #LIPPER BECAME INCREASINGLY PEP PERED WITH STERN WARNINGS AGAINST THE GROWING DANGERS OF hFRAUDULENT PLAYv OR hHIPPODROMING v AS THROWING GAMES WAS THEN CALLED "Y "OSTONS SEEMINGLY ENDLESS MONOPOLY ON THE PEN NANT AND THE INFESTATION OF GAMBLERS HAD ALL BUT DESTROYED THE .! AND MADE THE PROFESSIONAL GAME RIPE FOR A CABAL THAT WOULD TAKE CONTROL OF IT AWAY FROM THE PLAYERS
-ANY CLUB NICKNAMES IN THE EARLY YEARS OF BASEBALL WERE SINGULAREG !THLETIC -UTUAL &OREST #ITY ETC )N THIS BOOK TO AVOID CONFUSION THEY ARE PLURALIZED THROUGHOUT BECAUSE THE CLUBS THEMSELVES SOON BEGAN TO PLURALIZE THEM
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)N HIS HISTORY OF THE .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION 7ILLIAM 2YCZEK WRITES h)F !MERICA WAS DIFFERENT IN THE GAME OF BASEBALL WAS ALSO A FAR CRY FROM THAT WHICH IS PLAYED ON THE !STROTURF SAUCERS OF THE S %VEN THE NAME WAS DIFFERENT 4HE WORDS @BASE AND @BALL WERE NOT MERGED UNTIL THE TWENTIETH CENTURY $URING THE NINETEENTH IT WAS KNOWN AS @"ASE "ALLv 4O EASE THE READERS TASK IN THIS BOOK BASEBALL IS ONE WORD AND MUCH OF ITS NINETEENTH CEN TURY TERMINOLOGY HAS SIMILARLY BEEN MODERNIZED BUT THERE IS NO WAY TO SOFTEN THE FACT THAT THE GAME IN TRULY WAS A FAR CRY FROM BASEBALL TODAY (OME PLATE WAS A INCH SQUARE MADE OF MARBLE OR STONE AND SET IN THE GROUND SO THAT ONE CORNER POINTED TOWARD THE PITCHER AND THE OTHER TOWARD THE CATCHER THESE TWO POSITIONS WERE THEREFORE CALLED hTHE POINTSv 4HE BASES WERE LOCATED HALF IN FAIR AND HALF IN FOUL TERRITORY UNLIKE TODAY WHEN THE ENTIRE BASE IS IN FAIR GROUND AND IT WAS THE UMPIRES TASK TO JUDGE WHETHER A HOT SHOT DOWN THE LINE CROSSED THE FAIR OR FOUL PART OF THE BAG 4HE PITCHER DELIVERED THE BALL FROM A mAT SIX FOOT SQUARE SHAPED BOX SITUATED FEET FROM THE PLATE (IS DELIVERY HAD TO BE EXECUTED WITH A STRAIGHT ARM SWINGING PERPENDICULAR TO THE GROUND MEANING THAT ESSENTIALLY HE THREW UNDERHAND &ACING HIM WAS A BATTER WHO STOOD ASTRIDE A THREE FOOT LINE DRAWN THROUGH THE CENTER OF THE PLATE 4HE BATTER WAS AUTHORIZED TO REQUEST EITHER hHIGHv PITCHES BETWEEN HIS WAIST AND SHOULDERS OR hLOWv PITCHES BETWEEN HIS WAIST AND KNEES ,IKE TODAY A BATTER WAS GIVEN JUST THREE STRIKES BUT IN AN UMPIRE COULD NOT CALL THE lRST PITCH A STRIKE REGARDLESS OF ITS LOCATION UNLESS IT WAS SWUNG AT AND MISSED -ISSED WE NEED EMPHASIZE FOR IN AS WAS TRUE THROUGHOUT THE NINETEENTH CENTURY A FOUL BALL EVEN WITH FEWER THAN TWO STRIKES WAS NOT COUNTED AS A STRIKE ! BATTER IN THE lRST .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION SEASON WAS AWARDED lRST BASE AFTER ONLY THREE CALLED BALLS AS OPPOSED TO THE FOUR NEEDED TODAY (OWEVER BEFORE DEEMING A PITCH A BALL AN UMPIRE WAS OBLIGED TO WARN A PITCHER AN UNSPECIlED NUMBER OF TIMES FOR NOT DELIVERING hFAIRv PITCHES OR FOR DELAYING THE GAME (ENCE A BATTER HAD TO RECEIVE MANY MORE THAN THREE PITCHES OUTSIDE HIS CHOSEN STRIKE ZONE BEFORE HE WAS GIVEN HIS BASE !ND IF AN ERRANT PITCH SHOULD HAPPEN TO SMACK HIM IN THE RIBS IT WAS SIMPLY HIS HARD LUCK ! HIT BATSMAN WAS NOT GIVEN HIS BASE UNTIL GG
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THE MID S (E MIGHT NOT EVEN BE AWARDED A BALL IF THE PITCHER HAD NOT AS YET BEEN WARNED FOR FAILING TO DELIVER FAIR PITCHES 4HE DUEL BETWEEN BATTER AND lELDER WAS ALSO QUITE DIFFERENT IN 3INCE A HIT WAS DEEMED FAIR OR FOUL DEPENDING ON WHERE IT lRST STRUCK EARTH MANY BATTERS THRIVED ON ACCUMULATING FAIR FOUL HITS BY CHOPPING SHARPLY DOWN ON THE BALL TO GIVE IT h%NGLISHv AND CAUSE IT TO HIT THE FRONT HALF OF THE MARBLE PLATE WHICH WAS IN FAIR TERRITORY AND THEN INSTANTLY SPIN OFF INTO FOUL GROUND 4O GUARD AGAINST HITTERS WHO HAD MASTERED THIS CONTRIVANCE EITHER THE lRST OR THIRD BASEMAN AND SOMETIMES BOTHWOULD HUG THE LINE AND MIGHT EVEN STATION HIMSELF IN FOUL TERRITORY 4HE VISITING TEAM WAS REQUIRED TO FURNISH ONE NEW GAME BALL ALTHOUGH IN THE EVENT THE CLUBS PLAYED A SERIES OF GAMES AT THE SAME GROUNDS THE VISITORS AND THE HOME TEAM TOOK TURNS PROVID ING THE CONTESTS CENTERPIECE 4HE BALL WAS EXPECTED TO LAST THE ENTIRE GAME BUT THE HOME CLUB KEPT REPLACEMENT BALLS ON HAND IN CASE THE ORIGINAL BALL WAS LOST OR DAMAGED SO SEVERELY THAT IT COULD NO LONGER BE KEPT IN PLAY )N THE TEAMS TOSSED A COIN TO SEE WHICH WOULD BAT lRST OR LAST AND THE WINNING CAPTAIN CUSTOMARILY CHOSE THE FORMER IF ONLY SO THAT HIS BATSMEN WOULD GET lRST CRACK AT THE NEW GAME BALL 3UBSTITUTIONS WERE RARE GENERALLY OCCURRING ONLY WHEN A PLAYER WAS INJURED OR ILL !N INJURED PLAYER COULD REQUEST FOR A SUBSTITUTE TO RUN THE BASES FOR HIM AND STILL REMAIN IN THE GAME HOW EVER PROVIDED THE OPPOSING CAPTAIN AGREED TO IT 4HE SUBSTITUTE WOULD START FROM BEHIND HOME PLATE AND BEGIN RUNNING AS SOON AS THE BATTER FOR WHOM HE WAS A SURROGATE STRUCK THE BALL "ARRING INJURY A PITCHER WAS EXPECTED TO HURL THE FULL NINE INNINGS NO MATTER HOW BRUTALLY HE WAS BEING HAMMERED 7HEN A PITCHER WAS REPLACED IT WAS ALMOST ALWAYS BY A PLAYER ALREADY IN THE GAME WITH WHOM HE WOULD SIMPLY SWAP POSITIONS )N CATCHERS DID NOT YET WEAR MASKS CHEST PROTECTORS OR SHIN GUARDS LET ALONE GLOVES AND CONSEQUENTLY STAYED WELL BACK OF THE BATTER TO PREVENT BEING STRUCK BY FOUL TIPS !CTUALLY NO lELD ERS IN NOT EVEN lRST BASEMENWORE GLOVES .OR DID BASE RUNNERS WEAR SLIDING PADS &OR THE SAKE OF ECONOMY AND SIMPLICITY A SINGLE UMPIRE WORKED EACH GAME (E WAS STATIONED BEHIND THE CATCHER AND SELDOM VENTURED INTO THE PLAYING lELD )T WAS EVEN MADE A RULE IN THAT AN UMPIRE COULD NOT SET FOOT IN FAIR TERRITORY WHILE THE BALL WAS IN PLAY )N TIME THAT RULE WOULD BE RESCINDED AND MANY OF THE OTHER REGULATIONS THAT SEEM ODD BEYOND BELIEF TODAY WOULD ALSO VANISH BUT THEY WERE ALL AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE FABRIC OF THE GAME WHEN THE lRST MAJOR LEAGUE SEASON COMMENCED ON -AY 4HE UNLIKELY SITE OF THE HISTORIC INAUGURAL WAS &ORT 7AYNE )NDIANA WHERE THE #LEVELAND &OREST #ITYS OPPOSED THE LOCAL +EKIONGAS LARGELY BECAUSE "OSTON AND THE /LYMPICS THE TWO BLUE RIBBON CLUBS THAT HAD BEEN SLATED TO BREAK THE ICE FOR THE NEW LEAGUE WERE RAINED OUT IN THEIR OPENER IN 7ASHINGTON
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4HE &ORT 7AYNERS WON IN AN EXTRAORDINARILY WELL PLAYED GAME ESPECIALLY FOR SO EARLY IN THE SEASON AND SEIZED lRST PLACE 4HEY WERE SWIFTLY DEPOSED THOUGH BY #HICAGO WHICH WON ITS lRST SEVEN GAMES 3TILL UNBEATEN #HICAGO MET THE .EW 9ORK -UTUALS IN "ROOKLYN ON *UNE -UTUALS OWNER 7ILLIAM #AMMEYERS STIFF ` ADMISSION FEE KEPT MANY AWAY BUT AROUND PAID THEIR WAY INTO THE 5NION 'ROUNDS AND ANOTHER OR SO WATCHED FOR FREE FROM ROOFTOPS OR BY STANDING ON PUSHCARTS OUTSIDE THE FENCES .EW 9ORK WON AND TOOK OVER lRST PLACE BUT THEN STARTED LOSING AT AN ALARMING RATE PERHAPS DELIBERATELY #HARGES OF DUMPING GAMES WERE CONSTANTLY LEVELED AT THE -UTUALS ALL DURING THE .!S TENURE 5PON HEARING THAT "OSS 4WEED HAD INVESTED IN THE CLUB ONE WAG SAID h(E PROBABLY GOT IT ALL BACK AGAINv 4HE INFERENCE WAS THAT 4WEED CLANDESTINELY BET AGAINST HIS OWN TEAM 4WEED WAS AT THE ZENITH OF HIS POWER IN BUT A YEAR LATER HE WOULD BE IN JAIL 4HE 4ROY TEAM ALSO WAS UNDER DUBIOUS AUSPICES )TS FOUNDER WAS *IM -ORRISSEY AN EX #ONGRESSMAN WHO RAN A NATIONAL ELECTION BETTING CARTEL IN BUT CANCELED ALL BETS WHEN HE HEARD A RUMOR THAT THE $EMOCRATS AIMED TO SELL THE 4ILDEN PRESIDENCY TO THE 2EPUBLICANS IN RETURN FOR A PROMISE TO END 2ECONSTRUCTION IN THE 3OUTH 4HE 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS HAD AMONG THEIR DIRECTORS SEVERAL
j^[ ^Wi j_d]i Y Wi[ "ORN IN DURING THE -EXICAN 7AR 3COTT (ASTINGS WAS NAMED AFTER ITS MOST HEROIC lGURE 7IN lELD 3COTT )N (ASTINGS PLAYED WITH !L 3PALDING AND 2OSS "ARNES ON A STRONG 2OCKFORD TEAM BUT THEN WENT SOUTH THAT WINTER TO EARN EXTRA MONEY PLAYING FOR THE ,ONE 3TAR CLUB IN .EW /RLEANS (ASTINGS WAS STILL WITH THE ,ONE 3TARS ON !PRIL WHEN THEY MET #HICAGO IN AN EXHIBITION GAME PRIOR TO THE OPENING OF THE lRST .! SEASON )T WAS HIS LAST GAME FOR THE .EW /RLEANS CLUB (IS NEXT APPEARANCE CAME WITH 2OCKFORD ON -AY IN ITS OPENING LOSS TO #LEVELAND (ASTINGSS PRESENCE ON THE 2OCKFORDS WAS PROTESTED BY EVERY RIVAL CLUB BECAUSE OF A RULE THE .! DEVISED TO PREVENT ITS TEAMS FROM RAIDING ONE ANOTHER DURING THE SEASON BY OFFERING A COVETED PLAYER MORE MONEY &EARING THAT PLAYERS WOULD OTHERWISE JUMP TEAMS OR hREVOLVEv AT WILL THE .! STIPULATED THAT NO PLAYER UNDER CONTRACT COULD PLAY WITH ANOTHER CLUB FOR A PERIOD OF DAYS FROM HIS LAST GAME WITH HIS OLD CLUB 3INCE (ASTINGS HAD BEEN UNDER CONTRACT TO THE ,ONE 3TARS AND LAST PLAYED WITH THEM ON !PRIL HE WAS NOT ELIGIBLE TO PLAY FOR 2OCKFORD UNTIL *UNE 5PON A MOTION MADE BY & ( -ASON OF #LEVELAND AT THE LEAGUE MEETING ON .OVEMBER THE FOUR GAMES 2OCKFORD WON BEFORE *UNE WERE ERASED AND GIVEN INSTEAD TO THEIR OPPONENTS /NE CAN ONLY SPECULATE TODAY HOW 0HILADELPHIA WHICH STOOD TO GAIN TWO OF THOSE DISPUTED GAMES MIGHT HAVE PRODDED -ASON WHOSE CLUB STOOD TO GAIN NOTHING TANGIBLE FROM HIS MOTION TO PUT UP HIS HAND AND BEG THE CHAIR FOR RECOGNITION
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-ANY PARTICULARLY IN "OSTON STILL ARENT CONVINCED THAT THESE 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS WON THE lRST MAJOR LEAGUE PENNANT #HOPPED OFF AT THE LEFT EDGE OF THE ILLUSTRATION IS lRST BASEMAN 7EST &ISLER .OTE THAT EVERY TEAM MEMBER HAS FACIAL HAIR INCLUDING PITCHER MANAGER $ICK -C"RIDES MUTTONCHOPS 7ELL BEFORE THE TURN OF THE CENTURY STYLES WOULD CHANGE SO MUCH THAT THERE WOULD BE TEAM PICTURES IN WHICH NONE OF THE PRINCIPALS HAD FACIAL HAIR
BILLIARD PARLOR OPERATORS AND LIQUOR STORE OWNERS ALL OF THEM STAUNCH 2EPUBLICANS EAGER TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE hOPEN 3UNDAYv PERIOD IN THE NATIONS SECOND LARGEST CITY IN THE EARLY S 4HE !THLETICS BUSINESS MANAGER (ICKS (AYHURST WAS A CITY COUNCILMAN AND HAD CLOSE TIES TO THE LUCRATIVE BUSINESS OF TAX COLLECTING "UT IF .EW 9ORK AND 4ROY AND 0HILADELPHIA HAD THE STRONGEST POLITICAL AND lNANCIAL CLOUT "OSTON ON PAPER AT LEAST HAD THE BEST TEAM -ANAGER CENTERlELDER (ARRY 7RIGHT HAD COR RALLED THE CREAM OF THE UNBEATEN #INCINNATI 2ED 3TOCKINGS INCLUDING HIMSELF HIS BROTHER 'EORGE lRST BASEMAN #HARLIE 'OULD AND ALL PURPOSE STAR #AL -C6EY 4O COMPLEMENT THEM HE SNAGGED PITCHER !L 3PALDING SECOND SACKER 2OSS "ARNES AND OUTlELDER &RED #ONE THE HEART OF THE 2OCKFORD )LLINOIS TEAM IN )NJURIES TO 'EORGE 7RIGHT AND OTHER KEY REGULARS COST "OSTON A NUMBER OF GAMES BUT NO CLUB WAS MORE BESET BY ILL LUCK IN THE EARLY GOING THAN THE +EKIONGAS "Y MID !UGUST THE CO OP CLUB WHOSE PLAYERS ENTRUSTED THEIR ECONOMIC SECURITY TO A SHARE OF THE GATE RECEIPTS IN LIEU OF REGULAR SALARIES WAS FORCED TO FOLD AFTER "OBBY -ATHEWS AND 4OM #AREY DEFECTED AND MORE TEAM MEMBERS SOON FOLLOWED WHEN THE CLUB TREASURY GREW SO
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ed[C]Wc[h _ 4HE lRST MAN TO MAKE HIS MAJOR LEAGUE DEBUT AFTER CELEBRATING HIS TH BIRTHDAY WAS .ATE "ERKEN STOCK )N THE GAME BETWEEN #HICAGO AND 0HILADELPHIA ON /CTOBER THAT ULTIMATELY DECIDED THE INITIAL .! PENNANT "ERKENSTOCK PATROLLED RIGHT lELD FOR THE !THLETICS )T WAS HIS LONE BIG LEAGUE APPEARANCE "ERKENSTOCKS OPPORTUNITY CAME WHEN #OUNT 3ENSENDERFER HURT HIS KNEE FORCING THE !THLETICS TO MOVE 'EORGE "ECHTEL TO CENTER FROM HIS CUSTOMARY POST IN RIGHT "ERKENSTOCK HAD PLAYED THROUGHOUT THE S BUT WAS CONSIDERED TOO OLD TO CLAIM A ROSTER SPOT ON A TEAM WHEN THE .! FORMED 4HE JUDGMENT SEEMED RIGHT !FTER BEING BROUGHT OUT OF MOTHBALLS "ERKENSTOCK FANNED THREE TIMES IN FOUR PLATE APPEARANCES BUT THE !THLETICS WON NEVERTHELESS TO STAKE CLAIM TO THE CHAMPIONSHIP mAG
DEPLETED THAT COMPENSATION WAS NO LONGER EVEN A DREAM 4HE %CKFORD CLUB OF "ROOKLYN AFTER DECLINING TO JOIN THE .! REPLACED THE +EKIONGAS ON !UGUST WITH THE AGREEMENT THAT THEIR GAMES WOULD NOT COUNT IN THE STANDINGS AND THAT ALL UNPLAYED GAMES BY THE +EKIONGAS THAT WERE NEEDED TO COMPLETE A SEASON SERIES WITH EACH TEAM WERE DECLARED FORFEIT .INE SUCH GAMES WERE AT STAKE AND FORTUNATELY THE TOP THREE CONTENDERS #HICAGO "OSTON AND 0HILADELPHIA PROlTED EQUALLY %ACH RECEIVED ONE BONUS FORFEIT WIN DUE TO THE +EKIONGAS PRECIPITOUS DEPARTURE BUT IT WAS THE LONE ISSUE IN THE PENNANT RACE UPON WHICH THE THREE WOULD AGREE !LL OF THE BROUHAHA MIGHT HAVE BEEN AVERTED BUT FOR THE INFAMOUS MISHAP IN -RS /,EARYS BARN 7HETHER THAT KEROSENE LAMP WAS KICKED OVER BY A CLUMSY COW OR BY A CERTAIN ,OUIS #OHN WHO GOT OVEREXCITED IN THE MIDST OF A CRAPS GAME THE 2OCKFORD TEAM ARRIVING IN #HICAGO ON THE MORNING OF /CTOBER FOR A GAME THAT AFTERNOON WAS REPELLED BY A GARGANTUAN BLAZE 4HE GREAT #HICAGO lRE DESTROYED NOT ONLY THE #HICAGO TEAMS BALLPARK BUT ALSO DECIMATED THE HOMES OF MANY OF ITS PLAYERS AS WELL AS THE BANKS HOLDING THEIR MONEY "ROKE AND BEREFT OF EQUIPMENT AND UNIFORMS THE DEMORALIZED 7HITE 3TOCKINGS lNISHED THE SEASON ON THE ROAD WITH THREE STRAIGHT LOSSES 4HE lNAL DEFEAT CAME ON /CTOBER AT "ROOKLYNS 5NION 'ROUNDS WITH #HICAGO ACTING AS hHOME TEAMv AGAINST THE !THLETICS IN A GAME THAT WAS BILLED AS BEING FOR THE PENNANT "UT EVEN AFTER 0HILADELPHIA WON THE RACE WAS FAR FROM SETTLED 3TILL UNRESOLVED WERE FOUR EARLY SEASON GAMES THAT 2OCKFORD HAD WON WITH AN ALLEGEDLY INELIGIBLE PLAYER 3COTT (ASTINGS BEHIND THE BAT 7ORSE YET THE #HAMPIONSHIP #OMMITTEE HAD NEVER DElNITELY DECIDED WHETHER THE PENNANT BELONGED TO THE TEAM WITH THE MOST TOTAL WINS OR THE TEAM THAT WON THE MOST SEASON SERIES .OR
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j^[ \_hij cW`eh b[W]k[ ]Wc[ (ERE IS THE BOX SCORE OF THE .ATIONAL !SSOCIATIONS INAUGURAL GAME TOGETHER WITH THE STORY OF IT THAT A LONG FORGOTTEN REPORTER DISPATCHED TO THE .EW 9ORK (ERALD 4HE PLAY BY PLAY ACCOUNT HAS BEEN EDITED FOR THE SAKE OF CLARITY BUT NOTHING WILL EVER CHANGE HOW CRISP A GAME IT WAS OR THE REMARKABLY PROMINENT ROLE THAT BOTH CATCHERS PLAYED 4HE lNEST GAME OF BASE BALL EVER WITNESSED IN THIS COUNTRY WAS PLAYED ON THE GROUNDS OF THE +EKIONGAS OF THIS CITY THIS AFTERNOON THE PLAYING THROUGHOUT BEING WITHOUT PRECEDENT IN THE ANNALS OF BASE BALL AND THE MEMBERS OF BOTH CLUBS ESTABLISHING BEYOND DOUBT THEIR REPUTATION AS AMONG THE MOST PERFECT BALL PLAYERS IN THE 5NITED 3TATES .OT AN ERROR WAS MADE BY #LEVELAND AND ONLY THREE BY &ORT 7AYNE 4HE BATTING WAS NOT AS HEAVY AS SOME THOUGH THE PITCHING WAS SUPERIOR %SPECIALLY WAS THAT OF -ATHEWS OF &ORT 7AYNE COMMENTED UPON 4HE UMPIRING WAS FAIR IMPARTIAL AND ENTIRELY SATISFACTORY TO BOTH CLUBS /WING TO THE THREATENING INDICATIONS OF THE WEATHER NOT OVER "OBBY -ATHEWS WINNER OF THE lRST GAME IN MAJOR LEAGUE HISTORY .OT ONLY DID -ATHEWS ALSO GAIN THE HONOR OF THROWING THE lRST SHUTOUT BUT HIS LIDLIFTER ALSO PROVED TO BE THE LOWEST SCORING GAME OF THE ENTIRE .! SEASON -ATHEWS FELL ONLY THREE WINS SHORT OF BECOMING THE lRST PITCHER TO COLLECT VICTORIES WHEN HE WAS UNABLE TO REBOUND FROM AN ARM INJURY HE SUSTAINED IN THE SPRING OF HIS lNAL -, SEASON
lVE HUNDRED PERSONS WERE ON THE GROUND 4HE ENTHUSIASM RAN HIGH AMONG THE SPECTATORS AND WE DOUBT IF A GAME IN THIS COUNTRY WAS EVER WITNESSED WITH CLOSER ATTENTION 4HE +EKIONGAS WON THE TOSS AND SENT THE &OREST #ITYS TO THE BAT 4HE FOLLOWING IS THE GAME BY INNINGS
&/2%34 #)49 #LEVELAND AT +%+)/.'!3 &ORT 7AYNE -AY
#,%6%,!.$ &/24 7!9.% !" 2 ( / ! !" 2 ( / ! * 7HITE C
3ELLMAN RF
+IMBALL B
-ATHEWS P
0ABOR CF
&ORAN B
!LLISON RF
'OLDSMITH B
% 7HITE LF
,ENNON C
0RATT P
#AREY SS
3UTTON B
-INCHER LF
#ARLETON B
-C$ERMOTT CF
"ASS SS +ELLY B 4OTALS
4OTALS
#LEVELAND
&ORT 7AYNE
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&)2 34 ). . ) . ' #LEVELAND* 7HITE DOUBLED +IMBALL LINED OUT TO #AREY WHO MADE AN UNASSISTED DOUBLE PLAY WHEN 7HITE STRAYED OFF SECOND THINKING THE BALL WOULD GO THROUGH 0ABOR FOULED OUT TO ,ENNON &ORT 7AYNE3ELLMAN FOULED OUT TO * 7HITE -ATHEWS WAS RETIRED WHEN * 7HITE TOOK HIS FOUL mY ON ONE BOUNCE &ORAN SINGLED 'OLDSMITH FOULED OUT TO * 7HITE 3%#/.$ ) . . ) . ' #LEVELAND!LLISON STRUCK OUT BUT REACHED lRST WHEN ,ENNON MISHANDLED THE THIRD STRIKE % 7HITE STRUCK OUT BUT !LLISON MOVED TO SECOND AFTER ESCAPING A RUN DOWN INVOLVING #AREY AND +ELLY 0RATT FOULED OUT TO &ORAN -INCHER MADE A lNE RUNNING CATCH OF 3UTTONS DRIVE TO RETIRE THE SIDE AND STRAND !LLISON AT SECOND &ORT 7AYNE,ENNON DOUBLED TO LEFT !LLISON SNAGGED #AREYS mY WITH ONE HAND AFTER A LONG RUN -INCHER mIED TO +IMBALL -C$ERMOTT SINGLED TO SCORE ,ENNON FROM SECOND +ELLY FOULED OUT TO * 7HITE /NE RUN 4 ()2 $ ). . ) . ' #LEVELAND#ARLETON FANNED "ASS mIED TO -INCHER * 7HITE FOULED OUT TO ,ENNON &ORT 7AYNE* 7HITE PUT OUT 3ELLMAN BY GRABBING HIS FOUL mY ON ONE BOUNCE AND THEN RETIRED -ATHEWS WITH A lNE CATCH OF HIS FOUL TIP .OTE ! BATTER WAS OUT IN IF A CATCHER CAUGHT A FOUL TIP ON EITHER THE mY OR THE lRST BOUNCE &ORAN mIED OUT TO % 7HITE &/524 ( ) . . ) . ' #LEVELAND+IMBALL AND 0ABOR BOTH mIED TO 3ELLMAN !LLISON FOULED OUT TO ,ENNON &ORT 7AYNE'OLDSMITH DREW A BASE ON BALLS ,ENNON FOULED OUT TO * 7HITE #AREY REACHED lRST AFTER FORCING 'OLDSMITH AT SECOND -INCHER POPPED TO 0RATT &)&4 ( ). . ) . ' #LEVELAND% 7HITE STRUCK OUT 0RATT WALKED 3UTTON SINGLED SENDING 0RATT TO THIRD BUT WAS CAUGHT OFF lRST WHEN HE ROUNDED THE BAG TOO FAR #ARLTON mIED TO -INCHER &ORT 7AYNE-C$ERMOTT GROUNDED OUT +ELLY SINGLED MOVED TO THIRD ON TWO PASSED BALLS AND THEN SCORED WHEN 3ELLMAN GROUNDED OUT * 7HITE CAUGHT -ATHEWSS FOUL mY ON ONE BOUNCE /NE RUN 3)8 4 ( ). . ) . ' #LEVELAND"ASS mIED TO -INCHER * 7HITE REACHED lRST ON 'OLDSMITHS ERROR AND WENT TO SECOND ON A PASSED BALL +IMBALL mIED TO &ORAN 0ABOR POPPED TO -ATHEWS &ORT 7AYNE&ORAN mIED TO +IMBALL 'OLDSMITHS FOUL TIP WAS CAUGHT BY * 7HITE ,ENNON mIED TO "ASS 3%6%.4 ( ) . . ) . ' #LEVELAND!LLISON REACHED lRST ON 'OLDSMITHS ERROR ,ENNON NAILED !LLISON WHEN HE TRIED TO STEAL TO SECOND AS % 7HITE STRUCK OUT 0RATT POPPED TO #AREY &ORT 7AYNE#AREY -INCHER AND -C$ERMOTT ALL GROUNDED OUT %)'(4 ( ) . . ) . ' #LEVELAND3UTTON FOULED OUT TO ,ENNON #ARLTON GROUNDED OUT "ASS POPPED TO 'OLDSMITH &ORT 7AYNE+ELLY mIED TO !LLISON 3ELLMAN mIED TO +IMBALL -ATHEWS GROUNDED OUT .).4 ( ). . ) . ' #LEVELAND* 7HITE SINGLED TO CENTER BUT WAS CAUGHT AT SECOND BY -C$ERMOTT WHEN HE TRIED TO STRETCH IT +IMBALL mIED TO 3ELLMAN 0ABOR REACHED lRST WHEN -C$ERMOTT MUFFED HIS mY !LLISON FANNED &ORT 7AYNE3INCE THE RULES IN REQUIRED THAT A FULL GAME BE PLAYED EVEN IF THE TEAM UP LAST WAS AHEAD GOING INTO THE BOTTOM OF THE NINTH THE +EKIONGAS TOOK THEIR LAST RAPS &ORAN AND 'OLDSMITH BOTH GROUNDED TO 0RATT -OMENTS AFTER ,ENNON TAPPED OUT TO SHORT RAIN WHICH HAD THREATENED ALL DAY BEGAN COMING DOWN IN SHEETS
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WAS THE COMMITTEE CLEAR ON WHETHER GAMES SHOULD COUNT AFTER A TEAM HAD ALREADY CLINCHED A BEST OF lVE SERIES 4HOROUGHLY BEFUDDLED DIFFERENT NEWSPAPERS PRINTED DIFFERENT STANDINGS ON ANY GIVEN DAY AND EVEN THE SAME PAPER WOULD PRINT STANDINGS ONE WEEK THAT WERE AT ODDS WITH THE STANDINGS IT HAD RUN THE PREVIOUS WEEK /N .OVEMBER IN 0HILADELPHIA LOOP PRESIDENT *AMES 7 +ERNS CALLED A MEETING TO SORT OUT THE CONFUSION AND lND A WAY TO NAME A CHAMPION BY .OVEMBER (ARRY 7RIGHT COULD NOT HAVE FELT EASY IN HIS MIND WHEN HE REALIZED THAT +ERNS AND THE !THLETICS IN THEIR ROLE AS HOSTS OF THE MEETING MEANT TO PROVIDE REFRESHMENTS NAMELY CHAMPAGNE )N THE CONVIVIAL ATMOSPHERE IT WAS PERHAPS INEVITABLE THAT THE COMMITTEE AFTER WAFmING ALL SEASON RESOLVED ENOUGH OF THE CONTESTED ISSUES IN THE !THLETICS FAVOR TO CROWN THEM THE lRST MAJOR LEAGUE CHAMPIONS 4HE MOST CRUCIAL DECISION WAS THE COMMITTEES VOTE TO REVOKE THE 2OCKFORD CLUBS FOUR WINS PRIOR TO *UNE IN WHICH (ASTINGS HAD TAKEN PART /NCE TWO OF THE WINS WHICH HAD COME AT THE !THLETICS EXPENSE WERE CHANGED TO 0HILADELPHIA VICTORIES THE !THLETICS HAD ONE MORE WIN THAN "OSTON IN GAMES ACTUALLY PLAYED AND A BETTER WINNING PERCENTAGE EVEN AFTER UNPLAYED FORFEITS WERE ADDED TO THE MIX
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4(% 3%!3/.!, 2%#/2$ /&&)#)!, 34!.$).'3 ' 7 , 0CT ( 2 '" !TTENDANCE 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS "OSTON 2ED 3TOCKINGS #HICAGO 7HITE 3TOCKINGS .EW 9ORK -UTUAL 7ASHINGTON /LYMPICS 4ROY 5NIONS #LEVELAND &OREST #ITYS &ORT 7AYNE +EKIONGAS 2OCKFORD &OREST #ITYS
.OTES 4HE SCHEDULE CALLED FOR TEAMS TO PLAY A BEST OF lVE SERIES AGAINST EACH OTHER WITH THE GAMES COUNTING ONLY UNTIL A TEAM WON THREE GAMES IN A SERIES 4HE OFlCIAL STANDINGS ARE BASED ON GAMES WON WHETHER ON THE PLAYING lELD OR BY FORFEIT 'AMES PLAYED AT NEUTRAL SITES ARE OMITTED FROM (OME AND 2OAD RECORDS
34!.$).'3 INCLUDING ONLY GAMES ACTUALLY PLAYED ' 7 , 0CT '" 0HILADELPHIA "OSTON #HICAGO .EW 9ORK 7ASHINGTON 4ROY #LEVELAND &ORT 7AYNE 2OCKFORD
34!.$).'3 RESTORING 2OCKFORD WINS THAT WERE LATER DECLARED FORFEITS ' 7 , 0CT '" "OSTON #HICAGO 0HILADELPHIA .EW 9ORK 7ASHINGTON 4ROY #LEVELAND 2OCKFORD &ORT 7AYNE
0HI "OS #HI .9 7AS 4RO #LE &7 2OC 4OT 0HILADELPHIA "OSTON #HICAGO .EW 9ORK 7ASHINGTON 4ROY #LEVELAND &ORT 7AYNE 2OCKFORD
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3%!3/. ,%!$%23 "ATTING !VERAGE !"S
3LUGGING !VERAGE
/N "ASE 0ERCENTAGE
-EYERLE 0HILADELPHIA -C6EY "OSTON ' 7RIGHT "OSTON "ARNES "OSTON 3 +ING 4ROY
-EYERLE 0HILADELPHIA 0IKE 4ROY "ASS #LEVELAND ' 7RIGHT "OSTON "ARNES "OSTON
-EYERLE 0HILADELPHIA ' 7RIGHT "OSTON "ARNES "OSTON -C6EY "OSTON 7OOD #HICAGO
4OTAL "ASES
(OME 2UNS
2")
-EYERLE 0HILADELPHIA "ARNES "OSTON 0IKE 4ROY -C6EY "OSTON 3 +ING 4ROY
0IKE 4ROY 4REACEY #HICAGO -EYERLE 0HILADELPHIA "ASS #LEVELAND #UTHBERT 0HILADELPHIA
7OLTERS .EW 9ORK -C6EY "OSTON -EYERLE 0HILADELPHIA 0IKE 4ROY 3 +ING 4ROY 2EACH 0HILADELPHIA
2UNS
(ITS
"ASES /N "ALLS
"ARNES "OSTON "IRDSALL "OSTON 2ADCLIFF 0HILADELPHIA #UTHBERT 0HILADELPHIA 7ATERMAN 7ASHINGTON 3TOLEN "ASES $ATA )NCOMPLETE
-C6EY "OSTON -EYERLE 0HILADELPHIA "ARNES "OSTON 3TART .EW 9ORK 3 +ING 4ROY
0INKHAM #HICAGO ( 7RIGHT "OSTON "ARNES "OSTON 7OOD #HICAGO 4HREE WITH
3TRIKEOUTS
/03
-C'EARY 4ROY 7OOD #HICAGO #UTHBERT 0HILADELPHIA ,EONARD 7ASHINGTON %GGLER .EW 9ORK
7OLTERS .EW 9ORK (AM 2OCKFORD 0IKE 4ROY -ACK 2OCKFORD 4HREE WITH
-EYERLE 0HILADELPHIA ' 7RIGHT "OSTON 0IKE 4ROY "ARNES "OSTON -C6EY "OSTON
0)4#().' 7INS
,OSSES
)NNINGS
3PALDING "OSTON -C"RIDE 0HILADELPHIA :ETTLEIN #HICAGO 7OLTERS .EW 9ORK -C-ULLIN 4ROY "RAINARD 7ASHINGTON
0RATT #LEVELAND 7OLTERS .EW 9ORK &ISHER 2OCKFORD -C-ULLIN 4ROY "RAINARD 7ASHINGTON
7OLTERS .EW 9ORK "RAINARD 7ASHINGTON 3PALDING "OSTON -C-ULLIN 4ROY :ETTLEIN #HICAGO
#OMPLETE 'AMES
3TRIKEOUTS
7INNING 0ERCENTAGE DECISIONS
7OLTERS .EW 9ORK "RAINARD 7ASHINGTON -C-ULLIN 4ROY :ETTLEIN #HICAGO -C"RIDE 0HILADELPHIA
0RATT #LEVELAND 3PALDING "OSTON :ETTLEIN #HICAGO 7OLTERS .EW 9ORK -ATHEWS &ORT 7AYNE
-C"RIDE 0HILADELPHIA :ETTLEIN #HICAGO 3PALDING "OSTON 7OLTERS .EW 9ORK /THERS ALL BELOW
%2! INNINGS
,OWEST //"0
,OWEST /"!
:ETTLEIN #HICAGO 3PALDING "OSTON 7OLTERS .EW 9ORK 0RATT #LEVELAND &ISHER 2OCKFORD
:ETTLEIN #HICAGO 7OLTERS .EW 9ORK 3PALDING #HICAGO &ISHER 2OCKFORD 0RATT #LEVELAND
7OLTERS .EW 9ORK :ETTLEIN #HICAGO 3PALDING "OSTON 0RATT #LEVELAND -C"RIDE 0HILADELPHIA
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&)%,$).' 0UTOUTS
!SSISTS
&IELDING !VERAGE
&LYNN 4ROY -ACK 2OCKFORD -C!TEE #HICAGO % -ILLS 7ASHINGTON
&ISLER 0HILADELPHIA % -ILLS 7ASHINGTON &LYNN 4ROY
7OOD #HICAGO !DDY 2OCKFORD 2EACH 0HILADELPHIA
7OOD #HICAGO "ARNES "OSTON #RAVER 4ROY
" 3CHAFER "OSTON "ELLAN 4ROY 7ATERMAN 7ASHINGTON
3CHAFER "OSTON 7ATERMAN 7ASHINGTON &ERGUSON .EW 9ORK
3UTTON #LEVELAND &ERGUSON .EW 9ORK !NSON 2OCKFORD
33 &ORCE 7ASHINGTON "ARNES "OSTON $UFFY #HICAGO
&ORCE 7ASHINGTON 2ADCLIFF 0HILADELPHIA 0EARCE .EW 9ORK
&ORCE 7ASHINGTON 2ADCLIFF 0HILADELPHIA 0EARCE .EW 9ORK
&IVE WITH
3IMMONS #HICAGO +ELLEY &ORT 7AYNE 'LENN 7ASHINGTON
( 7RIGHT "OSTON 9ORK 4ROY 4HREE TIED WITH
(ALL 7ASHINGTON %GGLER .EW 9ORK ! !LLISON #LEVELAND
,& (ATlELD .EW 9ORK #UTHBERT 0HILADELPHIA 4REACEY #HICAGO
4REACEY #HICAGO +ING 4ROY (AM 2OCKFORD
4REACEY #HICAGO #UTHBERT 0HILADELPHIA #ONE "OSTON
# $ 7HITE #LEVELAND -ALONE 0HILADELPHIA # -ILLS .EW 9ORK
-ALONE 0HILADELPHIA -C'REARY 4ROY 7HITE #LEVELAND
-C'EARY 4ROY -C6EY "OSTON # -ILLS .EW 9ORK
0 &ISHER 2OCKFORD 0RATT #LEVELAND -C"RIDE 0HILADELPHIA
&ISHER 2OCKFORD 3PALDING "OSTON 0RATT #LEVELAND
&ISHER 2OCKFORD -C"RIDE 0HILADELPHIA 0RATT #LEVELAND
$OUBLE 0LAYS
%RRORS
4# 'AME
" 'OULD "OSTON % -ILLS 7ASHINGTON -C!TEE #HICAGO
'OULD "OSTON #ARLTON #LEVELAND 3TART .EW 9ORK
'OULD "OSTON % -ILLS 7ASHINGTON 3TART .EW 9ORK
" 7OOD #HICAGO #RAVER 4ROY 2EACH 0HILADELPHIA "ARNES "OSTON
!DDY 2OCKFORD +IMBALL #LEVELAND 2EACH 0HILADELPHIA
!DDY 2OCKFORD 7OOD #HICAGO 2EACH 0HILADELPHIA
" 'OULD "OSTON % -ILLS 7ASHINGTON 3TART .EW 9ORK " 7OOD #HICAGO 2EACH 0HILADELPHIA !DDY 2OCKFORD
2& 3TIRES 2OCKFORD 'LENN 7ASHINGTON 0IKE 4ROY #& (ALL 7ASHINGTON %GGLER .EW 9ORK 9ORK 4ROY
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" 3CHAFER "OSTON 7ATERMAN 7ASHINGTON "ELLAN 4ROY
3CHAFER "OSTON 7ATERMAN 7ASHINGTON -EYERLE 0HILADELPHIA
0INKHAM #HICAGO 3CHAFER "OSTON 7ATERMAN 7ASHINGTON
33 ' 7RIGHT "OSTON &LOWERS 4ROY 0EARCE .EW 9ORK
$UFFY #HICAGO &ORCE 7ASHINGTON 2ADCLIFF 0HILADELPHIA
&ORCE 7ASHINGTON 2ADCLIFF 0HILADELPHIA $UFFY #HICAGO
2& &LYNN 4ROY 'LENN 7ASHINGTON -ANY TIED WITH
"IRDSALL "OSTON (EUBEL 0HILADELPHIA &LYNN 4ROY 3TIRES 2OCKFORD
3TIRES 2OCKFORD +ELLEY &ORT 7AYNE 'LENN 7ASHINGTON
3ENSENDERFER 0HILADELPHIA 9ORK 4ROY &OLEY #HICAGO
(ALL 7ASHINGTON %GGLER .EW 9ORK 9ORK 4ROY
3 +ING 4ROY (ATlELD .EW 9ORK (AM 2OCKFORD
(ATlELD .EW 9ORK #UTHBERT 0HILADELPHIA 4REACEY #HICAGO
#& 9ORK 4ROY &OUR TIED WITH ,& (AM 2OCKFORD 4REACEY #HICAGO
# $ !LLISON 7ASHINGTON $ 7HITE #LEVELAND -ALONE 0HILADELPHIA (ASTINGS 2OCKFORD -ALONE 0HILADELPHIA $ 7HITE #LEVELAND $ 7HITE #LEVELAND (ODES #HICAGO (ODES #HICAGO 0ASSED "ALL ,EADERS $ 7HITE #LEVELAND # -ILLS .EW 9ORK (ASTINGS 2OCKFORD 0 0RATT #LEVELAND &ISHER 2OCKFORD &OUR WITH
3PALDING "OSTON :ETTLEIN #HICAGO 0RATT #LEVELAND
&ISHER 2OCKFORD 0RATT #LEVELAND -ATHEWS &ORT 7AYNE
&! AND 4#' LEADERS MUST PLAY IN AT LEAST TWO THIRDS OF THEIR TEAMS GAMES AT A POSITION TO QUALIFY AS LEADERS AT THAT POSITION #ATCHERS AND PITCHERS ARE EXCEPTED #ATCHERS MUST PLAY IN AT LEAST HALF THEIR TEAMS GAMES AT CATCHER TO QUALIFY PITCHERS MUST PLAY IN A MINIMUM OF GAMES AS A PITCHER IN TO QUALIFY AS 4#' LEADERS OR ELSE ACCEPT A MINIMUM OF CHANCES TO QUALIFY AS &! LEADERS &IGURES ARE CARRIED TO AS MANY EXTRA DIGITS AS ARE NECESSARY TO BREAK TIES
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' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3/ 3" #3 "! 3! /"0 ,& .ED #UTHBERT " 7EST &ISLER 33 *OHN 2ADCLIFF # &ERGY -ALONE " !L 2EACH 0 $ICK -C"RIDE " ,EVI -EYERLE #& #OUNT 3ENSENDERFER 54 'EORGE "ECHTEL 2& 'EORGE (EUBEL 3UB 4OM 0RATT 3UB 4OM "ERRY 3UB .ATE "ERKENSTOCK
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"&ISLER 0RATT (EUBEL "2EACH &ISLER 332ADCLIFF "-EYERLE "ECHTEL /&#UTHBERT 3ENSENDERFER (EUBEL "ECHTEL "ERKENSTOCK "ERRY #-ALONE #UTHBERT 0-C"RIDE "ECHTEL -EYERLE
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! 2ADCLIFF 33 -ALONE # #UTHBERT ,& &ISLER " 2EACH " -EYERLE " -C"RIDE 0 3ENSENDERFER #& (EUBEL 2& "ECHTEL 2&
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! 70 (2 $ICK -C"RIDE 'EORGE "ECHTEL ,EVI -EYERLE FORFEIT 7INS VS 2OCKFORD VS &ORT 7AYNE OF THE FORFEIT WINS WERE ORIGINALLY LOSSES CREDITED TO -C"RIDE
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(ARRY 7RIGHT 3OUTH %ND 'ROUNDS ) ' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3/ 3" #3 "! 3! /"0 " 2OSS "ARNES # #AL -C6EY 2& $AVE "IRDSALL " #HARLIE 'OULD " (ARRY 3CHAFER #& (ARRY 7RIGHT 0 !L 3PALDING 3UB &RANK "URROWS 33 'EORGE 7RIGHT ,& &RED #ONE 3UB 3AM *ACKSON
"'OULD ' 7RIGHT ""ARNES *ACKSON "ARROWS 3CHAFER 33' 7RIGHT "ARNES ( 7RIGHT *ACKSON "3CHAFER "ARNES -C6EY /&( 7RIGHT "IRDSALL #ONE "ARROWS 3PALDING -C6EY *ACKSON 'OULD #-C6EY "IRDSALL 03PALDING ( 7RIGHT
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0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! 3CHAFER " 3PALDING 0 'OULD " ( 7RIGHT #& -C6EY # "IRDSALL 2& #ONE ,& "ARROWS ,& "ARNES " 33 ' 7RIGHT 33 *ACKSON "
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! 70 (2 !L 3PALDING (ARRY 7RIGHT FORFEIT 7S VS &ORT 7AYNE VS .EW 9ORK ON /CTOBER WHEN .EW 9ORK FAILED TO APPEAR
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*IMMY 7OOD 5NION 'ROUNDS ' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3/ 3" #3 "! 3! /"0 " *IMMY 7OOD " "UB -C!TEE # #HARLIE (ODES 2& *OE 3IMMONS 0 'EORGE :ETTLEIN ,& &RED 4REACEY 33 %D $UFFY #& -ART +ING " %D 0INKHAM 3UB 4OM &OLEY 3UB -IKE "RANNOCK
"-C!TEE 3IMMONS "7OOD 33$UFFY +ING (ODES "0INKHAM (ODES "RANNOCK $UFFY &OLEY +ING /&4REACEY 3IMMONS &OLEY +ING 0INKHAM (ODES :ETTLEIN #(ODES +ING &OLEY 0:ETTLEIN 0INKHAM
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! 7OOD :ETTLEIN -C!TEE $UFFY 4REACEY
" 0 " 33 ,&
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0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! 3IMMONS 2& (ODES # h " 0INKHAM " &OLEY #& +ING #&
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! 70 (2 'EORGE :ETTLEIN %D 0INKHAM FORFEIT WIN VS &ORT 7AYNE
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"OB &ERGUSON 5NION 'ROUNDS "ROOKLYN ' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3/ 3" #3 "! 3! /"0 ,& *OHN (ATlELD 33 $ICKEY 0EARCE " *OE 3TART " "OB &ERGUSON 2& 4OM 0ATTERSON #& $AVE %GGLER # #HARLIE -ILLS 0 2YNIE 7OLTERS " $ICK (IGHAM 3UB #HARLIE 3MITH 3UB &RANK &LEET
"3TART "(IGHAM &ERGUSON (ATlELD 3MITH 0ATTERSON -ILLS 330EARCE "&ERGUSON 3MITH (ATlELD -ILLS 7OLTERS /&%GGLER 0ATTERSON (ATlELD (IGHAM -ILLS #-ILLS &ERGUSON (IGHAM 07OLTERS &LEET &ERGUSON
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! 3TART " 0EARCE 33 %GGLER #& 7OLTERS 0 0ATTERSON 2& -ILLS # (ATlELD ,& &ERGUSON " h " (IGHAM " 3MITH "
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' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! 70 (2 2YNIE 7OLTERS &RANK &LEET "OB &ERGUSON FORFEIT 7 VS &ORT 7AYNE FORFEIT , VS "OSTON ON /CT
mWi^_d] j ed .ICK 9OUNG /LYMPIC 'ROUNDS
' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3/ 3" #3 "! 3! /"0 33 $AVY &ORCE " &RED 7ATERMAN " %V -ILLS " !NDY ,EONARD #& 'EORGE (ALL 0 !SA "RAINARD # $OUG !LLISON 2& *OHN 'LENN ,& (ARRY "ERTHRONG 3UB (ENRY "URROUGHS 3UB 4OMMY "EALS 3UB #HARLIE 3WEASY 0 "ILL 3TEARNS 3UB 7ARREN 7HITE 3UB &RANK .ORTON
"-ILLS ",EONARD 3WEASY "ERTHRONG "EALS 7HITE "URROUGHS "7ATERMAN "URROUGHS &ORCE .ORTON 33&ORCE ,EONARD /&(ALL 'LENN "ERTHRONG ,EONARD "EALS "URROUGHS .ORTON #!LLISON 7ATERMAN "ERTHRONG 0"RAINARD 3TEARNS
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! % -ILLS " &ORCE 33 (ALL #& "RAINARD 0 7ATERMAN " $ !LLISON # 'LENN 2& ,EONARD " h ,& "ERTHRONG ,&
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' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! 70 (2 !SA "RAINARD "ILL 3TEARNS FORFEIT WINS VS &ORT 7AYNE VS 2OCKFORD
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,IP 0IKE "ILL #RAVER 2ENSSELAER 0ARK ALSO KNOWN AS 5NION 'ROUNDS ' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3/ 3" #3 "! 3! /"0 # -IKE -C'EARY #& 4OM 9ORK ,& 3TEVE +ING " #LIPPER &LYNN 0 *OHN -C-ULLIN 2& ,IP 0IKE " 3TEVE "ELLAN " "ILL #RAVER 33 $ICKIE &LOWERS 3UB .ED #ONNOR 3UB % 0 "EAVENS 3UB &RANK !BERCROMBIE
"&LYNN #ONNOR 0IKE #RAVER "#RAVER 0IKE "EAVENS #ONNOR &LOWERS &LYNN 33&LOWERS #RAVER -C'EARY "ELLAN !BERCROMBIE -C-ULLIN ""ELLAN &LYNN /&+ING 9ORK 0IKE &LYNN #ONNOR #RAVER #-C'EARY #RAVER 0-C-ULLIN &LOWERS
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! +ING ,& 9ORK #& -C-ULLIN 0 "ELLAN " -C'EARY # &LOWERS 33 &LYNN " #RAVER " 0IKE 2&
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! 70 (2 *OHN -C-ULLIN $ICKIE &LOWERS FORFEIT 7S VS &ORT 7AYNE NOT PLAYED AND ON *UNE WHEN &ORT 7AYNE REFUSED TO PLAY WITH A NEW BALL IN THE TH INNING WHILE LEADING
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#HARLIE 0ABOR !SSOCIATION 'ROUNDS ' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3/ 3" #3 "! 3! /"0 # $EACON 7HITE ,& #HARLIE 0ABOR #& !RT !LLISON " 'ENE +IMBALL 0 !L 0RATT " %ZRA 3UTTON " *IM #ARLETON 33 *OHN "ASS 2& %LMER 7HITE 3UB #ALEB *OHNSON 3UB *OE 1UEST 3UB *OE "ATTIN 3UB 'EORGE %WELL
"#ARLETON "+IMBALL *OHNSON 1UEST !LLISON $ 7HITE 33"ASS +IMBALL $ 7HITE 1UEST "3UTTON +IMBALL $ 7HITE /&!LLISON 0ABOR % 7HITE +IMBALL *OHNSON 0RATT 3UTTON "ATTIN %WELL $ 7HITE #$ 7HITE % 7HITE "ASS 3UTTON 00RATT 0ABOR
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! #ARLETON " * 7HITE # 3UTTON " ! !LLISON #& 0RATT 0 0ABOR ,& "ASS 33 +IMBALL " % 7HITE 2& *OHNSON "
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! 70 (2 !L 0RATT #HARLIE 0ABOR
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"ILL ,ENNON (ARRY $EANE 4HE 'RAND $UCHESS ALSO KNOWN AS (AMILTON &IELD ' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3/ 3" #3 "! 3! /"0 " *IM &ORAN 0 "OBBY -ATHEWS
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' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3/ 3" #3 "! 3! /"0 33 7ALLY 'OLDSMITH " 4OM #AREY 2& "ILL +ELLY " &RANK 3ELLMAN #& "OB !RMSTRONG # "ILL ,ENNON ,& %D -INCHER 3UB 0ETE $ONNELLY 3UB *IMMY (ALLINAN 3UB (ARRY $EANE 3UB *OE 1UINN 3UB (ARRY +OHLER 3UB *OE -C$ERMOTT 3UB "ILL "ARRETT 3UB .EALY 0HELPS 3UB #HARLIE "EARMAN
"&ORAN +OHLER 0HELPS "EARMAN "#AREY 33'OLDSMITH (ALLINAN ,ENNON 3ELLMAN #AREY "3ELLMAN 'OLDSMITH $ONNELLY +OHLER "ARRETT /&+ELLY !RMSTRONG $ONNELLY -INCHER $EANE &ORAN -C$ERMOTT ,ENNON #,ENNON 1UINN 3ELMAN 'OLDSMITH +OHLER "ARRETT 0-ATHEWS 0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! #AREY " -ATHEWS 0 +ELLY 2& &ORAN " 'OLDSMITH 33 3ELLMAN " ,ENNON # !RMSTRONG #&
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! 70 (2 "OBBY -ATHEWS FORFEIT 7 VS 2OCKFORD AND FORFEIT ,S TO 4ROY TO 2OCKFORD TO .EW 9ORK TO 7ASHINGTON TO #HICAGO TO "OSTON AND TO 0HILADELPHIA
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3COTT (ASTINGS !GRICULTURAL &AIRGROUNDS 0ARK ' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3/ 3" #3 "! 3! /"0 0 #HEROKEE &ISHER " $ENNY -ACK " #AP !NSON " "OB !DDY # 3COTT (ASTINGS ,& 2ALPH (AM
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' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3/ 3" #3 "! 3! /"0 2& 'AT 3TIRES #& 'EORGE "IRD 33 #HICK &ULMER 3UB 0ONY 3AGER 3UB !L "ARKER
"-ACK &ISHER &ULMER !NSON (ASTINGS "!DDY !NSON (ASTINGS &ISHER 33&ULMER 3AGER !DDY (AM &ISHER -ACK "!NSON (AM /&3TIRES "IRD (AM 3AGER (ASTINGS "ARKER !NSON -ACK #(ASTINGS !NSON 0&ISHER -ACK
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! "IRD #& 3TIRES 2& -ACK " &ISHER 0 (ASTINGS # !DDY " !NSON " (AM ,& &ULMER 33
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! 70 (2 #HEROKEE &ISHER $ENNY -ACK FORFEIT ,S OWING TO THE USE OF INELIGIBLE PLAYER (ASTINGS IN GAMES 2OCKFORD WON TO 0HILADELPHIA TO 7ASHINGTON AND TO &ORT 7AYNE ALL WINS WOULD OTHERWISE HAVE BEEN CREDITED TO &ISHER
.OTE 3" #3 0" AND 70 TOTALS ARE STILL INCOMPLETE FOR SOME TEAMS IN EACH OF THE lVE .! SEASONS
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4HE SEASON FEATURED THE lRST RULE PERTAINING TO BASE COACHES 4O PREVENT THEIR INTERFERENCE WITH lELDERS THEY WERE PROHIBITED FROM COMING WITHIN FEET OF THE FOUL LINES WHILE COACH ING RUNNERS ! COACH WAS STILL PERMITTED TO INTERFERE WITH A RUNNER HOWEVER EVEN IF IT MEANT TACKLING HIM TO DETAIN HIM FROM MAKING WHAT THE COACH JUDGED TO BE AN ILL ADVISED DASH TO THE NEXT BASE !N EVEN FARTHER REACHING RULE CHANGE IN FOREVER ALTERED THE DUEL BETWEEN PITCHER AND BATTER 4HAT SEASON IT BECAME LEGAL FOR A PITCHER TO JERK HIS ARM SNAP HIS WRIST OR BEND HIS ELBOW WHEN HE DELIVERED THE BALL AS LONG AS HE KEPT HIS HAND BELOW HIS HIP AT THE POINT OF RELEASE 4HIS REVISION LICENSED SIDEARM PITCHING AND OPENED THE DOOR FOR TEAMS TO EMPLOY CURVEBALL ARTI SANS 4HE lRST CLUB TO AVAIL ITSELF OF THE PRIVILEGE WAS .EW 9ORK 7ILLIAM #AMMEYERS -UTUALS LET 2YNIE 7OLTERS OSTENSIBLY THE TEAMS MOST VALUABLE PLAYER IN SLIP OFF TO #LEVELAND AND HANDED HIS PITCHING SLOT TO ROOKIE #ANDY #UMMINGS WHO HAD CAPTURED THE .EW 9ORKERS FANCY WHEN HE DRUBBED THEM IN AN EXHIBITION GAME THE PREVIOUS YEAR WHILE A MEMBER OF THE UNAFlLIATED "ROOKLYN 3TARS !T THE TIME THE -UTUALS HAD HOWLED THAT #UMMINGS CONSIDERED BY SOME HISTORIANS TO HAVE INVENTED THE CURVEBALL WAS THROWING hUNFAIRv SIDEARM PITCHES BUT NOW THAT HIS DELIVERY WAS LEGAL HE WAS THEIR MAN /THER PITCHERS WHO REPORTEDLY HAD THE CURVEBALL IN THEIR ARSENAL IN WERE 4ROY NEWCOMER &AHNEY -ARTIN AND "OBBY -ATHEWS LATE OF THE +EKIONGAS WHO HAD RETURNED TO HIS HOMETOWN OF "ALTIMORE WHEN .ICK 9OUNG LEFT THE 7ASHINGTON /LYMPICS TO ORGANIZE A NEW TEAM IN THAT CITY AND DECKED THEM OUT IN YELLOW HOSE LEADING TO THEIR BEING CALLED THE #ANARIES -ATHEWSS +EKIONGA TEAMMATE SECOND BASEMAN 4OM #AREY FOLLOWED HIM TO -ARYLAND GIVING 9OUNG A SOLID NUCLEUS UPON WHICH TO BUILD "Y THE TIME 9OUNG COMPLETED HIS ROSTER "ALTIMORE HAD AN IG
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.! VETERAN AT EVERY POSITION &ROM HIS FORMER 7ASHINGTON CLUB 9OUNG SKIMMED lRST BASEMAN %V -ILLS AND CENTERlELDER 'EORGE (ALL #ATCHER "ILL #RAVER RIGHTlELDER ,IP 0IKE LEFTlELDER 4OM 9ORK AND HANDYMAN #HEROKEE &ISHER WERE ROBBED FROM 4ROY $ICK (IGHAM THE #ANARIES TOP HITTER AT CAME FROM THE -UTUALS AND SHORTSTOP *OHN 2ADCLIFF LEFT THE PENNANT WINNING !THLETICS AFTER LOSING HIS JOB TO -IKE -C'EARY 7ITH THE 2ESERVE #LAUSE NOT YET IN FORCE TO BIND A PLAYER TO A TEAM FOR LONGER THAN THE LENGTH OF HIS CONTRACT WHICH WAS USUALLY ONE YEAR THE MOVEMENT EVEN AMONG THE ESTABLISHED TEAMS WAS DIZ
'EORGE :ETTLEIN THE lRST TO DEMONSTRATE HOW MUCH THE TEAM A PITCHER HAD BEHIND HIM MATTERED IN THE .! YEARS )N :ETTLEIN OPENED THE SEASON WITH 4ROY AND WAS WHEN THE (AYMAKERS FOLDED -OVING TO THE WRETCHED "ROOKLYN %CKFORDS :ETTLEIN WON JUST ONE OF NINE STARTS (E WAS SAID TO HAVE BEEN THE lRST PITCHER TO GIVE A PICKOFF SIGN TO ONE OF HIS INlELDERS AND THEN THROW TO A BASE WITHOUT LOOKING THERE BEFOREHAND EXPECTING HIS TEAMMATE TO HAVE GOTTEN THE SIGN AND BE AWAITING THE THROW
ZYING 4HE CHAMPION !THLETICS GARNERED FOUR NEW REGULARS#AP !NSON $ENNY -ACK &RED 4REACEY AND -C'EARY 4HE lRST TWO HAD BELONGED TO THE DEFUNCT 2OCKFORD TEAM AND 4REACEY AND -C'EARY HAD COMMITTED TO #HICAGO FOR BEFORE THE GREAT lRE KNOCKED THE )LLINOIS ENTRY OUT OF BUSINESS !LONG WITH #UMMINGS .EW 9ORK PICKED UP HALF A DOZEN NEW FACES BUT ONLY AFTER LOSING CAPTAIN THIRD BASEMAN "OB &ERGUSON TO THE "ROOKLYN !TLANTICS $ISTURBED BY THE
coij[h_eki cYYWhjed 4HE -IDDLETOWN -ANSlELDS BEGAN THE SEASON WITH A CREW OF RAW ROOKIES .ARY A MEMBER OF THE -ANSlELDS OPENING DAY LINEUP ON !PRIL HAD PLAYED IN SO MUCH AS A SINGLE .! GAME IN 4HOUGH THE -ANSlELDS FOLDED LITTLE MORE THAN THREE MONTHS LATER FOUR OF THEIR OPENING DAY STARTERS%DDIE "OOTH *OHN #LAPP *IM 4IPPER AND 4IM -URNANEHOOKED ON WITH OTHER TEAMS AND EVENTUALLY HAD MAJOR LEAGUE CAREERS OF SOME SUBSTANCE ! lFTH TEAM MEMBER *IM /2OURKE WOULD HAVE A CAREER SO SUBSTANTIAL THAT HE MADE THE (ALL OF &AME BUT /2OURKE MIGHT NOT HAVE BEEN THE -ANSlELDS MOST TALENTED PLAYER )N CENTER lELD FOR THE -ANSlELDS ON OPENING DAY WAS &RANK -C#ARTON A -IDDLETOWN NATIVE 4HE -ACMILLAN ENCYCLOPEDIA LISTS A BIRTH DATE FOR HIM THAT WOULD HAVE MADE HIM JUST ON !PRIL AND THE LATEST EDITION OF 4HE "ASEBALL %NCYCLOPE DIA CONTENDS THAT HE WAS BUT IN EITHER EVENT -C#ARTON WAS THE YOUNGEST POSITION PLAYER IN THE .!S SECOND SEASON (E WAS ALSO AMONG THE MOST PROMISING 4HOUGH THE RECORDS AGAIN ARE IN CON mICT -C#ARTON APPARENTLY BATTED AT LEAST IN THE GAMES HE PLAYED AND MAY HAVE HIT AS HIGH AS 4HE LATTER lGURE IF CORRECT WOULD HAVE LED THE -ANSlELDS AND EVEN AT -C#ARTON WAS RD ON THE TEAM -C#ARTON TOOK PART IN OF THE -ANSlELDS GAMES BUT WAS NOT ON THE lELD IN THE TEAMS LAST CONTEST ON !UGUST AND NEVER AGAIN APPEARED IN A BIG LEAGUE UNIFORM
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j^[ [n[YhWXb[ [Ya\ehZi 7HILE PENNANT WINNING "OSTON PLAYED JUST MEN IN GAMES IN THE "ROOKLYN %CKFORDS NEEDED PLAYERS TO GET THROUGH THEIR CHAMPIONSHIP GAMES /NLY THREE %CKFORDSSHORTSTOP *IM 3NYDER THIRD BASEMAN *IM #LINTON AND lRST BASEMAN !NDY !LLISONPLAYED IN AS MANY AS TWO THIRDS OF THE TEAMS FRAYS AND NONE OF THE TRIO WAS IN THE LINEUP IN BOTH THE %CKFORDS OPENING GAME ON -AY AND THE TEAMS lNALE ON 3EPTEMBER 4HE PREVIOUS YEAR THE %CKFORDS HAD BEEN A STRONG INDEPENDENT TEAM BUT PERSONNEL CHANGES AND A GENERAL LACK OF CONTINUITY MADE THEM SUCH AN UN ATTRACTIVE DRAW IN THAT NOT EVEN THEIR "ROOKLYN COHABITANT THE !TLANTICS WANTED TO PLAY THEM 4HE TWO CLUBS FROM THE #ITY OF #HURCHES AVOIDED A CONFRONTATION ON THE PLAYING lELD UNTIL !UGUST /VER THE NEXT TWO MONTHS THE PAIR CONSENTED TO PLAY JUST THREE MORE TIMES 7HEN THEIR SERIES ENDED IN A TWO ALL DRAW IT WAS A MORAL VICTORY FOR THE %CKFORDS !GAINST THE OTHER NINE .! CLUBS THE "ROOKLYN ENTRY THAT HAD BELIEVED THE .! TOO mIMSY TO JOIN THE PREVIOUS YEAR WAS A MISERABLE
HEAVY GAMBLING AROMA SURROUNDING THE .EW 9ORK CLUB &ERGUSON CHOSE TO CAST HIS LOT WITH ONE OF THE lVE NEW ENTRIES IN )N ADDITION TO "ALTIMORE AND THE !TLANTICS THERE WAS A SECOND "ROOKLYN BASED TEAM THE %CK FORDS WHICH HAD INFORMALLY JOINED THE .! THE PREVIOUS !UGUST PLUS THE .ATIONALS A 7ASHINGTON RIVAL TO THE /LYMPICS AND THE -ANSlELD CLUB FROM -IDDLETOWN #ONNECTICUT .AMED FOR 5NION 'ENERAL *OSEPH -ANSlELD WHO WAS SLAIN AT !NTIETAM THE -ANSlELDS BILLED THEMSELVES AS THE #ONNECTICUT CHAMPIONS AND MAILED THEIR ENTRY FEE TO .! HEADQUARTERS 3INCE THERE WAS NO SCREENING COMMITTEE IN TO JUDGE THE WORTH OF APPLICANTS THE FEE WAS ACCEPTED TO THE CON STERNATION OF (ENRY #HADWICK WHO VIEWED THE TEAM AS UNQUALIlED FOR THE PROFESSIONAL ARENA )N ACTUALITY IF THE lNAL STANDINGS ARE AN ACCURATE INDICATOR THE -ANSlELDS WERE RD AMONG THE NEW ENTRIES RANKING AHEAD OF THE %CKFORDS AND .ATIONALS AS WELL AS THE INCUMBENT /LYM PICS )F THE .! SEASON WAS THE EPITOME OF CONFUSION THE CAMPAIGN WAS THE HEIGHT OF INSTABILITY 4HOUGH TEAMS BEGAN THE CHASE IN -AY ONLY SIX PLAYED ENOUGH GAMES TO QUALIFY FOR THE CHAMPIONSHIP 4HE /LYMPICS WERE THE lRST TO EXPIRE ON -AY 3CARCELY A MONTH LATER THE .ATIONALS STRIPPED 7ASHINGTON OF ITS OTHER BIG LEAGUE REPRESENTATIVE WHEN THEY THREW IN THE TOWEL ON *UNE AFTER BEING TROUNCED BY "ALTIMORE 4ROY QUIT ON *ULY THE -ANSlELDS SURVIVED UNTIL !UGUST AND #LEVELAND BREATHED ITS LAST ON !UGUST 4HOUGH THE %CKFORDS lNISHED OUT THE SEASON THEY PLAYED ONLY GAMES LITTLE MORE THAN HALF THE NUMBER "ALTIMORE AND .EW 9ORK TOTALED
II
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cYXh_Z[ eh ^Wo^khijU %ARLY EDITIONS OF -ACMILLAN LIST (ICKS (AYHURST AS THE MANAGER OF THE 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS FROM THROUGH AND !L 2EACH AS THE MANAGER FOR THE AND SEASONS !LL CURRENT BASE BALL ENCYCLOPEDIAS AGREE THAT PITCHER $ICK -C"RIDE MANAGED THE !THLETICS EVERY YEAR THE TEAM WAS PART OF THE .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION .O PAPERS HAVE BEEN UNEARTHED PROVING THAT -C"RIDE SECRETLY HELD THE JOB 4HE REASON HES CREDITED WITH IT NOWADAYS IS BECAUSE THE MANAGER HAS COME TO BE REGARDED AS THE MAN WHO ACTUALLY RAN THE CLUB ON THE lELD )N THE EARLY DAYS MANY TEAMS LABELED THE MAN WHO HANDLED THEIR BUSINESS AFFAIRS THE MANAGER EVEN IF HE HAD NOTHING TO DO WITH lELD OPERATIONS (AYHURST WAS THE !THLETICS SECRETARY RESPONSIBLE FOR SCHEDULING GAMES KEEPING COUNT OF THE GATE RECEIPTS AND SUCH IF HE EVER SAT ON THE TEAM BENCH IT WAS ONLY TO OBSERVE 2EACH THOUGH A PART TIME PLAYER IN AND WAS MAINLY A CLUB OFlCIAL 7HEN THE UMPIRE SAID h0LAY BALLv IT WAS SPOKEN TO -C"RIDE AND WHOEVER THE OTHER TEAMS CAPTAIN WAS 4HE CAPTAINS WERE IN CHARGE THEN AND SO ARE CONSIDERED NOW TO HAVE BEEN THE lELD MANAGERS OF THEIR TEAMS 3OME CONmICTS STILL EXIST HOWEVER !T ONE TIME -ACMILLAN LISTED *OE 'ERHARDT AS ,OUISVILLES MAN AGER FOR PART OF THE SEASON AND MOST OF .OW BOTH -ACMILLAN AND 4HE "ASEBALL %NCY CLOPEDIA CREDIT 'ERHARDT FOR MANAGING ,OUISVILLE ALL OF THE SEASON BUT SAY -IKE 7ALSH RAN THE CLUB IN 4HAT WOULD BE NEWS TO ,OUISVILLE STARS 0ETE "ROWNING AND 'UY (ECKER AND EVERYONE ELSE FROM THOSE DAYS STILL KEEPING UP ON THE GAME 'ERHARDT RAN THE TEAM ON THE lELD IN UNTIL !UGUST WHEN HE WAS REPLACED AS CAPTAIN 4HE LOCAL PAPERS ALL MADE A BIG FUSS OVER HIS BEING CANNED -AYBE 7ALSH A CLUB OFlCIAL AND EX UMPIRE WAS THE ONE WHO DECIDED TO AX 'ERHARDT AND TAKE ON THE JOB HIMSELF BUT UNTIL THEN IT WAS DElNITE THE TEAM WAS UNDER 'ERHARDTS WING -ACMILLAN HAD IT RIGHT ORIGINALLY 'ERHARDT RAN THE SHOW IN THE &ALLS #ITY FOR MOST OF THE YEAR THAT (ECKER WON
!MID ALL THE TURMOIL (ARRY 7RIGHTS "OSTON 2ED 3TOCKINGS STOOD ALMOST UNCHANGED FROM THE CLUB THAT HAD COME WITHIN A HAIR OF THE mAG 7RIGHT OBTAINED ANOTHER OF HIS FORMER #INCINNATI STARS !NDY ,EONARD FROM THE /LYMPICS TO MAN LEFT lELD AND GAVE "OSTONS RIGHT lELD POST TO ROOKIE &RALEY 2OGERS BUT OTHERWISE RETAINED THE SAME CAST 7ITH HIMSELF IN CENTER lELD HIS BROTHER 'EORGE AT SHORTSTOP BATTING CHAMP 2OSS "ARNES AT SECOND BASE !L 3PALDING IN THE BOX #HARLIE 'OULD AT THE lRST SACK (ARRY 3CHAFER HOLDING DOWN THIRD BASE AND #AL -C6EY BEHIND THE PLATE 7RIGHT NEEDED ONLY ONE SUBSTITUTE ALL SEASON $AVE "IRDSALL THE CLUBS REGULAR RIGHT lELDER IN 4HE !THLETICS IN CONTRAST BEGAN SHIFTING PLAYERS FROM POSITION TO POSITION AFTER PLAYING A SET LINEUP FOR MOST OF THE SEASON "Y JUGGLING HIS PERSONNEL PITCHER MANAGER $ICK -C"RIDE WON HIS lRST SIX GAMES OF THE SEASON BEFORE LOSING ON *UNE TO .EW 9ORK 4HE DEFEAT PUSHED "OSTON INTO THE LEAD WITH A RECORD TO 0HILADELPHIAS /NCE THEY GRABBED THE TOP RUNG
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$EACON 7HITE HERE WITH THE 0ITTSBURGH !LLEGHENYS IN HIS NEXT TO LAST SEASON WAS THE lRST MAN TO PLAY YEARS IN THE MAJORS AND NEVER SUBSEQUENTLY MAKE THE (ALL OF &AME 7HITES CREDENTIALS ARE EVERYTHING THAT VOTERS TRADITIONALLY LOOK FOR (E PLAYED TWO SKILL POSITIONSTHIRD BASE AND CATCHERCOLLECTED MORE THAN HITS WON TWO BATTING TITLES AND WAS ON lVE PENNANT WINNERS (E ALSO IS THE LONE MAN TO PITCH GAMES IN BOTH THE ., IN ITS lRST SEASON AND THE 0, IN ITS ONLY SEASON )N 7HITE STARRED FOR THE SECOND YEAR IN A ROW ON A POOR #LEVELAND ENTRY .OTE THAT IN THE PHOTO *OCKO &IELDS IS WRONGLY IDENTIlED AS &RED #ARROLL AND VICE VERSA
THE 2ED 3TOCKINGS WERE NEVER CAUGHT 4HE PENNANT RACE IN EFFECT WAS OVER ON 3EPTEMBER WHEN "OSTON SADDLED -C"RIDE WITH HIS WORST LOSS OF THE SEASON (OPING TO PEP UP SAGGING GATE RECEIPTS IN EVERY .! CITY "OSTON .EW 9ORK AND 0HILADELPHIA STAGED SEVERAL LATE SEASON ROUND ROBIN TOURNAMENTS OSTENSIBLY FOR THE LEAGUE CHAMPIONSHIP BUT ALL SUCH ATTEMPTS FAILED TO STIMULATE FAN INTEREST )T WAS TOO OBVIOUS THAT THE "OSTON TEAM WAS VASTLY SUPERIOR TO ANY OF ITS RIVALS 4HE lNAL STANDINGS ONLY PARTLY REmECT THE 2ED 3TOCKINGS DOMINANCE /F THE CHAMPIONSHIP GAMES WITH THEIR THREE CLOSEST PURSUERS 7RIGHTS TEAM WAS TRIUMPHANT IN AND EXCLUDING THE EIGHT GAMES WITH 0HILADELPHIA WHICH WERE SPLIT "OSTON POSTED A RECORD
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4(% 3%!3/.!, 2%#/2$ ' 7 , 0CT ( 2 '" !TTENDANCE "OSTON 2ED 3TOCKINGS "ALTIMORE #ANARIES .EW 9ORK -UTUALS 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS 4ROY (AYMAKERS "ROOKLYN !TLANTICS #LEVELAND &OREST #ITYS -IDDLETOWN -ANSlELDS "ROOKLYN %CKFORDS 7ASHINGTON /LYMPICS 7ASHINGTON .ATIONALS
$ID NOT PLAY ENOUGH GAMES TO QUALIFY FOR THE PENNANT
"OS "AL .9 !TH 4RO !TL #LE -AN %CK /LY .AT 4OT "OSTON "ALTIMORE .EW 9ORK 0HILADELPHIA 4ROY !TLANTICS
#LEVELAND -IDDLETOWN
%CKFORDS
/LYMPICS
.ATIONALS
4EAMS DID NOT MEET ONE ANOTHER
3%!3/. ,%!$%23 "ATTING !VERAGE !"S
3LUGGING !VERAGE
/N "ASE 0ERCENTAGE
"ARNES "OSTON &ORCE 4ROY "ALTIMORE !NSON 0HILADELPHIA (ASTINGS #LEVELAND "ALT -C'EARY 0HILADELPHIA
"ARNES "OSTON !NSON 0HILADELPHIA 7OOD 4ROY %CKFORDS &ORCE 4ROY "ALTIMORE -EYERLE 0HILADELPHIA
!NSON 0HILADELPHIA "ARNES "OSTON &ORCE 4ROY "ALTIMORE (ASTINGS #LEVELAND "ALT -C'EARY 0HILADELPHIA
4OTAL "ASES
(OME 2UNS
2")
"ARNES "OSTON 0IKE "ALTIMORE ' 7RIGHT "OSTON %GGLER .EW 9ORK (ALL "ALTIMORE
0IKE "ALTIMORE 'EDNEY 4ROY %CKFORDS 3IX WITH
0IKE "ALTIMORE !NSON 0HILADELPHIA 3TART .EW 9ORK &ISLER 0HILADELPHIA 3PALDING "OSTON #UTHBERT 0HILADELPHIA
(ITS
2UNS
"ASES ON "ALLS
"ARNES "OSTON %GGLER .EW 9ORK &ORCE 4ROY "ALTIMORE (ATlELD .EW 9ORK !NSON 0HILADELPHIA
%GGLER .EW 9ORK ' 7RIGHT "OSTON #UTHBERT 0HILADELPHIA "ARNES "OSTON (ATlELD .EW 9ORK
-ACK 0HILADELPHIA !NSON 0HILADELPHIA -C-ULLIN .EW 9ORK ( 7RIGHT "OSTON (ATlELD .EW 9ORK "ARNES "OSTON
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3TOLEN "ASES $ATA )NCOMPLETE
3TRIKEOUTS
/03
%GGLER .EW 9ORK #UTHBERT 0HILADELPHIA ' 7RIGHT "OSTON -C'EARY 0HILADELPHIA "ARNES "OSTON (ATlELD .EW 9ORK
#UMMINGS .EW 9ORK #UTHBERT 0HILADELPHIA 4REACEY 0HILADELPHIA -ACK 0HILADELPHIA %GGLER .EW 9ORK
"ARNES "OSTON !NSON 0HILADELPHIA &ORCE 4ROY "ALTIMORE 7OOD 4ROY %CKFORDS ' 7RIGHT "OSTON
7INS
,OSSES
)NNINGS
3PALDING "OSTON #UMMINGS .EW 9ORK -C"RIDE 0HILADELPHIA -ATHEWS "ALTIMORE :ETTLEIN 4ROY %CKFORDS
"RITT !TLANTICS #UMMINGS .EW 9ORK -ATHEWS "ALTIMORE "ENTLEY -IDDLETOWN :ETTLEIN 4ROY %CKFORDS
#UMMINGS .EW 9ORK -C"RIDE 0HILADELPHIA -ATHEWS .EW 9ORK 3PALDING "OSTON "RITT !TLANTICS
#OMPLETE 'AMES #UMMINGS .EW 9ORK -C"RIDE 0HILADELPHIA 3PALDING "OSTON -ATHEWS BALTIMORE "RITT !TLANTICS
3TRIKEOUTS -ATHEWS "ALTIMORE #UMMINGS .EW 9ORK -C"RIDE 0HILADELPHIA 3PALDING "OSTON :ETTLEIN 4ROY %CKFORDS
7INNING 0ERCENTAGE DECISIONS &ISHER "ALTIMORE 3PALDING "OSTON -C"RIDE 0HILADELPHIA #UMMINGS .EW 9ORK -ATHEWS "ALTIMORE
%2! INNINGS &ISHER "ALTIMORE 3PALDING "OSTON :ETTLEIN 4ROY %CKFORDS -C"RIDE 0HILADELPHIA #UMMINGS .EW 9ORK
,OWEST /N "ASE 0ERCENTAGE &ISHER "ALTIMORE 3PALDING "OSTON :ETTLEIN 4ROY %CKFORDS -C"RIDE 0HILADELPHIA -ATHEWS "ALTIMORE
,OWEST "ATTING !VERAGE &ISHER "ALTIMORE 3PALDING "OSTON -ATHEWS "ALTIMORE -C"RIDE 0HILADELPHIA :ETTLEIN 4ROY %CKFORDS
0UTOUTS
!SSISTS
&IELDING !VERAGE
" 'OULD "OSTON 3TART .EW 9ORK % -ILLS "ALTIMORE
-ACK 0HILADELPHIA 'OULD "OSTON % -ILLS "ALTIMORE
3TART .EW 9ORK -ACK 0HILADELPHIA -C!TEE 4ROY
" (ATlELD .EW 9ORK "ARNES "OSTON &ISLER 0HILADELPHIA
"ARNES "OSTON (ATlELD .EW 9ORK &ISLER 0HILADELPHIA
"ARNES "OSTON &ISLER 0HILADELPHIA 7OOD 4ROY %CKFORDS
" !NSON 0HILADELPHIA &ERGUSON !TLANTICS &ORCE 4ROY "ALTIMORE
&ERGUSON !TLANTICS 3CHAFER "OSTON &ORCE 4ROY "ALTIMORE
&ORCE 4ROY "ALTIMORE &ERGUSON !TLANTICS 3CHAFER "OSTON
33 ' 7RIGHT "OSTON 2ADCLIFF "ALTIMORE (OLDSWORTH #LEVELAND %CK
' 7RIGHT "OSTON 2ADCLIFF "ALTIMORE 0EARCE .EW 9ORK
0EARCE .EW 9ORK ' 7RIGHT "OSTON 2ADCLIFF "ALTIMORE
2& "ECHTEL .EW 9ORK -EYERLE 0HILADELPHIA & -ARTIN 4ROY %CKFORDS
-EYERLE 0HILADELPHIA "OOTH !TLANTICS "ECHTEL .EW 9ORK ! 2EACH 0HILADELPHIA
"ECHTEL .EW 9ORK & -ARTIN 4ROY %CKFORDS -EYERLE 0HILADELPHIA
0)4#().'
&)%,$).'
IM
IN
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0UTOUTS
!SSISTS
&IELDING !VERAGE
#& %GGLER .EW 9ORK 4REACEY 0HILADELPHIA (ALL "ALTIMORE
%GGLER .EW 9ORK 2EMSEN !TLANTICS ( 7RIGHT "OSTON
%GGLER .EW 9ORK ( 7RIGHT "OSTON (ALL "ALTIMORE
,& -C-ULLIN .EW 9ORK 9ORK "ALTIMORE #UTHBERT 0HILADELPHIA
,EONARD "OSTON 9ORK "ALTIMORE 3 +ING 4ROY
9ORK "ALTIMORE -C-ULLIN .EW 9ORK #UTHBERT 0HILADELPHIA
# (ICKS .EW 9ORK $ !LLISON 4ROY %CKFORDS #RAVER "ALTIMORE
"ARLOW !TLANTICS (ICKS .EW 9ORK $ !LLISON 4ROY %CKFORDS -C6EY "OSTON
(ICKS .EW 9ORK $ !LLISON 4ROY %CKFORDS #RAVER "ALTIMORE
0 -C"RIDE 0HILADELPHIA 3PALDING "OSTON #UMMINGS .EW 9ORK
3PALDING "OSTON -C"RIDE 0HILADELPHIA #UMMINGS .EW 9ORK
#UMMINGS .EW 9ORK 3PALDING "OSTON -C"RIDE 0HILADELPHIA
$OUBLE 0LAYS
%RRORS
4#'AME
" 'OULD "OSTON 3TART .EW 9ORK % -ILLS "ALTIMORE
'OULD "OSTON $EHLMAN !TLANTICS -ILLS "ALTIMORE
$EHLMAN !TLANTICS 'OULD "OSTON -ACK 0HILADELPHIA
" "ARNES "OSTON (ATlELD .EW 9ORK &ISLER 0HILADELPHIA
(ATlELD .EW 9ORK "OOTH -ANSlELD !TLANTICS "ARNES "OSTON &ISLER 0HILADELPHIA
"ARNES "OSTON (ATlELD .EW 9ORK 7OOD 4ROY %CKFORDS
" &ERGUSON !TLANTICS 3CHAFER "OSTON !NSON 0HILADELPHIA 33 ' 7RIGHT "OSTON 0EARCE .EW 9ORK (OLDSWORTH #LEVELAND %CK
&ERGUSON !TLANTICS !NSON 0HILADELPHIA 3CHAFER "OSTON
&ERGUSON !TLANTICS 3CHAFER "OSTON &ORCE 4ROY "ALTIMORE
2ADCLIFF "ALTIMORE "URDOCK !TLANTICS ' 7RIGHT "OSTON
*AS 3NYDER %CKFORDS ' 7RIGHT "OSTON "URDOCK !TLANTICS
2& ! 2EACH 0HILADELPHIA &IVE TIED WITH
& -ARTIN 4ROY %CKFORDS 2OGERS "OSTON (IGHAM "ALTIMORE
-EYERLE 0HILADELPHIA & -ARTIN 4ROY %CKFORDS 2OGERS "OSTON
2EMSEN !TLANTICS 4REACEY 0HILADELPHIA %GGLER .EW 9ORK
%GGLER .EW 9ORK 2EMSEN !TLANTICS 4REACEY 0HILADELPHIA
3 +ING 4ROY #UTHBERT 0HILADELPHIA 9ORK "ALTIMORE
-C-ULLIN .EW 9ORK 9ORK "ALTIMORE 3 +ING 4ROY
(ICKS .EW 9ORK "ARLOW !TLANTICS $ !LLISON 4ROY %CKFORDS (IGHAM "ALTIMORE
#RAVER "ALTIMORE (ICKS .EW 9ORK $ !LLISON 4ROY %CKFORDS
#& 2EMSEN !TLANTICS (ALL "ALTIMORE %GGLER .EW 9ORK ,& 'LENN /LYMPICS 9ORK "ALTIMORE 4HREE WITH # $ 7HITE #LEVELAND #RAVER "ALTIMORE &OUR WITH
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0ASSED "ALL ,EADERS "ARLOW !TLANTICS (IGHAM "ALTIMORE (ICKS .EW 9ORK $OUBLE 0LAYS
%RRORS
4#'AME
0 0RATT #LEVELAND -C"RIDE 0HILADELPHIA #UMMINGS .EW 9ORK
-C"RIDE 0HILADELPHIA -ATHEWS "ALTIMORE "RITT !TLANTICS
-C"RIDE 0HILADELPHIA 3PALDING "OSTON :ETTLEIN 4ROY %CKFORDS
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(ARRY 7RIGHT 3OUTH %ND 'ROUNDS ) ' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3/ 3" #3 "! 3! /"0 33 'EORGE 7RIGHT ,& !NDY ,EONARD 0 !L 3PALDING # #AL -C6EY " 2OSS "ARNES " (ARRY 3CHAFER " #HARLIE 'OULD #& (ARRY 7RIGHT 2& &RALEY 2OGERS 3UB $AVE "IRDSALL
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*IMMY 7OOD 2ENSSELAER 0ARK ALSO KNOWN AS 5NION 'ROUNDS ' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3/ 3" #3 "! 3! /"0 " $AVY &ORCE " "UB -C!TEE
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' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3/ 3" #3 "! 3! /"0 # "ILL ,ENNON ,& %D -INCHER " 0AUL (INES 2& /SCAR "IELASKI " 7ARREN 7HITE 0 "ILL 3TEARNS " (OLLY (OLLINGSHEAD 33 *AKE $OYLE 3UB $ENNIS #OUGHLIN #& 3EEM 3TUDLEY 3UB *OHN 'LENN 3UB *OE -ILLER 3UB 3PENCER 3UB "ILL 9EATMAN
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$ESPITE WINNING THEIR SECOND CONSECUTIVE .! PENNANT THE "OSTON FRANCHISE WAS IN DEEP lNAN CIAL TROUBLE (ARRY 7RIGHTS TEAM ENDED THE SEASON SOME IN ARREARS AND MANY 2ED 3TOCKINGS WENT HOME FOR THE WINTER WITHOUT THEIR lNAL PAYCHECKS #OMPOUNDING THE TEAMS PLIGHT IN /CTOBER A lRE LEFT MUCH OF "OSTON IN RUINS &AST TALKING BY 7RIGHT ENABLED HIM TO KEEP MOST OF HIS NINE IN THE FOLD BUT lRST BASEMAN #HARLIE 'OULD ELECTED TO SIT OUT THE SEASON AND CATCHER #AL -C6EY mED TO "ALTIMORE WHEN HE WAS OFFERED THE #ANARIES CAPTAINCY AND A SUBSTANTIAL PAY HIKE 4O lLL THE VOID -C6EY LEFT 7RIGHT GARNERED $EACON 7HITE SET LOOSE WHEN #LEVELAND FOLDED IN AND 'OULDS SPOT WENT TO *ACK -ANNING UP FROM "OSTONS JUNIOR TEAM 7HEN &RALEY 2OGERS THREATENED TO QUIT THE GAME 7RIGHT PLEDGED HIS RIGHTlELD STATION TO *IM /2OURKE OF THE DEFUNCT -ANSlELDS 4HE OTHER .! ENTRIES HAD TO DO CONSIDERABLE RETOOLING AS WELL .ICK 9OUNG EVER RESTLESS OR GANIZED HIS THIRD NEW TEAM IN THREE YEARS "ASED IN 7ASHINGTON IT HIRED MOST OF THE SAME CAST THAT HAD BEEN WITH THE .ATIONALS IN BUT WAS KNOWN AS THE "LUE ,EGS OWING TO 9OUNGS CHOICE OF HOSIERY -EANWHILE 9OUNGS OLD TEAM THE #ANARIES FACED COMPETITION IN "ALTIMORE FROM A SECOND NEW .! ENTRY THE -ARYLANDS #OMPRISED OF LOCAL AMATEURS AND A SPRINKLING OF PLAYERS FROM THE +EKIONGAS THE -ARYLANDS FORMED AS A CO OP TEAM AS DID A THIRD NEW COMER THE %LIZABETH 2ESOLUTES #OMPLETING THE lELD WERE THE 0HILADELPHIA 7HITES GIVING THE .! A DECIDEDLY PROVINCIAL mAVOR IN WITH TWO OF ITS NINE TEAMS IN 0HILADELPHIA THREE IN THE "ALTIMORE 7ASHINGTON AREA AND TWO THE -UTUALS AND THE !TLANTICS WHOSE HOME PARK WAS IN "ROOKLYN /N THE lELD AT LEAST THE GAME PROMISED A VENEER OF STABILITY IN 4HE ONLY MAJOR RULE CHANGES ADDRESSED SPECTATOR AND lELDER INTERFERENCE )N THE FORMER CASE IT WAS STIPULATED THAT IF A PERSON NOT PART OF THE GAME CAME IN CONTACT WITH A BATTED OR THROWN BALL A RUNNER COULD JO
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Xeijed=i ^_ji f[h ]Wc[ Wl[hW][i )N THE NOTION OF RANKING HITTERS ACCORDING TO THEIR BATTING AVERAGES WAS NOT AS YET UNIVERSALLY ACCEPTED 3OME ANALYSTS PREFERRED TO RANK PLAYERS BY THE NUMBER OF HITS THEY MADE PER GAME 2E GARDLESS OF WHICH METHOD WAS USED THOUGH MATHEMATICAL ERRORS WERE COMMON 4YPICAL IS THE FOL LOWING CHART LISTED IN THE EDITION OF $IME "ASE "ALL 0LAYER SHOWING THE HITS PER GAME AVER AGES FOR "OSTONS PLAYERS IN AS OPPOSED TO THEIR CURRENTLY ACCEPTED HITS PER GAME AVERAGES
$IME "ASE "ALL
#URRENT
2OSS "ARNES
'EORGE 7RIGHT
$EACON 7HITE
"OB !DDY
!L 3PALDING
*IM /2OURKE
!NDY ,EONARD
*ACK -ANNING
(ARRY 3CHAFER
(ARRY 7RIGHT
NO LONGER BE PUT OUT UNTIL THE BALL HAD lRST BEEN RETURNED TO THE PITCHER WHILE HE WAS INSIDE THE PITCHERS BOX ,IKEWISE BEGINNING IN EACH BASE RUNNER WAS AWARDED ONE BASE IF A lELDER IN LIEU OF MAKING A PLAY BARE HANDED STOPPED OR CAUGHT A BATTED OR THROWN BALL WITH HIS CAP "UT OFF THE lELD THERE WERE SIGNALS THAT WARNED OF TROUBLE AHEAD PARTICULARLY IN 0HILADELPHIA WHERE POOL TICKETS BETTING SLIPS WERE SOLD OPENLY IN THE CLUBHOUSE ADJACENT TO THE PARK SHARED BY THE 7HITES AND !THLETICS 0RIOR TO EACH GAME IT WAS CUSTOMARY FOR SPECTATORS GATHERED AROUND THE CLUBHOUSE TO SEE PLAYERS IN UNIFORM FROM BOTH TEAMS PLACING WAGERS BEFORE THEY SET OUT FOR THE BALL lELD 4HE -ARYLANDS LASTED JUST SIX GAMES THE SHORTEST LIFE SPAN OF ANY ENTRY IN MAJOR LEAGUE HIS TORY BEFORE QUITTING WITH A TEAM BATTING AVERAGE AND A RUNS FOR AND AGAINST RATIO OF TO 4HE 2ESOLUTES SURVIVED UNTIL EARLY !UGUST AND THE REORGANIZED 7ASHINGTON CLUB ALTHOUGH IT lNISHED THE SEASON WON ONLY EIGHT GAMES AND JUST TWO OF WITH THE TOP THREE TEAMS "UT THE 0HILADELPHIA 7HITES PROVED TO BE THE MOST FORMIDABLE NEW ENTRY IN .! HISTORY .O SOONER HAD THE 7HITES POSTED THEIR LEAGUE FEE AND ARRANGED TO SHARE *EFFERSON 3TREET 'ROUNDS WITH THE !THLETICS THAN THEY MERCILESSLY RAIDED THEIR CO TENANTS ,EVI -EYERLE &RED 4REACEY &ERGY -ALO NE .ED #UTHBERT AND $ENNY -ACK ALL ABANDONED THE OLD LINE 0HILADELPHIA TEAM FOR 7HITES
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4HE "ROOKLYN !TLANTICS 4HE FOLLOWING YEAR 4OM "ARLOW MADE A RARE CAREER MOVE WHEN HE CONVERTED FROM CATCHER TO SHORTSTOP )N !UGUST HE WAS INJURED IN A GAME AGAINST #HICAGO 'IVEN MORPHINE TO DEADEN THE PAIN "ARLOW SOON BECAME A HOPELESS ADDICT AND VANISHED INTO THE NATIONS NETHERWORLD 2EMINISCING IN 4HE 3PORTING .EWS IN *ACK #HAPMAN RECALLED THAT "ARLOW WHO WEIGHED ONLY AROUND POUNDS HAD USED A hLITTLE BAT ABOUT TWO FEET LONGv AND BEEN THE BEST EARLY DAY BUNTER IN THE NATION BETTER EVEN THAN THE LEGENDARY $ICKEY 0EARCE "ARLOW IS ALSO AMONG THE CANDIDATES WHO MAY HAVE INVENTED THE HIDDEN BALL TRICK 2EPORTEDLY HE WOULD HIDE THE BALL UNDER HIS ARMPIT AFTER GETTING A THROW INTO HOME FROM THE OUTlELD AND THEN mIP IT TO A BASEMAN AS SOON AS THE RUNNER STEPPED OFF THE BAG TO GET A LEAD
\Wceki \_hiji G 4HE %LIZABETH 2ESOLUTES NOT ONLY WERE THE lRST MAJOR LEAGUE TEAM FROM THE STATE OF .EW *ERSEY THEY ARE .EW *ERSEYS ONLY MAJOR LEAGUE ENTRY TO DATE WITH THE SOLE EXCEPTION OF THE .EWARK &EDERAL ,EAGUE CLUB 4HE 2ESOLUTES ACTUALLY PLAYED THEIR HOME GAMES NOT IN %LIZABETH BUT IN NEARBY 7AVERLY NO LONGER AN EXISTING TOWN 4HEIR BALLGROUND WAS AT THE CURRENT SITE OF 7EEQUAHIC #ITY 0ARK AND THE ".AI *ESHURON #EMETERY ON THE %LIZABETH.EWARK BORDER 4HE 2ESOLUTES lRST HOME GAME CAME ON !PRIL AND THEIR LAST ON *ULY ,ITTLE MORE THAN A MONTH AFTER THEIR STUN NING WIN OVER "OSTON ON )NDEPENDENCE $AY AT 3OUTH %ND 'ROUNDS THE 2ESOLUTES DISBANDED FOLLOW ING A LOSS TO THE .EW 9ORK -UTUALS .EW *ERSEYS lRST MAJOR LEAGUE TEAM ALSO ACHIEVED ANOTH ER DISTINGUISHED lRST 4HE 2ESOLUTES WERE THE lRST CLUB TO HAVE TWO PAIRS OF BROTHERS THE #AMPBELLS (UGH AND -IKE AND THE !LLISONS $OUG AND !RT
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(IGHEST "ATTING !VERAGE 3EASON ERA IN
(IGHEST 3LUGGING !VERAGE 3EASON ERA IN
(IGHEST &IELDING !VERAGE 3ECOND "ASEMAN 3EASON IN BROKEN IN
.ATIONAL !SSOCIATION
-OST (ITS 3EASON IN
-OST 2UNS 3EASON IN
-OST 4OTAL "ASES 3EASON IN
!LL TIME
-OST 2UNS PER AT BAT #AREER -INIMUM AT BATS RUNS IN AT BATS
-OST 2UNS PER AT BAT 3EASON -INIMUM RUNS RUNS IN AT BATS
.INETEENTH CENTURY
(IGHEST CAREER BATTING AVERAGE SECOND BASEMAN
(IGHEST CAREER SLUGGING AVERAGE SECOND BASEMAN
GARB 4HE UPSTART CLUB THEN GAMBLED ON 'EORGE "ECHTEL AN EX .EW 9ORK -UTUAL LONG SUSPECTED OF DUMPING GAMES 4O HANDLE THE PITCHING CHORES 'EORGE :ETTLEIN ARRIVED FROM THE DISBANDED "ROOKLYN %CKFORDS AND A FEW WEEKS LATER :ETTLEINS %CKFORDS TEAMMATE *IMMY 7OOD EMERGED FROM A BRIEF RETIREMENT TO PLAY SECOND BASE AFTER "OB !DDY WAS RELEASED "Y MID *ULY :ETTLEIN SPORTED A GLITTERING RECORD AND THE 7HITES SAT ATOP THE .! BY EIGHT AND A HALF GAMES #ONlDENT OF THE PENNANT THE NEW 0HILADELPHIA ENTRY THEN TOOK THREE WEEKS OFF FROM BASEBALL TO VACATION AT #APE -AY .EW *ERSEY $URING THE HEAT OF SUMMER THE !THLETICS ALSO CLOSED UP SHOP BUT "OSTON MEANWHILE BEGAN TO RALLY &OLLOWING AN APPALLINGLY EMBARRASS ING LOSS TO (UGH #AMPBELL OF THE LOWLY 2ESOLUTES ON )NDEPENDENCE $AY MORNING (ARRY 7RIGHT WAS THANKFUL HED HAD THE FORESIGHT TO SCHEDULE TWO GAMES AT 3OUTH %ND 'ROUNDS THAT DAY "Y LAMBASTING THE 2ESOLUTES IN THE AFTERNOON CONTEST THE 2ED 3TOCKINGS QUICKLY RE GAINED THEIR EQUILIBRIUM AND SET OFF IN PURSUIT OF THE SEEMINGLY UNCATCHABLE 7HITES 7RIGHT WISELY HAD PUT OFF SCHEDULING MOST OF HIS TEAMS GAMES WITH 7ASHINGTON UNTIL LATE IN THE SEASON WHEN HE JUDGED THE "LUE ,EGS WOULD BE TOO FAR OFF THE PACE TO PUT UP MORE THAN TO KEN RESISTANCE !FTER THE 2ED 3TOCKINGS RIPPED 7ASHINGTON SIX STRAIGHT TIMES IN 3EPTEMBER AND /CTOBER THE WINS SUDDENLY BROUGHT THEM WITHIN STRIKING DISTANCE OF lRST PLACE !L 3PALDINGS VICTORY OVER THE 7HITES ON 3EPTEMBER AT *EFFERSON 3TREET 'ROUNDS MOVED "OSTON PAST "AL TIMORE INTO SECOND PLACE JUST FOUR GAMES OUT OF lRST 5NDER SUCH RELENTLESS PRESSURE THE 7HITES
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WILTED 2ETURNING TO ACTION FROM ITS #APE -AY RETREAT THE 0HILADELPHIA CLUB WON JUST NINE OF ITS LAST GAMES OF THE SEASON "Y THE TIME "OSTON REVISITED *EFFERSON 3TREET 'ROUNDS ON /CTOBER MERE PERCENTAGE POINTS SEPARATED THE TWO CLUBS AND AN EASY WIN GAVE THE 2ED 3TOCKINGS A LEAD THEY ONLY INCREASED FROM THAT POINT ON 7HEN THE SEASON CLOSED THE 2ED 3TOCKINGS HAD SEVEN MORE WINS THAN THE 7HITES BUT THE PENNANT WAS STILL NOT QUITE THEIRS 9ET TO BE SETTLED WAS THE 7HITES PROTEST THAT "OSTON HAD USED AN IN ELIGIBLE PLAYER DOWN THE STRETCH NONE OTHER THAN "OB !DDY 5PON BEING RELEASED BY THE 7HITES !DDY HAD SET OUT FOR 2OCKFORD WHERE HED PLAYED IN AND HUNG AROUND TOWN LONG ENOUGH TO GET INTO A GAME THERE ON *ULY 3EVERAL DAYS LATER !DDY WAS SIGNED BY "OSTON WHEN (ARRY 7RIGHT DECIDED TO MOVE *IM /2OURKE FROM RIGHT lELD TO lRST BASE WHERE ROOKIE *ACK -ANNING HAD STRUGGLED 4HE 7HITES ARGUED THAT !DDYS PARTICIPATION IN THE *ULY 2OCKFORD GAME CAME UNDER THE DAY RULE AND THEREFORE ALL
*OE 'ERHARDT WAS AN YEAR OLD ROOKIE SHORTSTOP WITH 7ASHINGTON IN (E lNISHED HIS MAJOR LEAGUE CAREER YEARS LATER AFTER MAKING JUST HITS IN GAMES 0RIOR TO WHEN OVERHAND PITCHING WAS LEGALIZED IN BOTH THEN EXISTING MAJOR LEAGUES 'ERHARDTS HITTING BORDERED ON SEMI RESPECTABLE &ROM THAT POINT ON HE HIT JUST BUT WAS NONETHELESS CONSIDERED A VALUABLE ASSET )N HIS lNAL FULL SEASON AT AGE 'ERHARDT LED !! SECOND BASEMEN IN EVERY MAJOR lELDING DEPARTMENT INCLUDING RANGE
THE GAMES HE PLAYED FOR "OSTON PRIOR TO 3EPTEMBER SHOULD BE FORFEITED !S ALWAYS THE #HAMPIONSHIP #OMMITTEE VACILLATED INTERMINABLY .OT UNTIL *ANUARY DID IT DECIDE THAT THE 2OCKFORD GAME WAS A PICKUP AFFAIR NOT SUBJECT TO THE DAY RULE AND AWARD "OSTON THE PENNANT !DDYS PERFORMANCE IN "OSTON LIVERY NO DOUBT AGGRIEVED THE 7HITES (E HIT IN THE LAST HALF OF THE SEASON AS THE 2ED 3TOCKINGS WON OF THEIR LAST GAMES "UT THE REAL CATALYST OF
"OSTONS EXTRAORDINARY COMEBACK WAS 2OSS "ARNES &OLLOWING UP HIS BATTING TITLE WITH A SECOND STRAIGHT BATTING CHAMPIONSHIP THE "OSTON SECOND BASEMAN ALSO PACED THE .! IN HITS RUNS TOTAL BASES SLUGGING AVERAGE AND ON BASE PERCENTAGE "OSTON AS A UNIT HIT AND SCORED RUNS PER GAME -INUS "ARNESS OUTPUT "OSTONS BATTING AVERAGE WOULD HAVE BEEN REDUCED BY POINTS AND OF ITS RUNS WOULD HAVE BEEN LOST
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0RIOR TO THE SEASON .! OFlCIALS RELUCTANTLY ACKNOWLEDGED THAT THE REPUTATION OF THE PROD UCT THEY WERE ENDEAVORING TO SELL TO THE !MERICAN SPORTING PUBLIC HAD BEEN TAINTED BY FREQUENT CHARGES OF hHIPPODROMING v OR DUMPING GAMES AND PASSED A RULE PROHIBITING PLAYERS UMPIRES OR OFlCIAL SCORERS FROM BETTING ON THE OUTCOME OF AN .! GAME IN WHICH THEY PARTICIPATED !NY VIOLATION COULD RESULT IN PERMANENT EXPULSION 5NFORTUNATELY IT WOULD BE SEVERAL YEARS YET BE FORE THIS RULE GREW TEETH !N EVEN MORE REVOLUTIONARY RULE CHANGE WAS PROPOSED BY (ENRY #HADWICK IN &EAR ING THAT HITTING WAS BECOMING TOO PROMINENT #HADWICK WANTED BASEBALL TO BECOME A MAN GAME SO THAT lELDERS WOULD BE ABLE TO COVER MORE OF THE PLAYING SURFACE AND WAS IRKED WHEN HIS NOTION WAS REJECTED (OWEVER THE .! DID ENDORSE SEVERAL MORE MODEST REVISIONS OF THE PLAY ING RULES !S OF A BATTER WAS REQUIRED TO STAND WITHIN A SPACE SIX FEET LONG AND THREE FEET WIDE RATHER THAN ASTRIDE A LINE THROUGH HOME PLATE 4HIS REPRESENTED THE lRST USE OF THE CURRENT BATTERS BOX BUT IN OTHER WAYS THE GAME WAS STILL VERY MUCH IN AN EXPERIMENTAL STAGE !LSO IN THE RULEBOOK DElNED TWO SEPARATE KINDS OF UNFAIR PITCHES "ALLS AND 7IDE "ALLS ! BALL WAS A PITCH THAT CROSSED THE PLATE BUT WAS NOT WITHIN THE BATTERS CHOSEN HIGH OR LOW STRIKE ZONE A 7IDE "ALL WAS A PITCH THAT MISSED THE PLATE ! BATTER NEEDED TO RECEIVE EITHER THREE 7IDE "ALLS OR NINE "ALLS BEFORE BEING GIVEN HIS BASE 3INCE AN UMPIRE CALLED NEITHER THE lRST "ALL NOR THE lRST 7IDE "ALL IT MEANT THAT A BATTER MIGHT LOOK AT AS MANY AS UNFAIR DELIVERIES BEFORE HE lNALLY EARNED A BASE ON BALLS 9ET WHILE THE RULEBOOK REMAINED IN WHAT TODAY MUST SEEM VIOLENT mUX THE "OSTON 2ED 3TOCK INGS CONTINUED TO APPEAR IMMUTABLE )N (ARRY 7RIGHT ADDED ONLY TWO NEW INGREDIENTS TO HIS TWO TIME PENNANT WINNER 4OMMY "EALS LEFT 7ASHINGTON TO lLL THE SUBSTITUTES SLOT AND 'EORGE (ALL CAME FROM "ALTIMORE TO REPLACE 7RIGHTS OWN AGING LEGS IN CENTER lELD )N ADDITION #AL -C6EY RETURNED FROM A YEARS EXILE IN "ALTIMORE TO TAKE OVER "OB !DDYS RIGHTlELD POST LL
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W ]ebZ XedZ f[h\ehcWdY[ 9ET TO BE SEEN AS LATE AS BY A PROFESSIONAL AUDIENCE WAS A NO HIT GAME /N /CTOBER LESS THAN TWO WEEKS BEFORE THE SEASON ENDED SOME FANS AT "ROOKLYNS 5NION 'ROUNDS NEARLY WIT NESSED THE lRST SUCH MASTERPIECE IN MAJOR LEAGUE HISTORY WHEN 4OMMY "OND OF THE !TLANTICS STImED THE .EW 9ORK -UTUALS WITHOUT A HIT THROUGH THE lRST EIGHT INNINGS 4HE YEAR OLD ROOKIE BEGAN THE TH FRAME BY EASILY RETIRING $ICK (IGHAM AND $OUG !LLISON 7ITH ONLY ONE MORE OUT BETWEEN HIM AND IMMORTALITY "OND FACED *OE 3TART 4HE LEFTY HITTING -UTUALS lRST SACKER TOOK "OND THE OP POSITE WAY SLAPPING A PITCH TO LEFT lELD THAT FELL IN FOR A DOUBLE (IS NO HIT BID RUINED "OND THEN NEARLY LOST HIS SHUTOUT SURRENDERING A SINGLE THAT MOVED 3TART TO THIRD BEFORE HE GOT THE LAST OUT ON A DEEP mY TO *ACK #HAPMAN IN RIGHT lELD "ONDS BLANKING OF THE -UTUALS WAS BUT ONE OF WINS IN HIS ROOKIE SEASON MAKING HIM THE YOUNGEST GAME WINNER IN MAJOR LEAGUE HISTORY TO THAT POINT 4WO YEARS LATER IN THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUES MAIDEN SEASON "OND NOTCHED WINS AT AGE TO BECOME THE YOUNGEST GAME WIN NER EVER (E WENT ON TO COLLECT WINS BEFORE HE REACHED HIS TH BIRTHDAY BUT COLLECTED ONLY MORE VICTORIES AFTER THAT
"OSTONS CHIEF RIVALS IN THE 0HILADELPHIA 7HITES WERE NOT SO LUCKY 2ETURNING TO THE BIG LEAGUE ARENA FOR THE lRST TIME SINCE THE GREAT lRE IN #HICAGO LOOTED THE 7HITES OF SIX REGU LARS *IMMY 7OOD ,EVI -EYERLE 'EORGE :ETTLEIN *IM $EVLIN &ERGY -ALONE AND .ED #UTHBERT 7OODS PLAYING CAREER WAS ABRUPTLY ENDED BY AN INFECTION THAT RESULTED IN THE AMPUTATION OF HIS RIGHT LEG BUT THE OTHER lVE COMBINED WITH THREE VETERAN ACQUISITIONS$AVY &ORCE *OHN 'LENN AND 0AUL (INESAND ROOKIE SHORTSTOP *OHN 0ETERS TO MAKE THE REVIVED #HICAGO CLUB THE PRESEASON CHOICE OF MANY TO DETHRONE "OSTON (ARTFORD lELDED THE .!S ONLY OTHER NEW ENTRY IN &OLLOWING #HICAGOS EXAMPLE THE #ON NECTICUT FRANCHISE GATHERED EXPERIENCED .! PLAYERS TO lLL ITS RANKS BUT WHEREAS #HICAGO SKIMMED OFF THE CREAM (ARTFORD EMERGED WITH ONLY ONE BONA lDE STAR ,IP 0IKE 4HE .!S TOP SLUGGER IN ITS EARLY YEARS 0IKE JOINED THE MASS EXODUS OF ALL OF THE lNANCIALLY STRAPPED "ALTIMORE TEAMS EN SEMBLE LEAVING THE #ANARIES WITHOUT A SINGLE RETURNING REGULAR FROM S RD PLACE lNISHER 4HE 0HILADELPHIA 7HITES SIMILARLY BESIEGED BY RIVAL CLUBS CHANGED THEIR NICKNAME TO THE 0EARLS CORRESPONDING WITH A CHANGE IN HOSIERY AND ATTRACTED ENOUGH NEW TALENT TO REMAIN COMPETITIVE IN BUT "ALTIMORE HAD NO SUCH RECOURSE "Y ANY NAME THE -ARYLAND CLUB WAS DEAD BEFORE THE SEASON BEGAN )N ACTION STARTED SLOWLY IN EVERY .! LOCALITY DUE TO POOR WEATHER 4HE MANY POSTPONE MENTS IN THE EARLY GOING KEPT THE BETTER .! TEAMS FROM DEMONSTRATING THEIR CLASS BUT NOTHING COULD HIDE "ALTIMORES WEAKNESS !T ONE POINT IN -AY THE #ANARIES LOST NINE STRAIGHT GAMES IN
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Z[ddo cWYa !T lRST BASE FOR THE 0HILADELPHIA 0EARLS IN OF THEIR CHAMPIONSHIP GAMES IN WAS $ENNY -ACK !FTER ALTERNATING FOR THREE YEARS BETWEEN THE lRST SACK AND SEVERAL OTHER POSITIONS -ACK SEEMED lNALLY TO lND HIS NICHE AS A GATEWAY GUARDIAN ONLY TO LOSE IT WHEN HE HIT JUST -ACK RETURNED TO THE MAJORS TWO YEARS LATER IN THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUES INAUGURAL SEASONBUT AS A SHORTSTOP -ANY MEN HAVE GRAVITATED TO lRST BASE AFTER LAUNCHING THEIR CAREERS AS MIDDLE INlELDERS BUT -ACK AND *ACKIE 2OBINSON ARE THE ONLY TWO MEN IN MAJOR LEAGUE HISTORY TO BECOME REGULARS AT ONE OF THE TWO MIDDLE INlELD POSITIONS AFTER DEBUTING AS lRST SACKERS
4HE 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS ! 7 'EANEY IS REALLY LEFTlELDER #OUNT 'EDNEY 4HE TEAM HAD TWO #OUNTS AS #OUNT 3ENSENDERFER SITS IN FRONT OF 'EDNEY )T ALSO HAD -IKE -C'EARY ONE OF THE ONLY THREE MEN WITH YEARS OF MAJOR LEAGUE SERVICE WHOSE DEATH DATES ARE STILL UNKNOWN 4HE OTHERS ARE *ACK 2EMSEN AND #HARLEY *ONES 4HE THREE ALL TOOK PART IN THE lRST ., SEASON IN AND WERE ALIVE IN THE .EW 9ORK #ITY AREA AS LATE AS OR SO BUT IN WHEN THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE HELD A TH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION IN .EW 9ORK AND ISSUED A STANDING INVITATION TO EVERY LIVING PLAYER WHO HAD PARTICIPATED IN ITS lRST SEASON NONE OF THE THREE SHOWED UP -C'EARYS LAST KNOWN VOCATION WAS THAT OF A PROFESSIONAL POKER PLAYER
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W b[ii j^Wd ]ebZ XedZ f[h\ehcWdY[ $URING THE SEASON A TOTAL OF HOME RUNS WERE HIT 4HEY RANGED IN QUALITY FROM 'EORGE (ALLS SHOT OVER THE RIGHTlELD FENCE OFF (ARTFORDS 4OMMY "OND ON -AY TO #AL -C6EYS TWO FAIR FOUL HITS OFF "ALTIMORES *ACK -ANNING ON 3EPTEMBER THAT BOTH ROLLED UNDER TEMPORARY SEATS AND COULD NOT BE RETRIEVED UNTIL -C6EY HAD CIRCLED THE BASES 2EMARKABLY OF THE HOME RUNS HIT THE VICTIM OF THE TIME WAS "OND "ONDS LOOP LEADING HOME RUNS SURRENDERED PERCENTAGE STILL STANDS AS THE ALL TIME RECORD TODAY "OSTON CAUSED MOST OF "ONDS TROUBLE 4HE CHAMPION 2ED 3TOCKINGS SLUGGED OF THEIR LOOP BEST FOUR BAGGERS OFF "OND INCLUDING THREE BY LEAGUE LEADER *IM /2OURKE "UT EVEN MORE REMARKABLE THAN "ONDS LONGBALL TRAVAILS IN SOME WAYS WAS $AVY &ORCES LONE PITCHING PERFORMANCE IN A RELIEF STINT FOR #HICAGO AGAINST THE .EW 9ORK -UTUALS ON *UNE &ORCE WAS #HICAGOS STARTING SHORTSTOP THAT DAY BUT SWITCHED POSITIONS WITH STARTING PITCHER $AN #OLLINS WHEN THE GAME QUICKLY BECAME A BLOWOUT )N THE COURSE OF &ORCES MERE SEVEN INNINGS IN THE BOX HE CEDED FOUR HOME RUNS TO THE -UTUALS AMOUNTING TO OF THE LEAGUES SEASON TOTAL AND OF THE -UTUALS SEASON TOTAL &OLLOWING THAT IGNOMINIOUS OUTING &ORCE NEVER AGAIN OCCU PIED THE BOX IN HIS REMAINING MAJOR LEAGUE SEASONS
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WHICH THEY WERE OUTSCORED "Y MID *ULY WITH THE WEATHER IMPROVED "OSTON AS EXPECTED SAT ATOP THE .! STANDINGS WITH A MARK AND THE 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS WERE ND AT 4HE TWO LEADERS THEN DID SOMETHING UNPRECEDENTED IN PROFESSIONAL SPORTS HISTORY 4HEY TOOK AN EIGHT WEEK SABBATICAL TO JOURNEY TO %NGLAND WHERE THEY PLAYED A STRING OF EXHIBITION GAMES TO PROMOTE BASEBALL AMONG THE "RITISH PUBLIC 4HE TOUR WAS NEITHER AN AESTHETIC NOR A lNANCIAL SUCCESS &URTHERMORE IT SEVERELY IMPAIRED "OSTONS CHANCES FOR A THIRD STRAIGHT PENNANT $URING THE STRETCH FROM *ULY TO 3EPTEMBER WHILE "OSTON AND THE !THLETICS WERE ABROAD THE .EW 9ORK -UTUALS SHOT INTO CONTENTION BY WREAKING HAVOC ON THE .!S LESSER LIGHTS )N THE PROCESS THE -UTUALS MANAGED TO SQUELCH AC CUSATIONS THAT THEY HAD THROWN A GAME TO #HICAGO ON !UGUST BUT THE 0HILADELPHIA 0EARLS SIMILARLY CHARGED WERE LESS SUCCESSFUL /N 3EP TEMBER AFTER HEATED DEBATE THE 0EARLS STOCKHOLDERS VOTED TO EXPEL /RATOR 3HAFFER PLAYED A HANDFUL OF GAMES IN THE .! SEASON AND SPARSELY AGAIN IN BEFORE LANDING PERMANENTLY IN THE MAJORS AS A MEMBER OF THE INIQUITOUS ,OUISVILLE 'RAYS ! LEFT HANDED HITTER 3HAFFER FEASTED IN THE S WHEN ALL THE PITCHERS WERE RIGHT HANDED BUT HE WAS OUT OF THE MAJORS BY THE MID S (E CLAIMED HIS HITTING FELL OFF BECAUSE RHEUMATISM SOMETIMES TIED UP HIS SHOULDER MUSCLES BUT HIS MANAGERS EVEN IN THE MINORS BELIEVED DIFFERENTLY !FTER A BIG YEAR IN THE 7ESTERN ,EAGUE IN 3HAFFER THOUGHT $AVE 2OWE SHOULD SIGN HIM FOR THE NEW +ANSAS #ITY EXPANSION TEAM IN THE !! THE FOLLOWING SPRING BUT 2OWE TURNED HIM DOWN SAYING THE !! HAD TOO MANY LEFTY PITCHERS 3HAFFER MADE IT BACK TO THE MAJORS FOR ONE LAST SEASON IN WHEN HE JOINED WITH "LONDIE 0URCELL "EN #ONROY AND *ACK /"RIEN IN MAKING THE !! 0HILADELPHIA !S THE ONLY TEAM EVER TO HAVE FOUR PLAYERS THAT COLLECTED OR MORE AT BATS AND PLAYED AT LEAST GAMES IN THEIR lNAL MAJOR LEAGUE SEASONS
SHORTSTOP *OHN 2ADCLIFF FOR BETTING AGAINST HIS OWN TEAM IN A GAME WITH #HICAGO !CCORDING TO THE .!S NEW ANTIGAMBLING RULE 2ADCLIFF S EXPULSION OUGHT TO HAVE BEEN PERMANENT BUT IT LASTED ONLY THE BALANCE OF THE SEASON BY THE FOLLOWING SPRING 2ADCLIFF WAS BACK IN UNI FORM WITH 0HILADELPHIAS NEWEST .! ENTRY THE #ENTENNIALS /N 3EPTEMBER FOLLOWING AN WIN OVER "OSTON THE -UTUALS HAD VICTORIES TO THE 2ED 3TOCKINGS AND OWNED lRST PLACE "Y /CTOBER THE 2ED 3TOCKINGS HAD KNOTTED THE RACE AGAIN AT WINS APIECE BUT HELD A SUBSTANTIAL EDGE IN THAT THEY HAD PLAYED lVE FEWER GAMES THAN THE -UTUALS (ENRY #HADWICK CONTINUED TO HOLD TO HIS PREDICTION OF A FEW DAYS EARLIER THAT hIF THEY KEEP PLAYING LIKE THEY HAVE IN 3EPTEMBER AND "OSTON SHOWS NO IMPROVEMENT THE -UTUALS WILL SUCCEEDv
"UT "OSTON SUDDENLY mASHED DRAMATIC IMPROVEMENT )N THE lNAL THREE WEEKS OF THE SEASON THE 2ED 3TOCKINGS WENT WHILE THE -UTUALS WON JUST TWO OF THEIR LAST SIX GAMES 7HEN THE CURTAIN lNALLY CLOSED ON .OVEMBER "OSTON HAD MORE VICTORIES THAN THE -UTUALS ! TIGHT RACE HAD ONCE AGAIN BEEN BROKEN WIDE OPEN IN THE lNAL LAP BY 7RIGHTS BEST TEAM YET %VEN WITH STAR SECOND BASEMAN 2OSS "ARNES HAMPERED BY A BROKEN HAND MUCH OF THE SEASON "OSTON STILL DOMINATED THE BATTING LEADERS CHARTS ,ED BY #AL -C6EY THE 2ED 3TOCKINGS HAD THE TOP lVE RUN MAKERS IN THE .! !MONG THEM WAS !L 3PALDING WHO ALSO NOTCHED ALL OF "OSTONS WINS AND lNISHED HIGH AMONG THE LEADERS IN EVERY CENTRAL PITCHING DEPARTMENT AS WELL
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)N THE SPRING OF GROUNDSKEEPERS IN .! BALLPARKS HAD A CHOICE EITHER TO DIG UP HOME PLATE AND RELOCATE IT OR ELSE TO REDESIGN THE FOUL LINES FOR A NEW RULE THAT SEASON REQUIRED HOME PLATE TO BE SITUATED ENTIRELY IN FOUL TERRITORY 4HIS RULE CHANGE WHICH BADE AN UMPIRE TO CALL A BALL
!N INDOOR BASEBALL GAME IN PROGRESS AT THE TH 2EGIMENT !RMORY IN .EW 9ORK #ITY 4HAT THERE ARE BATTERS BOXES TELLS US THE GAME CANNOT HAVE OCCURRED PRIOR TO AND THAT THE CATCHER IS WEARING A MASK AND HOME PLATE IS ENTIRELY IN FAIR TERRITORY TELL US IT LIKELY OCCURRED LATER THAN "Y THE MID S INDOOR BASEBALL ALREADY WAS POPULAR IN MOST BIG EASTERN CITIES AND REMAINED SO THROUGHOUT THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 4HE BALL WAS SOFTER THE lELDERS NEVER WORE GLOVES THE BASES WERE CLOSER TOGETHER AND SLIDING WAS TABOOOTHERWISE SPECTATORS SAW MUCH THE SAME DISPLAY OF SKILLS THAT THEY DID DURING THE OUTDOOR SEASON
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\Wceki \_hiji __ )N *ULY THE 0HILADELPHIA 0EARLS CANNED PITCHER #HEROKEE &ISHER FOR DRUNKENNESS AND GENERAL MISBEHAVIOR AND REPLACED HIM WITH A YEAR OLD HURLER FROM A LOCAL AMATEUR TEAM 4O PREVENT HIS FATHER FROM LEARNING THAT HE WAS PLAYING BALL FOR A LIVING THE NEWCOMER PERSUADED 0EARLS MANAGER -IKE -C'EARY TO LIST HIM ON THE LINEUP CARD AS *OE *OSEPHS &OUR DAYS AFTER MAKING HIS BIG LEAGUE DEBUT ON *ULY h*OSEPHSv TOOK THE BOX AGAINST #HICAGO .INE INNINGS LATER THE ROOKIE PUT THE l NAL TOUCHES ON A VICTORY IN WHICH HE HAD HELD THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS HITLESS THE lRST SUCH ACHIEVE MENT IN PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL HISTORY "Y THE BEGINNING OF THE SEASON *OE *OSEPHS HAD ACKNOWLEDGED THAT HIS REAL NAME WAS "ORDEN AND IT WAS AS *OE "ORDEN THAT HE WON THE lRST .ATIONAL ,EAGUE GAME EVER PLAYED ON !PRIL ! MONTH LATER "ORDEN NEARLY ACHIEVED YET A THIRD REMARKABLE lRST WHEN HE BEAT #INCINNATI 3OME YEARS AFTERWARD BASEBALL HISTORIAN ,EE !LLEN DETERMINED THAT THE TWO HITS CHARGED AGAINST "ORDEN IN HIS WIN OVER #INCINNATI WERE REALLY WALKS CALLED HITS BY /PIE #AYLOR THE LONE OFlCIAL SCORER IN THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE WHO CUSTOMARILY COUNTED WALKS AS HITS !LLEN ALSO TRACKED DOWN #AYLORS EXPLANATION FOR WHY HE DID SO WHICH MADE CONSIDERABLE SENSE UNDER THE SCORING RULES THAT YEAR )N ANY CASE !LLENS DISCOVERY SEEMED TO MAKE "ORDEN RATHER THAN 'EORGE "RADLEY THE AUTHOR OF THE lRST NO HITTER IN .ATIONAL ,EAGUE HISTORY AS WELL AS THE lRST IN PROFESSIONAL HISTORY THE PREVIOUS YEAR 3INCE THEN ENOUGH DOUBT HAS BEEN CAST ON "ORDENS EFFORT AGAINST #INCINNATI TO ERASE HIS HONOR OF TOSSING THE lRST .ATIONAL ,EAGUE NO HITTER BUT THE OTHER TWO FAMOUS lRSTS WILL ALWAYS BELONG INDIS PUTABLY TO HIM
FOUL THAT STRUCK THE PLATE lRST REGARDLESS OF WHERE IT WENT FROM THERE WAS DEVISED IN THE HOPE OF REDUCING THE NUMBER OF FAIR FOUL HITS BUT IT FAILED EGREGIOUSLY IN ITS INTENT 5MPIRES AND PLAYERS WHO HAD ONLY JUST BEGUN TO DIGEST THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A "ALL AND A 7IDE "ALL WERE AGAIN UNNERVED WHEN THE RULE CHANGE PERTAINING TO UNFAIR PITCHES WAS ABANDONED AND A BATTER WAS ONCE AGAIN AWARDED lRST BASE AFTER THREE CALLED BALLS ACTUALLY NINE UNFAIR PITCHES BUT THEIR DISTRESS WAS MILD COMPARED TO WHAT SPORTSWRITERS LIKE (ENRY #HAD WICK FELT THAT SPRING !FTER A SEASON IN WHICH ONLY EIGHT TEAMS VIED FOR THE .! PENNANT AND ALL BUT "ALTIMORE WHICH FOLDED ON /CTOBER WERE STILL IN THE CHASE AT THE lNISH #HADWICK FORE SAW DISASTER WHEN SIX NEW TEAMS PONIED UP THE NECESSARY TO JOIN THE .! 4HE HALF DOZEN NEWCOMERS SWELLED THE .!S MEMBERSHIP TO BOTH AN UNWIELDY AND AN UNLUCKY NUMBER AS EVENTS WOULD PROVE 4HE NEWCOMERS WERE EVENLY DIVIDED BETWEEN THE EAST AND THE WEST #OMPRISING THE EASTERN CONTINGENT WERE THE 7ASHINGTON .ATIONALS BACK FOR A THIRD TRY TO MAKE A GO OF IT IN THE .! AND
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TWO PARVENUS THE .EW (AVEN %LM #ITYS AND THE 0HILADELPHIA #ENTENNIALS &ROM THE WESTERN SECTOR CAME THE lRST TWO MAJOR LEAGUE ENTRIES FROM THE NATIONS LARGEST CITY WEST OF #HICAGO THE 3T ,OUIS "ROWN 3TOCKINGS AND THE 3T ,OUIS 2ED 3TOCKINGS SHORTENED TO 2EDS TO DISTINGUISH THEM FROM THE "OSTON 2ED 3TOCKINGS AND THE lRST AND LAST MAJOR LEAGUE ENTRY FROM THE STATE OF )OWA THE +EOKUK 7ESTERNS 4HE +EOKUK CLUB WAS THE SORT OF ENTRY THAT #HADWICK MOST AB HORRED THIN ON PROVEN TALENT LOCATED WAY OUT WEST AND BASED IN A SMALL POPULATION CENTER 9ET THE #HICAGO 7HITE 3TOCKINGS WELCOMED +EOKUK IF ONLY BECAUSE ITS PRESENCE SWELLED THE NUMBER OF WESTERN CLUBS TO FOUR .EVERTHELESS THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS FOUND THEMSELVES SHORT OF ALLIES WHEN THEY WENT TO THE MAT WITH THE 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS OVER POSSESSION OF $AVY &ORCE ONE OF THE GAMES lNEST MIDDLE INlELDERS !LTHOUGH #HICAGO SEEMED TO ESTABLISH INCONTROVERTIBLY THAT IT HAD BEEN THE lRST CLUB TO SIGN &ORCE FOR THE SEASON THE .! *UDICIARY #OMMITTEE MOST OF WHOM WERE OFlCIALS FROM EASTERN TEAMS AWARDED HIM TO THE !THLETICS &OR THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS AND ESPECIALLY FOR THEIR MAJOR STOCKHOLDER 7ILLIAM (ULBERT THE LESSON WAS TWOFOLD (ULBERT INWARDLY VOWED THAT THE POWER IN PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL WOULD SOON BE SHIFTED FROM THE EAST TO THE WEST AND FROM PLAYERS SUCH AS &ORCEWHO FOR THE MOMENT COULD REVOLVE ALMOST TOTALLY UNRESTRAINED FROM TEAM TO TEAMTO MEN LIKE HIMSELF WHO HANDLED THE PURSE STRINGS
j^[ \_hij ]h[Wj \_h[cWd (ARRY 7RIGHT DIED IN UNAWARE THAT YEARS EARLIER ONE OF HIS "OSTON 2ED 3TOCKINGSS PITCHERS SET A NINETEENTH CENTURY SEASON RECORD FOR SAVES 7RIGHT HAD NEVER EVEN HEARD OF A PITCHING SAVE AT THE TIME OF HIS DEATH NOR HAD ANY ONE ELSE 4HE TERM DID NOT COME INTO POPULAR USAGE UNTIL THE S 7RIGHT WAS WELL AWARE THOUGH OF THE VALUE THAT A SO CALLED hCHANGEv PITCHER COULD HAVE TO A TEAM %ARLY IN THE S 7RIGHT USED HIMSELF IN THE ROLE SWAPPING PLACES WITH !L 3PALDING BY MOVING TO THE BOX FROM HIS CENTERlELD POST WHILE 3PALDING TOOK A SPOT ELSEWHERE ON THE DIAMOND 7RIGHT FEATURED AN EXASPERATING VARIETY OF JUNK PITCHES THAT CONFOUNDED ENEMY HITTERS BECAUSE THEY CONTRASTED WITH 3PALDINGS SPEEDBALLS 7HEN 7RIGHT BECAME ALMOST ENTIRELY A BENCH MANAGER IN HE MADE *ACK -ANNING HIS NEW CHANGE PITCHER AND UTILIZED -ANNING MUCH AS HE HAD ONCE EMPLOYED HIMSELF 3INCE -ANNING HAD ENOUGH STAMINA TO SERVE ALSO AS A STARTER 7RIGHT RECEIVED AN ADDED BONUS (E WAS ABLE TO REST 3PALDING ON SOME DAYS BY PUTTING HIM IN -ANNINGS SPOT IN THE OUTlELD AND LEAVING HIM THERE UNLESS -ANNING GOT IN TROUBLE 7RIGHT CARED ONLY THAT HIS STRATEGIC USE OF -ANNING AND 3PALDING GOT THE DESIRED RESULTTHE LAST FEW OUTS IN A CLOSE GAME (ISTORIANS AFTER APPLYING TODAYS STANDARDS FOR A SAVE TO YESTERDAYS BOX SCORES HAVE NOTED THAT 3PALDING IN NOTCHED A NINETEENTH CENTURY RECORD NINE SAVES AND -ANNING SIX
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(ULBERT INITIALLY HAD A SYMPATHETIC EAR AMONG THE EASTERN BLOC OF TEAMS (ARRY 7RIGHT AVOWED THAT HIS "OSTON 2ED 3TOCKINGS WOULD REFUSE TO PLAY THE !THLETICS SO LONG AS &ORCE REMAINED IN 0HILADELPHIA LIVERY 7HEN IT WAS POINTED OUT TO 7RIGHT THAT IF "OSTON DID NOT PLAY THE !TH LETICS THE REQUISITE NUMBER OF GAMES IN TO CONSTITUTE A SEASON SERIES NOW SIX BOTH TEAMS WOULD BE DISQUALIlED FROM PENNANT CONSIDERATION HE QUICKLY RECANTED AND THE SEASON BEGAN WITH &ORCE ACCEPTABLE TO ALL EXCEPT #HICAGO AS A MEMBER OF THE !THLETICS !L 3PALDING COMMENCED "OSTONS BID FOR A FOURTH SUCCESSIVE .! CHAMPIONSHIP BY BLANKING THE mEDGLING %LM #ITYS IN "OSTON ON
)N 0AT 'ILLESPIE WAS WORKING IN A COAL MINE IN #ARBONDALE 0A AND PLAYING SECOND BASE ON 3UNDAYS FOR THE LOCAL SEMIPRO TEAM (E WOULD BE YEARS OLD THAT .OVEMBER AND HIS PROSPECTS OF EVER BEING ANYTHING BUT A MINER WERE SLIM &IVE YEARS LATER 'ILLESPIE MADE HIS MAJOR LEAGUE DEBUT WITH 4ROY AS AN OUTlELDER (E REMAINED IN THE MAJORS UNTIL WHEN THE .EW 9ORK 'IANTS RELEASED HIM )N *ULY OF THE FOLLOWING YEAR THE !LBANY MINOR LEAGUE TEAM lRED HIM AFTER HE AND TEAMMATE #HIEF 2OSEMAN ASSAULTED A WOMAN WHILE THEY WERE DRUNK AND THEN THREATENED TO ASSAULT TEAM MANAGER &RANK ,EONARD AFTER THEY WERE lNED 3PORTING ,IFE REPORTING ON THE INCIDENT SAID OF 'ILLESPIE hHE IS HIS OWN WORST ENEMYv 4WO YEARS LATER 'ILLESPIE WAS BACK IN #ARBONDALE WORKING SIDE BY SIDE WITH HIS FATHER IN A COAL MINE FOR A DAY
!PRIL THE CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY OF ,EXINGTON AND #ONCORD 4EN DAYS LATER THE 2ED 3TOCKINGS PARTICIPATED IN THE lRST MAJOR LEAGUE GAME SOUTH OF THE -ASON $IXON ,INE BEATING 7ASHINGTON IN 2ICHMOND /N -AY "OSTON WAS IN lRST PLACE AT FOLLOWED BY (ARTFORD AT 4HE 3T ,OUIS "ROWN 3TOCKINGS AT ALSO HAD A PERFECT RECORD WHILE .EW (AVEN AND 7ASHINGTON WERE STILL WINLESS 4HE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE HAVES AND THE HAVE NOTS ONLY INCREASED IN THE LAST AND IN MANY WAYS THE MOST UNEVEN OF THE .!S lVE SEASONS 4HE 0HILADELPHIA #ENTENNIALS THOUGH THEY HAD A VETERAN CREW WERE SADDLED WITH TOO MANY DISRUPTIVE PERSONALITIES SUCH AS *OHN 2ADCLIFF AND "ILL #RAVER AND DISBANDED ON -AY WINNERS IN JUST TWO OF THEIR GAMES +EOKUKS
7ESTERNS TOPPLED ON *UNE AFTER A RAIN ABBREVIATED LOSS TO .EW 9ORK THAT TYPIlED THE TEAMS PERFORMANCE GOOD PITCHING AND DEFENSE BUT ANEMIC HITTING 7ASHINGTON LASTED JUST A COUPLE OF WEEKS LONGER BEFORE ADJOURNING 3T ,OUISS CRIMSON HOSED ENTRY NEVER OFlCIALLY QUIT THE HUNT BUT RETIRED FROM IT FOR ALL PRACTICAL PURPOSES WHEN THE 2EDS REFUSED TO MAKE ANY ROAD TRIPS AFTER *ULY AND COULD NO LONGER ENTICE ANY OF THEIR .! RIVALS TO PLAY THEM IN 3T ,OUIS .EW (AVEN ALTHOUGH WINLESS IN ITS lRST GAMES SURVIVED THE SEASON HELPED BY ADDING PLAYERS FROM DEFUNCT TEAMS BUT WON JUST SEVEN TIMES IN OUTINGS /F THE SIX NEW ENTRIES ONLY THE 3T ,OUIS "ROWN 3TOCKINGS OFFERED A COMPETITIVE PRODUCT IN "Y lNISHING A SOLID TH THE "ROWN 3TOCKINGS NOT ONLY FAR OUTSTRIPPED THEIR FELLOW NEW COMERS WINNING NEARLY AS MANY GAMES AS THE OTHER lVE COMBINED BUT THEY ALSO BEAT OUT FOUR VETERAN TEAMS THE 0HILADELPHIA 0EARLS THE .EW 9ORK -UTUALS #HICAGO AND THE "ROOKLYN !TLAN TICS 9ET NO OTHER .! TEAM VETERAN OR NEWCOMER PROVIDED MUCH OF A TEST FOR "OSTON /N -AY BOTH "OSTON AND (ARTFORD WERE STILL UNDEFEATED WHEN THEY MET FOR THE lRST TIME IN "Y
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j^[ Wm\kb WjbWdj_Yi )N THE "ROOKLYN !TLANTICS WERE ON THE UPSWING WINNING GAMES IN OUTINGS AND lNISHING JUST FOUR AND A HALF GAMES OUT OF THE .!S lRST DIVISION 4HE FOLLOWING SEASON THE BOTTOM FELL OUT AFTER MANAGER THIRD BASEMAN "OB &ERGUSON ABSCONDED TO (ARTFORD WITH ROOKIE PITCHING lND 4OMMY "OND )N THE !TLANTICS COLLECTED THEIR lRST WIN EARLY IN THE CAMPAIGN BEATING .EW (AVEN ON !PRIL BUT THEIR SECOND VICTORY DID NOT COME UNTIL EXACTLY A MONTH LATER WHEN THEY DECKED THE STILL WINLESS %LM #ITYS AGAIN 4HE !TLANTICS VERDICT OVER .EW (AVEN ON -AY PUT THEM AT FOR A WINNING PERCENTAGE )T WAS TO BE THEIR HIGH POINT /VER THE NEXT lVE MONTHS THE !TLANTICS LOST STRAIGHT GAMES TO lNISH WITH A WINNING PERCENTAGE THE POOREST FULL SEASON SHOWING EVER BY A MAJOR LEAGUE TEAM )N A FRANTIC EFFORT TO END HIS TEAMS LOSING SKEIN !TLANTICS BUSINESS MANAGER "ENJAMIN 6AN $ELFT TRIED JUST ABOUT EVERY MAN WHO CAME TO THE TEAMS 5NION 'ROUNDS PARK CLAIMING TO BE A PLAYER !S A RESULT THE !TLANTICS EMPLOYED AN .! RECORD DIFFERENT PLAYERS MANY OF THEM FOR ONLY A SINGLE DAY ! WELTER OF THE !TLANTICS CAMEO PERFORMERS ARE KNOWN BY THEIR LAST NAMES ONLY AND IN SOME CASES NOT EVEN THAT MUCH ABOUT THEM IS A CERTAINTY 4HERE WERE SOME BIT PLAYERS HOWEVER WHO POSSESSED A FAIR AMOUNT OF TALENT EVEN IF IT WAS NOT APPARENT TO 6AN $ELFT !MONG THE MORE NOTABLE PERFORMERS WHO DEBUTED WITH THE !TLANTICS WERE "AR NEY 'ILLIGAN AND $OC "USHONG LATER TO BECOME TWO OF THE BETTER CATCHERS IN THE S -/34 0,!9%23 53%$ 3%!3/. .! 4%!4EAM
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WINNING "OSTON SET THE TONE FOR THE SEASON 4HE 2ED 3TOCKINGS RAN THEIR STREAK TO BEFORE LOSING FOR THE lRST TIME TO THE "ROWN 3TOCKINGS AND THEIR ROOKIE ACE 'EORGE "RADLEY ON *UNE MEANWHILE (ARTFORD WAS ALREADY FAR BEHIND AT AND WOULD NOT WIN A GAME OVER THE DEFENDING CHAMPIONS UNTIL /CTOBER )N *ULY AFTER (ULBERT SURREPTITIOUSLY SIGNED 3PALDING 2OSS "ARNES #AL -C6EY AND $EACON 7HITE TO PLAY WITH #HICAGO IN 7HITE INADVERTENTLY LET THE CAT OUT OF THE BAG TO (ARRY 7RIGHT 3O BRAZENLY BREATHTAKING WAS (ULBERTS THEFT THAT THE DESERTERS WERE LABELED THE h"IG &OURv "UT RATHER THAN UNRAVELING AS EXPECTED AFTER THE QUARTETS TREASON WAS REVEALED "OSTON
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ed[C]Wc[h __ 4HE .EW (AVEN %LM #ITYS BOASTED A RECORD WHEN #HARLIE 0ABOR REPLACED *UICE ,ATHAM AS CAPTAIN NEAR THE END OF THE SEASON 5NDER 0ABORS LEADERSHIP THE %LM #ITYS WENT 4HEIR LONE WIN FOR 0ABOR CAME ON 3EPTEMBER WHEN HE PUT ONE 'EORGE +NIGHT A FORMER 9ALE 5NIVERSITY STAR FROM ,AKEVILLE #ONNECTICUT IN THE BOX !FTER THAT DAY +NIGHT NEVER APPEARED AGAIN IN BIG LEAGUE LIVERY PREFERRING A MEDICAL CAREER TO BASEBALL BY HE HAD SUCCEEDED HIS FATHER ALSO A DOCTOR AS THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE #ONNECTICUT 3CHOOL FOR )MBECILES AT ,AKEVILLE +NIGHT IS THE LONE .! PER FORMER TO ACHIEVE A COMPLETE GAME WIN IN HIS ONE AND ONLY APPEARANCE AS A PITCHER
ONLY GREW STRONGER 7HEN THE BOOK CLOSED ON THE lNAL .! CAMPAIGN THE 2ED 3TOCKINGS HAD JUST EIGHT LOSSES IN DECISIONS FOR AN ALL TIME MAJOR LEAGUE RECORD WINNING PERCENTAGE %VEN MORE IMPRESSIVE DURING THE lVE YEARS THE .! LIVED "OSTON WON AT A CLIP OVERALL WITH VICTORIES AND DEFEATS 4HIS SORT OF COMPETITIVE IMBALANCE ULTIMATELY DESTROYED THE .! BUT THE MANNER IN WHICH 7RIGHT ASSEMBLED AND MAINTAINED HIS DYNASTY IS A MODEL AS VALID TODAY AS IT WAS IN THE EARLY S
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/N &EBRUARY REPRESENTATIVES FROM SEVERAL PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL CLUBS MET IN A LOCKED ROOM AT THE 'RAND #ENTRAL (OTEL ON LOWER "ROADWAY IN .EW 9ORK -EMBERS OF THE PRESS AND THE SPORTING PUBLIC WHO KNEW OF THE MEETING HAD BEEN LED TO BELIEVE ITS PURPOSE WAS TO ADDRESS REFORMS PERTAINING TO THREE THORNY PROBLEMS THAT WERE UNDERMINING THE PROFESSIONAL SPORT THE ABSENCE OF SANCTIONS FOR PLAYERS CAUGHT lXING GAMES THE UNSTABLE lNANCIAL ORGANIZATION OF MANY PROFESSIONAL CLUBS AND A NEED FOR SWEEPING CHANGES IN THE PLAYING RULES "UT THE AN NOUNCED REASON FOR THE MEETING WAS A RUSE TO COVER ITS REAL OBJECTIVE WHICH WAS UNKNOWN TO ALL BUT A FEW OF THE MEN WHO SUDDENLY FOUND THEMSELVES THE CAPTIVE AUDIENCE OF THE SELF DESIGNATED CHAIRMAN OF THE PROCEEDING 7ILLIAM (ULBERT THE PRESIDENT OF THE #HICAGO 7HITE 3TOCKINGS (OLDING THE ONLY KEY TO THE ROOM IN HIS POCKET (ULBERT REVEALED TO HIS GUESTS THAT HE HAD ENSCONCED THEM THERE TO JOIN WITH HIM IN FORMING THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE A NEW PROFESSIONAL FED ERATION WHOSE CORNERSTONE WOULD BE THE ELIMINATION OF PLAYERS FROM ANY POSITION OF AUTHORITY IN CLUB OR LEAGUE lNANCIAL AFFAIRS (ULBERT WENT ON TO ELABORATE THE REFORMS THAT HE WOULD IMPLE MENT TO CURB INEPT LEADERSHIP PLAYER DRUNKENNESS AND THE INlLTRATION OF GAMBLERS BUT HIS MO TIVES WERE NEVER SO MUCH ALTRUISTIC AS SELF SERVING -IDWAY THROUGH THE SEASON (ULBERT HAD RAIDED (ARRY 7RIGHTS FOUR TIME .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION CHAMPION "OSTON 2ED 3TOCKINGS AND IN DUCED A QUARTET OF 7RIGHTS STARS!L 3PALDING #AL -C6EY $EACON 7HITE AND 2OSS "ARNESTO SIGN CONTRACTS WITH HIS #HICAGO CLUB FOR THE FOLLOWING YEAR 3OON THEREAFTER HE HAD ENTICED YOUNG 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS STAR !DRIAN !NSON TO COME WEST 2ECOGNIZING THAT OTHER .! CHIEFTAINS WOULD ENDEAVOR TO EXPEL #HICAGO FOR HIS SKULDUGGERY (ULBERT CUT THEM OFF AT THE PASS WITH HIS 'RAND #ENTRAL (OTEL COUP 3PALDING LATER RELATED IN HIS MEMOIR THAT (ULBERT HAD TOLD HIM WHEN HE SIGNED WITH #HICAGO h) HAVE A SCHEME ,ET US ANTICIPATE THE EASTERN CUSSES AND ORGANIZE A NEW ASSOCIATION BEFORE THE -ARCH MEETING AND THEN SEE WHO WILL DO THE EXPELLINGv (ULBERT WAS SUCCESSFUL IN HIS PLAN NOT ONLY BECAUSE HE WAS ABLE TO ARGUE PERSUASIVELY THAT HIS NEW LEAGUE WOULD PRODUCE LARGER PROlTS FOR TEAM OWNERS AND A GREATER RESPECT FOR THE NATIONAL GAME ONCE THE GAMBLING INmUENCE WAS ELIMINATED &AR MORE IMPORTANT IN THE LONG VIEW WAS THAT (ULBERTS .ATIONAL ,EAGUE ACCOMPLISHED THREE THINGS THAT HAD ELUDED .! LEADERS &IRST AND GF M
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FOREMOST IT BUILT A NETWORK OF BASEBALL CLUBS RUN ON BUSINESS PRINCIPLES ENABLING THE MEN AT THE TOP OF THE CORPORATE HIERARCHY TO RAKE IN THE BULK OF THE PROlTS 3ECOND BY KEEPING THE PLAYERS OUT OF THE BUSINESS END OF THE GAME THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE ENSURED THAT THEY WOULD GET A MUCH SMALLER PERCENTAGE OF THE GATE RECEIPTS &INALLY (ULBERTS lERCE MONITIONS REGARDING THE NEED FOR HONEST PLAY DISGUISED A WISH TO PRESENT HIS NEW LEAGUE AS A BASTION OF 6ICTORIAN PROPRIETY AND ELIMINATE THE RIFFRAFF FROM THE GRANDSTANDS OF HIS BALLPARKS IN ORDER TO GAIN THE CONlDENCE OF THE RIGHT MINDED AND THE WELL HEELED WHO WERE WILLING AND ABLE TO PAY DOUBLE THE PREVIOUS STANDARD ADMISSION PRICE` INSTEAD OF A QUARTER 4O THIS END (ULBERT IMPOSED WHAT TODAY WOULD SEEM TO BE ALMOST DRACONIAN MEASURES FOR A COALITION TRYING TO ATTRACT A SPORTING CROWD NO BEER OR WHISKEY ALLOWED IN BALLPARKS NO 3UNDAY GAMES AND NO CURSING ON THE lELD OR PUBLIC DRUNKENNESS BY PLAYERS /F THE THREE REBEL LEAGUES THAT DID BATTLE WITH THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE BETWEEN AND OVER ITS CLAIM TO A MONOPOLY ON MAJOR LEAGUE STATUS ONLY THE 0LAYERS ,EAGUE QUARRELED WITH (ULBERTS lRST AND SECOND INNOVATIONS )RONICALLY HOWEVER THE PLAYER CONTROLLED 0LAYERS ,EAGUE ACCEPTED WITHOUT RESERVATION HIS THIRD INNOVATION )N CONTRAST BOTH THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION AND THE 5NION !SSOCIATION THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUES TWO OTHER RIVALS FOR SUPREMACY mAUNTED 6ICTORIAN STANDARDS OF PROPRIETY BY ALLOWING THE SALE OF INTOXICANTS AT THEIR GAMES PLAYING ON 3UNDAYS IN CITIES WHERE PERMITTED AND SHAVING THEIR STANDARD ADMISSION PRICE TO ONLY A QUARTER SO THAT THEIR PRODUCT WAS MORE ACCESSIBLE TO WORKINGMEN AND ETHNICS WHOSE TRADE THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE ESCHEWED
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.ATIONAL ,EAGUE CHIEFTAINS STROVE TO FULlLL THEIR PLEDGE TO HELP REFORM THE GAME BY LEGISLATING MANY NEW RULES BEFORE LAUNCHING THEIR INAUGURAL SEASON IN !MONG THE SEVERAL ENDURING INNOVATIONS WERE REQUIRING THE HOME TEAM TO FURNISH ALL GAME BALLS AND AWARDING A BASE RUNNER ONE BASE IF A lELDER OBSTRUCTED HIM !NOTHER MAJOR INNOVATION REQUIRED A BATTER TO REMAIN INSIDE THE BATTERS BOX WHILE SWINGING AT A PITCH OR RISK BEING DECLARED OUT BUT THE NEW LEAGUE WAS STILL AS LOATH AS ITS PREDECESSOR TO MAKE A BATTER SUFFER THE IGNOMINY OF BEING CALLED OUT ON STRIKES )NDEED A BATTER IN COULD NOT RECEIVE A CALLED THIRD STRIKE UNTIL HE HAD lRST BEEN WARNED FOR NOT SWINGING AT A hGOOD BALLv 4HIS MEANT THAT IN SOME INSTANCES A BATTER GOT THE EQUIVALENT OF FOUR STRIKES !S MIGHT BE EX PECTED STRIKEOUT TOTALS THROUGHOUT THE S WERE ABSURDLY LOW )N THE ENTIRE 0HILADELPHIA PITCHING STAFF COMPILED ONLY +S IN GAMES 4HE NEW LEAGUE WAS SIMILARLY LAGGARD IN ADDRESSING THE SCHEDULING PROBLEMS THAT HAD PLAGUED THE .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION )T WAS STILL LEFT TO TEAMS AND THEIR SECRETARIES TO ARRANGE THEIR OWN GAMES WITH EACH OTHER IN 4HE HONOR OF HOSTING THE lRST GAME IN .ATIONAL ,EAGUE HISTORY FELL TO 0HILADELPHIA /N 3AT URDAY !PRIL WITH "ILLY -C,EAN OFlCIATING AND SOME ON HAND AT *EFFERSON 3TREET 'ROUNDS ,ON +NIGHT OF THE LOCAL !THLETICS LOST TO "OSTONS *OE "ORDEN *IM /2OURKE OF "OSTON THE THIRD BATTER IN THE TOP OF THE lRST INNING STROKED THE lRST HIT IN .ATIONAL ,EAGUE HISTORY AND /2OURKES TEAMMATE 4IM -C'INLEY SCORED THE lRST RUN THE FOLLOWING INNING BUT AS IN MOST GAMES OF THAT TIME DEFENSE WAS THE DECISIVE ELEMENT 0HILADELPHIA MADE ERRORS BEHIND +NIGHT LEADING TO lVE UNEARNED "OSTON RUNS WHILE THE (UB TEAM COMMITTED JUST SEVEN BOBBLES
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m^[d mWbai m[h[ [nf[di_l[ )N .ATIONAL ,EAGUE OFlCIAL SCORERS WERE REQUIRED TO COUNT A BASE ON BALLS AS A HITLESS TURN AT BAT AND REDUCE A PLAYERS BATTING AVERAGE ACCORDINGLY )RONICALLY THE PLAYER MOST AFFECTED BY THIS RULE WAS THE ,EAGUES LEADING HITTER 2OSS "ARNES WHO ALSO TOPPED THE LOOP IN WALKS WITH &OR NEARLY A CENTURY "ARNES WAS CHARGED WITH AT BATS IN AND HIS BATTING AVERAGE WAS CALCULATED TO BE .OT UNTIL THE lRST EDITION OF THE -ACMILLAN ENCYCLOPEDIA WERE "ARNESS WALKS DEDUCTED SHAVING HIS TOTAL AT BATS TO AND HOISTING HIS BATTING AVERAGE TO A MARK THAT WAS UNIVERSALLY ACCEPTED UNTIL THE EDITION OF 4OTAL "ASEBALL BOWING TO INSTRUCTIONS FROM -AJOR ,EAGUE "ASE BALL ONCE AGAIN RESTORED WALKS AS TIMES AT BAT AND KNOCKED "ARNESS MARK BACK TO )F ONE BUYS THE PERSUASIVE ARGUMENT THAT TODAYS RULES SHOULD BE APPLIED TO ALL PAST ACHIEVEMENTS THEN "ARNESS lGURE IN STANDS AS THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUES HIGHEST BATTING AVERAGE PRIOR TO THE ADOPTION OF THE v PITCHING DISTANCE 4HE SAME IS TRUE OF HIS SLUGGING AVERAGE THAT YEAR )N "ARNES ALSO LED THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE IN BOTH DOUBLES AND TRIPLES TENDING TO BELIE THE VIEW OF MANY HISTORIANS THAT HE WAS NO MORE THAN A SLAP HITTER WHO TOOK RUTHLESS ADVANTAGE PRIOR TO OF THE FAIR FOUL RULE
4HE 3T ,OUIS "ROWN 3TOCKINGS FEATURING h#HICAGOv KING 'EORGE "RADLEY WHO STANDS WITH BALL IN HAND 3EATED IN FRONT OF HIM IS TEAM STALWART ,IP 0IKE 4O 0IKES RIGHT IS .ED #UTHBERT *OE "ATTIN IS SEATED FAR LEFT AND $ENNY -ACK SITS FAR RIGHT #ATCHER *OHN #LAPP WE THINK SITS BESIDE "ATTIN WITH -IKE -C'EARY PROBABLY STANDING BEHIND HIM $ICKEY 0EARCE SITS BEHIND -ACK AND THE WORTHY STANDING BESIDE 0EARCE IS PROBABLY 4OM ,OFTUS *OE "LONG AND (ARMON $EHLMAN ARE PERHAPS THE UNIDENTIlED PAIR ALTHOUGH NEITHER WAS KNOWN TO FANCY A CONVICT HAIRCUT !FTER LOSING "RADLEY TO #HICAGO THE "ROWN 3TOCKINGS FADED TO TH IN AND THEN DROPPED OUT OF THE ,EAGUE AS DID ,OUISVILLE WHEN THE DEPARTURE OF THE FOUR PLAYERS BANNED IN THE ,OUISVILLE SCANDAL LEFT BOTH CLUBS CONVINCED THEY WERE NO LONGER ABLE TO lELD A COMPETITIVE TEAM
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j^[ Y^_YW]e¬ a_d] )N A SHUTOUT WAS STILL A RARITY AND WAS CALLED A h#HICAGOv DATING FROM A HUMILIATING WHITEWASH OF THE ORIGINAL #HICAGO 7HITE 3TOCKINGS IN #HICAGOS !L 3PALDING BEGAN THE SEASON WITH TWO STRAIGHT SHUTOUTS AGAINST ,OUISVILLE BUT THE h#HICAGOv KING THAT YEAR TURNED OUT TO BE SOMEONE ELSE 4HOUGH 3PALDING LOGGED EIGHT SHUTOUTS TO BREAK A MAJOR LEAGUE RECORD THAT HE AND TWO OTHER HURLERS'EORGE :ETTLEIN AND #ANDY #UMMINGSHAD SET A YEAR EARLIER IN THE lNAL .! SEASON HIS TOTAL WAS DOUBLED BY 'EORGE "RADLEY OF 3T ,OUIS "RADLEYS SHUTOUTS IN ARE STILL A MAJOR LEAGUE RECORD THOUGH 0ETE !LEXANDER LATER TIED IT /DDLY "RADLEYS lRST h#HICAGOv VIC TIM OF THE SEASON WAS NONE OTHER THAN #HICAGO WHICH SUCCUMBED TO HIM ON -AY (IS TH AND lNAL SHUTOUT CAME IN HIS RD START OF THE SEASON AGAINST THE .EW 9ORK -UTUALS ON 3EPTEMBER AT "ROOKLYNS 5NION 'ROUNDS )N THE REMAINING STARTS "RADLEY MADE DURING HIS LENGTHY MAJOR LEAGUE CAREER HE COMPILED JUST MORE SHUTOUTS (ERE IS A LOG OF "RADLEYS h#HICAGOSv IN /PPONENT ,OCATION ,OSING 0ITCHER $ATE 3CORE (ITS !LLOWED #HICAGO
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(ARTFORD
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3EPTEMBER
4HE LOG SHOWS THAT "RADLEY THREW THREE ONE HITTERS IN IN ADDITION TO HIS NO HIT GAME ON *ULY "OSTON WAS THE ONLY TEAM THAT "RADLEY FAILED TO WHITEWASH AT LEAST ONCE 9ET FUTURE "OSTON PITCHING STAR 4OMMY "OND THEN WITH (ARTFORD WAS "RADLEYS MOST LUCKLESS VICTIM )N THREE STARTS OVER A lVE DAY PERIOD FROM *ULY THROUGH *ULY "OND SURRENDERED JUST HITS AND SEVEN RUNS TO 3T ,OUIS AND CAME AWAY WITH NAUGHT FOR HIS EFFORT
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)N THIS WOODCUT IS EVERY MAN WHO PLAYED FOR THE .,S lRST CHAMPION IN INCLUDING /SCAR "IELASKI THE GAMES lRST 0OLISH PLAYER AND OUTlELD SUB &RED !NDRUS WHO RETURNED TO #HICAGO EIGHT YEARS LATER FOR ONE GAME AS A PITCHER (ERE TOO ARE 2OSS "ARNES THE BATTING CHAMP BATTING CHAMP $EACON 7HITE BATTING CHAMP #AP !NSON AND 0AUL (INES THE ONLY MAN TO POST HIS LEAGUES HIGHEST BATTING AVERAGE TWO YEARS IN SUCCESSION BUT OWN AT LEAST ACCORDING TO -AJOR ,EAGUE "ASEBALL ZERO BATTING TITLES
m^_Y^ j[Wc \_d_i^[Z i[YedZU 3T ,OUIS APPEARED TO SEW UP SECOND PLACE WHEN 'EORGE "RADLEY BEAT THE (ARTFORD $ARK "LUES ON 3EPTEMBER IN (ARTFORDS LAST HOME GAME OF THE SEASON "UT THE #ONNECTICUT TEAM THEN TOOK TO THE ROAD WITH A VENGEANCE (ARTFORD ENDED THE SEASON IN A FURIOUS RUSH WITH NINE STRAIGHT WINS THE lRST ONE IN 3T ,OUIS TO VAULT PAST THE "ROWN 3TOCKINGS 4HOUGH MOST ENCYCLOPEDIAS TODAY LIST 3T ,OUIS IN SECOND PLACE WITH A WINNING PERCENTAGE (ARTFORD WAS ACCLAIMED THE ND PLACE TEAM IN WITH WINS TO 3T ,OUISS AND THEREFORE OCCUPIES THE SECOND SPOT IN 4HE 'REAT %NCYCLOPEDIA OF .INETEENTH #ENTURY -AJOR ,EAGUE "ASEBALL 0RIOR TO TOTAL WINS NOT WINNING PERCENTAGE DETERMINED A TEAMS SPOT IN THE STANDINGS
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c[[j Zeho Z[Wd 4HE NINETEENTH CENTURY WAS RIFE WITH PITCHERS WHO COMPILED HUGE LOSS TOTALS IN THEIR ONE AND ONLY MAJOR LEAGUE SEASONS BUT NONE ACHIEVED AS MUCH NEGATIVE DISTINCTION AS $ORY $EAN %VEN THOUGH THE SEASON WAS NEARLY TWO MONTHS OLD BEFORE HE MADE HIS BIG LEAGUE DEBUT $EAN LED LAST PLACE #INCINNATI IN LOSSES -OREOVER HIS WINNING PERCENTAGE IS THE WORST EVER BY A ONE YEAR PITCHER INVOLVED IN A MINIMUM OF DECISIONS ,ATER IN LIFE HOWEVER $EAN FOUNDED A PROSPEROUS ELECTROTYPE BUSINESS AND BECAME AN OUTSTANDING TENNIS PLAYER GOOD ENOUGH TO STILL BE WINNING TOURNAMENTS IN THE S AFTER HED CELEBRATED HIS TH BIRTHDAY ! LIST OF NINETEENTH CENTURY PLAY ERS WHO LOST OR MORE GAMES IN THEIR ONLY SEASONS AS PITCHERS FOLLOWS
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2IDING A STRING OF FOUR STRAIGHT PENNANTS IN THE .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION THE "OSTON ENTRY FORMERLY THE 2ED 3TOCKINGS WAS NOW MORE COMMONLY CALLED THE 2ED #APS OR 2EDS "Y ANY NICKNAME "ORDENS OPENING DAY WIN GAVE THEM UNDISPUTED POSSESSION OF lRST PLACE IN THE NEW LEAGUE BUT THEIR LEAD WAS SHORT LIVED 4WO DAYS LATER 0HILADELPHIA BLASTED "OSTON IN THE SEASONS SECOND CONTEST AND THE FOLLOWING AFTERNOON THREE OTHER CLUBS.EW 9ORK ,OUISVILLE AND #INCINNATISTAGED THEIR HOME OPENERS /F THE THREE ONLY #INCINNATI WON EDGING 3T ,OUISS 'EORGE "RADLEY /N !PRIL #INCINNATI WAS AGAIN VICTORIOUS OVER THE 3T ,OUIS ACE BOOSTING THE 1UEEN #ITY INTO A ST PLACE TIE WITH #HICAGO WHICH HAD BLANKED ,OUISVILLE IN EACH OF ITS lRST TWO OUTINGS 9ET TO BE SCORED UPON PITCHER MANAGER !L 3PALDING LED HIS 7HITE 3TOCKINGS TO #INCINNATI ON !PRIL 7ITH lRST PLACE AT STAKE #HICAGO BURST THE 1UEEN #ITY CLUBS BUBBLE AND THEN
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j^[ GNML YWdWZ_Wd Y^Wcf_ed !T THE CLOSE OF THE SEASON THE 4ECUMSEH CLUB OF ,ONDON LAID CLAIM TO BEING THE TOP PRO FESSIONAL TEAM IN #ANADA REPLACING THE -APLE ,EAF CLUB OF 'UELPH WHICH HAD REIGNED SUPREME THROUGHOUT THE S TO THAT POINT 4O SUPPORT ITS CLAIM 4ECUMSEH BOASTED WINS IN GAMES INCLUDING A PERFECT MARK AGAINST THE FORMER CHAMPION FROM 'UELPH 4WO OF 4ECUMSEHS lVE LOSSES CAME AT THE HANDS OF THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE CHAMPION #HICAGO 7HITE 3TOCKINGS WHICH VISITED ,ONDON ON *UNE AND AGAIN ON !UGUST WINNING BY SCORES OF AND RESPECTIVELY 4WO DAYS PRIOR TO THE SECOND MEETING WITH THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS 4ECUMSEH ENTERTAINED THE 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS AND EDGED THE STRONG -OUND #ITY .ATIONAL ,EAGUE CLUB IN INNINGS 4ECUMSEHS LINEUP INCLUDED SEVERAL FUTURE MAJOR LEAGUERS MOST PROMINENTLY &RED 'OLDSMITH 0HIL 0OWERS *UICE ,ATHAM *ACK ,EARY AND *OE (ORNUNG
TRIUMPHED AGAIN THREE DAYS LATER IN THE SECOND GAME OF THE SERIES "Y THE TIME THE 7INDY #ITY CREW LEFT #INCINNATI THE TWO TEAMS WERE ON A COURSE THAT WOULD TAKE THEM IN COMPLETELY OP POSITE DIRECTIONS !FTER STARTING WITH FOUR STRAIGHT WINS #HICAGO lNALLY SUSTAINED ITS lRST LOSS ON -AY AT 3T ,OUIS FALLING TO "RADLEY "UT AFTER 3PALDING BEAT "RADLEY IN THE NEXT GAME THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS DID NOT LOSE AGAIN UNTIL -AY WHEN 3T ,OUIS MADE ITS lRST APPEARANCE OF THE SEASON IN #HICAGO !NOTHER "RADLEY LOW HIT GEM PUT THE "ROWN 3TOCKINGS IN STRIKING DISTANCE OF lRST PLACE BUT THEY SOON FELL BACK (ARTFORD THEN MOUNTED A CHARGE COMING WITHIN ONE GAME OF THE TOP IN EARLY *ULY BEFORE #AL -C6EY STOPPED THE $ARK "LUES TO START #HICAGO ON AN GAME WINNING STREAK 3PALDINGS STERLING ARM THAT AMASSED WINS AND SECOND BASEMAN 2OSS "ARNESS DEFT BAT THAT AVERAGED OVER TWO HITS A GAME WERE MUCH OF THE REASON THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS NEVER LOST MORE THAN TWO GAMES IN A ROW IN BUT THERE WAS CONSIDERABLY MORE TO THEIR SUCCESS &IRST BASEMAN #AL -C6EY THIRD BASEMAN #AP !NSON AND SHORTSTOP *OHN 0ETERS TEAMED WITH "ARNES TO GIVE #HICAGO THE lNEST HITTING INlELD QUARTET IN MAJOR LEAGUE HIS TORY "ARNES AND 0ETERS PACED ALL lELDERS AT THEIR RESPECTIVE POSITIONS AS WELL AND CENTERlELDER 0AUL (INES LED ALL GARDENERS IN lELDING AVERAGE #INCINNATI MEANWHILE DROPPED STRAIGHT CONTESTS IN -AY TO PLUMMET DEEP INTO THE BASE MENT 7HEN .EW 9ORK AND 0HILADELPHIA ALSO LAGGED FAR OFF THE PACE IN MID 3EPTEMBER BOTH EASTERN CLUBS ELECTED TO SAVE TRAVEL EXPENSES AND NOT MAKE THEIR lNAL WESTERN ROAD TRIPS RECKON ING THAT THE ,EAGUE NEEDED THEM FAR MORE THAN THEY NEEDED THE ,EAGUE "UT THE TWO METROPO LISES UNDERESTIMATED 7ILLIAM (ULBERTS RESOLVE 4HEIR FAILURE TO HONOR THEIR SCHEDULE COMMIT
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MENTS WAS A CRIME FOR WHICH (ULBERT MUSTERED THE NECESSARY VOTE TO DISMISS THEM FROM THE ,EAGUE AT A LOOP MEETING ON $ECEMBER AT #LEVELANDS +ENNARD (OUSE HOTEL 4HE DEPARTURE OF 0HILADELPHIA AND .EW 9ORK SHEARED THE NEW LOOP OF THE TWO LARGEST CIT IES IN THE COUNTRY AND PARED IT TO JUST SIX TEAMS ON THE EVE OF ITS SECOND SEASON 4HIS PROSPECT UPSTAGED ANOTHER EVENT AT THE ,EAGUE MEETING THAT WOULD SOON HAVE AN EVEN GREATER IMPACT ON THE STRUGGLING ORGANIZATIONS FUTURE 0ITCHER *IM $EVLIN WHO HAD SIGNED A MULTIYEAR CONTRACT PRIOR TO THE SEASON TRAVELED TO THE MEETING AT HIS OWN EXPENSE TO BEG FOR HIS RELEASE FROM ,OUISVILLE FOR ITS FAILURE TO FULlLL THE CONDITIONS OF HIS COVENANT WITH THE CLUB 4HE 'RAYS VICE PRESIDENT #HARLES #HASE PRESENTED HIS SIDE OF THE DISPUTE AND THE OTHER THREE DIRECTORS(ART FORD PLAYER MANAGER "OB &ERGUSON "OSTON PRESIDENT .ICHOLAS !PPOLONIO AND 3T ,OUIS CLUB SECRETARY #HARLES &OWLESIDED WITH #HASE AGAINST $EVLIN COMPELLING THE DISGRUNTLED PITCHER TO REMAIN IN ,OUISVILLE AT LEAST FOR THE CAMPAIGN &OR ALL OF (ULBERTS CAREFUL PLANNING HIS BRAINCHILD WAS LESS THAN A RESOUNDING SUCCESS ITS lRST YEAR 4HOUGH IT PLEASED HIM THAT HIS #HICAGO CLUB WON OF ITS CHAMPIONSHIP GAMES HE COULD ONLY BLAME HIMSELF THAT THE ONE SIDED RACE PREVENTED ANY OF THE OTHER TEAMS FROM TURN ING A PROlT 4HAT lVE OF THEM WERE WILLING TO UNDERTAKE ANOTHER SEASON IN OWED LARGELY TO (ULBERTS GRUDGINGLY GIVEN APPROVAL FOR HIS MEMBER CLUBS TO SCHEDULE EXHIBITION GAMES WITH NONMEMBER TEAMS !CCORDING TO (ENRY #HADWICKS CALCULATIONS ,EAGUE CLUBS LOST OF THOSE EXHIBITION GAMES IN 0RESUMABLY THEY WON MORE THAN THAT NUMBER SINCE MANY OF THEIR EXHIBITION CONTESTS CAME AGAINST WEAK OPPONENTS BUT #HADWICK NEVER TABULATED THEIR WINS DEMONSTRATING HIS BIAS AGAINST THE ,EAGUES CLAIMS OF SUPERIORITY !ND AT THE CLOSE OF THE SEASON #HADWICK COULD MOUNT A STRONG ARGUMENT &OR ALL ITS MONETARY BLANDISHMENTS THE ,EAGUE HAD STILL LEFT A BOUNTY OF OUTSTANDING PLAYERS SPREAD AMONG THE MORE THAN PROFESSIONAL TEAMS NOT UNDER ITS UMBRELLA -ANY OF THOSE PLAYERS PRE FERRED LESS COMPENSATION TO LEAVING THEIR HOMETOWN CLUBS TO LIVE AND PLAY IN THE LARGER ,EAGUE CITIES -OREOVER IT WAS ONLY (ULBERT AND HIS MINIONS WHO MAINTAINED THAT THEIRS WAS THE LONE TRUE hMAJORv OPERATION !S A RESULT THERE WAS NO STIGMA AS YET ATTACHED TO BEING A BIG FROG IN A SMALL POND ! PLAYER WHO HIT OR WON GAMES IN WAS FETED NEARLY EQUALLY WHETHER HE DID IT FOR A ,EAGUE TEAM IN #HICAGO OR AN INDEPENDENT CLUB IN $UBUQUE
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-ANY BASEBALL HISTORIANS FEEL THAT PRODUCED THE MOST PIVOTAL SEASON IN THE NINETEENTH CEN TURY .OT ONLY DID IT FEATURE THE ONLY PENNANT RACE IN MAJOR LEAGUE HISTORY THAT WAS UNEQUIVO CALLY PROVEN TO HAVE BEEN RIGGED BUT IT WAS THE lRST YEAR THAT THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE SCHEDULE WAS HANDLED BY LOOP OFlCIALS RATHER THAN BY INDIVIDUAL TEAMS )T WAS ALSO THE lRST YEAR THAT HOME PLATE WAS PLACED ENTIRELY IN FAIR TERRITORY WHERE IT HAS REMAINED EVER SINCE AS WELL AS THE lRST YEAR THAT A FORERUNNER OF THE PRESENT RULE WAS INTRODUCED DECLARING A BASE RUNNER OUT IF HE IS STRUCK BY A BATTED BALL "UT EASILY THE MOST IMPORTANT REVISION IN WAS THE ABOLITION OF THE FAIR FOUL HIT 4HAT SEASON THE RULEBOOK WAS AMENDED SO THAT A BATTED BALL STRIKING lRST IN FOUL TERRITORY AND THEN MOVING INTO FAIR GROUND IS FAIR WHEREAS A BATTED BALL STRIKING lRST IN FAIR TER RITORY AND THEN MOVING INTO FOUL GROUND BEFORE IT PASSES EITHER lRST OR THIRD BASE IS FOUL 4HIS RULE CHANGE ALTERED THE GAME DRAMATICALLY AND MIGHT EVEN BE SAID TO HAVE hMODERNIZEDv IT &ORCED TO FUNCTION AS A SIX TEAM CIRCUIT AFTER EXPELLING THE .EW 9ORK AND 0HILADELPHIA FRAN CHISES THE PREVIOUS FALL ,EAGUE MOGULS IN REDUCED THE SCHEDULE FROM TO GAMES BUT REQUIRED TEAMS TO PLAY EACH OPPONENT TIMES RATHER THAN AS THEY HAD #LUBS AVERAGED THREE CHAMPIONSHIP CONTESTS PER WEEK USUALLY ON 4UESDAY 4HURSDAY AND 3ATURDAY BUT HAD FEW OFF DAYS AS SUCH CHOOSING INSTEAD TO PAD THEIR COFFERS BETWEEN CHAMPIONSHIP GAMES EITHER BY PLAYING EACH OTHER IN EXHIBITION GAMES THAT DID NOT COUNT IN THE STANDINGS OR ELSE BY PLAYING EXHIBITIONS AGAINST NON LEAGUE OPPONENTS 4ICKETS AT ALL ,EAGUE PARKS STILL SOLD FOR ` BUT WERE REDUCED TO A DIME BY THE FOURTH INNING 4HE ,EAGUES SECOND SEASON OPENED ON !PRIL WITH AN UNSATISFYING TIE BETWEEN "OSTON AND A TEAM THAT OFlCIALLY REPRESENTED (ARTFORD BUT WAS LISTED BY MOST NEWSPAPERS AS "ROOKLYN IN THE DAILY STANDINGS BECAUSE IT PLAYED ITS HOME GAMES AT "ROOKLYNS 5NION 'ROUNDS "UT NOT EVEN USING HEAVILY POPULATED "ROOKLYN AS ITS HOME BASE COULD SPARE THE #ONNECTICUT OWNED TEAM FROM lNANCIAL RUIN !S IN #HICAGO WAS THE ONLY ,EAGUE TEAM TO TURN A PROlT /NE NEWSPAPER ESTIMATED THE LOSSES OF THE OTHER lVE CLUBS AT AND #INCINNATI HAD SUCH DIRE GH N
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X[d[Wj^ j^[ bek_il_bb[ iYWdZWb 4HE TRANSGRESSION THAT ENABLED "OSTON TO WIN THE PENNANT WAS UNEARTHED AFTER *OHN (ALDE MAN USED HIS INmUENCE AS BOTH A SPORTSWRITER ON THE ,OUISVILLE #OURIER *OURNAL AND THE SON OF 'RAYS PRESIDENT 7ALTER (ALDEMAN TO PROD 'RAYS VICE PRESIDENT #HARLES #HASE TO PROBE THE TEAMS LATE SEASON COLLAPSE ! FORMER COLLEGE PLAYER AT 7ASHINGTON AND ,EE (ALDEMAN GOT INTO ONE GAME AT SECOND BASE WITH ,OUISVILLE ON *ULY AT #INCINNATI IN #INCINNATIS lRST GAME AFTER BEING RESTORED TO THE ,EAGUE AND HIS PUSH FOR AN INVESTIGATION WAS PERHAPS MOTIVATED PARTLY BY RESENT MENT THAT MANAGER *ACK #HAPMAN HADNT GIVEN HIM MORE OF A CHANCE DESPITE THE FACT THAT HE MADE THREE ERRORS (ALDEMANS CAUSE WAS AIDED WHEN THE 'RAYS IN THE MIDST OF THEIR TAILSPIN AGAINST EAST ERN ,EAGUE TEAMS ALSO SUSTAINED AN EMBARRASSING LOSS TO 2OCHESTER .EW 9ORK AT THE VICTORS HOME PARK IN AN EXHIBITION GAME THAT MAY ALSO HAVE BEEN lXED IN ADVANCE 4HERE WAS TESTIMONY AS WELL THAT AN EXHIBITION GAME AGAINST ,OWELL -ASSACHUSETTS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 'RAYS EASTERN SWING WAS THE lRST TO BE RIGGED AND WHEN THAT LOSS ROUSED NO PARTICULAR SUSPICION THE CONSPIRATORS MOVED FULL SPEED AHEAD )N ANY CASE #HASE lNALLY GAVE IN TO HIS GROWING ALARM OVER THE HUGE NUM BER OF WIRES THAT SUBSTITUTE !L .ICHOLS WAS GETTING AND ASKED TO INSPECT THEM 7HEN .ICHOLS REFUSED PERMISSION #HASE CHARGED THAT IT WAS THE ACT OF A GUILTY MAN .ICHOLS THEN RELUCTANTLY ALLOWED THE WIRES TO BE EXAMINED 4HE EVIDENCE WAS DAMNING %ASTERN GAMBLERS TELEGRAPHED THE CODE WORD hSASHv FOR ANY GAME THEY WANTED THE 'RAYS TO DUMP #ENTERlELDER 'EORGE (ALL AND PITCHER *IM $EVLIN CONFESSED IMPLI CATING .ICHOLS AND THIRD BASEMAN "ILL #RAVER #RAVER LONG UNDER SUSPICION OF DUMPING GAMES PRO CLAIMED HIS INNOCENCE AND CALLED ON HIS CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO DENY PERMISSION TO HAVE HIS MAIL EX AMINED HIS STANCE WAS TAKEN AS EVIDENCE OF GUILT AND HE TOO WAS BARRED &OR YEARS $EVLIN HOUNDED ,EAGUE PRESIDENT 7ILLIAM (ULBERT BEGGING TO BE REINSTATED (IS PLEAS REPEATEDLY FELL ON DEAF EARS THOUGH (ULBERT SOMETIMES SLIPPED HIM MONEY FOR HIS FAMILY $EVLIN WAS WORKING AS A BEAT COP IN 0HILADELPHIA WHEN HE DIED IN 4HE MAJOR PERSONALITIES IN THE "LACK 3OX SCANDAL ALL HAD THEIR COUNTERPARTS IN THE ,OUISVILLE SHAME ,IKE #HICK 'ANDIL .ICHOLS WAS THE ORGANIZER (ALL PLAYED 3WEDE 2ISBERGS ROLL AS THE EN FORCER $EVLIN WAS A CLOSE PARALLEL TO *OE *ACKSON THE SEEMINGLY NAIVE DUPE !ND #RAVER MAY HAVE BEEN NO MORE THAN "UCK 7EAVER A NONPARTICIPANT IN THE CONSPIRACY WHO NONETHELESS HAD GUILTY KNOWLEDGE OF IT 9EARS LATER 0OP 3NYDER THE TEAMS CATCHER AVOWED THAT THERE WERE OTHER PLAYERS IN ON THE lX WHO WERE NEVER IMPLICATED BUT HE REFUSED TO IDENTIFY THEM #HAPMANS ROLE IN THE SCANDAL IS STILL UNCLEAR AND PROBABLY ALWAYS WILL BE 4HERE IS NO EVIDENCE IN ANY CASE THAT HE WAS AWARE THAT ANYTHING WAS AWRY WITH HIS PLAYERS 4WO OF THEM *OE 'ERHARDT AND *UICE ,ATHAM BECAME PART OF THE NEXT ,OUISVILLE MAJOR CIRCUIT ENTRY IN THE MID S AFTER THE CLUB JOINED THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION AND #HAPMAN HIMSELF PILOTED THE &ALLS #ITY FRANCHISE TO ITS ONLY BIG LEAGUE PENNANT IN
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j^[ \_hij c_deh¬ b[W]k[ 4HE BATTLE FOR THE PUBLIC BASEBALL DOLLAR SPREAD IN &EBRUARY WHEN REPRESENTATIVES OF TEAMS ASSEMBLED NEAR 0ITTSBURGH IN !LLEGHENY HOME OF THE INDEPENDENT !LLEGHENY CLUB TO FORM A NEW ORGANIZATION TO REPLACE THE OLD .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION THE ,EAGUE HAD KILLED #ANDY #UMMINGS WHO HAD PITCHED FOR THE (ARTFORD ,EAGUE ENTRY IN WAS ELECTED PRESIDENT OF THE RIVAL LOOP WHICH CALLED ITSELF THE )NTERNATIONAL !SSOCIATION OF 0ROFESSIONAL "ASEBALL 0LAYERS 5PON THE CLOSE OF THE SEASON #UMMINGS HAD JOINED THE ,IVE /AK CLUB OF ,YNN -ASSACHUSETTS PREFERRING TO RETURN TO A PLAYER CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE /THER ,EAGUE PERFORMERS WHO BELIEVED THAT CRAFTSMEN SHOULD HAVE A VOICE IN HOW THEIR WORKSHOP IS RUN ALSO JUMPED SHIP AFTER THE ,EAGUES INAUGURAL SEASON TO SIGN WITH )! TEAMS 4HOUGH THE )! IS NOW CONSIDERED THE lRST MINOR LEAGUE ITS ORGANIZERS IN NO SENSE VIEWED THEM SELVES AS hMINORv OPERATORS IN AND THE EVENTS OF THAT SEASON SUPPORT THEIR CONTENTION THAT THEIR CIRCUIT WAS IN MOST RESPECTS THE ,EAGUES EQUAL )N ,EAGUE CLUBS LOST NO FEWER THAN GAMES TO OUTSIDE CLUBS 4HOUGH ITS TICKETS WERE HIGHER PRICED AND ITS PLAYER SALARIES WERE CORRE SPONDINGLY GREATER THE ,EAGUE HAD NO CORNER ON TALENT IN (AVING THE ADVANTAGE OF HINDSIGHT WE NOW KNOW THAT THE PLAYERS ON THE TOP SIX )! CLUBS THAT YEAR COLLECTIVELY ACCRUED MORE EVENTUAL SEASONS OF MAJOR LEAGUE BALL THAN THE PLAYERS ON THE SIX ,EAGUE CLUBS 4HE 4ECUMSEH 3TARS OF ,ONDON #ANADA WERE OFlCIALLY CROWNED THE lRST )! CHAMPION AFTER WINNING OF THEIR CHAMPIONSHIP CONTESTS WHICH ALSO INCLUDED FOUR LOSSES AND THREE TIES )N ACTUALITY 4ECUMSEH PLAYED MORE THAN GAMES DURING THE SEASON MANY OF THEM AGAINST ,EAGUE TEAMS AND lNISHED WITH A TOTAL RECORD OF WINS LOSSES AND SEVEN TIES 'AINING SECOND PLACE IN THE INITIAL )! SEASON WAS THE !LLEGHENY CLUB OF 0ITTSBURGH 4HE RACE WAS NOT DECIDED UNTIL THE lNAL CHAMPIONSHIP GAME OF THE SEASON FOR BOTH NINES ON /CTOBER WHEN 4ECUMSEH BEAT THE 0ITTSBURGH CLUB 4ECUMSEHS USUAL BATTING ALIGNMENT WAS 0HIL 0OWERS # &RED 'OLDSMITH 0 -IKE $INNIN " *OE (ORNUNG ,& &OGHORN "RADLEY " %D 3OMERVILLE 33 (ERM $OSCHER " *AKE +NOWDELL #& AND A WIDE ASSORTMENT OF NONDESCRIPT PART TIMERS SERVING IN RIGHT lELD AND OCCUPYING THE BOTTOM OF THE ORDER $INNIN WAS THE ONLY 4ECUMSEH REGULAR WHO NEVER PLAYED IN THE MAJORS )N LATE !UGUST 3OMERVILLE THE TEAM CAPTAIN TOOK ILL AND HAD TO BE REPLACED (E SUBSEQUENTLY DIED ON /CTOBER MARRING THE TEAMS CELEBRATION THE FOLLOWING DAY WHEN IT CLINCHED THE )! TITLE
CASH mOW PROBLEMS THAT IT FOLDED BRIEmY IN *UNE AND ITS GAMES WERE THROWN OUT OF THE STANDINGS THEY WERE LATER RESTORED THEN THROWN OUT AGAIN AND THEN lNALLY RESTORED )N THE BRIEF TIME #INCINNATI WAS OUT OF BUSINESS 7ILLIAM (ULBERT PILFERED THREE OF ITS PLAYERS#HARLEY *ONES *IMMY (ALLINAN AND (ARRY 3MITHFOR HIS #HICAGO 7HITE 3TOCKINGS 4HE OUTCRY FROM THE OTHER ,EAGUE CITIES AGAINST THIS PIRACY FORCED (ULBERT TO REMEMBER THAT HE WAS ALSO FUNCTIONING AS LOOP
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4HE 3YRACUSE 3TARS 4OP -IKE -ANSELL (ICK #ARPENTER AND 0ETE (OTALING -IDDLE (ARRY -C#ORMICK !LEX -C+INNON #APTAIN *IM #LINTON !L (ALL AND THE INFAMOUS $ICK (IGHAM &RONT THE NEARLY AS INFAMOUS "ILLY 'EER AND *ACK &ARRELL ! PARTICULARLY ILL FATED GROUP THE 3TARS A YEAR LATER BECAME THE MOST PROMINENT PROFESSIONAL TEAM TO FAIL TO WIN A PENNANT DESPITE LOGGING THE HIGHEST WINNING PERCENTAGE IN THEIR LOOP )N -ANSELL NEARLY DIED OF TYPHOID AND ELEVEN YEARS LATER -C+INNON DID DIE OF IT AFTER TAKING ILL BETWEEN GAMES OF A *ULY DOUBLEHEADER WHILE LEADING 0ITTSBURGH IN HITTING 4HAT SAME SUMMER 'EER WAS INCARCERATED IN .EW 9ORK ONE OF HIS MANY PRISON TERMS FOR SWINDLING FORGERY AND LARCENY BEFORE HE DISAPPEARED INTO SOCIETYS UNDERBELLY (IGHAM ALSO ALL BUT DISAPPEARED INTO THE WOODWORK AFTER BECOMING THE ONLY MAJOR LEAGUE UMPIRE EVER TO BE BANISHED FROM THE GAME IN -C#ORMICK FOR YEARS WAS MISTAKENLY LISTED AS HAVING DIED IN BUT NOW IS NOTED AS HAVING DISAPPEARED AS WELL (ALLS WRETCHED STORY IS TOLD IN THE NEXT CHAPTER
PRESIDENT AND RETURN *ONES THE BEST OF THE TRIO BUT HE KEPT THE OTHER TWO EVEN AFTER THE #HICAGO 4RIBUNE VOWED TO STOP RUNNING THE SCORES OF THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS GAMES ON ITS SPORTS PAGE (ULBERTS POACHING NOTWITHSTANDING #HICAGO WAS NEVER A FACTOR IN THE RACE $ESPITE RETAINING ALL OF THE STARS FROM HIS CHAMPION CLUB WITH THE SOLE EXCEPTION OF $EACON 7HITE MANAGER !L 3PALDING SAW HIS TEAM SINK TO NEXT TO LAST PLACE -UCH OF THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS SHOCKING CRASH WAS ATTRIBUTABLE TO 3PALDING HIMSELF 4HE GAMES TOP PITCHER IN HE WAS NO MORE THAN A MEDIOCRE lRST BASEMAN WHEN HE OPTED TO STATION HIMSELF THERE AFTER RELINQUISH ING HIS PITCHING DUTIES TO 'EORGE "RADLEY )N THE OFF SEASON 3PALDING HAD URGED (ULBERT TO SIGN "RADLEY SENSING THAT 3T ,OUISS ACE IN WOULD ONLY IMPROVE WHEREAS HIS OWN BEST DAYS IN THE BOX WERE BEHIND HIM 3PALDING GUESSED WRONG ON "RADLEY AS WELL AS ON HIS OWN ABILITY TO lLL THE HOLE AT lRST BASE CREATED BY 7HITES DEPARTURE TO "OSTON "UT AN EQUALLY IMPORTANT REASON
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Y^_YW]e=i eh_]_dWb ^_jb[ii medZ[hi 4HE #HICAGO 7HITE 3TOCKINGS lRST BY A WIDE MARGIN IN BOTH BATTING AND SLUGGING THE PREVIOUS YEAR SET AN UNWANTED RECORD IN WHEN THEY WENT HOMERLESS FOR THE ENTIRE SEASON .O OTHER MAJOR LEAGUE TEAM SINCE WITH THE EXCEPTION OF -ILWAUKEE AND 3T 0AUL MEMBERS OF THE 5NION !SSOCIATION FOR JUST AND EIGHT GAMES RESPECTIVELY IN HAS FAILED TO HIT AT LEAST ONE FOUR BAGGER
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FOR #HICAGOS SHARP TUMBLE TOWARD THE BASEMENT IN WAS 2OSS "ARNESS SWIFT DEMISE AS AN OFFENSIVE FORCE OWING TO A LENGTHY ILLNESS AND THE ELIMINATION OF THE FAIR FOUL RULE /NCE IT BECAME CLEAR THAT THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS WOULD NOT REPEAT ATTENTION FELL ON "OSTON AND ,OUISVILLE 4HE 2ED #APS STILL HAD SEVERAL MEMBERS FROM THEIR FOUR TIME .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION CHAMPIONSHIP TEAM MOST PROMINENTLY SHORTSTOP 'EORGE 7RIGHT AND OUTlELDERS !NDY ,EONARD AND *IM /2OURKE $EACON 7HITES RETURN AFTER A YEAR IN #HICAGO BROUGHT "OSTON THE LOOP BATTING AND 2") LEADER AND THE TEAMS PITCHING WOES IN AFTER LOSING 3PALDING TO #HICAGO WERE REMEDIED WHEN MANAGER (ARRY 7RIGHT COAXED (ARTFORD ACE 4OMMY "OND TO COME NORTH TO -ASSACHUSETTS FOR THE SEASON 3TILL "OSTON COULD NOT SHAKE ,OUISVILLE !S STELLAR AS "OND WAS IN THE BOX NO TEAM HAD A MORE YEOMAN WORKER IN THAN *IM $EVLIN OF THE 'RAYS 7ITH $EVLIN HURLING EVERY GAME AND DOUBLING AS THE TEAMS CLEANUP HITTER ,OUISVILLE SHOT TO A COMMANDING LEAD IN EARLY !UGUST !FTER THE 'RAYS WON A PAIR OF GAMES IN #HICAGO ON !UGUST AND %ASTERN WRITERS EAGERLY AWAITED THE TEAMS LAST TRIP EAST TO "OSTON AND (ARTFORD "ROOKLYN 7ROTE ONE h.EVER BEFORE HAS THE GLORIOUS UNCERTAINTY OF THE NATIONAL GAME BEEN SO CONSPICUOUSLY DISPLAYED AS IT HAS IN THE PROFESSIONAL ARENA THIS YEAR ! SERIES OF SURPRISES HAVE FOLLOWED EACH OTHER IN RAPID SUCCES SION 4HIS YEAR NO ONE HAS KNOWN WHERE THE LITTLE JOKER HAS BEEN HID AND IN CONSEQUENCE
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A SPICY INTEREST HAS BEEN ADDED TO THE BETTING BUSINESS ON BASE BALL MATCHESv 4HE SAME REPORTER THEN OBSERVED WITH UNINTENTIONAL IRONY h4HUS FAR THE SEASON HAS BEEN AN EXCEPTIONAL ONE IN THE INTEGRITY OF PLAY EXHIBITED BY ALL THE CONTESTING TEAMS IN THE ,EAGUE ARENA AND IT IS TO BE HOPED THAT NOTHING WILL OCCUR TO MAR THE RECORD IN THIS IM PORTANT RESPECTv 4HE REPORTERS HOPE WAS BRUTALLY DASHED WHEN ,OUISVILLE SUFFERED FOUR STRAIGHT LOSSES IN "OSTON AND THREE LOSSES AND A TIE IN ITS lNAL FOUR GAMES IN "ROOKLYN 4HE ASTONISHING STRING OF DEFEATS DROPPED THE 'RAYS BEHIND "OSTON BY THE TIME THEY LEFT THE EAST AND THEY NEVER RECOVERED 7HEN $EVLIN LOST TO ,AURIE 2EIS IN #HICAGO ON /CTO BER THE lNAL DAY OF THE SEASON THE 'RAYS lNISHED SEVEN FULL GAMES BEHIND "OSTON AFTER HOLDING A SEEMINGLY INSURMOUNTABLE LEAD ON THEIR PREVIOUS VISIT TO #HICAGO JUST EIGHT WEEKS EARLIER ,OUISVILLES INEXPLICABLE COLLAPSE LEFT SO RANK AN AROMA THAT CLUB OFlCIALS WERE COMPELLED TO INVESTIGATE RUMORS THAT $EVLIN AND OTHER TEAM MEMBERS HAD THROWN THE PENNANT TO "OSTON 7HEN THE RUMORS WERE BORNE OUT (ULBERT ACTED QUICKLY AND DECISIVELY EXPELLING FOUR ,OUISVILLE PLAYERS FOR LIFE AND THE DECIMATED &ALLS #ITY TEAM DROPPED OUT OF THE ,EAGUE AS DID 3T ,OUIS WHICH HAD SECRETLY ARRANGED TO SIGN TWO OF THE MISCREANTS FOR THE SEASON (ARTFORD ALSO QUIT WHEN THE CLUB DREW NO BETTER IN "ROOKLYN THAN IT HAD IN #ONNECTICUT 4HE LATEST EXODUS MEANT THAT AFTER BEING IN OPERATION FOR ONLY TWO SEASONS THE ,EAGUE WOULD BEGIN ITS THIRD YEAR WITH JUST THREE OF ITS ORIGINAL EIGHT MEMBERS STILL IN PLACE
! YOUNG !RTHUR )RWIN )N )RWIN PLAYED FOR THE !MATEURS THE TOP NON PROFESSIONAL TEAM IN "OSTON HIS ADOPTED HOME &OURTEEN YEARS LATER HIS PLAYING CAREER NEARING ITS END HE MANAGED THE "OSTON 2EDS TO THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION PENNANT BUT HE FELT HIS TEAM WAS CHEATED OUT OF A CHANCE TO PLAY IN WHAT WOULD HAVE BEEN THE lNAL !! AND ., 7ORLDS 3ERIES WHEN #AP !NSONS #HICAGO #OLTS WHICH HAD PLEDGED TO PLAY )RWINS 2EDS IF THEY WON INSTEAD LOST AN ., PENNANT TO THE "OSTON "EANEATERS THAT !NSON INSISTED HAD BEEN lXED FOR HIM TO LOSE )RWIN WELL REMEMBERED WHEN "OSTON HAD lRST WON A CONTROVERSIAL PENNANT IN (ERE IS WHAT HE SAID IN THE /CTOBER ISSUE OF 4HE 3PORTING .EWS REGARDING "OSTONS SECOND CONTROVERSIAL PENNANT WIN h7ELL THEY HAVE MADE A PRETTY MESS OF IT IN THE ,EAGUE HAVENT THEY 4HESE CHARGES OF CROOKEDNESS WILL KILL THE GAME UNLESS THEY ARE EXPLAINED AWAY AND THEY CANT BE EXPLAINED AWAY 3IMPLY BECAUSE THEY ARE TRUE AND THERE IS PLENTY OF PROOF 7HILE THE .EW 9ORKS WERE IN "OSTON "UCK %WING AND -IKE +ELLY MADE NO SECRET OF THE FACT THAT THE "OSTONS WERE TO WIN ALL THE GAMES 4HEY TALKED IT OVER IN THE DRESSING ROOM AND %WING lXED UP HIS TEAM IN +ELLYS PRESENCE AND TALKED AND LAUGHED OVER IT IN THE PRESENCE OF OTHERSv 7HEN ASKED IF HE COULD SUBSTANTIATE THIS )RWIN SAID h9ES EVERY WORD OF IT CAN BE PROVEN BY REPUTABLE WITNESSES WHO WERE IN THE DRESSING ROOM )T WAS COMMON TALK IN "OSTON AND FURTHER THAN THAT THERE IS NO SECRET THAT "UCK %WING GAVE THE SIGNS OF THE .EW 9ORK PITCHERS TO -IKE +ELLYv &ROM ALL APPEARANCES NO MEMBER OF EITHER THE .EW 9ORK OR "OSTON TEAM EVER STEPPED FORWARD PUBLICLY TO DENY SO MUCH AS A SINGLE WORD THAT )RWIN SAID
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"OSTON 2ED #APS ,OUISVILLE 'RAYS (ARTFORD $ARK "LUES 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS #HICAGO 7HITE 3TOCKINGS #INCINNATI 2ED 3TOCKINGS
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/N "ASE 0ERCENTAGE
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$ 7HITE "OSTON *ONES #INCI #HI #INCI #ASSIDY (ARTFORD -C6EY #HICAGO /2OURKE "OSTON
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$ 7HITE "OSTON -C6EY #HICAGO /2OURKE "OSTON (ALL ,OUISVILLE #ASSIDY (ARTFORD
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$ 7HITE "OSTON 0ETERS #HICAGO 3UTTON "OSTON *ONES #INCI #HI #INCI 9ORK (ARTFORD
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/2OURKE "OSTON ' 7RIGHT "OSTON -C6EY #HICAGO 3TART (ARTFORD (ALL ,OUISVILLE *ONES #INCI #HI #INCI
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' "RADLEY #HICAGO "OND "OSTON
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$EVLIN ,OUISVILLE "OND "OSTON ,ARKIN (ARTFORD .ICHOLS 3T ,OUIS ' "RADLEY #HICAGO
"OND "OSTON $EVLIN ,OUISVILLE ,ARKIN (ARTFORD .ICHOLS 3T ,OUIS ' "RADLEY #HICAGO
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,OWEST /N "ASE 0ERCENTAGE
,OWEST "ATTING !VERAGE
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"OND "OSTON ,ARKIN (ARTFORD $EVLIN ,OUISVILLE ' "RADLEY #HICAGO .ICHOLS 3T ,OUIS
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,ATHAM ,OUISVILLE 3PALDING #HICAGO $ 7HITE "OSTON
3TART (ARTFORD 3PALDING #HICAGO ,ATHAM ,OUISVILLE
" "URDOCK (ARTFORD ' 7RIGHT "OSTON 'ERHARDT ,OUISVILLE
'ERHARDT ,OUISVILLE ' 7RIGHT "OSTON "URDOCK (ARTFORD
"URDOCK (ARTFORD 'ERHARDT ,OUISVILLE ' 7RIGHT "OSTON
" &ERGUSON (ARTFORD &OLEY #INCINNATI (AGUE ,OUISVILLE
&ERGUSON (ARTFORD &OLEY #INCINNATI (AGUE ,OUISVILLE
!NSON #HICAGO (AGUE ,OUISVILLE &ERGUSON (ARTFORD
33 0ETERS #HICAGO &ORCE 3T ,OUIS #RAVER ,OUISVILLE
0ETERS #HICAGO #AREY (ARTFORD #RAVER ,OUISVILLE
&ORCE 3T ,OUIS #RAVER ,OUISVILLE 0ETERS #HICAGO
3HAFFER ,OUISVILLE !DDY #INCINNATI #ASSIDY (ARTFORD
3HAFFER ,OUISVILLE "LONG 3T ,OUIS (INES #HICAGO
#ROWLEY ,OUISVILLE (OLDSWORTH (ARTFORD 0IKE #INCINNATI
%GGLER #HICAGO #ROWLEY ,OUISVILLE /2OURKE "OSTON
# *ONES #INCI #HI #INCI 'LENN #HICAGO (ALL ,OUISVILLE
(ALL ,OUISVILLE ,EONARD "OSTON 9ORK (ARTFORD
3NYDER ,OUISVILLE , "ROWN "OSTON #LAPP 3T ,OUIS
3NYDER ,OUISVILLE , "ROWN "OSTON #LAPP 3T ,OUIS
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3TART (ARTFORD ,ATHAM ,OUISVILLE 3PALDING #HICAGO
" 'ERHARDT ,OUISVILLE ' 7RIGHT "OSTON "URDOCK (ARTFORD
' 7RIGHT "OSTON 'ERHARDT ,OUISVILLE "URDOCK (ARTFORD
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3HORN OF 3T ,OUIS THE SECOND LARGEST CITY IN THE 7EST TOGETHER WITH ,OUISVILLE AND (ARTFORD BOTH lRST DIVISION TEAMS IN LOOP PRESIDENT 7ILLIAM (ULBERT HAD TO SCRAMBLE IN THE EARLY MONTHS OF TO RESTORE THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE TO SIX ENTRIES (IS SOLUTION WAS TO SPIRIT 0ROVI DENCE AWAY FROM THE )NTERNATIONAL !SSOCIATION AND CAJOLE INDEPENDENT TEAMS FROM -ILWAUKEE AND )NDIANAPOLIS TO BECOME PARTNERS IN HIS TOTTERING ENTERPRISE "UT lRST (ULBERT HAD TO AMEND THE ,EAGUE CONSTITUTION WHICH ORIGINALLY REQUIRED THAT ALL CITIES IN THE LOOP HAVE A MINIMUM POPULATION OF WITH (ARTFORD GRANTED AN EXEMPTION BECAUSE IT AGREED TO PLAY MOST OF ITS HOME GAMES IN "ROOKLYN /NCE THE ,EAGUES FUTURE WAS ASSURED FOR AT LEAST ONE MORE SEASON (ULBERT LAUNCHED A RUTHLESS CAMPAIGN TO CUT OFF THE BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE SMALL TOWN CLUBS THAT COMPRISED MOST OF THE )!S MEMBERSHIP 3INCE THE ,EAGUE HAD PARKS WITH MUCH GREATER GATE POTENTIAL THAN HIS RIVAL (ULBERT DECREED THAT ,EAGUE CLUBS COULD NO LONGER ALLOW OUTSIDE TEAMS TO PLAY IN THEIR PARKS 4HIS INTERDICTION MEANT THAT WHILE "OSTON FOR EXAMPLE COULD STILL PLAY NEIGHBORING ,OWELL IN ,OWELLS TINY PARK WITH A CAPACITY OF AROUND ,OWELL WAS DENIED THE MONETARY WINDFALL FROM PLAYING IN "OSTONS 3OUTH %ND 'ROUNDS CAPABLE OF HOLDING SOME 4HOUGH ALMOST EVERY ,EAGUE CLUB RELIED ON GAMES AGAINST OUTSIDE TEAMS FOR MUCH OF ITS REVENUE ALL RELUCTANTLY COMPLIED WITH (ULBERTS MANDATE -ONEY ISSUES WEIGHED HEAVILY ON THE ,EAGUE IN "EGINNING THAT SEASON THE UMPIRE FEE OF WAS PAID BY THE VISITING CLUB "ALANCING THAT EXPENSE FOR VISITORS WAS A NEW SYSTEM FOR DIVIDING GATE RECEIPTS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE INVENTION THE PREVIOUS YEAR OF THE SELF REGISTERING TURNSTILE !S A RESULT VISITORS NOW RECEIVED ` FOR EACH SPECTATOR ADMITTED TO THE HOME CLUBS PARK THROUGH THE TURNSTILE WHICH RECORDED THE COUNT EACH TIME AN ENTERING BODY TURNED ITS MECHANISM 4HE VISITING CLUBS SECRETARY WAS GIVEN THE KEYS TO THE TURNSTILE BEFORE EACH GAME TO OPEN IT AND CHECK ITS COUNT AND THEN AFlX A SEAL TO IT AFTER THE LAST CUSTOMER ENTERED GJ J
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mh_]^j=i cW]_Y Z[i[hji ^_c )N THE SEASONS BETWEEN AND (ARRY 7RIGHT MANAGED AN UNDEFEATED NATIONAL CHAM PIONTHE #INCINNATI 2ED 3TOCKINGSAND SIX MAJOR LEAGUE PENNANT WINNERS 4HOUGH HE REMAINED A PILOT ANOTHER YEARS AFTER HE NEVER WON ANOTHER PENNANT )T WAS NOT THAT THE GAME PASSED HIM BY AS CERTAINLY HAPPENED TO OTHER LONG TERM MANAGERS SUCH AS #ONNIE -ACK 7RIGHTS UNDOING WAS THAT ONCE HE LEFT "OSTON FOLLOWING THE SEASON HE NEVER AGAIN HAD THE HORSES !N UNPARALLELED EXPERT AT ASSEMBLING A TEAM PRIOR TO THE ADOPTION OF THE 2ESERVE #LAUSE IN 7RIGHT WAS LESS SUCCESSFUL WHEN HE HAD TO RELY ON MORE MODERN METHODS TO ACQUIRE TALENT 7RIGHTS MANAGERIAL SKILLS WERE ALSO BEST SUITED TO THE KIND OF GAME (ENRY #HADWICK ADORED TIGHTLY CONTESTED WITH LITTLE SCORING )T WAS NO COINCIDENCE THAT HIS BEST TEAMS IN THE LATTER PORTION OF HIS CAREERTHE 0HILADELPHIA 0HILLIESHAD THE SAME STRENGTHS AS HIS "OSTON CHAMPS PITCHING AND DEFENSE AS WELL AS THE SAME mAW THE WEAKEST HITTING OF ANY WINNING TEAM DURING THE ERA 7RIGHTS LAST SEASON AS A PILOT IN WAS LADEN WITH IRONY "Y THEN HIS 0HILADELPHIA CLUB HAD THE TOP BATTING ATTACK IN THE MAJORS AND ONE OF THE WORST PITCHING STAFFS %VEN IF HIS HEALTH HAD NOT BETRAYED HIM THE PARADOX MIGHT HAVE BEEN MORE THAN HE CARED TO ENDURE
/N THE lELD THE CHANGES WERE FEW BUT MEANINGFUL !N RULE REQUIRING THE HOME TEAM TO BAT lRST GAVE WAY TO A NEW STATUTE ALLOWING THE TWO CAPTAINS TO DETERMINE WHICH SIDE TOOK lRST RAPS USUALLY BY mIPPING A COIN WITH THE HOME TEAM ACCORDED THE RIGHT TO CALL THE TOSS ! SECOND RULE MODIlCATION IN ELIMINATED THE USE OF A SUBSTITUTE RUNNER UNTIL A BATTER ACTU ALLY REACHED BASE SAFELY 4HE NEWFANGLED SELF REGISTERING TURNSTILES REVOLVED ALL TOO SELDOM IN SEVERAL ,EAGUE PARKS IN "Y THE END OF THE SEASON )NDIANAPOLIS OWNER 7ILLIAM 0ERRITT OWED SO MUCH MONEY THAT HE WAS FORCED TO mEE )NDIANA TO AVOID HIS MANY CREDITORS 4HE BULK OF 0ERRITTS DEBT WAS INCURRED BEFORE THE SEASON EVEN BEGAN WHEN HE RAIDED THE -APLE ,EAF TEAM OF 'UELPH /NTARIO FOR TAL ENT 0ERRITT HAD TASTE IF INSUFlCIENT CAPITAL )N DESPITE lNISHING NEXT TO LAST )NDIANAPOLIS INTRODUCED THREE FUTURE ,EAGUE STARS IN .ED 7ILLIAMSON 3ILVER &LINT AND *IM -C#ORMICK #EL LAR DWELLING -ILWAUKEE LIKEWISE UNVEILED A TRIO OF IMPACT ROOKIES CATCHER #HARLIE "ENNETT DISPUTED BATTING KING !BNER $ALRYMPLE AND THE LUCKLESS "UCK 7EAVER 4HOUGH HE SURRENDERED FEWER THAN TWO EARNED RUNS A START IN 7EAVER LOST OF HIS DECISIONS AS HIS MATES AVER AGED MORE THAN SIX ERRORS PER GAME BEHIND HIM 4HE ERRATIC PLAY OF THE TWO WESTERN NEWCOMERS AND #HICAGOS CONTINUED PERPLEXING LACK OF COHESION DESPITE ALL ITS TALENT HELPED THE #INCINNATI 2ED 3TOCKINGS TO RISE ALL THE WAY TO SECOND PLACE AFTER TWO STRAIGHT BASEMENT lNISHES !N EVEN GREATER BOOST TO THE 1UEEN #ITY CLUBS FOR
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j^[ \_[ho \[h]kied !S BAFmING TO CASUAL OBSERVERS AS (ARRY 7RIGHTS SUCCESS IN WITH THE LIGHT HITTING "OSTON 2ED #APS WAS "OB &ERGUSONS INABILITY TO LIFT THE HEAVY HITTING #HICAGO 7HITE 3TOCKINGS OUT OF THE SEC OND DIVISION )N THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS TOPPED THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE IN BOTH BATTING AND RUNS BY A WIDE MARGIN HAD A STAFF %2! THAT WAS JUST RUNS HIGHER THAN ST PLACE "OSTONS AND COM MITTED FEWER ERRORS THAN RD PLACE 0ROVIDENCE (IRING &ERGUSON TO PLAY THIRD BASE AND PILOT THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS WAS !L 3PALDINGS IDEA AFTER HE HAD ADMIRINGLY WATCHED &ERGUSONS lREBRAND STYLE OF LEADERSHIP SPUR MEDIOCRE (ARTFORD TEAMS TO lRST DIVISION lNISHES IN BOTH AND 9ET IN HIS MEMOIR 3PALDING WOULD CALL &ERGUSON hTACTLESSv AND HOPELESSLY LACKING ANY KNOWLEDGE hOF THE SUBTLE SCIENCE OF HANDLING MEN BY STRATEGY RATHER THAN BY FORCEv "EFORE HE CAME TO #HICAGO &ERGUSONS REPUTATION RESTED AS MUCH ON HIS IMPECCABLE HONESTY AND ALACRITY TO mATTEN ANY GAMBLER FOOLISH ENOUGH TO APPROACH HIM AS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF TEAMS HE RAN 0RIOR TO HE GENERALLY HAD HIS PICK OF JOBS 7HEN THE STERN EXAMPLE OF THE ,OUISVILLE SCANDAL LESSENED THE NEED FOR PARA GONS OF INTEGRITY AND &ERGUSONS IMPATIENT IRASCIBLE PERSONALITY HELPED SINK WHAT 3PALDING FELT OUGHT TO HAVE BEEN A DOMINANT #HICAGO TEAM &ERGUSON BEGAN A LONG DOWNWARD COURSE TO NEAR OB SCURITY .O MAN WAS MORE KNOWLEDGEABLE ABOUT THE GAME OR MORE VERSATILE IN WHAT HE COULD DO TO EARN A LIVING AT IT THAN &ERGUSON (E HAD MOMENTS OF BRILLIANCE AS A PLAYER A MANAGER AND AN UMPIRE AND MIGHT HAVE MADE A LASTING MARK AT ANY OR ALL OF THE THREE VENUES 9ET WHEN HE IS REMEMBERED NOW IT IS CHIEmY BY TRIVIA BUFFS WHO KNOW HIM AS THE GAMES lRST SWITCH HITTER
j^[ d_d[j[[dj^ Y[djkho=i X[ij o[Wh \eh heea_[ f_jY^[hi /F THE NINE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE PITCHERS WHO LOGGED OR MORE INNINGS IN ONLY TWO4OMMY "OND AND 4ERRY ,ARKINREACHED TRIPLE DIGITS AGAIN IN *IM $EVLIN WOULD SURELY HAVE BEEN A THIRD HAD HE NOT BEEN BANISHED IN THE ,OUISVILLE SCANDAL BUT HIS SIX COHORTS WERE LITTLE MISSED )N EVEN THOUGH IT HAD JUST SIX TEAMS AND THREE OF THEM USED ESSENTIALLY A ONE MAN PITCHING ROTA TION THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE USHERED IN THREE ROOKIE PITCHERS WHO COMBINED FOR WINS IN THE MAJORS AND TWO OTHERS 4HE /NLY .OLAN AND "UCK 7EAVER WHOSE ONLY FAULT MIGHT HAVE BEEN THAT THEY TOILED FOR MISERABLE TEAMS 4WO OF THE TRIO WHO CLICKED FOR WINS 7ILL 7HITE AND *OHN 7ARD RANKED ND AND TH RESPECTIVELY IN VICTORIES IN AND THE THIRD *IM -C#ORMICK LOOKED AT ONE POINT IN HIS CAREER AS IF HE WOULD SURELY BE THE lRST MAJOR LEAGUE PITCHER TO WIN GAMES 4HESE lVE ROOKIES ALONE ACCOUNTED FOR NEARLY HALF OF THE PITCHING WINS IN OF 4HREE OTHER ROOKIE HURLERS 4OM (EALEY (ARRY 7HEELER AND &RED #OREY ALSO WON GAMES AMONG THEM !S A RESULT YEARLING BOXMEN IN SCORED OF THE LOOPS WINS EASILY THE HIGHEST PERCENTAGE EVER BY lRST YEAR HURLERS
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*IM /2OURKE SEEN HERE WITH THE .EW 9ORK 'IANTS WAS CHAMPION "OSTONS LEADING HITTER IN /2OURKE HIT GOOD FOR TH PLACE ON THE LIST OF ., BATTING LEADERS 4HAT YEAR THERE WERE ONLY QUALIlERS ALTOGETHER IN THE SIX TEAM ,EAGUE PITCHERS INCLUDED /2OURKE ALSO LED THE OFFENSIVELY CHALLENGED TITLISTS IN RUNS WITH TYING FOR TH ON THE LEADER BOARD
TUNES CAME FROM ITS ENTRY INTO THE hFREE AGENTv MARKET !FTER lELDING A TEAM OF DREGS IN THE lRST TWO ,EAGUE SEASONS IN THE 2ED 3TOCKINGS OUTBID ALL RIVALS TO PROCURE TWO OF THE GAMES BIGGEST STARS #AL -C6EY AND $EACON 7HITE -C6EY RAN THE TEAM AND ANCHORED THE INlELD AT THIRD BASE AND 7HITE RETURNED TO CATCHING HIS ORIGINAL POSITION IN ORDER TO WORK WITH HIS BROTHER 7ILL 4HE 7HITES GAVE #INCINNATI THE lRST SIBLING BATTERY IN BIG LEAGUE HISTORY AND THE BESPECTACLED 7ILL WAS ALSO THE LEADING WINNER AMONG AN OUTSTANDING CROP OF ROOKIE PITCHERS BUT ANOTHER YEARLING RIGHTlELDER -IKE +ELLY WOULD TURN OUT TO BE BOTH THE 2ED 3TOCKINGS AND THE SEASONS GREATEST lND /NLY DEFENDING CHAMPION "OSTON UNCOVERED NO STANDOUT ROOKIES IN 'IVEN THE LOSSES OF BATTING KING $EACON 7HITE TO #INCINNATI AND CATCHER ,EW "ROWN TO 0ROVIDENCE "OSTON MANAGER (ARRY 7RIGHT SEEMINGLY NEEDED A NEW STAR BUT HE MADE DO WITHOUT ONE &OR THE SEASON 7RIGHT SHIFTED HANDYMAN *OHN -ORRILL FROM THIRD BASE TO lRST REPLACING 7HITE MOVED %ZRA 3UTTON FROM SHORTSTOP TO THIRD BASE AND PUT HIS BROTHER 'EORGE MOSTLY A SECOND BASEMAN IN BACK AT SHORT 7RIGHT SIGNED *ACK "URDOCK
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4HE )! STANDINGS 4EAM
'AMES
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4
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"UFFALO
3YRACUSE
5TICA
,ONDON
(ORNELLSVILLE
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3PRINGlELD
0ITTSBURGH
.EW (AVEN (ARTFORD
OF THE DEFUNCT (ARTFORD TEAM AS HIS NEW SECOND BASEMAN AND THE DEFUNCT ,OUISVILLE TEAM FURNISHED 7RIGHTS CATCHING REPLACEMENT 0OP 3NYDER 7RIGHTS lNAL PERSONNEL MOVE WAS TO RECALL *ACK -ANNING WHO HAD BEEN ON LOAN TO #INCINNATI TO PLAY RIGHT lELD A TROUBLE SPOT IN -ANNINGS RETURN TO "OSTON BANISHED INCUMBENT RIGHTlELDER (ARRY 3CHAFER TO THE BENCH WHERE HE WAS DESTINED TO ROT !FTER SEVEN YEARS AS A STARTER 3CHAFER GOT INTO JUST TWO GAMES IN ON -AY AGAINST 0ROVIDENCE AND lNALLY ON !UGUST IN #HICAGO 4HEY WERE THE ONLY TWO CHAMPIONSHIP GAMES ALL YEAR IN WHICH "OSTON HAD NEED FOR A SUBSTITUTE AS SEVEN OF THE 2ED
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4HE 5TICA CLUB lNISHED RD IN THE )NTERNATIONAL !SSOCIATION UNDER CAPTAIN *UICE ,ATHAM SEATED TO THE LEFT OF THE GENTLEMAN IN CIVVIES !LSO HERE ARE %D +ENNEDY TOP LEFT "LONDIE 0URCELL BESIDE +ENNEDY $OC "USHONG CENTER LEFT *OHN 2ICHMOND BESIDE "USHONG (ARDY 2ICHARDSON FRONT LEFT AND 0OP 3MITH FRONT RIGHT 2ICHARDSON PROVED TO BE BY FAR THE TEAMS BEST PLAYER /NLY A COUPLE OF BAD BREAKS LITERALLY PREVENTED HIM FROM RANKING AMONG THE UPPER ECHELON OF NINETEENTH CENTURY STARS 2ICHARDSON TWICE BROKE A LEG SLIDING lRST IN AND THEN IN /N EACH OCCASION HE WAS PAID WHILE HE WAS IDLE BUT THAT WAS ONLY BECAUSE OF HIS STATURE 2OOKIES AND SUBSTITUTES IN 2ICHARDSONS TIME WERE USUALLY RELEASED IMMEDIATELY WHEN THEY SUSTAINED A DISABLING INJURY 4HE CLASSIC CASE WAS !L (ALL #LEVELANDS CENTER lELDER IN WHOSE LEG WAS BROKEN IN #INCINNATIS HOME OPENER ON -AY IN A COLLISION WITH TEAMMATE 0ETE (OTALING 4HE #LEVELAND MANAGEMENT SAW TO IT THAT (ALL WAS CARRIED OFF THE lELD IN A MAKESHIFT LITTER AFTER HIS LEG WAS TEMPORARILY SPLINTED AND THEN TAKEN BY AMBULANCE TO #INCINNATI (OSPITAL /NCE THERE HE WAS LEFT COMPLETELY ON HIS OWN (ALL NEVER PLAYED AGAIN AND DIED lVE YEARS LATER IN AN INSANE ASYLUM IN 7ARREN 0A
3TOCKINGS NINE REGULARS PLAYED EVERY INNING OF EVERY GAME AND THE OTHER TWO 'EORGE 7RIGHT AND PITCHER 4OMMY "OND MISSED ONLY ONE CONTEST EACH "OSTONS AMAZING hIRON MANv PERFOR MANCE UNEQUALED IN THAT ERA OR ANY OTHER WAS ONLY ONE REASON THAT (ARRY 7RIGHT BAGGED HIS TH PENNANT IN SEVEN YEARS $EFENSE IN CAPITAL LETTERS WAS A MUCH LARGER INGREDIENT IN 7RIGHTS FORMULA FOR SUCCESS )N HIS NINE IRON MEN OWNED THE SECOND WORST TEAM BATTING AVERAGE IN THE ,EAGUE AND COULD PUT NO ONE AMONG THE LOOPS TOP TEN IN BATTING ON BASE PERCENTAGE AND
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TOTAL BASES "OND MOREOVER HAD THE TH BEST %2! AMONG PITCHERS IN OR MORE INNINGS NO GREAT ACHIEVEMENT WHEN THERE WERE ONLY EIGHT OF THEM "UT "URDOCK AND 'EORGE 7RIGHT WERE THE BEST KEYSTONE PAIR IN THE ,EAGUE AND THE "OSTON TEAM AS A WHOLE COMBINED TO SET A NEW lELDING AVERAGE RECORD OF AND BECOME THE lRST CLUB EVER TO AVERAGE FEWER THAN FOUR ERRORS PER GAME ! TYPICAL 2ED #APS CONTEST WAS THEIR INNING BATTLE AT )NDIANAPOLIS ON 3EPTEMBER DEEMED THE BEST ,EAGUE GAME OF THE YEAR BY $IME "ASE "ALL 0LAYER !FTER BEING BLANKED FOR NINE INNINGS ON JUST lVE SCATTERED SINGLES BY )NDYS *IM -C#ORMICK "OSTON BROKE THE LONGEST SCORELESS DEADLOCK IN THE ,EAGUE SEASON BY PUSHING ACROSS TWO RUNS IN THE TOP OF THE TH ON A PAIR OF SINGLES A SACRIlCE A STEAL AND AN ERROR AND THEN HELD THE "LUES SCORELESS IN THE BOT TOM HALF TO WIN
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.OT LISTED ARE *ENNINGS WHO COMMITTED PASSED BALLS IN HIS ONLY GAME AS A CATCHER %LLICK WHO COMMITTED IN TWO GAMES AND +NOWDELL WITH NINE PASSED BALLS IN TWO GAMES
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7ILLIAM (ULBERT WAS A REALIST -UCH AS HE DESIRED THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE TO HAVE A STRONG WESTERN mAVOR HE RELUCTANTLY GREW TO ACCEPT THAT FEW WESTERN CITIES WERE READY AS YET TO SUPPORT MA JOR LEAGUE BALL &OR THE SEASON (ULBERT CHOSE TO DUMP THE )NDIANAPOLIS AND -ILWAUKEE FRANCHISES AND EXPAND TO THE EAST TAKING ON "UFFALO AND 3YRACUSE THE )NTERNATIONAL !S SOCIATION CHAMPION AND RUNNER UP RESPECTIVELY ALONG WITH 4ROY THE TOP CLUB IN THE .EW 9ORK 3TATE !SSOCIATION ! NEW TEAM FROM #LEVELAND WAS ALSO ADDED GIVING THE ,EAGUE EIGHT ENTRIES FOR THE lRST TIME SINCE ITS MAIDEN SEASON 4HIS EXPANSION PARTICULARLY SINCE IT ROBBED THE )! THE ,EAGUES CHIEF RIVAL OF ITS TWO BEST TEAMS ENABLED (ULBERT TO lELD HIS MOST IMPRESSIVE
*OHN 7ARD BEAT *IM 4YNG ON 3EPTEMBER IN THE GAME THAT GAVE 0ROVIDENCE THE PENNANT &OLLOWING THE SEASON 7ARD HAD ALREADY BANKED WINS AND WAS STILL JUST YEARS OLD !LTHOUGH 7ARDS ARM WAS RAPIDLY GOING SOUTH ENABLING HIM TO WIN JUST THREE MORE GAMES THAT WAS ONLY CHAPTER ONE OF HIS CAREER 9ET TO COME WERE SEASONS AS A lRST RATE MIDDLE INlELDER AND A LENGTHY SERVICE AS THE ORGANIZER OF THE lRST PLAYERS UNION AND SPEARHEAD OF THE lRST HISTORIC CLASH BETWEEN PLAYERS AND MANAGEMENT
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ARRAY OF PENNANT ASPIRANTS TO DATE &URTHERMORE IT ALLOWED THE ,EAGUE TO INCREASE ITS SCHEDULE TO GAMES AND REDUCED THE NECESSITY FOR ITS TEAMS TO PLAY GAMES WITH OUTSIDE OPPONENTS TO AUGMENT GATE RECEIPTS &INALLY (ULBERTS EXPANSION CUT THE OPPORTUNITIES FOR TALENTED PLAYERS ON )! TEAMS AND INDEPENDENT CLUBS TO MATCH THEIR SKILLS ON THE PLAYING lELD AGAINST THEIR ,EAGUE COUNTERPARTS 4HE CONSEQUENCE WAS THAT IN FOR THE lRST TIME WEARING A ,EAGUE UNIFORM BECAME A STATUS SYMBOL 7HEN THE ,EAGUE TOOK IN 7ORCESTER THE FOLLOWING SEASON AND BECAME A STABLE EIGHT TEAM CIRCUIT IT EFFECTIVELY KILLED THE )! AS A WORTHY RIVAL !S (ULBERT CONTINUED TO SEARCH FOR THE RIGHT BLEND OF TEAMS RULES MAKERS CONTINUED TO TINKER WITH THE GAME ITSELF )N THE WIDTH OF THE PITCHERS BOX WAS REDUCED FROM SIX FEET TO FOUR AND PITCHERS WERE NOW ASSESSED A BALL FOR EVERY UNFAIR PITCH RATHER THAN FOR EVERY THIRD UNFAIR PITCH 4HE END RESULT HOWEVER WAS THAT A BATTER STILL HAD TO COLLECT NINE UNFAIR BALLS BEFORE HE EARNED A WALK !LSO APPEARING FOR THE lRST TIME IN
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fWkb m^eU 3PALDINGS /FlCIAL "ASE "ALL 'UIDE FOR CROWNED -ILWAUKEES !BNER $ALRYMPLE THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE BATTING CHAMP WITH A MARK 4HE 'UIDE AWARDED THE BATTING TITLE TO #AP !NSON CLAIMING !NSON HAD COMPILED HITS IN AT BATS FOR A AVERAGE &OR YEARS $ALRYMPLE WAS CONSIDERED THE lRST ROOKIE TO WIN A MAJOR LEAGUE BATTING TITLE AND 4HE "ASEBALL %NCYCLOPEDIA STILL DEEMS !NSON THE TITLIST BECAUSE -AJOR ,EAGUE "ASEBALL OFlCIALS OBDURATELY CONTINUE TO REGARD HIM AS SUCH )N ACTUALITY ANY CASUAL STUDENT OF THE GAME WITH THE TIME TO COMB THROUGH TWO SEASONS WORTH OF OLD BOX SCORES CAN CONlRM WHAT HAS LONG SINCE BEEN DISCOVERED THAT IN EVEN IF $ALRYMPLE HAD HIT INSTEAD OF HIS REAL lGURE OF IT WOULDNT HAVE BEEN GOOD ENOUGH AND THAT !NSON RATHER THAN HITTING AT A TORRID CLIP IN WITH HITS IN AT BATS INCREDIBLY HAD JUST HITS IN AT BATS TO lNISH A FULL POINTS LOWER AT 3O WHAT HAPPENED BACK THERE )N HITS MADE IN TIE GAMES WERE THROWN OUT BUT HAVE SINCE BEEN RESTORED AND THE FOLLOWING YEAR THE SCOREKEEPER FOR THE #HICAGO TEAM APPARENTLY EITHER FAILED lRST GRADE MATH OR ELSE GOT A LOT OF HIS DINNER CHECKS PICKED UP BY A CERTAIN lRST BASEMAN )N ANY CASE THE PLAYER PENALIZED ON BOTH OCCASIONS WAS 0ROVIDENCE CENTERlELDER 0AUL (INES !FTER HITTING IN (INES WAS TOLD HE REALLY HIT AND WOULD HAVE TO LOOK UP AT $ALRYMPLE FOR THE REST OF HIS LIFE 4HE FOLLOWING YEAR THE 3PALDING 'UIDE DID (INES RIGHT IN A SENSE WHEN IT lXED HIM AT /NLY INSTEAD OF HITTING POINTS LESS THAN !NSONS (INES WE KNOW NOW ACTUALLY lN ISHED POINTS ABOVE THE #HICAGOANS 7E ALSO KNOW RETROACTIVELY THAT IN (INES WAS THE lRST 4RIPLE #ROWN WINNER IN MAJOR LEAGUE HISTORY 7HEN HE WAS YEARS OLD (INES WAS ARRESTED IN 7ASHINGTON WHERE HE WORKED FOR THE $EPARTMENT OF !GRICULTURE POST OFlCE AND CHARGED WITH BEING A PICKPOCKET .OBODY KNEW WHOM THEY HAD IN CUSTODYA TWO TIME BATTING CHAMP AND THE lRST 4RIPLE #ROWN WINNERBECAUSE ALL OF THESE DISCOVERIES WERE STILL DOWN THE ROAD
WERE A RULE THAT A BATTER COULD NO LONGER BE RETIRED ON A FOUL BALL CAUGHT ON THE lRST BOUNCE AND AN EDICT AUTHORIZING AN UMPIRE TO lNE A PITCHER FROM TO IF HE JUDGED THE BOXMAN HAD DELIBERATELY HIT A BATTER WITH A PITCH "UT IN THE RULE ALLOWING A BATTER TO BE RETIRED ON A FOUL BALL CAUGHT ON ONE BOUNCE WAS RESTORED AND MEANWHILE FEW UMPIRES HAD THE COURAGE TO lNE A HEADHUNTING PITCHER WHEN THEIR JOBS DEPENDED ON KEEPING THE GOOD WILL OF THE TEAM FOR WHICH THE PITCHER PLAYED 3TILL THERE WERE SEVERAL RULE CHANGES IN THAT HIT THE MARK /NE STIPULATED THAT THE BATTER WAS AUTOMATICALLY OUT AFTER A SWINGING OR A CALLED THIRD STRIKE IF THE CATCHER CAUGHT THE BALL BEFORE IT HIT THE GROUND 4HIS RULE BADE CATCHERS TO PLAY UP CLOSER TO THE PLATE IF ONLY WHEN A BATTER HAD TWO STRIKES !NOTHER CHANGE IN AT !L 3PALDINGS BEHEST WAS THE ADOPTION OF THE h3PALDING ,EAGUE "ALLv MADE BY HIS NEW SPORTING GOODS lRM AS THE ,EAGUES OFlCIAL BALL REPLACING THE -AHN BALL
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b[[ m^eU /N 3EPTEMBER IN "OSTON 2ED #APS MANAGER (ARRY 7RIGHT STARTED A SLENDER FORMER "ROWN 5NIVERSITY STAR IN THE BOX AGAINST 0ROVIDENCE (IS NAME WAS ,EE 2ICHMOND AND HE HURLED THE MOST EXCEPTIONAL GAME BY A LEFT HANDER TO THAT POINT IN HISTORY WHEN HE FANNED 'RAYS IN HIS VICTORIOUS DEBUT 2ICHMONDS STRIKEOUTS REMAINED THE RECORD FOR THE MOST BY A PITCHER IN HIS INAUGURAL MAJOR LEAGUE GAME UNTIL -AY WHEN %D -ORRIS OF #OLUMBUS IN THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION FANNED #INCINNATI 2EDS BUT ANOTHER FEAT 2ICHMOND ACCOMPLISHED THE FOLLOWING YEAR WENT UNEQUALED FOR NEARLY YEARS 7HEN "OSTON DID NOT INCLUDE 2ICHMOND AMONG THE PLAYERS IT RESERVED FOR THE SEASON HE SIGNED WITH 7ORCESTER /N *UNE OF THAT YEAR THE -ASSACHUSETTS TEAM HOSTED THE #LEVELAND "LUES WITH 2ICHMOND IN THE BOX AGAINST *IM -C#ORMICK 7ORCESTER PUSHED ACROSS A RUN IN THE BOTTOM OF THE lFTH WHEN SHORTSTOP !RTHUR )RWIN SCORED AFTER SINGLING EARLIER IN THE INNING )RWINS HIT WAS ONE OF ONLY THREE -C#ORMICK SURRENDERED 2ICHMOND MEANWHILE DID NOT ALLOW A SIN GLE #LEVELAND PLAYER TO REACH BASE SAFELY (IS PERFECT GAME WAS NOT ONLY A MAJOR LEAGUE lRSTALBEIT BY A MARGIN OF JUST lVE DAYS AS 0ROVIDENCES *OHN 7ARD MATCHED THE FEAT ON -AY BUT IT WAS THE ONLY PERFECTO OF NINE OR MORE INNINGS BY A SOUTHPAW PRIOR TO
"UT HOW PERFECT REALLY WAS 2ICHMOND THAT AFTERNOON 7E KNOW THAT #LEVELAND lRST BASEMAN "ILL 0HILLIPS SLASHED A LINE DRIVE TO RIGHT lELD THAT ORDINARILY WOULD HAVE BEEN AT LEAST A SINGLE IF ,ON +NIGHT APPARENTLY PLAYING SHALLOW FOR THE RIGHT HANDED HITTING 0HILLIPS HAD NOT PICKED IT UP ON THE HOP AND lRED TO lRST BASEMAN #HUB 3ULLIVAN IN TIME TO GET THE OUT 7E CAN ONLY WONDER IF PERHAPS *ACK 'LASSCOCK UP WITH ONE OUT IN THE NINTH SWUNG AT A AND PITCH AND MADE OUT ! COUNT LIKE THAT WAS ENTIRELY POSSIBLE THEN WITH EIGHT BALLS NEEDED FOR A WALK )T WAS ALSO CONCEIVABLE THAT #LEVELAND HITTERS WERE REPEATEDLY DRIVEN OFF THE PLATE DURING THE GAME BY PITCHES STRIKING THEM IN THE RIBS AND LEGS UNTIL lNALLY THEY GAVE UP AND MADE AN OUT JUST TO BE ASSURED OF LEAVING THE lELD IN ONE PIECE )N THE HIT BATSMAN RULE WAS STILL SOME SEVEN YEARS AWAY FROM BEING ADOPTED BY THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE "Y THE SAME TOKEN THOUGH 2ICHMOND AT SOME POINT DURING THE GAME MIGHT HAVE lRED AN INSIDE PITCH THAT TICKED A HITTERS BAT AS HE DUCKED AWAY AND DRIBBLED BACK TO THE BOX FOR WHAT SHOULD HAVE BEEN AN EASY OUT /NLY UMPIRE &OGHORN "RADLEY WOULD PROPERLY HAVE RULED IT hNO PITCHv AND TOLD THE HITTER TO BAT AGAIN &OR IT WAS ALSO A RULE IN THAT A BATTER COULD NOT MAKE OUT ON A PITCH HIS BAT STRUCK UNINTENTIONALLY !LL OF THESE THINGSOR NONE OF THEMMIGHT HAVE HAPPENED ON *UNE 7E WILL NEVER KNOW
0RACTICALLY EVERYBODY EXCEPT -AJOR ,EAGUE "ASEBALL VIEWS LEFT HANDER (ARVEY (ADDIXS MASTERPIECE ON -AY AS HAVING BEEN A PERFECT GAME
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j^[ ^ec[ Xeoi 4HE #INCINNATI 2EDS HAD ROAD DECISIONS IN AND JUST HOME DECISIONS #INCINNATIS SIZABLE DISPARITY BETWEEN HOME AND ROAD GAMES WAS NOT UNCOMMON IN THAT ERA "OTTOM FEEDERS OFTEN SWITCHED SCHEDULED HOME GAMES TO THEIR OPPONENTS PARKS LATE IN THE SEASON IN THE EXPECTATION THAT THEIR VISITORS SHARE OF THE PROCEEDS WOULD EXCEED THE DISMAL TAKE THEY WERE LIKELY TO GARNER FROM THEIR OWN DENIZENS "UT WHAT DISTINGUISHED THE 2EDS PERFORMANCE IN WAS THEIR FAILURE TO HIT A HOME RUN ALL SEASON ON THE ROAD THIS DESPITE POSTING A VERY RESPECTABLE HOME TOTAL OF EIGHT FOUR BAGGERS .O OTHER TEAM BEFORE OR SINCE HAS COMPILED MORE HOME RUNS IN A SEASON WITH ALL OF THEM COMING AT HOME ! COMPLETE LIST OF TEAMS THAT WENT YARD AT LEAST ONCE IN THEIR HOME PARKS BUT CAME UP EMPTY ON THE ROAD FOLLOWS 4EAM
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3PALDING WHO ALSO OWNED A PIECE OF THE #HICAGO 7HITE 3TOCKINGS BY THEN JUBILANTLY WATCHED HIS CLUB ROAR OUT OF THE STARTING GATE BY SWEEPING SUCCESSIVE THREE GAME SERIES AT HOME FROM 3YRACUSE AND 4ROY !LONE IN lRST PLACE AT #HICAGO NEXT ENTERTAINED THE 0ROVIDENCE 'RAYS ! LOSS TO THE 'RAYS SEEMED ONLY A MOMENTARY DETOUR FOR THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS WERE COMPLETELY REFURBISHED IN AND LOOKED TO BE LOADED 4HE SOLE RETURNING REGULARS FROM THE DISAPPOINTING ENTRY WERE PITCHER 4ERRY ,ARKIN AND #AP !NSON !NSON AFTER BOUNCING FROM ONE POSITION TO ANOTHER FOR EIGHT YEARS lNALLY CAME UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF A MANAGER NONE OTHER THAN HIMSELFWHO KNEW HIS PROPER PLACE ON THE DIAMOND AND PLANTED HIM AT THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS VACANT lRST BASE POST WHERE HE WOULD REMAIN FOR YEARS 4HE OPENING AT lRST BASE FOR !NSON OCCURRED BECAUSE *OE 3TART #HICAGOS PREVIOUS GATEWAY GUARDIAN HAD SKIPPED TO 0ROVIDENCE &OR THE CAMPAIGN THE 'RAYS ALSO REPLACED SECOND
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j^[ bWij b[W]k[ j[Wc j^Wj \W_b[Z je Yecfb[j[ _ji iY^[Zkb[ 4HE ,EAGUE SEASON OFlCIALLY CLOSED ON 3EPTEMBER WITH #HICAGO PLAYING AT "UFFALO "OSTON AT 0ROVIDENCE AND #INCINNATI AT #LEVELAND 4ROY MEANWHILE SAT IDLE THE lNAL DAYS OF THE CAMPAIGN FOLLOWING A HOME GAME AGAINST #HICAGO ON 3EPTEMBER /RIGINALLY THE (AYMAKERS HAD BEEN SCHEDULED TO lNISH THEIR SEASON AGAINST 3YRACUSE BUT THE 3TARS WENT BELLY UP lNANCIALLY ON 3EPTEM BER FOLLOWING A WIN AT HOME OVER #LEVELAND AND IN DOING SO MARKED THE lNAL SEASON THAT THE ,EAGUE FAILED TO COMPLETE ITS FULL SLATE OF GAMES OWING TO A FRANCHISE FAILURE 4HE 3TARS BATTING ORDER IN THEIR lNALE INCLUDED *ACK &ARRELL AT " *OHN 2ICHMOND AT 33 "LONDIE 0URCELL IN 2& (ARRY -C#ORMICK PITCHING AND BATTING CLEANUP CATCHER "ILL (OLBERT HITTING TH FOL LOWED BY lRST SACKER (ICK #ARPENTER THIRD BASEMAN 2ED 7OODHEAD CENTERlELDER *IMMY -ACULLAR AND BRINGING UP THE END OF THE ORDER LEFTlELDER 4OM -ANSELL !LL EXCEPT 7OODHEAD WOULD lND ANOTHER HOME IN THE MAJORS DOWN THE ROAD AS WOULD -IKE $ORGAN ARGUABLY THE 3TARS hSTAR v WHO WAS IDLED BY AN INJURY FOR THE REST OF THE TEAMS ABBREVIATED SEASON AFTER A 3YRACUSE LOSS TO "OSTON ON !UGUST "UT THE CITY OF 3YRACUSE WOULD NEVER AGAIN GAIN A FRANCHISE IN THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE $OUBTLESSLY IT WAS AT LEAST IN PART BECAUSE FOR ITS lNAL APPEARANCE IN 3YRACUSE ON 3EPTEM BER #LEVELAND RECEIVED AS ITS VISITORS SHARE OF THAT DAYS GATE A GRAND SUM OF
BASEMAN #HARLIE 3WEASY IN WITH -IKE -C'EARY AND ENTICED SHORTSTOP 'EORGE 7RIGHT TO LEAVE "OSTON WHERE HE HAD PLAYED ON SIX CHAMPIONSHIP TEAMS BY OFFERING HIM A CHANCE TO BECOME THE 2HODE )SLAND CLUBS PLAYER MANAGER 7HEN 7RIGHT ACCEPTED THE CHAL LENGE BRINGING *IM /2OURKE WITH HIM THEIR MOVE WAS JUST ENOUGH TO TIP THE BALANCE OF POWER IN THE %AST 3TILL THE 'RAYS STARTED SLOWLY UNDER THEIR NEW PILOT HOVERING AROUND THE MARK UNTIL THEY TOOK A TENSE ALBEIT SLOPPILY PLAYED CONTEST FROM #INCINNATI ON -AY &OR THE NEXT THREE MONTHS 0ROVIDENCE RELENTLESSLY CHASED #HICAGO WHICH HAD SHOT TO AN EARLY LEAD WHILE "OSTON EVEN WITHOUT /2OURKE IN CENTER lELD AND 'EORGE 7RIGHT AT SHORT HUNG JUST BARELY OFF THE PACE -INUS HIS BROTHER (ARRY 7RIGHT HAD TO RESHUFmE HIS INlELD AGAIN IN LEAVING ONLY *ACK "URDOCK INTACT AT SECOND BASE )N THE HABIT OF WRITING * /2OURKE IN CENTER lELD ON HIS LINEUP CARD 7RIGHT FOUND A WAY TO CONTINUE DOING SO (E HIRED /2OURKES BROTHER *OHN WHO HAD LED THE )NTERNATIONAL !SSOCIATION IN BOTH BATTING AND SLUGGING THE PREVIOUS YEAR 7HEN THE YOUNGER /2OURKE AND #HARLEY *ONES STRIPPED AWAY FROM #INCINNATI DURING THE OFF SEASON COMBINED FOR MORE HOME RUNS AND 2")S THAN ANY OTHER TWO PLAYERS IN THE ,EAGUE TRADITIONALLY WEAK HIT TING "OSTON SUDDENLY BEGAN TO mAUNT UNACCUSTOMED PUNCH
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#HICAGO HELD A COMFORTABLE LEAD ENTERING !UGUST BUT WHEN A LIVER AILMENT IDLED !NSON FOR THE REST OF THE SEASON THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS COLLAPSED LEAVING THE RACE TO THE TWO EASTERN POWERS 4HE SCHEDULE MAKER TOOK A BOW FOR HAVING ARRANGED FOR "OSTON AND 0ROVIDENCE TO MEET IN THE lNAL SIX GAMES OF THE SEASON 7HEN THE ND PLACE 2ED #APS HOSTED THE ST PLACE 'RAYS AT 3OUTH %ND 'ROUNDS ON 3EPTEMBER THEY WERE THREE LENGTHS BEHIND NEEDING TO WIN lVE OF THEIR LAST SIX GAMES TO CLAIM THEIR THIRD STRAIGHT mAG &ORMER (ARVARD STAR *IM 4YNG HIRED WHEN WORKHORSE 4OMMY "OND WAS INJURED GAVE THE (UB FAITHFUL A mICKER OF HOPE BY WINNING THE SERIES OPENER BUT IT QUICKLY DIED WHEN 0ROVIDENCE BELTED 4YNG ON 3EPTEMBER AND THEN TOOK A HARD FOUGHT THRILLER THE FOLLOWING AFTERNOON AT 0ROVIDENCE TO CLINCH THE PENNANT /N /CTOBER THE NIGHT AFTER THE SEASON ENDED 'EORGE 7RIGHT WAS GIVEN A mORAL BAT AND BALL AT A RECEPTION HELD FOR THE CHAM PION 'RAYS AND AS EACH MEMBER OF THE 'RAYS RECEIVED A GOLD MEDAL FROM THE 0ROVIDENCE MAYOR HIS NAME BLAZED OUT IN MUL TICOLORED mAME FROM A HALO SHAPED IRON FRAMEWORK NEAR THE PO DIUM 4HE OCCASION WAS INTENDED TO ENCOURAGE THE SMALL MARKET TEAM TO HOLD TOGETHER AND DEFEND ITS CHAMPIONSHIP BUT IT WAS UNNECESSARY -OST OF THE 'RAYS TOP PLAYERS COULD NO LONGER GO ELSEWHERE ANYWAY 4WO DAYS EARLIER AT A ,EAGUE MEETING IN "UFFALO THE 2ESERVE #LAUSE HAD BEEN INTRODUCED GRANTING EACH TEAM THE RIGHT TO DESIGNATE UP TO lVE PLAYERS AS hRESERVEDv FOR THE FOLLOWING YEAR $EVISED BY !RTHUR 3ODEN ONE OF "OSTONS RULING TRIUMVIRATE THE NEW STATUTE WAS ADOPTED TO SAVE STRUGGLING TEAM OWNERS FROM HAVING TO WATCH HELPLESSLY AS STAR PLAYERS THEY DEVEL OPED LEFT AFTER A GOOD SEASON TO GO TO A HIGHER BIDDER 4HE DATE THE 2ESERVE #LAUSE WAS BORN 3EPTEMBER COINCIDED WITH THE COLLAPSE OF THE )NTERNATIONAL !SSOCIATION THE ,EAGUES ONLY SERI OUS OBSTACLE TO A VIRTUAL MONOPOLY ON THE PROFESSIONAL GAME 4HREE MONTHS LATER WITH THE ARRIVAL OF A NEW YEAR CAME THE DAWN OF A NEW ERA IN BASEBALL HISTORY
*IM 4YNG ALLEGEDLY INVENTED THE lRST CATCHERS MASK FOR THE BENElT OF HIS (ARVARD TEAMMATE &RED 4HAYER (E ALSO REPUTEDLY WAS A HARD THROWER WHO COULD PLAY ANY POSITION 4HERE IS NO SPECULATION ATTACHED HOWEVER TO 4YNGS FOUR BIG LEAGUE PITCHING APPEARANCES 4HREE WERE STARTS IN THE HEAT OF THE PENNANT RACE AND THE FOURTH AND LAST CAME IN AFTER YEARS OF PITCHING FOR AN AMATEUR TEAM ON 3TATEN )SLAND WHEN HE WAS GIVEN A THREE YEAR CONTRACT BY THE 0HILLIES TO BE $IRECTOR OF !THLETIC 3PORTS AT THE TEAMS NEW PARK WHERE SPORTS OTHER THAN BASEBALL WERE EXPECTED TO BE PLAYED /N *UNE 4YNG RELIEVED #HARLIE "UFlNTON IN THE TH INNING OF A BLOWOUT WIN AGAINST )NDIANAPOLIS 4YNG ENTERED WITH THE SCORE AND WAS ROCKED FOR EIGHT HITS AND FOUR RUNS IN HIS FOUR INNING RELIEF STINT TO MAKE THE lNAL BUT NONETHELESS HE IS CREDITED TODAY WITH A SAVE FOR HIS lNAL BIG LEAGUE EFFORT ! MONTH LATER HE WAS PITCHING FOR THE 9OUNG !MERICA TEAM IN 0HILADELPHIA AFTER 4HE 3PORTING .EWS SAID HIS HIRING HAD PROVED TO BE A COLOSSAL MISTAKE BECAUSE HE WAS NO LONGER A GOOD PITCHER AND THERE HAD BEEN NO OTHER SPORTS TO LOOK AFTER
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4HE SEASON WAS A WATERSHED IN THAT THE lRST STANDARD PLAYER CONTRACTS TO CONTAIN A 2E SERVE #LAUSE WERE INSTITUTED 5NTIL EACH TEAM WAS ALLOWED TO RESERVE A MAXIMUM OF lVE PLAYERS FOR THE FOLLOWING SEASON BEGINNING IN THE NUMBER WAS HIKED TO AND BY THE END OF THE CENTURY THE RESERVE RULE NOT ONLY EMBRACED A TEAMS ENTIRE ROSTER BUT COULD ALSO INCLUDE hPROSPECTSv THAT WERE APPRENTICING IN THE MINORS AT THE MOMENT 7HILE THE LIMIT WAS STILL lVE TEAMS GENERALLY RESERVED THEIR BEST PITCHER AND CATCHER TOGETHER WITH THREE OTHER REGULARS CHO SEN FOR A WIDE VARIETY OF REASONS RANGING FROM WHETHER THE OWNERS DAUGHTER LIKED THEM TO HOW MUCH THEY WERE COVETED BY OTHER TEAMS )N ANY CASE AT LEAST INITIALLY MOST PLAYERS VIEWED BEING RESERVED AS A MARK OF STATUS RATHER THAN SERVITUDE 3INCE ROSTER SIZES IN THE EARLY S AVERAGED AROUND IT MEANT THAT ABOUT HALF THE PLAYERS ON A TEAM WERE GIVEN hSTATUS v LEAVING THE OTHERS TO SHOP FOR THE BEST DEAL THEY COULD lND ELSEWHERE ! NATURAL OUTGROWTH OF THE 2ESERVE #LAUSE WAS THAT PLAYER SALARIES DROPPED SHARPLY 4HE "OSTON 2ED #APS WERE PARTICULARLY QUICK TO SEIZE UPON THE NEW DEVICE AS A TOOL BOTH TO IM PRISON PLAYERS AND TO SLASH THEIR PAY FOR ANY OFFENSE THE FRONT OFlCE DEEMED PUNISHABLE )N ONCE "OSTON WAS OUT OF THE RUNNING OWNER !RTHUR 3ODEN THE CREATOR OF THE 2ESERVE #LAUSE SUSPENDED #HARLEY *ONES ALLEGEDLY FOR DRUNKENNESS AND INSUBORDINATION BUT IN TRUTH BECAUSE THE HIGHLY PAID *ONES HAD THE TEMERITY TO REFUSE TO WAIT FOR HIS PAYCHECK AS WAS CUSTOMARY UNTIL THE CLUB RETURNED HOME FROM A ROAD TRIP *ONES THE ,EAGUES SLUGGING LEADER IN WAS SUBSEQUENTLY BLACKLISTED BY 3ODEN WITH THE SUPPORT OF OTHER MOGULS AND NEVER PLAYED IN THE ,EAGUE AGAIN 4HE GAME ON THE lELD UNDERWENT ONLY MINOR REVISIONS IN 4HE NUMBER OF UNFAIR PITCHES A BATTER NEEDED TO DRAW A WALK WAS PARED FROM NINE TO EIGHT AND THERE WERE SEVERAL CHANGES REGARDING WHEN AND HOW A BASE RUNNER COULD BE RETIRED ON A CAUGHT mY OR A CAUGHT FOUL mY THAT GM N
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jek]^ jmeiec[ )N THE #HICAGO 7HITE 3TOCKINGS BECAME THE lRST MAJOR LEAGUE TEAM TO OWN TWO GAME WINNERS WHEN &RED 'OLDSMITH BAGGED WINS AND HIS ROOKIE TEAMMATE ,ARRY #ORCORAN 'OLD SMITH ALSO SET THE ALL TIME RECORD FOR THE FEWEST PITCHING APPEARANCES BY A GAME WINNER AND UNTIL HIS WINNING PERCENTAGE IN WAS THE HIGHEST EVER BY A PITCHER WHO ACHIEVED OR MORE VICTORIES #ORCORAN MEANWHILE NOTCHED A NO HITTER IN THE lRST OF THREE DURING HIS BRIEF CAREER %VEN ON DAYS WHEN THEY DIDNT PITCH #ORCORAN AND 'OLDSMITH WERE BOTH OFTEN IN THE LINEUP %ACH WAS A GOOD lELDER AND NOT ONLY AS A PITCHER #ORCORAN ESPECIALLY WAS TALENTED ENOUGH TO PLAY JUST ABOUT ANYWHERE EVEN AT SHORTSTOP AND MIGHT HAVE CONVERTED TO ANOTHER POSITION WHEN HIS ARM STARTED TO FAIL HAD HE BEEN A BETTER HITTER "ETWEEN AND THE #ORCORAN 'OLDSMITH COMBO GAVE #HICAGO WINS BY FAR THE MOST OF ANY PITCHING TANDEM DURING A COMPARABLE PERIOD BEFORE WHEN THE SCHEDULE IN BOTH MAJOR LEAGUES WAS INCREASED TO GAMES "OTH HURLERS COMPLAINED THAT #AP !NSON WAS RUINING THEIR ARMS BY OVERUSING THEM AND THOUGH NO ONE LISTENED AT THE TIME#ORCORAN WAS LABELED A SNIVELING WHINER FOR EVEN RAISING THE SUBJECTTHE FACT REMAINS THAT THE WINS THEY COMBINED FOR BETWEEN AND WERE ALL BUT OF THEIR AGGREGATE TOTAL OF CAREER WINS
BROUGHT THE RULEBOOK EVER CLOSER TO THE MODERN VERSION )N MOST RESPECTS THOUGH WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE 2ESERVE #LAUSE THE SEASON BROKE LITTLE NEW GROUND 4HE SCHEDULE REMAINED STA TIONARY AFTER BEING EXPANDED TO GAMES IN WHEN THE ,EAGUE GREW TO EIGHT TEAMS AND AS HAD BEEN TRUE SINCE TEAMS STILL MET EACH OTHER TIMES DURING THE COURSE OF THE SEASON !CTION BEGAN ON -AY WITH "OSTON AT 0ROVIDENCE #HICAGO AT #INCINNATI "UFFALO AT #LEVELAND AND 7ORCESTER AT 4ROY 7ORCESTER WAS A TENDERFOOT REPLACING 3YRACUSE BUT THE OTHER THREE MATCH UPS WERE BETWEEN TEAMS THAT HAD PREVIOUSLY ESTABLISHED NATURAL GEOGRAPHIC RIVALRIES )N 0ROVIDENCE SOME INCLUDING ABOUT "OSTON FANS WHOD BOUGHT A SPECIAL ROUND TRIP RAILWAY TICKET WATCHED THE DEFENDING CHAMPION 'RAYS MARCH TO THE mAGPOLE HOIST THE PENNANT AND THEN BLANK THE 2ED #APS THEIR CLOSEST PURSUER IN BY AN MARGIN 4HE /PENING $AY VICTORY PUT THE 'RAYS IN A FOUR WAY TIE FOR lRST PLACE AT WITH
7ILL 7HITE SET A NEW ., RECORD IN WHEN HE SUF FERED LOSSES 4HE FOLLOWING YEAR HE WENT TO $ETROIT AFTER #INCINNATI WAS BOOTED OUT OF THE ., BUT WAS RELEASED AFTER TWO WEAK STARTS 7HITE lNISHED THE SEASON WITH #OLUMBIA A SEMIPRO TEAM IN #INCINNATI AND THEN JOINED THE 1UEEN #ITY ENTRY IN THE NEWLY CRE ATED !MERICAN !SSOCIATION IN !FTER TWO MONSTER SEASONS HE RAN INTO A ROADBLOCK WHEN ONE OF HIS CHIEF WEAPONSINTIMIDATIONWAS REMOVED PRIOR TO THE CAMPAIGN AS THE !! BECAME THE lRST MAJOR LOOP TO AWARD A BATTER HIS BASE FOR BEING HIT BY A PITCH !FTER LEADING THE !! IN ("0S IN BOTH AND 7HITE QUIT THE FOLLOWING YEAR AFTER HITTING SIX BATTERS IN JUST INNINGS
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ed[C]Wc[h ___ /N 3EPTEMBER AT #HICAGO IN THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS lNAL GAME OF THE SEASON #AP !NSON ON SOMETHING OF A WHIM GAVE THE BALL TO #HARLIE 'UTH 4HE YEAR OLD 'UTH HAD A LOCAL REPUTATION AS A SPEEDBALLER AND LIVED UP TO EXPECTATIONS BY FANNING SEVEN "UFFALO "ISONS WHILE SURRENDERING JUST ONE WALK 'UTH WAS TAPPED FOR HITS HOWEVER LEADING TO EIGHT RUNS ALBEIT ONLY lVE THAT WERE EARNED 7HEN THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS PLATED TALLIES 'UTH STAGGERED TO A WIN )T WAS TO BE HIS LONE MAJOR LEAGUE APPEARANCE 4HE LIST OF PITCHERS WHO HURLED COMPLETE GAME WINS IN THEIR ONLY MAJOR LEAGUE APPEARANCES BETWEEN THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUES INAUGURAL SEASON AND WHEN THE PITCHING DISTANCE WAS LENGTHENED BY lVE FEET BEGINS AND ENDS WITH #HARLIE 'UTH
#HICAGO "UFFALO AND 7ORCESTER BUT EXACTLY A WEEK LATER FOLLOWING A LOSS AT 7ORCESTER 0ROVIDENCE CEDED ITS SHARE OF THE TOP RUNG NEVER TO REGAIN IT IN 0ROVIDENCES SAG WAS DIRECTLY ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE 2ESERVE #LAUSE 4HE 'RAYS RESERVED 'EORGE 7RIGHT FOR THE SEASON ONLY TO LOSE THEIR SHORTSTOP MANAGERS SERVICES WHEN HE ELECTED TO RETIRE SO HE COULD AT TEND TO HIS BURGEONING SPORTING GOODS lRM IN "OSTON 7RIGHT HAD HOPED TO RETURN TO THE 2ED #APS IN TOGETHER WITH *IM /2OURKE WHO WAS NOT ONE OF THE lVE MEMBERS OF ITS CHAMPIONSHIP SQUAD THAT 0ROVIDENCE CHOSE TO RESERVE -ISSING 7RIGHTS LEADERSHIP AS MUCH AS HIS SHORTSTOPPING THE 'RAYS STUMBLED TO A RECORD UNDER lRST -IKE
&RED $UNLAP THE FROSH SECOND BASEMAN WHO ENDED #HICAGOS LONG WINNING STREAK IN IS VIEWED BY MANY AUTHORITIES AS THE BEST ALL AROUND MIDDLE INlELDER IN THE GAME FROM UNTIL WHEN HE COLLIDED WITH $ETROIT TEAMMATE 3AM 4HOMPSON WHILE CHASING A POP mY AND BROKE HIS LEG 0RIOR TO THE INJURY $UNLAP VIED WITH A FORMER 3T ,OUIS TEAMMATE 4OM $OLAN FOR THE TITLE OF BEST HANDBALL PLAYER IN BASEBALL $UNLAP FORMALLY CHALLENGED $OLAN FOR THE TITLE IN &EBRUARY BUT REFUSED TO PLAY IN 3T ,OUIS OR #HICAGO CONTENDING THE COURTS IN BOTH CITIES WERE TOO SMALL $OLAN COUNTERED BY REFUSING TO PLAY IN .EW 9ORK OR "ROOKLYN WHICH $UNLAP SAID HAD THE BEST COURTS IN THE WORLD AND THE MATCH NEVER OCCURRED
-C'EARY AND THEN PITCHER *OHN 7ARD BEFORE -IKE $ORGAN ASSUMED THE REINS IN !UGUST 7ITH $ORGAN AS THEIR NEW lELD CAPTAIN THE 'RAYS SUD DENLY CAME ALIVE WINNING OF THEIR LAST GAMES BUT IT WAS TOO LITTLE TOO LATE "Y !UGUST THE #HICAGO 7HITE 3TOCKINGS HAD LONG SINCE TAKEN lRM COMMAND OF THE RACE )N #AP !NSONS SECOND SEASON AT THE HELM THE #HICAGOANS REVAMPED BY GARNERING -IKE +ELLY TO MAN RIGHT lELD WHEN #INCINNATI NEGLECTED TO RESERVE HIM AND ADDING ROOKIE SHORTSTOP 4OM "URNS AND TWO NEW PITCHERS FRESHMAN ,ARRY #ORCORAN AND &RED 'OLDSMITH AN YEARLING WITH 4ROY WHOM #HICAGO PILFERED AFTER A CONTRACT SNAFU "URNS LED ALL ,EAGUE MIDDLE INlELDERS WITH A BAT TING AVERAGE AND BETWEEN THEM #ORCORAN AND 'OLDSMITH LOGGED
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j^[ ]h[Wj ]eh[ 4HE PRIMARY GOAL IN BASEBALL IS TO SCORE RUNS )N THAT RESPECT THERE WAS NO BETTER PERFORMER IN THE PRE ERA THAN 'EORGE 'ORE /F ALL THE MEN WHO ACCUMULATED A MINIMUM OF RUNS IN ONE OF THE lVE MAJOR LEAGUES IN OPERATION BETWEEN AND 'ORE RANKS lRST IN RUNS SCORED PER AT BATS )N THOUGH HE LED THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE IN BATTING 'ORE TALLIED JUST RUNS IN GAMES )T WOULD BE THE LAST TIME UNTIL THAT HE AVERAGED LESS THAN A RUN A GAME $URING THE SIX INTERVENING SEASONS 'ORE SCORED RUNS IN GAMES CULMINATING IN WHEN HE CROSSED THE PLATE TIMES IN JUST CONTESTS !FTER TWO INJURY MARRED SEASONS IN THE LATE S 'ORE REBOUNDED TO TALLY RUNS IN GAMES IN AND THEN ENJOYED PERHAPS HIS lNEST SEASON IN WITH .EW 9ORK OF THE 0LAYERS ,EAGUE 4HOUGH HELD BY INJURIES TO JUST GAMES 'ORE ACCOUNTED FOR RUNS (E lNISHED HIS CAREER IN AS ONE OF THE ONLY THREE PLAYERS"ILLY (AMILTON AND (ARRY 3TOVEY ARE THE OTHERSTO PARTICI PATE IN OR MORE MAJOR LEAGUE GAMES AND AVERAGE BETTER THAN A RUN IN EVERY GAME HE PLAYED
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j_c a[[\[ _ 7HEN .OLAN 2YAN COULD LOG ONLY AN RECORD FOR (OUSTON IN DESPITE LEADING THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE IN %2! AND POSTING THE LOOPS LOWEST /"! HISTORIANS WENT SCURRYING THROUGH THE ENCYCLOPE DIA FOR A LIST OF SIMILARLY LUCKLESS %2! LEADERS 4OPPING EVERY LIST SHOULD BE 4IM +EEFE WHO COULD WIN JUST SIX OF HIS DECISIONS AS A ROOKIE IN DESPITE REGISTERING THE LOWEST LOOP LEADING %2! lGURE IN HISTORY 7HATS MORE HE ACHIEVED HIS MARK IN JUST SLIGHTLY MORE THAN A MONTHS WORTH OF WORK +EEFE DID NOT MAKE HIS MAJOR LEAGUE DEBUT WITH 4ROY UNTIL !UGUST (IS lNAL APPEAR ANCE OF THE SEASON CAME LESS THAN lVE WEEKS LATER ON 3EPTEMBER WHEN HE STRAINED HIS ARM IN A LOSS TO 0ROVIDENCE ! CHRONOLOGY OF +EEFES DECISIONS IN INSTANTLY SHOWS WHY HE COULD DO NO BETTER THAN )N HIS SIX LOSSES HIS 4ROJAN TEAMMATES MANAGED TO SCORE JUST RUNS IN HIS SUPPORT -OREOVER +EEFE WAS NOT NEARLY AS PARSIMONIOUS AS HIS %2! WOULD MAKE IT SEEM !LTHOUGH HE ALLOWED JUST EARNED RUNS IN OR LESS THAN ONE PER GAMEERRORS BY HIS TEAMMATES CAUSED HIM ACTUALLY TO BE SCORED UPON TIMES $ATE
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ING AN GAME SCHEDULE #HICAGO ROMPED HOME lRST BY FULL GAMES AND lNISHED AND GAMES AHEAD OF TH PLACE "UFFALO AND LAST PLACE #INCINNATI RESPECTIVELY .EARLY THE EQUAL OF #HICAGO IN TO THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS #INCINNATI WAS THE lRST CASUALTY OF THE 2ESERVE #LAUSE 4HE 2ED 3TOCKINGS ENDEAVORED TO KEEP #AL -C6EY AND $EACON 7HITE BUT -C6EY STUNNED THE 1UEEN #ITY CLUB BY QUITTING THE GAME AND 7HITE SAT OUT THE lRST HALF OF THE SEASON IN A BITTER HOLDOUT BATTLE AFTER BEING RESERVED AGAINST HIS WILL 5NABLE TO COMPETE EITHER ON THE lELD OR AT THE BOX OFlCE #INCINNATI IN AN ATTEMPT TO KEEP AmOAT mAUNTED TWO OF ,EAGUE FOUNDER 7ILLIAM (ULBERTS STRICTEST PROHIBITIONS WHEN IT RENTED ITS "ANK 3TREET PARK TO
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LOCAL SEMIPRO TEAMS AND PERMITTED THEM TO SELL BEER AT THEIR GAMES AND PLAY ON 3UNDAYS !T A SPECIAL POSTSEASON MEETING IN 2OCHESTER ON /CTOBER REPRESENTATIVES FROM EVERY ,EAGUE CLUB BUT #INCINNATI PLEDGED TO VOTE AT THE UPCOMING ANNUAL LOOP MEETING FOR AN AMENDMENT TO THE ,EAGUE #ONSTITUTION hTHAT WILL UNDER PENALTY OF FORFEITURE OF MEMBERSHIP IN THE ,EAGUE PROHIBIT THE SALE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION OF MALT SPIRITOUS OR VINOUS LIQUORS UPON ITS GROUNDS NOR IN ANY BUILDING OWNED OR OCCUPIED BY ITv 4WO DAYS LATER WHEN #INCINNATI REFUSED TO BOW TO THE NEW LEGISLATION REGARDING THE SALE OF LIQUOR THE OTHER SEVEN CLUBS VOTED UNANIMOUSLY TO EXPEL THE 2ED 3TOCKINGS FROM THE ,EAGUE /N $ECEMBER AT THE ANNUAL ,EAGUE MEETING IN .EW 9ORK $ETROIT WAS ACCEPTED IN #INCINNATIS PLACE SETTING INTO MOTION A STRING OF VENGEFUL AND CLANDES TINE EVENTS THAT WOULD RESULT SOME TEN MONTHS LATER IN THE BIRTH OF THE ,EAGUES MOST FORMIDABLE CHALLENGER DURING THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
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#HICAGO 7HITE 3TOCKINGS 0ROVIDENCE 'RAYS #LEVELAND "LUES 4ROY 4ROJANS 7ORCESTER 7ORCESTERS "OSTON 2ED #APS "UFFALO "ISONS #INCINNATI 2EDS
#HI 0RO #LE 4RO 7OR "OS "UF #IN 4OT #HICAGO 0ROVIDENCE #LEVELAND 4ROY 7ORCESTER "OSTON "UFFALO #INCINNATI
3%!3/. ,%!$%23 "ATTING !VERAGE !"S 3LUGGING !VERAGE
/N "ASE 0ERCENTAGE
'ORE #HICAGO !NSON #HICAGO #ONNOR 4ROY $ALRYMPLE #HICAGO "URNS #HICAGO
'ORE #HICAGO #ONNOR 4ROY $ALRYMPLE #HICAGO 3TOVEY 4ROY *IM /2OURKE "OSTON
'ORE #HICAGO !NSON #HICAGO #ONNOR 4ROY $ALRYMPLE #HICAGO "URNS #HICAGO
4OTAL "ASES
(OME 2UNS
2")
$ALRYMPLE #HICAGO 3TOVEY 7ORCESTER *IM /2OURKE "OSTON $UNLAP #LEVELAND #ONNOR 4ROY
3TOVEY 7ORCESTER *IM /2OURKE # *ONES "OSTON $UNLAP #LEVELAND &OUR WITH
!NSON #HICAGO - +ELLY #HICAGO 'ORE #HICAGO #ONNOR 4ROY *IM /2OURKE "OSTON
(ITS
2UNS
"ASES ON "ALLS
$ALRYMPLE #HICAGO !NSON #HICAGO 'ORE #HICAGO (INES 0ROVIDENCE #ONNOR 4ROY
$ALRYMPLE #HICAGO 3TOVEY 7ORCESTER - +ELLY #HICAGO *IM /2OURKE "OSTON 'ORE #HICAGO
&ERGUSON 4ROY 'ORE #HICAGO #LAPP #INCINNATI *IM /2OURKE "OSTON #ROWLEY "UFFALO
3TRIKEOUTS
/03
'ALVIN "UFFALO 3TOVEY 7ORCESTER "RADLEY 0ROVIDENCE &OUR WITH
'ORE #HICAGO #ONNOR 4ROY $ALRYMPLE #HICAGO !NSON #HICAGO *IM /2OURKE "OSTON
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0)4#().' 7INS
,OSSES
)NNINGS
-C#ORMICK #LEVELAND #ORCORAN #HICAGO 7ARD 0ROVIDENCE 7ELCH 4ROY 2ICHMOND 7ORCESTER
7 7HITE #INCINNATI 'ALVIN "UFFALO 2ICHMOND 7ORCESTER 7ELCH 4ROY "OND "OSTON
-C#ORMICK #LEVELAND 7ARD 0ROVIDENCE 2ICHMOND 7ORCESTER 7ELCH 4ROY #ORCORAN #HICAGO
#OMPLETE 'AMES
3TRIKEOUTS
7INNING 0ERCENTAGE DECISIONS
-C#ORMICK #LEVELAND 7ELCH 4ROY 7ARD 0ROVIDENCE 7 7HITE #INCINNATI 2ICHMOND 7ORCESTER #ORCORAN #HICAGO
#ORCORAN #HICAGO -C#ORMICK #LEVELAND 2ICHMOND 7ORCESTER 7ARD 0ROVIDENCE 7 7HITE #INCINNATI
'OLDSMITH #HICAGO #ORCORAN #HICAGO 7ARD 0ROVIDENCE -C#ORMICK #LEVELAND "RADLEY 0ROVIDENCE
%2! INNINGS
,OWEST //"0
,OWEST /"!
+EEFE 4ROY "RADLEY 0ROVIDENCE 7ARD 0ROVIDENCE 'OLDSMITH #HICAGO -C#ORMICK #LEVELAND
"RADLEY 0ROVIDENCE +EEFE 4ROY 7ARD 0ROVIDENCE #ORCORAN #HICAGO #OREY 7ORCESTER
+EEFE 4ROY #ORCORAN #HICAGO "RADLEY 0ROVIDENCE 7ARD 0ROVIDENCE #OREY 7ORCESTER
0UTOUTS
!SSISTS
&IELDING !VERAGE
" 3TART 0ROVIDENCE 0HILLIPS #LEVELAND !NSON #HICAGO
-ORRILL "OSTON 0HILLIPS #LEVELAND %STERBROOK "UFFALO
!NSON #HICAGO 3TART 0ROVIDENCE 0HILLIPS #LEVELAND
" "URDOCK "OSTON &ERGUSON 4ROY 0 3MITH #INCINNATI
$UNLAP #LEVELAND "URDOCK "OSTON #REAMER 7ORCESTER &ARRELL 0ROVIDENCE
"URDOCK "OSTON $UNLAP #LEVELAND &ERGUSON 4ROY
" #ARPENTER #INCINNATI #ONNOR 4ROY 2ICHARDSON "UFFALO
"RADLEY 0ROVIDENCE 7HITNEY 7ORCESTER #ONNOR 4ROY
7ILLIAMSON #HICAGO 7HITNEY 7ORCESTER #ARPENTER #INCINNATI
33 0ETERS 0ROVIDENCE 'LASSCOCK #LEVELAND #ASKIN 4ROY
)RWIN 7ORCESTER #ASKIN 4ROY 0ETERS 0ROVIDENCE
0ETERS 0ROVIDENCE )RWIN 7ORCESTER 'LASSCOCK #LEVELAND
2& 3HAFFER #LEVELAND $ORGAN 0ROVIDENCE %VANS 4ROY
3HAFFER #LEVELAND - +ELLY #HICAGO +NIGHT 7ORCESTER
3HAFFER #LEVELAND $ORGAN 0ROVIDENCE - +ELLY #HICAGO
#& *OHN /2OURKE "OSTON (INES 0ROVIDENCE #ROWLEY "UFFALO
#ROWLEY "UFFALO *OHN /2OURKE "OSTON 'ORE #HICAGO #ASSIDY 4ROY
(INES 0ROVIDENCE (OTALING #LEVELAND #ASSIDY 4ROY
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,& 'ILLESPIE 4ROY $ALRYMPLE #HICAGO - -ANSELL #INCINNATI
$ALRYMPLE #HICAGO 'ILLESPIE 4ROY - -ANSELL #INCINNATI
'ILLESPIE 4ROY 7OOD 7ORCESTER (ORNUNG "UFFALO
# 'ROSS 0ROVIDENCE #LAPP #INCINNATI &LINT #HICAGO
'ROSS 0ROVIDENCE #LAPP #INCINNATI &LINT #HICAGO
&LINT #HICAGO "ENNETT 7ORCESTER (OLBERT 4ROY
0 7ARD 0ROVIDENCE -C#ORMICK #LEVELAND 7ELCH 4ROY
"OND "OSTON -C#ORMICK #LEVELAND 7ARD "OSTON
7ARD 0ROVIDENCE 'OLDSMITH #HICAGO #ORCORAN #HICAGO
$OUBLE 0LAYS
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4#'AME
" 0HILLIPS #LEVELAND 2EILLY #INCINNATI 3TART 0ROVIDENCE
2EILLY #INCINNATI 0HILLIPS #LEVELAND %STERBROOK "UFFALO
3TART 0ROVIDENCE !NSON #HICAGO 0HILLIPS #LEVELAND
" $UNLAP #LEVELAND "URDOCK "OSTON &ERGUSON 4ROY
0 3MITH #INCINNATI #REAMER 7ORCESTER &ARRELL 0ROVIDENCE
"URDOCK "OSTON &ERGUSON 4ROY 0 3MITH #INCINNATI
" #ONNOR 4ROY #ARPENTER #INCINNATI "RADLEY 0ROVIDENCE 33 )RWIN 7ORCESTER 0ETERS 0ROVIDENCE 'LASSCOCK #LEVELAND
#ONNOR 4ROY 2ICHARDSON "UFFALO #ARPENTER #INCINNATI
"RADLEY 0ROVIDENCE #ARPENTER #INCINNATI #ONNOR 4ROY
#ASKIN 4ROY )RWIN 4ROY 3AY #INCINNATI 'LASSCOCK #LEVELAND
)RWIN 0ROVIDENCE #ASKIN 4ROY 'LASSCOCK #LEVELAND
2& 3HAFFER #LEVELAND %VANS 4ROY - $ORGAN 0ROVIDENCE
- +ELLY #HICAGO - $ORGAN 0ROVIDENCE -ANNING #INCINNATI 3HAFFER #LEVELAND
3HAFFER #LEVELAND - $ORGAN 0ROVIDENCE - +ELLY #HICAGO
#& (INES 0ROVIDENCE 'ORE #HICAGO (OTALING #LEVELAND
#ROWLEY "UFFALO *OHN /2OURKE "OSTON 0URCELL #INCINNATI 'ORE #HICAGO
*OHN /2OURKE "OSTON (INES 0ROVIDENCE 'ORE #HICAGO
,& 'ILLESPIE 4ROY - -ANSELL #INCINNATI $ALRYMPLE #HICAGO (ANLON #LEVELAND
(ANLON #LEVELAND $ALRYMPLE #HICAGO - -ANSELL #INCINNATI
'ILLESPIE 4ROY (ANLON #LEVELAND $ALRYMPLE #HICAGO
# +ENNEDY #LEVELAND 0OWERS "OSTON (OLBERT 4ROY
'ROSS 0ROVIDENCE #LAPP #INCINNATI +ENNEDY #LEVELAND
#LAPP #INCINNATI &LINT #HICAGO +ENNEDY #LEVELAND
,EADERS IN 0ASSED "ALLS 'ROSS 0ROVIDENCE &LINT #HICAGO 2OWE "UFFALO
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0 "OND "OSTON 7ELCH .EW 9ORK -C#ORMICK #LEVELAND
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"!NSON 'ORE 'OLDSMITH "1UEST 7ILLIAMSON "EALS +ELLY !NSON 33"URNS #ORCORAN 1UEST !NSON +ELLY "7ILLIAMSON +ELLY !NSON "URNS 1UEST /&$ALRYMPLE 'ORE +ELLY &LINT "EALS 'OLDSMITH #ORCORAN 0OORMAN #&LINT +ELLY 7ILLIAMSON "URNS 0#ORCORAN 'OLDSMITH 0OORMAN +ELLY "URNS 'UTH
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! $ALRYMPLE ,& !NSON " 1UEST " "URNS 33 'ORE #& +ELLY 2& h # h " &LINT # h 2& 7ILLIAMSON " h # #ORCORAN 0 'OLDSMITH 0 h #& "EALS 2&
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-IKE -C'EARY *OHN 7ARD -IKE $ORGAN -ESSER 3TREET 'ROUNDS
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"3TART (INES "RADLEY "&ARRELL (INES -C'EARY 330ETERS -C'EARY ""RADLEY 7ARD -C'EARY $ORGAN /&$ORGAN (INES 9ORK (OUCK "RADLEY 7ARD #'ROSS 07ARD "RADLEY $ORGAN
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! 'ROSS # 0ETERS 33 3TART " &ARRELL " $ORGAN 2& (INES #& 7ARD 0 h " "RADLEY " h 0 9ORK ,& (OUCK ,& -C'EARY "
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' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! 70 (2 *OHN 7ARD 'EORGE "RADLEY -IKE $ORGAN
/NE COMBINED SHUTOUT ON 3EPT 7ARD INNINGS "RADLEY INNINGS
0ERFECT GAME VS "UFFALO *UNE
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' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3/ "! 3! /"0 " &RED $UNLAP 2& /RATOR 3HAFFER " "ILL 0HILLIPS #& 0ETE (OTALING 33 *ACK 'LASSCOCK 0 *IM -C#ORMICK ,& .ED (ANLON " &RANK (ANKINSON # $OC +ENNEDY 3UB -IKE -C'EARY # "ARNEY 'ILLIGAN 0 'ID 'ARDNER 3UB !L (ALL 3UB (ARRY 7HEELER
"0HILLIPS "$UNLAP 33'LASSCOCK (ANLON 'ILLIGAN "(ANKINSON -C'EARY /&3HAFFER (OTALING (ANLON (ANKINSON -C#ORMICK 'ILLIGAN (ALL +ENNEDY -C'EARY 7HEELER 'ARDNER #+ENNEDY 'ILLIGAN (OTALING 0-C#ORMICK 'ARDNER (ANKINSON
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! 0HILLIPS " $UNLAP " 3HAFFER 2& (OTALING #& 'LASSCOCK 33 -C#ORMICK 0 (ANLON ,& +ENNEDY # (ANKINSON " h ,& -C'EARY " 'ILLIGAN #
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"OB &ERGUSON #ENTRAL )SLAND 'ROUNDS ALSO KNOWN AS (AYMAKERS 'ROUNDS ' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3/ "! 3! /"0 #& *OHN #ASSIDY ,& 0AT 'ILLESPIE " 2OGER #ONNOR 33 %D #ASKIN " "OB &ERGUSON 0 -ICKEY 7ELCH # "ILL (OLBERT " %D #OGSWELL 2& *AKE %VANS " "ILL 4OBIN /& "UTTERCUP $ICKERSON 3UB "UCK %WING 0 4IM +EEFE 3UB "ILL (ARBIDGE 0 4ERRY ,ARKIN 3UB *OE 3TRAUB 3UB $AN "ROUTHERS 0 &RANK -OUNTAIN 3UB -IKE ,AWLOR 3UB &RED (ALEY 3UB $ICK (IGHAM 3UB "ILL !HEARN 3UB &ATTY "RIODY
"#OGSWELL 4OBIN "ROUTHERS "&ERGUSON #ASSIDY 33#ASKIN $ICKERSON ,ARKIN "#ONNOR /&'ILLESPIE #ASSIDY %VANS $ICKERSON %WING (OLBERT 7ELCH ,ARKIN (IGHAM (ARBIDGE #(OLBERT %WING (ARBIDGE ,AWLOR 3TRAUB (ALEY #ASKIN (IGHAM "RIODY !HEARN 07ELCH +EEFE ,ARKIN -OUNTAIN %VANS
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! #ONNOR &ERGUSON #ASKIN 'ILLESPIE #ASSIDY 7ELCH (OLBERT #OGSWELL %VANS 4OBIN
" " 33 ,& #& 0 # " 2& "
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0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! $ICKERSON 2& +EEFE 0 %WING #
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! 70 (2 -ICKEY 7ELCH 4IM +EEFE 4ERRY ,ARKIN &RANK -OUNTAIN *AKE %VANS
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&RANK "ANCROFT 7ORCESTER $RIVING 0ARK 'ROUNDS ALSO KNOWN AS !GRICULTURAL &AIRGROUNDS ' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3/ "! 3! /"0 #& (ARRY 3TOVEY 33 !RTHUR )RWIN ,& 'EORGE 7OOD 0 ,EE 2ICHMOND " 'EORGE #REAMER " !RT 7HITNEY 2& ,ON +NIGHT # #HARLIE "ENNETT " #HUB 3ULLIVAN # $OC "USHONG 0 &RED #OREY /& "UTTERCUP $ICKERSON 3UB *ERRY $ORGAN 3UB *OE %LLICK 3UB "ILL 4OBIN 3UB 3TEVE $IGNAN 0 4RICKY .ICHOLS 3UB "ILLY 'EER 3UB "ILL -C'UNNIGLE
"3ULLIVAN 3TOVEY 4OBIN #OREY 7OOD "#REAMER 33)RWIN #OREY 'EER "7HITNEY %LLICK )RWIN 7OOD #OREY "USHONG /&7OOD +NIGHT 3TOVEY $ICKERSON #OREY 2ICHMOND $ORGAN "ENNETT $IGNAN 'EER "USHONG -C'UNNIGLE #"ENNETT "USHONG $ORGAN )RWIN 02ICHMOND #OREY .ICHOLS 3TOVEY
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! #REAMER )RWIN
" 33
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' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! 70 (2 ,EE 2ICHMOND &RED #OREY 4RICKY .ICHOLS (ARRY 3TOVEY
0ERFECT GAME VS #LEVELAND *UNE
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' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3/ "! 3! /"0 54 *IM /2OURKE " *ACK "URDOCK " *OHN -ORRILL 2& #URRY &OLEY #& *OHN /2OURKE " %ZRA 3UTTON 0 4OMMY "OND ,& #HARLEY *ONES 33 *OHN 2ICHMOND # 0HIL 0OWERS # 3AM 4ROTT 3UB 3ADIE (OUCK 3UB *OHN "ERGH 3UB 3TEVE $IGNAN 3UB $AN /,EARY 3UB 'EORGE 7RIGHT 3UB $ENNY 3ULLIVAN 0 *ACK ,EARY
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0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! "URDOCK " *OHN /2OURKE #& *ONES ,& "OND 0 h 2& -ORRILL " h " 3UTTON 33 h " *IM /2OURKE 2& h " h 33 h " 0OWERS # &OLEY 0 h 2& h " 4ROTT # 2ICHMOND 33 (OUCK ,& "ERGH #
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! 70 (2 4OMMY "OND #URRY &OLEY *OHN -ORRILL *ACK ,EARY
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"%STERBROOK 7ALKER (ORNUNG "&ORCE &ULMER #RANE %STERBROOK (ORNUNG 2ADBOURN -ACK 33&ORCE -OYNAHAN -ACK ,ATHAM 3TEARNS %STERBROOK "2ICHARDSON 3TEARNS 2OWE /&#ROWLEY (ORNUNG 2OWE 3TEARNS 'ALVIN %STERBROOK $RISCOLL 7IEDMAN 7ALKER 0OORMAN ,ATHAM -C'UNNIGLE 2ADBOURN #RANE #2OWE #ROWLEY 3TEARNS 2ICHARDSON +EENAN +EARNS ,ATHAM %STERBROOK 0'ALVIN 7IEDMAN 0OORMAN $RISCOLL -C'UNNIGLE (ORNUNG
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! 2ICHARDSON " #ROWLEY #& h # (ORNUNG ,& h " 2OWE # h #& 'ALVIN 0 h 2& &ORCE " h 33 %STERBROOK " h ,& -OYNAHAN 33 7ALKER " h #& 3TEARNS 2& 7IEDMAN 0 h 2& -ACK 33 $RISCOLL 2& ,ATHAM 33 h #& 0OORMAN 0 h 2& &ULMER "
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.O HIT GAME VS 7ORCESTER !UGUST
Y_dY_ddWj_ *OHN #LAPP "ANK 3TREET 'ROUNDS
' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3/ "! 3! /"0 " 0OP 3MITH #& "LONDIE 0URCELL # *OHN #LAPP " (ICK #ARPENTER " ,ONG *OHN 2EILLY 0 7ILL 7HITE 33 ,OU 3AY 2& *ACK -ANNING ,& -IKE -ANSELL 3UB $EACON 7HITE 3UB !NDY ,EONARD 3UB #HARLIE 2EILLEY 3UB *OE 3OMMER 3UB (ARRY 7HEELER 3UB 3AM 7RIGHT 3UB !MOS "OOTH
"2EILLY #ARPENTER $ 7HITE -ANNING "3MITH $ 7HITE 333AY ,EONARD 7RIGHT 3OMMER 0URCELL #ARPENTER "#ARPENTER ,EONARD 2EILLEY 3OMMER "OOTH /&0URCELL -ANSELL -ANNING $ 7HITE 3OMMER 7HEELER 2EILLEY #LAPP 2EILLY 7 7HITE ##LAPP 2EILLEY 3OMMER 07 7HITE 0URCELL
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! 3MITH #LAPP 2EILLY #ARPENTER 7 7HITE 0URCELL h -ANSELL 3AY -ANNING $ 7HITE
" # " " 0 #& 0 ,& 33 2& 2&
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0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! ,EONARD 33 h " 3OMMER #& 7HEELER ,& 2EILLEY 2& h #
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!FTER OUSTING THE REBELLIOUS #INCINNATI FRANCHISE THE PREVIOUS FALL FOR SELLING INTOXICANTS IN ITS PARK AND CRUSADING TO PLAY HOME GAMES ON 3UNDAY .ATIONAL ,EAGUE PRESIDENT 7ILLIAM (ULBERT MUST HAVE FELT THE IRONY WHEN HE REALIZED THAT -AY THE ,EAGUES TRADITIONAL OPENING DATE WOULD FALL ON 3UNDAY IN 4O DODGE THE CONmICT #HICAGO AND 7ORCESTER ADVANCED THEIR HOME OPENERS TO 3ATURDAY !PRIL WHILE $ETROIT AND 0ROVIDENCE STAGED THEIR LID LIFTERS TWO AFTERNOONS LATER ON -ONDAY 4HE OPENING GAMES VIEWED BY FANS IN THOSE FOUR ,EAGUE CITIES WERE MANIFESTLY DIFFERENT FROM ANY SEEN BEFORE ! BATTER IN COULD NOW DRAW A WALK AFTER ONLY SEVEN UNFAIR DELIVERIES OR BALLS RATHER THAN EIGHT BUT BALANCING THAT GAIN FOR HIM WAS A NEW RULE REMOVING HIS LUXURY OF RECEIVING A hGOOD BALLv WARNING ON THE lRST THIRD STRIKE HE FAILED TO SWING AT BEFORE BEING CALLED OUT ON STRIKES 4HE SUBSTITUTION RULE WAS ALSO TIGHTENED AS WAS THE RULE REGARDING FORFEITS "OTH OF THESE RULE REVISIONS WOULD EXERT CONSIDERABLE IMPACT ON THE GAME IN THE YEARS AHEAD BUT THE MOST INmUENTIAL CHANGE IMPOSED IN MOVED THE FRONT LINE OF THE PITCHERS BOX lVE FEET FARTHER FROM HOME PLATE )NCREASING THE PITCHING DISTANCE TO FEET AND REDUCING BY ONE THE NUMBER OF BALLS NEEDED FOR A WALK COMBINED TO ADD POINTS TO THE ,EAGUE BATTING AVERAGE IN AND BOOST WALK TOTALS BY &OR ALL THE CHANGES THE #HICAGO 7HITE 3TOCKINGS CONTINUED TO RULE THE ROOST 4HE ADVENT OF THE 2ESERVE #LAUSE AND CONTINUING lNANCIAL SUCCESS ENABLED #HICAGO TO RETAIN THE ENTIRE STARTING NINE FROM ITS CHAMPIONSHIP TEAM AND ADD ONLY ONE NEW FACE ROOKIE OUTlELDER (UGH .ICOL FOR BENCH STRENGTH 7ITH ,ARRY #ORCORAN AND &RED 'OLDSMITH AGAIN OPERATING AS A TANDEM AND COLLECTING WINS BETWEEN THEM SPLIT ALMOST EVENLY #AP !NSONS CLUB STARTED FAST AND WAS NEVER HEADED !T THE END OF THE SEASONS lRST MONTH #HICAGO HAD A RECORD AND LED
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j^[ h_]^j ][eh][ -ANY BASEBALL RECORD BOOKS CONTINUE TO DEEM 'EORGE "RADLEY THE RECORD HOLDER FOR THE MOST SHUT OUTS BY A ROOKIE WITH IN 3INCE "RADLEY WON GAMES THE PREVIOUS YEAR FOR 3T ,OUIS IN THE .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION IT MAKES AS MUCH SENSE TO CALL HIM THE ROOKIE RECORD HOLDER FOR SHUTOUTS AS IT DOES TO ASSIGN THE ROOKIE RECORD FOR WINS TO !L 3PALDING BECAUSE HE LANDED VICTORIES IN THE .A TIONAL ,EAGUES INAUGURAL SEASON 'RANTED 3PALDING HAD lVE .! SEASONS UNDER HIS BELT TO "RADLEYS ONE BUT EITHER THE .! IS JUDGED TO BE A MAJOR LEAGUE OR IT ISNT )F IT IS SO JUDGED WHETHER "RADLEY PITCHED IN IT FOR ONE YEAR OR lVE HE IS SIMPLY NOT A ROOKIE )F IT IS NOT 3PALDING THEN IS ALSO A ROOKIE WHICH WIPES OUT HIS lRST WINS AND lVE SEASONS OF PROFESSIONAL WORK AND MAKES HIM THE HOLDER OF PRACTICALLY EVERY SIGNIlCANT ALL TIME ROOKIE PITCHING RECORD THAT DOESNT BELONG TO "RADLEY 4HE PROBLEM STEMS FROM -AJOR ,EAGUE "ASEBALLS REFUSAL TO DEEM THE .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION A MA JOR LEAGUE 4HIS STUBBORN STANCE CREATES ALL SORTS OF FOOLISHNESS LIKE HAVING TO THINK THAT YEAR OLD *OE 3TART WHO HAD ABOUT YEARS OF TOP LEVEL BALL UNDER HIS BELT WAS A ROOKIE IN AND THAT (ARRY 7RIGHT AFTER WINNING FOUR .! mAGS PLUS A NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP WAS NEVERTHELESS STILL A YEARLING MANAGER 4HE ARGUMENT STOPS HERE 4HE 'REAT %NCYCLOPEDIA OF .INETEENTH #ENTURY -AJOR ,EAGUE "ASEBALL SAYS THE RIGHT 'EORGE'EORGE $ERBYIS THE ALL TIME RECORD HOLDER FOR THE MOST SHUTOUTS BY A ROOKIE )N $ETROITS PITCHING STAFF LED THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE WITH SHUTOUTS .INE OF THEM BELONGED TO $ERBY WHO ALSO SET A NEW FROSH STRIKEOUT MARK THAT YEAR WITH (IS STRIKEOUT RECORD FELL THREE YEARS LATER BUT NO OTHER ROOKIE HURLER HAS EVER COMPILED MORE THAN EIGHT SHUTOUTS 3O $ERBY IS OUR MAN
ND PLACE 7ORCESTER BY JUST A GAME AND A HALF "UT IN *UNE THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS WENT TO PAD THEIR LEAD TO FOUR AND A HALF GAMES OVER "UFFALO WHICH HAD TAKEN OVER THE RUNNER UP SPOT 4HOUGH #HICAGO EVENTUALLY WON EASILY TRIUMPHING BY NINE GAMES THE OTHER SEVEN ,EAGUE TEAMS WERE SO TIGHTLY BUNCHED THAT ONLY GAMES SEPARATED ND PLACE 0ROVIDENCE AND CELLAR DWELLING 7ORCESTER 4HE SURPRISE TEAMS IN THE SEASON IN WHICH THE ,EAGUE ENJOYED ITS GREATEST PARITY DURING THE NINETEENTH CENTURY WERE THE NEW $ETROIT ENTRY WHICH CLAIMED A lRST DIVISION RUNG BY lNISHING TH A REMARKABLE ACHIEVEMENT FOR A NOVICE FRANCHISE AND THE "UFFALO "ISONS !FTER A DISMAL TH PLACE lNISH IN "UFFALO SNARED $EACON 7HITE FROM THE DEFUNCT #INCIN NATI CLUB ALONG WITH *IM /2OURKE WHEN "OSTON LEFT HIM OFF ITS RESERVE LIST 4HE PAIR JOINED WITH $AN "ROUTHERS AN EARLIER mOP WITH 4ROY AND EMERGING STAR (ARDY 2ICHARDSON TO VAULT THE "ISONS UPWARD TO THIRD PLACE WITH AN IMPROVEMENT IN WINNING PERCENTAGE FROM TO !N ABYSMAL OFFENSIVE OUTPUT FROM ITS TWO MIDDLE INlELDERS $AVY &ORCE AND *OHN 0ETERS PREVENTED "UFFALO FROM ADVANCING EVEN HIGHER IN THE STANDINGS 0ROVIDENCE WAS
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h_Y^cedZ W]W_d )N ,EE 2ICHMOND OF 7ORCESTER BECAME THE lRST PITCHER IN MAJOR LEAGUE HISTORY TO WIN OR MORE GAMES FOR A LAST PLACE TEAM 4HE .ATIONAL ,EAGUES UNPRECEDENTED PARITY THAT YEAR WAS MUCH OF THE REASON !S A RESULT 7ORCESTER WON GAMES BY FAR THE MOST OF ANY CELLAR DWELLER TO THAT POINT &OLLOWING IS A LIST OF GAME WINNERS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY WITH LAST PLACE TEAMS
4EAM
,EAGUE
9EAR
2ECORD
,EE 2ICHMOND
7ORCESTER
.,
(ARDIE (ENDERSON
"ALTIMORE
!!
-ATT +ILROY
"ALTIMORE
!!
-ARK "ALDWIN
0ITTSBURGH
.,
SIMILARLY HAMPERED WHEN ITS NEW SHORTSTOP "ILL -C#LELLAN HIT JUST BUT NO TEAM WAS HURT MORE BY A WEAK ATTACK THAN 4ROY 4HE PREVI OUS YEAR THE 4ROJANS HAD SNEAKED INTO THE lRST DIVISION AFTER UNEARTH ING FOUR ROOKIES-ICKEY 7ELCH 4IM +EEFE 2OGER #ONNOR AND "UCK %WINGWHO WERE DESTINED TO MAKE THE (ALL OF &AME BUT THOUGH THE QUARTET OF FUTURE GREATS CONTINUED TO BLOSSOM IN 4ROY SLIPPED A NOTCH TO lFTH PLACE DESPITE SETTING A NEW TEAM lELDING AVERAGE RECORD OF ! LACKLUSTER OUTlELD AND &RANK (ANKINSONS BAT AT THIRD BASE WERE THE 4ROJANS UNDOING .EVERTHELESS 4ROY GOT HOME HALF A LENGTH AHEAD OF "OSTON SADDLING (ARRY 7RIGHT WITH HIS SECOND STRAIGHT TH PLACE lNISH
*OHN -ANSELL THE LEAST KNOWN OF THE THREE -ANSELL BROTHERS WHO FORMED THE lRST ALL SIBLING OUTlELD IN PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL HISTORY IN 4HE TRIO PLAYED FOR !LBANY IN MIDSUMMER AND FACED THE .EW 9ORK -ETS IN EARLY *ULY IN A GAME AT 2IVERSIDE 0ARK "Y THE END OF THE SUMMER AFTER THE !LBANY TEAM BROKE UP ELDEST BROTHER 4OM WAS WITH THE -ETS AND *OHN WAS PLAYING FOR THE "ROOKLYN !TLANTICS 4HE FOLLOWING YEAR *OHN AND MIDDLE BROTHER -IKE BOTH PLAYED IN THE mEDGLING !MERICAN !SSOCIATION
"OSTONS CONTINUED DOWNWARD SPIRAL PERSUADED 7RIGHT TO LEAVE THE (UB TEAM AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE SEASON AFTER YEARS AT ITS HELM BUT IF THINGS IN "EANTOWN WERE CHAOTIC THE OTHER SEVEN ,EAGUE CITIES COULD NOT HAVE BEEN MORE STABLE 7HEN ALL EIGHT ,EAGUE CLUBS ANNOUNCED THEY WOULD RETURN IN IT MARKED THE lRST TIME THAT (ULBERTS LOOP WOULD lELD THE SAME CREW OF TEAMS TWO YEARS IN A ROW "UT WHILE (ULBERT FELT ONLY SATISFACTION WITH HIMSELF HIS TEAM AND HIS FEDERATION IN THE WANING DAYS OF IT WAS NOT DESTINED TO LAST FOR LONG "Y THE SPRING OF THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUES FOUNDER LAY DYING OF HEART FAILURE AND HIS BRAINCHILD FACED THE lRST SERI OUS CHALLENGE TO ITS SELF PROCLAIMED MONOPOLY ON MAJOR LEAGUE STATUS
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j^[ jhW_b [Wij \hec YWb_\ehd_W .ORTHERN #ALIFORNIA BY THE EARLY S HAD BECOME A MOTHER LODE OF YOUNG BASEBALL TALENT 4HE MAIN PROBLEM MAJOR LEAGUE TEAMS HAD WAS CONVINCING THESE TALENTED PLAYERS TO TRAVEL EAST -AJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL AT THAT TIME WAS STILL BASICALLY AN hEASTERNv CONCEPT 0LAYERS OUT IN #ALIFORNIA DIDNT AUTOMATICALLY JUMP TO ATTENTION WHEN SOMEONE SAID HE WAS FROM #HICAGO OR "OSTONLET ALONE 0ROVIDENCE OR "UFFALO 4RUE THEY KNEW WHO THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS WERE BUT THEY WERE SKEPTICAL THAT THOSE #HICAGOANS WERE REALLY ANY BETTER LET ALONE PLAYED AGAINST COMPETITION THAT MUCH BETTER THAN WHAT THEY FACED THEMSELVES -OREOVER MANY YOUNG #ALIFORNIA PLAYERS WERE RELUCTANT TO LEAVE THEIR HOME AREAS FOR THE ALIEN %AST )T WAS A LONG TREK FROM THE 0ACIlC #OAST TRAVELING BY TRAIN COULD BE DANGEROUS AND NOT ALL CARED OR DARED TO BRAVE THE UNKNOWN AND LEAVE BEHIND A BASEBALL ARENA WHERE THEY WERE ACCEPTED AND EVEN REVERED 3OME HELP CAME FROM EARLY MAJOR LEAGUERS WHO LATER LIVED OR WORKED IN #ALIFORNIA MOST NOTABLY #AL -C6EY AND ,EN 3TOCKWELL A #LEVELAND SUBSTITUTE IN -C6EY AND 3TOCKWELL COULD BEAR WITNESS TO WHAT THE EASTERN GAME AND THE EASTERN CITIES WERE LIKE .O DOUBT THEYAND -C6EY IN PARTICULARHELPED SELL !NDY 0IERCY A NATIVE OF THE 3AN *OSE AREA TO GIVE IT A TRY 0IERCY PLAYED BRIEmY WITH #HICAGO IN AND SO BECAME THE lRST #ALIFORNIA BORN PLAYER TO MAKE THE MAJORS BUT THE lRST #ALIFORNIA GROOMED PLAYER TO MAKE A SIGNIlCANT IMPACT ON THE EASTERN GAME WAS *ERRY $ENNY WHO JOINED 0ROVIDENCE IN $ENNY WAS A ROUGH SORT HAVING GROWN UP IN AN ORPHANAGE AFTER LOSING BOTH HIS PARENTS SOON AFTER HE MOVED TO THE 3AN &RANCISCO AREA FROM .EW 9ORK (E WAS A CRACK THIRD BASEMAN THOUGH AND WAS RECRUITED BY *OHN 7ARD THEN 0ROVIDENCES PITCHING ACE WHO CAME OUT TO 3AN &RANCISCO IN THE WINTER OF TO PLAY BALL 4HE WAY IT USUALLY WORKED THEN WAS THAT PLAYERS ACTED AS SCOUTS FOR THEIR TEAMS AND IT WAS OFTEN JUST AS IMPORTANT TO BE A GOOD SCHMOOZER AS A SHARP JUDGE OF TALENT )N ANY EVENT WHEN (ARRY 7RIGHT BECAME 0ROVIDENCES MAN AGER IN HE RELIED HEAVILY ON 7ARDS JUDGMENTWHICH HAD CERTAINLY BEEN RIGHT THE PREVIOUS YEAR ABOUT $ENNYAND TOOK ON CATCHER 3ANDY .AVA ONCE THOUGHT TO HAVE BEEN THE lRST 3AN &RAN CISCO NATIVE TO REACH THE MAJORS AND SOON AFTERWARD HIRED ANOTHER 3AN &RANCISCAN #HARLIE 3WEENEY .AVA COULDNT HIT AND WAS NEVER MORE THAN A BACKUP CATCHER BUT 3WEENEY PROVED TO BE AN OUTSTANDING PITCHERAT LEAST FOR A SHORT WHILE 4HE TWO OF THEM TOGETHER WITH $ENNY COMPLETED 0ROVIDENCES #ALIFORNIA CONTINGENT FOR THE MOMENT AND MADE THE 'RAYS THE lRST MAJOR LEAGUE TEAM TO HAVE A DISTINCT h0ACIlC 3LOPEv mAVOR (OWEVER 7RIGHT MOVED TO 0HILADELPHIA IN TO TAKE ON A FRESH CHALLENGE BY TRYING TO RESCUE THE NEWLY CREATED 0HILLIES WHICH HAD BEEN A DISASTER IN THEIR IN AUGURAL MAJOR LEAGUE SEASON /NE OF 7RIGHTS lRST VENTURES WAS TO TAP THE #ALIFORNIA REGION FOR NEW TALENT AND SINCE HE NO LONGER HAD 7ARD TO RELY ON HE TURNED TO "OB "LAKISTON WHOD JOINED THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS IN )TS UNCLEAR WHAT "LAKISTONS LINK WAS TO 7RIGHT BEYOND THE FACT THAT HE HAD LONG STANDING TIES TO THE 0HILADELPHIA BASEBALL SCENE "LAKISTON WAS ALSO BORN IN 3AN &RANCISCO AND HIS REAL NAME WAS "LACKSTONE MAKING HIM A DESCENDENT OF THE FAMOUS MAGICIAN 3INCE HE DEBUTED IN THE MAJORS WITH THE !SSOCIATION !THLETICS ON -AY THREE DAYS BEFORE .AVA PLAYED HIS lRST GAME WITH 0ROVIDENCE THAT SCORCHES THE CLAIM THAT .AVA WAS THE lRST
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3AN &RANCISCAN TO PLAY MAJOR LEAGUE BALL ALTHOUGH IT LEAVES INTACT FOR THE MOMENT THE POSSIBILITY THAT HE WAS THE lRST TO PLAY IN THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUEBUT ONLY FOR THE MOMENT !NYWAY WITH "LAKIS TONS HELP 7RIGHT BAGGED 3AN &RANCISCAN *IM &OGARTY SOON TO BECOME PERHAPS THE BEST DEFENSIVE OUTlELDER IN THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE IN THE S -IKE $E0ANGHER A YOUNG CATCHER AND POTENTIALLY THE BIGGEST PRIZE OF ALL *OHN 0ATRICK #AHILL KNOWN AS 0ATSY 4HEN ONLY #AHILL WAS A 3AN &RAN CISCO BORN SHORT STOCKY TYPE WITH A QUICK BAT AND A RARE ABILITY TO PLAY EVERY DIAMOND POSITION (E HAD SPENT THE WINTER OF IN 4EXAS PLAYING FOR THE +/- TEAM AGAINST THE 'ALVESTON 'ULF #ITYS WHICH NUMBERED AMONG OTHERS ,EN 3TOCKWELL #HARLIE )NGRAHAM WHOD PLAYED A BIT WITH "ALTIMORE IN AND 'EORGE #RAWFORD ALSO A #ALIFORNIAN WHO WAS REGARDED THEN AS THE hBEST ALL AROUND PLAYER IN 4EXASv 3OMEHOW (ARRY 7RIGHT GOT WIND OF #AHILL AND )NGRAHAM AND BROUGHT THEM TO TRAINING CAMP WITH THE 0HILLIES IN THE SPRING OF TO JOIN &OGARTY AND $E0ANGHER .OW LIKE 0ROVIDENCE 7RIGHTS PREVIOUS TEAM THE 0HILLIES ALSO HAD A STRONG 3AN &RANCISCO "AY !REA mAVOR
4HE #OLUMBUS "UCKEYES THE lRST TEAM WITH FOUR STARTERS%D -ORRIS 4OM "ROWN &RED #ARROLL AND 0ATSY #AHILLFROM #ALIFORNIA 4OP #AHILL %D h$UMMYv $UNDON #ARROLL 2UDY +EMMLER *IM &IELD AND 7ILLIE +UEHNE -IDDLE &RED -ANN 4OM "ROWN MANAGER 'US 3CHMELZ 0OP 3MITH AND *OHN 2ICHMOND -ORRIS SITS FRONT RIGHT BESIDE &RANK -OUNTAIN THE TEAMS OTHER PITCHING ACE )F THE PITCHING RULES HAD NOT CHANGED PRACTICALLY EVERY SEASON IN THE S -ORRIS MIGHT NOW BE CONSIDERED THE BEST HURLER FROM THAT DECADE (E STILL HOLDS THE SEASON RECORD FOR THE MOST SHUTOUTS BY A LEFT HANDER IN
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4HOSE WERE THE TWO MAIN NORTHERN #ALIFORNIA TO .ATIONAL ,EAGUE ARTERIES IN THE EARLY S BUT THERE WERE TWO OTHERS THAT LED TO RIVAL MAJOR LEAGUES /NE INVOLVED (EN -OORE THE 5NION !SSOCIA TION STAR WHO HOLDS JUST ABOUT EVERY IMPORTANT BATTING RECORD BY A ONE YEAR MAJOR LEAGUER AND PAR TICULARLY ONE ABOUT WHOM NOT A SINGLE lRM BIOGRAPHICAL FACT IS KNOWN BUT WELL LEAVE -OORE AND HIS BIZARRE 7ASHINGTON 5NIONS FOR LATER WHILE WE CONSIDER THE #OLUMBUS "UCKEYES ONE OF THE MOST ILLU MINATING NINETEENTH CENTURY TEAM STUDIES 4HE "UCKEYES FORMED FROM SCRATCH IN THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATIONS SECOND SEASON BUT UNLIKE ALMOST EVERY OTHER MAJOR LEAGUE TEAM STARTED FROM GROUND ZERO THEY DIDNT lNISH LAST IN THEIR lRST YEARTHEY lNISHED SIXTH AHEAD OF 0ITTSBURGH AND "ALTIMORE TWO VETERAN !SSOCIATION TEAMSBUT THAT WASNT NEARLY GOOD ENOUGH &OR THE SEASON THE "UCK EYES DUMPED h(USTLING (ORACEv 0HILLIPS ONE OF THEIR PRIME ORGANIZERS AND BROUGHT IN 'US 3CHMELZ A POPULAR LOCAL PROMOTER TO MANAGE THE CLUB )N ADDITION #OLUMBUS GARNERED A NEW BATTERY COM PRISED OF HARD HITTING CATCHER &RED #ARROLL AND %D -ORRIS ARGUABLY THE BEST LEFT HANDED PITCHER IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY #ARROLL WAS FROM 3ACRAMENTO AND HAD lRST PLAYED PROFESSIONALLY WITH -ORRIS THE PREVIOUS YEAR FOR THE 2EADING !CTIVES IN THE )NTER 3TATE ,EAGUE 4HE TWO OF THEM HAD COME EAST TO GETHER IN THE SPRING OF TO JOIN THE 2EADING CLUB AFTER PLAYING AS SANDLOTTERS IN THE 3AN &RANCISCO "AY !REA AND AT THE CLOSE OF THE SEASON THEY RETURNED TO 3AN &RANCISCO TO DO BATTLE THAT WINTER IN A STRANGELY DESIGNED THREE TEAM LEAGUE THAT INCLUDED $ENNYS #OMBINATION WHICH HAD AS ITS CENTER PIECE *ERRY $ENNY AND ALSO NUMBERED #HARLIE 3WEENEY -IKE $E0ANGHER !NDY 0IERCY AND ANOTHER SOON TO BE MAJOR LEAGUER NAMED -ARK #REEGAN /PPOSING $ENNYS TEAM WERE THE (AVERLYS WHICH HAD *IM &OGARTY AND ALSO FUTURE MAJOR LEAGUERS 0ETE -EEGAN *IM -C$ONALD AND MOST ESPECIALLY #HARLIE 'EGGUS ABOUT WHOM MORE WILL BE HEARD 4HE THIRD TEAM WAS THE /CCIDENTALS WHICH BOASTED A BATTERY OF #ARROLL AND -ORRIS AND ALSO NUMBERED "OB "LAKISTON AND THE MAN WHO MOST HISTORIANS OF THE #ALIFORNIA GAME NOW BELIEVE WAS THE lRST NATIVE BORN 3AN &RANCISCAN TO PLAY IN THE MAJORS THE /CCIDENTALS lRST BASEMAN *ACK 3MITH WHOD BEEN WITH 4ROY AND 7ORCESTER IN AND DEBUTED IN THE MAJORS EXACTLY ONE DAY BEFORE "LAKISTON AND FOUR DAYS BEFORE 3ANDY .AVA &OR YEARS AFTER THAT 3MITH HAD OFFERS FROM BIG LEAGUE TEAMS TO RETURN EAST AND SOMETIMES HE WENT SO FAR AS TO SIGN A CONTRACT FOR THE COMING SEASON AS HE DID WITH ,OUISVILLE IN BUT THEN AT THE LAST MOMENT HE WOULD ALWAYS RECANT AND STAY ON THE 7EST #OAST TO PLAY WITH HIS BROTHER (UEY )N 3MITH DECLINED TO ACCOMPANY -ORRIS AND #ARROLL BACK TO #OLUMBUS AFTER THE WINTER LEAGUE SEASON ENDED 4HE CULMINATION WAS A PAIR OF GAMES ON &EBRUARY AND BETWEEN TWO ALL STAR TEAMS ONE REPRESENTING THE #ALIFORNIA ,EAGUE AND THE OTHER ENCOMPASSING MAJOR LEAGUERS WHOD WINTERED IN THE "AY !REA /N THE ST THE BIG LEAGUERS WON AND THE FOLLOW ING DAY THEY PUMMELED THE LOCALS BEHIND #HARLIE 3WEENEYS PITCHING AND A PAIR OF LONG HOME RUNS BY %D -ORRIS 4HE TWO CONTESTS PROBABLY WENT A LONG WAY TOWARD CONVINCING YOUNG LOCAL PLAYERS THAT THE MAJOR LEAGUES WERE THE PLACE TO BE IF THEY REALLY WANTED TO TEST THEMSELVES AGAINST THE BEST "UT -ORRIS AND #ARROLL STILL COULDNT ENTICE *ACK 3MITH TO GO WITH THEM 4HEY DID LINK UP HOWEVER WITH 0ATSY #AHILL WHO WAS BACK IN #ALIFORNIA BY THIS TIME AND PLAYED WITH THEIR TEAM AS A PROSPECTIVE MEMBER OF THE 0HILLIES NOW #AHILL DIDNT MAKE THE 0HILLIES ROSTER IN THE SPRING OF AGAIN ITS UNCLEAR WHY 7HAT IS KNOWN IS THAT SPRING THE #OLUMBUS "UCKEYES RELEASED (ARRY 7HEELER THEIR LEFT lELDER IN AND
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THEN BEGAN THE SEASON WITHOUT A BONA lDE REPLACEMENT FORCING 3CHMELZ TO USE HIS CHANGE PITCHER WHETHER IT BE -ORRIS OR &RANK -OUNTAIN OR A THIRD BOXMAN $UMMY $UNDON OUT IN LEFT -ORRIS WAS THE BEST lELDER OF THE THREEHED PLAYED A LOT OF CENTER lELD THE PREVIOUS YEAR FOR THE 2EADING TEAMAND -OUNTAIN WAS THE MOST DANGEROUS HITTER WHILE $UNDON WAS THE ODDEST (E WAS THE lRST GRADUATE OF THE /HIO 3CHOOL FOR THE $EAF TO PLAY IN THE MAJORS PRECEDING $UMMY (OY BY SOME lVE YEARS AND WAS THE ONLY HOMEGROWN MEMBER OF AN AMBITIOUS #OLUMBUS TEAM THAT BY MID -AY WAS GIVING NOTICE OF BEING A SURPRISE CONTENDER FOR THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION PENNANT 3O CONVINCED WAS 3CHMELZ THAT HIS TEAM HAD A REAL CHANCE THAT HE ACTED WHEN -ORRIS AND &RED #ARROLL TOLD HIM THEY KNEW A lNE ALL AROUND PLAYER THE 0HILLIES HAD LEFT AT LIBERTY THAT THEY THOUGHT WOULD BE PERFECT TO lLL THE CLUBS LEFT lELD HOLE /N THEIR RECOMMENDATION 3CHMELZ SIGNED 0ATSY #AHILL #AHILL ARRIVED IN "ALTIMORE ON -AY AND DEBUTED WITH THE "UCKEYES THAT AFTERNOON MAKING THEM THE lRST TEAM IN MAJOR LEAGUE HISTORY WITH FOUR NORTHERN #ALIFORNIA PRODUCTS SERVING AS REGULARS (OWEVER #AHILL ARRIVED AT A JUNCTURE WHEN 3CHMELZ NEEDED A PITCHER EVEN MORE THAN A LEFT lELDER BECAUSE -OUNTAIN HAD JUST HURT HIS KNEE AND -ORRIS WAS EXHAUSTED BY A HARD STRETCH OF GAMES ON THE -EMORIAL $AY WEEKEND 3O 3CHMELZ PUT #AHILL IN THE BOX IN HIS BIG LEAGUE DEBUT AND #AHILL WENT FOR AND STAGGERED THROUGH NINE INNINGS TO BEAT /RIOLES ACE (ARDIE (ENDERSON #A HILL DIDNT START ANOTHER GAME IN THE MAJORS UNTIL BUT MEANWHILE HE GAVE THE "UCKEYES A SOLID THIRD OUTlELDER AND HELPED TO LIFT THEM INTO PENNANT CONTENTION #OLUMBUS HUNG TOUGH AGAINST THE EVENTUAL CHAMPION .EW 9ORK -ETS UNTIL LATE !UGUST WHEN #AHILL BROKE HIS ANKLE SLIDING IN A GAME AGAINST #INCINNATI 7ITH #AHILL OUT FOR THE SEASON THE "UCKEYES EVENTUALLY HAD TO SETTLE FOR SECOND PLACE BUT WILL ALWAYS HAVE THE DISTINCTION OF BEING THE lRST TEAM TO HAVE FOUR "AY !REA PERFORMERS IN FEATURE ROLES .EXT AND LAST IS THE FOURTH ARTERY FROM THE "AY !REA TO THE MAJORS IN THE MID STHE 7ASH INGTON 5NIONS !LTHOUGH ALIVE FOR ONLY ONE YEAR THE 5NIONS ARE WORTH A CHAPTER IN THEIR OWN RIGHT &OR ONE PRIOR TO THEY OWNED THE MAJOR LEAGUE RECORD FOR USING THE MOST PLAYERS IN A SEASON 4HE FOREMOST 7ASHINGTON 5NIONS PERFORMER WAS UNQUESTIONABLY (EN -OORE AND INTERESTINGLY IN -OORE PLAYED FOR NONE OTHER THAN THE 2EADING !CTIVES ALONG WITH -ORRIS AND &RED #ARROLL UNTIL MID !UGUST WHEN HE WAS SUSPENDED FOR NOT RUNNING OUT A GROUND BALL -OORE WAS QUITE A PIECE OF WORK REBELLIOUS INTEMPERATE FREQUENTLY SUSPENDED OR lRED AND YET PERENNIALLY BOBBING UP ON THIS TEAM OR THAT ONE IN STILL ANOTHER PART OF THE GLOBE MAKING IT ALL THE MORE REMARKABLE THAT TO DATE HE HAS SO COMPLETELY ELUDED ALL EFFORTS TO TRACK DOWN WHAT EVENTUALLY HAPPENED TO HIM )N ANY EVENT UPON DISCOVERING THAT -OORE PLAYED WITH -ORRIS AND #ARROLL IN ONE WOULD EXPECT THAT HE TOO MUST HAVE PLAYED IN 3AN &RANCISCO IN THE WINTER OF AND WAS SUBSE QUENTLY INSTRUMENTAL IN BRINGING SEVERAL MEMBERS OF THAT ASYMMETRICAL THREE TEAM WINTER LEAGUE TO 7ASHINGTON WITH HIM "UT SUCH DOESNT SEEM TO BE THE CASE FOR THERE IS NO SOLID TRACE OF -OORE OUT IN &RANCISCO IN THE WINTER OF (ENCE IT APPEARS THAT THE (AVERLYS BATTERY OF #HARLIE 'EGGUS AND *IM -C$ONALD PLUS -ARK #REEGAN OF $ENNYS #OMBINATION WOUND UP IN 7ASHINGTON SOME OTHER WAY 0ROBABLY ITS USEFUL TO KNOW THAT 'EGGUS ALSO WAS WITH THE 2EADING !CTIVES IN REPLACING -ORRIS AS THE TEAMS ACE PITCHERTHE 2EADING TEAM UNDOUBTEDLY WILL PROVE TO BE PARTICU LARLY FERTILE FOR ANYONE SEEKING TO PROBE DEEPER INTO WHAT DREW SO MANY YOUNG #ALIFORNIA PLAYERS TO
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COME EAST IN THE EARLY S 'EGGUS STAYED WITH THE !CTIVES UNTIL EARLY !UGUST WHEN 7ASHINGTON OWNER MANAGER -IKE 3CANLON BOUGHT HIM FOR THE LAST TWO MONTHS OF THE 5NION !SSOCIATION SEASON )N THAT SHORT STRETCH 'EGGUS WON GAMES AVERAGED NEARLY EIGHT STRIKEOUTS A START AND PLAYED A GOOD OUTlELD ON THE DAYS WHEN HE WASNT PITCHING BUT AFTER THAT HE NEVER AGAIN APPEARED IN THE MAJORS )TS ANOTHER MYSTERY .O QUESTION 'EGGUS WAS GOOD (ED MORE THAN HELD HIS OWN IN WINTER LEAGUE DUELS AGAINST BOTH 3WEENEY AND -ORRIS *IM -C$ONALD 'EGGUSS (AVERLYS BATTERY MATE WHO JOINED HIM ON THE 7ASHINGTONS FOR A BRIEF SPELL DID PLAY AGAIN THE FOLLOWING YEAR WITH "UFFALO IN THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE BUT THEN RETURNED TO THE "AY !REA AS DID 'EGGUS AND EVENTUALLY -OORE JOINED THEM OUT THERE AND PLAYED SEVERAL SEASONS IN THE #ALIFORNIA ,EAGUE !LL THIS MAKES THE 7ASHINGTON CONTINGENT THE ONLY ONE OF THE FOUR ARTERIES THAT NEVER REALLY MATERIALIZED IN THE MA JORS 4HE 0ROVIDENCE 0HILADELPHIA AND #OLUMBUS ARTERIES IN CONTRAST ALL INVOLVED PLAYERS WHO WERE IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTORS IN THEIR OWN RIGHT FOR MANY YEARS AND HELPED LEAD TO MORE AND MORE YOUNG NORTHERN #ALIFORNIANS MAKING THE RISKY MOVE EAST SO THAT BY THE END OF THE S THERE WAS A STEADY mOW FROM THE 0ACIlC #OAST OF SUCH PLAYERS AS 'EORGE 6AN (ALTREN 0HIL +NELL AND 7ILL "ROWN FOLLOWED BY "ILL ,ANGE HEAVYWEIGHT CHAMP *IM #ORBETTS BROTHER *OE -IKE $ONLIN AND MANY MORE LIKE THEM THAT WOULD BECOME A TORRENT OF TALENT BY THE TIME THE CENTURY TURNED
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4(% 3%!3/.!, 2%#/2$
' 7 , 0CT ( 2 '" !TTENDANCE
#HICAGO 7HITE 3TOCKINGS 0ROVIDENCE 'RAYS "UFFALO "ISONS $ETROIT 7OLVERINES 4ROY 4ROJANS "OSTON 2ED #APS #LEVELAND "LUES 7ORCESTER 7ORCESTERS
#HI 0RO "UF $ET 4RO "OS #LE 7OR 4OT #HICAGO 0ROVIDENCE "UFFALO $ETROIT 4ROY "OSTON #LEVELAND 7ORCESTER
3%!3/. ,%!$%23 "ATTING !VERAGE !"S
3LUGGING !VERAGE
/N "ASE 0ERCENTAGE
!NSON #HICAGO 0OWELL $ETROIT 2OWE "UFFALO 3TART 0ROVIDENCE $UNLAP #LEVELAND
"ROUTHERS "UFFALO !NSON #HICAGO 2OWE "UFFALO "ENNETT $ETROIT $UNLAP #LEVELAND
!NSON #HICAGO 0OWELL $ETROIT 9ORK 0ROVIDENCE "ROUTHERS "UFFALO $UNLAP #LEVELAND
4OTAL "ASES
(OME 2UNS
2")
!NSON #HICAGO $UNLAP #LEVELAND - +ELLY #HICAGO $ALRYMPLE #HICAGO $ICKERSON 7ORCESTER
"ROUTHERS "UFFALO "ENNETT $ETROIT &ARRELL 0ROVIDENCE "URNS #HICAGO , "ROWN $ETROIT $UNLAP #LEVELAND
!NSON #HICAGO "ENNETT $ETROIT - +ELLY #HICAGO 2ICHARDSON "UFFALO $ 7HITE "UFFALO 7ARD 0ROVIDENCE
(ITS
2UNS
"ASES ON "ALLS
!NSON #HICAGO $ALRYMPLE #HICAGO $ICKERSON 7ORCESTER $UNLAP #LEVELAND - +ELLY #HICAGO 3TART 0ROVIDENCE
'ORE #HICAGO - +ELLY #HICAGO $ALRYMPLE #HICAGO /2OURKE "UFFALO &ARRELL 0ROVIDENCE
#LAPP #LEVELAND 9ORK 0ROVIDENCE &ERGUSON 4ROY &ARRELL 0ROVIDENCE 'ORE #HICAGO /2OURKE "UFFALO
3TRIKEOUTS
/03
'ALVIN "UFFALO $ENNY 0ROVIDENCE (ANKINSON 4ROY &LINT #HICAGO "ENNETT $ETROIT
!NSON #HICAGO "ROUTHERS "UFFALO "ENNETT $ETROIT 2OWE "UFFALO 0OWELL $ETROIT
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0)4#().' 7INS
,OSSES
)NNINGS
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"ETWEEN AND THE CLOSE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY NEARLY PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL FRAN CHISES WERE LAUNCHED MORE THAN THREE QUARTERS OF THEM WENT BELLY UP IN TWO YEARS OR LESS AND ONLY LASTED AS LONG AS SIX YEARS 3IX OF THE TEAMS THAT HAD A SIGNIlCANT LIFE SPAN WERE THE SIX ORIGINAL !MERICAN !SSOCIATION ENTRANTS IN #INCINNATI 3T ,OUIS 0HILADELPHIA "ALTI MORE ,OUISVILLE AND 0ITTSBURGH !CTUALLY ALL BUT 0HILADELPHIA SURVIVED AT LEAST UNTIL 4HEY WERE JOINED IN BY "ROOKLYN GIVING THE REBEL !SSOCIATION SEVEN LONG LIVED FRANCHISES WHILE ONLY FOUR OF THE EIGHT .ATIONAL ,EAGUE FRANCHISES THAT SAME SEASON WERE STILL EXTANT BY THE END OF THE S LET ALONE THE S #ONSIDERING THE MULTITUDE OF FAILURES EVEN ON THE MAJOR LEAGUE LEVEL PROFESSIONAL BASEBALLS APPEAL TO INVESTORS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY WAS REMARKABLE 4HE MOST FERTILE PERIOD FOR AT TRACTING ENTREPRENEURS CAME DURING THE TEN YEARS BETWEEN AND WHEN THE UPSTART !SSOCIATION FOUGHT THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE TO THE DEATH FOR THE RIGHT TO COEXIST AS A MAJOR LEAGUE ,ARGELY DUE TO THE !SSOCIATIONS CONTRIBUTIONS THE TEN SEASONS IT WAS ALIVE ARE KNOWN AS BASEBALLS h'OLDEN !GEv 4HE PROFESSIONAL GAME EXPLODED FROM ONE EIGHT TEAM LEAGUE AT THE START OF THE S TO LEAGUES JUST SEVEN YEARS LATER 4HE DECADE ALSO INTRODUCED MUCH OF THE mAVOR THAT THE GAME STILL CONVEYS TODAY )NAUGURATED WERE THE lRST POSTSEASON h7ORLDS 3ERIESv BETWEEN TWO RIVAL MAJOR LEAGUES THE NOTION THAT PRESEASON TRAINING MIGHT BE CONDUCTED MOST PRODUCTIVELY IN THE SUNNY 3OUTH AND INNING BY INNING REPORTS FROM THE 7ESTERN 5NION TELE GRAPH COMPANY ENABLING FANS IN ALL PARKS TO FOLLOW THE PROGRESS OF OTHER GAMES OF INTEREST ON RUDIMENTARY SCOREBOARDS KNOWN THEN AS hBULLETINv BOARDS %VEN THE TERM hFAN v ACCORDING TO ONE THEORY WAS lRST COINED IN BY 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS MANAGER 4ED 3ULLIVAN WHO IN LATER YEARS OFFERED NO FEWER THAN THREE DIFFERENT EXPLANATIONS FOR HOW HE HIT UPON THE WORD TO DEPICT BASEBALL CRAZED SPECTATORS -EANWHILE THE STANDARD EQUIPMENT FOR THE AVERAGE FAN AT A "ROWNS GAME BECAME A STEIN OF BEER A SAUSAGE IN A ROLL AND A SCORECARD WITH HIS FAVORITE "ROWNS PLAYER PICTURED ON THE COVER 4HOUGH .ATIONAL ,EAGUE TEAMS OFFERED THEIR CUSTOMERS SOME OF THESE SAME CONDIMENTS THEIR GAMES BY AND LARGE WERE NOT AS MUCH FUN AND IT WAS THIS DISTINCTION THAT GAVE THE !SSOCIATION ITS STAYING POWER HGM
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#ONmICTS OVER THE CONTROL OF BASEBALL THAT PITTED THE ENTRENCHED .ATIONAL ,EAGUE AGAINST ONE CHALLENGER AFTER ANOTHER WOULD MARK THE COURSE OF THE NATIONAL PASTIME FROM UNTIL AND THE CLIMACTIC SHOWDOWN WITH THE !MERICAN ,EAGUE 4HE lRST WAR CAME WITH THE PLAYER RUN )NTERNATIONAL !SSOCIATION !FTER THE PLAYERS LOST THIS THREE YEAR BATTLE IN WHEN THE 2ESERVE #LAUSE WAS DEVISED SOME lVE YEARS WOULD PASS BEFORE A NEW CHAMPION OF THE RANK AND lLE APPEARED )N THE 5NION !SSOCIATION SURFACED AS A MAJOR LEAGUE EXPRESSLYOR SO ITS PROMOTERS SAIDTO CRUSADE AGAINST THE 2ESERVE #LAUSE 4HOUGH THE 5NION LEADERS WERE CALLED h/NIONSv AND OTHERWISE TREATED PEJORATIVELY BY THE MEDIA THEY SHOOK THE ESTABLISHMENT TO ITS ROOTS WITH THEIR PLAYER RAIDS 4HE 5NION !SSOCIATIONS DEMISE IN *ANUARY AFTER ONLY ONE SEASON WAS LARGELY TRACEABLE TO THE SAME TWO FAILINGS THAT HAD UNDERMINED THE )NTERNATIONAL !S SOCIATIONGLARING COMPETITIVE IMBALANCE AND TOO MANY TEAMS IN SMALL MARKET AREAS 3TILL HOPING TO ESCAPE THE TYRANNY OF THE 2ESERVE #LAUSE THE PLAYERS FORMED THEIR OWN TRADE UNION OR h"ROTHERHOODv THAT SAME YEAR AND IN THEY STRUCK BY FORMING THE 0LAYERS ,EAGUE AND ENGINEERING h"ASEBALLS 'REAT 2EBELLIONv 5SING THE LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE ABORTIVE )N TERNATIONAL !SSOCIATION AND 5NION !SSOCIATION EXPERIMENTS 0LAYERS ,EAGUE FOUNDERS INSTALLED FRANCHISES ONLY IN LARGE POPULATION CENTERS AND TOOK THE PRECAUTION OF ORGANIZING THEM AS STOCK COMPANIES WITH PLAYERS AND INVESTORS EQUAL SHAREHOLDERS .OTWITHSTANDING ITS SEEMINGLY SOLID BASE THE 0LAYERS ,EAGUE WENT THE WAY OF THE )NTERNATIONAL !SSOCIATION AND THE 5NION !SSOCIA TION LASTING ONLY ONE SEASON BEFORE AGREEING TO AN ALMOST UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER 4HE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION SURVIVED TEN TIMES LONGER THAN EITHER OF THE OTHER TWO REBEL FED ERATIONS DURING ITS LIFETIME NOT BECAUSE IT WAS SOUNDER lNANCIALLY OR BECAUSE ITS PROGENITORS HAD GREATER BUSINESS ACUMEN )T ENDURED IF ANYTHING IN SPITE OF THE SHAKY lNANCIAL UNDERPINNINGS AND INEPT BUSINESS PRACTICES OF MANY OF ITS TEAMS )T ENDURED BECAUSE IT OFFERED ACCOUTREMENTS THAT .ATIONAL ,EAGUE TEAMS EITHER COULD NOT OR WOULD NOT GIVE THEIR PATRONS )N THE FULLNESS OF TIME THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION WOULD LEAVE AN IRREVOCABLE STAMP ON THE GAME BY INTRODUCING AFFORDABLE TICKET PRICES FOR THE WORKINGMAN A CAROUSEL ATMOSPHERE AT ITS BALLPARKS AND 3UNDAY GAMES )T WOULD ALSO BRING ABOUT REVOLUTIONARY UMPIRING AND RULE REFORMS ANDFOR A BRIEF WHILE ANYWAYWOULD BE THE ONLY MAJOR LEAGUE FROM ON UNTIL THE ARRIVAL IN OF *ACKIE 2OBINSON TO EMPLOY !FRICAN !MERICAN PLAYERS 7HILE THE FOUNDER OF EVERY OTHER MAJOR LEAGUE IS KNOWN BEYOND ALL DOUBT EXACTLY WHO SIRED THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION WILL PROBABLY ALWAYS REMAIN A MYSTERY 4HE MOST CREDIBLE TALE IS THAT h(USTLING (ORACEv 0HILLIPS THE ORIGINAL MANAGER OF THE 4ROY CLUB IN THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE AND /PIE #AYLOR A #INCINNATI LAWYER AND NEWSPAPERMAN PUT THEIR HEADS TOGETHER IN A 0HILADELPHIA HOTEL ROOM ONE 3EPTEMBER NIGHT IN 0HILLIPS WAS LIVING IN THE #ITY OF "ROTHERLY ,OVE AT THE TIME AND RUNNING THE 0HILADELPHIAS BASEBALL CLUB AND #AYLOR HAD HELPED PUT TOGETHER A
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SEMIPRO TEAM IN #INCINNATI "OTH FOUND IT INTOLERABLE THAT THEIR RESPECTIVE CITIES WERE WITHOUT MAJOR LEAGUE TEAMS AT THE MOMENT AND THEY REALIZED AS THE NIGHT WORE ON THAT THEY WERE OF A SIMILAR MIND IN THEIR THIRST FOR REMEDYING THAT 4HE FOLLOWING MORNING THEY EMBARKED ON A TELEGRAM SCHEME THAT LURED MORE THAN A DOZEN BASEBALL MINDED MEN TO A PRELIMINARY MEET ING IN 0ITTSBURGH ON /CTOBER 3OME THREE WEEKS LATER ON .OVEMBER AT #INCINNATIS 'IBSON (OUSE (OTEL THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION WAS OFlCIALLY BORN 3INCE BEER OR LIQUOR MONEY WAS BEHIND ALL SIX OF ITS FOUNDING TEAMS .ATIONAL ,EAGUE ADHERENTS JEERINGLY DUBBED THE REBEL GROUP h4HE "EER AND 7HISKY ,EAGUEv 4HE ELDER LOOP ALSO TOOK GREAT SOLACE IN THE FACT THAT THE !SSOCIATION CLUB DIRECTORS WERE CUT FROM DECIDEDLY ROUGH CLOTH 4HE 0HILADELPHIA ENTRY AFTER FREEZING OUT 0HILLIPS WAS RUN BY A TRIO THAT INCLUDED SPORTING GOODS SALESMAN "ILL 3HARSIG #HARLIE -ASON AN EX PLAYER AND THE OWNER OF A SALOON AND BOOKIE JOINT AND ,EW 3IMMONS A MINSTREL SHOW PRODUCER AND PERFORMER #HRIS 6ON DER !HE A 0RUSSIAN IMMIGRANT OPERATED A BREWERY IN 3T ,OUIS AND ,OUISVILLE "ALTIMORE #INCINNATI AND THE !LLEGHENY CLUB FROM THE 0ITTSBURGH AREA ALSO WERE RUN BY COALITIONS OF RETAIL MERCHANTS SALOONISTS AND BREWERS "UT IF .ATIONAL ,EAGUE OWNERS VIEWED THEIR !SSOCIATION COUNTERPARTS AS D£CLASS£ THEY COULD NOT DISMISS THE !SSOCIATIONS PERFORMANCE ONCE ITS TEAMS ACTUALLY STARTED PLAY )N THE !S SOCIATION BECAME THE lRST PROFESSIONAL LEAGUE MAJOR OR MINOR TO BOAST OF HAVING PLAYED A FULL SCHEDULE IN ITS INITIAL SEASON WITHOUT ANY FRANCHISE TRANSFERS OR CASUALTIES %VEN MORE TO THE MARK THE !SSOCIATION WAS A SPARKLING SUCCESS AT THE BOX OFlCE AS ALL SIX OF ITS TEAMS MADE MONEY AND IN THE PROCESS HAD A HIGHER COMBINED ATTENDANCE THAN THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUES EIGHT TEAMS 5NIFORMLY ARROGANT AND MILITANT JUST A FEW MONTHS EARLIER SEVERAL ,EAGUE OWNERS NOW WERE READY TO CAPITULATE TO THE !SSOCIATION /THERS SIMPLY WANTED PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE 7ISER HEADS LIKE #HICAGOS !L 3PALDING COUNSELED THAT THE LONG VIEW DICTATED THE ,EAGUE OFFER THE !S SOCIATION AN OLIVE BRANCH IN ONE HAND WHILE KEEPING THE OTHER BEHIND ITS BACK
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"EFORE COMMENCING OPERATIONS AS A RIVAL MAJOR LEAGUE THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION HAD ELECTED TO ADOPT A DIFFERENT RULEBOOK THAN THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE 4HE TWO CIRCUITS WOULD REMAIN AT VARIANCE UNTIL !MONG THE MORE SIGNIlCANT POINTS OF DEPARTURE IN WERE THAT THE !SSOCIATION CONDONED THE SALE OF LIQUOR IN ITS MEMBER PARKS AND SCHEDULED GAMES ON 3UNDAYS IN CITIES WHERE PERMITTED BY LAW 4HE !SSOCIATION ALSO ALLOWED ITS MEMBER CLUBS TO SET THEIR OWN MINI MUM AND MAXIMUM ADMISSION PRICES AND ESPOUSED A DIFFERENT BALL &OR ITS lRST OFlCIAL BALL THE !SSOCIATION CHOSE THE -AHN BALL THE SAME BRAND THE ,EAGUE HAD USED PRIOR TO ADOPTING THE 3PALDING BALL IN 4HE !SSOCIATION LATER DECIDED THE -AHN BALL WAS INFERIOR AND CHANGED TO A BALL MADE BY !L 2EACH AN EARLY DAY PLAYER TURNED SPORTING GOODS MAGNATE WHO WAS ALSO GIVEN THE TASK OF ISSU ING THE !SSOCIATIONS ANNUAL GUIDE "UT WHILE THE -AHN BALL AT LEAST SURVIVED THE SEASON SEVERAL OF THE !SSOCIATIONS QUARRELS WITH TRADITION WERE SCRAPPED ALMOST BEFORE THEY GOT OFF THE LAUNCHING PAD 0RIMARY AMONG THEM WAS A SHAMEFACED DECISION TO RESPOND TO THREATS OF LEGAL AND ECONOMIC RETALIATION FROM ,EAGUE MOGULS BY RETRACTING A .OVEMBER PLEDGE TO REIN STATE PLAYERS SUCH AS #HARLEY *ONES AND *OE 'ERHARDT WHOM THE ,EAGUE FOR VARIOUS REASONS HAD BLACKLISTED ! SECOND !SSOCIATION DEVIATION THAT SUFFERED A QUICK DEATH WAS THE NOTION OF ADORN ING ALL SIX OF ITS TEAMS IN IDENTICAL MULTIHUED SILK UNIFORMS WITH EACH PLAYERS BLOUSE COLOR COR RESPONDING TO HIS POSITION 4HE ,EAGUE FEARING THAT THIS INNOVATION HOWEVER BIZARRE IT SEEMED MIGHT GET A POSITIVE RECEPTION FROM THE PUBLIC ALSO VOTED TO ADOPT COLOR CODED UNIFORMS AT ITS ANNUAL MEETING IN #HICAGO ON $ECEMBER THE LAST SESSION OVER WHICH 7ILLIAM (ULBERT PRESIDED BEFORE HIS DEATH ON !PRIL 4HE UNIFORM EXPERIMENT ENDED ABRUPTLY AFTER A STRING OF COMICAL ON lELD INCIDENTS MADE IT APPARENT THAT FANS AND PLAYERS ALIKE WERE TOO OFTEN CONFUSED ABOUT WHO WAS FRIEND AND WHO WAS FOE (AVING BEEN BURNED ONCE ,EAGUE MOGULS REVERTED TO A WATCH AND WAIT POLICY IN EARLY *ULY
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WHEN THE !SSOCIATION BROKE WITH THE TRADITION OF ALLOWING THE HOME TEAM TO PICK THE UMPIRE FOR EACH GAME AND SELECTED THREE MEN WHO HAD NO AFlLIATIONS WITH ANY PARTICULAR TEAM TO SERVE AS FULL TIME SALARIED UMPIRES FOR THE REST OF THE SEASON 2EALIZING THIS WAS AN INNOVATION THAT WOULD HEIGHTEN BOTH THE STATUS AND THE STANDARD OF OFlCIATING THE ,EAGUE PROMPTLY COPIED ITS JUNIOR AND WITHIN A FEW YEARS ALL PROFESSIONAL LEAGUES HAD JOINED IN HIRING A STAFF OF UMPIRES PRIOR TO EACH SEASON )N THE QUALITY OF PLAY ITS TEAMS EXHIBITED THE !SSOCIATION WAS NOT NEARLY SO PRECOCIOUS IN ITS lRST SEASON 4HE #INCINNATI 2ED 3TOCKINGS PILOTED BY CATCHER 0OP 3NYDER THE LONE ESTAB LISHED PLAYER TO ABANDON THE ,EAGUE AND SIGN WITH A REBEL !SSOCIATION TEAM FEATURED THREE REGULARS FROM THE #INCINNATI TEAM THAT HAD BEEN EXPELLED BY THE ,EAGUE AND EIGHT OF THE CLUBS OTHER PERFORMERS INCLUDING 3NYDER HAD PREVIOUS MAJOR LEAGUE EXPERIENCE !S A RESULT #INCINNATI DESPITE A DISPIRITING RASH OF PRESEASON INJURIES AND THRASHINGS BY ,EAGUE TEAMS IN EXHIBITION GAMES SWIFTLY GOT ON TRACK ONCE THE OPENING BELL RANG "Y THE END OF *UNE THE 2ED
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\Wceki \_hiji ___ &ROM UNTIL THE CLOSE OF THE SEASON PLAYERS IN THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION OPERATED UNDER A DIFFERENT SET OF RULES THAN THEIR .ATIONAL ,EAGUE ELDERS ! FASCINATING AND FAR REACHING APPLICATION OF ONE OF THE RULE DIFFERENCES OCCURRED IN THE !SSOCIATIONS lRST NO HIT GAME ON 3EPTEMBER 7ITH #INCINNATI ON THE VERGE OF CLINCHING THE lRST !SSOCIATION PENNANT AND EXPECTANT 1UEEN #ITY FANS ON HAND 4ONY -ULLANE OF ,OUISVILLE PUT UP A MOMENTARY ROADBLOCK BY HOLDING THE 2ED 3TOCKINGS HITLESS WHILE BLANKING THEM 5NEVENTFUL AS THE BOX SCORE MAKES -ULLANES NO HITTER SEEM IT WAS NEARLY LOST AT THE LAST TURN !FTER -ULLANE RETIRED THE lRST TWO #INCINNATI HITTERS IN THE TH MOST OF THE CROWD STARTED TOWARD THE EXITS WHEN 0OP 3NYDER LIFTED AN EASY mY TO *OHN 2ECCIUS IN CENTER lELD 2ECCIUS RETURNED EVERYONE TO HIS SEAT HOWEVER BY MUFlNG THE BALL 0ERCHED ON lRST BASE 3NYDER THEN TRIED TO RATTLE -ULLANE AS HE HAD DONE THE ENTIRE GAME BY COMPLAINING TO UMPIRE -IKE 7ALSH THAT -ULLANE WAS BRINGING HIS ARM ABOVE HIS SHOULDER ILLEGALLY AS HE DELIVERED THE BALL TO THE PLATE 7ALSH WOULD HAVE NONE OF IT THOUGH NOR WOULD -ULLANE +EEPING HIS COOL THE ,OUISVILLE ACE PRESERVED HIS NO HITTER BY INDUC ING $AN 3TEARNS THE POTENTIAL TYING RUN TO HIT A BOUNCER THAT FORCED 3NYDER AT SECOND BASE !MONG THE %CLIPSE PLAYERS WHO MOBBED -ULLANE TO CONGRATULATE HIM ON THE lRST !SSOCIATION NO HITTER WAS 0ETE "ROWNING HIMSELF THE PERPETRATOR JUST MINUTES EARLIER OF AN !SSOCIATION lRST THAT WOULD IN THE FULL SCHEME OF THINGS HAVE WIDER IMPLICATIONS THAN -ULLANES )N THE TH INNING "ROWNING HAD BECOME THE lRST AND QUITE PROBABLY THE ONLY !SSOCIATION PLAYER TO REACH BASE SAFELY AFTER SINGLING AND YET NOT BE CREDITED WITH A HIT BECAUSE HE WAS RULED OUT FOR BEING AN ILLEGAL BASE RUNNER ,OSING THAT HIT WOULD COST "ROWNING DEARLY WE WILL LEARN BUT HERE lRST IS HOW IT HAPPENED "Y THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE HAD ELIMINATED SUBSTITUTE RUNNERS FOR INJURED PLAYERS BUT THE !MERI CAN !SSOCIATION STILL ALLOWED THEM IF BOTH CAPTAINS CONSENTED TO IT 0RIOR TO -ULLANES NO HIT GAME 3NYDER #INCINNATIS CAPTAIN HAD AGREED TO ,OUISVILLE CAPTAIN $ENNY -ACKS PLEA TO LET 'UY (ECKER RUN FOR "ROWNING WHO HAD A PULLED LEG MUSCLE #ONSEQUENTLY EACH TIME "ROWNING CAME TO BAT (ECKER STOOD BEHIND HIM AND BEHIND HOME PLATE POISED TO RUN AS SOON AS THE BALL WAS STRUCK 5NTIL THE TH INNING 7ILL 7HITE HELD "ROWNING HITLESS BUT THEN IN HIS lNAL AT BAT THE !SSOCIATIONS TOP HITTER IN LINED SHARPLY TO RIGHT lELD &ORGETTING THE SITUATION IN HIS EXCITEMENT "ROWNING BOLTED OUT OF THE BATTERS BOX AND (ECKER PERPLEXED STOPPED RUNNING !FTER "ROWNING REACHED BASE SAFELY AND THE BALL WAS RETURNED TO THE PITCHERS BOX 3NYDER SIGNALED 7HITE TO THROW IT TO lRST BASEMAN 3TEARNS /NCE 3TEARNS TAGGED THE BAG 7ALSH CALLED "ROWNING OUT RULING THAT (ECKER WAS THE PROPER BASE RUNNER 4HE LOST HIT HAD NO BEARING ON EITHER THE GAME OR THE !SSOCIATION BATTING RACE "ROWNING WON BY POINTS WITH A AVERAGE FOR INSTEAD OF THE HE OUGHT TO HAVE HIT 4HAT LOST HIT WAS COSTLY THOUGH IN A MORE IMPORTANT RESPECT "ROWNINGS CAREER BATTING AVERAGE IS 2ESTORING THAT LOST HIT WOULD HIKE IT TO WHICH ROUNDS OFF TO AND WOULD TIE "ROWNING WITH $AN "ROUTHERS FOR THE HIGHEST CAREER BATTING AVERAGE AMONG PLAYERS ACTIVE PRIMARILY BEFORE WHEN THE PITCHING DISTANCE WAS LENGTHENED )F "ROWNING SHARED NOW IN THAT DISTINCTION WOULD IT MATTER TO ENOUGH OF THE PEOPLE
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WHO CONTROL WHICH PLAYERS GET INTO THE (ALL OF &AME 0ROBABLY NOT !CTUALLY "ROWNINGS AVER AGE WAS CARRIED FOR YEARS AS FOR AND IN EARLY EDITIONS OF THE -ACMILLAN ENCYCLOPEDIA HE AND "ROUTHERS BOTH HAD CAREER MARKS "EING TIED WITH "ROUTHERS DIDNT HELP HIM MAKE THE (ALL OF &AME THEN AND IT WOULDNT NOW BUT THAT LOST HIT MATTERS NONETHELESS %VERY LOST HIT MAT TERS !SK *ERRY 'OFF THE (OUSTON !STROS CATCHER WHO LOST A GAME WINNING HIT TO AN EQUALLY BIZARRE UMPIRES INTERPRETATION OF THE RULES ON *ULY 7ITH THE SCORE TIED THE BASES FULL AND ONE OUT IN THE BOTTOM OF THE TH INNING 'OFF LINED A HIT TO CENTER lELD WINNING THE GAME (OWEVER WHEN 3AN $IEGO CENTERlELDER 3TEVE &INLEY RImED THE BALL TO SECOND BASE THE UMPIRE THERE SIGNALED A FORCE OUT EVEN THOUGH THE WINNING RUN HAD ALREADY CROSSED THE PLATE AND THE OUT MEANT NOTHING 3URELY 'OFF WOULD ANSWER THAT ON 3EPTEMBER 0ETE "ROWNING DESERVED A SINGLE IN THE TH INNING END OF ARGUMENT
3TOCKINGS HAD SLIPPED PAST THE 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS AND GRABBED lRST PLACE AT #INCINNATI THEN WENT ON A TEAR PLAYING BALL OVER THE REMAINING GAMES TO WIN THE lRST !SSOCIATION PENNANT BY A WHOPPING AND A HALF LENGTHS 4HE ,EAGUE RACE IN SHARP CONTRAST WAS A DOGlGHT UNTIL THE LAST WEEK .O FEWER THAN SIX OF THE EIGHT SENIOR LOOP TEAMS lNISHED ABOVE AND 4ROY IN SEVENTH PLACE HAD A RESPECTABLE WINNING PERCENTAGE DESPITE UNDERGOING A GAME LOSING STREAK /NLY LAST PLACE 7ORCESTER DE STROYED THE BENCHMARK PARITY THE ,EAGUE HAD PARADED THE PREVIOUS YEAR 7HEN "UTTERCUP $ICKERSON 7ORCESTERS BEST HITTER IN WAS BLACKLISTED FOR CHRONIC DRUNKENNESS AND $OC "USHONG BATTED AWFUL EVEN FOR A CATCHER THE -ASSACHUSETTS CLUB GOT OFF TO A START UNDER &REEMAN "ROWN FORMERLY THE CLUBS SECRETARY TREASURER AND NEVER RECOVERED 7ORCESTERS WINNING PERCENTAGE WAS THE POOREST OF ANY MAJOR LEAGUE TEAMS SINCE !T THE OPPOSITE END OF THE LADDER #HICAGO AND 0ROVI DENCE GRADUALLY DREW AWAY FROM THE PACK AND BY ,ABOR $AY THE RACE HAD BECOME A TWO TEAM lGHT 3EEKING THEIR THIRD STRAIGHT mAG THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS MADE ONLY ONE CHANGE IN THE BATTING ORDER THAT HAD PRODUCED MORE
! COLLAGE OF THE "UFFALO "ISONS #LOCKWISE FROM TOP (ARDY 2ICHARDSON $AVY &ORCE 0UD 'ALVIN $EACON 7HITE "LONDIE 0URCELL 4OM $OLAN *ACK 2OWE AND #URRY &OLEY #ENTER CLOCKWISE FROM TOP *IM /2OURKE $AN "ROUTHERS AND (UGH h/NE !RMv $AILY 2ICHARDSON 7HITE 2OWE AND "ROUTHERS GAINED RENOWN AS THE SECOND h"IG &OURv THREE YEARS LATER WHEN THEY WERE PACKAGED AND SOLD TO $ETROIT AFTER THE "UFFALO FRANCHISE SLID INTO BANKRUPTCY &ORCES CAREER PATH IS AN ALMOST PERFECT REmECTION OF HOW MUCH THE STYLE OF PLAY HAD CHANGED BY THE TIME THE .! GAVE WAY TO THE ., )N HIS lVE .! SEASONS &ORCE AVERAGED BEGINNING IN HIS CAREER "! FELL PRECIPITOUSLY ALMOST EVERY YEAR THEREAFTER AS HE AVERAGED JUST IN HIS ., SEASONS
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_hed cWd m^_j_d] )N ROOKIE %D 7HITING WAS BEHIND THE PLATE IN OF "ALTIMORES GAMES AND PLAYED THE OUT lELD IN THE /RIOLES OTHER TWO CONTESTS )MPRESSIVE AS HIS hIRON MANv CATCHING PERFORMANCE WAS IT WAS NOT WITHOUT PRECEDENT *UST THREE YEARS EARLIER ON *UNE *OHN #LAPP OF "UFFALO HAD ENDED A RECORD SETTING SKEIN OF CONSECUTIVE GAMES PLAYED MOST OF THEM BEHIND THE BAT 4HE FOLLOWING SEASON %MIL 'ROSS CAUGHT EVERY INNING OF EVERY GAME FOR 0ROVIDENCE AND WAS ALSO THE ONLY 'RAY TO PLAY IN ALL OF HIS TEAMS CHAMPIONSHIP CONTESTS 7HILE 7HITINGS PERFORMANCE IN WAS NOT AS SUSTAINED AS #LAPPS OR 'ROSSS HE ACCOM PLISHED SOMETHING THAT WAS DONE ONLY ONCE THEREAFTER IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY )N THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATIONS INAUGURAL SEASON 7HITING BECAME THE NEXT TO LAST CATCHER IN THE S TO LEAD HIS TEAM IN AT BATS 0REVIOUSLY A FAIR NUMBER OF CATCHERS HAD LED IN AT BATS AND THERE WERE EVEN INSTANC ES IN THE .ATIONAL !SSOCIATIONS EARLY YEARS WHEN A PITCHER LED HIS TEAM IN AT BATS )N HOWEVER THE SCHEDULE IN BOTH MAJOR LEAGUES WAS EXPANDED TO GAMES AND BY TEAMS IN BOTH CIRCUITS WERE PLAYING GAMES &OR THE REMAINDER OF THE S WITH A COUPLE OF NOTABLE EXCEPTIONS CATCHERS SELDOM WORKED MORE THAN TWO THIRDS OF THE TIME AND THAT REMAINED TRUE UNTIL FAIRLY LATE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY .OT UNTIL DID A TWENTIETH CENTURY CATCHER &RANKIE (AYES WHO TIED AN ALL TIME RECORD BY CATCHING EVERY INNING THAT SEASON SUCCEED IN LEADING HIS TEAM THE 0HILADELPHIA !S IN AT BATS ! LIST OF NINETEENTH CENTURY CATCHERS AND PITCHERS WHO LED THEIR TEAMS IN AT BATS EXCLUDING THOSE WHO PLAYED lVE OR MORE FULL GAMES AT OTHER POSITIONS OR WERE ON TEAMS THAT FAILED TO PLAY A COM PLETE SEASON IS SHOWN BELOW
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INNINGS #HICAGO PLAYED )N THE BURDEN WAS SO EVENLY SHARED THAT 'OLDSMITH COLLARED WINS AND #ORCORAN BUT #HICAGO WAS NO LONGER ALONE IN REALIZING THE GAME HAD CHANGED TO A POINT WHERE A TEAM NOW NEEDED TWO FRONTLINE PITCHERS "OTH 0ROVIDENCE AND "OSTON VERY NARROWLY MISSED ALSO HAVING A PAIR OF GAME WINNERS AND ONLY #LEVELAND AND 7ORCESTER STILL RELIED ALMOST ENTIRELY ON ONE ARM 0ROVIDENCES ACE WAS NOW #HARLEY 2ADBOURN WHOSE WINS IN WERE SECOND IN THE ,EAGUE ONLY TO THE *IM -C#ORMICK RACKED UP FOR #LEVELAND "UT AS IN NEGLIGIBLE OFFEN SIVE CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THEIR SHORTSTOP DOOMED THE 'RAYS 3TILL EVEN WITH 'EORGE 7RIGHT HITTING AFTER COMING OUT OF RETIREMENT IN MID *UNE 0ROVIDENCE lNISHED JUST THREE GAMES BEHIND #HICAGO AND MIGHT HAVE WON OUT BUT FOR A CRUCIAL LATE SEASON LOSS TO THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS ON 7RIGHTS TWO RUN THROWING ERROR 4HE 'RAYS ARGUED THOUGH THAT WHAT REALLY DOOMED THEM WAS A CONTROVERSIAL SCHEDULE CHANGE THAT SWITCHED THE lNAL THREE GAMES OF THE SEASON BETWEEN "UF FALO AND #HICAGO FROM THE "ISONS HOME PARK TO THE 7INDY #ITY &ACED WITH A STORM OF PROTEST FROM THE 2HODE )SLAND CAPITAL !L 3PALDING WHO HAD ASSUMED THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS PRESIDENCY UPON (ULBERTS DEATH WILTED AND AGREED TO LAUNCH A BEST OF POSTSEASON SERIES IN 0ROVIDENCE WITH THE WINNER DECLARED THE UNDISPUTED ,EAGUE CHAMPION &IRST HOWEVER #HICAGO JOURNEYED TO #INCINNATI FOR TWO GAMES WITH THE !SSOCIATION CHAMPION 2ED 3TOCKINGS 4HE PAIR OF CLASHES WERE THE lRST IN HISTORY BETWEEN PENNANT WIN NERS FROM RIVAL MAJOR LEAGUES AND RESULTED IN AN INCONCLUSIVE SPLIT #AP !NSON PERHAPS OVERCONlDENT LEFT +ELLY BEHIND IN .EW 9ORK WHERE THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS HAD lNISHED THEIR REGULAR SEASON SCHEDULE TWO DAYS EARLIER AND PUT #ORCORAN AT SHORT IN THE OPENER !FTER LOSING TO 7ILL 7HITE !NSON SENT #ORCORAN TO THE BOX THE FOLLOWING AFTERNOON AND GOT A MEASURE OF REVENGE WHEN TWO UNEARNED RUNS IN THE lRST IN NING WAS ALL THE CUSHION #ORCORAN NEEDED IN BLANKING 7HITE #ONTRARY TO THE POPULAR TALE THAT !SSOCIATION PRESIDENT $ENNY -C+NIGHT HALTED THE INTER LEAGUE AFFAIR BY THREATEN ING TO EXPEL #INCINNATI IF IT CONTINUED THERE WAS NEVER A PLAN TO PLAY MORE THAN TWO GAMES .EWSPAPER ACCOUNTS IN FACT BEWAILED THE IMPOSSIBILITY OF PLAYING A RUBBER GAME BECAUSE BOTH TEAMS HAD OTHER COMMITMENTS
/ 0 h/PIEv #AYLOR %NEMIES AND THERE WERE MANY SAID HIS INITIALS STOOD FOR /FFENSIVE 0ARTISAN &ELLOW #INCINNATI BASEBALL ORGANIZER *USTUS 4HORNER DESCRIBED HIM AS LOOKING hLIKE A ROTTEN TOMATO ON THE END OF A CORN STALKv #AYLOR DIED IN IN -INNESOTA AMONG STRANGERS AFTER LEAVING HIS WIFE AND CHILDREN BEHIND IN .EW 9ORK IN A VALIANT BUT HOPELESS BID TO RECOVER FROM CONSUMPTION !T HIS FUNERAL 0HILLIES OWNER *OHN ) 2OGERS EULOGIZED h4HOSE WHO lRST MET HIM WONDERED AT HIS FRAIL AND DIMINUTIVE BODY WHICH CASKETED THE INTELLECT OF A GIANTv (ENRY #HADWICK ALSO GAVE A LONG EULOGY FOR #AYLOR ONE OF THE FOUNDERS OF THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION AND THE WRITER WHO WAS AT ONCE DESPISED REVERED FEARED AND ADMIRED BUT NEVER BORING )T IS ONE OF THE GREAT BASEBALL SHAMES THAT #AYLORS WRITINGS ON THE GAME REMAIN UNCOLLECTED
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4HE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS SEEMINGLY WERE AT FULL STRENGTH FOR THEIR BATTLE WITH 0ROVIDENCE BUT THE lRST THREE GAMES OF THE POSTSEASON MATCH AROUSED SUSPICION 7HEN !NSON UNACCOUNTABLY PLAYED SEVERAL OF HIS REGULARS OUT OF POSITION AND #HICAGO FELL BEHIND IN THE SERIES MANY OBSERVERS ACCUSED THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS OF TRYING TO PROLONG THE AFFAIR IN ORDER TO MAXIMIZE GATE RECEIPTS !FTER #HICAGO EVENED THE FRAY AT ALL THE RESULTS SEEMED TO SUPPORT SKEPTICS ! SLAUGHTER OF THE 'RAYS IN THE NINTH AND DECIDING GAME ON /CTOBER AT &ORT 7AYNE )NDIANA BROUGHT THE SERIES TO A MERCIFUL IF UNSAVORY END AND MADE THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS THE lRST TEAM TO CLAIM THREE STRAIGHT ,EAGUE CHAMPIONSHIPS 4HE PREVIOUS DAY /CTOBER AT ITS SEASON ENDING MEETING THE !SSOCIATION HAD EXPANDED TO EIGHT TEAMS FOR THE SEASON BY ENLISTING #OLUMBUS AS A SOP TO (ORACE 0HILLIPS WHOSE PROPOSED 0HILADELPHIA ENTRY HAD BEEN FROZEN OUT OF THE ORIGINAL LOOP SETUP AND THE .EW 9ORK -ETROPOLITANS FOR SEVERAL YEARS ONE OF THE STRONGEST INDEPENDENT TEAMS IN THE COUNTRY .OW THAT (ULBERT WAS DEAD THE ,EAGUE WAS NO LONGER SLAVE TO HIS BIAS AGAINST THE NATIONS TWO LARG EST CITIES .EW 9ORK AND 0HILADELPHIA DATING BACK TO THEIR EXPULSION IN !NTICIPATING THE !SSOCIATIONS MOVE ACTING ,EAGUE PRESIDENT !RTHUR 3ODEN FOUGHT TO PUT NEW FRANCHISES IN .EW 9ORK AND 0HILADELPHIA NEAR THE CLOSE OF THE SEASON BY JETTISONING TH PLACE 4ROY AND LAST PLACE 7ORCESTER 4HOUGH THE ,EAGUES TWO SMALLEST CITIES VIOLENTLY PROTESTED THEIR OUSTER THEIR CAUSE GOT LITTLE SYMPATHY WHEN lNAL ATTENDANCE lGURES REVEALED THEY DREW FEWER THAN COMBINED IN CAPPED BY hCROWDSv OF SIX AND RESPECTIVELY IN THE TWO CONCLUDING GAMES OF THEIR ,EAGUE TENURE AGAINST ONE ANOTHER AT 7ORCESTER
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" 3TART 0ROVIDENCE "ROUTHERS "UFFALO 0HILLIPS #LEVELAND
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33 0FEFFER 4ROY 'LASSCOCK #LEVELAND 7ISE "OSTON
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" 0HILLIPS #LEVELAND 3TART 0ROVIDENCE !NSON #HICAGO
!NSON #HICAGO 0OWELL $ETROIT -ORRILL "OSTON
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" $UNLAP #LEVELAND #REAMER 7ORCESTER *ACK &ARRELL 0ROVIDENCE
*ACK &ARRELL 0ROVIDENCE 2ICHARDSON "UFFALO $UNLAP #LEVELAND
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" 7ILLIAMSON #HICAGO -ULDOON #LEVELAND %WING 4ROY
$ENNY 0ROVIDENCE )RWIN 7ORCESTER 7ILLIAMSON #HICAGO
$ENNY 0ROVIDENCE 7ILLIAMSON #HICAGO -ULDOON #LEVELAND
33 'LASSCOCK #LEVELAND 0FEFFER 4ROY 7RIGHT 0ROVIDENCE
0FEFFER 4ROY 7ISE "OSTON 'LASSCOCK #LEVELAND
0FEFFER 4ROY 'LASSCOCK #LEVELAND &ORCE "UFFALO
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'ORE #HICAGO (ANLON $ETROIT (INES 0ROVIDENCE
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0URCELL "UFFALO 'ILLESPIE 4ROY $ALRYMPLE #HICAGO
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#& (ANLON $ETROIT 'ORE #HICAGO (OTALING "OSTON ,& 7OOD $ETROIT %STERBROOK #LEVELAND $ALRYMPLE #HICAGO (ORNUNG "OSTON
# (OLBERT 4ROY "USHONG 7ORCESTER "ENNETT $ETROIT "ENNETT $ETROIT (OLBERT 4ROY $EASLEY "OSTON "USHONG 7ORCESTER "RIODY #LEVELAND 'ILLIGAN 0ROVIDENCE 'ILLIGAN 0ROVIDENCE &LINT #HICAGO ,EADERS IN 0ASSED "ALLS "RIODY #LEVELAND &LINT #HICAGO "USHONG 7ORCESTER 0 "RADLEY #LEVELAND +EEFE 4ROY 7ELCH 4ROY 7ARD 0ROVIDENCE
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0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! &ARRELL " $ENNY " 3TART " (INES #& 9ORK ,& 2ADBOURN 0 h 2& 'ILLIGAN # 7ARD 2& h 0 7RIGHT 33 .AVA # -ANNING 33 7HITNEY 33 #ARROLL 2&
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"-ORRILL 7HITNEY "UFlNTON (ORNUNG ""URDOCK -ORRILL 337ISE 2OWEN 3UTTON -ORRILL -ATHEWS $EASLEY "3UTTON 7ISE 2OWEN -ORRILL /&(OTALING (ORNUNG 2OWEN $EASLEY -ATHEWS 7HITNEY "UFlNTON -C#LURE -ORRILL #$EASLEY 2OWEN 07HITNEY -ATHEWS "UFlNTON -ORRILL
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! (ORNUNG ,& (OTALING #& "URDOCK " 3UTTON " -ORRILL " 7ISE 33 $EASLEY # h 2& 7HITNEY 0 2OWEN 2& h # -ATHEWS 0 h 2&
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' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! 70 (2 *IM -C#ORMICK 'EORGE "RADLEY $AVE 2OWE
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!-%2)#!. !33/#)!4)/. ' 7 , 0CT ( 2 '" !TTENDANCE #INCINNATI 2ED 3TOCKINGS 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS ,OUISVILLE %CLIPSE 0ITTSBURGH !LLEGHENYS 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS "ALTIMORE /RIOLES
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3%!3/. ,%!$%23
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/N "ASE 0ERCENTAGE
"ROWNING ,OUISVILLE #ARPENTER #INCINNATI 3WARTWOOD 0ITTSBURGH /"RIEN 0HILADELPHIA 7OLF ,OUISVILLE
"ROWNING ,OUISVILLE 3WARTWOOD 0ITTSBURGH #ARPENTER #INCINNATI /"RIEN 0HILADELPHIA 3OMMER #INCINNATI
"ROWNING ,OUISVILLE 3WARTWOOD 0ITTSBURGH 4AYLOR 0ITTSBURGH - -ANSELL 0ITTSBURGH #ARPENTER #INCINNATI
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(OME 2UNS
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7ALKER 3T ,OUIS "ROWNING ,OUISVILLE 3WARTWOOD 0ITTSBURGH &OUR WITH
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#ARPENTER #INCINNATI "ROWNING ,OUISVILLE 3WARTWOOD 0ITTSBURGH 3OMMER #INCINNATI " 'LEASON 3T ,OUIS
* 'LEASON 3T ,OUIS "ROWNING ,OUISVILLE 3OMMER #INCINNATI * 2ECCIUS ,OUISVILLE 3WARTWOOD 0ITTSBURGH
"ROWNING ,OUISVILLE 3WARTWOOD 0ITTSBURGH #ARPENTER #INCINNATI /"RIEN 0HILADELPHIA 4AYLOR 0ITTSBURGH
7INS
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7 7HITE #INCINNATI -ULLANE ,OUISVILLE 7EAVER 0HILADELPHIA -C'INNIS 3T ,OUIS 3ALISBURY 0ITTSBURGH
,ANDIS 0HILA "ALTIMORE -ULLANE ,OUISVILLE 3ALISBURY 0ITTSBURGH -C'INNIS 3T ,OUIS 7EAVER 0HILADELPHIA
7 7HITE #INCINNATI -ULLANE ,OUISVILLE -C'INNIS 3T ,OUIS 7EAVER 0HILADELPHIA ,ANDIS 0HILA "ALTIMORE
#OMPLETE 'AMES
3TRIKEOUTS
7INNING 0ERCENTAGE DECISIONS
7 7HITE #INCINNATI -ULLANE ,OUISVILLE -C'INNIS 3T ,OUIS 7EAVER 0HILADELPHIA 3ALISBURY 0ITTSBURGH
-ULLANE ,OUISVILLE 3ALISBURY 0ITTSBURGH -C'INNIS 3T ,OUIS 7 7HITE #INCINNATI 7EAVER 0HILADELPHIA
7 7HITE #INCINNATI 7EAVER 0HILADELPHIA $RISCOLL 0ITTSBURGH -C'INNIS 3T ,OUIS ( -C#ORMICK #INCINNATI
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/N 3ATURDAY &EBRUARY AT THE &IFTH !VENUE (OTEL IN .EW 9ORK THREE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE AND THREE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION DELEGATES MET FACE TO FACE FOR THE lRST TIME IN AN AT TEMPT TO RESOLVE THEIR DIFFERENCES .EWLY ELECTED PRESIDENT !BRAHAM -ILLS WAS THE ,EAGUES CHIEF SPOKESMAN WHILE /PIE #AYLOR #INCINNATIS CLUB SECRETARY AND ONE OF THE !SSOCIATIONS FOUND ERS GRABBED THE mOOR MOST OFTEN FOR THE UPSTART LOOP /UT OF THAT CONFABULATION BETWEEN THE TWO WARY SOLONS CAME A TEMPORARY AGREEMENT TO RAISE THE RESERVE RULE TO MEN PER TEAM AND TO HONOR EACH OTHERS CONTRACTS AND BLACKLISTS "UT WHILE THE PEACE OVERTURE COMPELLED !SSOCIATION PRESIDENT $ENNY -C+NIGHT TO LIFT HIS BAN AGAINST PLAYING INTER LEAGUE EXHIBITION GAMES THE TWO WARRIORS REMAINED AT ODDS OVER THE RULES UNDER WHICH SUCH GAMES SHOULD BE PLAYED 7HILE THE ,EAGUE IN RESURRECTED ITS RULE THAT A FOUL BALL HAD TO BE CAUGHT ON THE mY BEFORE A BATTER COULD BE RETIRED THE !SSOCIATION CONTINUED TO ABIDE BY THE ARCHAIC ONE BOUNCE OUT RULE "EGINNING IN THE ,EAGUE CUT AN OTHER LINK TO THE PAST BY ALLOWING ITS UMPIRES TO CALL FOR A NEW BALL AT ANY TIME BUT THE !SSOCIA TION STILL REQUIRED AN UMPIRE TO WAIT UNTIL THE CLOSE OF A COMPLETE INNING BEFORE REPLACING A BALL THAT WAS DAMAGED OR WATERLOGGED 4HERE WERE OTHER SMALLER DIFFERENCES TOO AND IT REMAINED TO BE SEEN WHICH SET OF RULES WOULD PREVAIL WHEN THE TWO RIVALS MET ON THE PLAYING lELD !CTION COMMENCED IN EARNEST IN BOTH CIRCUITS ON -AY #INCINNATI AGAIN APPEARED TO BE THE TEAM TO BEAT IN THE !SSOCIATION AFTER SHORING UP WEAKNESSES AT CENTER lELD AND lRST BASE BY EN LISTING 0OP #ORKHILL AND ,ONG *OHN 2EILLY 3T ,OUIS ALSO LOOKED MUCH IMPROVED HAVING PILFERED THE MULTITALENTED 4ONY -ULLANE FROM ,OUISVILLE TO JOIN WORKHORSE *UMBO -C'INNIS IN THE BOX AND THE 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS WERE THE !SSOCIATIONS MOST ALTERED TEAM AFTER CORNERING VETERAN ,EAGUE PERFORMERS (ARRY 3TOVEY ,ON +NIGHT 'EORGE "RADLEY AND "OBBY -ATHEWS )N CONTRAST THE #HICAGO 7HITE 3TOCKINGS SUFFERED THE FEWEST CHANGES OF ANY NINE IN THE MA JORS 'IVEN NO REASON TO STIR THE MIX THAT HAD BROUGHT HIM THREE STRAIGHT ,EAGUE PENNANTS #AP !NSON KEPT ALL BUT ONE OF HIS REGULAR CAST ,IGHT HITTING (UGH .ICOL WAS TOLD TO HJ O
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SEEK EMPLOYMENT ELSEWHERE AND -IKE +ELLY WAS RETURNED TO RIGHT lELD AND 4OM "URNS TO SHORTSTOP MAKING WAY FOR SECOND SACKER &RED 0FEFFER FROM THE DISBANDED 4ROY CLUB "UT #HICAGO GOT OFF TO A ROCKY START LOSING FOUR OF ITS lRST SIX GAMES IN BACK TO BACK SE RIES WITH $ETROIT WHILE 0ROVIDENCE WAS SWEEPING SUCCESSIVE SERIES WITH 0HILADELPHIA AND .EW 9ORK THE ,EAGUES TWO NEW ENTRIES !T THE 'RAYS WERE THE ONLY TEAM IN THE MAJORS WITH A PER FECT RECORD BEFORE SUSTAINING THEIR INITIAL LOSS OF THE SEASON ON -AY TO THE #LEVELAND "LUES 4HE lRST LEG OF THE ,EAGUE RACE THEN BOILED DOWN TO A TWO TEAM TUSSLE BETWEEN THE 'RAYS AND THE "LUES /N *ULY 0ROVIDENCE HELD THE TOP RUNG AT WITH #LEVELAND A MERE THREE WINS BEHIND AT AND "OSTON AND #HI CAGO COMPLETING THE lRST DIVISION 3IX WEEKS LATER ON !UGUST #LEVELAND OCCUPIED ST AT WITH 0ROVIDENCE CLOSE BEHIND BUT WHEN THE "LUES lNISHED THE MONTH WITH TWO LOSSES TO #HICAGO AND 0ROVIDENCE DROPPED TWO AT "OSTON IT BECAME A FOUR TEAM TUSSLE 4HE "OSTONS WENT INTO THE hVAN v AS ST PLACE WAS THEN CALLED BY WINNING SIX STRAIGHT GAMES BUT THE 'RAYS BROKE THE STREAK WITH BACK TO BACK WINS AT 0ROVIDENCE ON 3EPTEMBER AND TO BRING THEMSELVES SWIFTLY BACK INTO THE RACE 4HE FOLLOWING DAY IN "OSTON *IM 7HITNEY OPPOSED 'RAYS ACE #HARLEY 2ADBOURN IN THE PIVOTAL GAME OF THE SEASON ! TIE AT THE END OF REGULATION LENGTH SEEMED DECIDED WHEN 0ROVIDENCE SCORED A RUN IN THE TOP OF THE TH INNING BUT *OE (ORNUNG TRIPLED IN THE TYING TALLY IN THE BOTTOM HALF AND SPED HOME MOMENTS LATER ON *ACK "URDOCKS GAME WINNING HIT 4HE TENSE VICTORY WAS THE SPARK "OSTON NEEDED 4HE 2ED #APS WON OF THEIR NEXT GAMES TO BREAK OPEN WHAT TO THAT POINT HAD BEEN A TIGHT RACE 4O *OHN -ORRILL BELONGED THE DISTINCTION OF BEING THE lRST MANAGER EVER TO WIN A PENNANT AFTER TAKING OVER A TEAM IN MIDSTREAM -ORRILL HAD NOT REPLACED "URDOCK AS "OSTONS lELD GENERAL UNTIL THE SEASON WAS PAST THE HALFWAY MARK 5NDER THE VETERAN lRST SACKERS GUIDANCE THE 2ED #APS PLAYED AT A TORRID CLIP WINNING OF THEIR LAST GAMES "OSTONS OVERALL WINNING PERCENTAGE WAS EXCEEDED BY THE 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS WHICH PER FORMED AT A PACE IN BUT BALL WAS NOT SUFlCIENT TO LAND THE !SSOCIATION mAG 4O
4O (ARPERS 7EEKLY WE OWE THESE ILLUSTRATIONS OF *ACK "URDOCK TOP AND *OHN -ORRILL "OTH ENJOYED CAREER YEARS IN WHILE SHARING THE CAPTAINS DUTIES FOR ., CHAMPION "OSTON -ORRILL DID DUTY ALL TOLD IN "OSTON FOR MORE THAN TEN YEARS AT ALL FOUR INlELD POSITIONS AND ALSO PITCHED AND CAUGHT ON OCCASION (E IS THE ONLY MAN TO PLAY IN A "OSTON UNIFORM UNDER (ARRY 7RIGHT AND -IKE +ELLY TWO MANAGERS AS DIVERSE AS IMAGINABLE IN THEIR APPROACH TO THE GAME )N THE lNAL FULL SEASON OF HIS CAREER "URDOCK SPENT THE LAST HALF OF IT TRYING TO BRING "ROOKLYN ITS lRST !! PENNANT BY HITTING AND SCORING ALL OF RUNS IN GAMES
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\Wceki \_hiji _l )N THE 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS lNAL GAME OF THE SEASON AT #OLUMBUS ON 3EPTEMBER NEW COMER !L 7EST lLLED IN FOR THE !S REGULAR SHORTSTOP -IKE -OYNAHAN !FTER 0HILADELPHIA WON 7EST DIVULGED THAT HE WAS REALLY !L (UBBARD A MEMBER OF 9ALES INTERCOLLEGIATE CHAMPIONSHIP TEAM THAT SPRING 4WO DAYS LATER UNDER HIS REAL NAME (UBBARD WENT BEHIND THE BAT IN #INCINNATI TO HANDLE HIS FORMER 9ALE TEAMMATE *ACK *ONES (UBBARD AND *ONES THEREUPON BECAME THE lRST COLLEGE BAT TERY TO PERFORM TOGETHER IN A MAJOR LEAGUE GAME )T WAS A LESS THAN AUSPICIOUS INITIATION FOR THE TWO %LIS AS #INCINNATI HANDED *ONES HIS lRST DEFEAT AS AN !THLETIC AN DRUBBING THAT WAS THE !S WORST LOSS OF THE SEASON (UBBARD NEVER PLAYED AGAIN IN THE MAJORS BUT SOME TWO WEEKS LATER *ONES BEAT ,OUISVILLE ACE 'UY (ECKER TO CLINCH THE !SSOCIATION PENNANT FOR THE !S )T PROVED TO BE HIS lNAL MAJOR LEAGUE OUTING &OLLOWING THE SEASON *ONES QUIT BASEBALL TO FOLLOW IN THE FAMILY FOOTSTEPS BY GOING TO DENTAL SCHOOL "OTH OF *ONESS PARENTS WERE DENTISTS )NDEED HIS MOTHER %MELINE WAS THE lRST WOMAN IN THE 5NITED 3TATES TO OPEN HER OWN DENTAL PRACTICE ,ATER *ONES ALSO WENT TO MEDICAL SCHOOL )N HE GAVE UP DENTISTRY TO TEACH VOICE TRAINING AND MAINTAINED TEACH ING STUDIOS AT OPERA HOUSES IN .EW 9ORK #ITY .EW (AVEN AND "RIDGEPORT #ONNECTICUT (E DIED IN LEAVING NO SURVIVING RELATIVES
\Wceki \_hiji l !S A "OSTON ROOKIE IN *IM 7HITNEY BECAME THE lRST PITCHER EVER TO LEAD A MAJOR LEAGUE IN BOTH WINS AND LOSSES IN THE SAME SEASON 7HITNEYS FEAT HAS BEEN MATCHED SINCEALBEIT JUST ONCE BUT HIS WORK IN HAS NEVER BEEN MATCHED 4HAT SEASON 7HITNEY BECAME THE LONE PLAYER EVER TO LEAD A MAJOR LEAGUE TEAM IN WINS HOME RUNS BATTING AND SLUGGING )N 7HITNEY WAS CONTENT SIMPLY TO LEAD "OSTON IN WINS ALTHOUGH HE ALSO PLATOONED IN THE OUTlELD WITH FELLOW PITCHER #HARLIE "UFlNTON "ETWEEN THEM THE PAIR NOT ONLY ACCOUNTED FOR ALL BUT ONE OF "OSTONS WINS BUT ALSO HELPED CONCEAL THE FACT THAT "OSTON LACKED A CENTER lELDER %DGAR 3MITH EXPECTED TO MAN THE POST PLAYED ONLY GAMES IN THE OUTlELD WHILE 7HITNEY AND "UFlNTON PATROLLED CENTER IN THE MAJORITY OF THE CLUBS CHAMPIONSHIP CONTESTS TO BECOME THE lRST AND TO DATE THE ONLY DUO EVER TO SERVE AS BOTH THEIR CLUBS PITCHING AND CENTERlELD TANDEM
OWNER #HRIS 6ON DER !HES CHAGRIN HIS "ROWNS TRAILED THE 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS BY TWO AND A HALF GAMES ON THE MORNING OF THE NEXT TO LAST 3UNDAY OF THE SEASON 'EORGE "RADLEYS WIN FOR THE !THLETICS THAT AFTERNOON BEFORE A PACKED HOUSE IN 3T ,OUISS 3PORTSMANS 0ARK APPEARED TO WRAP UP THE !SSOCIATION TITLE "UT THE !THLETICS THEN PROCEEDED TO DROP TWO GAMES AT ,OUIS VILLE IN THEIR SEASON CLOSING SERIES WHILE 3T ,OUIS WAS BELTING 0ITTSBURGH 3TILL NEEDING ONE MORE
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Y^Whb[o hWZXekhd=i [Wi_[ij m_d )N THEIR INAUGURAL GAME IN THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE ON -AY THE 0HILADELPHIA 1UAKERS GAVE THE 0ROVIDENCE 'RAYS lTS BEFORE lNALLY BOWING .OT UNTIL NEARLY TWO WEEKS LATER THOUGH DID THE 1UAKERS lRST TASTE VICTORY BEATING #HICAGO "Y MIDSUMMER THE 1UAKERS WERE SO DEEP IN THE CELLAR THAT THE ,EAGUE RELUCTANTLY GAVE THEM PERMISSION TO REDUCE THEIR TICKET PRICES TO A QUARTER SO THEY COULD COMPETE FOR FANS WITH THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION ENTRY IN 0HILADELPHIA )N SEARCH OF PERKS HE COULD USE ON THE ROAD FOR DRAWING POWER 1UAKERS MANAGER "OB &ERGUSON GAVE THE BALL TO !RT (AGAN THE PRIDE OF THE MILL TOWN OF ,ONSDALE 2HODE )SLAND WHEN 0HILADELPHIA PLAYED AT 0ROVI DENCE ON !UGUST (AGAN WAS COMING OFF SEVERAL RAGGED OUTINGS ON THE 1UAKERS RECENT WESTERN ROAD SWING BUT &ERGUSON TRUSTED THAT (AGANS LOCAL REPUTATION WOULD OUTWEIGH NEWS OF THEM (E WAS RIGHT 0ROVIDENCES -ESSER 0ARK WAS THRONGED WITH A DELEGATION FROM NEIGHBORING ,ONSDALE AS WELL AS SEVERAL OTHER NEARBY MILL TOWNS 4HEY SAW A MEMORABLE GAME THOUGH THEY MAY NOT HAVE CARED TO REMEMBER IT 7ILLIAM 0ERRIN WROTE h(AGAN STARTED FOR THE 'RAYS AND THE 'RAYS lNISHED (AGAN (E WAS GIVEN THE MOST TREMENDOUS PUNISHMENT EVER ADMINISTERED TO A PITCHER IN THE MAJOR LEAGUESv .ORMALLY ONE WOULD ALLOW FOR 0ERRINS CHAUVINISM AS THE 'RAYS FOREMOST HISTORIAN BUT IN THIS CASE NOT (AGAN GAVE UP RUNS IN THE lRST FOUR INNINGS AND IT GOT WORSE 0ERRIN THOUGHT h&ERGUSON PERHAPS IN THE KINDNESS OF HEART AND GOOD WISHES FOR THE LARGE DELEGATION FROM ,ONSDALE AND WAY STATIONS KEPT (AGEN AT HIS TASK v BUT OTHERS THOUGHT &ERGUSON WAS A SADIST /N !UGUST (AGAN WAS AT THE WRONG END OF THE MOST ONE SIDED SHUTOUT IN MAJOR LEAGUE HISTORY )N THE LOSS THE 1UAKERS MADE ERRORS BEHIND HIM !T THE RIGHT END OF THE LOPSIDED SCORE WAS 'RAYS ACE #HAR LEY 2ADBOURN HEADED FOR WINS IN TO SET A NEW MAJOR LEAGUE RECORD THAT WOULD LAST ONLY UNTIL THE FOLLOWING YEAR WHEN HE ESTABLISHED THE CURRENT MARK OF
WIN TO CLINCH 0HILADELPHIA NAILED IT ON 3EPTEMBER WHEN *ACK *ONES TOPPED 'UY (ECKER IN INNINGS ! LOSS TWO AFTERNOONS LATER ON 3UNDAY THE LAST DAY OF THE SEASON WHILE 3T ,OUIS AGAIN BEAT 0ITTSBURGH SHRANK THE !THLETICS lNAL VICTORY MARGIN TO ONE GAME THE NARROWEST IN HISTORY TO THAT POINT 2ETURNING TO 0HILADELPHIA THE !THLETICS PLAYED SEVERAL EXHIBITION GAMES AGAINST THE CROSS TOWN 1UAKERS THAT WERE MEANT TO BE A TUNE UP FOR A POSTSEASON SERIES WITH ,EAGUE CHAMPION "OSTON 7HEN THE LOWLY 1UAKERS WINNERS OF JUST OF THEIR GAMES DURING THE REGULAR ,EAGUE SEASON DEALT THE !SSOCIATION VICTORS A STRING OF EMBARRASSING DEFEATS !THLETICS OFlCIALS HASTILY REVISED THEIR PLANS TO SETTLE LOOP SUPREMACY ON THE lELD BY MEETING "OSTON /N /CTOBER THE RIVAL LEAGUES AGAIN MET OFF THE lELD HOWEVER AT THE &IFTH !VENUE (OTEL IN .EW 9ORK !S IN &EBRUARY -ILLS LED THE PROCEEDING ON THE ,EAGUES BEHALF AND #AYLOR WAS THE
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#APTURED HERE AT 3PORTSMANS 0ARK ARE THE 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS BEFORE A GAME WITH ,OUISVILLE "EHIND THE TEAM IS A PRIMITIVE SCOREBOARD THEN CALLED A hBULLETIN BOARDv )S THE GENT IN CIVVIES #HRIS 6ON DER !HE .O ONES SURE 4HE KNOWN TEAM MEMBERS ARE #HARLIE #OMISKEY STANDING FAR LEFT WITH HIS HAND ON "ILL 'LEASONS SHOULDER *UMBO -C'INNIS SEATED TO 'LEASONS LEFT &RED ,EWIS STANDING BETWEEN 'LEASON AND -C'INNIS 0AT $EASLEY STANDING FAR RIGHT WITH HIS HAND ON 4OM $OLANS SHOULDER 4ONY -ULLANE TO $OLANS RIGHT (UGH .ICOL SPRAWLED FAR LEFT !RLIE ,ATHAM SITTING IN THE FRONT THIRD FROM LEFT AND 4OM -ANSELL SPRAWLED FAR RIGHT 7AITING TO BE IDENTIlED ARE 'EORGE 3TRIEF AND A STRING OF SUBS 7E CAN HOPE THAT ONE OF THEM JUST MIGHT BE #HARLIE (ODNETT
!SSOCIATIONS MAIN VOICE )N 0ARLOR THE TWO WITH HELP FROM lVE OF THEIR CONFRERES CRAFTED A PERMANENT PEACE SETTLEMENT IN THE FORM OF A AMENDMENT CONSTITUTION THAT WOULD BE KNOWN THEREAFTER AS h4HE .ATIONAL !GREEMENTv 3TRONG AND ENDURING AS THAT AGREEMENT MIGHT HAVE SEEMED WHEN THE SEVEN ,EAGUE AND !SSOCIATION OFlCIALS ADJOURNED THAT EVENING WITHIN A WEEK ANOTHER GROUP OF BASEBALL MEN WOULD EMBARK ON A SERIES OF MEETINGS DESIGNED TO UNDERMINE IT
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%VEN WHILE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE AND !MERICAN !SSOCIATION LEADERS WERE CRAFTING A PEACE TREATY THAT WOULD GOVERN MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL IN .OVEMBER (ENRY ,UCAS THE YEAR OLD SCION OF A WEALTHY 3T ,OUIS REALTOR AND RAILROAD MOGUL WAS PLUNGING THE GAME INTO A STATE OF WAR AGAIN ,UCASS GRIEVANCE OSTENSIBLY WAS WITH THE 2ESERVE #LAUSE #LAIMING HE FOUND IT INTOLERABLE THAT PLAYERS WERE BOUND FOR LIFE TO TEAMS LIKE CHATTELS HE FORMED YET A THIRD MAJOR LEAGUE THE 5NION !SSOCIATION THAT OMITTED THE 2ESERVE #LAUSE FROM ITS PLAYER CONTRACTS %VENTS WOULD SOON DEM ONSTRATE THOUGH THAT ,UCAS PROBABLY WAS GALVANIZED MORE BY EGO (E CRAVED RECOGNITION AS AN ORGANIZATIONAL GENIUS AND NO SOONER WAS HE GRANTED IT THAN HIS 5NION !SSOCIATION WAS HISTORY )N DURING THE COURSE OF THE LONE SEASON THE 5NION !SSOCIATION WAS ALIVE A RECORD TEAMS PERFORMED IN THE THREE RING CIRCUS THE MAJOR LEAGUE GAME HAD BECOME 4HE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE COMPETED WITH THE SAME EIGHT CLUBS THAT HAD PLAYED UNDER ITS BANNER IN BUT PER SUADED THE LESS STABLE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION TO EXPAND TO TEAMS TO PROTECT ITS FUTURE INTEREST IN CITIES THAT THE 5NION !SSOCIATION MIGHT OTHERWISE USURP !SSOCIATION PRESIDENT $ENNY -C +NIGHT THEREUPON TOOK ABOARD TEAMS REPRESENTING "ROOKLYN )NDIANAPOLIS 4OLEDO AND 7ASH INGTON "ROOKLYN 4OLEDO AND )NDIANAPOLIS WERE ALREADY INTACT CLUBS 4OLEDO HAD WON THE .ORTHWESTERN ,EAGUE PENNANT AND "ROOKLYN WAS NOT ONLY THE )NTER 3TATE ,EAGUE CHAM PION BUT WAS BACKED BY #HARLIE "YRNE AND &ERD !BELL TWO CASINO OWNERS WITH SUBSTANTIAL CAPITAL 4HE 7ASHINGTON CLUB IN CONTRAST HAD TO BE BUILT FROM SCRATCH ALWAYS AN UNHEALTHY SIGN 4O COMBAT THE TWO ESTABLISHED FEDERATIONS ,UCAS PUT TEAMS IN SIX EXTANT MAJOR LEAGUE CIT IES3T ,OUIS #HICAGO #INCINNATI "ALTIMORE "OSTON AND 0HILADELPHIAAND GRANTED A TH FRANCHISE TO CO CONSPIRATOR -IKE 3CANLON A POOL HALL PROPRIETOR WHO OWNED THE 7ASHINGTON .ATIONALS A VETERAN SEMIPRO OUTlT IN THE NATIONS CAPITAL 3TUCK FOR AN TH TEAM ,UCAS lNALLY SETTLED ON !LTOONA AND THEN DREW UP A SCHEDULE THAT CALLED FOR THE TINY 0ENNSYLVANIA CITY TO MEET HIS OWN 3T ,OUIS -AROONS IN EIGHT OF ITS lRST GAMES (ELPED BY ,UCASS CHICANERY THE HMO
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j^[ mWba[h Xhej^[hi 4HE SEASON INTRODUCED A WELTER OF RULE CHANGES AND INNOVATIONS THAT FOREVER CHANGED THE CHARACTER OF BASEBALL 5NFORTUNATELY THOUGH THE INNOVATION THAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN THE MOST INmUEN TIAL OF ALL LASTED ONLY ONE SEASON )N THE 4OLEDO CLUB BROUGHT WITH IT TO THE !MERICAN !SSOCIA TION THE CATCHER FROM ITS .ORTHWESTERN ,EAGUE CHAMPION (IS NAME WAS -OSES 7ALKER AND WHEN HE APPEARED IN 4OLEDOS OPENING GAME OF THE SEASON AT ,OUISVILLE ON -AY HE BECAME THE lRST !FRICAN !MERICAN PERFORMER IN MAJOR LEAGUE HISTORY ,ATER IN THE SEASON HIS BROTHER 7ELDY JOINED HIM ON THE 4OLEDOS FOR A BRIEF WHILE 7ELDY WAS ONLY MARGINALLY TALENTED AND WOULD LIKELY HAVE BEEN GONE FROM THE MAJORS ANYWAY WHEN THE 5NION !SSOCIATION COLLAPSED AFTER THE SEASON CUTTING JOBS BY A THIRD BUT -OSES WAS GOOD ENOUGH ESPECIALLY DEFENSIVELY TO KEEP PLAYING IN TOP COMPANY )NSTEAD AFTER BEING THE ONLY MAJOR LEAGUE PRIOR TO TO ALLOW BLACK PLAYERS IN THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION ENTERED INTO A SECRET UNWRITTEN COMPACT WITH THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE TO BAR THEM )N JOINING THE ,EAGUE IN ITS PERlDIOUS BARGAIN THE !SSOCIATION LOST NOT ONLY A LARGE TAL ENT POOL OF PLAYERS BUT A VITAL PIECE OF ITS AUTONOMY AS WELL AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO ALTER BASEBALL HIS TORY IN A WAY THAT WOULD HAVE INDEBTED THE GAME TO IT FOREVER
2ECENT RESEARCH BY HISTORIAN 0ETER -ORRIS HAS DETERMINED THAT AT LEAST ONE PLAYER PRIOR TO -OSES 7ALKER "ILL 7HITE A ONE GAMER WITH 0ROVIDENCE IN WAS A MULATTO
(ERE WITH HIS lRST PROFESSIONAL TEAMTHE .ORTHWESTERN ,EAGUE CHAMPION 4OLEDO "LUE 3TOCKINGSIS -OSES 7ALKER WHO THE FOLLOWING YEAR WOULD BECOME THE lRST !FRICAN !MERICAN PLAYER IN MAJOR LEAGUE HISTORY 4OP *OE -ILLER *UMPING *ACK *ONES 7ALKER #HAPPY ,ANE AND *OHN 4ILLEY -IDDLE 3AM -OFFETT 3AM "ARKLEY #APTAIN #HARLIE -ORTON #URT 7ELCH AND (ANK /$AY &RONT 4OM 0OORMAN AND -ILO ,OCKWOOD 7ALKER MADE HIS BIG LEAGUE DEBUT AGAINST ,OUISVILLE ON -AY 3OME THREE YEARS EARLIER ON !UGUST THE ,OUISVILLE %CLIPSE WHICH WAS COMPRISED OF MANY OF THE SAME PLAYERS ON THE ,OUISVILLE CLUB HAD REFUSED TO PLAY AGAINST 7ALKER WHO WAS THEN A MEMBER OF THE 7HITE 3EWING -ACHINE SEMIPRO TEAM FROM #LEVELAND 7HEN THE %CLIPSE WON THE FOLLOWING MORNING THE ,OUIS VILLE #OURIER *OURNAL RAN THE GAME STORY UNDER THE HEADLINE h! $ISABLED #LUBv FOLLOWED BY THE BUGLINEv h!N 5NCALLED &OR %XHIBITION /F 0REJUDICE /N 4HE &IELD 4OWARDS ! 1UADROONv
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LFU 4HE lNAL EDITION OF THE -ACMILLAN ENCYCLOPEDIA IN CREDITED #HARLEY 2ADBOURN WITH WINS IN AS DO SEVERAL OTHER SOURCES (OWEVER THE EDITION OF 4HE "ASEBALL %NCYCLOPEDIA MAINTAINS THAT HE WON ONLY AN ASSERTION BACKED BY BASEBALL HISTORIAN &REDERICK )VOR #AMPBELLS CAREFULLY REASONED ARGUMENT )VOR #AMPBELLS CASE FOR REDUCING 2ADBOURNS WIN TOTAL IN TO IS TOO LENGTHY TO EXPLORE HERE 3UFlCE IT TO SAY THAT THE 2ADBOURN VICTORY IN QUESTION CAME IN RELIEF OF #YCLONE -ILLER ON *ULY AND THE CONmICT IS OVER WHETHER A RULE OR A PRE RULE SHOULD PREVAIL !CCORDING TO THE RULE FOR DETERMINING CREDIT FOR A PITCHING WIN THE VICTORY SHOULD GO TO -ILLER 5NDER THE GUIDELINES USED BEFORE TO DECIDE CREDIT FOR A PITCHING WIN A SCORER WAS AT LIBERTY TO GIVE 2ADBOURN THE VICTORY 3INCE THE GAME OCCURRED IN IT WOULD SEEM THE PRE RULE SHOULD GOVERN 7HEN THE lRST -ACMILLAN EDITION WAS BEING PREPARED IN THE LATE S HOWEVER A 3PECIAL "ASEBALL 2ECORDS #OMMITTEE DECREED THAT THE RULE SHOULD BE AP PLIED TO ALL SEASONS IN hTHE PERIOD BEFORE A TIME THAT WAS SOMEWHAT CHAOTIC IN BASEBALL FOR RECORD KEEPING PROCEDURESv 3INCE THEN SCHOLARS HAVE UNDERTAKEN TO AMEND THE PITCHING WON LOST TOTALS FOR EVERY PITCHER PRIOR TO IN KEEPING WITH THE 3PECIAL "ASEBALL 2ECORDS #OMMITTEES DECREE 4HE WORK IS NOT YET COMPLETE AND EVEN WHEN IT IS CONmICTS WILL STILL EXIST -EANWHILE THE SEASON AND CAREER WON LOST TOTALS FOR MANY PITCHERS INCLUDING 2ADBOURN REMAIN AT ISSUE &OR THE MOMENT 4HE 'REAT %NCY CLOPEDIA OF .INETEENTH #ENTURY -AJOR ,EAGUE "ASEBALL DEEMS 2ADBOURN TO HAVE WON GAMES IN IF ONLY BECAUSE 2ADBOURN WAS CREDITED WITH THAT DISPUTED RELIEF WIN BY EVERY SOURCE UNTIL AND IT SEEMS ARBITRARY IN ANY CASE TO ADOPT ONE SET OF RULES AFTER THE FACT FOR THE PERIOD BETWEEN AND AND ANOTHER FOR THE REST OF BASEBALL HISTORY 4HE 'REAT %NCYCLOPEDIA OF .INETEENTH #ENTURY -AJOR ,EAGUE "ASEBALL DOES NOT ALWAYS SIDE WITH -ACMILLAN HOWEVER ON IN DIVIDUAL PITCHING OR HITTING STATS 4HERE ARE MANY SEASONS WHEN -ACMILLAN AND OTHER ENCYCLOPEDIAS ARE IN CONmICT ON HOW MANY GAMES A CERTAIN PITCHER WON AS WELL AS HOW MANY HITS A CERTAIN BATTER COMPILED AND IN A FEW INSTANCES NONE OF THEM PROVIDES A TOTAL FOR INDIVIDUAL PLAYERS THAT ENABLES A TEAMS TOTALS TO BALANCE )N SUCH CASES 4HE 'REAT %NCYCLOPEDIA OF .INETEENTH #ENTURY -AJOR ,EAGUE "ASEBALL FURNISHES THE TOTAL THAT SEEMS THE MOST LOGICAL WHILE RESERVING THE RIGHT TO CHANGE IT AT A FUTURE DATE WITH A REMINDER TO THE READER THAT A BOOK LIKE THIS IS ETERNALLY A WORK IN PROGRESS
-AROONS SET AN ALL TIME RECORD BY WINNING THEIR lRST GAMES OF THE SEASON 7ITH ALL PRETENSE OF A PENNANT RACE GONE BY THE END OF -AY ,UCASS CLUB THEN PROCEEDED TO RING UP VICTORIES AND AN WINNING PERCENTAGE 0ITEOUS !LTOONA MEANWHILE GOT OFF TO A START AND DISAP PEARED FOREVER FROM THE MAJOR LEAGUE ARENA AFTER JUST SIX WEEKS 4WO OTHER 5NION CLUBS #HICAGO AND 0HILADELPHIA ALSO SOON RAN AGROUND SETTING OFF A CHAIN REACTION OF FRANCHISE SHIFTS THAT EVENTUALLY CONFOUNDED THE SCHEDULE MAKER "Y THE END OF THE 5NION SEASON THE lNAL STANDINGS
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j^[ jW_dj[Z HM 3HOULD A RECORD BE CONSIDERED A RECORD REGARDLESS OF WHEN OR UNDER WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES IT IS ESTAB LISHED )F THE ANSWER IS YES THEN .ED 7ILLIAMSONS HOME RUNS FOR #HICAGO IN WERE THE MA JOR LEAGUE SEASON HOME RUN RECORD PRIOR TO 4HE STICKING POINT IS THAT THE CHART BELOW MAKES 7ILLIAMSONS BARRAGE LOOK EXTREMELY lSHY (OW ELSE COULD ALL BUT TWO OF HIS HOME RUNS COME AT HIS HOME PARK +NOWING ABOUT THAT PARK ONLY MAKES THOSE DINGERS SEEM ALL THE MORE TAINTED 4HE OUTlELD FENCES WERE SO CLOSE TO THE PLATELESS THAN FEET IN RIGHT lELDTHAT PRIOR TO BALLS HIT OVER THEM WERE GROUND RULED DOUBLES &URTHERMORE "UFFALOS PARK WHERE 7ILLIAMSONS TWO ROAD HOME RUNS OCCURRED WAS THE SECOND SMALLEST IN THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE "UT TO GIVE 7ILLIAMSON HIS DUE HE HIT AT LEAST ONE FOUR BAGGER AGAINST EVERY FRONTLINE PITCHER HE FACED INCLUDING THREE FUTURE GAME WINNERS /N THE OTHER HAND THREE OF HIS TEAMMATES ALSO CLUBBED MORE THAN HOMERS IN AND ONE OF THE TRIO &RED 0FEFFER FAILED TO TIE 7ILLIAMSONS RECORD MARK ONLY BECAUSE WHILE HE MATCHED 7ILLIAMSONS HOMERS AT HOME HE FAILED TO HIT ANY ON THE ROAD 7ITHAL #HICAGO HAM MERED HOME RUNS IN JUST GAMES EASILY THE MOST BY ANY TEAM PRIOR TO THE .EW 9ORK 9ANKEES )TS IMPOSSIBLE NOW TO DETERMINE HOW MANY OF 7ILLIAMSONS ROUND TRIPPERS TRAVELED A RESPECT ABLE DISTANCE BUT THE FOLLOWING SEASON PLAYING IN A DIFFERENT HOME PARK HE COLLECTED JUST FOUR HOME RUNS (ENCE IT SEEMS SAFE TO BELIEVE THAT MANY OF THOSE FOUR BAGGERS IN WERE ON THE CHEAP SIDE !T THE SAME TIME THOUGH IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT 7ILLIAMSON MIGHT STILL HAVE SET A RE CORD IN IF THE FENCES HAD BEEN FARTHER OR THE GROUND RULES DIFFERENT &OR IN UNDER THE OLD GROUND RULES HE SLAMMED DOUBLES THE MOST BY ANY ,EAGUE PLAYER IN THE PRE ERA .O
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4HE SEASON OPENED ON -AY BUT THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS PLAYED ON THE ROAD UNTIL THE TH BECAUSE THEIR HOME PARK WAS UNAVAILABLE WHILE TEAM OFlCIALS GRAPPLED WITH THE CITY OVER THE RIGHT TO PLAY THERE
4HE LONG DRY SPELL FOLLOWING .O OCCURRED MOSTLY BECAUSE THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS TOOK TO THE ROAD ON !UGUST AND DID NOT RETURN HOME UNTIL 3EPTEMBER
WERE IN SUCH DISARRAY THAT 3T ,OUIS COLLECTED DECISIONS EVEN THOUGH THE ORIGINAL SCHEDULE CALLED FOR ONLY GAMES WHILE LATECOMER 3T 0AUL lGURED IN A MERE EIGHT DECISIONS AND NEVER GOT TO PLAY A HOME GAME 4HE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION HAD A HOST OF PROBLEMS TOO RESULTING IN ITS 7ASHINGTON FRANCHISE BEING SURRENDERED TO 2ICHMOND 6IRGINIA ON !UGUST "UT UNLIKE THE 5NIONS THE !SSOCIATION COULD AT LEAST SAVOR A GENUINE PENNANT RACE AS NO FEWER THAN lVE OF ITS TEAMS MADE A SERIOUS BID FOR THE mAG 4HE .EW 9ORK -ETROPOLITANS ULTIMATELY WON OUT OVER #OLUMBUS AFTER THE OTHER THREE CONTENDERS3T ,OUIS ,OUISVILLE AND #INCINNATIFALTERED DOWN THE STRETCH !MONG THE lVE PITCHING WAS THE DIFFERENCE 4WIN WORKHORSES 4IM +EEFE AND *ACK ,YNCH PITCHED ALL BUT ONE OF THE -ETS GAMES IN AND MADE *IM -UTRIE THE lRST MANAGER TO HAVE TWO GAME WINNERS #OLUMBUS UNDER NEW SKIPPER 'US 3CHMELZ ALSO HAD STRONGER PITCHING IN AND ROSE FROM TH PLACE TO ND WHEN ROOKIE %D h#ANNONBALLv -ORRIS COMBINED WITH ACE &RANK -OUNTAIN FOR WINS BUT THE 5NION !SSOCIATION THREAT AND SEVERAL MAJOR RULE CHANGES CRIPPLED THE OTHER THREE CHALLENGERS IN THE BOX ,OUISVILLE LOST GAME WINNER "UCK 7EAVER TO THE 5NIONS 3T ,OUISS GAME WINNER 4ONY -ULLANE ENDED UP IN 4OLEDO AS A COMPROMISE SOLUTION AFTER HED lRST JUMPED TO THE 5NIONS AND #INCINNATI ACE 7ILL 7HITE THE !SSOCIATIONS BIGGEST WINNER IN WAS ROBBED OF ONE OF HIS CHIEF WEAPONS THE FACILITY TO INTIMIDATE BAT
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TERS BY HITTING THEM WITHOUT PENALTY WHEN IN THE !SSOCIATION BECAME THE lRST LEAGUE TO GIVE A BATTER HIS BASE IF HE WAS STRUCK BY A PITCH 4HOUGH THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE CONTINUED TO DISDAIN THE HIT BATS MAN RULE IT MADE TWO CHANGES IN ITS OWN RULEBOOK THAT AFFECTED PITCHERS 4HE lRST REDUCING TO SIX THE NUMBER OF CALLED BALLS NEEDED BEFORE A BATTER WAS GRANTED A WALK MIGHT HAVE HAMPERED ITS HURLERS IF THE SECOND REVISION HAD NOT BENElTED THEM EVEN MORE )N THE ,EAGUE LIFTED ALL RESTRICTIONS ON PITCHING DELIVERIES THEREBY OPEN ING THE mOODGATES TO OVERHAND PITCHING 4HE RESULT WAS A MAMMOTH
"ILL 3WEENEY THE REBEL 5NION !SSOCIATIONS LEADING WINNER WAS IN AGAINST THE CHAMPION -AROONS AND AGAINST THE REST OF THE LEAGUE 4WO YEARS LATER HIS ARM SHOT 3WEENEY WAS TRYING TO HANG ON TO A JOB WITH A TEAM IN ,ITTLE &ALLS .EW 9ORK 4HE 3PORTING .EWS WROTE hLACK OF SPEED IS KEEPING HIM OUT OF THE TOP RUNGS OF HIS PROFESSIONv ! COMPLETE PLAYER WHEN HIS ARM HAD BEEN SOUND 3WEENEY DEBUTED AS A CENTER lELDER WITH THE 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS IN AND IN HIS lRST PITCHING APPEARANCE BATTED CLEANUP
INCREASE IN STRIKEOUT TOTALS AND A CORRESPONDING REDUCTION IN BATTING AVERAGES THAT WAS FELT NOT ONLY IN THE ,EAGUE %VEN THOUGH THE !S SOCIATION AND THE 5NIONS CONTINUED TO RESTRICT PITCHERS TO DELIVERIES BELOW SHOULDER LEVEL AND HELD THE NUMBER OF CALLED BALLS NEEDED FOR A WALK TO SEVEN THEIR RUN PRODUCTION DIPPED SHARPLY AS WELL &OR REA
SONS NOT ALTOGETHER EXPLICABLE THE SEASON WAS UNIQUE %XPAN SION TRADITIONALLY FAVORS HITTERS BUT IN ALTHOUGH THE NUMBER OF MAJOR LEAGUE ROSTER SPOTS TO BE lLLED NEARLY DOUBLED PITCHERS THRIVED 'UY (ECKER WON AN !SSOCIATION RECORD GAMES FOR ,OUISVILLE AND (UGH $AILY SET A NEW SEASON STRIKEOUT MARK WHEN HE FANNED 5NION !SSOCIATION HITTERS IN CLUDING IN A SINGLE GAME BUT #HARLEY 2ADBOURN OF THE 0ROVIDENCE 'RAYS DWARFED EVEN THEIR EXTRAORDINARY ACCOMPLISHMENTS 4HE 'RAYS BEGAN THE SEASON UNDER A NEW MANAGER &RANK "ANCROFT WHO HAD LEARNED FROM (ARRY 7RIGHTS MISTAKE IN GIVING THE BALL TOO OFTEN TO 2ADBOURN THE PREVIOUS YEAR "AN CROFT BROADCAST THAT 2ADBOURN WOULD SHARE THE PITCHING LOAD IN WITH #HARLIE 3WEENEY 7HEN 2ADBOURN REBELLED AT THE PROSPECT AND PERFORMED LACKADAISICALLY HE WAS SUSPENDED "ANCROFT THEN FOUND HIMSELF IN A BIND WHEN 3WEENEY MANIPULATED TO HAVE HIMSELF SUSPENDED TOO SO HE COULD JUMP TO THE 5NION !SSOCIATION )N DESPERATION "ANCROFT REINSTATED 2ADBOURN BUT lRST HAD TO ACCEPT THE HARD BARGAIN HE DROVE 2ADBOURN PLEDGED TO PITCH EVERY GAME FOR THE REST OF THE SEASON IF THE 'RAYS WOULD AGREE NOT TO RESERVE HIM FOR THE FOLLOWING YEAR 2ADBOURN DID NOT ACTUALLY PITCH EVERY GAME DOWN THE STRETCHSEVERAL OTHER 'RAYS TOOK A TURN IN THE BOX ON OCCASION TOOBUT HE TOILED FAR MORE OFTEN THAN NECESSARY CONSIDERING THAT THE 'RAYS WON THE PENNANT BY AND A HALF GAMES )N DUE TIME THE LOAD TOOK ITS TOLL ON 2ADBOURNS ARM BUT NOT BEFORE HE WORKED INNINGS IN JUST ONE SHORT OF 7ILL 7HITES ALL TIME RECORD OF SET IN EN ROUTE TO COMPILING THE MOST WINS EVER 7HETHER IT BE
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OR JUST AS SOME SOURCES CONTEND 2ADBOURN WAS STILL NOT DONE !T THE CLOSE OF THE SEASON 0ROVIDENCE OFlCIALS ACCEPTED -UTRIES CHALLENGE TO A THREE GAME POSTSEASON MATCH WITH HIS !S SOCIATION CHAMPION -ETS %ACH TEAM PUT UP TO GO TO THE WINNER WITH THE PURSE HELD BY THE .EW 9ORK #LIPPER WHICH BILLED THE EVENT AS THE lRST h7ORLDS 3ERIESv 3INCE THE GAMES TOOK PLACE AT THE 0OLO 'ROUNDS IN .EW 9ORK THE -ETS HOME PARK AT -UTRIES INSISTENCE THEY WERE PLAYED UNDER !SSOCIATION RULES AND OVERHAND PITCHING WAS BARRED 4HIS WAS NO HANDICAP FOR 2ADBOURN WHO THREW SIDEARM ANYWAY BUT TO -UTRIES CONSTERNATION +EEFE HIS STARTING PITCHER IN THE OPENING GAME HIT THE lRST TWO 0ROVIDENCE BATTERS HE FACED 0AUL (INES AND #LIFF #ARROLL GIVING EACH A BASE HE WOULD NOT HAVE RECEIVED UNDER ,EAGUE RULES 7HEN (INES AND #ARROLL BOTH SUBSEQUENTLY SCORED 2ADBOURN CRUISED TO A WIN 4WO MORE VICTORIES BY HIM IN THE FOLLOWING TWO DAYS CROWNED 0ROVIDENCE THE lRST 7ORLDS 3ERIES CHAMPION
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3T ,OUIS -AROONS -ILWAUKEE "REWERS #INCINNATI /UTLAW 2EDS "ALTIMORE "OSTON 2EDS #HICAGO 0ITTSBURGH 7ASHINGTON .ATIONALS 0HILADELPHIA +EYSTONES 3T 0AUL !POSTLES !LTOONA -OUNTAIN #ITIES +ANSAS #ITY #OWBOYS 7ILMINGTON 1UICKSTEPS
$ID NOT PLAY ENOUGH GAMES TO QUALIFY FOR THE PENNANT
3T, -IL #IN "AL "OS #0 7AS 0HI 3T0 !LT +# 7IL 4OT 3T ,OUIS -ILWAUKEE #INCINNATI "ALTIMORE "OSTON #HICAGO 0ITTS 7ASHINGTON 0HILADELPHIA
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3%!3/. ,%!$%23
"ATTING !VERAGE !"S 3LUGGING !VERAGE
/N "ASE 0ERCENTAGE
$UNLAP 3T ,OUIS (OOVER 0HILADELPHIA / 3HAFFER 3T ,OUIS -OORE 7ASHINGTON * 'LEASON 3T ,OUIS
$UNLAP 3T ,OUIS / 3HAFFER 3T ,OUIS (OOVER 0HILADELPHIA $ "URNS #INCINNATI % #RANE "OSTON
$UNLAP 3T ,OUIS / 3HAFFER 3T ,OUIS (OOVER 0HILADELPHIA -OORE 7ASHINGTON * 'LEASON 3T ,OUIS
4OTAL "ASES
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"ASES ON "ALLS
$UNLAP 3T ,OUIS / 3HAFFER 3T ,OUIS $ 2OWE 3T ,OUIS % #RANE "OSTON 3EERY "ALTIMORE +#
$UNLAP 3T ,OUIS % #RANE "OSTON ,EVIS "ALTIMORE 7ASH %IGHT WITH
9 2OBINSON "ALTIMORE / 3HAFFER 3T ,OUIS $UNLAP 3T ,OUIS (ARBIDGE #INCINNATI * 'LEASON 3T ,OUIS
(ITS
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$UNLAP 3T ,OUIS / 3HAFFER 3T ,OUIS -OORE 7ASHINGTON 3EERY "ALTIMORE +# $ 2OWE 3T ,OUIS
$UNLAP 3T ,OUIS / 3HAFFER 3T ,OUIS 3EERY "ALTIMORE +# 9 2OBINSON "ALTIMORE $ 2OWE 3T ,OUIS
$UNLAP 3T ,OUIS / 3HAFFER 3T ,OUIS (OOVER 0HILADELPHIA * 'LEASON 3T ,OUIS -OORE 7ASHINGTON
2") LEADERS UNAVAILABLE
0)4#().' 7INS
,OSSES
)NNINGS
" 3WEENEY "ALTIMORE ( $AILY #0 7ASHINGTON 4AYLOR 3T ,OUIS "RADLEY #INCINNATI # 3WEENEY 3T ,OUIS
"AKELY 0HILA 7ILM +# ( $AILY #0 7ASHINGTON " 3WEENEY "ALTIMORE 6OSS 7ASHINGTON +# 7ISE 7ASHINGTON
" 3WEENEY "ALTIMORE ( $AILY #0 7ASHINGTON "AKELY 0HILA 7ILM +# 7ISE 7ASHINGTON "RADLEY #INCINNATI
#OMPLETE 'AMES
3TRIKEOUTS
7INNING 0CT DECISIONS
" 3WEENEY "ALTIMORE ( $AILY #0 7ASHINGTON "AKELY 0HILA 7ILM +# "RADLEY #INCINNATI 3HAW "OSTON
( $AILY #0 7ASHINGTON " 3WEENEY "ALTIMORE 3HAW 7ASHINGTON 7ISE 7ASHINGTON "URKE "OSTON
*IM -C#ORMICK #INCINNATI 4AYLOR 3T ,OUIS # 3WEENEY 3T ,OUIS " 3WEENEY "ALTIMORE "RADLEY #INCINNATI
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*IM -C#ORMICK #INCINNATI # 3WEENEY 3T ,OUIS 3HAW "OSTON "OYLE 3T ,OUIS 7ERDEN 3T ,OUIS
*IM -C#ORMICK #INCINNATI 3HAW "OSTON # 3WEENEY 3T ,OUIS "OYLE 3T ,OUIS 7ERDEN 3T ,OUIS
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1UINN 3T ,OUIS 3CHOENECK #0 "ALTIMORE ,EVIS "ALTIMORE 7ASH
3CHOENECK #0 "ALTIMORE ,EVIS "ALTIMORE 7ASH 1UINN 3T ,OUIS
$UNLAP 3T ,OUIS %VERS 7ASHINGTON 4 /"RIEN "OSTON
$UNLAP 3T ,OUIS 0HELAN "ALTIMORE %VERS 7ASHINGTON
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9 2OBINSON "ALTIMORE *ERRY -C#ORMICK 0HILA 7ASH * )RWIN "OSTON
33 , 3AY "ALTIMORE +# 7 (ACKETT "OSTON 7HITEHEAD 3T ,OUIS +#
, 3AY "ALTIMORE +# 7 (ACKETT "OSTON 7HITEHEAD 3T ,OUIS +#
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2& / 3HAFFER 3T ,OUIS % #RANE "OSTON (AWES #INCINNATI
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/ 3HAFFER 3T ,OUIS .O OTHER QUALIlERS
#& $ 2OWE 3T ,OUIS 3LATTERY "OSTON (ARBIDGE #INCINNATI
3LATTERY "OSTON (ARBIDGE #INCINNATI +IENZLE 0HILADELPHIA
$ 2OWE 3T ,OUIS (ARBIDGE #INCINNATI 3LATTERY "OSTON
,& 3EERY "ALTIMORE +# -OORE 7ASHINGTON 3YLVESTER #INCINNATI
3EERY "ALTIMORE +# 3YLVESTER #INCINNATI -OORE 7ASHINGTON
3EERY "ALTIMORE +# -OORE 7ASHINGTON 3YLVESTER #INCINNATI
# ' "AKER 3T ,OUIS +RIEG #HICAGO0ITTSBURGH , "ROWN "OSTON
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$OUBLE 0LAYS
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%VERS 7ASHINGTON 4 /"RIEN "OSTON 0HELAN "ALTIMORE
$UNLAP 3T ,OUIS %VERS 7ASHINGTON 3 #RANE #INCINNATI
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3LATTERY "OSTON +IENZLE 0HILADELPHIA 7YMAN +ANSAS #ITY
3LATTERY "OSTON $ 2OWE 3T ,OUIS (ARBIDGE #INCINNATI
3EERY "ALTIMORE +# 3YLVESTER #INCINNATI -OORE 7ASHINGTON
3EERY "ALTIMORE +# 3YLVESTER #INCINNATI -OORE 7ASHINGTON
% #RANE "OSTON ' "AKER 3T ,OUIS , "ROWN "OSTON &USSELBACH "ALTIMORE
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,EADERS IN 0ASSED "ALLS &USSELBACH "ALTIMORE 'ILLEN 0HILADELPHIA * +ELLY #INCINNATI 7ASH #RANE "OSTON 0 # 3WEENEY 3T ,OUIS "AKELY 0HILA 7ILM +# ' "RADLEY #INCINNATI
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4HE 5NION !SSOCIATION WENT TO ITS GRAVE IN EARLY *ANUARY WHEN THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE FOR MALLY ADMITTED (ENRY ,UCAS AND HIS 3T ,OUIS -AROONS TO REPLACE BANKRUPT #LEVELAND $E PRIVED OF ,UCASS lNANCIAL BACKING AND LEADERSHIP THE OTHER 5NION TEAMS EITHER CEASED OPERA TIONS ENTIRELY OR ELSE REVERTED TO MINOR LEAGUE STATUS /NCE THE 5NION THREAT WAS ERASED THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION CUT BACK FROM TO EIGHT TEAMS 4HREE OF THE NEWCOMERS IN 6IRGINIA 4OLEDO AND )NDIANAPOLISWERE OBVIOUS CHOICES TO GO BUT "ROOKLYN THE FOURTH NEW ADDITION WAS RETAINED WHEN THE #OLUMBUS FRANCHISE FOLDED AND MERGED WITH 0ITTSBURGH 4HE MERGER INCLUDED PLAYER TRANS FERS TRANSFUSING THE 0ENNSYLVANIA CLUB WITH %D -ORRIS &RED #ARROLL AND ENOUGH OTHER FRESH BLOOD TO CONVERT IT FROM A TAILENDER TO A CON TENDER "ROOKLYN ALSO BEEFED UP CONSIDERABLY BY PURCHASING THE DYING #LEVELAND CLUB IN ORDER TO GAIN CONTROL OF ITS PLAYERS AND THE 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS AFTER VOTING TO DISMISS 4OLEDO FROM THE !SSOCIATION SNATCHED 4OLEDOS TWO TOP PLAYERS #URT 7ELCH AND 3AM "ARKLEY AND THEN TRIED TO RECOVER 4ONY -ULLANE THEIR FORMER PITCHING ACE WHO HAD BEEN AS SIGNED TO 4OLEDO IN TO KEEP HIM OUT OF 5NION !SSOCIATION HANDS ONLY TO SEE HIM SIGN WITH #INCINNATI 4HE ,EAGUE ACCEPTED THESE QUASI LEGAL TRANSACTIONS IN THE HOPE OF WOOING THE !SSOCIATION INTO ACCEPTING SOME OF ITS EVEN MORE AUDA CIOUS MACHINATIONS /VER THE WINTER *OHN $AY THE PRESIDENT OF THE -ETROPOLITAN %XHIBITION #OMPANY WHICH OWNED BOTH THE .EW 9ORK -ETS OF THE !SSOCIATION AND ,EAGUES .EW 9ORK 'OTHAMS SHIFTED MAN AGER *IM -UTRIE FROM THE -ETS TO THE 'OTHAMS HELM "ELIEVING THAT
4ONY -ULLANE THE ONLY MAJOR LEAGUE PLAYER FORCED TO SIT OUT AN ENTIRE YEAR FOR CONTRACT JUMPING .OTWITHSTANDING HIS SUSPENSION -UL LANE WON GAMES IN THE !! MAKING HIM THE ONLY PITCHER TO WIN IN A MAJOR LEAGUE OTHER THAN THE ., OR THE !, )N ADDITION TO LOS ING AN ENTIRE SEASON TO A SUSPENSION -ULLANE ALSO THREW AWAY ANOTHER OR WINS IN !FTER BECOMING THE lRST PITCHER IN THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION THAT YEAR TO WIN GAMES HE NEVER WON ANOTHER ONCE #INCINNATI REWARDED HIM BY CUTTING HIS SALARY IN EARLY *ULY )N HIS NEXT OUT ING ON *ULY ACCORDING TO 4HE 3PORTING .EWS h-ULLANE EVIDENTLY SULKED OVER THE REDUCTION IN HIS PAY AS HE GAVE A VERY CARELESS EXHIBITION (E PUT THE BALLS IN lRST WITH HIS RIGHT AND THEN WITH HIS LEFT HAND v LOSING TO 'US 7EYHING 3USPENDED FOR HIS POOR SHOWING THE AMBIDEX TROUS -ULLANE THEN SPENT THE REST OF THE SUMMER PITCHING IN AN OUTLAW LEAGUE IN -ONTANA
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j^[ Xhemd_d] YWi[ )N 0ETE "ROWNING WON HIS SECOND OF THREE CAREER BATTING TITLES &OR A WHILE 4OTAL "ASEBALL GAVE HIM A FOURTH BATTING CROWN IN BUT HAS SINCE MADE $AVE /RR THE WINNER BECAUSE -AJOR ,EAGUE "ASEBALL PROCLAIMS HE WAS EVEN THOUGH "ROWNING OUT HIT HIM TO )N ANY EVENT "ROWNING WON AT LEAST THREE BATTING TITLES AND HE IS ONE OF ONLY THREE MEN WHO CAPTURED HITTING CROWNS IN TWO DIFFERENT MAJOR LEAGUES 4HE OTHER TWO $AN "ROUTHERS AND %D $ELAHANTY HAVE LONG BEEN IN THE (ALL OF &AME 3O WHY NOT 0ETE h4HE 'LADIATORv "ROWNING 4HE RAP ON "ROWNING HAS ALWAYS BEEN THAT HE WAS NOT MUCH GOOD AT ANY OTHER PHASE OF THE GAME EXCEPT HITTING AND WAS PARTICULARLY ATROCIOUS AS A lELDER (OW TRUE ANY OF THAT IS WILL NEVER BE SIMPLE TO DETERMINE &OR A FACT "ROWNING HAD SOME HIGH ERROR TOTALS AND AWFUL lELDING AVERAGES BUT IN THE S THERE WERE A BUNCH OF AWFUL lELDING AVERAGES 7HATS MORE EARLY IN HIS CAREER "ROWNING HAD SEASONS AS A REGULAR AT BOTH SECOND AND THIRD BASE HARDLY PLACES WHERE A MANAGER STATIONS A MAN WHOS DEFENSIVELY CHALLENGED AND WHEN HE WAS MOVED TO THE OUTlELD MOST OF THE TIME HE PLAYED CENTER 4RUE HE LED !MERICAN !SSOCIATION OUTlELDERS IN ERRORS IN AND AGAIN IN BUT IN THE LATTER YEAR HE WAS TH IN OUTlELD CHANCES ONLY TO #URT 7ELCH 0OP #ORKHILL AND *IM -C4AMANY PERHAPS THE THREE BEST DEFENSIVE OUTlELDERS ACTIVE THAT SEASON ,OUISVILLE IN THOSE YEARS WAS lRST DIVISION MATERIAL MOST OF THE TIME TOO SO THAT ELIMINATES THE ARGUMENT THAT IT DIDNT MATTER TO THE TEAM WHERE "ROWNING PLAYED /N THE CONTRARY IT MATTERED A GREAT DEAL AND NO MATTER WHERE "ROWNING WAS PUT HE DID THE JOB ADEQUATELY ,ATER IN HIS CAREER WHEN HE WAS ON A STRING OF ROTTEN TEAMS HE PLAYED LEFT lELD MOSTLY AND NOT WITH A WHOLE LOT OF ZEAL AND BY THEN IT WAS ALSO TRUE THAT HE WASNT MUCH FOR BUNTING OR HITTING BEHIND THE RUNNER OR DOING ANYTHING ELSE THAT MIGHT HARM HIS BATTING AVERAGE "UT THAT WAS ONLY TOWARD THE END )N h4HE 'LADIATORv STOLE BASES AND EVEN THOUGH THE RULES WERE DIFFERENT THEN WITH REGARD TO WHAT CONSTITUTED A STOLEN BASE THAT WAS STILL MORE BASES THAN ANY OTHER ,OUISVILLE PLAYER EVER SWIPED IN A SEASON 3O WE HAVE A MAN WHO WON THREE BATTING TITLES AND WAS ONCE DEEMED BY MANY SOURCES TO HAVE WON A FOURTH A MAN WHO WAS A REGULAR AT BOTH SECOND AND THIRD BASES AND ALSO IN THE OUTlELD A MAN WHO COULD CAUSE PITCHERS PLENTY OF STRESS ON THE BASES A MAN WHO PLAYED MOST OF HIS CAREER FOR A TEAM ON THE /HIO 2IVER A MAN WHO DIDNT MAKE THE (ALL OF &AME AS MUCH AS ANYTHING BE CAUSE HE DRANK AND GOT IN THE WRONG LEAGUE !NYONE ELSE IN BASEBALL HISTORY QUITE LIKE 0ETE "ROWN ING 9ES EXCEPT THAT HE GAMBLED AND GOT UNDER THE WRONG COMMISSIONER (IS NAME WAS 0ETE TOO
NOT EVEN A CHAMPIONSHIP !SSOCIATION TEAM IN .EW 9ORK THAT COLLECTED ` A HEAD COULD BE AS PROlTABLE AS A ,EAGUE TEAM THAT GOT ` $AY THEN MOVED PITCHER 4IM +EEFE AND THIRD BASEMAN 4OM %STERBROOK FROM THE -ETS TO THE 'OTHAMS AFTER lRST GOING THROUGH THE ARTIlCE OF RELEASING THEM AND THEN WAITING THE REQUIRED DAYS BEFORE SIGNING THEM TO ,EAGUE CONTRACTS !NGERED BY THE CAVALIER MANNER IN WHICH $AY HAD DECIMATED THEIR PENNANT WINNER !SSOCIATION
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MOGULS WERE AGAIN ENRAGED THIS TIME ON "ROWNS OWNER #HRIS 6ON DER !HES BEHALF WHEN THEY LEARNED THE ,EAGUE MEANT TO VIOLATE THE .ATIONAL !GREEMENT BY INSTALLING A COMPETING TEAM IN 3T ,OUIS %VENTUALLY 6ON DER !HE WAS PLACATED WHEN ,UCAS GAVE HIM A CASH SETTLEMENT FOR SHAR ING THE "ROWNS TERRITORY AND THE ,EAGUE ASSURED HIM THAT THE -AROONS WOULD BE FORBIDDEN HIS THREE MAIN PERKS BEER AND BASEBALL ON 3UNDAY ALL FOR ONLY A QUARTER 6ON DER !HE WAS FURTHER ASSUAGED WHEN -ULLANE WAS SUSPENDED FOR THE ENTIRE SEASON FOLLOWING YET ANOTHER ROUND OF CONTRACT JUMPING )N ONE LAST ORDER OF BUSINESS THE ,EAGUE PERSUADED THE !SSOCIATION TO AGREE TO REINSTATE ALL OF THE PLAYERS WHO HAD BEEN BLACKLISTED FOR JUMPING TO THE 5NION !SSOCIATION ,UCASS -AROONS WERE THE CHIEF BENElCIARY OF THE LIFTING OF THE BAN ON THE 5NION JUMPERS )T FREED ,UCAS TO PLAY ALL THE STARS FROM HIS CHAMPIONSHIP TEAM ON /PENING $AY AGAINST #HICAGO PLUS *ACK 'LASSCOCK AND &ATTY "RIODY TWO FORMER #LEVELAND STALWARTS THE -AROONS ACQUIRED WHEN THE #INCINNATI 5NION TEAM DISSOLVED ,ED BY SECOND BASEMAN &RED $UNLAP AND #HARLIE 3WEENEYS PITCHING THE -AROONS CELEBRATED THEIR ,EAGUE DEBUT BY BEATING #HICAGO BUT THAT /PENING $AY WIN WOULD PROVE TO BE BOTH THEIR HIGH POINT AND THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS NADIR &OLLOWING A START THE -AROONS SOON SANK INTO THE ,EAGUE BASEMENT WHILE #HICAGO WON OF ITS NEXT GAMES AFTER OPENING ! PITCHING STAFF REBUILT AROUND *OHN #LARKSON A GAME WIN NER IN HIS lRST FULL MAJOR LEAGUE SEASON MORE THAN COMPENSATED FOR A RULE CHANGE THAT CUT THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS POWER PRODUCTION TO FOUR BAGGERS FROM A NINETEENTH CENTURY RECORD HOME RUNS THE PREVIOUS YEAR )N PLAYING IN A PARK WITH PREPOSTEROUSLY SHORT FENCES NO FEWER THAN FOUR 7HITE 3TOCKINGS HAD COMPILED MORE THAN HOME RUNS FORCING A RULE TO BE DRAFTED REDUCING A FAIRLY HIT BALL FROM A HOME RUN TO A GROUND RULED DOUBLE IF IT CLEARED A FENCE LESS THAN FEET FROM HOME PLATE "UT DESPITE THIS REVISION AND A MUCH LARGER NEW PARK #HICAGO AGAIN LED THE MAJORS IN HOME RUNS BY A WIDE MARGIN POWERING CIRCUIT CLOUTS MORE THAN THE 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS THE !SSOCI ATIONS SLUGGING LEADER IN 4HE !THLETICS WERE PRACTICALLY THE ONLY JUNIOR LOOP TEAM TO BE SPARED THE SHARP OFFENSIVE DECLINE THAT ACCOMPANIED THE !SSOCIATIONS DECISION AT A SPECIAL MEETING ON *UNE TO UNITE WITH THE ,EAGUE IN LEGALIZING OVERHAND PITCH ING !T THE SAME MEETING THE !SSOCIATION ADOPTED THE ,EAGUE RULE THAT A FOUL BALL MUST BE CAUGHT ON THE mY FOR A BATTER TO BE RETIRED
&RANK &ENNELLY THE !! LEADER IN 2") AND DOUBLE PLAYS BY A SHORTSTOP IN LOOKS MORE LIKE A POLITICIAN HERE THAN THE GAMES MOST UNDERRATED MIDDLE INlELDER DURING THE S ,ATER &ENNELLY DID INDEED BECOME A POLITICIAN SERVING IN THE -ASSACHUSETTS STATE LEGISLATURE BUT FOR SOME SEVEN SEASONS HE HIT WITH POWER STOLE LOADS OF BASES AND SCORED PLENTY OF RUNS )N &ENNELLY "ID -C0HEE (ICK #ARPENTER AND ,ONG *OHN 2EILLY WERE THE lRST INlELD UNIT TO PLAY TOGETHER AT THE SAME POSITIONS FOR FOUR STRAIGHT YEARS )N ADDITION TO RANKING ST AMONG !! SHORTSTOPS IN EVERY MAJOR SLUGGING DEPARTMENT &ENNELLY ALSO LEADS IN EVERY MAJOR CAREER lELDING DEPARTMENT EXCEPT GAMES PLAYED
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AND CREATED A NEW STATUTE GIVING THE HOME TEAM CAPTAIN THE OPTION TO BAT EITHER lRST OR LAST %ARLIER TO CURTAIL INJURIES TO RUNNERS AS THEY SLID ACROSS AN ABRASIVE HOME PLATE SURFACE THE !S SOCIATION HAD FOSTERED ANOTHER RULE CHANGE BY REQUIRING THE PLATE TO BE MADE OF RUBBER RATHER THAN STONE BUT THE ,EAGUE WOULD CONTINUE TO USE STONE PLATES UNTIL
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j^[ ckbbWd[ YWi[ 5NTIL "ID -C0HEES LONG OVERDUE SELECTION BY THE 6ETERANS #OMMITTEE IN THE (ALL OF &AME AT #OOPERSTOWN DID NOT HAVE A SINGLE MEMBER THAT WAS SELECTED FOR HIS PLAYING ACCOMPLISHMENTS AFTER SPENDING A SUBSTANTIAL PORTION OF HIS MAJOR LEAGUE CAREER IN THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION !CTUALLY ONLY TWO ENSHRINEES APART FROM -C0HEE4IM +EEFE AND 4OMMY -C#ARTHYSPENT AS MANY AS TWO SEASONS IN THE !SSOCIATION 4ONY -ULLANE MIGHT HAVE LONG AGO BECOME #OOPERSTOWNS lRST REPRE SENTATIVE FROM THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION IF HE HAD NOT BEEN SUSPENDED FOR ALL OF THE SEASON 4HE SUSPENSION WAS MEANT AS BOTH A PUNISHMENT FOR -ULLANE AND AN EXAMPLE TO OTHER PLAYERS THAT CONTRACT JUMPING WOULD NO LONGER BE TOLERATED EVEN IN AN ERA WHEN EACH SEASON BROUGHT A NEW INTER LEAGUE WAR AND THE 2ESERVE #LAUSE WAS STILL EMBRYONIC -ULLANE WAS ONE OF THE MOST COLOR FUL AND VERSATILE PLAYERS OF HIS TIME CAPABLE OF PITCHING WITH BOTH ARMS AND SUCH A NATURAL DRAWING CARD WITH HIS mAMBOYANT GOOD LOOKS THAT #INCINNATI OWNER !ARON 3TERN NEVER ONE TO MISS A TRICK DESIGNATED EVERY WEEKDAY AFTERNOON WHEN HE WAS SCHEDULED TO PITCH AS A SPECIAL h,ADIES $AYv 7HETHER OR NOT -ULLANES PUNISHMENT SERVED ANY WORTHWHILE PURPOSE IS QUESTIONABLE BUT IT ROBBED HIM OF A FULL YEAR FROM THE PRIME OF HIS CAREER -ULLANE WAS IN AND COMING OFF A SEASON IN WHICH HE HAD WON GAMES FOR A SECOND DIVISION TEAM 3INCE HE WON GAMES UPON RETURNING TO THE GAME IN EVEN THE MOST CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE WOULD GRANT HIM BETWEEN AND VICTO RIES IF HE HAD PLAYED IN -ULLANE lNISHED HIS CAREER JUST WINS SHORT OF !NOTHER OR WINS WOULD HAVE PUT HIM WELL OVER THE PINNACLE THAT HAS THUS FAR GUARANTEED ENSHRINEMENT FOR EVERY PITCHER WHO ATTAINS IT 7OULD REACHING WINS HAVE DONE AS MUCH FOR -ULLANE AND PER HAPS OPENED THE DOOR MUCH EARLIER FOR OTHER !SSOCIATION STARS AS WELL 7E WILL NEVER KNOW
"Y LEGALIZING OVERHAND PITCHING THE !SSOCIATION PUT A PREMIUM ON DEFENSE AND DARING BASE RUNNING AND THE "ROWNS QUICKLY ADAPTED UNDER THE GENERALSHIP OF lRST BASEMAN #HARLIE #OMISKEY .EVER A HIGH AVERAGE HITTER HIMSELF #OMISKEY ASSEMBLED A TEAM THAT HAD NO BAT TING TITLE QUALIlERS WHO HIT ABOVE AND SCORED NEARLY RUNS FEWER THAN THE !THLETICS BUT NEVERTHELESS WON THE PENNANT BY GAMES WHILE THE 0HILADELPHIANS SELF DESTRUCTED ON DEFENSE COMMITTING THE MOST ERRORS IN THE !SSOCIATION AND lNISHED A DISTANT TH 4HE ,EAGUE TEAM MOST AKIN TO THE "ROWNS WAS .EW 9ORK ,IKE THE "ROWNS -UTRIES 'OTHAMS TOPPED THEIR LOOP IN lELDING AVERAGE AND EARNED RUN AVERAGE -ORE THAN THAT THE 'OTHAMS ALSO LED IN BATTING AVERAGE AND THUS WON THE TEAM 4RIPLE #ROWN )N HOWEVER THE 'OTHAMS BE CAME THE ONLY TEAM 4RIPLE #ROWN WINNER IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY TO FAIL TO CAPTURE A PENNANT THOUGH THE FAULT WAS HARDLY THEIRS SINCE THEY POSTED AN ASTOUNDING WINNING PERCENTAGE "UT ALL THEIR PROlCIENCY EARNED THEM WAS A NEW NICKNAMETHE 'IANTSAND THE BEST RECORD EVER BY A ND PLACE TEAM AS #HICAGO WON AT A CLIP 4HE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO CLUBS WAS #LARKSON THE MAJORS MOST VALUABLE PLAYER IN AND SECOND BASE WHERE #HICAGOS &RED
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m[bY^=i mWj[hbee 4HE ORIGINAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BASEBALL IN CREDITED -ICKEY 7ELCH WITH A PITCHING RECORD IN AND A WINNING PERCENTAGE 4WO OF HIS WINS HAVE SINCE BEEN CREDITED TO $ANNY 2ICHARDSON AND A THIRD TO ,ARRY #ORCORAN CUTTING HIS LOG TO AND WINNING PERCENTAGE TO 4HE REDUCED lGURE IS STILL SECOND ONLY TO #HARLEY 2ADBOURNS MARK IN AMONG HURLERS WITH OR MORE WINS IN A SEASON !FTER COLLECTING HIS TH WIN HOWEVER 7ELCH SEEMED DESTINED TO SHATTER 2ADBOURNS YEAR OLD STANDARD IN A BREEZE /N THE MORNING OF 3EPTEMBER WITH THE 'IANTS IN 0HILADELPHIA TO PLAY THE 1UAKERS THAT AFTERNOON 7ELCH USING EVEN THE CURRENT STANDARD FOR RECKONING HIS WINS WAS RIDING A GAME VICTORY STREAK JUST ONE SHORT OF THE THEN EXTANT RECORD SKEIN OF WHICH ALSO HAD BEEN ESTABLISHED BY 2ADBOURN THE PREVIOUS YEAR AND STOOD AT FOR AN AMAZING WINNING PERCENTAGE 7HEN HE LOST FOR HIS lRST DEFEAT SINCE DROPPING A ONE RUN HEARTBREAKER TO "OSTON ON *ULY HE STILL HAD A WINNING PERCENTAGE VERGING ON HIS TH WIN 4HE 0HILADELPHIA GAME PROVED TO BE A 7ATERLOO FOR 7ELCH HOWEVER /VER THE lNAL MONTH OF THE SEASON HE COULD DO NO BETTER THAN SCOTCHING HIS CHANCE NOT ONLY TO POST THE BEST RECORD EVER BY A GAME WINNER BUT ALSO MORE IMPORTANTLY TO AID THE 'IANTS IN OVERTAKING #HI CAGO FOR THE ,EAGUE mAG
0FEFFER EVEN AT OUT HIT *OE 'ERHARDT HIS .EW 9ORK COUNTERPART BY POINTS AND TALLIED MORE RUNS 3O TIGHT WAS THE ,EAGUE RACE ENTERING THE lNAL DAYS OF THE SEASON THAT THE 'IANTS CAME INTO #HICAGO FOR A CRITICAL FOUR GAME SHOWDOWN SERIES TRAILING BY JUST TWO GAMES WITH EIGHT LEFT ON THE SLATE .EW 9ORK HAD PREVIOUSLY TAKEN NINE OF THE lRST CONTESTS BETWEEN THE PAIR BUT WHEN THE CHIPS WERE DOWN THE LUCK SUDDENLY TURNED /N 3EPTEMBER *IM -C#ORMICK BEAT -ICKEY 7ELCH TO EXTEND #HICAGOS LEAD TO THREE GAMES 4HE FOLLOWING DAY *OHN #LARKSON ADDED A LENGTH TO IT BY EDGING 4IM +EEFE 7HEN -C#ORMICK WON A REMATCH WITH 7ELCH ON /CTOBER +EEFES COME FROM BEHIND TRIUMPH TWO DAYS LATER WAS NECESSARY JUST TO KEEP THE 'IANTS FROM BEING MATHEMATICALLY ELIMINATED !S IT WAS .EW 9ORK LEFT THE 7INDY #ITY FOUR GAMES BACK WITH JUST FOUR TO GO A NEARLY IMPOSSIBLE DElCIT TO OVERCOME 4HE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS UNQUESTIONABLY HAD A MORE EXHAUSTING ROAD TO THE PENNANT THAN THE "ROWNS AND THE DIFFERENCE SHOWED WHEN THE TWO TEAMS MET IN THE SECOND INTER LEAGUE 7ORLDS 3ERIES 4HE BEST OF BATTLE OPENED IN #HICAGO ON /CTOBER WITH A TIE 4HE NEXT AFTERNOON IN 3T ,OUIS #OMISKEY BROUGHT A SUDDEN HALT TO PLAY BY PULLING HIS "ROWNS OFF THE lELD IN THE TH INNING WHEN UMPIRE $AVE 3ULLIVAN WOULD NOT CHANGE HIS CALL ON A BASE HIT THAT #OMISKEY
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THOUGHT WAS A FOUL BALL &ROM THE SAFETY OF HIS HOTEL ROOM 3ULLIVAN LATER FORFEITED THE GAME TO #HICAGO (E WAS REWARDED BY NEVER BEING GIVEN ANOTHER UMPIRING ASSIGNMENT IN THE MAJORS 4HE 3ERIES CONTINUED WITH (ARRY -C#AFFERY A FORMER "ROWNS SUBSTITUTE DOING THE OFlCIAT ING !FTER SPLITTING THE NEXT FOUR GAMES THE TWO COMBATANTS THEN AGREED TO COUNT THE FORFEITED GAME AS A TIE AND CONSIDER THE 3ERIES EVEN AT ALL SO THEY COULD PLAY ONE LAST GAME FOR ALL THE MARBLES 7HEN THE "ROWNS WON OVER A WEARY #HICAGO TEAM 6ON DER !HE CLAIMED THE WINNER TAKE ALL PURSE BUT NEVER RECEIVED IT 7EEKS LATER 3PORTING ,IFE THE GAMES LEAD ING ORGAN AND MOST IMPARTIAL ARBITER PROCLAIMED ALL BETS OFF hWHILE THE CHAMPIONSHIP OF THE 5NITED 3TATES FOR REMAINS IN ABEYANCEv 3O IT REMAINS TO THIS DAY
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)N CONFUSION CONTINUED TO REIGN AS TO HOW MANY TIMES A PITCHER SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO MISS THE MARK BEFORE A BATTER WAS CONCEDED A WALK 4HE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE AGAIN HIKED THE NUMBER OF BALLS TO SEVEN WHILE THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION WENT THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION REDUC ING TO SIX THE NUMBER OF INACCURATE TOSSES NEEDED FOR A FREE PASS "OTH LOOPS WERE IN ACCORD HOWEVER THAT THE PITCHERS BOX SHOULD BE LENGTHENED BY A FOOT AND THAT A RULE THE ,EAGUE HAD DISPENSED WITH THE PREVIOUS YEAR REQUIRING A PITCHER TO HAVE BOTH FEET ON THE GROUND WHILE DELIVERING THE BALL SHOULD BE PERMANENTLY ABOLISHED ,ENGTHENING THE PITCHERS BOX AIDED HURLERS SUCH AS 'UY (ECKER WHO LIKED TO CRANK UP BY GETTING A RUNNING START AND OTHER TOSSERS WERE DELIGHTED THAT THEY WOULD NOT BE RESTRICTED FROM DANCING ABOUT
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`eYae #OCKY INSOUCIANT *OCKO &LYNN STANDS BESIDE FELLOW ROOKIE *IMMY 2YAN IN THE #HICAGO 7HITE 3TOCKINGS TEAM PICTURE )T IS OUR LONE ENDURING IMAGE OF PERHAPS THE GREATEST ONE YEAR WONDER IN MAJOR LEAGUE HISTORY &LYNN A NATIVE OF ,AWRENCE -ASSACHUSETTS ARRIVED IN #HICAGO IN THE SPRING OF AS A YEAR OLD ROOKIE PITCHER OUTlELDER TOGETHER WITH HIS MINOR LEAGUE BATTERYMATE 0RUNES -OOLIC WHO ALSO MADE HIS HOME IN ,AWRENCE /VER THE NEXT lVE MONTHS &LYNN WON GAMES SO QUICKLY THAT IT WAS SAID OF HIM h/N THE STREET HE LOOKS LIKE ONE OF YOUR LAWN TENNIS DUDES /N THE lELD HE IS TO QUOTE EVERYBODY A PERFECT TERRORv 4HE WORDS HAD HARDLY APPEARED IN PRINT THAN &LYNN BLEW OUT HIS ARM .OT A GREAT ONE FOR TAKING CARE OF HIMSELF HE NEVER PITCHED AGAIN IN THE MAJORS THOUGH HE DID PLAY PART OF ONE GAME AS AN OUTlELDER EARLY THE FOLLOWING SEASON &LYNN HOLDS THE ALL TIME RECORD FOR THE MOST WINS IN THE MAJORS BY A ONE YEAR PITCHER ! LIST OF NINETEENTH CENTURY PLAYERS WHO WON OR MORE GAMES IN THE ONLY SEASONS THEY SERVED AS PITCHERS FOLLOWS
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PLAYERS TO TAKE A FRESH LOOK AT THE NOTION OF UNIONIZING %ARLY IN "ILL 6OLTZ A 0HILADELPHIA SPORTSWRITER WHO HAD HELPED TO START SEVERAL MINOR LEAGUES PROPOSED CREATING A PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL PLAYERS BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION OR h"ROTHERHOODv TO PROVIDE HEALTH INSURANCE AND EMERGENCY FUNDS FOR INJURED OR NEEDY PLAYERS 6OLTZ FOUND ONLY LUKEWARM INTEREST IN HIS PLAN UNTIL HE APPROACHED THE .EW 9ORK ,EAGUE CLUB 'IANTS CAPTAIN *OHN 7ARD NOT ONLY LIKED 6OLTZS "ROTHERHOOD IDEA BUT INTRODUCED THE POSSIBILITY OF MAKING IT A TRADE UNION /N /CTOBER JUST DAYS BEFORE THE SALARY LIMIT BECAME LAW 7ARD AND SEVERAL OTHER 'IANTS NO TABLY 4IM +EEFE AND "UCK %WING FORMED THE lRST CHAPTER OF THE "ROTHERHOOD OF 0ROFESSIONAL "ASEBALL 0LAYERS "Y THE CLOSE OF THE SEASON THE "ROTHERHOOD HAD MORE THAN MEMBERS AND CHAPTERS IN EVERY ,EAGUE CITY )NCLUDED UNDER 7ARDS AEGIS WERE PLAYERS IN 7ASHINGTON AND +ANSAS #ITY THE ,EAGUES TWO NEWEST ENTRIES !FTER THE 0ROVIDENCE AND "UFFALO FRANCHISES WENT BANKRUPT AND FOLDED FOLLOWING THE SEASON .ICK 9OUNG WHO HAD REPLACED !BRAHAM -ILLS AS ,EAGUE PRESIDENT PRESIDED OVER 7ASHINGTONS FORMAL ADMISSION ON *ANUARY ! MONTH LATER +ANSAS #ITY WAS AC
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ikf[h i[Wied \eh iekj^fWmi 5NTIL THE LATE S ANALYSTS BELIEVED THERE WAS ONE POSITION ON THE DIAMOND THAT A LEFT HANDER COULD NEVER HOPE TO PLAY SUCCESSFULLY )T WAS NOT SHORTSTOP OR CATCHER 4HERE WERE PLENTY OF SOUTH PAWS AT THOSE POSITIONS IN THE S AND THERE WERE ALSO LOTS OF LEFTY THIRD BASEMEN AND SECOND BASEMEN "UT THE GAME EVEN AS LATE AS THE BEGINNING OF THE SEASON HAD NEVER SEEN A LEFT HANDED PITCHER OF MUCH NOTE 4HE RECORD FOR THE MOST WINS IN A SEASON BY A SOUTHPAW STILL BE LONGED TO *OHN -C-ULLIN WHO TALLIED VICTORIES FOR 4ROY IN THE .ATIONAL !SSOCIATIONS lRST SEASON )N THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUES MAIDEN SEASON IN CONTRAST NOT A SINGLE DECISION WAS REGISTERED BY A LEFT HANDED PITCHER %XACTLY TEN YEARS LATER THE MYTH THAT A SOUTHPAW COULD NEVER BE A GREAT PITCHER WAS DISPELLED ONCE AND FOR ALL !CTUALLY THE SEASON WAS PROBABLY THE RICHEST EVER FOR LEFT HANDED PITCHING FEATS 2OOKIE "ALTIMORE SOUTHPAW -ATT +ILROY RANG UP AN ALL TIME RECORD STRIKEOUTS AND ,OUIS VILLES LEFTY ACE 4OAD 2AMSEY WAS ONLY A HAIR LESS AWESOME WITH +S IN HIS lRST FULL SEASON 4HE THIRD BEST STRIKEOUT TOTAL IN THE MAJORS IN BELONGED TO ANOTHER !SSOCIATION SOUTHPAW %D -OR RIS OF 0ITTSBURGH AND FOURTH ON THE MAJORS + LIST WAS $ETROITS ,ADY "ALDWIN WHO ALSO THREW FROM THE PORT SIDE )N ADDITION "ALDWIN IN SET THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE RECORD FOR MOST WINS BY A LEFTY WITH BREAKING -ORRISS YEAR OLD MAJOR LEAGUE MARK OF 4HE FOLLOWING SEASON +ILROY WOULD ES TABLISH THE ALL TIME RECORD FOR A LEFT HANDER WHEN HE WON GAMES FOR "ALTIMORE BUT -ORRIS WOULD TURN OUT TO BE THE MOST ENDURING OF THE FOUR SOUTHPAW STARS IN WINNING GAMES THE MOST OF ANY LEFTY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
CEPTED AS A COMPROMISE WHEN A CLANDESTINE PLOT TO lLL THE VACANCY WITH A TEAM FROM THE !S SOCIATION #INCINNATI WAS THE MOST COVETED CANDIDATE FELL THROUGH "LISSFULLY UNAWARE OF THE ,EAGUES BEHIND THE SCENES MANEUVERINGS THE !SSOCIATION FOR THE lRST TIME BEGAN A NEW SEASON WITH THE SAME EIGHT TEAM CREW THAT HAD VOYAGED UNDER ITS BAN NER THE PREVIOUS YEAR 4HE JUNIOR CIRCUIT WAS NOT WITHOUT INTERNAL STRIFE HOWEVER AS PRESIDENT $ENNY -C+NIGHT WAS DEPOSED IN LATE -ARCH FOLLOWING HIS INEPT HANDLING OF A CONTRACT WRANGLE INVOLVING 3AM "ARKLEY THAT HAD BEEN PRECEDED BY AN ILL CONCEIVED ATTEMPT TO OUST THE .EW 9ORK -ETS FROM THE !SSOCIATION 7HEN THE -ETS REFUSED TO CEDE THEIR BERTH AND "ARKLEY UNPOPULAR WITH BOTH 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS OWNER #HRIS 6ON DER !HE AND MANAGER #HARLIE #OMISKEY ENDED UP WITH -C+NIGHTS 0ITTSBURGH CLUB DESPITE "ILLY "ARNIES HEATED PROTEST THAT HE BELONGED TO "ALTIMORE -C+NIGHT WAS ORDERED TO TURN OVER ALL OFlCIAL LOOP DOCUMENTS TO 7HEELER 7YCKOFF WHO MOVED UP FROM !SSOCIATION SECRETARY TO BE ITS NEW CHIEFTAIN "ARKLEYS ADDITION SOLIDIlED 0ITTSBURGHS INlELD AND HELPED MAKE (ORACE 0HILLIPSS SQUAD THE TOP DEFENSIVE UNIT IN THE !SSOCIATION BUT THE DEFENDING CHAMPION "ROWNS WERE ONLY A FRACTION
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j^[ mehij ^_jj_d] j[Wc [l[h -ATT +ILROYS SINGLE SEASON STRIKEOUT RECORD OF IN IS ALL THE MORE REMARKABLE IN THAT HE ACHIEVED IT WITHOUT THE BENElT OF FACING HIS OWN "ALTIMORE /RIOLES TEAMMATES WHO HAPPENED TO BE THE WORST ASSEMBLAGE OF HITTERS IN MAJOR LEAGUE HISTORY 4HE /RIOLES NOT ONLY BATTED AN EXECRABLE THE POOREST AVERAGE EVER BY A TEAM PLAYING A FULL SCHEDULE BUT MANAGED TO COL LECT ONLY EXTRA BASE HITS IN GAMES #ONSEQUENTLY +ILROYS TEAMMATES ALSO COMPILED THE SECOND LOWEST SLUGGING AVERAGE EVER AT 2IGHTlELDER *ACK -ANNING LED THE /RIOLES IN VIRTUALLY EVERY OFFENSIVE DEPARTMENT DESPITE HITTING A MEAGER (IS DOUBLES TIED FOR THE TEAM LEAD HIS SEVEN TRIPLES WERE ONLY ONE BEHIND LEADER -IKE -ULDOON AND HE TIED FOR ND IN HOMERS WITH ONE -ANNINGS TOTAL BASES ALSO LED "ALTIMORE BY A SUBSTANTIAL MARGIN )NDEED ONLY FOUR /RIOLES -ANNING *OE 3OMMER -ILT 3COTT AND -ULDOONCOLLECTED AS MANY AS TOTAL BASES 3COTT SET AN ALL TIME RECORD FOR THE FEWEST TOTAL BASES BY A lRST BASEMAN WITH OR MORE AT BATS AND BY THE END OF THE SEASON USUALLY BATTED BEHIND THE PITCHER !CTUALLY MANAGER "ILL "ARNIE SO DESPAIRED OF GETTING ANY RUN PRODUCTION FROM HIS REGULARS THAT HE FREQUENTLY BATTED HIS PITCHERS IN THE MIDDLE OF THE ORDER (ERE ARE THE /RIOLES TEAM hLEADERSv IN EACH MAJOR BATTING DEPARTMENT !T "ATS *OE 3OMMER (ITS *ACK -ANNING 2UNS *OE 3OMMER $OUBLES *OE 3OMMER *ACK -ANNING 4RIPLES -IKE -ULDOON (OME 2UNS -ILT 3COTT 2") *OE 3OMMER -ILT 3COTT 4OTAL "ASES *ACK -ANNING 3TOLEN "ASES *OE 3OMMER 7ALKS *ACK -ANNING "! *ACK -ANNING 3! *ACK -ANNING /"0 *ACK -ANNING
4HE /RIOLES ENTRY HOLDS THE RECORD WITH A 3!
LESS STINGY AT GIVING UP UNEARNED RUNS 3INCE 3T ,OUIS ALSO OWNED BOTH THE !SSOCIATIONS BEST OFFENSIVE UNIT AND BEST PITCHING STAFF BY FAR IT SIGNALED AN EASY REPEAT PENNANT 7ITHOUT A SINGLE BATTER AMONG THE LOOP LEADERS THE PREVIOUS YEAR IN #OMISKEY BOASTED THREE HITTERS IN 4IP /.EILL "OB #ARUTHERS AND !RLIE ,ATHAM )N ADDITION TO SWATTING #ARUTHERS ALSO LED THE !SSOCIATION IN WINS AND ,ATHAM SET A NEW LOOP RECORD BY TALLYING RUNS (OWEVER
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4HE 3T ,OUIS -AROONS WERE AKA THE h"LACK $IAMONDSv BECAUSE SO MANY OF THEM WERE BLACKLISTED FOR PLAYING IN THE 5NION !SSOCIATION 4OP !L "AUER #HARLIE 3WEENEY *ERRY $ENNY %MMETT 3EERY 0ATSY #AHILL AND *ACK 'LASSCOCK -IDDLE (ENRY "OYLE *ACK -C'EACHY *OHN (EALY MANAGER 'US 3CHMELZ 4OM $OLAN *ACK +IRBY AND !LEX -C+INNON "OTTOM *OE 1UINN &RED $UNLAP AND 'EORGE -YERS /N A TRAIN TRIP TO $ETROIT IN *ULY $ENNY UNDRESSED AFTER A NIGHT OF IMBIBING AND CRAWLED INTO WHAT HE THOUGHT WAS HIS BERTH IN THE SLEEPING CAR 7HEN HE SAW A SLUMBERING FORM ALREADY THERE HE THOUGHT IT WAS +IRBY PULLING A PRANK AND WHACKED HIM HARD ON THE BOTTOM "UT IT WAS A TEENAGE GIRL AND HER FATHER NEARLY THROTTLED THE MORTIlED $ENNY +IRBY MORTIlED MANY A MANAGER WHO MADE HIM A PROJECT FOR REFORM ONLY TO DESPAIR QUICKLY OF EVER MAKING HIM PITCH UP TO HIS POTENTIAL !FTER LISTENING TO )NDIANAPOLIS (OOSIERS MANAGER 7ATCH "URNHAM GRIPE ABOUT HIM IN THE TEAM CORRESPONDENT WROTE IN 3PORTING ,IFE +IRBY hIS A BULLHEAD MULISH INGRATE AND APPARENTLY WITHOUT SENSE OF HONOR OR A SINGLE MANLY INSTINCTv
,ATHAM AND HIS TEAMMATES CARVED THEIR REPUTATION MORE ON THEIR ENTERPRISING BASE RUNNING DISRUPTIVE BASE COACHING AND RELENTLESS UMPIRE INTIMIDATION THAN ON THEIR STATISTICS #HICAGO THE ,EAGUE CHAMPION ALSO WON ITS SECOND STRAIGHT mAG BUT ONLY AFTER ANOTHER DOWN TO THE WIRE BATTLE 4HE CHALLENGE ON THIS OCCASION CAME FROM THE $ETROIT 7OLVERINES A PERENNIAL LOSER SUDDENLY SHOT TO PROMINENCE BY THE ARRIVAL OF THE FOUR CORE MEMBERS OF THE "UFFALO "ISONS THAT THE -ICHIGAN CLUB HAD ATTEMPTED TO ANNEX THE PREVIOUS FALL 3O CENTRAL TO $ETROITS IMPROVEMENT WAS THE QUARTET OF $AN "ROUTHERS $EACON 7HITE *ACK 2OWE AND (ARDY 2ICHARDSON THAT THEY BEGGED COMPARISON TO THE FOUR STARS #HICAGO HAD PILFERED FROM "OSTON TEN YEARS EARLIER AND WERE CHRISTENED THE SECOND h"IG &OURv 4HE EX "ISONS TOGETHER WITH EMERG ING STAR 3AM 4HOMPSON AND #HARLIE "ENNETT THE GAMES lNEST ALL AROUND CATCHER IN THE MID S AIDED PITCHERS ,ADY "ALDWIN AND #HARLIE 'ETZEIN TO POST A COMPOSITE RECORD AFTER WINNING JUST GAMES BETWEEN THEM IN 3TILL THE PAIR WAS A STEP BEHIND #HICAGO WHICH GOT WINS FROM *OHN #LARKSON AND *IM -C#ORMICK WHILE ROOKIE mASH *OCKO &LYNN CHIPPED IN
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ANOTHER VICTORIES !FTER POSTING A RECORD AS OF *ULY THE SEASONS TRADITIONAL MIDPOINT $ETROIT STUMBLED IN !UGUST WINNING JUST OF GAMES WHILE #HICAGO WAS VICTORIOUS IN OF &OR THE REST OF THE SEASON THE 7OLVERINES PLAYED CATCH UP BUT WERE UNABLE TO REGAIN THE LOST GROUND lNISHING TWO AND A HALF GAMES IN ARREARS "EFORE EMBARKING ON THEIR SECOND CONSECUTIVE 7ORLDS 3ERIES CONFRONTATION WITH #HICAGO THE "ROWNS TUNED UP BY SWEEPING FOUR STRAIGHT GAMES FROM THE ,EAGUE -AROONS TO SNARE BRAGGING RIGHTS TO 3T ,OUIS 4HE CITY SERIES WITH THE "ROWNS WAS THE -AROONS LAST GASP BEFORE DISSOLVING AND YIELDING MOST OF THEIR BETTER PLAYERS TO A REPLACEMENT FRANCHISE IN )NDIANAPOLIS AND IT WAS NEARLY THE DEATH KNELL FOR THE "ROWNS SEASON TOO WHEN #ARUTHERS HURT HIS KNEE AND WAS UNABLE TO PITCH THE OPENING GAME AT #HICAGO #OMISKEY TURNED INSTEAD TO $AVE &OUTZ BUT AFTER THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS TAPPED &OUTZ FOR TWO RUNS IN THE BOTTOM OF THE ST #LARKSON WALTZED TO A WIN #ARUTHERS RECOVERED SUFlCIENTLY BY THE FOLLOWING AFTERNOON TO DRUB -C#ORMICK BUT WHEN HE TRIED TO HURL TWO DAYS IN A ROW #HICAGO BLASTED HIM 4HE TEAMS THEN JOURNEYED TO 3T ,OUIS WITH THE "ROWNS DOWN IN THE BEST OF FRAY "UT AS HAD HAPPENED IN #LARK SON AND -C#ORMICK HAD BEEN DRAINED BY THE ARDUOUS PENNANT RACE AND &LYNNS ARM WAS SO FRAZZLED THAT HE WAS LEFT BEHIND IN #HICAGO 3HORT OF PITCHING THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS WERE FORCED TO USE #LARKSON FOR A SECOND DAY IN A ROW AND THEN HAD TO PUT SHORTSTOP .ED 7ILLIAMSON IN THE BOX !FTER LOSING BOTH CONTESTS BY LOP SIDED SCORES #AP !NSON SUDDENLY FOUND HIS TEAM DOWN AND ON THE VERGE OF ELIMINATION &OR 'AME 3IX !NSON AGAIN SUMMONED #LARKSON MAKING HIS FOURTH START IN SIX DAYS #LARKSON GAVE IT A VALIANT EFFORT AND TOOK A LEAD INTO THE BOTTOM OF THE EIGHTH BUT A CRITICAL MISPLAY BY LEFTlELDER !BNER $ALRYMPLE ON ,ATHAMS LONG mY TIED THE COUNT 4HE DEADLOCK WAS BROKEN WHEN #URT 7ELCH LED OFF THE TH WITH A SINGLE ONLY THE "ROWNS FOURTH HIT OFF #LARKSON 7ELCH TOOK SECOND ON &OUTZS INlELD HIT AND THEN WAS SACRI lCED TO THIRD BY 9ANK 2OBINSON 7ITH BASE COACH !RLIE ,ATHAM HECKLING HIM AND 7ELCH SCAM PERING UP AND DOWN THE LINE AS IF THREATENING TO STEAL HOME PERHAPS #LARKSON GREW RATTLED )N ANY EVENT HE THREW A PITCH TO $OC "USHONG THAT ELUDED #HICAGO CATCHER -IKE +ELLY AND 7ELCH RACED HOME 7HETHER 7ELCH SLID OR SCORED STANDING UP WILL BE FOREVER DEBATED AS WILL WHETHER HIS RUN CAME ON A WILD PITCH OR A PASSED BALL +ELLY LATER OFFERED LITTLE ILLUMINATION WHEN HE SAID h) SIGNALED #LARKSON FOR A LOW BALL ON ONE SIDE AND WHEN IT CAME IT WAS HIGH UPON THE OTHER )T STRUCK MY HAND AS ) TRIED TO GET IT AND ) WOULD SAY IT WAS A PASSED BALL 9OU CAN GIVE IT TO ME IF YOU WANT TO #LARKSON TOLD ME THAT IT SLIPPED FROM HIS HANDSv 4HE "ROWNS POST 3ERIES VICTORY PARADE SEEMED AT THE TIME AS IF IT WOULD BE ONLY THE lRST OF MANY SUCH CELEBRATIONS FOR THE !SSOCIATION BUT THE REBEL LOOP NEVER HAD ANOTHER MOMENT LIKE IT %VEN AS ,EAGUE MOGULS WERE CONGRATULATING THEIR !SSOCIATION BRETHREN ON A VICTORY WELL DONE THEY WERE GEARING UP FOR A NEW WAR
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4(% 3%!3/.!, 2%#/2$ .!4)/.!, ,%!'5% ' 7 , 0CT ( 2 '" !TTENDANCE #HICAGO 7HITE 3TOCKINGS $ETROIT 7OLVERINES .EW 9ORK 'IANTS 0HILADELPHIA 0HILLIES "OSTON "EANEATERS 3T ,OUIS -AROONS +ANSAS #ITY #OWBOYS 7ASHINGTON .ATIONALS
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3%!3/. ,%!$%23 "ATTING !VERAGE !"S
3LUGGING !VERAGE
/N "ASE 0ERCENTAGE
- +ELLY #HICAGO !NSON #HICAGO "ROUTHERS $ETROIT #ONNOR .EW 9ORK ( 2ICHARDSON $ETROIT
"ROUTHERS $ETROIT !NSON #HICAGO #ONNOR .EW 9ORK - +ELLY #HICAGO ( 2ICHARDSON $ETROIT
- +ELLY #HICAGO "ROUTHERS $ETROIT 'ORE #HICAGO !NSON #HICAGO #ONNOR .EW 9ORK
4OTAL "ASES
(OME 2UNS
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"ROUTHERS $ETROIT !NSON #HICAGO ( 2ICHARDSON $ETROIT #ONNOR .EW 9ORK - +ELLY #HICAGO
( 2ICHARDSON $ETROIT "ROUTHERS $ETROIT !NSON #HICAGO 0 (INES 7ASHINGTON $ENNY 3T ,OUIS
!NSON #HICAGO 0FEFFER #HICAGO 4HOMPSON $ETROIT 2OWE $ETROIT 7ARD .EW 9ORK
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( 2ICHARDSON $ETROIT !NSON #HICAGO "ROUTHERS $ETROIT - +ELLY #HICAGO #ONNOR .EW 9ORK
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'ORE #HICAGO - +ELLY #HICAGO 7ILLIAMSON #HICAGO "ROUTHERS $ETROIT 2ADFORD +ANSAS #ITY
3TRIKEOUTS
3TOLEN "ASES
/03
3EERY 3T ,OUIS -ORRILL "OSTON ,ILLIE +ANSAS #ITY #AHILL 3T ,OUIS 7OOD 0HILADELPHIA
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+EEFE .EW 9ORK 2ADBOURN "OSTON 7ELCH .EW 9ORK , "ALDWIN $ETROIT #LARKSON #HICAGO
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!NSON #HICAGO #ONNOR .EW 9ORK -C1UERY +ANSAS #ITY
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$ENNY 0ROVIDENCE 4 "URNS #HICAGO $ 7HITE $ETROIT $ONNELLY +ANSAS #ITY
%STERBROOK .EW 9ORK $ENNY 3T ,OUIS 4 "URNS #HICAGO
33 7ILLIAMSON #HICAGO 'LASSCOCK 3T ,OUIS ! )RWIN 0HILADELPHIA
'LASSCOCK 3T ,OUIS 7ARD .EW 9ORK 7ILLIAMSON #HICAGO
'LASSCOCK 3T ,OUIS ! )RWIN 0HILADELPHIA "ASSETT +ANSAS #ITY
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$ONNELLY +ANSAS #ITY $ 7HITE $ETROIT $ENNY 3T ,OUIS
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33 'LASSCOCK 3T ,OUIS 7ARD .EW 9ORK 7ILLIAMSON #HICAGO
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#& 'ORE #HICAGO (ANLON $ETROIT *OHNSTON "OSTON ,& # #ARROLL 7ASHINGTON ,ILLIE +ANSAS #ITY 7OOD 0HILADELPHIA 3EERY 3T ,OUIS
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Z[jhe_j "ILL 7ATKINS 2ECREATION 0ARK
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' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3" ("0 "! 3! /"0 " *OE 7ERRICK 33 "ILL 7HITE 2& *IMMY 7OLF #" *OHN +ERINS " 2EDDY -ACK #& 0ETE "ROWNING 0 'UY (ECKER ,& *OE 3TRAUSS # !MOS #ROSS " 0AUL #OOK 0 4OAD 2AMSEY 3UB ,OU 3YLVESTER 3UB (UB #OLLINS 3UB "ONES %LY 0 4OM 3ULLIVAN 3UB ,EECH -ASKREY 0 )CEBOX #HAMBERLAIN 3UB 0HIL 2ECCIUS 0 4ED +ENNEDY 3UB *ACK (EINZMAN 0 *OE .EALE 3UB 4OM 4ERRELL 3UB #LARENCE -URPHY
"+ERINS #OOK (ECKER #ROSS 7OLF (EINZMAN #OLLINS "-ACK 7OLF #OLLINS 337HITE +ERINS #ROSS #OLLINS "7ERRICK #OLLINS /&7OLF "ROWNING 3TRAUSS 3YLVESTER #OLLINS (ECKER +ERINS -ASKREY 2ECCIUS %LY #OOK #HAMBERLAIN .EALE #ROSS 3ULLIVAN -URPHY 4ERRELL #+ERINS #ROSS #OOK 7OLF 3TRAUSS 4ERRELL 02AMSEY (ECKER 3ULLIVAN %LY #HAMBERLAIN +ENNEDY 3TRAUSS 2ECCIUS 7HITE 7OLF .EALE 2ECCIUS
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! -ACK 7ERRICK 7HITE 7OLF
" " 33 2&
JFG
JFH
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"ROWNING #& 3TRAUSS ,& 2AMSEY 0 +ERINS # h " (ECKER 0 h " h 2& #ROSS # h " 3YLVESTER ,& #OOK " h # #OLLINS ,&
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! (" 70 (2 4OAD 2AMSEY 'UY (ECKER 4OM 3ULLIVAN "ONES %LY 4ED +ENNEDY )CEBOX #HAMBERLAIN *OE .EALE *OE 3TRAUSS *IMMY 7OLF 0HIL 2ECCIUS "ILL 7HITE
Y_dY_ddWj_ /PIE #AYLOR !MERICAN 0ARK
' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3" ("0 "! 3! /"0 " "ID -C0HEE 2& 0OP #ORKHILL ,& #HARLEY *ONES 33 &RANK &ENNELLY " (ICK #ARPENTER " ,ONG *OHN 2EILLY #& &RED ,EWIS 0 4ONY -ULLANE # +ID "ALDWIN # 0OP 3NYDER 3UB *IM +EENAN 0 'EORGE 0ECHINEY 3UB ,EECH -ASKREY 0 ,ARRY -C+EON 0 !BNER 0OWELL 3UB ,OU 3YLVESTER 3UB ,EE 2ICHMOND 3UB ,EFTY -ARR 0 %LMER 3MITH 0 *OE -URPHY 0 7ILL 7HITE 0 "ILL )RWIN 0 #LARENCE 3TEPHENS
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' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3" ("0 "! 3! /"0 3UB *ACK "OYLE 0 3MITH 0 $AN "ICKHAM 3UB &ARMER 6AUGHN 0 *ERRY 2EARDON
"2EILLY 3NYDER #ORKHILL +EENAN -ULLANE -C+EON "-C0HEE -ULLANE -C+EON 33&ENNELLY 0OWELL #ORKHILL -ULLANE "#ARPENTER "ALDWIN #ORKHILL +EENAN -ASKREY -ULLANE ,EWIS /&*ONES #ORKHILL ,EWIS -ULLANE -ASKREY 3YLVESTER 0OWELL -ARR 2ICHMOND +EENAN 2EILLY "ALDWIN 0ECHINEY 3NYDER 2EARDON % 3MITH #"ALDWIN 3NYDER +EENAN "OYLE 6AUGHN 0-ULLANE 0ECHINEY -C+EON % 3MITH -URPHY 0OWELL 2ICHMOND 7HITE +EENAN )RWIN "ICKHAM 2EARDON 3TEPHENS #ORKHILL 3MITH 0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! -C0HEE " &ENNELLY 33 *ONES ,& #ORKHILL 2& h " #ARPENTER " 2EILLY " ,EWIS #& "ALDWIN # h " -ULLANE 0 h 2& 3NYDER # h " 0ECHINEY 0 +EENAN # -ASKREY #& -C+EON 0 3YLVESTER ,& 0OWELL #&
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! (" 70 (2 4ONY -ULLANE 'EORGE 0ECHINEY ,ARRY -C+EON %LMER 3MITH *OE -URPHY 7ILL 7HITE ,EE 2ICHMOND "ILL )RWIN !BNER 0OWELL $AN "ICKHAM 3MITH *IM +EENAN #LARENCE 3TEPHENS *ERRY 2EARDON 0OP #ORKHILL
JFI
JFJ
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f^_b WZ[bf^_W
,EW 3IMMONS "ILL 3HARSIG !THLETICS 0ARK
' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3" ("0 "! 3! /"0 ,& 4ED ,ARKIN " ,OU "IERBAUER 2& *OHN #OLEMAN " (ARRY 3TOVEY 54 *ACK /"RIEN # 7ILBERT 2OBINSON # *ACK -ILLIGAN " *ACK 'LEASON 33 #HIPPY -C'ARR #& %D 'REER 3UB *OE 1UEST 0 !L !TKINSON 3UB $ENNY ,YONS 0 "OBBY -ATHEWS 3UB /RATOR 3HAFFER 0 "ILL (ART 0 4ED +ENNEDY 0 #YCLONE -ILLER 3UB 'EORGE "RADLEY 3UB *OHN )RWIN 0 "UCK 7EAVER 0 *AKE !YDELOTT 0 #HARLIE 'ESSNER 0 2EX 3MITH 0 *IM (YNDMAN 0 *IM "ROWN 3UB #HARLIE +ELLY 0 %D #LARK
"3TOVEY -ILLIGAN /"RIEN 2OBINSON #OLEMAN 7EAVER ""IERBAUER /"RIEN 1UEST #OLEMAN 33-C'ARR 1UEST "RADLEY /"RIEN "IERBAUER )RWIN +ELLY "'LEASON ,YONS /"RIEN -ILLIGAN )RWIN -ILLER /&,ARKIN #OLEMAN 'REER 3TOVEY 3HAFFER -ILLIGAN 2OBINSON /"RIEN (YNDMAN -ILLER -ATHEWS #2OBINSON -ILLIGAN /"RIEN "IERBAUER 'REER 0!TKINSON -ATHEWS (ART +ENNEDY -ILLER #OLEMAN 7EAVER !YDELOTT "IERBAUER 3TOVEY 'ESSNER #LARK 3MITH "ROWN (YNDMAN
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! ,ARKIN "IERBAUER #OLEMAN 'LEASON -C'ARR 'REER 3TOVEY h 2OBINSON h !TKINSON 1UEST
,& " 2& " 33 #& #& " # " 0 33
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0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! -ILLIGAN # h " /"RIEN # h " h " h 33 ,YONS " -ATHEWS 0 (ART 0 3HAFFER /& +ENNEDY 0 -ILLER 0 "RADLEY 33
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! (" 70 (2 !L !TKINSON "OBBY -ATHEWS "ILL (ART 4ED +ENNEDY #YCLONE -ILLER *OHN #OLEMAN *AKE !YDELOTT "UCK 7EAVER ,OU "IERBAUER 2EX 3MITH *IM "ROWN #HARLIE 'ESSNER %D #LARK *IM (YNDMAN (ARRY 3TOVEY
.O HIT GAME VS .EW 9ORK -AY
d[m oeha
*IM 'IFFORD "OB &ERGUSON 3T 'EORGE 'ROUNDS
' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3" ("0 "! 3! /"0 " $AVE /RR ,& #HIEF 2OSEMAN " &RANK (ANKINSON 2& 3TEVE "RADY 33/& #ANDY .ELSON " 4OM &ORSTER 33 4OM -C,AUGHLIN # #HARLIE 2EIPSCHLAGER #& 3TEVE "EHEL 3UB *OHN -EISTER 3UB *IM $ONAHUE # "ILL (OLBERT 0 *ACK ,YNCH 0 !L -AYS 0 %D #USHMAN
JFK
JFL
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' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3" ("0 "! 3! /"0 3UB %LMER &OSTER 3UB *OE #ROTTY 0 *OHN 3HAFFER 3UB #HIEF :IMMER 3UB 0AT #ONNELL 0 (ARRY "ROOKS
"/RR "RADY "&ORSTER -EISTER &OSTER -C,AUGHLIN 33.ELSON -C,AUGHLIN &ORSTER (OLBERT "(ANKINSON #ONNELL /&2OSEMAN "RADY "EHEL .ELSON $ONAHUE &OSTER 2EIPSCHLAGER &ORSTER (OLBERT "ROOKS -C,AUGHLIN #2EIPSCHLAGER (OLBERT $ONAHUE #ROTTY :IMMER 0,YNCH -AYS #USHMAN 3HAFFER "ROOKS 2OSEMAN
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! /RR " (ANKINSON " 2OSEMAN ,& "RADY 2& .ELSON 33 h #& -C,AUGHLIN 33 h " &ORSTER " "EHEL #& 2EIPSCHLAGER # ,YNCH 0 (OLBERT # -EISTER " -AYS 0 #USHMAN 0 $ONAHUE #& h # &OSTER " h 2& #ROTTY #
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! (" 70 (2 *ACK ,YNCH !L -AYS %D #USHMAN *OHN 3HAFFER #HIEF 2OSEMAN (ARRY "ROOKS
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X W bj _c eh[ "ILLY "ARNIE /RIOLE 0ARK )
' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3" ("0 "! 3! /"0 ,& *OE 3OMMER 2& *ACK -ANNING " -ILT 3COTT " -IKE -ULDOON 54 *OE &ARRELL # #HRIS &ULMER 33 *IMMY -ACULLAR #& 3ADIE (OUCK 0 -ATT +ILROY " *UMBO $AVIS #& 0AT /#ONNELL #& "USTER (OOVER # 4OM $OLAN 3UB "LONDIE 0URCELL 3UB "ILL 4RAFmEY 0 *UMBO -C'INNIS 3UB *IM #LINTON 3UB ,EN 3OWDERS 0 (ARDIE (ENDERSON 0 "ILLY 4AYLOR 3UB !BNER 0OWELL 3UB %D 'REER 0 $ICK #ONWAY 3UB "ILL #ONWAY 3UB .ED "LIGH 3UB "ILLY "ARNIE 3UB 3ANDY .AVA 0 "ILL (OUSEMAN 3UB 4ONY (ELLMAN 0 %D +NOUFF 0 "ILL :AY
"3COTT 4AYLOR /#ONNELL 3OWDERS "-ULDOON &ARRELL 3OMMER (OUCK -ACULLAR 33-ACULLAR (OUCK 3OMMER .AVA 0URCELL "$AVIS -ULDOON &ARRELL 3OMMER /&-ANNING 3OMMER /#ONNELL (OOVER 0URCELL #LINTON 3OWDERS &ULMER 'REER 0OWELL $OLAN -ACULLAR +ILROY -C'INNIS :AY $ #ONWAY (OUCK &ARRELL 0URCELL "ARNIE #&ULMER $OLAN 4RAFmEY " #ONWAY "LIGH "ARNIE 'REER 4AYLOR .AVA (ELLMAN 0+ILROY -C'INNIS (ENDERSON $ #ONWAY 4AYLOR 0OWELL +NOUFF 3COTT -ACULLAR :AY 3OMMER &ULMER (OUSEMAN /#ONNELL 0URCELL
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! 3COTT -ANNING 3OMMER h h -ACULLAR &ULMER h
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JFM
JFN
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0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! +ILROY 0 $AVIS " -ULDOON " h " (OUCK 33 &ARRELL " h " /#ONNELL #& (OOVER #& $OLAN # -C'INNIS 0 0URCELL ,& 4RAFmEY # #LINTON #& 3OWDERS #& (ENDERSON 0
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! (" 70 (2 -ATT +ILROY *UMBO -C'INNIS (ARDIE (ENDERSON $ICK #ONWAY "ILLY 4AYLOR !BNER 0OWELL %D +NOUFF "ILL (OUSEMAN *OE 3OMMER -ILT 3COTT 0AT /#ONNELL "ILL :AY *IMMY -ACULLAR #HRIS &ULMER "LONDIE 0URCELL
.O HIT GAME VS 0ITTSBURGH /CTOBER
GNNM j^[ b ed]B b ed] i[Wied
7HEN THE TWO MAJOR LEAGUES MET IN THE FALL OF TO HAMMER OUT WRINKLES IN THE .ATIONAL !GREEMENT AND THE PLAYING RULES THEY MET AS EQUALS "UT THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION FAILED TO GRASP THAT THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE HAD A HIDDEN AGENDA .O SOONER HAD THE INTER LEAGUE CONFERENCE ENDED THAN THE SENIOR CIRCUIT TWISTED THE SPAT BETWEEN 0ITTSBURGH AND THE !SSOCIATION TO ITS OWN ENDS BY LURING THE !LLEGHENY CLUB TO BOLT TO THE ,EAGUE IN PLACE OF THE mOUNDERING +ANSAS #ITY FRANCHISE .OTWITHSTANDING THIS SHAMELESS THEFT OF ITS SECOND STRONGEST TEAM IN THE !SSOCIATION CONTINUED TO ACT THE DOVE AND TO HONOR ITS COMMITMENT TO BE GOVERNED HENCEFORWARD BY THE SAME PLAYING RULES AS THE ,EAGUE 4HAT AGREEMENT MEANT HAVING TO DRAFT PRACTICALLY A WHOLE NEW RULEBOOK .EVER BEFORE AND NEVER AGAIN DID THE GAME UNDERGO AS MANY CHANGES AS OCCURRED IN !MONG THE MYRIAD OF INNOVATIONS WERE ESTABLISHING THE STOLEN BASE AS AN OFlCIAL STATISTIC MAKING THE HIT BATSMAN RULE A UNIVERSAL PART OF THE GAME ALLOWING THE HOME CLUB CAPTAIN TO BE THE SOLE JUDGE OF THE lTNESS OF HIS lELD FOR RESUMING PLAY AFTER A RAIN DELAY WHICH LED TO OBVIOUS ABUSES MANDATING THAT A TEAM COULD NO LONGER PLAY WITH FEWER THAN NINE MEN PREVIOUSLY TEAMS HAD SOMETIMES PLAYED WITH EIGHT USUALLY AFTER A SUBSTITUTE FOR AN INJURED PLAYER WAS DENIED BY THE OPPOSING CAPTAIN AND REQUIRING EVERY POTENTIAL PARTICIPANT IN A GAME TO BE ON THE BENCH IN FULL UNIFORM PREVIOUSLY SUBSTI TUTES WERE SOMETIMES DRAFTED FROM THE CROWD AND OCCASIONALLY EVEN ALLOWED TO PLAY IN STREET CLOTHES 4HESE REVISIONS WERE SLIGHT THOUGH COMPARED TO THE NEW GUIDELINES THAT PITCHERS AND BATTERS WERE MADE TO DIGEST "EGINNING IN THE POSITION A PITCHER HAD
'EORGE h7HITE 7INGSv 4EBEAU MAY HAVE BEEN THE lRST MAN TO HOMER IN HIS lRST MAJOR LEAGUE PLATE APPEARANCE 4HE HONOR BELONGS EITHER TO 4EBEAU OR TO -IKE 'RIFlNTHE TWO DID IT IN ALL PROBABILITY ONLY MINUTES APART ON !PRIL 4EBEAUS NICKNAME STEMMED FROM THE WAY HE HELD HIS ARMS OUT FROM HIS BODY WHEN HE WALKED AND HIS LOUD RASPING VOICE 'IVEN TO HIM HIS lRST YEAR IN #INCINNATI THE NAME WAS INSPIRED BY h7HITE 7INGS v A POPULAR SONG OF THAT TIME
JFO
JGF
j^[ WddkWb h[YehZ
\eh\[_j _ "Y FORFEITED GAMES RARE IN THE PREVIOUS DECADE HAD BECOME COMMONPLACE 4HAT SEASON THERE WERE FOUR FORFEITS DECLARED IN THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION ALONE TWO OF WHICH INVOLVED THE 0HILADEL PHIA !THLETICS 4HE lRST ON *ULY AT 0HILADELPHIA COINCIDED WITH A HISTORIC EVENTTHE APPEARANCE OF &RED #HAPMAN PERHAPS THE YOUNGEST PLAYER EVER TO PARTICIPATE IN A MAJOR LEAGUE GAME #HAP MAN SUPPOSEDLY JUST YEARS OLD STARTED IN THE BOX AGAINST #LEVELANDS -IKE -ORRISON AND TRAILED AFTER lVE INNINGS (E WAS SPARED THE LOSS THOUGH WHEN 0HILADELPHIA SCORED TWO RUNS IN THE TH AND #LEVELAND THEN CLASHED WITH UMPIRE -ITCHELL lRST NAME UNKNOWN OVER WHETHER 4ED ,ARKIN OF THE !S INTERFERED WITH "LUES CATCHER 0OP 3NYDER ALLOWING (ARRY 3TOVEY TO ESCAPE A RUNDOWN AND GET SAFELY TO THIRD BASE !CCORDING TO 3PORTING ,IFE hWHILE THE MATTER WAS BEING DISCUSSED -R -ITCHELL TO THE SURPRISE OF EVERYONE GAVE THE !THLETICS THE GAME ;BY FORFEIT=v %XACTLY THREE WEEKS LATER ON !UGUST THE !S WERE EMBROILED IN THE SEASONS MOST BIZARRE FORFEIT &INDING HIMSELF BEHIND IN A SEESAW GAME WITH THE .EW 9ORK -ETS !S ROOKIE PITCHING STAR 'US 7EYHING HIT A LOW LINER THAT RICOCHETED OFF RIGHTlELDER %DDIE (OGANS FOOT 7EYH ING MADE THIRD BASE ON THE HIT BUT WAS ORDERED BACK TO SECOND BY UMPIRE *ERRY 3ULLIVAN WHO SAID 7EYHING WAS ENTITLED ONLY TO A GROUND RULED DOUBLE AS PER THE -ETS PARK RULE BECAUSE HIS HIT HAD ROLLED INTO THE h&ALL OF "ABYLONv SCENERY IN DEEP RIGHT lELD !S MANAGER &RANK "ANCROFT ARGUED VIG OROUSLY THAT (OGANS INTERVENING FOOT SHOULD MAKE THE HIT A HOME RUN IF ANYTHING -ETS MANAGER /PIE #AYLOR MEANWHILE STOOD BEHIND THE TWO GLEEFULLY FANNING THE mAMES 7HEN "ANCROFT REFUSED TO LEAVE THE lELD AFTER 3ULLIVAN PULLED OUT HIS WATCH #AYLORS -ETS WERE MADE THE BENElCIARIES OF ONE OF THEIR INFREQUENT WINS IN BUT 7EYHING UNLIKE #HAPMAN WAS TAGGED WITH A LOSS SINCE HIS TEAM TRAILED WHEN THE FORFEIT OCCURRED )N 4HE 'REAT %NCYCLOPEDIA OF .INETEENTH #ENTURY -AJOR ,EAGUE "ASEBALL FORFEITS ARE ONLY LISTED IN TEAM PITCHING CHARTS WITH AN ACCOMPANYING EXPLANATION WHEN NO PITCHING WINS OR LOSSES WERE ASSIGNED
TO ASSUME WHEN HE DELIVERED THE BALL WAS DEPICTED LABORIOUSLY IN THE RULEBOOK 4HE INTENTION WAS TWOFOLD !LONG WITH RESTRICTING A PITCHER TO A SINGLE STEP BEFORE HE RELEASED THE BALL THEREBY ELIMINATING THE RUNNING STARTS FAVORED BY 'UY (ECKER AND OTHER HURLERS IN THE MID S THE GAMES DESIGNERS ALSO SOUGHT TO END THE CHICANERY MANY PITCHERS LIKE $AVE &OUTZ AND ,ARRY -C+EON EMPLOYED TO DECEIVE BATTERS AND BASE RUNNERS AS TO WHEN AND WHERE THEY WOULD THROW THE BALL 4HE END RESULT WAS THAT A PITCHER WAS REQUIRED TO HAVE HIS REAR FOOT ON THE BACK LINE OF THE BOX THEREBY ESTABLISHING A lRM PITCHING DISTANCE OF |
FOR THE lRST TIME )N A FURTHER ATTEMPT TO RESTORE THE DELICATE BALANCE BETWEEN BATTER AND PITCHER WHICH HAD CONTINUED TO TIP DANGEROUSLY TOWARD THE LATTER IN THE RULES COMMITTEE GRANTED A BATTER FOUR STRIKES IN AND AGREED TO AWARD HIM HIS BASE AFTER ONLY lVE CALLED BALLS 9ET MORE THEY DECREED THAT
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jef GF dWj_edWb b[W]k[ ^_jj[hi _d GNNM 3PORTING ,IFES &INAL !VERAGES
#URRENT &INAL !VERAGES
!NSON
4HOMPSON
$ETROIT
#HICAGO
"ROUTHERS
$ETROIT
!NSON
#HICAGO
4HOMPSON
$ETROIT
"ROUTHERS
$ETROIT
+ELLY
"OSTON
7ARD
.EW 9ORK
3CHOMBERG
)NDIANAPOLIS
7ISE
"OSTON
#ONNOR
.EW 9ORK
#ARROLL
0ITTSBURGH
7ISE
"OSTON
!NDREWS
0HILADELPHIA
#ARROLL
0ITTSBURGH
$ENNY
)NDIANAPOLIS
7ARD
.EW 9ORK
+ELLY
"OSTON
7ILLIAMSON
#HICAGO
2OWE
$ETROIT
Ykhh[dj \_dWb Wl[hW][i Wi f[h GNNM hkb[i .ATIONAL ,EAGUE
!MERICAN !SSOCIATION
"ROUTHERS
$ETROIT
/.EILL
3T ,OUIS
!NSON
#HICAGO
"ROWNING
,OUISVILLE
4HOMPSON
$ETROIT
#ARUTHERS
3T ,OUIS
+ELLY
"OSTON
,YONS
0HILADELPHIA
3CHOMBERG
)NDIANAPOLIS
/ "URNS
"ALTIMORE
#ONNOR
.EW 9ORK
9 2OBINSON
3T ,OUIS
7ISE
"OSTON
/RR
.EW 9ORK
#ARROLL
0ITTSBURGH
2ADFORD
.EW 9ORK
-ACK
,OUISVILLE
.EW 9ORK
&OUTZ
3T ,OUIS
7ILLIAMSON #HICAGO 7ARD
3PORTING ,IFE CREDITED "ROUTHERS WITH HITS IN AT BATS BUT MISCALCULATED HIS AVERAGE IT SHOULD HAVE BEEN (IS CURRENT lNAL AVERAGE OF COURSE INCLUDES HIS WALKS
4HE HUGE DISPARITY SEEN ABOVE MADE BOTH MAJOR LEAGUES WISH THEY HAD HEEDED A "ROOKLYN %AGLE REPORTER WHO WROTE ON THE EVE OF THE SEASON h7HATEVER ADVANTAGE THERE WAS IN MAKING THIS RULE AS AN EXTRA PENALTY FOR WILD PITCHING THE ADVANTAGE IS OFFSET BY THE DRAWBACK OF ITS RENDERING THE BATTING STATISTICS VALUELESS AS A CRITERION OF A BATSMANS SKILL SO FAR AS BASE HITS ARE CONCERNED ) THINK THE ,EAGUE AND THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION WILL MUTUALLY AGREE TO RESCIND THIS RULE OF BASE HITS ON CALLED BALLS BEFORE THE REGULAR CHAMPIONSHIP SEASON SETS INv &ORTUNATELY 4HE "ASEBALL %NCYCLOPE DIA AND MOST OTHER CURRENT RECORD BOOKS JOIN WITH 'REAT %NCYCLOPEDIA OF .INETEENTH #ENTURY -AJOR ,EAGUE "ASEBALL IN NOT ACCEPTING WALKS AS HITS AS PER AND AS TIMES AT BAT WITHOUT BEING HITS AS PER PRIMARILY BECAUSE THE RULES IN EACH CASE WERE IN EXISTENCE FOR ONLY A SINGLE ABERRANT SEASON AND CONSEQUENTLY IN OUR JUDGMENT WERE NOT A PART OF THE EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS OF THE GAME
JGG
JGH
j^[ WddkWb h[YehZ
j^[ kdademd hX_ cWY^_d[ &EW SCOREKEEPERS KEPT TRACK OF 2") IN 2UNS BATTED IN WOULD NOT BECOME AN OFlCIAL STATISTIC UNTIL .EVERTHELESS SOME ATTENTION WAS PAID IN THE LAST CENTURY TO PLAYERS WHO WERE GOOD AT DRIVING HOME BASE RUNNERS 7E KNOW NOW THAT 3AM 4HOMPSON SET THE NINETEENTH CENTURY SEASON 2") RECORD IN WHEN HIS BAT SCORED TEAMMATES AND EVEN THOUGH $ETROIT MANAGER "ILL 7AT KINS COULD NOT HAVE FULLY APPRECIATED WHAT A PRIZE HE HAD CERTAINLY HE WAS AWARE THAT 4HOMPSON WAS DOING SOMETHING SPECIAL THAT YEAR !NYWAY HE HAD 4HOMPSON HITTING CLEANUP MOST OF THE TIME )T IS DOUBTFUL THOUGH THAT 0HILADELPHIA 0HILLIES MANAGER (ARRY 7RIGHT HAD MORE THAN AN INKLING THAT HIS CLUB HAD SOMEONE NEARLY AS EFlCIENT AS 4HOMPSON )N #HARLIE &ERGUSON DROVE IN RUNS FOR THE 0HILS IN JUST AT BATS &ERGUSONS RATIO OF ONE 2") FOR EVERY AT BATS WOULD BY PRO JECTION HAVE GIVEN HIM 2") HAD HE BATTED AS MANY TIMES AS 4HOMPSON DID 7HY DIDNT &ERGUSON BAT MORE OFTEN "ECAUSE HE WAS MAINLY A PITCHER PRIOR TO THOUGH 7RIGHT ALSO CON SIDERED HIM A POTENTIALLY OUTSTANDING OUTlELDER 4OWARD THE END OF THE SEASON 7RIGHT BEGAN TO COMPREHEND THAT &ERGUSON WAS TOO VALUABLE TO BE SITTING ON THE BENCH WHEN HE WASNT PITCHING $URING THE lNAL EIGHT WEEKS 7RIGHT lNALLY GAVE UP ON "ARNEY -C,AUGHLIN AND #HARLIE "ASTIAN WHO HIT A COMBINED AND BEGAN PLAYING &ERGUSON REGULARLY AT SECOND BASE 4HE MOVE HELPED THE 0HILLIES TO SQUEAK PAST #HICAGO AND GRAB SECOND PLACE BY COMPILING WINS AND A TIE IN THEIR LAST GAMES 4HAT STREAK WOULD PROVE TO BE &ERGUSONS SWAN SONG IN THE MAJORS 4HE FOLLOWING SPRING A FEW DAYS AFTER HIS TH BIRTHDAY HE CAME DOWN WITH MALARIA WHICH DEVELOPED INTO TYPHOID PNEU MONIA AND DIED ON THE EVE OF THE SEASON AT THE HOME OF TEAMMATE !RTHUR )RWIN WITH )RWIN AND MANY OF HIS OTHER TEAMMATES AT HIS BEDSIDE
-/34 2") 0%2 !4 "!4 3%!3/. -).)-5- !4 "!43 .AME
4EAM
9EAR
!"
2")
2")!"
2EB 2USSELL
0ITTSBURGH .,
(ACK 7ILSON
#HICAGO .,
3AM 4HOMPSON
0HILADELPHIA .,
#HARLIE &ERGUSON
0HILADELPHIA .,
"ABE 2UTH
.EW 9ORK !,
A BATTER WOULD BE CREDITED WITH A HIT EVERY TIME HE COAXED A WALK &INALLY AS IF SOMEONE AT LONG LAST REALIZED THAT PITCHERS DESERVED AT LEAST ONE BREAK IN A BATTER WAS NO LONGER PERMITTED THE LUXURY OF REQUESTING EITHER A HIGH OR A LOW PITCH MAKING THE STRIKE ZONE NOW THE ENTIRE AREA BETWEEN HIS KNEES AND SHOULDERS !MID THE BLIZZARD OF OFF SEASON FRANCHISE SHIFTS AND RULE CHANGES FOLLOWERS OF THE GAME WERE MADE TO ABSORB STILL ANOTHER MONUMENTAL INNOVATION &ED UP WITH TRYING TO DISCIPLINE THE INCOR RIGIBLE -IKE +ELLY #HICAGO CLUB PRESIDENT !L 3PALDING PEDDLED THE ,EAGUES BATTING TITLIST
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TO "OSTON +ELLYS SALE PRICE SHATTERED RECORDS BUT WOULD SOON BE EQUALED WHEN 3PALDING DECIDED TO CLEAN HIS CLUBHOUSE OF hDISORGANIZERSv COMPLETELY AND AT THE CLOSE OF THE SEASON TALKED "OSTON OUT OF ANOTHER GRAND FOR THE PRICKLY *OHN #LARKSON WHOSE MAMMOTH EGO WAS RIVALED ON THE #HICAGO CLUB ONLY BY MANAGER #AP !NSONS !LONG WITH RIDDING THEMSELVES OF +ELLY THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS SENT CENTERlELDER 'EORGE 'ORE TO THE .EW 9ORK 'IANTS !LTHOUGH A MUCH LESSER TRANSACTION IN TERMS OF MONEY AND PUBLIC INTEREST 'ORES DEPARTURE CUT NEARLY AS DEEPLY )N WHILE THE ,EAGUE BATTED POINTS HIGHER AS A WHOLE #HICAGOS TEAM BATTING AV ERAGE FELL EIGHT POINTS BELOW ITS MARK AS !NSONS NEW OUTlELD DUO OF FUTURE EVANGELIST "ILLY 3UNDAY AND ROOKIE -ARTY 3ULLIVAN WERE PALLID REPLACEMENTS FOR 'ORE AND +ELLY !S A RESULT THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS TRADITIONALLY QUICK OFF THE MARK WENT JUST IN THE EARLY WEEKS OF THE SEASON AND ENDED -AY ALREADY NINE GAMES BEHIND $ETROIT #HICAGO GAINED SIX AND A HALF GAMES ON THE 7OLVERINES IN *UNE AND *ULY BUT THEN FELL BACK AGAIN IN !UGUST ! LATE SURGE BY THE 0HILADEL PHIA 0HILLIES WHICH WON THEIR LAST DECISIONS SWEPT THEM PAST #HICAGO INTO SECOND PLACE BUT LEFT THEM STILL THREE AND A HALF LENGTHS BEHIND $ETROIT AT THE TAPE $ETROITS LONE MAJOR LEAGUE PENNANT IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY CAME JUST THREE YEARS AFTER THE CLUB HAD BEEN ON THE BRINK OF DISBANDING FOLLOWING AN ABYSMAL LAST PLACE lNISH )N THE INTERIM THE 7OLVERINES HAD SO THOROUGHLY REVAMPED UNDER NEW OWNER &REDERICK 3TEARNS THAT ONLY CATCHER #HAR LIE "ENNETT CENTERlELDER .ED (ANLON AND PITCHERS #HARLIE 'ETZEIN AND 3TUMP 7IEDMAN REMAINED FROM THE CEL LAR DWELLER "UT THOUGH 3TEARNS HAD REBUILT HIS TEAM WITH SPEED AND mAIR HE WAS THWARTED FROM REAPING THE BENElTS HE HAD ANTICIPATED 3INCE $ETROIT PRIOR TO THE INVENTION OF THE AUTOMOBILE WAS A SMALL MARKET CITY 3TEARNS PLANNED TO MAKE THE 7OLVERINES A GREAT ROAD ATTRACTION AND EARN MOST OF HIS PROlTS ON VISITS TO #HICAGO .EW 9ORK 0HILADELPHIA AND "OSTON "UT TEAM OWNERS IN THOSE METROPOLISES LED BY 3PALDING AND "OSTONS !RTHUR 3ODEN CHANGED THE RULES GOVERNING THE DIVISION OF GATE RECEIPTS WHEN THEY FATHOMED 3TEARNSS STRATEGY "Y THE CLOSE OF THE SEASON 3TEARNS MUST HAVE WISHED HE HAD HEEDED THE ADVICE OF HIS MANAGER "ILL 7ATKINS 3OME MONTHS EARLIER AFTER 0ITTSBURGH DEFECTED TO THE ,EAGUE
"OB #ARUTHERS STAGED A LENGTHY HOLDOUT PRIOR TO THE SEASON FROM A HOTEL ROOM IN 0ARISOR SO HE CLAIMED #ARUTHERS WANTED AND WOUND UP BEING THE "ROWNS HIGHEST PAID PLAYER AT A MONTH AS WELL AS THE OWNER OF A NEW NICKNAME 0ARISIAN "OB (E WAS WORTH EVERY PENNY WINNING OF HIS STARTS RANKING TH ON THE TEAM IN STOLEN BASES WITH AND SCORING RUNS IN JUST GAMES AS HE DIVIDED HIS TIME BETWEEN THE BOX AND RIGHT lELD
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7ATKINS HAD ATTENDED AN EMERGENCY !SSOCIATION MEETING TO SELECT A REPLACEMENT TEAM WHICH TURNED OUT TO BE #LEVELAND AND VOLUNTEERED HIS $ETROIT CLUB 7HEN !SSOCIATION LEADERS QUES TIONED 7ATKINSS SINCERITY HE CABLED 3TEARNS FOR PERMISSION TO MAKE A FORMAL BID FOR ADMISSION TO THE !SSOCIATION 3TEARNS REFUSED 7ATKINSS REQUEST CLAIMING THE 7OLVERINES WOULD STAY IN THE ,EAGUE BECAUSE IT WAS ABOUT TO CAPITULATE TO ALL HIS DEMANDS BUT LESS THAN TWO YEARS LATER HIS FEL LOW ,EAGUE MOGULS HAD HELPED DRIVE 3TEARNS INTO SO DEEP A lNANCIAL HOLE THAT $ETROIT WAS FORCED TO GIVE UP ITS FRANCHISE AND WOULD BE WITHOUT MAJOR LEAGUE BALL FOR THE REST OF THE CENTURY 3TILL PRAYING HE COULD MAKE MONEY ON HIS SLUGGING 7OLVERINES 3TEARNS CHALLENGED 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS OWNER #HRIS 6ON DER !HE TO A GAME 7ORLDS 3ERIES WITH THE TWO TEAMS TRAVELING IN A SPECIAL TRAIN OF PARLOR CARS AND PLAYING NOT JUST IN $ETROIT AND 3T ,OUIS BUT IN ALL MAJOR LEAGUE CITIES 6ON DER !HE FURTHER AGREED TO HIKE THE 3ERIES ADMISSION PRICE TO ONE DOLLAR AND TO 3TEARNSS NOVEL IDEA OF USING TWO UMPIRES h(ONEST *OHNv +ELLY AND h(ONEST *OHNv 'AFFNEY THE GAMES MARQUEE ARBITERS AT THE TIME 6ON DER !HE WHO HAD A PROCLIVITY FOR EXTRAVAGANCE HIMSELF FOUND ALL OF 3TEARNSS LAVISH SUGGESTIONS ALL THE MORE APPEALING WHEN HIS "ROWNS ALSO SUFFERED A DISAPPOINTING SEASON AT THE GATE IN -UCH OF THE REASON WAS THAT 3T ,OUIS HAD WON A THIRD STRAIGHT PENNANT BY A HUGE GAME MARGIN AGAINST THE LIKES OF TEAMS LIKE NEWCOMER #LEVELAND WHICH COULD BAG ONLY ONE OF CONTESTS WITH 6ON DER !HES CLUB /WING TO THE MULTITUDE OF RULE CHANGES AND THE ONE SIDED PENNANT RACE THE !SSOCIATION SEASON HAD SO MANY CONTRETEMPS AND SO LITTLE DRAMA THAT 4IP /.EILLS TOWERING OFFENSIVE PERFORMANCE WAS PARTIALLY MASKED )N /.EILL BECAME THE ONLY MAN EVER TO LEAD A MAJOR LEAGUE IN BATTING AVERAGE SLUGGING AVERAGE HITS RUNS TOTAL BASES DOUBLES TRIPLES HOME RUNS 2") AND ON BASE PERCENTAGE &OR YEARS HOW EVER /.EILLS BATTING AVERAGE AND INDEED HIS ENTIRE SEASON WAS LOOKED UPON AS SIMPLY A STATISTICAL FREAK OWING TO THE RULE THAT YEAR THAT BASES ON BALLS COUNTED AS HITS /NLY LONG AFTER THE FACTWHEN /.EILLS WALKS WERE DEDUCTED FROM HIS HIT AND AT BAT TOTALS AND IT WAS FOUND THAT HE STILL BATTED DID HIS EXTRAORDINARY PERFORMANCE IN BEGIN TO RECEIVE ITS DUE )N THE 7ORLDS 3ERIES HOWEVER /.EILL CAME A CROPPER AS DID MOST OF THE "ROWNS !FTER ACHIEVING A SPLIT IN THE lRST TWO GAMES AT 3PORTSMANS 0ARK 3T ,OUIS DROPPED THE THIRD CONTEST AT $ETROIT IN INNINGS WHEN THE USUALLY SURE HANDED #HARLIE #OMISKEY BOBBLED A THROW TO lRST ALLOWING #HARLIE 'ANZEL TO SCORE THE WINNING RUN !T THAT POINT THE TWO TEAMS TOOK TO THE ROAD FOR THE REMAINDER OF THEIR GAME BURLESQUE PLAYING EVERY DAY IN A DIFFERENT BIG LEAGUE CITY BUT THE 3ERIES COULD EFFECTIVELY HAVE ENDED WHEN $ETROIT TOOK 'AME &OUR IN 0ITTS BURGH AND CERTAINLY SHOULD HAVE ENDED AFTER THE 7OLVERINES BAGGED ALL BUT ONE OF THE NEXT lVE GAMES TO LEAD AFTER NINE CONTESTS WERE DOWN "UT INSTEAD THE SORRY SHOW CONTINUED FOR THE FULL GAMES 4HE LONG LONG SEASON ENDED AT LAST IN 3T ,OUIS IN FRONT OF ONLY DIEHARDS ON /CTOBER THE LATEST CLOSING DATE IN HISTORY TO THAT POINT
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)N THE FALL OF #HICAGO 7HITE 3TOCKINGS OWNER AND PRESIDENT !L 3PALDING CAMPAIGNED FOR A NEW MAJOR LEAGUE ALIGNMENT 3PALDINGS SCHEME CALLED FOR THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION TO DROP ITS TWO WEAKEST FRANCHISES #LEVELAND AND THE .EW 9ORK -ETS WHILE HIS COLLEAGUES SHED THE .A TIONAL ,EAGUES TWO PERENNIAL BLIGHTS ON THE LOOPS COFFERS 7ASHINGTON AND )NDIANAPOLIS 4HE SIX REMAINING TEAMS IN EACH CIRCUIT WOULD THEN MERGE INTO A SINGLE TEAM FEDERATION NAMED THE h!MERICAN ,EAGUEv
,OUISVILLE #OLONELS "ACK LEFT TO RIGHT 3KYROCKET 3MITH 'UY (ECKER 0ETE "ROWNING *OHN +ERINS 0AUL #OOK AND *OE 7ERRICK &RONT 4OAD 2AMSEY )CEBOX #HAMBERLAIN "ILL 7HITE MANAGER *OHN +ELLY 3COTT 3TRATTON *IMMY 7OLF AND (UB #OLLINS )N ,OUISVILLE WAS THE ONLY TEAM THAT STILL HAD AS MANY AS THREE PLAYERS LEFT FROM ITS ORIGINAL !! ENTRY"ROWNING (ECKER AND 7OLF "ALTIMORE 0ITTSBURGH AND 0HILADELPHIA IN CONTRAST HAD NONE 4HE ,OUISVILLE FRANCHISES REMARKABLE CONTINUITY ENDED SOON AFTER IT JOINED THE ., !! COMBINE IN 7ITHIN FOUR YEARS THE TEAM HAD UNDERGONE A COMPLETE TURNOVER FROM AND IN THE NINE SEASONS ,OUISVILLE WAS A MEMBER OF THE ,! ONLY &RED #LARKE PLAYED AS MANY AS GAMES IN A #OLONELS UNIFORM
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\eh\[_j __ 3HORTLY PAST NOON ON /CTOBER #AP !NSON STARED OUT THE WINDOW OF HIS HOTEL ROOM IN 0HILADELPHIA )T WAS THE CLOSING DAY OF THE SEASON A GLOOMY 3ATURDAY AND !NSON HAD NO DESIRE TO CHANGE INTO HIS UNIFORM AND RIDE OUT TO THE 0HILLIES PARK THAT GRAY AFTERNOON (E HAD THE ,EAGUE BAT TING TITLE WRAPPED UP AND HIS #HICAGO 7HITE 3TOCKINGS HAD CLINCHED ND PLACE 3O HE WATCHED THE SKY HOPING FOR RAIN %VENTUALLY WHEN THE GODS STILL HADNT COOPERATED HE CHANGED INTO HIS UNIFORM &INALLY TO HIS DELIGHT THE CLOUDS OPENED AROUND FOR A FEW MINUTES AT LEAST 4HOUGH HE WAS ALREADY DRESSED TO PLAY !NSON REMAINED IN HIS HOTEL ROOM EVEN AFTER THE RAIN STOPPED WELL BEFORE GAME TIME AT !NSON LATER SAID HE HAD CANCELED THE BUS SCHEDULED TO TAKE HIS TEAM TO THE 0HIL LIES PARK BECAUSE HED BEEN CERTAIN THE GAME WOULD BE CALLED "UT THE lELD AT THE 0HILADELPHIA "ASE "ALL GROUNDS IN THE OPINION OF UMPIRE #HARLIE $ANIELS WAS PLAYABLE 7ITH HIS TEAM THERE IN UNIFORM AND SOME ON HAND TO WATCH THEIR WARM UP ACTIVITIES 0HILS MANAGER (ARRY 7RIGHT PRESSED $ANIELS WHEN GAME TIME CAME AND THERE WAS STILL NO SIGN OF THE 7HITE 3TOCKINGS $ANIELS STUDIED HIS WATCH FOR MINUTE UPON MINUTE AND THEN GIVEN NO OTHER CHOICE FORFEITED THE GAME TO 0HILADELPHIA 4HE UNDESERVED WIN GAVE THE 0HILLIES RD PLACE (AD 0HILADELPHIA PLAYED THAT DAY AND LOST THE "OSTON "EANEATERS WOULD HAVE lNISHED RD 4HREE YEARS LATER WHEN THE "EANEATERS AND 7HITE 3TOCKINGS BECAME EMBROILED IN THE MOST CONTROVERSIAL PENNANT RACE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY PEOPLE AROUND THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE WOULD REMEMBER THE DAY !NSON AND HIS TEAM HADNT BOTHERED TO SHOW UP
4HE TIME WAS NOT YET RIPE FOR 3PALDINGS PLAN .OR WAS THE GAME READY FOR THE INNOVATION ITS FOREMOST OBSERVER (ENRY #HADWICK PUT FORWARD IN 3PORTING ,IFE )N *ANUARY #HADWICK RAILED AGAINST THE INCREASING NUMBER OF SWITCH HITTERS LIKE 4OMMY 4UCKER AND #LIFF #ARROLL WHO JUMPED FROM ONE BATTERS BOX TO THE OTHER WHILE A PITCHER WAS IN THE MIDST OF HIS DELIVERY #HADWICK ADVOCATED A RULE PROHIBITING A BATTER FROM CHANGING TO THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE PLATE ONCE A PITCHER WENT INTO MOTION BUT IT WOULD BE ANOTHER YEARS BEFORE HIS SUGGESTION WAS HEEDED )N ACTUALITY SAW THE FEWEST FRANCHISE TRANSFERS AND RULE CHANGES OF ANY SEASON DURING THE DECADE /NLY THE .EW 9ORK -ETS DISAPPEARED FROM THE MAJOR LEAGUE MAP REPLACED IN THE !S SOCIATION BY A NEW +ANSAS #ITY ENTRY AND THE SOLE REVISIONS ON THE PLAYING lELD OF LASTING CON SEQUENCE RESTORED THE THREE STRIKES AND OUT RULE AND DISPENSED WITH COUNTING A BASE ON BALLS AS BOTH A TIME AT BAT AND A HIT 9ET NEVER BEFORE AND NEVER AGAIN WOULD SUCH A SEEMINGLY SMALL ADJUSTMENT IN THE GAMES RULES HAVE SO GREAT AN IMPACT ON THE WAY IT WAS PLAYED "ATTING AVER AGES IN THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE TUMBLED AN AVERAGE OF POINTS THE AVERAGE PITCHERS %2! SHRANK FROM TO AND THE LOOP STRIKEOUT TOTAL ROSE FROM TO WHILE WALKS DROPPED
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i_d_ij[h i[YedZ XWi[c[d WdZ i^ehjijefi %VEN A CURSORY EXAMINATION OF THE SEASON STATS WILL QUICKLY PINPOINT THAT TROUBLE AT SECOND BASE IN ALL PROBABILITY COST "ROOKLYN THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION PENNANT (OW COULD ANY TEAM HOPE TO SURVIVE A PERFORMER WHO HIT ONLY AND SCORED JUST RUNS IN GAMES AFTER TAKING OVER THE KEYSTONE POST IN MIDSEASON 4HE LONE ENDURING MYSTERY IS WHY "ROOKLYNS YEARLING MANAGER "ILL -C'UNNIGLE BENCHED "ILL -C#LELLAN THE TEAMS INCUMBENT SECOND BASEMAN WHOD SCORED RUNS IN AND GAVE HIS JOB TO *ACK "URDOCK )N "URDOCK WAS YEARS OLD AND HADNT PLAYED REGULARLY SINCE 7HEN "OSTON RELEASED HIM EARLY IN THE SEASON HIS CAREER SEEMED OVER )NSTEAD HE FOUND HIMSELF IN THE MIDDLE OF THE !SSOCIATIONS lRST COMPETITIVE PENNANT RACE IN FOUR YEARS 7HAT MADE "ROOKLYN QUIT ON -C#LELLAN AND GO WITH "URDOCK -C'UNNIGLE DIED IN WITHOUT EVER HAVING BEEN ASKED THAT QUESTION AT LEAST NOT FOR PUBLICATION BUT WE CAN REASONABLY SURMISE THAT HIS ANSWER WOULD HAVE MADE SOMETHING OF THE FACT THAT -C#LELLAN THREW WITH HIS LEFT ARM "Y LEFT HANDED SECOND BASEMEN SHORTSTOPS AND THIRD BASEMENCOMMON EARLIER IN THE DECADE WERE A RAPIDLY VANISHING BREED )T PROBABLY DID NOT ESCAPE -C'UNNIGLE EITHER THAT THE LAST TEAM TO WIN A PENNANT WITH A SOUTHPAW AT ONE OF THOSE THREE INlELD POSITIONS WAS #INCINNATI IN )N THE INTERIM A HOST OF THROWERS FROM THE SINISTER SIDE WHO BEGAN THEIR CAREERS AS MIDDLE INlELDERS HAD BEEN RELOCATED TO SOME OTHER SPOT ON THE DIAMOND 2OGER #ONNOR WAS A PRIME EXAMPLE #ONNOR PLAYED THIRD BASEMAN IN HIS ROOKIE YEAR (E LATER SERVED MOST OF A SEASON AT SECOND BASE "Y HOWEVER HE WAS SETTLED FOR KEEPS AT lRST BASE (ICK #ARPENTER WAS AMONG THE VERY FEW LEFT HANDED INlELDERS THAT WERE NEVER MOVED TO AN OTHER STATION )N #ARPENTER BECAME BOTH THE lRST SOUTHPAW TO PLAY MAJOR LEAGUE GAMES AS AN INlELDER AND THE lRST MAN EVER TO PLAY AS MANY AS GAMES IN THE MAJORS AT THIRD BASE !LTHOUGH #ARPENTER WAS IN IT WAS NOT JUST AGE THAT CAUSED THAT SEASON TO BE HIS MAJOR LEAGUE CODA FOR THE SEASON WAS NOT ONLY THE LAST FOR #ARPENTER BUT ALSO THE NEXT TO LAST FOR PRACTICALLY EVERY LEFTY INlELDER .OT SINCE "ILL 'REENWOOD IN HAS A PERFORMER WHO THROWS FROM THE SINISTER SIDE PLAYED AS MANY AS GAMES IN A MAJOR LEAGUE SEASON AT SECOND BASE SHORTSTOP OR THIRD BASE ! COMPLETE LIST OF LEFT HANDERS WHO HAVE SERVED AS REGULARS AT ONE OF THE THREE INlELD POSITIONS FROM THROUGH THE PRESENT
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4HE LAST LEFTY TO PLAY SECOND SHORT OR THIRD IN MORE THAN OF HIS TEAMS GAMES
FROM TO )N THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION THE EFFECT WAS EVEN MORE DRAMATIC "ATTERS HIT AN AVERAGE OF POINTS LESS PITCHERS LOPPED AN AVERAGE OF RUNS OFF THEIR %2!S WALKS FELL FROM TO AND STRIKEOUTS SOARED FROM TO -OST IMPORTANT OF ALL BY AGAIN TIPPING THE SCALES IN THE PITCHERS FAVOR THE RULESMAKERS TRIG GERED AN ENORMOUS DECREASE IN RUN PRODUCTION ,EAGUE TEAMS DIPPED TO TALLIES IN
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^[h[=i je oekB chD heX_died 4HE SEASON WAS THE LAST IN WHICH A BATTER HAD TO LOOK AT lVE BAD PITCHES BEFORE HE RECEIVED A WALK "ASES ON BALLS ACCORDINGLY WERE STILL HARD TO COME BY AND USUALLY WENT TO SLUGGERS LIKE 2OGER #ONNORTHE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE LEADER IN OR ELSE PINT SIZED LEADOFF HITTERS SUCH AS (UGH .ICOL AND $UMMY (OY 4HE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION WALK LEADER IN WAS NEITHER A LEADOFF MAN NOR A SLUGGER MOREOVER HE HIT ALL OF THAT YEAR BUT NEVERTHELESS COLLECTED WALKS TO ESTABLISH A NEW MAJOR LEAGUE RECORD %VEN MORE REMARKABLY HE TOTALED MORE WALKS THAN HE DID HITS (IS NAME WAS 9ANK 2OBINSON AND IN HE ALSO ESTABLISHED ANOTHER MAJOR LEAGUE RECORD FOR THE LOW EST BATTING AVERAGE BY A PLAYER WHO LED HIS LEAGUE IN ON BASE PERCENTAGE 2OBINSONS SECRET WAS A WILLINGNESS TO FOUL OFF A MULTITUDE OF PITCHES UNTIL EVENTUALLY HE DREW ENOUGH THAT MISSED THE MARK TO GET HIS BASE 4HE RULES AS LATE AS ALLOWED A HITTER TO STICK OUT HIS BAT ON GOOD PITCH AFTER GOOD PITCH AND TAP OR BUNT IT FOUL WITHOUT PENALTY 4HREE TIMES DURING HIS RELATIVELY SHORT CAREER 2OBINSONS SOON TO BE ARCHAIC SKILL ENABLED HIM TO COLLECT OR MORE WALKS AND TOTAL MORE WALKS THAN HE DID HITS (IS CROWNING ACHIEVEMENT CAME IN WHEN HE COMPILED JUST HITS BUT COAXED WALKS TO REGISTER A /"0 THAT EXCEEDED HIS BATTING AVERAGE BY POINTS
AFTER PRODUCING THE PREVIOUS YEAR AND THE !SSOCIATION FELL FROM RUNS TO 4HE SHARP DECLINE IN OFFENSE CHANGED PRIORITIES AND RESULTED IN A NEW CHAMPION BEING CROWNED IN THE ,EAGUE 4RADITIONALLY STRONG IN THE BOX AND ON DEFENSE THE .EW 9ORK 'IANTS lNALLY EMERGED IN 4HOUGH INJURIES HELD CENTERlELDER 'EORGE 'ORE TO JUST GAMES AND SHORTSTOP *OHN 7ARD LOST POINTS OFF HIS BATTING AVERAGE AND LED THE ,EAGUE IN ERRORS MANAGER *IM -UTRIE RECEIVED AMPLE COMPENSATION FROM HIS CRACK BATTERY OF 4IM +EEFE AND "UCK %WING )N FOR THE lRST TIME IN HIS CAREER THE BRITTLE %WING WAS HALE ENOUGH TO PLAY GAMES AND +EEFE WAS UNQUESTIONABLY THE ,EAGUES MOST DOMINANT HURLER AS HE NOT ONLY WON THE PITCHING 4RIPLE #ROWN BY LEADING IN WINS STRIKEOUTS AND %2! BUT ALSO TOPPED HIS COLLEAGUES IN SHUTOUTS AND WINNING PERCENTAGE 3ECOND TO THE 'IANTS WERE THE #HICAGO 7HITE 3TOCKINGS SPEARHEADED BY ROOKIE 'US +ROCKS WINS CENTERlELDER *IMMY 2YANS HOMERSTHE MOST IN THE MAJORSAND lRST BASEMAN #AP !NSON WHO WON HIS LAST BATTING TITLE ! LENGTH BACK IN RD WERE THE 0HILADELPHIA 0HILLIES DESPITE A WOEFUL TEAM BATTING AVERAGE "UT NO TEAM IN THE MAJORS PRODUCED LESS CLOUT IN THAN 7ASHINGTON 4HE LAST PLACE .ATIONALS HIT JUST AND ROOKIE CENTERlELDER $UMMY (OY AT WAS THE ONLY REGULAR ABOVE -EANWHILE $ETROIT THE DEFENDING CHAMPION TUM BLED OUT OF THE RACE IN !UGUST AFTER LOSING STRAIGHT GAMES 4HE 7OLVERINES EVENTUALLY lNISHED TH WHEN ONLY $AN "ROUTHERS OF THEIR SIX HITTERS IN MANAGED TO TOP THAT MARK AGAIN
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4OM ,OFTUS AND HIS #LEVELAND "LUES /N *ULY AT 0ITTSBURGH CAPTAIN AND lRST BASEMAN *AY &AATZ HIT WHAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN THE lRST HOME RUN THAT NEVER REACHED THE OUTlELD WHEN HIS HOT SHOT TO THIRD BASE HIT $EACON 7HITE IN THE FOOT AND RICOCHETED UNDER SEVERAL ROWS OF SEATS GIVING HIM TIME TO CIRCLE THE BASES 4ODAY THE HIT FOR DEBATABLE REASONS IS NO LONGER CONSIDERED A HOME RUN 6AN 3ANT WHO IS $ICK 6AN :ANT NEVER HIT ANYTHING NEAR A HOME RUN IN THE MAJORS AND DID VERY LITTLE HITTING OF ANY KIND EVEN IN THE MINORS )N HE WENT FOR WITH 4ACOMA AND lNISHED WITH A "! 4WO YEARS EARLIER 6AN :ANT THEN WITH 3PRINGlELD )LL WAS CHARGED WITH INCITING A RIOT AFTER A GAME AT $AVENPORT )OWA WHEN HE lRED BALLS AT JEERING SPECTATORS FROM THE TEAM BUS AS IT DROVE AWAY FROM THE BALLPARK (E PLED GUILTY AND WAS lNED
0RIOR TO THE SEASON THE 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS APPEARED CERTAIN TO SUFFER AN EVEN MORE HUMILIATING DECLINE THAN $ETROIT AFTER TEAM OWNER #HRIS 6ON DER !HE RILED BY THE DEMORALIZING 7ORLDS 3E RIES LOSS TO THE 7OLVERINES SPENT THE WINTER ALMOST TOTALLY DISMANTLING HIS THREE TIME PENNANT WINNER /N .OVEMBER IN THE LARGEST PLAYER TRADE TO DATE NOT INVOLVING A TEAM THAT WAS DISBANDING "ILL 'LEASON THE ONLY SHORTSTOP THE "ROWNS HAD KNOWN IN THEIR SIX YEAR HISTORY WAS DEALT TO THE 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS TOGETHER WITH TEAM SPARK PLUG #URT 7ELCH THE GAMES BEST DEFENSIVE CENTER lELDER FOR THREE LESSER PLAYERS AND "EFORE THE MONTH OF .OVEMBER WAS OUT TO FURTHER SPOIL THE APPROACHING HOLIDAY SEASON FOR "ROWNS PLAYER MANAGER #HARLIE #OMISKEY 6ON DER !HE PROCEEDED TO SELL HIS STAR PITCHING TANDEM OF "OB #ARUTHERS AND $AVE &OUTZ TO THE "ROOKLYN "RIDEGROOMS ALONG WITH $OC "USHONG WHO IN HAD BECOME THE lRST MAN EVER TO CATCH GAMES IN A SEASON #ARUTHERS AND &OUTZ HAD COMBINED FOR VICTORIES DURING THE "ROWNS PENNANT RUN "USHONGS DEPARTURE LEFT 3T ,OUISS CATCHING DUTIES IN THE HANDS OF *ACK "OYLE A HITTER IN AND #OMISKEY WOULD ULTIMATELY lND NO ONE
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^ec[hb[ii Wj ^ec[ 0ITTSBURGHS 2ECREATION 0ARK IN WAS A TOUGH PLACE TO GO YARD SO DIFlCULT THAT THE HOST TEAM WENT THE ENTIRE SEASON WITHOUT COLLECTING A FOUR BAGGER ON ITS HOME TURF )N THE PROCESS THE 0ITTS BURGHS SET A RECORD THAT HAS SINCE BEEN EQUALED BUT NEVER SURPASSED FOR THE MOST HOME RUNS IN A SEASON ALL OF THEM COMING ON THE ROAD 0ITTSBURGHS MARK WAS NEARLY SHATTERED BY 7ASHINGTON IN HOWEVER WHEN THE 3ENATORS HIT HOMERS ON THE ROAD BUT ONLY ONE AT THEIR 'RIFlTH 3TADIUM HOME AN INSIDE THE PARK DINGER BY lRST SACKER *OE +UHEL ! COMPLETE LIST OF TEAMS SINCE THAT PLAYED A FULL SEASONS SCHEDULE AND WENT HOMERLESS AT HOME 4EAM
9EAR
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j_c a[[\[ __ 3TILL IN SEARCH OF THEIR lRST PENNANT THE .EW 9ORK 'IANTS STARTED SLOWLY IN AND STAR PITCHER 4IM +EEFE MIRRORED THE TEAMS STRUGGLE !S OF THE MORNING OF *UNE HE HAD LOGGED ONLY EIGHT WINS AGAINST SIX LOSSES AND TWO TIES AND HAD LOST HIS LAST TWO STARTS 4HAT AFTERNOON +EEFE STAGGERED TO A WIN OVER 0HILADELPHIA (E THEN PROCEEDED TO POST VICTORIES IN EACH OF HIS NEXT STARTS +EEFES GAME WINNING STREAK ESTABLISHED A NEW MAJOR LEAGUE SINGLE SEASON RECORD THAT HAS SINCE BEEN EQUALED BY 2UBE -ARQUARD IN BUT NEVER SURPASSED (ERE IS A CHRONOLOGY OF +EEFES REMARKABLE SKEIN .UMBER
$ATE
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*UNE
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*UNE
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7ASHINGTON
*ULY
7ASHINGTON
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0HILADELPHIA
!UGUST
7ASHINGTON
!UGUST
"OSTON
!UGUST
)NDIANAPOLIS
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!UGUST
0ITTSBURGH
!FTER HIS !UGUST VICTORY +EEFES RECORD STOOD AT (IS UNBEATEN STRING WAS ENDED ON !UGUST IN A LOSS TO #HICAGOS 'US +ROCK &OR THE REMAINDER OF THE SEASON +EEFE ONCE AGAIN STRUG GLED /DDLY FOLLOWING HIS WIN SKEIN +EEFE POSTED EXACTLY THE SAME RECORD THAT HE HAD PRIOR TO *UNE HE COLLECTED JUST EIGHT WINS AGAINST SIX LOSSES TO lNISH AT
BETTER TO REPLACE 'LEASON AND 7ELCH THAN "ILL 7HITE AND (ARRY ,YONS WHO HIT AND RESPECTIVELY FOR THE "ROWNS IN 6ON DER !HES GIGANTIC GARAGE SALE SEEMINGLY STRIPPED HIS CLUB OF ALL POSSIBLE CHANCE TO TIE THE "OSTON 2ED 3TOCKINGS THEN MAJOR LEAGUE RECORD OF FOUR STRAIGHT PENNANTS )N HIS PRESEASON FORECAST IN 3PORTING ,IFE /PIE #AYLOR FACETIOUSLY CHORTLED h) WILL BE WONDERFULLY SURPRISED IF THE NEW 3T ,OUIS TEAM WILL lGURE AT ALL AMONG THE LEADERS IN THE RACEv #AYLOR WHO LOATHED 6ON DER !HE THEN HAD TO WRITHE IN SILENCE DURING THE CLOSING MONTHS OF THE SEASON WHEN THE "ROWNS MANY OF WHOM LIKED 6ON DER !HE NO BETTER THAN #AYLOR DID OVER TOOK HEAVILY FAVORED "ROOKLYN AND SPED HOME lRST BY SIX AND A HALF GAMES 3T ,OUISS MAIN COGS WERE REPEAT BATTING CHAMPION 4IP /.EILL AND 3ILVER +ING WHO WAS EVEN MORE SPECTACULAR THAN +EEFE IN +INGS MAJOR LEAGUE LEADING WINS REPRESENTED NEARLY HALF OF THE "ROWNS TOTAL OF AND HIS %2! WAS MADE ALL THE MORE IMPRESSIVE THAN +EEFES BY THE FACT THAT THE !SSOCIATION HAD NO OTHER PITCHERS BELOW WHILE THE ,EAGUE HAD THREE IN ADDITION TO +EEFE 3INCE THE SEASON IN BOTH CIRCUITS RAN DEEP INTO /CTOBER THE 7ORLDS 3ERIES COULD NOT BEGIN UNTIL MIDAUTUMN /CTOBER (AVING LEARNED NOTHING FROM THE PREVIOUS YEARS POSTSEASON
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lASCO 6ON DER !HE PUSHED FOR A GAME 3ERIES TO BE PLAYED IN ITS ENTIRETY EVEN IF ONE TEAM WON SIX GAMES TO ESTABLISH A PROHIBITIVE LEAD 'IVEN HIS WAY ON THAT MEASURE HE THEN ACCEDED TO 'IANTS OWNER *OHN $AYS PETITION TO PLAY THE lRST SIX CONTESTS IN THE %AST AND AGAIN ASSENTED TO A DOUBLE UMPIRE TEAM OF h(ONEST *OHNv 'AFFNEY AND h(ONEST *OHNv +ELLY 3OME TWO WEEKS LATER AFTER THE 'IANTS WON lVE OF THE SIX GAMES IN THE %AST TO RENDER THE FOUR GAMES IN 3T ,OUIS NEARLY SUPERmUOUS 6ON DER !HE PUBLICLY ACCUSED 'AFFNEY AND +ELLY OF CROOKED WORK AND HIS OWN SHORTSTOP 7HITE OF UNCONSCIONABLY POOR PLAY "UT IN TRUTH THE TWO UMPIRES AND 7HITE HAD LITTLE EFFECT ON THE OUTCOME 4HE lFTH POSTSEASON CLASH BETWEEN THE TWO LEAGUES BELONGED ALMOST ENTIRELY TO 4IM +EEFE )N HIS INNINGS OF WORK +EEFE A MASTER AT CHANGING SPEEDS AND KEEPING BATTERS OFF BALANCE ALLOWED JUST HITS AND TWO EARNED RUNS )T WAS ONLY JUST DESSERTS THAT HIS SAVVY USE OF HIS REDOUBTABLE RIGHT ARM CLAIMED FOUR WINS INCLUD ING THE 3ERIES CLINCHER IN 'AME %IGHT AT 3T ,OUIS
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&IELDING !VERAGE
#& 3UNDAY 0ITTSBURGH (OY 7ASHINGTON *OHNSTON "OSTON
2YAN #HICAGO *OHNSTON "OSTON 3UNDAY 0ITTSBURGH
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4HOUGH NO ONE COULD HAVE REALIZED IT AT THE TIME WAS A BREAK POINT SEASON 4ROUBLED BY THE UNEXPECTED OFFENSIVE DETERIORATION THE PREVIOUS YEAR THE RULES COMMITTEE SHAVED THE NUM BER OF CALLED BALLS NEEDED FOR A WALK TO FOUR )T WAS AS IF A MAGIC FORMULA HAD BEEN DISCOVERED 9EARS OF TINKERING WITH THE NUMBER OF BALLS AND STRIKES ABRUPTLY ENDED WHEN THE FOUR BALL THREE STRIKE RATIO WORKED SO WELL IN THAT IT HAS REMAINED A CONSTANT EVER SINCE ! SECOND RULE CHANGE IN PERMITTED EACH TEAM TO SUBSTITUTE FOR ONE PLAYER PER GAME FOR ANY REASON AT THE END OF A COMPLETED INNING -ODIlCATIONS TO THIS NEW RULE OVER THE NEXT FEW YEARS WOULD EXPAND ROSTERS AND INCREASE JOBS ON THE MAJOR LEAGUE LEVEL BY PAVING THE WAY
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FOR THE USE OF PINCH HITTERS AND PINCH RUNNERS AS WELL AS THE MORE LIBERAL USE OF RELIEF PITCHERS BUT PLAYERS WERE PREOCCUPIED AT THAT MO MENT IN TIME BY A REDUCTIVE ELEMENT THAT HAD BEEN ADDED TO THE GAME )N THE 2ESERVE #LAUSE HAD BEEN EXTENDED TO MINOR LEAGUE TEAMS 'IVEN THIS ADDITIONAL CHOKEHOLD ON PLAYERS .ATIONAL ,EAGUE OWNERS REVIVED THE SALARY LIMITATION RULE THEY HAD ENACTED THREE YEARS EARLIER BUT FOUND INEXPEDIENT AT THAT TIME TO ENFORCE 4O GAIN MAXIMUM AD VANTAGE OVER THE PLAYERS THE MOGULS WAITED UNTIL !L 3PALDING TOOK AN h!LL !MERICANv TEAM ON A WORLD TOUR FOLLOWING THE SEASON 3PALDINGS CONTINGENT WAS COMPRISED OF PLAYERS FROM HIS OWN #HICAGO CLUB SPRINKLED WITH STARS FROM OTHER ,EAGUE TEAMS INCLUDING .EW 9ORK 'IANTS SHORTSTOP *OHN 7ARD THE PRESIDENT OF THE PLAYERS "ROTH ERHOOD 7ITH 7ARD THE PLAYERS MOST INmUENTIAL VOICE CONVENIENTLY OUT OF THE COUNTRY )NDIANAPOLIS OWNER *OHN h4OOTHv "RUSH PROPOSED
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\Wceki \_hiji l_ )N "ALTIMORE /RIOLES lRST BASEMAN 4OMMY 4UCKER BECAME THE lRST SWITCH HITTER TO WIN A MAJOR LEAGUE BATTING CROWN %LEVEN YEARS LATER WHEN THE CENTURY ENDED HE WAS STILL THE ONLY BATTING TITLIST WHO HIT FROM BOTH SIDES OF THE PLATE 4HAT DISTINCTION REMAINED 4UCKERS UNTIL (E HAD ANOTHER IMPORTANT DISTINCTION THAT WILL ALWAYS REMAIN HIS 4UCKER IS THE ONLY MAN TO PLAY OR MORE GAMES AT lRST BASE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND NOT MAKE THE (ALL OF &AME !T THE MOMENT HE STILL OWNS YET A THIRD DISTINCTION .O OTHER SWITCH HITTER HAS EVER MATCHED HIS BATTING AVERAGE IN (ERE ARE THE 4OP SEASONS SINCE BY SWITCH HITTING BATTING TITLE QUALIlERS
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OTHER PLANET IN "Y EVERY MEASURE HE HAD THE MOST DOMINANT SEASON OF ANY PITCHER IN MAJOR LEAGUE HISTORY 7ITH THE PITCHING 4RIPLE #ROWN ALREADY lRMLY IN HAND #LARKSON WAS SHOOTING TO BECOME THE ONLY TWIRLER BESIDES !L 3PALDING TO WIN OR MORE GAMES TWICE DURING HIS CAREER 4HOUGH #LARKSON LOST DISAPPOINTINGLY TO 'ALVIN IT ULTIMATELY AFFECTED ONLY HIS IN DIVIDUAL STATS 7HEN +EEFE TOPPED 'RUBER IT MEANT THAT EVEN IF #LARKSON HAD ACHIEVED HIS TH WIN "OSTON WOULD HAVE TIED .EW 9ORK IN WON LOST DIFFERENTIAL TO BUT WOULD STILL HAVE lNISHED THREE PERCENTAGE POINTS BEHIND AT TO THE 'IANTS $E SPITE THE BLEMISH IN HIS lNAL EFFORT OF THE SEA SON #LARKSON NEVERTHELESS COMPILED MORE WINS MORE COMPLETE GAMES AND MORE INNINGS THAN ANY OTHER ,EAGUE PITCHER !LL ARE MAJOR LEAGUE RECORDS FOR THE GREATEST MARGIN OF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A LEADER AND A RUNNER UP 4HE !SSOCIATION RACE WAS EVEN MORE TUMUL TUOUS /WING TO SCHEDULE VAGARIES AND A THEN EXISTING RULE THAT TEAMS COULD DECIDE FOR THEM SELVES WHETHER TO MAKE UP TIES OR POSTPONED GAMES WHEN THE "ROOKLYN "RIDEGROOMS OPTED NOT TO MAKE UP ANY GAMES THE 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS WERE POISED TO COP THEIR lFTH STRAIGHT PENNANT BY SWEEPING A DOUBLEHEADER FROM #INCINNATI ON /CTOBER THE !SSOCIATIONS OFlCIAL CLOSING DATE AND THEN TAKING THREE STRAIGHT MAKEUP GAMES FROM THE 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS ! LOSS IN THE OPENER OF THE TWIN BILL AT #INCINNATI RENDERED THE NIGHTCAP AND THE MAKEUP GAMES MEANINGLESS AND MADE THE EVENTS OF 3EPTEMBER
'OLDSBYS 'OLDEN 'IANTS THE 4OPEKA 7ESTERN ,EAGUE CLUB THAT lNISHED AT AND IS CONSIDERED BY SOME TO BE THE STRONGEST MINOR LEAGUE TEAM IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY -ISSING FROM THE CABINET CARD ARE THE TEAMS BIGGEST STAR !! ROOKIE SENSATION "UG (OLLIDAY AND *ACK 3NEED AND *ACK $OOMS WHO BOTH JOINED THE CLUB LATE IN THE SEASON #ENTER IS PLAYER MANAGER 7ALT 'OLDSBY AND CLOCKWISE FROM BOTTOM CENTER ARE *AKE +ENYON 0ERRY 7ERDEN &RANK (AFNER 4OM 3ULLIVAN *OE !RDNER *IM h$ARK $AYSv #ONWAY AS CLOSE TO A SMILE HERE AS YOULL EVER SEE HIM *IMMY -ACULLAR *OE 'UNSON 2ALPH *OHNSON $AN h%CKYv 3TEARNS AND LAST AND BEST-IKE h+INGv +ELLYS LOOK ALIKE AND ACT ALIKE #HARLIE (OOVER ! TOUGH DURABLE CATCHER (OOVER WENT TO SPRING TRAINING WITH #HICAGO IN AND HOOKED ON WITH THE +ANSAS #ITY !! CLUB NEAR THE END OF THAT SEASON (IS lNAL -, GAME CAME IN +ANSAS #ITY ON 3EPTEMBER AGAINST #INCINNATI WHEN HE TOOK THE lELD WHILE OBVIOUSLY DRUNK AND WAS PROMPTLY ROASTED BY A SPECTATOR (OOVER WAITED UNTIL THE SECOND INNING AND THEN WENT INTO THE STANDS AND BEAT HIS TORMENTOR SENSELESS 3INCE THE RULE THEN REQUIRED THAT +ANSAS WAIT UNTIL THE END OF THE INNING TO REPLACE HIM (OOVER lNISHED THE FRAME IN CENTER lELD HIS HANDS TOO BATTERED TO CATCH +ANSAS #ITY SUSPENDED HIM FOR THE REST OF THE SEASON BUT TOOK HIM BACK THE FOLLOWING YEAR AFTER JOINING THE 7ESTERN !SSOCIATION AND PROMPTLY RE GRETTED IT )N $ECEMBER 4HE 3PORTING .EWS ANNOUNCED h#HARLIE (OOVER THE TOUGHEST BALL PLAYER IN THE WORLD HAS GOTTEN HIMSELF INTO TROUBLE AT ,INCOLN OWING TO AN INABILITIES TO KILL A MANv 3HORTLY AFTER THE .EW 9EAR IN (OOVER WAS RELEASED FROM PRISON ON THE CONDITION THAT HE GET OUT OF ,INCOLN AND STAY AWAY /N -AY (OOVER WAS GIVEN A SIMILAR DIRECTIVE UPON BEING LET OUT OF A -ISSOURI PRISON 4HIS TIME HE TOOK IT MORE SERIOUSLY AND WAS NEVER SEEN AGAIN
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IN "ROOKLYN LOOM ALL THE MORE DECISIVE /VER THAT FOUR DAY STRETCH THE "ROWNS HAD BEEN SLATED TO PLAY THEIR LAST THREE GAMES OF THE SEASON AGAINST "ILL -C'UNNIGLES "RIDEGROOMS AND NEEDED TO WIN THEM ALL TO WREST ST PLACE FROM "ROOKLYN "UT OF THE THREE GAMES ONLY ONE WAS ACTUALLY PLAYED AND EVEN THAT CONTEST WAS NEVER lNISHED 7ITH HIS TEAM AHEAD ON 3ATUR DAY 3EPTEMBER AT "ROOKLYNS 7ASHINGTON 0ARK "ROWNS MANAGER #HARLIE #OMISKEY ORDERED HIS TROOPS OFF THE lELD IN THE NINTH INNING WHEN UMPIRE &RED 'OLDSMITH WOULD NOT AGREE THAT IT WAS TOO DARK TO CONTINUE PLAY 'OLDSMITH THEN FORFEITED THE GAME TO "ROOKLYN %NRAGED AT #OMISKEY AND OWNER #HRIS 6ON DER !HE WHO HAD LIT CANDLES AND ARRANGED THEM LIKE FOOTLIGHTS AROUND THE "ROWNS BENCH TO UNDERSCORE THE GATHERING DARKNESS THE "ROOKLYN CROWD lRED BEER STEINS AT THE "ROWNS AS THEY RAN FOR THEIR TEAM BUGGY OUTSIDE THE PARK 6ON DER !HE REFUSED TO PLAY THE FOLLOWING DAY EVEN THOUGH A HUGE 3UNDAY CROWD OF WAS EXPECTED CLAIMING HE WAS FRIGHTENED FOR HIS PLAYERS SAFETY BUT MEANWHILE HOPING TO PRES SURE 'OLDSMITH INTO RESCINDING THE FORFEIT 'OLDSMITH STOOD HIS GROUND HOWEVER AND THEN ADDED FUEL TO THE mAMES WHEN HE ALSO FORFEITED 3UNDAYS GAME TO "ROOKLYN WHEN THE "ROWNS DID NOT APPEAR BY THE APPOINTED TIME 4WO DAYS LATER FOR THE SCHEDULED lNALE OF THE SERIES THE "ROWNS JOURNEYED TO 7ASHINGTON 0ARK WITH TREPIDATION STILL FEARING ANOTHER CROWD ASSAULT BUT A HEAVY RAINSTORM WASHED OUT THE GAME ,OOP PRESIDENT 7HEELER 7YCOFF LATER OVERTURNED 3ATURDAYS FORFEIT AND THE GAME WAS AWARDED TO 3T ,OUIS THE SCORE AT THE TIME IT WAS HALTED "UT 3UNDAYS FORFEIT WAS UPHELD 4HE INANE COMPROMISE APPEASED NO ONE BUT THE "ROWNS AND THE #OLUMBUS 3OLONS #LEVELANDS REPLACEMENT IN WHICH ALSO HAD SUFFERED A CONTROVERSIAL FORFEIT LOSS IN "ROOKLYN EARLIER IN THE SEASON -EANWHILE ALL OF "ROOKLYN WAS OUTRAGED BY THE VERDICT SHRIEKING THAT IT WAS lNAL EVIDENCE THAT #OMISKEYS TEAM OF FOUL MOUTHS AND RULE BENDERS HAD !SSOCIATION OVERSEERS IN ITS POCKET AND THE MUTINOUS MOOD IN WHICH IT LEFT THE CITY BORE HEAVILY ON "RIDEGROOMS OWNER #HARLIE "YRNES MIND OVER THE WINTER "UT FOR THE MOMENT "YRNE CARED ONLY THAT HIS TEAM HAD AT LAST BROKEN THE "ROWNS GRIP ON THE !SSOCIATION PENNANT -OREOVER HIS "RIDEGROOMS HAD SET A NEW NINETEENTH CENTURY ATTEN DANCE RECORD AND WERE ASSURED A HEFTY 7ORLDS 3ERIES CUT SINCE THEIR OPPONENTS WOULD BE NONE OTHER THAN THE .EW 9ORK 'IANTS MAKING FOR THE lRST EVER POSTSEASON BATTLE BETWEEN TWO TEAMS REPRESENTING THE SAME URBAN AREA )T OUGHT TO HAVE BEEN THE GREATEST INTER LEAGUE CLASH IN THE LAST CENTURY ESPECIALLY WHEN "YRNE AND 'IANTS OWNER *OHN $AY BOTH LEARNED ENOUGH FROM THE AND 3ERIES DEBACLES TO STIPULATE THAT THEIR BEST OF AFFAIR WOULD CEASE AS SOON AS THE WINNER HAD BEEN DECIDED !ND THE 3ERIES DID IN FACT BEGIN AS IF IT WOULD BE A CLASSIC DRAWING SWARMS OF SPORTSWRITERS
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ed[ ]Wc[h _l 7HEN "ALTIMORE MANAGER "ILLY "ARNIE MADE OUT HIS LINEUP ON *UNE HE DECIDED IT WAS TIME TO SEE WHAT ROOKIE 'EORGE 'OETZ COULD DO IN AN OFlCIAL GAME !S MIGHT BE EXPECTED 'OETZ WAS NEVER SEEN AGAIN AFTER HE FANNED IN ALL FOUR OF HIS PLATE APPEARANCES .O ONE ELSE HAS EVER COME UP SO EMPTY OFFENSIVELY IN HIS ONLY BIG LEAGUE GAME BUT 'OETZS PALLID HITTING STATS WERE ONLY PART OF WHAT FANS SAW ABOUT HIM IN THE BOX SCORE IN THEIR FAVORITE PAPERS THE FOLLOWING MORNING 'OETZ A HOUSEPAINTER BY TRADE ALSO PITCHED NINE INNINGS AGAINST ,OUISVILLE AND THEN WAS INEXPLICABLY REMOVED IN THE BOTTOM OF THE TH AFTER "ALTIMORE TALLIED FOUR RUNS IN THE TOP OF THE FRAME TO GO AHEAD 'OETZS ABRUPT DEPARTURE DEPRIVED "ALTIMORE DENIZENS FROM SEEING ANY MORE OF HIS PECULIAR ZIGZAG PITCH THAT HE CALLED HIS hWHIPPOORWILL SWOOPv AND ALSO DEPRIVED HIM OF GAINING A COMPLETE GAME VICTORY IN HIS LONE MAJOR LEAGUE OUTING ! LIST OF MEN WHO HURLED COMPLETE GAME WINS AT THE FOOT DISTANCE IN THEIR ONLY MAJOR LEAGUE PITCHING APPEARANCES
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AND SPECTATORS TO THE lRST TWO GAMES "UT THE AUDIENCE AND THE MEDIA BOTH SOURED WHEN THE "RIDEGROOMS BORROWED A PAGE FROM THE "ROWNS STALLING WHENEVER THEY GOT AHEAD AND WHEE DLING THE TWO UMPIRES "OB &ERGUSON AND *OHN 'AFFNEY THAT IT WAS TOO DARK TO CONTINUE !FTER "ROOKLYN WON THREE OF THE lRST FOUR GAMES AND ALL OF ITS VICTORIES WERE ABBREVIATED BY DARKNESS $AY AND %WING THE 'IANTS lELD CAPTAIN TOLD "YRNE THAT THEY DIDNT hCARE TO RUN ANY CHANCE OF LOSING ANOTHER GAME ON ACCOUNT OF DARKNESS OR INTENTIONAL DELAYSv AND WOULD COMPETE NO MORE hAGAINST A CLUB THAT INSISTS ON PLAYING DIRTY BALLv !LARMED AT A POSSIBLE HUGE REVENUE LOSS "YRNE HASTILY AGREED TO MOVE UP THE STARTING TIME FOR THE REST OF THE 3ERIES GAMES SO THEY COULD BE PLAYED TO COMPLETION 4HE 'IANTS THEN WON lVE STRAIGHT GAMES TO GO UP AND ELIMINATE THE NEED FOR A TH OR TH GAME -AKING .EW 9ORKS TURNABOUT ALL THE MORE REMARKABLE WAS THE NEGLIGIBLE CONTRIBU TION FROM ITS TWO ACES +EEFE AND -ICKEY 7ELCH !FTER COLLECTING WINS BETWEEN THEM DURING
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/N .OVEMBER JUST SIX DAYS AFTER HE SPARKED THE 'IANTS TO THEIR SECOND STRAIGHT 7ORLDS 3E RIES WIN "ROTHERHOOD PRESIDENT *OHN 7ARD WITH THE EAGER SUPPORT OF HIS WAR COMMITTEE SEVERED TIES WITH THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE AND FORMED A NEW FEDERATION NAMED THE 0LAYERS ,EAGUE THAT WAS OWNED AND OPERATED LARGELY BY .ATIONAL ,EAGUE PLAYERS 7ARDS REBEL LOOP EVENTUALLY EMBRACED MANY OF THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATIONS LEADING LIGHTS AS WELL INCLUDING 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS PLAYER MANAGER #HARLIE #OMISKEY ,OUISVILLES MERCURIAL 0ETE "ROWNING AND (ARRY 3TOVEY THE SOUL OF THE 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS 7ARDS EX 'IANTS TEAMMATE 4IM +EEFE FURNISHED THE "ROTH ERHOODS OFlCIAL BALL WHICH WAS MADE BY HIS -ANHATTAN SPORT ING GOODS lRM AND WAS DISTINCTLY LIVELIER THAN THE 3PALDING ., OR 2EACH !! BALLS 4HE "ROTHERHOODS OTHER SIGNIlCANT POINTS
"ILL 6AN $YKE BATTING AND (ENRY 3AGE WITH $ES -OINES IN 4HE TWO LONG TIME MINOR LEAGUERS WERE THRUST INTO BIG LEAGUE UNIFORMS BY 4OLEDO WHEN THERE WERE SUDDENLY EIGHT ADDITIONAL MAJOR LEAGUE TEAMS IN 6AN $YKE WAS THIRD IN THE !! IN STOLEN BASES AND 3AGE LED ALL !! CATCHERS IN ASSISTS (E ALSO HIT JUST 3AGES HITTING MARKS IN THE MINORS WERE NEARLY AS BAD BUT HIS DEFENSE WAS SO STRONG THAT HE PLAYED PROFESSIONALLY FOR NEARLY YEARS 6AN $YKE ALSO HAD A LENGTHY CAREER DESPITE BEING A POOR HITTER ESPECIALLY FOR AN OUTlELDER (IS SAVING FEATURE WAS THAT HE WAS EXTREMELY FAST ALMOST ALWAYS THE mEETEST RUNNER ON HIS TEAM AND A HARD FEET lRST SLIDER WHO RAN THE BASES VERY AGGRESSIVELY
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OF DEPARTURE FROM THE TWO ESTABLISHED MAJOR LEAGUES WERE HAVING TWO UMPIRES WORK EACH OF ITS GAMES AND LENGTHENING THE PITCH ERS BOX SIX INCHES TO INCREASE THE PITCHING DISTANCE TO FEET 7ARDS BRAINCHILD ALSO HAD SEVERAL MAJOR DIFFERENCES IN THE WAY IT DID BUSINESS 4HE 0LAYERS ,EAGUE ABOLISHED THE 2ESERVE #LAUSE REPLACING IT WITH AN ABSOLUTE ONE YEAR CONTRACT THAT CONTAINED MUCH LIKE TODAYS PLAYER CONTRACTS A TWO YEAR OPTION TO RENEW OR A THREE YEAR BOND )N ADDITION A PLAYER COULD NOT BE TRADED WITHOUT HIS CONSENT AND BEFORE A MANAGER COULD RELEASE A PLAYER THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS ON HIS TEAM HAD TO GIVE ITS APPROVAL 9ET IF 7ARD WAS REVOLUTIONARY IN SOME AREAS HE WAS UNNECES SARILY CONSERVATIVE IN OTHERS 4HE 0LAYERS ,EAGUE CHOSE TO PATTERN ITSELF AFTER THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE IN BANNING THE SALE OF ALCOHOL IN ITS PARKS AND UNOFlCIALLY PROHIBITING BLACK PLAYERS 7HEN IT
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j^[ WfWj^[j_Y Wj^b[j_Yi )N 3EPTEMBER AFTER MOST OF THE 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS JUMPED SHIP WHEN CLUB TREASURER 7IL LIAM 7HITTAKER CLAIMED THERE WAS NO MONEY LEFT TO PAY THEM MANAGER "ILL 3HARSIG WAS SENT ON THE CLUBS LAST WESTERN ROAD TRIP WITH IN HIS PURSE AND A PATCHWORK CREW THAT lNISHED THE SEASON WITH STRAIGHT LOSSES !MONG 3HARSIGS CAST OF NONENTITIES WERE BOTH THE NINETEENTH CENTURY RECORD HOLDER AND RUNNER UP FOR THE MOST CAREER PITCHING LOSSES WITHOUT A WIN 4WO OTHER MEMBERS OF THE WINLESS LIST WERE WITH 0ITTSBURGH THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE BASEMENT lNISHER THAT LOST GAMES TO BREAK ,OUISVILLES YEAR OLD MAJOR LEAGUE RECORD OF DEFEATS ! LIST OF WINLESS NINETEENTH CENTURY PITCHERS WITH lVE OR MORE CAREER LOSSES
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-C#ARTHY AND %LY LATER ENJOYED SUCCESS IN THE MAJORS BUT ONLY AFTER THEY GAVE UP PITCHING
ALSO REJECTED PLAYING ON 3UNDAY AND THEREBY CUT ITSELF OFF FROM THE SIX DAY WEEK PROLETARIAT THE 3PORTING 4IMES AN ORGAN PUBLISHED BY FORMER .EW 9ORK -ETS OWNER %RASTUS 7IMAN SAID hTHE SENTIMENTAL "ROTHERHOOD ,ABOR 5NIONISTSv WERE NOW ASSURED OF GETTING LITTLE SUPPORT FROM THEIR hFALSELY FOUNDED SYMPATHY FOR THE "ROTHERHOOD AMONG FACTORY HANDS MILL HANDS AND LABORERSv 3TILL 7ARDS PRODUCT CONSISTENTLY PROVED TO BE THE MOST POPULAR OF THE THREE VARIETIES OF MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL OPERATING IN /N -EMORIAL $AY AFTER FOUR DOUBLEHEADERS WERE PLAYED IN EACH LOOP THE PUBLISHED ATTENDANCE lGURES READ 0, ., AND !! 4HE "ROTHERHOOD CONTINUED TO OUTDRAW THE TWO ENTRENCHED CIRCUITS THROUGHOUT THE SUMMER WHILE THE !SSOCIATIONS ATTENDANCE PROBLEMS MULTIPLIED ! SIZABLE PORTION OF THE !SSOCIATIONS
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\Wceki \_hiji l__ 4HE #LEVELAND )NFANTS LED THE 0LAYERS ,EAGUE IN HITTING BUT BARELY DODGED THE CELLAR 0ITCHING WAS THE CULPRIT 4WO OF THE )NFANTS FEW BRIGHT MOMENTS WERE PROVIDED BY #HARLIE $EWALD /N 3EP TEMBER THE ROOKIE LEFTY JUST ARRIVED FROM *AMESTOWN OF THE .EW 9ORK 0ENN ,EAGUE BEAT *OHN 7ARDS "ROOKLYN 0LAYERS ,EAGUE RUNNER UP IN HIS BIG LEAGUE DEBUT &IVE DAYS LATER $EWALD OUT LASTED -IKE +ELLYS PENNANT BOUND "OSTON TEAM 4HOUGH AN OCCASIONAL BENCHWARMER ON SEVERAL LATER #LEVELAND TEAMS $EWALD NEVER PITCHED AGAIN IN THE MAJORS EXITING WITH THE DISTINCTION OF BEING THE lRST PITCHER EVER TO KNOCK OFF HIS LEAGUES TWO BEST TEAMS IN HIS ONLY TWO APPEARANCES )N ADDITION $EWALD IS ONE OF ONLY FOUR MEN IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY WHO COLLECTED TWO OR MORE CAREER WINS WITHOUT A LOSS AND THE LONE MEMBER OF THE SELECT LIST WHO WAS A TRUE PITCHER
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PLIGHT STEMMED FROM REDOUBLED EFFORTS IN BY 3ABBATARIANS TO CUT THE LIFELINES OF TEAMS THAT TRIED TO PLAY ON 3UNDAY 4HE !SSOCIATION SEASON WAS MARRED BY FREQUENT NEAR RIOTS WHEN ANTI 3UNDAY FORCES LAID SIEGE TO ITS PARKS INTENT ON HALTING GAMES BUT !SSOCIATION OWNERS HAD AN ADDITIONAL HURDLE TO OVERCOME THAN 3ABBATARIANS OR THE 0LAYERS ,EAGUE /N .OVEMBER LITTLE MORE THAN A WEEK AFTER THE 0LAYERS ,EAGUE WAS OFlCIALLY BORN "ROOKLYN AND #IN CINNATI QUIT THE !SSOCIATION AND JOINED THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE AMID A BITTER lGHT TO ELECT A NEW !SSOCIATION PRESIDENT TO REPLACE 7HEELER 7YCKOFF 7HEN THE TWO CLUBS mED WITH THEM WENT "ALTIMORE AND +ANSAS #ITY TRIMMING THE !SSOCIATION TO JUST FOUR TEAMS &RANCHISES IN 3YRACUSE 2OCHESTER AND 4OLEDO WERE HASTILY ANNEXED BUT THE EIGHT TEAM COMPOSITION WAS NOT RESTORED UNTIL *IM +ENNEDY A YOUNG .EW 9ORK SPORTS PROMOTER AND INVETERATE HUSTLER POSTED THE NECES SARY BOND FOR A CLUB OF HIS OWN CREATION CALLED THE "ROOKLYN 'LADIATORS 4HE 'LADIATORS WERE A DISMAL MIX OF HAS BEENS +ENNEDY COAXED OUT OF RETIREMENT AND AMA TEURS HE SIPHONED OFF .EW 9ORK AREA SANDLOTS AND THE OTHER THREE NEWCOMERS WERE LITTLE BETTER 7ITH THE "ROWNS RIDDLED BY 0LAYERS ,EAGUE DEFECTIONS THE 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS AND THE #O LUMBUS 3OLONS APPEARED TO HAVE THE INSIDE TRACK ON THE !SSOCIATION mAG "UT 3OLONS MAN AGER 'US 3CHMELZ HAD TOO MANY ROOKIES TO BLEND WITH THE FEW EXPERIENCED VETERANS THE 0LAYERS
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m^o j^[ WW beij j^[ Wjj[dZWdY[ mWh _d GNOF 2ELIABLE ATTENDANCE lGURES WERE AS SCARCE IN AS PLAYERS WHO WORE BATTING GLOVES %ACH OF THE THREE MAJOR LEAGUES THAT YEAR LIED THROUGH ITS TEETH BUT THE 0LAYERS ,EAGUE PROBABLY HAD THE LEAST TO LIE ABOUT THANKS MOSTLY TO ITS CHAMPION "OSTON 2EDS WHICH DREW AROUND 0ITTSBURGH THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUES NETHERWORLD TENANT STOOD AT THE OPPOSITE END OF THE SPECTRUM BRINGING IN JUST FANS ALL YEAR "UT ON THE WHOLE SENIOR LOOP TEAMS FARED NEARLY AS WELL AS 0LAYERS ,EAGUE ENTRANTS AND BOTH CIRCUITS SO FAR OUTSTRIPPED THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION THAT IT PUT ITS TRUE ATTENDANCE lGURES IN A TIME CAPSULE AFTER THE SEASON NEVER TO BE OPENED UNTIL 0ETE "ROWNING MAKES THE (ALL OF &AME !N POPULATION CHART OF CITIES WITH MAJOR LEAGUE TEAMS THAT YEAR HELPS TO EXPLAIN WHY THE !SSOCIATION LOST THE HEAD COUNT RACE !!
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.EW 9ORKS POPULATION INCLUDES "ROOKLYN WHICH WAS A SEPARATE CITY IN BUT THE TWO WERE CLOSELY YOKED ONCE THE "ROOKLYN "RIDGE WAS lNISHED IN 3INCE THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE AND THE 0LAYERS ,EAGUE HAD TEAMS IN BOTH .EW 9ORK AND "ROOKLYN .EW 9ORKS POPULATION lGURE APPEARS TWICE IN THEIR COLUMNS !LL THREE LEAGUES HAD TEAMS IN "ROOKLYN IN THOUGH IT MAY BE A STRETCH TO BELIEVE THAT WITH THE BRAND OF BALL THEY PLAYED THE !SSOCIATION 'LADIATORS EVER LURED ANYONE FROM THE -ANHATTAN SIDE OF THE "ROOKLYN "RIDGE
,EAGUE RAIDERS SPARED HIM AND THE !THLETICS AFTER LEADING THE LOOP ON *ULY THE TRADITIONAL DATE TO SEPARATE PRETENDERS FROM GENUINE CONTENDERS HAD THE BOTTOM FALL OUT OF THEIR SEASON WHEN FRONT OFlCE MISMANAGEMENT LEFT MANAGER "ILL 3HARSIG WITHOUT ANY MONEY TO PAY HIS PLAY ERS 4HE !THLETICS TUMBLED TO TH PLACE AFTER MOST OF THE TEAM QUIT RATHER THAN AGREE TO BE PAID ON A PER DIEM BASIS WHEN AND IF FUNDS WERE AVAILABLE AND THE DOOR TO THE PENTHOUSE WAS OPENED FOR ,OUISVILLE !FTER lNISHING LAST IN AND LOSING A RECORD STRAIGHT GAMES THE &ALLS #ITY
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4HE 0ITTSBURGH "URGHERS WITH .ED (ANLON NO THEN IN HIS lRST FULL SEASON AS A HELMSMAN (ANLON SKIPPERED THE 3MOKE #ITY 0, CLUB TO A TH PLACE lNISH /THERS IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER FROM NO TO NO ARE (ARRY 3TALEY *AKE "ECKLEY WITHOUT HIS TRADEMARK MUSTACHE *OCKO &IELDS *ERRY (URLEY 7ILLIE +UEHNE %D -ORRIS THE ONLY KNOWN PICTURE OF HIM WITH A MUSTACHE 9ANK 2OBINSON !L -AUL *OE 6ISNER 4OMMY #ORCORAN 4OM 1UINN (ANLON *OHN 4ENER &RED #ARROLL AND *IM 'ALVIN "ECAUSE THE "URGHERS TIED FOR THE LOOP LOW IN TEAM BATTING AVERAGE THEIR PARK TODAY IS BELIEVED TO HAVE BEEN PITCHER FRIENDLY THUS DOWNGRADING SEVERAL OF 3TALEYS LOOP LEADING PITCHING STATS BUT ITS A DIFlCULT ARGUMENT OTHERWISE TO SUPPORT 4HE "URGHERS ALSO TIED FOR THE LOOP LEAD IN TRIPLES AND SCORED NEARLY AS MANY RUNS AS #LEVELAND THE 0, BATTING LEADERALL THIS WITH THREE CHRONICALLY WEAK HITTERS IN THEIR LINEUP #ORCORAN 1UINN AND +UEHNE AND A FOURTH IN 2OBINSON WHO GARNERED WALKS DESPITE HITTING JUST
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j[Wc d_YadWc[i )N -ARCH A TERRIBLE CYCLONE RAVAGED THE ,OUISVILLE AREA AND KILLED MORE THAN 7HEN ,OUIS VILLE MANAGER *ACK #HAPMAN ARRANGED A BENElT GAME FOR THE DISASTER VICTIMS IT WAS SNOWED OUT 3INCE THE #OLONELS WERE COMING OFF A GHASTLY LAST PLACE lNISH THE JINX BEGAN TO SEEM SO PERVASIVE THAT PEOPLE TOOK TO CALLING THE TEAM THE #YCLONES 4HE NAME HUNG ON FOR A YEAR OR SO AND THEN ,OUISVILLE BECAME THE #OLONELS AGAIN )TS UNCERTAIN WHEN JUST AS ITS UNCERTAIN WHEN THEY STARTED TO BE KNOWN AS THE #OLONELS RATHER THAN BY THEIR ORIGINAL NAMETHE %CLIPSE 0ROBABLY IT HAPPENED AROUND THE TIME SOMEONE NOTICED THAT MOST OF THE ORIGINAL CAST MEMBERS WHOD PLAYED WITH THE %CLIPSE SEMIPRO TEAM BEFORE IT JOINED THE !MERI CAN !SSOCIATION WERE LONG GONE )N ANY CASE ,OUISVILLES NICKNAME HISTORY IS TYPICAL )TS IMPOSSIBLE WITH ALMOST EVERY NINETEENTH CENTURY MAJOR LEAGUE TEAM TO PIN DOWN EXACTLY WHEN OR WHY OR BY WHOM IT lRST BEGAN TO BE CALLED THE 0HILLIES INSTEAD OF THE 1UAKERS OR THE 2EDS INSTEAD OF THE 2ED 3TOCKINGS OR WHATEVER !S A RESULT THROUGHOUT 4HE 'REAT %NCYCLOPEDIA OF .INETEENTH #ENTURY -A JOR ,EAGUE "ASEBALL MANY OF THE TEAM NICKNAMES IN THE SEASONAL RECORD ARE OPEN TO DEBATE 7HAT WE HAVE DONE FOR EACH SEASON IS LIST THE NICKNAME IF ANY THAT WAS USED MOST OFTEN IN OUR PRIMARY SOURCES )N CASES WHEN TEAMS THEMSELVES FOSTERED NICKNAMES THEY WERE USUALLY SHORT LIVED AS HAP PENED IN WHEN 0ITTSBURGH IN AN ABORTIVE EFFORT TO ESCAPE BEING CALLED THE 0IRATES ADOPTED RED WHITE AND BLUE UNIFORMS AND PROCLAIMED ITSELF THE 0ATRIOTS
TEAM LAY BACK IN THE WEEDS AND THEN TRIUMPHED IN ALMOST BY DEFAULT WHEN IT LOST FEW KEY PERFORMERS TO THE 0LAYERS ,EAGUE IF ONLY BECAUSE IT HAD VERY FEW MEN 7ARDS RAIDERS COVETED 4HE "ROOKLYN "RIDEGROOMS AND #INCINNATI 2EDS IN CONTRAST TOOK AN AGGRESSIVE TACK ONCE THE WAR WITH THE PLAYERS LOOMED "OTH ELIMINATED THE SPECTER FOR THE MOMENT BY SIGNING MOST OF THEIR REGULARS FOR BEFORE 7ARD FORMED HIS REBEL CIRCUIT !S A RESULT IMMEDIATELY UPON JOINING THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE THEY BECAME ITS TWO SHOWCASE TEAMS #INCINNATI IN PARTICULAR DOMINATED THE EARLY GOING "EHIND ROOKIE PITCHER "ILLY 2HINES AND ,ONG *OHN 2EILLYS BOOMING BAT THE 2EDS TOOK A COMFORTABLE lVE GAME LEAD OVER THE PACK ON *ULY "UT 2EILLY THEN WENT INTO A PROTRACTED SLUMP AND THOUGH 2HINES CONTINUED TO SHINE 4ONY -ULLANE *ESSE $URYEA AND THE REST OF MANAGER 4OM ,OFTUSS VETERAN HURLERS HAD LACKLUSTER SEASONS CAUSING #INCIN NATI TO FADE BADLY "ROOKLYN ALSO GOT POOR WORK FROM SEVERAL VETERANS ESPECIALLY LEFTlELDER 0OP #ORKHILL BUT WHEN CENTERlELDER $ARBY /"RIEN PUT HIS lST THROUGH A WINDOW IN A BAR lGHT IN EARLY *ULY NECESSITY MADE A GENIUS OF MANAGER "ILL -C'UNNIGLE 7ITH /"RIEN OUT OF ACTION UNTIL LATE !UGUST -C'UNNIGLE WAS FORCED TO USE PITCHER "ILL 4ERRY IN THE OUTlELD SPELLED BY PITCHER "OB #ARUTHERS IN THE GAMES 4ERRY HURLED "OTH 4ERRY AND #ARUTHERS WERE CAPABLE ALL
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"Y THE CLOSE OF THE CAMPAIGN SEVERAL 0LAYERS ,EAGUE TEAMS WERE IN DEEP lNANCIAL TROUBLE -ASTERFUL SUBTERFUGE BY !L 3PALDING !RTHUR 3ODEN AND OTHER .ATIONAL ,EAGUE OWNERS KEPT *OHN 7ARD AND HIS WAR COMMITTEE FROM THE REALIZATION THAT MANY ,EAGUE AND !MERICAN !SSO CIATION TEAMS WERE IN EVEN WORSE SHAPE !FTER MONTHS OF BRAVE TALK THAT IT WOULD CONTINUE THE BATTLE 7ARDS REBEL ORGANIZATION MEEKLY KNUCKLED UNDER ON *ANUARY !S PART OF ITS PEACE SETTLEMENT WITH THE "ROTHERHOOD THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE AGREED TO ALLOW A NEW !MERICAN !SSOCIATION FRANCHISE IN "OSTON PROVIDED THAT ALL RESERVED PLAYERS ON DEFUNCT "ROTHERHOOD TEAMS RETURNED TO THEIR FORMER CLUBS )NSTEAD OF FOLLOWING THE ,EAGUES BIDDING THE !SSOCIATION APPROPRIATED THE 0LAYERS ,EAGUE CHAMPION "OSTON 2EDS AND ALSO WELCOMED ABOARD THE CORE OF THE 0HILADELPHIA "ROTHERHOOD TEAM 4HESE DElANT MEASURES MEANT THAT ALTHOUGH THE 0LAYERS ,EAGUE WAS OFl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W cWdW][h=i jWb[ .O ESTABLISHED MANAGER SUFFERED MORE DURING THE 0LAYERS ,EAGUE WAR THAN *IM -UTRIE !FTER WIN NING BACK TO BACK CHAMPIONSHIPS -UTRIE SAT BY POWERLESSLY WHILE MOST OF HIS .EW 9ORK 'IANTS STARS JOINED *OHN 7ARD IN THE "ROTHERHOOD REVOLT LEAVING HIS TEAM A SHAMBLES %VEN GARNERING *ACK 'LASS COCK *ERRY $ENNY AND ROOKIE lREBALLER !MOS 2USIE FROM THE DEFUNCT )NDIANAPOLIS TEAM COULD NOT SAVE -UTRIES 'IANTS IN 3O FEW FANS CAME TO THEIR GAMES THAT OWNER *OHN $AY NEEDED A QUICK lNANCIAL lX /THER ,EAGUE OWNERS INCLUDING !L 3PALDING AND !RTHUR 3ODEN RESCUED $AY BY BUYING A PIECE OF THE 'IANTS AND THEN EVENTUALLY SQUEEZED HIM OUT OF HIS CONTROLLING INTEREST IN THE CLUB 2EGAINING MOST OF THE PLAYERS HED LOST TO THE "ROTHERHOOD HELPED -UTRIE PILOT THE 'IANTS TO THE ,EAGUE LEAD IN *UNE BUT HIS TEAM WAS hIN FRIGHTFULLY CRIPPLED CONDITIONv #ATCHER "UCK %WING HAD HURT HIS ARM MAKING A SNAP THROW ON A RAW SPRING DAY AND IT SHELVED HIM FOR MOST OF THE SEA SON %WINGS BROTHER *OHN HAD A hLUMPv ON HIS PITCHING ARM CAUSING HIM TO MISS TIME 2USIE WAS FORCED TO GO HOME TO )NDIANAPOLIS IN *UNE WHEN HIS FATHER LOST A LEG IN A RAILWAY ACCIDENT 'LASSCOCK HAD TO LEAVE THE TEAM WHEN HIS FATHER DIED *ACK 3HARROTT DISLOCATED HIS SHOULDER SLIDING INTO A BASE &INALLY ALL OF -UTRIES LINEUP JUGGLING COULD NOT STAVE OFF THE SAD REALITY THAT HE HAD ONLY $ICK "UCK LEY LEFT TO CATCH DESPITE A BADLY SWOLLEN HAND 4HE 'IANTS SOON CONCEDED THE ,EAGUE LEAD TO #HI CAGO BUT THEY STILL HAD A VOICE IN WHETHER #HICAGO WON THE PENNANT &IVE OF "OSTONS STRAIGHT VICTORIES IN THE lNAL DAYS OF THE SEASON CAME AT THE 'IANTS EXPENSE WHILE -UTRIE KEPT "UCK %WING ON THE BENCH FOR ALL lVE CONTESTS PLAYED SLUGGING lRST BASEMAN 2OGER #ONNOR IN JUST ONE OF THE GAMES AND PERSISTED IN PITCHING -ICKEY 7ELCH AND -IKE 3ULLIVAN WINNERS OF JUST SEVEN GAMES BETWEEN THEM IN RATHER THAN 2USIE AND *OHN %WING WHO COMBINED FOR WINS -UTRIE CON TENDED "UCK %WINGS ARM WAS DEAD AND THE OTHERS JUST HAPPENED TO NEED A REST BUT #AP !NSONS BLATANT ACCUSATIONS THAT THE 'IANTS HAD DELIBERATELY THROWN THE lVE GAMES TO THE "EANEATERS COM PELLED OTHER ,EAGUE OWNERS TO MAKE AT LEAST A PRETENSE OF INVESTIGATING THE CHARGE "UT !NSON WAS A NOTORIOUS COMPLAINER WHEN THINGS DID NOT GO HIS WAY AND WHAT WAS MORE MEMORIES OF SOME OF HIS OWN DUBIOUS PAST ACTIONS WERE STILL TOO FRESH 4O NO ONES SURPRISE AND TO THE ANGER OF FEW OTHER THAN !NSON AND #HICAGO TEAM PRESIDENT *IM (ART THE FOUR MAN COMMITTEE .ICK 9OUNG AP POINTED ABSOLVED THE 'IANTS OF ANY WRONGDOING AND OFlCIALLY AWARDED "OSTON THE PENNANT IN EARLY .OVEMBER 3TRONG SUSPICIONS LINGER EVEN TODAY HOWEVER THAT THE COMMITTEES ACTIONS SMACKED OF A WHITEWASH AND -UTRIES CURIOUS PROFESSIONAL DEMISE TENDS TO LEND THEM CREDIBILITY 4HOUGH NEVER FORMALLY CHARGED WITH HAVING DONE ANYTHING IMPROPER THE EMINENT SKIPPER WHO BOASTS A HIGHER CAREER WINNING PERCENTAGE THAN EITHER .ED (ANLON OR &RANK 3ELEE GENERALLY REGARDED AS THE TOP TWO MANAGERS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY NONETHELESS WAS RELIEVED OF HIS POST AT THE 'IANTS HELM AND NEVER MANAGED AGAIN IN THE MAJORS
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Wdej^[h cWdW][h=i jWb[ "ILL -C'UNNIGLE THE LONE MANAGER TO WIN BACK TO BACK PENNANTS IN TWO DIFFERENT MAJOR LEAGUES IS ALSO THE ONLY MANAGER TO LOSE HIS JOB AFTER WINNING TWO STRAIGHT PENNANTS !FTER PILOTING THE 0LAYERS ,EAGUE ENTRY IN "ROOKLYN *OHN 7ARD LIKED THE TASTE OF COMMAND SO MUCH THAT HE INVEIGLED THE .EW 9ORK 'IANTS HIS OLD ,EAGUE TEAM TO LET HIM ENGINEER A DEAL TO PLAY FOR AND MANAGE THE "ROOKLYN ,EAGUE TEAM !S FOR -C'UNNIGLE THE "RIDEGROOMS EXTRAORDINARILY SUCCESSFUL INCUMBENT MANAGER THERE WAS ONLY ONE THING FOR OWNER #HARLIE "YRNE TO DOlRE HIM 5NDER 7ARDS SWAY THE "RIDEGROOMS BEHAVED LIKE CHUMPS RATHER THAN DEFENDING CHAMPS 4YPI CAL OF THE TEAM ESPRIT WAS AN INCIDENT ON *ULY AT #HICAGO 7HILE 4OM $ALY THE "RIDEGROOMS BEST CATCHER WAS DOZING ON THE OUTlELD GRASS BETWEEN GAMES OF THE HOLIDAY DOUBLEHEADER /YSTER "URNS STABBED HIM IN THE LEG WITH A PENKNIFE "URNS SWORE HED ONLY MEANT TO PRICK HIS TEAMMATE TO TEST IF HE WAS REALLY ASLEEP BUT WHEN $ALY WOKE WITH A JOLT AND TURNED INTO THE BLADE HE SEVERED A TEN DON THAT PUT HIM OUT OF ACTION FOR SEVERAL WEEKS 3IXTEEN DAYS LATER IN A GAME AGAINST *IM -UTRIES .EW 9ORK 'IANTS AT "ROOKLYNS %ASTERN 0ARK 7ARD SAW ANY LINGERING HOPE OF RESUSCITATING HIS COMATOSE TEAM COME TO A CRUSHING END WHEN 2OGER #ONNOR OF THE 'IANTS HIT A SHORT mY BALL TO RIGHT lELD ! TRAIN PASSING THE PARK AT THAT MOMENT PREVENTED "URNS IN RIGHT lELD OR SECOND BASEMAN (UB #OLLINS FROM HEARING 7ARDS CRY AS TO WHICH OF THEM WAS TO TAKE THE BALL 4HE TWO MET HEAD ON IN A COLLISION THAT WITNESSES SWORE WAS THE WORST EVER SEEN ON A BALL lELD "URNS WENT HOME IN A CAB BATTERED BUT ONLY DAZED BUT #OLLINS WAS UN CONSCIOUS FOR SEVERAL HOURS AND NEVER REGAINED ANY MEMORY OF THE INCIDENT 4O ADD FURTHER IRONY TO -C'UNNIGLES lRING 7ARDS CHOICE TO REPLACE THE INJURED #OLLINS AT SECOND BASE WAS *ACK "URDOCK OUT OF THE MAJORS EVER SINCE WHEN HE DOOMED THE CHANCES OF -C'UNNIGLES lRST "RIDEGROOMS TEAM FOR A PENNANT BY HITTING
#ORNERING +ELLY AND THE EX ,EAGUE STARS ON THE "OSTON 2EDS SUCH AS $AN "ROUTHERS 4OM "ROWN (ARDY 2ICHARDSON AND (UGH $UFFY HELPED THE !SSOCIATION MAKE UP FOR THE MULTITUDE OF PLAYERS IT LOST TO THE ,EAGUE EITHER THROUGH DEFECTION OR THE "ROTHERHOOD WAR !MONG THE MISSING BY WERE 0ETE "ROWNING 4OMMY 4UCKER "ILLY 3HINDLE 3ILVER +ING -ARK "ALDWIN "ILLY (AMILTON AND (ERMAN ,ONG AS WELL AS FOUR ENTIRE TEAMS0ITTSBURGH #LEVELAND AND MOST OF ALL THE TWO CASUALTIES OF THE BATTLE FOR THE !SSOCIATION PRESIDENCY #INCINNATI AND THE "ROOKLYN "RIDEGROOMS /WING TO A PAPERWORK GAFFE BY THE 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS THE !SSO CIATION STOOD TO LOSE TWO MORE LUMINARIES WHEN THE "OSTON ,EAGUE TEAM CLAIMED (ARRY 3TOVEY AND 0ITTSBURGH hPIRATEDv ,OU "IERBAUER ARGUING THAT BOTH WERE FREE AGENTS BECAUSE THE !S HAD NEGLIGENTLY OMITTED THEM FROM THEIR RESERVE LIST ! THREE MAN "OARD OF #ONTROL COMPRISED OF 0HILADELPHIA 0HILLIES OWNER *OHN ) 2OGERS NEWLY ELECTED !SSOCIATION PRESIDENT !LLAN 7 4HUR
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MAN AND ,OUIS +RAUTHOFF A FORMER EXECUTIVE OF THE +ANSAS #ITY !SSOCIATION TEAM WHICH WAS NOW IN THE 7ESTERN !SSOCIATION CONVENED TO SETTLE THE DISPUTE !SSOCIATION MONARCHS EXPECTED +RAUTHOFF AND 4HURMAN TO TIP THE SCALE THEIR WAY BUT 4HURMAN STUNNED THEM BY VOTING IN STEAD WITH 2OGERS AND AWARDING 3TOVEY AND "IERBAUER TO THE ,EAGUE 4HURMANS TRAITOROUS DECISION IMPELLED THE !SSOCIATION TO IMPEACH HIM AND THEN TO WITH DRAW FROM THE .ATIONAL !GREEMENT THROWING THE TWO MAJOR LEAGUES INTO WAR AGAIN AND JEOP ARDIZING THE POSSIBILITY OF STAGING AN TH ANNUAL 7ORLDS 3ERIES AT THE END OF THE SEASON )T WAS POOR TIMING ALL AROUND FOR THE !SSOCIATION 4HE "OSTON 2EDS WERE ONE OF THE STRONGEST TEAMS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY %X ,EAGUE SHORTSTOP !RTHUR )RWIN WHO WAS HANDED THE 2EDS REINS WHEN +ELLY LEFT TO JOIN THE NEW #INCINNATI FRANCHISE RECEIVED A WHISPER OF COMPETITION EARLY IN THE SUMMER FROM THE 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS WHICH HAD #HARLIE #OMISKEY BACK AT THEIR HELM BUT BY *ULY THE 2EDS HAD FULL CHARGE OF THE PENNANT RACE AND STREAKED HOME EIGHT AND A HALF GAMES IN FRONT 4HE 2EDS MISSED THE TEAM 4RIPLE #ROWN BY ONLY A SINGLE PERCENTAGE POINT LOSING OUT IN lELDING AVERAGE TO #OLUMBUS TO "UT WHILE "ROUTHERS WON THE BATTING TITLE THIRD BASE MAN $UKE &ARRELL BAGGED THE HOMER CROWN AND SHARED THE 2") LEAD WITH TEAMMATE (UGH $UFFY CENTERlELDER 4OM "ROWN TOOK HONORS IN HITS RUNS TOTAL BASES AND STOLEN BASES AND )RWINS TWIN ACES "UFlNTON AND 'EORGE (ADDOCK COMBINED FOR WINS THE !SSOCIATIONS lNEST ALL AROUND PLAYER IN WAS 3T ,OUISS *ACK 3TIVETTS )N ONLY HIS SECOND FULL BIG LEAGUE SEASON THE YEAR OLD RIGHT HANDER NOT ONLY WON GAMES BUT ALSO HIT WHILE SERVING AS A PART TIME OUTlELDER /N A WHOLE HOWEVER THE "ROWNS WERE NOT IN "OSTONS CLASS 4O ADD INSULT THE 2EDS PROCURED -IKE +ELLY AS THEIR lELD CAPTAIN AFTER HIS #INCINNATI FRANCHISE WAS DISBANDED IN MID !UGUST AND AWARDED TO -ILWAUKEE OF THE CRUMBLING 7ESTERN !SSOCIATION 7ITH CROWD FAVORITE +ELLY AS AN ADDITIONAL DRAWING CARD THE 2EDS BEGAN HEARING REPORTS FROM #HICAGO THAT #AP !NSON WHOSE #OLTS SEEMED NEARLY AS CERTAIN TO WIN THE ,EAGUE mAG MIGHT BE PERSUADED EVEN IN THE ABSENCE OF A .ATIONAL !GREEMENT TO MEET THEM IN A 7ORLDS 3ERIES 4HAT RUMOR CAUSED A CRISIS IN THE ,EAGUE CAMP LEADING TO A SECRET STRATEGY SESSION 7HAT GREW OUT OF IT WILL NEVER BE KNOWN BUT ONLY A
*AKE 6IRTUE WAS APTLY NAMED FOR HE HAD MANY $ESPITE BEING ONLY v HE HAD ALREADY ESTABLISHED HIMSELF BY AS THE BEST DEFENSIVE lRST BASEMAN IN THE MAJORS /UTSTANDING ON POP mIES POSSESSOR OF AN EXCELLENT ARM THAT COULD TAKE A RELAY DEEP IN THE OUTlELD AND THROW A RUNNER OUT AT THE PLATE 6IRTUE WAS ALSO A SWITCH HITTER WHOSE CAREER /03 AFTER HIS lRST THREE SEASONS WAS NEARLY AS HIGH AS #AP !NSONS DURING THAT SAME PERIOD "UT 6IRTUE HAD A HUGE FAILING (E WAS SO SHORT OF SELF CONlDENCE SOME IN #LEVELAND WERE UNKIND ENOUGH TO SAY COURAGE THAT AN ERROR IN THE lRST INNING OR A STRIKEOUT IN HIS lRST AT BAT WOULD RUIN HIM FOR THE REST OF THE GAME 7HEN 6IRTUE WAS ONE OF THE FEW HITTERS WHO ACTUALLY GOT WORSE AFTER THE PITCHING DISTANCE INCREASED IN AND HIS lELDING ALSO BEGAN TO SLIP TEAMMATES WERE PUZZLED UNTIL SOMEONE REMEMBERED A LATE SEASON GAME WITH "OSTON THE PREVIOUS YEAR WHEN 6IRTUE HAD COLLIDED VIOLENTLY WITH CATCHER #HIEF :IMMER AFTER -IKE +ELLY FROM THE "OSTON BENCH HAD CALLED BOTH THEIR NAMES TO TAKE A POP FOUL "Y !UGUST THE GUN SHY 6IRTUE WAS OUT OF THE MAJORS AND PLAYING SHORTSTOP FOR 'UY (ECKERS /IL #ITY TEAM IN THE )RON AND /IL ,EAGUE (E SIGNED WITH ,OUISVILLE OVER THE WINTER BUT SUFFERED A STROKE BEFORE SPRING TRAINING AND NEVER PLAYED AGAIN
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jec Xhemd _ 4HERE ARE ABOUT A HUNDRED DIFFERENT LISTS OF BIZARRE RECORDS OR RECORD COMBINATIONS THAT ARE HEADED BY 4OM "ROWN 4HE REASON IS BECAUSE "ROWNS PERFORMANCES mUCTUATED SO WILDLY FROM ONE SEASON TO THE NEXT THAT HIS OVERALL CAREER LOOKS AS IF IT MUST BELONG TO THREE OR FOUR DIFFERENT PLAYERS "ROWN MIRRORED ALMOST EXACTLY THE QUALITY OF THE TEAM FOR WHICH HE PLAYED 0UT ON A CHAMPION AS HAP PENED IN HE WAS NAMED THE "OSTON 2EDS MOST VALUABLE PLAYER BY LOCAL WRITERS AFTER HE SCORED A THEN RECORD RUNS FOUR YEARS EARLIER SHIPPED IN MIDSEASON TO THE LAST PLACE )NDIANAPOLIS (OO SIERS HE HIT (ERE IS ONE OF THE STRANGE LISTS THAT "ROWN HEADS AND ITS AN IMPORTANT ONE .O OTHER PLAYER IN MAJOR LEAGUE HISTORY SCORED MORE CAREER RUNS ON FEWER THAN HITS 3IGNIlCANTLY THE lRST SEVEN MEN ON THE LIST WERE NINETEENTH CENTURY PLAYERS
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MODICUM OF EFFORT IS NEEDED TO CONSTRUE SUBSEQUENT EVENTS TO SUPPORT !NSONS ALLEGATIONS THAT HIS CLUB WAS ROBBED OF THE PENNANT )N ANY CASE AFTER ONLY FOUR GAMES WITH THE 2EDS +ELLY DITCHED THE !SSOCIATION AND REJOINED HIS OLD ,EAGUE TEAM THE "OSTON "EANEATERS 4HE "EANEATERS WERE #HICAGOS LONE REMAINING CHALLENGER BUT WHEN THEY SUFFERED A SECOND STRAIGHT LOSS TO THE #OLTS ON 3EPTEMBER 4HE 3PORTING .EWS PROCLAIMED THEY hMIGHT AS WELL GIVE UP ALL HOPE OF mYING THE mAGv 4HE FOLLOW ING DAY THOUGH WITH JUST GAMES LEFT TO PLAY +ID .ICHOLS BEAT #HICAGO FOR THE lRST TIME IN TO LAUNCH AN GAME WINNING STREAK THAT ENABLED "OSTON TO OVERTAKE #HICAGO AT THE WIRE AND CAPTURE THE PENNANT +NOWING THAT A POSTSEASON CLASH COULD ONLY BENElT THE !SSOCIATION PARTICULARLY IF THE 2EDS WERE TO WIN IT THE "EANEATERS WERE LOATH TO MEET THEIR CROSSTOWN RIVAL
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0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! "ECKLEY " "IERBAUER " (ANLON #& 2EILLY " h 33 #ARROLL 2& 3HUGART 33 -ACK # "ALDWIN 0 "ROWNING ,& +ING 0 -ILLER # h 33 h " h ,& #ORKHILL #& ,ALLY 2& -AUL /& 'ALVIN 0 "ERGER # h " &IELDS #
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"OSTON 2EDS 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS -ILWAUKEE "REWERS "ALTIMORE /RIOLES 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS #OLUMBUS 3OLONS #INCINNATI +ELLYS +ILLERS ,OUISVILLE #OLONELS 7ASHINGTON .ATIONALS
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,OUISVILLE 7ASHINGTON
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3%!3/. ,%!$%23 "ATTING !VERAGE !"S
3LUGGING !VERAGE
/N "ASE 0ERCENTAGE
"ROUTHERS "OSTON $UFFY "OSTON /.EILL 3T ,OUIS 4 "ROWN "OSTON 6AN (ALTREN "ALTIMORE
"ROUTHERS "OSTON -ILLIGAN 0HILADELPHIA &ARRELL "OSTON 4 "ROWN "OSTON #ROSS 0HILADELPHIA
"ROUTHERS "OSTON $ ,YONS 3T ,OUIS (OY 3T ,OUIS 3EERY #INCINNATI $UFFY "OSTON
4OTAL "ASES
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4 "ROWN "OSTON 6AN (ALTREN "ALTIMORE "ROUTHERS "OSTON $UFFY "OSTON 7ERDEN "ALTIMORE (ITS
&ARRELL "OSTON -ILLIGAN 0HILADELPHIA $ ,YONS 3T ,OUIS &OUR WITH
&ARRELL "OSTON $UFFY "OSTON "ROUTHERS "OSTON -ILLIGAN 0HILADELPHIA 7ERDEN "ALTIMORE
2UNS
"ASES ON "ALLS
4 "ROWN "OSTON $UFFY "OSTON 6AN (ALTREN "ALTIMORE -C#ARTHY 3T ,OUIS "ROUTHERS "OSTON 3TOLEN "ASES
4 "ROWN "OSTON 6AN (ALTREN "ALTIMORE (OY 3T ,OUIS $UFFY "OSTON -C#ARTHY 3T ,OUIS $ ,YONS 3T ,OUIS
(OY 3T ,OUIS #ROOKS #OLUMBUS -C4AMANY #OL 0HILA 2ADFORD "OSTON " *OHNSON "ALTIMORE
3TRIKEOUTS
(IT "Y 0ITCH
4 "ROWN "OSTON $UFFY "OSTON 6AN (ALTREN "ALTIMORE (OY 3T ,OUIS 2ADFORD "OSTON
4 "ROWN "OSTON -C4AMANY #OL 0HILA 0 'ILBERT "ALTIMORE ,EHANE #OLUMBUS 7EYHING 0HILADELPHIA
7ELCH "ALTIMORE 0 'ILBERT "ALTIMORE "ROUTHERS "OSTON $ ,YONS 3T ,OUIS ,ARKIN 0HILADELPHIA -ILLIGAN 0HILADELPHIA
/03 "ROUTHERS "OSTON -ILLIGAN 0HILADELPHIA $ ,YONS 3T ,OUIS 4 "ROWN "OSTON $UFFY "OSTON
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-C-AHON "ALTIMORE (ADDOCK "OSTON 3TIVETTS 3T ,OUIS 7EYHING 0HILADELPHIA "UFlNTON "OSTON
#ARSEY 7ASHINGTON +NELL #OLUMBUS -C-AHON "ALTIMORE #HAMBERLAIN 0HILADELPHIA $WYER #INCI -ILWAUKEE
-C-AHON "ALTIMORE +NELL #OLUMBUS 7EYHING 0HILADELPHIA 3TIVETTS 3T ,OUIS #ARSEY 7ASHINGTON
#OMPLETE 'AMES
3TRIKEOUTS
7INNING 0ERCENTAGE DECISIONS
3TIVETTS 3T ,OUIS +NELL #OLUMBUS 7EYHING 0HILADELPHIA -C-AHON "ALTIMORE #HAMBERLAIN 0HILADELPHIA
"UFlNTON "OSTON (ADDOCK "OSTON 7EYHING 0HILADELPHIA 3TIVETTS 3T ,OUIS -C-AHON "ALTIMORE
%2! )NNINGS
,OWEST //"0
,OWEST /"!
#RANE #INCINNATI (ADDOCK "OSTON "UFlNTON "OSTON -C-AHON "ALTIMORE 3TIVETTS 3T ,OUIS
"UFlNTON "OSTON (ADDOCK "OSTON -C-AHON "ALTIMORE &ITZGERALD ,OUISVILLE 3TIVETTS 3T ,OUIS 7EYHING 0HILADELPHIA
+NELL #OLUMBUS 3TIVETTS 3T ,OUIS "UFlNTON "OSTON #RANE #INCINNATI (ADDOCK "OSTON
0UTOUTS
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&IELDING !VERAGE
" 7ERDEN "ALTIMORE #OMISKEY 3T ,OUIS ,EHANE #OLUMBUS
,EHANE #OLUMBUS #ARNEY #INCINNATI -ILW #OMISKEY 3T ,OUIS
,EHANE #OLUMBUS 7ERDEN "ALTIMORE #OMISKEY 3T ,OUIS
" 3TRICKER "OSTON #ROOKS #OLUMBUS (ALLMAN 0HILADELPHIA
3TRICKER "OSTON #ROOKS #OLUMBUS (ALLMAN 0HILADELPHIA
#ROOKS #OLUMBUS 3TRICKER "OSTON (ALLMAN 0HILADELPHIA
" 'ILBERT "ALTIMORE -ULVEY 0HILADELPHIA $ ,YONS 3T ,OUIS
'ILBERT "ALTIMORE $ ,YONS 3T ,OUIS -ULVEY 0HILADELPHIA
7HITNEY #INCINNATI 3T, -ULVEY 0HILADELPHIA +UEHNE #OLUMBUS ,OUIS
33 #ORCORAN 0HILADELPHIA 7HEELOCK #OLUMBUS #ANAVAN #INCINNATI -ILW
7HEELOCK #OLUMBUS 2ADFORD "OSTON #ORCORAN 0HILADELPHIA
#ORCORAN 0HILADELPHIA 2ADFORD "OSTON 7HEELOCK #OLUMBUS
2& " *OHNSON "ALTIMORE 7OLF ,OUISVILLE $UFFY "OSTON
" *OHNSON "ALTIMORE 7OLF ,OUISVILLE $UFFY "OSTON
7OLF ,OUISVILLE $UFFY "OSTON -C#ARTHY 3T ,OUIS
#& 7EAVER ,OUISVILLE -C4AMANY #OL 0HILA 7ELCH "ALTIMORE
7EAVER ,OUISVILLE (OY 3T ,OUIS 7ELCH "ALTIMORE
7EAVER ,OUISVILLE #ORKHILL 0HILADELPHIA 7ELCH "ALTIMORE
,& $ONOVAN ,OUISVILLE 7ASH $UFFEE #OLUMBUS 7OOD 0HILADELPHIA
$UFFEE #OLUMBUS !NDREWS #INCINNATI 7OOD 0HILADELPHIA
!NDREWS #INCINNATI 7OOD 0HILADELPHIA /.EILL 3T ,OUIS
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0 +NELL #OLUMBUS 7EYHING 0HILADELPHIA 4HREE WITH
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#OMISKEY 3T ,OUIS 7ERDEN "ALTIMORE #ARNEY #INCINNATI -ILW
" 3TRICKER "OSTON #ROOKS #OLUMBUS (ALLMAN 0HILADELPHIA
2OBINSON #INCINNATI 3T, $OWD 7ASHINGTON 7ISE "ALTIMORE
3TRICKER "OSTON #ROOKS #OLUMBUS 7ISE "ALTIMORE
" 'ILBERT "ALTIMORE +UEHNE #OLUMBUS ,OUIS -ULVEY 0HILADELPHIA
'ILBERT "ALTIMORE $ ,YONS 3T ,OUIS !LVORD 7ASHINGTON
'ILBERT "ALTIMORE -ULVEY 0HILADELPHIA ! 7HITNEY #INCINNATI 3T,
33 7HEELOCK #OLUMBUS #ORCORAN 0HILADELPHIA 2ADFORD "OSTON
#ANAVAN #INCINNATI -ILW (ATlELD 7ASHINGTON 7HEELOCK #OLUMBUS
#ORCORAN 0HILADELPHIA (ATlELD 7ASHINGTON #ANAVAN #INCINNATI -ILW
2& " *OHNSON "ALTIMORE 7OLF ,OUISVILLE -C#ARTHY 3T ,OUIS
" *OHNSON "ALTIMORE , -URPHY 7ASHINGTON -C#ARTHY 3T ,OUIS
" *OHNSON "ALTIMORE 3EERY #INCINNATI , -URPHY 7ASHINGTON
#& 7EAVER ,OUISVILLE 4 "ROWN "OSTON -C4AMANY #OL 0HILA
4 "ROWN "OSTON -C4AMANY #OL 0HILA (OY 3T ,OUIS
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,& 7OOD 0HILADELPHIA $UFFEE #OLUMBUS 6AN (ALTREN "ALTIMORE
"EECHER 7ASHINGTON $ONOVAN ,OUISVILLE 7ASH 6AN (ALTREN "ALTIMORE
$ONOVAN ,OUISVILLE 7ASH $UFFEE #OLUMBUS 7OOD 0HILADELPHIA
# &IVE WITH -C'UIRE 7ASHINGTON -ILLIGAN 0HILADELPHIA -ILLIGAN 0HILADELPHIA - -URPHY "OSTON "OYLE 3T ,OUIS -C'UIRE 7ASHINGTON +ELLY #INCINNATI "OSTON 0ASSED "ALL ,EADERS -ILLIGAN 0HILADELPHIA 2YAN ,OUISVILLE -C'UIRE 7ASHINGTON 0 #ARSEY 7ASHINGTON 3TIVETTS 3T ,OUIS 3TRATTON ,OUISVILLE -ADDEN "ALTIMORE #RANE #INCINNATI -ADDEN "ALTIMORE &OUR WITH #ARSEY 7ASHINGTON (ADDOCK "OSTON (ADDOCK "OSTON
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!FTER TEN YEARS OF SPORADIC WAR THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE AND THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION THREW DOWN THEIR ARMS ONCE AND FOR ALL ON $ECEMBER AND CONSOLIDATED INTO A SINGLE TEAM LEAGUE 3T ,OUIS "ALTIMORE 7ASHINGTON AND ,OUISVILLE BONDED WITH THE EIGHT EXISTING .ATIONAL ,EAGUE FRANCHISES TO FORM THE NEW CIRCUIT AND THEN REPRESENTATIVES OF THE !SSOCIATION CLUBS LEFT HOMELESS WERE ASKED TO SUBMIT THEIR BUYOUT PRICES 5LTIMATELY THE ORPHANED FRANCHISES WERE AWARDED AROUND WITH EACH OF THE SURVIVING MAJOR LEAGUE CLUBS COMMITTED TO CON TRIBUTE OF ITS GATE RECEIPTS TO A GENERAL FUND UNTIL THE DEBT WAS PAID OFF 4HOUGH THE !SSOCIATION CEASED TO FUNCTION AS AN INDEPENDENT ENTITY ITS INmUENCE ON THE GAME REMAINED STRONG .OT ONLY WERE EIGHT OF THE SURVIVING MAJOR LEAGUE TEAMS DIRECT DESCENDANTS OF !SSOCIATION FRANCHISES BUT THE NEW LEAGUE DRAFTED A CONSTITUTION REMARKABLY SIMILAR TO THE CONTROVERSIAL ONE THE !SSOCIATION HAD SIRED YEARS EARLIER 0ARAMOUNT AMONG ITS AMENDMENTS WERE A ` MINIMUM ADMISSION PRICE IN ANY CITIES THAT WISHED IT 3UNDAY BALL WHERE THE LAW ALLOWED IT ALTHOUGH NO CLUB OR PLAYER WOULD BE COMPELLED TO PLAY ON 3UNDAY AND THE RIGHT OF EACH CLUB TO DECIDE FOR ITSELF WHETHER TO SELL ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES IN ITS HOME PARK -ANY .ATIONAL ,EAGUE TEAMS THAT HERETOFORE HAD LOYALLY ADHERED TO THE PARTY LINE THAT THE 3ABBATH SHOULD BE PROPERLY OBSERVED INSTANTLY EMBRACED 3UNDAY BALL ESPECIALLY #HICAGO WHOSE MAGNATES HAD WAITED IMPATIENTLY EVER SINCE WHEN A MINOR LEAGUE TEAM IN THE 7INDY #ITY PLAYING ON 3UNDAY HAD PILED UP SEVERAL NEW LOCAL ATTENDANCE RECORDS "Y AL THOUGH MANY EASTERN CLUBS STILL PRESERVED VESTIGES OF THE 6ICTORIAN ERA IF ONLY BECAUSE LOCAL LAWS FORBADE BASEBALL ON THE 3ABBATH IN MOST EASTERN CITIES THE "OSTON "EANEATERS AND 0HILADELPHIA 0HILLIES WERE ALONE IN REFUSING TO PLAY 3UNDAY GAMES EVEN ON THE ROAD 3O IT CAME TO PASS THAT THREE OF THE !SSOCIATIONS FOUNDING PRINCIPLES WERE MADE PART AND PARCEL OF THE FABRIC OF OUR NATIONAL PASTIME IN 7HEN PEACE BECAME CERTAIN THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE WAS WILLING TO INCORPORATE ALMOST THE !SSOCIATIONS ENTIRE LEGACY EVEN ITS NAME 4HE CON SOLIDATION COMMITTEE ORIGINALLY RECOMMENDED THE NEW TEAM CONFEDERATION BE CALLED h4HE LFM
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!MERICAN ,EAGUE v BUT OLD GUARD OWNERS FOUND THIS NAME COMBINATION ABHORRENT BECAUSE IT MEANT PUTTING THE !SSOCIATIONS CONTRIBUTION lRST ! SECOND LOGICAL NAME COMBINATIONv4HE .ATIONAL !SSOCIATIONvWAS NEARLY AS UNPALATABLE BECAUSE IT WOULD HAVE REVIVED THE NAME OF A MAJOR LEAGUE THAT HAD ALREADY FAILED !FTER LONG DEBATE THE NEW ALLIANCE WAS CHRISTENED THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE AND !MERICAN !S SOCIATION OF "ASE "ALL #LUBS 4HE PONDEROUS TITLE WAS USED ONLY ON OFlCIAL DOCUMENTS -OST NEWSPAPERS OBEDIENTLY CARRIED THE LOOPS STANDINGS FOR SEVERAL YEARS UNDER THE HEADING h,EAGUE !SSOCIATION v BUT BY THE LATE S THEY HAD BEGUN REFERRING TO IT AGAIN AS SIMPLY h4HE ,EAGUEv ,ONG BEFORE THEN THE DISAPPEARANCE OF THE !SSOCIATION HAD SIGNALED A CHANGE IN THE TYPE OF MEN WHO OWNED MAJOR LEAGUE CLUBS 'ONE WERE THE hSPORTING MENv LIKE #HARLIE -ASON WHO OPERATED POOL HALLS AND BREWERIES AND RUBBED ELBOWS WITH FANS OF THEIR TEAMS AT THEIR TAVERNS AND BOOKIE JOINTS )N THEIR STEAD WERE INDUSTRIALISTS BANKERS AND STREETCAR COMPANY OWNERS SUCH AS *OHN "RUSH THE 2OBISON BROTHERS AND !NDREW &REEDMAN 0OLITICOS AND EARLY DAY OWN ERS LIKE "OSS 4WEED HAD GOTTEN INTO THE GAME TO WIN VOTES BREWERS LIKE #HRIS 6ON DER !HE AND (ENRY 6ON DER (ORST GOT INTO IT TO SELL BEER BUT CAPITALISTS LIKE "RUSH AND THE 2OBISONS USED THEIR TEAMS TO SELL THEIR PROGRAM THAT THEY WERE ON A COMMON GROUND WITH THEIR EMPLOYEES "RUSH THE 2OBISONS AND THE IMPOSSIBLY REPRESSIVE &REEDMAN WOULD CARRY THE GAME INTO THE NEW CENTURY AND h4HE $EADBALL %RAv 6ON DER !HE THE PROTOTYPE OF THE FREEWHEELERS WHO HAD mOURISHED IN BASEBALLS h'OLDEN !GE v WOULD BE OUT OF THE GAME BY HIS LIKE NOT TO BE SEEN AGAIN FOR NEARLY HALF A CENTURY
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4HE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE AND !MERICAN !SSOCIATION OF "ASE "ALL #LUBS OFlCIALLY OPENED FOR BUSI NESS ON !PRIL /F THE FOUR SURVIVING !SSOCIATION TEAMS ONLY ,OUISVILLE WON ITS INAU GURAL GAME IN THE NEW LOOP 7HEN ,OUISVILLE RACED TO A START ONLY A GAME OFF THE PACE SET BY EARLY LEADER "OSTON 4HE 3PORTING .EWS THOUGHT THAT ,OUISVILLES PENNANT CHANCES hARE NOW VERY GILT EDGEDv "UT THE #OLONELS SOON FADED THOUGH THEY CONTINUED TO BE THE BEST OF THE NEW LOOPS FOUR !SSOCIATION ADDENDA 5NHAPPILY IN THAT MEANT lNISHING WITH THE FOURTH WORST RECORD IN A TEAM LEAGUE FOR THE #OLONELS CAME HOME TH IN THE lRST HALF OF THE SEASON AND TH IN THE SECOND LEG TO lNISH TH OVERALL -UCH OF THE REASON THE !SSOCIATION ALUMS MADE SUCH A POOR SHOWING IN OWED TO THEIR HAVING BEEN OUTFOXED BY MANY OF THE ,EAGUE CLUBS BEFORE THE PEACE TREATY WAS WRITTEN !LMOST AS SOON AS THE SEASON ENDED "OSTON "ROOKLYN AND 0HILADELPHIA IN PARTICULAR ANTICIPATED THE MERGER AND BEGAN LOOTING PLAYERS FROM THE !SSOCIA TION 4HE 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS WERE THE HARDEST HIT "Y THE TIME THE DEBRIS WAS CLEARED #HRIS 6ON DER !HES TEAM HAD BEEN PILLAGED OF HIS ENTIRE STARTING NINE FROM "OSTON WAS THE CHIEF BENElCIARY GARNERING GAME WINNER *ACK 3TIVETTS -EANWHILE THE 0HILADELPHIA 0HILLIES MADE OFF WITH THREE CORE MEMBERS OF THE 0HILADELPHIA !SSOCIATION TEAM'US 7EYHING ,AVE #ROSS AND "ILL (ALLMANAND "ROOKLYN EMERGED WITH ANOTHER 0HILADELPHIA !SSOCIATION STALWART SHORTSTOP 4OMMY #ORCORAN AS WELL AS $AN "ROUTHERS "ILL *OYCE AND 'EORGE (ADDOCK FROM THE !SSOCIATIONS lNAL CHAMPION THE "OSTON 2EDS 4HESE THREE TEAMS HEADED THE PACK IN THE lRST HALF OF THE SEASON HELPED IN NO SMALL PART BY THEIR !SSOCIATION ACQUISITIONS 3TIVETTS WON GAMES IN "ROUTHERS COLLECTED HIS lFTH BAT TING TITLE AND 7EYHING BECAME THE ONLY PITCHER EVER TO POST THREE CONSECUTIVE WIN SEASONS IN THREE DIFFERENT MAJOR LEAGUES $EFENDING CHAMPION "OSTON NEEDED LITTLE MORE ASSISTANCE THAN 3TIVETTS PROVIDED TO RETAIN ITS SUPREMACY BUT "ROOKLYN AND 0HILADELPHIA HAD BOTH BEEN SUB TEAMS IN 3O SURPRISING WERE THE "RIDEGROOMS IN THEIR SECOND SEASON UNDER *OHN LFO
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GNOH Wjj[dZWdY[ b[WZ[h /F THE TEAMS IN THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATIONS lRST SEASON OF #INCINNATI HAD THE HIGHEST PER CENTAGE OF EX !MERICAN !SSOCIATION PLAYERS 7ITH THE EXCEPTION OF PITCHERS -IKE 3ULLIVAN AND "ILLY 2HINES EVERY ONE OF THE 2EDS REGULAR POSITION PLAYERS AND PITCHERS IN PLAYED AT LEAST ONE FULL SEASON IN THE !SSOCIATION AND MANY WERE AMONG THE !SSOCIATIONS GREATEST STARS )F AN ALL TIME !S SOCIATION ALL STAR TEAM WERE NAMED ALMOST CERTAINLY 4ONY -ULLANE 4IP /.EILL "ID -C0HEE 0ETE "ROWNING #URT 7ELCH 'ERMANY 3MITH AND !RLIE ,ATHAM WOULD BE ON IT SOMEWHERE AND #HARLIE #OMISKEY WOULD BE THE MANAGER !LL WERE WITH THE 2EDS IN ALONG WITH "UG (OLLIDAY THE !S SOCIATION RECORD HOLDER FOR THE MOST HOME RUNS IN A SEASON !CTUALLY (OLLIDAY /.EILL AND "ROWNING WERE THE 2EDS REGULAR OUTlELD FOR MOST OF THE YEAR UNTIL "ROWNING GOT HURT AND WAS REPLACED BY #URT 7ELCH 4HATS THREE OF THE !SSOCIATIONS GREATEST HITTERS AND ITS GREATEST mY CHASER IN THE SAME OUTlELD )T MAY BE ONLY A mUKE THAT #INCINNATI JUST A TH PLACE TEAM IN NEVERTHELESS LED THE NEW COMBINED ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION IN ATTENDANCE 7E WILL NEVER KNOW
7ARD THAT THEY PURSUED "OSTON DOWN TO THE lNISH LINE IN THE lRST HALF RACE BEFORE lNALLY SUC CUMBING BY TWO AND A HALF GAMES 7HEN BOTH "ROOKLYN AND 0HILADELPHIA SLUMPED IN THE SECOND HALF THE FEAR WAS THAT "OSTON WOULD WIN AGAIN KILLING INTEREST IN A POSTSEASON h0ENNANT 3ERIESv &EW PAID ANY ATTENTION TO THE #LEVELAND 3PIDERS THE EARLY SECOND HALF LEADER BECAUSE THE 3PIDERS VISIBLY WERE THE SAME TEAM THAT HAD lNISHED IN THE SECOND DIVISION THE YEAR BEFORE "UT THE 3PIDERS HAD SOMETHING LESS VISIBLE GOING FOR THEMYOUTH )N SECOND BASEMAN #UPID #HILDS LEFTlELDER *ESSE "URKETT SHORTSTOP %D -C+EAN THIRD BASEMAN MANAGER 0AT 4EBEAU AND THE ALL PURPOSE 'EORGE $AVIS STILL HAD MOST OF THEIR CAREERS AHEAD OF THEM AND THE 3PIDERS MOST VALUABLE ASSET OF ALL #Y 9OUNG WAS ONLY IN THE THIRD SEASON OF WHAT WOULD BE A YEAR CAREER 9OUNGS THIRD SEASON WAS ARGUABLY HIS BEST )N HE WON GAMES JUST ONE LESS THAN LEADER "ILL (UTCHISON OF #HICAGO AND TOPPED THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION IN BOTH %2! AND WINNING PERCENTAGE &OR SUPPORT ROOKIE .IG #UPPY SUPPLIED WINS AND *OHN #LARKSON WAS GOOD FOR AFTER BEING STEERED #LEVELANDS WAY WHEN HE GRIEVED AT A PAY CUT FOLLOWING HIS REDUCTION TO THIRD lDDLE IN "OSTONS ROTATION BEHIND 3TIVETTS AND +ID .ICHOLS 4HOUGH THERE WERE RUMBLINGS THAT "OSTON SLACKED OFF IN THE SECOND HALF SO #LEVELAND COULD WIN AND CREATE A TRUE 0ENNANT 3ERIES BETWEEN TWO CO CHAMPIONS THE LIKELIHOOD IS THAT #LEVE LAND SIMPLY MATURED INTO A SOLID TEAM AS THE SEASON PROGRESSED 9OUNG #LARKSON AND #UPPY RANKED ST ND AND TH IN %2! AND THE 3PIDERS FOURTH STARTER 'EORGE $AVIES RANKED SIXTH
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!SSOCIATION CLUBS ORPHANED BY THE PEACE SETTLEMENT COULD BE MORE QUICKLY PAID OFF #HARLIE "UFlNTON ALREADY DISGUSTED AT BEING STUCK ON THE LAST PLACE "ALTIMORE /RIOLES IN THE CONSOLIDATION PROCESS QUIT THE GAME RATHER THAN ACCEPT A MIDYEAR PAY SLASH "UFlNTONS DEPARTURE WAS BUT ONE OF MANY IMPEDIMENTS (ENRY 6ON DER (ORSTS TEAM ENDURED *OCKO (ALLIGAN EXPECTED TO PUT SOME SORELY NEEDED PUNCH INTO THE /RIOLES ATTACK WHEN HE WAS ACQUIRED FROM #INCINNATI INSTEAD PUT HIS PUNCH INTO TEAMMATE #UB 3TRICKER DURING A POKER GAME DISPUTE 3TRICKERS JAW WAS FRACTURED SENDING HIM TO THE HOSPITAL AND .ED (AN LON THE CLUBS THIRD DIFFERENT MANAGER IN KICKED (ALLIGAN OFF THE TEAM AND ARRANGED FOR HIM TO BE UNOFlCIALLY BLACK LISTED 3T ,OUIS MEANWHILE WENT THROUGH lVE MANAGERS 7ASHINGTON AND 0ITTSBURGH EMPLOYED THREE EACH AND EVEN *ACK #HAP
$AN "ROUTHERS WAS IN BUT HAD JUST WON HIS lFTH BATTING TITLE AND LED THE MAJORS IN 2") 4HESE DAYS EVEN DESPITE HIS AGE HE COULD LIKELY NAME HIS PRICE ESPECIALLY IF IT WERE GUARANTEED THAT HE STILL HAD MORE THAN ANOTHER YEARS OF PROFESSIONAL BALL LEFT IN HIM "UT AFTER THE SEASON "ROOKLYN OWNER #HARLIE "YRNE TALKED SERIOUSLY OF RELEASING "ROUTHERS AND THEN TRADED HIM WHEN HE WAS INJURED EARLY IN THE CAMPAIGN AND COULD PLAY JUST GAMES 4HE FOLLOWING YEAR "ROUTHERS HELPED SPUR "ALTIMORE TO ITS lRST MAJOR LEAGUE PENNANT WHEN HE LED THE TEAM IN BOTH HOMERS AND 2") (E WAS NEVER THELESS SOLD TO ,OUISVILLE EARLY IN THE SEASON FOR ONLY (IS lNAL -, SEASON FOUND HIM IN 0HILADELPHIA HIS FOURTH TEAM IN FOUR YEARS WHERE HE WAS RELEASED IN *ULY WHILE HITTING TWO POINTS HIGHER THAN HIS NINETEENTH CENTURY TOP CAREER MARK 7HAT WAS IT ABOUT THE INIMITABLY HARD HITTING lRST BASEMAN THAT NO ONE LIKED (IS lELDING )N 0HILLIES PITCHERS ALL HATED HIM BECAUSE HE MISSED SLEWS OF THROWS AND THEN ALWAYS TRIED TO BLAME THE THROWER %IGHT YEARS LATER BY THEN "ROUTHERS HIT FOR 0OUGHKEEPSIE TO LEAD THE (UDSON 2IVER ,EAGUE
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PLAYERS BALKED AT THE NOTION OF TRAVELING SO FAR (ENCE IT WAS #LEVELANDS ,EAGUE 0ARK THAT HOSTED THE OPENING GAME OF THE lRST SERIES IN HISTORY FOR A MAJOR LEAGUE TITLE 4HAT GAME PRODUCED THE MOST MEMORABLE POSTSEASON PITCHERS DUEL IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 9OUNG AND 3TIVETTS BATTLED TO A STALEMATE HALTED BY DARKNESS AFTER IN NINGS #LEVELANDS FAILURE TO COME UP WITH KEY HITS CONTINUED IN THE NEXT TWO GAMES
)N SHORTSTOP (ERMAN ,ONG RIGHT AND SECOND SACKER *OE 1UINN LEFT TURNED MORE DOUBLE PLAYS THAN ANY OTHER KEYSTONE PAIR IN THE MAJORS ,ONG ALSO HELPED CARRY "OSTON TO THE PENNANT WHEN HE LED THE CLUB IN HOMERS AND STEALS BUT 1UINN FOUND HIMSELF HEADED TO 3T ,OUIS IN A TRADE FOR OUTlELDER #LIFF #ARROLL AFTER HE COMPILED A /03 THE SECOND WORST lGURE IN THE MAJORS AND SCORED A TEAM LOW RUNS 1UINN WAS A POOR HITTER THROUGHOUT HIS CAREER BUT NEVER OUT OF A JOB FOR LONG !PART FROM HIS EXCELLENT lELDING SKILLS HIS CHIEF ASSETS WERE KEEPING IN PERFECT SHAPE HAVING A GREAT VOICEHE SANG FOR YEARS IN 3T "RIDGETS #ATHOLIC #HURCH CHOIR IN 3T ,OUISAND POSSESSING SUFlCIENT MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE TO BE OF SERVICE ANY TIME AN INJURY OCCURRED ON THE lELD 1UINN ACQUIRED THAT KNOWLEDGE WHILE TRAINING TO BE HIS OWN EMBALMER IN THE FUNERAL HOME HE RAN WITH HIS FATHER IN LAW DURING THE OFF SEASON
RESULTING IN A PAIR OF ONE RUN LOSSES (UGH $UFFY MEANWHILE FURNISHED PRACTICALLY ALL THE OFFENSE AND DEFENSE FOR BOTH SIDES )N 'AME 4HREE $UFFY DROVE IN THREE OF "OSTONS FOUR TALLIES AND SPEARED A NINTH
INNING LINER TO HELP A #LEVELAND RALLY FALL A RUN SHORT -OVING TO "OSTON $UFFYS TWO RUN HOMER WAS ALL .ICHOLS NEEDED IN 'AME &OUR AS HE POSTED A SHUTOUT $OWN IN GAMES #LEVELAND TRIED #LARKSON IN THE BOX THE FOLLOWING DAY AND SCORED SIX RUNS IN THE THIRD FRAME BUT THE "EANEATERS THEN RIDDLED THEIR FORMER ACE FOR RUNS OVER THE NEXT lVE INNINGS AND WON /N THE VERGE OF ELIMINATION #LEVELAND AGAIN TOOK AN EARLY LEAD IN 'AME 3IX SCORING THREE OFF .ICHOLS IN THE TOP OF THE THIRD AND THE "EANEATERS AGAIN CAME BACK QUICKLY AGAINST 9OUNG .ICHOLS AIDED HIS OWN CAUSE BY DRIVING HOME THE TYING AND GO AHEAD RUNS IN THE FOURTH INNING AND THEN BLANKING THE 3PIDERS THE REST OF THE WAY "OSTONS SWEEP ERASED ALL POSSIBILITY OF DISPUTE OVER WHO THE TRUE CHAMPION WAS IN SINCE OTHERWISE IT COULD HAVE BEEN ARGUED THAT THE "EANEATERS HAD THE BEST OVERALL RECORD DURING THE REGULAR SEASON IF #LEVE LAND HAD WON THE 3ERIES
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"LAMING POOR ATTENDANCE IN ON TOO MANY LOW SCORING GAMES THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION RULES COMMITTEE ENACTED THE GREATEST CHANGE IN THE GEOMETRY OF THE PLAYING lELD SINCE WHEN THE PITCHING DISTANCE HAD BEEN LENGTHENED BY lVE FEET &OR THE SEASON THE PITCH ING DISTANCE WAS AGAIN LENGTHENED THIS TIME FROM FEET TO |
6ARYING STORIES ACCOUNT FOR THE ODD SIX INCHES INCLUDING ONE ATTRIBUTING THEM TO A SURVEYORS ERROR BUT IN ACTUALITY ONLY ANOTHER lVE FEET WERE ADDED TO THE DISTANCE BETWEEN HOME PLATE AND THE POINT WHERE A PITCHER WOULD NOW RELEASE THE BALL 3INCE A PITCHER HAD BEEN REQUIRED TO START WITH HIS REAR FOOT ON A BACK LINE |
FROM THE PLATE "EGINNING IN A HURLER HAD TO PLANT HIS PITCHING FOOT lVE FEET FARTHER FROM HIS TARGET !LLOWING FOR THE ONE STRIDE PERMITTED BEFORE DELIVERING THE BALL THE AVERAGE PITCHER WOULD NOW BE APPROXIMATELY FEET FROM THE BATTER AT HIS RELEASE POINT "UT THE INCREASED DISTANCE WAS ONLY PART OF THE NEW RULE #OMMENCING ALSO IN THE PITCHERS BOUNDARY RATHER THAN BEING A RECTANGULAR BOX WAS A METAL PLATE INCHES LONG AND FOUR INCHES WIDE 4HE PLATE SOON TO BE COVERED BY RUBBER SO THAT IT BECAME KNOWN AS hTHE RUBBERv WAS AS MUCH OF AN IMPEDIMENT AS THE ADDED DISTANCE FOR A PITCHER WAS REQUIRED TO TAKE HIS POSITION FACING THE BATTER WITH BOTH FEET ON THE GROUND AND KEEP HIS NON PITCHING FOOT IN CONTACT WITH THE PLATE AT ALL TIMES IN THE ACT OF DELIVERING THE BALL )N AN EFFORT TO LIGHTEN THE PITCHERS NEW BURDEN RULESMAKERS IN TIME WOULD ALLOW THE PITCHERS PLATE TO BE IMPLANTED IN AN ELEVATED AREA OR MOUND IF TEAMS SO CHOSE AND ALSO ABOLISHED BATS WITH ONE mAT SIDE THAT MANY PLAYERS HAD FOUND USEFUL FOR BUNTING OR TAPPING BALLS FOUL WITHOUT PENALTY UNTIL THEY GOT A PITCH TO THEIR LIKING "UT THESE CONCESSIONS TO PITCHERS WERE SMALL COMPENSATION FOR THE SUDDEN AND ENORMOUS REVISIONS TO THE WAY IN WHICH THEY WERE ACCUSTOMED TO PERFORMING THEIR CRAFT )T WAS THE METAL PITCHING PLATE MORE THAN THE ADDED DISTANCE THAT SPELLED THE RUIN OF MANY OF THE GAMES MOST LUSTROUS HURLERS 3OME MEN ACTUALLY SEEMED TO IMPROVE UNDER THE NEW RESTRIC TIONS !MOS 2USIE THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATIONS WALK KING DECREASED HIS WALKS FROM TO AND &RANK +ILLEN WHO HAD THE TH HIGHEST WALK TOTAL IN DROPPED FROM TO 2USIE LIN
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\Wceki \_hiji l_ /N THE lNAL DAY OF THE SEASON "UMPUS *ONES MAKING HIS lRST MAJOR LEAGUE APPEARANCE FOR #INCINNATI SPUN A NO HITTER AGAINST 0ITTSBURGHS -ARK "ALDWIN )T WAS THE LAST NO HIT GAME IN THE MAJORS FROM A SQUARE PITCHERS BOX SET AT A FOOT DISTANCE FROM HOME PLATE BUT *ONES WAS NOT THE lRST PITCHER TO THROW A NO HITTER IN HIS lRST START 4HE PREVIOUS YEAR ON THE 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS lNAL DAY OF PLAY IN THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION 4ED "REITENSTEIN HAD TURNED IN THE !SSOCIATIONS LAST NO HIT GAME IN HIS lRST STARTING ASSIGNMENT FOR THE "ROWNS 4HOUGH THEY LAUNCHED THEIR CAREERS IN AN ALMOST IDENTICAL FASHION "REITENSTEIN AND *ONES WENT VERY DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS IN WHEN THE PITCHING RULES CHANGED *ONES BEGAN THE YEAR IN #INCIN NATI BUT WAS CUT WHEN HE BOMBED IN lVE STARTS AND A RELIEF APPEARANCE 4HE .EW 9ORK 'IANTS GAVE HIM ONE LAST STARTING OPPORTUNITY TO DISPLAY HIS PRE FORM AND THEN ALSO CUT HIM WHEN HE LASTED JUST FOUR INNINGS *ONES DEPARTED WITH A %2! FOR AND NEVER PITCHED AGAIN IN THE MAJORS !S FOR "REITENSTEIN SEE THE CHART BELOW COMPARING PITCHERS IN AND
AND +ILLEN BIG MEN WHO WERE ALL BUT UNHITTABLE AT THE PRE DIS TANCE WERE TWO OF THE HURLERS MOST RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MASSIVE CHANGES IN THE PITCHING RULES !NOTHER WAS "ILL (UTCHISON THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIA TION STRIKEOUT LEADER IN AND ITS TOP WINNER FOR THE PAST THREE YEARS RUNNING 5NLIKE 2USIE AND +ILLEN HOWEVER WHO CONTINUED TO THRIVE WHEN THE RULES CHANGED (UTCHISON WAS UNABLE TO ADAPT /THERS WHOSE WIN TOTALS PLUMMETED DRASTICALLY WHEN THEY WERE MADE TO ANCHOR ONE FOOT TO A METAL PLATE WERE 'US 7EYHING 3COTT 3TRATTON 3ILVER +ING AND 'EORGE (ADDOCK +INGS MOST EFFECTIVE PITCH A SIDEARM CROSSlRE THAT HE STARTED IN THE LEFT REAR CORNER OF THE OLD PITCHERS BOX AND lNISHED BY STEPPING TO HIS RIGHT AND lRING THE BALL OVER HIS LEFT SHOULDER WAS RENDERED NEARLY USELESS BY THE NEW PITCHING PLATE 4ED "REITENSTEIN THE ,!S SURPRISE %2! LEADER IN THE LANDMARK SEASON /NE OF THE BEST PITCHERS IN THE GAME "REITENSTEIN WAS PAID A MERE IN ESSENTIALLY ENDING HIS CAREER LITTLE MORE THAN HALF WHAT TOP 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS PITCHERS HAD MADE YEARS EAR !S EXPECTED FOR EVERY +ING OR (UTCHISON WHO LIER /N 3EPTEMBER "REITENSTEIN WAS HIT ON THE KNEECAP BY A LINE DRIVE AND WAS EXPECTED TO BE OUT FOR THE SEASON (E CONTINUED PITCHING HOWEVER SUFFERED FROM THE NEW RULES THERE WAS A HITTER BECAUSE HE WAS AFRAID IF HE SAT OUT "ROWNS OWNER #HRIS 6ON DER !HE WOULD WHO BENElTED )N THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION REFUSE TO PAY HIM AS HAD HAPPENED TO TEAMMATE $ENNY ,YONS AFTER HE INJURED A KNEE EARLIER THAT SUMMER 4HAT WINTER "REITENSTEIN SIGNED WITH THE #HESTER BATTING AVERAGE JUMPED POINTS AND TEAMS 'RAYS OF THE 3OUTHERN )LLINOIS OUTLAW LEAGUE FOR AND A HALF INTEREST IN A #HESTER BILLIARD HALL !LARMED 6ON DER !HE GAVE "REITENSTEIN A MUCH DESERVED SCORED AN AVERAGE OF MORE RUNS PER GAME PAY BOOST IN ORDER TO KEEP HIM AND THEN SOLD HIM TO #INCINNATI AFTER HE WON OF THE "ROWNS MEAGER TOTAL OF VICTORIES IN "REITENSTEIN BECAME KNOWN 4HE INCREASE IN SCORING HAD THE DESIRED EFFECT AS THE h "EAUTYv BECAUSE OF THE PURCHASE PRICE CLAIMED BY BOTH SIDES IN THE DEAL THOUGH SOME CONTENDED THE PRICE WAS LOWER 2EGARDLESS IT WAS ALMOST CERTAINLY THE LARGEST CASH TRANSACTION FOR A SINGLE PLAYER BETWEEN "OSTONS PUR CHASE OF *OHN #LARKSON FROM #HICAGO IN !PRIL AND THE END OF THE CENTURY
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[Whbo Xkhdekji !T THE CLOSE OF THE SEASON 3ILVER +ING HAD CAREER WINS (E WAS JUST YEARS OLD AND HIS ARM WAS SOUND "UT AFTER THE NEW PITCHING RESTRICTIONS WERE IMPOSED +ING WON JUST MORE GAMES FOR A TOTAL OF ALL OF THEM BEFORE HE TURNED 3INCE THREE OTHER PITCHERS BESIDES +ING HAVE WON CAREER GAMES BEFORE THEIR TH BIRTHDAYS AND NONE THEREAFTER %ACH OF THE FOUR COLLECTED ALL OF HIS WINS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND ALL WERE ACTIVE IN THOUGH ONE "OB #A RUTHERS WAS NO LONGER A PITCHER BY THEN
7INS
,AST 7IN
!GE AT ,AST 7IN
!MOS 2USIE
"OB #ARUTHERS
3ILVER +ING
*ACK 3TIVETTS
BATTING SLUGGING AND SCORING AND SET A NEW lELDING AVERAGE STANDARD OF 7RIGHTS MEN CAME ACROSS AS COLOSSAL UNDERACHIEVERS HOWEVER WHEN THEY lNISHED TH -UCH OF THE PROBLEM WAS THAT UNDER THE NEW PITCHING RESTRICTIONS 7EYHING THE 0HILLIES FORMER ACE WAS REDUCED TO LITTLE MORE THAN AN AVERAGE HURLER BUT EQUALLY THE TEAMS DOWNFALL WAS AN INABILITY TO BEAT "OSTON AND 3T ,OUIS ,OSING THE SEASON SERIES TO "OSTON WINNER OF THE LAST TWO PENNANTS WAS UNDERSTANDABLE BUT THE 0HILS SELF DESTRUCTED BY LOSING EIGHT OF THEIR CONTESTS WITH THE TH PLACE "ROWNS #LEVELAND A NOTCH ABOVE THE 0HILS IN THE STANDINGS NEVERTHELESS LOST NINE OF TO 0HILADELPHIA BUT HAMMERED THE TEAM IMMEDIATELY ABOVE IT 0ITTSBURGH NINE OF 0ITTSBURGH IN TURN TOOK SIX OF FROM "OSTON THE TEAM IMMEDIATELY ABOVE IT IN THE STANDINGS 4HE ODD PROCLIVITY TO EXCEL AGAINST THE TEAM ABOVE IT IN THE STANDINGS BUT STRUGGLE AGAINST THE TEAM IMMEDIATELY BENEATH IT ENDED WITH "OSTON WHICH HAD NO ONE ABOVE IT ON CLOSING DAY &RANK 3ELEES THIRD SUCCESSIVE PENNANT AT THE "EANEATERS HELM CAME ALMOST ROUTINELY THOUGH IN RETROSPECT IT IS HARD TO SEE WHY )N 3ELEES ONLY TWO SIGNIlCANT ROSTER CHANGES WERE TO JET TISON -IKE +ELLY AND SECOND BASEMAN *OE 1UINN +ELLYS DEPARTURE MEANT MORE WORK FOR "OS TONS OTHER TWO BACKSTOPS #HARLIE "ENNETT AND #HARLIE 'ANZEL WHILE "OBBY ,OWE WAS BROUGHT IN FROM THE OUTlELD TO REPLACE 1UINN AT THE KEYSTONE SACK "UT "ENNETT WHO CAUGHT THE MOST GAMES BATTED JUST AND #LIFF #ARROLL ACQUIRED FROM 3T ,OUIS TO lLL ,OWES OUTlELD SLOT HAD THE WORST YEAR OF ANY ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION BATTING TITLE QUALIlER HITTING WITH AN ANEMIC SLUGGING AVERAGE 4HOUGH +ID .ICHOLS ADAPTED SO WELL TO THE NEW PITCHING DIMENSIONS THAT HE
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ikbb_lWd j^[ i_[l[ )N TWO SHORTSTOPS *OE 3ULLIVAN OF THE 7ASHINGTON .ATIONALS AND (ERMAN ,ONG OF THE "OSTON "EANEATERS BECAME THE LAST MAJOR LEAGUERS TO MAKE ERRORS IN A SEASON -OREOVER 3ULLIVANS lELDING AVERAGE REACHED A NADIR FOR SHORTSTOPS THAT HAS NOT BEEN SURPASSED SINCE )T WAS NOT lELDERS BUT THEIR GLOVES THAT SUDDENLY GOT BETTER AFTER !LTHOUGH TWO PLAYERS OF NOTE "ID -C0HEE AND *ERRY $ENNY CONTINUED TO BALK AT THE NOTION OF USING A GLOVE MOST OTHERS HAD LONG SINCE SURRENDERED TO THE ADVANTAGES A GLOVE COULD BRING )N AFTER SOME BEGAN DESIGNING CON TRAPTIONS RESEMBLING BUTTERmY NETS A RULE WAS ENACTED LIMITING ALL lELDERS EXCEPT CATCHERS AND lRST BASEMEN TO GLOVES NO MORE THAN OUNCES IN WEIGHT AND INCHES IN CIRCUMFERENCE .OTHING WAS SPECIlED IN THE RULE ABOUT A GLOVES DESIGN HOWEVER MAKING IT POSSIBLE FOR ,AVE #ROSS FOR ONE TO CONTINUE TO PLAY THIRD BASE WITH A CATCHERS MITT ALBEIT ONE REDUCED IN CIRCUMFERENCE TO CONFORM WITH THE NEW STANDARD ! LIST OF MAJOR LEAGUERS WHO MADE OR MORE ERRORS IN A SEASON
9EAR
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4EAM
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"OB &ERGUSON
"
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33
"AL+# 5!
&RANK &ENNELLY
33
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9ANK 2OBINSON
"
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"ILL -C#LELLAN
"
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%D -C+EAN
33
#LE !!
&RANK &ENNELLY
33
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*UMBO $AVIS
"
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(ERMAN ,ONG
33
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0HIL 4OMNEY
33
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"ILLY 3HINDLE
33
0HI 0,
"ILL *OYCE
"
"RO 0,
-ONTE 7ARD
33
"RO 0,
*IMMY #ANAVAN
33
#IN-IL !!
(ERMAN ,ONG
33
"OS ,!
&RANK 3HUGART
33
0IT ,!
*OE 3ULLIVAN
33
7AS ,!
(ERMAN ,ONG
33
"OS ,!
3AY MAY HAVE BEEN THE lRST INlELDER TO PULL THE HIDDEN BALL TRICK WHILE PLAYING FOR !LBANY IN AN )NTERNATIONAL !SSOCIATION GAME AGAINST 7ORCESTER ON 3EPTEMBER 4O (ENRY #HADWICKS INDIGNATION 3AYS hlRSTv WAS DENIED HIM HOWEVER WHEN THE UMPIRE REFUSED TO ALLOW THE OUT CLAIMING THERE WAS NOTHING IN THE RULES THAT MADE THE PLOY PERMISSIBLE
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0ITTSBURGH PROVOKED THE ILL ADVISED 4EMPLE #UP EXPERIMENT BY lNISHING A CLOSE ND IN 7ILLIAM 4EMPLE THE CUPS SIRE WAS MARRIED TO THE DAUGHTER OF *IMMY 7OOD THE .! STAR WHO LOST HIS LEG IN 4EMPLES DAUGHTER IN TURN MARRIED MAJOR LEAGUER $EL -ASON A PITCHER WITH #INCINNATI 4OP $ENNY ,YONS %LMER 3MITH AND $OGGIE -ILLER -IDDLE 2ED %HRET *OE 3UGDEN *AKE "ECKLEY 'EORGE 6AN (ALTREN &RANK +ILLEN #ONNIE -ACK AND *ACK 'LASSCOCK "OTTOM ,OU "IERBAUER 0ATSY $ONOVAN "ILL 4ERRY -ANAGER !L "UCKENBERGER 4OM #OLCOLOUGH "ILLY %ARLE AND *AKE 3TENZEL #OLCOLOUGHS NAME WAS PRONOUNCED DIFFERENTLY BY EVERY ONE OF HIS TEAMMATES WHEN HE lRST JOINED 0ITTSBURGH IN LATE *ULY FROM #HARLESTON OF THE 3OUTHERN ,EAGUE 4HE CORRECT PRONUNCIATION IS #OLCOLEE BUT HE SETTLED FOR #OAKLEY (IS TEAM IN WAS WILL ING TO SETTLE FOR BEING CALLED ANYTHING BUT THE 0IRATES &OR SEVERAL YEARS IN THE MID S LOCAL PAPERS REVIVED AN OLD TEAM NICKNAME FROM THE PREVIOUS DECADE AND CALLED THEM THE 3MOKED )TALIANS OR 3MOKED $AGOS OR SOMETIMES JUST THE $AGOS
lNISHED AT *ACK 3TIVETTS (ARRY 3TALEY AND (ANK 'ASTRIGHT "OSTONS OTHER THREE REGULAR STARTERS NEVER REGAINED THEIR PRE FORM +ILLEN WON A LOOP HIGH GAMES AFTER COMING TO 0ITTSBURGH FROM 7ASHINGTON IN A TRADE FOR CATCHER $UKE &ARRELL !NOTHER SWAP WITH 3T ,OUIS IN MIDSUMMER BROUGHT 3MOKE #ITY MAN AGER !L "UCKENBERGER THE ONLY NINETEENTH CENTURY SHORTSTOP TO WIN A BATTING TITLE IN *ACK 'LASS COCK 7HEN 'LASSCOCK HIT IN HIS HALF SEASON WITH 0ITTSBURGH %LMER 3MITH COMPLETED HIS CONVERSION FROM A SORE ARMED FORMER GAME WINNER TO A HARD HITTING OUTlELDER BY LEADING ALL FULL SEASON 0IRATES WITH A MARK AND PART TIMER *AKE 3TENZEL SMOKED THE BALL AT A CLIP "UCKENBERGER SUDDENLY HAD THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATIONS STRONGEST ALL AROUND TEAMSTATISTI
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CALLY ANYWAY )N THE 0IRATES OUTSTRIPPED "OSTON IN EVERY DEPARTMENTHITTING PITCHING AND lELDINGAND THOUGH THEY SCORED FEWER RUNS THAN THE "EANEATERS THEY ALSO GAVE UP FEWER 4HE DIFFERENCE WAS 3ELEE A MASTER AT PUTTING TOGETHER A TEAM BETTER THAN THE SUM OF ITS PARTS 3TILL 0ITTSBURGHAND THE "EANEATERS TOO FOR THAT MATTERWERE LEFT WITH A SLIGHTLY EMPTY FEEL ING AT THE CLOSE OF THE SEASON 7INNING THE PENNANT AFTER A YEAR TRADITION OF POSTSEASON BATTLES NO LONGER SEEMED LIKE ENOUGH 4O REMEDY MATTERS 7ILLIAM 4EMPLE ONE OF 0ITTSBURGHS OWNERS PROPOSED A PLAN WHEREBY THE ND PLACE TEAM AT THE END OF EACH FUTURE SEASON WOULD CHALLENGE THE ST PLACE TEAM TO A BEST OF SERIES 5PON RECEIVING SUPPORT FOR HIS NOTION FROM THE OTHER CLUBS HE ORDERED A CUP IN HIS NAME FOR FROM .EW 9ORK JEWELER ! % 4HRALL AND STIPULATED THAT PERMANENT POSSESSION OF THE h4EMPLE #UPv WOULD GO TO THE lRST TEAM TO WIN IT THREE TIMES 5NFORTUNATELY FOR 0ITTSBURGH 4EMPLES PLAN WAS NOT IMPLEMENTED UNTIL THE FOLLOW ING SEASON -ANY WOULD SOON WISH IT HAD NEVER BEEN IMPLEMENTED AT ALL
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4(% 3%!3/.!, 2%#/2$ ' 7 , 0CT ( 2 '" !TTENDANCE "OSTON "EANEATERS 0ITTSBURGH 0IRATES #LEVELAND 3PIDERS 0HILADELPHIA 0HILLIES .EW 9ORK 'IANTS "ROOKLYN "RIDEGROOMS #INCINNATI 2EDS "ALTIMORE /RIOLES #HICAGO #OLTS 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS ,OUISVILLE #OLONELS 7ASHINGTON .ATIONALS
"OS 0IT #LE 0HI .9 "RO #IN "AL #HI 3T, ,OU 7AS 4OT "OSTON 0ITTSBURGH #LEVELAND 0HILADELPHIA .EW 9ORK "ROOKLYN #INCINNATI "ALTIMORE #HICAGO 3T ,OUIS ,OUISVILLE 7ASHINGTON
3%!3/. ,%!$%23 "ATTING !VERAGE !"S
3LUGGING !VERAGE
(AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA 4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA $UFFY "OSTON $AVIS .EW 9ORK
$ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA $AVIS .EW 9ORK 4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA % 3MITH 0ITTSBURGH (AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA
4OTAL "ASES
/N "ASE 0ERCENTAGE (AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA #HILDS #LEVELAND "URKETT #LEVELAND -C'RAW "ALTIMORE % 3MITH 0ITTSBURGH
(OME 2UNS
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$ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA 4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA $AVIS .EW 9ORK % 3MITH 0ITTSBURGH -C+EAN #LEVELAND $UFFY "OSTON
$ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA #LEMENTS 0HILADELPHIA 4IERNAN .EW 9ORK ,OWE "OSTON 4HREE WITH
$ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA -C+EAN #LEVELAND 4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA .ASH "OSTON %WING #LEVELAND
(ITS
2UNS
"ASES ON "ALLS
4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA $UFFY "OSTON $AVIS .EW 9ORK - 7ARD .EW 9ORK
,ONG "OSTON $UFFY "OSTON $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA #HILDS #LEVELAND "URKETT #LEVELAND
#ROOKS 3T ,OUIS #HILDS #LEVELAND 2ADFORD 7ASHINGTON -C'RAW "ALTIMORE "URKETT #LEVELAND
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3TOLEN "ASES
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4 "ROWN ,OUISVILLE $OWD 3T ,OUIS ,ATHAM #INCINNATI "URKE .EW 9ORK "RODIE 3T, "ALTIMORE
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/03 (AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA $AVIS .EW 9ORK % 3MITH 0ITTSBURGH 4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA
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2USIE .EW 9ORK .ICHOLS "OSTON 9OUNG #LEVELAND +ILLEN 0ITTSBURGH "REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS +ENNEDY "ROOKLYN
#OMPLETE 'AMES
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7INNING 0ERCENTAGE DECISIONS
2USIE .EW 9ORK .ICHOLS "OSTON 9OUNG #LEVELAND +ENNEDY "ROOKLYN 4HREE WITH
2USIE .EW 9ORK +ENNEDY "ROOKLYN 9OUNG #LEVELAND "REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS 7EYHING 0HILADELPHIA
'ASTRIGHT 0ITTS "OSTON +ILLEN 0ITTSBURGH .ICHOLS "OSTON 9OUNG #LEVELAND 3TALEY "OSTON
%2! INNINGS
,OWEST //"0
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"REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS 2USIE .EW 9ORK 9OUNG #LEVELAND %HRET 0ITTSBURGH $ #LARKSON 3T ,OUIS
9OUNG #LEVELAND .ICHOLS "OSTON +ILLEN 0ITTSBURGH "REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS 3TEIN "ROOKLYN
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0UTOUTS
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&IELDING !VERAGE
" #ONNOR .EW 9ORK "ECKLEY 0ITTSBURGH 4UCKER "OSTON
"ECKLEY 0ITTSBURGH #ONNOR .EW 9ORK 7ERDEN 3T ,OUIS
7 "ROWN ,OUISVILLE "ALT "OYLE 0HILADELPHIA "ECKLEY 0ITTSBURGH
" -C0HEE #INCINNATI 0FEFFER ,OUISVILLE 1UINN 3T ,OUIS
* 7ARD .EW 9ORK -C0HEE #INCINNATI "IERBAUER 0ITTSBURGH
"IERBAUER 0ITTSBURGH -C0HEE #INCINNATI (ALLMAN 0HILADELPHIA
" ,YONS 0ITTSBURGH #ROOKS 3T ,OUIS .ASH "OSTON
3HINDLE "ALTIMORE $AVIS .EW 9ORK ,YONS 0ITTSBURGH
.ASH "OSTON 0INKNEY ,OUISVILLE ,YONS 0ITTSBURGH
33 !LLEN 0HILADELPHIA ,ONG "OSTON &ULLER .EW 9ORK
' 3MITH #INCINNATI ,ONG "OSTON &ULLER .EW 9ORK
' 3MITH #INCINNATI 'LASSCOCK 3T, 0ITTSBURGH !LLEN 0HILADELPHIA
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2& #ARROLL "OSTON $OWD 3T ,OUIS %WING #LEVELAND #& 4 "ROWN ,OUISVILLE $UFFY "OSTON +ELLEY "ALTIMORE
2ADFORD 7ASHINGTON 4READWAY "ALTIMORE $OWD 3T ,OUIS
$OWD 3T ,OUIS $ONOVAN 0ITTSBURGH / "URNS "ROOKLYN
4 "ROWN ,OUISVILLE (OY 7ASHINGTON 6AN (ALTREN 0ITTSBURGH
'RIFlN "ROOKLYN $UFFY "OSTON "RODIE 3T ,OUIS
,& $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA "URKE .EW 9ORK % 3MITH 0ITTSBURGH
$ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA 4 -C#ARTHY "OSTON % 3MITH 0ITTSBURGH
$ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA #ANAVAN #INCINNATI /2OURKE 7ASHINGTON
# 2OBINSON "ALTIMORE #LEMENTS 0HILADELPHIA &ARRELL 7ASHINGTON
&ARRELL 7ASHINGTON 'RIM ,OUISVILLE 0EITZ 3T ,OUIS
6AUGHN #INCINNATI 'RIM ,OUISVILLE 0EITZ 3T ,OUIS
0 "REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS $WYER #INCINNATI 7EYHING 0HILADELPHIA
2USIE .EW 9ORK 9OUNG #LEVELAND +ENNEDY "ROOKLYN
$WYER #INCINNATI 3TRATTON ,OUISVILLE 4AYLOR 0HILADELPHIA
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" 4UCKER "OSTON "ECKLEY 0ITTSBURGH 7 "ROWN ,OUISVILLE "ALT
7ERDEN 3T ,OUIS #ONNOR .EW 9ORK ,ARKIN 7ASHINGTON
#ONNOR .EW 9ORK "ECKLEY 0ITTSBURGH 4UCKER "OSTON
" -C0HEE #INCINNATI 0FEFFER ,OUISVILLE "IERBAUER 0ITTSBURGH
* 7ARD .EW 9ORK #HILDS #LEVELAND 7ISE 7ASHINGTON
7ISE 7ASHINGTON -C0HEE #INCINNATI #HILDS #LEVELAND
" $AVIS .EW 9ORK 0INKNEY ,OUISVILLE 3HINDLE "ALTIMORE
$AVIS .EW 9ORK 3HINDLE "ALTIMORE ,ATHAM #INCINNATI
#ROOKS 3T ,OUIS 0ARROTT #HICAGO 3HINDLE "ALTIMORE
33 ,ONG "OSTON ' 3MITH #INCINNATI !LLEN 0HILADELPHIA
* 3ULLIVAN 7ASHINGTON ,ONG "OSTON -C+EAN #LEVELAND
$AHLEN #HICAGO ,ONG "OSTON !LLEN 0HILADELPHIA
2& $OWD 3T ,OUIS $ONOVAN 0ITTSBURGH #ARROLL "OSTON / "URNS "ROOKLYN
2ADFORD 7ASHINGTON 4READWAY "ALTIMORE #ARROLL "OSTON
#ARROLL "OSTON 7EAVER ,OUISVILLE 4READWAY "ALTIMORE
6AN (ALTREN 0ITTSBURGH (OY 7ASHINGTON 4 "ROWN ,OUISVILLE
4 "ROWN ,OUISVILLE (AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA -C!LEER #LEVELAND
"URKETT #LEVELAND 7ILMOT #HICAGO "URKE .EW 9ORK
$ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA 7ILMOT #HICAGO % 3MITH 0ITTSBURGH
#& 4 "ROWN ,OUISVILLE 'RIFlN "ROOKLYN (OY 7ASHINGTON ,& $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA % 3MITH 0ITTSBURGH "URKETT #LEVELAND
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# 'RIM ,OUISVILLE +INSLOW "ROOKLYN 6AUGHN #INCINNATI :IMMER #LEVELAND
&ARRELL 7ASHINGTON +INSLOW "ROOKLYN -C'UIRE 7ASHINGTON
&ARRELL 7ASHINGTON 0EITZ 3T ,OUIS +INSLOW "ROOKLYN
0ASSED "ALL ,EADERS 6AUGHN #INCINNATI 'RIM ,OUISVILLE 0EITZ 3T ,OUIS 0 +ENNEDY "ROOKLYN $WYER #INCINNATI .ICHOLS "OSTON 2USIE .EW 9ORK
-C-AHON "ALTIMORE 2USIE .EW 9ORK +ILLEN 0ITTSBURGH
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3TRATTON ,OUISVILLE +ENNEDY "ROOKLYN 9OUNG #LEVELAND
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0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! $UFFY .ASH ,ONG 4UCKER ,OWE #ARROLL -C#ARTHY "ENNETT .ICHOLS
#& " 33 " " 2& ,& # 0
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' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3" 3/ ("0 "! 3! /"0 " *AKE "ECKLEY #& 'EORGE 6AN (ALTREN " ,OU "IERBAUER ,& %LMER 3MITH 2& 0ATSY $ONOVAN " $ENNY ,YONS 33 *ACK 'LASSCOCK 3UB *AKE 3TENZEL 33 &RANK 3HUGART 0 &RANK +ILLEN # $OGGIE -ILLER 0 2ED %HRET # #ONNIE -ACK # "ILLY %ARLE 0 !D 'UMBERT # *OE 3UGDEN 0 "ILL 4ERRY 0 (ANK 'ASTRIGHT 0 4OM #OLCOLOUGH 3UB 2EDDY 'RAY 3UB 3AM 'ILLEN 0 -ARK "ALDWIN
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"6IRTUE 4EBEAU %WING "#HILDS %WING 4EBEAU 33-C+EAN 6IRTUE "-C'ARR 4EBEAU 6IRTUE !LVORD -C&ARLAND 'ILMAN :IMMER /&"URKETT %WING -C!LEER /#ONNOR 6IRTUE -C&ARLAND 7ILLIAMS #UPPY #LARKSON (ASTINGS 3TAFFORD #:IMMER /#ONNOR 'UNSON "OYD -C&ARLAND %WING !LLEN 09OUNG #LARKSON #UPPY (ASTINGS 7ILLIAMS $AVIES 3TAFFORD 3CHEIBLE &ISHER 6IRTUE
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! -C+EAN 33 "URKETT ,& #HILDS " %WING 2& -C!LEER #& 6IRTUE " h 2& -C'ARR " 4EBEAU " h " /#ONNOR # h #& :IMMER # 9OUNG 0 #LARKSON 0 #UPPY 0 'UNSON # (ASTINGS 0
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7EARY OF WATCHING BATTERS DELIBERATELY BUNT PITCHES FOUL WITHOUT PENALTY RULESMAKERS DECREED IN THAT A FOUL HIT RESULTING FROM A SACRIlCE BUNT ATTEMPT WAS NOW A STRIKE BUT AT THE SAME TIME DETERMINED THAT SACRIlCE HITS WOULD BECOME AN OFlCIAL STATISTIC ! THIRD AND EVEN MORE SIGNIlCANT RULE CHANGE WAS THE INSTITUTION OF THE lRST INlELD mY RULE THEREUPON ELIMINATING THE hTRAPPED BALLv PLAY PERFECTED BY SUCH INlELDERS AS "ID -C0HEE AND &RED 0FEFFER WHO WOULD PURPOSELY LET INlELD POPS FALL SAFELY WITH RUNNERS ON BASE AND LESS THAN TWO OUT IN ORDER TO TURN EASY DOUBLE AND SOMETIMES EVEN TRIPLE PLAYS 4HOUGH THESE NEW RULES SEEMINGLY IF ANYTHING SHOULD HAVE REDUCED BATTING AVERAGES A NOTCH OR TWO THE SEASON UNLEASHED THE GREATEST OFFENSIVE DELUGE IN HISTORY 4HE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION BATTED AS A WHOLE AND EACH GAME FEA TURED AN AVERAGE OF RUNS AND MORE THAN HITS 7HY IT WAS THAT HITTERS REALLY FEASTED THE SECOND YEARRATHER THAN THE lRST YEARAFTER THE PITCHING RULES WERE ALTERED WILL PROBABLY NEVER BE FULLY UNDERSTOOD BUT THE FANS DElNITELY SEEMED TO RESPOND TO THE ACCELERATION IN OFFENSE !TTENDANCE lGURES ROSE AGAIN IN AND WOULD CONTINUE TO CLIMB UNTIL 9ET WHILE MANY TEAM OWNERS WERE TURNING A HANDSOME PROlT THEY WERE NOT ABOUT TO SHARE IT 4HE 0LAYERS ,EAGUE WAR HAD BEEN INSTRUMENTAL IN HIKING MAJOR LEAGUE SALARIES TO A MINIMUM BUT BY THE 0HILADELPHIA 0HILLIES HAD A SALARY MAXIMUM OF AND ROOKIES WITH MOST MAJOR LEAGUE CLUBS EARNED BETWEEN AND 7HAT WAS MORE MANY TEAMS REVIVED THE OLD PENNY PINCHING TACTIC OF FORCING SUBSTITUTES TO DOUBLE AS TICKET TAKERS AND GROUNDSKEEPERS 5NABLE TO VENT THEIR FRUSTRATION ANYWHERE ELSE PLAYERS BEGAN EXPRESSING IT ON THE lELD OF PLAY "Y ONLY OF THE PLAYERS ACTIVE IN THE 0LAYERS ,EAGUE WERE STILL IN THE MAJORS MANY HAVING QUIT BECAUSE THEY FOUND THE CHANGES IN THE GAME TOO DEBILITATING )N THEIR STEAD ARRIVED A NEW BREED OF PLAYER WHOSE GAME WAS BUILT ON ROWDYBALL AND INTIMIDATION 4HE SEASON WAS THE lRST TO DEMONSTRATE THAT ROUGHHOUSE TACTICS WHICH HERETOFORE HAD BROUGHT ONLY OPPROBRIUM TO THEIR PRACTITIONERS COULD PAY RICH DIVIDENDS IN THE STANDINGS IF NOT NECESSARILY AT THE BOX OFlCE 4HE "ALTIMORE /RIOLES EXPERT LLL
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AS IN AND OR WHEN THEY WERE RELEASED SOLD OR OTHERWISE WORE OUT THEIR WELCOME "Y THE CLIMATE HAD CHANGED 0REVIOUSLY PLAYERS HAD OFTEN SHORT CIRCUITED POTENTIAL TRADES SIMPLY BY REFUSING TO SIGN A CONTRACT WITH THEIR PROPOSED NEW TEAM BUT THE MERGER OF THE TWO MAJOR LEAGUES AND THE CONCOMITANT REDUCTION IN JOBS ELIMINATED THAT FREEDOM "ALTIMORES .ED (ANLON WAS QUICK TO SEIZE UPON WHAT HE SAW AS A NEW AND EASY METHOD TO REBUILD HIS TEAM (ANLONS /RIOLES WERE THE lRST DYNASTY TO BE ASSEMBLED TO A LARGE EXTENT VIA THE TRADE ROUTE (ERES HOW (ANLON GATHERED THE KEY MEMBERS OF HIS mOCK (OLDOVERS FROM THE !! /RIOLES " *OHN -C'RAW # 7ILBERT 2OBINSON 0 3ADIE -C-AHON &ROM 0ITTSBURGH ,& *OE +ELLEY AND CASH IN A 3EPTEMBER TRADE FOR 'EORGE 6AN (ALTREN THE ONLY DEAL WHERE (ANLON GAVE UP A PLAYER OF ANYTHING CLOSE TO EQUAL VALUE &ROM ,OUISVILLE 33 (UGHIE *ENNINGS AND " (ARRY 4AYLOR IN A *UNE TRADE FOR " 4IM /2OURKE AND CASH 0 'EORGE (EMMING A GAME WINNER IN IN A LATE TRADE FOR 0 "ERT )NKS AND CASH &ROM "ROOKLYN ,& 7ILLIE +EELER AND " $AN "ROUTHERS IN A *ANUARY TRADE FOR 'EORGE 4READ WAY AND "ILLY 3HINDLE &ROM 3T ,OUIS #& 3TEVE "RODIE FOR CASH IN !UGUST 0 " +ID 'LEASON FOR CASH IN *UNE &ROM 7ASHINGTON 0 $UKE %SPER FOR CASH IN *ULY &ROM THE MINORS " (EINIE 2EITZ IN
AT SPIKING TRIPPING AND GRABBING THE BELTS OF ENEMY BASE RUNNERS WHEN AN UMPIRE WAS NOT LOOKING WERE THE SURPRISE PENNANT WINNER -EANWHILE THE #LEVELAND 3PIDERS EQUALLY ADEPT AT PHYSICALLY DAUNTING OPPONENTS AND TERRORIZING UMPIRES DREW THE SECOND FEWEST HOME FANS IN THE MAJORS DESPITE lNISHING IN THE lRST DIVISION "Y THE SPRING OF THE /RIOLES HAD JUST THREE REGULARS WHO HAD BEEN WITH THEM TWO YEARS EARLIER WHEN THE TWO MAJOR LEAGUES MERGED -OST OF THE NEW TEAM MEMBERS HAD BEEN ACQUIRED BY MANAGER .ED (ANLON VIA A STRING OF DEFT TRADES 3INCE "ALTIMORE HAD lNISHED LAST IN AND JUST EIGHTH THE FOLLOWING YEAR THE /RIOLES CAUGHT THE REST OF THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION NAP PING AND HELD A FOUR GAME LEAD ON *UNE AFTER THEY OPENED THE CAMPAIGN BY WINNING
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AND HE ALSO HAPPENED TO JOIN THE 0HILLIES THE MOST POTENT OFFENSIVE FORCE IN THE MAJORS 4URNER IMMEDIATELY FELL INTO STEP HITTING )N WHEN THE 0HILLIES TEAM BATTING AVERAGE WENT THROUGH THE STRATOSPHERE 4URNER JUMPED TO THE HEAD OF THE PARADE LEADING THE CLUB AT 3INCE THE 0HILS THREE INCUMBENT OUTlELD REGULARS3AM 4HOMPSON %D $ELAHANTY AND "ILLY (AMILTONALSO HIT AROUND HE SAW ONLY SPOT DUTY 4HE SAME THING HAPPENED IN WHEN HE HIT BUT GOT JUST AT BATS 3TILL 4URNER lNISHED THE SEASON AS THE lRST PLAYER TO COMPILE A CAREER BATTING AVERAGE IN HIS lRST AT BATS IN THE MAJORS /NLY ONE OTHER PLAYER IN THE YEARS SINCE*OE *ACKSONHAS MATCHED 4URNERS METEORIC START
ed j^[ heWZ W]W_d m_j^ Zka[ )N 'IANTS CATCHER $UKE &ARRELL BECAME THE lRST AND THUS FAR THE ONLY MAJOR LEAGUER EVER TO COMPILE OR MORE HITS SIX YEARS IN A ROW FOR SIX DIFFERENT TEAMS 4HOUGH HIS WHIRLWIND ODYSSEY WAS ABOUT TO SLOW DOWN HIS CAREER WOULD BECOME NO LESS STRANGE &ARRELL PLAYED MORE YEARS IN THE MAJORS DURING WHICH HE ONLY CHANGED TEAMS THREE MORE TIMES BUT JUST ONCE WAS HE AGAIN ABLE TO ACHIEVE AS MANY AS HITS IN A SEASON -EANWHILE HE DEVELOPED INTO THE GAMES lRST GREAT PINCH HITTER !T THE CLOSE OF HIS CAREER IN &ARRELL HELD THE MAJOR LEAGUE CAREER RECORDS FOR BOTH THE MOST PINCH HITS AND THE HIGHEST BATTING AVERAGE IN PINCH ROLES .OTHING HE DID IN OFFERED ANY HINT OF WHAT WAS AHEAD &ARRELL ENDED THAT SEASON HITLESS IN HIS ONLY CAREER PINCH HIT AT BAT TO THAT POINT
OF THEIR lRST GAMES "UT A COLLECTIVE HITTING SLUMP SENT THE /RIOLES INTO A TAILSPIN THAT LEFT THEM lVE GAMES BEHIND "OSTON BY THE END OF *ULY (ANLON THEN ATTEMPTED TO STOP "OSTONS THREE YEAR CHAMPIONSHIP REIGN BY APPOINTING THIRD BASEMAN *OHN -C'RAW HIS CLEANUP HITTER AND HARD HITTING *OE +ELLEY HIS LEADOFF MAN %VEN THOUGH -C'RAW HAD LITTLE POWER AND ENDED THE SEASON WITH THE FEWEST 2") OF ANY "ALTIMORE REGULAR (ANLONS UNORTHODOX STRATAGEM PRO DUCED THE DESIRED RESULT 7ITH +ELLEY WHO SCORED RUNS IN THE LAST GAMES OF THE SEASON AT THE TOP OF THE ORDER AND -C'RAW AT THE HEART OF IT THE /RIOLES REGAINED ST PLACE ON !UGUST AND HELD IT THE REST OF THE WAY PARLAYING AN GAME WINNING STREAK INTO A lNISHING KICK THAT BROUGHT THEM VICTORIES IN THEIR LAST CONTESTS
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4HOUGH THE /RIOLES COLLECTIVELY BATTED AND SCORED RUNS THEY WON NOT ON THEIR HITTING BUT ON THEIR EXCEPTIONAL DE FENSE AND GOOD HEALTH 4HE FORMER WAS A PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT ASSET IN SINCE GAMES SAW AN AVERAGE OF ONLY FOUR STRIKEOUTS AND AROUND SEVEN WALKS MEANING THE BALL WAS ALMOST CONSTANTLY IN PLAY "ALTIMORES lELDING AVERAGE TOPPED THE LOOP BY NINE POINTS AND (ANLON HAD ADDED CAUSE TO REJOICE WHEN HIS TEAM ALONE AMONG THE CONTENDERS WAS SPARED ANY SERIOUS INJURIES 7ITH ALL EIGHT REGULARS AVAILABLE ALMOST EVERY DAY "ALTIMORE NEEDED TO USE ONLY TWO SUBSTITUTES ALL SEASON "OILERYARD #LARKE AND &RANK "ONNER #LARKE SERVED AS THE /RIOLES BACKUP CATCHER AND lRST BASE MAN AND "ONNER lLLED IN EVERYWHERE ELSE (ANLONS PITCHING WAS ANOTHER STORY %VEN WITH THEIR STERLING DEFENSE THE /RIOLES WERE LAST IN THE ,EAGUE IN COMPLETE GAMES AND LACKED A REAL STAFF ACE AS NO FEWER THAN SIX OF THEIR HURLERS WORKED OR MORE INNINGS AND ALL TOLD COLLECTED AT LEAST ONE DECISION 4HE SECOND PLACE .EW 9ORK 'IANTS IN CONTRAST USED JUST lVE PITCHERS ALL YEAR AND POSTED A STAFF %2! OF THAT WAS RUNS PER GAME LOWER THAN ANY OTHER TEAMS "UT PLAYER MANAGER *OHN 7ARD IN HIS LAST SEASON HIT JUST AND 7ARDS KEYSTONE PARTNER 3HORTY &ULLER BATTED "OTH THEIR MARKS WERE WELL BELOW THE
(UGH $UFFY@S RECORD SETTING "! IN IS STILL DISPUTED BY SOME AUTHORITIES 7HAT HAS NEVER BEEN DISPUTED ARE HIS (ALL OF &AME CREDENTIALS )TS ALWAYS BEEN ASSUMED THAT 4OMMY -C#ARTHY GOT INTO THE (ALL ON $UFFYS COATTAILS AS THE OTHER HALF OF "OSTONS FAMED h(EAVENLY 4WINS v BUT IT MIGHT HAVE BEEN THE OTHER WAY $UFFYS RECORD BREAKING "! PLUNGED POINTS IN AND THERE WAS A REASON FOR IT THAT HAS BEEN BURIED OVER THE YEARS )N FOR THE lRST TIME ,! UMPIRES WERE AUTHORIZED TO CHARGE A BATTER WITH A STRIKE ON EV ERY FOUL BUNT ATTEMPT THEREBY DEPRIVING $UFFY OF ONE OF HIS MAIN OFFENSIVE WEAPONSBUNTING FOUL WITHOUT PENALTY EVERY PITCH NOT TO HIS LIKING )N !PRIL THE #HICAGO 4IMES (ERALD WROTE h!S SOON AS THE HANDICAP WAS PUT ON ;IN = $UFFY QUIT THE BUNTING GAME AND HIT OUT FROM WHICH TIME HIS BATTING AVERAGE GREW BEAU TIFULLY SMALLER YEAR AFTER YEARv
,EAGUE !SSOCIATION AVERAGE AS WAS -IKE 4IERNANS 4IERNAN NORMALLY THE 'IANTS MOST RELIABLE RUN PRODUCER SHOULDERED MOST OF THE BLAME FOR .EW 9ORKS FAILURE TO CATCH "ALTIMORE BUT THE FAULT REALLY LAY WITH THE FRONT OFlCE 7HEN (ANLON REALIZING HE NEEDED PITCHING HELP BUSIED HIMSELF IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE SEASON PLUG GING HOLES IN HIS THIN HILL STAFF BY TRADING FOR SUCH AS $UKE %SPER WHO WENT FOR THE /RIOLES DOWN THE STRETCH THE 'IANTS CON TINUED TO RELY ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY ON THEIR h"IG 4WOv OF !MOS 2USIE AND *OUETT -EEKIN 4HE PAIR WERE AWESOME IN POSTING VICTORIES AND A COMBINED WINNING PERCENTAGE BUT .EW 9ORKS OTHER THREE HURLERS WON JUST GAMES AGGREGATE WHILE LOS ING THE SAME NUMBER AS 2USIE AND -EEKIN "OSTON EIGHT GAMES BACK IN RD PLACE HAD A SIMILAR DElCIENCY +ID .ICHOLS AND *ACK 3TIVETTS WERE A COMBINED FOR THE "EANEATERS BUT &RANK 3ELEE GOT JUST A PERFORMANCE FROM
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YbWhaied=i YeZW !T THE BEGINNING OF THE SEASON *OHN #LARKSON WAS JUST YEARS OLD AND WAS NEARING HIS TH CAREER WIN 3OMETHING OF A PRIMA DONNA HE WAS DISLIKED BY MOST OF HIS "OSTON TEAMMATES HOWEVER AND THEIR ENMITY TOWARD HIM GREW TO DIVISIVE PROPORTIONS AFTER HE BECAME SUSPECTED OF HAVING SERVED AS A STOOLIE FOR THE OWNERS IN THE 0LAYERS ,EAGUE WAR 7HEN #LARKSON GOT OFF TO AN ERRATIC START IN MANAGER &RANK 3ELEE MOVED BOTH +ID .ICHOLS AND *ACK 3TIVETTS AHEAD OF HIM IN THE PITCHING ROTATION %ARLY IN THE SUMMER THE DISGRUNTLED #LARKSON WAS LET GO TO #LEVELAND WHERE HE REBOUNDED TO lNISH WITH WINS AND COLLECT HIS TH VICTORY )N LIKE MOST HURLERS #LARKSON HAD TROUBLE ADJUSTING TO THE NEW PITCHING DISTANCE AND SLIPPED TO JUST "UT ANY WOR RIES THAT HE MIGHT BE NEARING THE END SEEMED ALLAYED WHEN HE WON SEVEN OF HIS lRST EIGHT STARTS IN 7HAT HAPPENED AT THAT POINT TO #LARKSON IS UNCERTAIN !FTER NOTCHING TWO SHUTOUTS AND CED ING MORE THAN FOUR RUNS JUST ONCE IN HIS lRST EIGHT STARTS COMMENCING ON *UNE #LARKSON WAS SHEL LACKED UNMERCIFULLY IN JUST ABOUT EVERY FURTHER OUTING 7HILE IT IS POSSIBLE THAT HE SUSTAINED AN UN DISCLOSED INJURY THAT RENDERED HIM SUDDENLY INEFFECTIVE THERE IS ANOTHER PLAUSIBLE EXPLANATION !C CORDING TO SOME CONTEMPORARY REPORTS #LARKSON HAD SO ALIENATED MANY OF HIS #LEVELAND TEAMMATES BY *UNE THAT THEY PURPOSELY BEGAN TO MAKE ERRORS BEHIND HIM IN AN ATTEMPT TO DRIVE HIM OFF THE TEAM )N ANY EVENT #LARKSON FOLLOWED HIS STERLING BEGINNING IN BY DROPPING NINE OF HIS NEXT DECISIONS AND WAS RELEASED BY THE 3PIDERS IN MID *ULY NEVER TO PLAY IN THE MAJORS AGAIN 4HE SKID THAT LED TO HIS RELEASE SHAVED HIS CAREER WINNING PERCENTAGE POINTS FROM TO
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4OOK THE LOSS AFTER RELIEVING STARTER "ILL ,YSTON
4OOK THE LOSS AFTER RELIEVING STARTER #Y 9OUNG
#LARKSON ALSO HAD TWO STARTS AND TWO RELIEF APPEARANCES IN WHICH HE WAS NOT INVOLVED IN THE DECI SION (IS lNAL TWO APPEARANCES WERE MOP UP ROLES ON *ULY AND *ULY IN FREEWHEELING GAMES AGAINST THE PITCHING SHORT 7ASHINGTONS AND 0HILLIES THAT #LEVELAND ULTIMATELY WON AND
THE REST OF HIS STAFF 0ITCHING SHORTS PLUS THE LOSS OF CATCHER #HARLIE "ENNETT WHO HAD BOTH LEGS AMPUTATED AFTER HE SLIPPED BENEATH THE WHEELS OF A MOVING TRAIN IN A HORRENDOUS OFF SEASON ACCIDENT STYMIED THE HIGHEST SCORING TEAM IN MAJOR LEAGUE HISTORY 4HANKS IN LARGE MEASURE TO (UGH $UFFYS MATCHLESS SEASON AND A NINETEENTH CENTURY TEAM RECORD SLUGGING AVERAGE "OSTON TALLIED A RECORD RUNS 4HE "EANEATERS WERE ALSO THE ONLY CLUB TO WIN A SEASON SERIES FROM "ALTIMORE TAKING EIGHT OF THE GAMES THE PAIR PLAYED "UT THEIR MARK AGAINST THE BOTTOM lVE TEAMS WAS GAMES POORER THAN "ALTIMORES AGAINST THE SAME CREW OF TAILENDERS AND ACCOUNTED AS MUCH AS ANYTHING ELSE FOR THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO IN THE STANDINGS 4HE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATIONS LEADING UNDERACHIEVERS ONCE AGAIN WERE THE 0HILADELPHIA 0HILLIES GAMES OUT EVEN THOUGH THEY BATTED AN ALL TIME RECORD 4HE 0HILS HAD AN INJURY EXCUSE HOWEVER LOSING SHORTSTOP "OB !LLEN THE KEY TO THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATIONS STINGIEST DEFENSE IN TO A MIDSEASON BEANING !LLENS REPLACEMENT WAS *OE 3ULLIVAN COMING OFF A YEAR IN WHICH HE MADE ERRORS 3ULLIVAN HIT FOR THE 0HILS BUT MORE OFFENSE WAS HARDLY WHAT MANAGER !RTHUR )RWIN NEEDED )N EARLY !UGUST "ALTIMORE CAME TO 0HILADELPHIA FOR A THREE GAME SERIES THAT REPRESENTED THE 0HILS LAST REALISTIC CHANCE TO CLIMB BACK INTO THE RACE *ACK 4AYLOR WON THE OPENER OF A TWIN BILL FOR 0HILADELPHIA ON !UGUST BEATING %SPER BUT THE 0HILS WERE DRUBBED IN THE NIGHTCAP 4HE FOLLOWING DAY AFTER BLASTING +ID #ARSEY TO WIN A DON NYBROOK THE /RIOLES LEFT TOWN HAVING GAINED A LENGTH ON THE 0HILS DESPITE SURRENDERING RUNS IN THE THREE GAMES BECAUSE THE 0HILS HAD SURRENDERED )T WAS A TYPICAL SERIES FOR )RWIN WHEN HE MATCHED FORCES WITH 3ELEE 7ARD AND (ANLON THE MANAGERS OF THE THREE TEAMS THAT lNISHED AHEAD OF HIS CLUB
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4HE AVERAGE MAN HERE PITCHERS INCLUDED HIT 9ES ITS THE GREATEST HITTING MACHINE OF ALL TIMETHE 0HILADELPHIA 0HILLIES 4OP *IMMY #ALLAHAN "OB !LLEN %D $ELAHANTY *ACK "OYLE 3AM 4HOMPSON *ACK 4AYLOR AND #HARLIE 2EILLY -IDDLE *ACK #LEMENTS 'US 7EYHING "ILL (ALLMAN MANAGER !RTHUR )RWIN +ID #ARSEY "ILLY (AMILTON AND 'EORGE (ADDOCK "OTTOM &RED (ARTMAN *ACK 3HARROTT 4UCK 4URNER AND -IKE 'RADY (ARTMAN EVIDENTLY PICKED THE RIGHT DAY TO SHOW UP FOR A TRYOUT AS HE WAS NEVER OFlCIALLY ON THE 0HILS ROSTER THAT YEAR BUT DID JOIN 0ITTSBURGH LATER IN THE SEASON AFTER PLAYING IN THE 0ENNSYLVANIA 3TATE ,EAGUE !LLENS PRESENCE IN THE PICTURE MAKES US CERTAIN THIS PICTURE WAS TAKEN BEFORE *UNE 4HAT WAS THE DAY HE WAS BEANED IN #INCINNATI BY )CEBOX #HAMBERLAIN 4HE PITCH LEFT HIM WITH A SEVERE CONCUSSION AND FRACTURED HIS CHEEKBONE SO BADLY THAT SURGERY WAS REQUIRED TO SAVE HIS LEFT EYE
)N THE lRST 4EMPLE #UP SERIES THE PROPOSED DIVISION OF THE PLAYERS SHARE FROM THE GATE RE CEIPTS WAS TO THE WINNING TEAM AND TO THE LOSERS BUT THE /RIOLES VETOED THAT ARRANGE MENT &EELING THAT THE PENNANT WAS "ALTIMORES REGARDLESS AND THE MATCH WAS LITTLE MORE THAN A SERIES OF EXHIBITION GAMES EACH /RIOLES STARTER MADE A SECRET DEAL WITH HIS COUNTERPART ON THE 'IANTS 4HE BEST OF SERIES THEN BECAME A TRAVESTY AS THE 'IANTS WON FOUR STRAIGHT ONE SIDED GAMES WITH 2USIE AND -EEKIN BAGGING TWO VICTORIES EACH 4HOUGH THE 'IANTS WERE NOW OFlCIALLY THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION CHAMPIONS NO ONE OUTSIDE OF .EW 9ORK BOUGHT THAT THEIR VIC TORY MEANT ANYTHING 4HIS SAME LACK OF CREDIBILITY WOULD HAUNT PROMOTERS OF THE 4EMPLE #UP SERIES IN EACH YEAR OF ITS SHORT EXISTENCE
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4(% 3%!3/.!, 2%#/2$ ' 7 , 0CT ( 2 '" !TTENDANCE "ALTIMORE /RIOLES .EW 9ORK 'IANTS "OSTON "EANEATERS 0HILADELPHIA 0HILLIES "ROOKLYN "RIDEGROOMS #LEVELAND 3PIDERS 0ITTSBURGH 0IRATES #HICAGO #OLTS 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS #INCINNATI 2EDS 7ASHINGTON .ATIONALS ,OUISVILLE #OLONELS
"AL .9 "OS 0HI "RO #LE 0IT #HI 3T, #IN 7AS ,OU 4OT "ALTIMORE .EW 9ORK "OSTON 0HILADELPHIA "ROOKLYN #LEVELAND 0ITTSBURGH #HICAGO 3T ,OUIS #INCINNATI 7ASHINGTON ,OUISVILLE
3%!3/. ,%!$%23 "ATTING !VERAGE !"S
3LUGGING !VERAGE
$UFFY "OSTON 4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA (AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA +ELLEY "ALTIMORE
4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA $UFFY "OSTON *OYCE 7ASHINGTON +ELLEY "ALTIMORE $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA
(AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA +ELLEY "ALTIMORE $UFFY "OSTON *OYCE 7ASHINGTON #HILDS #LEVELAND
4OTAL "ASES
(OME 2UNS
2")
$UFFY "OSTON ,OWE "OSTON *OYCE 7ASHINGTON $AHLEN #HICAGO 3IX WITH
4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA $UFFY "OSTON $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA #ROSS 0HILADELPHIA 7ILMOT #HICAGO
$UFFY "OSTON ,OWE "OSTON 4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA +EELER "ALTIMORE +ELLEY "ALTIMORE
/N "ASE 0ERCENTAGE
(ITS
2UNS
"ASES ON "ALLS
$UFFY "OSTON (AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA +EELER "ALTIMORE ,OWE "OSTON "RODIE "ALTIMORE #ROSS 0HILADELPHIA
(AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA +ELLEY "ALTIMORE +EELER "ALTIMORE $UFFY "OSTON ,OWE "OSTON
(AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA +ELLEY "ALTIMORE #HILDS #LEVELAND .ASH "OSTON -C'RAW "ALTIMORE
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3TRIKEOUTS
(AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA -C'RAW "ALTIMORE 7ILMOT #HICAGO 4 "ROWN ,OUISVILLE ,ANGE #HICAGO
4 "ROWN ,OUISVILLE 4READWAY "ROOKLYN #ARTWRIGHT 7ASHINGTON $ALY "ROOKLYN "ANNON "OSTON
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/03
$ONOVAN 0ITTSBURGH "RODIE "ALTIMORE (ALLMAN 0HILADELPHIA "ECKLEY 0ITTSBURGH "IERBAUER 0ITTSBURGH * 7ARD .EW 9ORK
$UFFY "OSTON 4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA *OYCE 7ASHINGTON +ELLEY "ALTIMORE $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA
(IT "Y 0ITCH *ENNINGS "ALTIMORE "ECKLEY 0ITSBURGH +EELER "ALTIMORE 4UCKER "OSTON -C'RAW "ALTIMORE "RODIE "ALTIMORE
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2USIE .EW 9ORK -EEKIN .EW 9ORK .ICHOLS "OSTON "REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS 4HREE WITH
(AWLEY 3T ,OUIS -ENEFEE ,OUISVILLE 0ITTS "REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS -ERCER 7ASHINGTON $WYER #INCINNATI
"REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS 2USIE .EW 9ORK -EEKIN .EW 9ORK 9OUNG #LEVELAND .ICHOLS "OSTON
)NNINGS
#OMPLETE 'AMES
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7INNING 0ERCENTAGE DECISIONS
"REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS 2USIE .EW 9ORK 9OUNG #LEVELAND -EEKIN .EW 9ORK .ICHOLS "OSTON
2USIE .EW 9ORK "REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS -EEKIN .EW 9ORK (AWLEY 3T ,OUIS .ICHOLS "OSTON
-EEKIN .EW 9ORK -C-AHON "ALTIMORE 2USIE .EW 9ORK .ICHOLS "OSTON 3TEIN "ROOKLYN 3TIVETTS "OSTON
%2! INNINGS
,OWEST //"0
,OWEST /"!
2USIE .EW 9ORK -EEKIN .EW 9ORK -ERCER 7ASHINGTON 9OUNG #LEVELAND 4AYLOR 0HILADELPHIA
2USIE .EW 9ORK -EEKIN .EW 9ORK * #LARKSON #LEVELAND 9OUNG #LEVELAND .ICHOLS "OSTON
2USIE .EW 9ORK -EEKIN .EW 9ORK 3TEIN "ROOKLYN "REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS * #LARKSON #LEVELAND -C-AHON "ALTIMORE
!SSISTS
&IELDING !VERAGE
"ECKLEY 0ITTSBURGH #ONNOR .EW 9ORK 3T ,OUIS #ARTWRIGHT 7ASHINGTON
4UCKER "OSTON "OYLE 0HILADELPHIA "ECKLEY 0ITTSBURGH
"IERBAUER 0ITTSBURGH - 7ARD .EW 9ORK -C0HEE #INCINNATI
2EITZ "ALTIMORE 1UINN 3T ,OUIS -C0HEE #INCINNATI
.ASH "OSTON ,ATHAM #INCINNATI $AVIS .EW 9ORK -C'RAW "ALTIMORE
.ASH "OSTON , #ROSS 0HILADELPHIA $AVIS .EW 9ORK
&)%,$).' 0UTOUTS " "ECKLEY 0ITTSBURGH #ARTWRIGHT 7ASHINGTON "ROUTHERS "ALTIMORE " -C0HEE #INCINNATI ,OWE "OSTON 1UINN 3T ,OUIS " .ASH "OSTON 3HINDLE "ROOKLYN , #ROSS 0HILADELPHIA
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33 *ENNINGS "ALTIMORE #ORCORAN "ROOKLYN %LY 3T ,OUIS 2& $ONOVAN 0ITTSBURGH * "ANNON "OSTON *IMMY 2YAN #HICAGO #& (AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA !BBEY 7ASHINGTON 4 "ROWN ,OUISVILLE ,& 4 -C#ARTHY "OSTON +ELLEY "ALTIMORE % 3MITH 0ITTSBURGH # &ARRELL .EW 9ORK 2OBINSON "ALTIMORE 3CHRIVER #HICAGO 0 "REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS .ICHOLS "OSTON $WYER #INCINNATI $OUBLE 0LAYS
' 3MITH #INCINNATI *ENNINGS "ALTIMORE %LY 3T ,OUIS
*ENNINGS "ALTIMORE 2ICHARDSON ,OUISVILLE ' 3MITH #INCINNATI
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4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA / "URNS "ROOKLYN +EELER "ALTIMORE
(OY 7ASHINGTON 6AN (ALTREN .EW 9ORK $UFFY "OSTON
'RIFlN "ROOKLYN (AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA "RODIE "ALTIMORE
4 -C#ARTHY "OSTON $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA (OLLIDAY #INCINNATI
+ELLEY "ALTIMORE "URKE .EW 9ORK % 3MITH 0ITTSBURGH
&ARRELL .EW 9ORK -C'UIRE 7ASHINGTON 'RIM ,OUISVILLE
:IMMER #LEVELAND "UCKLEY 3T, 0HILADELPHIA -ACK 0ITTSBURGH
2USIE .EW 9ORK 9OUNG #LEVELAND "REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS
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$OYLE .EW 9ORK "ROUTHERS "ALTIMORE "ECKLEY 0ITTSBURGH
" 1UINN 3T ,OUIS -C0HEE #INCINNATI ,OWE "OSTON (ALLMAN 0HILADELPHIA
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* "ANNON "OSTON *IMMY 2YAN #HICAGO $ONOVAN 0ITTSBURGH
(OY #INCINNATI !BBEY 7ASHINGTON 4 "ROWN ,OUISVILLE
!BBEY 7ASHINGTON (AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA 'RIFlN "ROOKLYN
2& * "ANNON "OSTON #ANAVAN #INCINNATI $ONOVAN 0ITTSBURGH #& ,ANGE #HICAGO 4 "ROWN ,OUISVILLE !BBEY 7ASHINGTON 3TENZEL 0ITTSBURGH
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,& 4 -C#ARTHY "OSTON % 3MITH 0ITTSBURGH 4HREE WITH
7ILMOT #HICAGO 4READWAY "ROOKLYN 4 -C#ARTHY "OSTON
$ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA 4 -C#ARTHY "OSTON 4READWAY "ROOKLYN
# :IMMER #LEVELAND 3CHRIVER #HICAGO &ARRELL .EW 9ORK
&ARRELL .EW 9ORK -C'UIRE 7ASHINGTON 3CHRIVER #HICAGO
&ARRELL .EW 9ORK 0EITZ 3T ,OUIS -ACK 0ITTSBURGH
0ASSED "ALL ,EADERS &ARRELL .EW 9ORK -C'UIRE 7ASHINGTON 2OBINSON "ALTIMORE 0 #UPPY #LEVELAND #LARKSON 3T ,OUIS &IVE WITH
2USIE .EW 9ORK +NELL ,OUISVILLE 4HREE WITH
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2USIE .EW 9ORK 9OUNG #LEVELAND -C-AHON "ALTIMORE
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0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! .ASH " ,OWE " "ANNON 2& -C#ARTHY ,& $UFFY #& 4UCKER " ,ONG 33 'ANZEL # 2YAN # .ICHOLS 0 3TIVETTS 0 h ,& #ONNAUGHTON 33 3TALEY 0 4ENNEY # ,OVETT 0 (ODSON 0
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"OSTONS PARK WAS COMPLETELY REBUILT AFTER A lRE DESTROYED THE DOUBLE DECKED STRUCTURE ON -AY THE RECONSTRUCTED PARK KNOWN AS 3OUTH %ND 'ROUNDS )) OPENED ON *ULY AND HAD ONLY ONE DECK SO THAT IT COULD BE INSURED MORE CHEAPLY $URING THE RECONSTRUCTION "OSTON PLAYED ITS HOME GAMES AT #ONGRESS 3TREET 0ARK
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LNF
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!RTHUR )RWIN 0HILADELPHIA "ASE "ALL 'ROUNDS
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#& " " 2& " # ,& " ,& 33 #
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4HE 0HILLIES PARK WAS DESTROYED BY lRE ON !UGUST 4EMPORARY STANDS WERE REOPENED ON !UGUST
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LNH
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LNI
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"#OMISKEY 6AUGHN -OTZ -C#ARTHY 0ARROTT -ASSEY -ERRITT #ANAVAN (OLLIDAY "-C0HEE -ASSEY ,ATHAM #ANAVAN 0ARROTT 333MITH 6AUGHN #ANAVAN $WYER - -URPHY 0ARROTT ",ATHAM -ERRITT #ANAVAN - -URPHY -ASSEY 0ARROTT 7HITROCK /&(OY (OLLIDAY #ANAVAN -C#ARTHY 0ARROTT $WYER 6AUGHN 7HITROCK (OGAN -ERRITT #OMISKEY #- -URPHY 6AUGHN -ERRITT # -URPHY 0$WYER 0ARROTT #HAMBERLAIN &ISHER 7HITROCK #ROSS &OURNIER 4ANNEHILL &LYNN 0FANN "LANK -C'UIRE
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)N THE TEAMS IN THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION HIT A COMPOSITE DOWN POINTS FROM THE PREVIOUS YEAR 4HE PROMINENT DECREASE IS AS DIFlCULT TO FATHOM TODAY AS THE UNPRECEDENTED HIT TING BARRAGE WAS IN ESPECIALLY AFTER OWNERS LIKE #HARLIE "YRNE PLED UNSUCCESSFULLY FOR SUCH RADICAL RULE CHANGES AS THE RETURN TO THE OLD FOOT PITCHING DISTANCE IN A DESPERATE ATTEMPT TO REDUCE HITTING 4HE ONLY CONCESSIONS THE ANTI HITTING SUPPORTERS WON FROM THE RULES COMMITTEE IN WERE A NEW STATUTE ENLARGING THE PITCHERS PLATE OR hRUBBERv TO X INCHES AND AN AP PENDIX TO AN RULE ADDITION THAT NOW CHARGED A STRIKE FOR EVERY FOUL BUNT ATTEMPT REGARDLESS OF ITS INTENT "UT THESE SLIGHT MODIlCATIONS SCARCELY SEEMED REASON TO EXPECT THE SCALE TO BEGIN DISTINCTLY TO TILT THE PITCHERS WAY AGAIN 7HAT WAS ANTICIPATED WAS THAT SEVERAL NEW RULES AUTHORIZING UMPIRES TO IMPOSE lNES ON PLAYERS WHO hKICKEDv UNDULY AT THEIR DECISIONS WOULD CURB ROWDYISM +NOWING HOWEVER THAT INmICTING A MONETARY PENALTY WOULD ONLY HEIGHTEN A POORLY PAID PLAYERS ANIMOSITY MOST UM PIRES BACKED OFF FROM LEVYING lNES 4HE GAME AS A RESULT GREW ALL THE MORE UNRULY IN FORCING RULESMAKERS TO GIVE UMPIRES FREER REIGN THE FOLLOWING YEAR IN EJECTING OFFENDING PLAYERS "UT FOR THE MOMENT THE CHIEF PROMULGATORS OF ROWDYBALL THE "ALTIMORE /RIOLES AND #LEVELAND 3PIDERS CONTINUED TO mOURISH ALTHOUGH THERE WERE OTHER REASONS TOO FOR THEIR SUCCESS )N RE CAPPING THE SEASON 3PALDINGS /FlCIAL "ASE "ALL 'UIDE VENTURED h4HE .EW 9ORK CLUB HAD ABLE PITCHERS THE 0HILADELPHIA CLUB HAD @HEAVY HITTERS BUT THESE COUNTED FOR LITTLE AGAINST THE SUPERIORITY IN TEAM WORK STRENGTH OF THE TEAMS OF THE "ALTIMORE AND #LEVELAND CLUBSv "ALTIMORES LAVISHLY SUCCESSFUL BID FOR A SECOND CONSECUTIVE PENNANT WAS DECIDEDLY A TEAM EF FORT ,UCKY WITH INJURIES THE PREVIOUS YEAR /RIOLES MANAGER .ED (ANLON NEEDED TO CALL ON HIS BENCHWARMERS RELENTLESSLY IN (ANLONS lRST ORDER OF BUSINESS WAS TO lND A NEW HILL LEADER WHEN 3ADIE -C-AHON HIS ACE CONTINUED TO BE PLAGUED BY A MYSTERIOUS ELBOW AILMENT THAT THE .EW 9ORK (ERALD AVERRED HAD BEEN SUFFERED IN A BARROOM FRACAS (ANLON CHOSE "ILL (OFFER A L OJ
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j^[ GNOK XWjj_d] hWY[ 2ECORD KEEPING WAS STILL FAIRLY RUDIMENTARY IN #OMPOUNDING THE PROBLEM FOR OFlCIAL STATISTI CIANS WAS LAX AND IN SOME CITIES WILLFULLY WRONG SCOREKEEPING (ERE IS COMMENTARY ON 7ILLIE +EE LERS MARCH TO THE BATTING CROWN IN h*OHN (EYDLER WHO IS ONE OF THE BEST KNOWN BASEBALL SCRIBES IN THE BUSINESS SAYS EXCEPTION SHOULD BE TAKEN TO THIS OVER GENEROUS SCORING AND THAT +EELERS lGURES OF WILL NOT AGREE WITH ANY PRIVATE ACCOUNTS &RANK (OUSEMAN OF 3T ,OUIS ALSO HAS OBJECTIONS TO "ALTIMORE SCORING METH ODS (E SAYS @$OWN IN "ALTIMORE ONE DAY +EELER SENT TWO mIES TO ,ALLY ;LEFTlELDER $AN ,ALLY OF THE 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS= WHO MUFFED BOTH OF THEM 4HEN HE HIT TO (ARTMAN "ROWNS THIRD BASEMAN &RED (ARTMAN AND THE LATTER FUMBLED AND THEN THREW WILD 4HEN +EELER MADE A GOOD SINGLE 4HE NEXT MORNING FOUR HITS APPEARED TO +EELERS CREDIT IN THE "ALTIMORE PAPERS 4ALK ABOUT #LEVELAND STUFlNG "URKETTS AVERAGE WHY THEY ARE NOT IN IT WITH THE OYSTER SCRIBES OF "ALTIMOREv +EELERS BATTING AVERAGE WAS REDUCED TO WHEN DIFFERENCES WERE LATER DISCOVERED IN HIS HIT AND AT BAT TOTALS *ESSE "URKETT SUFFERED A SIMILAR REDUCTION IN ALBEIT POSTHUMOUSLY .EVERTHELESS SOME HISTORIANS BELIEVE THAT .ATIONAL ,EAGUE PRESIDENT .ICK 9OUNGS STATSBAD MATH AND ALLARE MORE RELIABLE THAN THOSE OF MODERN RESEARCHERS
jef GF ^_jj[hi _d GNOK !S OF
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"URKETT #LEVE
"URKETT #LEVE
$ELAHANTY 0HI
$ELAHANTY 0HI
#LEMENTS 0HI
+EELER "ALT
4HOMPSON 0HI
4HOMPSON 0HI
,ANGE #HICAGO
(AMILTON 0HI
(AMILTON 0HI
#LEMENTS 0HI
*ENNINGS "ALT
,ANGE #HICAGO
+EELER "ALT
*ENNINGS "ALT
3TENZEL 0ITT
3TENZEL 0ITT
-C'RAW "ALT
-C'RAW "ALT
LOK
LOL
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4HE 7ASHINGTON .ATIONALS 4OP 6ARNEY !NDERSON 7IN -ERCER (ENRY +RUMM "ILL (ASSAMAER !L -AUL "ILL *OYCE $EACON -C'UIRE #ENTER #HARLIE !BBEY *AKE "OYD *ACK #ROOKS MANAGER 'US 3CHMELZ %D #ARTWRIGHT /TIS 3TOCKSDALE 0ARSON .ICHOLSON "OTTOM (ERMAN #OLLINS +IP 3ELBACH $AN -AHONEY *OHN -ALARKEY $AN #OOGAN (ENRY +RUMM FOR YEARS WAS MISIDENTIlED AS !L +RUMM A ONE GAME PITCHER WITH 0ITTSBURGH IN BUT (ENRY WOULD HAVE FOUND EVEN !L A PLAYER TO ENVY 4HOUGH A PITCHER OF CONSIDERABLE PROMISE ON THE .ATIONALS FOR PARTS OF TWO SEASONS (ENRY +RUMM WAS NEVER FORTUNATE ENOUGH TO PITCH IN A GAME THAT COUNTED (IS STORY BY THE MID S WAS NOT AN UNUSUAL ONE !LMOST EVERY MAJOR LEAGUE TEAM BY THEN HAD A PITCHER WHO DID LITTLE MORE THAN WORK BATTING PRACTICE lLL A POSI TION IN INTER SQUAD GAMES AND MAYBE GET INTO A FEW EXHIBITION CONTESTS )N 7ASHINGTON ALSO BEGAN THE SEASON WITH A PROMISING MIDDLE INlELDER IN #OLLINS WHO NEVER GOT INTO A GAME BEFORE BEING hFARMEDv TO .ASHUA ALONG WITH +RUMM
LONGTIME MINOR LEAGUER WHO CARRIED A REPUTATION FOR BECOMING EASILY RATTLED WITH MEN ON BASE AND WAS REWARDED WITH THE ONLY WIN SEASON BY A ROOKIE SINCE THE |
DISTANCE WAS ADOPTED !GING lRST SACKER $AN "ROUTHERS VERGING ON WAS (ANLONS NEXT TASK "ROUTHERSS JOB WENT TO ROOKIE 'EORGE #AREY AN IFFY HITTER BUT KNOWN AS h3COOPSv BECAUSE HE WAS DEATH ON ANY THROW EVEN REMOTELY IN THE VICINITY OF THE lRST BASE BAG .O SOONER HAD (ANLON PATCHED UP THAT HOLE THAN SECOND BASEMAN (EINIE 2EITZ BROKE HIS COLLARBONE OPENING A SPOT FOR CONVERTED PITCHER +ID 'LEASON ,ATER CATCHER 7ILBERT 2OBINSON WAS IDLED FOR A LONG STRETCH WHEN HE HAD TO HAVE PART OF A lNGER AMPUTATED AND THIRD SACKER *OHN -C'RAW FELL PREY TO A SIEGE OF MALARIA 4O EACH CHALLENGE (ANLON FOUND AN EFFECTIVE SOLUTION !FTER A ROCKY START "ALTIMORE OCCUPIED ST PLACE ON *ULY TH ALBEIT MERE PERCENTAGE POINTS AHEAD OF 0ITTSBURGH THE EARLY LEADER 4HE RACE WAS SO CLOSE THAT 0HILADELPHIA IN TH PLACE WAS JUST THREE AND A HALF GAMES OUT OF ST #LEVELAND AT HOME MOST OF *ULY WON OF ITS NEXT CON TESTS TO WREST THE LEAD FROM THE /RIOLES BUT (ANLON SPURRED HIS MEN TO A MARK IN !UGUST AND REGAINED THE TOP PERCH &URTHER HELP FOR "ALTIMORE ARRIVED WHEN -C-AHONS ELBOW HEALED
j ^ [ b [ W ] k [ C W i i e Y _ W j _ e d [ h W > GN O H ¤ GO F F ?
IN TIME TO WIN LATE SEASON GAMES AND *OHN #LARKSONS YOUNGER BROTHER $AD A BUST WITH 3T ,OUIS SCRAMBLED TO WINS IN DECISIONS AFTER (ANLON RESCUED HIM FROM THE HAPLESS "ROWNS "Y ,ABOR $AY ALTHOUGH NINE OF THE TEAMS WERE STILL PLAYING BETTER THAN BALL THE RACE HAD NARROWED TO #LEVELAND AND "ALTIMORE 4HE /RIOLES PUT SOME DAYLIGHT BEHIND THEM BY TAK ING TWO OF THREE AT HOME FROM THE 3PIDERS IN THE SECOND WEEK OF 3EPTEMBER BUT THE CHASE WAS NOT OFlCIALLY DECIDED UNTIL "ALTIMORES LAST SERIES OF THE SEASON AGAINST .EW 9ORK $EMORALIZED
j^[ cWdW][h lWd_i^[i )N THE 0HILADELPHIA 0HILLIES SET THE NINETEENTH CENTURY ATTENDANCE RECORD BY ATTRACTING FANS -UCH OF THE 0HILS APPEAL WAS THEIR HEAVY ARTILLERY BUT WHEN THEY AGAIN FAILED TO WIN A PEN NANT DESPITE LEADING THE MAJORS IN BATTING FOR THE THIRD YEAR IN A ROW MANAGER !RTHUR )RWIN WAS CANNED 5NFAZED HE MOVED ON TO PILOTING THE .EW 9ORK 'IANTS FOR A WHILE AND THEN TO MANAGING IN THE MINORS WHILE PROMOTING BOXING MATCHES ROLLER HOCKEY GAMES AND MARATHON BIKE RACES (E ALSO INVENTED AN EARLY DAY FOOTBALL SCOREBOARD THAT MADE HIM lNANCIALLY SECURE FOR LIFE BOUGHT AND SOLD SEVERAL MINOR LEAGUE TEAMS AND LATER SERVED AS THE .EW 9ORK 9ANKEES HEAD SCOUT )RWIN LIKED TO THINK OF HIMSELF AS AN ORIGINAL )N ADDITION TO HIS FOOTBALL SCOREBOARD HE CLAIMED HE INVENTED THE lRST lELDERS MITT TOOK PART IN THE lRST SQUEEZE PLAY WAS THE lRST FULL TIME COLLEGE BASEBALL COACH AND ORGANIZED THE lRST PRO FOOTBALL TEAM 4HERE IS EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT EACH OF THESE CLAIMS )N ANY CASE )RWIN WAS A WEALTHY MAN BY 4HEN HE BEGAN TELLING PEOPLE HE WAS DYING OF STOMACH CANCER ALTHOUGH THE DOCTOR WHO GAVE HIM THIS DIRE NEWS WAS NEVER FOUND AND BOOKED PASSAGE ON THE STEAMER #ALVIN !USTIN BOUND FOR HIS "OSTON HOME FROM .EW 9ORK ON THE NIGHT OF *ULY 7HEN THE SHIP DOCKED IN "OSTON THE NEXT MORNING )RWIN WAS NO LONGER ABOARD 4HE PRESUMP TION WAS THAT HE HAD COMMITTED SUICIDE BY JUMPING INTO THE !TLANTIC BUT TWO QUESTIONS HAUNTED HIS WIFE AND SON !RTHUR (ERBERT 7HAT BECAME OF THE )RWIN HAD WITHDRAWN FROM A BANK BEFORE LEAVING .EW 9ORK AND WHY DID HE A FAULTLESS DRESSER WEAR A BAGGY ILL lTTING SUIT ON HIS LAST NIGHT THAT WAS THE ONLY THING FOUND IN HIS STATEROOM ON THE #ALVIN !USTIN !FTER GOING TO (ARTFORD TO SETTLE HIS FATHERS ESTATE !RTHUR (ERBERT MADE AN UNPLEASANT DISCOV ERY (IS FATHER HAD ANOTHER WIFE AND SON IN .EW 9ORK &URTHER INVESTIGATION UNEARTHED THAT )RWIN HAD TAKEN BOTH WOMEN ON ROAD TRIPS AT DIFFERENT TIMES WHILE MANAGING IN THE MINOR LEAGUES %VEN IN THE FACE OF THIS CLEAR EVIDENCE THAT )RWIN WAS LEADING A DOUBLE LIFE HIS "OSTON FAMILY CONTINUED TO BELIEVE HIS DEATH WAS A SUICIDE BUT MANY OTHER PEOPLE BELIEVED HE WAS MURDERED FOR THE AND HIS BODY THROWN OVERBOARD NEVER TO BE FOUND 4HERE OF COURSE IS ANOTHER POSSIBLE EXPLANATION FOR )RWINS ABRUPT DISAPPEARANCE 4HE "ASEBALL (ALL OF &AME IN #OOPERSTOWN HAS A LETTER WRITTEN IN BY A PITCHER WHO KNEW )RWIN (IS LETTER QUERIED h(OW CAN !RTHUR )RWIN BE DEAD ) JUST SAW HIM IN /KLAHOMAv
LOM
LON
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jec Xhemd W]W_d !FTER SETTING THE NINETEENTH CENTURY MAJOR LEAGUE RECORD THE PREVIOUS YEAR FOR THE LOWEST BATTING AVERAGE BY AN OUTlELDER IN OR MORE AT BATS IN 4OM "ROWN HIT TO HEAD THE LIST FOR THE LOWEST BATTING AVERAGE OF ANY REGULAR THAT SEASON WITH OR MORE AT BATS "ROWN LOST HIS CHANCE TO REPEAT HIS DUBIOUS ACHIEVEMENT WHEN HE BATTED IN POINTS BET TER THAN $ANNY 2ICHARDSONS (OWEVER "ROWN GOT BACK IN THE GROOVE IN BY HITTING TO BEAT OUT 3HORTY &ULLER BY TWO POINTS FOR THE HONOR OF HAVING THE LOWEST BATTING AVERAGE OF ANY MAJOR LEAGUE REGULAR )T WAS "ROWNS LAST NOTEWORTHY DUBIOUS ACHIEVEMENT (IS TEAM SUDDENLY IM PROVED AND PREDICTABLY SO DID HE 0LAYING FOR 7ASHINGTONS TWO BEST MAJOR LEAGUE CLUBS IN THE LAST CENTURY "ROWN CLOSED OUT HIS CAREER AS A REGULAR WITH TWO STRAIGHT SEASONS IN AND
BY HAVING SLIPPED TO TH AFTER lNISHING ND IN THE 'IANTS MOUNTED LITTLE RESISTANCE (OFFER WON THE PENNANT CLINCHING GAME ON 3EPTEMBER AND IN THE SEASON lNALE -C'RAW HOMERED TO BEAT !MOS 2USIE ENABLING THE /RI OLES TO lNISH THREE GAMES AHEAD OF #LEVELAND 4WO AFTERNOONS LATER "ALTIMORE APPEARED AT #LEVELANDS ,EAGUE 0ARK FOR THE OPENING GAME OF THE SECOND 4EMPLE #UP SERIES (AVING LITTLE APPETITE FOR THE AFFAIR ANYWAY THE /RIOLES LOST ALL STOMACH FOR IT WHEN THEY FOUND THEMSELVES FAC ING A HOSTILE CROWD THAT PELTED THEM WITH ROTTING FRUIT AND SUNDRY OTHER ITEMS OF TRASH AND DEBRIS -C-AHON PUT UP A STIFF BATTLE BEFORE LOSING THE ,AVE #ROSSS FULL BIRTH NAME UNTIL WAS LISTED IN REFERENCE WORKS AS ,AFAYETTE lRST GAME TO #Y 9OUNG BUT THE 3PIDERS THEN .APOLEON #ROSS EVEN THOUGH HISTORIAN $ICK 4HOMPSON CONTENDED FOR YEARS THAT HAD IT ALL THEIR OWN WAY IN #LEVELAND "Y THE #ROSS HAD MADE THE BASEBALL WORLD THE VICTIM OF A GIGANTIC HOAX 4HOMPSON TURNS OUT TO HAVE BEEN RIGHT )N CHAMPION RESEARCHER 2ICHARD -ALATZKY TIME THE SERIES MOVED TO "ALTIMORE ON /CTOBER ASCERTAINED THAT #ROSSS TRUE BIRTH NAME WAS A MUCH LESS ORNATE 2ATISLAV +RIS 7HAT NAME WOULD THE (ALL OF &AME PUT ON HIS PLAQUE IF HE WERE ELECTED 7E WILL THE /RIOLES WERE DOWN "UOYED BY A HOME NEVER lND OUT #ROSS HAS NEVER BEEN A VIABLE CANDIDATE EVEN THOUGH HIS CAREER STATS RANK HIM TH IN HITS TH IN BOTH RUNS CREATED AND 2") AND TH IN RUNS AMONG CROWD JUST AS OBSTREPEROUS AS #LEVELANDS $UKE ALL THIRD BASEMEN .OTE THAT #ROSS DESPITE BEING A THIRD BASEMAN IS WEARING A CATCHERS MITT %SPER STAVED OFF ELIMINATION AND GAVE "ALTIMORE ITS lRST 4EMPLE #UP VICTORY IN EIGHT TRIES BY BLANKING .IG #UPPY 4HE NEXT DAY THOUGH 9OUNG BEAT (OFFER TO HAND #LEVELAND TEMPORARY POSSESSION OF THE CUP FOR THE NEXT YEAR
j ^ [ b [ W ] k [ C W i i e Y _ W j _ e d [ h W > GN O H ¤ GO F F ?
!FTER THEIR lNAL GAME VICTORY THE 3PIDERS mED "ALTIMORES 5NION 0ARK BEHIND A POLICE WALL RICHER PER MAN THOUGH AGAIN THERE WERE RUMORS OF A PREARRANGED SPLIT 5PON RE TURNING FROM "ALTIMORE THE VICTORS WERE GIVEN A BANQUET BY THE #LEVELAND %LKS #LUB 3ET AT EACH TABLE WAS A FOUR FOOT SQUARE DESIGN OF A BASEBALL DIAMOND WITH A SPIDER ON EACH BASE A SPIDER AT THE PITCHERS MOUND AND AN OPEN OYSTER MIDWAY BETWEEN HOME AND lRST REPRESENTING THE CITY OF "ALTIMORE WITH FOUR SPIDERS SWARMING OVER IT AND GOBBLING IT UP "UT ONCE AGAIN ONLY IN THE VICTORIOUS CITY WAS POSSESSION OF THE 4EMPLE #UP TAKEN SERIOUSLY %VERYWHERE ELSE THE POSTSEASON SERIES HAD BEGUN TO BE VIEWED AS AN ARTIlCIAL EFFORT TO KINDLE FAN INTEREST IN A TEAM BATTLE THAT INEVITABLY WINNOWED DOWN TO JUST TWO OR THREE TEAMS BY !UGUST 4OO THE 4EMPLE #UP CONTINUED TO SEEM ANTICLIMACTIC AFTER A CLOSE PENNANT RACE AS IN AND THE PENNANT WINNER ENTERED THE SERIES WITH NOTHING TO GAIN AND EVERYTHING TO LOSE !LTERNATIVES TO THE 4EMPLE #UP WERE PROPOSED BUT THE MOST LOGICAL SOLUTION STRANGELY WAS NEVER GIVEN MORE THAN TOKEN CONSIDERATION 4HE TEAMS COULD HAVE BEEN SPLIT INTO TWO DIVI SIONS %AST AND 7EST WHICH WOULD HAVE SAVED TRAVEL COSTS HEIGHTENED GEOGRAPHIC RIVALRIES AND CREATED TWO BONA lDE QUALIlERS FOR A POSTSEASON SERIES
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4(% 3%!3/.!, 2%#/2$ ' 7 , 0CT ( 2 '" !TTENDANCE "ALTIMORE /RIOLES #LEVELAND 3PIDERS 0HILADELPHIA 0HILLIES #HICAGO #OLTS "OSTON "EANEATERS "ROOKLYN "RIDEGROOMS 0ITTSBURGH 0IRATES #INCINNATI 2EDS .EW 9ORK 'IANTS 7ASHINGTON .ATIONALS 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS ,OUISVILLE #OLONELS
"AL #LE 0HI #HI "OS "RO 0IT #IN .9 7AS 3T, ,OU 4OT "ALTIMORE #LEVELAND 0HILADELPHIA #HICAGO "OSTON "ROOKLYN 0ITTSBURGH #INCINNATI .EW 9ORK 7ASHINGTON 3T ,OUIS ,OUISVILLE
3%!3/. ,%!$%23 "ATTING !VERAGE !"S
3LUGGING !VERAGE
"URKETT #LEVELAND $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA 4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA ,ANGE #HICAGO (AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA
4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA ,ANGE #HICAGO +ELLEY "ALTIMORE 3TENZEL 0ITTSBURGH
$ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA (AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA "URKETT #LEVELAND -C'RAW "ALTIMORE ,ANGE #HICAGO
4OTAL "ASES
(OME 2UNS
2")
4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA *OYCE 7ASHINGTON #LEMENTS 0HILADELPHIA $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA &IVE WITH
4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA +ELLEY "ALTIMORE "RODIE "ALTIMORE *ENNINGS "ALTIMORE -C+EAN #LEVELAND
4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA "URKETT #LEVELAND -C+EAN #LEVELAND +ELLEY "ALTIMORE (ITS
"URKETT #LEVELAND +EELER "ALTIMORE 4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA *ENNINGS "ALTIMORE (AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA
/N "ASE 0ERCENTAGE
2UNS
"ASES ON "ALLS
(AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA +EELER "ALTIMORE *ENNINGS "ALTIMORE "URKETT #LEVELAND $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA
*OYCE 7ASHINGTON (AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA 'RIFlN "ROOKLYN $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA +ELLEY "ALTIMORE
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3TOLEN "ASES
3TRIKEOUTS
(AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA ,ANGE #HICAGO -C'RAW "ALTIMORE +ELLEY "ALTIMORE *ENNINGS "ALTIMORE 3TENZEL 0ITTSBURGH
4 "ROWN 3T ,OUIS 7ASH *OYCE 7ASHINGTON $ALY "ROOKLYN $AHLEN #HICAGO ,A#HANCE "ROOKLYN
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*ENNINGS "ALTIMORE 'ENINS 0ITTSBURGH ,ONG "OSTON +EELER "ALTIMORE "OYLE 0HILADELPHIA
$ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA 4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA ,ANGE #HICAGO +ELLEY "ALTIMORE "URKETT #LEVELAND
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)NNINGS (AWLEY 0ITTSBURGH "REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS 2USIE .EW 9ORK .ICHOLS "OSTON 9OUNG #LEVELAND
0)4#().' 7INS 9OUNG #LEVELAND (OFFER "ALTIMORE (AWLEY 0ITTSBURGH &OUR WITH
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#OMPLETE 'AMES
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7INNING 0ERCENTAGE DECISIONS
"REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS (AWLEY 0ITTSBURGH .ICHOLS "OSTON 2USIE .EW 9ORK 'RIFlTH #HICAGO
2USIE .EW 9ORK .ICHOLS "OSTON (AWLEY 0ITTSBURGH "REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS 9OUNG #LEVELAND
(OFFER "ALTIMORE 9OUNG #LEVELAND 2HINES #INCINNATI #UPPY #LEVELAND 'RIFlTH #HICAGO 4AYLOR 0HILADELPHIA
%2! INNINGS
,OWEST //"0
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-AUL 7ASHINGTON (AWLEY 0ITTSBURGH (OFFER "ALTIMORE " &OREMAN 0ITTSBURGH 9OUNG #LEVELAND
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" &OREMAN 0ITTSBURGH (OFFER "ALTIMORE 2USIE .EW 9ORK 9OUNG #LEVELAND -AUL 7ASHINGTON
!SSISTS
&IELDING !VERAGE
&)%,$).' 0UTOUTS " "ECKLEY 0ITTSBURGH ,A#HANCE "ROOKLYN "OYLE 0HILADELPHIA " 1UINN 3T ,OUIS -C0HEE #INCINNATI #HILDS #LEVELAND
#ARTWRIGHT 7ASHINGTON 4UCKER "OSTON %WING #LEVELAND
#AREY "ALTIMORE #ONNOR 3T ,OUIS !NSON #HICAGO
"IERBAUER 0ITTSBURGH * /"RIEN ,OUISVILLE #HILDS #LEVELAND
#ROOKS 7ASHINGTON -C0HEE #INCINNATI ,OWE "OSTON
" .ASH "OSTON , #ROSS 0HILADELPHIA *OYCE 7ASHINGTON
, #ROSS 0HILADELPHIA %VERETT #HICAGO 3HINDLE "ROOKLYN
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33 *ENNINGS "ALTIMORE #ORCORAN "ROOKLYN $AHLEN #HICAGO
$AHLEN #HICAGO &ULLER .EW 9ORK #ORCORAN "ROOKLYN
*ENNINGS "ALTIMORE %LY 3T ,OUIS #ORCORAN "ROOKLYN
2& +EELER "ALTIMORE $USTY -ILLER #INCINNATI $OWD 3T ,OUIS
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#& 'RIFlN "ROOKLYN -C!LEER #LEVELAND $UFFY "OSTON
!BBEY 7ASHINGTON 6AN (ALTREN .EW 9ORK ,ANGE #HICAGO
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,& & #LARKE ,OUISVILLE #OOLEY 3T ,OUIS 3ELBACH 7ASHINGTON
3ELBACH 7ASHINGTON +ELLEY "ALTIMORE & #LARKE ,OUISVILLE
+ELLEY "ALTIMORE $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA #OOLEY 3T ,OUIS
# -C'UIRE 7ASHINGTON 'ANZEL "OSTON :IMMER #LEVELAND
-C'UIRE 7ASHINGTON 'RIM "ROOKLYN 0EITZ 3T ,OUIS
2OBINSON "ALTIMORE :IMMER #LEVELAND #LEMENTS 0HILADELPHIA
0 "REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS #UPPY #LEVELAND 4 0ARROTT #INCINNATI
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$OUBLE 0LAYS
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" 1UINN 3T ,OUIS -C0HEE #INCINNATI (ALLMAN 0HILADELPHIA
#HILDS #LEVELAND 3TAFFORD .EW 9ORK 3TEWART #HICAGO
#HILDS #LEVELAND -C0HEE #INCINNATI ,OWE "OSTON
" .ASH "OSTON , #ROSS 0HILADELPHIA -C'RAW "ALTIMORE
*OYCE 7ASHINGTON %VERETT #HICAGO .ASH "OSTON
, #ROSS 0HILADELPHIA #LINGMAN 0ITTSBURGH -C'RAW "ALTIMORE
33 *ENNINGS "ALTIMORE $AHLEN #HICAGO &ULLER .EW 9ORK
$AHLEN #HICAGO ,ONG "OSTON - #ROSS 0ITTSBURGH
*ENNINGS ,OUISVILLE $AHLEN #HICAGO &ULLER .EW 9ORK
2& $USTY -ILLER #INCINNATI *IMMY 2YAN #HICAGO +EELER "ALTIMORE
* "ANNON "OSTON $USTY -ILLER #INCINNATI $OWD 3T ,OUIS
* "ANNON "OSTON $USTY -ILLER #INCINNATI $OWD 3T ,OUIS
#& 'RIFlN "ROOKLYN !BBEY 7ASHINGTON $UFFY "OSTON
!BBEY 7ASHINGTON (AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA 3TENZEL 0ITTSBURGH
'RIFlN "ROOKLYN -C!LEER #LEVELAND (AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA
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$OUBLE 0LAYS
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,& (OY #INCINNATI +ELLEY "ALTIMORE 7ILMOT #HICAGO
& #LARKE ,OUISVILLE "URKETT #LEVELAND (OY #INCINNATI
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# -C'UIRE 7ASHINGTON &ARRELL .EW 9ORK &OUR WITH
-C'UIRE 7ASHINGTON $ONAHUE #HICAGO 3UGDEN 0ITTSBURGH
'ANZEL "OSTON 0EITZ 3T ,OUIS :IMMER #LEVELAND
0ASSED "ALL ,EADERS -C'UIRE 7ASHINGTON 2YAN "OSTON -ERRITT "OSTON 0ITT #INCI 0 $WYER #INCINNATI $ #LARKE .EW 9ORK 'ERMAN .EW 9ORK
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%FFECTIVE IN THE HEAD UMPIRE RATHER THAN THE HOME TEAM CAPTAIN HAD THE lNAL DECISION WHEN AND IF TO RESUME PLAY FOLLOWING A RAIN DELAY 4HAT SAME YEAR RULES WERE INITIATED REQUIR ING THE HOME TEAM TO HAVE AT LEAST A DOZEN NEW BALLS ON HAND FOR EACH SCHEDULED CONTEST AND PERMITTING ONLY PLAYERS IN UNIFORM THE MANAGER AND THE CLUB PRESIDENT TO OCCUPY THEIR TEAMS BENCH DURING THE COURSE OF A GAME /THERWISE THE SEASON BROUGHT REMARKABLY FEW CHANGES 9ET BATTING MARKS CONTINUED TO PLUMMET DROPPING ANOTHER SIX POINTS PER PLAYER AND THE AVER AGE PITCHERS %2! FELL FROM TO 3O ACUTELY HAD THE SCALE AGAIN BEGUN TO TIP TOWARD THE DEFENSIVE SIDE OF THE LEDGER THAT THE 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS LOOP WORST %2! IN OF WAS JUST RUNS ABOVE THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION AVERAGE TWO YEARS EARLIER 4HE PITCHING RESURGENCE FOR A SHORT TIME SEEMED AS IF IT MIGHT HALT THE "ALTIMORE /RIOLES PENNANT SKEIN !T THE END OF THE lRST MONTH OF THE SEASON THE STANDINGS LOOKED AS IF THEY HAD BEEN PRINTED UPSIDE DOWN +INGPIN "ALTIMORE SAT IN TH PLACE AND #LEVELAND THE RUNNER UP WAS ANCHORED IN THE TH BERTH WHILE THE 0ITTSBURGH 0IRATES IN THEIR SECOND FULL SEASON WITH CATCHER MANAGER #ONNIE -ACK AT THEIR HELM RULED THE HARBOR AFTER AN !PRIL "UT APART FROM 0INK (AWLEY AND &RANK +ILLEN WHO IN BECAME THE LAST .ATIONAL ,EAGUE SOUTHPAW TO WIN GAMES 0ITTSBURGH HAD NO PITCHERS OF CONSEQUENCE #LEVELAND AFTER SIGNING :EKE 7ILSON WHEN "OSTON WAIVED THE RIGHTS TO HIM HAD A SOLID THIRD STARTER BEHIND #Y 9OUNG AND .IG #UPPY AND BEGAN TO COME ON STRONG IN -AY "ALTIMORE LIKEWISE REVERTED TO FORM WHEN ROOKIE RIGHT HANDER !RLIE 0OND SHOWED EVIDENCE OF COMPENSATING FOR 3ADIE -C-AHONS CHRONIC SORE ELBOW AND ERRATIC WORK FROM 'EORGE (EMMING AND $UKE %SPER &OLLOWING ON THE HEELS OF "ILL (OFFER 0OND GAVE .ED (ANLON HIS SECOND OUTSTANDING YEARLING HURLER IN TWO SEASONS BUT THE /RIOLES PILOT WAS STILL NOT WITHOUT PROBLEMS !LTHOUGH (EINIE 2EITZ WAS MENDED FROM HIS FRACTURED COLLARBONE FREEING THE /RIOLES TO SWAP INTERIM SECOND BASEMAN +ID 'LEASON TO .EW 9ORK FOR lRST SACKER *ACK $OYLE A HOLE SUDDENLY OPENED AT THIRD BASE AFTER TYPHOID FEVER DOWNED *OHN -C'RAW DURING SPRING TRAINING !S A TEMPORARY MEASURE (ANLON TURNED TO *IM
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iWZ if_Z[hi 4HERE ARE ONLY FOUR MIDDLE INlELDERS IN MAJOR LEAGUE HISTORY WHO ARE NOT IN THE (ALL OF &AME DESPITE COMPILING CAREER BATTING AVERAGES WHILE ACHIEVING MORE THAN HITS AND TWO OF THEM PLAYED SIDE BY SIDE FOR THE #LEVELAND 3PIDERS IN THE S %VEN ALLOWING FOR THE FACT THAT BATTING MARKS IN THE MID S ARE SOMEWHAT SPURIOUS #UPID #HILDS AND %D -C+EAN ARE STILL WORTHY CANDI DATES 4HEY HAVE NEVER BEEN SERIOUS (ALL OF &AME CANDIDATES FOR ONE REASON #LEVELAND NEVER WON A PENNANT WITH THEM AND MOST AUTHORITIES DISCOUNT THE 3PIDERS 4EMPLE #UP TRIUMPH IN 4HERE ARE A NUMBER OF EXPLANATIONS FOR #LEVELANDS FAILURE TO BEAT OUT "OSTON OR "ALTIMORE AT LEAST ONCE IN THE S BUT ONE STANDS OUT ABOVE ALL OTHERS *ESSE "URKETT WAS AMONG THE TOP HITTING OUTlELD ERS OF HIS DAY THE OTHER TWO MEN #LEVELAND HAD OUT THERE WITH HIM MOST OF THE TIME WERE COLOSSAL OFFENSIVE LIABILITIES 4HE EVIDENCE OF THEIR INADEQUACY IS OVERPOWERING "ETWEEN THE YEAR THE PITCHING DISTANCE WAS INCREASED AND THE END OF THE CENTURY THE THREE MEN WHO SAW THE MOST OUT lELD DUTY IN #LEVELAND LIVERY WERE "URKETT (ARRY "LAKE AND *IMMY -C!LEER "URKETT HAD THE THIRD HIGHEST "! OF ANY PLAYER DURING THAT PERIOD WHO COLLECTED AT LEAST AT BATS (IS MARK FOR THE EIGHT SEASONS BETWEEN AND TRAILS ONLY 7ILLIE +EELERS AND %D $ELAHANTYS "LAKE AND -C!LEER ARE LEADING MEMBERS OF THE EXACT OPPOSITE LIST
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"ROWN AND (ARLEY HAD SOME EXCUSE 4HEY PLAYED MOST OF THE TIME WITH ROTTEN TEAMS "LAKE AND -C!LEER HAD NO EXCUSE 4HEY WERE POOR HITTERS WHO WOULD HAVE POSTED SOME OF THE LOWEST OUTlELD BATTING AVERAGES IN HISTORY IF THEY HAD PLAYED TEN YEARS EARLIER OR TEN YEARS LATER #LEVELAND HAD NO EXCUSE EITHER -C!LEER AND "LAKE ONE OR THE OTHER ARGUABLY COULD HAVE BEEN CARRIED FOR HIS DEFENSE BUT NOT BOTH 4HE MINOR LEAGUES IN THE MID S WERE LADEN WITH OUTlELDERS WHO WOULD HAVE BEEN AN IMPROVEMENT ON -C!LEER AND "LAKE .OT TO HAVE LANDED A COUPLE OF THEM COST THE 3PIDERS A PEN NANT OR TWO AND COST EITHER #HILDS OR -C+EANOR POSSIBLY BOTHA SPOT IN #OOPERSTOWN
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$ONNELLY A MINOR LEAGUER SINCE AFTER HE HIT FOR LAST PLACE 7ASHINGTON 'IVEN NEW LIFE $ONNELLY BLOSSOMED BATTING TO MATCH EXACTLY THE /RIOLES LOOP LEADING TEAM AVERAGE 3TILL "ALTIMORE COULD NOT SHED #LEVELAND )N ADDITION THE TWO PRESEASON FAVORITES WERE RE CEIVING A SURPRISINGLY STIFF CHALLENGE FROM THE #INCINNATI 2EDS "ARELY A TEAM IN THE 2EDS WERE PILOTED BY LOCAL FAVORITE "UCK %WING NOW NEARLY THROUGH AS A PLAYER BUT STILL EFFECTIVE AT INDUCING SOLID FUNDAMENTAL PLAY FROM HIS MOSTLY VETERAN CAST 7ITH "ID -C0HEE AT SECOND BASE WIDE RANGING 'ERMANY 3MITH AT SHORT AND $UMMY (OY IN CENTER lELD %WINGS TEAM WAS PARTICULARLY STRONG UP THE MIDDLE AS THE lELDING STATS REmECTED -C0HEE IN THE lRST FULL SEASON HE WORE A GLOVE SET A NEW lELDING AVERAGE RECORD FOR SECOND BASEMEN AND THE 2EDS BECAME THE lRST TEAM IN MAJOR LEAGUE HISTORY TO AVERAGE FEWER THAN TWO ERRORS A GAME !T THE END OF *ULY #INCINNATI SAT ATOP THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION THRONE AT TWO GAMES UP ON "AL TIMORE AND THREE AHEAD OF #LEVELAND 4WO !CHILLES HEELS THEN OVERTURNED THE 2EDS #ONlDENT THAT THEY WERE ON THEIR WAY TO THE 4EMPLE #UP SERIES THE 2EDS PLAYERS WERE GUILTY OF A CARDINAL BASEBALL SIN VOTING HOW TO DIVIDE THEIR PLAYER SHARES BEFORE THEY EARNED THEM #INCINNATIS SECOND PITFALL WAS THE LONG STANDING GRUDGE THAT MOST VETERAN PLAYERS AROUND THE LOOP BORE TOWARD %WING STEMMING FROM THE MANNER IN WHICH THEY BELIEVED HE HAD SOLD OUT THE "ROTH ERHOOD IN 0ROBABLY THE LEAST POPULAR STAR OF HIS DAY WITH FELLOW PLAYERS %WING SAW HIS CHARGES WIN JUST OF GAMES IN THE LAST TWO MONTHS OF THE SEASON WHEN THEY CAME UP AGAINST TEAM AFTER TEAM THAT WAS ITSELF OUT OF CONTENTION BUT STILL PLAYED EXTRA HARD IN ITS DETERMINATION NOT TO SEE ANY CREW OF %WINGS GET 4EMPLE #UP MONEY ! RUN IN !UGUST ENABLED "ALTIMORE TO OPEN UP A lVE AND A HALF GAME BULGE ON #INCINNATI 4HE /RIOLES MOVED OUT OF REACH BY SWEEPING A ,ABOR $AY TRIPLEHEADER FROM LAST PLACE ,OUISVILLE AND THEN TAKING A TWIN BILL FROM THE #OLONELS THE FOLLOWING DAY /N 3EPTEMBER THE 3PIDERS AFTER NIPPING AT #INCINNATIS HEELS FOR MOST OF THE MONTH lNALLY PASSED THEIR INTERSTATE RIVALS AND GAINED THE RIGHT TO OPPOSE #UPID #HILDS WAS THE BEST SECOND BASEMAN IN THE GAME FROM THROUGH (IS KEYSTONE PARTNER %D -C+EAN WAS JUST ABOUT THE BEST SHORTSTOP DURING THAT SAME "ALTIMORE IN THE 4EMPLE #UP SERIES EIGHT YEAR PERIOD 4HE !!S LEADING ROOKIE IN WITH 3YRACUSE #HILDS WAS SOLD TO THE "OSTON 2EDS AFTER 3YRACUSE FOLDED BUT WAS THEN TRADED TO #LEVELAND FOR 0AUL 2ADFORD AND #UB 3TRICKER BEFORE THE SEASON BEGAN #HILDS COULD HAVE GONE TO "ALTIMORE INSTEAD OF #LEVELAND BUT HE CHOSE NOT TO PLAY IN HIS HOMETOWN (AD #HILDS REMAINED WITH "OSTON HE WOULD HAVE BEEN ON THE !!S lNAL PENNANT WINNER )F HE HAD BEEN WILLING TO PLAY IN HIS HOMETOWN HE ALMOST CERTAINLY WOULD HAVE BEEN ON THREE FUTURE PENNANT WINNERS AND MAYBE MORE 3TUCK ON #LEVELAND ALONG WITH -C+EAN #HILDS NEVER GOT TO PLAY ON A PENNANT WINNER )RONICALLY THE ONLY OTHER TWO MIDDLE INlELDERS WHO HAD CAREER "!S WITH AT LEAST HITS BUT FAILED TO MAKE THE (ALL OF &AME WERE #ECIL 4RAVIS AND "UDDY -YER WHO ALSO WERE KEYSTONE PART NERS WITH 7ASHINGTON IN THE S
&OR THE SECOND YEAR IN A ROW #LEVELANDS *ESSE "URKETT PACED THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION IN BATTING AND HITS "URKETT ALSO LED IN TOTAL BASES BUT MOST OF THE OTHER OFFENSIVE HONORS
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WENT TO %D $ELAHANTY OF 0HILADELPHIA $ELAHANTYS DAY AGAINST "ILL 4ERRY OF #HICAGO ON *ULY TYPIlED THE 0HILLIES DISAPPOINTING YEAR WHEN HE BECAME THE ONLY SLUGGER PRIOR TO TO HIT FOUR HOME RUNS IN A LOSING CAUSE ! PRESEASON TRADE THAT BROUGHT "ILLY .ASH FROM "OSTON FOR "ILLY (AMILTON PROVED PARTICULARLY COSTLY FOR THE 0HILS WHEN .ASH PLAGUED BY AN EARLY SEASON BEANING AND HIS DUAL RESPONSIBILITIES AS THE CLUBS MANAGER AND THIRD BASEMAN HIT JUST WHILE (AMILTON WAS HITTING POINTS HIGHER TOPPING THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION IN WALKS AND SCORING RUNS .OR DID IT HELP THE 0HILS PACIFY THEIR FANS WHEN THEY WENT FOR THE SEASON AGAINST THE /RIOLES AND lNISHED TH 0HILADELPHIAS SLIDE RESULTED IN A DROP OF MORE THAN IN ATTENDANCE BUT THE 0HILS STILL DREW ALMOST TREBLE THE NUMBER OF CUSTOMERS ,OUISVILLE DID (APLESS AS THE #OLONELS WERE THOUGH THEY PRODUCED THREE OF THE YEARS MOST EXCITING NEWCOMERS AS FRESHMAN lREBALLERS #HICK &RASER AND h3TILL "ILLv (ILL lNISHED IN THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION IN WALKS AND 4OM -C#REERY IN HIS lRST FULL SEASON FELL JUST FOUR
\Wceki \_hiji l___ )N $EACON -C'UIRE OF 7ASHINGTON BECAME THE lRST CATCHER IN THE POST ERA TO LEAD HIS TEAM IN HITTING AS WELL AS THE LAST CATCHER UNTIL TO LEAD HIS TEAM IN AT BATS !NOTHER REMARK ABLY UNDERPUBLICIZED CATCHING lRST OCCURRED IN 4HAT YEAR FOR THE lRST TIME EVER A YEAR OLD MAN CAUGHT AS MANY AS GAMES IN A MAJOR LEAGUE SEASON )T WAS NOT DONE BY -C'UIRE THOUGH HE WOULD LATER BECOME THE lRST TO CATCH AS MANY AS GAMES AFTER AGE )T WAS DONE BY NONE OTHER THAN THE PLAYER MANAGER OF THE #HICAGO #OLTS ONE #AP !NSON ! LIST OF SOME OTHER SIGNIlCANT CATCHING lRSTS &IRST ROOKIE REGULAR CATCHER ON A PENNANT WINNER-IKE (INES "OSTON ., &IRST POST CATCHER TO LEAD HIS TEAM IN BATTING#AL -C6EY #INCINNATI ., *OHN #LAPP 3T ,OUIS ., &IRST CATCHER TO LEAD A MAJOR LEAGUE IN HOME RUNS"UCK %WING .EW 9ORK ., &IRST TO CATCH OR MORE GAMES IN A SEASON$OC "USHONG 3T ,OUIS !! &IRST TO CATCH OR MORE GAMES AND COLLECT OR MORE HITS IN THE SAME SEASON#ONNIE -ACK "UFFALO 0, AND *ACK /#ONNOR #OLUMBUS !! &IRST TO CATCH OR MORE GAMES IN A SEASON FOR A .ATIONAL ,EAGUE TEAM#HIEF :IMMER #LEVE LAND &IRST LEFT HANDER TO CATCH OR MORE GAMES IN A SEASON*ACK #LEMENTS 0HILADELPHIA ., &IRST TO CATCH OR MORE GAMES AND BAT IN THE SAME SEASON*ACK /#ONNOR #OLUMBUS !! &IRST CATCHER TO LEAD HIS TEAM IN STOLEN BASES-IKE +ELLY "OSTON .,
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"ILLY .ASH HAS THE HIGHEST CAREER "! OF ANY PLAYER WHO SPENT AT LEAST YEARS IN THE MAJORS AND NEVER HIT !N EXCELLENT CASE CAN BE MADE THAT HE AND NOT &RANK 3ELEE WAS THE REAL MANAGER OF "OSTONS GREAT TEAMS IN THE EARLY S &IELD CAPTAIN IN ANY EVENT .ASH LOST HIS JOB TO (UGH $UFFY AFTER THE SEASON WHEN THE "EANEATERS WERE PLAGUED BY INTERNAL STRIFE AND OWNER !RTHUR 3ODEN DECIDED TO GIVE 3ELEE A STRONGER HAND IN RUNNING THE TEAM )N .OVEMBER .ASH WAS TRADED TO 0HILADELPHIA STRAIGHT UP FOR "ILLY (AMILTON 4HE 0HILS TRULY BELIEVED THEY HAD GOTTEN THE BETTER OF THE DEAL IN THAT THEY ACQUIRED A NEW MANAGER ALONG WITH THE BEST THIRD BASEMAN IN THE ,! BUT IT PROVED TO BE ONE OF THE WORST TRADES OF THE DECADE !FTER SUFFERING A RASH OF MINOR INJURIES .ASH WAS BEANED ON -AY BY ,OUISVILLES 4OM 3MITH 2EPORTS DIFFER AS TO THE SEVERITY OF HIS INJURY(ENRY #HADWICK CALLED IT hA NEAR DEATH BLOWvBUT OBSERVERS ALL AGREED THAT HE WAS NEVER THE SAME PLAYER (AMILTON MEANWHILE HIT IN AND FOLLOWED BY SPARKING "OSTON TO TWO STRAIGHT PENNANTS
POINTS SHY OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY .ATIONAL ,EAGUE RECORD FOR THE HIGHEST BATTING AVERAGE BY A SWITCH HITTING BATTING TITLE QUALIlER WHEN HE RAPPED "ROOKLYN ALSO PRODUCED A lNE ROOKIE IN RIGHTlELDER &IELDER *ONES WHOSE MARK WAS ONLY FOUR POINTS SHORT OF THE RECORD ESTABLISHED THE PREVIOUS YEAR BY #HICAGOS "ILL %VERETT FOR THE HIGHEST BATTING AVERAGE EVER BY A .ATIONAL ,EAGUE ROOKIE .OTWITHSTANDING *ONESS DEBUT THE "RIDEGROOMS NOSE DIVED TO TIE WITH 7ASHINGTON FOR TH PLACE AND POSTED THEIR LOWEST WINNING PERCENTAGE SINCE THEIR INAUGURAL MAJOR LEAGUE SEASON "ROOKLYNS CO TENANT IN THE NATIONS LARGEST METROPOLITAN AREA THE .EW 9ORK 'IANTS ALSO DROPPED BELOW WHEN !MOS 2USIE OBSTINATELY SAT OUT THE ENTIRE SEASON AFTER TEAM OWNER !NDREW &REEDMAN lNED HIM FOR hINDIFFERENCEv AND TRIED TO SLASH HIS SALARY &REEDMAN CLAIMED THE CLIMATE OF THE TIMES JUSTIlED HIS CLOSElSTED TACTICS WITH 2USIE AND OTHER 'IANTS STARS AND COULD POINT TO THE 4EMPLE #UP SERIES AS AN EXAMPLE &OR THE SECOND YEAR
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IN A ROW POOR CROWDS TURNED OUT IN BOTH #LEVELAND AND "ALTIMORE ,AMBASTED BY THE PRESS AFTER THEIR PREVIOUS TWO EMBARRASSING 4EMPLE #UP LOSSES THE /RIOLES DECIDED TO TAKE THE POSTSEASON PROCEEDING MORE SERIOUSLY THIS TIME (OFFER CRUISED TO A WIN OVER 9OUNG IN THE OPENER 7HEN 3PIDERS MANAGER 0AT 4EBEAU TURNED TO "OBBY 7ALLACE HIS FOURTH STRING PITCHER IN GAME TWO (ANLON COUNTERED WITH *OE #ORBETT 4HE YOUNGER BROTHER OF HEAVYWEIGHT CHAMP *IM #OR BETT THE YEAR OLD RIGHT HANDER HAD BEEN USED SPARINGLY DURING THE REGULAR SEASON #ORBETT WON GAME TWO AND (ANLON HOPING TO SPARK FAN INTEREST CALLED ON HIM AGAIN IN GAME FOUR AFTER (OFFER BREEZED TO ANOTHER WIN IN THE THIRD CONTEST TO GIVE THE /RIOLES A COMMANDING LEAD "UT ONLY AROUND SHUFmED THROUGH THE ,EAGUE 0ARK TURNSTILES ON /CTOBER TO WATCH #ORBETT AND .IG #UPPY DUEL THROUGH SIX SCORELESS INNINGS "ALTIMORE THEN TALLIED TWO RUNS IN THE TH AND THREE MORE IN THE TH TO GIVE #ORBETT A VERDICT AND SEAL THE SECOND DULL SWEEP IN THE 4EMPLE #UPS BRIEF THREE YEAR HISTORY %ACH WINNING /RIOLE GOT AROUND WHILE THE 3PIDERS TOOK HOME ONLY PER MAN %VEN IN A TIME OF MISERABLY SMALL SALARIES AND LOW PLAYER MORALE THE MEAGER PAYOFF FOR PLAYING IN RAW WEATHER TO DETERMINE A WINNER FEW TOOK SERIOUSLY SEEMED HARDLY WORTH THE EFFORT
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4(% 3%!3/.!, 2%#/2$ ' 7 , 0CT ( 2 '" !TTENDANCE "ALTIMORE /RIOLES #LEVELAND 3PIDERS #INCINNATI 2EDS "OSTON "EANEATERS #HICAGO #OLTS 0ITTSBURGH 0IRATES .EW 9ORK 'IANTS 0HILADELPHIA 0HILLIES 7ASHINGTON .ATIONALS "ROOKLYN "RIDEGROOMS 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS ,OUISVILLE #OLONELS
"AL #LE #IN "OS #HI 0IT .9 0HI "RO 7AS 3T, ,OU 4OT "ALTIMORE #LEVELAND #INCINNATI "OSTON #HICAGO 0ITTSBURGH .EW 9ORK 0HILADELPHIA 7ASHINGTON "ROOKLYN 3T ,OUIS ,OUISVILLE
3%!3/. ,%!$%23 "ATTING !VERAGE !"S 3LUGGING !VERAGE
/N "ASE 0ERCENTAGE
"URKETT #LEVELAND *ENNINGS "ALTIMORE $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA +EELER "ALTIMORE 4IERNAN .EW 9ORK
$ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA $AHLEN #HICAGO -C#REERY ,OUISVILLE +ELLEY "ALTIMORE "URKETT #LEVELAND
(AMILTON "OSTON *ENNINGS "ALTIMORE $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA *OYCE 7ASH .EW 9ORK +ELLEY "ALTIMORE
4OTAL "ASES
(OME 2UNS
2")
"URKETT #LEVELAND $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA +ELLEY "ALTIMORE 6AN (ALTREN .EW 9ORK +EELER "ALTIMORE
$ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA *OYCE 7ASH .EW 9ORK 4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA #ONNOR 3T ,OUIS $AHLEN #HICAGO & #LARKE ,OUISVILLE
$ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA *ENNINGS "ALTIMORE $UFFY "OSTON -C+EAN #LEVELAND #HILDS #LEVELAND 2EITZ "ALTIMORE
(ITS
2UNS
"ASES ON "ALLS
"URKETT #LEVELAND +EELER "ALTIMORE *ENNINGS "ALTIMORE $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA 6AN (ALTREN .EW 9ORK
"URKETT #LEVELAND +EELER "ALTIMORE (AMILTON "OSTON +ELLEY "ALTIMORE $AHLEN #HICAGO
(AMILTON "OSTON *OYCE 7ASH .EW 9ORK #HILDS #LEVELAND +ELLEY "ALTIMORE 4IERNAN .EW 9ORK
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3TOLEN "ASES
3TRIKEOUTS
(IT "Y 0ITCH
+ELLEY "ALTIMORE ,ANGE #HICAGO (AMILTON "OSTON $USTY -ILLER #INCINNATI $OYLE "ALTIMORE
-C#REERY ,OUISVILLE #LINGMAN ,OUISVILLE ,USH 7ASHINGTON 4 "ROWN 7ASHINGTON - #ROSS 3T ,OUIS :IMMER #LEVELAND
*ENNINGS "ALTIMORE *OYCE 7ASH .EW 9ORK * 3ULLIVAN 0HILA 3T, "RODIE "ALTIMORE "ECKLEY 0ITTS .EW 9ORK
3ACRIlCE (ITS
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(OY #INCINNATI %LY 0ITTSBURGH $AHLEN #HICAGO 4ENNEY "OSTON $ONNELLY "ALTIMORE $UFFY "OSTON
$ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA +ELLEY "ALTIMORE "URKETT #LEVELAND $AHLEN #HICAGO *OYCE 7ASH .EW 9ORK
0)4#().' 7INS
,OSSES
)NNINGS
.ICHOLS "OSTON +ILLEN 0ITTSBURGH 9OUNG #LEVELAND -EEKIN .EW 9ORK 4HREE WITH
(ART 3T ,OUIS (ILL ,OUISVILLE &RASER ,OUISVILLE "REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS $ #LARKE .EW 9ORK $ONAHUE 3T ,OUIS
+ILLEN 0ITTSBURGH 9OUNG #LEVELAND (AWLEY 0ITTSBURGH .ICHOLS "OSTON -ERCER 7ASHINGTON
#OMPLETE 'AMES
3TRIKEOUTS
7INNING 0ERCENTAGE DECISIONS
+ILLEN 0ITTSBURGH 9OUNG #LEVELAND -ERCER 7ASHINGTON &OUR WITH
9OUNG #LEVELAND (AWLEY 0ITTSBURGH +ILLEN 0ITTSBURGH "REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS -EEKIN .EW 9ORK
(OFFER "ALTIMORE $WYER #INCINNATI .ICHOLS "OSTON 'RIFlTH #HICAGO 7ILSON #LEVELAND
%2! INNINGS
,OWEST //"0
,OWEST /"!
2HINES #INCINNATI .ICHOLS "OSTON #UPPY #LEVELAND $WYER #INCINNATI 9OUNG #LEVELAND
2HINES #INCINNATI #UPPY #LEVELAND 9OUNG #LEVELAND .ICHOLS "OSTON %SPER "ALTIMORE
2HINES #INCINNATI (AWLEY 0ITTSBURGH - 3ULLIVAN .EW 9ORK &RIEND #HICAGO (OFFER "ALTIMORE
0UTOUTS
!SSISTS
&IELDING !VERAGE
" 4EBEAU #LEVELAND #ARTWRIGHT 7ASHINGTON #ONNOR 3T ,OUIS
#ONNOR 3T ,OUIS 4EBEAU #LEVELAND 4UCKER "OSTON
#ONNOR 3T ,OUIS ,A#HANCE "ROOKLYN 4EBEAU #LEVELAND
" #HILDS #LEVELAND 'LEASON .EW 9ORK (ALLMAN 0HILADELPHIA
#HILDS #LEVELAND 'LEASON .EW 9ORK * /"RIEN ,OUIS 7ASHINGTON
-C0HEE #INCINNATI 2EITZ "ALTIMORE (ALLMAN 0HILADELPHIA
" # )RWIN #INCINNATI #LINGMAN ,OUISVILLE ,YONS 0ITTSBURGH
#LINGMAN ,OUISVILLE # )RWIN #INCINNATI 3HINDLE "ROOKLYN
# )RWIN #INCINNATI #LINGMAN ,OUISVILLE -C'ARR #LEVELAND
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0UTOUTS
!SSISTS
33 *ENNINGS "ALTIMORE #ORCORAN "ROOKLYN ,ONG "OSTON
$EMONTREVILLE 7ASHINGTON #ORCORAN "ROOKLYN *ENNINGS "ALTIMORE
*ENNINGS "ALTIMORE ' 3MITH #INCINNATI #ORCORAN "ROOKLYN
2& 4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA +EELER "ROOKLYN $ONOVAN 0ITTSBURGH
4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA $ONOVAN 0ITTSBURGH $USTY -ILLER #INCINNATI *IMMY 2YAN #HICAGO
4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA 4IERNAN .EW 9ORK +EELER "ALTIMORE
#& "RODIE "ALTIMORE 'RIFlN "ROOKLYN ,ANGE #HICAGO
6AN (ALTREN .EW 9ORK "RODIE "ALTIMORE -C!LEER #LEVELAND ,ANGE #HICAGO
"RODIE "ALTIMORE 'RIFlN "ROOKLYN -C!LEER #LEVELAND
,& 3ELBACH 7ASHINGTON % 3MITH 0ITTSBURGH "URKE #INCINNATI
-C#ARTHY "ROOKLYN +ELLEY "ALTIMORE 4HREE WITH
+ELLEY "ALTIMORE $UFFY "OSTON $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA
# -C'UIRE 7ASHINGTON :IMMER #LEVELAND 3UGDEN 0ITTSBURGH
% -C&ARLAND 3T ,OUIS -C'UIRE 7ASHINGTON 'RIM "ROOKLYN
:IMMER #LEVELAND 0EITZ #INCINNATI +ITTRIDGE #HICAGO
0 &RASER ,OUISVILLE -ERCER 7ASHINGTON "REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS
9OUNG #LEVELAND +ILLEN 0ITTSBURGH (AWLEY 0ITTSBURGH
.ICHOLS "OSTON $AUB "ROOKLYN 4ERRY #HICAGO
$OUBLE 0LAYS
%RRORS
4#'AME
" 4EBEAU #LEVELAND $OYLE "ALTIMORE #ARTWRIGHT 7ASHINGTON
$OYLE "ALTIMORE #ARTWRIGHT 7ASHINGTON 4EBEAU #LEVELAND
4EBEAU #LEVELAND ,A#HANCE "ROOKLYN 4UCKER "OSTON
" #HILDS #LEVELAND (ALLMAN 0HILADELPHIA -C0HEE #INCINNATI
#HILDS #LEVELAND 'LEASON .EW 9ORK * /"RIEN ,OUIS 7ASHINGTON
#HILDS #LEVELAND 0FEFFER .EW 9ORK #HICAGO 'LEASON .EW 9ORK
" # )RWIN #INCINNATI #LINGMAN ,OUISVILLE -C'ARR #LEVELAND 3HINDLE "ROOKLYN
" -YERS 3T ,OUIS $ONNELLY "ALTIMORE %VERETT #HICAGO ,YONS 0ITTSBURGH
#LINGMAN ,OUISVILLE # )RWIN #INCINNATI *OYCE 7ASH .EW 9ORK
33 *ENNINGS "ALTIMORE #ORCORAN "ROOKLYN $AHLEN #HICAGO
$EMONTREVILLE 7ASHINGTON - #ROSS 3T ,OUIS ,ONG "OSTON
*ENNINGS "ALTIMORE ,ONG "OSTON $AHLEN #HICAGO
2& 4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA $ONOVAN 0ITTSBURGH $USTY -ILLER #INCINNATI
$USTY -ILLER #INCINNATI *IMMY 2YAN #HICAGO ,USH 7ASHINGTON
4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA "LAKE #LEVELAND +EELER "ALTIMORE
#& 4 0ARROTT #INCINNATI "RODIE "ALTIMORE -C!LEER #LEVELAND 3TENZEL 0ITTSBURGH
,ANGE #HICAGO 3TENZEL 0ITTSBURGH 4 "ROWN 7ASHINGTON
,ANGE #HICAGO 4 0ARROTT 3T ,OUIS (OY #INCINNATI
&IELDING !VERAGE
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$OUBLE 0LAYS
%RRORS
4#'AME
,& % 3MITH 0ITTSBURGH -C#ARTHY "ROOKLYN "URKETT #LEVELAND $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA
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"Y ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION MONARCHS WERE AT THEIR WITS END ,ED BY THE "ALTIMORE /RIOLES AND THE #LEVELAND 3PIDERS THE ROUGHHOUSE STYLE OF PLAY HAD GROWN SO PERVASIVE THAT "OSTON SPORTSWRITER 4IM -URNANE HIMSELF AN EARLY DAY PLAYER OB SERVED h4HE TIME WILL SOON COME WHEN NO PERSON ABOVE THE RANK OF GARROTTER CAN BE SECURED TO UMPIRE A GAMEv )N THE SEASON ALONE DIFFERENT MEN SERVED AS UMPIRES IN CHAMPION SHIP GAMES CAUSING ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION PRESIDENT .ICK 9OUNG TO GROW SO FRENZIED TO lLL THE CONSTANT VACANCIES THAT HE HIRED MOST OF HIS ARBITERS SIGHT UNSEEN OR ELSE TOOK ON EX PLAYERS WITH NO OFlCIATING EXPERIENCE WHO WERE DOWN ON THEIR LUCK 9OUNGS ONLY NEW WEAPON OF CONSEQUENCE IN IN THE WAR AGAINST ROWDYISM WAS A RULE AUTHORIZING AN UMPIRE TO lNE ANY PLAYER WHO DELIBERATELY DEFACED OR DISCOLORED A BALL IN PLAY "UT EVEN THOUGH THE ROUGHHOUSE ELEMENT WAS UNPERTURBED BY SUCH TOOTHLESS RULES THE GAME UNDERWENT A NUMBER OF CHANGES IN 3OME WERE SEEMINGLY PARADOXICAL 4HE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION BATTING AVERAGE WHICH HAD BEEN SHRINK $AD #LARKE TRIED OUT FOR /NEIDA IN BUT WAS CUT WHEN NONE OF THE TEAMS CATCHERS COULD HOLD HIM (E THEN JOINED THE .ORWICH TEAM AND IN HIS lRST PRO GAME THREW A NO HITTER AGAINST NONE OTHER THAN /NEIDA #LARKE WAS THE ARCHETYPAL FARM BOY AT THE START OF HIS CAREER ILL EDUCATED HOMELY THE BUTT OF EVERY JOKE "Y THE TIME HE JOINED THE .EW 9ORK 'IANTS IN HE HAD ACQUIRED CONlDENCE AND SOPHISTICATION AND BECOME AN IRREVERENT WAG CONSTANTLY CONNING BOTH TEAMMATES AND OPPONENTS (E WAS ALSO AN ACE CRAPS PLAYER WHOM NEW 'IANTS PLAYERS EACH YEAR PRIOR TO SPRING TRAINING WERE COUNSELED TO AVOID /N !UGUST SHORTLY AFTER 4HE 3PORTING .EWS HAD WRITTEN FACETIOUSLY h(ANDSOME $AD #LARKE WHOSE FACE WOULD TURN CREAM INTO RICH COTTAGE CHEESE IS TRAVELING WITH THE 'IANTS v #LARKE WAS SWAPPED TO ,OUISVILLE ALONG WITH A FEW HUNDRED DOLLARS FOR OUTlELDER 4OM -C#REERY 4WO WEEKS LATER #LARKE RETURNED TO .EW 9ORK WITH THE #OLONELS AND PITCHED THE lNEST GAME OF HIS MAJOR LEAGUE CAREER LOSING TO *OUETT -EEKIN ON A TH INNING DOUBLE FOLLOWED BY AN ERROR AND -EEKINS SACRIlCE mY
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W i[YedZ h[Wied Yb[l[bWdZ d[l[h med W f[ddWdj _d j^[ GNOF !FTER PLAYING FOR THE 4EMPLE #UP TWO YEARS IN A ROW #LEVELAND lNISHED JUST A FEW GAMES OVER IN AND WAS CLEARLY A TEAM ON THE DECLINE 4HE 3PIDERS OUTlELD ACTUALLY IMPROVED WHEN REGU LARS *IMMY -C!LEER AND (ARRY "LAKE LOST TIME TO INJURIES FORCING MANAGER 0AT 4EBEAU TO SUBSTITUTE /LLIE 0ICKERING AND #HIEF 3OCKALEXIS THE lRST OUTSTANDING .ATIVE !MERICAN PLAYER "UT #Y 9OUNG WAS BARELY A PITCHER AND .IG #UPPY PLAGUED BY ELBOW TROUBLE TUMBLED FROM WINS TO JUST 4HE REAL WEAK SPOT THOUGH WAS SHORTSTOP WHERE %D -C+EAN AGED QUICKLY -EANWHILE THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATIONS BEST SHORTSTOP WAS HITTING IN AND SETTING AN 2") MARK FOR THE POSI TION THAT WOULD STAND UNTIL (IS NAME WAS 'EORGE $AVIS AND HE PLAYED IN .EW 9ORK #LEVE LAND COULD SURELY HAVE USED $AVIS IN 4HE SAD FACT IS THAT #LEVELAND HAD HIM FOR THE lRST THREE YEARS OF HIS CAREER 5NABLE TO lGURE OUT WHETHER HIS PROPER POSITION WAS CENTER lELD THIRD BASE OR SHORTSTOP THE 3PIDERS TRADED $AVIS TO .EW 9ORK AFTER THE SEASON FOR ANCIENT "UCK %WING 4HEY TRADED A MAN WHO HAD ABOUT HITS AHEAD OF HIM AND SEVERAL lELDING RECORDS FOR A MAN WHO WOULD TURN BEFORE HIS lRST YEAR IN #LEVELAND WAS OUT )T WAS THE WORST TRADE IN THE S BUT AS WAS NOT THE CASE WITH RESPECT TO ITS OUTlELD MISMANAGEMENT #LEVELAND HAD AN EXCUSE IN THE $AVIS AFFAIR !T THE CLOSE OF THE SEASON ANXIOUS TO SHED LAME ARMED MALCONTENT %WING AND ALSO DESPERATE TO REINVIGORATE A DECAYING FRANCHISE IN THE NATIONS LARGEST CITY THE 'IANTS FRONT OFlCE HOUNDED #LEVELAND TO MAKE THE ONE SIDED TRADE 4HE 'IANTS WERE ABETTED BY OTHER ,EAGUE !SSO CIATION OPERATIVES WHO THE PREVIOUS YEAR HAD GIVEN SMALL MARKET #LEVELAND WHAT IT NEEDED TO STAY AmOAT AN EQUAL DIVISION OF GATE RECEIPTS IN RETURN FOR A PLEDGE hTHAT WHEN IT BECAME #LEVELANDS CHANCE TO HELP ANOTHER ,EAGUE CLUB THERE WOULD BE NO HESITATION ON ITS PART IN GIVING THE NECESSARY AIDv !FTER LOSING $AVIS #LEVELAND FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE DECADE WAS WEAK AT THIRD BASE AND CENTER lELD AND BY THE 3PIDERS ALSO HAD TROUBLES AT SHORTSTOP (AD THEY BEEN ALLOWED TO KEEP $AVIS THEY WOULD HAVE HAD ONE LESS WEAKNESS AND PROBABLY TWO OR THREE PENNANTS
ING EVERY YEAR SINCE WENT UP TWO POINTS TO YET PITCHERS ACHIEVED MORE COMPLETE GAMES AND STRIKEOUT TOTALS LIKEWISE SWELLED WHILE WALKS DIPPED 3CORING ALSO DROPPED DESPITE MORE BASE HITS BEING PRODUCED SUGGESTING THAT THE QUALITY OF PITCHING HAD IMPROVED OVERALL 4HE IMPROVEMENT WAS REmECTED MOST CLEARLY IN THE MOUND DEPTH THAT ALL OF THE BETTER TEAMS NOW ENJOYED !LTHOUGH SEVERAL MANAGERS IN RECENT YEARS HAD EXPERIMENTED WITH A FOUR MAN PITCHING ROTATION MOST OF THEM LIKE *OHN -C#LOSKEY WITH LAST PLACE ,OUISVILLE IN HAD EMPLOYED FOUR PITCHERS FOR THE LACK OF ONE OR TWO OUTSTANDING ONES "ALTIMORES .ED (ANLON IN WAS THE lRST WINNING MANAGER TO SPREAD HIS MOUND DUTIES EVENLY AMONG FOUR MEN 4HE /RIOLES QUARTET*OE #ORBETT "ILL (OFFER !RLIE 0OND AND *ERRY .OPS (ANLONS THIRD
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Wdej^[h ZWl_i 7HILE 'EORGE $AVIS WAS SETTING AN 2") RECORD FOR SHORTSTOPS IN THAT WOULD LAST FOR MORE THAN YEARS ANOTHER $AVIS WAS SETTING A MARK THAT WILL ALMOST CERTAINLY NEVER BE BROKEN 4HE OTHER $AVIS(ARRYPLAYED FOR 0ITTSBURGH AND LED THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION IN TRIPLES WITH A REMARK ABLY HIGH TOTAL EVEN FOR THE S WHEN TRIPLES WERE FAIRLY PLENTIFUL "UT WHAT WAS REALLY REMARKABLE WAS THAT HE HAD JUST DOUBLES .O ONE ELSEBEFORE OR SINCEHAS EVER COMPILED MORE TRIPLES THAN DOUBLES IN A SEASON ,ATER IN HIS CAREER (ARRY $AVIS LED THE !MERICAN ,EAGUE IN HOME RUNS FOUR YEARS RUNNING .O ONE ELSEBEFORE OR SINCEHAS EVER DONE THAT EITHER WITHOUT MAKING THE (ALL OF &AME ! LIST OF MAJOR LEAGUERS WHO COLLECTED AT LEAST TRIPLES IN A SEASON AND HAD AT LEAST EIGHT MORE TRIPLES THAN DOUBLES
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ROOKIE HILL lND IN THREE YEARSALL WON BETWEEN AND GAMES WHILE WORKING BETWEEN AND INNINGS &OR A TIME (ANLONS LATEST INNOVATION SEEMED DESTINED TO BRING "ALTIMORE A FOURTH STRAIGHT PENNANT !FTER THE lRST TWO WEEKS OF THE SEASON THE /RIOLES WERE AND TIED FOR ST PLACE WITH THE 0HILADELPHIA 0HILLIES "UT EVEN THOUGH THEY HAD A NEW lREBRAND MANAGER IN 'EORGE 3TALLINGS THE 0HILLIES WERE CERTAIN TO FOLD SOON BECAUSE THEY STILL LACKED PITCHING STRENGTH /C CUPYING LAST PLACE ON -AY AT WERE THE "OSTON "EANEATERS ANOTHER TEAM THAT LOOKED TO HAVE PITCHING WOES WHEN *ACK 3TIVETTS AND *IM 3ULLIVAN TWO OF MANAGER &RANK 3ELEES TOP THREE PITCHERS IN DEVELOPED AILING ARMS "UT "OSTON OWNER !RTHUR 3ODEN THOUGHT THE TROUBLE LAY ELSEWHERE $EPLORING THE hKICKINGv MANY OF HIS PLAYERS HAD BEEN DOING AND CLAIMING IT HAD A DELETERIOUS EFFECT ON THE TEAM HE SWORE THAT HENCEFORWARD ANY OFFENDERS lNED FOR BROWBEAT ING AN UMPIRE WOULD PAY OUT OF THEIR OWN POCKETS RATHER THAN HAVING THE TEAM CLANDESTINELY PAY THEIR lNES !S IF TO PROVE 3ODEN RIGHT "OSTON WENT ON A TEAR IN *UNE AND SURGED INTO THE LEAD AFTER TAKING TWO OUT OF THREE GAMES FROM "ALTIMORE AT HOME LATE IN THE MONTH (ANLON CONTENDED THAT THE KEY TO THE TURNABOUT WAS INJURIES FORCING EACH OF HIS FOUR REGULAR INlELDERS
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j^[ m[Wa[ij fei_j_ed _d j^[ GNOF 0LAYING HIS lRST FULL SEASON IN THE MAJORS IN .AP ,AJOIE SET ERA RECORDS FOR THE MOST TOTAL BASES AND THE HIGHEST SLUGGING AVERAGE OF ANY PLAYER AT HIS POSITION ,AJOIE ALSO FELL JUST A FEW POINTS SHORT OF THE ERA MARK FOR THE HIGHEST BATTING AVERAGE 3INCE ,AJOIE WAS AN EXTRAORDINARY HIT TER IT SHOULD BE NO SURPRISE THAT HE SET ALL THOSE MARKS EVEN SO EARLY IN HIS CAREER 4HE SURPRISE MAY BE THAT IN ,AJOIEARGUABLY THE GREATEST SECOND BASEMAN IN HISTORYPLAYED lRST BASE !N OTHER SURPRISE MAY BE THAT EVEN THOUGH NINETEENTH CENTURY lRST BASEMEN ARE OVERREPRESENTED IN THE (ALL OF &AME IN THE ERA MORE TEAMS WERE WEAK AT lRST BASE THAN AT ANY OTHER POSITION (ERE ARE THE BEST HITTING PERFORMANCES BY lRST BASEMEN DURING THE ERA WITH AND AT BAT MINIMUMS -OST lGURES WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THOSE ACHIEVED BY ,AJOIE WERE RATHER MODEST FOR THAT TIME
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j^[ d_d[j[[dj^ Y[djkho ^ec[ hkd a_d] )N NEARING HIS TH BIRTHDAY 2OGER #ONNOR CLUBBED HIS TH AND LAST HOME RUN 4WO YEARS EARLIER #ONNOR HAD SURPASSED (ARRY 3TOVEYS TOTAL OF TO SET A NEW CAREER DINGER RECORD THAT WOULD STAND UNTIL "ABE 2UTH CAME ALONG #ONNOR SET ANOTHER LESSER KNOWN CAREER FOUR BAGGER MARK THAT ENDURED A BIT LONGER HOWEVER (IS CIRCUIT CLOUTS STOOD FOR NEARLY YEARS AS THE STANDARD FOR THE MOST BY A PLAYER THAT NEVER HIT AS MANY AS IN A SEASON )N A FORMER TEAMMATE OF 2UTHS 4ONY ,AZZERI SHATTERED #ONNORS RECORD EN ROUTE TO HAMMERING CAREER HOME RUNS ,AZZERIS NEW MARK LASTED UNTIL WHEN IT FELL TO THE PRESENT RECORD HOLDER 2ON &AIRLY ,AZZERI STILL RANKS SECOND ON THE ALL TIME LIST BUT #ONNOR IS NO LONGER EVEN IN THE 4OP 4EN (ERE IS THE 4OP 4EN LIST OF RETIRED PLAYERS WHO HIT THE MOST CAREER HOME RUNS WITHOUT EVER HITTING AS MANY AS IN A SEASON AS OF THE BEGINNING OF THE CAMPAIGN WHEN ,AZZERI WAS POISED TO TAKE OVER THE LEAD 2ANK
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PLUS CATCHER 7ILBERT 2OBINSON TO MISS PART OF THE SEASON BUT SOME CLOSE TO THE /RIOLES CITED DISSENSION ESPECIALLY BETWEEN lRST BASEMAN *ACK $OYLE AND THIRD BASEMAN *OHN -C'RAW 4HE PAIR LOATHED EACH OTHER AND FOUGHT IN THE CLUBHOUSE ON SEVERAL OCCASIONS AND -C'RAW ALSO TANGLED IN *ULY WITH THE NOT NOTABLY FRACTIOUS 7ILLIE +EELER AFTER ACCUSING THE LITTLE RIGHT lELDER OF COSTING THE TEAM A GAME WHEN HE LET HIS MIND WANDER ON THE lELD 3TILL OTHER OBSERVERS BLAMED THE /RIOLES MIDSEASON SAG ON CENTER lELD NOW OCCUPIED BY *AKE 3TENZEL WHOSE ACQUI SITION FROM 0ITTSBURGH IN A TRADE FOR 3TEVE "RODIE AND *IM $ONNELLY HAD BROKEN UP WHAT MANY BELIEVED WAS THE BEST OUTlELD CORPS YET SEEN IN +EELER "RODIE AND *OE +ELLEY "UT THE GOOD GUY "EANEATERS ALSO HAD THEIR SHARE OF DISRUPTIONS AS 3ELEE REPLACED POPULAR LONGTIME lRST BASEMAN 4OMMY 4UCKER WITH &RED 4ENNEY GAVE *IMMY "ANNONS RIGHTlELD POST TO ROOKIE #HICK 3TAHL MADE *IMMY #OLLINS WHO HAD SPLIT HOT CORNER DUTY IN WITH *OE (AR
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RINGTON HIS FULL TIME THIRD BASEMAN AND TURNED OVER 3TIVETTSS AND 3ULLIVANS SPOTS IN THE PITCHING ROTATION TO TWO RECRUITS WHO HAD JOINED "OSTON LATE THE PREVIOUS SEASON 4ED ,EWIS AND &RED +LOBEDANZ ,EWIS +LOBEDANZ AND VETERAN ACE +ID .ICHOLS WON GAMES AGGREGATE IN AGAINST JUST LOSSES 7ITH EVERY REGULAR EXCEPT CATCHER -ARTY "ERGEN HITTING AT LEAST AND 3TIVETTS SLAMMING AS A DUAL PITCHER OUTlELDER THE "EANEATERS BATTED AND BECAME THE LAST TEAM UNTIL TO SCORE IN QUADRUPLE DIGITS 7HEN "OSTON ALSO ALLOWED THE FEWEST RUNS IN THE MAJORS AND POSTED THE BEST lELDING AVERAGE THE PENNANT SEEMED ASSURED "UT THE DISSEN SION RIDDEN AND INJURY PLAGUED /RIOLES REFUSED TO SUBMIT 7HEN "OSTON CAME TO "ALTIMORES 5NION 0ARK ON 3EPTEMBER FOR THE lNAL THREE GAMES OF THE SEASON BE TWEEN THE TWO COMBATANTS THE "EANEATERS
.AP ,AJOIE SET SEVERAL BATTING RECORDS FOR lRST BASEMEN IN 4HE FOLLOW ING YEAR MOVED TO THE POSITION WHERE HE WOULD ACHIEVE IMMORTALITY ,AJOIE SET A PERIOD 2") RECORD FOR SECOND BASEMEN ,AJOIES NEXT TWO SEASONS WERE MARRED BY INJURIES )N HE HURT HIS KNEE IN *ULY JUST WHEN 0HILADELPHIA WAS MOUNTING A SERIOUS PENNANT BID !NOTHER PENNANT OPPORTUNITY FOR THE 0HILS WAS SPOILED IN WHEN ,AJOIE WAS SUSPENDED WITHOUT PAY FOR lVE WEEKS AFTER HE ACCIDENTALLY HIT A WASHSTAND AND BROKE HIS THUMB TAKING A SWING AT TEAMMATE %LMER &LICK IN AN ARGUMENT OVER THE OWNERSHIP OF A BAT 4HERE HAD BEEN BAD BLOOD BETWEEN THE PAIR EVER SINCE &LICK JOINED THE 0HILS IN BUT THE BREACH WAS HEALED BY THE TIME THE TWO FUTURE (ALL OF &AMERS TEAMED UP IN #LEVELAND IN
TRAILED BY A SINGLE PERCENTAGE POINT .ICH OLS WON THE SERIES OPENER ON &RIDAY BUT (OFFER BEAT +LOBEDANZ THE FOLLOWING AFTERNOON TO PUT THE /RIOLES BACK INTO ST PLACE 3UN DAY WAS AN OFF DAY SINCE LOCAL BLUE LAWS STILL FORBADE BASEBALL ON THE 3ABBATH IN "ALTIMORE BUT ON -ONDAY AN OVERmOW THRONG OF NEARLY CAME OUT TO WATCH #ORBETT THE /RIOLES LEADING WINNER DUEL .ICHOLS WITH BOTH PITCHING ON JUST TWO DAYS REST 4HE CAPACITY CROWD SAT STUNNED AS "OSTON BATS PUMMELED #ORBETT AND THREE OTHER /RIOLESINDEED EVERY PITCHER (ANLON HAD IN UNIFORM THAT DAY EXCEPT 0ONDAND WON TO LEAVE TOWN WITH A GAME AND A HALF LEAD 4HE SEASON FROM THAT POINT ON WAS ALL DESCENDING ACTION 7HEN IT OFlCIALLY ENDED A WEEK LATER ON /CTOBER THE "EANEATERS HAD EXTENDED THEIR LEAD OVER "ALTIMORE BY ANOTHER HALF LENGTH TO TWO GAMES 4HE .EW 9ORK 'IANTS SURVIVING EVEN MORE INTERNAL SQUABBLES THAN "ALTIMORE lN ISHED THIRD AND #INCINNATI #LEVELAND "ROOKLYN AND 7ASHINGTON COMPLETED THE lRST DIVISION WITH THE LATTER TWO TEAMS TYING FOR THE TH AND lNAL RUNG IN THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATIONS UPPER ECHELON )N THE BASEMENT FOR THE lRST TIME IN THEIR YEAR HISTORY WERE THE 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS
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WITH A DISMAL WINNING PERCENTAGE 7HILE THE OTHER TEAMS WERE STRIVING TO DEVELOP A FOUR MAN ROTATION THE "ROWNS STRUGGLED TO lND EVEN ONE QUALITY PITCHER 3T ,OUISS TEAM %2! OF WAS THE WORST IN THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION BY RUNS AND 2ED $ONAHUE THE STAFF hACE v WAS BEATEN TIMES TO SET A MARK FOR THE MOST LOSSES AT THE |
DISTANCE 4HE 4EMPLE #UP SERIES WAS ONCE AGAIN A SLOPPY CARELESS ONE SIDED AFFAIR AND FOR THE THIRD TIME IN ITS FOUR YEAR HISTORY IT WAS WON BY THE CHALLENGING OR ND PLACE TEAM !FTER DROPPING THE OPENER "ALTIMORE SWEPT THE NEXT FOUR GAMES )F THE PITCHING TRULY HAD IMPROVED IN IT WAS NEVER MANIFESTED IN THE POSTSEASON 4HE /RIOLES BATTED AND EVEN IN LOSING "OSTON HIT AND TALLIED RUNS IN THE lVE CONTESTS !S PROOF OF HOW LITTLE THE PROSPECT OF LOSING THE 4EMPLE #UP CONCERNED HIM 3ELEE IN THE lNAL GAME CALLED ON 0IANO ,EGS (ICKMAN WHO HAD NEVER BEFORE STARTED A GAME IN THE MAJORS 5GLY PLAY MINISCULE CROWDS AND THE USUAL RUMORS THAT BOTH TEAMS HAD CONSPIRED BEFORE THE SERIES TO SPLIT THE TAKE lNALLY INDUCED MOGULS TO CALL A MERCIFUL HALT TO THE 4EMPLE #UP EXPERIMENT WHEN THEY MET IN 0HILADELPHIA IN .OVEMBER 4HE ONLY DISSENTING VOTE CAME FROM (ANLON WHOSE TEAM NEEDED ONLY ONE MORE POSTSEASON WIN TO TAKE PERMANENT POSSESSION OF 7ILLIAM 4EMPLES CUP )NSTEAD IT RESIDES TODAY IN THE (ALL OF &AME AT #OOPERSTOWN
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"OSTON "EANEATERS "ALTIMORE /RIOLES .EW 9ORK 'IANTS #INCINNATI 2EDS #LEVELAND )NDIANS "ROOKLYN 4ROLLEY $ODGERS 7ASHINGTON .ATIONALS 0ITTSBURGH 0IRATES #HICAGO #OLTS 0HILADELPHIA 0HILLIES ,OUISVILLE #OLONELS 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS
"OS "AL .9 #IN #LE "RO 7AS 0IT #HI 0HI ,OU 3T, 4OT "OSTON "ALTIMORE .EW 9ORK #INCINNATI #LEVELAND "ROOKLYN 7ASHINGTON 0ITTSBURGH #HICAGO 0HILADELPHIA ,OUISVILLE 3T ,OUIS
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/N "ASE 0ERCENTAGE
+EELER "ALTIMORE & #LARKE ,OUISVILLE "URKETT #LEVELAND $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA +ELLEY "ALTIMORE
,AJOIE 0HILADELPHIA +EELER "ALTIMORE $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA & #LARKE ,OUISVILLE ' $AVIS .EW 9ORK
-C'RAW "ALTIMORE "URKETT #LEVELAND +EELER "ALTIMORE *ENNINGS "ALTIMORE (AMILTON "OSTON
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(AMILTON "OSTON -C'RAW "ALTIMORE 'RIFlN "ROOKLYN *OYCE .EW 9ORK 3ELBACH 7ASHINGTON
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0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! 7ERDEN " & #LARKE ,& #LINGMAN " 3TAFFORD 33 7ILSON # -C#REERY 2& 0ICKERING #& 7AGNER #& 2OGERS " &RASER 0 .ANCE #& *OHNSON " h 33 $EXTER 2& h # h " #UNNINGHAM 0 (ILL 0 -AGEE 0 3MITH " $OLAN " h 33 "UTLER #
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' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! (" 70 (2 #HICK &RASER "ERT #UNNINGHAM "ILL (ILL "ILL -AGEE 'EORGE (EMMING 2OY %VANS $AD #LARKE 0ETE $OWLING !RT (ERMAN "ERT -ILLER 2UBE 7ADDELL *IM *ONES FORFEIT 7 VS #LEVELAND ON !UG
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4OMMY $OWD (UGH .ICOL "ILL (ALLMAN #HRIS 6ON DER !HE 3PORTSMANS 0ARK )) ' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3" ("0 3( "! 3! /"0 # +LONDIKE $OUGLASS " &RED (ARTMAN 33 -ONTE #ROSS 2& 4UCK 4URNER ,& $AN ,ALLY #& $ICK (ARLEY " -IKE 'RADY " "ILL (ALLMAN 3UB &RANK (OUSEMAN # -ORG -URPHY 0 "ILL (ART 0 2ED $ONAHUE 3UB 4OMMY $OWD 3UB %D -C&ARLAND 3UB 2OGER #ONNOR 3UB ,OU "IERBAUER 0 +ID #ARSEY 0 7ILLIE 3UDHOFF 0 "ILL +ISSINGER 0 0ERCY #OLEMAN 0 $UKE %SPER 0 "ILL (UTCHISON 0 #ON ,UCID 3UB %D "IECHER 0 -IKE -C$ERMOTT 3UB &RANK (UELSMAN 0 *OHN 'RIMES 0 2OY %VANS
"'RADY #ONNOR $OUGLASS -URPHY -C&ARLAND ,ALLY (ALLMAN $ONAHUE (ART "(ALLMAN (OUSEMAN "IERBAUER $OWD -C&ARLAND 33#ROSS (OUSEMAN $OUGLASS "(ARTMAN $OUGLASS (OUSEMAN
M MG
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/&4URNER (ARLEY ,ALLY $OUGLASS (OUSEMAN $OWD +ISSINGER (ART "IECHER -C&ARLAND (UELSMAN $ONAHUE 'RADY #$OUGLASS -URPHY -C&ARLAND 0$ONAHUE (ART #OLEMAN #ARSEY 3UDHOFF %SPER +ISSINGER (UTCHISON ,UCID -C$ERMOTT 'RIMES %VANS
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! #ROSS 33 (ARTMAN " 4URNER 2& (ARLEY #& ,ALLY ,& 'RADY " (ALLMAN " $OUGLASS # h #& h " -URPHY # $ONAHUE 0 (OUSEMAN " (ART 0 $OWD 2& -C&ARLAND # #ONNOR " #OLEMAN 0 "IERBAUER " #ARSEY 0 3UDHOFF 0
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! (" 70 (2 2ED $ONAHUE "ILL (ART +ID #ARSEY 7ILLIE 3UDHOFF $UKE %SPER 0ERCY #OLEMAN #ON ,UCID "ILL (UTCHISON "ILL +ISSINGER -IKE -C$ERMOTT *OHN 'RIMES 2OY %VANS
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4HE SINKING OF THE 533 -AINE ON &EBRUARY PLUNGED THE NATION INTO WAR WITH 3PAIN )T WAS THE lRST WAR TO IMPACT ON A MAJOR LEAGUE SEASON AND THOUGH IT WAS OVER BY MIDSUMMER IT WAS BLAMED FOR FALLING ATTENDANCE IN MANY ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION CITIES !FTER THE HORDES THAT WITNESSED THE CRUCIAL THREE GAME SERIES IN "ALTIMORE BETWEEN THE /RIOLES AND THE "OSTON "EANEATERS NEAR THE CLOSE OF THE SEASON ONLY SHOWED UP FOR THE /RIOLES HOME OPENER IN AND IT PROVED TO BE THEIR LARGEST CROWD ALL YEAR 4HOUGH THE SCHEDULE WAS
4HE REMNANTS OF THE #LEVELAND 3PIDERS AND SEVERAL RECRUITS POSED FOR US ON A -ARCH DAY IN AT THE CLUBS SPRING TRAINING SITE IN (OT 3PRINGS !RK &OR MANY OF THE FACES HERE IT WAS THE LAST PICTURE EVER TAKEN OF THEM IN #LEVELAND LIVERY 7ITHIN DAYS MOST WOULD lND THEMSELVES STILL IN (OT 3PRINGS BUT WEARING 3T ,OUIS UNIFORMS 4HE ACCEPTED IDENTIlCATION OF THE ABOUT TO BECOME "ROWNS IS 4OP 3PORT -C!LLISTER %MMET (EIDRICK #Y 9OUNG 'EORGE "RISTOW *ESSE "URKETT AND #HIEF :IMMER -IDDLE *AKE 3TENZEL %D -C+EAN /SSEE 3CHREGENGOST *ACK /#ONNOR 0AT 4EBEAU #UPID #HILDS :EKE 7ILSON (ARRY "LAKE AND "OBBY 7ALLACE "OTTOM *ACK 0OWELL ,OU #RIGER 0ASCHAL ,ONG AND &RANK "ATES 7E DONT KNOW WHO 0ASCHAL AND ,ONG WERE AND WE DISPUTE THE IDENTIlCATIONS OF "URKETT #HILDS AND 7ILSON !NOTHER MYSTERY lGURE IS "ATES $ESPITE SHINING IN AN /CTOBER TRIAL AND TWO EARLY SEASON RELIEF APPEARANCES IN "ATES PUZZLINGLY WAS SHIPPED BACK TO #LEVELAND ALONG WITH BATTERYMATE 3CHREGENGOST 4HE LATTER WAS RETRIEVED WHEN HE HIT FOR THE WEAKLING 3PIDERS BUT "ATES QUICKLY FADED FROM THE MAJORS AFTER HE REWARDED THE FEW REMAINING &OREST #ITY FANS BY ALLOWING AN AVERAGE OF BASE RUNNERS PER NINE INNINGS IN THE MOST EVER BY AN %2! QUALIlER
M MI
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\eh\[_j ___ 0RIOR TO THE SEASON *OHN "RUSH NOW THE OWNER OF #INCINNATI DECIDED ENOUGH TIME HAD PASSED THAT HE COULD mOAT ANOTHER h"RUSH 2ULEv PAST HIS CONFRERES 4HIS ONE WAS NO BETTER RECEIVED BY THE PLAYERS THAN HIS EDICT LIMITING THEIR SALARIES "RUSHS RULE PROCLAIMED THAT ANY PLAY ER WHO ADDRESSED AN UMPIRE OR A FELLOW PLAYER IN A hVILLAINOUSLY lLTHYv MANNER WOULD BE BROUGHT BEFORE A THREE MAN DISCIPLINARY BOARD AND BANISHED FOR LIFE IF DEEMED GUILTY .O ONE EVER HAD HIS CAREER TERMINATED FOR VIOLATING "RUSHS LATEST CREATION &EW PLAYERS WERE EVEN lNED 4HERE WERE SOME FAMOUS INCIDENTS THOUGH /N *ULY IN THE FOURTH INNING OF A GAME BETWEEN "ALTIMORE AND .EW 9ORK AT THE 0OLO 'ROUNDS /RIOLES OUTlELDER $UCKY (OLMES WAS JEERED BY LOCAL FANS AFTER HE FANNED AND REACTED WHEN SOMEONE IN THE CROWD SHOUTED THAT THE 'IANTSFOR WHOM HED PLAYED THE PREVIOUS YEARWERE WELL RID OF HIM !CCORDING TO SOME REPORTS (OLMES RETORTED THAT HE WAS GLAD AT LEAST THAT HE WASNT WORKING hFOR A 3HEENYv ANYMORE 4HE REFERENCE WAS TO THE ETHNICITY OF 'IANTS OWNER !NDREW &REEDMAN )T WAS UNCLEAR WHETHER &REED MAN ACTUALLY HEARD THE REMARK HIMSELF OR IMAGINED ITS NATURE FROM THE CROWDS REACTION )N ANY CASE &REEDMAN DEMANDED THAT UMPIRE 4OM ,YNCH EJECT (OLMES FROM THE GAME 7HEN ,YNCH CLAIMED NOT TO HAVE HEARD (OLMES SAY ANYTHING hVILLAINOUS v &REEDMAN HAD 'IANTS MANAGER "ILL *OYCE PULL HIS TEAM OFF lELD IMPELLING ,YNCH TO FORFEIT THE GAME TO "ALTIMORE !T THAT POINT AN ANGRY .EW 9ORK CROWD SURROUNDED &REEDMAN AND COWED HIM INTO REFUNDING THEIR MONEY /RIOLES MANAGER .ED (ANLON LATER IGNORED &REEDMANS DEMAND TO GIVE BACK "ALTI MORES SHARE OF THE GATE RECEIPTS FOR THE TRUNCATED GAME AND URGED THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATIONS FOUR MAN "OARD OF #ONTROL TO lNE THE 'IANTS FOR DELIBERATELY FORFEITING THE CONTEST &REEDMAN HOT TO GET REDRESS SOMEWHERE NEXT DEMANDED THAT (OLMES BE SUSPENDED FOR THE REST OF THE SEASON ,OOP PRESIDENT .ICK 9OUNG NEVER RENOWN FOR BRAVE STANCES INITIALLY DID BOTH lNING &REEDMAN AND SUSPENDING (OLMES "EGINNING TO FEAR THAT HE WAS HOLDING A LOSING HAND &REEDMAN ALLOWED HIM SELF TO BE PERSUADED TO TAKE A LONG VACATION IN %UROPE 7HILE HE WAS OUT OF THE COUNTRY A GRATEFUL 9OUNG RESCINDED HIS lNE AND REINSTATED (OLMES 7HEN THE /RIOLES NEXT VISITED THE 0OLO 'ROUNDS IN 3EPTEMBER (OLMES WAS BACK IN THE "IRDS LINEUP -EANWHILE &REEDMAN FORMALLY PROTESTED TO NO AVAIL EVERY GAME FOR THE REST OF THE YEAR IN WHICH HIS ALLEGED DEFAMER APPEARED
INCREASED IN TO GAMES GIVING EACH TEAM MORE HOME DATES "ALTIMORE DREW JUST FANS THAT YEAR !TTENDANCE PROBLEMS WERE EVEN MORE ACUTE IN #LEVELAND OWING TO ACRIMONY BETWEEN THE LO CAL POPULACE AND THE 2OBISON BROTHERS WHO OWNED BOTH THE 3PIDERS AND A &OREST #ITY STREETCAR COMPANY 7HEN THE 2OBISONS HIRED NONUNION STRIKEBREAKERS TO OPERATE THEIR CAR LINES EVERY #LEVELAND LABOR GROUP PROTESTED THE USE OF hSCABSv BY BOYCOTTING THE 3PIDERS AND FORCING THE
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j^[ XWZB XWZ Xhemdi 4HE 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS lNISHED IN THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION CELLAR FOR THE SECOND YEAR IN A ROW IN #HRIS 6ON DER !HE DISINTEGRATED PERSONALLY AND lNANCIALLY AND PRACTICALLY GAVE AWAY THE CLUB
NOT THAT THERE WAS MUCH LEFT OF IT BY THEN !S EARLY AS 4HE 3PORTING .EWS HAD BEGUN CALLING THE TEAM THE h$ONE "ROWNSv AND REFERRING TO MAGNATE 6ON DER !HE AS hTHE -AGGOTv !BOUT THE ONLY AREA IN WHICH THE "ROWNS IMPROVED IN WAS THAT THEY STUCK TO THE SAME MANAGER ALL SEASON AS 4IM (URST TOOK A YEAR AWAY FROM THE MOST HARROWING PROFESSION THERE WAS IN THE S,EAGUE UMPIREAND THEN DECIDED HED EMBARKED ON SOMETHING EVEN MORE HAZARDOUS TO HIS HEALTH )N (URST WENT BACK TO UMPIRING AND THE "ROWNS WENT OFF IN ANOTHER DIRECTION TOO BUT THATS A STORY FOR OUR NEXT CHAPTER 4HE STORY HERE IS THAT THE "ROWNS SET A RECORD FOR THE WORST TWO YEAR RUN OF ANY TEAM IN MAJOR LEAGUE HISTORY THAT PLAYED A SEASON SCHEDULE OF AT LEAST GAMES 7HATS MORE THEIR PERFORMANCE WAS ALSO THE WORST THREE YEAR RUN 4HE "ROWNS HAD SOME COMPETITION THOUGH IN THE S AND ACTUALLY HAD TO WORK FAIRLY HARD TO BREAK BOTH THE TWO YEAR AND THREE YEAR WORST MARKS (ERE IS A LIST OF THEIR COMPETITORS FOR THE TITLE OF THE WORST TEAM OF ALL TIME
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9EARS
7
,
0CT
3T ,OUIS "ROWNS
,!
0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS
!,
0HILADELPHIA 1UAKERS
.,
,OUISVILLE #OLONELS
,!
,OUISVILLE #OLONELS
!!
.OTE 3EVERAL .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION TEAMS HAD WORSE RECORDS OVER TWO YEAR OR THREE YEAR PERIODS AS DID THE #INCINNATI 2ED 3TOCKINGS WHEN THE SCHEDULE STILL CALLED FOR FEWER THAN GAMES
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,OUISVILLE #OLONELS
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0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS
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0HILADELPHIA 0HILLIES
.,
.EW 9ORK -ETS
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2OBISONS TO PUT THEIR TEAM ON THE ROAD MOST OF THE LAST HALF OF THE SEASON #LEVELAND AS A RESULT PLAYED OF ITS GAMES OUTSIDE OF NORTHERN /HIO AFTER TRANSFERRING MANY OF ITS HOME DATES TO RIVAL CITIES !MONG THE BENElCIARIES WAS #HICAGO WHICH GOT TO BE THE HOST TEAM TIMES IN ITS OUTINGS 4HE EXTRA HOME DATES ENABLED THE #OLTS TO SHATTER ALL 7INDY #ITY RECORDS AND LEAD THE MAJORS IN ATTENDANCE WITH A lGURE MADE ALL THE MORE PHENOMENAL IN THAT FOR THE lRST SEASON IN THE TEAMS YEAR HISTORY IT TOOK THE lELD WITHOUT #AP !NSON "ETRAYED BY !L 3PALDING WHO HAD PROMISED HIM A CONTROLLING INTEREST IN THE #OLTS AND THEN RENEGED !NSON hORPHANEDv #HICAGO THEREBY GIVING THE TEAM A NEW NICKNAME AND ABANDONED HIS lRST BASE SPOT AT 7EST 3IDE 0ARK FOR A NONPLAYING MANAGERIAL POST IN .EW 9ORK WHERE HE ALSO QUICKLY GREW DISENCHANTED AFTER A FEW WEEKS OF DEALING WITH THE 'IANTS SULFUROUS OWNER !NDREW &REEDMAN /N /PENING $AY IN THE GAME WAS MISSING NOT ONLY !NSON BUT SEVERAL OTHER LEGACIES FROM ITS INFANCY 'ONE WAS A RULE GIVING AN OFlCIAL SCORER THE OPTION TO CREDIT A PLAYER WITH A STOLEN BASE IF HE WENT FROM lRST TO THIRD ON A SINGLE OR OTHERWISE TOOK AN EXTRA BASE 4HE NEW AND MUCH STRICTER RULE FOR WHAT CONSTITUTED A STEAL SHARPLY REDUCED THE NUMBER OF THEFTSIN %D $ELAHANTY TOPPED THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION WITH JUST STEALS THE FEWEST SINCE BY A LEADERAND IS THE ANCESTOR OF THE CURRENT DElNITION OF A STOLEN BASE !NOTHER RULE REVISION TERMINATED THE ANCIENT CUSTOM OF PLAYERS MINGLING WITH THE CROWD BY FORBIDDING ANY PLAYER IN UNIFORM BUT NOT ON THE ACTUAL PLAYING lELD FROM SITTING OR STANDING ANYWHERE IN THE PARK BUT HIS TEAMS BENCH "UT PERHAPS THE MOST TELLING CHANGE IN WAS A REVISED BALK RULE WHICH IMPOSED TIGHTER RESTRICTIONS ON A PITCHERS PICKOFF MOVE AND BARRED HIM FROM STANDING ON THE RUBBER WITH A BASE OR BASES OCCUPIED AND THE BALL NOT IN HIS POSSESSION IN AN EFFORT TO BEGUILE A RUNNER INTO FALLING PREY TO THE HIDDEN BALL TRICK "UT IF THE RULESMAKERS SENSED THAT PITCHERS WERE ABOUT TO REGAIN THE UPPER HAND THEIR ATTEMPT TO TIP THE SCALE BACK THE OTHER WAY CAME TOO LATE )N THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION BATTING AVER AGE DIPPED POINTS TO AND FOR THE lRST TIME IN MAJOR LEAGUE HISTORY THE SLUGGING AVERAGE LEADER HAD A SUB BATTING AVERAGE /NE REASON FOR THE DRASTIC OFFENSIVE DECLINE WAS THAT MOST STANDOUT PITCHERS LIKE #Y 9OUNG AND +ID .ICHOLS HAD LONG SINCE ADAPTED TO THE NEW PITCHING DISTANCE AND THE REQUIREMENT TO STAND IN A lXED SPOT AS THEY BEGAN THEIR DELIVERY ! SECOND EVEN MORE PRIMARY REASON LOW SCORING GAMES WERE ABOUT TO BECOME THE NORM AGAIN WAS THAT A WHOLE NEW CROP OF PITCHERS WHO HAD TRAINED IN HIGH SCHOOL COLLEGE OR THE MINOR LEAGUES ON A PITCHING PLATE AT THE INCREASED |
DISTANCE WERE BEGINNING TO ARRIVE IN THE MAJORS &OREMOST AMONG THE NEWCOMERS IN WAS 6IC 7ILLIS WHOSE APPEARANCE MEANT WINS AND THE LAST PIECE "OSTON MANAGER &RANK 3ELEE NEEDED TO FASHION THE MOST POWERFUL TEAM IN THE S 3ELEES "EANEATERS TIED HIS TEAMS NINETEENTH CENTURY RECORD FOR WINS
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iekj^fWm YWjY^[hi *ACK #LEMENTS WAS ENTERING HIS TH SEASON IN THE MAJORS IN THE SPRING OF AND WAS NEARLY YEARS OLD ANCIENT IN THAT ERA FOR A CATCHER (E WAS COMING OFF A SEASON IN WHICH HED HIT BUT THE 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS WERE HUNGRY FOR NAME PLAYERS IN 3O THEY MADE #LEMENTS THEIR REGULAR BACKSTOP AND WHEN THEY GOT GAMES BEHIND THE PLATE OUT OF HIM HE BECAME THE LAST LEFTY IN MAJOR LEAGUE HISTORY TO SERVE AS A REGULAR CATCHER 4HE LIST OF LEFTIES WHO CAUGHT AT LEAST GAMES IN THE MAJORS
'AMES
9EARS !CTIVE
*ACK #LEMENTS
3AM 4ROTT
%DDIE 4ATE
3Y 3UTCLIFFE
&ERGY -ALONE
"ILL (ARBIDGE
-IKE (INES
*ACK (UMPHRIES
&RED 4ENNEY
!RT 4WINEHAM
0HIL "AKER
4ENNEY CAUGHT HIS LAST TWO GAMES IN *IGGS $ONAHUE HOLDS THE POST NINETEENTH CENTURY RECORD FOR MOST GAMES CAUGHT BY A SOUTHPAW WITH $ONAHUE ALSO CAUGHT TWO GAMES PRIOR TO
WITH BUT IT WAS NOT THEIR NUMBER OF VICTORIES SO MUCH AS THEIR TRIUMPH ONLY AFTER A HARD BATTLE AGAINST A TEAM NEARLY THEIR EQUAL THAT SIGNALED THEIR MAGNITUDE )N "ALTIMORE SKIP PER .ED (ANLON HAD HIS BEST BALANCED TEAM TO DATE AS HIS HITTERS PACED THE LOOP IN BATTING SCORING AND STOLEN BASES AND HIS PITCHERS WERE SECOND ONLY TO #HICAGO IN %2! DESPITE THE LOSS OF THREE OF HIS KEY STAFF MEMBERS 4HE WAR WITH 3PAIN TOOK !RLIE 0OND TO THE -EDICAL #ORPS IN THE 0HILIPPINES AFTER HE GOT HIS MEDICAL DEGREE A HOLDOUT BATTLE DREW *OE #ORBETT BACK TO THE 7EST #OAST AND A POOR START IN BY "ILL (OFFER PROMPTED HIS RELEASE TO 0ITTS BURGH 4O REPLACE THE TRIOS WINS IN (ANLON FOR THE FOURTH YEAR IN A ROW FOUND AN EX CEPTIONAL ROOKIE PITCHER AND FOR PERHAPS THE TENTH TIME DURING THE DECADE MADE A BOLD TRADE *AY (UGHES THE ROOKIE HURLER DEBUTED BY TOSSING A SHUTOUT IN HIS lRST START AND A NO HITTER IN
MMM
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ibem XWbb je ijWhZec !FTER WINNING GAMES AS A ROOKIE WITH "ALTIMORE OF THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION IN "ERT #UN NINGHAM LABORED IN MEDIOCRITY FOR THE NEXT TEN YEARS (E EVEN SPENT THREE SEASONS IN THE MINORS AFTER THE !SSOCIATION AND THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE MERGED IN REDUCING JOBS 4HEN IN OUT OF NOWHERE THE JUNK BALLING #UNNINGHAM CATAPULTED ,OUISVILLE TO SUDDEN RESPECTABILITY WHEN HE WON GAMES EVEN THOUGH 7ASHINGTON OWNER * %ARLE 7AGNER SAID h(E HASNT ENOUGH SPEED TO ASSASSINATE A MOSQUITOv )N THE PROCESS #UNNINGHAM SET BOTH THE RECORD FOR THE MOST WINS IN A SEASON AT THE v DISTANCE WITHOUT THROWING A SHUTOUT AND THE POST RECORD FOR THE FEWEST STRIKEOUTS BY A PITCHER WITH OR MORE WINS 4HE LIST OF POST LEADERS IN FEWEST STRIKEOUTS BY A GAME WINNER
9EAR
4EAM
7INS
+3
"ERT #UNNINGHAM
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4HE LIST OF ALL TIME LEADERS IN MOST WINS WITHOUT THROWING A SHUTOUT
9EAR
4EAM
7INS
4OAD 2AMSEY
,OU !!
'EORGE :ETTLEIN
0HI .!
$ICK -C"RIDE
!TH .!
"ERT #UNNINGHAM
,OU ,!
#Y 9OUNG
#LE .,
HIS SECOND AND THE TRADE WITH 7ASHINGTON BROUGHT $OC -C*AMES THE STRIKEOUT KING ALONG WITH SECOND BASEMAN 'ENE $E-ONTREVILLE FOR A SLIPPING (EINIE 2EITZ AND A PETULANT *ACK $OYLE (ANLONS THIRD MOUND DISCOVERY IN WAS A TALE FROM THE 4WILIGHT :ONE $ES PERATE FOR A FOURTH STARTER HE RESURRECTED !L -AUL WHO WAS APPROACHING AND HAD NEVER BEFORE BEEN A BIG WINNER IN AN ASTONISHINGLY UNDISTINGUISHED CAREER THAT STRETCHED BACK TO THE 5NION !SSOCIATION -AUL HAD SO LITTLE STUFF THAT HIS DELIVERIES WERE CALLED hDINKS v AND HE PITCHED SO SELDOM OWING TO CHRONIC ARM TROUBLE THAT 3PORTING ,IFE ONCE SAID OF HIM h.O ONE ELSE POSSESSED HIS SECRET OF ENJOYING SPORTING LIFE WITHOUT WORKING VERY HARD OR SUCCESSFULLYv
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9ET IN -AUL lNISHED OF HIS STARTS AND WON OF THEM WITH A %2! 7ITH THE MOST IMPROBABLE GAME WINNER OF THE DECADE AND VICTORIES FROM -C*AMES AND (UGHES PLUS WINS FROM *ERRY .OPS AND &RANK +ITSON ANOTHER ROOKIE lND (ANLON HAD GAMES IN THE BANK AND GOT ONE MORE FROM 0OND BEFORE HE LEFT FOR A MILITARY MEDICAL CAREER AND ANOTHER IN *ULY VIA A CONTRO VERSIAL FORFEIT COURTESY OF 'IANTS OWNER !NDREW &REEDMAN )N A NORMAL YEAR WINS WOULD HAVE RESTORED THE /RIOLES TO THE TOP RUNG AND GIVEN (ANLON HIS FOURTH PENNANT IN lVE SEASONS "UT WAS AN EXTRAORDINARY YEAR "OSTON BY A MARGIN OF ONLY ONE VIC TORY MISSED BECOMING THE lRST TEAM EVER TO HAVE FOUR GAME WIN NERS !S IT WAS 3ELEES FOUR MAN ROTATION ACCOUNTED FOR ALL BUT ONE OF THE "EANEATERS WINS AND FOR OF THE TEAMS DECISIONS 9ET "OSTON DID NOT BY ANY MEANS HAVE THE RACE TO ITSELF #INCINNATI WITH THE lRST SUCCESSFUL lVE MAN PITCHING ROTATION YET SEEN AND STILL THE BEST KEYSTONE PAIRING IN "ID -C0HEE AND 4OMMY #ORCORAN OC CUPIED ST PLACE FROM -AY TO THE AFTERNOON OF !UGUST WHEN THE "EANEATERS lNALLY CREPT AHEAD 4HE 2EDS MORE COMMONLY KNOWN AS THE "RAVES IN RECOVERED THE LEAD NEAR THE END OF THE MONTH BUT FOR A FEW DAYS ONLY AND AFTER THAT "OSTON TOOK CHARGE 3TILL (ANLONS /RIOLES HUNG RIGHT ON 3ELEES
+ID .ICHOLS TOUTED BOWLING AS THE BEST EXERCISE THERE WAS FOR A PITCHER BECAUSE IT TRAINED BOTH HIS EYE AND ARM )N THE OFF SEASON .ICHOLS WAS THE STAR BOWLER ON HIS TEAM IN THE TOP LEAGUE IN +ANSAS #ITY "OWLING WAS AN ENORMOUSLY POPULAR SPORT IN THE S AND SCARCELY NEEDED .ICHOLSS ENDORSEMENT BUT IT COULDNT HAVE HURT .ICHOLS WON GAMES IN THE DECADE OF THE S )T OUGHT TO HAVE BEEN /N 3EPTEMBER AT 7ASHINGTON .ICHOLS WAS DESIGNATED "OSTONS STARTING PITCHER ON &RANK 3ELEES LINEUP CARD )N THE TOP OF THE lRST INNING .ICHOLS SINGLED AND SCORED A RUN AS THE "EANEATERS MORE THAN BATTED AROUND AND TALLIED RUNS "EFORE "OSTON TOOK THE lELD 3ELEE REMOVED .ICHOLS IN FAVOR OF "ILL 9ERRICK JUST UP FROM 0ORTLAND -AINE AND THE ROOKIE GOT AN EASY WIN "Y TODAYS RULES .ICHOLS COULD NOT HAVE BEEN REPLACED UNTIL HED PITCHED TO AT LEAST ONE BATTER 9ERRICK MEANWHILE WAS CREDITED WITH A COMPLETE GAME EVEN THOUGH HE WAS NOT THE OFlCIAL STARTING PITCHER
TAIL UNTIL THE lRST WEEK IN /CTOBER WHEN THE TWO TITANS MET IN A THREE GAME SERIES AT "OSTON !FTER THE "EANEATERS WON THE lRST TWO ROUNDS THE THIRD WAS RAINED OUT KILLING "ALTIMORES LAST HOPE OF CATCHING UP 7HEN THE SEASON ENDED ON /CTOBER THE /RIOLES HAD SLIPPED TO SIX GAMES OFF THE PACE .EVERTHELESS (ANLON COULD LOOK BACK UPON THE PAST lVE YEARS AT A TEAM THAT HAD PLAYED BALL THE HIGHEST WINNING PERCENTAGE EVER BY ANY MAJOR LEAGUE CLUB OVER A COMPARABLE SPAN (E MIGHT ALSO HAVE LIKED TO LOOK AHEAD TO A FORTHCOMING 4EMPLE #UP BATTLE WITH "OSTON BUT IN THAT WISH HE WOULD HAVE BEEN ALONE !FTER THE PREVIOUS YEARS POSTSEASON DEBACLE THE "EANEATERS WERE WELL SATISlED JUST TO TAKE THEIR HARD WON PENNANT HOME FOR THE WINTER
MNF
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4(% 3%!3/.!, 2%#/2$ ' 7 , 0CT ( 2 '" !TTENDANCE "OSTON "EANEATERS "ALTIMORE /RIOLES #INCINNATI "RAVES #HICAGO /RPHANS #LEVELAND )NDIANS 0HILADELPHIA 0HILLIES .EW 9ORK 'IANTS 0ITTSBURGH 0ATRIOTS ,OUISVILLE #OLONELS "ROOKLYN 4ROLLEY $ODGERS 7ASHINGTON .ATIONALS 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS
"OS "AL #IN #HI #LE 0HI .9 0IT ,OU "RO 7AS 3T, 4OT "OSTON "ALTIMORE #INCINNATI #HICAGO #LEVELAND 0HILADELPHIA .EW 9ORK 0ITTSBURGH ,OUISVILLE "ROOKLYN 7ASHINGTON 3T ,OUIS
3%!3/. ,%!$%23 "ATTING !VERAGE !"S 3LUGGING !VERAGE
/N "ASE 0ERCENTAGE
+EELER "ALTIMORE (AMILTON "OSTON -C'RAW "ALTIMORE % 3MITH #INCINNATI "URKETT #LEVELAND
!NDERSON "ROOK 7ASH #OLLINS "OSTON ,AJOIE 0HILADELPHIA $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA (AMILTON "OSTON
(AMILTON "OSTON -C'RAW "ALTIMORE *ENNINGS "ALTIMORE &LICK 0HILADELPHIA $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA
4OTAL "ASES
(OME 2UNS
2")
#OLLINS "OSTON ,AJOIE 0HILADELPHIA 6AN (ALTREN .EW 9ORK !NDERSON "ROOK 7ASH #OOLEY 0HILADELPHIA
#OLLINS "OSTON *OYCE .EW 9ORK ( 7AGNER ,OUISVILLE !NDERSON "ROOK 7ASH -C+EAN #LEVELAND
,AJOIE 0HILADELPHIA #OLLINS "OSTON +ELLEY "ALTIMORE $UFFY "OSTON -C'ANN "ALTIMORE
(ITS
2UNS
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NFG
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4O HALT THE OFFENSIVE DECLINE AND ENCOURAGE VENTURESOME BASE RUNNING RULESMAKERS IMPOSED A NEW RESTRICTION ON PITCHERS PRIOR TO THE SEASON MANDATING UMPIRES TO CHARGE THEM WITH A BALK WHENEVER THEY THREW TO A BASE IN A PICKOFF ATTEMPT WITHOUT lRST PALPABLY STEPPING TOWARD THAT BASE "ETWEEN THIS RESTRAINT AND THE AMENDMENTS TO THE BALK RULE THAT HAD BEEN INTRODUCED THE PREVIOUS YEAR ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION PLAYERS STOLE NEARLY MORE BASES IN THAN IN -ORE HELP CAME FOR THE OFFENSE FROM OTHER NEW RULES REQUIRING A CATCHER TO STAND WITHIN THE MARKED LINES OF HIS POSITION WHENEVER THE PITCHER DELIVERED THE BALL TO THE BATTER AND AWARDING A BATTER HIS BASE IF A CATCHER INTERFERED WITH HIS ATTEMPT TO SWING AT A PITCH BY hTIPPINGv HIS BAT 3EEMINGLY THE RULESMAKERS ACHIEVED THEIR GOAL )N THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION BATTING AVER AGE JUMPED POINTS AND SCORING INCREASED SOME 4HESE lGURES ARE MISLEADING HOWEVER FOR MUCH OF THE OFFENSIVE HIKE STEMMED FROM THE DEFENSIVE INEPTNESS OF ONE TEAM#LEVELAND WHICH SURRENDERED RUNS TO SHATTER ALL EXISTING RECORDS )N TRUTH IT WAS NOT ANY CHANGE IN BASEBALLS RULES BUT A CHANGE IN ITS CORPORATE STRUCTURE THAT PROMOTED THE MOMENTARY OFFENSIVE REVIVAL 4HE SEASON WILL ALWAYS BE HIGHLIGHTED BY THE INmUENCE OF hSYNDICATE BASEBALLv TWO OR MORE CLUBS WITH COMMON OWNERSHIPON ITS END RESULT 3YNDICATE BASEBALL WAS NOT REALLY NEW IN EVER SINCE SEVERAL CLUB OWNERS INCLUDING *OHN "RUSH !L 3PALDING AND !RTHUR 3ODEN HAD OWNED STOCK IN THE .EW 9ORK 'IANTS AS WELL AS IN THEIR OWN TEAMS AND 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS OWNER #HRIS 6ON DER !HE HAD PREVIOUSLY OWNED A PIECE OF SEVERAL OTHER !MERI CAN !SSOCIATION TEAMS IF ONLY TO HELP KEEP THEM AmOAT "UT YOKING TWO DIFFERENT CLUBS UNDER THE SAME MANAGEMENT WAS A CONCEPT THAT HAD NOT BEEN PART OF THE MAJOR LEAGUE SCENE SINCE THE MID S WHEN THE -ETROPOLITAN %XHIBITION #OMPANY HAD OWNED BOTH THE .EW 9ORK -ETS AND 'IANTS )T WAS lRST REINTRODUCED BY &ERD !BELL ONE OF THE TWO GAMBLING CASINO PARTNERS WHO HAD OWNED THE "ROOKLYN FRANCHISE EVER SINCE ITS INCEPTION IN .EEDING lNANCIAL HELP WHEN HIS ASSOCIATE #HARLIE "YRNE DIED IN !BELL INITIALLY EXPLORED THE POSSIBILITY OF COM NFH
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\eh\[_j _l 4HE LAST FORFEIT GAME IN THE TEAM ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION COINCIDED WITH THE LAST DAY "ALTIMORE WAS AFlLIATED WITH THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE AND *OHN -C'RAWS lRST OF MANY FORFEIT LOSSES AS A MANAGER "ALTIMORE WAS AT "ROOKLYN ON /CTOBER THE SEASONS CLOSING DAY WITH -C'RAW PITTED AGAINST HIS OLD /RIOLES BOSS .ED (ANLON )N THE SECOND INNING UMPIRE *OHN (UNT TOSSED /RIOLES OUTlELDER *IMMY 3HECKARD FOR ARGUING AN OUT CALL ON A STEAL ATTEMPT TOO VEHEMENTLY 7HEN 3HECK ARD IGNORED THE EJECTION AND TRIED TO TAKE HIS PLACE IN THE lELD AFTER THE /RIOLES WERE RETIRED (UNT ORDERED -C'RAW TO REMOVE HIS OUTlELDER FROM THE GAME -C'RAW REFUSED COMPELLING (UNT TO FORFEIT THE GAME TO "ROOKLYN 4O PLACATE THE ANGRY CROWD -C'RAW AND (ANLON THEN AGREED TO PLAY A MAKEUP GAME FOR AN EARLY SEASON POSTPONEMENT IT WAS CALLED BY DARKNESS AFTER lVE INNINGS WITH "ROOKLYN COMFORTABLY AHEAD 4HE GIFT hDOUBLEHEADERv VICTORY GAVE "ROOKLYN A WINNING PER CENTAGE WHICH IS STILL THE FRANCHISE RECORD
BINING HIS 4ROLLEY $ODGERS WITH "ALTIMORE OWNER (ENRY 6ON DER (ORSTS /RIOLES !FTER 6ON DER (ORST REBUFFED HIM !BELL NEXT APPROACHED &REDERICK 2OBISON WHO OWNED THE #LEVELAND CLUB JOINTLY WITH HIS BROTHER 3TANLEY 7HEN IT APPEARED THAT 2OBISON MIGHT WELCOME THE IDEA 6ON DER (ORST TOLD 3PORTING ,IFE EDITOR &RANCIS 2ICHTER h2OBISON HAS A GREAT TEAM AND A WORTHLESS FRANCHISE !BELL HAS A VALUABLE PLANT AND NO TEAM 4HESE ELEMENTS COMBINED WOULD DEVELOP A WINNER THAT WOULD BE OF IMMENSE lNANCIAL PROlT AS "ROOKLYN PATRONS ARE HUNGRY FOR GOOD BASE BALLv 6ON DER (ORST THEN REALIZED THAT IF WHAT HE SAID WAS TRUE HE WAS A FOOL FOR PASSING UP A GOLDEN OPPORTUNITY 3ENSING THAT 2OBISON WAS ABOUT TO LEAP AT !BELLS OFFER HE GRABBED IT HIMSELF 2OBISON AND HIS BROTHER THEN CAST LONGING EYES ON THE 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATIONS MOST MORIBUND TEAM DESPITE BEING BASED IN THE NATIONS FOURTH LARGEST CITY AT THE TIME ! FEW WEEKS PRIOR TO THE SEASON THE 2OBISONS AFTER A SERIES OF CONVOLUTED NEGOTIATIONS GAINED CONTROLLING INTEREST IN THE "ROWNS AND BEGAN DRESSING ALL OF #LEVELANDS BEST PLAYERS IN 3T ,OUIS LIVERY 4HE RAPE STRIPPED #LEVELAND TO A HANDFUL OF ITS BENCHWARMERS WHICH THE 2OBISONS SUPPLEMENTED WITH UNDISTINGUISHED MINOR LEAGUERS REJECTS FROM OTHER ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION TEAMS AND FAST FADING VETERANS HOPING TO HANG ON FOR ONE LAST SEASON "UT THE 2OBISONS NEVER IMAGINED THEIR #LEVELAND ENTRY WOULD BE SO WRETCHED $UBBED THE %XILES AFTER BEING FORCED TO PLAY ALL ITS GAMES ON THE ROAD BY ALL BUT NONEXISTENT HOME ATTENDANCE lGURES #LEVELAND LOST GAMES HAD NO PITCHERS WHO LOGGED MORE THAN FOUR VICTORIES AND lNISHED GAMES OUT OF ST PLACE !LL ARE MAJOR LEAGUE RECORDS FOR FUTILITY
NFI
NFJ
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\eh mWdj e\ W i^ehjijef ,OUISVILLE WAS ON THE RISE IN /NLY "ERT #UNNINGHAMS SAG TO WINS AFTER REGISTERING THE PREVIOUS YEAR AND A MID *UNE BEANING THAT SIDELINED SHORTSTOP "ILLY #LINGMAN FOR A LONG STRETCH KEPT THE #OLONELS BELOW &OLLOWING #LINGMANS INJURY MANAGER &RED #LARKE BROUGHT #HARLIE $EXTER IN FROM THE OUTlELD FOR TWO DAYS TO MAN SHORT WHILE AWAITING THE ARRIVAL OF ROOKIE 2UDY (ULSWITT FROM 3YRACUSE OF THE %ASTERN ,EAGUE "UT AFTER (ULSWITT MADE FOUR QUICK ERRORS IN HIS BIG LEAGUE DEBUT ON *UNE #LARKE THREW PITCHER 7ALT 7OODS INTO THE BREACH 4HE FOLLOWING DAY #HRISTOPHER "AYER A CONVERTED CATCHER WHO PLAYED AS "URLEY "YERS GOT THE ASSIGNMENT BUT ONLY LONG ENOUGH TO MAKE TWO ERRORS AND GO HITLESS IN THREE AT BATS #LARKES NEXT SHORTSTOP FOR A DAY WAS LEFTY "OB ,ANGSFORD A CAREER MINOR LEAGUER WHO HAD BEEN hTHROWN OUT OF WORK BY THE DISBANDING OF THE 3OUTHERN ,EAGUEv !LTHOUGH ,ANGSFORD HANDLED lVE CHANCES mAWLESSLY HE WAS SO BADLY OVERMATCHED AT THE PLATE THAT #LARKE IN DESPERATION PLAYED SHORT HIMSELF ON *UNE "EFORE #LINGMAN WAS ABLE TO RETURN TO ACTION SECOND BASEMAN #LAUDE 2ITCHEY AND THIRD BASEMAN 4OMMY ,EACH ALSO TRIED THEIR HANDS AT HIS JOB )N ALL THE #OLONELS USED DIFFER ENT SHORTSTOPS IN INCLUDING TWO PITCHERS 7OODS AND #UNNINGHAM "Y THE END OF THE SEASON EVERY TEAM MEMBER WHO GOT INTO AT LEAST HALF OF THE #OLONELS GAMES HAD TAKEN HIS SHOT AT THE POSI TION EXCEPT CENTERlELDER $UMMY (OY WHO NEVER PLAYED A SINGLE DAY AT SHORT IN HIS YEAR MAJOR LEAGUE CAREER AND A MAN WHO WOULD PLAY hONLYv GAMES AT SHORT IN HIS YEAR CAREER (IS NAME WAS (ONUS 7AGNER AND IN #LARKE WHOSE REPUTED MANAGERIAL ACUMEN HELPED WIN HIM A PLAQUE IN #OOPERSTOWN HAD HIM PLAY EVERYWHERE ELSE IN THE OUTlELD AND THE INlELD BUT SHORTSTOP
2ILED BY SLUMPING ATTENDANCE lGURES IN "ALTIMORE 6ON DER (ORST HAD A SIMILAR PLAN FOR HIS /RIOLES (AD MATTERS GONE AS 6ON DER (ORST INTENDED "ALTIMORE IN ALL LIKELIHOOD WOULD HAVE BEEN NEARLY AS DISMAL A TEAM AS #LEVELAND IN "UT 6ON DER (ORST WAS THWARTED WHEN THIRD BASEMAN *OHN -C'RAW AND CATCHER 7ILBERT 2OBINSON REFUSED TO ACCOMPANY MANAGER .ED (ANLON 7ILLIE +EELER *OE +ELLEY (UGHIE *ENNINGS $OC -C*AMES AND SEVERAL OTHER /RIOLES STARS TO "ROOKLYN BECAUSE THEY HAD DEVELOPED BUSINESS INTERESTS IN "ALTIMORE -C'RAW WHO HAD ALSO RECENTLY MARRIED A "ALTIMORE WOMAN WON 6ON DER (ORSTS GRUDGING PERMISSION TO STAY BEHIND AND MANAGE THE /RIOLES 'IVEN THIS REPRIEVE -C'RAW THEN SET ABOUT REBUILDING "ALTIMORE 3HREWD TRADES THE EMERGENCE OF *OE -C'INNITY AS "ALTIMORES lFTH ROOKIE PITCHING SENSATION IN lVE YEARS AND -C'RAWS OWN STELLAR PLAY KEPT THE /RIOLES IN THE lRST DIVISION ALL SEASON "UT NOT EVEN -C'RAWS INSPIRATION COULD MATCH THE TEAM (ANLON lELDED BY COMBINING HIS EX /RIOLES WITH SUCH "ROOKLYN STALWARTS AS &IELDER *ONES h2OARING "ILLv +ENNEDY AND 4OM $ALY *ENNINGSS AILING ARM LEFT (ANLON MOMENTARILY WITHOUT A SHORTSTOP BUT HE SIDESTEPPED
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NFK
j^[ GNOFi Wjj[dZWdY[ b[WZ[h )N THE YEAR PERIOD BETWEEN AND THE #INCINNATI 2EDS LED THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE IN AT TENDANCE TWICE AND THE .EW 9ORK 'IANTS ALSO WON THE ATTENDANCE BATTLE TWICE AND AND #HICAGO DREW THE TOP NUMBER ONCE IN 4HE PACESETTER IN EACH OF THE OTHER SIX SEASONS WAS THE 0HILADELPHIA 0HILLIES WHICH ENTERED THE NEW CENTURY STILL IN SEARCH OF THEIR lRST PENNANT 4HE 0HILLIES WERE PERENNIAL CONTENDERS ALL DURING THE S THOUGH SO MAYBE THERE WAS A LESSON HERE OF SOME SORT 7AS IT THE 0HILLIES IN THOSE YEARS THAT TAUGHT A CERTAIN MAN NAMED #ONNIE -ACK THEN IN 0ITTSBURGH WHO LATER MANAGED FOR HALF A CENTURY IN 0HILADELPHIA THAT THE IDEAL TEAM FROM A BOX OFlCE STANDPOINTOR SO HE SAIDWAS ONE THAT WAS A PERENNIAL CONTENDER BUT NEVER QUITE WON
THAT OBSTACLE BY SWAPPING 'ENE $EMONTREVILLE TO #HICAGO FOR "ILL $AHLEN AND WHEN -C'RAWS WIFE DIED IN LATE !UGUST OF A RUPTURED APPENDIX REMOVING "ALTIMORES SPARK PLUG FROM THE LINEUP FOR THREE WEEKS "ROOKLYN ENDED THE MONTH WITH A NINE AND A HALF GAME BULGE ON THE /RIOLES AND A SIX GAME CUSHION OVER THE ND PLACE "OSTON "EANEATERS "ROOKLYNS LEAD WAS SO PROHIBITIVE THAT THE CLOSING WEEKS OF THE SEASON WERE JUST A FORMALITY IN EVERY CITY BUT ,OUISVILLE "UILDING ON THEIR BEST ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION lNISH TO DATE THE PREVIOUS YEAR THE #OLONELS PLAYED BALL IN 3EPTEMBER AND ENDED THE CAMPAIGN ONLY TWO GAMES BELOW "UT EVEN )N HIS lRST YEAR AS A MANAGER *OHN -C'RAW HAD "ALTIMORE WITH (ONUS 7AGNER &RED #LARKE AND $UMMY (OY SPUR IN THE THICK OF THE PENNANT RACE UNTIL LATE !UGUST WHEN RING A BEST EVER TEAM BATTING AVERAGE AND ROOKIE $EACON HIS WIFE DIED FOLLOWING AN APPENDECTOMY $URING HIS ABSENCE THE TEAM FELL APART AND IT WAS LITTLE WONDER 4HE /RIOLES WERE 0HILLIPPE BAGGING WINS ,OUISVILLE COULD NOT SURMOUNT THE MISSING NOT ONLY THEIR MANAGER BUT THEIR BEST PLAYER )N -C'RAW LED THE ,! IN RUNS EVEN THOUGH HE MISSED MORE THAN SAME HURDLE THAT TRIPPED EVERY OTHER ALSO RAN IN /F ITS A QUARTER OF THE SEASON (E ALSO SET POST RECORDS FOR THE SEASON SERIES WITH RIVAL CLUBS "ROOKLYN WON ALL $EFEND MOST RUNS ON FEWER THAN TOTAL BASES AND THE MOST RUNS WITH FEWER THAN 2") ING CHAMPION "OSTON GAVE "ROOKLYN A CRISP BATTLE FOR A WHILE BUT EVENTUALLY SUCCUMBED EIGHT TIMES IN OUTINGS ALTHOUGH THE "EANEATERS ACE 6IC 7ILLIS WON FOUR OF lVE ATTEMPTS AGAINST (ANLONS CREW )NDEED 7ILLIS AND #HICAGOS *IMMY #ALLAHAN WITH THREE WINS WERE THE ONLY TWIRLERS TO TAKE "ROOKLYNS MEASURE MORE THAN TWICE IN 6ON DER (ORSTS AND !BELLS SCHEME WAS A SUCCESS BOTH ARTISTICALLY AND lNANCIALLY "ROOKLYN DREW JUST UNDER MORE THAN DOUBLING ITS ATTENDANCE 4HE 2OBISON BROTHERS EVEN WITH A
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DISAPPOINTING TH PLACE TEAM EXPERIENCED A SIMILAR BOOM IN 3T ,OUIS AS THE TRANSFERRED TALENT FROM #LEVELAND BROUGHT A GATE INCREASE OF MORE THAN "ALTIMORE AND #LEVELAND HAD TO STOMACH SEVERE ATTENDANCE DROPS HOWEVER AS DID 7ASHINGTON WITH A CALAMITOUS TEAM THAT IN ANY ORDINARY YEAR WOULD HAVE lNISHED LAST AND NOT EVEN THE #OLONELS LATE SURGE COULD PREVENT A GATE DECREASE OF AROUND IN ,OUISVILLE AS WELL 7ITH .EW 9ORK 'IANTS OWNER !NDREW &REEDMAN LEADING THE CHARGE A MOVEMENT TO REDUCE THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION TO EIGHT TEAMS BEGAN AS SOON AS THE SEASON ENDED AND CULMINATED IN -ARCH WHEN THREE OF THE FOUR LEGACIES FROM THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION"ALTIMORE ,OUISVILLE AND 7ASHINGTONWERE TARGETED FOR ELIMINATION ALONG WITH #LEVELAND WHICH HAD IN EFFECT GIVEN ITS .ATIONAL ,EAGUE BLOOD TO 3T ,OUIS THE FOURTH !SSOCIATION LEGACY 3O IT HAPPENED THAT THE UNWIELDY TEAM LOOP WAS lNALLY JUDGED A FAILURE AND COULD RETURN TO CALLING ITSELF SIMPLY THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE 4HE EIGHT REMAINING TEAMS ABSORBED
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NFM
ed[C]Wc[h _l 4HE SEASON SAW A RASH OF PITCHERS WHO DISAPPEARED AFTER WINNING THEIR lRST AND ONLY MA JOR LEAGUE STARTS BUT NONE WAS MORE MYSTERIOUSOR MORE EFFECTIVETHAN "ILLY 'ING #HOSEN BY MANAGER &RANK 3ELEE TO HURL "OSTONS lNAL GAME OF THE SEASON AT .EW 9ORK 'ING JUST UP FROM .EW ,ONDON OF THE #ONNECTICUT ,EAGUE WON A NAIL BITER CALLED BY DARKNESS AFTER EIGHT IN NINGS 3PORTING ,IFES CORRESPONDENT REPORTED h4HE 'IANTS COULD DO NOTHING WITH 'ING OF .EW ,ONDON AND BARELY AVERTED A SHUT OUTv 'ING WAS THE LAST MAN IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY TO HURL A COMPLETE GAME WIN IN HIS ONLY MAJOR LEAGUE APPEARANCE ! LIST OF NINETEENTH CENTURY PITCHERS WHO MATCHED 'INGS FEAT AT THE v DISTANCE
$ATE
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+
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%2!
'EORGE 3TULTZ
3EPT
"OS ,!
+ING "AILEY
3EPT
#IN ,!
3KEL 2OACH
!UG
#HI ,!
#LAY &AUVER
3EPT
,OU ,!
"ILLY 'ING
3EPT
"OS ,!
4HE %2!S ARE MISLEADING .EITHER 3TULTZ NOR &AUVER PITCHED A SHUTOUT &AUVER ACTUALLY GAVE UP FOUR RUNS AND 3TULTZ TWO ALBEIT ALL WERE UNEARNED
MOST OF THE QUALITY PLAYERS FROM THE FOUR FOLDING FRANCHISES BUT MANY VET ERANS LIKE $UMMY (OY AND SLUGGING LEADER *OHN !NDERSON WERE FORCED TO SEEK BERTHS IN THE MINOR LEAGUES WHEN THERE WAS NO LONGER ENOUGH ROOM TO ACCOMMODATE THEM 7AITING EAGERLY TO SCOOP THEM UP WAS "AN *OHNSON PRESIDENT OF THE 7ESTERN ,EAGUE !NTICIPATING THAT THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE WOULD SEVERE THE LAST LINK WITH THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION BY DROPPING ITS NAME ALONG WITH ITS TEAMS IN THE FALL OF *OHNSON LED A CRUSADE TO CHANGE THE TITLE OF HIS CIRCUIT TO THE !MERICAN ,EAGUE AND ALMOST IMMEDIATELY BEGAN CLAIMING MAJOR LEAGUE STATUS FOR IT *OHNSONS APPETITE ALSO EXTENDED TO THE FOUR CITIES THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE HAD ABANDONED (E SATISlED HIMSELF FOR THE MOMENT WITH ANNEXING #LEVELAND FOR HIS NEW LOOP lNESSING #HICAGO 4OMMY 4UCKER HAD MORE 2") IN THAN *OHN -C'RAW TO /RPHANS PRESIDENT *IM (ART INTO GRANTING HIM PERMISSION TO BUT COLLECTED ONLY TOTAL BASES IN GAMES AND SCORED INSTALL AN !MERICAN ,EAGUE TEAM IN #HICAGO AND THEN ABET JUST RUNS )N THE lNAL SEASON OF WHAT SEVERAL YEARS EARLIER HAD SEEMED AN ILLUSTRIOUS CAREER 4UCKER WAS JUST PLAYING OUT TING #HARLIE #OMISKEY IN MOVING HIS 3T 0AUL FRANCHISE TO THE THE STRING (E LEFT THE TEAM ABOUT A MONTH BEFORE THE SEASON ENDED FORCING THE 3PIDERS TO PLAY ROOKIE CATCHER 7HITEY $UNCAN AT lRST BASE 'IVEN THE LACK OF ÏLAN 4UCKER DISPLAYED THAT YEAR IT 7INDY #ITY IS DOUBTFUL THAT ANY FANS IN SAW HIM PERFORM HIS PATENTED SWAN DIVE TRICK 4UCKER WAS NOTORIOUS FOR FALLING HEAVILY ON A BASE RUNNER WHENEVER A PICKOFF THROW ELUDED HIM MAKING IT IMPOSSIBLE FOR THE RUNNER TO ADVANCE
NFN
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4(% 3%!3/.!, 2%#/2$ ' 7 , 0CT ( 2 '" !TTENDANCE "ROOKLYN 3UPERBAS "OSTON "EANEATERS 0HILADELPHIA 0HILLIES "ALTIMORE /RIOLES 3T ,OUIS 0ERFECTOS #INCINNATI 2EDS 0ITTSBURGH 0IRATES #HICAGO /RPHANS ,OUISVILLE #OLONELS .EW 9ORK 'IANTS 7ASHINGTON .ATIONALS #LEVELAND %XILES
"RO "OS 0HI "AL 3T, #IN 0IT #HI ,OU .9 7AS #LE 4OT "ROOKLYN "OSTON 0HILADELPHIA "ALTIMORE 3T ,OUIS #INCINNATI 0ITTSBURGH #HICAGO ,OUISVILLE .EW 9ORK 7ASHINGTON #LEVELAND
3%!3/. ,%!$%23 "ATTING !VERAGE !"S 3LUGGING !VERAGE
/N "ASE 0ERCENTAGE
$ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA "URKETT 3T ,OUIS -C'RAW "ALTIMORE +EELER "ROOKLYN 7ILLIAMS 0ITTSBURGH
-C'RAW "ALTIMORE $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA "URKETT 3T ,OUIS 4HOMAS 0HILADELPHIA 3TAHL "OSTON
$ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA &REEMAN 7ASHINGTON 7ILLIAMS 0ITTSBURGH 7AGNER ,OUISVILLE "URKETT 3T ,OUIS
/NLY !"S BUT QUALIlED BECAUSE HE HAD OVER PLATE APPEARANCES
4OTAL "ASES
(OME 2UNS
2")
$ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA &REEMAN 7ASHINGTON 7ILLIAMS 0ITTSBURGH 7AGNER ,OUISVILLE 3TAHL "OSTON
&REEMAN 7ASHINGTON 7ALLACE 3T ,OUIS 7ILLIAMS 0ITTSBURGH $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA -ERTES #HICAGO
$ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA &REEMAN 7ASHINGTON 7ILLIAMS 0ITTSBURGH 7AGNER ,OUISVILLE 7ALLACE 3T ,OUIS
(ITS
2UNS
"ASES ON "ALLS
$ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA "URKETT 3T ,OUIS 7ILLIAMS 0ITTSBURGH +EELER "ROOKLYN 4ENNEY "OSTON
-C'RAW "ALTIMORE +EELER "ROOKLYN 4HOMAS 0HILADELPHIA $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA 7ILLIAMS 0ITTSBURGH
-C'RAW "ALTIMORE 4HOMAS 0HILADELPHIA 6AN (ALTREN .EW 9ORK #HILDS #LEVELAND 3TAHL "OSTON (AMILTON "OSTON
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3TOLEN "ASES
(IT "Y 0ITCH
3ACRIlCE (ITS
3HECKARD "ALTIMORE -C'RAW "ALTIMORE (EIDRICK 3T ,OUIS (OLMES "ALTIMORE & #LARKE ,OUISVILLE
-C'ANN "ROOK 7ASH "RODIE "ALTIMORE *ENNINGS "ROOKLYN 3HECKARD "ALTIMORE &REEMAN 7ASHINGTON
%LY 0ITTSBURGH * -C#ARTHY 0ITTSBURGH - #ROSS 0HILADELPHIA ,ONG "OSTON 4HOMAS 0HILADELPHIA
/03 $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA -C'RAW "ALTIMORE "URKETT 3T ,OUIS 7ILLIAMS 0ITTSBURGH &REEMAN 7ASHINGTON
7INS
,OSSES
-C'INNITY "ALTIMORE (UGHES "ROOKLYN 7ILLIS "OSTON 9OUNG 3T ,OUIS 4ANNEHILL 0ITTSBURGH
(UGHEY #LEVELAND #ARRICK .EW 9ORK ,EEVER 0ITTSBURGH +NEPPER #LEVELAND 7EYHING 7ASHINGTON *ACK 7 4AYLOR #HICAGO
,EEVER 0ITTSBURGH 0OWELL 3T ,OUIS 9OUNG 3T ,OUIS -C'INNITY "ALTIMORE #ARRICK .EW 9ORK
#OMPLETE 'AMES
0)4#().' )NNINGS
3TRIKEOUTS
7INNING 0ERCENTAGE DECISIONS
9OUNG 3T ,OUIS 0OWELL 3T ,OUIS #ARRICK .EW 9ORK *ACK 7 4AYLOR #HICAGO -C'INNITY "ALTIMORE
(AHN #INCINNATI 3EYMOUR #INCINNATI ,EEVER 0ITTSBURGH 7ILLIS "OSTON $OHENY .EW 9ORK
(UGHES "ROOKLYN 7ILLIS "OSTON (AHN #INCINNATI $ONAHUE 0HILADELPHIA +ENNEDY "ROOKLYN
%2! INNINGS
,OWEST //"0
,OWEST /"!
7ILLIS "OSTON 9OUNG 3T ,OUIS -C'INNITY "ALTIMORE (AHN #INCINNATI (UGHES "ROOKLYN
9OUNG 3T ,OUIS (AHN #INCINNATI .ICHOLS "OSTON 7ILLIS "OSTON +ITSON "ALTIMORE
7ILLIS "OSTON (UGHES "ROOKLYN (AHN #INCINNATI 3EYMOUR .EW 9ORK ,EEVER 0ITTSBURGH
&)%,$).' 0UTOUTS
!SSISTS
&IELDING !VERAGE
" %VERETT #HICAGO 4ENNEY "OSTON -C'ANN "ROOKLYN 7ASH
4ENNEY "OSTON %VERETT #HICAGO "ECKLEY #INCINNATI
-C'ANN "ROOKLYN 7ASH "ECKLEY #INCINNATI ,A#HANCE "ALTIMORE
" 'LEASON .EW 9ORK $ALY "ROOKLYN ,OWE "OSTON
'LEASON .EW 9ORK ,OWE "OSTON $ALY "ROOKLYN
1UINN #LEVELAND -C0HEE #INCINNATI ,OWE "OSTON
" 7ILLIAMS 0ITTSBURGH , #ROSS #LEVELAND 3T, #OLLINS "OSTON
#OLLINS "OSTON , #ROSS #LEVELAND 3T, 7ILLIAMS 0ITTSBURGH
, #ROSS #LEVELAND 3T, -C'RAW "ALTIMORE #OLLINS "OSTON
NFO
NGF
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0UTOUTS
!SSISTS
&IELDING !VERAGE
33 - #ROSS 0HILADELPHIA ,ONG "OSTON ,OCHHEAD #LEVELAND
- #ROSS 0HILADELPHIA ,OCHHEAD #LEVELAND %LY 0ITTSBURGH
$AVIS .EW 9ORK $AHLEN "ROOKLYN #ORCORAN #INCINNATI
2& 3HECKARD "ALTIMORE 3TAHL "OSTON &LICK 0HILADELPHIA
(EIDRICK 3T ,OUIS 3HECKARD "ALTIMORE 3TAHL "OSTON
+EELER "ROOKLYN 3TAHL "OSTON 'REEN #HICAGO
#& 3LAGLE 7ASHINGTON $OWD #LEVELAND (OY ,OUISVILLE
6AN (ALTREN .EW 9ORK 4HOMAS 0HILADELPHIA (OY ,OUISVILLE
"RODIE "ALTIMORE $OWD #LEVELAND 4HOMAS 0HILADELPHIA
,& 3ELBACH #INCINNATI $UFFY "OSTON & #LARKE ,OUISVILLE
(ARLEY #LEVELAND 3ELBACH #INCINNATI $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA +ELLEY "ROOKLYN
+ELLEY "ROOKLYN $UFFY "OSTON $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA
# 0EITZ #INCINNATI -C'UIRE 7ASHINGTON "ROOK 7ARNER .EW 9ORK
"OWERMAN 0ITTSBURGH -C'UIRE 7ASHINGTON "ROOK -C&ARLAND 0HILADELPHIA
:IMMER #LEVELAND ,OUIS 0EITZ #INCINNATI -C'UIRE 7ASHINGTON "ROOK
0 #UNNINGHAM ,OUISVILLE .ICHOLS "OSTON * 7 4AYLOR #HICAGO &RASER 0HILADELPHIA
9OUNG 3T ,OUIS 'RIFlTH #HICAGO #UNNINGHAM ,OUISVILLE ,EEVER 0ITTSBURGH
+ITSON "ALTIMORE 7OODS ,OUISVILLE $UNN "ROOKLYN
$OUBLE 0LAYS
%RRORS
4#'AME
" 4ENNEY "OSTON %VERETT #HICAGO -C'ANN "ROOKLYN 7ASH
%VERETT #HICAGO 4ENNEY "OSTON 4UCKER #LEVELAND
%VERETT #HICAGO 4ENNEY "OSTON ,A#HANCE "ALTIMORE
" $ALY "ROOKLYN ,OWE "OSTON 1UINN #LEVELAND
$ALY "ROOKLYN 2ITCHEY ,OUISVILLE 'LEASON .EW 9ORK
$ALY "ROOKLYN 'LEASON .EW 9ORK 2ITCHEY ,OUISVILLE
" , #ROSS #LEVELAND 3T, #OLLINS "OSTON #ASEY 7ASHINGTON "ROOK
7ILLIAMS 0ITTSBURGH ,AUDER 0HILADELPHIA 7OLVERTON #HICAGO
7ILLIAMS 0ITTSBURGH , #ROSS #LEVELAND 3T, #OLLINS "OSTON
33 ,ONG "OSTON $AVIS .EW 9ORK - #ROSS 0HILADELPHIA
- #ROSS 0HILADELPHIA ,OCHHEAD #LEVELAND -AGOON "ALTIMORE #HICAGO
$AVIS .EW 9ORK 7ALLACE 3T ,OUIS - #ROSS 0HILADELPHIA
2& 3HECKARD "ALTIMORE 'REEN #HICAGO &LICK 0HILADELPHIA
(EIDRICK 3T ,OUIS 3HECKARD "ALTIMORE &LICK 0HILADELPHIA
3HECKARD "ALTIMORE &LICK 0HILADELPHIA 3TAHL "OSTON
#& ,ANGE #HICAGO &OUR WITH
(OY ,OUISVILLE 6AN (ALTREN .EW 9ORK 3LAGLE 7ASHINGTON "EAUMONT 0ITTSBURGH
3LAGLE 7ASHINGTON "EAUMONT 0ITTSBURGH 4HOMAS 0HILADELPHIA
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$OUBLE 0LAYS
%RRORS
4#'AME
,& 3ELBACH #INCINNATI 4 /"RIEN .EW 9ORK +ELLEY "ROOKLYN (ARLEY #LEVELAND
(OLMES "ALTIMORE (ARLEY #LEVELAND * /"RIEN 7ASHINGTON
3ELBACH #INCINNATI (OLMES "ALTIMORE * /"RIEN 7ASHINGTON
7ARNER .EW 9ORK "OWERMAN 0ITTSBURGH "ERGEN "OSTON
# -C&ARLAND 0HILADELPHIA 4 $ONAHUE #HICAGO 3UGDEN #LEVELAND 3CHREGENGOST 3T ,OUIS #LEVE
"OWERMAN 0ITTSBURGH 7ARNER .EW 9ORK 3CHREGENGOST 3T ,OUIS #LEVE
,EADERS IN 0ASSED "ALLS -C&ARLAND 0HILADELPHIA 7ARNER .EW 9ORK "OWERMAN 0ITTSBURGH 0 * 7 4AYLOR #HICAGO 4ANNEHILL 0ITTSBURGH #ARRICK .EW 9ORK
3EYMOUR .EW 9ORK $OHENY .EW 9ORK (AHN #INCINNATI
X h e e a bo d
.ED (ANLON 7ASHINGTON 0ARK ))
3EYMOUR .EW 9ORK #UNNINGHAM ,OUISVILLE #ALLAHAN #HICAGO
' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3" ("0 3( "! 3! /"0 2& 7ILLIE +EELER ,& *OE +ELLEY " $OC #ASEY " 4OM $ALY 54 *OHN !NDERSON 33 "ILL $AHLEN #& &IELDER *ONES # $UKE &ARRELL 3UB (UGHIE *ENNINGS " $AN -C'ANN # $EACON -C'UIRE 0 *ACK $UNN 0 $OC -C*AMES 0 "ILL +ENNEDY 0 *AY (UGHES 3UB !LECK 3MITH 3UB :EKE 7RIGLEY 3UB *OHN 'RIM 0 *OE 9EAGER 3UB %RVE "ECK 3UB 0ETE #ASSIDY 0 "ILL $ONOVAN 0 !L -AUL 0 "ILL (ILL 0 "ILL 2EIDY 0 $AN -C&ARLAN 0 7ELCOME 'ASTON
"-C'ANN *ENNINGS !NDERSON "$ALY "ECK *ENNINGS 33$AHLEN 7RIGLEY *ENNINGS 9EAGER #ASSIDY "ECK $UNN "#ASEY $AHLEN #ASSIDY 7RIGLEY 9EAGER /&+ELLEY +EELER *ONES !NDERSON 9EAGER #&ARRELL -C'UIRE 3MITH 'RIM 0$UNN +ENNEDY -C*AMES (UGHES 9EAGER $ONOVAN -AUL 2EIDY (ILL 'ASTON -C&ARLAN
NGG
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0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! +ELLEY ,& $ALY " +EELER 2& #ASEY " $AHLEN 33 h " *ONES #& &ARRELL # !NDERSON #& h " -C'ANN "
*ENNINGS " h 33 -C'UIRE # $UNN 0 +ENNEDY 0 -C*AMES 0 (UGHES 0 3MITH # 7RIGLEY 33 'RIM # 9EAGER 33 h 0
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! (" 70 (2 *ACK $UNN *AY (UGHES "ILL +ENNEDY $OC -C*AMES *OE 9EAGER !, -AUL "ILL $ONOVAN "ILL (ILL "ILL 2EIDY $AN -C&ARLAN 7ELCOME 'ASTON FORFEIT 7S VS .EW 9ORK ON *UNE IN THE ST INNING WHEN CATCHER 7ILSON DELIBERATELY STEPPED ASIDE TO LET A PITCH BY 3EYMOUR HIT UMPIRE /YSTER "URNS AS A WAY OF PROTESTING AN EARLIER DECISION BY "URNS TO GIVE $OC #ASEY HIS BASE WHEN HE WAS HIT BY A 3EYMOUR PITCH VS "ALTIMORE ON /CT SEE &/2&%)4 )6
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' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3" ("0 3( "! 3! /"0 3UB 'ENERAL 3TAFFORD 3UB #HARLIE &RISBEE 0 +ID .ICHOLS 0 6IC 7ILLIS 0 4ED ,EWIS 3UB "ILLY 3ULLIVAN 0 0IANO ,EGS (ICKMAN 0 *OUETT -EEKIN 0 &RANK +ILLEN 0 (ARVEY "AILEY 3UB #HARLIE +UHNS 0 &RED +LOBEDANZ 3UB 'EORGE 9EAGER 0 /SCAR 3TREIT 3UB -IKE (ICKEY 0 -IKE 3ULLIVAN 3UB "ILL -ERRITT 0 "ILLY 'ING
"4ENNEY ,ONG (ICKMAN ",OWE 3TAFFORD (ICKEY 33,ONG 3TAFFORD ,OWE +UHNS "#OLLINS +UHNS /&3TAHL $UFFY (AMILTON 3TAFFORD &RISBEE (ICKMAN 9EAGER #"ERGEN #LARKE " 3ULLIVAN 9EAGER -ERRITT 0.ICHOLS 7ILLIS ,EWIS -EEKIN +ILLEN "AILEY (ICKMAN +LOBEDANZ 3TREIT - 3ULLIVAN 'ING 3TAHL
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! #OLLINS " 4ENNEY " ,OWE " 3TAHL 2& $UFFY ,& ,ONG 33 (AMILTON #& "ERGEN # #LARKE # .ICHOLS 0 7ILLIS 0 3TAFFORD #& &RISBEE #& ,EWIS 0 " 3ULLIVAN # -EEKIN 0 +ILLEN 0 "AILEY 0 (ICKMAN 0
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! (" 70 (2 +ID .ICHOLS 6IC 7ILLIS 4ED ,EWIS
NGI
NGJ
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' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! (" 70 (2 *OUETT -EEKIN &RANK +ILLEN (ARVEY "AILEY 0IANO ,EGS (ICKMAN &RED +LOBEDANZ /SCAR 3TREIT -IKE 3ULLIVAN "ILLY 'ING #HICK 3TAHL
.O HIT GAME VS 7ASHINGTON !UGUST
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"ILL 3HETTSLINE 0HILADELPHIA "ASE "ALL 'ROUNDS ))
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"#OOLEY 'OECKEL #HILES 4HOMAS $OUGLASS &ULTZ ",AJOIE $OLAN #HILES /WENS #ROFT #OOLEY &ULTZ 33#ROSS &ULTZ ",AUDER $OUGLASS &RASER /&$ELAHANTY 4HOMAS &LICK #HILES #OOLEY ,AJOIE &RASER /RTH $OUGLASS #-C&ARLAND $OUGLASS 00IATT $ONAHUE &RASER /RTH "ERNHARD &IlELD -AGEE 7HEELER
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! #ROSS ,AUDER $ELAHANTY
33 " ,&
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0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! 4HOMAS #& h " &LICK 2& -C&ARLAND # #OOLEY " h /& ,AJOIE " $OUGLASS # $OLAN " #HILES /& h " h " 0IATT 0 'OECKEL " &RASER 0 $ONAHUE 0 "ERNHARD 0 /RTH 0 &IlELD 0
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! (" 70 (2 7ILEY 0IATT 2ED $ONAHUE #HICK &RASER !L /RTH "ILL "ERNHARD *ACK &IlELD "ILL -AGEE 'EORGE 7HEELER
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' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3" ("0 3( "! 3! /"0 ,& $UCKY (OLMES 2& *IMMY 3HECKARD #& 3TEVE "RODIE 33 "ILL +EISTER " #ANDY ,A#HANCE " *OHN -C'RAW # 7ILBERT 2OBINSON " 'ENE $EMONTREVILLE 3UB $AVE &ULTZ 3UB 'EORGE -AGOON 3UB 0AT #RISHAM 0 *OE -C'INNITY 3UB *OHN /"RIEN 0 &RANK +ITSON 3UB !LECK 3MITH 0 *ERRY .OPS 0 (ARRY (OWELL 3UB #HARLIE (ARRIS 0 "ILL (ILL
NGK
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",A#HANCE #RISHAM 3MITH &ULTZ 3HECKARD "$EMONTREVILLE +EISTER /"RIEN 2OTHERMEL &ULTZ (ARRIS *ENNINGS 33+EISTER -AGOON (ARRIS 2OTHERMEL "-C'RAW (ARRIS &ULTZ 2OTHERMEL /&3HECKARD (OLMES "RODIE &ULTZ (ARRIS 3MITH -C'INNITY +EISTER -C+ENNA #2OBINSON 3MITH #RISHAM 2YAN 0-C'INNITY +ITSON .OPS (OWELL -C+ENNA (ILL -ILLER
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' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! (" 70 (2 *OE -C'INNITY &RANK +ITSON *ERRY .OPS (ARRY (OWELL "ILL (ILL +IT -C+ENNA 2ALPH -ILLER
/NE COMBINED SHUTOUT ON -AY +ITSON INNINGS -ILLER INNINGS FORFEIT , VS "ROOKLYN ON /CT
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0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! (EIDRICK "URKETT #HILDS #ROSS 7ALLACE h "LAKE #RIGER 4EBEAU h /#ONNOR h
2& ,& " " 33 " #& # " 33 # "
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' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! (" 70 (2 *ACK 0OWELL #Y 9OUNG 7ILLIE 3UDHOFF .IG #UPPY "ERT *ONES 0ETE -C"RIDE :EKE 7ILSON 4OM 4HOMAS *ACK 3UTTHOFF -IKE $ONLIN &RANK "ATES FORFEIT 7 VS .EW 9ORK ON -AY WHEN 'IANTS CAPTAIN +ID 'LEASON REFUSED TO LEAVE THE lELD AFTER HE WAS EJECTED BY UMPIRE /YSTER "URNS
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!FTER ABSORBING THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION IN $ECEMBER THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE TOTTERED ALONG FOR EIGHT YEARS WITH TEAMS 4HE ELIMINATION OF #LEVELAND "ALTIMORE 7ASHINGTON AND ,OUISVILLE AT A LOOP MEETING NEAR MIDNIGHT ON -ARCH FOLLOWING A LONG WINTER OF SEEM INGLY ENDLESS SPECULATION AND CONCILIATION STREAMLINED THE ,EAGUE TO EIGHT ENTRIES AND CREATED A STABLE COMPOSITION THAT WOULD ENDURE UNTIL /NE OF THE VERY FEW RULE CHANGES THAT WERE LEGISLATED IN STREAMLINED THE GAME ITSELF (OME PLATE WAS ALTERED FROM A INCH RUBBER
m^e mWi j^[ GOFF ijh_a[ekj a_d]U 0ITCHING STRIKEOUT TOTALS WERE NO LESS SUBJECT TO ERROR AND MISINFORMATION THAN BATTING AVERAGES IN THE LAST CENTURY (ERE ARE BOTH TODAYS .ATIONAL ,EAGUE STRIKEOUT LEADERS AND THE hOFlCIALv LEADERS AS OF THE lNAL DAY OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
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X[h][d=i Yh_c[¬ !FTER SERVING AS "OSTONS REGULAR CATCHER FOR NEARLY FOUR YEARS -ARTY "ERGEN DAMAGED HIS HIP DURING THE SEASON IN A COLLISION AT HOME PLATE 4HE INJURY COUPLED WITH "ERGENS REPUTATION FOR BEING A CHRONIC MALINGERER AND MALCONTENT PUT HIS FUTURE WITH THE CLUB IN DOUBT !CCORDINGLY "EANEATERS MANAGER &RANK 3ELEE HURRIEDLY BEGAN GROOMING ROOKIE RECEIVER "ILLY 3ULLIVAN A LATE SEASON PURCHASE FROM 'RAND 2APIDS OF THE 7ESTERN ,EAGUE AND IN THE INTERIM GAVE MORE WORK TO "OILERYARD #LARKE WHO HAD BEEN PICKED UP FROM "ALTIMORE FOR INSURANCE "ERGENS FATHER CAME TO VISIT HIS SONS SMALL FARM NEAR .ORTH "ROOKlELD -ASS ON THE MORN ING OF *ANUARY AND FOUND THAT HIS SON HAD MURDERED HIS WIFE (ARRIETT AND TWO YOUNG CHILDREN &LORENCE AND *OSEPH WITH AN AX AND THEN TAKEN A RAZOR TO HIMSELF SLITTING HIS THROAT WHILE STANDING IN FRONT OF A MIRROR 3PORTING ,IFE SOUGHT TO RUN TO EARTH hTHE UNDERLYING MOTIVE FOR THE HORRID DEED v AS DID ALL THE LOCAL "OSTON PAPERS /NE (UB JOURNAL WAS UNKIND ENOUGH TO IMPLY THAT "ERGENS CRIME WAS DUE TO HIS SHABBY TREATMENT BY THE "EANEATERS AND ASSAILED THE CLUBS STATEMENT THAT "ERGEN EARNED IN BY WRITING h THE PROOF THAT WHEN THE BODIES OF HIMSELF AND WIFE AND LITTLE CHILDREN WERE FOUND THEIR CUPBOARD WAS BARE AND THAT ALL THINGS POINTED TO THE FACT THAT JUST BEFORE THE TRAGEDY THEY WERE LACKING THE ACTUAL NECESSITIES OF LIFE 3O WHILE "ERGEN WAS PAID THREE lNES OF EACH AND THOSE OTHER LITTLE lNES IMPOSED ON HIM MAY HAVE PLACED HIMSELF AND HIS FAMILY IN THE WINTER TIME ON THE VERGE OF STARVATION 4HAT THEY WERE FOUND IN THE LATTER CONDITION WAS PROVED AT THE #ORONERS INQUEST AND THAT THE PLAYER WAS ALLOWED TO GET IN THIS CON DITION BY THE MEN HE HAD HELPED TO MAKE RICH IS NOW A MATTER OF HISTORYv
%X "OSTON PLAYER 4IM -URNANE IN A LETTER TO 4HE 3PORTING .EWS TOOK THE "EANEATERS SIDE -URNANE ARGUED THAT "ERGEN HAD SIGNED FOR IN PLUS A BONUS IF HE FULlLLED HIS CONTRACT 3INCE HIS INJURY KEPT HIM FROM lNISHING THE SEASON HE FORFEITED THE BONUS )N ADDITION -URNANE ACKNOWLEDGED "ERGEN WAS lNED BY 3ELEE IN GIVING HIM A TOTAL OF FOR THE SEASON 4HEN -URNANE CONTENDED h4HREE YEARS AGO "ERGEN BOUGHT A SMALL FARM FOR SOMETHING LIKE AND LIVED THERE IN THE SIMPLEST KIND OF WAY RAISING NEARLY EVERYTHING HE USED ON HIS OWN TABLE 4HERE WAS NO REASON TO BELIEVE THAT HE WAS NOT LEADING A PLEASANT LIFE )N FACT HE HAD DECIDED TO GIVE UP BASE BALL AND TAKE THINGS EASY ON THE FARM 4HE "OSTON MAG NATES DID EVERYTHING FOR HIM THAT THEY DID FOR THE OTHER MEN AND IN FACT A GREAT DEAL MORE AND ARE IN NO WAY TO BLAME FOR ANY MISFORTUNE THAT OVERTOOK THE PLAYERv
-URNANES ARGUMENT WAS ACCEPTED IN MOST CIRCLES AND "ERGENS CRIME THOUGH NEVER FORGOTTEN WAS EVENTUALLY JUDGED AN ABERRANT ACT BY A DEEPLY DISTURBED MAN ,OTS OF PLAYERS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY KILLED THEMSELVES BECAUSE OF UNHAPPY LOVE AFFAIRS MARITAL PROBLEMS DESPAIR THE DEATH OF A LOVED ONE DRINKING TOO MUCHALL THE USUAL REASONS !PART FROM ITS MORE GRISLY AND OBVIOUSLY MORE TRAGIC ELEMENTS "ERGENS DECISION TO END IT ALL SEEMED TO lT THE CLASSIC PATTERN 9ET THERE ARE SEVERAL PROBLEMS WITH -URNANES VIEW
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7HY WERE THERE NO OFlCIALS FROM THE "OSTON CLUB AT "ERGENS FUNERAL 7AS THEIR EXCUSE THAT THEYD MEANT TO COME BUT SIMPLY GOTTEN THE DAY WRONG TRUE !ND WHAT OF "OILERYARD #LARKES TESTIMONY ABOUT WHAT IT WAS LIKE TO PLAY FOR "OSTON IN THOSE YEARS 5PON COMING TO "OSTON FROM "ALTIMORE IN #LARKE IMMEDIATELY NOTICED THAT ALONG WITH BEING NOTORIOUSLY STINGY "EANEATERS OWNER !RTHUR 3ODEN WAS A REMARKABLY COLD lSH #LARKE SWORE THAT EVEN THOUGH HE PLAYED WITH "OS TON FOR TWO FULL SEASONS 3ODEN NEVER KNEW HE WAS ON THE TEAM LET ALONE HIS NAME $URING THE S WHEN THERE WAS ONLY ONE MAJOR LEAGUE AND HIS PLAYERS WERE BOUND TO HIM LIKE CHATTELS 3ODENS CHEERLESS MODE OF OPERATION WAS MASKED BY &RANK 3ELEES GENIUS AS A MANAGER "UT AFTER THE !MERICAN ,EAGUE FORMED AS A RIVAL MAJOR LEAGUE 3ODEN SWIFTLY BEGAN TO LOSE MOST OF HIS STAR PLAYERS TO AGGRESSIVE OWNERS FROM THE OTHER LOOP WHO WERE READY TO PAY THEM THEIR WORTH /NE OF THE lRST TO JUMP TO THE UPSTART !MERICAN ,EAGUE WAS #LARKE 3OON HE HAD BEEN JOINED BY ALMOST THE WHOLE "OSTON TEAM "Y THE TIME THE !MERICAN ,EAGUE AND THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE MADE PEACE IN EVERY .ATIONAL ,EAGUE TEAM HAD SUFFERED HEAVY LOSSES TO THE !MERICAN ,EAGUE BUT "OSTON SUFFERED FAR AND AWAY THE MOST &ROM THE MAJORS BEST TEAM IN THE S THE "EANEATERS DESCENDED SO CATACLYSMICALLY THAT THEY lNISHED IN THE SECOND DIVISION IN OF THE lRST SEASONS IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY ! LIST OF WHERE THE "EANEATERS REGULARS AND KEY SUBS WERE BY THE PEACE SETTLEMENT
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0HILADELPHIA .,
"OBBY ,OWE
"
#HICAGO .,
"ILLY (AMILTON
#&
/UT OF MAJORS LAST WITH "OSTON .,
+ID .ICHOLS
0
/UT OF MAJORS LAST WITH "OSTON .,
&RED 4ENNEY
"
"OSTON .,
6IC 7ILLIS
0
"OSTON .,
4OGIE 0ITTINGER
0
"OSTON .,
&RANK 3ELEE
-GR
#HICAGO .,
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SQUARE TO A INCH WIDE lVE SIDED SHAPE !LTHOUGH THE NEW DESIGN DID NOT ACTUALLY WIDEN THE STRIKE ZONE IT MADE AN UMPIRES TASK IN JUDGING WHETHER A PITCH WAS A BALL OR A STRIKE APPRE CIABLY EASIER AS BATTERS WERE NO LONGER ABLE TO STRADDLE A CORNER OF THE PLATE HIDING IT FROM AN ARBITERS VIEW AND FORCING PITCHERS TO CUT A VISIBLE PORTION OF THE RUBBER "ALANCING THAT INNOVA TION TO ASSIST GAME OFlCIALS HOWEVER WAS A COST CUTTING REGRESSION ALBEIT SHORT LIVED FROM THE DOUBLE UMPIRE EXPERIMENT THAT HAD BEEN TRIED WITH MIXED SUCCESS IN TO THE ANTEDILUVIAN SINGLE UMPIRE SYSTEM /N THE SURFACE REDESIGNING HOME PLATE HAD LITTLE IMMEDIATE IMPACT ON THE GAME 4HE ,EAGUE BATTING AVERAGE DECREASED ONLY THREE POINTS AND MOST PITCHERS ACTUALLY RECORDED FEWER STRIKE OUTS IN THAN IN "UT MUCH OF THE REASON THAT STRIKEOUT TOTALS WERE LOWER WAS THE RESTORATION OF THE GAME SCHEDULE AND THE REDUCTION FROM MAJOR LEAGUE TEAMS TO EIGHT PRODUCED A DIFFERENT RESULT THAN THE ATTENUATION THAT SHRANK THE NUMBER OF TEAMS FROM TO )N WITH JOBS SCARCE WEAK HITTING CATCHERS AND MIDDLE INlELDERS WERE THE lRST TO GO /NE SUCH WAS YEAR VETERAN -AL +ITTRIDGE A HITTER IN WHO LATER RETURNED TO THE MAJORS FOR SIX MORE SEASONS BUT ONLY AFTER BOLSTERING HIS RESUME BY CATCHING GAMES AND HITTING IN FOR 7ORCESTER OF THE %ASTERN ,EAGUE 4HE CHIEF BENElCIARIES OF THE ,EAGUES DECISION TO TRIM ITS SIZE WERE "ROOKLYN AND 0ITTSBURGH 3INCE BOTH HAD BEEN UNDER SYNDICATE OWNERSHIP IN "ROOKLYN FELL HEIR TO MOST OF THE REMAINING CAST FROM THE "ALTIMORE /RIOLES DYNASTY AND "ARNEY $REYFUSS WHO CORRALLED THE CONTROLLING STOCK IN BOTH THE 0ITTSBURGH AND ,OUISVILLE FRANCHISES FOLLOWING THE SEASON TRANSFERRED ALL OF THE DEFUNCT +ENTUCKY CLUBS TOP PLAYERS TO THE 3MOKE #ITY UNDER THE GUISE OF A TRADE !MONG THEM WERE PITCHERS $EACON 0HILLIPPE AND 2UBE 7ADDELL MANAGER LEFTlELDER &RED #LARKE SECOND BASEMAN #LAUDE 2ITCHEY UTILITY MAN 4OMMY ,EACH CATCHER #HIEF :IMMER AND THE ENORMOUSLY TALENTED (ONUS 7AGNER "UT "ROOKLYNS APPROPRIATION OF THREE "ALTIMORE PITCHERS&RANK +ITSON (ARRY (OWELL AND *OE -C'INNITY THE MAJORS TOP WINNER IN SPELLED THE DIFFERENCE IN 4HE TRIO JOINED WITH HOLDOVER "ILL +ENNEDY TO ACCOUNT FOR OF "ROOKLYNS WINS AND LIFT MANAGER .ED (AN LONS CLUB TO ITS SECOND STRAIGHT ,EAGUE PENNANT BY A COMFORTABLE FOUR AND A HALF GAMES OVER 0ITTSBURGH 0HILADELPHIA lNISHED EIGHT LENGTHS BACK IN RD PLACE AND "OSTON ROUNDED OUT THE lRST DIVISION DESPITE SLIPPING BELOW FOR THE lRST TIME SINCE %VEN MORE DISAPPOINTING THAN &RANK 3ELEES "EANEATERS WERE THE 3T ,OUIS 0ERFECTOS 0RIOR TO THE SEASON THE 0ERFECTOS CORRALLED THREE EX "ALTIMORE STARS*OHN -C'RAW 7ILBERT 2OBINSON AND "ILL +EISTERBY SHELLING OUT FOR THE RIGHTS TO THEM WHEN THEY REFUSED TO ACCOMPANY THE REST OF THE DISBANDING /RIOLES TO "ROOKLYN 4HE TRIO PARTICULARLY -C'RAW MADE FOR A NATURAL RIVALRY WITH THE EX /RIOLES IN "ROOKLYN WHICH WAS HEIGHTENED BY THE FACT THAT "ROOKLYN WAS THE DEFENDING ,EAGUE CHAMPION -AY THE DATE OF "ROOKLYNS lRST APPEAR
NII
N IJ
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m^[h[ Z_Z j^[o ]eU (ERE BY TEAM IS A LIST OF POSITION PLAYERS AND PITCHERS WHO WERE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMERS IN THE ,EAGUE !SSOCIATION IN AND LATER RETURNED TO THE MAJORS AFTER EITHER BEING FROZEN OUT OR OPTING TO PLAY ELSEWHERE WHEN THE LONE MAJOR LEAGUE REDUCED FROM TO EIGHT TEAMS IN 4HOSE WHO RETURNED TO THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE IN LIKE *AY (UGHES AND -AL +ITTRIDGE HELPED USHER IN THE LAST MAJOR CHANGE IN THE GAMES PLAYING RULES WHICH APPEARED IN ITALICS IN THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE RULEBOOK AS 3ECTION UNDER 2ULE DElNING WHAT CONSTITUTED A STRIKE ! FOUL HIT BALL NOT CAUGHT ON THE mY UNLESS TWO STRIKES HAVE ALREADY BEEN CALLED !PART FROM "AN *OHNSONS SELF PROCLAMATION THAT HIS !MERICAN ,EAGUE WAS NOW A MAJOR CIRCUIT AND THE DAWN OF A NEW CENTURY THE INNOVATION OF THE FOUL STRIKE RULEAND AT THAT IN THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE ONLYIS ALL THAT BASEBALL SCHOLARS CAN CITE IN ANSWER TO WHAT WAS SO SPECIAL ABOUT TO MAKE IT THE DEMARCATION POINT BETWEEN THE GAMES MODERN ERA AND ITS PREMODERN ERA
4EAM
,OCATION
*OHN !NDERSON
"ROOKLYN
!MERICAN ,EAGUE
*AY (UGHES
"ROOKLYN
#ALIFORNIA ,EAGUE
"ILLY ,AUDER
0HILADELPHIA
6OLUNTARILY RETIRED
$UCKY (OLMES
"ALTIMORE
!MERICAN ,EAGUE
#ANDY ,A#HANCE
"ALTIMORE
!MERICAN ,EAGUE
$AVE &ULTZ
"ALTIMORE
!MERICAN ,EAGUE
3TEVE "RODIE
"ALTIMORE
!MERICAN ,EAGUE
+ID %LBERFELD
#INCINNATI
!MERICAN ,EAGUE
4ULLY 3PARKS
0ITTSBURGH
!MERICAN ,EAGUE
"ILL (OFFER
0ITTSBURGH
!MERICAN ,EAGUE
'EORGE -AGOON
#HICAGO
!MERICAN ,EAGUE
$UMMY (OY
,OUISVILLE
!MERICAN ,EAGUE
0ETE $OWLING
,OUISVILLE
!MERICAN ,EAGUE
-IKE 0OWERS
,OUISVILLE
!MERICAN ,EAGUE
&RED (ARTMAN
.EW 9ORK
!MERICAN ,EAGUE
$ICK 0ADDEN
7ASHINGTON
!MERICAN ,EAGUE
&RANK "ONNER
7ASHINGTON
!MERICAN ,EAGUE
*ACK /"RIEN
7ASHINGTON
!MERICAN ,EAGUE
-AL +ITTRIDGE
7ASHINGTON
%ASTERN ,EAGUE
4OMMY $OWD
#LEVELAND
!MERICAN ,EAGUE
$ICK (ARLEY
#LEVELAND
!MERICAN ,EAGUE
3PORT -C!LLISTER
#LEVELAND
!MERICAN ,EAGUE
*OE 3UGDEN
#LEVELAND
!MERICAN ,EAGUE
#HARLIE (EMPHILL
#LEVELAND
!MERICAN ,EAGUE
/SSEE 3CHRECONGOST
#LEVELAND
!MERICAN ,EAGUE
!LSO WITH "ALTIMORE IN
!LSO WITH ,OUISVILLE IN
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ANCE OF THE SEASON IN 3T ,OUIS ALSO NEATLY COINCIDED WITH THE DEBUTS OF -C'RAW AND 2OBINSON WITH THE 0ERFECTOS AFTER THE TWO ENDED A MUTUAL HOLDOUT WHEN THEY WERE GIVEN A PIECE OF THEIR PURCHASE PRICE ! TRANSIT WORKERS STRIKE THAT SHUT DOWN THE STREETCAR SYSTEM IN THE -OUND #ITY THREATENED TO MARR THE GALA EVENT BUT SOME NEVERTHELESS FOUND THEIR WAY TO THE BALLPARK "ROOKLYN WON THE OPENING GAME OF THE SERIES BEHIND -C'INNITY ON A TH INNING THROWING ER ROR BY -C'RAW AND WENT ON TO TAKE THREE OUT OF FOUR IN 3T ,OUIS 4HE 0ERFECTOS RETALIATED BY SWEEPING A $ECORATION $AY DOUBLEHEADER AT "ROOKLYN BUT THEN BEGAN A SLOW DOWNWARD SPIRAL TOWARD THE SECOND DIVISION -EANWHILE ONCE (ANLONS 3UPERBAS GRABBED ST PLACE FROM 0HILA DELPHIA BY GOING IN *UNE THEY NEVER RELINQUISHED IT !T THE OPPOSITE END OF THE STANDINGS FOR MOST OF THE SEASON WAS THE OTHER 'OTHAM ENTRY THE .EW 9ORK 'IANTS ! MISERABLE START UNDER "UCK %WINGS TUTELAGE LANDED THE 'IANTS IN THE CELLAR BY THE END OF -AY !FTER SHORTSTOP 'EORGE $AVIS REPLACED %WING .EW 9ORK STAGED A FURIOUS LATE SURGE BUT CLOSING DAY FOUND THE 'IANTS STILL A GAME AND A HALF BEHIND TH PLACE #INCINNATI $ESPITE THE BASEMENT lNISH THE lRST IN FRANCHISE HISTORY .EW 9ORKS ATTENDANCE INCREASED BY SOME BUT THE #INCINNATI FRANCHISE WHICH SUFFERED ITS POOREST lNISH SINCE DROPPED TO LAST IN THE ,EAGUE IN ATTENDANCE "ECAUSE THE ,OUISVILLE CONTINGENT NEEDED TIME TO BLEND WITH HIS 0ITTSBURGH HOLDOVERS $REY FUSSS CLUB DID NOT FULLY BEGIN TO GEL UNTIL THE SEASON WAS NEARLY OVER 7HEN THE 0IRATES WENT IN 3EPTEMBER AND lNISHED ND IT REVIVED UNHAPPY MEMORIES OF THE 4EMPLE #UP MATCHES IN WHICH 0ITTSBURGH HAD NEVER BEEN A PARTICIPANT EVEN THOUGH THE CUPS FOUNDER HAD BEEN A 0IRATES CLUB OFlCIAL 'OADED TO SETTLE ANY LINGERING DOUBTS THAT HIS TEAM WAS REALLY SUPERIOR TO 0ITTSBURGHS (ANLON ACCEPTED $REYFUSSS CHALLENGE TO A BEST OF POSTSEASON MATCH WITH ALL THE GAMES TO BE PLAYED IN 0ITTSBURGH FOR A SILVER CUP DONATED BY THE 0ITTSBURGH #HRONICLE 4ELEGRAPH 4HE 4EMPLE #UP IMITATION OPENED ON /CTOBER AT THE 0IRATES %XPOSITION 0ARK "EHIND -C 'INNITY AND +ITSON (ANLONS 3UPERBAS TOOK THE lRST TWO GAMES BUT THEN WERE BLANKED BY 0HILLIPPE IN THE THIRD CONTEST 4HE FOLLOWING DAY THE 0IRATES DREW -C'INNITY AGAIN A DISASTER FOR THEM 7HILE THE REST OF (ANLONS STAFF WON JUST TWO OF DECISIONS AGAINST THE 0IRATES DURING THE REGULAR SEASON -C 'INNITY BEAT 0ITTSBURGH SIX TIMES IN SEVEN TRIES PLUS HIS OPENING GAME WIN IN THE #HRONICLE 4ELEGRAPH #UP SERIES /N /CTOBER -C'INNITY MADE IT EIGHT OF NINE AGAINST THE 0IRATES IN WHEN HE BREEZED TO A TRIUMPH OVER 3AM ,EEVER 9ET -C'INNITY DID NOT CONVINCE EVERY SKEPTIC THAT THE BEST TEAM HAD WON IN THE REGULAR ,EAGUE SEASON FOR THERE WAS A CORPS OF BASEBALL ENTHUSIASTS IN #HICAGO WHO THOUGHT THAT "ROOKLYN SHOULD REALLY HAVE PLAYED THEIR !MERICAN ,EAGUE CHAMPION 7HITE 3OX IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE NATIONS BEST TEAM IN 4HE CENTURY WOULD END THOUGH WITH THOSE FOLKS STILL IN A VERY SMALL MINORITY
NIK
NIL
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4HE EARLIEST KNOWN TEAM PICTURE OF #HIEF :IMMER SEEN HERE WITH THE 0OUGHKEEPSIES :IMMER TURNED THAT .OVEMBER )N HE BECAME THE lRST MAJOR LEAGUER TO SERVE AS HIS TEAMS REGULAR CATCHER IN HIS TH YEAR WHEN HE BEAT OUT *ACK /#ONNOR AND 0OP 3CHRIVER FOR THE 0IRATES RECEIVING JOB 4HE FOLLOWING YEAR :IMMER BECAME THE lRST -,ER TO PLAY ON HIS lRST PENNANT WINNER AFTER AGE AS THE 0IRATES BAGGED THEIR lRST EVER mAG )N A TIME WHEN MOST CATCHERS HANDS WERE SO BATTERED THEY COULD NO LONGER THREAD A NEEDLE AFTER A YEAR OR TWO BEHIND THE BAT :IMMER WAS STILL MAKING MOST OF HIS FAMILYS FURNITURE IN 3EVEN YEARS EARLIER HE HAD BUILT AND PATENTED A PARLOR BASEBALL GAME THAT FEATURED A BALL PITCHED FROM SECOND BASE AND AN IRON STICK THREE INCHES LONG FOR A BAT A FORERUNNER OF ARCADE GAMES THAT WERE POPULAR AS LATE AS THE S
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4HE LUCKLESS 0INK (AWLEY FRONT LEFT WITH THE 'IANTS THE lRST .EW 9ORK BASED MAJOR LEAGUE TEAM TO lNISH LAST )N HIS YEAR CAREER (AWLEY PITCHED FOR ONLY ONE CLUB THAT lNISHED HIGHER THAN TH#INCINNATI IN EXPLAINING HIS CAREER MARK (E LED THE 'IANTS IN WINS AND THE ., IN COMPLETE GAMES IN AND THEN JUMPED TO THE REBEL !MERICAN ,EAGUE IN TO PLAY FOR -ILWAUKEE SO HE COULD BE CLOSER TO HIS HOME IN 7ISCONSIN 4HE "REWERS lNISHED DEAD LAST NATURALLY AND (AWLEY THOUGH STILL JUST YEARS OLD LEFT THE MAJORS /THER NOTABLES ON THIS 'IANTS TEAM THAT SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN SO BAD WERE "ILL #ARRICK BESIDE (AWLEY 'EORGE $AVIS TOP FAR LEFT -IKE "OWERMAN DARK SWEATER #Y 3EYMOUR TOP FAR RIGHT 7IN -ERCER TO %WINGS RIGHT +IP 3ELBACH MIDDLE FAR LEFT 'EORGE 6AN (ALTREN BESIDE 3ELBACH "UCK %WING IN THE FANCY DUDS AND +ID 'LEASON MIDDLE FAR RIGHT
NIM
NIN
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4(% 3%!3/.!, 2%#/2$ .!4)/.!, ,%!'5%
' 7 , 0CT ( 2 '" !TTENDANCE
"ROOKLYN 3UPERBAS 0ITTSBURGH 0IRATES 0HILADELPHIA 0HILLIES "OSTON "EANEATERS #HICAGO /RPHANS 3T ,OUIS 0ERFECTOS #INCINNATI 2EDS .EW 9ORK 'IANTS
"RO 0IT 0HI "OS #HI 3T, #IN .9 4OT "ROOKLYN 0ITTSBURGH 0HILADELPHIA "OSTON #HICAGO 3T ,OUIS #INCINNATI .EW 9ORK
3%!3/. ,%!$%23 "ATTING !VERAGE !"S
3LUGGING !VERAGE
/N "ASE 0ERCENTAGE
7AGNER 0ITTSBURGH &LICK 0HILADELPHIA "URKETT 3T ,OUIS +EELER "ROOKLYN "ECKLEY #INCINNATI
7AGNER 0ITTSBURGH &LICK 0HILADELPHIA ,AJOIE 0HILADELPHIA +ELLEY "ROOKLYN (ICKMAN .EW 9ORK
-C'RAW 3T ,OUIS 4HOMAS 0HILADELPHIA (AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA &LICK 0HILADELPHIA 7AGNER 0ITTSBURGH
!"S TOO FEW TO QUALIFY FOR "! 3! OR /03 LEADERSHIP BUT QUALIlED FOR /"0 BECAUSE HE HAD PLATE APPEARANCES 4OTAL "ASES
(OME 2UNS
2")
7AGNER 0ITTSBURGH &LICK 0HILADELPHIA "URKETT 3T ,OUIS +EELER "ROOKLYN "ECKLEY #INCINNATI
,ONG "OSTON &LICK 0HILADELPHIA $ONLIN 3T ,OUIS (ICKMAN .EW 9ORK 3ULLIVAN "OSTON
&LICK 0HILADELPHIA $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA 7AGNER 0ITTSBURGH #OLLINS "OSTON "ECKLEY #INCINNATI
(ITS
2UNS
"ASES ON "ALLS
+EELER "ROOKLYN "URKETT 3T ,OUIS 7AGNER 0ITTSBURGH &LICK 0HILADELPHIA "ECKLEY #INCINNATI
4HOMAS 0HILADELPHIA 3LAGLE 0HILADELPHIA 6AN (ALTREN .EW 9ORK "ARRETT #INCINNATI 7AGNER 0ITTSBURGH
4HOMAS 0HILADELPHIA (AMILTON "OSTON -C'RAW 3T ,OUIS $AHLEN "ROOKLYN 3ELBACH .EW 9ORK "ARRETT #INCINNATI
3TOLEN "ASES
(IT "Y 0ITCH
3ACRIlCE (ITS
6AN (ALTREN .EW 9ORK $ONOVAN 3T ,OUIS "ARRETT #INCINNATI +EELER "ROOKLYN 7AGNER 0ITTSBURGH -ERTES #HICAGO
-C'ANN 3T ,OUIS -C'RAW 3T ,OUIS *ENNINGS "ROOKLYN (ICKMAN .EW 9ORK &LICK 0HILADELPHIA
3LAGLE 0HILADELPHIA -ERTES #HICAGO "EAUMONT 0ITTSBURGH #HILDS #HICAGO 4HREE TIED WITH
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/03 7AGNER 0ITTSBURGH &LICK 0HILADELPHIA "URKETT 3T ,OUIS 3ELBACH .EW 9ORK +ELLEY "ROOKLYN
0)4#().' 7INS
,OSSES
)NNINGS
-C'INNITY "ROOKLYN 4ANNEHILL 0ITTSBURGH $INNEEN "OSTON 0HILLIPPE 0ITTSBURGH +ENNEDY "ROOKLYN
#ARRICK .EW 9ORK 3COTT #INCINNATI (AHN #INCINNATI 9OUNG 3T ,OUIS " *ONES 3T ,OUIS
-C'INNITY "ROOKLYN #ARRICK .EW 9ORK (AWLEY .EW 9ORK 9OUNG 3T ,OUIS $INNEEN "OSTON
#OMPLETE 'AMES
3TRIKEOUTS
7INNING 0ERCENTAGE DECISIONS
(AWLEY .EW 9ORK $INNEEN "OSTON -C'INNITY "ROOKLYN #ALLAHAN #HICAGO 9OUNG 3T ,OUIS #ARRICK .EW 9ORK
(AHN #INCINNATI 7ADDELL 0ITTSBURGH 9OUNG 3T ,OUIS 'ARVIN #HICAGO $INNEEN "OSTON
-C'INNITY .EW 9ORK 4ANNEHILL 0ITTSBURGH &RASER 0HILADELPHIA 0HILLIPPE 0ITTSBURGH +ENNEDY "ROOKLYN
%2! INNINGS
,OWEST //"0
,OWEST /"!
7ADDELL 0ITTSBURGH 'ARVIN #HICAGO 4AYLOR #HICAGO ,EEVER 0ITTSBURGH 0HILLIPPE 0ITTSBURGH
0HILLIPPE 0ITTSBURGH 7ADDELL 0ITTSBURGH 9OUNG 3T ,OUIS 'ARVIN #HICAGO ,EEVER 0ITTSBURGH 'RIFlTH #HICAGO
7ADDELL 0ITTSBURGH 'ARVIN #HICAGO .ICHOLS "OSTON $INNEEN "OSTON (AHN #INCINNATI
0UTOUTS
!SSISTS
&IELDING !VERAGE
" "ECKLEY #INCINNATI $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA $OYLE .EW 9ORK
$OYLE .EW 9ORK "ECKLEY #INCINNATI 4ENNEY "OSTON
-C'ANN 3T ,OUIS *ENNINGS "ROOKLYN 4ENNEY "OSTON
" #HILDS #HICAGO ,OWE "OSTON 'LEASON .EW 9ORK
#HILDS #HICAGO 2ITCHEY 0ITTSBURGH ,AJOIE 0HILADELPHIA
,AJOIE 0HILADELPHIA 2ITCHEY 0ITTSBURGH ,OWE "OSTON
&)%,$).'
" #OLLINS "OSTON (ICKMAN .EW 9ORK , #ROSS 3T ,OUIS "ROOKLYN
#OLLINS "OSTON , #ROSS 3T ,OUIS "ROOKLYN "RADLEY #HICAGO
, #ROSS 3T ,OUIS "ROOKLYN #OLLINS "OSTON -C'RAW 3T ,OUIS
33 - #ROSS 0HILADELPHIA 7ALLACE 3T ,OUIS $AHLEN "ROOKLYN
$AHLEN "ROOKLYN %LY 0ITTSBURGH - #ROSS 0HILADELPHIA
$AVIS .EW 9ORK $AHLEN "ROOKLYN ,ONG "OSTON
2& &LICK 0HILADELPHIA +EELER "ROOKLYN 7AGNER 0ITTSBURGH
&LICK 0HILADELPHIA +EELER "ROOKLYN 0 $ONOVAN 3T ,OUIS
7AGNER 0ITTSBURGH 0 $ONOVAN 3T ,OUIS +EELER "ROOKLYN
NIO
NJF
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0UTOUTS
!SSISTS
&IELDING !VERAGE
#& (AMILTON "OSTON 6AN (ALTREN .EW 9ORK & *ONES "ROOKLYN
6AN (ALTREN .EW 9ORK "ARRETT #INCINNATI (EIDRICK 3T ,OUIS
(EIDRICK 3T ,OUIS 4HOMAS 0HILADELPHIA & *ONES "ROOKLYN
,& "URKETT 3T ,OUIS 3ELBACH .EW 9ORK 3LAGLE 0HILADELPHIA
3ELBACH .EW 9ORK 3LAGLE 0HILADELPHIA 3TAHL "OSTON
3TAHL "OSTON 3ELBACH .EW 9ORK #RAWFORD #INCINNATI
# :IMMER 0ITTSBURGH 0EITZ #INCINNATI #RIGER 3T ,OUIS
-C&ARLAND 0HILADELPHIA "OWERMAN .EW 9ORK 0EITZ #INCINNATI
-C&ARLAND 0HILADELPHIA :IMMER 0ITTSBURGH 0EITZ #INCINNATI
0 &RASER 0HILADELPHIA $INNEEN "OSTON #ALLAHAN #HICAGO 3COTT #INCINNATI
3COTT #INCINNATI # *ONES 3T ,OUIS (AWLEY .EW 9ORK
.ICHOLS "OSTON #ALLAHAN #HICAGO 2 $ONAHUE 0HILADELPHIA
$OUBLE 0LAYS
%RRORS
4#'AME
" $OYLE .EW 9ORK "ECKLEY #INCINNATI $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA
$OYLE .EW 9ORK "ECKLEY #INCINNATI 4 /"RIEN 0ITTSBURGH
"ECKLEY #INCINNATI $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA -C'ANN 3T ,OUIS
" ,AJOIE 0HILADELPHIA #HILDS #HICAGO 2ITCHEY 0ITTSBURGH 'LEASON .EW 9ORK
#HILDS #HICAGO 'LEASON .EW 9ORK +EISTER 3T ,OUIS
,AJOIE 0HILADELPHIA 'LEASON .EW 9ORK #HILDS #HICAGO
" 7ILLIAMS 0ITTSBURGH #OLLINS "OSTON (ICKMAN .EW 9ORK
(ICKMAN .EW 9ORK "RADLEY #HICAGO 7ILLIAMS 0ITTSBURGH
"RADLEY #HICAGO (ICKMAN .EW 9ORK 7ILLIAMS 0ITTSBURGH
33 - #ROSS 0HILADELPHIA %LY 0ITTSBURGH $AHLEN "ROOKLYN
- #ROSS 0HILADELPHIA #ORCORAN #INCINNATI 7ALLACE 3T ,OUIS $AHLEN "ROOKLYN
$AVIS .EW 9ORK $AHLEN "ROOKLYN 7ALLACE 3T ,OUIS
2& &LICK 0HILADELPHIA -C"RIDE #INCINNATI 4HREE WITH
&LICK 0HILADELPHIA *IMMY 2YAN #HICAGO +EELER "ROOKLYN -C"RIDE #INCINNATI
&LICK 0HILADELPHIA *IMMY 2YAN #HICAGO +EELER "ROOKLYN
"ARRETT #INCINNATI 6AN (ALTREN .EW 9ORK (AMILTON "OSTON
(EIDRICK 3T ,OUIS 6AN (ALTREN .EW 9ORK (AMILTON "OSTON
3LAGLE 0HILADELPHIA "URKETT 3T ,OUIS 3ELBACH .EW 9ORK
#RAWFORD #INCINNATI & #LARKE 0ITTSBURGH "URKETT 3T ,OUIS
#& 6AN (ALTREN .EW 9ORK 4HOMAS 0HILADELPHIA "ARRETT #INCINNATI (AMILTON "OSTON ,& 3ELBACH .EW 9ORK "URKETT 3T ,OUIS 3LAGLE 0HILADELPHIA
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$OUBLE 0LAYS
%RRORS
4#'AME
# "OWERMAN .EW 9ORK 0EITZ #INCINNATI 3ULLIVAN "OSTON
"OWERMAN .EW 9ORK " #LARKE "OSTON 4 $ONAHUE #HICAGO
0EITZ #INCINNATI :IMMER 0ITTSBURGH #RIGER 3T ,OUIS
0ASSED "ALL ,EADERS $OUGLASS 0HILADELPHIA "OWERMAN .EW 9ORK -C&ARLAND 0HILADELPHIA 0 "ERNHARD 0HILADELPHIA 3COTT #INCINNATI 0HILLIPS #INCINNATI
3COTT #INCINNATI -C'INNITY "ROOKLYN 9OUNG 3T ,OUIS #ARRICK .EW 9ORK
3COTT #INCINNATI &RASER 0HILADELPHIA 0HILLIPS #INCINNATI
)DENTICAL 4#' WITH CHANCES IN GAMES
X h e e a bo d .ED (ANLON 7ASHINGTON 0ARK ))
' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3" ("0 3( "! 3! /"0 2& 7ILLIE +EELER #& &IELDER *ONES 33 "ILL $AHLEN " ,AVE #ROSS ,& *OE +ELLEY " (UGHIE *ENNINGS " 4OM $ALY 3UB *IMMY 3HECKARD # $UKE &ARRELL # $EACON -C'UIRE 3UB 'ENE $EMONTREVILLE 0 *OE -C'INNITY 0 "ILL +ENNEDY 0 &RANK +ITSON 0 (ARRY (OWELL 0 *ACK $UNN 3UB !LECK 3MITH 0 *ERRY .OPS 0 'US 7EYHING 0 "ILL $ONOVAN 0 *OE 9EAGER 3UB &ARMER 3TEELMAN 3UB $OC #ASEY
"*ENNINGS +ELLEY $ALY $EMONTREVILLE "$ALY $EMONTREVILLE *ENNINGS +EELER 33$AHLEN $EMONTREVILLE "#ROSS +ELLEY $EMONTREVILLE 3MITH #ASEY 9EAGER /&+EELER *ONES 3HECKARD +ELLEY $ALY -C'INNITY +ITSON $EMONTREVILLE #&ARRELL -C'UIRE 3TEELMAN 3MITH 0-C'INNITY +ENNEDY +ITSON (OWELL $UNN .OPS 7EYHING $ONOVAN 9EAGER
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! *ONES +EELER
#& 2&
NJG
NJH
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0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! $AHLEN 33 #ROSS "
*ENNINGS " $ALY " 3HECKARD ,& +ELLEY ,& h " h " &ARRELL # -C'UIRE # $E-ONTREVILLE " h 33 -C'INNITY 0 +ENNEDY 0 +ITSON 0 (OWELL 0 $UNN 0
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! (" 70 (2 *OE -C'INNITY "ILL +ENNEDY &RANK +ITSON (ARRY (OWELL *ERRY .OPS *ACK $UNN 'US 7EYHING "ILL $ONOVAN *OE 9EAGER FORFEIT 7 VS 3T ,OUIS ON 3EPT WHEN BAD BLOOD BETWEEN THE TWO TEAMS OVER BACK PAY 'US 7EYHING CLAIMED 3T ,OUIS OWED HIM ERUPTED IN A DISPUTED PLAY AT THE PLATE IN THE RD INNING THAT RESULTED IN 3T ,OUIS REFUSING TO CONTINUE PLAY AFTER CATCHER 7ILBERT 2OBINSON WAS EJECTED
f_jjiXkh]^ &RED #LARKE %XPOSITION 0ARK ))
' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3" ("0 3( "! 3! /"0 #& 'INGER "EAUMONT 2& (ONUS 7AGNER " #LAUDE 2ITCHEY 33 "ONES %LY " *IMMY 7ILLIAMS ,& &RED #LARKE 54 4OM /"RIEN # #HIEF :IMMER " $ICK #OOLEY 3UB 4OMMY ,EACH # *ACK /#ONNOR 3UB 4OM -C#REERY 0 *ESSE 4ANNEHILL 0 $EACON 0HILLIPPE 3UB 0OP 3CHRIVER 0 3AM ,EEVER 0 *ACK #HESBRO
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"#OOLEY /"RIEN $ILLON 7AGNER :IMMER /#ONNOR 3CHRIVER "2ITCHEY ,EACH 7AGNER /"RIEN 33%LY ,EACH 7ILLIAMS /"RIEN "7ILLIAMS ,EACH 7AGNER /&"EAUMONT 7AGNER #LARKE -C#REERY /"RIEN ,EACH 4ANNEHILL #HESBRO $ONAHUE 0OOLE #:IMMER /#ONNOR 3CHRIVER ,ATIMER $ONAHUE 00HILLIPPE #HESBRO ,EEVER 7ADDELL 4ANNEHILL &LAHERTY (USTING -EEKIN 7OODS 0OOLE 7AGNER -C#REERY
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! "EAUMONT #& %LY 33 2ITCHEY " 7AGNER 2& #LARKE ,& 7ILLIAMS " :IMMER # #OOLEY " /"RIEN " h 2& /#ONNOR # 0HILLIPPE 0 -C#REERY ,& #HESBRO 0 ,EACH " ,EEVER 0 7ADDELL 0 4ANNEHILL 0 3CHRIVER #
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! (" 70 (2 $EACON 0HILLIPPE *ESSE 4ANNEHILL 3AM ,EEVER *ACK #HESBRO 2UBE 7ADDELL 0ATSY &LAHERTY *OUETT -EEKIN 0ETE (USTING %D 0OOLE (ONUS 7AGNER
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' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3" ("0 3( "! 3! /"0 ,& *IMMY 3LAGLE 2& %LMER &LICK " %D $ELAHANTY #& 2OY 4HOMAS 33 -ONTE #ROSS " .AP ,AJOIE " (ARRY 7OLVERTON # %D -C&ARLAND 3UB *OE $OLAN 3UB +LONDIKE $OUGLASS 0 !L /RTH 3UB &IDO #HILES 0 "ILL "ERNHARD 0 2ED $ONAHUE 0 #HICK &RASER 0 7ILEY 0IATT 3UB -ORG -URPHY 0 *ACK $UNN 3UB "ERT -YERS 0 !L -AUL 3UB #HARLIE :IEGLER 3UB &RED *ACKLITSCH 0 "ERT #ONN 0 7ARREN -C,AUGHLIN
"$ELAHANTY #HILES ",AJOIE $OLAN #HILES 33#ROSS $OLAN "7OLVERTON $OLAN -YERS :IEGLER $OUGLASS ,AJOIE -C&ARLAND /&3LAGLE 4HOMAS &LICK #HILES /RTH #-C&ARLAND $OUGLASS -URPHY *ACKLITSCH 0/RTH "ERNHARD $ONAHUE &RASER 0IATT $UNN -AUL #ONN -C,AUGHLIN 4HOMAS
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! 3LAGLE 4HOMAS &LICK #ROSS $ELAHANTY ,AJOIE 7OLVERTON -C&ARLAND $OUGLASS /RTH "ERNHARD
,& #& 2& 33 " " " # # 0 0
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0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! $ONAHUE 0 $OLAN " h " h 33 &RASER 0 0IATT 0 #HILES " h " -URPHY # $UNN 0
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! (" 70 (2 !L /RTH 2ED $ONAHUE #HICK &RASER "ILL "ERNHARD 7ILEY 0IATT *ACK $UNN !L -AUL "ERT #ONN 7ARREN -C,AUGHLIN 2OY 4HOMAS
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' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3" ("0 3( "! 3! /"0 " *IMMY #OLLINS ,& #HICK 3TAHL #& "ILLY (AMILTON 33 (ERMAN ,ONG " "OBBY ,OWE " &RED 4ENNEY 2& "UCK &REEMAN # "OILERYARD #LARKE 3UB 3HAD "ARRY # "ILLY 3ULLIVAN 3UB (UGH $UFFY 0 "ILL $INNEEN 0 KID .ICHOLS 0 6IC 7ILLIS 0 4ED ,EWIS 0 4OGIE 0ITTENGER 3UB *ACK #LEMENTS 0 .IG #UPPY 3UB *OE #ONNOR 0 (ARVEY "AILEY 0 2OME #HAMBERS
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0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! #OLLINS " (AMILTON #& 3TAHL ,& ,OWE " ,ONG 33 4ENNEY " &REEMAN 2& h " #LARKE # 3ULLIVAN # $UFFY 2& $INNEEN 0 7ILLIS 0 ,EWIS 0 .ICHOLS 0 "ARRY #& h 33 h " h " 0ITTINGER 0 #UPPY 0 #LEMENTS #
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! (" 70 (2 "ILL $INNEEN 6IC 7ILLIS +ID .ICHOLS 4ED ,EWIS 4OGIE 0ITTINGER .IG #UPPY (ARVEY "AILEY 2OME #HAMBERS
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4OM ,OFTUS 7EST 3IDE 0ARK ))
' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3" ("0 3( "! 3! /"0 " #UPID #HILDS ,& *ACK -C#ARTHY 54 3AM -ERTES " "ILL "RADLEY 2& *IMMY 2YAN #& $ANNY 'REEN 33 "ARRY -C#ORMICK
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' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3" ("0 3( "! 3! /"0 " *OHN 'ANZEL # 4IM $ONAHUE 33 "ILLY #LINGMAN # &RANK #HANCE 3UB #HARLIE $EXTER 0 *IMMY #ALLAHAN 3UB 3AMMY 3TRANG 0 #LARK 'RIFlTH 3UB "ILL %VERETT 0 .ED 'ARVIN 0 *ACK 4AYLOR 3UB *OHNNY +LING 3UB (ARRY $OLAN 0 *OCK -ENEFEE 0 "ERT #UNNINGHAM 3UB !RT .ICHOLS 0 &RANK +ILLEN 3UB 3AM $UNGAN 3UB (ARRY 7OLVERTON 0 4OM (UGHES 0 -AL %ASON 0 :AZA (ARVEY 3UB 2OGER "RESNAHAN
"'ANZEL -ERTES %VERETT "RADLEY #HANCE "#HILDS -C#ORMICK 3TRANG $EXTER $ONAHUE 33-C#ORMICK #LINGMAN 3TRANG -ERTES ""RADLEY -C#ORMICK 3TRANG 7OLVERTON /&-C#ARTHY 2YAN 'REEN -ERTES $EXTER $OLAN $UNGAN #$ONAHUE #HANCE $EXTER +LING .ICHOLS "RESNAHAN 0#ALLAHAN 'RIFlTH 'ARVIN 4AYLOR -ENEFEE #UNNINGHAM +ILLEN (UGHES %ASON (ARVEY 0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! #HILDS " -C#ARTHY ,& "RADLEY " h " 2YAN 2& 'REEN #& -ERTES #& h " -C#ORMICK 33 h " 'ANZEL " $ONAHUE # #HANCE # #LINGMAN 33 #ALLAHAN 0 'RIFlTH 0 'ARVIN 0 4AYLOR 0 %VERETT " $EXTER # h /& 3TRANG " -ENEFEE 0 +LING # $OLAN /&
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' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! (" 70 (2 *IMMY #ALLAHAN #LARK 'RIFlTH .ED 'ARVIN *ACK 4AYLOR *OCK -ENEFEE "ERT #UNNINGHAM &RANK +ILLEN 4OM (UGHES -AL %ASON :AZA (ARVEY
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0AT 4EBEAU ,OUIE (EILBRONER ,EAGUE 0ARK
' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3" ("0 3( "! 3! /"0 ,& *ESSE "URKETT 2& 0ATSY $ONOVAN " "ILL +EISTER 33 "OBBY 7ALLACE " $AN -C'ANN #& %MMET (EIDRICK " *OHN -C'RAW # ,OU #RIGER 3UB -IKE $ONLIN # 7ILBERT 2OBINSON 3UB 0AT $ILLARD 0 #Y 9OUNG 0 "ERT *ONES 0 *ACK 0OWELL 0 7ILLIE 3UDHOFF 3UB *OE 1UINN 3UB ,AVE #ROSS 0 *IM (UGHEY 3UB /TTO +RUEGER 3UB *ACK /#ONNOR 0 'US 7EYHING 3UB &RITZ "UELOW 0 4OM 4HOMAS 3UB 0AT 4EBEAU 0 *ACK (ARPER 3UB 4OM 3TANTON
"-C'ANN $ONLIN "+EISTER 1UINN +RUEGER -C'ANN 337ALLACE +EISTER 1UINN $ILLARD 4EBEAU "-C'RAW $ILLARD #ROSS 3UDHOFF +EISTER 1UINN 7ALLACE #RIGER /&"URKETT $ONOVAN (EIDRICK $ONLIN $ILLARD 3UDHOFF "UELOW ##RIGER 2OBINSON /#ONNOR "UELOW 3TANTON 09OUNG *ONES 0OWELL (UGHEY 3UDHOFF 7EYHING 4HOMAS (ARPER
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0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! "URKETT ,& 7ALLACE 33 $ONOVAN 2& -C'ANN " +EISTER " -C'RAW " (EIDRICK #& #RIGER # 2OBINSON # $ONLIN /& h " 9OUNG 0 *ONES 0 0OWELL 0 $ILLARD /& h " (UGHEY 0 #ROSS "
3UDHOFF 0 h /& 1UINN " /#ONNOR #
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! (" 70 (2 #Y 9OUNG "ERT *ONES *ACK 0OWELL 7ILLIE 3UDHOFF *IM (UGHEY 'US 7EYHING 4OM 4HOMAS *ACK (ARPER FORFEIT , VS "ROOKLYN ON 3EPT
Y_dY_ddWj_ "OB !LLEN ,EAGUE 0ARK ))
' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3" ("0 3( "! 3! /"0 " *AKE "ECKLEY #& *IMMY "ARRETT 33 4OMMY #ORCORAN " (ARRY 3TEINFELDT 2& !LGIE -C"RIDE ,& 3AM #RAWFORD 3UB #HARLIE )RWIN # (EINIE 0EITZ " *OE 1UINN # -IKE +AHOE 3UB "OB 7OOD 0 4ED "REITENSTEIN 0 %D 3COTT 0 .OODLES (AHN 3UB 0HIL 'EIER
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' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3" ("0 3( "! 3! /"0 3UB %LMER 3MITH 0 $OC .EWTON 0 "ILL 0HILLIPS 3UB 4OPSY (ARTSEL 3UB $ICK (ARLEY 3UB "OB !LLEN 0 !RCHIE 3TIMMEL
""ECKLEY 0EITZ "1UINN 3TEINFELDT #ORCORAN )RWIN 33#ORCORAN )RWIN !LLEN 3TEINFELDT +AHOE "3TEINFELDT )RWIN 7OOD 'EIER /&"ARRETT -C"RIDE #RAWFORD 3MITH 'EIER (ARTSEL "REITENSTEIN )RWIN (ARLEY 3TEINFELDT 7OOD #0EITZ +AHOE 7OOD 03COTT (AHN .EWTON 0HILLIPS "REITENSTEIN 3TIMMEL
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! "ECKLEY " "ARRETT #& #ORCORAN 33 -C"RIDE 2& #RAWFORD ,& 0EITZ # 1UINN " 3TEINFELDT " h " )RWIN " h 33 +AHOE # 3COTT 0 (AHN 0 .EWTON 0 0HILLIPS 0 3MITH ,& 'EIER ,& "REITENSTEIN 0 h 2& (ARTSEL 2& 7OOD # h "
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! (" 70 (2 %D 3COTT .OODLES (AHN $OC .EWTON "ILL 0HILLIPS 4ED "REITENSTEIN !RCHIE 3TIMMEL
.O HIT GAME VS 0HILADELPHIA *ULY
4HE GRANDSTAND BURNED DOWN ON -AY ! MONTH LATER THE PARK REOPENED WITH THE INlELD IN WHAT FORMERLY HAD BEEN THE RIGHTlELD CORNER
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"UCK %WING 'EORGE $AVIS 0OLO 'ROUNDS )))
' !" ( 2 " " (2 2") "" 3" ("0 3( "! 3! /"0 #& 'EORGE 6AN (ALTREN ,& +IP 3ELBACH " *ACK $OYLE " 0IANO ,EGS (ICKMAN 33 'EORGE $AVIS " +ID 'LEASON 2& %LMER 3MITH # -IKE "OWERMAN 54 -IKE 'RADY 054 7IN -ERCER 0 0INK (AWLEY 0 "ILL #ARRICK 3UB *ACK 7ARNER 3UB 0OP &OSTER 3UB $ANNY -URPHY 3UB #URT "ERNARD 0 %D $OHENY 0 #Y 3EYMOUR 0 $UMMY 4AYLOR 3UB #HARLIE &RISBEE 0 #HRISTY -ATHEWSON 0 $ICK #OGAN 3UB 4OMMY 3HEEHAN
"$OYLE 'RADY 3EYMOUR "'LEASON -URPHY &OSTER -ERCER 'RADY 33$AVIS 'RADY &OSTER -ERCER "OWERMAN 3HEEHAN "ERNARD #OGAN 'LEASON "(ICKMAN -ERCER 'RADY /&6AN (ALTREN 3ELBACH 3MITH "ERNARD -ERCER &OSTER (ICKMAN 'RADY &RISBEE 3EYMOUR #"OWERMAN 'RADY 7ARNER 0#ARRICK (AWLEY -ERCER $OHENY 3EYMOUR 4AYLOR -ATHEWSON #OGAN 6AN (ALTREN
0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! 6AN (ALTREN 3ELBACH $OYLE (ICKMAN $AVIS 'LEASON 3MITH "OWERMAN #ARRICK 'RADY h h (AWLEY -ERCER h h 7ARNER -URPHY $OHENY "ERNARD
#& ,& " " 33 " 2& # 0 # " 33 0 0 " 2& # " 0 2&
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0OS ' 4# 0/ ! $0 % 0" &! 3EYMOUR 0 &OSTER 2& 4AYLOR 0
' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 3H 3V %2! (" 70 (2 "ILL #ARRICK 0INK (AWLEY 7IN -ERCER %D $OHENY $UMMY 4AYLOR #Y 3EYMOUR #HRISTY -ATHEWSON $ICK #OGAN 'EORGE 6AN (ALTREN
!-%2)#!. ,%!'5%
' 7 , 0CT ( 2 '" !TTENDANCE
#HICAGO 7HITE 3OX -ILWAUKEE "REWERS )NDIANAPOLIS (OOSIERS $ETROIT 7OLVERINES +ANSAS #ITY "LUES #LEVELAND ,AKE 3HORES "UFFALO "ISONS -INNEAPOLIS -ILLERS
#HI -IL )ND $ET +# #LE "UF -IN 4OT #HICAGO -ILWAUKEE )NDIANAPOLIS $ETROIT +ANSAS #ITY #LEVELAND "UFFALO -INNEAPOLIS
-ANY OF THE TEAM VS TEAM AND BATTING AND PITCHING STATISTICS WERE FURNISHED BY "OB 4IEMANN 2AY .EMEC AND "OB (OIE ALL OF WHOM HAVE DONE EXTENSIVE RESEARCH ON THE !MERICAN ,EAGUE SEASON
3%!3/. ,%!$%23 "ATTING !VERAGE !"S
3LUGGING !VERAGE
4OTAL "ASES
$UNGAN +ANSAS #ITY (ARLEY $ETROIT 0ICKERING #LEVELAND (EMPHILL +ANSAS #ITY 7ERDEN -INNEAPOLIS
7ERDEN -INNEAPOLIS 3EYBOLD )NDIANAPOLIS $UNGAN +ANSAS #ITY (ARTSEL )NDIANAPOLIS &ULTZ -ILWAUKEE
7ERDEN -INNEAPOLIS 0ICKERING #LEVELAND /"RIEN +ANSAS #ITY !NDERSON -ILWAUKEE 7ALDRON -ILWAUKEE
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(ITS
2UNS
(OME 2UNS
0ICKERING #LEVELAND /"RIEN +ANSAS #ITY 7ALDRON -ILWAUKEE !NDERSON -ILWAUKEE 'ENINS #LEVELAND
0ICKERING #LEVELAND (OGRIEVER )NDIANAPOLIS (OY #HICAGO (EMPHILL +ANSAS #ITY !NDERSON -ILWAUKEE
3EYBOLD )NDIANAPOLIS 7ERDEN -INNEAPOLIS !THERTON "UFFALO (ARTSEL )NDIANAPOLIS 3HUGART #HICAGO
3TOLEN "ASES
3ACRIlCE (ITS
!NDERSON -ILWAUKEE 0ICKERING #LEVELAND (ARLEY $ETROIT (OGRIEVER )NDIANAPOLIS 7ILMOT -ILWAUKEE #ONROY -ILWAUKEE
.ANCE -INNEAPOLIS "RODIE #HICAGO 7ILMOT -INNEAPOLIS 0ADDEN #HICAGO 7ALDRON -ILWAUKEE
0)4#().' 7INS
,OSSES
)NNINGS
,EE +ANSAS #ITY !MOLE "UFFALO +ELLUM )NDIANAPOLIS $ENZER #HICAGO 3IX WITH
%HRET -INNEAPOLIS !MOLE "UFFALO ,EE +ANSAS #ITY #RONIN $ETROIT 0ATTEN +ANSAS #ITY
,EE +ANSAS #ITY #RONIN $ETROIT !MOLE "UFFALO 0ATTEN +ANSAS #ITY %HRET -INNEAPOLIS
#OMPLETE 'AMES
3TRIKEOUTS
7INNING 0ERCENTAGE DECISIONS
#RONIN $ETROIT ,EE +ANSAS #ITY !MOLE "UFFALO +ELLUM )NDIANAPOLIS %HRET -INNEAPOLIS
#RONIN $ETROIT $OWLING -ILWAUKEE 0ATTEN +ANSAS #ITY !MOLE "UFFALO 3PARKS -ILWAUKEE
0ATTERSON #HICAGO -ILLER $ETROIT 2EIDY -ILWAUKEE &ISHER #HICAGO $ENZER #HICAGO
/PPONENTS "! )NNINGS 9EAGER $ETROIT 2EIDY -ILWAUKEE +ATOLL #HICAGO (ART #LEVELAND 'ARDNER )NDIANAPOLIS
&)%,$).' 0UTOUTS
!SSISTS
&IELDING !VERAGE
" #AREY "UFFALO $ILLON $ETROIT 7ERDEN -INNEAPOLIS
7ERDEN -INNEAPOLIS $ILLON $ETROIT #AREY "UFFALO +ELLEY )NDIANAPOLIS
#AREY "UFFALO ,A#HANCE #LEVELAND 7ERDEN -INNEAPOLIS
" 0ADDEN #HICAGO "IERBAUER #LE "UF -IL -AGOON )NDIANAPOLIS
-AGOON )NDIANAPOLIS 0ADDEN #HICAGO "IERBAUER #LE "UF -IL
0ADDEN #HICAGO "IERBAUER #LE "UF -IL -AGOON )NDIANAPOLIS
" #OUGHLIN +ANSAS #ITY "URKE -ILWAUKEE (ICKEY )NDIANAPOLIS
"URKE -ILWAUKEE !NDREWS "UFFALO (ICKEY )NDIANAPOLIS
#OUGHLIN +ANSAS #ITY #ASEY $ETROIT "URKE -ILWAUKEE
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0UTOUTS
!SSISTS
&IELDING !VERAGE
33 %LBERFELD $ETROIT ' 3MITH -INNEAPOLIS 3HUGART #HICAGO
' 3MITH -INNEAPOLIS %LBERFELD $ETROIT (ALLMAN "UFFALO
' 3MITH -INNEAPOLIS 3HUGART #HICAGO %LBERFELD $ETROIT
2& 3EYBOLD )NDIANAPOLIS 'ETTMAN "UFFALO $AVIS -INNEAPOLIS
'ENINS #LEVELAND (EMPHILL +ANSAS #ITY (OLMES $ETROIT
3EYBOLD )NDIANAPOLIS 'ENINS #LEVELAND $AVIS -INNEAPOLIS
#& (OY #HICAGO /"RIEN +ANSAS #ITY 0ICKERING #LEVELAND
(OY #HICAGO 0ICKERING #LEVELAND (OGRIEVER )NDIANAPOLIS
(OY #HICAGO /"RIEN +ANSAS #ITY 7ALDRON -ILWAUKEE
,& &ARRELL +ANSAS #ITY (ARLEY $ETROIT (ALLIGAN "UFFALO
&ARRELL +ANSAS #ITY (ARLEY $ETROIT 7ILMOT -INNEAPOLIS
&ARRELL +ANSAS #ITY (ARLEY $ETROIT -C&ARLAND #HICAGO
&ISHER -INNEAPOLIS 3CHRECONGOST "UFFALO 0OWERS )NDIANAPOLIS
3UGDEN #HICAGO 3PIES -ILWAUKEE #LEVELAND 3MITH -ILWAUKEE
# &ISHER -INNEAPOLIS 3PIES -ILWAUKEE #LEVELAND 0OWERS )NDIANAPOLIS
,EADERS IN 0ASSED "ALLS -C!LLISTER $ETROIT 0OWERS )NDIANAPOLIS &ISHER -INNEAPOLIS AND 3CHRECONGOST "UFFALO 0 +ELLUM )NDIANAPOLIS 9EAGER $ETROIT (OFFER #LEVELAND
#RONIN $ETROIT ,EE +ANSAS #ITY (ART #LEVELAND
%RRORS
" $UNGAN +ANSAS #ITY $ILLON $ETROIT +ELLEY )NDIANAPOLIS
" !BBATICCHIO -INN -IL &LOOD "UFFALO #LEVELAND 3CHAEFER +ANSAS #ITY
" .ANCE -INNEAPOLIS !NDREWS "UFFALO (ICKEY )NDIANAPOLIS
33 %LBERFELD $ETROIT -ADISON )NDIANAPOLIS 3HUGART #HICAGO
2& 'ETTMAN "UFFALO (EMPHILL +ANSAS #ITY (OLMES $ETROIT $AVIS -INNEAPOLIS
"ARNES )NDIANAPOLIS 2EIDY -ILWAUKEE $ENZER #HICAGO
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%RRORS #& 0ICKERING #LEVELAND (OGRIEVER )NDIANAPOLIS /"RIEN +ANSAS #ITY ,ALLY -INNEAPOLIS ,& (ALLIGAN "UFFALO (ARLEY $ETROIT (ARTSEL )NDIANAPOLIS
.OTE THAT COMPLETE lELDING STATISTICS ARE NOT AS YET AVAILABLE NOR ARE ACCURATE TEAM BATTING AND PITCHING STATISTICS AND ACCURATE TOTAL GAMES PLAYED AT EACH POSITION 0LAYERS LISTED AT A lELDING POSITION THAT ARE FOLLOWED BY A QUESTION MARK PLAYED AN UNKNOWN NUMBER OF GAMES AT THAT POSITION )N SEVERAL INSTANCES OWING TO lELDING DATA NOT YET AVAILABLE THE SUM OF THE INDIVIDUAL TOTAL NUMBER OF GAMES PLAYED AT A POSITION FALLS SHORT OF THE ACTUAL NUMBER OF GAMES THE TEAM PLAYED
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")SBELL 3UGDEN $OWD ,ALLY "UCKLEY #LAYTON "0ADDEN "RAIN /,EARY 333HUGART /,EARY 7OOD "RAIN "(ARTMAN )SBELL "RAIN /&(OY -C&ARLAND "RODIE 3HEARON )SBELL $ILLARD $OWD ,ALLY -C-ANUS &ISHER 0ATTERSON +ATOLL #3UGDEN "UCKLEY 7OOD 0+ATOLL $ENZER &ISHER 0ATTERSON )SBELL -C'ILL $OHENY 4HOMAS 3EYMOUR +ILLEN
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./4% ) -EN WHO NEVER PLAYED IN THE MAJOR LEAGUES ARE LISTED BY THEIR FULL NAMES MEN WHO APPEAR ELSEWHERE EITHER IN THIS OR OTHER MAJOR LEAGUE ENCYCLOPEDIAS ARE LISTED BY THEIR PLAYING NAMES &OR PLAYERS WITH TWO OR MORE TEAMS INDIVIDUAL STATISTICAL BREAKDOWNS WITH EACH TEAM ARE STILL UNAVAILABLE WITH A FEW EXCEPTIONS 0LAYERS AFFECTED ARE SHOWN AS FOLLOWS 3EE 4%!- MEANS THE PLAYERS OR PITCHERS COMPLETE STATISTICAL ACHIEVEMENTS WILL BE FOUND UNDER THAT TEAM BECAUSE HE PLAYED THE BULK OF HIS GAMES WITH IT 4%!- !""2%6)!4)/. MEANS THE PLAYER OR PITCHER ALSO PLAYED WITH THE ABBREVIATED TEAM AND PART OF HIS STATISTICAL ACHIEVEMENTS WERE MADE WITH IT )NNINGS PITCHED GAMES STARTED COMPLETE GAMES STRIKEOUTS WALKS AND SHUTOUTS FOR PITCHERS WITH MORE THAN ONE TEAM UNLESS KNOWN FOR EACH TEAM APPEAR UNDER THE TEAM WITH WHICH THEY PLAYED THE MOST GAMES BUT WON LOST TOTALS ARE PRESENTED FOR EACH TEAM ,IKEWISE TOTAL GAMES PLAYED AT BATS HITS RUNS DOUBLES TRIPLES HOME RUNS STOLEN BASES AND SLUGGING AVERAGES FOR PLAYERS WITH MORE THAN ONE TEAM UNLESS KNOWN FOR EACH TEAM APPEAR UNDER THE TEAM WITH WHICH THEY PLAYED THE BULK OF THEIR GAMES BUT BATTING AVERAGES ARE PRESENTED FOR EACH TEAM 4EAM TOTALS FOR MOST TEAMS EXCEPTING PITCHING WINS AND LOSSES AND BATTING AVERAGE ARE UNKNOWN
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.O HIT GAME VS #HICAGO *UNE
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.OTE )) /N *ULY PRIOR TO A 3UNDAY GAME AT "URNS 0ARK IN 3PRINGWELLS -ICHIGAN NOW A PART OF $ETROIT THE 7OLVERINES MANAGEMENT BARRED UMPIRE *OE #ANTILLON FROM THE GROUNDS AND THEN PLAYED #LEVELAND WITH A SUBSTITUTE UMPIRE #ANTILLON DECLARED THE GAME FORFEITED TO #LEVELAND EVEN THOUGH $ETROIT WON 9EAGER BEATING #HECH 4HE SUB UMPIRE GAME HAS BEEN THROWN OUT OF ALL RECORDS AND #LEVELANDS FORFEIT WIN HAS NEVER BEEN COUNTED BY ANY GUIDES EVEN THOUGH LEAGUE PRESIDENT "AN *OHNSON UPHELD IT IN AN !UGUST RULING
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' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 2 3H "ILL (ART "ILL (OFFER #HARLES "AKER "5& +IT -C+ENNA $ICK "RAGGINS #LAY &AUVER 3AM ! 2EUST :EKE 7ILSON !LFRED "URNS 3MYTHE #HARLIE #HECH "UMPUS *ONES 2IP %GAN !RCHIBALD +ERN 3EE "5&&!,/ 7ELCOME 'ASTON 3EE "5&&!,/ FORFEIT 7 VS $ETROIT ON *ULY
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' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 2 3H $OC !MOLE *OHN * +ERWIN #HARLIE (ASTINGS -), "UCK (OOKER &RANK &OREMAN #HARLES "AKER 3EE #,%6%,!.$ !RCHIBALD +ERN #,% +ID #ARSEY +# "ILLY -ILLIGAN ).$ %DWARD 0 &ERTSCH $AD #LARKE *ACOB * *IMESON #HUMMY 'RAY 3EE +!.3!3 #)49
.O HIT GAME VS $ETROIT !PRIL /PENING $AY
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' )0 ( '3 #' 7 , 3/ "" 2 3H 2ED %HRET $OC 0ARKER (ARVEY "AILEY :AZA (ARVEY 'ENE -C#ANN #HARLIE (ASTINGS 3EE "5&&!,/ * /SCAR "ANDELINE 4HEODORE 7 #ORBETT
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[nfbWdWj_ed e\ j^ [ fb Wo[ h h [ ] _ i j[ h 4HE PLAYER REGISTER CONTAINS THE VITAL STATISTICS AND THE CENTRAL BATTING STATISTICS OF EVERY MAN WHO PLAYED IN A MAJOR LEAGUE GAME BETWEEN AND EXCEPTING SOME MEN WHO WERE EI THER EXCLUSIVELY OR ELSE ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY PITCHERS 0ITCHERS FOUND IN THE PLAYER REGISTER ARE THERE EITHER BECAUSE THEY PLAYED A SIGNIlCANT NUMBER OF GAMES AT OTHER POSITIONS OR ELSE BECAUSE THEIR BATTING STATISTICS MERIT INCLUSION 7ITHIN THE PLAYER REGISTER PLAYERS ARE ORGANIZED INTO SUBREGISTERS BY POSITION 0LAYERS WHO PERFORMED AT MORE THAN ONE POSITION ARE FOUND AT THE POSITION WHERE THEY PLAYED THE MOST GAMES 0LAYERS WHO PLAYED AN EQUAL NUMBER OF GAMES AT TWO OR MORE POSITIONS ARE FOUND UNDER THE MOST DEMANDING POSITION THEY PLAYED )N THE NINETEENTH CENTURY THE POSITIONS IN ORDER OF DIFlCULTY WERE CATCHER SHORTSTOP THIRD BASE SECOND BASE OUTlELD lRST BASE 4HE PLAYERS IN EACH SUBREGISTER ARE LISTED ALPHABETICALLY BY SURNAME AND IF TWO OR MORE PLAYERS BEAR THE SAME SURNAME BY GIVEN NAMEIE IN THE OUTlELDERS SUBREGISTER 3MITH %L MER %LLSWORTH IS FOUND AHEAD OF 3MITH 7ILLIAM % AND 3MITH 7ILLIAM % IS FOUND AHEAD OF 3MITH 7ILLIAM * )N QUOTATION MARKS FOLLOWING A PLAYERS GIVEN NAME IS THE NAME OR NAMES HE WAS KNOWN BY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY *OHN -C'RAW FOR INSTANCE WAS CALLED h-UGSYv IN THE S BUT WAS NOT DUBBED h4HE ,ITTLE .APOLEONv UNTIL THE TWENTIETH CENTURY (ENCE THERE IS NO MENTION IN THE PLAYER REGISTER OF HIS MOST FAMOUS NICKNAME 7HEN A MAN PLAYED UNDER A NAME OTHER THAN HIS NAME AT BIRTH HIS PLAYING NAME IS FOLLOWED BY THE PART OF HIS BIRTH NAME THAT DIFFERED FROM ITIN MOST CASES HIS SURNAME ONLY &OLLOWING THE NAME OF EACH PLAYER IS A CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF THE TEAMS FOR WHICH HE PLAYED 3EE THE SAMPLE PLAYER $ENNIS *OSEPH -ACK BELOW FOR AN EXPLANATION OF THE YEAR ABBREVIATIONS 6ITAL STATISTICSBIRTH DATE AND BIRTHPLACE DEATH DATE HEIGHT WEIGHT BATTED THREWARE FURNISHED WHEN KNOWN 0LAYERS WHO ARE LISTED AS EITHER HAVING BATTED OR THROWN BOTH WAYS " HAVE BEEN DOCUMENTED AS HAVING USED BOTH ARMS TO PITCH OR BOTH SIDES OF THE PLATE WHEN BATTING DURING THEIR MAJOR LEAGUE CAREERS THOUGH NOT IN THE SAME SEASON IN EVERY CASE 'APS IN INFORMATION ARE INDICATED BY QUESTION MARKS OR BY THE WORD hUNKNOWNv 3INCE OUR KNOWLEDGE OF NINETEENTH CENTURY BASEBALL IS STILL GROWING WE EXPECT TO ELIMINATE SOMEIF NOT ALLOF THE GAPS IN FUTURE EDITIONS
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)N THE ABOVE SAMPLE FROM THE SUBREGISTER OF SHORTSTOPS WE SEE lRST THE PLAYERS SURNAME OF -ACK THEN HIS GIVEN lRST AND MIDDLE NAMES FOLLOWED IN QUOTATION MARKS BY THE NAME HE WAS MOST COMMONLY CALLED PLUS OTHER NICKNAMES BY WHICH HE WAS KNOWN ALIASES AKA IF ANY AND LASTLY THE NAME UNDER WHICH HE WAS BORN IF DIFFERENT FROM HIS PLAYING NAME )N THIS CASE ONLY THE LAST NAME OF -C'EE DIFFERS FROM THE NAME UNDER WHICH -ACK PLAYED &OLLOWING -ACKS BIRTH NAME IS A CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF HIS MAJOR LEAGUE SEASONS AND TEAMS BEGINNING IN AND ENDING IN 3EE BELOW FOR A LIST OF THE TEAM AND LEAGUE ABBREVIATIONS THAT FOLLOW THE YEAR NUMERALS -ACKS CAREER IS FOLLOWED BY HIS BIRTH DATE OR WHAT PART OF IT IS KNOWNHERE ONLY THE YEAR .EXT IS HIS PLACE OF BIRTH FOLLOWED BY HIS DEATH DATE 4HE REGISTER THEN INDICATES THAT -ACK BAT TED RIGHT THREW RIGHT STOOD | AND WEIGHED POUNDS )N HIS EIGHT YEAR CAREER -ACK PLAYED GAMES ' COMPILED AT BATS !" AND HITS ( SCORED RUNS 2 COLLECTED DOUBLES " TRIPLES " AND ONE HOME RUN (2 AND TOTALED 2") WALKS "" STRIKEOUTS 3/ AND STOLEN BASES 3" (E lNISHED WITH A CAREER BATTING AVERAGE "! A SLUGGING AVERAGE 3! AND A ON BASE PERCENTAGE /"0 .OTE THAT SEVERAL OF -ACKS CAREER DEPARTMENTS ARE UNDERSCORED MEANING THAT HIS TOTALS IN THOSE DEPARTMENTS ARE UNAVAILABLE FOR SOME SEASONS .OTE ALSO THAT AS IS THE CASE FOR EVERY MAN WHO PLAYED IN BOTH THE .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION AND ANOTHER MAJOR LEAGUE -ACKS .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION STATISTICS ARE INTE GRATED INTO HIS TOTAL MAJOR LEAGUE STATISTICS 5NLIKE OTHER ENCYCLOPEDIAS 4HE 'REAT %NCYCLOPEDIA OF .INETEENTH #ENTURY -AJOR ,EAGUE "ASEBALL RECOGNIZES THE .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION AS A MAJOR LEAGUE AND IS NOT BOUND BY MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALLS DECISION TO TREAT ITS STATISTICS SEPARATELY !S BUT ONE ARGUMENT AGAINST ANY SUCH SEPARATION THE .ATIONAL !SSOCIATION CONTAINED MOST OF THE BEST PROFESSIONAL PLAYERS OF ITS TIME WHEREAS THE MEN WHO PLAYED IN THE 5NION !SSOCIATION IN HAVE THEIR STATISTICS INTEGRATED INTO THEIR CAREER TOTALS BY MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL EVEN THOUGH THE 5NION !SSOCIATION WAS COMPRISED LARGELY OF CAREER MINOR LEAGUERS -ACK PLAYED CONTINUOUSLY IN THE MAJOR LEAGUES FROM THROUGH .OTE THAT FOLLOW ING HIS SEASON WITH 3T ,OUIS OF THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE THERE IS A GAP OF THREE YEARS BEFORE HE RETURNED TO THE MAJOR LEAGUES IN WITH "UFFALO -ACK WAS AGAIN OUT OF THE MAJOR LEAGUES IN BEFORE RETURNING IN WITH ,OUISVILLE OF THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION AND THEN lNISHING HIS MAJOR LEAGUE CAREER THE FOLLOWING YEAR WITH 0ITTSBURGH
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(ERE FROM THE OUTlELDERS SUBREGISTER IS A SECOND SAMPLE PLAYER WHOSE CHRONO LOGICAL LIST OF TEAMS REmECTS A PHENOMENON UNIQUE TO THE NINETEENTH CENTURY "IRTH $ATE "IRTH 0LACE
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.OTE THE #HI. )N THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 7ORLDS 3ERIES OR POSTSEASON ELIGIBILITY RULES WERE MUCH MORE LENIENT THAN THEY ARE TODAY ! YEAR AND TEAM IN PARENTHESES PRECEDED BY AN ASTERISK INDICATES THAT A MAN DID NOT PLAY FOR THAT TEAM DURING THE REGULAR SEASON BUT PLAYED FOR IT IN THE 7ORLDS 3ERIES THAT YEAR &OLLOWING THE LAST TWO NUMERALS OF THE YEAR IN WHICH A MAN PLAYED IS AN ABBREVIATION OF THE CITY WHERE HIS TEAM RESIDED 4HE ABBREVIATIONS FOLLOW !LT !LTOONA !TH 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS .! !TL "ROOKLYN !TLANTICS .! "AL "ALTIMORE "OS "OSTON "RO "ROOKLYN "UF "UFFALO #EN 0HILADELPHIA #ENTENNIALS .! #HI #HICAGO #IN #INCINNATI #LE #LEVELAND #OL #OLUMBUS $ET $ETROIT %CK "ROOKLYN %CKFORDS .! (AR (ARTFORD )ND )NDIANAPOLIS +# +ANSAS #ITY +EK &ORT 7AYNE .! ,OU ,OUISVILLE -AN -ANSlELD .! -AR -ARYLAND .! -IL -ILWAUKEE
-UT .EW 9ORK -UTUALS .! .AT 7ASHINGTON .ATIONALS .! .( .EW (AVEN .! .9 .EW 9ORK /LY 7ASHINGTON /LYMPICS .! 0HI 0HILADELPHIA 0IT 0ITTSBURGH 0RO 0ROVIDENCE 2EDS 3T ,OUIS 2EDS .! 2ES %LIZABETH 2ESOLUTES .! 2OC 2OCHESTER 2OK 2OCKFORD .! 3T, 3T ,OUIS 3T0 3T 0AUL 3YR 3YRACUSE 4OL 4OLEDO 4RO 4ROY 6IR 6IRGINIA 7AS 7ASHINGTON 7ES +EOKUK .! 7IL 7ILMINGTON 7OR 7ORCESTER
&OLLOWING THE YEAR AND TEAM INFORMATION IS THE SYMBOL FOR THE LEAGUE .! . ! 5 0
.ATIONAL !SSOCIATION n .ATIONAL ,EAGUE n !MERICAN !SSOCIATION n 5NION !SSOCIATION 0LAYERS ,EAGUE
.OTE 4O SIMPLIFY THE READERS TASK IN FOLLOWING A CAREER LINE TEAMS IN THE PLAYER PITCHER AND MANAGERS REGISTERS ARE DESIGNATED . DURING THE n PERIOD WHEN THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE WAS
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OFlCIALLY KNOWN AS THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE AND !SSOCIATION ALTHOUGH ELSEWHERE IN THE BOOK WHEN A SPECIlC SEASON OR ACHIEVEMENT IS CITED THESE TEAMS ARE DESIGNATED ,! /THER SYMBOLS
PRIOR TO A PLAYERS NAME INDICATES THAT HE HAD A BROTHER OR BROTHERS WHO ALSO PLAYED IN THE MAJOR LEAGUES ALTHOUGH NOT ALWAYS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY PRIOR TO A PLAYERS NAME INDICATES THAT HE HAD A SON OR SONS WHO ALSO PLAYED IN THE MAJOR LEAGUES IN EVERY CASE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
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(ARTSEL 4ULLY &REDERICK h4OPSYv n,OU. #IN. 0OLK /HIO , ,
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*OHNSTON 2ICHARD &REDERICK h$ICKv 6IR! n"OS. "OS0 .90 #IN! +INGSTON .9 2 2
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+ALBFUS #HARLES (ENRY h#HARLIEv h3KINNYv 7AS5 7ASHINGTON $# 2 2
+APPEL *OSEPH h*OEv 0HI .0HI! 0HILADELPHIA 0A
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+ELLEY *OSEPH *AMES h*OEv "OS. 0IT. n"AL. n"RO. #AMBRIDGE -ASS 2 2
+ELLY -ICHAEL *OSEPH h-IKEv h+INGv n#IN. n#HI. n"OS. "OS0 #IN! "OS! n"OS. .9. 4ROY .9 2 2
+ELLY 7ILLIAM * h"ILLv +EK.! 5NKNOWN .EW 9ORK .9 5NKNOWN
+ELTY *OHN *AMES h*OHNv h#HIEFv 0IT. *ERSEY #ITY .*
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+ILEY *OHN &REDERICK h*OHNv 7AS! "OS. $EDHAM -ASS , ,
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+NIGHT *ONAH 7ILLIAM h*OEv h1UIET *OEv 0HI. #IN. 0ORT 3TANLEY , , /NT #AN
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-C!LLISTER ,EWIS 7ILLIAM h3PORTv h4EXAS *ACKv n#LE. !USTIN -ISS " 2
-ATTIMORE -ICHAEL *OSEPH h-IKEv .9. n0HI! +#! "RO! 2ENOVA 0A , ,
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-C'UNNIGLE 7ILLIAM (ENRY h"ILLv h'UNNERv n"UF. 7OR. #LE. "OSTON -ASS 2 2
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6AN (ALTREN 'EORGE %DWARD -ARTIN h'EORGEv h2IPv n#HI. "RO0 "AL! "AL. n0IT. n.9. 3T ,OUIS -O , ,
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7HITNEY &RANK 4HOMAS h&RANKv h*UMBOv "OS. "ROCKTON -ASS 2 2
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7RIGHT 7ILLIAM 3MITH h2ASTYv 3YR! #LE. "IRMINGHAM -ICH ,
7YLIE *AMES 2ENWICK h2ENv 0IT! %LIZABETH 0A
7YMAN &RANK ( h&RANKv +#5 #HIn0IT5 (AVERHILL -ASS
9EATMAN 7ILLIAM 3UTER h"ILLv .AT.! !LEXANDRIA 6A
7RIGHT *OEL 3 h*OEv h2EDv n,OU. 0IT. /SHKOSH 7IS 5NKNOWN , 2
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!HEARN 7ILLIAM h"ILLv 4RO. 5NKNOWN 4ROY .9 5NKNOWN
!LEXANDER 7ILLIAM (ENRY h.INv +AN5 3T,! 0ANA )LL 2 2
!LLEN (EZEKIAH h+Iv 0HI. 7ESTPORT #ONN
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!RUNDEL *OHN 4HOMAS h4UGv 0HI! 4OL! )ND. 7AS. 2OMULUS .9 2
"AKER 'EORGE & h'EORGEv "AL! 3T,5 3T,. +#. 3T ,OUIS -O 5NKNOWN
"ALDWIN #LARENCE 'EOGHAN h+IDv +#5 #HIn0IT5 n#IN! #IN. 0HI! .EWPORT +Y 2 2
"ANCKER *OHN h3TUDv .(.! 5NKNOWN 0HILADELPHIA 0A 5NKNOWN
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"ARRETT -ARTIN & h-ARTYv "OS. )ND! 0ORT (ENRY .9 2 2
"ANNING *AMES - h*IMv 7AS. 7AS. .EW 9ORK .9 , 2
"ARLOW 4HOMAS ( h4OMv n!TL.! (AR.! .(.! !TL.! .EW 9ORK .9 5NKNOWN
"ARRETT 7ILLIAM h"ILLv +EK.! /LY.! "AL.! 5NKNOWN "ALTIMORE -D 5NKNOWN
"EADLE $AVID ! h$AVEv AKA "EATLE $ET. .EW 9ORK .9 ,
"EGLEY %UGENE 4 h'ENEv .9. "ROOKLYN .9 5NKNOWN
"ELL &RANK 'USTAV h&RANKv "RO! #INCINNATI /HIO
"ENNETT #HARLES 7ESLEY h#HARLIEv -IL. 7OR. n$ET. n"OS. .EW #ASTLE 0A 2 2
"ERGEN -ARTIN h-ARTYv n"OS. . "ROOKlELD -ASS
"ELLMAN *OHN (UTCHINS h*ACKv h(APPY *ACKv 3T,! 4AYLORSVILLE +Y
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"ERGH *OHN "APTIST h*OHNv 0HI. "OS. "OSTON -ASS
"ESTICK 7ILLIAM h7ILLIAMv %CK.! 5NKNOWN .EW 9ORK .9 5NKNOWN
"IGNELL 'EORGE h'EORGEv -IL5 4AUNTON -ASS
"LIGH %DWIN &ORREST h.EDv "AL! #IN! n#OL! ,OU! "ROOKLYN .9 2 2
"LOGG 7ESLEY #OLLINS h7ESv 0IT! .ORFOLK 6A
"OWERMAN &RANK %UGENE h-IKEv h&RANKv n"AL. n0IT. .9. 2OMEO -ICH 2 2
"OWES &RANK - h&RANKv "RO! "ATH .9
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"OOTH !MOS 3MITH h!MOSv h4HE ,ITTLE $ARLINGv n#IN. #IN. "AL! ,OU! ,EBANON /HIO 2 2
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"RANSlELD 7ILLIAM %DWARD h+ITTYv "OS. 7ORCESTER -ASS
"RENNAN *AMES !UGUSTUS h*ACKv B *OHN 'OTTLEIB $OERING 3T,5 3T,. +#! 0HI! #LE0 3T ,OUIS -O 5NKNOWN
"RIGGS 'RANT h'RANTv 3YR! ,OU! 3T,. ,OU. 0ITTSBURGH 0A
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"ROUGHTON #ECIL #ALVERT h#ALv #LE. "AL! -IL5 3T,! .9! $ET. -AGNOLIA 7IS 2 2
"ROWN ,EWIS * h,EWv h"LOWERv n"OS. n0RO. #HI. $ET. 0RO. "OS. ,OU! "OS5 ,EOMINSTER -ASS 2 2
"UCKLEY 2ICHARD $ h$ICKv n)ND. n.9. n3T,. n0HI. 4ROY .9 2 2
"UELOW &REDERICK 7ILLIAM !LEXANDER h&RITZv n3T,. "ERLIN 'ERMANY 2 2
"ULLAS 3IMEON %DWARD h3IMv 4OL! #LEVELAND /HIO
"USHONG !LBERT *OHN h$OCv !TL.! 0HI. n7OR. n#LE. n3T,! n"RO. 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2 2
"UTLER 2ICHARD ( h$ICKv ,OU. 7AS. "ROOKLYN .9
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#ARROLL &REDERICK (ERBERT h&REDv h"IG (EADv #OL! n0IT! n0IT. 0IT0 0IT. 3ACRAMENTO #A 2 2
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#LARK 2OBERT ( h"OBv n"RO! "RO. #IN. ,OU. #OVINGTON +Y 2 2
#LARKE !RTHUR &RANKLIN h!RTIEv n.9. 0ROVIDENCE 2)
#LARKE 7ILLIAM *ONES h"OILERYARDv h"ILLv n"AL. n"OS. .EW 9ORK .9 2 2
#LEMENTS *OHN * h*ACKv 0HI5 n0HI. 3T,. #LE. "OS. 0HILADELPHIA 0A " ,
#OLGAN 7ILLIAM ( h%Dv 0IT! 5NKNOWN % 3T ,OUIS )LL
#ARROLL 0ATRICK h0ATv !LT5 0HI5 0HILADELPHIA 0A
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#OLLINS 7ILLIAM * h"ILLv .9! n0HI! #LE. 3T,. $UBLIN )RELAND 2 2
#ONNELL 4ERENCE ' h4ERRYv #HI.! 0HILADELPHIA 0A
#ONNOR *OSEPH &RANCIS h*OEv 3T,. "OS. 7ATERBURY #ONN 2 2
#ONWAY 7ILLIAM & h"ILLv 0HI. "AL! ,OWELL -ASS 2 2
#OOK 0AUL h0AULv 0HI. n,OU! "RO. ,OU! 3T,! #ALEDONIA .9 2 2
#ORCORAN *OHN ( h*ACKv "RO! ,OWELL -ASS
#OTE (ENRY *OSEPH h(ENRYv h"ADGERv n,OU. 4ROY .9
#OTTER 4HOMAS "ENEDICT h4OMv "OS! 7ALTHAM -ASS
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#RIGER ,OUIS h,OUv n#LE. n3T,. %LKHART )ND 2 2
#ROSS !MOS # h!MOSv B %MILE +RIZ n,OU! -ILWAUKEE 7IS
#ROTTY *OSEPH 0 h*OEv ,OU! 3T,! #IN5 ,OU! .9! #INCINNATI /HIO 2 2
#ROWLEY *OHN ! h*OHNv 0HI. ,AWRENCE -ASS
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#USICK !NDREW $ANIEL h4ONYv h!NDYv 7IL5 n0HI! &ALL 2IVER -ASS 2 2
$AILY #ORNELIUS & h#ONv 0HI5 0RO. n"OS. n)ND. "RO0 n"RO. #HI. "LACKSTONE -ASS , 2
$ANIELS ,AWRENCE ,ONG h,AWv "AL! +#! .EWTON -ASS 2 2
$ARLING #ONRAD h$ELLv h7EINERv "UF. n#HI. #HI0 3T,! %RIE 0A 2 2
$EALEY 0ATRICK % h0ATv 3T05 n"OS. 7AS. 3YR! 5NDERHILL 6T 2 2
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$ONAHUE *AMES !UGUSTUS h*IMv n.9! n+#! #OL! ,OCKPORT )LL 2 2
$ONAHUE *OHN !UGUSTUS h*IGGSv 0IT. 3PRINGlELD /HIO
$ONAHUE 4IMOTHY #ORNELIUS h4IMv h"RIDGETv "OS! n#HI. 2AYNHAM -ASS , 2
$ONOVAN &REDERICK -AURICE h&REDv #LE. %PPING .(
$OUGLASS 7ILLIAM "INGHAM h+LONDIKEv n3T,. n0HI. "OSTON 0A , 2
$OWSE 4HOMAS *OSEPH h4OMv #LE. #OL! ,OU. #IN. 0HI. 7AS. -OHILL )RELAND 2 2
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$UNCAN *AMES 7ILLIAM h7HITEYv h*IMv 7AS. #LE. 3ALTSBURG 0A 2 2
$WIGHT !LBERT 7ARD h!Lv +#5 .EW 9ORK .9
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%BRIGHT (IRAM # h"UCKv 7AS. ,ANCASTER #O 0A
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%WING 7ILLIAM h"UCKv n4RO. n.9. .90 n.9. n#LE. n#IN. (OAGLAND /HIO 2 2
&AGIN &REDERICK ( h&REDv 3T,. 5NKNOWN #INCINNATI /HIO 5NKNOWN
&ARMER 7ILLIAM h"ILLv 0IT. 0HI! $UBIN )RELAND 5NKNOWN
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&ARRELL #HARLES !NDREW h$UKEv n#HI. #HI0 "OS! 0IT. 7AS. n.9. n7AS. n"RO. /AKDALE -ASS " 2
&ARROW *OHN *ACOB h*OHNv 2ES.! !TL.! "RO! 6ERPLANCK .9 , 2
&IELD 3AMUEL *AY h3AMv #EN.! 7AS.! #IN. 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2 2
&INLEY 7ILLIAM *AMES h"ILLv .9. .EW 9ORK .9
&ISHER .EWTON h.EWTv h)KEv 0HI. .ASHVILLE 4ENN
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&LINT &RANK 3YLVESTER h3ILVERv 2EDS.! )ND. n#HI. 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2 2
&LYNN -ICHAEL * h-IKEv "OS! #O +ILDARE )RELAND
&OSTER 2OBERT ' h"OBv 0HI! 0HI5 3CHUYLKILL 0A 5NKNOWN
&REUND ,AWRENCE ,ENTZ h&RANKv B &REDERICK &REUND ,OU. *EFFERSONVILLE )ND 2
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'ARDNER !LEXANDER h!LEX 7AS! 4ORONTO /NT #AN
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'ILLIGAN !NDREW "ERNARD h"ARNEYv !TL.! n#LE. n0RO. n7AS. $ET. #AMBRIDGE -ASS 2 2
'ILMORE *AMES h*IMv 7AS.! "ALTIMORE -D
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'RADY -ICHAEL 7ILLIAM h-IKEv n0HI. 3T,. n.9. +ENNETT 3QUARE 0A 2 2
'RAFF ,OUIS 'EORGE h,OUISv h#HAPPIEv 3YR! 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2
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'RIM *OHN (ELM h*OHNv 0HI. 2OC! -IL! n,OU. n"RO. ,EBANON +Y 2 2
'ROSS %MIL -ICHAEL h%MILv h%Mv n0RO. 0HI. #HIn0IT5 #HICAGO )LL 2 2
'UINEY "ENJAMIN &RANKLIN h"ENv n$ET. $ETROIT -ICH " 2
'UNKLE &REDERICK 7ILLIAM h&REDv #LE. 2EADING 0A
'UNSON *OSEPH "ROOK h*OEv h'UNNIEv 7AS5 +#! "AL. 3T,. #LE. 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2 2
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(ARRINGTON *EREMIAH 0ETER h*ERRYv n#IN. ,OU. +EOKUK )OWA 2 2
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(ASTINGS 7INlELD 3COTT h3COTTv 2OK.! #LE.! n"AL.! (AR.! #HI.! ,OU. #IN. (ILLSBORO /HIO 2 2
(AYES *OHN * h*ACKIEv 7OR. n0IT! n"RO! 7AS. "AL! "RO0 "ROOKLYN .9 2
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(INES -ICHAEL 0 h-IKEv n"OS. "RO! 0RO. "OS. )RELAND 2 ,
(OFFMAN /TTO #HARLES h(ICKEYv #LE. #LEVELAND /HIO
(OLBERT 7ILLIAM (ENRY h"ILLv ,OU. -IL. 3YR. n4RO. n.9! "RO! "ALTIMORE -D 2 2
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(ART 4HOMAS (ENRY h4OMv h"USHYv 7AS! #ANAAN .9
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(UMPHRIES *OHN (ENRY h*ACKv .9. 7AS! .9. . 'OWER /NT #AN , ,
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)NGRAHAM #HARLES 7 h#HARLIEv "AL! #HICAGO )LL
(UNTER 7ILLIAM & h"ILLv ,OU! 3T 4HOMAS /NT #AN 5NKNOWN
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*ACKLITSCH &REDERICK ,AWRENCE h&REDv 0HI. "ROOKLYN .9 2 2
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*EWETT .ATHAN 7 h.ATv %CK.! .EW 9ORK .9
*ONES 7ILLIAM h"ILLv "AL! 0HI5 5NKNOWN 3YRACUSE .9 5NKNOWN
+EENAN *AMES 7ILLIAM h*IMv .(.! "UF. 0IT! )ND! n#IN! n#IN. .EW (AVEN #ONN 2 2
+ELLY *OHN &RANCIS h+ICKv h&ATHERv #LE. #LE. "AL! 0HI. #IN5 7AS5 0ATERSON .* 2 2
+ELLY *OHN / h(ONEST *OHNv 3YR. 4RO. .EW 9ORK .9
+EMMLER 2UDOLPH h2UDYv B +EMLER 0RO. #LE. #IN! 0IT! n#OL! 0IT! 3T,! #OL! #HICAGO )LL 2 2
+ENNEDY -ICHAEL *OSEPH h$OCv n#LE. "UF. "ROOKLYN .9 2 2
+INSLOW 4HOMAS & h4OMv 7AS. .9! "RO0 n"RO. 0IT. ,OU. 7AS. 3T,. 7ASHINGTON $# 2 2
+ITTRIDGE -ALACHI *EDDIDAH h-ALv h*EDv n#HI. n,OU. 7AS. #LINTON -ASS 2 2
+LING *OHN h*OHNNYv h.OISYv #HI. +ANSAS #ITY -O
+AHOE -ICHAEL *OSEPH h-IKEv #IN. n#IN. 9ELLOW 3PRINGS /HIO 2 2
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+NOWDELL *ACOB !UGUSTUS h*AKEv n!TL.! -IL. "ROOKLYN .9 5NKNOWN
+RIEG 7ILLIAM &REDERICK h"ILLv #HIn0IT5 #HI. "RO! n7AS. 0ETERSBURG )LL 2 2
,AKE &REDERICK ,OVETT h&REDv "OS. ,OU. "OS. 0IT. #ORNWALLIS .OVA 3COTIA 2 2
,ATIMER #LIFFORD 7ESLEY h4ACKSv .9. ,OU. 0IT. ,OVELAND /HIO 2 2
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-ACK #ORNELIUS !LEXANDER h#ONNIEv B -C'ILLICUDDY n7AS. "UF0 n0IT. % "ROOKlELD -ASS 2 2
-AHONEY $ANIEL * h$ANv #IN. 7AS. 3PRINGlELD -ASS 2 2
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-ANLOVE #HARLES (ENRY 7EEKS h#HARLIEv h#HICKv !LT5 .9. 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2 2
-C#AFFREY #HARLES 0 h3PARROWv #OL! 0HI! 0HILADELPHIA 0A
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-C#AULEY 0ATRICK & h0ATv 3T,. 7AS. 7ARE -ASS 2
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-C'INLEY 4IMOTHY 3 h4IMv #EN.! .(.! "OS. 5NKNOWN 0HILADELPHIA 0A
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-ILLER 'EORGE &REDERICK h$OGGIEv h&OGHORNv h#ALLIOPEv n0IT! n0IT. n3T,. ,OU. "ROOKLYN .9 2 2
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/"RIEN *OHN + h*ACKv h0HILADELPHIA *ACKv B "YRNE n0HI! "RO! "AL! 0HI! 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2 2
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2EIPSCHLAGER #HARLES 7 h#HARLIEv n.9! #LE! 5NKNOWN 2 2
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2OLLINSON 7ILLIAM (ENRY h7ILLIAMv B 7INSLOW 7AS5 &AIRlELD -E
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2OXBURGH *AMES ! h*IMv "AL! 0HI! 3AN &RANCISCO #A 2 2
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3CHELLHASE !LBERT (ERMAN h!Lv h3CHELLEYv "OS. ,OU! %VANSVILLE )ND 2 2
3CHRECONGOST /SSEE &REEMAN h/SSEEv h3HRIEKING 'HOSTv AKA 3CHRECK ,OU. #LE. 3T, #LE 3T,. .EW "ETHLEHEM 0A 2 2
3CHRIVER 7ILLIAM &REDERICK h0OPv "RO! n0HI. n#HI. .9. #IN. n0IT. "ROOKLYN .9 2 2
3CHULZE *OHN ( h*OHNv 3T,! 3T ,OUIS -O
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3IFFEL &RANK h&RANKv n0HI! 'ERMANY
3CHWARTZ 7ILLIAM !UGUST h0OPv h"ILLv h3COOPER "ILLv #OL! #IN5 *AMESTOWN +Y 2 2
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3OMMERS *OSEPH !NDREWS h!NDYv h0ETEv .9! "OS. #HI. )ND. .9. #LE. #LEVELAND /HIO 2 2
3TALLINGS 'EORGE 4WEEDY h'EORGEv "RO. n0HI. !UGUSTA 'A 2 2
3TANTON 4HOMAS 0ATRICK h4OMv 3T,. 3T ,OUIS -O
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3TRAUB *OSEPH h*OEv 4RO. 0HI! #OL! -ILWAUKEE 7IS 2 2
3TRICK #HARLES % h#HARLIEv B 3TRECK AKA 3TRIKE ,OU! %RIE 0A
3TRUEVE !LBERT &REDERICK h!Lv 3T,! #INCINNATI /HIO
3TYNES #ORNELIUS 7ILLIAM h.EILv #LE0 !RLINGTON -ASS
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3UGDEN *OSEPH h*OEv n0IT. 3T,. #LE. 0HILADELPHIA 0A " 2
3ULLIVAN $ANIEL # h$ANv h,INKv n,OU! 3T,! 0IT! 0ROVIDENCE 2) 2
3UCK !NTHONY h4ONYv B #HARLES !NTHONY :UCK "UF. #HIn0IT5 "AL5 #HICAGO )LL 5NKNOWN
3ULLIVAN 4HOMAS *EFFERSON h3LEEPERv h)RON (ANDSv "UF. n3T,! 3T,5 )RELAND 2 2
3ULLIVAN 7ILLIAM *OSEPH 3R h"ILLYv n"OS. /AKLAND 7IS 2 2
3UMMERS 7ILLIAM h+IDv 3T,. 4ORONTO /NT #AN
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3WEENEY *OHN * h2OONEYv "AL! "AL5 3T,. .EW 9ORK .9 5NKNOWN
3WETT 7ILLIAM % h0OPv "OS0 3AN &RANCISCO #A
4ATE %DWARD #HRISTOPHER h%DDIEv h0OPv h$IMPLESv n"OS. n"AL! 2ICHMOND 6A 2 ,
4ERRELL *OHN 4HOMAS h4OMv ,OU! ,OUISVILLE +Y
4HOMPSON !NDREW - h!NDREWv h!-v 7AS.! )LLINOIS 5NKNOWN
4OWNSEND 'EORGE (ODSON h'EORGEv h3LEEPYv n0HI! n"AL! (ARTSDALE .9 2 2
4RAFmEY 7ILLIAM &RANKLIN h"ILLv #HI. #IN! n"AL! 3TATEN )SLAND .9 2 2
4RAY *AMES h%Dv h*IMv B 4RAHEY )ND! *ACKSON -ICH
4ROST -ICHAEL * h-IKEv 3T,! ,OU. 0HILADELPHIA 0A
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4ROTT 3AMUEL 7 h3AMv "OS. n$ET. n"AL! n"AL! 7ASHINGTON $# , ,
4WINEHAM !RTHUR 3 h!RTv h/LD (OSSv n3T,. 'ALESBURG )LL 5NKNOWN , ,
6ADEBONCOUER /NESIME %UGENE h'ENEv 0HI. ,OUISEVILLE 1UE #AN 5NKNOWN 2 2
6ALENTINE 2OBERT h"OBv .9. 5NKNOWN 5NKNOWN 5NKNOWN
6AUGHN (ARRY &RANCIS h&ARMERv #IN! n,OU! .90 #IN! -IL! n#IN. 2URALDALE /HIO 2 2
7ALKER -OSES &LEETWOOD h-OSESv h&LEETv 4OL! -T 0LESANT /HIO 2 2
7ALKER 7ALTER 3 h7ALTv $ET. "ERLIN -ICH
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7ARNER *OHN *OSEPH h*OHNv h*ACKv "OS. n,OU. n.9. .EW 9ORK .9 " 2
7EBER (ENRY * h(ARRYv )ND5 .EW 9ORK
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7HITING %DWARD # h%Dv "AL! n,OU! 7AS. 7ESTCHESTER 0A 5NKNOWN , 2
7ILSON (ENRY # h(ENRYv "AL. "ALTIMORE -D 5NKNOWN
7ILSON 0ARKE !SEL h0ARKEv n.9. +EITHSBURG )LL
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7ILSON 7ILLIAM ' h"ILLv h$IRTY "ILLv 0IT. n,OU. (ANNIBAL -O 2
7ISE .ICHOLAS *OSEPH h.ICKv "OS. "OSTON -ASS
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7OLSTENHOLME !BRAHAM 7ILLIAM h!BEv 0HI. 0HILADELPHIA 0A
7OOD &REDERICK ,LEWELLYN h&REDv $ET. "UF. (AMILTON /NT #AN 5NKNOWN 2
7OOD 2OBERT ,YNN h"OBv h-AJORv n#IN. 4HORN (ILL /HIO 2 2
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:EARFOSS $AVID 7ILLIAM 4ILDEN h$AVEv n.9. 3CHENECTADY .9 2
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:IMMER #HARLES ,OUIS h#HIEFv $ET. .9! n#LE! n#LE. ,OU. 0IT. -ARIETTA /HIO 2 2
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"OYD *ACOB (ENRY h*AKEv n7AS. -ARTINSBURG 7 6A
"ALDWIN #HARLES "USTED h,ADYv -IL5 n$ET. "RO. "UF0 /RAMEL .9 2 ,
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"RAINARD !SA h!SAv h#OUNTv n/LY.! -AN.! n"AL.! !LBANY .9 2
"REITENSTEIN 4HEODORE 0 h4EDv h4HEOv 3T,! n3T,. n#IN. 3T ,OUIS -O , ,
"UFlNTON #HARLES ' h#HARLIEv n"OS. n0HI. 0HI0 "OS! "AL. &ALL 2IVER -ASS 2 2
#ALLAHAN *AMES *OSEPH h*IMMYv 0HI. n#HI. &ITCHBURG -ASS 2 2
#LARKSON *OHN 'IBSON h*OHNv 7OR. n#HI. n"OS. n#LE. #AMBRIDGE -ASS 2 2
$UNN *OHN *OSEPH h*ACKv n"RO. 0HI. -EADSVILLE 0A 2 2
$WYER *OHN &RANCIS h&RANKv n#HI. #HI0 #IN! -IL! 3T,. n#IN. ,EE -ASS 2 2
&ERGUSON #HARLES * h#HARLIEv n0HI. #HARLOTTESVILLE 6A
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&OREMAN &RANCIS )SIAH h&RANKv h-ONKEYv #HIn0IT5 +#5 "AL! "AL! #IN. 7AS! 7AS. "AL. .9. n#IN. "ALTIMORE -D , ,
&RIEND $ANIEL 3EBASTIAN h$ANNYv n#HI. #INCINNATI /HIO , ,
'RIFlTH #LARK #ALVIN h#LARKv 3T,! "OS! n#HI. #LEAR #REEK -O 2 2
'UMBERT !DDISON #OURTNEY h!Dv n#HI. "OS0 n#HI. n0IT. n"RO. 0HI. 0ITTSBURGH 0A 2 2
(AWLEY %MERSON 0 h0INKv n3T,. n0IT. n#IN. .9. "EAVER $AM 7IS , 2
(UDSON .ATHANIEL 0 h.ATv n3T,! #HICAGO )LL
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+EEFE 4IMOTHY *OHN h4IMv h3IR 4IMOTHYv n4RO. n.9! n.9. .90 .9. n0HI. #AMBRIDGE -ASS 2 2
+ENNEDY 7ILLIAM 0 h"ILLv h2OARING "ILLv h"RICKYARDv n"RO. "ELLAIRE /HIO 2 2
+ISSINGER 7ILLIAM &RANCIS h"ILLv h3HANGv "AL. n3T,. $AYTON +Y 2 2
+ITSON &RANK , h&RANKv h+ITTYv n"AL. "RO. (OPKINS -ICH , 2
+LOBEDANZ &REDERICK !UGUSTUS h&REDv n"OS. 7ATERBURY #ONN , ,
,UBY *OHN 0ERKINS h*ACKv n#HI. ,OU. #HARLESTON 3# 2
-ADDEN -ICHAEL *OSEPH h+IDv n"OS. "OS0 "OS! "AL! 0ORTLAND -E , ,
-ATHEWS 2OBERT 4 h"OBBYv +EK.! "AL.! n-UT.! .9. #IN. 0RO. 0RO. n"OS. n0HI! "ALTIMORE -D 2 2
-AUL !LBERT *OSEPH h!Lv h3MILING !Lv h"ERRYv 0HI5 0HI. n0IT. 0IT0 0IT. n7AS. n"AL. "RO. 0HI. 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2 2
-C'ILL 7ILLIAM 6ANESS h7ILLIEv h+IDv h4HE "OY "OOZERv #LE0 #IN! 3T,! #IN. n#HI. n0HI. !TLANTA 'A ,
-EEKIN *OUETT h*OUETTv h*Ov ,OU! ,OU. n7AS. n.9. "OS. .9. 0IT. .EW !LBANY )ND 2 2
-ERCER 'EORGE "ARCLAY h7INv n7AS. .9. #HESTER 7 6A 2 2
-OUNTAIN &RANK (ENRY h&RANKv 4RO. $ET. 7OR. 0HI! 7OR. n#OL! n0IT! &T %DWARDS .9 2 2
-ULLANE !NTHONY *OHN h4ONYv h#OUNTv h4HE !POLLO /F 4HE "OXv $ET. ,OU! 3T,! 4OL! n#IN! n#IN. n"AL. #LE. #ORK )RELAND " "
/RTH !LBERT ,EWIS h!Lv h4HE #URVELESS 7ONDERv n0HI. 4IPTON )ND , 2
2ICHMOND * ,EE h,EEv "OS. n7OR. 0RO. #IN! 3HEFlELD /HIO ,
2USIE !MOS 7ILSON h!MOSv h4HE (OOSIER 4HUNDERBOLTv )ND. n.9. n.9. -OORESVILLE )ND 2 2
3ANDERS !LEXANDER "ENNETT h"ENv n0HI. 0HI0 0HI! ,OU. #ATHARPIN 6A 2 2
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3TOCKSDALE /TIS (INKLEY h/TISv h/LD 'RAY &OXv n7AS. "OS. "AL. !RCADIA -D , 2
3TRATTON # 3COTT h3COTTv n,OU! 0IT. ,OU! n,OU. #HI. #HI. #AMPBELLSBURG +Y , 2
3WEENEY #HARLES * h#HARLIEv n0RO. 3TL5 n3T,. #LE! 3AN &RANCISCO #A 2 2
4ANNEHILL *ESSE .ILES h*ESSEv h0OWDERv #IN. n0IT. $AYTON +Y " ,
4AYLOR *OHN "UDD h*ACKv h"REWERY *ACKv .9. n0HI. 3T,. #IN. 7 .EW "RIGHTON .9 2 2
3EYMOUR *AMES "ENTLEY h#Yv n.9. !LBANY .9
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3PALDING !LBERT 'OODWILL h!Lv n"OS.! n#HI. "YRON )LL 2 2
4AYLOR 7ILLIAM (ENRY h"ILLYv h"OLLICKY "ILLYv h*UMBOv 7OR. $ET. #LE. n0IT! 3T,5 n0HI! "AL! 0HI! 7ASHINGTON $# 2 2
4ERRY 7ILLIAM ( h"ILLv h!DONISv n"RO! n"RO. "AL. n0IT. n#HI. 7ESTlELD -ASS 2 2
4OOLE 3TEPHEN *OHN h3TEVEv n"RO! +#! "RO! .EW /RLEANS ,A 2 ,
7HITNEY *AMES %VANS h*IMv h'RASSHOPPERv n"OS. +#. n7AS. )ND. 0HI! #ONKLIN .9 , 2
7IEDMAN 'EORGE % h3TUMPv B 7IEDMAN "UF. n$ET. +#. $ET. .9! n.9. 2OCHESTER .9 2 2
4HE PITCHERS IN THIS SECTION FOR THE MOST PART EITHER WERE OUTSTANDING HITTERS OR PLAYED EXTENSIVELY AT OTHER POSITIONS BUT NOT ENOUGH AT ANY ONE POSITION TO BE INCLUDED IN THE 0LAYER 2EGISTER 3OME LIKE 4IM +EEFE 7ILLIE -C'ILL AND *OHN #LARKSON ARE HERE TO ENCOURAGE THE READER TO EXAMINE THEIR YEARLY BATTING PERFORMANCES IN THE !NNUAL 2ECORD +EEFE AND -C'ILL BOTH COLLECTED AN EXTRAORDINARY NUMBER OF WALKS FOR LOWnAVERAGE HITTERS AND #LARKSON HIT WITH EXCEPTIONAL POWER
[nfbWdWj_ed e\ j^ [ f_j Y ^ [ h h [ ] _ i j[ h 4HE PITCHER REGISTER CONTAINS THE VITAL STATISTICS AND THE CENTRAL PITCHING STATISTICS OF EVERY MAN WHO PITCHED IN A MAJOR LEAGUE GAME BETWEEN AND -EN WHO PLAYED MORE THAN HALF THEIR GAMES AT ANOTHER POSITION BESIDES PITCHER OR WHO COMPILED SIGNIlCANT CAREER BATTING STATISTICS CAN ALSO BE FOUND IN ONE OF THE PLAYER SUBREGISTERS (OWEVER A MAN IN THE PITCHERS REGISTER WHO ALSO PLAYED OTHER POSITIONS BUT SPENT ONLY ONE SEASON IN THE MAJOR LEAGUES AS A RULE DOES NOT APPEAR IN A PLAYER SUBREGISTER SINCE ALL OF HIS CENTRAL CAREER BATTING STATISTICS ARE AVAIL ABLE IN THE ANNUAL RECORD SECTION UNDER THE TEAM OR TEAMS FOR WHICH HE PLAYED 4HE MEN IN THE PITCHERS REGISTER ARE LISTED ALPHABETICALLY BY SURNAME AND IF TWO OR MORE PLAY ERS BEAR THE SAME SURNAME BY GIVEN NAMEIE 3ULLIVAN -ICHAEL *OSEPH IS FOUND AHEAD OF 3ULLIVAN 4HOMAS AND 3ULLIVAN 4HOMAS IS IN TURN FOUND AHEAD OF 3ULLIVAN 4HOMAS *EFFER SON )N QUOTATION MARKS FOLLOWING A PITCHERS GIVEN NAME IS THE NAME OR NAMES HE WAS KNOWN BY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY #HRISTY -ATHEWSON FOR INSTANCE WAS CALLED h-ATTYv AS A ROOKIE IN BUT WAS NOT DUBBED h4HE "IG 3IXv UNTIL SEVERAL YEARS LATER (ENCE THERE IS NO MENTION IN THE PITCHERS REGISTER OF HIS MOST FAMOUS NICKNAME 7HEN A MAN PLAYED UNDER A NAME OTHER THAN HIS NAME AT BIRTH HIS PLAYING NAME IS FOLLOWED BY THE PART OF HIS BIRTH NAME THAT DIFFERED FROM ITIN MOST CASES HIS SURNAME ONLY &OLLOWING THE NAME OF EACH PITCHER IS A CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF THE TEAMS FOR WHICH HE PLAYED 3EE THE SAMPLE PLAYER *AMES * ,ILLIE FOR AN EXPLANATION OF THE YEAR ABBREVIATIONS 6ITAL STATISTICSBIRTH DATE AND BIRTHPLACE DEATH DATE HEIGHT WEIGHT BATTED THREWARE FURNISHED WHEN KNOWN 'APS IN INFORMATION ARE INDICATED EITHER BY QUESTION MARKS OR BY THE WORD hUNKNOWNv 3INCE OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY IS STILL GROWING WE EXPECT TO ELIMINATE SOMEIF NEVER ALLOF THE GAPS IN FUTURE EDITIONS "IRTH $ATE "IRTH 0LACE
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,ILLIE *AMES * h*IMv h'RASSHOPPERv B ,ILLY n"UF. +#. 3EE /& .EW (AVEN #ONN 2
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)N THE ABOVE SAMPLE FROM THE PITCHERS REGISTER WE SEE lRST THE PLAYERS SURNAME OF ,ILLIE THEN HIS GIVEN lRST AND MIDDLE NAMES ONLY ,ILLIES MIDDLE INITIAL IS KNOWN FOLLOWED IN QUOTATION MARKS BY THE TWO NAMES HE WAS USUALLY CALLED IN ORDER OF DOMINANCE AND LASTLY THE NAME UN DER WHICH HE WAS BORN 3INCE ONLY ,ILLIES BIRTH SURNAME DIFFERED FROM THE NAME UNDER WHICH HE PLAYED HIS lRST NAME AND MIDDLE INITIAL ARE NOT REPEATED &OLLOWING ,ILLIES BIRTH NAME IS A CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF HIS MAJOR LEAGUE SEASONS AS A PITCHER AND THE TEAMS FOR WHICH HE PITCHED !LTHOUGH ,ILLIE PITCHED IN ONLY SIX GAMES THERE IS MORE TO HIS MAJOR LEAGUE CAREER 4HE PAREN THETICAL NOTE IN BOLD 3EE /& INDICATES THAT ,ILLIE ALSO WAS AN OUTlELDER AND HIS BATTING RECORD AND A COMPLETE CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF HIS MAJOR LEAGUE SEASONS IS FOUND IN THE OUTlELDERS SUB REGISTER /THER PARENTHETICAL POSITION ABBREVIATIONS THAT APPEAR IN BOLD IN THE PITCHERS REGISTER ARE " lRST BASEMEN " SECOND BASEMEN 33 SHORTSTOPS " THIRD BASEMEN # CATCHERS AND 0 PITCHERS AS HITTERS 3EE BELOW FOR A LIST OF THE TEAM AND LEAGUE ABBREVIATIONS THAT FOLLOW THE YEAR NUMERALS ,ILLIES PLAYING CAREER IS FOLLOWED BY HIS BIRTH DATE .EXT IS HIS PLACE OF BIRTH FOLLOWED BY HIS DEATH DATE 7E THEN lND THAT THE WAY ,ILLIE THREW AS WELL AS HIS HEIGHT AND WEIGHT ARE STILL UNKNOWN AS SHOWN IN EACH CASE BY A h v (IS MAJOR LEAGUE SERVICE AS A PITCHER CONSISTED OF SIX GAMES ' IN WHICH HE PITCHED INNINGS )NN ALLOWED HITS (TS STARTED ONE GAME '3 AND PITCHED NO COMPLETE GAMES #' ,ILLIE FURTHER WALKED "" EIGHT STRUCK OUT 3/ EIGHT THREW NO SHUTOUTS 3( WON 7 NO GAMES WHILE LOSING , TWO FOR A 0CT AND HAD A %2! ,ILLIE WAS PRIMARILY AN OUTlELDER (ERE IS AN EXAMPLE FROM THE PITCHERS REGISTER OF A MAN WHO WAS PRIMARILY A PITCHER BUT PLAYED ONE SEASON EXCLUSIVELY AT ANOTHER POSITION FOLLOWED BY AN EXPLANATION OF HOW THIS IS SHOWN
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"ECANNON *AMES -ELVIN h"UCKv n.9! .9. .EW 9ORK .9
)N AND "ECANNON WAS EXCLUSIVELY A PITCHER !FTER A CAREER GAP IN "ECANNON RETURNED TO THE MAJORS IN 4HE .9. IN PARENTHESES INDICATES THAT HE DID NOT PITCH IN BUT PLAYED ANOTHER POSITION 3INCE HIS PLAYING TIME WAS MINIMALIN THIS CASE ONLY ONE GAME AT THIRD BASEHIS RECORD FOR DOES NOT APPEAR IN THE THIRD BASEMENS SUBREGISTER SINCE IT IS AVAILABLE IN ITS ENTIRETY IN THE ANNUAL RECORD &OLLOWING THE LAST TWO NUMERALS OF THE YEAR IN WHICH A MAN PLAYED IS AN ABBREVIATION OF THE CITY WHERE HIS TEAM RESIDED 4HE ABBREVIATIONS FOLLOW
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!LT !LTOONA !TH 0HILADELPHIA !THLETICS .! !TL "ROOKLYN !TLANTICS .! "AL "ALTIMORE "OS "OSTON "RO "ROOKLYN "UF "UFFALO #EN 0HILADELPHIA #ENTENNIALS .! #HI #HICAGO #IN #INCINNATI #LE #LEVELAND #OL #OLUMBUS $ET $ETROIT %CK "ROOKLYN %CKFORDS .! (AR (ARTFORD )ND )NDIANAPOLIS +# +ANSAS #ITY +EK &ORT 7AYNE .! ,OU ,OUISVILLE -AN -ANSlELD .! -AR -ARYLAND .! -IL -ILWAUKEE
-UT .EW 9ORK -UTUALS .! .AT 7ASHINGTON .ATIONALS .! .( .EW (AVEN .! .9 .EW 9ORK /LY 7ASHINGTON /LYMPICS .! 0HI 0HILADELPHIA 0IT 0ITTSBURGH 0RO 0ROVIDENCE 2EDS 3T ,OUIS 2EDS .! 2ES %LIZABETH 2ESOLUTES .! 2OC 2OCHESTER 2OK 2OCKFORD .! 3T, 3T ,OUIS 3T0 3T 0AUL 3YR 3YRACUSE 4OL 4OLEDO 4RO 4ROY 6IR 6IRGINIA 7AS 7ASHINGTON 7ES +EOKUK .! 7IL 7ILMINGTON 7OR 7ORCESTER
&OLLOWING THE YEAR AND TEAM INFORMATION IS THE SYMBOL FOR THE LEAGUE .! . ! 5 0
.ATIONAL !SSOCIATION n .ATIONAL ,EAGUE n !MERICAN !SSOCIATION n 5NION !SSOCIATION 0LAYERS ,EAGUE
.OTE 4O SIMPLIFY THE READERS TASK IN FOLLOWING A CAREER LINE TEAMS IN THE PLAYER PITCHER AND MANAGERS REGISTERS ARE DESIGNATED . DURING THE n PERIOD WHEN THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE WAS OFlCIALLY KNOWN AS THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE AND !MERICAN !SSOCIATION ALTHOUGH ELSEWHERE IN THE BOOK WHEN A SPECIlC SEASON OR ACHIEVEMENT IS CITED THESE TEAMS ARE DESIGNATED ,!
/THER SYMBOLS
PRIOR TO A PITCHERS NAME INDICATES THAT HE HAD A BROTHER OR BROTHERS WHO ALSO PLAYED IN THE MAJOR LEAGUES ALTHOUGH NOT ALWAYS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY PRIOR TO A PITCHERS NAME INDICATES THAT HE HAD A SON OR SONS WHO ALSO PLAYED IN THE MAJOR LEAGUES IN EVERY CASE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
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!BBEY "ERT 7OOD h"ERTv 7AS n#HI. n"RO. %SSEX 6T 2 2
!BBEY #HARLES 3 h#HARLIEv 7AS. 3EE /& &ALLS #ITY .EB ,
!BBOTT ,EANDER &RANKLIN h,ANv h"IG ,ANv 4OL! 0ORTAGE /HIO 2
2
!LLEN -YRON 3MITH h-YRONv h:EKEv .9. #LE! +#! 3EE /& +INGSTON .9 2 2
!LLISON $OUGLAS , h$OUGv 0RO. 3EE # 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2
2
!LTROCK .ICHOLAS h.ICKv ,OU. #INCINNATI /HIO
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!MOLE -ORRIS 'EORGE h$OCv "AL. 7AS. #OATESVILLE 0A 2 !NDERSON $AVID 3 h$AVEv n0HI. 0IT. #HESTER 0A
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!NDERSON 6ARNEY 3MALL h6ARNEYv h6ARNv )ND. n7AS. 3EE 0 'ENEVA )LL 2 2
!NDERSON 7ILLIAM h"ILLv ,OU! 3PENCER #TY +Y
!NSON !DRIAN #ONSTANTINE h#APv h!NSEv h5NCLEv h0OPv n#HI. 3EE " -ARSHALLTOWN )OWA 2 2
!RUNDEL (ARRY h(ARRYv !TL.! 0IT! 0RO. 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2
!NDRUS &REDERICK (OTHAM h&REDv #HI. 3EE /& 7ASHINGTON -ICH 2 2
2
!TKINSON !LBERT 7RIGHT h!Lv 0HI! #HIn0IT5 "AL5 n0HI! #LINTON )LL 2 2
!YDELOTT *ACOB 3TUART h*AKEv )ND! 0HI! . -ANCHESTER )ND ,
2
"AILEY (ARVEY &RANCIS h(ARVEYv n"OS. !DRIAN -ICH
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"AILEY ,INWOOD # h+INGv #IN. 6IRGINIA
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"AKELY %DWARD %NOCH h*ERSEYv h%NOCHv B "AKELEY 0HI! 0HI5 7IL5 +#5 #LE! #LE. #LE0 7AS! "AL! "LACKWOOD .* 2 2
"AKER +IRTLEY h+IRTLEYv h7HITEYv 0IT. n"AL. n7AS. !URORA )ND 2 2
"AKER .ORMAN ,ESLIE h.ORMv h-IKADOv 0IT! ,OU! "AL! 0HILADELPHIA 0A
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"ALDWIN #HARLES " h,ADYv -IL5 n$ET. "RO. "UF0 3EE 0 /RAMEL .9 2 ,
"ALDWIN #LARENCE 'EOGHAN h+IDv #IN! 3EE # .EWPORT +Y 2 2
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"ALDWIN -ARCUS %LMORE h-ARKv h&IDOv n#HI. #OL! #HI0 n0IT. .9. 0ITTSBURGH 0A 2 2
"ANNON *AMES (ENRY h*IMMYv h&OXY 'RANDPAv 3T,. n"OS. 3EE /& !MESBURY -ASS 2 2
"ARNES #HARLES 2OSCOE h2OSSv #HI. 3EE " -T -ORRIS )LL 2
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"ARR 2OBERT -C#LELLAND h"OBv 0IT! 7AS! )ND! 7AS. 2OC! .9. 3EE 0 7ASHINGTON $# 2 2
"ARTSON #HARLES &RANKLIN h#HARLIEv #HI0 0EORIA )LL
"ASTIAN #HARLES * h#HARLIEv 7IL5 3EE 33 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2
2
"ATES #REED .APOLEAN h&RANKv h#REEDv #LE. 3T,. #LE. #LEVELAND 4ENN 5NKNOWN 2
"ATES *OHN 7ILLIAM h*OHNv +#! /HIO
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"ATTIN *OSEPH 6 h*OEv 3T,. 0IT! 3EE " 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2
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"AUER !LBERT h!Lv #OL! 3T,. #OLUMBUS /HIO
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"AUSEWINE 'EORGE 7 h'EORGEv 0HI! 0HILADELPHIA 0A
"EAM !LEXANDER 2OGERS h!LEXv 0IT. *OHNSTOWN 0A
"EAM %RNEST *OSEPH h%RNIEv 0HI. -ANSlELD /HIO
2
"EATIN %BENEZER !MBROSE h%Dv n$ET. n#LE. "ALTIMORE -D 2 ,
"ECANNON *AMES -ELVIN h"UCKv n.9! .9. .EW 9ORK .9
"ECHTEL 'EORGE ! h'EORGEv !TH.! n0HI.! #EN.! !TH.! 3EE /& 0HILADELPHIA 0A 5NKNOWN
"ECK &RANK * h&RANKv B (ENGSTEBECK 0IT! "AL5 3EE /& 0OUGHKEEPSIE .9 2
"ECKER 2OBERT #HARLES h"OBv n0HI. 3YRACUSE .9
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"EECHER %DWARD ( h%Dv h(ARRYv "UF0 3EE /& 'UILFORD #ONN ,
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"EGLEY %DWARD ( h%Dv B "AGLEY .9. .9! .EW 9ORK .9
"ELL #HARLES # h#HARLIEv +#! ,OU! #IN! #INCINNATI /HIO 2
"ENTLEY #LYTUS ' h#Yv -AN.! %AST (AVEN #ONN
"ERNHARD 7ILLIAM (ENRY h"ILLv h3TRAWBERRY "ILLv n0HI. #LARENCE .9 " 2
"ICKHAM $ANIEL $ENISON h$ANv #IN! $AYTON /HIO
"IERBAUER ,OUIS 7 h,OUv AKA "AUER n0HI! 3EE " %RIE 0A , 2
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"ISHOP 7ILLIAM 2OBINSON h"ILLv 0IT! 0IT. #HI. !DAMSBURG 0A 2 2
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"LACK 2OBERT "ENJAMIN h"OBv +#5 #INCINNATI /HIO
"LACKBURN 'EORGE 7 h'EORGEv h3MILING 'EORGEv "AL. /ZARK -O 5NKNOWN 2
"LAIR 7ILLIAM %LLSWORTH h"ILLv 0HI! 0ITTSBURGH 0A
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"LAISDELL (OWARD #ARLETON h$ICKv +#5 "RADFORD -ASS
"LANK &REDERICK !UGUST h&REDv #IN. $E3OTO -O
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"LAUVELT (ENRY 2USSELL h(ENRYv 2OC! .YACK .9
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"LONG *OSEPH -YLES h*OEv 2EDS.! n3T, 3EE /& 3T ,OUIS -O 2 2
"OHN #HARLES h#HARLIEv ,OU! #LEVELAND /HIO
"OND 4HOMAS (ENRY h4OMMYv !TL.! (AR.! (AR. n"OS. 7OR. "OS5 )ND! 3EE 0 'RANARD )RELAND 2 2
"OONE 'EORGE -ORRIS h'EORGEv ,OU! ,OUISVILLE +Y
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"OOTH !MOS 3MITH h!MOSv h$ARLINGv n#IN. 3EE # #INCINNATI /HIO 2 2
"OOTH %DWARD ( h%DDIEv .9. 3EE /& 5NKNOWN "ROOKLYN .9 5NKNOWN
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"ORCHERS 'EORGE "ENARD h'EORGEv h#HIEFv #HI. ,OU. 3ACRAMENTO #A " 2
"ORDEN *OSEPH %MLEY h*OEv AKA *OSEPHS 0HI.! "OS. *ACOBSTOWN .* 2 2
"OSWELL !NDREW #OTTRELL h!NDYv .9. 7AS. .EW 'RETNA .* 2
"OWEN 3UTHERLAND -C#OY h#Yv .9. +INGSTON )ND
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"OWMAN 3UMNER 3ALLADE h3UMNERv 0HI. 0IT. 0HI! -ILLERSBURG 0A , ,
"OYD *ACOB (ENRY h*AKEv n7AS. 3EE 0 -ARTINSBURG 7 6A
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"OYD 7ILLIAM * h"ILLv !TL.! 3EE /& .EW 9ORK .9
2
2
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"OYLE (ENRY * h(ENRYv h(ANKv h(ANDSOME (ENRYv 3T,5 n3T,. n)ND. 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2 2
"RADLEY 'EORGE ( h&OGHORNv "OS. -ILFORD -ASS
2
2
"RADLEY 'EORGE 7ASHINGTON h'EORGEv h'RINv 3T,.! 3T,. #HI. 4RO. 0RO. $ET. n#LE. #LE. 0HI! #IN5 0HI! "AL! 3EE 0 2EADING 0A 2 2
"RAINARD !SAHEL h!SAv h#OUNTv n/LY.! -AN.! n"AL.! 3EE 0 !LBANY .9 2 2
"RASHEAR .ORMAN # h+ITTYv ,OU. -ANSlELD /HIO
2
2
"REITENSTEIN !LONZO h!LONZOv 0HI. 5TICA .9
"REITENSTEIN 4HEODORE 0 h4EDv h4HEOv 3T,! n3T,. n#IN. 3EE 0 3T ,OUIS -O , ,
"RESNAHAN 2OGER 0HILIP h2OGERv 7AS. 3EE 0 4OLEDO /HIO 2
2
"RIGGS (ERBERT 4HEODORE h"UTTONSv n#HI. 0OUGHKEEPSIE .9 2
2
"RILL &RANCIS (ASBROUCK h&RANKv B "RIELL $ET. !STORIA .9 2
2
"RITT *AMES %DWARD h*IMv n!TL.! "ROOKLYN .9
"ROOKS (ARRY &RANK h(ARRYv .9! 0HILADELPHIA 0A
"ROUTHERS $ENNIS *OSEPH h$ANv h"IG $ANv 4RO. "UF. 3EE " 3YLVAN ,AKE .9 , ,
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"ROWN *AMES 7( h*IMv !LT5 .9. 3T05 0HI! #LINTON #O 0A "ROWN *OHN * h*OHNv h!Dv "RO. 5NKNOWN 0HILADELPHIA 0A 5NKNOWN
"ROWN *OSEPH % h*OEv #HI. "AL! 7ARREN 0A
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"ROWN ,EWIS * h,EWv h"LOWERv 0RO. "OS5 3EE # ,EOMINSTER -ASS 2 2
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"ROWN 2ICHARD 0 h3TUBv n"AL. #IN. "ALTIMORE -D
"ROWN 4HOMAS 4ARLTON h4OMv "AL! n#OL! n0IT! 3EE /& ,IVERPOOL %NGLAND , 2
"ROWNING ,OUIS 2OGERS h0ETEv h4HE 'LADIATORv ,OU! 3EE /& ,OUISVILLE +Y 2 2
"RYNAN #HARLES 2ULEY h4ODv #HI. "OS. 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2
2
"UCKINGHAM %DWARD 4AYLOR h%Dv 7AS. -ETUCHEN .*
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"UCKLEY *OHN %DWARD h*OHNv "UF0 -ARLBOROUGH -ASS
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"ROWN #HARLES %DWARD h#HARLIEv #LE. "LUFFTON )ND
"ROWN %DWARD 0 h%Dv 3T,! 4OL! 3EE " 5NKNOWN #HICAGO )LL 5NKNOWN
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"UFlNTON #HARLES ' h#HARLIEv n"OS. n0HI. 0HI0 "OS! "AL. 3EE 0 &ALL 2IVER -ASS 2 2
"URDICK 7ILLIAM "YRON h"ILLv h"IRDIEv n)ND. !USTIN -INN 2
2
"URKE *AMES h*AMESv n"UF. "OS5 5NKNOWN !TTLEBORO -ASS 5NKNOWN
"URKE 7ILLIAM 2 h4URKv h"ILLv $ET. #INCINNATI /HIO
2
"URNS 2ICHARD 3IMON h$ICKv $ET. #IN! 3T,. 3EE /& (OLYOKE -ASS , ,
"URNS 4HOMAS %VERETT h4OMv #HI. 3EE " (ONESDALE 0A 2
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"URKETT *ESSE #AIL h*ESSEv h#RABv .9. #LE. 3EE /& 7HEELING 7 6A , ,
2
"URNS 4HOMAS 0 h/YSTERv n"AL! n"AL! 3EE /& 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2 2
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"URRELL (ARRY * h(ARRYv h(ANDSOME (ARRYv 3T,! "ETHEL 6T 2
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"URRIS !LVA "URTON h!Lv 0HI. 7ARWICK -D
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"UTTERY &RANK h&RANKv -AN.! 3EE " 3ILVERMINE #ONN
#AHILL *OHN 0ATRICK 0ARNELL h0ATSYv #OL! 3T,. )ND. 3EE /& 3AN &RANCISCO #A 2 2
#ALIHAN 7ILLIAM 4 h7ILLv B #ALLAHAN 2OC! 0HI! /SWEGO .9
#ADY #HARLES " h#HARLIEv #LE. #HIn0IT5 +#5 #HICAGO )LL
#ALLAHAN *AMES *OSEPH h*IMMYv 0HI. n#HI. 3EE 0 &ITCHBURG -ASS 2 2
#ALLAHAN *OHN 7 h*IMv 3T,. )LLINOIS 5NKNOWN
#AMP 7INlELD 3COTT h+IDv 0IT. #HI. .EW !LBANY /HIO "
2
#AMPBELL (UGH & h(UGHv 2ES.! )RELAND
#AMPlELD 7ILLIAM (OLTON h3ALv h,EGSv 3CISSORSv .9. -EADVILLE 0A 2 2
#ARRICK 7ILLIAM -ARTIN h"ILLv h$OUGHNUT "ILLv n.9. %RIE 0A 2
#ARSEY 7ILFRED h+IDv 7AS! n0HI. n3T, #LE. 7AS. .9. .EW 9ORK .9 , 2
#ARUTHERS 2OBERT ,EE h"OBv h0ARISIAN "OBv n3T,! n"RO! n"RO. 3T,. 3EE /& -EMPHIS 4ENN , 2
#ASEY $ANIEL -AURICE h$ANv 7IL5 $ET. n0HI. 3YR! "INGHAMPTON .9 2 ,
#ASEY 7ILLIAM " h"ILLv 0HI! 5NKNOWN 3T ,OUIS -O 5NKNOWN
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#ASSIAN %DWARD 4 h%Dv 0HI. 7AS! 7ILBRAHAM -ASS
2
#ASSIDY *OHN 0 h*OHNv !TL.! (AR. 3EE /& "ROOKLYN .9 2 ,
#ATTANACH *OHN ,ECKIE h*OHNv 0RO. 3T,5 0ROVIDENCE 2)
#HAMBERLAIN %LTON 0 h)CEBOXv h%LTONv n,OU! n3T,! #OL! 0HI! n#IN. #LE. "UFFALO .9 2 "
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#HAMBERS 2ICHARD *EROME h2OMEv "OS. 7EAVERVILLE .#
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#HAPMAN &REDERICK *OSEPH h&REDv 0HI! ,ITTLE #OOLEY 0A
2
2
nn
#HATTERTON *AMES - h*IMv +#5 3EE /& "ROOKLYN .9
#HESBRO *OHN $WIGHT h*ACKv h(APPY *ACKv n0IT. . !DAMS -ASS 2 2
#HILDERS 7ILLIAM h"ILLv ,OU. 5NKNOWN 3T ,OUIS -O 5NKNOWN
nn
nn
#LACK 2OBERT 3 h"OBBYv B #LARK #IN! 3EE /& %NGLAND 2 2
nn
#LARK %DWARD # h%Dv 0HI! #OL! 5NKNOWN #INCINNATI /HIO 5NKNOWN
#LARK /WEN & h3PIDERv #LE. 3EE /& "ROOKLYN .9
2
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#LARKE (ENRY 4EFFT h(ENRYv #LE. #HI. "ELLEVUE .EB 2
2
#LARKSON *OHN 'IBSON h*OHNv 7OR. n#HI. n"OS. n#LE. 3EE 0 #AMBRIDGE -ASS 2 2
#LAUSEN &REDERICK 7ILLIAM h&RITZv n,OU. n#HI. ,OU. .EW 9ORK .9 2 ,
#LINTON *AMES ,AWRENCE h*IMv h"IG *IMv !TL.! ,OU. 3EE /& .EW 9ORK .9 2 2
#OBB 'EORGE 7OODWORTH h'EORGEv "AL. )NDEPENDENCE ,A
#OLEMAN *OHN &RANCIS h*OHNv n0HI. n0HI! 0HI! 0IT. 3EE /& 3ARATOGA 3PRINGS .9 , 2
#OLEMAN *OHN 7 h*OHNv 0HI. 0HILADELPHIA 0A
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'ING 7ILLIAM *OSEPH h"ILLYv "OS. %LMIRA .9
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'LASSCOCK *OHN 7ESLEY h*ACKv h0EBBLY *ACKv #LE. n)ND. 3EE 33 7HEELING 7 6A 2 2
nn
'LEASON 7ILLIAM h"ILLv #LE0 #LEVELAND /HIO
2
'LEASON 7ILLIAM * h+IDv n0HI. n3T,. n"AL. 3EE " #AMDEN .* " 2
'OAR *OSHUA -ERCER h*OTv 0IT. #IN. .EW ,ISBON )ND
2
2
'OETZ 'EORGE "URT h'EORGEv h'OATSv "AL! 'REENCASTLE 0A 5NKNOWN
'OLDEN -ICHAEL (ENRY h-IKEv 7ES.! #HI.! -IL. 3EE /& 3HIRLEY -ASS 2 2
'OLDSMITH &RED %RNEST h&REDv h'OLDIEv 4RO. n#HI. "AL! .EW (AVEN #ONN 2 2
OLO
f_jY^[h h[]_ij[h
"IRTH $ATE "IRTH 0LACE
$EATH $ATE
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2
2
'ORMAN *OHN & h*ACKv h3TOOPING *ACKv 0IT! 3EE /& 3T ,OUIS -O
'ORMLEY *OSEPH h*OEv 0HI. 3UMMIT (ILL 0A
'OODALL (ERBERT &RANK h(ERBv ,OU! -ANSlELD 0A
,
,
'OULD #HARLES (ARVEY h#HARLIEv #IN. 3EE " #INCINNATI /HIO 2
2
nn
'RAFF *OHN * h*OHNv 7AS. 7ASHINGTON $#
'RAVES &RANK - h&RANKv 3T,. 3EE # #INCINNATI /HIO 5NKNOWN
nn
'RAY #HARLES ! h#HARLIEv 0IT. )NDIANAPOLIS )ND
'RAY 'EORGE %DWARD h#HUMMYv 0IT. 2OCKFORD -E
2
'REASON *OHN ! h*OHNv 7AS.! 7ASHINGTON $#
,
'REEN %DWARD - h%Dv 0HI! -ILLVILLE .* 5NKNOWN
'REENIG *OHN ! h*OHNv 7AS. 0HILADELPHIA 0A
'RIFlTH #LARK #ALVIN h#LARKv 3T,! "OS! n#HI. 3EE 0 #LEAR #REEK -O 2 2
'RIFlTH &RANK 7ESLEY h&RANKv #HI. #LE. 'ILMAN )LL ,
,
'RIM *OHN (ELM h*OHNv 2OC 3EE # ,EBANON +Y
2
2
nn
'RIMES *OHN 4HOMAS h*OHNv 3T,. 7OODSTOCK -D
2
2
'UMBERT !DDISON #OURTNEY h!Dv n#HI. "OS0 n#HI. n0IT. n"RO. 0HI. 3EE 0 0ITTSBURGH 0A 2 2
'UMBERT 7ILLIAM 3KEEN h"ILLYv AKA (UMBERT 0IT. 0IT. ,OU. 0ITTSBURGH 0A 2 2
'UTH #HARLES * h#HARLIEv #HI. #HICAGO )LL
'RUBER (ENRY *OHN h(ENRYv n$ET. #LE. #LE0 #LE. (AMDEN #ONN 2 2
(ADDOCK 'EORGE 3ILAS h'EORGEv n7AS. "UF0 "OS! n"RO. 0HI. 7AS. 0ORTSMOUTH .( 2 2
OMF
f _ j Y ^[ h h[ ]_i j[ h
"IRTH $ATE "IRTH 0LACE
$EATH $ATE
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2
(AGAN !RTHUR #HARLES h!RTv 0HI. n"UF. 0ROVIDENCE 2)
2
(AHN &RANK 'EORGE h.OODLESv n#IN .ASHVILLE 4ENN
,
,
(ALBRITER %DWARD , h%Dv 0HI! !UBURN .9
2
nn
(ALLSTROM #HARLES % h#HARLIEv h3WEDISH 7ONDERv 0RO. *ONKOPING 3WEDEN
(AMILL *OHN !LEXANDER #HARLES h*OHNv 7AS! .EW 9ORK .9 2
2
(ANDIBOE *AMES %DWARD h.ICKv h*IMv 0IT! #OLUMBUS /HIO 2
2
(ANKINSON &RANK %DWARD h&RANKv n#HI. #LE. .9! .EW 9ORK .9 2 2
(ANSFORD &RANK #ICERO h&#v h&RANKv "RO. $U 1UOIN )LL
(AFNER &RANCIS 2 h&RANKv +#! (ANNIBAL -O
(ALLMAN 7ILLIAM 7ILSON h"ILLv 0HI. 3EE " 0ITTSBURGH 0A 2
,
nn
(ARKINS *OHN *OSEPH h*OHNv h0Av #LE. n"RO! "AL! .EW "RUNSWICK .* 2 2
(ARPER #HARLES 7ILLIAM h*ACKv #LE. 3T,. 'ALLOWAY 0A 2
2
(ARPER 'EORGE " h'EORGEv h3KIRTSv 0HI. "RO. -ILWAUKEE 7IS 2 2
(ART 2OBERT ,EE h"OBv 3T,! 0ALMYRA -O
(ART 7ILLIAM &RANKLIN h"ILLv h"OND (ILL "ILLYv n0HI! "RO. 0IT. n3T,. 0IT. ,OUISVILLE +Y 2
(ARVEY %RVIN +ING h:AZAv h%RVINv #HI. 3ARATOGA #A
,
,
(ATlELD 'ILBERT h'ILv h#OLONELv .9. .90 7AS! 3EE 33 (OBOKEN .* 2 2
(ATlELD *OHN 6AN "USKIRK h*OHNv -UT.! 3EE /& .EW *ERSEY
nn
(ASTINGS #HARLES -ORTON h#HARLIEv #LE. n0IT. )RONTON /HIO
(AWKE 7ILLIAM 6ICTOR h"ILLv h$ICKv n3T,. n"AL. %LSMERE $EL 2 2
OMG
f_jY^[h h[]_ij[h
"IRTH $ATE "IRTH 0LACE
$EATH $ATE
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(AWLEY %MERSON 0INK h0INKv n3T,. n0IT. n#IN. .9. 3EE 0 "EAVER $AM 7IS , 2
(AWLEY -ARVIN (IRAM h3COTTv "OS. 5NKNOWN 0AINESVILLE /HIO
(AYNER &RED !MES h&REDv 0IT. *ANESVILLE 7IS
nn
(EALEY 4HOMAS & h4OMv 0RO. )ND. #RANSTON 2)
2
(EALY *OHN * h*OHNv h%GYPTIANv n3T,. n)ND. 7AS. #HI. 4OL! "AL! "AL. ,OU. #AIRO )LL 2 2
(EARD #HARLES h#HARLIEv 0IT. 0HILADELPHIA 0A
2
2
(ECKER 'UY *ACKSON h'UYv n,OU! 0IT. 3EE " 9OUNGSVILLE 0A 2 2
(EIFER &RANKLIN h&RANKv h(ECKv "OS.! 3EE " 2EADING 0A
nn
(ELMBOLD (ORACE h(ORACEv 0HI! 0HILADELPHIA 0A 5NKNOWN
(EMMING 'EORGE %ARL h'EORGEv h/LD 7AX &IGGERv #LE0 "RO0 "RO. #IN. n,OU. n"AL. ,OU. #ARROLTON /HIO 2 2
(ENDERSON *AMES (ARDING h(ARDIEv 0HI. n"AL! n"RO! 0IT. 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2 2
(ENRY *OHN -ICHAEL h*OHNv #LE. "AL! 7AS. 3EE /& 3PRINGlELD -ASS ,
(ERMAN !RTHUR h!RTv n,OU. ,OUISVILLE +Y
(ERRING 3ILAS #LARKE h,EFTYv 7AS. 0HILADELPHIA 0A
,
,
nn
(EWITT #HARLES *ACOB h*AKEv h*AKEYv 0IT. -AIDSVILLE 7 6A
,
,
(IBBARD *OHN $ENISON h*OHNv #HI. #HICAGO )LL
,
(ICKMAN #HARLES 4AYLOR h#HARLIEv h0IANO ,EGSv n"OS. 3EE " 4AYLORTOWN 0A 2 2
(ICKMAN %RNEST 0 h%RNIEv +#5 % 3T ,OUIS )LL
(ILL 7ILLIAM #ICERO h"ILLv h3TILL "ILLv n,OU. #IN. #LE. "AL. "RO. #HATTANOOGA 4ENN , ,
(ILSEY #HARLES 4 h#HARLIEv 0HI. 0HI! 0HILADELPHIA 0A
OMH
f _ j Y ^[ h h[ ]_i j[ h
"IRTH $ATE "IRTH 0LACE
$EATH $ATE
"
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(INES 0AUL ! h0AULv 0RO. 3EE /& 7ASHINGTON $#
2
2
nn
(ODNETT #HARLES h#HARLIEv 3T,! 3T,5 )OWA
(ODSON 'EORGE 3 h'EORGEv B (ODGDON "OS. 0HI. 0ENNSYLVANIA 2
(OFFER 7ILLIAM ,EOPOLD h"ILLv h#HICKv h7IZARDv n"AL. n0IT. #EDAR 2APIDS )OWA 2 2
(OFFMAN &RANK * h&RANKv h0EACHBLOWv h4HE 4EXAS 7ONDERv +#! -ISSISSIPPI 5NKNOWN 2
(OFFORD *OHN 7ILLIAM h*OHNv n0IT! 0HILADELPHIA 0A
(OGAN 2OBERT %DWARD h%DDIEv 3T,! 3T ,OUIS -O
(OLLIDAY *AMES 7EAR h"UGv #IN. #IN. 3EE /& 3T ,OUIS -O 2 2
nn
(OLLISON *OHN (ENRY h*OHNv h3WEDEv #HI. #HICAGO )LL 2
,
nn
(OLMES *AMES 7ILLIAM h$UCKYv n,OU. 3EE /& $ES -OINES )OWA , 2
(OPPER #LARENCE &RANKLIN h,EFTYv "RO. *ERSEY #ITY .*
,
(ORAN 0ATRICK * h*OHNv #HIn0IT5 )RELAND 5NKNOWN
(ORNER 7ILLIAM &RANK h*ACKv "AL. "ALTIMORE -D
2
(ORNUNG -ICHAEL *OSEPH h*OEv h5BBO 5BBOv "UF. 3EE /& #ARTHAGE .9 2 2
nn
(ORTON %LMER % h%LMERv h(ERKY *ERKYv 0IT. "RO. (AMILTON /HIO
(OUSEHOLDER #HARLES & h#HARLIEv #HIn0IT5 3EE " (ARRISBURG 0A 2 2
nn
(OUSEMAN 7ILLIAM ( h"ILLv "AL! "ALTIMORE -D 5NKNOWN
(OWELL (ARRY 4AYLOR h(ARRYv h(ANDSOME (ARRYv "RO. "AL. "RO. .EW *ERSEY 2 2
(UDSON .ATHANIEL 0 h.ATv n3T,! 3EE 0 #HICAGO )LL 2
2
(UGHES *AMES *AY h*AYv h*IMMYv "AL. "RO. 3EE 0 3ACRAMENTO #A 2 2
OMI
f_jY^[h h[]_ij[h
"IRTH $ATE "IRTH 0LACE
$EATH $ATE
"
4
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(UGHES -ICHAEL * h-ICKEYv n"RO! "RO. 0HI! .EW 9ORK .9 2
(UGHES 4HOMAS *AMES h4OMv h,ONG 4OMv #HI. #HICAGO )LL 2 2
(UGHES 7ILLIAM 2 h"ILLv 0HI! "LADINSVILLE )LL
3/
3(
7
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0CT
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(UGHEY *AMES 5LYSSES h*IMv h#OLDWATER *IMv h7ARM 5P *IMv -IL! #HI. n0IT. 3T,. #LE. 3T,. 7AKASHMA -ICH 2
(UNTER 2OBERT ,EMUEL h,EMv #LE. 7ARREN /HIO
(USTED 7ILLIAM * h"ILLv 0HI0 'LOUCESTER .*
(USTING "ERTHOLD *UNEAU h0ETEv h"ERTv 0IT. &OND $U ,AC 7IS 2
2
,
,
nn
nn
(UTCHISON 7ILLIAM &ORREST h"ILLv h7ILD "ILLv AKA (UTCHINSON +#5 n#HI. 3T,. .EW (AVEN #ONN 2 2
(YNDMAN *AMES (ARVEY h*IMv 0HI! (AMILTON /NT #AN
)NKS !LBERT *OHN h"ERTv B )NKSTEIN n"RO 7AS. "AL. n,OU. 0HI. #IN. 3EE 0 ,IGONIER )ND , ,
)RWIN !RTHUR !LBERT h!RTHURv h$OCv 0RO. 7AS. 3EE 33 4ORONTO /NT #AN , 2
)RWIN 7ILLIAM &RANKLIN h"ILLv h0HILv #IN! .EVILLE /HIO
)SBELL 7ILLIAM &RANK h&RANKv h)ZZYv h"ALD %AGLEv #HI. $ELEVAN .9 , 2
*OHNSON !BRAHAM h!BEv #HI. 5NKNOWN #HICAGO )LL 5NKNOWN
2
2
nn
*OHNSON *OHN 'ODFRED h9OUNGYv 0HI. .9. 3AN &RANCISCO #A
2
*OHNSON *OHN ,OUIS h,OUv B -ERCER 0HI. 0ETKIN )LL
,
*ONES !LBERT %DWARD h"ERTv h#OWBOYv h"RONCOv #LE. n3T,. 'OLDEN #OLO , ,
*ONES !LEXANDER h!LEXv 0IT. ,OU. 7AS. 0HI. 0ITTSBURGH 0A , ,
*ONES #HARLES ,EANDER h"UMPUSv n#IN. .9. #EDARVILLE /HIO 2 2
nn
*ONES #HARLES 7ESLEY h#HARLEYv h"ABYv B "ENJAMIN 7ESLEY 2IPPAY .9! 3EE /& !LAMANCE #O .# 5NKNOWN 2 2
OMJ
f _ j Y ^[ h h[ ]_i j[ h
"IRTH $ATE "IRTH 0LACE
$EATH $ATE
"
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*ONES $ANIEL !LBION h*ACKv h*UMPING *ACKv $ET. 0HI! ,ITCHlELD #ONN 2
*ONES (ENRY h(ENRYv h"ALDYv 0IT. 5NKNOWN 0ITTSBURGH 0A 5NKNOWN
*ONES *AMES 4ILFORD h*IMv h3HERIFFv ,OU. ,ONDON +Y
2
2
nn
*ONES -ICHAEL h-ICKEYv h-IKEv ,OU! (AMILTON /NT #AN
,
,
*ORDAN #HARLES 4 h#HARLIEv h+IDv 0HI. 0HILADELPHIA 0A
nn
*ORDAN (ARRY * h(ARRYv n0IT. 0ITTSBURGH 0A
+ATOLL *OHN h*ACKv h"IG *ACKv h#OAT 4AILv n#HI. 'ERMANY 2 2
+EAS %DWARD *AMES h%Dv #LE! $UBUQUE )OWA
+EATING 2OBERT %DWARD h%Dv h"OBv "AL! 3PRINGlELD -ASS
,
,
+EEFE 'EORGE 7 h'EORGEv n7AS. "UF0 7AS! 7ASHINGTON $# , ,
+EEFE *OHN 4HOMAS h*OHNv 3YR! &ITCHBURG -ASS
+EEFE 4IMOTHY *OHN h4IMv h3IR 4IMOTHYv n4RO. n.9! n.9. .90 .9. n0HI. 3EE 0 #AMBRIDGE -ASS 2 2
+EENAN (ARRY ,EON h+IDv #IN! ,OUISVILLE +Y
,
2
+EENAN *AMES 7ILLIAM h*IMv )ND! n#IN! 3EE # .EW (AVEN #ONN 2 2
+EENER *OSHUA (ARRY h(ARRYv h*OSHv h"EANSv 0HI. %ASTON 0A ,
+EFFER #HARLES &RANKLIN h&RANKv 3YR! ,ANCASTER 0A 5NKNOWN
+ELB 'EORGE &RANCIS h'EORGEv h0UGGERv #LE. 4OLEDO /HIO ,
,
+ELLY -ICHAEL *OSEPH h-IKEv h+INGv #HI. n#HI. "OS. "OS0 #IN! "OS. 3EE /& 4ROY .9 2 2
+ENNEDY 4HEODORE ! h4EDv #HI. 0HI! ,OU! (ENRY )LL , 2
+ENNEDY 7ILLIAM 0ARK h"ILLv h2OARING "ILLv h"RICKYARDv n"RO. 3EE 0 "ELLAIRE /HIO 2 2
OMK
f_jY^[h h[]_ij[h
"IRTH $ATE "IRTH 0LACE
$EATH $ATE
"
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+ENT %DWARD # h%Dv 4OL! .EW 9ORK
5NKNOWN
2
2
+ILEY *OHN &REDERICK h*OHNv "OS. $EDHAM -ASS
,
,
+ILLEEN (ENRY h(ENRYv #LE. 4ROY .9
+ILROY -ATTHEW !LOYSIUS h-ATTv h-ATCHESv n"AL! "OS0 #IN! 7AS. n,OU. #HI0 0HILADELPHIA 0A , ,
+ILROY -ICHAEL *OSEPH h-IKEv "AL! 0HI. 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2
2
+IMBER 3AMUEL *ACKSON h3AMv "RO! 0RO. 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2
2
+ING #HARLES &REDERICK h3ILVERv B +OENIG +#. n3T,! #HI0 0IT. n.9. #IN. n7AS. 3T ,OUIS -O 2 2
+IRBY *OHN & h*OHNv h*ACKv +#5 n3T,. )ND. #LE! +#! 3T ,OUIS -O 2
+ISSINGER 7ILLIAM &RANCIS h"ILLv h3HANGv "AL. n3T,. 3EE 0 $AYTON +Y 2 2
+ITSON &RANK 2 h&RANKv h+ITTYv n"AL. "RO. 3EE 0 (OPKINS -ICH , 2
+ITTRIDGE -ALACHI *EDDIDIAH h-ALv h*EDv #HI. 3EE # #LINTON -ASS 2 2
nn
+LING 7ILLIAM h"ILLv 0HI. "AL. ,OU. +ANSAS #ITY -O ,
+LOBEDANZ &REDERICK !UGUSTUS h&REDv h$UKEv h3CABv n"OS. 3EE 0 7ATERBURY #ONN , ,
+NAUSS &RANK ( h&RANKv #OL! #LE. #IN. #LE. .9. #LEVELAND /HIO 5NKNOWN , ,
+NELL 0HILIP ,OUIS h0HILv 0IT. 0HI0 #OL! 7AS. 0HI. 0IT. n,OU. #LE. -ILL 6ALLEY #A 2 ,
+NEPPER #HARLES h#HARLIEv #LE. !NDERSON )ND
+ILLEN &RANK "ISSELL h&RANKv h,EFTYv -IL! 7AS. n0IT. n7AS. "OS. #HI. 0ITTSBURGH 0A , ,
2
2
2
+NIGHT !LONZO 0 h,ONv !TH.! 0HI. n0HI! 0RO. 3EE /& 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2 2
+NIGHT 'EORGE (ENRY h'EORGEv .(.! ,AKEVILLE #ONN
+NIGHT *OSEPH 7ILLIAM h*OEv h1UIET *OEv 0HI. 3EE /& 0ORT 3TANLEY /NT #AN , ,
OML
f _ j Y ^[ h h[ ]_i j[ h
"IRTH $ATE "IRTH 0LACE
$EATH $ATE
"
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+NOUFF %DWARD h%Dv h&REDv 0HI! n"AL! n3T,! #LE! 0HI! 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2 2
+OLB %DWARD 7ILLIAM h%DDIEv #LE. #INCINNATI /HIO
3/
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0CT
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2
2
+ORWAN *AMES h*IMv h,ONG *IMv "RO. #HI. "ROOKLYN .9 2 ,
+OSTAL *OSEPH 7ILLIAM h*OEv h#UDGEYv ,OU. #HICAGO )LL 2
2
nn
+REEGER &RANK h&RANKv +#5 5NKNOWN 5NKNOWN
+ROCK !UGUST ( h'USv n#HI. )ND. 7AS. "UF0 -ILWAUKEE 7IS 2 2
+RUMM !LBERT h!Lv 0IT. 0ITTSBURGH 0A
2
,ACKEY 7ILLIAM $ h"ILLv 0HI! 5NKNOWN #OLUMBUS /HIO 5NKNOWN
nn
,ADEW 3TEPHEN & h3TEVEv +#! 3T ,OUIS -O 5NKNOWN
nn
,AFFERTY &RANK "ERNARD h&LIPv 0HI. 3EE /& 3CRANTON 0A
2
,AMPE (ENRY *OSEPH h(ENRYv "OS. 0HI. "OSTON -ASS 2
,
,ANDIS 3AMUEL ( h$OCv 0HI! "AL! 0HILADELPHIA 0A 5NKNOWN
,ARKIN &RANK 3 h4ERRYv .9. (AR. n#HI. 4RO. 6IR! "ROOKLYN .9 2 2
,AUER *OHN #HARLES h#HUCKv 0IT! 3EE /& 0ITTSBURGH 0A 2
2
,AWSON !LFRED 7ILLIAM h!Lv "OS. 0IT. ,ONDON %NGLAND 2
2
,EARY *OHN * h*ACKv "OS. $ET. 0IT! "AL! !LT5 #HIn0IT5 3EE 33 .EW (AVEN #ONN 5NKNOWN ,
,EE 4HOMAS &RANK h4OMv #HI. "AL5 0HILADELPHIA 0A
2
,EEVER 3AMUEL h3AMv h$EACONv h4HE 'OSHEN 3CHOOLMASTERv n0IT. 'OSHEN /HIO 2 2
,EIPER *OHN (ENRY 4HOMAS h*ACKv #OL! #HESTER 0A
,
,
,EITH 7ILLIAM h"ILLv h3HADY "ILLv 7AS. -ATTEAWAN .9
2
nn
OM M
f_jY^[h h[]_ij[h
"IRTH $ATE "IRTH 0LACE
$EATH $ATE
"
4
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,EITNER 'EORGE !LOYSIUS h$OCv )ND. 0IERMONT .9
2
2
,EWIS "UF0 5NKNOWN "ROOKLYN .9
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#'
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%2!
2
5NKNOWN
,EWIS %DWARD -ORGAN h4EDv h0ARSONv n"OS. -ACHYNLLETH 7ALES 2
,ILLIE *AMES * h*IMv h'RASSHOPPERv B ,ILLY n"UF. +#. 3EE /& .EW (AVEN #ONN 2
,INCOLN %ZRA 0ERRY h%ZRAv #LE. 3YR! 2AYNHAM -ASS
,
,
,IPP 4HOMAS #HARLES h4OMv B ,IEB 0HI. "ALTIMORE -D
,OCHHEAD 2OBERT (ENRY h(ARRYv #LE. 3EE 33 3TOCKTON #A 2
2
nn
,OCKWOOD -ILO (ATHAWAY h-ILOv 7AS5 3OLON /HIO
2
,OVETT ,EONARD 7ALKER h,ENv 2ES.! 3EE /& ,ANCASTER #O 0A 2
,OVETT 4HOMAS *OSEPH h4OMv 0HI! "RO! n"RO. "RO. "OS. 0ROVIDENCE 2) 2
,OWE 2OBERT ,INCOLN h,INKv "OS. 3EE " 0ITTSBURGH 0A 2
2
nn
,UCID #ORNELIUS #ECIL h#ONv ,OU. n"RO. n0HI. 3T,. $UBLIN )RELAND
,UFF (ENRY 4 h(ENRYv .(.! 0HILADELPHIA 0A
,UKENS !LBERT 0RINCE h!Lv B (ALL 0HI. 7HEELING 7EST 6A 5NKNOWN
2
,YNCH *OHN ( h*ACKv "UF. n.9! "RO! .EW 9ORK .9 2 2
,YNCH 4HOMAS 3 h4OMv #HI. 0ERU )LL
,
nn
,YONS (ARRY 0 h(ARRYv 2OC! 3EE /& #HESTER 0A
2
2
nn
,YONS 4HOMAS ! h4OBYv 3YR! #AMBRIDGE -ASS
nn
,YSTON *OHN -ICHAEL h*OHNv #OL! #LE. "ALTIMORE -D 2
2
,UBY *OHN 0ERKINS h*ACKv n#HI. ,OU. 3EE 0 #HARLESTON 3# 2
OMN
f _ j Y ^[ h h[ ]_i j[ h
"IRTH $ATE "IRTH 0LACE
$EATH $ATE
"
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3/
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7
,
0CT
%2!
-AC!RTHUR -ALCOLM h-ACv )ND! 'LASGOW 3COTLAND
2
-ACE (ARRY , h*IMMYv 7AS! 7ASHINGTON $#
-ACK $ENNIS *OSEPH h$ENNYv B -C'EE 2OK.! 3EE 33 %ASTON 0A 2 2
-ACULLAR *AMES & h*IMMYv h,ITTLE -ACv n"AL! 3EE 33 "OSTON -ASS 2 ,
nn
-ADDEN -ICHAEL *OSEPH h+IDv n"OS. "OS0 "OS! "AL! 3EE 0 0ORTLAND -E , ,
-ADIGAN 7ILLIAM * h4ONYv h4ICEv 7AS. 7ASHINGTON $#
2
-AGEE 7ILLIAM * h"ILLv h"RUINv n,OU. 0HI. 7AS. .EW "RUNSWICK #AN 5NKNOWN , 2
-AHAFFEY ,OUIS 7OOD h,OUv ,OU. -ADISON 7IS
2
-AHONEY 'EORGE 7 h-IKEv h"IG -IKEv "OS. "OSTON -ASS 2
nn
-AINS 7ILLARD %BEN h7ILLARDv h'RASSHOPPERv #HI. #IN! -IL! "OS. . 7INDHAM -E 2
-ALARKEY *OHN 3 h*OHNv h+ING -ULLv h,IZv n7AS. #HI. 3PRINGlELD /HIO 2
-ALONE -ARTIN h-ARTINv %CK.! 5NKNOWN 5NKNOWN 5NKNOWN
-ANNING *OHN % h*ACKv "AL.! "OS.! "OS. #IN. "OS. 3EE /& "RAINTREE -ASS 2 2
-ANSELL 4HOMAS % h4OMv h"RICKv $ET. 3EE /& !UBURN .9 , 2
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-ARS %DWARD - h%Dv 3YR! #HICAGO )LL
-ARTIN !LPHONSE #ASE h&AHNEYv 4RO.! %CK.! -UT.! 3EE " .EW 9ORK .9
-ASON #HARLES % h#HARLIEv 7AS.! 3EE /& .EW /RLEANS ,A 2
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-ASON %RNEST h%RNIEv 3T,. 5NKNOWN .EW /RLEANS ,A
-ATHEWS 2OBERT 4 h"OBBYv +EK.! "AL.! n-UT.! .9. #IN. 0RO. 0RO. n"OS. n0HI! 3EE 0 "ALTIMORE -D 2 2
-ATHEWSON #HRISTOPHER h#HRISTYv h-ATTYv .9. &ACTORYVILLE 0A 2 2
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-AUCK !LFRED -ARIS h!Lv #HI. 0RINCETON )ND
-ATTESON #LIFFORD 6IRGIL h#6v 3T,5 3EVILLE /HIO
2
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-AUL !LBERT *OSEPH h!Lv h3MILING !Lv h"ERRYv 0HI5 0HI. n0IT. 0IT0 0IT. n7AS. n"AL. "RO. 0HI. 3EE 0 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2 2
-AUPIN (ARRY #ARR h(ARRYv 3T, #LE. 7ELLSVILLE -O
2
-AYS !LBERT # h!Lv ,OU! n.9! "RO! n#OL! #ANAL $OVER /HIO 2 2
-C!LLISTER ,EWIS 7ILLIAM h3PORTv h4EXAS *ACKv n#LE. 3EE /& !USTIN -ISS " 2
-C"RIDE *AMES $ICKSON h$ICKv n!TH.! "OS. 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2
-C"RIDE 0ETER 7ILLIAM h0ETEv h-ANHATTANv #LE. 3T,. !DAMS -ASS 2 2
-C#AFFERY 7ILLIAM 4 h"ILLv #IN! "ALTIMORE -D
-C#ARTHY 4HOMAS &RANCIS -ICHAEL h4OMMYv "OS5 0HI. n3T,! 3T,! "OS. 3EE /& "OSTON -ASS 2 2
-C#ARTY *OHN ! h*OHNv AKA -C#ARTHY +#! )NDEPENDENCE -O 5NKNOWN
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-C#AULEY !LLEN ! h!Lv )ND! 3EE " )NDIANAPOLIS )ND
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-C#ORMICK *AMES h*IMv )ND. n#LE. #IN5 0RO. n#HI. 0IT. 'LASGOW 3COTLAND 2 2
-C#ORMICK *OHN h*ERRYv 0HI5 3EE " 5NKNOWN 0HILADELPHIA 0A
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-C#ORMICK 0ATRICK (ENRY h(ARRYv 3YR. 7OR. n#IN! 3YRACUSE .9 2 2
-C#REERY 4HOMAS ,IVINGSTON h4OMv n,OU. 0IT. 3EE /& "EAVER 0A " 2
-C#ULLOUGH #HARLES & h#HARLIEv h4HE 4AMMANY 4IGERv "RO! 3YR! $UBLIN )RELAND 2
-C$ERMOTT *OSEPH h*OEv +EK.! %CK.! 5NKNOWN 5NKNOWN 5NKNOWN
-C$ERMOTT -ICHAEL ( h-IKEv ,OU. &ALL 2IVER -ASS
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-C$OUGAL *AMES ( h$EWEYv B *OHN ( -C$OUGAL n3T,. !LEDO )LL 2
-C%LROY *AMES $ h*IMv 0HI. 7IL5 3AN &RANCISCO #A
-C&ARLAN !NDERSON $ANIEL h$ANv h3ILVERv ,OU. "RO. 7AS. 'AINESVILLE 4EX
-C&ARLAND #HRISTOPHER h#HRISv "AL5 3EE /& &ALL 2IVER -ASS
-C&ARLAND ,A -ONT !MOS h-ONTEv n#HI. 7HITE (ILL )LL 2
-C&ETRIDGE *OHN 2EED h*ACKv 0HI. 0HILADELPHIA 0A
-C'ILL 7ILLIAM 6ANESS h7ILLIEv h+IDv h4HE "OY "OOZERv #LE0 #IN! 3T,! #IN. n#HI. n0HI. !TLANTA 'A ,
-C'INNIS 'EORGE 7ASHINGTON h*UMBOv n3T,! "AL! #IN! !LTON )LL 2
-C'INNIS 'US h'USv h.ELLIEv #HI. 0HI. "ARNESVILLE /HIO
-C'INNITY *OSEPH *EROME h*OEv h)RON -ANv B -C'INTY "AL. "RO. 2OCK )SLAND )LL 2 2
-C'UIRE #IN. 5NKNOWN 5NKNOWN
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-C'UNNIGLE 7ILLIAM (ENRY h"ILLv h'UNNERv n"UF. 3EE /& "OSTON -ASS 2 2
-C)NTYRE &RANK 7 h&RANKv $ET. #OL! 7ALLED ,AKE -ICH
-C*AMES *AMES -C#UTCHEN h$OCv B *AMES n7AS. "AL. "RO. 7ILLIAMSBURG #TY 3# 2
-C+ELVY 2USSELL %RRETT h2USSv )ND. 3EE /& 3WISSVILLE 0A 2
-C'EACHY *OHN #HARLES h*ACKv n)ND. 3EE /& #LINTON -ASS 2 2
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-C+ENNA *AMES 7ILLIAM h+ITv "RO. "AL. ,YNCHBURG 6A
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-C+EON ,AWRENCE ' h,ARRYv )ND! n#IN! +#. .EW 9ORK .9
-C,AUGHLIN "ERNARD h"ARNEYv +#5 3EE 33 )RELAND 2
-C,AUGHLIN &RANCIS %DWARD h&RANKv 0IT! +#5 3EE 33 ,OWELL -ASS 2 2
-C,AUGHLIN *AMES 4HOMAS h*IMv "AL! #LEVELAND /HIO
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-C-AHON *OHN *OSEPH h3ADIEv n0HI! n"AL! n"AL. "RO. 7ILMINGTON $EL 2 2
-C-ANUS 0ATRICK % h0ATv 4RO. )RELAND
-C-ULLEN *AMES h*IMv .9! 5NKNOWN #ALIFORNIA 5NKNOWN
-C-ULLIN *OHN & h*OHNv h,EFTYv 4RO.! -UT.! !TH.! 0HI.! 3EE /& 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2 ,
-C.ABB %DGAR * h0ETEv h4EXASv "AL. #OSHOCTON /HIO
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-C0ARTLIN &RANK h&RANKv .9. (OOSICK &ALLS .9
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-C3ORLEY *OHN "ERNARD h4RICKv 4OL! 3EE " 3T ,OUIS -O
2
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-EAKIM 'EORGE #LINTON h'EORGEv ,OU! 0HI! #HI. #IN. ,OU. "ROOKLYN .9 2 2
-EEGAN 0ETER *AMES h0ETEv h3TEADY 0ETEv 6IR! 0IT! 3AN &RANCISCO #A
-C6EY #ALVIN !LEXANDER h#ALv "OS. n#HI. #IN. 3EE " -ONTROSE )OWA 2 2
-EEKIN *OUETT h*OUETTv h*Ov ,OU! ,OU. n7AS. n.9. "OS. 0IT. 3EE 0 .EW !LBANY )ND 2 2
-EINKE &RANK ,OUIS h&RANKv n$ET. 3EE 33 #HICAGO )LL 2
-ENEFEE *OHN h*OCKv 0IT. n,OU. n0IT. .9. #HI. 3EE 0 2OWLESBURG 76A 2 2
-ERCER 'EORGE "ARCLAY h7INv n7AS. .9. 3EE 0 #HESTER 7 6A 2 2
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-ILLER (ERBERT !LEXANDER h"URTv ,OU. 2ILEY -ICH
-ILLER *OSEPH ( h#YCLONEv #HIn0IT5 0RO. 0HI. 0HI! 3PRINGlELD -ASS ,
-ILLER 2ALPH $ARWIN h2ALPHv "RO. "AL. #INCINNATI /HIO 2
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-ILLER 2OBERT 7 h"OBv 2OC! 7AS! 5NKNOWN
-ITCHELL 2OBERT -C+ASHA h"OBBYv n#IN. #LE. 3T,! #INCINNATI /HIO , ,
-OFFETT 3AMUEL 2 h3AMv #LE. n)ND. 7HEELING 7 6A 2
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-OLESWORTH #ARLTON h#ARLTONv 7AS. &REDERICK -D
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-ORRILL *OHN &RANCIS h*OHNv h(ONEST *OHNv n"OS. "OS. 7AS. 3EE " "OSTON -SS 2 2
-ORRIS % "AL5 5NKNOWN 4RENTON .*
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-ORIARITY %UGENE *OHN h'ENEv )ND. $ET. 3EE /& (OLYOKE -ASS 5NKNOWN , ,
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-ORRIS %DWARD h%Dv h#ANNONBALLv #OL! n0IT! n0IT. 0IT0 "ROOKLYN .9 " ,
-ORRISON -ICHAEL h-IKEv n#LE! 3YR! "AL! %RIE 0A 2 2
-ORRISON 3TEPHEN (ENRY h(ANKv )ND. /LNEYVILLE 2)
-ORTON #HARLES (AZEN h#HARLIEv 4OL! 3EE /& +INGSVILLE /HIO 2 2
-ORTON 7ILLIAM 0 h3PARROWv 0HI. 5NKNOWN 5NKNOWN 5NKNOWN
-OUNTAIN &RANK (ENRY h&RANKv 4RO. $ET. 7OR. 0HI! 7OR. n#OL! n0IT! 3EE 0 &T %DWARD .9 2 2
-OUNTJOY 7ILLIAM (ENRY h"ILLYv h"ILLv n#IN! "AL! ,ONDON /NT #AN , 2
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-URPHY #ORNELIUS " h#ONv h-ONKv h2AZZLE $AZZLEv 0HI. "RO0 7ORCESTER -ASS 2
-URPHY %DWARD * h%Dv 0HI. !UBURN .9
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-URPHY *OHN (ENRY h*OHNv !LT5 7IL5 5NKNOWN &ITCHBURG -ASS 5NKNOWN
-URPHY *OSEPH !KIN h*OEv #IN! 3T,. n3T,! 3T ,OUIS -O
-URPHY 2OBERT * h"OBv .9. "RO! $UCHESS #O .9 5NKNOWN
-YERS (ENRY # h(ENRYv "AL! 3EE 33 0HILADELPHIA 0A
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2
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.EAGLE *OHN (ENRY h*ACKv #IN. 0HI. "AL! n0IT! 3YRACUSE .9 2 2
.EALE *OSEPH (UNT h*OEv n,OU! n3T,! 7ADSWORTH /HIO 2
2
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.ICHOLS &REDERICK # h4RICKYv .(.! "OS. 3T,. 0RO. 7OR. "AL! "RIDGEPORT #ONN 2 2
.ICOL 'EORGE %DWARD h'EORGEv h+IDv 3T,! #HI. 0IT. ,OU. 3EE /& "ARRY )LL 2 ,
.OLAN %DWARD 3YLVESTER h4HE /NLY .OLANv )ND. #LE. 0IT! 7IL5 0HI. 0ATERSON .* , 2
.OPS *EREMIAH ( h*ERRYv 0HI. n"AL. "RO. 4OLEDO /HIO , ,
.ORTON %LISHA 3TRONG h%FlEv h,EITERv n7AS. #ONNEAUT /HIO 2
/BERBECK (ENRY ! h(ENRYv "AL5 +#5 3EE /& 3T ,OUIS -O
/BERLANDER (ARTMAN ,OUIS h$OCv #LE! 7AUKEGAN )LL
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/"RIEN 4HOMAS ( h4OMv .9! 3EE " 3ALEM -ASS 2
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/"RIEN 7ILLIAM $ h$ARBYv .9! 3EE /& 0EORIA )LL 2
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/"RIEN 7ILLIAM 3MITH h"ILLYv 3T05 3EE " !LBANY .9 2
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/2OURKE *AMES (ENRY h*IMv h/RATOR *IMv n"UF. 3EE /& "RIDGEPORT #ONN 2 2
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/SBORNE &REDERICK 7 h&REDv 0IT. 3EE /& !LBERTA #AN 5NKNOWN ,
0ABOR #HARLES (ENRY h#HARLIEv n#LE.! !TL.! 3EE /& .EW 9ORK .9 , ,
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0ARSONS #HARLES *AMES h#HARLIEv "OS. .9! #LE. #HERRY &LATS 0A , ,
0AYNE (ARLEY &ENWICK h(ARLEYv h,ADYv n"RO. 0IT. 7INDSOR /HIO " ,
0EARCE &RANKLIN *OSEPH h&RANKv ,OU. *EFFERSON #O +Y
0ARKS 7ILLIAM 2OBERT h"ILLv 7AS.! 0HI.! 3EE /& %ASTON 0A 2 2
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0EARCE 2ICHARD * h$ICKEYv 3T,.! 3EE 33 "ROOKLYN .9 2
2
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0EARS &RANK ( h&RANKv h!PPLESv +#! 3T,. ,OUISVILLE +Y
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0ECHINEY 'EORGE !DOLPHE h'EORGEv h0ISCHv n#IN! #LE! #INCINNATI /HIO 2 2
0EITZ (ENRY #LEMENT h(EINIEv 3T,. #IN. #IN. 3EE # 3T ,OUIS -O 2 2
0EOPLES *AMES %LSWORTH h*IMMYv #IN! 3EE # "IG "EAVER -ICH 2
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0EPPERS 7ILLIAM (ARRISON h"ILLv h(OT 3TUFFv ,OU. +ENTUCKY ,
0ETERS *OHN 0AUL h*OHNv #HI. 3EE 33 ,OUISIANA -O
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0ETTIT 2OBERT (ENRY h"OBv #HI. 3EE /& 7ILLIAMSTOWN -ASS ,
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0FANN 7ILLIAM & h"ILLv #IN. (AMILTON /NT #AN
0FEFFER .ATHANIEL &REDERICK h&REDv h&RITZv h$ANDELIONv n#HI. ,OU. ,OU. 3EE " ,OUISVILLE +Y 2 2
0HILLIPPE #HARLES ,OUIS h$EACONv ,OU. 0IT. 2URAL 2ETREAT 6A 2 2
2
0HILLIPS 7ILLIAM #ORCORAN h"ILLv h7HOA "ILLv h#YCLONEv 0IT. #IN. n#IN. !LLENPORT 0A 2 2
0HYLE 7ILLIAM *OSEPH h"ILLv n#HI. $ULUTH -INN
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0OWELL #HARLES !BNER h!BNERv 7AS5 "AL! #IN! 3EE /& 3HENANDOAH 0A , 2
0OWELL *OHN *OSEPH h*ACKv h2EDv n#LE. n3T,. "LOOMINGTON )ND 2 2
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0URCELL 7ILLIAM !LOYSIUS h"LONDIEv 3YR. n#IN. n"UF. n0HI. 0HI! n"AL! 3EE /& .EW 9ORK 5NKNOWN 2 2
0URNER /SCAR % h/SCARv 7AS. 7ASHINGTON $#
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0YLE (ARRY 4HOMAS h3CISSORSv h3HADOWv 0HI. #HI. 2EADING 0A ,
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2ADBOURN #HARLES 'ARDNER h#HARLEYv h(OSSv h/LD (OSSv n0RO. n"OS. "OS0 #IN. 3EE /& 2OCHESTER .9 2 2
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2ADFORD 0AUL 2EVERE h0AULv h3HORTYv n0RO. .9! #LE0 "OS! 7AS. 3EE /& 2OXBURY -ASS 2 2
2AMSEY 4HOMAS ( h4OADv n,OU! n3T,! )NDIANAPOLIS )ND 2 ,
2AYMOND (ARRY ( h(ARRYv h*ACKv ,OU! 3EE " 5TICA .9
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2ECCIUS *OHN h*OHNv n,OU! 3EE /& ,OUISVILLE +Y
2ECCIUS 0HILLIP h0HILv n,OU! #LE! 3EE " ,OUISVILLE +Y
2EIDY 7ILLIAM *OSEPH h"ILLv .9. "RO. #LEVELAND /HIO 2
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2EYNOLDS #HARLES % h#HARLIEv 0HI! !LLEGHENY 0A
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2HODES 7ILLIAM #LARENCE h$USTYv h"ILLv B 2OTES ,OU. 0OTTSTOWN 0A 5NKNOWN
2ICHARDSON !BRAM (ARDING h(ARDYv h(ARDIEv h/LD 4RUE "LUEv "UF. $ET. 3EE " #LARKSBORO .* 2 2
2ICHARDSON $ANIEL h$ANNYv n.9. 3EE " %LMIRA .9 2
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2OBINSON 7ILLIAM ( h9ANKv $ET. "AL5 n3T,! 3EE " 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2 2
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2USS *OHN h*OHNv "AL! #ONNELTON )ND
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2YAN *OHN ! h*OHNv AKA $ANIEL 3HEEHAN "AL5 5NKNOWN "IRMINGHAM -ICH 5NKNOWN
2YAN $ANIEL 2 h#YCLONEv .9! "OS. 3EE " #APPAGH 7HITE )RE 2
2
2YAN *OHN *OSEPH h*OHNNYv "AL.! .(.! ,OU. 3EE /& 0HILADELPHIA 0A
3ALISBURY (ENRY ( h(ARRYv 4RO. 0IT! 0ROVIDENCE 2)
,
3ANDERS !LEXANDER "ENNETT h"ENv n0HI. 0HI0 0HI! ,OU. 3EE 0 #ATHARPIN 6A 2 2
3AWYER 7ILLARD .EWTON h7ILLv #LE. "RIMlELD /HIO
,
,
3AYLOR 0HILIP !NDREW h0HILv h,EFTYv 0HI. 6AN 7ERT #O /HIO
,
nn
3CHAPPERT *OHN h*OHNv 3T,! 5NKNOWN "ROOKLYN .9
2
2
3CHEIBECK &RANK 3 h&RANKv #LE! 3EE 33 $ETROIT -ICH 2
2
3CHEIBLE *OHN ' h*ACKv #LE. 0HI. 9OUNGSTOWN /HIO
,
3CHENCK 7ILLIAM ' h"ILLv ,OU! 3EE " "ROOKLYN .9
3CHMIT &REDERICK - h#RAZYv h'ERMANYv h$UTCHv 0IT. n"AL. .9. #LE. #HICAGO )LL , ,
3CHOENECK ,OUIS . h*UMBOv )ND. 3EE " #HICAGO )LL 2
2
nn
3CHULTZE *OHN & h*OHNv 0HI. 5NKNOWN "URLINGTON .* 5NKNOWN
ONO
f_jY^[h h[]_ij[h
"IRTH $ATE "IRTH 0LACE
$EATH $ATE
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3COTT %DWARD h%Dv #IN. 7ALBRIDGE /HIO
2
2
3COTT -ILTON 0ARKER h-ILTv h-IKADO -ILTv "AL! 3EE " #HICAGO )LL 2 2
nn
3ECHRIST 4HEODORE /(ARA h$OCv h4EDv .9. 7ILLIAMSTOWN +Y 2
2
nn
nn
3EERY *OHN %MMETT h%MMETTv 3T,. 3EE /& 0RICEVILLE )LL ,
2
nn
3ELLMAN &RANK # h&RANKv AKA 7ILLIAMS -AR.! 3EE " "ALTIMORE -D
3ERAD 7ILLIAM ) h"ILLYv h4HE ,ITTLE &RENCHMANv n"UF. n#IN! 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2 2
3EWARD %DWARD 7ILLIAM h%Dv B 3OURHARDT 0RO. n0HI! #LE. #LEVELAND /HIO 2
3EXTON &RANK *OSEPH h&RANKv "OS. "ROCKTON -ASS
3EYMOUR *ACOB h*AKEv B 3EMER 0IT! 0ITTSBURGH 0A
,
3EYMOUR *AMES "ENTLEY h#Yv n.9. 3EE 0 !LBANY .9 ,
3HAFFER *OHN 7 h*OHNv h#ANNONBALLv h'ROCER "OYv n.9! ,OCK (AVEN 0A 2
3HALLIX !UGUST h'USv B 3HALLICK n#IN! 0ADERBORN 7ESTPHALIA 'ER
2
2
3HARROTT 'EORGE /SCAR h'EORGEv n"RO. 3TATEN )SLAND .9
,
,
3HARROTT *OHN (ENRY h*ACKv n.9. 0HI. 3EE 0 "ANGOR -E 2 2
3HAW &REDERICK ,ANDER h$UPEEv h7IZARDv n$ET. "OS5 0RO. n7AS. #HARLESTOWN -ASS , ,
3HAW 3AMUEL % h3AMv "AL! #HI. "ALTIMORE -D 5NKNOWN
2
2
3HEA -ICHAEL * h-IKEv #IN! .EW /RLEANS ,A
2
3HEARON *OHN - h*OHNv #LE. 0ITTSBURGH 0A
,
3HOCH 'EORGE 1UINTUS h'EORGEv 7AS. 3EE /& 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2 2
nn
3HREVE ,EVEN ,AWRENCE h,EVv "AL! n)ND. ,OUISVILLE +Y 2
2
OOF
f _ j Y ^[ h h[ ]_i j[ h
"IRTH $ATE "IRTH 0LACE
$EATH $ATE
"
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3IGSBY 3ETH $E 7ITT h3ETHv B 3ETH $E 7ITT .9. #OBLESKILL .9
nn
3LAGLE *OHN ! h*OHNv #IN! ,AWRENCE )ND 5NKNOWN
,
2
nn
3MITH "AL5 5NKNOWN 5NKNOWN
5NKNOWN
nn
3MITH #IN! 5NKNOWN 5NKNOWN
5NKNOWN
3MITH #HARLES -ARVIN h0OPv #OL! 3EE " $IGBY .3 #AN 2
2
nn
3MITH %D "AL5 5NKNOWN 5NKNOWN
5NKNOWN
3MITH %DGAR %UGENE h%DGARv 0RO. 0HI. 7AS! 0RO. #LE. 3EE /& 0ROVIDENCE 2) 2 2
3MITH %LMER %LLSWORTH h%LMERv n#IN! 0IT. 0IT. #IN. 3EE /& 0ITTSBURGH 0A , ,
3MITH &REDERICK 7ILLIAM h"ILLv B 3CHMIDT $ET. .EW /RLEANS ,A
2
3MITH &REDERICK # h&REDv 4OL! 'REENE .9
,
2
3MITH 'EORGE * h'ERMANYv !LT5 3EE 33 0ITTSBURGH 0A 2
2
nn
3MITH *OHN &RANCIS h0HENOMENALv B 'AMMON 0HI! 0IT! "RO! 0HI! $ET. n"AL! n0HI! 0HI. 0IT. 0HI. 0HILADELPHIA 0A , ,
3MITH 2EX h2EXv B (ENRY 7 3CHMIDT 0HI! ,OUISVILLE +Y
3MITH 4HOMAS %DWARD h4OMv "OS. 0HI. ,OU. 3T,. "OSTON -ASS 2 ,
3NYDER 'EORGE 4 h'EORGEv 0HI! 0HILADELPHIA 0A
3OMMER *OSEPH *OHN h*OEv #IN! n"AL! #LE. #OVINGTON +Y 2 2
nn
3OMMERVILLE !NDREW (ENRY h!NDYv B (ENRY 4RAVERS 3UMMERSGILL "RO. "ROOKLYN .9
3OWDERS *OHN h*OHNv )ND. +#! "RO0 ,OUISVILLE +Y 2
3OWDERS 7ILLIAM *EFFERSON h"ILLv h,ITTLE "ILLv n."OS. n0IT. ,OUISVILLE +Y 2 2
3PALDING !LBERT 'OODWILL h!Lv n"OS.! n#HI. 3EE 0 "YRON )LL 2 2
,
OOG
f_jY^[h h[]_ij[h
"IRTH $ATE "IRTH 0LACE
$EATH $ATE
"
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3PARKS 4HOMAS &RANK h4ULLYv 0HI. 0IT. %TNA 'A 2
2
3PRAGUE #HARLES 7ELLINGTON h#HARLIEv #HI. #LE. 4OL! 3EE /& #LEVELAND /HIO , ,
3PRINGER %DWARD ( h%Dv ,OU! #ALIFORNIA
3TAFFORD *AMES *OSEPH h'ENERALv h*AMSEYv "UF0 3EE /& 7EBSTER -ASS 2 2
3TAFFORD *OHN (ENRY h*OHNv h$OCv #LE. $UDLEY -ASS
2
2
,
nn
3TAHL #HARLES 3YLVESTER h#HICKv "OS. 3EE /& !VILA )ND ,
3TALEY (ENRY % h(ARRYv n0IT. 0IT0 0IT. n"OS. 3T,. *ACKSONVILLE )ND , 2
3TANLEY *OSEPH "ERNARD h*OEv 7AS. 7ASHINGTON $#
3TEARNS 7ILLIAM % h"ILLv /LY.! .AT.! 7AS.! (AR.! 7AS.! 7ASHINGTON $# 2
3TECHER 7ILLIAM 4HEORDORE h"ILLv 0HI! 2IVERSIDE .*
"
2
nn
3TEIN %DWARD & h%Dv n#HI. n"RO. "RO. $ETROIT -ICH 2 2
3TELLBERGER 7ILLIAM & h"ILLv 0RO. $ETROIT -ICH
,
,
3TEMMEYER 7ILLIAM h"ILLv h#ANNONBALLv h4HE #LEVELAND #YCLONEv n"OS. #LE! #LEVELAND /HIO 2 2
3TEPHENS #LARENCE 7RIGHT h#LARENCEv #IN! n#IN. #INCINNATI /HIO 2
3TEPHENS 'EORGE "ENJAMIN h"ENv "AL. n7AS. 2OMEO -ICH 2
3TERLING *OHN ! h*OHNv 0HI! 5NKNOWN 0HILADELPHIA 0A 5NKNOWN
3TIMMEL !RCHIBALD -AY h!RCHIEv h,UMBAGOv #IN. 7OODSBORO -D 2 2
3TINE (ARRY # h(ARRYv 0HI! 3HENANDOAH 0A
,
3TIVETTS *OHN %LMER h*ACKv h(APPY *ACKv n3T,! n"OS. #LE. 3EE 0 !SHLAND 0A 2 2
3TOCKSDALE /TIS (INKLEY h/TISv h/LD 'RAY &OXv n7AS. "OS. "AL. 3EE 0 !RCADIA -D , 2
OOH
f _ j Y ^[ h h[ ]_i j[ h
"IRTH $ATE "IRTH 0LACE
$EATH $ATE
"
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3TOVEY (ARRY $UFlELD h(ARRYv B 3TOWE 7OR. 0HI! 0HI! 3EE /& 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2 2
nn
3TRATTON #HILTON 3COTT h3COTTv n,OU! 0IT. n,OU. #HI. #HI. 3EE 0 #AMPBELLSBURG +Y , 2
3TRATTON 7ILLIAM %DWARD h%Dv -AR.! 5NKNOWN "ALTIMORE -D 5NKNOWN
3TRAUSS *OSEPH h*OEv h$UTCHv h4HE 3OCKERv B 3TRASSER ,OU! 3EE /& #INCINNATI /HIO 2 2
nn
3TREIT /SCAR 7ILLIAM h/SCARv "OS. &LORENCE !LA
3TRICKER *OHN ! h#UBv B 3TREAKER 0HI! 0HI! n#LE! 3EE " 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2 2
3TRIKE *OHN h*OHNv B 3TREICH 0HI. 0HILADELPHIA 0A 5NKNOWN
3TULTZ 'EORGE )RVIN h'EORGEv "OS. ,OUISVILLE +Y
3UDHOFF *OHN 7ILLIAM h7ILLIEv h7EE 7ILLIEv n3T,. #LE. n3T,. 3T ,OUIS -O 2 2
3ULLIVAN &LORENCE 0 h&LEURYv 0IT! % 3T ,OUIS -O
,
,
3ULLIVAN $ANIEL *AMES h*IMv "OS. #OL! n"OS. #HARLESTOWN -ASS 2 2
3ULLIVAN -ARTIN # h-ARTYv #HI. 3EE /& ,OWELL -ASS 2
2
nn
3ULLIVAN -ICHAEL *OSEPH h-IKEv h"IG -IKEv 7AS. #HI. 0HI! .9. n#IN. 7AS. n#LE. n.9. "OS. "OSTON -ASS , 2
3ULLIVAN 0ATRICK * h0ATv +#5 3EE " -ILWAUKEE 7IS 5NKNOWN
2
3ULLIVAN 3UTER ' h3UTERv 3T,. 3EE " "ALTIMORE -D
nn
3ULLIVAN 4HOMAS *EFFERSON h3LEEPERv h/LD )RON (ANDSv 3T,5 3EE # 5NKNOWN 3T ,OUIS -O 2 2
3ULLIVAN 7ILLIAM & h"ILLv 3YR! 0ROVIDENCE 2)
3UNDAY 7ILLIAM !SHLEY h"ILLYv h0ARSONv 0IT. 3EE /& !MES )OWA , 2
nn
nn
3UTTHOFF *OHN 'ERHARD h*ACKv h3UNNY *ACKv 7AS. 3T,. #INCINNATI /HIO , 2
3ULLIVAN 4HOMAS h4OMv #OL! ,OU! n+#! .EW 9ORK .9
OOI
f_jY^[h h[]_ij[h
"IRTH $ATE "IRTH 0LACE
$EATH $ATE
"
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3UTTON %ZRA "ALLOU h%ZRAv !TH.! 3EE " 0ALMYRA .9 2
2
nn
3WABACK 7ILLIAM h"ILLv B 3CHWAPPACH .9. .EW 9ORK .9
3WAIM *OHN (ILLARY h#Yv h(ILLARYv n7AS. #ADWALLADER /HIO
3WARTWOOD #YRUS %DWARD h%Dv 0IT! 4OL! 3EE /& 2OCKFORD )LL , 2
3WARTZEL 0ARKE " h0ARKv +#! +NIGHTSTOWN )ND
nn
2
2
3WEENEY #HARLES * h#HARLIEv n0RO. 3TL5 n3T,. #LE! 3EE 0 3AN &RANCISCO #A 2 2
3WEENEY 7ILLIAM * h"ILLv 0HI! "AL5 0HILADELPHIA 0A
2
3YLVESTER ,OUIS * h,OUv #IN5 3EE /& 3PRINGlELD )LL
2
2
4ABER *OHN 0ARDON h*OHNv "OS. !CUSHNET -ASS
2
2
4AYLOR *OHN "UDD h*ACKv h"REWERY *ACKv .9. n0HI. 3T,. #IN. 3EE 0 3TATEN )SLAND .9 2 2
4AYLOR *OHN 7 h*ACKv n#HI. .EW 3TRAITSVILLE /HIO
2
2
4AYLOR ,UTHER (ADEN h$UMMYv .9. /SKALOOSA +AN
2
2
4ANNEHILL *ESSE .ILES h*ESSEv h0OWDERv #IN. n0IT. 3EE 0 $AYTON +Y " ,
4AYLOR 7ILLIAM (ENRY h"ILLYv h"OLLICKY "ILLYv h*UMBOv 7OR. $ET. #LE. n0IT! 3T,5 n0HI! "AL! 0HI! 3EE 0 7ASHINGTON $# 2 2
4EBEAU 'EORGE % h7HITE 7INGSv h'EORGEv #IN! 4OL! 3EE /& 3T ,OUIS -O 2 2
4EBEAU /LIVER 7ENDELL h0ATSYv #LE. 3EE " 3T ,OUIS -O 2 2
nn
nn
4ENER *OHN +INLEY h*OHNv "AL! n#HI. 0IT0 #OUNTY 4YRONE )RE 2 2
4ENNEY &RED #LAY h&REDv "OS5 7IL5 3EE /& -ARLBOROUGH .(
4ERRY 7ILLIAM ( h"ILLv h!DONISv n"RO! n"RO. "AL. n0IT. n#HI. 3EE 0 7ESTlELD -ASS 2 2
4HOMAS 2OY !LLEN h2OYv 0HI. 3EE /& .ORRISTOWN 0A ,
,
nn
O OJ
f _ j Y ^[ h h[ ]_i j[ h
"IRTH $ATE "IRTH 0LACE
$EATH $ATE
"
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4HOMAS 4HOMAS 2 h4OMv h3AVAGE 4OMv #LE. n3T,. 3HAWNEE /HIO 2 2
4HOMPSON !RTHUR * h!RTv 7AS5 5NKNOWN 5NKNOWN 5NKNOWN
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0CT
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4HOMPSON 7ILL -C,AIN h7ILLv h"ILLYv 0IT. 0ITTSBURGH 0A 2
2
4HORNTON *OHN h*ACKv 7AS. n0HI. 3T,. 7ASHINGTON $# 5NKNOWN " 2
4HORNTON 7ALTER -ILLER h7ALTERv n#HI. 3EE /& ,EWISTON -E , ,
4ITCOMB ,EDELL h#ANNONBALLv h,ITTLE 4ITv 0HI. 0HI! n.9. 2OC! 7 "ALDWIN -E , ,
4ODD 'EORGE &RANKLIN h&RANKv ,OU. !BERDEEN -D
4IERNAN -ICHAEL *OSEPH h-IKEv h3ILENT -IKEv .9. 3EE /& 4RENTON .* , ,
,
4OOLE 3TEPHEN *OHN h3TEVEv n"RO! +#! "RO! 3EE 0 .EW /RLEANS ,A 2 ,
4RUMBULL %DWARD * h%Dv B 4REMBLY 7AS! 3EE /& #HICOPEE -ASS ,
4UCKER 4HOMAS *OSEPH h4OMMYv h&OGHORNv h4OMMY 4ALKERv "AL! "OS. 3EE " (OLYOKE -ASS " 2
nn
4URNER 'EORGE ! h4UCKv 0HI. 3EE /& 7 .EW "RIGHTON .9
nn
4WITCHELL ,AWRENCE 'RANT h,ARRYv n$ET. #LE. "UF0 #OL! ,OU. 3EE /& #LEVELAND /HIO 2 2
4YNG *AMES !LEXANDER h*IMv "OS. 0HI. 0HILADELPHIA 0A
2
5NDERWOOD &REDERICK 4HEODORE h&REDv "RO. 3T ,OUIS #O -O
6ALENTINE *OHN 'ILL h*OHNv #OL! "ROOKLYN .9
6AN (ALTREN 'EORGE %DWARD -ARTIN h'EORGEv h2IPv n#HI. 0IT0 "AL! "AL. n.9. .9. 3EE /& 3T ,OUIS -O , ,
6AUGHN (ARRY &RANCE h&ARMERv #IN! 3EE # 2URALDALE /HIO 2
"
,
2
nn
6EACH 7ALTER 7ILLIAM h0EEKIEv h0EEKABOOv +#5 ,OU! 3EE " )NDIANAPOLIS )ND
6IAU ,EON ! h,EONv h,EEv n#IN! #IN. n#LE. ,OU. "OS. #ORINTH 6T 2 2
OOK
f_jY^[h h[]_ij[h
"IRTH $ATE "IRTH 0LACE
$EATH $ATE
"
4
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6ICKERY 4HOMAS 'ILL h4OMv h6INEGAR 4OMv 0HI. #HI. "AL. 0HI. -ILFORD .* 2
6INTON 7ILLIAM -ILLER h"ILLv h#ULLYv n0HI. 0HI! 7INTHROP -ASS 2 2
6IRTUE *ACOB +ITCHLINE h*AKEv h'UESSESv n#LE. 3EE " 0HILADELPHIA 0A " ,
3/
3(
7
,
0CT
%2!
nn
6ON &RICKEN !NTHONY h(ONv AKA &RICKEN "OS. "ROOKLYN .9 "
2
6OSS !LEXANDER h!LECKv 7AS5 +#5 2OSWELL 'A
2
7ADSWORTH *OHN , h*ACKv h7ADDYv #LE. "AL. n,OU. 7ELLINGTON /HIO , 2
7AGNER *OHN 0ETER h(ONUSv h4HE &LYING $UTCHMANv 0IT. 3EE /& -ANSlELD 0A 2 2
nn
7ALKER 'EORGE ! h'EORGEv "AL! (AMILTON /NT #AN 5NKNOWN
2
7ADDELL 'EORGE %DWARD h2UBEv ,OU. ,OU. 0IT. "RADFORD 0A 2 ,
2
7ALLACE 2HODERICK *OHN h"OBBYv n#LE. 3EE " 0ITTSBURGH 0A 2 2
7ARD *OHN h*OHNNYv 0RO. 5NKNOWN % 3T ,OUIS )LL
5NKNOWN
7ARD *OHN -ONTGOMERY h*OHNv h*OHNNIEv n0RO. n.9. 3EE 33 "ELLEFONTE 0A , 2
7ATSON 7ALTER , h-OTHERv #IN! -IDDLEPORT /HIO
7EAVER 3AMUEL ( h"UCKv h3AMv 0HI.! -IL. 0HI! ,OU! 0HI5 0HI! 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2 2
7EBER #HARLES 0 h#HARLIEv h2OSEYv h#OUNTv 7AS. #INCINNATI /HIO 2
7ELCH #URTIS "ENTON h#URTv 0HI! 3EE /& % ,IVERPOOL /HIO 2
nn
2
7ELCH -ICHAEL &RANCIS h-ICKEYv h-IKEv h3MILING -ICKEYv n4RO. n.9. "ROOKLYN .9 2 2
7ERDEN 0ERCIVAL 7HERITT h0ERRYv 3T,5 3EE " 3T ,OUIS -O 2 2
7EST * &RANKLIN h&RANKv "OS. *OHNSTOWN 0A
nn
7ESTERVELT (UYLER h(UYLERv .9. 4ENAmY . *
2
OOL
f _ j Y ^[ h h[ ]_i j[ h
"IRTH $ATE "IRTH 0LACE
$EATH $ATE
"
4
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,
0CT
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7ETZEL 'EORGE 7ILLIAM h3HORTYv "AL! 0HILADELPHIA 0A
7EYHING !UGUST h'USv h#ANNONBALLv h/GGIEv n0HI! "RO0 0HI! n0HI. 0IT. n,OU. n7AS. 3T,. "RO. ,OUISVILLE +Y 2 2
7EYHING *OHN h*OHNv #IN! #OL! ,OUISVILLE +Y
2
2
7HEELER (ARRY %UGENE h(ARRYv 0RO. #IN. #IN! #OL! +#5 3EE /& 6ERSAILLES )ND 2 2
7HITAKER 7ILLIAM ( h0ATv h"ILLYv n"AL! 3T ,OUIS -O
2
7HITE 'EORGE &REDERICK h$EKEv 0HI. !LBANY .9
,
7HITE *AMES ,AURIE h$EACONv #HI. "UF0 3EE " #ATON .9 , 2
nn
7HITE 7ILLIAM $IGHTON h"ILLv ,OU! 3EE 33 "RIDGEPORT /HIO
nn
7HEELER 'EORGE ,OUIS h'EORGEv B (EROUX n0HI. -ETHEUN -ASS " 2
"
2
7HITE 7ILLIAM (ENRY h7ILLv h7HOOPn,Av h-EDICINE "ILLv "OS. n#IN. $ET. n#IN! #ATON .9 " 2
7HITEHEAD -ILTON 0 h-ILTv 3T,5 3EE 33 #ANADA "
2
7HITNEY *AMES %VANS h*IMv h'RASSHOPPERv n"OS. +#. n7AS. )ND. 0HI! 3EE 0 #ONKLIN .9 , 2
7HITROCK 7ILLIAM &RANKLIN h"ILLv 3T,! n,OU. #IN. 0HI. #INCINNATI /HIO 2
7IEDMAN 'EORGE % h3TUMPv B 7IEDMAN "UF. n$ET. +#. $ET. .9! n.9. 3EE 0 2OCHESTER .9 2 2
7ILHELM (ARRY ,ESTER h(ARRYv ,OU. 5NIONTOWN 0A
2
2
7ILLIAMS !UGUSTINE ( h'USv "RO! .EW 9ORK .9
7ILLIAMS %LISHA !LPHONSO h$ALEv #IN. ,UDLOW +Y
2
2
7ILLIAMS 4HOMAS # h4OMv n#LE. -INERSVILLE /HIO
7HITNEY !RTHUR 7ILSON h!RTv $ET. 0IT! .9. 3EE " "ROCKTON -ASS 2 2
7IDNER 7ILLIAM 7ATERlELD h"ILLv h7ILD "ILLv AKA 7EIDNER #IN! 7AS. n#OL! #IN! #INCINNATI /HIO 2 2
OOM
f_jY^[h h[]_ij[h
"IRTH $ATE "IRTH 0LACE
$EATH $ATE
"
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2
2
7ILLIAMS 7ASHINGTON * h7ASHv #HI. 3EE /& 5NKNOWN 0HILADELPHIA 0A
nn
7ILLIAMSON %DWARD .AGLE h.EDv n#HI. 3EE " 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2 2
7ILLIS 6ICTOR 'AZAWAY h6ICv n"OS. #ECIL #O -D
7ILSON &RANK %ALTON h:EKEv "OS. n#LE. 3T,. "ENTON !LA 2 2
7ILSON (OWARD 0AUL h(IGHBALLv #LE. 0HILADELPHIA 0A
7ILLIAMS 7ALTER -ERRILL h0OPv 7AS. "OWDOINHAM -E
2
2
2
7INKELMAN 'EORGE %DWARD h'EORGEv 7AS. 0HILADELPHIA 0A ,
,
7ISE 7ILLIAM % h"ILLv "AL! 7AS5 7AS. 7ASHINGTON $#
7ITHEROW #HARLES ,AFAYETTE h#HARLESv 7AS.! 7ASHINGTON $#
7OLF 7ILLIAM 6AN 7INKLE h*IMMYv h#HICKENv ,OU! n,OU! ,OUISVILLE +Y 2 2
nn
7OLTERS 2EINDER !LBERTUS h2YNIEv -UT.! #LE.! 2ES.! 3CHANTZ .ETH 2
7OOD 'EORGE ! h'EORGEv h$ANDYv $ET. $ET. n0HI. 3EE /& "OSTON -ASS , 2
nn
7OOD *OHN " h*OHNv 3T,. 0HILADELPHIA 0A
nn
nn
7OOD 0ETER "URKE h0ETEv "UF. 0HI. $UNDAS /NT #AN
2
2
7OODCOCK &RED 7EYLAND h&REDv 0IT. 7INCHENDON -ASS
,
,
7OODS 7ALTER 3YDNEY h7ALTv #HI. ,OU. 0IT. 2YE . ( 2 2
7RIGHT $AVID 7ILLIAM h$AVEv 0IT. #HI. $ENNISON /HIO 2
7RIGHT 'EORGE h'EORGEv "OS.! "OS. 3EE 33 9ONKERS .9 2 2
7RIGHT 7ILLIAM (ENRY h(ARRYv n"OS.! 3EE /& 3HEFlELD %NGLAND 2 2
7YMAN &RANK ( h&RANKv +#5 3EE /& (AVERHILL -ASS
2
OON
f _ j Y ^[ h h[ ]_i j[ h
"IRTH $ATE "IRTH 0LACE
$EATH $ATE
"
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2
7'4
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9EAGER *OSEPH & h*OEv h,ITTLE *OEv n"RO. 3EE 0 0HILADELPHIA 0A 2 2
9ERRICK 7ILLIAM *OHN h"ILLv AKA "ANKS n"OS. $ANVILLE 0A 2 2
9INGLING *OSEPH 'RANVILLE h*OEv 7AS. "ALTIMORE -D
2
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' 7 , 0#4 0%..!.43 3HARSIG 7ILLIAM ! h"ILLv /W B 0HILADELPHIA 0A D &EB 0HILADELPHIA 0A 0HI! 0HI! 3HETTSLINE 7ILLIAM *OSEPH h"ILLv B /CT 0HILADELPHIA 0A D &EB 0HILADELPHIA 0A 0HI. 3IMMONS *OSEPH 3 h*OEv 7ES.! 7IL5 3IMMONS ,EWIS h,EWv /W B !UG .EW #ASTLE 0A D 3EPT *AMESTOWN 0A 0HI! 3MITH 7ILLIAM * h"ILLv -AR.! 3NYDER #HARLES . h0OPv #IN! #IN! 7AS! 3PALDING !LBERT 'OODWILL h!Lv #HI. 3PENCE (ARRISON , h(ARRYv B &EB .EW 9ORK .9 D -AY #HICAGO )LL )ND. 3TALLINGS 'EORGE 4WEEDY h'EORGEv 0HI. 3TART *OSEPH h*OEv .9.! 3TOVEY (ARRY $UFlELD h(ARRYv 7OR. 0HI! 3TRICKER *OHN ! h#UBv 3T,. 3ULLIVAN *AMES 0ATRICK h0ATv B 5NKNOWN D -AY #OL! 3ULLIVAN 4IMOTHY 0AUL h4EDv 3T,! 3T,5 +#5 7AS. 3WEASY #HARLES *AMES h#HARLIEv 2EDS.! 4AYLOR 'EORGE * h'EORGEv B .OV .EW 9ORK .9 D /CTOBER .EW 9ORK .9 "RO! 4EBEAU /LIVER 7ENDELL h0ATSYv #LE0 #LE. 3T,. 4HOMAS &REDERICK , h&REDv B )NDIANA D 5NKNOWN )ND. 4HOMPSON !NDREW - h!NDYv h!-v /W B .OVEMBER 3EWARD )LL D &EBRUARY 0ECATONICA )LL 3T05 4ROTT 3AMUEL 7 h3AMv 7AS!
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kcf_h[ heij[h ! COMPLETE ROSTER OF MEN WHO SERVED AS REGULAR UMPIRES IN EACH OF THE lVE MAJOR LEAGUES BETWEEN AND WITH YEARS OF SERVICE IN PARENTHESES 0 - /
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(ECKER 'UY *ACKSON 0(OLLAND *OHN ! (OLLAND 7ILLARD ! 0 (URLEY -ICHAEL $ANIEL *ENNINGS !LFRED 'ORDEN 0 *ONES #HARLES 7ESLEY 0 +ELLY *OHN / 0+ERINS *OHN .ELSON 0+NIGHT !LONZO 0 0,AWLER *OHN & -ACK $ENNIS *OSEPH 0-ACULLAR *AMES & 0 -AGNER *OHN 4 0 -AHONEY -ICHAEL * -ATHEWS 2OBERT 4 0 -C,AUGHLIN -ICHAEL * -C,EAN 7ILLIAM ( -C.ICHOL 2OBERT -C1UAID *OHN ( -ORTON #HARLES (AZEN 0/"RIEN &RANK
0EOPLES *AMES %LSWORTH 0 0IKE ,IPMAN %MANUEL 00RATT !LBERT 'EORGE 01UINN !* 2ILEY 7ILLIAM *AMES 0 2OSS 2OBERT 4 3EWARD 'EORGE % 0 3IMMONS *OSEPH 3 03MITH #HARLES -ELVIN 0 3NYDER #HARLES . 03OMMER "ENJAMIN & 3ULLIVAN *EREMIAH 3ULLIVAN 4IMOTHY 0AUL 04AYLOR 7ALTER 4OOLE 3TEPHEN *OHN 0 4UNNISON 7ILLIAM 6ALENTINE *OHN ' 7ALSH -ICHAEL & 9ORK 4HOMAS *EFFERSON 09OUNG "ENJAMIN &
kd_ed WiieY_Wj_ed >GNNJ? #RAWFORD !LEXANDER $EVINNEY 0( $UTTON 0ATRICK (ENGLE %MORY * 0 (OLLAND *OHN ! (OOPER -ICHAEL ( 0 *ENNINGS !LFRED 'ORDEN 0
*ORDAN 7ILLIAM ( -APLEDORAM "LAKE ! -C#AFFREY (ARRY #HARLES 0 3EWARD 'EORGE % 0 3TEARNS $ANIEL %CKFORD 0 3ULLIVAN $AVID &
f b Wo [ h i b [ W ] k [ > GN O F ? "ARNES 2OSCOE #HARLES 0 &ERGUSON 2OBERT 6AVASOUR 0-/ 'AFFNEY *OHN ( 'UNNING 4HOMAS &RANCIS 0 (OLBERT 7ILLIAM (ENRY 0*ONES #HARLES 7ESLEY 0
+NIGHT !LONZO 0 0,EACH (ENRY -ATTHEWS *OHN 0IERCE 'RAYSON 3 0 3HERIDAN *OHN & 3NYDER #HARLES . 0-
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"ILL 'LEASON WAS THE 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS REGULAR SHORTSTOP FROM TO AND CONCLUDED HIS MAJOR LEAGUE PLAYING CAREER IN 0RIOR TO THE SEASON THE !MERICAN !SSOCIATION AP POINTED HIM TO ITS REGULAR UMPIRING STAFF 'LEASONS lRST ASSIGNMENT WAS TO OFlCIATE THE /PEN ING $AY GAME AT 3T ,OUIS ON !PRIL BETWEEN THE "ROWNS AND #INCINNATI +ELLYS +ILLERS 7HEN THE GAME WENT INTO OVERTIME KNOTTED #INCINNATI BEGAN TO STALL ON ORDERS FROM MANAGER -IKE +ELLY WHO CLAIMED IT WAS TOO DARK TO CONTINUE 'LEASON DISAGREED +ELLY WENT INTO A DEEPER STALL AND STEPPED UP HIS ACCUSATIONS THAT EVERYTHING 'LEASON DID FAVORED HIS OLD
GFGG
GFGH
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TEAM &INALLY IN EXASPERATION 'LEASON FORFEITED THE GAME TO 3T ,OUIS (E THEN STORMED OFF THE lELD AND CABLED HIS RESIGNATION TO !SSOCIATION HEADQUARTERS 'LEASONS FORFEITURE WAS LATER OVER TURNED AND THE GAME HAD TO BE REPLAYED ONLY CONlRMING HIS JUDGMENT THAT THE JOB WAS NOT FOR HIM (E NEVER UMPIRED ANOTHER GAME IN THE MAJORS
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$ICK (IGHAM WAS ALREADY A SHADOWY lGURE LONG BEFORE HE CUT ALL TIES WITH 0ROVIDENCE AFTER HE PACED THE .ATIONAL ,EAGUE IN BOTH RUNS AND DOUBLES IN /NLY AT THE TIME (IGHAM PLAYED JUST ONE MORE GAME IN THE MAJORS "UT PERHAPS CHOOSING TO BELIEVE THAT HIS LINEAGE (IGHAM WAS BORN IN %NGLAND THE SON OF A HIGHLY RESPECTED CRICKET PLAYERWOULD EVENTUALLY PREVAIL OVER HIS REPUTATION .ATIONAL ,EAGUE PRESIDENT 7ILLIAM (ULBERT HIRED HIM AS A REGULAR UMPIRE IN 4HE FOLLOWING SEASON WHILE UMPIRING A STRING OF GAMES INVOLVING $ETROIT (IGHAM CAME UNDER ATTACK WHEN HE SEEMED TO BE GIVING THE 7OLVERINES OPPONENTS THE BENElT OF TOO MANY CLOSE CALLS 7OLVERINES PRESIDENT 7 ' 4HOMPSON WHO WAS ALSO THE MAYOR OF $E TROIT WAS lNALLY LED TO INSPECT (IGHAMS MAIL MUCH OF WHICH WAS IN CODE AND NOT PARTICULARLY HARD TO DECIPHEROR SO 4HOMPSON BELIEVED (E CLAIMED IT WAS SIMPLE TO DEDUCE THAT (IGHAM WAS IN COLLUSION WITH GAMBLERS WHO WERE BETTING AGAINST $ETROIT ON THE UMPIRES ASSURANCE THAT THEIR MONEY WAS SAFE !FTER BEING BOOTED FROM BASEBALL (IGHAM REMAINED A SHADOWY lGURE !CCORDING TO SOME REPORTS HE PARLAYED THE CONNECTIONS HED MADE AS A CROOKED UMPIRE AND BECAME A BOOKMAKER IN #HICAGO 4HOMPSON ALSO LEFT THE GAME SOON THEREAFTER )N THE LATE S HE TOLD FORMER 7OL VERINES MANAGER &RANK "ANCROFT THAT HE NOW LOATHED BASEBALL AND ADDED h"ASEBALL IS LIKE THE MEASLES ) HAD IT ONCE AND THATS ENOUGHv -EANWHILE BY THAT TIME (IGHAM HAD DROPPED FROM VIEW SO COMPLETELY THAT UNLIKE EVERY OTHER NEFARIOUS INCIDENT OR SCANDAL SINCE BASEBALLS INCEPTION AS A PROFESSION IN THE LATE S THE STORY OF HIS BANISHMENT WAS NEVER REPRISED AND SELDOM EVEN MENTIONED BY THE GAMES TWO MAJOR ORGANS OF HIS TIME 3PORTING ,IFE AND 4HE 3PORTING .EWS 4HE SILENCE SURROUNDING (IGHAMS DEPARTURE FROM THE GAME COUPLED WITH HIS OWN REFUSAL EVER TO DISCUSS IT PUBLICLY OR MAKE ANY OSTENSIBLE ATTEMPT TO DEFEND HIMSELF AGAINST THE BRIBERY CHARGES LENDS WEIGHT TO THOSE WHO FEEL THAT THE FULL STORY DID NOT EMERGE IN AND PROBABLY NEVER WILL
d_d[j[[d j^ Y [ djk h o i_d]b[ i[Wied W dZ Y Wh [ [ h b [ W Z[ h i X W jj_d] "ATTING !VERAGE !"S
4IP /.EILL 3T ,OUIS !! 2OSS "ARNES #HICAGO ., 2OSS "ARNES "OSTON .! &RED $UNLAP 3T ,OUIS 5! 0ETE "ROWNING ,OUISVILLE !!
3LUGGING !VERAGE !"S
4IP /.EILL 3T ,OUIS !! &RED $UNLAP 3T ,OUIS 5! 2OSS "ARNES "OSTON .! 2OSS "ARNES #HICAGO ., $AN "ROUTHERS $ETROIT .,
4OTAL "ASES
4IP /.EILL 3T ,OUIS !! 3AM 4HOMPSON $ETROIT ., $AVE /RR .EW 9ORK !! 0ETE "ROWNING ,OUISVILLE !! $ENNY ,YONS 0HILADELPHIA !!
(ITS
4IP /.EILL 3T ,OUIS !! 0ETE "ROWNING ,OUISVILLE !! $ENNY ,YONS 0HILADELPHIA !! *ACK 'LASSCOCK )NDIANAPOLIS ., 3AM 4HOMPSON $ETROIT .,
2UNS
4OM "ROWN "OSTON !! 4IP /.EILL 3T ,OUIS !! !RLIE ,ATHAM 3T ,OUIS !! (UGH $UFFY #HICAGO 0, &RED $UNLAP 3T ,OUIS 5! -IKE +ELLY #HICAGO ., PRE ., RECORD
$OUBLES
4IP /.EILL 3T ,OUIS !! .ED 7ILLIAMSON #HICAGO ., $ENNY ,YONS 0HILADELPHIA !! $AN "ROUTHERS "UFFALO ., -IKE +ELLY "OSTON ., 3AM 4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA .,
4RIPLES
$AVE /RR .EW 9ORK !! ,ONG *OHN 2EILLY #INCINNATI ., (ARRY 3TOVEY 0HILADELPHIA !! 3AM 4HOMPSON $ETROIT ., 2OGER #ONNOR .EW 9ORK ., "ID -C0HEE #INCINNATI ., *OE 6ISNER 0ITTSBURGH 0, *AKE "ECKLEY 0ITTSBURGH 0,
GFGI
GFGJ
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(OME 2UNS
.ED 7ILLIAMSON #HICAGO ., &RED 0FEFFER #HICAGO ., !BNER $ALRYMPLE #HICAGO ., #AP !NSON #HICAGO ., 3AM 4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA .,
7ALKS
*ACK #ROOKS 3T ,OUIS ,! "ILL *OYCE "ROOKLYN 0, 9ANK 2OBINSON 3T ,OUIS !! $UMMY (OY 3T ,OUIS !! #UPID #HILDS #LEVELAND ,!
3TOLEN "ASES
(UGH .ICOL #INCINNATI !! !RLIE ,ATHAM 3T ,OUIS !! #HARLIE #OMISKEY 3T ,OUIS !! *OHN 7ARD .EW 9ORK ., "ILLY (AMILTON +ANSAS #ITY !! "ILLY (AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA .,
3TRIKEOUTS
3AM 7ISE "OSTON ., 4OM "ROWN "OSTON !! 4OM "ROWN ,OUISVILLE ,! *IM -C4AMANY #OLUM 0HILA !! &RANK -EINKE $ETROIT .,
(IT BY 0ITCH
#URT 7ELCH "ALTIMORE !! #URT 7ELCH 0HILA "ALT !! 4OMMY 4UCKER "ALTIMORE !! 4OMMY 4UCKER "ALTIMORE !! #URT 7ELCH 0HILADELPHIA !! #HIEF 2OSEMAN 3T, ,OUIS !! 4OMMY 4UCKER "OSTON .,
"ATTING !VERAGE !"S
(UGH $UFFY "OSTON ,! 7ILLIE +EELER "ALTIMORE ,! 3AM 4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA ,! %D $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA ,! *ESSE "URKETT #LEVELAND ,!
3LUGGING !VERAGE !"S
3AM 4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA ,! (UGH $UFFY "OSTON ,! 3AM 4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA ,! "ILL *OYCE 7ASHINGTON ,! %D $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA ,!
4OTAL "ASES
(UGH $UFFY "OSTON ,! 3AM 4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA ,! %D $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA ,! %D $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA ,! "UCK &REEMAN 7ASHINGTON ,!
(ITS
*ESSE "URKETT #LEVELAND ,! 7ILLIE +EELER "ALTIMORE ,! %D $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA ,! (UGH $UFFY "OSTON ,! *ESSE "URKETT #LEVELAND ,!
2UNS
"ILLY (AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA ,! "ILLY (AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA ,! *OE +ELLEY "ALTIMORE ,! 7ILLIE +EELER "ALTIMORE ,! 7ILLIE +EELER "ALTIMORE ,!
GOj ^ Y [ dj k h o i _ d] b[ i [ W i e d W dZ Y W h [ [ h b[ W Z[ h i
$OUBLES
%D $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA ,! (UGH $UFFY "OSTON ,! %D $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA ,! *OE +ELLEY "ALTIMORE ,! (ONUS 7AGNER 0ITTSBURGH ., 3AM 4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA ,! 7ALT 7ILMOT #HICAGO ,!
4RIPLES (OME 2UNS
(EINIE 2EITZ "ALTIMORE ,! 0ERRY 7ERDEN 3T ,OUIS ,! 3AM 4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA ,! (ARRY $AVIS 0ITTSBURGH ,! *IMMY 7ILLIAMS 0ITTSBURGH ,! 'EORGE $AVIS .EW 9ORK ,!
7ALKS
"ILLY (AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA ,! *OHN -C'RAW "ALTIMORE ,! *ACK #ROOKS 3T ,OUIS ,! #UPID #HILDS #LEVELAND ,! 2OY 4HOMAS 0HILADELPHIA ,! 2OY 4HOMAS 0HILADELPHIA .,
3TOLEN "ASES
"ILLY (AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA ,! "ILLY (AMILTON 0HILADELPHIA ,! *OE +ELLEY "ALTIMORE ,! "ILL ,ANGE #HICAGO ,! "ILLY (AMILTON "OSTON ,!
3TRIKEOUTS
4OM "ROWN ,OUISVILLE ,! 4OM $ALY "ROOKLYN ,! 4OM "ROWN ,OUISVILLE ,! 4OM "ROWN 3T, 7ASH ,! 4OM -C#REERY ,OUISVILLE ,!
(IT BY 0ITCH
(UGHIE *ENNINGS "ALTIMORE ,! (UGHIE *ENNINGS "ALTIMORE ,! (UGHIE *ENNINGS "ALTIMORE ,! $AN -C'ANN "ALTIMORE ,! $AN -C'ANN "ROOK 7ASH ,!
"UCK &REEMAN 7ASHINGTON ,! %D $ELAHANTY 0HILADELPHIA ,! (UGH $UFFY "OSTON ,! 3AM 4HOMPSON 0HILADELPHIA ,! *ACK #LEMENTS 0HILADELPHIA ,! "ILL *OYCE 7ASHINGTON ,! "OBBY ,OWE "OSTON ,! "ILL *OYCE 7ASHINGTON ,!
f_j Y ^_d] 7INS
#HARLEY 2ADBOURN 0ROVIDENCE ., !L 3PALDING "OSTON .! *OHN #LARKSON #HICAGO ., 'UY (ECKER ,OUISVILLE !! !L 3PALDING "OSTON .! *OHN #LARKSON "OSTON .,
,OSSES
*OHN #OLEMAN 0HILADELPHIA ., 7ILL 7HITE #INCINNATI ., ,ARRY -C+EON )NDIANAPOLIS !! 'EORGE "RADLEY 4ROY ., *IM -C#ORMICK #LEVELAND .,
GFGK
GFGL
GO j ^ Y [ d jk h o i_d ]b [ i[ Wie d W dZ Y W h [ [ h b[ W Z[ h i
)NNINGS
7ILL 7HITE #INCINNATI ., #HARLEY 2ADBOURN 0ROVIDENCE ., 'UY (ECKER ,OUISVILLE !! *IM -C#ORMICK #LEVELAND ., *IM 'ALVIN "UFFALO .,
(ITS !LLOWED
*OHN #OLEMAN 0HILADELPHIA ., !L 3PALDING "OSTON .! "OBBY -ATHEWS .EW 9ORK .! *IM "RITT "ROOKLYN .! "OBBY -ATHEWS .EW 9ORK .,
#OMPLETE 'AMES
7ILL 7HITE #INCINNATI ., #HARLEY 2ADBOURN 0ROVIDENCE ., *IM -C#ORMICK #LEVELAND ., *IM 'ALVIN "UFFALO ., 'UY (ECKER ,OUISVILLE !!
3TRIKEOUTS
-ATT +ILROY "ALTIMORE !! 4OAD 2AMSEY ,OUISVILLE !! (UGH $AILY #0 7ASHINGTON 5! $UPEE 3HAW $ETROIT ., "OSTON 5! #HARLEY 2ADBOURN 0ROVIDENCE .,
7ALKS
!MOS 2USIE .EW 9ORK ., -ARK "ALDWIN #OLUMBUS !! !MOS 2USIE .EW 9ORK ., !MOS 2USIE .EW 9ORK ., -ARK "ALDWIN #HICAGO 0,
,EFTHANDERS RECORD 0HIL +NELL #OLUMBUS !!
7ILD 0ITCHES
-ARK "ALDWIN #OLUMBUS !! "ILL 3TEMMEYER "OSTON ., -IKE -ORRISON #LEVELAND !! %D 3EWARD 0HILADELPHIA !! 'US 7EYHING 0HILADELPHIA !!
(IT "ATSMEN
0HIL +NELL #OLUMBUS !! &RANK &OREMAN 7ASHINGTON !! 'US 7EYHING 0HILADELPHIA !! &RANK &OREMAN "ALTIMORE !! 'US 7EYHING 0HILADELPHIA !!
(OME 2UNS !LLOWED
,ARRY #ORCORAN #HICAGO ., #HARLIE 'ETZEIN )NDIANAPOLIS ., "ILL (UTCHISON #HICAGO ., #HARLIE 'ETZEIN $ETROIT ., *OHN (EALY )NDIANAPOLIS .,
3HUTOUTS
'EORGE "RADLEY 3T ,OUIS ., *IM 'ALVIN "UFFALO ., %D -ORRIS 0ITTSBURGH !! 4OMMY "OND "OSTON ., #HARLEY 2ADBOURN 0ROVIDENCE ., $AVE &OUTZ 3T ,OUIS !!
7INNING 0ERCENTAGE -INIMUM WINS
!L 3PALDING "OSTON .! &RED 'OLDSMITH #HICAGO ., #HARLEY 2ADBOURN 0ROVIDENCE ., !L 3PALDING "OSTON .! -ICKEY 7ELCH .EW 9ORK .,
GOj ^ Y [ dj k h o i _ d] b[ i [ W i e d W dZ Y W h [ [ h b[ W Z[ h i
/PPONENTS /"0
'UY (ECKER ,OUISVILLE !! #HARLIE 3WEENEY 0ROV ., 3T, 5! 4IM +EEFE 4ROY ., (ENRY "OYLE 3T ,OUIS 5! 'EORGE "RADLEY 0ROVIDENCE .,
%2! )NNINGS
4IM +EEFE 4ROY ., $ENNY $RISCOLL 0ITTSBURGH !! 'EORGE "RADLEY 3T ,OUIS ., 'UY (ECKER ,OUISVILLE !! 'EORGE "RADLEY 0ROVIDENCE ., #HARLEY 2ADBOURN 0ROVIDENCE .,
7INS
&RANK +ILLEN 0ITTSBURGH ,! !MOS 2USIE .EW 9ORK ,! #Y 9OUNG #LEVELAND ,! #Y 9OUNG #LEVELAND ,! +ID .ICHOLS "OSTON ,!
,OSSES
2ED $ONAHUE 3T ,OUIS ,! 4ED "REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS ,! *IM (UGHEY #LEVELAND ,! "ILL (ART 3T ,OUIS ,! *ACK 4AYLOR 3T ,OUIS ,!
)NNINGS
!MOS 2USIE .EW 9ORK ,! 4ED "REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS ,! 0INK (AWLEY 0ITTSBURGH ,! !MOS 2USIE .EW 9ORK ,! &RANK +ILLEN 0ITTSBURGH ,!
(ITS !LLOWED
4ED "REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS ,! #Y 9OUNG #LEVELAND ,! +ID .ICHOLS "OSTON ,! "ILL #ARRICK .EW 9ORK ,! 2ED $ONAHUE 3T ,OUIS ,!
#OMPLETE 'AMES
!MOS 2USIE .EW 9ORK ,! 4ED "REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS ,! 4ED "REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS ,! !MOS 2USIE .EW 9ORK ,! #Y 9OUNG #LEVELAND ,! 0INK (AWLEY 0ITTSBURGH ,! &RANK +ILLEN 0ITTSBURGH ,!
3TRIKEOUTS
#Y 3EYMOUR .EW 9ORK ,! !MOS 2USIE .EW 9ORK ,! !MOS 2USIE .EW 9ORK ,! !MOS 2USIE .EW 9ORK ,! $OC -C*AMES "ALTIMORE ,!
7ALKS
!MOS 2USIE .EW 9ORK ,! #Y 3EYMOUR .EW 9ORK ,! !MOS 2USIE .EW 9ORK ,! 4ED "REITENSTEIN 3T ,OUIS ,! 4ONY -ULLANE "ALTIMORE ,!
3HUTOUTS
7ILEY 0IATT 0HILADELPHIA ,! *ACK 0OWELL #LEVELAND ,! $ONE BY SIX PITCHERS
GFGM
GFGN
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7ILD 0ITCHES
4ONY -ULLANE #IN "ALT ,! #HICK &RASER ,OUISVILLE ,! !MOS 2USIE .EW 9ORK ,! $OC -C *AMES 7ASHINGTON ,! #HICK &RASER ,OUISVILLE ,!
(IT "ATSMEN
*OE -C'INNITY "ROOKLYN ., $ANNY &RIEND #HICAGO ,! %D $OHENY .EW 9ORK ,! 0INK (AWLEY 0ITTSBURGH ,! #Y 3EYMOUR .EW 9ORK ,!
(OME 2UNS !LLOWED
*ACK 3TIVETTS "OSTON ,! &RANK $WYER #INCINNATI ,! +ID .ICHOLS "OSTON ,! (ARRY 3TALEY "OSTON ,! +ID #ARSEY 0HILADELPHIA ,!
7INNING 0ERCENT -INIMUM WINS
"ILL (OFFER "ALTIMORE ,! *IM (UGHES "ROOKLYN ,! &RED +LOBEDANZ "OSTON ,! *OUETT -EEKIN .EW 9ORK ,! "ILL (OFFER "ALTIMORE ,!
/PPONENTS /"0
+ID .ICHOLS "OSTON ,! !L -AUL "ALTIMORE ,! #Y 9OUNG 3T ,OUIS ,! #Y 9OUNG #LEVELAND ,! .OODLES (AHN #INCINATTI $EACON 0HILLIPPE 0ITTSBURGH .,
%2! )NN
#LARK 'RIFlTH #HICAGO ,! !L -AUL "ALTIMORE ,! +ID .ICHOLS "OSTON ,! $OC -C*AMES "ALTIMORE ,! 2UBE 7ADDELL 0ITTSBURGH .,
\_[bZ_d] &IRST "ASEMEN &IELDING !VERAGE 4OTAL #HANCES 0UTOUTS !SSISTS &IELDING 2UNS
2OGER #ONNOR *AKE "ECKLEY *AKE "ECKLEY *AKE "ECKLEY *AKE "ECKLEY
&IELDING !VERAGE 4OTAL #HANCES 0UTOUTS !SSISTS &IELDING 2UNS
*ACK #ROOKS "ID -C0HEE "ID -C0HEE ,OU "IERBAUER $ANNY 2ICHARDSON
&IELDING !VERAGE 4OTAL #HANCES 0UTOUTS !SSISTS &IELDING 2UNS
#HIPPY -C'ARR "ILLY 3HINDLE $ENNY ,YONS "ILLY 3HINDLE "ILLY 3HINDLE
.EW 9ORK ., 0ITTSBURGH ,! 0ITTSBURGH ,! 0ITTSBURGH ,! 0ITTSBURGH ,!
3ECOND "ASEMEN #OLUMBUS !! #INCINNATI !! #INCINNATI !! 0ITTSBURGH ,! .EW 9ORK .,
4HIRD "ASEMEN "OSTON ., "ALTIMORE ,! 0HILADELPHIA !! "ALTIMORE ,! "ALTIMORE !!
GOj ^ Y [ dj k h o i _ d] b[ i [ W i e d W dZ Y W h [ [ h b[ W Z[ h i
3HORTSTOPS &IELDING !VERAGE 4OTAL #HANCES 0UTOUTS !SSISTS &IELDING 2UNS
'EORGE 7RIGHT (UGHIE *ENNINGS (ERMAN ,ONG 'ERMANY 3MITH 'ERMANY 3MITH
&IELDING !VERAGE 4OTAL #HANCES 0UTOUTS !SSISTS &IELDING 2UNS
-IKE 'RIFlN 4OM "ROWN *IMMY -C!LEER /RATOR 3HAFFER *IM &OGARTY
&IELDING !VERAGE 4OTAL #HANCES 0UTOUTS !SSISTS &IELDING 2UNS
#HARLIE "ENNETT $OC "USHONG $OC "USHONG #HIEF :IMMER "ILL (OLBERT
&IELDING !VERAGE 4OTAL #HANCES 0UTOUTS !SSISTS &IELDING 2UNS
*IM -C#ORMICK 7ILL 7HITE $AVE &OUTZ 7ILL 7HITE 7ILL 7HITE
&IELDING !VERAGE 4OTAL #HANCES 0UTOUTS !SSISTS &IELDING 2UNS
0AT 4EBEAU 4OMMY 4UCKER 4OMMY 4UCKER 0ERRY 7ERDEN 0ERRY 7ERDEN
&IELDING !VERAGE 4OTAL #HANCES 0UTOUTS !SSISTS &IELDING 2UNS
"ID -C0HEE +ID 'LEASON .AP ,AJOIE #UPID #HILDS #UPID #HILDS
&IELDING !VERAGE 4OTAL #HANCES 0UTOUTS !SSISTS &IELDING 2UNS
,AVE #ROSS *IMMY 7ILLIAMS *IMMY 7ILLIAMS *IMMY #OLLINS *IMMY #OLLINS ,AVE #ROSS
&IELDING !VERAGE 4OTAL #HANCES 0UTOUTS !SSISTS &IELDING 2UNS
'EORGE $AVIS -ONTE #ROSS (UGHIE *ENNINGS 4OMMY #ORCORAN 'EORGE $AVIS
"OSTON ., ,OUISVILLE ,! "OSTON ., #INCINNATI ,! "ROOKLYN !!
"ROOKLYN ,! ,OUISVILLE ,! #LEVELAND ,! #HICAGO ., 0HILADELPHIA .,
$ETROIT ., 3T ,OUIS !! 3T ,OUIS !! #LEVELAND ,! .EW 9ORK !!
#LEVELAND ., #INCINNATI !! 3T ,OUIS !! #INCINNATI !! #INCINNATI !!
/UTlELDERS
#ATCHERS
0ITCHERS
&IRST "ASEMEN #LEVELAND ,! "ROOK 3T, ,! "ROOK 3T, ,! ,OUISVILLE ,! ,OUISVILLE ,!
3ECOND "ASEMEN #INCINNATI ,! .EW 9ORK ,! 0HILADELPHIA ,! #LEVELAND ,! #LEVELAND ,!
4HIRD "ASEMEN #LE 3T, ,! 0ITTSBURGH ,! 0ITTSBURGH ,! "OSTON ., "OSTON ., #LEVE 3T, ,!
.EW 9ORK ,! 0HILADELPHIA ,! "ALTIMORE ,! #INCINNATI ,! .EW 9ORK ,!
3HORTSTOPS
GFGO
GF H F
GO j ^ Y [ d jk h o i_d ]b [ i[ Wie d W dZ Y W h [ [ h b[ W Z[ h i
/UTlELDERS &IELDING !VERAGE 4OTAL #HANCES 0UTOUTS !SSISTS &IELDING 2UNS
3TEVE "RODIE *IMMY 3LAGLE *IMMY 3LAGLE *IMMY "ANNON *ESSE "URKETT
&IELDING !VERAGE 4OTAL #HANCES 0UTOUTS !SSISTS &IELDING 2UNS
(EINIE 0EITZ *OHN 7ARNER *OHN 7ARNER $EACON -C'UIRE *OHN 7ARNER
&IELDING !VERAGE 4OTAL #HANCES 0UTOUTS !SSISTS &IELDING 2UNS
+ID .ICHOLS *ACK 4AYLOR 4ED "REITENSTEIN #Y 9OUNG %D 3COTT
0ITTSBURGH ,! 7ASHINGTON ,! 7ASHINGTON ,! "OSTON ,! #LEVELAND ,!
#INCINNATI ,! .EW 9ORK ,! .EW 9ORK ,! 7ASHINGTON ,! .EW 9ORK ,!
"OSTON ,! 3T ,OUIS ,! 3T ,OUIS ,! #LEVELAND ,! #INCINNATI .,
#ATCHERS
0ITCHERS
d_d[j[[dj^ Y[djkh o Y Wh [[h b [W Z [h i "!44).'
4OP 7ILLIE +EELER 2OSS "ARNES *ESSE "URKETT "ILLY (AMILTON #AL -C6EY .AP ,AJOIE %D $ELAHANTY $AN "ROUTHERS $AVE /RR 0ETE "ROWNING *AKE 3TENZEL *OE +ELLEY *OHN -C'RAW #AP !NSON 3AM 4HOMPSON "ILL ,ANGE &RED #LARKE #HICK 3TAHL 4IP /.EILL (UGH $UFFY
"ATTING !VERAGES
4OP .AP ,AJOIE $AN "ROUTHERS 3AM 4HOMPSON $AVE /RR %D $ELAHANTY *OE +ELLEY 2OGER #ONNOR *AKE 3TENZEL 7ILLIE +EELER *ESSE "URKETT 2OSS "ARNES 0ETE "ROWNING "ILL *OYCE -IKE 4IERNAN (ARRY 3TOVEY "ILL ,ANGE 4IP /.EILL "UCK %WING #HICK 3TAHL *AKE "ECKLEY
3LUGGING !VERAGES
"ASES ON "ALLS "ILLY (AMILTON 2OGER #ONNOR #AP !NSON "ID -C0HEE #UPID #HILDS $UMMY (OY $AN "ROUTHERS -IKE 'RIFlN "ILLY .ASH 0AUL 2ADFORD 'EORGE 6AN (ALTREN 4OM "ROWN -IKE 4IERNAN *IMMY 2YAN
4OTAL "ASES #AP !NSON 2OGER #ONNOR *IM /2OURKE $AN "ROUTHERS *IMMY 2YAN %D $ELAHANTY "ID -C0HEE 3AM 4HOMPSON 'EORGE 6AN (ALTREN (UGH $UFFY *AKE "ECKLEY 0AUL (INES %D -C+EAN (ARRY 3TOVEY
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(OME 2UNS 2OGER #ONNOR 3AM 4HOMPSON (ARRY 3TOVEY $AN "ROUTHERS -IKE 4IERNAN *IMMY 2YAN (UGH $UFFY #AP !NSON &RED 0FEFFER (ERMAN ,ONG %D $ELAHANTY *ACK #LEMENTS *AKE "ECKLEY *ERRY $ENNY
2UNS #AP !NSON "ID -C0HEE *IM /2OURKE 2OGER #ONNOR "ILLY (AMILTON $AN "ROUTHERS 4OM "ROWN *IMMY 2YAN 'EORGE 6AN (ALTREN (UGH $UFFY (ARRY 3TOVEY !RLIE ,ATHAM *OHN 7ARD -IKE 'RIFlN
(ITS #AP !NSON *IM /2OURKE 2OGER #ONNOR $AN "ROUTHERS 'EORGE 6AN (ALTREN "ID -C0HEE *IMMY 2YAN %D $ELAHANTY (UGH $UFFY 0AUL (INES *OHN 7ARD %D -C+EAN $EACON 7HITE "ILLY (AMILTON *ACK 'LASSCOCK *ESSE "URKETT
4RIPLES 2OGER #ONNOR $AN "ROUTHERS "ID -C0HEE *AKE "ECKLEY "UCK %WING (ARRY 3TOVEY -IKE 4IERNAN 3AM 4HOMPSON %D -C+EAN %D $ELAHANTY 'EORGE 6AN (ALTREN *IM /2OURKE *IMMY 2YAN #AP !NSON *OHN 2EILLY 4OM "ROWN *OE +ELLEY %LMER 3MITH
$OUBLES #AP !NSON *IM /2OURKE $AN "ROUTHERS 2OGER #ONNOR %D $ELAHANTY 0AUL (INES *IMMY 2YAN -IKE +ELLY (ARRY 3TOVEY 3AM 4HOMPSON *AKE "ECKLEY *ACK 'LASSCOCK -IKE 'RIFlN (UGH $UFFY "ID -C0HEE (ARDY 2ICHARDSON (ERMAN ,ONG
(IT "Y 0ITCHES 4OMMY 4UCKER (UGHIE *ENNINGS #URT 7ELCH *AKE "ECKLEY 3TEVE "RODIE $UMMY (OY *OHN -C'RAW "ILL *OYCE $AN -C'ANN $AN "ROUTHERS 4ED ,ARKIN
-INIMUM AT BATS FOR BATTING AND SLUGGING AVERAGE LEADERS #AREER 2") STOLEN BASE AND STRIKEOUT LEADERS ARE NOT INCLUDED BECAUSE TOO MUCH DATA IS UNAVAILABLE
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0)4#().' 4OP 7INS *IM 'ALVIN 4IM +EEFE *OHN #LARKSON #HARLEY 2ADBOURN +ID .ICHOLS -ICKEY 7ELCH "OBBY -ATHEWS #Y 9OUNG 4ONY -ULLANE *IM -C#ORMICK 'US 7EYHING !L 3PALDING !MOS 2USIE 4OMMY "OND #HARLIE "UFlNTON 7ILL 7HITE "OB #ARUTHERS 3ILVER +ING *ACK 3TIVETTS "ILL 4ERRY
4OP ,OSSES *IM 'ALVIN "OBBY -ATHEWS 'US 7EYHING 4IM +EEFE 4ONY -ULLANE *IM -C#ORMICK -ICKEY 7ELCH *IM 7HITNEY "ILL 4ERRY #HARLEY 2ADBOURN *OHN #LARKSON !MOS 2USIE #Y 9OUNG 4ED "REITENSTEIN +ID .ICHOLS 2ED %HRET "ERT #UNNINGHAM 7ILL 7HITE 0INK (AWLEY -ARK "ALDWIN
)NNINGS *IM 'ALVIN 4IM +EEFE "OBBY -ATHEWS -ICKEY 7ELCH *OHN #LARKSON 4ONY -ULLANE #HARLEY 2ADBOURN 'US 7EYHING *IM -C#ORMICK +ID .ICHOLS #Y 9OUNG
#OMPLETE 'AMES *IM 'ALVIN 4IM +EEFE -ICKEY 7ELCH "OBBY -ATHEWS #HARLEY 2ADBOURN *OHN #LARKSON 4ONY -ULLANE *IM -C#ORMICK 'US 7EYHING +ID .ICHOLS #Y 9OUNG
3TRIKEOUTS 4IM +EEFE *OHN #LARKSON !MOS 2USIE -ICKEY 7ELCH #HARLEY 2ADBOURN *IM 'ALVIN 4ONY -ULLANE *IM -C#ORMICK #HARLIE "UFlNTON 'US 7EYHING *IM 7HITNEY "ILL 4ERRY +ID .ICHOLS "OBBY -ATHEWS 4OAD 2AMSEY
7INNING 0CT DECISIONS !L 3PALDING $AVE &OUTZ "OB #ARUTHERS ,ARRY #ORCORAN $ICK -C"RIDE +ID .ICHOLS *OHN #LARKSON .IG #UPPY #Y 9OUNG &RED 'OLDSMITH #HARLEY 2ADBOURN *OHN 7ARD #LARK 'RIFlTH #HARLIE &ERGUSON #ANDY #UMMINGS *ACK 3TIVETTS #HARLIE "UFlNTON 4IM +EEFE
%2! "ELOW )NNINGS *IM $EVLIN *OHN 7ARD !L 3PALDING 7ILL 7HITE 4OMMY "OND ,ARRY #ORCORAN
/N "ASE 0ERCENTAGE "ELOW *OHN 7ARD *IM $EVLIN 'EORGE "RADLEY 4ERRY ,ARKIN 4OMMY "OND ,ARRY #ORCORAN
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%2! "ELOW )NNINGS 4ERRY ,ARKIN *IM -C#ORMICK 'EORGE "RADLEY #ANDY #UMMINGS 4IM +EEFE #HARLIE &ERGUSON #HARLEY 2ADBOURN -ICKEY 7ELCH &RED 'OLDSMITH (IT "ATSMEN 'US 7EYHING 0INK (AWLEY 4ONY -ULLANE "ILL 4ERRY "ERT #UNNINGHAM 3ILVER +ING #LARK 'RIFlTH 0HIL +NELL &RANK &OREMAN *ACK 4AYLOR
/N "ASE 0ERCENTAGE "ELOW 7ILL 7HITE !L 3PALDING #HARLIE &ERGUSON %D -ORRIS #ANDY #UMMINGS *IM -C#ORMICK &RED 'OLDSMITH *IM 7HITNEY $ICK -C"RIDE (OME 2UNS !LLOWED *OHN #LARKSON +ID .ICHOLS *ACK 3TIVETTS *IM 'ALVIN 'US 7EYHING #HARLEY 2ADBOURN &RANK $WYER -ICKEY 7ELCH "ILL (UTCHISON
\_[bZ_d] 'AMES " #AP !NSON 2OGER #ONNOR 4OMMY 4UCKER $AN "ROUTHERS *AKE "ECKLEY #HARLIE #OMISKEY *OHN 2EILLY *OE 3TART "ILL 0HILLIPS
4OP &IELDING !VERAGE
0AT 4EBEAU #ANDY ,A#HANCE &RED 4ENNEY
" "ID -C0HEE &RED 0FEFFER #UPID #HILDS ,OU "IERBAUER *OE 1UINN #UB 3TRICKER *ACK "URDOCK "ILL (ALLMAN
(EINIE 2EITZ "OBBY ,OWE *ACK #ROOKS
" !RLIE ,ATHAM "ILLY .ASH "ILLY 3HINDLE *ERRY $ENNY $ENNY ,YONS 'EORGE 0INKNEY (ICK #ARPENTER
,AVE #ROSS *IMMY #OLLINS #HARLIE )RWIN
33 'ERMANY 3MITH *ACK 'LASSCOCK %D -C+EAN (ERMAN ,ONG 4OMMY #ORCORAN "ONES %LY
'EORGE $AVIS "ONES %LY (UGHIE *ENNINGS
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'AMES /& 4OM "ROWN *IMMY 2YAN 'EORGE 6AN (ALTREN $UMMY (OY (UGH $UFFY "ILLY (AMILTON -IKE 'RIFlN -IKE 4IERNAN *IM /2OURKE 3AM 4HOMPSON 0AUL (INES *ESSE "URKETT 0ATSY $ONOVAN 'EORGE 'ORE .ED (ANLON 'EORGE 7OOD 3TEVE "RODIE 4OMMY -C#ARTHY #URT 7ELCH %LMER 3MITH *OE +ELLEY *OE (ORNUNG 0OP #ORKHILL *IMMY 7OLF 4IP /.EILL *IMMY -C!LEER # $EACON -C'UIRE 7ILBERT 2OBINSON #HIEF :IMMER *ACK #LEMENTS 0 'AMES *IM 'ALVIN 4IM +EEFE -ICKEY 7ELCH 4ONY -ULLANE 'US 7EYHING *OHN #LARKSON #HARLEY 2ADBOURN +ID .ICHOLS #Y 9OUNG
4OP &IELDING !VERAGE
3TEVE "RODIE #HICK 3TAHL 7ILLIE +EELER -IKE 'RIFlN *OE +ELLEY %D $ELAHANTY 3AM 4HOMPSON (ARRY "LAKE (UGH $UFFY &IELDER *ONES
4OP
(EINIE 0EITZ *ACK /#ONNOR #HIEF :IMMER
+ID .ICHOLS .IG #UPPY $UKE %SPER
-INIMUM OF GAMES AT POSITION AND GAMES AS A PITCHER TO QUALIFY AS A CAREER lELDING AVERAGE LEADER
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4RANSCENDENTAL 'RAPHICS -ARK 2UCKER "OBBY -ATHEWS *OE 'ERHARDT "ROOKLYN !TLANTICS /RATOR 3HAFFER 0AT 'ILLESPIE #HICAGO !RTHUR )RWIN 3YRACUSE 5TICA 'IANTS WITH *IM /2OURKE *OHN 7ARD 7ILL 7HITE *OHN -ANSELL -ORRILL AND "URDOCK 3T ,OUIS TEAM "ILL 3WEENEY -IKE +ELLY 3T ,OUIS TEAM "OB #ARUTHERS +ID -ADDEN $AN "ROUTHERS 1UINN AND ,ONG 4ED "REITENSTEIN (UGH $UFFY ,AVE #ROSS 0HILLIES TEAM "ILLY .ASH #UPID #HILDS 3PIDERS TEAM *OHN -C'RAW 4OMMY 4UCKER .EW 9ORK 'IANTS TEAM 0HILIP 6ON "ORRIES ,OUISVILLE (ARRY (IGHAM 3T ,OUIS *OSEPH 3ANTRY #OLUMBUS TEAM 4OLEDO TEAM
#LEVELAND 0UBLIC ,IBRARY !THLETICS 4OM (ILL 4ONY -ULLANE &RANK &ENNELLY 'EORGE 4EBEAU (ICK #ARPENTER 3AGE AND 6AN $YKE *AKE 6IRTUE .ATIONAL "ASEBALL (ALL OF &AME ,IBRARY TH !RMORY &RED $UNLAP "UFFALO TEAM #LEVELAND 0ITTSBURGH 4OPEKA 7ASHINGTON ,AJOIE +ID .ICHOLS 0OUGHKEEPSIE #ARNEGIE ,IBRARY 0ITTSBURGH 0ITTSBURGH 0ITTSBURGH $AVID .EMEC :ETTLEIN !THLETICS /PIE #AYLOR ,IBRARY OF #ONGRESS *IM 4YNG $AD #LARKE
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!DELMAN -ELVIN ! 3PORTING 4IME #HICAGO 5NIVERSITY OF )LLINOIS 0RESS !LEXANDER #HARLES *OHN -C'RAW .EW 9ORK 6IKING /UR 'AME .EW 9ORK (ENRY (OLT AND #OMPANY !LLEN ,EE 4HE #INCINNATI 2EDS .EW 9ORK ' 0 0UTNAMS 3ONS 4HE (OT 3TOVE ,EAGUE .EW 9ORK ! 3 "ARNES AND #OMPANY 4HE 7ORLD 3ERIES 4HE 3TORY OF "ASEBALLS !NNUAL #HAMPIONSHIP .EW 9ORK ' 0 0UTNAMS 3ONS !NSON !DRIAN # ! "ALL 0LAYERS #AREER #HICAGO %RA 0UBLISHING #OMPANY !PPEL -ARTIN AND "URT 'OLDBLATT "ASEBALLS "EST .EW 9ORK -C'RAW (ILL !XELSON ' 7 h#/--9v 4HE ,IFE 3TORY OF #HARLES ! #OMISKEY #HICAGO 2EILLY ,EE "ENSON -ICHAEL "ALLPARKS OF .ORTH !MERICA *EFFERSON .# -C&ARLAND #OMPANY )NC "OWMAN ,ARRY ' "EFORE THE 7ORLD 3ERIES .ORTHERN )LLINOIS 5NIVERSITY 0RESS "READY *AMES 4HE (OME 4EAM "ALTIMORE PRIVATELY PUBLISHED "ROWN 7ARREN 4HE #HICAGO #UBS .EW 9ORK 0UTNAMS #AILLAULT *EAN 0IERRE ! 4ALE OF &OUR #ITIES *EFFERSON .# -C&ARLAND #OMPANY )NC #OOMBS 3AMM AND "OB 7EST EDS "ASEBALL !MERICAS .ATIONAL 'AME BY !LBERT ' 3PALDING 3AN &RANCISCO (ALO "OOKS $EWEY $ONALD AND .ICHOLAS !COCELLA %NCYCLOPEDIA OF -AJOR ,EAGUE "ASEBALL 4EAMS .EW 9ORK (ARPER#OLLINS 'OLDSTEIN 7ARREN 0LAYING FOR +EEPS ! (ISTORY OF %ARLY "ASEBALL )THACA #ORNELL 5NIVERSITY 0RESS 'RAHAM &RANK 4HE "ROOKLYN $ODGERS .EW 9ORK 0UTNAMS 4HE .EW 9ORK 'IANTS .EW 9ORK 0UTNAMS (ETRICK * 4HOMAS #HRIS 6ON DER !HE AND THE 3T ,OUIS "ROWNS ,ANHAM -$ 3CARECROW 0RESS )NC *AMES "ILL 4HE "ILL *AMES (ISTORICAL "ASEBALL !BSTRACT .EW 9ORK 6ILLARD "OOKS +AESE (AROLD 4HE "OSTON "RAVES .EW 9ORK 0UTNAMS +IRSCH 'EORGE 4HE #REATION OF !MERICAN 4EAM 3PORTS "ASEBALL AND #RICKET n 5RBANA 5NIVERSITY OF )LLINOIS 0RESS ,ANIGAN %RNEST * ED 4HE "ASEBALL #YCLOPEDIA .EW 9ORK "ASEBALL -AGAZINE #OMPANY ,ANSCHE *ERRY 'LORY &ADES !WAY $ALLAS 4AYLOR 0UBLISHING #OMPANY ,EVINE 0ETER ! ' 3PALDING AND THE 2ISE OF "ASEBALL 4HE 0ROMISE OF AN !MERICAN 3PORT .EW 9ORK /XFORD 5NIVERSITY 0RESS ,EWIS &RANKLIN 4HE #LEVELAND )NDIANS .EW 9ORK 0UTNAMS ,IEB &REDERICK ' 4HE "ASEBALL 3TORY .EW 9ORK 0UTNAMS 4HE 3T ,OUIS #ARDINALS 4HE 3TORY OF A 'REAT "ASEBALL #LUB .EW 9ORK 0UTNAMS ,OWRY 0HILLIP * 'REEN #ATHEDRALS #OOPERSTOWN .EW 9ORK 3OCIETY FOR !MERICAN "ASEBALL 2ESEARCH -ACK #ONNIE -Y 9EARS IN "ASEBALL 0HILADELPHIA 7INSTON -ORRIS 0ETER "ASEBALL &EVER !NN !RBOR 5NIVERSITY OF -ICHIGAN 0RESS .EFT $AVID 3 AND 2ICHARD - #OHEN 4HE 3PORTS %NCYCLOPEDIA "ASEBALL .EW 9ORK 3T -ARTINS-AREK .EMEC $AVID 'REAT "ASEBALL &EATS &ACTS &IRSTS .EW 9ORK .EW !MERICAN ,IBRARY 4HE 'REAT !MERICAN "ASEBALL 4EAM "OOK .EW 9ORK .EW !MERICAN ,IBRARY 4HE 2ULES OF "ASEBALL .EW 9ORK ,YONS "URFORD 4HE "EER AND 7HISKY ,EAGUE .EW 9ORK ,YONS "URFORD 4HE 5LTIMATE "ASEBALL "OOK ED $ANIEL /KRENT AND (ARRIS ,EWINE "OSTON (OUGHTON -IFmIN 4HE "ASEBALL 2OOKIES %NCYCLOPEDIA WITH $AVE :EMAN $ULLES 6! "RASSEYS )NC 0ALMER (ARRY 3TORIES OF THE "ASE "ALL &IELD #HICAGO 2AND -C.ALLY #OMPANY 0ALMER 0ETE AND 'ARY 'ILLETTE EDS 4HE "ASEBALL %NCYCLOPEDIA .EW 9ORK "ARNES .OBLE 0OVICH 3HIRLEY 4HE 7ASHINGTON 3ENATORS .EW 9ORK 0UTNAMS GF H M
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!BADIE *OHN !BBATICCHIO %D !BBEY "ERT !BBEY #HARLIE !BBOTT ,AN !BELL &ERD n !BERCROMBIE &RANK !DAMS 'EORGE !DAMS *IM !DDY "OB n !HEARN "ILL !KE *OHN !LBERTS 'US !LEXANDER .IN !LEXANDER 0ETE !LLEN "OB n !LLEN (AM !LLEN *ACK !LLEN +I !LLEN ,EE !LLEN -YRON !LLEN 0ETE !LLISON !NDY !LLISON !RT !LLISON "ILL !LLISON $OUG !LTROCK .ICK !LVORD "ILLY !MOLE $OC !NDERSON "ILL !NDERSON $AVE !NDERSON *OHN !NDERSON 6ARNEY !NDREWS %D !NDREWS *IM !NDREWS 7ALLY !NDRUS &RED !NDRUS 7YMAN !NNIS "ILL !NSON #AP
n n n n !PPOLONIO .ICK !RDNER *OE !RMSTRONG 3AM !RNOLD "ILLY !RUNDEL (ARRY !RUNDEL 4UG !THERTON #HARLIE !TKINSON !L !TKINSON %D !TKINSON (ENRY !USTIN (ENRY !VERY # (AMILTON !YDELOTT *AKE "AHRET &RANK "AILEY (ARVEY "AILEY +ING "AKELY *ERSEY "AKER #HARLIE "AKER 'EORGE "AKER +IRTLEY "AKER .ORM "AKER 0HIL "ALDWIN +ID "ALDWIN ,ADY "ALDWIN -ARK n "ALL !RT "ANCKER 3TUD "ANCROFT &RANK "ANNING *IM "ANNON *IMMY "ANNON 4OM "ARBER #HARLIE "ARKER !L "ARKLEY 3AM "ARLOW 4OM "ARNES "ILL "ARNES 2OSS n n n
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&RANK &RED &RANKLIN UNKNOWN &RASER #HICK &RAZER 'EORGE &REEDMAN !NDREW &REEMAN "UCK n &REEMAN *ULIE &RENCH "ILL &REUND &RANK &RIEL 0AT &RIEND $ANNY &RIES 0ETE &RISBEE #HARLIE &RISCH &RANKIE &RISK %MIL &ULLER %D &ULLER (ARRY &ULLER 3HORTY &ULMER #HICK &ULMER #HRIS &ULMER 7ASH &ULTZ $AVE &URLONG 7ILLIAM &USSELBACH %DDIE 'AFFNEY *OHN n n 'AGE $AVID 'ALLAGHER "ILL 'ALLAGHER *IM 'ALLAGHER 7ILLIAM 'ALLIGAN *OHN 'ALVIN *IM n n 'ALVIN *OHN 'ALVIN ,OU 'AMBLE "OB 'ANDIL #HICK 'ANNON 'USSIE 'ANNON *OE 'ANZEL #HARLIE 'ANZEL *OHN 'ARDNER !LEX 'ARDNER "ILL 'ARDNER 'ID 'ARDNER *IM 'ARlELD 7ILL 'ARONI 7ILLIE 'ARRY *IM 'ARVIN .ED
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n 'LEASON "ILL 7ILLIAM 'LEASON +ID 'LENALVIN "OB 'LENN %D %DWARD # 'LENN %D %DWARD $ 'LENN *OHN 'OAR *OT 'ODAR *OHN 'OECKEL "ILLY 'OETZ 'EORGE 'OFF *ERRY 'OLDEN -IKE 'OLDSBY 7ALT 'OLDSMITH &RED n n n 'OLDSMITH 7ALLY 'OODALL (ERB 'OODENOUGH "ILL 'OODFELLOW -IKE 'OODMAN *AKE 'ORE 'EORGE 'ORMAN *ACK 'ORMAN 4OM 'ORMLEY *OE 'OULD #HARLIE 'RADY *OHN 'RADY -IKE 'RAFF *OHN 'RAFF ,OUIS 'RAFFEN -ASE 'RAHAM "ARNEY 'RAHAM "ERNIE 'RANTHAM 'EORGE 'RAULICH ,OU 'RAVES &RANK 'RAY "ILL 'RAY #HARLIE 'RAY #HUMMY 'RAY 2EDDY 'REASON *OHN 'REEN $ANNY 'REEN %D 'REEN *IM 'REENIG *OHN 'REENWOOD "ILL n 'REER %D 'REMMINGER %D
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*ONES "UMPUS *ONES #HARLEY n *ONES #HARLIE *ONES &IELDER *ONES &RANK *ONES (ENRY -ONROE *ONES (ENRY *ONES *ACK $ANIEL n *ONES *ACK 2YERSON *ONES *IM *ONES ,EVIN *ONES -ICKEY *ORDAN #HARLIE *ORDAN (ARRY *ORDAN -IKE *ORDAN 7ILLIAM *OY 0OP *OYCE "ILL n n *OYCE 'EORGE *ULIAN *OSEPH +AHOE -IKE +ALBFUS #HARLIE +ANE "ILLY +APPEL (EINIE +APPEL *OE +ATOLL *ACK +AVANAUGH UNKNOWN +EARNS 4OM +EAS %D +EATING "OB +EEFE 'EORGE +EEFE *OHN +EEFE 4IM n n n n +EELER 7ILLIE +EENAN *IM +EENAN +ID +EENER (ARRY +EERL 'EORGE +EFFER &RANK +EISTER "ILL +ELB 'EORGE +ELLEY *OE n n n +ELLEY -IKE +ELLOGG .AT
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