The Eco-Design Handbook

a e mplete sourcebook for the home and office

Thames & Hudson

alastair fuad-Iuke

)

(p reface

This book is intended to stimulate new ways of thinking by illustrating an eco-pluralistic approach to design that encourages peop le to tread more lightly, so that future generations may inherit a healthy planet. This ecopluralism is reflected in the diverse so lutions realized by designe rs and manu facturers represen ted in this book from over thirty cou ntries worldwide. Certain solutions reveal an awareness of the adapt ive strategies of nature and the cyclicactivity of the bios phere (the living parts of the earth) . Still others acknowledge the value of materials and products that originate in the technosphere (the parts of the earth that have been synthesized by hum an techno logical expertise) . Ot her solutions com bine the best of the biosphere and of the technosphere in products and mater ials that can be easily disassembled and returned to their rightful ' 'sphere' at the end of their lives. Green design s are as diverse as the people who create them , partly because of human individuality and partly because of such factors as geographical location, habitat , culture , socio-politicoeconomic system , availabilityof natural resources including water and other regional or local peculiarities. An eco-pluralistic approach to design, which offers How to

use this book

Each product or material is accompanied by a caption and a line box with allor some of the following icons :

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The name and nationality of the designer/designer-maker (see pages 304 to 311), or manufacturer and country

myriad solut ions, therefore seems more fitting than the dictatorial 'one-model-fits-all' philosoph y of so many design movements from the twent ieth century. Eco-pluralism is evolution and revolution. Eco-pluralist designs range from those that em brace minor modifications of existing products (such as the use of recycled rather than virgin materials), throug h radical new concepts to the com plete de materialization of existing produ cts (making products vanish into services). The selectio n of products and materials for this book is entire ly persona l, arguably idiosyncrat ic and representing a mere fraction of reality as viewed at a particular time. But a universal th read unifies all the chose n products and materials . Each is an attempt to improve on the status quo, in small or large increments, by reducing the inherent impact of product s and mate rials on our planet and to improve ou r socia l wellbeing. In this book the future is already shown . Unfortunately this future is unequally distributed. It is hoped that this book will help to distribute this better , 'greener' future more equably.

ifthe products/materials are designed in-house (see pages 312 to 327).

examples of materials with reduced environmental impacts, i.e., ecomaterials).

0- The name and

,} The main eco-design strategies applied to the design of the product (see pages 328 to 331).

country of the manufacturer (see pages 312 to 327) or designer-maker (see pages 304 to 311 ).

11 The main materials and/or components (see pages 278 to 301 for

Q.

Important design awards recognizing eco-design (see pages 333 to 334).

The page numbers in the line boxes permit rapid cross -referencing and enable the reader quickly to find designers/designer. makers, manufacturers, materials and eco-design strategies.

(Co nte nts

)

Introduct ion: Design for a Sustainable Future

1.0

Objects for Livi ng 1.1

8

16

Furniture

19

Seating

19

Tables

54

Shelving and Storage

60

Multifunctional

70

Miscellaneous

80

8 86 92

1° 7

1.3

Portable

110

Bulbs and Accessories

112

A p- p-;,.,Ii;,.,a;,., n;,., c e.;.;s~

........ 11 4;r,

Food Preparation

114

Cleaning

117

Coolin

121

12 4

..~ -"1 "

-,

154

~f _

1 57

"

16 0

1.]

Other Domestic Products

169

Decorative Objects

169

Waste Disposa l

173

Kitchen Utensils

175

Miscellaneous

178

2 .0 Objects for Working Lights

195

Furniture

196

Consum ables

2°5

Electronics

2°7

Air Water

Pu blic S E;.;a:.;;;ce;;;.;s;;....

.=::.,~

~ rn ~ re

2~

Energy Generat ion

251

Water Conservation

- 262

Batteries and Accessories

268

Miscellaneous

270

Technos p'~h~e~re~ Hard Intermediate/ soft Finishes Textiles

-= 292 292 296 298 300

4 .0 Resources

302

Designers, Designer-makers Manufactu rers and Supp liers Eco-Design Strategies Green O rganizat ions Glossary Further Read ing Index

304 312 327 331 339 342 344

---) Introduction

(Design for a Sustainable Future )

Nearly forty years ago Rachel Carson , in her seminal book Silent Spring, documented the devastating effects of pesticide use on mammal s and birds in the USA. Today traces of organo-phos phorus pest icides are found in organism s throughout the globe, including in hum an beings. At the 1967 UNESCO Intergovernmental Conference for Rational Use and Conservation of the Bi osphe re, the concept of ecologicallysustainable developm ent was first mooted. Paul Ehrlich's 1968 book, The Population Bomb , linked human population growth, resource degradation and the environment and pondered the carrying capacity of the planet. By 1973 the Club of Rome , in its controversial report, Limits to Growth, was predicting dire consequences for the world if economic growth was not slowed down. This report accuratelypredicted that the world population would reach six billion by the year 2000, although its more frighten ing predictions of the exhaust ion of resou rces such as fossil fuels were less accurate. Such warnings were, by and large, ignored, with the result that during the last thirty years peop le have continued to poison the planet with pesticides and othe r toxic chemicals, which has led to the destru ction of ecosystems and the extinction of many species. More recently people have realized that they too are now threatened by huma n actions . Unfettered use of the internal combust ion engine and the burning of fossil fuels to generate electrical power have catalyzed action on climate change . Significant minorities in different places around the globe face t he real risk that the land on which they depend will be inundated by rising sea-levels. In 1950 the world car fleet numbered fifty million vehicles and global fossil fuel use was 1,715 millions of tonnes of oil equivalent. Today the re are over five hundred million vehicles and cons umpt ion of fossil fuels exceeds 8,000 million tonnes of oil equivalent. For allthe individual freedom it confers, the car is making a huge collective negative impact on the environme nt, specifically the balance of gases , particulate matter and carcinoge ns in the atmos phere. For every one of the millions of products we use to 'improve' the qualityof our lives there are associated

a

environmental impacts. While some products have s mall environme ntal impact, others cons ume finite resour ces in vast quantities. The ultimate design challenge of the twenty-first century is to avoid or minimize the adverse impacts of all products on the environment. Li ke all challenges, this constitutes both a dem and and an opportunity - to stee r the debate on more sustainable pattern s of production and cons umption. Designers need to be an integral part of the debate rather than remain on the fringe or be subject to the whim of the political and commercial forces of the day. A briefhistory of green design ' Green design has a long pedigree and before the Industrial Revolution it was the norm for many cultures. Goods such as furniture and utility items tended to be made locally by craftsmen s uch as blacksmith s, wheelwrights and woodland workers, from readily available local resources. Innovation in farming machinery in Europe, particularly Britain, destabilized the natural employment structure of rural areas and in the first half of the ninetee nth century almost half of the rural population in Britain migrated to towns to work in factories. Throughout the twentieth century this pattern was repeated around the world as countries indu strialized and created new urban centres. The founders of the British Arts and Crafts movement (1850-19 14) were quick to note the environmenta l degradation associa ted with the new industries. Their concerns about the poor quality of many mass-manufactu red goods and the associa ted environmenta l damage prompt ed them to examine new metho ds combining inherently lower impact with increased production. For various social and technica l reasons , onlya sma ll sectio n of society reaped the benefits of the Arts and Crafts movement but the seeds were sown for developm ent of the earlymodernist movements in

Plaky tabledesigned byChristopher Connell (see p.56)

- - - -) Introduction

Europe, nota bly in Ge rma ny (th e Deut sche We rkbun d and late r t he Bau hau s) , Austr ia (the Seces s ion a nd t he Wiene r We rkstatte) and t he Neth erlan ds (De Stijl). The mod ern ist s ins iste d th at th e fo rm of an o bject had to su it its funct ion an d th at sta nda rdized s im ple form s faci lita ted th e massprod uction of goo d-q ual ity, du rable goo ds at an afforda ble price, thu s contributi ng to so cia l reform . Econ omy of m at erial a nd energy use we nt ha nd in hand wit h funct io nalis m an d modern ism. Marcel Breu er , an em inen t st ude nt at th e Bauha us between 1920 a nd 1924 , applied new lightwe igh t st ee l t ubin g to furn iture desig n, arr iving at his ce lebr ated Wassi ly a rmc ha ir a nd B-32 ca ntilever chai r. Breu er's 1927 es say , ' Metal Furnit ure', co nveys his en t hus ias m fo r the m at erials a nd reveals his green credentials. He saw th e o ppo rtun ity to rationa lize an d stand ardize co m po ne nts , allowing th e pro d uct ion of 'flat-pack' chairs th at co uld be reassem bled (a nd so sav e on tr an sp ort e ne rgy) a nd were du rab le a nd inexpen s ive . (a nd so help im prove th e lives of th e m asses) . The ea rly pro po nents of o rga nic de s ign prom oted a holistic approac h, borr owing from natu re's ow n m od el of com po nen ts within systems. In t he USA t he architect Frank Llo yd Wright was th e first to blend t he functio nal ity of buildin gs, inte rio rs a nd furn itur e into one co nce pt. In t he 1930 S th e Finn ish arch itec t and des igner Alvar Aalto also ach ieved a syn ergy betwee n the built e nvironme nt a nd his curvilinea r be nt plywood furniture tha t evo ked nat ura l rhythm s. At a landm ark com pet ition and exhibition in 194 2, en tit led Organic De sign for Ho me Furnis hings, orga nized by t he Museum of Modern Art, New Yo rk, the winne rs, Cha rles Eame s an d Eero Saa rine n, firm ly estab lished t heir bio mo rphic plywood furnit ure as a mea ns of satisfyi ng t he ergo nom ic and emotiona l nee ds of th e user. Th ese des igns often incor po rated lam inated woo d or plywood to obta in more st ructu ral st rengt h wit h greater eco no my. With the rapid evolu tion of new m ateria ls s uch as plastics in th e 1960s and 1970S mo re am bitious exp ress ions of biomorphism were ach ieved. Ironica lly, o ne of th e early advoca tes of a more sustaina ble des ign philosophy, Richar d Buckm inst e r Fuller, orig inate d from the USA, a co untry renowned for bot h prolific production and co nsumption. O ne of Buckmin ster Fuller's early ven tures, the Stockade Building Syste m, established a met ho d of wall construction us ing cem ent with waste wood shavi ngs. Building inspectors of t he day d id not approve of this innovatio n and the vent ure fad ed . Not easi ly to be dete rred, he soon se t up a new des ign com pan y, 4-D, whose name ma kes reference to the co nse quence (to humanity) of 3-D objects over t ime . ' Dymaxio n' was the term he coined fo r products that gave maximu m human benefit from m inima l use of materials an d energy. His 192 9

Dymaxion hou se, late r develo ped as a co m me rcial produ ct in t he meta l prefab ricated Wichita ho use (1 945). a nd 1933 teardro p-s ha ped Dymaxio n ca r we re bot h rad ical design s. The ca r had a ca pacity of up to a dozen ad ults, fuel co ns um ption of i o.ykm/l itre (30mpg) and t he ability to t urn within its ow n lengt h th ank s to t he arra ngeme nt of t he thr ee whee ls. Rem arkable as it was , t he car wa s plagued with serious de sign fau lts and never becam e a com me rcial reality. The Wichita hou se cou ld have been a run away com mer cia l su cces s as nea rly forty thousa nd or de rs po ure d in but delays in refining th e desi gn led to t he co llapse of t he co m pany. Buckmin st er Fuller pe rseve red and in 194 9 de velo ped a new meth od of co nst ruction based o n lightwe igh t polygon s. The geo des ic dom e was suita ble for do mestic dwellings o r m ultipurp ose us e and its co m po nents we re readily t ran s ported, eas ily e rected and reu sabl e. His legacy inspired new endeavo u rs s uch as the Eden Project , nea r St Austell in Corn wall, UK (20 01), in which t he wo rld's lar gest bio mes hou se eighty t housand pla nt s pec ies from t ro pical to tem perate clim ates . From 1945 to t he mid-1950 S mo st of Euro pe s uffered fro m s ho rtag es of mat erials a nd en e rgy su pplies. Th is a us terity en cou raged a rationa lization of de si gn s um me d up in t he axiom ' less is more '. The 1951 Festival of Britain breath ed o ptim is m into a de pre ssed s ociety a nd prod uced so me ce lebrate d design s includin g Ernes t Race's Ante lope cha ir, which used t he minimum amo unt of stee l rod in a lightwe ight cu rviline ar frame. During th e 1950 S Europ ean m anufact urer s s uch as Fiat, Cit roe n a nd British Leyla nd exto lled the virtu es of th e s ma ll ca r. Economica l to bu ild, fuel-efficient (by sta ndards of t he day) a nd acc ess ible to huge m ass m arkets , t hese ca rs t ran sfo rm ed th e lives of alm os t nine million ow ners . By co nt rast, th e gas-guzz ling, he avyweight , s ho rtlived Buicks, Cadillacs an d Chevrolet s of Ameri ca may have celebrate d Ame rican o pti mis m but we re th e very an tit hesis of gree n des ign . The hippie m oveme nt ofthe 1960 s qu est ion ed co nsumerism a nd drew on various back-to-nat ure th em es, ta king ins piration from t he dwe llings a nd lives of nom ad ic peopl es. Do-it-yo urself des ign books sat alongsi de publications s uch as The Whole Earth Catalog, a so urce boo k of self-s ufficie ncy advice and too ls that is still pro d uced annuall y. O ut of th is e ra emerged t he 'a lternative tech nologist s ' who enco uraged the application of approp riate levels of tech no logy to t he provis ion of bas ic needs s uch as fres h water, san itat ion, energy and food for po pulations in developing countries. And with in Euro pe young des igners expe rime nted with new forms us ing recycled ma ter ials a nd exam ined a lte rna tive syste ms of design , prod uction and sa les .

l In 1971 the rumblings of the first energy crisis were felt and by 1974, when the price of a barrel of oil hit an all-time high, the technologists began designing products that consumed less energy and so decreased reliance on foss il fuels. This crisis had a silver lining in the form of the first rational attempts to examine the life of a product and its conse quent ene rgy requirements. Lifecycle analysis (LCA), as it became known, has since been developed further into a means of examini ng the 'cradle to grave' life of produ cts to dete rmine not on lyenergy and mater ial input s but also associated en vironm ental impacts . In his 1971 book, Designf ort he Real World, Victor Papanek confronted the design profession head on, demanding that they face their social responsibilities instead of selling out to commercial interests. Although he was pilloried by mos t design establ ishments of the day, his book was translated into twenty-on e languages and remains one of the most wide ly read books on design. Papanek believed that designers could provide everything from s im ple, 'appr opriate technology' solutions to objects and systems for commun ity or society use . By the 1980s three factors, imp roved environmenta l legislation, greater public awareness of environme nta l issues and private-secto r com petition, ensured that 'green consu mers' became a visible force. In the UKin 1988 John Elki ngton and Julia Hailes wrote The Green Consumer Guide, which was purchased by millions of people keen to understand the issues and exercise their 'cons umer power'. Designers and manufact urers applied themselves to the task of making their prod ucts 'environmentally friendly', not always with genuine zeal or success . Unsub stantiated claims on product labels soo n disillusioned an already sceptical public and green design got buried in an avalanche of market-driven, environmentallyunfriendly products from the emergin g capita list-driven 'g lobal eco nomy'. Then t he pendu lum swung back, resulting in more stringent environment al legislation, greater regulation and more uptake of eco-labelling, energy labels and environmenta l management stan dards . Against the grain of the high-tech, mart-black 1980s, a few nota ble designer-make rs blended post-modernism with low environ mental-imp act materials and recycled or sa lvaged com ponents. In London Ron Arad produced eclectic works ranging from armchairs made from old car seat s to stereo cas ings of reinforced cast concrete; while Tom Dixon created organic chair forms using welded stee l rod covered with natural-rush seating, a des ign that is still manufactured by Cappellini SpA, Ita ly, today. The green design debate gathered momentum following the pu blication of the Brundtland Report, Our Common Future, prepared by the World Commission on

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Introduction

Environment and Development in 1987, which first defined 'sustainable development', and also as a result of collaborative work between governments, industry and academia . Dorothy McKenzie's 1991 book, Green Design, reported initiatives by individual designers and the corporate world to tackle the real impact of products on the environme nt. In the early 1990S in the Netherlands, Philips Electron ics, the Dutch governme nt and the University of TU Delft collaborated to develop lifecycle analysis that could be widely used by all designers, especially those in the industrial secto r. Their /D EM AT LCA softwa re provided single eco- ind icators to 'measure' the overall impact of a product. ID EMA Twas rapidly followed by th ree commercial options, EcoScan, Eco-lt and a higher-grade package, SimaPro. Today there are tens of different LCA and lifecycle inventory (LCI) packages, which can help designers minimize the impact of their des igns from cradle to grave. Over the last ten years academic communities arou nd the world have evolved new term inology to descri be particular types of ,green' design, such as Design for environment (DfE) , DIX- where Xcan be asse mbly, disassembl y, reuse and so on - eco-efflciency, ecodesign and EcoReDesign. (Refer to the Glossary for full definitions of these terms .) Alon g with the sus ta ina ble-deve lopmen t debate has come the concept of sustainable product design (SPD). Most definitions ofS PD embra ce the need for des igners to recognize not onlythe environme nta l impact of the ir designs over time but their social and ethical im pacts too. Buckminster Fuller and Papanek would recogn ize the issues but perhaps wonde r why it took so lon g for t he design commun ity at large to take them up.

Our imperilled planet Twe nty-fi ve per cent of the world's popu lation of six billion

people accoun t for eighty per cent of global energy use, ninety per cent of car use and eighty- five per cent of chemical use. By 2050 there may be up to twenty billion peop le on the planet, ten times more than at the beginning of the twent ieth century. Scientists estimate tha t human act ivities to date have bee n res ponsible for increases in atmos pheric temp erature of between 1.5 and 6 Celsius degree s (2.9- 10.8 Fahrenhe it degrees). Global warming on an unpr eceden ted scale has melted ice caps and permafrost, with consequent rises in sea-level by up to 60 centimet res (zft). It is not an equable world. A typical consumer from the developed ' North' cons umes between ten and twenty times more resources than a typical consumer from the developing

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_ _~J Introduction

'Sout h'. Both types of con sumer can s usta in the ir lives but the qu ality of those lives is s ubstantially different. Almost one billion people suffer from povert y, hunger or water shortages. At present rates of prod uction and co nsum pt ion the eart h can sustai n two billion people at 'Northe rn' stan da rds of living. Could it su pport twenty billion people at 'Southern ' standards of living? O r is there an urgent need to ad dress the way ' No rthern' populations consume and examine the true imp act of each product's life?

The im pact of global production and consumption Between 1950 a nd 1997 the prod uction of wo rld grain tripled, wo rld fe rtilizer use increased nearly te nfold, th e a nnua l glo ba l catc h of fis h increased by a factor of five and global wate r use ne arly tr ipled . Fossil-fuel usage qu ad rupled and the world car fleet increased by a factor of ten . During the sa me period destruction of the envir onment pro gressed on a m assive scale. There was a reducti on in biodiversi ty. Fo r exampl e, the world elephant pop ulation decreased from six million to just 600,000 and tota l tro pical rainforest cove r decreased by twenty -five pe r cent. Average globa l temperature rose from 14 .86"C to 15.32"C (58.75-59 .58"F), largely owing to an increase in ca rbo n d ioxide emiss ions from 1.6 billion tonnes per annum in 1950 to 7 billio n tonnes in 1997. CFC (chlo rofluo rocarbon) concentrations rose from zero to three part s per billion, caus ing holes in the protectiv e ozone layer at the North and South poles. In the North owne rshi p of such products as refrigerators an d te levision s has reac hed almos t all households. More than two in t hree househo lds own a washing mach ine a nd a car . The North is indeed a mat erial world . It also generates huge qua ntities of was te. Accordi ng to The Green Consumer Guide, even back in 1988 an ave rage British per son gen erat ed two du stbi ns of waste each week, used two trees a year in the form of pape r and boa rd and disposed of 90 drink s ca ns, 70 food ca ns , 35 petfood cans, 10 7 bott les and jars and 45kg (99Ib) of plast ics . By 2000 loca l authorities in Britain we re recycling on ave rage onl y twen ty-five per cent of domestic wa ste a nd suc h valuable resources as glass, metal and plas tics we re s hame fully neglected by d is posal in land fill site s o r incineratio n. Furt hermore , landfill sites gen e rate methane an d con t ribute to th e acc um ulatio n of gree nhouse gas es an d risin g glob al te mp eratures. The big environmenta l iss ues In 1995 the European Environment Agency defined the key environme ntal issues of the day as: climate cha nge, ozone depletion , acidificatio n of soi ls a nd surfa ce water, air pollut ion a nd qua lity, was te man agem ent, urban iss ues, inla nd wate r resources, coas tal zon es an d mar ine wate rs, risk manage me nt (of man ma de a nd nat ural dis ast er s) , so il

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quality and biodiversity. Recogn ition tha t the planet was fast reaching a perilous state galvanized 172 governments to gather in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992 for the United Nations Conference on Environment an d Develop ment. The ac hievements of the 'Ea rth Summit' we re co nsidera ble. The Rio Declarat ion on Environment and Deve lop m ent set forth a series of principles defin ing the rights an d responsibilities of states, a comprehensive blueprint for global action called Agenda 21 was published , gu idelines for the management of sustainable forests (Forest Principles) we re set and the UN Co nve ntio n on Biodive rsity a nd the UN Fram ework on Climate Change (UNFCC) were ratified . The co nference se t th e fou nda tions for es ta blishing the UN Commi ssion for Sustainable Deve lo pm ent (UNCSD) , which produces annua l progress reports, and adopted the Precautionary Principle, which states that 'lack of full scientific certa inty sh all not be used as a reason for postponing cost -effective m ea s ure s to pre vent en vironmental degradation '. Europe's cutting-edge en vironmental legislation In 1972 t he t he n members of the European Eco no m ic Community (now the European Union), recogni zing that environmental damage transgresse s nat iona l boundaries, agreed that a common transnation al policy was requ ired in Europe . Since then the European output of legislation and regulatory measures to combat environmental de gradation has bee n pro lific. Regulations passed by th e Europea n Counci l beco me effective law for a ll mem ber sta te s immediately, whereas directives, which are also legally bindin g, do not come into force in the member states until carried into nat ional law by ind ivid ual gove rnme nts . Important legislative ad vance s includ e th e Directive on Con serv ation of w ild Birds 1979, th e Directive on the Asse ssment of the Effects of Certa in Pub lic a nd Private Projects o n the Environment 1985, the Direct ive on the Conservatio n of Natura l Habitats and Wild Flora and Fauna 1992 and the Directive on Integrated Pollut ion Preventi on and Control (IPPC) 199 6. A ran ge of other direct ives is of great relevan ce to m anufacturers and de sig ners , including o n vehicles , electr onic equ ipment, toxic and d angerous was te an d pac kaging a nd pac kag ing waste. The effect of the se regulat ions is felt well beyond Europe , as tra nsglobal co m pa nies manufacturing car s, ele ctroni c goods , packag ing and chem ical products have to meet these st ringent sta nda rds . Europ e's collab orat ive effort s to int roduce en vironm ental legislat ion a nd regulation provide a model to oth er regions of th e wo rld for intern at io nal coo pe ration, for exam ple, Nort h America and the 'Tiger' eco nom ies of South-east Asia (ASEAN).

l The real lives ofproducts Freedom and death The car is the ultimate symbol of personal freedom for the twentieth century. It confers unending choices for the user but condemns many to death, directly as accident victims and indirectly as the recipients of pollutants causing asthma (from particulate matter), brain damage (from lead) and ca nce r (from carcinogens) . It also contributes towards climate change via emissions of carbon dioxide, marine pollution in the event of oil tanker spillage or accidents, an d noise pollution. Most societies feel tha t the personal free dom outweighs the collective price but rece ntly several Europ ea n cities such as Paris and Milan have banned cars o n se lected days . One-way trip Som e products lead s hort, miserable lives, desti ned for a one-way t rip between th e retai l s he lf and burial in a landfill site. Packaging produc ts are the prime exam ple of one-t rip products but there a re man y ot he rs - kitc he n appliances, furniture, ga rde n acc essories a nd a ll th e paraph ern alia of the mod ern wo rld. Everyday products quietly killing Qu ietly humm ing away in the corner of millio ns of kitchens wor ldwide is t he hu m ble refrigerator. It protects by keeping food fresh , but it is a killer too. Coola nts us ing CFCs (chlorofluo rocarb ons) o r HCFCs (hydroc hlorofluorocarbo ns) are t he main cul prits in precipitating rapid degradatio n of the layer of ozone gas, which keeps out harm ful radiation from space. Not only are there s ubstantial seasonal hole s in the ozone layer at the North and Sou th poles but t he layer has thinned considerably in other parts of t he world . Thu s inhabitants receive higher doses of rad iation with an increased risk of contracting skin afflictio ns a nd cancer. Everyd ay inefficient products The efficiency of prod ucts th at have become a way of life need s to be cha llenge d co ntinua lly.The Europ ean ecolabe l for was hing machines lays down th resh old values for energy co ns u m pt ion of 0.2 4 kWh pe r kilogram an d water co ns um ption of 15 litres pe r kilogram of cloth es (1.5ga1sjlb) . Yet on ly a few co mp a nies apply fo r thi s eco -Iabe l and man y European ret ailers se ll m achin es th at do not meet the sta nda rds, eve n thou gh they obvio us ly have the techn ological mea ns to do so. Failure to apply the be st techn ology avai lable mean s unn ecessa ry dai ly con su mptio n of massive q ua ntities of electric ity and wate r.

Introduction

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Occasional use The deve lo ped world's preoccupatio n with DIY home imp rovements means that each household owns specialist tools, such as electric drills and screwdrivers, which are rarely used . Novelties and g immicks Many of the products available through mail order catalogues are in fact gimm icks that will do no more than provide temporary amusement. Small but dangerous Many small electronic devices, such as personal stereos and mobile phones , have a voracious appetite for batt eries. While more devices are offere d these days with recha rgeable batteries , the older models still consign mi llions of batteries to landfill sites, where cadmi um , mercu ry an d ot he r toxic su bs tances acc umulate . In th e European Unio n th e d isposal of certai n battery types is illega l but in m any pa rts of th e wo rld it co ntinues unabated . Industry visions and reality Although th e was tage of res our ces as soc iated with the planned obso lesce nce in t he US car ind us try in th e 1950S is no lon ge r tole rated , t he lifet ime of th e ave rage family vehicle remai ns less than ten years. Furt herm ore, the global car ind ustry is geared up to keep adding to the existing five hun dre d m illion ca rs worldwide at th e sam e level of prod uctio n. More fuel-efficient ca rs tha t ca n be d isassemb led at the end of thei r lives have bee n produced an d some are already on the market, but many manufacturers will not roll out th is tec hnology into new mod els until they have extracted the ret urns o n their capital investment in cu rrent mo dels . Moreover, most a re co ncerned to maintain their ma rket share by provid ing cus to mers with choice, often in th e form of fuel-inefficie nt, presti ge or luxury ca rs. Both hard ware and softwa re co m pa nies a re obsessed with dou bling the spee d of person al co m pute rs every e ightee n months as ch ip techn ology co ntinues its me teo ric de velopm ent. Users are se duce d into buying faster mach ines eve n th ough they use o nly a s mall fraction of the computin g power available. Bas ic fun ct ion ality, s uch as bein g a ble to adjust th e height of a mon itor o r arran ge a keyboard to s uit individ ua l need s, re mains inadequate. Yet the computer indu st ry co njures up a visio n of a future in which we ca n programme o ur ho use to coo k th e dinne r before we a rrive back from wo rk, of a wired -up 'info rmatio n age' in which everyone has access to t he Inte rnet. The reality is that ninety-fou r per cent of the wo rld's po pulation does

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Int roduction not have access to the Internet. The building of ever bigger and faster networks and workstations involves considerable consumption of finite resources and the use of toxic substances during manufacture and disposal. The bra nd thing Companies with internationally recognized bran ds aspire to increase their market share in individual natio ns in order to claim wo rld do m inance. Expectatio n, in the for m of the bra nd promise, often de livers a t rans ient moment of sa tisfaction for the purchaser. Whatever happened to products that were guarantee d to 'last a lifetime? Where is the long view in the compan ies that sell these brands? The big brands have the potential to reduce the environmental impact of their activit ies , but not if they pers ist in encouraging their customers to consume more, not less .

Moving commerce towardsustainability Evolving environment management systems (EMS) The flagsh ip international sta ndar d th at e nco urages organizations to exami ne thei r ove rall environmental impact arising from pro duction (but not the im pact of the ir prod ucts during usage) is 1501 40 01 compiled by the International Standards Organization in Geneva, Switzerland. Companies that achieve this independently certified EMS have integrated management systems into their business to reduce enviro nmental im pacts d irectly and have agreed to pub lication of an annual e nvironmental report from an aud ited baseli ne, so red uctions in im pact ca n be measured . Ot he r indep end en tly certified standa rds exist, suc h as the Eco-Ma nage me nt and Audit Sche me (EMAS) for compa nies in EU mem ber sta tes. S us ta inab le productio n and consumption In 1995 the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), a coalition of 120 international companies committed to the principles of economic growth and sustainable development, published a report entitled Sustainable Production and Consumption: A Business Perspective. It defined sustainable production and consumption as 'invo lving business, government, communities and households co nt ributing to environmenta l quality through t he efficient prod uction and use of nat ural reso urces , th e m inimization of wastes and the o ptim izat ion of products and services '. The United Nat ions Com mission on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) , formed at Rio in 1992, sees the role of bus iness as cru cial since it requires the integratio n of environmental criteria into purchasing policies (green procurement) , the des ign of more efficient products

and services , including a longer lifes pan for durable goods, better after-sales service, increased reuse and recycling and the promotion of more sustainable consumption by, improved product info rmatio n and by the positive use of advertising and marketing. This represents an important change in the way businesses operate. Model solutions WBCSD mem be rs are e nco uraged to ado pt measur es to im prove their eco-efficiency, th at is, greater reso urce produ ctivity, by maximizing the (financia l) value added per un it of resource inp ut. This means providing more consumer performance an d value from fewer resources an d producing less waste. Amory Lovins et al of the Rocky Mountain Institute in the USA proposed the concept of ' Factor 4' - a doubling of production using half the existing resources, with a conseq uent doubling of the quality of life. Researchers at the Wupperta l lns tit ute in Ger m an y find Facto r 4 inadequ ate to deal with the expected do ub ling o r tr eblin g of wo rld pop ulation by 2050 and so propose ' Facto r 10' as a more appropriate model for the develop ed Nort h to achieve eq uab le use of reso urces fo r popul ation s in the No rth and deve loping South. Another mo del tha t is finding favou r with busi ne ss is ca lled 'The Natural Ste p' (TNS). It sets out four basic 'system conditions' for businesses to adopt. First, su bstances from the earth 's crust, the lithosphere, must not be extracted at a greater rate than th ey can reacc umulate - thus there must be less relian ce on 'virgin' raw materials. Secon d, manmade su bsta nce s must not systematically increase but shou ld be biodegrada ble a nd recyclable. Third, th e physica l basis for th e produ ctivity an d d iversity of nature mu st not be syste mat icallydimini sh ed - ren ewab le resour ces m ust be m aintained a nd ecosyste m s kept hea lthy. Fourth , we must be fa ir an d efficien t in mee ting basic hu m a n need s resou rces s houl d be s ha red in a more eq ua ble mann er. Companies as diverse as car pet manufacturers, wate r suppliers and house builde rs have taken up TNS. Early adopters and new business models International companies from Europe, the USA and Japan are exploring new business models that take a long view enmeshed with the concept of sustaina ble develop ment. Fo r exam ple, Mitsubishi co ns ide red th e eco logy of th e tro pical rainfo rest system, which is highly produ ctive in terms of biom ass on a fixed amo unt of nutritio na l reso urces . Waste becomes other organisms ' foo d in the rainforest. Mitsubish i mimic th is ecology by ensuring their industrial system meets eco-efficient parameters. Where possible waste should be consumed within the company. This model could be extended to ensure that materials are returned to

the manufacturer at the end of their lives, keeping the materials in a closed loop and ensuring that the manufacturer retains control of these resources. At the same time, consumers should be discouraged from buying products and instead encou raged to lease product services. Philips Electronics in the Netherlands produced two publications, Vision of the Future (1 996) and LaCasa Prossima Futuro - The Home of the Near Future (1 999 ), the latter being also the title of an exhibition at the Milan International Furniture Fair in April 1999. Among factors considered were the role of electronic equipment , the introduction of networks and wireless equipment in the home, changing social needs and interactive products . Ecodesign is integrated into existing design, production and development and innovation processes . Similarly, the UK-based international oil compan y, British Petroleum pic, once a compan y whose revenue derived solelyfrom fossil-fuel products, has now repositioned itself as one of the world's leading energy compa nies and is a keymanufactu rer of solar panels and solar-powered systems . Designers save the earth Designers actuallyhave more potent ial to slow environmental degradation than economists, politicians, businesses and even environmenta lists. The power of designers is catalytic. Once a new, more environmentally benign design penetrates markets its beneficial effects multiply. Businesses spend less on raw materials and production and so realize better profits, users enjoy more efficient, better-value products , governments reduce spending on regulatory enforcement and the net gain is an improved environment and quality of life. The vivid examples in this book demonstrate the capabilityof design, and hence des igners, to shape the future and save the earth. A robust tool kit Today's designer has a powerful array of tools to assist him/her to meet the challenge of reducing environmental impacts at the design stage, such as simple checklists, impact matrices, lifecycle matrices, eco-wheels, Ufecycle Inventory (LCI) and Ufecycle Analysis (LCA) software. Checklists can be found in the publications included in Further Reading (p. 346) and a full list of organizations and agencies offering information and software to assist designers is given in the Green Organizations section (p. 332).

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Introduction

A manifestof oreco-pluralistic design ...

designs that treadlightly on the planet The thoughtful designer of the twenty-first century will design with integrity, sens itivity and compassion. He/she willdesign products/materials/s ervice products that are sustainable , i.e. they serve human needs without depleting natural and man made reso urces, without damage to the carrying capacity of ecosystems and without restricting the options available for present and future generations. An ecopluralistic designer will: Design to satisfY real needs rather than trans ient, fashionable or market-driven needs. 2. Design to minimize the ecologicalfootprint of the product/material/service product, i.e., reduce resource consumption , including energy and water. 3. Design to harnesssolarincome (sun, wind, water or sea power) rather than use non-renewable natura l capital such as fossil fuels. 4. Design to enable separation of components of the product/ mate rial/service product at the end of life in order to encourage recycling or reuse of materials and/or components. 5. Design to exclude the use of substancestoxicor hazardous to human and other forms of life at all stages of the product/material/service product's lifecycle. 6. Design to engender maximum benefitsto the intended audience and to educate the client and the user and thereby create a more equable future. 7. Design to use locally available materials and resources wherever poss ible (thinking globallybut acting locally) . 8. Design to exclude innovation lethargy by re-examining original assumptions behind existing concepts and products/ materials/ service products . 9. Design to dematerialize products into services wherever feasible. 10. Design to maximize a product/material/service product's benefits to communities. 11 . Design to encourage modularity in design to permit sequent ial purchases, as needs require and funds permit, to facilitate repair/reuse and to improve functionality. 12. Design to foster debate and challenge the status quo surround ing existing products/ materials/serv ice products. 13. Publish eco-pluralistic designs in the public domain for everyone's benefit, especia lly those designs that commerce will not manufacture. 14. '.Design to create more sustainable products/materials/ service products for a more sustainable future. 1.

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1.6 Leisure and Recreation

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1.7 Other Domestic Products

169

Introduction

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( Living or Lifestyles ) In a media-driven world, where brands promise a lifestyle guaranteed to satisfy your desires , it is difficultto step back and honestly appraise your real needs for living. The word 'lifestyle' implies not just a wayof lifebut also choice. For many people around the globe lifestyle choices are simply not available, as the basic needs of life clean water, clean air, sufficient food, shelter and medical care - are absent. In today's global economy international brands, such as Coca-Cola soft drinks and Nike trainers, rub cheek byjowl with locallyor nationallymade products. Designers need to reappraise their role in the production of fashionable lifestyle products or at least strive to minimize the impact of these ephemera l goods, by concentrating on durable, multi-user, multipurpose designs . Esse ntial products The car has become the ultimate symbol of our freedom to move around , yet this 'impact-use' product, which only twenty per cent of the world's population own, impinges on the collectivefreedom of all people to enjoy clean air and unpolluted water. Over the last twenty-five years the fuel efficiency of the average car has improved onlyeighteen per cent. The car is a classic example of design innovation lethargy. Only a paradigm shift in the des ign of cars will remove

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the environmenta l burden of this product. But this must also be accompanied by more innovation in alternative modes of mobility. Improvements in personal modes of transport - the push scooter, bicycleand motorbike or scootermust be accompanied by radical improvements in systems of public transport, such as the provision of flexible mobility paths for individual and group users. With increasing reliance on electronic equipment and networks to deliver information, to control t hird-party equipment remotely and to enterta in, it is possible to reduce mobility needs . Yetagain a small proportion only of the world's population is wired in to the information networks such as the Internet or cable TV. Furthermore, building and maintaining the infrastructure of the information superhighway requires vast physical resources, including metals, chemicals and electricity. Virtual moments may provide some of the needs for some of the world's population for some of the time but the real cost to the environment and societies still needs computing. Each individual requires different products to sustain life. Aside from the essential physical resources, humans need 'comfort' products

to achieve a levelof emotional, spiritual and social well-being. These products may permit or provide improved mobility, specialist recreational activities, communal meeting-places or spiritual contemplation . Since comfort products tend be used over a longish time, rather than being ephemeral, the design parameters can em brace durability and therefore judicious use of resources. Living lightlya sustainable day As the products in th is section illustrate, it is possible to tread more lightly on the planet, to consume and waste less, yet to maintain or even improve the quality of life. A dou ble responsibi lityfalls on the developed countries of the North. The North must rapidlyevolve more sustainab le patterns of consumption and production. Further, the North must offer the South the assistance and the means to avoid bad practice and reap the benefits of a more sustainable way of life, sooner rather than later. A sustainable day in 2025 might involve the following products ...

Seating Spin and Oas is chairs Designing a chair remains the quinte ssen tial test of any furn iture de signer. The im aginative form of t he Spin /O asi s chai r ca refu lly models itself like a prosthes is, s uppo rting a nd cares sing the seated bod y. Rigid seat an d arm s a re made from one type of polyprop ylene to which is clipped a mo re flexible polypropylene formin g the co mfortable backrest.

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Ross Lovegrove, UK

308

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Dtiade, Italy

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Polypropylene, metal

295, 34 1 328

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«imp roved ergonomics • Disassemblyand reeyclability

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Easily d isassembled into comp one nt part s, the PP a nd m etal frames ca n be recycled .

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Pillet's elegant chaise longue co m bines the eclect icis m of craft with th e tec hnica l s kills of the workers at Cecotti's factory, a la bo ur force with a long history of 'craft te chno logy'. Rene wab le materials a re bought to a sta te of refinement th at will en courage the owner(s) to cherish this de sign a nd confer a de gre e of lo ngevity. High-qua lity manufacturing using nature's materials will always be a s ustainabl e bus iness model, as lo ng as raw ma ter ials a re procu red from man aged forests.

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ChristopherPillet, 3°9 France Ceccotti Collezioni, Italy 314 Layeredtimber, solid cherrywood • Renewable materials

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Seating Chair Foam rubber has long provided padding for furniture, but Alfons Broess has explored new fillings made from waste wood chips, which cushion and adapt to individual body shapes . The soft fill is enclosed in the rigid synthetic shell.

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Slick Slick Stackable, injection. moulded, polypropylene chairs are produced by numerous manufacturers for the contract furniture market. Unfortunately ugliness is often the common des ign denominator of this genre. Starck rescues the concept with this elegant design requiring a minimum of materials, creating a chair suita ble for conference/o fficeseat ing and domest ic use.

Alfons Broess, graduate, 305 DesignAcademy Eindhoven, Netherlands Prototype Wastewood, synthetic sheff, metal • Reduction of waste production • Renewable material

293'5 339

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Philippe Starck, France

310

XO, France

326

Polypropylene

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327, 329

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• Multifunctional indoor/outdoor furniture

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Colin Reedyand Renaldi 309 Hutasoit, USA Meta Marf, lnc., USA 320

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Gridcore orpostconsumerplastics. steel • Recycled materials ,~ • Minimalmaterials usage IDRA award, 1996

Sprocket Two types of s he ll are ava ilable for th is lightweight, ste el-fram ed lounge chair: Gridcore , which is a reinforced sheetin g m ade from recycled paper, o r used plastic s heet ing.

Seating Big Legs Interlocking cutouts of 100 per cent-recycled HDPE plastic panels create sculpture and visual excitement in th is threelegged chair. New plastic recyclates offer different propert ies from the plywood that would have been the usual choice of material for this design. Thus the potent ial outcomes are different too.

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Airbag Since the 1960s inflatable chairs have come and gone but Suppanen and Kolhonen have added an extra comfort dimension by placing balls of EPS inside the nylon outer cover, at the same time as allowi ng the chair to be deflated when not in use. Nylon is toug h and resists puncturing better than other polymers.

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IIkka Suppanenand Pas; 310 Kolhonen,Finland Snow, Finland 324

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Henner Kuckuck, USA

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One.off HOPErecyclate

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• Recycled materials

327

lORA award, '995

332

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Basti an Brownwrapping paper and softwood, both inexpensive renewable materials sou rced locally, are hand-crafted into a lightweight chair with

matching footstool. Clean lines reinforce the simplicity of the cons truction technique and materials, borrowing from

t he long tradition of Far Eastern wood and paper manufacturing, but in harmonywith a Western design ethos.

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RobertA Wettstein, Switzerland One-off/ smallbotch production, RobertA

310 310

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Paper,wood • Renewable, lowembodied energy, materialsand construction

288-9 339 34 0

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Blotter 'Keepi ng it sim ple' is the message de livered by t his bent-steel cha ise lo ngue wit h its soft, cus hioning s kin of rubb er to keep out th e co ld.

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MarreM oerel (Netherlands), USA One-aff

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Stainlessand mildsteel, 295, rubber 283 • Recyclable materials 327 • Economyofmaterials usage

Body Raft Local wych elm is bent wit h stea m to create a curve d fram e to which further curved lath es a re attached . This organ ic s ha pe is visu ally appealing. Handcrafted furniture of t his kind ca n contribute to s us tain ing local econom ies.

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DavidTrubridge, New Zealand Prototype

311

Wychelm wood

339

• Renewable materials

327

The Bottle-TopStool This fiat-p ack stool is de signed fo r dis assemb ly and is 10 0 per ce nt recyclable. Legs and seat are ma de from R-MOW recycled plast ic sh eet an d the botto m rails from alum inium t ube a nd diecast fixings . Plastic recyclate rep laces the traditional wood and can hel p increase the amount of the plastic reta ined in the recycling loo p.

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DamianWilliamson, UK One.off

311

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292, 339 328

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Seating

M iss Ramirez Granular waste from the cork manufactu ring industry in the Iberian peninsula is mixed with synthetic rubber to create a durable material suitable for cold mo ulding. This materia l can be formed into well-defined shapes but retains so me elasticity. Roberto Feo creates an appealing and comforta blelooking lounge chair. The mate rials look familiar yet stra nge, creating a heavy chair that is actua lly easily moved around using the front wheels. This is an economical, functional, ecological and mode rn des ign.

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Roberto Feo, £1 Ultimo Grito, Spain One.offorsmaf/batch production, £1 Ultimo Grito, UK Cork waste, synthetic rubber,metal, plastic • Recycledand recyclable materials • Cold, low·energy manufacturing

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283, 295 328

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Bey brings nature indoors by taking plant waste from the garden and using highpressure extrusion containers to generate benches of dried grass, leaves and woody prunings. Durability and longevity of the seating depend on the extent of use and the inherent strength of the compressed raw materials. At the end of its natural lifesp an the furniture can be broken up and left to rot on the

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garden com post heap. Perhaps Bey's desig ns represent the current best practice in biodegradable furniture?

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Jurgen Bey, Droog 304 Design, Netherlands One-offs, Droog Design/ 304 OM0, Netherlands 339 a.- Plantwaste, resin

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Bucket Seat Adding a ready-made stee l and wood bucket handle to this traditional seat ing design makes the stoo l eas ily portable, which in turn is a feature the user can enjoy.A dash of wit revitalizes craft trad itions and helps bring this type of furniture back into living and work spaces.

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Carl Clerkin, UK

305

Smallbatchproduction Ready-made steel, wood 295, • Renewable and recyclable materials • Useofready-modes

328 327

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Seating Model 290 F For over 150 year s th e manufacturer Ge brud e r Th onet has mass-produ ced elegant bentwood chairs espou sing good de sign wit h eco nom ical use of local (Euro pea n) ma ter ials, modula r 'flat-pac k' de signs fac ilitating distr ibution and basic, yet customizable o ptions . In 1849 at Michael Tho net' s factory in Vienna 'Cha ir NO. 1', the Schwarzenberg cha ir, made of four prefabricated compo nents that cou ld be reassembled in differe nt configurations , was th e precu rsor of a design idea lly s uited to ind ust rial prod uction . Thonet cha irs grace d many a cafe and restaura nt fro m Paris to Berlin and Lo nd on in the

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late nineteenth and early twe ntieth centuries and created th e definitive a rchetype for the cafe cha ir. 'Chair No. 14', later known as t he 'Vie nna coffee-ho us e cha ir', was on e of th e mo st successfu l prod ucts of t he nineteenth century and probably re mains th e world' s best-selling cha ir, with over fifty mi llion so ld in ' 930 alone. The roll-call of iconic des igne rs, s uch as Mies van de r Rohe, Mart Stam , Marcel Bre uer an d Verner Panton, ensured that Thonet always explored des igns dr iven by new moveme nts an d schools of tho ug ht. Yet Thon et rem ain aware of th eir t raditions an d currently prod uce modern varia nts using we ll-teste d principles an d materials s uch as steamed a nd bent so lid beechwood. Mode l 29oF epitom izes the Thon et philoso phy: the designers, wu lfSchneider and Pa rtners, use th ree pieces to create a ro bust , d urab le and repa irable chai r. A s ingle piece of so lid bent beech fo rms the fro nt legs a nd back stay, a cut-and-drilled , mo ulded , lami nated beech forms the back legs and back rest , both pieces being fixed to t he laminate d seat with cas t-alum inium angled brackets and screws. Ninetee nth -century examples of Th onet cha irs turn up in the prestigio us sale room s of Sotheby's, Christies a nd Bonh am, attest ing to th e ir durabi lity. It is quit e likely t hat Model 29 o F will in ti me become a so ught-after antique, validating it as a good and green de sign .

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ProfWulfSchneider 310 and Partners, Germany GebruderThonet 317 GmbH, Germany Beechwood, aluminium 295, 339 • Renewable materials 327, • Low-energytransport 329 andassembly iFEcologyDesign 332 Award, Germany, ' 999

Seating Transit Cha ir "T\ C

The famil iar graphical language of road signage adds significant character to this cha ir fabricated from redundant alum inium signs from the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation . Available as a flat-pack, self-assembly kit. the cha irs are a good example of reuse and and potential furthe r recycling at the en d of their lives.

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Boris Bally, AtelierBoris 30 4 Bally, USA One-off,limitedbatch production Recycled road traffic 34 ' signs • Reuseofmaterials 32 7 IDRAaward,1997

332

Seating syst em It is clear to anyone who wo rks in a mo de rn office t hat the pap erless office is still a figm ent of the futu rologists' im aginatio n. Pap er co nsum ptio n is increa sing worldwide , so op port unities to re man ufacture pa per into

new mat e rials dese rve explorat ion. Martijn van Maan en believes loc ally gen erated was te pap er can be co nve rted into new sea ting a nd s uggests th at gove rnme nt tax office s m ight be a goo d place to start s uc h a scheme!

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Martiijn van Maanen, graduate, Design AcademyEindhoven, Netherlands Prototype

311

Paper

288

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327

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Seating Gallery This moul ded plywood stool is a mo du le that funct ions in its own right or can be joi ned to others to for m a co nti nuous bench or rows of sea ts . Efficie nt use of materials is achieved th ro ugh sim plicity and st rength of form .

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HansSandgren Jakobsen , Denmark Fredericia Furniture AjS, Denmark Plywood

307

• Economy ofmaterials usage • Renewable materials • Dualfunctionseating iFDesignAward, 2000

327, 329

316 339

332

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The sculpt ural pos sibilities ofHD PE recyclate are explored by cutt ing and shaping s heets. This demonstrate s how new m aterial s st im ulate innovat ion s in th e de s ign proces s.

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Philip Loakerand Plastics 308 f th IndustryLtd, UK Plasticsf th IndustryLtd, 32 2 UK Recycled HOPE 34'

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HowSl ow the Wind Sim plicity of co nst ructio n ca n stim ulate eco no my of materia ls use, perm it ea sy ass embly a nd disassem bly an d con tribute to a redu ct ion in the ene rgy needed for fab rication. Yamanaka uses one sh eet of recyclable polyprop yle ne, cut a nd be nt to slide ove r a swive lling base made of M DF a nd covered with leather. The result is a dyna mic yet pleasing line

and a co mfo rta ble easy cha ir equa lly ad apt able to living o r wo rking s paces .

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311

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285. 34 1 327, 34 0

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Seating Maggi Hinting at an imminent (environmental) meltdown, Bar and Knell'schair is formed of plastic packaging waste, dyed black then surface finished with Maggi plastic carrier bags. The branding lives on but not as the marketeers intended. This chair was made in 1995 but the design partnersh ip experimented with many variants from 1993 to 1997, including sofas and furniture for children. Their playful yet deliberate exposure of the raw-waste medium contrasts with the highlycontrolled, stylized injection- or blow-moulded designs of the 1960s and 1970S. This reincarnation poses the question, ' How can we throwaway such a useful resource?'

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Beata andGerhard Bar 304 and Hartmut Knell, Germany One-off, limitedbatch production Packaging waste 32 ]

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A single sheet of polypropylene is pre-formed, then fixed to a simp le square-section stee l frame. Componen ts are eas ily assembl ed with low-energy production techniques , materials usage is kept to a minimum and easy disassembl y permits recycli ng.

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30 6

EIUltimo Grito, UK

30 6

Polypropylene, steel • Economyof moterio/s usageandproduction

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Seating Origam i Zaisu A single sheet of plywood is bent and cut to form a simple floor seat. In Japanese culture sitting on the floor is the norm but perhaps the practice should be adopted more widely, since the om ission of legs that form a conventional chair saves materials and ene rgy.

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MitsumasaSugasawa, Japan TendoCo. Ltd,Japan

310

Plywood

339

• Economy ofmaterials usage • Renewablematerials

327

325

Mirandolina Reviving a technique first used by the designer Han s Coray, with his pressedaluminium ' Landi' chair designed in 1938, Pietro Arosio has produ ced an economica l yet elegant stacking ch air from a single sh eet of aluminium. Cut and pressed into its final form , the Mirandolina shouts efficiency. The use of o ne mat eria l, alumi nium, facilitates recycling of the waste offcuts an d e ns ures it is easy to recycle o r repair.

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Pietro Arosio, Italy

304

Zanotta SpA, Italy

3 26

Aluminium

295

• Recyclable single material • Efficient materials usageand recycling duringmanufacturing

327, 328

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Box O riginally designed in 1975, the Box cha ir has now been reis sued with a n injectionmoulded polyprop ylene back as well as seat. Tubula r metal legs and back frame are easil y assembled and d isassembled , fac ilitating rep air, refu rbishment and recycling of an y of the components. The flat pack

and low weight reduce distr ibution costs and total tran sport emissions, reflecti ng Mari's de s ign ph ilosophy of ' red uctio nis m '.

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Enzo Mari, Italy

308

Driade SpA, Italy

315

Metal, palypropylene

295, 34 1

• Designf ardisassembly 328 • Economyaf materials usage

( 1 Recliner

and Footstool Utiliz ing st ea m-be nt English ash wood allows eco no mical use of mat erials without sacrificing strength an d ensures a low-emb od ied energy of manufacturing . The cha ir frame is adjustable to th ree

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/ positio ns and is cus hio ned wit h pa dde d linen. An alternative ve rsion, using rattan, is available. Tra nn o n merge th e t raditions and d urab ility of ben t ash with a fres h aesthetic an d a green pol icy for the procurem ent of raw materials.

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DavidCalwelland Roy Tam,UK Trannon Furniture Ltd, UK Solidash wood,linenor rattan • Renewable materials with stewardship sourcing • Low-energy construction techniques

3° 5 325 2 9 0 . 1,

339 327, 328

Seating :....

Conversation Chair

Cardboard Chair Lettingthe materials deliver the (environmental) message is a theme common to furniture designers around the world using recycled or recyclable materials. So Jane Atfield (UK) speaks with plastic, Frank Gehry (USA) with cardboard and Lievore (Spain) with maderon. The Campana brothers combine a robust, solid, iron-rod frame with a

laminated cardboard seat and back to create a dining chair that demonstrates how unpretentious materials can encou rage a healthy hybrid of modernism and craft.

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Fernanda and Hurnberta 30 5 Campana, Brazil Limitedbatch production Iron, cardboard 288-9,

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Locally crafted wooden furniture is a good model for sustainable manufacturing and Guy Martin's individually made chairs, seating , tables and bookshelves maintain that tradition. Using a classic 'nail and stick' technique, more often found in the Appalachian mounta ins in the United States than in south-west England, the frames are formed from green ash wood obtained from locally managed woodlands. The willow withies are grown in commercial fields near by in the Somerset levels and waste wood or shavings are used to generate heat and electricityto power the workshop. When craft skills are merged with contem porary designs the

results can be refreshingly surprising comp ared with mass-produced furniture. Martin represents the young designers who could become the 'green' manufacturers of the new millennium, echoing the practices of Europe's largest steamed- beech furniture manufacturers, GebrOder Thonet of Vienna, in the 184 0S .

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Guy Martin, UK

308

e

One-offandsmallbatch production Ashwood, willow 339

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• Renewableand 327, compostablematerials 328 • Low-energy manufacturing • Locallysourced materials

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295 327

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Seating The Porcelain Stool Hella Jongerius hijac ks materials associated with a trad itional process or product and reappl ies them to a tot a lly diffe rent funct ion . Such flexible thin king is essential for the future. Porcelain , long noted for its frag ility and de licate qualities, is moulded into a robust, o rganic-sha ped stool.

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HellaJongerius, Netherlands CoppelliniSpA,Italy

307

Porcelain

295

• Economy ofmaterials usage • Material with low embodied energy

327, 340

314

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PeterKarpf. Sweden

308

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Inredningsf orm/lform, Sweden Laminated beechwood

318

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• Single, renewable material • Low·energy manufacturing

327, 328

• OTO Cut and ben t from a single shee t of lam inated beech , Karpf' s grace ful cha ir avo ids t he nee d for any ot he r co m po nents, keepin g t he productio n process efficie nt an d reducing waste.

339

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Plyboo In late nineteenth-century London there were over thirty manufacturers making furniture from imported bamboo. Following a them e of her earlier designs using recycled plastics, Atfield lets the materials of Plyboo give character to the object, contrast ing the random natural characteristics of the bamboo with the processed, standardized, manufactured look of the birch plywood. Steel rods are used to reinforce the bamboo at critical points. The result is durable

Ply Chair

seat ing that may well revive the fortunes of bamboo as a material for the new millennium, casting off the unwanted association s between bamboo furniture and colonial verandas , conservatories and swimming pools. Bamboo is here again. It is modern , renewable, recyclable and toxin-free and is a ferocious producer of biomass in the right climate.

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JaneAtfield, UK

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Prototype, Float Up 316 VP,UK Bamboo, plywood, steel 295. 339 • Renewable materials 32]

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Avoi ding excessive usage or wastage of materials should be a guiding principle of any design in the twenty-firstcentury. The Ply Chair is the latest answer to the 'Superleggera', demonstrating restraint, grace, economy, st rength and character.

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JasperMorrison, UK

309

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VitroAG, Germany

326

Aeronautical-quality plywood • Economyofmaterials usage

339

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304

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Seating

DeckChair The structural properties of recycled plastic sheet have been thoroughly exploited in this combined chair and otto man, which can also be used as a deck chair. This material is highly malleable when heated, enab ling complex bending to produce results similar to pre-compressed wood.

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Colin Reedy, USA

309

MetaMorf, lnc., USA

320

Recycled plastic, steel

283, 295 • Recycled and recyclable 327

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materials lORA award, 1996

Daybed This company has been manufacturing furniture, using special techniques for weaving twisted paper, since the beginning ofthe twentieth century. This daybed combines a contem porary sha pe with a traditional material by making the most of the manufactu rer's exte nsive experience with th is medium.

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NigelCoates, UK

30 5

Lim ited batch productionby Lloyd Loam afSpalding, UK Twisted paperand steel wire • Renewableand recyclable materials

319

288, 295 327

332

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Diva (n) Paradox Rushes harvested from freshwater reed-beds are inserted and set into a simple frame conta ining polyurethane foam . Organic materials of natural and synthetic origin are juxtaposed in a visually arresting form. Both materials are quite durable and when no longer serviceable could be incinerated or shredded for reuse as fill material.

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Earth Chair"

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Earth Chair, USA

3' 5

This simple sphere of stitched denim is despatched from the manufacturer empty and filled by the buyerwith once-used plastic shopping bags or similar pliable plastic fill.The designe rmakers claim that it requires gkg (zolb) of such fill. Perhaps the item would be 'greener' if, instead of plastic bags, the filling were made of renewable or compos tab le materials.

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EarthChair, USA

3'5

Denim

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PilBredahl and Lise/otte 30 4 Riset', Denmark One-off Rushes, polyurethane

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34' • Encouraging use of historic renewable material

32]

• Low-energyfabrication 328 includesself-assembly

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Modul a r co m po ne nts can be use d to assemble a ra nge of furniture from cha irs to chaises lo ngues, fash ione d from woo d, wool and leathe r. Natura l compounds such as waterbased paints an d oils an d waxes provide protection

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Galleri Stolen AB, Sweden Galleri Stolen AB, Sweden timber, wool, leather, naturaljinishes • Clean production • Modulardesign facilitating repair, reuse and lonl(evity DesignSense awards, Shortlist, ' 999

for th e woode n parts, while th e leath er originates from a tannery that uses vege ta ble-base d produ cts . Easy assem bly a nd disassemb ly facilitate repair an d exten d the life of the prod ucts.

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332

Seating Pouffe Moore explores the sculptu ral poss ibilities of recyclates, in this case HDPEsheet, treating them as new materials ripe for experimentation. The result is an eyecatching take on an old theme and an economy of materials use.

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IsabellMoore, UK

3°9

One-off HOPErecvciate, maple plywood • Recycled and recyclable materials fORA award.1996

339, 34 1 327 332

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roo-piece-kit armchair Durable, richly patterned , native British yew wood offcuts and salvaged pieces have been reworked into a series of interlocking blocks, which, once assembled, form an armchair with cons iderable presence. Dolphin Wilding breathes new life into waste that would have been burnt or despatched to landfill.

Julienne DolphinWilding. UK One-off/ smallbatch production Yewwood • Recycledand renewable material • Durability

30 6

339 32 7

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Eco These stackable chairs are cut from a single piece of veneer-faced ply and follow in the Scandinavian tradition of working with

bent ply, as were the designs of Gerald Summers for the firm of Makers of Simple Furniture based in London in the late ' 930s. Simplicity, economy and functionality meet in this award-winning design,

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PeterKarpf, Sweden

308

Inreningsforrn/iforrn, Sweden Plywood

318 339

• Renewable materials 327, • Economyofmaterials 328 usageandlow-energy production Winnerofthe iFEcology 332 DesignAward, 2000

.. Seating Eraser Chair

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The innards of mo st cha irs are hidden from view but culpepper has chos en to celebrate the inn er sec rets of the Eras er Chair, which raise s the value of recycled materials by bring ing the m to the attention of th e viewe r. Laid bare is th e structural fabr ic of thi s design , which co ns ists of 95 per cent-recycled woo d felt att ached to a rigid frame .

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MichaelCulpepper, USA 305 One-off Recycledwoodfelt

339

• Recycledand recyclable 32 ] materials IDRAaward, ' 995 332

Eric Card boa rd is combined wit h lami nated and painted plywood to produce an a rmc hair req uiring low-en ergy input to manufactur e. Wetts te in emp hasizes th e co rruga ted co ns t ruction of the ca rd boa rd and join s a distin guish ed list of des ign ers s uch as Gehry a nd th e Campana brothers, who a lso ma ke th e most of th e st rengt h of thi s lamin at ed material.

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Robert A Wettstein, Switzerland One-off/smallbatch production

311

Cardboard, plywood

339

• Renewable materials

32 ]

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Seating q-bac A str iking and comfortable easy chair has been created using ready-made components, such as alumin ium ladder sections and rubber, with minor mod ifications . Existing manufacturing plant and capacity are ut ilized more efficientl y to intro duce new products. At th e end of , their lifespan , the com ponents can be easil y d isassembled for recycling or reuse .

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Ragchair Waste rags and pieces of cloth are bou nd over a woode n frame using steel bands, mimicking the process of binding bales of recycled textiles, to create a comfortable yet unique easy or lounge cha ir. Remy has observed the texti le industry recycling its prod ucts an d nea tly translated the idea into eclectic furnitu re that boldly states its o rigins .

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Tejo Remy,Droog Design, Netherlands DMD, Netherlands

306, 309 315

Textiles,steel

290-', 295 327, 328

• Recycled materials • Low-energy manufacturing

GabrieleAckon,David Zyne Productions, UK David Zyne Productions, UK Aluminiumreadvmades, rubber • Useofreadv-made components

315 3'5 283, 327 327

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Schair Following his experim entation in th e 1980 s wit h o ne-offs us ing sa lvaged m ateria ls, Tom Dixon de s igned th is elegant ca nt ileve r chair . A stee l fram e is wra ppe d with woven rush es, creating a sculptural form . At t he end of the chair 's life m at erials are easily s epa rate d for recycling (st eel) or compostin g (ru sh es) .

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Tom Dixon, UK

30 6

CappefliniSpA, Italy

314

Steel, rushes

276, 295 327

• Economyofmaterials usage • Renewableand recyclable materials

In 1992 Atfield crea ted t he RCP2 chai r with a s im ple but robu st co nst ruction tec hniq ue us ing a radical mat erial cha llengi ng the eco log ical awa reness of des ign ers a nd th e publi c alike . New techn iqu es for recycling HDPE was te created a new s hee tlike material whose co ns tit ue nts rea dily divulged th eir o rigins . Th e raw ness of th e ea rly wo rk of desi gn ers such as Atfield and Bar a nd Knell co nt ras ts wit h t he more so phisticated use of recycled s heet H DPE in Bopp-Leu cht en 's lamps in the late ' 990 s. Further innova tion in ma nufact uring us ing recycled plasti cs ca n be expected over th e next dec ade as atte m pts are mad e to close t he plastic recyclin g loo p.

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JaneAlfield, UK

30 4

One-olfs andsmallbatch production High-density 34' polyethylene(HOPE) • Recycled and recyclable 32 7 materials

Seating Trinidad NO.3298 ' Ind ust rial craft' produ ction will un do ubted ly pros per in th e twenty -first ce nt ury if th e wor kma ns hip and gra ph ical form of th is as h cha ir are a measure of the o ut put of today's furnitu re m anufactu rers.

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Nanna Ditzel, Denmark 30 6

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Fredericia Furniture AjS, Denmark Ashwood, metol

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316 z95 , 339 327

Flying Carpet A stee l frame with s up porting rod s s us pen ds stiffened fe lt in mid -air to create a seat tha t sways as th e user moves around. Econ om y of m at erials use co m bines with ease of se pa ration into pur e-grad e was te st rea ms for recycling th e mat erials at th e e nd of the product's life. Th is imaginative des ign explores new app lication s of wo ol felt to furn itur e.

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I/kka Suppanen, Finland 310

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CappeiliniSpA, Italy

3'4

Steel,felt

29°, 29 5 327

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• Economy of materials usage • Renewableand recyclable materials

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Seating Ghos t Purity of form and function can often be ach ieved by focusing on the exclusive properties of o ne particular material. Cini Boeri and To m u Katayanagi have taken a s ingle piece of t z mm-th lck (c. l Iz-inch) toug hened glass an d cu t a nd mou lded it into an extraordinary object. They juxtapose t he contradictory characteristics of the material - its fragility and toughness - and create a durable, rather timeless design . Ghost provides food for thought on how other fam iliar materials can be modified or mutated to fit new forms and functions. Being composed of a si ng le mat erial fac ilitates recycling at the e nd of t he prod uct 's life an d encourages c1osed loo p recycling. whe re the ma nufacturer uses its own recycled materials to produce new goods .

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CiniBoeriand Tomu Katayanagi. Italyand Japan FlamItalia SpA, Italy

3° 5

Glass

29 5

• Recyclable single material • Durability

327

316

Cha ir and ottom an Slab s of heavy-grade industrial felt, typ ically used for noise insulation in military vehicles, are bolted together to create an archety pa l a rmchai r. An olloman emerges from th e offcuts. The orig ina l felt s labs are tr an sfor m ed fro m the utilitarian to th e pur pos efu l. yet reta in t heir honesty of or igin. Like the Da nis h des igner Nie ls Hvass, who has made a

similar chair from used newspapers, Atfield reminds us to keep it simple and create zero waste.

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JaneAlfield,UK

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Felt, steel

30 4

290, 295

• Economyof materials 327. usage 328 • ZeroWQste production

Seating

IKEAa.i.r .jMUJIAIR

sofas IKEA are peering into the future and testing the way forward for sustainable product design . This example by Jan Dranger sets the stage for manufacturing furniture using recyclable plastics and interchangeable covers, as wear and tear

or fashion decrees. As resource scarcity bites in the twenty-first century, manufacturers will have not only to use recyclable materials but also to develop business models that ensure that product take-back keeps materials in a closed recycling loop.

Bench In a imaginative turnaround, paper from trees is recycled in a 100 per centwaste-paper material called 'Shetkaboard' to become a substit ute for sawn timber in this indoor/ outdoor bench. Why cut down more t rees when waste pape r will do the job nicely?

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StanleyJ Shetka, USA

310

One-off Shetkaboard

280

• Recycled,renewable materials IDRAaward, ' 995

327 332

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Jan Dranger, Dranger Design AB, Sweden News Design DjE ABfor IKEA, Sweden Plastics, nylon or polyester, cotton • Recyclable materials • Economyofmaterials usage • Low-energytransport andassembly

306 321 283, 29 ' 327, 328

Seating Chair This knock-down chair uses lightweight Gridcore, made of 100 per cent-recycled paper honeycomb sandwiched between laminated paper surfaces, for the sides and back. Solid cherrywood is used for the arms and rear leg. The furnishing fabric comes from DesignTex, a US company known for reducing the environmenta l impact of its textile rang~ .

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Janice Smith, USA

310

One.off Gridcore, cherrywood, furnishingfabric • Recycledandrecyclable materials • Selfassembly • Designfordisassembly IDRA award, 1997

290-1 339 327 328

332

Chair Discarded industrial pallets are the raw material for this chair. After machining, the individual wooden lathes are held together using steel bolts. The chair is easilydisasse mbled for repair or recycling.

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James Varney,USA

311

One.off Recycled pollet wood

339

• Recycledand recyclable 327 materials IDRAaward, 1998 332

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Seating

Kids furniture Knotted chair

The confetti-like colours and pattern s of the recycled plastics in these furniture items are ta ilor-made for creating a stimulating learning environment for the young child. Demonst rating this material's versatility for making robust, fun furniture, Reedy introduces so me nice touches such as the hand holds for carrying the chair and rounded edges for safety.

A loose, flexible , macrame form of aramide fibre braid is dipped into a solution of epoxy resin. The resin is hardened by drying at high temperatures to produc e the necessa ry rigidity for the purpose. This remarkable chair is a blend of imagination and technology, which fits the Factor 4 philosophy of ,doing more with less' . However, a few reservations surround the technosphere materials. Epoxy resins need careful handling during production and the resulta nt aramide reinforced with epoxyresin is a com pos ite that could prove diffi cult to recycle.

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Colin Reedy, Meta Moif, 30 9 Inc., USA Meta M01 'nc., USA 320 Recycled plastics, steel

28 3,

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295 327

q.

/ORAaward, '99 7

332

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Marcel Wanders, Netherla nds Cappellini SpA, Italy

311

Aramidejibrebraid, epoxy resin • Economyofmaterials usage

28 4

3 '4

327

Seating Krogh chair The single-piece back s up po rt and arms are made of pre-compressed wood . Many types of wood will respond to precom pressio n treatment. The process involves mollifying the fibres with st ea m and then co m pressing them , which cau ses the fibres to adopt an accordion-l ike zig-zag st ruct ure. This results in an overall shortening of the woo d by 20 per cent, which reduces to 5 per ce nt when the compress ing force is

removed. The wood is malleable at this stage and can be bent before being allowed to dry. Once dry it maintains its original strength and flexibility.

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Erik Krogh Design, Denmark One-aff

30 6

Pre-compressed wood

339

• Renewablematerial withimproved characteristics

327

Leg Over The co lourful, circular polypropylene sea t clips over t he powder-coat ed st ee l fra me to provide a versatile, stackable stool o r footrest. It is economical in its use of materials and stylistic lang uag e.

Little Beaver Part of Gehry's ' Experime nta l Edges' limited ed itio n for Vitra, the Little Beaver co mpr ises offset layers of th ick car dboa rd wit h large co rruga tions , glued and stood o n end . Both th e ma ter ial and the constr uction technique reveal numerous pe rm utatio ns fo r work ing t hese materials and contrast with his earlier

furn iture work with ca rdboa rd in the Wiggle series Of1972 , now be ing prod uced agai n by Vitra.

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Frank a Gehry, USA

30 6

VitroAG, Germany

326

Cardboard, glue

287, 299 • Renewable and 327, campostablematerials 330

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SebastianBergne, UK

304

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Authentics ottipresent, Germany Recycfable polyprapylene, metal • Recycfable materials • Designfordisassembly • Minimaluseof materials

313

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295, 341 327, 328

Seating StUl , SE68, 1998 An econornic al iqyos

design, which originally used plywood seating and back rest, has been reproduced using multicoloured plastic sheeting originating from waste packaging. Where renewable materials are in short supply or costly, recycled plastic offers a viable alternative.

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Stool Simplicity is the keydriver in th is design, resulting in economical use of materials and low-energy input during fabrication. Durable materials ensure robustness and a long life. Mahogany can be salvaged, obtained from a sustainably managed forest (as certified by the FSC) or substituted by a sustainable tem perate hardwood.

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ijs designers(Bridget Reading and Monique van den Hurk), UKand Netherlands Limitedbatch oroduction Stainless steel, maho~anv

• Economy ofmaterials usage • Low-energy manufacturing

307

295, 1 ..

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327, 328

Professor EEiermann, Germany WildeII( Spieth GmbH, Germany HDPEsheeting,steel

326 295,

341 • Recycled and recyclable 327 materials

..... Seating hollow arms and 'angleiron' legs. Starck brings his usual wit and economy of line to this chair, which is equa lly happy in a garde n, an urban loft or a cafe. As it is fabricated entirelyfrom PP with a sma ll, easily removable, stainless-steel plug around the drainage hole in the seat, it easy to recycle the materials at the end of the item's life. By 2030 manufacturers may even be requesting that their products be returned by the current custodian for dismantling and recycling of components and materials. The material content of the Toy Chair will then be valued as much as the comfort and pleasure given through its lifetime.

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Philippe Starck, France

3' 0

Driade SpA, Italy

315

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ToyChair Tough, durable and colourful, polypropylene has been a favoured material with designers for nearlyhalf a century. Toy Chair is a wonderful celebration of technological progress in single-piece injection moulding, with its

Thinking Man 's Chair Tubular and flat steel are combined in a deliberately 'engineered' look, further enhanced by the red oxidetype finish complete with written dimens ions. A durable design for indoor or outdoor use, which, being made from a single material, is easilyrecycled.

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JasperMorrison, UK

309

Cappel/iniSpA, Italy

3'4

Steel

295

• Recyclable single material

327

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Ronaldo Edson da Silva. 30 5 Brazil

Papo-Papel, Brazil

322

Paper. cardboard, plastic 283• 288-9 • Materialsfrom local 327. sources 328 • Recycledmaterials • Low-energy manufacturing First prize. PostConsumptioncategory, 1997Brazilian eco-design awards

Zorg All the raw materials to manufacture this two-seat sofa originate from the Manaus free-trade zone, Amazonia. Cardboard finished in natural sealants forms the main frame

supporting four transparent plastic-bag cushions filled with shredded magazines . The manufacturing technique. which involves simple cutting, folding and gluing,

precludes the need for s pecial tools or an ass emblyplant. This is an excellent example of the application of industriaI ecology in a manufacturing locality.

The Draught Wicker is imaginatively combined with steel for this exciting range of chairs. Traditional weaving of wicker is abandoned in favour of method s in which the withies are held tightly together with steel or inserted into solid beech. The results bring nature, with all its innate variability, into the living space.

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PawelGrunert. Poland Limitedbatch production Steel. wicker • Renewableand compostable materials • Recyclablematerials

30 7

281, 295 327

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Seating ready-made components, which are readily available from local builders' merchants and DIY stockists, into an honest , economical, multipurpose chair. In the UK, DIY interior decoration, building and gardening are obsessions, so it is refreshing to see a designer encouraging such enthusiasts to apply themselves to designing furniture.

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XL' kit chair This lightweight chair, weighing just 2.2 kg (4.7 Ib), won the 1999 Jerwood Applied Arts Prize coordinated by the Crafts Council, UK. Marriott combines materials and

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Michael Marriott, UK Self-assemblychair design Beech, birchplywood, zinc-platedmildsteel • Renewableand recyclablematerials • Economyof materials usage • Useofready-made components

308

295, 339 327

Chair Dolphin-Wilding preserves the quirks of nature's patterns in her unique wooden chairs, letting the natural forms dictate the structure of her handcrafted reincarnations. In doing so she takes us back to days before 'craft' work became a highly skilled profession or before 'industrial design' produced technologically refined furniture.

Wiggle series Originally designed in 1972 as econom ical furniture and manufactured byJack Brocan in the USA, the Wiggle side chair has been reproduced by Vitra from 1992. Each layer of corrugated cardboard is placed at an angle to the next layer to provide significantly increased durability compar ed with the folding cardboard chairs bythe likes of Peter Raacke and Peter Murdoch in the 1960s.

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Fronk a Gehry, USA

306

VitroAG, Germany

326

Cardboard, glues

287-8, 299 327, 328

• Renewable materials • Low-energy manufacturing

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Julienne DolphinWilding One-off/smallbatch production Timber

306

339

• Renewablematerials 327, • Low·energyfabrication 328

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Tables

Flower pot table Clay flower pots are given a fres h, soph isticated image in th is s im ple but we llexecuted de sign fo r a durable, functional occasiona l or side table , wh ich uses raw materials tha t are read ily ava ilable wo rldwide.

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Ash round table Com bining excellent rigidity a nd am ple legroom, the simplicity of this design relies on the strength of the soli d ash, which comes from local English woo dlands. A ra nge of ta ble sizes to seat

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JasperMorrison, UK

309

CappelliniSpA,Italy

314

Clay, glass

295

• Abundantmaterials from thelithosphere • Economyof materials usage

327, 340

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three to te n peop le is m anufactured to the sam e basic de sign. Trannon Furn it ure successfu lly blen ds trad itional furn ituremaki ng techn iques with a mo dern aesthetic to prod uce durable, quality sea ting, tables and she lving.

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DavidColwelland Roy Tam,UK Trannon Furniture Ltd, UK Solidash wood

305 325 339

..Renewable materials 327, with stewardship 328 sourcing ..Low-energy construction techniques

Tables :...

Mooving Image/Sony fla t-screen coffee table Old TVs never die, they just find a new home. Jam's TVsdon 't work but they still grab the atte ntion. Electronics man ufacturers are being forced to realign their ent ire business strategies in accordance with EU legislation (such as the WEE E Directive), which encourages them to take back their products . Fabricating furniture from TVtubes isn't really dealing with the problem of disposal (of heavy metals, gases, glass) but it provides an interim solution while suita ble disposal methods are sought.

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Jam Designal. Communications, UK Jam Design al. Communications, UK TVtubes, steel,castors • Reuse ofend-of/ife components

3°7 3°7 34 1 33°

Concrete table Concrete has a similar em bodied energy to timber, or lower, so its use in creating robust, durable yet custom izable furniture is welcome.

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Pamela Hollon, UK

3°7

One-offi Concrete, glazed ceramictiles • Low-embodiedenergy • Durability

295 328, 340

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Tables Plaky Soph ist icated extrusion and mou lding of the ABSpo lycarbonate blend of plast ic recyclate ad ds value to this was te stream by turning it into a desi rable ite m offu rniture. The anod ized aluminium pede stal ste m co m pletes the 'u p-market' effect.

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ChristopherConnelf, Australia Wharington International Ply Ltdfor MAP(Merchants of Australia), Australia Recycled ABSpolycarbonate, aluminium • Recycled andrecyclable

30 5 32 0 , 32 6

34'

32 7

materials

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Saita Almost go per cen t of the stee l in circu lation has been recycled at some time, so it is refresh ing to see steel being used with grea t sc ulptura l panache in

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th is ta ble design . Lo ng the preserve of archi tectural and str uctura l e ngineer s, steel offers fresh pers pectives for furniture design ers.

Setsu Ito,Japan

3°7

FrontCorporation, Japan Steel

3 '7 295

• Single materialforeasy 327 recycling • Extremelydurable material

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Schraag This table-cum-desk minim izes on materials by us ing three legs , not the traditional four , for each lightweight alumin ium trestle, A range of standard 2 x o .g-metre (6ft 7in x 3ft) top s ca n be chose n from laminated bamb oo, glass or red m ultiplex. Simplic ity and ease of assembly bring the old-fashioned trestle table into the modern world .

Ledge The density and strength of ABS, even in recycled for m, contributes to lightn ess in design , in Christopher Connell's vision .

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Martin van Severen, Belgium Bulo, Belgium

311

Aluminiumwith bamboo, glass or multiplex • Renewablematerial option • Recyclable materials • Designfordisassembly

281, 295

313

327, 328

Table 0.85x1.20m Table design is stripped down to the bare essentials - a woo de n wo rkto p, fou r tubular met al legs, the who le easily disassembled , No fuss , minimal production costs , easy flat pack and lowenergy production input.

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PaulNijland, graduate, 3°9 Design Academy Eindhoven, Netherlands Prototype Woad,metal • Economyof materials usage • Low-energy manufacturing. distributionand assembly

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295, 339 327, 328

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ChristopherCannell, Australia Prototype, MAP, Australia Recycled ABS

30 5

• Recycled material

327

320 34 1

Tables

Table Hertz reveals the workability of Syndecrete'" in his individualistic, sculptural ta bles.

Side table

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David Hertz, USA

3°7

Syndesis, lnc., USA

324

Syndecrete", glass

295

• Recycled materials

327

Syndecrete'" is a lightweight comp osite concrete utilizing mixed industrial and postconsumer waste, pulverized fly ash and PP fibre waste. The material is well suited to detailed moulding and can be polished to reveal a terrazzo-like surface.

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DavidHertz, USA

3° 7

Syndesis, lnc., USA

324

Syndecrete"

295

• Recycledmaterials

327

Folding table Easily mass- produced, with low energy input, this simple folding table combines low cost with transportabilityand the use of Environ and Ranger MDF particleboards.

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Ann Cirandand Brian Champion, USA One-off

3°7

Environ, Ranger MDF

278

• Recycled and renewablematerials lORAaward, 1995

327 332

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\ Table Gridcore, a recycled paper honeycomb core sandwiched between layers of fibre sheeting and veneer, provides sufficient rigidity to sup port a glass table top.

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305

295

• Recycledand recyclable 327 materials lORAaward, 1998 332

TableOp-La Morrison's econom y of design is exemplified in his ability to make the connection between the usually separate roles of displaying and serving food and drinks. This dua l-function t ray-cumtable uses the bare minimum of materials.

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JasperMorrison,UK

309

Cappellini SpA, Italy

314

ASS, stainlesssteel

295, 341 329

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• Duo/function object

Nested tables Jurinec sees cardboard as a noble material with great worth in its unrefined naturalness, low cost and transient durability. Cardboard encourage s minimalism in design and is non-mate rialistic. It is also eas ily returned to the recycl ing loop.

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KsenkjaJurinec, Croatia 307 One-offs Recycledcardboard

288-9

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• Recycled materials

327

4

lORAaward, 1997

332

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Shelving and Storage

Bookcase This co nce rtina-like bookcase has an interesting juxtaposi tion of natu ral . materials. The craft aes thetic has a lways embraced experimentation with nature's prima ry material s but furt her possibilities are emerging to create a new 'ind ustrial craft' producti on .

Chest ofdrawers An assortment of salvaged drawers is reinc arnated as a new chest of drawers in Remy's functional yet qu irky de sig n. The drawers loo ks as if th ey cou ld have been strapped on to the back of a pick-up truck and indeed th e des igner en courages thi s metaphor by bind ing the dra we rs together with the webbing and stee l rat che t used by truc kers. Chest of Drawer s is an object su spended in tim e, ne ither permanent nor tran sient , and de mon str at es the recycling of dozen s of original (drawer) designs that fashion had co nsigned to the junk sh op.

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Tejo Remy, Droog Design, Netherlands One.off/ smollbotch production. Droog Design, Netherlands Olddrawers, webbing, steel • Reusedand readvmadecomponents • Cold. low-energy construction

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30 9 307

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Jon KoningsondJurgen Bey. Droog Design. Netherlands DMD/Droog Design, Netherlands Maplewood. paper, linen «Innovative use of natural, renewable materials

30 8

307 • 315 288-91• 339 3 27

Shelving and Storage I Just Moved In The layers of meaning are as numerous as the shel ves in this int riguing de sign, which promotes individual ism and juxtaposes the old, the new and the banal. The des ign raises a question about the att itudes of designers: sh ould the construction detai ls of Wiesen danger's books helf be published so that anyone can assemble a bookshelf on sim ilar principles but using locally found materials? Or is the limited batch production an exclusive process that guarantees status to the purchasers?

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Kobi Wiesendanger, 311 Switzerland Limitedbatch 3'3 production, Avantde Dormir, Italy Pinewood, cupsand 339, saucers(usedto propup 341 shelfunits) • Reuse ofready-made components • Renewablematerials

Boox Plastics are the by-products of our des ire to burn fossil fuels and are integral to our modern lives. Yet plastics are perceived as a major cu lprit in despoiling our

environment, even though they have made possible resilient, functional and technologically advanced products for over ha lf a century. Philippe Starck 's

' Boox' shouts, 'look at me , I'm plastic, proud of it, cherish me, I'm a valuable resource.' This modular extruded and injectionmoulded shelving system

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is well conceived and should persist for man y decades before it is disassembled ready for a new lease oflife as another recycled product. Boox gives plastic credibil ity and in doing so makes us reevaluate the essential worth of the material.

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Philippe Starck, France

310

Kartell, Italy

318

Thermoplastic polymer 282 • Durable modular design • Recyclablematerials

327

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Shelving and Storage Plug It Boredom is a factor that consigns many an object to the auct ion house, seco ndhan d deale r o r, in the worst scena rio, a landfill site. Roberto Feo's modu lar she lving syste m en sur es th at th e user ca n rear range and add new modu les to refresh and restim ulate th e visual senses at the sa me time as extending th e sto rage volume.

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Roberto Feo, Spain

306

fl Ultimo Grito, UK

306

MDF

29 2

• Modular 329 multifunctionaldesign • Upgradable

Modularbookshelf

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This du al-function boo kshelf and/or stor age unit is pared down to an essential modul ar component of a box frame and remo vable box 'drawer'. It is a simple, vers atile system th at can be expanded to meet the user's needs. It offers excellent stora ge capacity in relation to its footprint and can also do uble as a sc reen to divide a room .

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Giulio Polvara, Italy

30 9

Kartel/,Italy

318

ABS, lacquered polyurethane • Modularstarage system

34 1 329

Shelving and Storage Robostacker and Hola Hoop Traditionally manufacturers strive to serve specific mcrkets and, where poss ible, increase their market share. Jam are a design group focused on developing symbiotic relationships with manufacturers to explore whether their ready-made components can be adapted to create fresh products for new markets. The 'Robostacker', produced in 1997 in collaboration with Italian white-goods manufacturers Whirlpool, converts three stainless-steel washingmachine drums into a

storage unit. Developing the concept further, Jam created the Hola Hoop shelving using painted or stainless-steel-finished drums and glass sheets. Ready-made components can be obtained from pre-consumer (factory) or post-consumer (municipal or other waste-disposal centres) sources. Jam have liaised with other well-known manufacturers to produce flat-screen mobile coffee tables from components made by Sony. Reuse of manufactured components seems to offer endless

possibilities but does not absolve the designer from examining the green credentials of the original components and manufacturers' environmental commitments.

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307

Communications Ltd,

UK Jam with Whirlpool, UK/ Italy Stainlesssteel

30 7 295

• Reuse orre-application 327 ofready.made manufactured com ponents

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Shelving and Storage

Es Nine bee chwood rod s are inserted int o fou r plywood pan els and locked into place using plast ic rings. Grcic tests the boundaries of stabil ity wit h a de sign that wobbles yet doesn't fall over. His design appea rs to fly in the face of man 's desire to remo ve nature from t he process of manufacturing, be ing de liberate ly ma de to loo k naive and in a DIY style. The rods per m it t he s he lving to double as a coa t rack and clot hes sta nd.

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Konstantin Grcic, Germany Moormann Mobel, Germany Beechwood, plywood. plastic • Renewable materials, economically applied • Ease ofassembly/ disassembly

30 ] 32 0 283, 339 32 ] , 328

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Shelving and Storage Sten

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The Sten system of storage and shelving is a series of standard flat-pack components, which can be bolted together in a range of bespoke combinat ions. Shelving, uprights and storage-box panels are manufactured from untreated Scandinavian softwood from managed forests or IKEA's own woodlands. Coach screws and ties are used to fix the individual elements into a rigid structure and the assemble d unit can be eas ily disassemble d for reuse or recycling. The shelving is robust and capable of holding up to sookg (r.roo lb),

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IKEA, Sweden

3 '9

IKEA, Sweden

3 '9

Wood, steel

295, 339 327-9

• Renewable and recyclable materials • Low-energy manufacturingand assembly • Customizablejurniture

Shell Moulded aircraft-grade plywood, just 3mm (about '/8 inch) thick, is fixed with 3-D metal corner fixings to create a basic shell that can be fitted out internally as required with shelving and a clothes rail.A longitudinal hinge permits much better access to the contents than conventional wardrobes.

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Ubald Klug, France

308

Rothlisberger, Switzerland Plywood, metal

323

• Economyofmaterials usage • Low·energy manufacturing

295, 339 327, 328

ShelvingandStorage Eco ta ble/ sideboar d Jo ine ry skills are applied to th is tab le/s ideboa rd , which is made of 95 pe r ce nt Environ , a biocom posite, an d 5 pe r ce nt Durawood , an H DPE plastic lumbe r recyclate . These m ater ials co m pleme nt th e sim plicity of the design ele me nts a nd ec ho the style of classic Shaker furnit ure ma de from Amer ican hardwood s.

Hoov e r This lightweight war dro be feat ures stretc ha ble s ide panels, which provide extra capacity for those awkwardly s haped o bjects . Nz's m inim alist ph ilosoph y excludes extra neous det ail a nd incor po rates a red uction ist a pp roach to t he use of mat e rials.

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JorgBoner, N2, Switzerland sdbindustries, Netherlands Various

305

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• Economicaluse of materials • Greatercapacitythan traditionaldesigns

327, 328

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323

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GeorgeEttenheim, 306 Ettenheim Design, USA Ettehnelm Design, USA 306 Environ, Durawood

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• Recycled materials

278, 293 327

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IDRA award, ' 995

332

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Shelving and Storage

Italic could add extra components to expand their existing shelvin g.

There are just two components in this beautifully simple shelving system: bent steel rods whose ends are dipped in natural liquid gum to provide a good grip, and wooden shelves. Users

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Lorenz Wiegand, Germany Prototype

311

Steel, liquid gum, wood

28] , 295 32], 328

• Economy ofmaterials usage • Low-energyproduction

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Console and shelving system Bar + Knell demonst rate the versatility of recycled HDPE plastic board with this eclectic range of furniture. The message is unequivocal: waste is valuable and recycled waste extends the palette of materials for the designer.

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Bdr + Knell. Germany

304

One.affi. Blir+Knell, Germany Recycled plastic

30 4

• Recycled content

32 7

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Turris Compo nents include s helving and side pane ls of Fibe rbo nd Wallboar d ma de from recycled newsp ap e r a nd gyps um and rolled steel a ngles using 60 per ce nt-recycled stee l. The wheels th at allow th e shelves to be moved a re made from use d rubber con veyor-be lts.

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Shelfsystem 310

Smallbatch production Recycfedsteel,Fiberbond Wallboord, reused rubber • Recycfed andreused materials • Eosyassembly/ disassembly lORAaward, 1996

283, 295 327, 328

332

Lightweight mate rials commo nly use d for packagi ng ca n provide a viable altern at ive to 't raditiona l' s he lving mater ials s uch as stee l, alumi nium a nd woo d. These s he lves are const ructed us ing techn iques similar to those used to m anu fact ure mo ulded packaging fo r eggs and electro nic goo ds. Part of the cha llenge to de signe rs is to reappraise co nve ntional practice s and

test the s uita bility of m aterials, es pecially biocompos ites, fo r new a pplications.

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j asperStartup, Startup Design, UK Smallbatchproduction

310

Recycfed newspapers, reusedfruit trays • Recycfed materials • Reusedcomponents • Compostable lORA award, 1995

34' 327

332

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Multifunctional

A Col lection of Mammoth Pillows Anthropometries fixes the scale of human objects in th e home, but if you break the rules refresh ing new concepts can em erge. The humble pillow scaled up to 'mammoth' size become s a foldable sofa , an armchair for a corn er between walls, a mattress or a comfortable zone on which to relax.

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Judith Kant, graduate student 2000, Design Academy Eindhoven, Netherlands Prototype

307

Fumishingfabric,filler

285

• Multifunctional furniture

329

M uItifunctional

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Comm un ications furniture The time is right for a design revolution in the computer industry. Although the iMac revitalized the styling of computers, they st ill remain work ing machines des igned , primarily. for the formality of the office environment. San der de Klerk's characterfu l stool, remin isce nt of a Barbara

He pworth sculpture, is a fun , portable, wireless computer with a touch screen linked by an umbilical cord to the stool. The user can take th is charming object with him/her to the bathroom , kitchen or gar den . In the twenty-first century we should expect to see less of the grey pe rso nalities of existing pes and more machines that are rea lly useful even if they aren't even switched on! Here's a step in th e right d irection.

Table-into -chestof-drawers Wit h a simple action this s parse chest of drawers ca ntilevers gracefu llyout to fo rm an occas iona l ta ble. For t he Azumis this design reflects Japanese cultural needs where rooms are often mu ltifunct ional and futons and tab les are removed or reconfigured as required .

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ShinandTamaka

3°4

Azumi

Smallbatchproduction, 3°4 ShinandTamako Azum;

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295, 339 329

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.I mprovedfunctionolity 328, forcomputerhardware 329 • Designfor need

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Dia Adaptabilityand durability are the two primary prerequisites for furniture that is intended to survive the elements and robust use in the garden. This range offers a high degree of flexibility- the chair has an upright and a low position, the table height is adjustable and the su nbed has eight possible profile permutations . Polished stainless steel and strong fab ric, impregnated with waterproofing and UVsta bilized, ensure a long life. Thanks to these highquality materials, th is range of furniture is also suitable for indoor use and thus offers flexibility and dual-functiona lity.

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Gioia Meller Marcovicz, 30 8 UK ClassiCon, Germany 3'4 Stainlesssteel, waterproofedjUVstobilizedfabric • Durability, multifunctionality

29 0 -' , 295 329

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Thes e iden tica l interlocking plastic modules can be articulated and held in fixed pos itions by tighten ing the adjusting screws to configure a range offurnitu re fro m ta bles to chai rs, beds an d platforms as desired. This encourages the owner to experiment with his or her own concepts and offers flexible fu nctio nality.

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RetailPlace Ltd,UK

323

Plastic

28 3,

• Multifunctianality, easeofupgrading • Singlematerialta facilitate recycling

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Kaststoel The join ed halves of th is inter estin g seat/s he lf/ magazine rack amply demo nstrat e t he mu ltiplicity of uses to which a merged object ca n be put.

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Paulo Nerve,graduate student 2000, Design Academy Eindhoven, Netherlands Prototype

309

Polymer

282, 29 6-7 329

• Multifunctional furniture

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Nature Technology Symbios is As civil engineers us e plants to reinforce geotechn ical stru ct ures (bioengineer ing) , designers can use pla nts to strengthen thei r designs. Edwin Wa nnet believes that the sym bios is of tec hno logica l and living elem ents in th is 'living cabi net' raises ques tions a bout the types of produ cts that could be develo ped , prod uct -life expectations a nd emotiona l res po nse s.

Kokon Old wooden furniture is revived by covering it wit h a PVC-based coa ting. The o pportu nities to crea te quirky new cus tom furniture are legion but the tec hnique needs further refinement to find a substitute for PVC, who se envi ronm ental track reco rd is poor. How to isolate th e timb er of the reclaim ed furniture from intima te contact wit h the PVC and what to do with the item s at the en d of their lives are unanswered questions.

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Jurgen Bey, Droog Design, Netherlands LimitedbalCh production, Droog Design, Netherlands ReclaimedfUrnit ure, PVCcoating • Reuse ofready.made components

304 306

34 1 327

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Edwin Wannet, 311 graduate student, Design Academy Eindhoven, Netherlands Prototype Wood,glass, living 29\, plants 339 • MultiJunctionality 329 • Living, respiringobject

M uItifunctional :... Low Living Reviving maritime techniques and skills, such as spool knitting, creates st rong, rhythmic textures in this multifunctional range of Low Living products suitable as blankets, wraps or cushions . Turn down the heating and retreat to your cocoon!

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Connie Constansia, 3°5 graduatestudent 2000, Design Academy Eindhoven, Netherlands Prototypes

Wool

290-1

• Renewable materials

327

Po uffe Atemporary bed, suita ble for day-time lounging or use by an overnight guest, unfurls out of a pouffe, the exterior upholstery doub ling as a blanket.

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Erik Bakker,graduate student, Design Academy Eindhoven, Netherlands Prototype

3°4

Various text; es

290-1, 3°0- 1 329

• Multifunctionality

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Wave Two layers oHelt sa ndwich a layer of polyureth an e to create a flexible matting, which is curved a nd stiffened at o ne en d by cha nging the mix of elastomers in the PU. When not in use the mat ca n be wo und arou nd the form ed e nd . The result is a un ique o bject th at can be used as a m at, a recliner o r a cha ise long ue.

Hide-away Th is intrigu ing design invites the user to take out a book from th e s he lf, cran k the ha ndle to raise th e day-bed an d settle down for a goo d rea d.

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3°9

Prototype, sdb industries, Netherlands Aluminium, birch plvwood. polypropylene • Multifunctional furniture

323

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Martin Hoogendijk, Netherlands DMDjDroog Design, Netherlands Felt, palyurethane

3°7

306, 315 290-1 34 • Multifunctionalobject 329'

M uItifunctional Table lamp and table chair Dual-function design is pared down to its ultimate simplicity in Richard Hutten 's witty yet practical furniture. He demonstrates the same thoughtful economy, bordering on the austere, in the Table Lamp and Table Chair, pragmat ic and lovable designs which will be cherished.

MindtheG ap For those who liketo relax with a coffee and a magazine, ' Mind the Gap' is the only accessory required. It combines efficient dua l functionality with econom ical use of materials and imbues the combination with a cheeky persona. There's really no need to buy a table and a magazine rack ever again.

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EJUltimoGrito, Spain

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ELUltimoGrito, UK

30 6

Rubber, steel/alloy

28 3,

• Multifunctionality • Economyof materials usage

295 327, 329

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307

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Multifunctional Nomad For thos e who like nothing better than to lounge aro und o n a deep pile ca rpet here 's the ideal solut ion that avoids the use of all those unwanted big cushions while giving your

back a rest. Wa nde rs has meta phoric ally and literally elevated the st at us ofthe humb le carpet we ll above the tac ky examples of shagpile of the 1970 s.

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Marcel Wanders, Netherlands Cappellini SpA, Italy

311

Waal,metal

290-1 ,

3' 4

295

• Multifimctianalobject 329

Wire-frame reversible bench Insp ired by the technological achievements of supermar ket sh opping bas kets and 3D computer modelling, the Azumis we re able to create th is lightweight bench , which can be reversed to ma ke a cha ise longue or stacked with other benches to provide she lving.

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Nickel·platedorpowder- 295 coated steel • Multifunctionaldesign 329

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Rat chets on the a lloy frame pe rm it the sides of thi s a rmchai r to be lowered to suit the occupant and con vert the armchair to a chaise longue o r da y-bed . An excellent example of pract ical, mu ltifunct iona l furn iture .

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Alloy, padding.fobric • Multifunctionality • Inexpensive materials

290- 1, 295 329

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Miscellaneous Three and One-Half Minutes This lightwe ight screen encapsulates fragments of time in old processed film stock bou nd in an alum inium frame . Although the alumin ium is easil y recycled at t he end of the product's life, a qu est ion mar k hangs over the film stoc k im pregna ted with silver ha lides and othe r che mica ls. Will fut ure processes be

Carta Shiger u Ban creates st ruct ures with ca rd boa rd and s ucce eds in elevating th is hu mb le ma teria l to a new aesthetic leve l. His us e of ca rd boar d tub es in projects as d iverse as furnit ure , temporary hou sing for refuge es a nd buildings for comm unities reveals su perb understa nding of the capa bilities of the material.

devised to d issol ve and se pa rate the con stituents? In the meantime the screen represents an inge nio us way of sto ring t he non-recycla ble component. j am Design U{ 3°7

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Communications, UK jam Design U{ Communications, UK Aluminium, aldjilm stock • Recycled mole rials

3°7 295,

341 327

Cart a is a ran ge offurnit ure th at m akes minim al use of lowe m bodied-e ne rgy m aterials.

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Shigeru Bon,jopan

304

Coppellini SpA, Iloly

3'4

Cardboard

288-9

• Renewable materials • Economy ofmaterials usage • Recyclable

327

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"s::: Fasal corner jo int Fasal is a new ma ter ial consist ing of wood fibres, cornmeal and natural resins, which ca n be read ily moulded o r sprayed. It provides an alternative to non -renewable materials such as plastic polymers. Jacqueline And ringa has

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extend ed its usefulness by creat ing a un iversal corn er joint that locks any two o r more equa l-sized com ponents, o pen ing up op port unities in furn iture a nd product manufacturing an d tim ber-frame co nstructio n.

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Jacqueline Andringa, 30 4 graduate student, Design Academy Eindhoven, Netherlands Prototype Fasal

278

• Renewableand compostablematerial • Universaljointing system

327, 329

Fronta l Transparent plastic cush ions are stuffed with discarded sweet an d food wrappings, offering a graph ic reminder tha t 'We are what we eat'!

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AnthologieQuortett, Germany Robert A Wettstein, Germany Leother, steel • Recyclableand compostablematerials • Economyofmaterials usage • Low·energy manufacturing

Bdr« Knell, Germany

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30 4

One-off Plastics, plastic-coated papers • Encouragesrecycling • Low-energy manufacturingvia 'self-assembly' using locally sourced materials

283, 295 327, 329

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Miscellaneous Spiga Mimickingan ear of corn, this lightweight coat rack, made of seven thin, wave-shaped , plywood cutouts attac hed to a metal-rod frame, is an ideal resting place for coats, hats, umbrellas, bags, newspapers and more th roughout its ent ire length.

Hulsta 'Muvado' range Germany is undoubtedly one of the 'greenest' consumer markets in the European Union and Hulsta is a significant manufacturer of domest ic and officefurniture with a proven comm itment to environmental performance. It was one of the first compan ies to register to the quality assurance standard, ISO 9°01, and its entire product ion is certified unde r the Blue Angel eco-Iabel scheme. In collaboration with Danzer, a leading veneer compan y, Hulsta initiated the 'veneer passport ' guaranteeing that it does not originate from a tropical rainforest. Only four of their current ranges

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offurniture use solid wood, again not so urced from rainforests. Particleboard or MDF is the primary material. In-house designers app ly lifecycle analysis to extend the projected lifespan of products, of which most are already expected to last between thirty and forty years.

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318

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318

Veneers, salid wood, particleboard

278-80

• Renewable materials

327

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Ubald Klug, France

308

Rothlisberger, Switzerland Plywood,metal

32 3

• Economyofmaterials usage • Multifunctional

295. 339 327 , 329

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HutAb Aluminium fixings allow simple machined pieces of ash wood to articulate around a pivot to provide a multifunctional clothes and hat stand, drying rack or structure for suspending house plants. Low-energy requirements during production make this an efficientdesign at low cost.

Good Morning Miss Moneypenny Not all waste newspapers and magazines need to be man handled down to the nearest local aut hority recyclingpoint. Save those special editions and insert

them into a specially cut polypropylene tube to create an eclectic, customized hat and coat stand. EI Ultimo Grito wittilycreate a valid green design by combining recycled and recyclable materials with self-assembly. They revitalize the ' Heath Robinson' approach to invention and elevate recycling to a new art form. Tired with the current look? Simplyexchange the old papers with fresh, up-todate material.

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EIUltimo Grito, Spain

30 6

EJUltimo Grito, UK

30 6

Newsprint

34

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• Reuseof domesticwaste 327, • Low-energy 328 constructianand self assembly

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Konstantin Greic, 30 7 Germany Nils HolgerMoormann, 321 Germany Ashwood, aluminium 295, 339

• Multifunctionaldesign 327 , • Renewableand 329 recyclablematerials • Low-energy manufacturing

®

Miscellaneous Screen A sle nde r meta l fram e s upport s a we b of inte rwoven plast ic string. This lightweight sc ree n can be fabricate d from virgin o r recycled mat erials , doesn't

requi re s pecial ist m ac hinery to co ns truct and is easily d is ma ntled at the e nd of its life, when t he materials ca n be salvaged. Fabricatio n ca n ea sily be ada pte d to s uit locally available materials .

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Femandoand Humberto 3°5 Campana, Brazil One-oJflimited batch production Metal,plasticstring 283.

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• Economyof materials usage

•

295 327

Miscellaneous :...

Screens, various furniture Des igner-maker Jason Griffit h goe s by the vene rable title of ' underwoods man' . The a ncient craft of the unde rwoodsm an ca n be traced back five tho usa nd years in Europ e. Using a wide var iety of timber ta ken from nat ive or natur alized co ppice d t ree s (t hose deliberate ly cut to cause mu ltistem s) . he fas hion s eve rything fro m hazel hu rdles or screens to ta bles, benches an d chairs. The o utput of the underwoods ma n is su st ain ab le th anks to lowe nergy pro du ction techn iques based o n

manual labou r an d locally sourced wood as well as encouragement of the system of cop picing , which he lps maintain biod ive rsity.

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Jason Griffiths, UK

0

One.offsandsmall batl:h production

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Coppiced wood ofoak, ash, yew, sycamore, lime. alder. hazel.birch, willow, sweet chestnut • Renewable resources • Encourages conservation and biodiversity • Low-energyproduction

3°7

339. 341

327. 32 8 , 33°

Portable double bed Anyone who has m oved hous e know s tha t th e most cum bersome item is the doub le bed . Not so for t his s uperb exam ple. an enti re dou ble bed th at can be neatly ca rried in its own su itcase. Bucking t he t re nd for se lfas sembly furn iture to be flat. stylist icallyd rab and infuriatingly difficult to

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Peter Steinmannand Herbert 5chmid, 5witzerland AtelierAlinea, 5witzerland Beechwood, plywood. steel.rubber • Portable, self-assembly furniture • Economy of materials usage

310

312 2 8 3• 339 327 . 32 8

as sem ble, Steinmann an d Schm id have dev ised a con struction syste m

that is not only rapid to assem ble but also visually appea ling.

@

Coral, Polyp, Spores Moerel demonst rates the flexibility and hence the beauty of her raw material in this series of designs, which are inspired bythe same basic module, a ceramic sphere. Coral and Polyp are two variants for

unusua l pendant lights, while Spores are individual candleholders. Economy of scale is possible if largescale production can utilize different modular spheres to make a range of products.

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Bernini Fabricated from Tyvek, a HDPEfabric contain ing 25 per cent-recycled content , this flouncy chande lier illustrates the

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drapability of plastic fabrics. Water-based adhesives and the use of a single material facilitate later recycling.

Ruth McDermott and 30 4. Rina Bernabei, Australia 308 One-off Tyvek

301

• Portreeyclatefobric • Reeyclable lORAaward, 1996

327 332

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Marre Moere /, 308 Netherlands/ USA Smallbatch production

Clay

295

• Useofabundant materialsfrom the geosphere • Durable

329, 34 0

Quentin The designers were inspired by the complex forms offolded cardboard packaging and utilitarian products such as egg boxes. Working in collaboration with a local Glaswegian manufacturer, they sought to create a product utilizing pulp from recycled newsprint and paper-mill waste. An individual shade comprises two identical but mirrorimage halves. which are formed in a mould where the pulp is vacuumdrawn. These innovative lampshades are semiopaque, giving a unique

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IanCardnuffand 3" Hamid van Katen, VK'" C Partnership, UK Universal Pulp 325 Packaf(inf<, UK Newsprint. paperwaste 34' • Recycled and recyclable 327, materials 328 • Low-energy manufacturing

light outp ut. The shades can be deployed individually or in groups to form customized arrangements. At the end of its useful life the lampshade can be repulped ready for its next

reincarnation. Potentially this product can sit within a closed recyclingloop, ensuring maximum reuse of paper fibre and minimizing the ene rgy required to remanufacture the product.

®

Fish-lamp Drilling ho les in a standard pe nd ant lam p fitting ena bles th e brass s us pension arms to s up port the froste d glass pane , which acts as a d iffus er for t he downlighting s potlight.

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Mikala Naur, Denmark 30 9

0

Limitedbatch production Brass, glass

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• Recyclable materials • Economyofmaterials usage

295 327

Flirt Flirt is a redesigned ob ject using a plastic float mad e for co mmercia l fish ing net s to create a dram at ic lamp shad e with two d iffere nt lighting zones - a d iffuse zone from the body a nd a white cone from be nea th the sha de . An alumini um ' hat' is the on ly s pecia lly made part.

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Sergio Macchiani, Italy

0

Prototype

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Fishingflaats, aluminium • Use af ready·mades • Low·enetgy manufacturing

30 8

295, 34 1 327, 328

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Lampshade Lampshade

This reversible shade perm its a choice of two strong lighting direction s dep end ing upo n whether the reflector is uppe rmost (for down-light ing) or o n the unders ide (for uplighting). This eloquent desig n em bodies principles of minimal ism a nd du alfunctiona lity, both of which are very relevant to designs with reduced env ironmental load s.

Inte rlocking moulded forms of co rn-starch biopolymer fit togethe r to make th is o rgan ic sha ped lam ps hade . This prototype avoids the use of ad hesives , is recyclable and/or composta ble and demonstrates the potential of biopo lymers to replace non -renewa ble plastics.

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Brian Dougherty, USA

30 6

Prototype Corn-starchbiopolymer 282 • Renewable. compostable biopolymer /ORAaward, 1998

33°

332

Sebastian Bergne. UK

30 4

RadiusGmbH. Germany Steel

322

• Dualjunctiondesign • Economyof materia/s usage

327. 328

295

Efficient use of a single natural materia l creates a lampshade with sculptural characteristics, perm itting shafts of light and a warm glow to pe netrate the semiopaque natural plywood and creat ing a dramatic light source.

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JasperStartup, Startup Design,UK StartupDesign, UK

310

Plywood

339

• Renewablesingle material • Economyofmaterials usage • Low-energy manufacturing

32] , 328

310

M ilk-bottle light Since t he early ' 990S designers have responded to the challenge to cons ider their ethical res po nsibilities to the env ironment. In the Netherlands Tejo Remy explored the issue using discarded plas tic milk bott les and in the UKJane Atfie ld did the same with her Re p2 cha irs using recycled plastic sheeting. As a consequence the message - that modern design must use recycled materia ls - is eloquently delivered .

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Tejo Remy, Droog Design, Netherlands Droog DesignjDMD, Netherlands Discardedbottles

30 6, 3°9 30 6,

• Reuse of waste readvmodes

32 ]

35 ' 34'

-Northern Fleet chandelier Shards of broken glass are painsta king ly ass em bled into a cascade oflight in this un ique cha ndel ier. The jagged edges of the glass mak e a n exciting contrast with the sheer beauty of th e final form and the des ign gently mocks at the cut glass cha ndeliers of grand houses and public buildings. Qua lity, o ne-off de signs ma y enjo y lo ng lives, sin ce they may attract grea ter cu sto dia l care than run-of-the-m ill, massproduce d objects .

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Loop Distributed as a flat-pa ck pe nda nt shade or floor light, the Loop, made of polyprop ylen e, sim ply sn ap s toget her.

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RoySant, UK Roy Sant, UK

310 I

310

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Polypropylene

34 '

• Lightweight, recyclable 32 9 single material

DeborahThomas, UK

310

One-off Glass, wire

295

• Recycled materials

327

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Bogd an light Whereverthere is a power point let the re be light! With the 'sucke r' feet on the housing of this minimalist portable light you can attach it to any

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Erik Espmark, Sweden

Plastics, copperwire, brass • Multifunctionalit y

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Cape light

®

direct down-lighting for home-offi ce working and up-lighting for those romantic domes tic encounters.

) 30 6

Prototype

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The lightweight polypropylene structure is asse mbled by pushing toget her the steel studs . A swivelling head permits

smooth surface. Except for the bulb holder, all other parts are readily available fr,om existing manufacturers.

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28 3. 295 329

Stephen Philips, UK

3°9

Stephen Philips Design, UK Polypropylene, steel

309

• Dualfunctionallamp • Lightweight materials • Low-embodied energy oftramport

295, 34 1 328, 329

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'Come Back' se ries Plastic packaging waste is reinca rnated as a beauti ful series of shades for table, standard and pendant lamp s. The diversity of colou r of the original waste so urce is reflected in th e random, mosaic-like

arrangement in the manu factur ed sheeting th at is the base material for the shades .

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Bdr « Knell, Germany

304

0

Bopp Leuchten GmbH, Germany

313

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HDPEwaste • Kecyc'ea mat eflQ

34' 32 7

®

Flamp This wood en-bas ed table lamp is dipp ed in phosph ore scent coa ting so that it a bso rbs the e ne rgy fro m sunl ight and reradiates it for up to twenty minutes. An idea l 'e me rgency' light after sun set.

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Marti Guixt!, Spain

30]

Smallbatchproduction Phosphorescentpaint, wood • Solar-powerednonelectriclight

286-] • 29 8 329

Clips A sim ple stai nless-s tee l frame clips over a discard ed drink s ca n and supports a polyprop ylen e shade. As your favourite brand of dr ink changes you can dispose of the old one (at a can bank ) a nd insert a can that held the flavour of the mo nth.

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BernardVuarnesson, France Sculptures-jeux, France

311 323

Polypropylene, stainless 29 5. steel 34' • Encourages reuse of 32] readv-mades • Reduction inmaterials usage

Corkscrew/lamp Compl ex messages o riginate from this seemly simple design by Carl Clerkin. The candle set in the wine bottle is given a so ph isticate d turn as read y-made com po ne nts are clipped together, giving us a new look at th e phenom en o n of electricity. This design can enco mpass the who le social s pectrum, from wine buffs keen to im press with their em pty vintage bottles to cash -poor students.

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CarlClerkin, UK

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Smallbatch production

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Reused wine bottle, corkscrew,electrical components • Reused and readymade components • Easilydisassembled

30 5

341

32] . 328

---Hand (to Hold) This lam p generates s urreal mood lighting by combining a fam iliar read ymade, a rubbe r glove, with a 4W lam p unit.

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Table/floor lights Recycled car dboar d may ca rry a print message from its previous incarnation as packaging) Reuse of car d board in a new context, in this case a lamp, extends the life of th is otherwise tran sient raw material , which is just waiting to be recycled . In short, th is lamp is the temporary custodian of t he ca rdboa rd, which has its own life to be lived over and ove r aga in.

Ksenkja[urinec, Grupa Dizaj nera, Croatia Prototype

3°7

Recycledcardboard

34 '

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• Recycledmaterials

32 7

ct.

lORAaward, 1997

332

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Anette Hermann, Denmark Frandsen Lyskilde, Denmark Latex.lamp • Ready-made component • Renewable material

3°7 317 283, 341 327

Floor, Table and Miscellaneeus o

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LightWaliz A room d ivider mad e up of plastic flopp y-dis k cases o n a low-voltage (12V) wiring loo m pro vides a unique d ispla y for a range of se mitransparent pictu res and ca sts a patt ern of sha dows an d light.

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[ anne0 hre, Denmark

309

MOD, Denmark

320

Plasticdiskcases, aluminium profiles, wires, bulbs • Low-voltage lighting • Ready-made components

34

'

32] , 329

Lumalight lam p This family of free-standing lights , made of recycled paper, reveals that the use of recycled materials doe s not inhibit creativity. In the

hands of the right designer, the fad that the m aterials are obviou sly recycled is lost in the beauty of th e overall design.

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Roland Simm ons, USA

310

Inte1old, USA

318

Recycled paper

34 1

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• Recycledmaterials

32]

Q.

/ORA award, 1995

332

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e-light The e-light integrates a number of te chno logica l im prove ments over conventional desk lamps . The lifetime of the light ing filament is twen ty times grea ter than that of an incandescent bu lb and two to t hree times t hat of a fluo rescent bu lb and uses one-fifteenth as much mercury as t he latter. Crea ting a light s pect rum simi lar to da ylight , it is five tim es brig hter tha n a t un gsten bu lb. As th e e-Iight produces neg ligible t he rma l emissions, t he need for heat-res istant materials is s ignificantly red uced . Components ca n be eas ily separated, facilitating recycling and reuse . Reversi ble joints and compact des ign provide flexible lighting configurations and a s mall footprint.

Artemide SpA, Italy

312

Artemide SpA, Italy

312

Syntheticpolymers, lowvoltagelamp • Reduction inmaterials requiredin manufacturing • Lowenergy consumptionduring use • Easilyrepairedand disassembled DesignSense awards, Shortlist, '9 99

29 6-7, 341 32 7, 32 8

332

Floor, Table and Miscellaneous

Mini desk lam p

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Cand les an d paraffin lamps we re the port able light so urces usurped by th e inventi on of e lect ricity and t he t ungst en bulb. Yet e lectr icity tet he red lam ps to a fixed circu it and out put sockets. So it is refreshing to see t hat Frits Vink has reintroduce d us to th e bene fits of po rta ble lam ps. O binjo rec harges itself o n a base connected to th e mains su pply an d is therefore completely portable. With this we can wander from room to room without having to switc h o n a ny fixed lights.

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FriIsVink, Nelherlands

~

Sleel, plastic, electrical wiring • Reuse ofreadv-made components

Tu be The fam iliar fluorescent light gets the m inima list t reatm ent from Christ ian Deub er. A s lender synthetic tu be protects the light with steel - an d rubb er-footed closures , allowing the light to be placed wherever it is required . The use of fluoresce nt bulbs , in th is case S8W, which are much more efficient user s of en ergy t ha n incandescent so urces , ad ds to the versa tility of this prod uct.

311

Prototvp« Various • Portable, rechargeable, 32 9 multifunctionol lighting

PaulTopen, Designedl o 30 6 , a 'I',UK 311 Designed10 a 'I' , UK 306

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Christian Deuber, N2, Switzerland Palluco, Italy Fluorescenl lighl, steel, rubber • Mullifunctionallighl • Economy ofmaterials usage • Low energy consumption

30 6 , 30 9

321 283, 34 1 327, 328

34'

32 7

Good ideas are often recycled, but the Mini Des k La mp actually goes one ste p further by reusing part of an iconic design of the late '9Sos, British Leyland 's Austin Mini car designed by Alec Issigo nis. O riginal Aust in Mini pa rts for th e distinctive side lights a re reho used in a plast ic bod y, fitted with an autom atic o n/off t ilt switc h and painted in th e o riginal bod y pa intwor k co lours. The rebirth of a m ini Mini classic?

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Floor, Table and Miscellaneotls

POg810/1OC, 11 III C, 12/12C

In a clever ext rapolation of scale, the table lamp becomes a floor or standard lamp. These lightweight constructions combine visual stimulation and humour in an econom ical design.

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Pharos floor lamp The designer has succeeded in transform ing a garden cane with a cylindrical papyrus shade into an elegant, minimalist standard lamp. Natural variabilitywithin the papyrus paper creates a range of unique textures and light patte rns, mimicking the spu n-fibre shades of the '95 0S.

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JasperStartup,Startup Design, UK StartupDesign, UK

310 )10

Bamboo, papyrus paper

28 1

• Renewable materials • Low-energy manufacturing

)28

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MarcelWanders, Netherlands CappelliniSpA, Italy

) 14

Wire, polymer

29 6-7

• Economy ofmaterials usage

) 27

) 11

PO/ 99 0 2 C · D Framin g th e bulb not on ly focuses the viewer on th e light so urce but also provid es a protective package during distri but ion an d reta iling.

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Jeffrey Bernett, UK

304

Cappellin;SpA, Italy

314

Cardboard, lampholder 288-9, 341 • Economyof materials 32 7 usage

Soft Box Special clays are fashi on ed into dur able lightin g un its. Ceramics are tr aditi on ally used for bases for table lamps but he re the material forms the base an d th e shade.

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Marre Moerel, Netherlands Prototype

308

Earthenware, porcelain

295

• Abundant, inorganic materials

327

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Tablelamps

Post It lamp A strong cardboard tube with plastic end caps arrives through the post, the contents are extracted and within minutes it is asse mbled into a compact but functional table light. While not particularly robust , the Post It Lamp minimizes transport emissio ns and costs, as the packaging is used to form the lamp base. This is a neat idea that can be extended to other des ign applications.

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2pm Limited, UK

3' 2

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zpm Limited, UK

3' 2

Cardboard, plastic, paper,electrical

341

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Inexpensive extruded t ubes of 100 per cent-recycled HDPEare cleverly juxtaposed with another extruded compo nent to produce an eas ily asse mbled and att ractive

floor lamp. This is proof that the use of recyclates does not limit or stifle design. Indeed, it can be argued that the constraint of using only recyclates can generate creativity.

WojtekStachowicz, USA One-offs, smallbatch production Recycled HOPE

34'

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• Recycled materials

327

Q.

/ORAaward, ' 995

332

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3'0

comoonents

• Economyofmaterials 327 , usage 328 • Reductionin energy of transportandassembly

SailbuoyCanvas Four coloured filters can be fitted to the polypropylenepaper laminate shade to alter lighting mood. A wooden base is fitted with a lampholder for a lO-watt compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) , ensuring low energy consumption and heat outp ut.

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NeilWilson, UK

3"

Lampholder2000pIc, UK Polypropylene, paper, wood Multifunctionaltask or moodlighting

3'9 34' 329

Floor, Table and Miscellaneous

The Eyeof the Peacock Plastic bottles are sh redded and reconst ituted to form a fascinating melange of colour and texture, the original bottle tops and sealing rings further enhancing the texture and varietyofthis wallpanel. Illuminated from behind with fluorescent lighting, this wallpanel illustrates the capacityof new materialsto create a visualstimulu s.

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Table/floor lights Precision laser-cut Trupan MDF is combined with paper and steel rods with birch ball feet to create an intriguing form, which exposes all the unfinished raw materials. Economic al use of natu ral coloured materials illust rates the ability of such products to compete with more established lighting designs.

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BurgesZbryk, E+ Z Design,USA E+Z Design, USA

306, 311 306

MDF, paper, steel, birchwood • Renewableand recyclable materials lORAaward, 1997

295, 339 327 332

Bdr + Knell, Germany

30 4

One.off HDPEand LOPEbottles 34 1 • Recycled materials

327

Table lamp This little lamp recontextualizes banal, everyd ay objects such as cutlery into a new, revitalize d, sc ulpt ural form . Exam ining th e pot enti al uses of existi ng prod ucts has its rewar ds .

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Q. Lightcolumns Plast ic pac kaging waste offers a won derful palette of colour s an d gra ph ical shapes whe n recycled a nd recon st itu ted into thin , semi -op aqu e s heetin g. Suitabl e for one-off, s m all-

batch a nd high-volum e produc tion, t hese lon g cylinde rs of plast ic recyclate illumi nate d with fluorescent lamps create an eclectic ran ge of decorative light s.

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Biir+Knell,Gennany

Stichting Art Depot, Netherlands Smallbatchproduction

310

Reusedcutlery

34'

• Reusedobjects • Reducedenergyoj manuJacturing lORAaward, 1997

327, 328

30 4

One·off Discarded plastic packaging • Recycled materials

34' 327

332

---Valvestem candlestick This product is the culmination of researching local sou rces of suitable salvaged manufactured components available in sufficient quantities for large-scale production. The original design was driven by the availability of a stock of valve ste ms from diesel engines. Other com ponents were tested to see if theywould fulfi l the required functions of holding the candle and collecting wax. Valve lifter

Viva Borrowing from the Italian tradition of using readymades espoused byAchille Castiglioni and others, the designers took an existing folding umbrella, called Knirps, and converted it into a quirky, amus ing, folding light. Many other products await a similar process of reincarnation.

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Manuel Ribeira Bandeira de Vianna, Brazil,andFrancisco Gomez Paz, Argentina, DomusAcademy, Italy Pratotype

30 6

Reused umbrella

34 1

• Reuseofexisting product

327

springs proved particularly effectiveas candleholders and are eas ilycleaned of excess wax by bending the spring.

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R+r SustainableDesign, USA R+rSustainableDesign, USA Reusedvalvestemsand liftersprings • Reuse ofredundant ,~ manufactured components lORA award, ' 997

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309 309 34' 327

332

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Powerglas s" A sandwich of co nd uctive mate rial, which is com pletely tr an sp arent , is embedded betwee n layers of ordin ary glass . Single or mu ltilam inate conductive glass affords different power-carrying capacities, so thi s patented technology ca n be used a range of appli cations for light ing, switche s, e lectronic d is plays and so on , esp ecially for lowvoltage appli cat ion s.

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Gla, Platz, Germany

317

0

ClosPlatz. Germany

317

Transparent conductive material, glass • Transparentelectrical conductor

295

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329

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Delight Th is decorative wa ll panel doubles up as a wall lam p. Th e se ductive ambience of the ligh t is prov ided by t he co lo ured s hade of s ilicon. Individua l un its can be pa ired to create dist inctive floor lam ps.

Wall bracket

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Adrien Gardere, France

30 6

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Ligne Roset, France

319

•

Silicon, electronics, lamp • Multifunctiona/ity

341

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329

Stripped down to its ba re essentia ls, t his wa ll bracket represents an eco no m ical de sign . The elect ro nic ballast a nd co mp act fluores cent lamp (CFL) holder s it o n a s im ple presse d-me tal bracket to which a curved s heet of po lypro pylene is atta ched.

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Lompholder2000 pIc,

319

UK

Lompholder 2000 pic,

319

UK

Metol, polypropylene • Economyofmaterials usage • Low·energylighting

295, 34 ' 327 , 329

--Helmut This tough, co lourful outdoor lam p reveals its origins from th e differe nt colou red fraction s of H DPE recycled plastics th at are recon stit uted in this inte resting de sig n, which shows off the ir innate character istics to ma ximum effect.

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Bar + Knell, Germany

30 4

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Bopp Leuchten GmbH, Germany Recycled plastic

31 3

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• Recycledcontent

283, 295 32]

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Moo nlight M FL A robust, weatherproof, se m i-translucent, polyeth ylene material is moulded in four sizes and fitted with d ifferent sockets to ena ble t he low-watt age lamps (5-23watt s) to be fixed into the ea rth or used on hard surfa ces . Feel a

mood swing com ing o n ? Simpl y cha nge the co loured bulb filter, choos ing from up to 250 colours . Moonl ight MFL is a versa tile, low-energy , 'm ood and colour', indoor{o utdo or lighting system.

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Moonlight Aussenleuchten, Germany Moonlight Aussenleuchten, Germany Polyethylene

320

• Multifunctional lighting • Lowenergy consumption

329

320

34 1

Pod Lens Most lighting is static, irredeemably rooted to the electric cabling built into the fabric of the building. Pod Lens is a modular system of a polycarbonate pod unit with bulb and flex and a series of bases for standard or floor lighting. For indoor or outdoor use, the 'pods provide for flexible and decorative lighting at the whim of the user.

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Outdoor light Plastic recyclate feedstock was worked by rotational moulding to create a tough, translucent, granitelike textured shade. Special fittings were developed to take advantage of the energy savings of com pact fluorescent light bulbs.

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RossLovegrave, UK

30 8

Luceplan, Italy

320

Polycarbonates, electricalcomponents • Multifunctional lighting system • Upgradabilityand repairability

29 6-7 329

Meta Moif, Inc., USA

320

Meta Moif, Inc., USA

320

Recycled plastic, 34' aluminiumscrap, regard steel • Recycled materials 327 , • Low-energylighting 329 system lORAaward, 1997

332

Solar Bud A photovoltaic panel generates energy from sunlight, stores it in a battery and releases it to three low-voltage, red LEDs , all in a selfcontained unit, which is placed in the desired position by pushing it into the soil or other suitable medium. Ideal for garden decorative or

safety lighting, the Solar Bud would also be at home in the window box of an urban bedsitter.

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Ross Lovegrave, UK

3°8

Luceplan, Italy

320

Metals, photovoltaics 295 andlightemittingdiodes (LEDs) • Solar-poweredlighting 329 • Very low-energyLED bulbs

-Tsola Most outd oor, solarpowered lights are aboveground installations, which makes them vulnerable to the elements, accidental damage and vandalism. Tsola is designed to be installed flush with the ground and can be walked or driven upon without damage. This lowmaintenance light is equipped with a timer that automatically switches the light off in extended hours of darkness to conserve the stored energy in the battery.

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324 324

295

329

Outdoor light Proving that form and function are not compromised by using recyclates, this outdoor light fitting is made from 60 per cent-recycled glass blasting beads. Its curvaceous form reveals an inner glow suita ble for security and decorative outdoor lighting.

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295

• Economyofmaterials usage andenergy consumption iFDesignAward. 2 0 0 0

327

332

Freeplay flashlight

EON Applications with LED lighting technology encourage economical use of materials, none more so than this credit card-sized torch made of stainless steel in a recyclable cas ing.

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Aladdin Power Generating electricity by using a hand-wound generator is not a new idea. The Russian army has supp lied its conscripts with a robust, hand-powered torch since the ' 940S and plastic-bodied, handcranked torches have been available since the 1970s. But Nisso Engineering's design uses lighter, modern materials to improve the efficiency of the design and possibly make this an attractive opt ion for powering other hand-held electronics such as mobile phones . However, these handcranked torches do not permit anyenergy sto rage in a battery or in a wind-up mechan ism as featured in Freeplay Energy's products.

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NissaEngineering, Japan Nissa Engineering, Japan Polymers, electronic components, dynamo • Renewableenergy source • Reduces waste (battery) production

321 321 296-7 327, 328

Freeplay EnergyEurope, UK Freeplay EnergyEurope, UK Plastics, rechargeable battery, electronic components • Human-powered light • Avoidance of hazardous consumables

317 317 296-7

329

Manufacturers of the renowned Freeplay wind-up radios have extended their product range with this hand-powered torch. The design represents a significant improvement on the inexpensive but fairly useless sma ll torches produced since the ' 970s, in which squeezing a lever by hand gene rates a feeble and rather wobblylight. Nowa few minutes' cranking produces a steady, reliable light sou rce without the need to consume lots of toxic batteries.

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HeddaBesse, IDEO Product Development for BPSoiar International, UK BPSolarInternational, UK Photovoltaic cells, po/ycarbonate,stainless steel • Solarpower

A photovolt aic panel cha rges t he batt e ry, wh ich can provide up to four hours' light from one charge. The la m p is robus t and portable and operates in extreme temperat ure s.

SL-Torch

Sol aris™ lantern

An 80 per ce nt red uct ion in mat erials usage is ac hieved by m aking th e batt e ry into th e han dle in t his nea t torch design. Insert th e batt ery into a hou sing, which holds t he bu lb, a nd twist to tu rn on th e to rch.

Two hour s of s un provide o ne hou r of light fo r this lant ern , which is capab le of fun ction ing at -3°'( (-20' F) and a ltitudes in excess of 7,000 metres (23,000 feet). Fully cha rged, th e NiMH battery , which is free of m ercu ry, cad m ium and lead , will provide light for six hours, but if the batt ery discha rges go per ce nt of its ca pacity a low-voltage disconn ect is auto matically triggered . This saves batt e ry life and ens ures it will last for up to a th o usand recharges .

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AntoineCohen, Les Ateliers du Nord, Switzerland Leclonche, Switzerland

3°5

Battery, bulb, plastic

341

• Reduction inmaterials usage

328

319

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As the process of sh rinking the compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) continues, Philips have developed a matt-glass, candle-shaped bulb with an E-14thread. This encourages use of CFLs in a wider range of light fittings and so can help save energy. Available in 6W, 9W and ll W, the lamps are manufactured with a minimal amount of mercury and lead and have a projected lifesp an of six years or so.

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Philips Lighting av, Netherlands Philips Lighting av, Netherlands Glass, metalsincluding mercury and lead • Encouraging energy conservation iFEcology Design Award, 2000

309 309 295 329 332

Lampholder 2000

Mini-LynxAmbience Although th is CFLlooks like a conventional incandescent bulb and is of the same size, it uses 8 0 per cent less energy. Making CFLs this size has

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Sylvania Design Team, UK SLILighting. UK

310 324

Glass, elea ronic ballast, 295 plastic • Low energy 329 consumption

been a considerable challenge, since the electronic ballast and convoluted fluorescent tubes produce bulbs that often protrude beyond conventiona l light fittings. Sylvania have extended the market reach by shrinking a standard CFLinto the recognizable shape of an incandescent bulb and offering the bulb in white and, unusually, apricot and rose.

Compact fluorescent lamp s (CFLs) with standard bayonet fixi ngs include their own electronic ballast to 'kick-start' the light. Lampholder 200 0 is a light fitting (in pendant, battenholder, flush-mounted or down-light formats) with an integral electronic ballast suitable for direct usage offour-pinconnector CFLs. After three changes of a fou r-pin CFLit is more cost-effective than the standa rd bayonet CFL and reduces materials usage in production.

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Lampholder 2000 pic, UK Lompholder 200 0 pic, UK Various

319 319

• Energy conservation 329 • Reduction of materials usage

.. Philips Ecotone Amb iance Although compact fluorescent lamps consume up to 80 per cent less energy than incandescent tungste n bulbs, the early CFLdesigns included a Usha ped tube, which often protruded when used in conventional fittings. Philips have created a satisfying comprom ise by reshaping the CFLto conventional lines and size, while still accomm odating the electronic ballast in the base. Bulbs to SW, gWor llW outp ut are to the same basic design. The on ly

downside of this energyeffi cient story is that sma ll amounts of mercury are required to man ufacture each lamp.

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Fons Boohm ond Patrick vande voorde, Philips UghtingBV, Netherlands Philips Lighting BV, Netherlands Glass, plastics, electronics,mercury . Low energy consumption -More universalshape [orstandardjittings .Longlife

309 , 311

3°9 283, 295 329

LED®DecorL ED Li ght emitting diodes (LEOs) operate on low voltages and are very efficient. Ledtronics offers a range of sta ndard Edison base-fitting AClight bulbs in pear, globular and spot shapes . A bulb fitted with 17 LEOs provides fullspectru m white light equivalent to the illumination provided by a 2s-watt conventional' tungsten bulb but consumes only 1.7 watts. Typically these LEDbulbs generate very little heat, 3.4BTUsfhr, compared with 8SBTUsfhr for an equivalent tungsten bulb. Aside from offering huge energy savings, LEO s last up to ten times longer than CFLs and 133 times longer than tungs ten bulbs.

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Ledtronics, USA

319

Ledtronics, USA

319

LEOs, metal, glass

295

• Reductioninenergy consumption • Extendedlifespan

329

Food Preparation iChef Induction technology uses magnetic fields to transfer heat from a wire co il, generated by electrical energy, into the contents of a cooking vessel. Alm os t 95 per ce nt of t he electr ical e ne rgy is con vert ed into heat, wh ich is cla ime d to be five times m ore

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Induced Energy, UK

318

Induced Energy, UK

318

Metal, glass

295

• Improvedenergy efficiency andsafety

329

efficient than a gas ring and significantly faster than a co nventional e lect ric hotplate. Glass is used to se para te the wire coil from the coo king pan o r kettle but , as all the heat is transferred to th e vessel, the glas s to p remai ns coo l, providing a sa fety adva nta ge ove r conventiona l cookers. Precise tem pe ratures can be selected by us ing a digital display .

Aga Aga-Rayburn cookers are a symbol of du rable, clas sic design with over half a million units su pplied to the UK an d exported worldwide . 'Agas' , as they are fond ly known , have been made near the iron making town ofTe lford , Shrops hire, since the beginning of t he Ind ust rial Revolut ion. Indeed, the Coa lbrook da le foun dry, which supplies castings for the cooker, ma de sections of the world's first iron bridge in 1779 at Ironbr idge . Scrap and pig iron are the raw ingred ie nts to create the handmade cast iron sections that form the basic co m po nents of the cooker. Poor -qua lity cas tings a re simp ly recycled. O riginally a solid-fue l cooker, t he Aga-Rayburn has been im proved over the years

to accept oil, natu ral or propane gas o r off-peak electricity, and since the '940S also ca n provide do mestic hot water an d central heating needs. Agas are a coveted status symbol in any dom es tic kitchen, re present ing 'good m iddleclass taste'. The re may be more en ergy-efficie nt designs on th e market but few can ma tc h the lifes pa n

of a n Aga, which, of co urse , can be refurbis hed an d/or reca st in the future .

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DrGustafDalen, Swedishphysicist, '92 05 Ago·Rayburn, UK 312 Cast;ron

295

• Recycled andrecyclable 327, materials 329 • Durability

Food Preparation

Solar cooker Cardboard co ate d with a specia l reflective surface focuses the sun's energy on to a dar k-colou red cook ing pot. In subtro pical an d tropical regions it is possible to save the equivalent of 30 pe r cent of the annua l firewood consum ptio n of a typical hou sehold us ing th is cooker . This device provides peop le in the

developing world who face fuel wood shortages with the means to ster ilize water and have hot food.

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BernardKerrand Pejack 3°4 Campbell, USA SolarCookers 32 4 lntemationai, USA Cardboard, reflectivefail 34 1 • Passive solar power

32 9

Cafe Duo HD 1740/42, Cuci na Duo This slimline one- or twocup coffee maker com bines aes the tic flair with Philips's high eco-stan dar ds. Inline dr ip filters a re ea sily removed from the to p, the pro duct in stand-by mode does not consume an y electr icity and all parts are marked for recycling.

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Philips Design, Netherlands Philips Electronics BV, Netherlands Metal, thermoplastic, electricalcomponents • Energyefficient • Designf ordisassembly and recycling iFDesign Award, 2 000

3°9 32 2 34 1 32 8 , 32 9 332

Food Preparation Glass kett le, glass toaster, microclimate Stefano Mazzano, dire ctor of des ign at Philips Elect ronics, coordinated a project whose tas k was to con sider the iss ue of 'an ony m ity in des ign'. In th e ultra -compet itive mar ketpla ce for electronic products, often it is only the bra nd name that iden tifies t he produ ct, alt hough compan ies s uch as Apple Computers have con sistently demonstrated that eyecatching aesthetics with product performance will always ca pt ure market atte nt ion. Con su m er surveys con ducted by Philips indicat ed t hat functionality is not the only criterion on wh ich purchases are made.

Products are purc hased because they reflect so meth ing of the consumer's personality. This fact was we ll established in the m id1990S an d is catered for by th e Philips-Aless i ran ge of products dat ing from th at time on . The challenge is still to reengage consumers and enc ourage them to re-

new approach . The challenge is st ill to reengage consumers and enc ou rage the m to reexamine kitche n appliances .

exami ne kitchen applia nces . Philips see a vita l combin ation of enhanced funct iona lity, greater application of digital technology and inclusion of mo re ' personality' into futur e app liances. The Glass Kettle, Glass Toaste r and Microclim ate are conceptual prototypes that str ive to reflect this

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Philips ElectronicsBV, Netherlands Conceptualprototypes

322

Glass, plastics, electronics • Improvedenergy performanceanduser functionality • Potentialincrease in longevity

295 329

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Cleaning POLTI EcoiogicoAS81O Rondo All components of th is hand- he ld sprayer can be separated for repa ir and recycling. This facility also means that customers ca n choose th e colour and

For those who suffe r from asthma th is vacuum cleaner is a boon . Its wate rbased filtration system removes 99. 99 per cent of dust up to 0-3 microns including pollen , dust-mite faeces and cigarette smoke. Paper bags are replaced with a removable water filter, which is emptied after use and has an approximate lifetime of six months .

finis h of the central 0 .75litre-capacity [i .j-pint} ball. An adjustable nozzle and pump pres sur es up to 3 bar m ake th is a funct ional clea ning too l.

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BE5T, Burofiir Produktgestaltung. Germany Gloria-Werke, H. 5chulte-Frankenfeld, Germany Various polymers and metals • Recyclable components

304

317

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295-7 327

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Karcher 670 M This product incorporates many des ign features that will become standard practice for manufacturers who have a responsible attitude to the environment. Metal and plastic components are

discrete and easi ly separated, the latter be ing mainly ASS and PA, which are recyclable . The manufacturer guarantees to take back the product when its useful life is over. The or iginal cardboard packaging is kept to a minimum, the manual is printed on recycled paper and the machine is virtually maintenance-free.

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Teams Design, Germany Alfred Karcher GmbH, Germany recyclable plastics. metals • Designfor disassembly, maintenance-free • Manufacturertakes bockproduct at endof itslife • Minimal-packaging efficiency

310 312 295-7 327. 328• 330

Polti,ltaly

322

Polti,ltaly

322

Various plastics, metals

295-7

• Reduction inuseof consumables • Improved health environment

328. 329

Cleaning Dyson Dual Cyclone range Hoover and other ma jor manufacturers of vacuum cleaners watched their global market share decrease as James Dyson 's bagless version , using two ultra -fast spinning centrifugal chambers, grabbed a significant market share in the 1990 S. Unlike conventional cleaners, in which suction decreases as filters and bags become full, the cyclone syste m maintains 100 pe r ce nt suction and the trou blesome task of removing a full bag is replaced with emptyi ng th e contents of the ma in cha mber. The or igina l Dyson Dua l Cyclone was introduced to t he UK in 1986 but d idn't find commercial success until 1993, when the DC0 2 became the best-selling upright cleaner. Dyson Appliances now produce a range of upr ight and horizontal vacuum cleaners and the cyclone system has been establ ished worldwide as other manufacturers int rod uced similar

POlTI Vaporetto 2400 Super-heated steam is an effective agent in cleaning and sterilizing carpets, mattresses and upholstery, which obviates the need to use strong and/or to xic chemical cleaners . Steam is also a safer method than insecticides of killing dust mites an d other insects. Tap wate r is heated in a pressurized steel con tain er and dispersed via the o ut let hose, wh ich ca n be fitted ' with a ra nge of brush es a nd hose-ends .

machines to their existing ranges. Today the principle of centrifugal vacuum design is well established, eliminating the wastage of vast quantities of paper bags .

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James Dyson and Dyson 306 Appliances, UK Dyson Appliances, UK 315

Plastics, motor, electrics • Avoidsuseof consumables (paper bags) • Improvedefficiency withgreatere/eanliness and health • Designforeasy maintenance

283, 295 327

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Polti, Italy

322

Polti, Italy

322

Variousplastics, stainlesssteel • Reduction in useof consumables • Improvedhealth

283, 295 327

environment

Cleaning Oko-Lavarnat 86720** Combine advanced rinse technology (ART) with Fuzzy-Logic microprocessors in an Oko-Lavarnat body and one is close to defining one of the world's most efficient washing machines . Five kg (11 Ib) of dirty cotton laundry washed at a 60·C (140· F) cycle require only 39 litres (8 gals) of water and 0.89 kWh of electricity, placing model 86720 in the EU's Energy Label highestefficiency 'A' class and well within the EU Eco-Iabel thresholds. Water quantity, wash temperature and cycletime are controlled by the microp rocessor, which can be upgraded as new detergents and other washing aids are developed.

Titan

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AEG, Germany

312

AEG, Germany

312

Steel, metals, rubber, electronics, motorand pump • Energy and water conservation

28 3,

Ever thought of putting your laund ry basket inside your washing machine? This is the solution developed by Monotub Industries, which designed a laundrytub that is inserted at an angle into the machine. Water is delivered from stainlesssteel jets em bedded into the walls of the tub, whose load capacity is 40 per cent higher tha n average machines. With its wideopening doo r and pushbutton control panel using familiar symbols and icons, the Titan meets EU 'A' ratings for wash performance and energy efficiency.

295 329, 330

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295, 34 1 329 , 330

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Hoov e r Quattro Whis per Easy Logic

mode lAliajo In 1993 Hoover became the first man ufacturer of washing machines to be awarded the EU Eco-label, which sets t hres ho ld values of 0 .23kWh/kg for ene rgy usage and 15 litres of water per kilogra m (l.s gais/l b) of la und ry, with its New Wave ra nge of m achin e s. The co m pa ny has stea dily built on its repu tat io n for efficient machines 'A' rated und er th e EU Energy Label. The curr ent range includes the Qu attro Whisper Easy Logic system , which uses so und-a bso rbing panel s an d im proved s us pe ns ion to redu ce op erat io nal noise. A Powerjet s pray

system and large r than average drum facilitate wash move men t, ensu ring that a Skg (11Ib) loa d takes only 4 9 litres (io.Sg als) of wate r.

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318

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steel, plastics, electric pump and motor Various

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Low energyand water consumption

329. 330

•

295

Staber System 2 0 0 0 Bucking the trend for horizontal-axis-driven fron tload ing was hing machines, the Staber System 2000 offers a to p-loaded machine into wh ich the stain less-steel bas ket of laund ry is int roduced . Energy-sa ving feat ures include the use of a var iable-s pee d mo tor . Easy acces s to th e intern al com po nents ca n be gained by lifting the front pan el and fitting a se lf-clea ning filter, th us facilitating

ma intena nce. The manufactu rers claim red uced e nergy, water a nd det ergent consumption.

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Staberlndustries, USA

324

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StoberIndustries, USA

324

Stainlesssteel, steel, resin and various other materials • Energyand water

284,

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conservation • Energyefficientto EnergyStarguidelines

295 33°

Cooling

OZ2 3 Curvy lines and a ' rollerba ll' foo t to the doo r give better access than con ventiona l fridge -freezers to the co ld sto rage and freeze r spa ces , which here have a cap acity of 211 litre s (46 gallon s) . Atte ntio n to detail is evident in th e use of' CFCfree ' isob utan e R60 0A co olant and cyclo pentane insu lation, which redu ce th e imp act of harmful aer ial em iss ions; in the EU Energy Label 'A' rat ing for appl ian ce s; a nd in the low noise level of th e compressor mot or , which hum s a long at a q uiet 38dbA. Wheth er th is model has greater longevity tha n oth er current models and is eas y to main tain and

Planet DC This DC refrigerat or / freeze r of O.33CU m (11 .6cu ft) capacity, o pe rates from 12V or 24V an d can be s usta ined with a ny s m all, domestic, rene wable energy syst em usin g deepcycle batteries, for .exarnple, a photovoltaic modu le cap able of ge ne rating 150W.

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repa ir rem ain to be seen but an appliance with su ch personality mig ht just rece ive a bit more car e and attention from the owner. The e nd-of-life sc e nario is a lso im po rtant - will Electr olu x Zanu ssi be taking the se back?

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Roberto Pezzetta, 309 Luciano Pesavento, Zanussi Industrial Design Centre, Italy f /eetrolux Zanussi, Italy 3' 5 Various

• Improvedfunctionality 329 • f nergy efficient

Planet, USA

322

Planet, USA

32 2

Various

• Low-voltagedevicefor domesticrenewableenergysystems

329

Cooling Supercool' " Traditional refrigerant manufacturing involves the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs, HCFCs) as coolants but Supercool AS have exploited the Peltier effect of a doped bismuth telluride thermocouple , which avoids using any of the ozone-depleting gases . Athermoelect ric panel operated on a low-voltage

system (l2V, Z4V) consumes a modest lOW to provide sufficient cooling for a small hotel minibar. A further advantage is that the mechanism operates silently, unlikethe familiar hum of conventional coolant systems .

Supercool' box A panel of thermocouples of doped bismuth telluride is capable of pump ing heat and provides the cooling for this transportable refrigeration box suitable for commercial or domestic use at l2Vor 24V.

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Thermoelectricmodule, 34 ' bismuth telluride, plastic • Reductioninenergy 329 , consumption 34 0 • Non-toxic refrigeration systemJreeof CFCsor HCFCs

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Supercool AB, Sweden

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Vestfrost BK350 Vestfrost is one of the world's largest manufactu rers of refrigerators and freezers and took an early lead in showing environmenta l responsibilityby removing all CFCsand HFCs from its model range in ' 993.

Using the alterrnative 'Greenfreeze' refrigerants, Vestfrost remains the only manufacturer in Europe holding the EU Eco-Iabel for this category of app liances.

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308

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325

Metal, plastics, rubber, electric motorand compressor • Lowenetgy consumption • Clean production

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Thermoelectricmodule, 341 bismuthtelluride, plastic • Reduction in enetgy 329 , consumption 340 • Non-toxic refrigeration systemJreeof CFCsor HCFCs

Sycamore fan Ins piration for the form of th is mono-blade fan cam e from the humble winged seed s of the sycamo re tree . This organic design uses recycled PET to create a lightwe ight blade that is e ne rgy efficient an d quiet.

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DannyGasser. Michael Hart, Ben Sheperdand QuisinhTran, Australia Limited batch production Recycled PET

306

34 1

Soft fan

• Recycledmaterials • Reductioninenergy consumption /ORAaward, '9 97

327, 329

Resembling a wilted flower, the sta tionary fan com es to life as the electric mot or builds up speed and centrifuga l forces unfu rl th e fabric 'blades '. Once fully taut, the blades produce a whorl of colour and generate a wide-a ngle bree ze . Unlike conv entional meta l- or plastic-bladed fans , the Soft Fan requires no guard .

332

Wind In the Ind ust rial Revolution iron and steel usurped natural materi als, so it is refreshing to see the process cleverly reversed in t he ho using of th is electri c fan, in which woven ratta n replaces the con vent ional pressed she et steel or plastic. At the sa me time th e fan is transformed

from an object of cold function alism to one of playful cha racter. Most of the m aterials can be recycled o r co mposted .

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JasperStartup, Startup Design, UK Getvasonl SpA, Italy

310 317

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281, 295 • Recyclableand 327, composlablematerials 330

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Paul Priestman in collaborationwiththe Aeronautics Department, Imperial College, London, UK Prototype

Fabric, plastic, electric

309

283, 290-1 • Reduction inmaterials 327 usage over conventionaldesigns motor

Felt1 2 x12 Be your own fashion des igner using Fo rtunecookies's felt squares backed with Velcro: assemble a jacket, trousers , wedding d ress or any other ga rment in yo ur own personal ized style. Bo red with the look? Deconstruct your design an d sta rt aga in. Fas hio n is placed back in the ha nds of th e consumer.

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TEN CEL® fashion garments Three inte rnatio na lly re nowned des igners revea l the versa tility of a manmade fibre usi ng natural cellulose der ived from managed forests . TENCEL" is from renewable resources and is manufactured in a c1osedloop clean production process. With goo d dra pa bility a nd a wide choice of surface finishes and weaves. TENCEL" fabr ics offer the convenience and feel of modern synthetics and have a redu ced im pact on the environment. All this is proof that today's levels of comfort and style ca n be mai ntai ned without sacrificing t he environment. TENCEL'" is one of the modern success storie s of the glob al textile industry.

HussainChalayan, AmayaArzuaga, GaspardYurkievich, Preta Porter Various

309 .

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10939 wedding dres s Hess Naturtextil ien examined how the eco efficiency of a typical wedd ing dress could be improved , bearing in mind the extravagance of using su ch a dress for a single day only. The ir solution is to make a dress using 40 per cent woven hem p with 60 per cent silk with an organic cotton undergarment and lace. Manufacturing processes dramatically red uce che mical treatments and wate r co nsu mption. For the first year of its life the dress is le nt to a se ries of happ y brides, th ereaft er it is made ava ilable for pur ch ase. Hydrocarb on

dry-cleaning repl aces the traditiona l cocktai l of volatile chem icals in between loans . And with luck the dress will be further reu sed by the bride's friends an d relatives befo re being recycled via textile reclaimers.

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318

• Hire ratherthan ownership • Renewablematerials • Clean production Design Senseawards, Shortlist, 1999

327, 328

318 291

332

Levis Engine ered Jeans Jeans are firmly rooted in popular cu lture an d have bee n the workwear ga rm ent of choice for m illions over the last century. Cott on fibre has bee n the favo ured raw m aterial for all jean s ma nufacturers but cotton fab rics carry a significant raft of e nvironme ntal burd ens from pesti cide applications and ot her to xic agents used in the textile production process . Today Levi Strauss, one of the wo rld's largest clothing manufactu rers, uses a special nat ura l ce llulosebased ,low-environmenta lim pact fibre ca lled TENCEL® for its new line of Levis Engineered Jeans .

New Nomads Out of the Vision for th e Futur e project o riginated by Philips in ' 997 emerged a co llection of se venty pro totype s includ ing a

range of New Nomad s wearable clothing and ob jects for the IT age. Cent ral to the co nce pt of being ab le to wa nde r a round like a no mad while remaining co nnecte d to the informatio n superhighway was the need to recharge equipment. Hen ce a mult ipocketed waistcoat becomes a rech arging station for han dheld electron ic eq uipment, as an att ached so lar panel sto res ene rgy in slim, lightwe ight batteries.

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30 9

• Solar-powered

329

wearablegenerator • Reductionin battery consumption

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319

LeviStrauss, Inc., USA

319

TENCELe

29

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• Renewable, 327 campostable materials • Clean production

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Sen sor s po rtswear Toda y's fascina tions with fashion and electronic technology find a meeting po int in these prototype garments by Philips Des ign/Ph ilips Research . Street-cred den im is embedded with an audio system in Audio Streetwear and in-flight communications are integrated into the stretch woo l lmagina ir-Airline Workwear outfits for cab in crew . Sensor Sportswea r includ es e lectro nics to monitor bod ily functions, while s nowboarde rs intent o n go ing off-piste ca n do

so in the know ledge that th e in-built global po sition ing satell ite will stop them from gett ing lost. Water and electronics don 't genera lly mix, so presumably the electronic elements can be detached before the clothing is consigned to the laundry bin.

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Philips Design/Philips Research, Netherlands Protatype

309

Textiles, electronics

29 1

• Improvedfunctionality 329

refreshin g to see new talent exami ning the pot ential of 3-D techniques su ch as knitt ing to create ga rme nts that litera lly em brace the female form . Perh ap s the days of the Won de rbra a re nu m bered.

Titsh irt The scu lpt ura l designs of the likes of Issey Miyake are well known as a source of ins piratio n. So it is

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Marije Vogelzang, 311 graduatestudent 2000, Design Academy Eindhoven,Netherlands Prototype Yarn

290- 1

• Exploring more comfortable clothing

329

Footwear

Wool felt slippers A single piece of thick, 100 per cent-wool felt is wrapped around the foot and fastened with Velcrotape to form a comfortable slipper.

Eurocomfort...with an edgel'" Deep Ee is a manufacturer of casual footwear with a policyof using environmentally and socially responsible materials. Part of the Brazilia collection, Euro comfort...with an edge!' '' are durable slip-on casuals made from Sustana" leather and Nativa Rubber. Sustana " leather is from the organically raised cattle of the Coleman ranch, Colorado, and is tanned in Wisconsin with low-toxicity, trivalent chromium, chorine-free, water-based dyes and finishes and with maximum recycling and minimum effluent. Nativa Rubber is produced from latex harvested from wild

trees in the Amazon, thereby helping to sustain the forest and local economy. Components are fixed with water-based rather tha n solvent-based glues. Deep Ee is an excellent example of a business whose existence is based on the fundamental principle of sustainability.

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315

Deep ~,

USA

315

Leather, rubber • Materialsfrom renewable resources • Supply-chain management

283, 285 327

DanielOhlsson, Sweden 309 Smallbatchproduction Felt, Velcro

301

• Coldfabrication • Renewable material • Economyofmaterials usage

327, 328

Accessories o

The Body Shop range

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313

The BodyShop, UK

313

Naturalails, conditioners, soapsand recyclable HOPE • Reusableand recyclable containers • High natural-content ingredients

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327, 330

DOM IN0 4 Leather offcuts from hides processed us ing natu ral vegeta ble ta nnins are cleverly cut and stitched into new bags , the smooth surface of the leath er con trasting with the texture of the cowhide. Fas hion emerges from the production waste strea m in a modern ma keover of a classic 1970S design .

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BREECollection GmbH 313 KG, Germany BREE CollectionGmbH 313 KG, Germany Leather, cowhide 285 • Renewablematerials • Reductionof production waste iFDesignAward, 2000

327, 328 332

Accessories

T he In ner T ube In the UKover 70 per cent of all inner tub es a re incinerated or d umped in landfill sites . McDona gh transforms th is waste into an eclectic fashion statement. Evironmental concern meets c1ubbers in the twilight zone. This design received a UK Millennium Product award .

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La Vie Prolongee There are two s ides to the fashi on coin : the massprod uced high-st reet brand s an d the un ique on e-offs or lim ited ed ition s. Trachsel's work exem plifies the craftbased techniques. She takes old magazine pages, im pregnates them with s unflower oil and en closes th em in delicate o rganza fab ric. These hand bags exhibit a light touch in all sen ses of the word .

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310 310

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JulieMcDonagh, UK

308

The InnerTube, UK

318

Rubberfrom consumer uses • Reuse ofwaste materials

283 32]

Motorized Vehicles

CitymobilC, In May 1998, at the annua l BMW Day ofTechnology, the Citymob il C, was announced as a newconcept vehicle s pec ially designed to offer ind ividu al mobility in cities and me tropol itan areas. Singleoccupancy cars account for almost 80 per cent of urban journeys. The C1 , launched in April 2000, pro vides an alternative for urban car drivers who are frustrated with congested roads. Conscious of some of the dr awbacks of two whee led tra nsp o rt, BMW have st riven to imp rove safety stan da rds and comfort. Cras h ba rs and

fairings an d a st iff frame , resis tan t to twist ing, pro vide front -end co llision prot ection similar to th at of a s ma ll ca r. An ABS o ption e nsur e s s kid-free braking an d a un ique curved wind s hield a rches ove r th e driver, providing bett er weather protection than conventional motorscooters. Fuel consumption is a respectable 2.91/lOokm (about 97mpg) and em issions are reduced by a three -way catalyt ic converter. Can t he C1 ca pt ure a new audie nce with its lower road tax a nd operating cos ts , reduced fue l co nsu m ptio n an d

lower em issio ns? .lhe big questio n is whether the city su its and tren dse tters will be lured ou t of th e comfort of thei r existing vehicles.

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313

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313

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recvcled • Reduction infuel consumptionand emissions • Alternative modeof transport to singleoccupancy cars DesignSenseawards, 2 000

329

332

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Motot:ized Vehicles

Ecobasic Ifany European manufacturing company understands the requirements of the lowcost, small-car market it is Fiat. From the Topolino and the Fiat 500 series in the late 1940S and early '9SOS to the Panda and Cinquecento in the 1980s and ' 990s, Fiat has always kept true to its vision of economical products to ens ure that the 'freedom of

the road' really reaches a mass market. Ecobasic is the prototype for a production model capable of yielding about 3Skmflitre (i oompg) at a price of [3.30 0. This minimalist design incorporates a steel frame to which coloured plastic panels and a onepiece polycarbonate tailgate are fixed . A1.2-litre, sixteen-valve, four-cyclinder Fiat JTD turbodiesel engine

is coupled with a fivespeed manual gearbox. Selection of the 'econ' transmiss ion mode automatic ally cuts the engine if the car is stationary for more than four second s but the engine restarts as soon as the accelerator is pressed . Fixed rear side panels can be exchanged for doors if a four-door version is required.

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316

Prototype, Fiat Auto, Italy Steel, thermoplastics, variousothermaterials • Reductionoffuel consumption • Lightweight, modular construction

316 295, 34' 329

Motorized Vehicles o

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EVl Launched in December '996, the EV, was General Motors's first production vehicle for non-commercial use to be entirely powered byan electric engine. It was an attempt to deal with the effects of state legislation to reduce vehicle emiss ions, such as the 1985Californian law that set a 2 per cent sales volume of zero-emission cars by 1998. Capable of achieving i ookm /h (62·smph) in 9 seconds from a standing sta rt and with a top speed of 129km/ h (82mph), the EV, was no slouch, but its performance was constrained by the S33kg (l ,172Ib) of batteries needed to move the vehicle's mass of 817kg (l,797Ib). Fortunately

development s in battery technology have ensured that such power-to-weight ratios are now a thing of the past.

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General Matars, USA

317

GeneralMotors, USA

317

Various • Zeroemissions (assuming itis rechargedfrom a renewableenergy supply)

329

Insi g ht Claimed to be the world's most efficient petrolpowered car, the Insight is actually a hybrid petrol/electric car featuring Honda's Integrated Motor Assist (IMA'"). The IMA combines a high-efficiency 99SCC petrol engine with a lOkW ultra-thin, in-line, brushless DC electric motor to achieve about 30km/ litre (83mpg) and Sogrn/k rn (4.soz/mi le) C02 emissio ns (less tha n half the EU2000 limit). Connecting directly to the crankshaft, the electric motor draws power from a zokg, 144Vnickel metalhydride batteryvia an electronic Power Control

Unit (PCU) when the car is accelerating, to provide 'Moto r Assist'. This improves power output and low-speed to rque. During deceleration the batteries are recharged, so the car is independent of

external electricitysources. Reduction in kerb weight, which is just 83Skg (1 ,837Ib), is achieved bya lightweightaluminium body (borrowing design principles from the Honda NSX sports car).

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Honda,Japan

318

Honda.japan

318

Various

• Fuel economy • Lightweight construction

329

Motorized Vehicles PETare between 10 and 20 per cent of conventional material costs and reduce body weight to S4Skg (l,200Ib) and permit reasonable fuel economy, about 18kmf litre (som pg), for the small two-cylinder engine.

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Daim ler Chrysler CCV (Com posite Concept Vehicle) Borrowing heavily from the remarkable low-cost design of the Citroen 2CV (originally designed in 1949), the CCV project of 1997focused on the need to produce an economical car for the ma rkets in

developing countries where rough roads and excessive loading regularly make unusual dema nds of passenger vehicles. An injection-moulded compos ite body is made of two halves attached with

four bolts and adhesives to a steel frame and requires no painting. Production times are thus reduced to one-third or less of those for conventiona l cars, which are typically twenty hours per car. Costs of the

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314

DaimlerChrysler, USA (workingprototvpe} Main bodypanels: recyclable polyelhylene terephthalate (PET) • Recyclableplaslicbody panels • Reduction in useof materialsand energy duringproduction • Reduction in useof fossilfuels • Easilydismantled01 endof life

3 '4 34 1

328, 329,

330

Ggo Innovative weight-saving and excellent aerodynamics give fuel economy, which is further improved by the three-cylinder ECOTEC engine developed for the Corsa by Vauxhall Moto rs Ltd in the UK.

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General Molars, USA, wilhVauxhall Molars LId, UK GeneralMolars, USA, wilhVauxhall Molars LId, UK Various

3 , '7 325

• Improvedfuel efficiency

329

3 7, ' 325

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The real izatio n that transport systems need a n urgent rethin k has prompted ind us t ry, go vernment and academia to exam ine so-called intelligent tra nsport systems (ITS). One of the more advanced concepts is Honda's ICVS (Intelligent Community Vehicle System) , whose working components are three e lect ric veh icles an d a n e lectric/manual bicycle, wh ich operate within a defined geographical area an d under sha red co mmu nity usage. The City Pal four-five-seat er co mpact electr ic car is a mu lti-user opt ion and t he other vers ions a re for a single use r.Two persona l electric vehicles , the 'Stepdeck' and the 'Monopal ', offer shortdistance mobility suitable for inner -city business users, commuters and shoppers. Finally, the electric- ass isted bicycle, 'Racoon ', is a n all-purpo se, uti litarian mo de of transport . In the ICVS cars a nd bicycles funct ion as compleme nt ary tools in an urban ecosystem.

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Prototype, Various

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• Communityrather 328, thanindividual 329 ownership • Reductioninair emissionsfrom vehicles • Possibilityof powering from renewable energy sources

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Motorized Vehicles com bining a petrol engine with electric motor system. In hybrid operating mode 6.8 litres (l.sgals) offuel plus 3kWhare cons umed per iookm and in electric mode power consumption is about 30kWh per i ookm (62 miles). The car produces about half the emiss ions of a conventional petrolengined version.

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Hybrid Power The Multipla is capable of carrying six passengers, in an upright steel space frame. Power unit options include a dual-fuel, 1.6-litre, sixteen-

valve, four-cylinder engine capable of using petrol or methane. Methane is a clean fuel free from benzene and particles and gives a

reduction of 2S per cent in carbon dioxide in the exhaust emissions. Further reductions are achieved in the Multipla Hybrid by

(80m pg) of petrol. With a total kerb-weight Of l ,S' 4kg (3.330Ib). acceleration is about '4 seconds from 0 to i ookrn/h (62mph) with a top speed of 14Skm/ h (9lmph) . These HFC cars are now being tested in a three-year programme in California. Other variants of the P2000 range include

a lightweight version being developed at the Ford Forschungszent rum Aachen (FFA) in Germany. Weighing just 900kg (1,98o lb) and powered by an experirnental t.z-litre DiATA compre ssionignition, direct-injection engine, fuel consumpti on is zfi .zkm/ litre (74mpg).

Fiat, Italy

316

Fiat, Italy

316

Steel, compositepanels

295

• Reductionin greenhouse-gas emissions • Reductioninair pollution • MultifUnctional passengerrangebetter

329, 340

thanaverage car

PZOOO HFC Prodigy Ford unveiled the fuel-cell technology for the hybrid hydrogen-fuelled electric Prodigyfamily sedan at the Geneva Motor Show in ' 999. In a joint program me with Ballard Power Systems and Daimler ChryslerAG , Ford has developed an advanced power unit that is capable of delivering 7SkW (lOO PS) from four hund red hydrogen cells in a th reestack Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) weighing 172kg.(378Ib). An additional 9lkg (zoo lb) is added by the electric induction motor, which delivers '20PS. An onboard capacity of i.a kg (3Ib) of hydrogen gives a range of around l 60km (99·3 miles) with a combined Urban/Highway EPA-cycle fuel economy equivalent to 28.skm/ litre

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Ford Motor ~om'pany, USA Ford MotorCompany, USA Various

316

• Zerohydrocarbon emissionsfromfuel cells • Fueleconomy

329

316

.-

Priu s In October rqqz Toyota became the first major global car manufacturer to launch a mass-produced hybrid power system permitting continuous variable comb ination of a petrol internal-combustion engine and 43-kilowatt elect ric motor. Toyota's commitment to cleaner technologies and environmentally imp roved products was outlined in a twenty-page supplement that appeared in the Novembe r 1997 issue of Tim e magazine. So, has Toyota lived up to expectations? To date over ten thousand units have been sold in Japan and the vehicle is now being sold in North America and Europe. Toyota opted for a parallel hybrid system (THS or

Toyota Hybrid System), alternating between petrol and electric power, as opposed to a series hybrid system in which the drive is provided by an electric moto r and the (petrol) engine is used onlyto generate electricity. THS provides the most effici ent combination of the two power sources according to the drive pattern. If the car sta rts out at low speed the elect ric motor operates, but during normal driving t he petrol engine predominates. On acceleration the motor and engine worktogether and on braking or deceleration the kinetic energy is used to produce electricity, which is stored in highperformance NiMH batteries. THS provides a

fuel effi ciencyof 28kmflitre (90mp g; Japanese 10-15 Test Mode), which is dou ble that of a Toyota Carina with automatic transm ission. Emissions of C02 are cut by 50 per cent and CO, HC and NOx are reduced to 14, 8 and 12 per cent respectively. The heart of these environm ental gains is the Atkinso n-cycle engine coupled with a permanent-magnet motor and generator. Combustion effici ency is improved with Variable Valve TimingIntelligent (VVT- I) technology and a high expansion ratio to improve power conversion from expansion to the drive train. Recycled and recyclable materials, especially the easily recycled Toyota Super

Olefin Polymer (TSOP) , are used for bumpers, dashb oard, pillar and other interior trim. Overall body weight has been reduced, window glass reduces incoming UVwavelengths and cuts down solar heating and end-of-life dismantlin g has been facilitated wherever possible.

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325

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• Reductionof fuel consumption

• Improved useof recycled materialsand disassembly

327, 329

Motorized Vehicles - - - -- - - - - - - -- - -- - -- - -1 v, -i

Sparrow Those who recall the infamo us C5 electr ic ca r designed by Sir Clive Sinclair in the ea rly 19805 in th e UK, regar ded by man y as a liability in fastmoving t raffic, m ight just

consider this new one seater elect ric car . With bod y styling remi nisce nt of the ' bubble ' ca rs of th e 1960 s, t he Sparrow ca n ac hieve s pee ds of up to 11 2km{h (70m ph) from the t hirtee n batt e ries tha t sto re

the electric al ene rgy. A full charge gives a range of 96 kilometres (60 m iles) at a cost of about 50 pence, making it extremel y economical. With side-door access and full wea ther protection , the Sparr ow might tempt people who are unw illing to venture out on a motor scooter o r motorcycle. When it is being charged up , howeve r, it has to be remembe red that the vehicle is only as gree n as the mains e lectricity sup plyto which it is co nnec ted .

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314

CorbinMotors, USA

314

Various • Zero emissions when 329 usingrenewableenergy supplies • Weatherproof, onepersoncommuter transport

Smart Car In Octo ber 1998 the Smart Car, jointly developed by th e Ger ma n manufacturer Daim ler-Be nz and Swatc h, the renowned man ufact ure r of co lourful mod ern watc hes , passed prolo nged safety tests and was launched in the Europ ean market. This s uper-co m pact car looks as t hough it has been dr iven st raight out of the pages of a comic str ip. Measuring a me re 2.5m (8ft z in}, it is half t he le ngt h of a stan da rd car (reducing materials cons umption) an d uses one-third less pet ro l (on avera ge z rkrn/ Iit re , or 60 mpg) than its ma rket rivals, the Ford Ka and Volkswag en Polo. Alth ou gh th e ca r is designed as a n urba n runabo ut, the tu rbocharged pet rol engine provides rapid accele ration (60 km{h, or 37.5m ph, in six to seven seconds) and a

to p s peed of 130 km{h (82m ph) to meet the high expectations oftoday's mot orists. The occupants are protected by a strong monocoq ue steel frame and there is a range of modula r pane ls an d interio r elements allowing pe rsonal customization ,

cater ing for changing fas hions an d facilita ting rep air. This could herald an im portant develo pm ent in th e car industry in which interchangea ble com ponents contri bute to exten ding the lifes pan of a veh icle.

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DaimlerCh'Ysler, Germany DaimlerCh'Ysler, Germany Various

3' 4

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• Reduction inJuel consumption • Improvementsin upgrodobility and repairability

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...... TH !NK City Almost twenty·fiveyears elapsed between the time this low-environmentalimpact car was conceived and the time when a production model emerged. Stimulated by the energy crisis in 1973, Lars Ringdaland Bakelittfabrikkenof Norway examined the possibility of building a lightweightcar with plastic panels. For nearly two decades the idea languished before it was revived by PIVCO (Personal Independent Vehicle Compa ny) in 1990. The first prototype, which success fully joined an aluminium frame with a thermoplastic body, eme rged in 1992. By 1998 a model com plyi ng with all EU safety sta nda rds rolled off the production line at

PIVCO Industries AS. The following year the Ford Motor Company obtained a majority shareholding of the company and it was renamed THiNK Nordic AS. Production capacity now stands at five thousand vehicles per annum . Designed for urban users, the TH!NKCity is powered bya three-phase electric motor with an outp ut of 27kW or 4Sbhp. Rapid acceleration takes the car from to sokm/h (31 mph) in seven seconds and gives it a top speed of 90km/ h (s6mph ). Nineteen nickel cad mium batteries provide a range of 85 kil ometres (53 miles) when fully recharged over eight hours from a 220Vsupply. Energy is regenerated from braking

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and when the car is going downhill. Manufacturing practices differ from the usual assembly line. There are ten production centres , and plastic panels clip and clamp together with the aluminium passenger shell, which sits on the highstrength steel frame. The net result is a car that requires only 425 parts com pared with the tho usands typical of conventional cars. This facilitates end-of-life disassembly and recycl ing. In sho rt, the THINKCity embraces the benefits of integrating Iife cycle assessme nt into the design and manufacturing process and perhaps sets a blueprint for small-car manufacturers. As the recentlyapproved End of

VehicleLife (EVL) Directive comes into force in the EU in 2005, requiring 90 per cent of a car's components to be recycled , THINK Nordic AS is moving in the right direction.

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TH!NKNordic AS/Ford, Norway THINKNordic AS/Ford, Norway Polyethylene. aluminium, steel • Zeroemissions (if electricity isobtoined from renewable energy) • Lower-than-allerage energyconsumption duringmanufacturing • High reeyclability of componentsand batteries

325 325 295, 341 327'9

Triax Three propulsion options are available for this thirdgeneration electric vehicle: all-wheel-drive electric, allwheel-drive hybrid electric and two-wheel drive internal combustion.

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General Motors, USA

31]

Various

«improvedfUel efficiency • Zero emissionsoption

329

VW Lupo 3LTDI In Berlin on 16 May2000 a Volkswagen Lupo3LTDI commenced a journey to circumnavigate the world. It was fitted with a threecylinder,1.2-litre (1 /4gal)Turbo Direct Injection (TDI ) engine and the objective was to break existing records by making this the most fuel-effi cient car to undertake this challenge. A total of S3,m km (33,333 miles) was travelled in eighty days across fivecontinents at an average speed of 8s.6km/h (S3.Smph) at a remarkably economical fuel consumption of 2.38litres per 100 kilometres (0.84 gallons per 100 miles). Production models of the Lupo achieve 2.99 Iitres per 100 kil ometres (1.0S gallons per 100 miles) under MVEG cycle tests. The designation '3L', for 'three-litre', here refers to its fuel econom y rather than to the more traditional indication of engine size.

This economy translates into a thousand-kilometre (62s-mile) journey on one full tank of fuel and carbondioxide emiss ion levels below 90g per kilometre (S.10Z per mile). An efficient engine is com plemented with lightweight constructio n materials, especiallyaluminium, in

body, chass is and running gear components. An automated five-speed, direct-shift gearbox and automatic stop-start system assist in maximizing fuel economy. The big quest ion is: why can't all manufacturers produce such fuel-efficient compact cars?

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Volkswagen AG, Germany Volkswagen AG, Germany Various

326 326

- Significant reduction in 329 Juel use

Human-powered Vehicles

NECAR4 NECAR 4 (New Electric Car) is based on a Mercedes Benz A-class compact car fitted with a hydrogen-gas fuel cell power unit that gene rates electricityfor a 7Shp (SSkW) motor and produces water vapour as the only em ission. This zeroemissions vehicle has , range of 4sokm (280

miles) on a full tank of gas, is capable of a top speed of 144kmjh (gomp h) and can take up to five passe ngers. Improvements in fuel cell efficiency by dbb Fuel Cell Engines GmbH (a joint subsidiaryof Daimler Chrysler, Ballard Power Systems and Ford Motor Company) generate 30 per cent more energythan the

same-sized system used in the NECAR2 and yield an increase of lS per cent energydensity (amount of energygenerated per unit of weight) for the NECAR 4. This is anothe r step towards Daimler Chrysler's target of marketing fuel cell vehicles by 2004 .

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DaimlerChryslerAG with dbb Fuel Cell EnginesGmbH, Germany DaimlerChryslerAG, Germany Various

314

Zeroemissions

329

314

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Human-powered Vel1icles

independence"

3000

iBOT'M Con ventio na l whee lchairs, whos e des ign has la rgely remained stati c for se veral ce nt uries, offer on ly lim ited mobility. IBOT en ables disa bled people to navigate rough , uneven surfaces, to 'sta nd' up a nd to climb /descen d stairs. This is ac hieved by gyroscopic articu lation s of the frame a nd three sets of whee ls.

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3°7, 3 '5

Various

• Improvedfunctionalit y 329 and mobilityfor disabledaeonle

The Bamboo Bicycle Bamboo is hand- worked , strengthened wit h wood and interlocked with carbon-fibre joints to fo rm the frame of the bicycle. Block-dyed black chrome is also used for parts of the frame and the front forks . Wheel rims are crafted from beechwood, th e seat is leat her and handlebar grips a re of cork . The proportion of o rganic, re newable, biodegradable materia ls is sign ifican tly highe r t han in a conv entionally manu factu red bicycle but obta ining consistently high-q uality bamb oo s upp lies does pose qu a lity-assur ance iss ues.

Hybrid bike Prestigio us ca r man ufacturers are entering the fray in the electric-assist bicycle market. This offer from Mercedes Benz provides about 30km (18.75 miles) of assisted t rave l on a full battery ch arge , which take s five and a half hours. Build qua lity matches the brand name, so we ca n expect this bicycle to be durable.

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DaimlerChryslerja pan Holding,japan DaimlerChryslerjapan Holding.japan Various

314

• Electricandhuman power • Zeroemissionsif rechargedfrom renewablepower sources

329

314

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Antoine Fritsch, France

306

PrototypeforHermes, France Bamboo, beechwood, cork, leather, block-dyed blackchrome and steel • Increased usageof renewable materials • Reduction inembodied energy ofconstruction

318 281, 285, 295 327, 328

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Human-powered Vehicles Del ite A standard frame fitted with a range of modular components can suit eithe r touring or racing bicycles or a hybrid. Suspension is provided by front fork dampers and a damped rear sub-frame assembly.

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nese und mullerGmbH, 32 3 Germany rieseund mullerGmbH, 323 Germany Various • Modulardesign

Electrical bike This is a uniqu e foldin g bike with an integral batt e ry a nd moto r in th e m iddle of th e frame adjace nt to the ped al crank a nd s haft drive. Multiple sea t an d han dleb ar adjustme nts perm it th e most com fo rta ble perso nal fit.

N exus cycle Reinventi on of the bicycle as 't he mountain bike' in the late 1980 s in California led to a globa l res urgen ce of int erest in recreati onal cycling. Can the hi-tech aero dyna m ic bicycle do th e sa m e fo r th ose see king an alternative urban tra nsport so lutio n to the car? Building on th e techno logy develop ed for s pee d cycling in th e velod ro me, th e Nexus

co mb ines striking loo ks with low drag coefficie nts . The cyclist has to ado pt a new body post ure to make th e best use of th is vehicle.

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Christophe Moinat, 308 Ecole cantonaled'artde Lausanne, Switzerland Prototype Variou s

• Hybrid human-and electrically powered vehicle

329

St rida 2 Unfolding the Strida z takes ten seconds and immediately reveals its radical triangular frame, a departure from the typical arrangements in other folding bicycles. It weighs in at just iokg (zalb}, the tubes being of aluminium and the wheels and other MarkSanders, Roland Plastics, UK RolandPlastics, UK

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310 323

Glass-reinforced 341 polyamide, aluminium, rubb" stainless steel • Economy ofmaterials 327 usage • Ease ofmaintenance

components made from glass-reinforced polyamide, a strong, durable, lightweight polymer. Aconventional chain is replaced by a belt drive over low-friction polymer cogs, making for an oil-free and low-maintenance bicycle. Tyre and belt repairs are facilitated by the offset frame-wheel arrangeme nt. Apparently it takes time to master the ride as the frame is not as tortionally stiff as other folding bikes, but thereafter the rider is guaranteed an intrigued audience as s{he sails by car-bound commuters.

Windcheetah A cruciform frame enables the rider to adopt a low centre of gravity, which, when coupled with carbonfibre fairing, provides very efficient aerodynamics. Pinpoint accuracy of

steering is achieved by means of a unique joystick system that gives good sta bilityin cornering. Lightweight materials and precision engineering make this the Rolls Royce of

recumbents . The efficiency of the design has attracted interest from courier and local delivery companies who wish to develop zeroem issions tra nsport policies for urban areas.

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AdvancedVehicle Design, UK AdvancedVehicle Design, UK Metalalloys, rubber, carbonfibre, Kevlar • Human-powered transport

312 3' 2 34

'

32 9

Rattan bicycle Rattan is a vigorous thorny briar found in trop ical rainforests. Its long stems are stripped to reveal an inner core that, once dried, forms an extremelydurable cane, which can be woven and shaped. Non-loadbearing components of this bicycle, such as the fenders, chain cover, basket and hand lebar grips, are 100 per cent rattan. Other components combine steel and rattan. So the main frame is steel covered by rattan, the saddle is of woven rattan

and the forks, handlebars, luggage carriers and fender stays are also wound with ratta n. Although the bicycle stillrelies on the steel for a rigid frame, the proportion of organic cyclic materials has been significantly increased.

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Prototype Rattan, steel, rubber • Renewoblematerial components

28 1,

283 327

Brompton Folding bicycles are not a new invention but Brom pton has manufactured durable products over the last three decades and is probably one of the most popular brands in the UK. The robust 'full-size' steel frame can be folded within twenty seconds to make a com pact package that weighs less than izkg (27 Ib) and measures only slightly bigger tha n the 40-cm (16-inch) wheels. Currently the range includes two three-speed (L3, T3) models, one fourspeed (LS) and one fivespeed (TS) , all with rear carrier and dynamo. The T types are supplied with lights too. Optional extras allow customization but the design remains fundamentally little changed since its inception, making it less prone to the whims of fashion. Owning a folding bicycle significantly increases mobilityoptions for work and pleasure. Overall journey times can be cut by combining cycling with publicor othe r private transport and a

folding bike is easier to take on a train, bus or aeroplane than a conventional bike. Folding bicycles make a viable contribution towards a more integrated and sustaina ble transport system.

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Bramptan Bicycle Ltd,

313

UK

Bramptan Bicycle Ltd,

3'3

UK

Rubber, steel,plastic • Multifunctionality • Durability

283, 295 329

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Students,professorsand 320 alumni,Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology, USA Students, professors and 320 alumni, Massachusetts Instituteof Technology, USA Photovoltaics, 341 lightweightmetals and

composites • Renewable energy

329

• Zero emissions

Dae dalus 88 Weighing just 31.4kg (69 Ib), the Daed alus 88 aircraft set a new en durance dist ance record

for a human-powe red a ircraft of 199km (129 m iles) over 3 hours 54 mi nutes , from Crete to th e

isla nd of Sa nto rini, Greece. The feas ibility of man powe red flight is beyo nd doub t but translating th e

technological advances into everyday transp ort prov ides a significantly greate r cha lle nge.

Gos sa me r Albatros s Powered flight was made a reality by the Wright Brothers but it was Pa ul McCrady of AeroVironment who pioneered hum an powered flight with the Go ssamer Albatross airc raft th at ma de the crossing of the English Channel in 1979. Made of lightwe ight synthetic ma te rials, th is strange craft co llate s expert ise in m aterials techno logy with advanced aerodynamics. This was a welcome inve ntion but it has pro ved difficult to de sign larger human-f solar-powered passenger-car rying aircr aft.

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PaulMcCrady, AeroVironment USA Prototype, AeroVironment, USA Carbon:fibreand graphiteresins, Keillor • Zeroemissions

30 4, 1' 08 304 284 329

tr

the

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ca rrier ca n be adapted as a peopl e-carrying ta xi o r a flat bed to ca rry a standa rd Euro-palette giving a ca pacity of 1.8 cubic metres (63.6cu ft). The re is also a cove red-van co nfigura tion. Versati le and affo rdab le, The Pickup is even bein g co ns ide red by the US Mail serv ice and TNT for co urie r deliverie s.

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The Pickup City-ce nt re traffic in man y countries cra wls alon g at speeds s imilar to or slower than cyclists . Mot orized vehicles are s ubject to entry a nd parking rest riction s. So it is timelythat Robert Dixon gave th e familiar trlshaw/r ickshaw, so fam iliar in So uth- east As ia, a thorou gh red esign for use in t he develop ed wor ld. The Pickup is pac ked wit h feat ures to ensure it is comfort able for its human po wer so urce and ada pta ble as a load carr ier. A composite fairing protects the se m irecumbent ride r o n t he articu lated four -whe eled chass is. Seven-speed hub gea ring coupled with a lightweight differe ntial ensu res t hat the drive tra in and steering a re opti ma l for urban cond ition s. Speed s of up to 22km /h (14m ph) can be maintained and there is an electri c-as s ist facility for hills. The rear of the

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Robert Dixon, Advanced 306 Vehicle Design, UK AdvancedVehicle 3' 2 Design, UK Various • Zeroemissions • Human-powered

32 9

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Ciro Magic This st rong, compact , folding scooter Is a convenient portable vehicle for short urban journeys or for sport s and recreation. Faster than walking, more portable than the smallest folding bicycle, the scooter can offer an intermediate solution to personal mobility. Polyuretha ne wheels cushion the rider from the road or pavement, a robust brake is activated by sta nding on the flexible rear bar and steer ing is achieved by shifting weight.

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Skoot International, UK 32 4 Skoot International, UK 32 4 Various

• Lightweight bicyclef or 327 commutersand travellers

Skoot Is it a suitcase? No, it's a bicycle that unfolds in twenty seconds and weighs just lSkg (33 Ib). The Skoot might require som e interesting handling in strong cross winds but it is guaranteed to keep the rider free of oil and grease and so may appea l to city slickers.

Xootr Cruz

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sTRAKasPORTs Giromachines GmbH, Germany sTRAKasPORTs Giromachines GmbH, Germany Polyurethane, metals • Human-powered transport

Skateboard culture meets the bicycle in this resurrection of the old push scooter. Li ghtweight aluminium frame, cast wheels and a low-slung laminated birchwood deck ens ure manoeu vrability and sta bility. This vehicle is very portable, weighing just 4.Skg (iolb) and folding to a package less than 800 mm (31in) long.

32 4

32 4

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NovaCruz Products, 32 1 USA NovaCruz Products, 32 1 USA Birchwood, aluminium, 28 3. polyurethane 295 • Human.powered 32 9 tr~n sport

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Tr icycle, Euro, Classic, Mountain, Folding Powabyke is a ra nge of electri c-assist bicycles to suit young and old, urban commuters and recreation al use rs. The range wit ho ut ped al ass ist varies from 21 to 48km (13- 30 + miles) accord ing to the exact model. Batt e ries are 14-amp, 36V, sea led lead acid, which reach full charge ove r eight hou rs and drive a 150W or 200W frontor rear-hub-drive DC mo to r. A fold ing version offers co m m uters an ea sy, less energeti c sta rt to th e day.

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Powabyke Ltd, UK

322

Powabyke Ltd, UK

322

Various

• Encouraginghybrid human-jelectriepoweredtransport

329

Plumber's cart Trades peo ple wit h a local catchment area ma y find it a considerable adva nt age to be able to choose between a car and an alte rnative form of t ran sport. Michel Zillig's bicycle tra iler ho lds all the necessary equipment and too ls a plumber needs. It is easily unh itched from its towing vehicle and , aided by the rotat ing tr iple whee l, can be read ily pu lled up kerbs and stairs . He re is the t railer as mob ile wo rkshop.

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SRAM 9.051 SRAM manufact ures brakes, gears and gear shifts to high standards of aesthetics and funct iona lity, us ing between 30 and 50 per ce nt-recycled content for man y of the subco m ponents, which can be disassembled for pu re-grade recycling in the future.

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SRAM Corporation, USA SRAM Corporation, USA Parirecycledcontent rubber, metal composites • Recycledcontent • Designfordisassembly iFEcologyDesign Award, 2000

324 324 34 1

327, 328 332

Michel Zil/ig.graduate student, Design Academy Eindhoven, Netherlands Prototype

311

Syntheticpolymersand rubbers • Encourages use of human-powered transport • Multifunctionalily

296-7 329

LeggeroTwist

Airsaddle Improving comfort for cyclists in intimate contact with their saddles has been the object of des igners for over 125 years. Here lateral thinking has provided a solution - an inflatable rubber saddle that provides air cushioning. The 'Airsaddle' incorporates a conventional air valve and can be infinitely adjusted, employing the same pump used to inflate the tyres, to suit the needs of the individuals and the terrain being traversed.

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Ian Thorpand Steve Morris, Slough Rubber Comoonv, UK Slough Rubber Comoonv, UK Rubber,steel

3'0, 324 324

283, 29' • Reductioninmaterials 327, usage compared to 329

conventionalsaddles • Improved ergonomics

Safety featu res of this bicycle trailer for children include a low centre of gravity, seat belts, a protective plastic shell and a warning flag. All-weather protection allowsflexibility of use and ensures that the children have a good view and can feel the breeze.

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Christophe Apotheloz, Switzerland Brugg/iProduktion I{ Dienstleistung, Switzerland Various

304

• Encourageshumanpowered tronsportfor thefamily

32 9

3 '3

Wiss el hors e saddle This flexible, lightweight plastic saddle, with a new girth strap fitted with an easy-to-use ratchet-strap, sits gently on the horse and provides comfort for the rider. The mounting stirrup has a clip-free adjustment and the covers over the plastic saddle are changeable, so improving hygiene and offering opportuniti es for customization using covers of different colours.

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Maritde Haas, graduate 3° 5 student 2000, Design AcademyEindhaven, Netherlands Pratotype Lightweight plastic, metal • Animalfriendly product • Improved usercomfort

283, 295 329 , 330

Synchilla" Snap T@ In 1991 the outdoor clothing manufacturer Patagonia declared in their catalogue that ' Everything we make pollutes '. This was the beginning of the company's process of reducing its environmenta l impacts by switching to organicallygrown cotton

and by manufacturing fleeces derived from recycled plastic bottles. Post-consum er recycled (peR) Synchilla'" fleece was developed with Wellman, Inc., in 1993. Each garment saves twenty-five two-litre PET bottles from landfills.

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Patagonia, USA

322

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Patagonia, USA

322

Synchilla~ Fleece, Supplex0nylon • Recycledmaterials • Reducedemissions (compared with virgin PETjibre)

300-1

• ~

327, 329

-

Sporting Supplies

Pod floating lounger This clever product embodies several guiding principles of good green design. It is made entirely of recycled soda bottles, Partek recycled plastic lumber and other material and components, is easily assembled and disassembled allowing easy repair (and further recycling at end of life) and it is economical in its use of materials. John Amato sees this product as part of a continuous cyclic process. All suc h objects are ephemera l in the long view.

NIGHTEYE® This lightweight headlamp is fitted with the patented Ultralight using a lowenergy Xenon bulb with a special reflector to provide a quality light source. A rear red LE D persona l safety light fits to the back of the headband. All componen ts, including the polycarbonate casings, clip together and so can be separated for recycl ing.

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PROFORM Design, Germany Nighteye GmbH, Germany Polycarbonate, elastic, LEDs, Xenon bulb • Lowenergy consumption iFDesign Award, 2000

309 321 34 1 329 332

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John Amato, Meta MOrf, lnc., USA Meta Morf,inc., USA Sodabottles, plastic lumber • Recycledmaterialsand components • Designfor disassembly andeaseofrepair • Lowmaterials usage IDRA award, 1995

304, 320 320 29 4, 34 ' 327 328

332

,

Sporting Supplies Veloland

Kaya k

Veloland is an information provide r a nd service company res po nsi ble for a netwo rk of over 6,3ookm (4,000 m iles) of national an d region al cycling tr ails in Switzerl and . Map s, guides and 4 we bsite pro vide wide access to information nation ally an d beyond . Trails have been linked with public-tran sp ort networ ks and bicycle rental at SBB railway statio ns and the who le system is covered wit h co ns iste nt, stan da rd ized sign age .

Old kayaks do n't die, th ey just get recycled a nd face th e white water again. Ocean Kayak encourage cus to me rs to cut defunct kayaks a nd sen d them as co llect freight to thei r factory , where the polyethlene is ground up for recon stitutin g in a new mould.

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Tim Niemeir,USA

30 9

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Ocean Kayak, USA

321

Recycled polyethylene

341

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Veloland Schweiz, Switzerland Various

311

Skystreme rzq model

Various

• Encouraging integration of recreational cycling with public transport

• Continuous recyclingof 327, materials 329 • Product toke·back

329

This inflat able kite, we ighing 43 grammes (lib 80 z) and not much bigger than a credit card , fits easily into your pocket

read y to assist you in an emergency. Once inflated, the kite soars high , thanks to a unique aer ofoil system , m aking a rescu e beacon eas ily de tect ed by sigh t o r by rad ar. The Skystreme provides protecti on again st hypot herm ia and can be inflated to use as a s plint for a broken limb .

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Skystreme UKLtd, UK

324

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Skystreme UKLtd, UK

324

Lightweight, highly reflective plastic • Economicaluse of materials • Multifunctional • Improvedhealthand safety

283, 295 327, 329

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Gardening

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N Fotnitore, Italy

321

N Fornitore, Italy

321

Corrugated cardboard, grassseed, soil • Renewable, compostableand locallysourced materials

292 327, 330

Terra Grass Armchair A s ubtle me rging of ma n a nd nat ure is em bod ied in t his witty outdoor seat rem iniscent of some mini Bronze Age bu rial mound. The st uct ura l framework is provided by co rruga te d ca rdboard to wh ich locally sourced so il is added and grass see d ap plied . Just a few weeks later s uccu lent gra ss covers your very own green thr on e for the garden .

E-tech The E-tech two-stroke motor for chainsaws and str im mer s combines efficient power produ ct ion with a new cata lytic conve rter, ensuring that th ese motors meet the world's st rictest standa rd for emis sions for mot o rized hand-held garden an d forestry eq uipm ent, the 1995 California Air Resources Board (CARB) standard . Elect rolux, th e wo rld's largest manufactu rer of chainsaws, has also forged partnerships with petr o leu m com pan ies to

develop fuels that reduce em issio ns . For examp le, th e Finn ish co m pa ny Raision offers a veg eta ble chai n o il for chainsaws through Husqvarna.

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HusqvarnajThe flectrolux Group, Sweden HusqvornafThe flectrolu: Group, Sweden Metals, plastics

315

315

283, 295 • Reductioninemissions 329

andconsumabJes

Can-a-Worm s A compact self-as sembly serie s of nested circular tra ys, made from 100 pe r cent post-consumer recycled plastic, is supplied with a coir fibre block. This block is mo istened an d broken up, then placed in the bottom t ray to prov ide 'bedding' for a colon y of nat ive composting worm s. As a tra y is filled with househol d or garden was te , a not her is added to build up t he st ack. The worms migra te up and

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Rein, Australia

323

Rein, Australia, with WigglyWigglers, UK

323, 326 283, 295 327, 330

Plastics, fiveworms

• Encourageslocal biodegradationof waste • Recycledand renewablematerials

do wn the stack through the mesh in the bottom of ea ch tra y, digesting waste and t urning it into compost.

Com post conve rter

Nature's Choice trellis range A versatile tre llis system , offering gardeners many different permutat ions of plan t su pport, uses a mater ial mad e of So per cen t-recycled and 20 per cent-virgin po lystyrene, wh ich is ava ilable in four pe rmanent UY-stable

co lours. It looks and fee ls like woo d, yet this recycled material is water- and rot-res istant and does not need any toxic preservatives as required by con vent ional timber trellis.

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Metpost, UK

320

0

Metpost, UK

320

Polystyrene

34 '

• Recycledmaterials • Reductionintoxic

327, 329

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consumabfes

Manufactured from 95 per cent-recycled plastic, the 220 -litre (48-gal) ca pacity Compost Con verte r is a strong, rigid bin with a wide to p ape rture , wh ich facilitates disposal of biodegradable domestic and garden waste and its co nversion into compost. A wide hatch at the bottom permits removal of the mature compost. Blackwall make a range of compost bin s from 200 litres up to 708 lit res (44-15 6gals) capacity for domestic use , from injection-moulded, flat-pack, wood-g rain-effect, recycled thermo plastic bins to blow-moulded , cylind rical bins mounted on a tubular galvan izedsteel frame, permitting aeration of the compost by reg ular inve rsio n or tumbling. Bins are guaranteed for at least ten yea rs.

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BlackwallLtd, UK

313

BlackwallLtd, UK

313

Plastics, tubular galvanizedsteel • Encourageslocal composting • Recycledmaterials

283• 295 327, 330

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eartlenir:lg Pedal Lawnm ower Traditional 'pushmowers' are fine for a pocket-handkerchief lawn but even these have been usurped by electric 'f1ymos' and petrol-driven, twostro ke-engined mowers. Pedal power in this four-wheeled mower ensures exercise for the driver, easy coverage of medium to large lawns and zero emissions.

M icroBor e Porous piping placed in or on the soil surface provides a means for the precise deliveryof water direct to the plant root zone. The flexible, rubber-based hose made from shredded, recycled tyres is perforated with holes, allowi ng water to trickle into the soil. Pipe diameters varyfrom 4mm or 7mm (1/6-1/4 inch) for the MicroBore, which is ideal for watering window boxes and office plant displays, to 13mm,16mm or zzmm (1/z, 1/3 or 9/10 inch) for the HortiBore and

ProBore, which are for commercial horticulture and landscaping. System accessories allowyou to custom ize the irrigation system and permit the use of stored rainwater with inline filters, taps , teejunctions and end-stops.

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Porous Pipe, UK

322

0

Porous Pipe. UK

322

Recycledlyres

283

• Waterconservation • Recycled materials

327, 330

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Solar mo wer

an area of up to 1,ZOO square metres (l,44osq yds). By 1998 the Auto Mower offered another robotics-driven option able to recharge itself from a mains electricitysu pply.

In 1997 Husqvarna combined robotic technology with solar power to create a unique lawnmower capable of autonomously maintaining

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HusqvarnafThe Electrolux Group, Sweden HusqvarnafThe Electrolux Group, Sweden Photovoltaies, plasties, metals,motor, battery • Solar-powered • Zero emissions

35 ' 35 ' 283, 295 329

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Remko Killaars, 308 graduatestudent, Design Academy Eindhoven, Netherlands Prototype Metals,rubber, plasties • Zero emissions • Ease of maintenance and repair

283, 295 329

Consumer Electronics o ~I------------------------l..... (ii' ~ til

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Glass Sound

Chunky speaker cabinets are redundant in this ultimate minimalist sound system , Suspe nded from sta inless-steel wires, which

ChristopherHoser, 30 6 , Designteam, ClasPlatz, 3 '7 Cermanu GlasPlatz, Cermany 317 Glass, stainless steel

295

• Minimalusageof materials iFEcology Design Award, 20·00

327 332

carrythe signal, a th in glass diaphragm emits sound waves, This syste m uses NXTtechnology to deliver the so und,

V-M ailcame ra An adjusta ble tripod and variable focal-length lens permit digitization of any flat-copy graphical or photogra phic original and 3-D scene. Linking directly with a PC permits instant downloading of image files via a use r-friendly interface. This award-winning camera embodies Philips's des ign ethos by using recyclable materials.

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Philips Design, Netherlands PhilipsElectronics, Netherlands Recyclable plastics and metals • Recyclablematerials • Dematerialization of photographicprocess Winner, ColdIndustrial Design Excellence Award, '999, Industrial SocietyofAmerica

309 322 28 3, 295 327

-Canon IXUS A new film format, Advanced Photo System (APS), was introduced worldwide by the photographic indust ry in the mid-1990s. APS encouraged new camera designs since the film area is 24 per cent sma ller than standard 3smm film, resu lting in much smaller cameras than conventiona l SLRs. Other advantages include multiformat-frame option (norm al, intermediate or panoramic), automa tic mid-fil m rewind/r euse and a strip on the edge of the film that records exposure deta ils to improve printing results. In short, APS offers significant reductions in the cons umption of raw materials, film and prints in

the cons umer market. Launched in 1996, the IXU S came ra quickly became the compact camera to carry in your pocket and was probably responsible for converting many newcomers to APS,

with its James Bond looks and sha rp prints . The current mode l is the IXUS -Mi.

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YasushiShiotani, Canon, Inc.,j apan Canon, Inc.,j apan

310, 3 '4 314

Stainlesssteel, 34 ' polycarbonate, ABS . • Reductionin materials 32 7 and consumables usage

Digit al M avica FD73H Digital cameras dematerialize the process of photograp hy by replacing silver halide film with a light-sensitive digital recorder. From the mid1990S onwards a steady trickle of digita l cameras

eme rged for the consumer market from the world's leading photog raphicequipment manufacturers. By 1998 there were over fifty models with a mesm erizing range of different PC cards (CompactFlash, SmartMedia and PCMCIA) , providing transfer media in which to sto re images prior to downloading to the compute r. Sony, st reetwise as ever, avoided the battle raging between the different storag e formats and launched the Digital Mavica FD7, which sto red images on the ubiquitous 3.S-inch floppy disk. No need for s pecial PC card reade rs or camera-tocompute r cabling, simply

pop in the floppy and instantly view your images. Sony's design is innovative and is inherently less demand ing of the environment since cons umers don 't need to buy new computer peripherals.

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Shin Miyashita, Sony Corporation,japan SonyCorporation, j apan Plastics, metals, electronics, CCOchip, Jloppydisk • Encourages dematerialization(oj photographicfilm) • Universal storage medium

309, 324 324 341

327

Consumer Electronics FreeplayFPRzand GlobalShortwave radios Inventor Trevor Bayliss was str uck by the difficultie s of t rying to infor m and ed ucate the societies of developing countr ies us ing th e media of television and rad io. The absence of m ains electricity an d high cost of batt eries mean th at m illion s do not have access to m edia that th e deve lop ing wo rld takes for grante d. His sol ut ion was to design a radio th at co uld wo rk by human power. Just s ixty ma nual turn s of th e origi nal BayGen on -boa rd ge ne rato r provided t hirty minute s of playing tim e. Provisio n of AM, FM and SW ba nd widt h wa s

necessary for ga ining access to a wide ran ge of freq ue ncie s fo r ma ximu m local pen etr at ion of program mes , be t hey news , cu ltura l item s, nat ural d isas ter an d health wa rnings, o r d ista nce lea rni ng and lite racy initiat ives. An ABS cas ing was se lecte d because it was d urable , water resis ta nt, att ract ive and easy to manufacture. The radio was or igina lly ma nufactu red in Sou t h Africa, whe re th e factory e mp loyed a high prop ort ion of's pecia l nee ds' adu lts, giving them much -nee de d work

experience an d the rapy. Th e rad io has been e ndorsed internationally by aid agencies and United Natio ns prog rammes. More recen t m odels develop ed by Freepl ay Ener gy Europ e for th e inte rna tio na l mark et include co nte mporary t ran sp arent plasti c cas ings, a so lar pa nel for power ge nera tion a nd a ma ins electr icity ada ptor. If the main s electr icity . is pur chased fro m a renewable so urce t hese new mo de ls retai n th eir or igina l environmen tal se ns ibilities. However, if everyo ne si mp ly plugs the radios into a m ains socket us ing elect ricity from a coa l-burn ing powe r stat ion, then Freep lay ma y have dr ifted off-ta rget. Are we rea llytoo lazy to crank a han dle to hea r ou r favo urite radio sta tion?

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Freep/ay EnergyEurope, 31] UK

Freep/ay Energy Europe, 3'] UK Van"ous

• Human· ondforsolarpowered

32 9

Freeplay S360 The or igina l BayGen Free play wind-up rad io was designed fo r use by remo te com m un ities in Africa. Dem an d from ret ailers in deve loped co un t ries soon led to th e developme nt of new models for th e co ns umer m arket. First ca me a t riple-p ower o ption - wind-up, so lar, mains but it ret ain ed t he bu lk an d weig ht of the o rigina l design . Next ca me thi s lightwe ight, co m pact vers ion wit h a so lar pa ne l, wind-up ge ne rato r a nd energy-sto rage un it providi ng up to fifteen ho u rs of rad io liste ning.

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Freep/ayEnergy Europe, 31] UK

Freep/ay Energy Europe, 31] UK

Various • Renewable solaror human energy • Mostcomponents recyclable

329

Consumer Electronics Radio The designer of th is radio rejected the current obsession with miniaturizing everything and could therefore explore the use of non-plastic materials, in th is case wood from old machine boxes. MDFwas used for inner panels and dyed fabrics from old flour bags for the front and back panels. Consumer s can choose the colour of the fabric dye and there's a special button for the user to select his/h er favourite radio statio n. Use of natural materials and handfinished production potentially create an object that will resist the tide of fashion. It can be made in smallworkshops, therebycreating new rural employment and so avoiding centralization of production in urban areas.

This design harks back to the early aspirations of the leading Arts and Crafts designers in late nineteenth-centu ry Britain but updates the process wit h a modern aesthetic and a rechargeable battery. The wooden case will develop a patina with old age and it is interesting to speculate whether this will endear it to its owner. Plastic tends not to age with grace.

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SinghS Kationo,

AE lOOO Free-power

Radio

308

Indonesia

Smallbatch production

Reused wood, MDF, 341 fabric, rechargeable battery • Renewable andreused 32 7, ,~ materials 329 • Rechargeableenergy source •Antifa shianandantiobsolescence

Philips have ta ken the concept of the original BayGen wind-up radios and shrunk them to create a pocket-sized version. Thanks to the built-in high-effi ciency power generator, one minute's winding of t he handle provides enough electricityfor thirty minutes' listening time to AM /FM programm es. A LEDdisplay lights up when the charge rate reaches opt imal speed. No more batteries, no more searching for the mains adapt or, because th is handy radio needs only muscle power.

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MikeJerome, Philips 30 7 Electronics, Netherlands Philips Electronics, 32 2 Netherlands Various

~

• Renewable energy

32 9

Tykho Tough thermoplastics predominate in casings for electronic goods but Marc Berthier demonstrates that bucking convention produces a new sexy look for his VHF radio. Rubber also confers benefits over plastics by offering some shock resista nce and weatherproofing.

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Marc Benhier, France

30 4

Lexan Deisgn Concepts, France Rubber, electric components • Renewable and/or syntheticmaterial

319 28 3 327

Grund ig l S" ColourTV This TV o pe rates on 12V or 24V DC s upply a nd on 90V-26o V AC s upply at SO/60 Hz, m aking it sui ta ble for us e in rec reatio na l vehicles and boat s o r fo r low-volta ge domestic rene wabl e-energy systems . An inte rnal sate llite receiver a nd tun ing syste m guarantee good reception .

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FLS range This mod el range , da ting from '997, is an exampl e oflong-term t hinking , which ass um es that man ufacturers will in futu re normally take back elect ronic prod ucts afte r the en d of their se rviceab le

lives. The ou ter casin g is made from a sing le m aterial, which facilitate s recycling of the m ater ial when the produ ct reach es th e end of its life. Wate r· based pa ints reduce en vironmental load.

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Philips Corporate Design, Netherlands Philips Electronics, Netherlands Single-material, water· basedsuedepaints • Designfor disassembly and recycfing of materials

309

322 286-] 32] , 328

Grundig. Germany

3] '

Grundig, Germany

3']

Various • Low-voltage television set

32 9

Consumer Electronics SmartWood Les Paul Gibson Guitars are renowned for the quality and sound of their acoust ic and electric guitars. This model uses hard maple, Honduras mahogany and chechen woods certified under the SmartWood and FSC schemes and su pplied by EcoTimber, Inc. There's good evidence that 'Gibson' guitars are cherished by their owners and accordingly have an inbuilt longevity. Use of certified woods for highvalue products seems doubly to reinforce the message about designing for longevityusing materials from sustainable sources.

The Basic Bass Modular construct ion using standardized parts gives this instrument considerable flexibility. It can be used in guitar or standing pose and can be configured for left- or right-handed people. Microphones and electronics can be eas ily removed for repair or upgrading. Here is an object stripped down to its bare essent ials, minimalist yet functional.

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Jean-Remi Conti, 305 graduate student 2000, DesignAcademy Eindhoven, Netherlands Prototype Various • Reductioninmaterials usage • Upgradability • Universaldesign

327

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Gibson Guitars, USA

3 '7

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Gibson Guitars, USA

317

Variouswoods,metal, electronics • Renewable materials • Certified SmartWood, FSCtimber

295, 339 333

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ConsumerElectronics Xenium' 939 Dual

Band Savvy This feat ure-packed mobi le phone provides a 'joystick' central control to access men u options, whic h includ e a ca lculato r, clock wit h sto pwatch and games . Custo me rs ca n choose fro m a range of co lou red plastic com ponents to

customize the look of their phone. This same feat ure ensures parts are easily disassem bled to upd ate as fashion dictates or repair or recycle. With low powe r consum ption an d a 30 per cent reduction in th e number of components, Philips are st riving to give toda y's modern icon of communication a green conscience.

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Phi/ips Design, Netherlands Philips Electronics, Netherlands Recyclable plastics

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295 • Designfordisassembly 328, and recycling 329 • Lowenergy

•

consumption

309 322 283,

Philips Electron ics are continuously deve loping the ir po licy of designing products with reduced e nviron men ta l im pact , as is evide nt in th eir late st mob ile pho ne. With a casing of punched meta l, a 35 per cent red uction in components, redu ctio n in ene rgy consu mption and use of smaller recharge batteries, this phone has a smaller ecologcial footprint than previous models. At the en d of its life it is easil y

disassem bled into puregrade materials or material groups. And it blends funct iona lity with simple good looks .

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Philips Design, Netherlands Philips Electronics, Netherlands metal, electronics

30 9

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• Reductioninenergy consumptionand consumables iF Design Award, 20 00

329

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322 29 5

332

Consumer Electronics ROCKETeBOOK In a su preme irony , Amazo n.co m , on e of the most successful American Internet compan ies , sells old -fash ion ed , pa per -ba se d boo ks throug h th e electr o nic me d ium of t he Inte rnet. However, it may not be lo ng before Amazo n are po ised to delivered electr on ic boo ks via the Internet fo r co ns umers to read o n a device such as the ROCKET eBOO K, saving vast forests in the process. Alt ho ugh many prot otype electron ic boo ks we re st illbo rn in th e 1990 S, the cu rre nt gen er at ion of e-bo o ks a ppea rs to be ma king th e grade. Maybe th e book will a lso revive the co nce pt of the ' DailyMe' ne wsp ap er.

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RolfGrone and Dallas Grove, Palo AlIa Products intemationoi, USA NuvaMedia, USA

30 ] ,

309

32 1

ABS plastic, electronics 341 • Polentialhuge reductionin consumptionofpaper, printinginks. packagingand transport energy

32 ] ,

328

Mo rphy One project Open-sou rce software, in which develo pers have complete access to the source code in o rder to innovate with new ap plications, receive d a major boost rece ntly when Linus Torvals laun ched t he Linux operati ng system. Unlike the pro prietary systems of Microsoft, App le and ot her lead ing IT co mpan ies, Linu x is avai lable free for a ll to use . Yet until the adven t of the Morphy One pro ject, a n ope n-sou rce ha rdwa re

system , to complement the open-so urce software, was not avai lable. Mo rp hy O ne grew out of a ded icated Nifty Hewlett Packard user forum where users of t he Hp 200LX palmtop chatted on line. Whe n prod uction of th e HP 200LX ceased in October 1999 t he gro up asked t he q uestion 'what next?' . One gro up member, a Mr Toyozo (his e lectronic pse udo nym), began dev eloping new hardwa re circu itry, pu blis hed his res ults to the user group an d rece ived a fan tast ic

res ponse. The outcome is Morp hy O ne, a palmtop PC ca pa ble of run ning MSDOS an d Linux operating systems. Other ha rdware deve lopers have access to the design data and sou rce code. Morphy O ne provides a tiny lifeline to th ose wish ing to main tain a philanthrop ic influence on the deve lopme nt of th e Informat io n Age and ensu re t hat the globa l IT multinatio nals do n't dictate the whole process .

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MrToyozoandthe Nifty 309 Hewlett Packard PC user!arum,japanand worldwide Various prototypes Various • Open-access design or design with philanthropy'

327

Bob This cold -construction concrete vase challenges the dominance of ceram ics and searches for new expression s of that most modern of materials, conc rete . On ly a deta iled lifecycle ana lysis will reveal whether cera m ics, with their high -energy requ irement to fire the clay, are more or less be nign than concrete, which also requi res energy and results in em iss ions to the air d uring the ma nufactu re of the cement.

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Goods, Netherlands

317

Goods, Netherlands

317

Concrete

295

• Use ofnaturally abundantgeosphere materials

327, 340

Ecolo A boo klet co nceived and written by Enzo Mari an d pub lished by the renowned Italian manufacturer Alessi inspires the reader to transfo rm the effluent of co nsu mer culture into de licate , beautiful objects . A shampoo bottle is transforme d, like a butt erfly em e rging fro m its pupa, from use less sp en t object to grace ful flower vase. Design is ta ken out of th e hand s of the s pecialists and ret urn ed to the ma sse s.

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Enzo Mari, Italy

308

Alessi, Italy

312

Post·consumer

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containers • Reuse ofwaste objects • Democratizationof design

•

328

Fruit holders Take a se lection of red und ant cut lery, insert into a specia l mixt ure of co ncrete, allow to set , then kiln-fire to produ ce uniqu e devices for ho lding fruit. These whims ical des igns allow the fruit to take cen t re stage. Prob ab ly more suited to m an ufactu ring in sma ll batches, the des ign princip le ca n be ea sily ada pte d to prov ide a var iety offunct iona lobjects.

Malvinas Steel is one of the most efficient ly recycled metals in t he world but is rarely found in a decorat ive context o utsi de han d-for ged iro n fu rnitu re an d s imilar accessories . Here th is humble ma ter ial is eleva ted to an elegan t ce ntrepiece, s uitable for a table, sideboard or window s ill.

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Steel

295

• Recyclable mono· material

327

Wagga-Wagga

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Alfredo Haberliand Christophe Marchand. Italy Danese sri, Italy

Th is piece balances harm o ny and te ns io n us ing read ily available mat er ials. Th e principle can be extended to a wide range of materials using cold co nst ruction and /or heat de formation .

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CamilleJacobs, Australia Limited batch production a. Float glass, bamboo

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281, 295 327

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• Economyofmaterials usage • Recyclablematerials

PamelaHatton, UK

30 7

One-oift Concrete, reused kitchen 295. utensils 34 ' • Reuse of existing 34 0 products • Materials withlow embodied energy

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Spiralbaum This flat-pack , lasercut , plywood square unfolds as a he lix when suspended. It is the ultim at e in min ima list Christm as trees, is easil y stored away for t he next festive seaso n and saves ano t he r Sitka spruce from being consigned to th e la ndfill s ite each New Year.

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Feldmann a( Schultchen, Germany PrototypeforWerth Forstlechnik, Germany Plywood, stee! • Reusable product

316 326 295, 339 331

Spo nge vase Marce l Wanders commandeers nature's own manufacturing, adds his own porcelain t ube and se ts vase des ign on a new co urse . Design ers s hou ld act ively seek opportun ities for ' harves ting' nature's products , which, wit h minimal energy input or modification, ca n be reo man ufactured into new o bjects. Can we loo k forward to specia list ' pro duct farms ' where

sponges are ' biomanufactured ' in neat rows, bamboos grow to EU regul atio n size in specia lly built mou lds a nd bio-plas tics s po nta neo us ly grow to predetermi ned forms?

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MarcelWanders, Droog Design, Netherlands Wanders Wonders, Netherlands Naturalsponge, porcelain • Renewable material

306, 311 326 295 328

Ta bleware This ra nge of plates and serv ing platters is made from textured glass d iffusers removed from fluorescent light fittin gs in a US gove rnme nt build ing that was undergoing a refit.

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Maria Ruano, USA

310

Bedrock Industries, USA 3 '3 Recycledglass

295

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32]

4

lORAaward, '998

332

The Soft Vase

Ce ram ic bowls Ceramic waste from postconsumer and ind ust rial sources is ground and m ixed with fresh clay to produce these ' nat urally' colou red bowls. Coloration depe nds upon the was te stream .

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Annelies de l.eede, Netherlands Oak Product Design, Netherlands Ceramic waste, clay

305

• Recycled materials

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309 295

Cha lleng ing our perce pt ions abo ut polymer s and th e waywe use them, Hella jon ge rius expe rimented with flexible rubbe rized polyureth an e to create a tra ditiona lly styled vase . It provoke s us to question howwe value plastics. Objects made from plastics can be high lyvalued in the case of'designer' objects or regar ded as a throwaway item in the case of th e ubiquitous plastic bag. Instead of using hard d urable ce ra m ics o r tou gh shiny ASS, th e trad itiona l materials fo r a vase, Jongerius has chosen soft flexible polyurethane, thus encouraging the user to exper iment with altering the shape ofthe vase .

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HellaJongerius, JongeriusLab, Netherlands Droog Design, Netherlands Polyurethane, elastomers • Improveduserf riendliness • Durable • Recyclable

30 ]

306 283, 295 329

Attila Con su me rs' voracious appetite for co nven ience drinks will ensure th at th e humble steel o r a lum inium drinks can will be a feature of th e twenty-first-century lan dscape. While recycling of t hes e cans improved sig nificantly d uring the 1980 s, any device that actively encourages people to recycle m ore is a goo d thing . Attila is a dur able crusher th at is a pleasu re to use : sim ply place yo ur ca n in t he bottom of the trans lucent co lumn and enjoy t hat satisfy ing crump ling no ise as th e 'anvil' cru s he s th e can with the downward push of the arm s.

Cricket Consum ption of bott led water and soft d rinks co ntained in PET plast ic bott les has risen dram atically in the last decade, so an y device th at facilita tes recycling is to be welcome d . This witty bott le crus he r makes recycling fun and im proves storage ca pacity of containers for collecting waste bottles.

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Julian Brown, Studio Brown, UK RexiteSpA, Italy

305 323

Injection-moulded ABS, 297, polycarbonate, 340 Santoprene • Encourages waste 328 recycling

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JulianBrown, Studio Brown, UK Rexite SpA, Italy

305

Steel, pla'tic

283, 295 328

• Encourages waste recycling

323

LIN PACenvironmental kerbsidecollection box Since the introduction of the LI NPAC Environmental kerbs ide co llection box in 1996 to the city of Sheffield . UK. over twenty million plastic bottles have been diverted from landfill sites to recycling pla nts wher e

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LlNPAC Environmental, UK LlNPAC Environmental, UK UsedHOPEbottles

39 '

• Recycled materials • Encourages recycling

327. 328

the plastic is reused to create yet more boxes. This robu st box. with high. im pact an d -deformat ion cha ract eristic s, encoura ges greate r recycling by local au tho rities an d private contract ors.

39 ' 341

Zago™ Recycling domestic waste has an image problem , so anything th at can elevate thi s act ivity into fun is we lcom e. Three Zago'" t ria ngular rubbi sh bins mad e from flat-pack, recycled ca rdbo ard neatly sit together to form a

functional sep arator for different was te st reams . The ph otographi c exteriors clea rly indicate ea ch part icular waste stream a nd reinforce the messa ge that waste is a valuabl e resource.

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3'3

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34'

• Recycled materials • Encouragesrecycling

327. 328

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-Cutlery One design fits all in th is elegant example of a fork made from bamboo, beech or stee l. Manufacturing to this design with locally available rather than imported materials reduces transport energy.

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Patrick Laing, UK

308

Prototypes Bamboo, beech, steel • Universaldesign suitableforlocally available materials

281, 295 327

Bottle stopper and opener Oxo have a reputation for excellent attention to detail and ergonomics for their hand too ls. This easy-touse device combines two functions and thus improves on conventional products.

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Human Factorsinco30 7, development withOxo 321 International, USA OxoInternational, USA 321

Hardened rubber

,~ DualJunction device

283 329

Fold Minimal waste is generated from the cutt ing and stam ping of this basic range of cutlery, which is also witty and lightweight.

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WilliamWarren, UK

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Smallbatchproduction, ww.modcons, UK Stainless steel

326

• Economyofmaterials usage • Reductionin production waste

327, 328

295

Cutlerytool This could be the prototype for a 'universal' cutlery des ign as it cleverly combines the functions of knife, fork, spoon and teaspoon all in one piece.

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310

Plastic

283, 295 327, 329

• Multifunctional • Economyofmaterials usage

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Esp resso or ca pp ucc ino ? The cho ice is you rs in this neat tablewa re, in which t he two part s are joined at the hip,

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308

Porcelain

295

• Dualf unction design • Economy ofmaterials usage

327, 32 9

323

Disposab le cutlery and bowl Popl ars are so me of the fast est grow ing tr ee s in Europ e whose biom ass ca n be harnessed to provide co m pos ta ble, disp osa ble cutlery.

Dr inking glass Clever cutti ng of two PET bottle s ena bles two sections to be rejoined; an o rigina l screw top is used as the clamp to form a new glass , It rem ain s un clear whethe r the offcuts are recycled or can be used to ge ne rate other pro d ucts s uch as na pkin rings ,

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308

Limitedbatch production PETbottles

34'

• Reused materials

328

•

MarcelWanders, Droog Design, Netherlands Prototypefor Oranienbaum project Poplarwood • Renewableand compostablematerial

306,

311

339 32 7

Drink ing vessel Boontje lovingly cuts, s mooths and blasts old wine bottles, giving them a minimali st makeover and a new lease oflife. As pitcher and dr inking glass they serve to remind us of the beauty of the material an d the unjustifia ble waste of one-trip packaging. as embodied in the original product.

W ine rack This flat-pac k, trian gula r. fluted polyprop ylene wine rack gene rate s no was te in its production as th e cuto uts are s u pplied as coa ste rs in th e mail order pac kage .

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Stuart Bristaw, UK

3°5

Designed to a 'I' Ltd, UK 306 Polypropylene

283, 295 • Zero production waste 32] , • Recyclable 328

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Tord Boontje. Netherlonds Smollbouh production

3°5

Post-consumerg!ass bottles • Recycledmoteriols • Low·energy manufacturing

328, 34 1 32] , 328

Basket 2 Hands With their range of colourful, robust. yet elegant household objects, Authe ntics have succeeded in elevating the status of plastic in the hom e. Grcic's min imalist a pproach. und erstan d ing of the raw m aterial a nd tongue-in-ch ee k reference to trad itiona l bas ket design encou rage resp ect from the use r.

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Barnacle In t he '990S Droog Des ign encou raged a reth ink for th e hu mbl e 2-D tile. Moerel expan ds the theme with these orga nic-sha pe d, earthenwa re ce ramic tiles. which offer visual re lief for all those bor ing bath roo m walls and provide a useful place to hang towels and clothes.

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Marre Moerel, Netherlands/USA Smallbatchproduction

30 8

Clay

295

• Useof abundant materialsfrom the geasphere • Durable • MultifUnctional

329 . 34 0

Konstantin Grdc, Germany Authenticsartipresent, Germany Recyclable polypropylene • Recyclablematerial

307 313 28 3• 295 327

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Elster Inexpensive renewable materials are comb ined to create a funne l-shaped oblong waste paper basket made by hand. Brown packaging paper is stretched taut and glued

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This simple technology has been applied by Wettstein to other furnitu re items such as armchairs, footstools and chaises longues.

Coffeecream bottle

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Attention to detail provides environmental benefits for this family of bott les designed for the central dairy in Aargau. A sharp internal radius and inwardly curved rim at the bottle's mout h ensure that milkdoesn 't migrate around the screw thread. This facilitates ster ilization on reuse of the bott les, which in turn saves energy. Savings are also made on tra nsport energy, since the new bottle shape can be packed more densely.

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30 4

Glass, metal

295

• Reductionof energy consumption during manufacturingand distribution

327, 328

311 311

Wettstein

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288-9, 339 327, 328

• Renewable materials • Low-energy manufacturing

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Durex Avant i Natural or synthetic latex has long been the preferred material for manufacturing condoms but the material still suffers from an image problem. Latex produces its own distinctive odour and, owing to the thickness of material required to ens ure full protection during intercourse, can result in a lack of sensitivity to the wearer. It also produces an allergic reaction in some people. After considerable research a version of polyurethane proved itse lf in tests. It is as strong as latex but 40 per cent thinner, is odo urless and almost transparent. Add a little flavouring - do you fancy tangerine, strawberry, spearmint? - and here is

a little self-help device guaranteed to ass ist in population control and the fight against the spread of sexuallytransmitted diseases including AIDS .

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Ourex, UK

3'5

lR C Products, UK

3'9

Polyurethane

34'

• Anaid to reduce 328 population growthand improve human health

Earthsleeper' Made entirelyof Sundeala board from recycled newsprint with wood corner joints, and wood nuts and bolts, these coffins are highly biodegradable and make less environmenta l impact than conventional wooden coffins. Coffins are available readyassemb led or as flat-pack, self-assembly units.

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Vaccari l td, UK

325

Vaccari ltd, UK

325

Sundealaboard

29 2

• Recycled materials • Compostable

327, 328

Ecover"

eco-ball' " Those sensitive to today's chemically based washing powders have an alternative method available in the form of the eco-ba ll' ". This is a plastic ball, which contains ionic powder that releases ionized oxygen into the water and so facilitates penetration of water molecules into fabrics to release the dirt. A little washing sod a helps deal with very dirty washing but it is claimed that a set of three balls will help clean the equivalent of 750 washes before losing their activity.

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315

eco-bol!

315

Plastic, ionicpowder

283. 295 328

• Reduction ofusage of woshing powders

The name of Ecover, like The Body Shop, needs little introduction to those who became green consume rs in the 1980s. Established in ' 979, Ecover has always espoused a business policy that recognizes that economics must be in harmony with ecology. This policy extends to product development , the green architecture of its main factory in Belgium and the inte rnational distribution network throu gh twelve thousand small health food shops, still accountin g for 45 per cent of turnover, as well as the supermarket giants. Compan y policy dictates that product s must originate from a natura l source with a low level of toxicity to minimize the ir burden on the environment and they must be equally efficient as convent ional, more polluting products. Ecover products are not permitted to include petrochemical dete rgents / perfumes/ solvents/ acids, polycarboxylates, phosphon ates, animal soaps, perborate s, sulphates, colourings, phosphates , EDTA/NTA, optical brighteners and chlorine-based bleaches. Animal testing is also banned . Ecover also have an integrated packaging policy and encourage consumers to reflll r-litre (1 3 , . -gal) containers of washing-up liquid at shops stocking zy-litre (44-gal) bulk containers, which are themselves refilled at the facto ry. These polyethylene

bottles (with polypropylene tops) have extra-wide necks, a level indicator, plastic labels (also recyclable) and a life expectancy of twenty refills before recycling, saving on waste and landfill space. Ecover's product range includes washing powder, bleach, water softener, liquid wool wash and fabric conditioner.

Ecover Products, Belgium Ecover Products, Belgium Various cleaningagents, plastic containers • Reductionofwater· ,~ bornetoxins and pollutants • Reuseandrecyclingof containers • Retailingsystem geared tosmalland largeoutlets

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Fingerma x These finger brushe s offer creative opportunities to those who find holding a con vent ional pa int brush d ifficult. Universal fitting is ach ieved by mould ing a t he rmoplast ic resin polymer in a sp iral shape wit h a n ellipt ical crosssect io n.

Juice carton s

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305

• Universaldesign • Designforneed iFDesign Award, 2000

327, 328 332

316 296-7

In 19 96 at an exhibition e ntitled ' Recycling: Form s for the Next Centu ryAuster ity for Posterity', sta ged by the Crafts Coun cil in the UK, craftspeople s howed the ir s kill in reusing postconsumer waste to breathe life into new products. The cons ummate skill with wh ich t hese ca rto ns are woven and stitched togeth er and the final design revea l the sa tisfying outcomes that can be achieved with materials

given the gene ric labe l of 'waste'. Sim ilar materia ls and weaving techniques we re applied to a picn ic box who se tabl eware was all fash ioned from reused o r recycled materials.

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Lois Walpole, UK

311

One.off Post·consumerjuice cartons • Reusedandrecycled

materials

34 1 327, 328

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Here's a means of cutt ing down on the num ber of car journeys to local supermarkets. This monowheel trolley is capab le of carrying a week's worth of groceries, is easily manoeuvred and , after use, is folded up into a handy package. Ideal for regular or casual use, for leisure or travel purposes, the Kango leaves all those ugly, twowheel, tartan leathe rette trolleys in the dark.

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Feldmann + Schultchen, Germany PatentedpratotypeFeldmann + Schultchen, Germany Cordurafabric, rubber, Ibre.rei~forced plastic • Encourages energyefficient shopping

316 316

283 329

Muscle Power toothbrush Muscle Power prod ucts raise con su mer aware ness at t he poin t of purchase by posing the questio n, ' Do I rea lly nee d to buy a battery-powered toot h brush? ' The co ns ume r is confr onted with a cho ice of en ergy sou rces for the sim ple prevent ative healthcar e task of bru sh ing his/her teeth . The so lution is provided by de sig ning a wind-up toothbru sh , which ca n be used in st atic mode, like a conventiona l toothbru sh , or can deliver a rigorous ma ssage. Schreuder fo und t hat th irty seco nds is the average time peo ple s pe nd clea ning thei r tee t h, but t hat up to two minutes is rea lly requi red

for effective action of fluorides. Fully wind up t he me ch anism and exact ly two minute s of powe r are delivered. A daily d rudge becom es less taxing, especia lly for chi ld re n, in whom habitfor ming hygiene need s to be induced.

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Hans Schreuder, Netherlands Muscle Power, MOY, Netherlands Plastics • Encouragesimproved health • Human-powered

310 320 283, 295 329

Magazine rack Pared down to the bare m inimum , the alum inium o ne-piece legs interlocking with the be nt and cut ply, th is magazine rack is a rationa l design with minim um usage of materials.

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MarkRogers, UK

310

Smallbatchproduction, 313 BUT, UK 295, Birchply,aluminium 339 • Economyofmaterials 328 usage

Mega Solar This solar clock is the mo dern equ ivalent of the sund ial, that anc ient dev ice for telling the time using the shadows cast by the sun . Tod ay the energy from the sun is harnessed by fitt ing a photovoltaic panel coupled to a battery. Even in no rtherly latitudes with cloud y days , sufficient ene rgy is stored to power the low-voltage dig ita l d isplay tha t gives an acc urate read -out of time a nd date .

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FrogDesign, Germany

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Junghans UhrenGmbH, 318 Germany Photovoltaics,electronic 34 1 components, battery • Reducedenergy 329 consumption

Mega i Pin Up clock Reviewing default uses of materi als for s pecific produ cts en courages experimentation. Rigid materials are th e no rm fo r clock face appli catio ns but Benza ha s been ins pired to use wool fleece pinn ed to the wall.

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Giovanni Pelloneand Bridget Means, Benza, USA Benza, Inc., USA

30 9

Woolfleece. pins. clock mechanism • Renewablematerial

34 '

33 '

328

There a re two ma in meth od s of provid ing e ne rgy to ope rate a wristwatch witho ut the need to wind it up me chan icallydaily or to use cons uma ble batteries . The first is kinet ic energy • in which movem ent of th e wear er gen erates a small electr ic current to power th e watch . The second, illust rated he re, is to ca pt ure the power of th e s un with a s ma ll photovolt aic pan el linked to a storage battery. So lar watche s are not new but th is min imalist yet rob ust design se ts a new benchmark.

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FrogDes;gn, Germany

306

Junghans UhrenGmbH, 318 Germany Photovoftaics, electronic 341 components,battery • Reducedenergy 32 9 consumption

Phoeni x Thermos off-cuts of was te cloth so urced from a manufactu rer of yacht sails are fabri cated into a dr awtop , double-layer bag filled wit h ins ulat ion wadding, to provide a thermal blan ket to keep drink s coo l or hot. Breakin g wit h the con vention of a rigid the rmo s flask, th e Phoenix Ther mo s is ea sily kept in a pocket o r handbag, read y to be used at a ny time. In on e sens e thi s design has a down s ide, s ince it appears to e ndo rse the culture of drinking read y bott led wate r a nd so ft drink s co nta ined in the ubiquitou s PET bottles. Ho wever , it will work jus t as well for a drin k m ade at home.

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SMAC,Sergio 308 Macchioni, Italy Smallbotch production, 308 SMAC, Sergio Macchioni, Ital Sailcloth, rope, metal 290-' , xoo -t

• Recycled materials

327

pi

Miscellaneous

Pet POd™ This quirky design makes a comfortable shelter and living space for a cat or small dog. The papier rnache gives insulation, so the Pet Pod is the ideal solution for pets housed in unheated buildings.

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Rollerbag This unique, one-wheeled trolleydoubles as a shopping bag or suitcase, taking the strain and coping with smooth or rough surfaces.

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• Dualjunctian object

329

Vaccari Ltd, UK

325

Vaccari Ltd, UK

325

Papiermach.

288-9

• Recycledmaterials • Compostoble

327, 330

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Stat ionery goods Reject circuit boards from electro nics manufacturers are reu sed as stiff protect ive covers for key ring s, ring bind ers, ph oto albu m s and clipb oa rds, As legislation forces e lect ronics manufactu rers to be more acco untable for d isp osal of was te and endof-life disposal of products, thi s type of was te m ay no lo nge r be availa ble for recycling, On e wo nders also what happ en s to th e reu sed circuit board s when they are discard ed by the co nsum er. Doe s th is fo rm of recycling disp ers e potential met al pollut ant s thr ou gh municipal la ndfills ? Cuto uts also manufacture sta tio nery product s fro m plastic sheeting m ad e fro m recycled HDPE an d LDPE,

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Cutouts, UK

314

Cutouts, UK

314

Recycled circuit boards, plastics <, • Reusedand recycled materials

341

§

327

U-Box This multipurpose polypropylene box offers several compartments and permits boxes to be stacked. It provides a versatile storage unit for home. workshop or office.

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Waste pape r bin The printing industry generates vast quantities of material that is never actually used for the purpose intended. Excess print runs, abandoned promotional literature, pulped magazines and books - the volume of waste generated is high. Forty-eight-sheet advertising posters are extremely difficult to recycle because of high concentrations of coloured

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inks and special waterproofed papers. These latter characteristics are ideal for certain new products, as Goods demonstrate with their eye-catching waste paper bins made out of the very same advertising posters . Creative ideas from a brainstorming sess ion often end up in the bin; now even the best ideas, with a wonderful ironic twist, become the bin! Goods. Netherlands

317

Goods, Netherlands

317

Unusedbillboard advertisements • Reuse of waste

341

• Low-energy

manufacturing

327, 328

HansjergMaier-Aichen. Authentics an ipresem, Germany Authentics artipresent, Germany Recyclable polypropylene • Recyclable materials • Multifunctional

308, 313 313 34 ' 327. 329

Bas ket Newspaper twisted into a yarn is woven with tough vines to create durable baskets with a unique look.

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Litter bin Waste metal strapping from shipping containers is woven a nd riveted into a robust bin suitable for use in a private gar den or pu blic s pace .

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Arunas o siopas, USA

309

One.off Metal

29 5

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• Reusedmaterials

328

4

IDRA award, 1998

332

BrianDougan. USA

30 6

One·offi Reusednewspoper. woodyvines • Reusedand renewable materials IDRAaward, 1998

281• 34 1 327. 328 332

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Post-modernism , with an Indian flavour, is invested in this mantel or tab le clock made fre m wood harvested from susta inable so urces and finished in coloured lacquers,

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Talking alarm clock This touc h-sensitive alarm clock made of 70 per centrecycled HDPE dem onst rates imaginative use of materials and ta kes clock design into the twenty-first centu ry. A clock with personality may, over time, encourage greater custodial care!

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Pedro Carrasco, Portugal Prototype

3°5

Recycled HOPE, clock mechanism • Recycled materials

341

327

lORAaward, 1995

332

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34 1 327 332

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2.1

I n the Office

2 .2

Transport

2.3 Public Spaces 2.4 Architecture

2.5 Machines 2.6 Other Products

Introduction

(Work: An Evolving Concept) Although there is a tendency to think of the world as one huge postindustrial society, the reality is that it is a myriad of societies, some still firm ly rooted in feudal agrarian systems, others heavily industrialized and st ill others dominated by service industries . It is therefore untrue, an d possi bly da nge rous ly mis leading, to thin k that everyo ne pe rceives problem s of s us tai na bility a nd work in th e same way. In th e deve loped world 'inform at ion' is jus t as mu ch a raw m ater ial as timb er, iron , steel a nd chem icals are in an ind ustria lized society. The m ain difference is in t hei r env ironme ntal im pacts . In the information society t he worker need s access to a workstation, wh ich may be in the office, at home or (in the case of a laptop computer) somewhere in between. Mobile phone and wireless technology means that workstations no longer have to be connected to physical local a rea networks (LANs) or fixed telecommunications points . The worker may not nee d to trave l persona lly to a physical place of wo rk an d th us less tra ns po rt ene rgy is used . In an ind ust rialized society, however, t he wo rker has to t ravel to t he facto ry where ot her worke rs and physica l ma terials are gat here d for the purpose offa bricating a prod uct. But bot h t he information an d ind ustria l workers consume finite

resources and energy and produce waste, toxins an d hazardous chemicals. All societies must therefore de sign products, materials and services that red uce th eir environmental im pacts. Work con tinues beyon d the wo rkplace. Domestic prod ucts that have beco me essent ial to a way of life, su ch as washi ng mac hines an d to ilets , need improvem ent s to inc reas e th eir efficiency of e ne rgy a nd wate r use. Oth er a ppliances s uch as kettl es and coo kers mu st a lso becom e mo re efficient during the ir live s as s uch and be cap able of disass emb ly for recycling of the ma ter ials at t he e nd of their lives. Transporting people and distributing goods Work involves trans porting people, distributing goods or both. While electronic networks can reduce the need to move people physically, most work involves some travel. More efficient transport systems are therefo re crit ical. Fuel efficiency needs to be improved for mod es of tra nsport that run o n inte rnal combustion eng ines . At t he same time , lower-imp act fue ls a nd tr an sp ort products powered with re newab le ene rgy need to be develop ed . Above all, pu blic tra nsp ort syste ms have to be coordi nate d to provide peop le with the flexibility an d free dom. The average super-

market, furniture store or trade outlet, especially in the deve loped northern hemisphere, will have prod ucts from all over the wo rld. Transported over great dista nces, expend ing vast quantities of energy, a prod uct's trans port energy can sometimes exceed the ene rgy used to make it. Red uction in packaging weig ht an d volume is a perenn ial challenge to dis trib utor s. Even th e sm allest sav ing in packaging for eac h produ ct can repr esent hu ge sav ings in tr ansport e nergy and wast e produ ction for the ret ailer or m idd le-m an in th e d istributio n cha in. On e-way-trip packaging ca n ofte n be replaced by lightwe igh t, reusa ble packaging systems, a nd a e m phasis o n local prod ucts sol d in local markets cou ld also re s ult in large savings. Working lightly: a sustainable day At the office and factory more efficient working practi ces are aided by welldesigned , d urable, eas ily main tained prod ucts. It is now possible to have o ne office machine to serve a network and provide fac ilitie s to fax, photoco py, print a nd sca n. Digital files ca n be s hare d on local and internationa l netw orks. The pap erless office is a parti al reality. O ffices can be equipp ed with durable, mo d ular furni tu re systems an d ca rpets can be replac ed un der a leasema inte nance contract.

Office consumables can use recycled content and reus ed components. In industrial production facilities de signers, in coordination with environmen ta l managers, can reduce inputs of energy and materials an d increase efficiencies in prod uctio n and distr ibutio n. Waste strea ms pro vide a nother so urce of raw m aterial and closed- loop recycling of process che m icals a nd materials e ns ures im proved eco-efficien cy, bett er profits a nd im proved wo rker health . Design ca n help deliver a 'trip le bott om line ' of redu ced imp acts on th e e nvironment, im proved social benefits an d profitab ility. Wor k tasks in th e home vary from washi ng th e d ishes , the cloth es or the car to kee ping the house in goo d re pair . Futu re activities might include maintenance to check the efficacy of renewable powe r ap pliances or wate rconservation systems or removing compost from the waterless toilet. A s ustainable wo rking day in 2025 might invo lve some of the prod ucts tha t follow on th ese pages.

Lights XK series Exit s igns fitte d wit h incandescent lam ps can now be fitted wit h energyefficient LED lamps with potential energy savings of up to 90 per cent. A retrofitting kit includ es th e appropriate scr ew bases and sockets .

Arena Vision 401 This oval -shaped unit is s uitab le for exterior and interior light ing of sports facilities. Light output has been im proved by 10-15 per cent for the same power input. Disas sembly allows sep aration of th e component m ater ials a nd most parts can be recycled .

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Phi/ip, De' ign, Netherland, Philip, Electronics, Netherland, Die·cast aluminium, glass • Improvedenergy efficiency • De,ignfardi,assembly

309

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322

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295

328, 329

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LumatechCorporation, USA LumatechCorporation, USA LED,

320

• Improvedenergy efficiency

329

32 0

Virtual Daylight' system s Many office workers suffer from fat igue and illnes s as a d irect res ult of the poo r lighting in th eir work environment. Virtual Daylight' " System s use a combination of pola rization , high . frequency and fulls pect rum technolo gy to rep rod uce daylight-quality illumination . The systems are designed to use les s e ne rgy than con venti on al office lighting and offe r a

sig nifican t boos t to th ose prone to Sea son al Affective Disorder (SAD) .

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Cleatvision Lighting,UK 3

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Clearvision Lighting,UK 314 Various

• Simulated daylightfor healthierwork environment

328

LEDlOO-TE The LED 100-TE syste m offer s a ran ge o f customized diffu se rs a nd reflect o rs fo r d own -light ing , which can be fitt ed into two basic hous ings . There are nine 'Architect ura l', fo u r 'Deco ' a nd six ' Eco ' d iffuser / reflecto r o ptions. Each ho us ing inco rpo rates a tilti ng light holder fo r lowenergy bulb s and is fitted with ele ctron ic co nt ro l gea r, s aving 30 per cent over conventional ballasts.

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ConcordLighting, UK

314

ConcordLighting, UK

34 '

Die-cast aluminium and polycarbonate • Energy-,aving, 329 cuslomizablelighting system

Biomorp h multi desk Correct postu re while working at a computer is essential for good health. This desk permits adjust me nt of the height of the platform s holding the com puter mon itor and the keyboa rd and features safe , rounded edges to all co m po ne nts.

., • Aeron The Aeron chair rep resents a st ep change in the way office cha irs are designed . It is man ufactured in t hree sizes to acco mm odate d iver sity of the hu m an form a nd weig ht, making it su itable for use rs up to 136kg (zoolb) in weight an d from th e first percen tile fem ale to th e ninety-ninth perce nt ile m ale. It has very advanced e rgonomics. Pneumatic height adjustment, a sophisticat ed Kinem at tilt system an d the Pellicle, a synth et ic, breathable, membrane, a re com ponents of t he seat pan, which adjusts to indiv id ual bod y sha pes . The m anufacturin g proce ss use s les s energy th an co nvent ional foam construc tion and the use of discret e co m pone nts of synth etic an d recycled

mate rials faci litate s d isas se mb ly and ease of re pair for worn com ponents (which are s ubs equ ently recycled) . Such des ign improves the long evity of the prod uct. Components are mad e of one material rath er th an a mixture of material s to facilitate futu re reu se and recycling.

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BillStumpfand Don Chadwick, Herman Miller Herman Miller, Inc, USA 199 1 to present Plastic (PET, ABS, nylon andglass-Jilled nylons), steel, aluminiumand f oam/fabric • Improved ergonomics • Designfordisassembly, recyclingand remanufacturing • Single·material components

305

318 341

328, 329

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Stephen Barlow304 Lawson, USA Ground Support Equip- 317 ment (US) Ltd, USA Paintedfibreboard, steel 339

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• Fullyadjustabledesk offershealth advantages

329

Cartoo ns Cartoons is a flexible, freestanding screen suitable for partition ing in domestic and office spaces. Corrugated paper-board extracted from pure cellulose is stiffened at the edges with a closure of cold-processed, CFCfree polyurethane and at the ends with diecast aluminium. This configuration allowsthe screen to be positioned in

Lap desk Officework practices, such as 'hot desking' and workingremotely via intra- and extra-nets, are nowadays demanding more flexibil ity from equipment. Desk space has never been at such a premium, so Haworth have

produced an accessory that improves efficiency in even the most overcrowded office - the Lap Desk, an extended area on which to rest your laptop compute r and use as a white-board for that vital 'to do' list.

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Howorth, lnc., USA

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Howorth, lnc., USA

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Variouspolymers

• MultifUnctionaloffice auessory

32 9

a sinuous style to suit the user and to be rolled up when not in use.

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Luigi Baroli, Italy

304

Baleriltalia SpA, Italy

3 '3

Corrugated paperboord, aluminium, CFCfree technopolymer • Renewableandjor recyclablemateria" • Clean production

339,

34 ' 32] , 328

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Natura In 1993 the company launched a new collection of office chairs, called ' Nat ura '. The basic prem ise of the design brief was to create a group of products that could be taken back by the company at the en d of thei r act ive life and be eas ily refu rbished or th e components reused. Add itio nal criteria were to im prove d ura bility, use env ironme nta lly benign ma ter ials and exte nd prod uct life. Grammer had to introduce a new system to perm it product ret urn and worked closely with existing customers to make s ure the scheme was accepted . This product range exemplifies producer resp onsibil ity and the adoption of th e long view. GrammerAG, Germany 317 GrammerAG, Germany 317 Various polymet>, 295-7 metalsincluding recycled content • Recyclable and 327, reusable materialsand 328 components • Producttake-back

Jump Stuff, Jump Stuffll Eve rybod y custom izes their do m estic s pace , so why not the work space too? Thro ugh an extended series of pro jects and development of conceptual prototypes in the mid- to late 1990S, such as the Flo & Eddy wor kstation , Haw orth examined the cogn itive e rgon o mics of the des k area. The outcome is the Jump Stuff system , which allows individuals to se lect the co m po nents they require to ma ximize the fu nctionality and comfort of the ir own de s ks. The spine of the syst em is a free -stand ing or panelJwall-mounted rail to which t he mo du lar components can be attached . Whatever yo ur regula r ta sks, yo u can attach and orient th e

ap prop riate accessory to t he mounting rail. Differe nt types of task lights can be attached to the rail and all the accessories ca n be eas ily ad justed for a ' hot des king' role . Although there a re four ba sic va riatio ns to the system it is also possible to purchase eac h m od ule independent ly so yo u can 'g row' the system to su it your needs.

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Haworth,lnc.,USA

317

Haworth, lnc., USA

317

Variousmetalsand polymm • MultifUnctional modularsystem • Designforneed

295-7 328, 329

Ensemble BlO This injection-moulded seat is made of Stapron N, a blend of ABS and PA, which is manufactured with integral air pockets. It is soft and more pliable and provides improved comfort over polypropylene, which is often used for this type of chair. Stapron N is designed to be fully recycla ble.

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Alfred Hofmann, 307 Denmark Fritz Hansen, Denmark 317 Stapron N, chromeplatedsteel • A recycfable plastic

295 327

Herman Miller Offic e Enviro nment Today's offices are often a conglomeration of products competin g for space and visual attention and bound together by a matrix of unruly cables. Traditionally designers of officespace treat flooring and furniture as distinct components. Not so Ross Lovegrove, who has considered office design literally from the floor up. The Herman MillerOffi ce Environment exploits the full panoply of modern materials to achieve an

integrated, modular but flexible system. Afloor tile sits on a baseplate providing a cavernous space for ducting of service cables and pipes. Table su pports fit into the tiles and lightweight table tops connect to the supports. This 3-D matrix offers a neutral, tran slucent, above-floor environment, which can be perfectly customized to suit clients' current and futu re needs. Precision-engineered componen ts encourage

easy maintenance, replacement of worn parts, expansion of existing faciliti es and ease of disassembly and reuse or recycling. As legislation for 'p roducer responsibility' gathers more mome ntum in the USA other manufacturers may be driven to rethink their existing designs . This system is one that shows the way.

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Ross Lovegrove, UK

308

Conceptualprototype, Herman Miller, USA Technopolymers, highimpactpolystyrene, aluminium, steel, gasfilled polymers • Custamizable, modularsystem • Designfor durability, maintenance and disassembly

318 295-7

328, 329

DrOol a This fully adjustable footrest, designed for peo ple who spend lon g hou rs at desks or workstatio ns , is made fro m recycled plast ic. Utilitarian objects, su ch as th is footre st, are idea l can didates for specifying recyclates as oppos ed to virgin materials.

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Philippe Starck, France

310

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VitroAG, Germany

326

Recycled plastics

34 1

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• Recycledand recyclable 327 materials • Singlematerialto facililaterecycling

Eddy workstation Co mfo rt an d ergonomics at the average office wo rkstation leave a lot to be desired . Haworth

considered a nu mbe r of concept des igns in 1996-97 tha t em braced co gnitive erg on om ics,

i.e. making the funct ionality of the spa ce mirro r the act ivity of the human brain. In this workstation ,

information, working notes a nd devices can be physically grou ped on the mo st relevant area of the curvilinea r fibreglass shelving .

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Clarkson Thorpeand Steve Beukema, Haworth, USA Prototype, Haworth, USA Fibreglass, Plexiglass, leather, silicone, latex rubber, steel • Improvedworking environmentfor greaterproductivity andcomfort

310, 317 3 '7

329

Model 40 70 Germany is the only country in the world where used laminated beverage cartons are transformed into dense , strong sheeting suitable for furniture, displays and office accesso ries. This set of conference table and chairs uses Tectan" fixed to steel frames. Tectan" comprises about 7S per cent paper, 20 per cent polyethylene and S per cent aluminium, reflecting the original ratio of materials in the cartons produced by international manufacturers such as TetraPak. Waste is collected under the DSD (Duales System Deutschland AG), then so rted and shredded to create downcycled feedstock of smm ('/5 in) particles. The feedstock is fed into a mould where it is su bjected to suffi cient heat and pressure to bond the particles without adding new adhesives.

LeapT'"seating Building on the lessons learnt from the design of the Protege Chair in ' 99 , ' teap '" Seating is one of Steelcase's leading products with respect to recycling, waste reduction and low-impact manufacturing. The basic design is verydurable but parts can be easily removed for repair or upgrading if required. At least 92 per cent of the chair's parts are recyclable and the cushioning used in the upholstery is made of SO per cent-recycled PET. During manufacture adhesives and paints with no or limited Volatile Organic Compound s (VOCs) and water-based metal-plating processes considerably reduce aquatic and aerial emissions. Employee working conditions at the Grand Rapids, Michigan, factoryhave also been reengineered to provide a more healthy environment. What will happen to the chair at the end of its life has not yet been defined, but leasing and take-back are options all responsible manufacturers willhave to consider in the near future.

Armchair Organic offi ce furniture is the aim of Adam Berkowitz, who uses oak from sustainably managed forests, woven hemp webbing and organic citrus oils and paints for finishing.

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Steelcase, Inc., USA

324

Steek ase, Inc., USA

324

Recycled PET, plated 34 1 steel, polyester • Designfordisassembly 327, andeaseofrepair 328 • Recycled andrecyclable materials • Low-impact manufacturing

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Adam Berkowitz, USA

30 4

ArborVitae, USA

3' 2

Oakwood, hempfabric, organicfinishes • Greenprocurement ,~ from certified sources • Renewable materials

29 0 -1, 339 327

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Tecton, Germany

324

Tecton, Germany

324

Tectone , steel

29 2

• Recycled materials

327

Furniture X-In Balance workplace screen

Economic use of materials is of direct benefit to the environment, yet achieving this aim is often a daunting task, in which lightness has to be balanced against the need to fulfi l functional requirement s. X-In Balance achieves this goal and more.

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Gerald Wurz,Austria

311

Nova Form/ Kautzky Mechanik,Austria Balloonsilk,steel

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• Economy ofmaterials usage • Lightweight recyclable materials • Lowenergy af manufacturing and transport

3 '9, 321 290'1, 295 327, 328

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Pict o, Kend o Stit z, FS range

Wilkhahn inititated a project in 1992 entitled 'Enviro nmental Control' with the support of the Ministry for Environm ental and Economic Affa irs for the state of LowerSaxony. Following an aud it of their corporate eco-balance of inputs and outputs, teams were set up to reduce environmental impacts in production and to select materials within an integrated IT framework. The Wilkhahn range of office seating is designed to minimize polluting

processes during production. Chrome plating of metals is avoided and upholstery is made from du rable, wearresistant wool and polyester fabrics without gluing or welding. Allfurniture is easily asse mbled/ disass embled/ maintained and individual com ponents can be recovered for recycl ing upon disasse mbly.

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Produkt Entwicklung Roericht, Germany Wilkhahn+ Hahne GmbH, Germany Pure-grade metals, thermoplastics • Clean production • Designfor disassembly and recycling

3°9 326 295 327, 328

Furniture

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This is ess entia lly a mod ular, orga nic range of office furn iture, wh ich at th e end of its useful life ca n be furthe r recycled or composted , retu rning the constituents back to the bios phere. Attention to detail ensu res a flexible working en vironment with a ran ge of furn iture configurations.

Office furniture This mo du lar system of s he lving, worktops an d des ks uses the composite materials Ho mos ote an d Mede x with the natura l look of card boar d in a m inima list design that emphasizes the simple virtues of the materials.

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Erez Steinbergand Gia 310 Giasullo, Studioeg, USA Studio eg, USA 324 Homa sote, Medex,

cardboard • Low-energymaterials • Modularsystem

Sundeala med ium board screen The orig inal Sun deala company bega n manufacturi ng fibreboa rd from waste cellulose in 1898 and for the last seven ty years Sundeala board s have ut ilized recycled newsp rint as the primary m at eria l. ' K' qua lity unb leached natur al board is for interior use, while 'A' quality with natural binder s and colourin g to red uce mois ture pen et ratio n is suitable for s helte red exterior use .

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314

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Celotex, UK

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recycled newsprint. 34 1 natural binders • Reduced waste disposal 32], • Recycled and recyclable 328 material

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Erez Steinberg. Studio egoUSA ads/ Studio ego USA

310

Organic materials, recycled andreused woodandpaper • Renewableand recyclablematerials • Lowenvironmental impact

34 1

324

32].

340

STEP Acombination of differentsized, lightweight, plywood veneered tabletops can be quickly assembled and linked together to form flexible arrangements as required. Legs and connecting plates are made of aluminium and all the various components can be sto red on a purposebuilt trolley.

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Viper Eliptical cross-section cardboard tub es made from recycled paper are connected to each other, top and bottom , by a specially moulded plastic capping. Extensive articulation between adjacent tu bes permits the screen to be rolled up when not in use.

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HansJakobsen, Denmark Fritz Hansen, Denmark

30 7

Cardboard, plastic

28 3, 288-9 327

• Recycled material

Karba{Karb, Switzerland, and Dyes, Germany Dyes,Germany

308, 3' 5

Aluminium,plywood

295

• Lightweight, multifunctional furniture

329

3'7

Supine workst ati on This bespoke workstation was designed for a computer specialist who found it impossible to work at a conventional desk for any length of time because of th ree fused vertebrae in his lower back. The Center for Rehabilitation Technology developed a workstation that can be rolled towards the chair and locked in position. Once the user is seated the chair can be tilted backwards and the monitor and keyboard swung into position.

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Julius T. Corkranand 305 AlanHarp, USA Centerfor Rehabilitation 30 5 Technology, Collegeof Architecture, Georgia InstituteafTechnalogy, USA Various • Designfor 329 personalization providing extracomfort

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Curva Reuse of existing materials or manufactured components requires verylittle or no energy input and is a quickway of reintroducing resources into the materials stream . De Denktank have come up with a stimulating example of reuse with their Curva flexible yet unbreakable ruler, made from discarded aluminium venetian-blind slats obtained from local recycl ing depots. Silkscreen printed graphics are printed on to the original coloured slats and 100 per cent-recycled packaging is used to protect the ruler during distribution and retailing. Simplicity is a key element of this design.

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De Denktank, Netherlands De Denktank, Netherlands Reused aluminium

305

• Reuseof materials • Low·energy ma nufaeturin~ Design Senseaward,

328

305 295

332

1999

Sanford UK is part of the Sanford Corporation, which is the world's largest manufacturer of pencils based upon waste wood products , a mixture of wood flour and polymers. Allwood-cased pencils manufactured by Sanford UK use wood from managed forests and, where possible, pencils are protected by water-based varnishes, which are hardened by ultraviolet light, rather than using solvent-based inks. Packaging and plastic waste are recycled at the production plant.

Episola Using a pencil as the fulcrum, this exquisitely simple set of scales allows letters to be graded for correct stamping, It also serves as a letter opener and involves minimal use of materials and energy during manufacturing.

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306

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324

Metal

295

• Econom yofmaterials ondlowembodied energy

327, 328, 34 0

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323

SanfordUKLtd. UK

323

Wood, water·based varnishes • Recycled materials • Clean production • Supply·chain management

298, 339 327, 328

SaveACup Remarkable recycled pencil Used polystyre ne cu ps from ve nd ing machines are s hredded and re-processed into a new ' plastic alloy', in wh ich graphite and other ma terials are mixed with po lystyrene and extrude d in a s pecia l die to crea te a new type of pencil. It perform s as we ll as trad itiona l 'lead' pe ncils and he lps reduce consumption of the timber that traditionally encases th e lead .

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Edward Douglas·Miller, 307, Remarkable Pencils, UK 323 Remarkable Pencils, UK 323

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Recycledpolystyrene, graphite, additives • Reduces resource consumption • Reduces waste production • Recycling

Drinks ve nding machine s da ily consume vast qu anti ties of standa rd Som rn polystyrene cups to satisfy the t hirst of office workers a nd use rs of public spaces. All thos e s pen t cups - what a waste! Save A Cup has organi zed d irect or thir d-party collectio n of use d cups in all the maj or UK cities, using s pecia lly des igned bins and mac hines to s hred th e cups . Co mpa nies regist e red with th e UK's Environ m ent Agen cy ca n obtain a Packaging Reco very Not e (PRN) for the to nnage recycled to com ply with th e UK Packaging Wast e Regulat io ns . The feeds tock

recyclate is s uita ble for low-grad e use s uch as pen s, rulers an d key rings .

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Save A CupRecycling Company, UK Save A CupRecycling Company, UK Polystyrene

323

• Recycled materials

327

323 341

34 '

GreenDisk

328

Ex-Microsoft program dis ks are recycled by del eti ng the dat a and trip le-testin g so as to guarantee that the y a re virus- and error-free. A new labe l is adde d and the dis ks are boxed in packs of ten o r twe nty-five using recycled brown ca rdboard.

Sensan'pen Gripping a pe n for an extended period ca n cause disco mfo rt. A soft, nontoxic ge l around th e grip area m ould s itself to fit the user's fingers as it warms up an d co nseque ntly im proves co mfort . On ce the gel cools it ret urn s to its orig inal shape.

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327

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WillatWriting Instruments, USA Metal,gel

327

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• Designforcomfortand 329 customization

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GreenDisk, USA

317

GreenDisk,USA

317

Recycledfloppydisks

34

• Reusingand recycling existing products

327

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EPSON Stylus Sca n 2000 Con vergen ce of digital technology has enabled Epso n to combine th ree functions in one machine, with significant savings in materials resources. This small desktop mach ine perm its printing , scann ing and copying and embod ies a design philos ophy that is

Single-handed keyboa rd 'Access for all' is the clarion cry of the prop on e nts of the Informat ion Age but con vention al keyboa rd design deni es access to individuals wit h disabilities. Maltron's single-ha nde d head/m out h stick keyboard s are too ls to he lp th em overcome this hurdl e an d to enjoy what others take fo r granted . The Etype keyboard is also a tool for t ho se suffering from repetitive strain injury (RSI), th at most

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mov ing toward s a Factor 4 red uctio n in resource us age. In recogniti on of the im po rtance of aesthetics in the office, it has a range of coloured cover panels, a llowing custo me rs to choo se o ne to complement their local decor.

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modern of ailments . • A curved keyboard and pa lm rest ing pads ensure less tiring mo vements.

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310

EpsonDeutschland GmbH, Germany Various

316

PCD Maltron Ltd,UK

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• Resourceefficiency

32 2

329

PCD Maltron Ltd, UK

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iFDesign Award, 2 000

32 2

332

Variousplastics. electronics • Improved userhealth • Improved au essto informationfor those withdisabilities

34 1 32 9

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GP225 series A photo cop ier, printer , fax machin e a nd, m ore recent ly, a scanner have become th e sta nda rd compl em en t of desktop equipment for most busin esse s. Can on 's Networ ked Office Syste ms , such as th e GP225 Series , have avoided th e

Seika Epson Corporouon .j apan

unn ecessa ry use of pap er when usin g individua l, mon o-funct ion mach ine s by integrat ing t he fun ction s into o ne networked system. Prod uctivity can be increased a nd use of cons umables, s uch as toner and pa per, is reduced .

Canon.japan

314

Canon,japan

314

Various • Reductionin consumablesand energyconsumption En vironmentalChoice EcoLogo M eco-label, Canada

328, 329

PagePro8 This compact desktop laser printer boasts a small footprint and low noise operation thanks to the absence of a ventilation fan. Low emissions, low ene rgyconsumption and a recyclable plastic casing combine to make the PagePr08 an excellent example of more environmentally conscious manufacturing.

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Yoshihiro Ichi, Industrial 30 7 DesignDivision, Minolto,japan Minolta,japan 320 Plasticcasing, electronics • Lowenergy

consumption • Low emissionof harmfulsubstances • Low noise • Recyclable materials iF EcologyDesign Award, 1999

283, 295 328 , 329

332

ECOSYS The current range of nine ECOSYS laser printers manufactured by Kyocera constitutes a modular design system that permits upgrading from a simple deskto p personal printer, the FS-680, capable of 8ppm, to the free-stand ing FS-gooo, which has an output of up to 36ppm. These printers use specially developed long-life drum techno logy rather tha n cartridges, so only the toner has to be replenished . Consequently maintenance requirement s and operating costs are low.

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Xe rox" Document Centre 470 a nd 460® se ries The XeroxCorporation was an earlyado pter of greener manufacturing, environmental ma nageme nt systems and product take-back. This has meant des igning standardized parts that are interchangeable across a range of products and are clearlyidentified to assist with reuse and recycling. Products are also des igned for ease of disassemblyto facilitate reuse, recycling or materials recovery. Areduction in the total number of parts in each machine is also cent ral to the compa ny's design philosophy. The Xerox"

Document Centre 470 and 460" series are typicalof networked, multifunctional

FA Porsche with Kyocera, japan Kyocera,japan

309 3' 9

Various • Reduction in consumabfes • Modularupgrade path

machines capable of copying, printing, faxing and scanning. The series

328

is EnergySta r compliant, the sleep mode requiring just 65watts, comp ared with , ,425watts in operationaland 260 watts in low power mode.

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Xerox Corporation, USA 326 XeroxCorporation, USA 326 Various 327, • Multifunctionality • Designfordisassembly 328, • Reduction inmaterials 329 usagein manufacturing • Producttake-back

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Multisync®LT 140 This lightwe ight, co m pact data projector has a PCMIA-ca rd drive, which perm its th e unit to be used with o ut linking up to a Pc. The total numbe r of com po ne nts has been kept to a m inim um and upo n dis ass em bly material s are ea s ily separate d into puregrade s. A slot is provided to st ore the remote control and a periph e ral mou se enabl es annotation s to be made on t he pro ject ed data.

This is the worl d's first PC to use 100 per cen trecycled plastics for t he cas ings for th e mon itor. CPU a nd keyboard. These co mponents a re up to 20 per cent chea pe r th an t hose m ade from virgin mat erials. A s ma ll deskto p foo t print is m atch ed to a high-s pecification works ta tion s uita ble for a ll typ es of professiona l uses fro m gra ph ics to financial and bu siness networ ks.

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IDEO Product Development.j apan NECDeutschland GmbH, Germany Various

307 321

• Economyof materials 327. usage 328 • Designfordisassembly iFEcologyDesign 332 Award, 2000

4

IBM Personal Systems GroupDesign. IBM Corporation, USA IBM Corporation. USA

318

Recycled plastics. electronics • Recycled content

283• 295 327

iFDesignAward, 2000

332

318

Packaging and Shipping

Air Box

Packaging materials are dead weight, which imposes a cost on the sende r or recipient and consumes transport energy. Li ghtweight yet st rong materials are the nirvana to which every packaging desig ner asp ires. Air Box is an off-the-shelf

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AirPackaging Techn ologies, USA AirPackaging Technologies, USA Nylonand polyethylene mixture • Lightweight, reusable packagingsystem

312 312 296-7 328

range of inflatable, tra nsparent nylonf PE bags with resealable valves, which add very litt le to gross parcel weight. Altho ugh the manufacturers advise additional external protection with cardboard to prevent puncture of the polymer mix, some users have discovered great publicity value in allowi ng the conte nts of their Ai r Boxes to be revealed. It is reported that IBM sent an invitation to a breakfast meeting with an egg enclosed.

Akylux

Airfil This lightweight packaging made of recyclable PE uses air as the shock-absorbing material to protect goods in transit. Aiml air bags are produced in standard and bespoke sizes, providing a viable, less expensive alternative to polystyrene 'chips' and 'bubble wrap'. The Airf]] system significantly reduces storage space requirements and allows a

reduction in the thickness of the outer packaging material. It is also reusa ble, clean and free of dust.

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AmasecAirjil, UK

312

AmasecAirjil, UK

3' 2

Polyethylene

29 6'7

• Reductioninmaterials 327, usage 328 • Use ofa recyclable plastic

Polypropylene sheeting is a resilient alternative to corrugated cardboard, especially when it can encourage multi-trip, reusable packaging. Kayserberg Packaging have designed numerous box systems with internal compa rtments , which can be reused for distribution of com ponents and finished products. Being the onlycompo nent in this product, the PP can easily be recycled when it reaches the end of its useful life.

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KayserbergPackaging, France KayserbergPackaging, France Polypropylene

• Reusableand recyclable • Blue Angeleeo-Iabel

319 319 296-7 328

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Cargill DawPalymers, USA/Netherlands Cargill DowPolymers, USA/Netherlands PLA - EcaPLA'

314

• Biodegradable plastic

327

314 283

Compostable organic refuse bag

Natural gourd packaging

Disposal of mun icipal biodegradable waste, such as leaves, grass and weeds, is facilitated by using this sack made of a biodegradable thermoplastic, polylactide or PLA, derived from lactic acid . At landfill or compost sites the bags can be disposed of along with the waste. These bags offer a number of advantages over kraft paper bags, such as improved strength for wet contents and easier handling.

Harnessing nature to manufacture standard ized goods has long been the preserve of the farmer, but now product designers may benefit too. Gourds, which are traditionally used in many tropical countries, can be encouraged to grow into specific shapes by surrounding them with a plywood mould , the final form being controlled by the intended usage.

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Cull-Un Pack This is a UN-certified packaging design for the transport of hazardous chemicals in glass containers. A strong moulded pulp base and top, made from used cardboard boxes , protects the containers, wh ich are enclosed in a corrugated cardboard outer. It meets

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RabertCullen al, Sans, UK RobertCullen al, Sons, UK 100 percent-recycled paperandboard • Recycled, renewable materials

323 323 288-9 327

AJ. Velthuizen,

311 European Design Centre, and R. S. Wall, RotterdamAcademyof Architecture al, Urban Planning. Netherlands Prototype

Gourds

339

• Renewable and 327, compostablematerials 28 • Verylow-energy 'bio- 3 manufacturing'

stringent safety tests, including a 1.9m (6ft) drop, which had previously been met only by using expanded polystyrene

packaging. All the materials are from recycled sources and the packs can be delivered flat, saving valuable delivery space.

IFCOreturnable t ransit packaging

(0. S4 sq ua re ft). At th e e nd of th eir usefu l working lives the po lypro pylene is recycled . An eco bala nce st udy by Ecob alance Appl ied Resea rch Gmb H revea led significa ntly less enviro nm enta l im pact from th e IFCO syste m t ha n from co nve nt iona l one-way co rruga ted car d boa rd boxes.

Eleven sta nda rd sizes of flat-pack, reusable plastic conta ine rs with ven tilate d s ides a re meant for t ransit packaging for a ll types of fres h produ ce. The IFCO system is use d in ove r thirty co un t ries a nd an es tima te d seve nty m illion packag ing unit s are in circulation. Com pat ible wit h loading o n Euro and ISO pa llets , th e units a re of co ns ta nt tare, a re eas ily clea ned and whe n fold ed redu ce sto rage space req uireme nts by 80 per cent. Unit weig htto -volume rat ios a re economic al: tare we ights va ry from 0 .6Skg (l ib 7oz) to 1.7Skg (31b'4oz ), giving res pective storage vo lum es of between 0 .0 1 sq uare m et res (0 .11 sq ua re ft) and o .OSsquare metres

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be sto red into o ne-t hird of its o riginal s ize by fold ing the s ides, thu s sav ing valua ble ca rgo s pace . Meeti ng EU sta nda rds and with a n expec te d serv ice life of ten yea rs, th e Palleco n 3 Autoflow can be en ti rely recycled at th e en d of its use ful life .

Pallecon 3Autoflow Mad e of sh eet and sol id ste el, thi s co nta ine r is s uita ble for t rans po rting a wide range of industria l liquid s from pha rmace utical produ ct s to foo ds t uffs. It is em ptied via a sum p through valves, which are recyclable, a nd is ea s ily cleaned betwe en co nsig nme nts . It ca n

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LSKIndustries Ply Ltd, Australia LSKIndustries Ply Ltd, Australia Steel

319

Single materialto facilitaterecycling • Reusableand recyclable o Potentialreducti onof transportenergy iFDesignAward, 2000

328, 329

o

319 295

332

International Food 318 Container Organization GmbH, Germany International Food 318 ContainerOrganization GmbH, Germany Polypropylene 296-7 • Recyclable single material o Closed loopsystem • Reductions inunit manufacturingand transport energy o BlueAngelecolabel

328, 329

D

VarioPac'i"

Presswood pallet Packaging Waste recovery and recycling regulations , so the reduced wood content of these pallets lowers the costs asso ciated with these obligations.

Unli ke traditional timber pallets, the ' Inka' pallets don't need to be fixed with staples or nails since they are manufactured from recycled timber waste bonded with waterresistant synthet ic resins. Other advantages over conventional pallets include more comp act stacking and lower tare weight. Standard pallet sizes meet current European regulations and are recyclable. As of January 200 0 , wood is included within the EU

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WeTZalit AG + Co., Germany WeTZalit AG + Co., Germany Waste timber,resins

326 326

• Recycled materials • Encouragesreduction intransport-energy consumption

284, 339 327, 328

The st ruggle to extract CDs from their protective covers is consigned to the past thanks to this well-conceived and -manufactured product. Simply press the lever in the corner to eject the CD. An ass ess ment by FH Li ppe of the VarioPac Rover conventiona l cases revealed that the

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tactile. translu cent and shatter -proof Metocene (metallocene polypropylene) requires 46 per cent less energy during manufacturing by injection moulding and reduces transport volume by 33 per cent - ample proof that this redesign reduces environm ental impacts. VarioPac Disc Systems GmbH, Germany Ehlebracht AG, Germany MetoceneX 5008,

3" 315 296-7

• Reduction of materials 327. usage 328 • Reduction of embodied and transport energy iFEcologyDesign 332 Award,2000

Rexpak' This multi-trip cardboard box is being tested by the food-di stribution industry in the UK. It is a collaps ible box that is reconstructed when required by folding and using tem porary

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Velcro" ta pe to keep its sha pe and strength. Each box is capable of up to ten trips before recycling, reducing materials consumption, labour and disposal costs . Rexam, UK

323

Rexam, UK

323

Corrugated cardboard

288-9

• Reusablepackaging

328

_

Sylvania An important part of the turnover of Sylvania Lighting Internationa l is directly to electrical equipment wholesalers. While retaining the strong corporate identity with minimal graphics (the light beam and polar curve), the clear techn ical information printed on plain brown

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Jiffy® Jiffy produce a range of bags to protect goods tra nsported via postal and courier systems . The padding is made of]2-75 per cent-recycled, shredded newsprint and the exterior is a tough brown paper, which permits the bags to be reused.

JiffY Packaging

318

0

Company Ltd, UK JiffY Packaging CompanyLtd, UK Recycled newsprint

318

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• Recycledmaterials • Reusable product

327, 328

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cardboard assists wholesalers in product identification while st ill providing adequate protection of the lamps. This philosophy is extended to other promotional and display material such as catalogues, retail displays and so on.

PremselaandVonk, Netherlands Sylvania Lighting Internationa l, Switzerland and USA Cardboard, paper, printing inks • Reduction in consumption of printing inks

310

288-9 330

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Schafer Eco Keg Die-cast, injectionmoulded, thermop lastic base and top clip on to the stainless-steel body of this beverage container, avoiding the need to glue in place rubber or

309

polyurethane sealing rings. All parts can be disassembled for repair, replacement and puregrade recycling. The container is suitable for all automated KEG plants

and can be stacked more eas ily than conventional containers , making for space savings and improved trans port efficiency.

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SchaferWerke GmbH, 323 Germany SchaferWerke GmbH, 323 Germany Stainlesssteel, 295 thermoplastic • Designfordurability, 328, disassemblyand 329 recyclability • Reductionintransport energy iFEcologyDesign 332 Award,2 00 0

Packaging and Shigping .... ::J

3MTM8ooo Contamination of recycled plastic feedstock with unknown types of plastic can render recyclate unusable and damage production plant. It is not always possible to create labels by embossing the information on components or products, so 3M have produced a stick-on label that can be used when recycl ing ABS

Top Box

The Top Box is a versatile storage container made of a collapsible, flat-pack, cardboard carcass with a hinged plastic lid incorporating a tamperproof catch and carrying handles. It is square in section and stackable and so can be efficie ntly stored or transported without occupying excessive space .

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SamsDesign and Reed Corrugated Cases,UK ReedCorrugated Cases, UK Cardboard, plastic • Reusable, multifunctional storagecontainer • Potential reductionin transport energy

Biopac

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339

• Biodegradable, compostable

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Hiep Nguyen, Gerald Schniedermeier, Yolanda Grievenow, Den Suoss, 3M Deutschland, Germany 3M Deutschland, Germany Plastics

312

• Q

310 310 288-9 328, 329

and polycarbonate, ABSfpolycarbonate mixes and polystyrene. Such plastics are common in the electronics indust rywhere identification of materials at disassembly will become more critical as the EU WEEE Directive on recycling of electronic equipment is applied over the next few years.

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312 283, 295 33°

332

Land

Allison bus An im provement in fuel economy of So per ce nt ove r co nven tiona l powered units is ac hieved by usin g th e Allison Elect ric Drives hybrid system deve loped Allison Trans mission , a s ubsidiary of Gen eral Moto rs. The syste m also gives a significa nt reduction in em issions of ca rbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, part iculate matter and nitrous oxide . The Allison Bus represents an opportunity to create

clea ne r public t rans po rt syste ms . A well-peo pled bus equi ppe d with s uch clea n technol ogy is patentl y mo re s usta ina ble tha n lots of single-occu pa ncy ca rs.

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General Motors,USA

317

General Motors,USA

317

Various

• Improvedfu el 329 efficiency • Reductioninemissions

Metropo litan express train In contrast to mos t mod ern t rains, th e interior of this new tr ain system is mad e of entirely natur al or recyclable ma teria ls. With mo ulded lam inated woo d shells a nd leathe r upholste ry, thi s design makes s ignifican t reference to the orig ina l 1956 He rma n Miller Model No. 670 an d 671 lounge chairs designed by Charles an d

Checkpoint and Checkt ag Loose wheel nuts can lead to acc idents, with loss of life and possible spillage of pollutants and to xins into the environment. Check po int

and Checktag are two types of plastic cap th at are pu shed over a nut once it has been tigh tened to t he correct to rque. The arrow s on

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each cap should be a ligned unless the nuts have wo rked themselves loose. A qu ick visua l check is all that is needed to ide ntifY a rogue nut.

Mike Marczynski, UK

30 8

Business Lines, UK

313

Plastic

28 3,

• Improvement inroad safety • Reductionin pollution

295 328, 329

Ray Eame s. For th ose who travel regularly by rail the little to uc he s, su ch as a pa dded head pillow, will be mu ch appreciated .

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gmp -Architekten, Germany DeutscheBahnAGand Metropalitan Express Train GmbH German Leather, plywood, stainless steel • Renewableand re elablematerials iFDesignAward, 2000

307 315

395 327 332

Land Cold Feather With a maximum gross weight of 40 tonnes for all European road haulage vehicles, any reduction in the tare weight of an empty vehicle means potentially more cargo capacity. The design team were able to remove two longitudinal chassis girders because the lightweight trailer body made of dual layers of composites was sufficiently rigid. The deck layer comprises a mixture of aramid composite, glass fibre and balsa wood with a high compres sion strength, and the underneat h layer consists of glass fibre and aluminium sheet with a PVC foam infill. Side panels are reinforced with carbon-

reinforced resin beams and the outer skin is made of an aramid-epoxyresin. Aramid textiles are specially woven in layers with the fibres in adjacent layers orientated at 45 degrees to each other, giving the m greater impact resistanc e and reducing flexing. Overall the design saves 3 tonnes tare weight over conventional desig ns.

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Team ofthirtydesign ers, 311 University ofTechnology, Delft, Netherlands Conceptual prototype Variouscomposites, steel,aluminium • Reduction infuel consumption

395 330

EVEC This device is fitted to the induction side of an internal combu stion engine and can deliver up to 62 per cent reduction of carbon monoxide and 35 per cent of hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases. According to the man ufacturers, lifecycle analysis shows

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a payback within 500 miles (800km) of the device's being fitted to a vehicle. EVEC can be retrofitted to old and new vehicles, unlike most catalytic converters, which work onlyon modern , lead-free fuel engines .

HawtalWhiting Environmental, UK Hawtal Whiting Environmental, UK Aluminium

31]

• Reduction ofexhaust emissions

329

31] 395

Tanksignal system Flexitec Traffic-calming systems installed using conventional techniques require considerable manpower and cause disruption to traffic during installation. Flexitec, a hard-wearing modu lar system of kerbs, blocks and ramps, manufactured from recycled rubber, is installed bybolting each module to the existing road surface. It reduces road congestion during installation and can be used for permanent or temporarytraffic calming.

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3' 3

• Recycled materials • Reusable system • Reduced energyof instal1ation

32] , 328

313 283

A radio transm itter monitors the fuel level in a storage tank and se nds the information to a telemetry device called a Signalman fitted to the custo mer's telephone network point. This Signalman updat es a PC at the fuel depot, so at any time the supplier can work out the best route and volume of fuel to deliver to his customers . This system can be used for domestic and industrial fuel su pplies. It is est imated that it could save up to half of the road journeys by delivery vehicles.

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SensorSystems Watchman, UK SensorSystems Watchman, UK Radio transmitter, telemetrydevice, PC • Significant reductionin transport energyto delivergoods

323 323 34 1 328

Land Electrically power assisted steering

Cont inuously regenerat ing trap

(EPAS)

(CRT)

Most power steering systems involve installation of a hydraulic motor and associated piping. EPAS uses an electronically cont rolled direct-drive electronic motor and claims to achieve a 5 per cent improvement in fuel economy and easy, maintenance-fee installation. More importantly, it avoids the risk of contamina tion of the vehicle and environment with corrosive hydraulic fluid, which can prevent recycling. EPAS technology has already been sold to sixcar manufacturers for installation in their new models.

The CRTis a catalytic converter and particle filter for diesel-engined city trucks and buses operating on low sulphur-type fuels. The converter oxidizes the particulate matte r at high temperatu res using

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Johnson Matthey, UK

TRW Lucas Varity Electrical Steering, UK TRW LucasVarity Electrical Steering, UK Various

325

• Improvedfuel consumption,avoids risk ofescaping pollutants

329

nitrous oxide rather than oxygen. As a result it is low-maintenance, requiring the filter to be turned in the housing every160,000km (100,000 miles).

Johnson Matthey, UK

•

Various

• Reduction of particulateemissions from dieselengines

32 5

Wheel Any technique that saves weight in road-vehicle wheels yields in-built savings in fuel consumption . Resin Transfer Moulding' " is a process of making lightweight, composite wheels. Textiles made of carbon-reinforced fibres are

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impregnated with catalyzed resin in a straightforward manufacturing process. Similar principles can be app lied to other products traditionally made out of meta l, such as safety helmets using aramidefibre-reinforced textiles.

Prins Dokkum BV, Netherlands Prins Dokkum BV, Netherlands Resin, carbonji brereinforcedtexliles • Reductioninfossilfuel consumption • Conservation ofmetal reserves

322 322 284, 300-1 328

Fuel catalyst Catalytic converters reduce the emissions from exhaust gases when retrofitted to internal combustion engines. Most use rare metals to 'treat' the gases. The Fuel Catalyst is a metallicalloy catalytic material made principally of tin-based materials, giving improved oxidat ion during combustion and therefore

generating a cleaner exhaust stream and improvingfuel efficiency. Each Fuel Catalyst is guaranteed to last 400,000km (250,000 miles). Users have reported reduction of exhaust emissions between 40 per cent and 70 per cent and fuel economy improved by 15per cent.

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322

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PowerMakersPlus, UK

322

Tin andothermetal alloys • Reduction of emissions, improved fue!economy

295

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328

land Buses Since the mid-1 990s the German commercial vehicle manufacturers MAN Nutzfahrzeuge have been testing working prototypes using natural gas (CNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), hydrogen fuel cells and a biofuel called rapeseed oil methylester (RM E) as an alternative to diesel fuel. Anarticulated bus powered byCNGdevelops 310 bhp but, in combination with closed-loop catalytic converters, conforms to Euro 3 emissions levels proposed by Germany, which are less than or equal to 2 g/ kWh carbon monoxide, 0.6 g/ kWh hydrocarbons, 5 g/kWh nitrous oxides and 0.1 g/kWh of particulate matter (PMlOS). These levels show a reduction factor

of between 3 and 5 of the Euro 1, 1990, exhaust legislation. Afurther benefit is a reduction in noise to almost half the normal level of a diesel-powered bus. MAN's commitment to

reducing environmental impacts is reflected in their accreditation to environmen tal management sta ndards including EMAS and, at the Steyr factory, ISO 14001.

with their lead cont ractor, BOC, the com pany examined ways of reducing vehicular emissions and noise pollution. This culminated in the development of a new fleet

of natural-gas-powered vehicles equipped with quiet, non-polluting cryoeutect ic refrigeration units. Compared with the original diesel-engined vehicles, emissio ns from the

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MAN Nutzfahrzeuge, Germany MAN Nutzfahrzeuge, Germany Various

32 0

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• Lowemissions • Low noisepollution

328, 32 9

320

Liquefiednatural gaspowered vehicle Chilledfood is delivered dailyto each store in the Marks & Spencer retail chain using articulated lorries with refrigeration units. Following a review of their distribution system

natural-gas vehicles produce 89 per cent fewer particulates, 69 per cent fewer nitrous oxides and approximately 10 to 20 per cent less carbon dioxide.

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Marksal. Spencerin partnershipwith Varity Perkins, ERF, Grayand Adamsand BOC Distribution Services, with supportfrom the EnergySavings Trust,

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Joint venturewith BOC,

~

• Significant reduction in 328, vehicle emissions and 329 noise

313

UK

313

UK

Various

Land Pas senger inform ation system Saving up to 60 per cent of the energyconsu mption of other pulse technology displays, this modular aluminium-framed passenger information

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Inteiform Design, Germany LUMINOLicht Elektronik GmbH, Germany Ceramic-coated dispersion glass, aluminium, LEOs • Reduction in energy consumption • Modulardesign with easeofmaintenance iFEcologyDesign Award, 2000

30 7 320

295

328, 329

332

system uses hundreds of LED s controlled with a patented system. With a legible display and clean lines, this system conveys information with maximum efficiency and minimum fuss. It is also easily maintained by one person.

Road trans port containers

Part ner Elect ric Companies and local authorities that regularly deliver or work in their own localities would do well to examine the potential role of electric vehicles in their fleet. Not onlycan electric vehicles deliver high fuelequivalent effic iency and low expenditu re but there is no local pollution generated

from emissions . And true zero emissions can be achieved if a renewable so urce of electricity is purchased. The Peugeot Partner Electric, which developed out of the Peugeot 106 Electric, is typical of the light electric vans available. It offers a payload of 500 kg (1,1001b),

3 cubic metres (106cu £I) capacity and provides a range of up to 64km (40 miles) on an overnight charge. Twenty-seven 6V nickel cadmium batteries power the 28kW direct current motor, which permits a top speed of g6kmJh (60mp h). Already these vans form part of the fleet of postal and courier companies, including the Royal Mail in the UK.

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Peugeot, France

322

Peugeot, France

322

Various

341

• Reduced emissions (if 329 electricity sourcedfrom non-renewables} • Zeroemissions (if electricitysourcedfrom renewables) • Noisereduction

Many trailers of road haulage vehicles work at undercapacity since their 'flatbed' design means many types of cargo cannot easily be accom modated. For example, how do you transp ort a mixed load com prising gases, fluids, 'flowable' powers and solids? A conceptual solution is to store nonsolids in strong bags that can be collapsed upon emptying. Potent ially this cou ld keep every vehicle operating nearer its gross carryi ng capacity and improve t ransport energy efficiency.

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University ofTechnology, 3" Delft, Netherlands Conceptual prototype Various

341

• MultiJimctionoluseof distribution road vehicles • Reducedfossilf uel consumption

329

Land

Solar electric vehicle An arra y of PV cells on the roof of the bus provides between one-third an d onefifth of the power, red ucing fuel co ns umption of t he conve ntional intern al comb ustion en gine. This desi gn dem onstrates the ability of solar power to reduce the output of combust ion gases and so help red uce pollut ion, espe cially in congested urba n area s.

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Fosterand Partners, UK 306 Prototype, '99 2-94 Various, including 34 1 photovoltoicpanels • Solarpowerand 329 reduction inuseoffossil fuels

Sol o Solo takes mid i-bus des ign to new lows - th at is, it provides a low-level platfo rm to e nable wheelcha ir user s to mou nt from pavement to bus by an exte ndable a uto matic ram p. A low ce ntre of gravity also produces less roll and a more comfortable ride for all.

And in the absence of any steps, buses can pick up and drop off pas sengers more qu ickly, enabling th em to keep accurately to their specified timetables and redu ce em iss io ns while idling.

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Optare, UK

32 1

Optare, UK

32 1

Various

34

• Equalaccessforall potential users to publictransport • Improved efficiencyof passenger loading/unloading

328

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Air

Centurion Following an evolutionary trajectory sta rted by NASA's early1990S Pathfinder, the Centurion is currently the world's largest unmanned ultra-light wing capable of sustaining high-altitude flights. With an incredible wingspan of 6l.8 m (203ft) and a wing area of lS3sq metres (l,647sq ft) almost entirely covered in photovoltaic panels, the S29kg (l,1641b)

vehicle can carry a payload of up to 272kg (S981b) to 240380 metres (Bo.oooft). Fourteen l.SkW electric motors are powered by the photovoltaics for up to fourteen or fifteen hours in daylight plus two to three hours in darkness using on-board lithium batteries. The objective of the ERAST programme is to extend the performance of the craft to enable continuous flying

even in extended periods of darkness. Capable of all sorts of monitor ing activities from high altitude, the Centurion could provide intelligence for a varietyof needs, including military, meteorological and biological, suc h as monito ring the health of growing crops and forests.

NASA's ERAST programme,

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AeroVironment, lnc.,

and Dryden Research Center, USA Prototype, 1999

Carbonjibre and graphite epaxy resins, Kevlar, hotovohoics • Solar-poweredair transponerjorsciemijic andmultifunctional missions

FanWing Moreover, it is simple and inexpensive to construct and therefore offers an econom ical air-transport system for everything from disaster relief work to fire-fighting and reconnaissance or traffic monitoring. Preliminary specifications for a three-

High speed, noise and huge fuel bills are the hallmarks of today's fixedwing aircraft. The FanWing, currently tested as a workingmodel prototype, is an aircraftwith nearvertical take-offcapab ilities that serves as a quiet, slow but fuel-effi cient, load-

Helios

carrying transporter. In an intriguing innovation, the designers have introduced a large rotor along the entire leading edge of the wing. The engine directly powers the rotor, which is capable of producing both liftand thrust as the crossflow fan pulls air in at the front and accelerates it over the trailin g edge of the wing. Wind-tunnel testing reveals 15kg (33 Ib) of lift per horsepower, equivalent to a payload capacity of 1 to 1.5 tonnes for a 100horsepower power unit.

passenger version show it weighing in at just 350kg (77olb)empty and having a top speed of 60 kmjh (37mph), a wingspan of 10 metres (33ft) and a flying time of ten hou rs.

/

FanWing,UK/Italy

0

Modelprototype

•

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316

Variou s

34 1

• Improvedfu el efficiency • Simple,low-cost construction

328 , 329

The Helios is an enlarged version of the Centurion 'flying wing'. It has a wingspan of]5 metres (247feet), which is two and a half times that of the Pathfinder flying wing and longer than that of a Boeing 747 jet. AeroVironment's ambit ion is to enable Helios to flyat 30,500 metres (lOO,OOOft) continuously for twenty· four hours and at 15,259 metres (50,000ft) for four days, all under solar power. This aircraft is known as an uninhabited aerial vehicle (UAV) and is suitable for remote sensi ng and

reconnaissance with a multiplicityof applications for recording the weather, changes in vegetation cover and military operat ions.

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NASA, Dryden Research Center, USA,with AeroVironment, lnc., USA NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, USA, withAeroVironmen.t, lnc., USA Photavaltaicmodules, lightweight metals and composites • Zero emissions • Renewable energy

304, 30 6

304, 30 6

34'

329

Air

BabyStingray Microlights and hang gliders are a familiar sight but the Baby Stingray makes a step change for small, lightweight, aeroplane travel. A single inflatable wing, spanning 13m (42ft lin), provides an aerodynamic, muscle-like structure whose shape can be altered by inflating or deflating internal

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compartments within the wing to provide directional control. A larger version is current lybeing tested for potentia l passenger use. It is a hybrid design, a postmodern airship, which uses helium gas to provide extra lift to the 'wing' and has potentially high fuel efficiency. AxelThallemer, Festa Corporate Design, Germany Prototype, Festa, Germany Various

316

• Energyefficiency • Reductioninair pollution

329

316 34 '

Trent 700 Rolls Royce, General Electric and Pratt and Whitney dominate engine manufacturing for aeroplanes. Rolls Royce have taken the lead in producing a fuel-efficient, lightweight and low-cost jet engine. Weight reduction was achieved with titanium fan blades comprising three sheets in close proximity, which were subjected to heat, causing flowof material and bridging between the layers to form a honeycomb structure. Other innovations include 'growing' metal by cont rolled cooling of the molten alloyin the mould to align all the molecules in one direction, forming an extre melystrong single crystal. The turbine blades are made of this metal, which can operate at almost twice the melting point of normal crystalline metal. At hree-shaft design is also

more efficient and easier to maintain and upgrade. Aeroplanes with Trent engines, such as the Airbus A330, can carry more passengers for the sa me fuel consu mption.

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323

Rolls Royce, UK

323

Various

34'

• Reductionoffossilfuel 328 , 329 consumption • Reduction ofair pollution

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Water

Solarshuttle 66 (Helio)and RA82 KopfAG are pioneers in developing solarpowered ferries for inland waterways, The Solarshuttle 66, otherwise known as the Helio, is a scaled-up version of a ferry, which has operated betweenGaienhofen, Germany, and Stoeckborn, Switzerland, since 1998. With a maximum speed of 24kmjh (lsmph), the Helio can operate for up to eight hours from the bank of 24 batteries without needing a recharge from the photovoltaic panels, The even larger RA82 has a capacityof 120 passengers ~

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DrHerbert Stark, Kapj AG, Germany KopjAG,Germany

310 319

Stainlesssteel,teakwood, 340 photovoltaics, batteries • Zeroemissions 329 '--- • Solarpower

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and is in service in Ham burg and Hannover. Low operating costs and

negligible environmenta l impacts could popu larize this transpo rt mode in

urban areas served by waterways and in ecologically sensitive areas.

Water

RA RA is a zero-emissions, solar-powered boat, which is ideal for freshwater transport where the pollution of conventional diesel or petrol motor boats is damaging to water quality. Built to a high specification using

Burmese teak and stainless steel, it contains raw materials that are extremely durable, low-maintenance and 100 per cent recyclable. Greenpeace, the international NGO, assisted in obtaining the construction materials.

An added benefit of the solar generation and electric motor system is its quietness of operation, making it a more fitting companion for aquatic wildlife.

Kopj AG, Germany Kopj AG, Germany

•

Stainless steel, teakwood, photovolta;es, batteries • Solarpower • Durabilit y • Zero emissions

Furniture Treetr unk bench Droog Design was comm issioned by the Kulturstiftung Dessau Wurlitz to create products for the seventeenth -century castle of Oranienbaum and its environs, in a dep ressed part of former East Germany. Bey brings a surrealist moment to woodland walkers with his witty bench fashioned from local cut timber and cast-bronze chair backs.

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De Euroba nk Baccarne produce a range of outdoor/ public seat ing excl usively from recycled plastics, a mix of polypropylene, polyvi nyl chloride and polyethylene obtained from postproduction waste streams such as window-frame manufact uring. Planks and sheeting provide basic yet tough functional furniture.

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Baccame Design, 304 Belgium Baccame bvba, Belgium 313

Recycled polypropylene, polyvinylchloride and polyethylene • Recycled materials

295

327

JurgenBey, Droog Design, Netherlands One.off, smallbatch production, Droog Design/ DMD, Netherlands Wood,bronze

304, 30 6 30 6, 315

339

• Renewable, loco! 327, materials 328 • Low-energyfabrication

Furniture

Navigato r series Ecologic produce a diverse ra nge of indoor a nd ou tdoor furn iture us ing a variety of recycled plastics or plastic co m pos ites . The Naviga tor picn ic ta ble ser ies includes a n extra-long slatted to p of ECOlum ber, which pe rm its wheelchair access adjacent to th e conventional fixed be nches. Solid recycled plastic fo rm s th e resilie nt base for th e to p an d ben che s. ECO+Plus indoor

bed room and living-roo m furn iture mixes solid woo d an d Environ?' , a bioco mp osit e of recycled pa pe r an d soy flour.

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Ecologic, USA

315

Ecologic, USA

315

Recycledplastic

295

• Recycledmaterials

32]

Sofanco Ston e is a mo st durab le natural mate ria l. Oscar Tusq uets Blanca has cap tured t he strength of this ma teria l but rendered it in a fluid, orga nic fo rm to create a design of great poten tial longevity, a lbe it requiring moderat e e ne rgy input dur ing m anu factu ring.

Street furniture

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OscorTusquets Blanco

305

Escofet, Spain

316

Stainlesssteel, reinforced cast stone • Natura', inorganic materials

295 328

Sm all and medi um-s ized enterprises (SMEs) ten d to be local e m ployers an d make an im po rtan t co ntr ibution to th e furn itu re manufacturing indu stry. Peo ple skilled in craft a nd indu st rial sm allbat ch prod uction typifY these co m pa nies . Pendlewood is s uch a co mpa ny o perat ing in th e north-west of Engla nd . All tim ber cons umed is recycled , reclaimed or from sustaina bly managed forests and ten ds to com e from loca l so urces.

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Pendiewood, UK

322

Pendlewood, UK

322

Hardwoods

339

• Recycled, reclaimed or surtainablesources of timber

32]

Furniture Publicseating Injection moulding is a process usually associated with single materials but in this case a bespoke biosynthetic composite material was used, comprising 60 per cent ALERT ' Moistu reshield' lOPE and cedar pulp, 40 per cent polypropylene and wood flour. This design demonstrates the potential of mixingplant derivatives with plastics but does raise questions about recycling and/or dispos al at the end of the product's life.

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SINEseat Extruded plastic lumber provides the catalyst for this innovative public seating, which can be fabricated to bespoke lengths and curvatures depend ing on the client's requirements . Two styles of cast aluminium frame, one with a backrest, permit further customization. Achieving similar results in hardwood would prove more costly. Utilizing the recycled plastic also means that expensive resources are released for more valued activities.

Dani/ea81ejerand Saskia 305 Bostelmann, Mexico Prototype LOPE, cedarpulp, polypropylene, waod flour • Reductionin useof synthetic materials

34'

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328

Photovoltaic umbrella Atilting mechan ism allows the umbrella to be angled to capture the maximum amount of energyas well as shading from sunlight on the photovoltaic panels. Batteries are housed in a planter that doubles as seating and conta ins lighting for night-time illumination.

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Cinzia Abbateforthe 304 Italian EnergyAuthority Prototype Photovoltaics, batteries

340

• Solar-powered, multifunctionalpublic seatingand shading

329

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VKa(C Partnership, UK 311 VK a(CPartnership, UK 311 Recycled plastics, 295 aluminium • Recycled and recyclable 327 materials

Furniture Solar callbox A cellular tra nsce iver co nnects t his co mmu nications point to a ce llular-tele phone networ k. The call box is powered by a 12V batte ry fed by a ph ot ovoltaic pan e l mo unted o n top of th e me ta l po le. It is suita ble for re mot e locat ions and for em ergen cy serv ices o n hig hways .

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Comarco Wireless Technologies, USA Camarco Wireless Technologies,USA Polyca rbanate, phatovaltaics, steel, battery • Solarpower

314 314

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34 0

32 9

ComPoint Epoch Epoch is a du rable, tou gh mat erial ma de of 100 per cen t-recycled HDPE and LDPE, offering s im ilar pro perties to ti mb er, me tal and co nc rete. EPP ma nu factu re a wide range of st reet furn itu re includin g be nches, sea ting, picn ic tables, plante rs, litter bins, fencing, sig nage and window boxes made wit h Epoch, which ca n be saw n

and fixed just like woo d but is im pervio us to most cor ros ive su bstances.

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Environmental Polymers 316 Group, UK Environmental Polymers 316 Group, UK Epoch recycled plastic 293

• Recycled materials

327

Wa ll-mo un te d a nd o pe n or cove red free-s tan ding comm unicat ions un its, equi ppe d wit h te lephon e a nd inform at ion syste ms , a re assem bled from basic mo d ules according to th e se rvices requ ired. All co m po ne nts are des igned fo r dis ass embl y, repa ir and /or recyclin g. Com Point is s uita ble for indoor and o utdoo r use and offers a wide range of cus tom izable optio ns .

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Landmark Designfor Public, Switzerland,Jor SwisscomAG Landmark Designfor Public, Switzerland Various

30 8

30 8 34 1

• Modulardesign 328 • Designfordisassembly

Lighting Nimbus Atou gh acrylic housing conta ins a 12V/ l lSAh (amp hour) sealed, maintena ncefree battery and a photovoltaic array of mono-crystalline silicon cells capable of generating 17.svolts/77 watts at an incoming radiation of 1,OOOW/ sq m. An inverter, charge controller and automa tic dus k switch and timer provide highly efficient use of stored power. Conventional lowpressure sodium lamps, low-energy fluorescent lamps or halogen bulbs can be fitted according to needs.

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(} Metronomis Anew range of street lightingby Philips is specially designed for energy-saving lamps and lowmaintenance. Modular components are durable and vandal-proof and permit different design permutations according to customers' preferences.

SolarSolutions (UK) , UK SolarSolutions (UK) , UK Photovoltaic array, stainless andgalvanized steel, acrylic • Solarpower • Lowmaintenance

324 324 295

329

Lumalux" Designed for exterior lighting, the Lumalux" is the first high-pressure sod ium lamp to eliminate all mercury and lead during construction to provide significantly cleaner production and reduce dispersal of toxic substances upon disposal. Osram Sylvania estimate this could save up to iyokg (3301 b) of mercury and 14 tonn es of lead annually. The Lumalux" Plus lamp readily meets the Federal hazardous waste regulations as it contains go per cent less mercurythan the standard Lumalux" and is constructe d with a leadfree welded base.

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Philips Design. Netherlands Philips Electronics. Netherlands Metal. glass, lamp

30 9 322 29 5

• Improved energy 328, efficiency 329 • Modulardesign • Designfordisassembly

Osram Sylvania, Germanyand USA Osram Sylvania, Germanyand USA Various

310, 3 21 310, 3 21

• Low mercurycontent • Cleaner production

328 , 329

339

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Lighting

Street Light F Power generation using solar cells offers an opportunityto re-examine the design parameter s for familiar objects. In this case the rectilinear shape of the 3S-cell solar array was the prime component in configuring the

polycarbonate diffuser to create the clean lines of this new generation of street lighting. Batteries in the base of the upright are capable of lighting the 18-watt fluorescent lamp for seven days wit hout a recharge.

... Tucan Designers, challenged to use renewable energy so urces to power street lighting, have eloquently met the challenge with this striking lamp by Ecke: Design. Tucan integrates the capacity to generate electricity from the sun with the need to radiate light. Here is an opportunity to rid ourselves

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RoyFleetwood, UK

30 6

YKK Architectural 326 Products, Inc.,Japan Aluminium polycarbonate, solarcells • Solarpower 329

of the banal visual language of traditional st reet lamp designs.

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Ecke: Design, Germany

306

UweBraunGmbH, 32 5 Germany Photovoltaicpanel, glass, 340 metal, batteries • Renewable power 329 source

Almere low-cost housing. Netherland s Standard 12m (40ft) stee l shipping containers form the basic structural framework, enabling rapid construction of low-cost housing. Reuse of an industrial comp onent for distribution as a static component in the built environment is a largescale attempt to extend the functionality of a manufactured product. Examination of the embodied energy of materials and the energy consume d during construction and running costs will reveal whether this is trulya useful housing concept with reduced environ mental impacts.

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BRE, N ew Environme nt al O ffice

Henk Tilder, architect, Netherlands Various

310

Shippingcontainers

34 0

• Reuseofexisting containers

328

Designed to use 30 per cent less energy than current 'bes t practice' in the UK, this building can accomm odate over a hundred people. Cooling is achieved by natura l automatic ventilation at night combined with ground water pumped th rough the concrete floors and ceilings, which has an efficiency of 1 kWh output for pumpin g to an equivalent 12-1 6 kWh cooling energy input. Timber and steel are the primary materials for the structure and originate predominantly from

recycled sources . Thanks to a com bination of the the rmal mass of the building, nat ural cooling and auto mated mon itoring syste ms, the building regulates its own climate.

~

Feilden CleggArchitects, 30 6 BuroHappa/d, and Max Fordham a( Partners,

0

Variouscontractors

UK

•

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Variou s

34 0

• Lowenergy 328 consumption • Increasedusage of materialsfrom recycled sources

Hope H ouse

Fred Although the concept is not new, Fred is a portable building with some special features . The basic room unit is 3 x 3 x 3 metres (27 cubic metres, 953 cubic ft) but the floor area can be do ubled to 18 square met res (1 94 square feet) by taking advantage of sliding wall/roof elements , which are electronically cont rolled. Each unit is equipped with a kitchen, toilet and shower and an area available for multipurpose use, but the basic utility services have to be connected . Afully glazed

wall provides excellent natural light and thick insulation in the walls and roof minimizes energy consumption.

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KFNKaufmannProdukt 308 GmbH, Germany Zimmerei Michael 30 8 Kaufmann, Germany Timber. metal, glass 295, • Resource-efficient mufti-usespace o Lowembodied energy of fabrication, transportand construction

339 328, 329

Exhibit ion hall Imagine a building of 3,600s q m (38,750sq ft) floor capacity made mainly of paper and cardboard. Impossible? Not in the hands of Shigeru Ban, the Japanese architect and designer with over two decades' experience of working with these materials to produce furniture and hous ing for disaster relief projects. The building premiered at EXPO 2000 in Hanover, where it became the first public building in the world

to feature a 35m-span (115ft) paper/pl ast ic textile roof supp orted with a latticework of tubu lar cardboard. The building is des igned to be demounta ble and reused.

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Shigeru Ban,Japan

304

Variouscontractors

Paper, cardboard, various o Renewable materials o A reusable building

288-9 327, 330

Hope House is a home, office, energy generator and leisure zone. Passive solar des ign combined with photovoltaic generation is sufficient to maintain an amb ient internal climate and to run a Citroen electric car for up to 8,500km (50300 miles) per year, resulting in a net saving of about 413 tonnes of carbon dioxide per year. Mains water usage is minimized by using a rainwater faucet for the toilets and

., •

laundry room. All greywater is reused to irrigate the garden after it has been passed through a sand filter. Thi project is a blueprint for a seventy-six-unit urban village with sun terraces planned for London by the Peabody Trust, a charitable organization that has , since Victorian times, been concerned with raising the social and environme ntal standards of British urban housi ng. BillDunsterArchitecls. MarkLovell,and Oscar Faber, UK Various Various

Integrated energyefficient home, workspace and domestictransport system • Waterconservation system Design Sense award, 1999 o

Model Buildings Hooke ParkTraining Centre and Westminster Lodge Untreat ed rou ndwood , of diameter 50 mm to 250 m m (aboutl!5to l in) - the thinnings from forestry ma nage ment - forms the bas ic co nst ruction material for un ique orga nic form s of arch itecture th at ta ke advantage of the nat ural properties of the timber. The Hooke Park Tra inin g Cent re is a large , free-sp an space ho us ing workshops for The Parnham Trust, whose college provide s training in furn itu re de sign with emphas is on us ing indigenous timber.

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John Makepeaceand ather'.i, HookeForest (Construction) Ltd, UK Hooke Forest (Construction) Ltd, UK Roundwood timber

307

• Useof timberfrom locaisourcesfor construction

327

307 339

SU-SI Man y peopl e as sociate mo bile or t railer homes with holiday parks an d du bio us lifestyles. Not so

this custom izable twe ntyfirst-ce nt ury modul ar hom e system , which can be erected o n s ite with in a

few hours and is easi ly d is assembled an d reuse d in ano the r locatio n. Th e factory-pro duced modul es meas ure 12.5 x 3.5 x 3 metres (41 x uft 6in x 9ft roin}, each one interl ocking with th e next to create vers atile do mestic, office o r exhibition s paces.

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KFN Kauf mann Produkt GmbH, Germany Zimmerei Michael Kaufmann, Germany Timber, metal, composites,glass • Resource-efficient reusable homes • Lowembodied energy offabrication, transportand construction iFDesign Award, 2000

308 308 295, 339 327, 328

332

Model Buildings The Seawater Greenhouse Powered by th e sun , co ld deep -sea wate r and the wind , this house in Ten er ife manufactures fresh water and coo l air. This e na bles horticultu ral produce to be raised in the integral greenho use. To meet th e low-cost

mod ulate th e gree nho use clima te . Buildings are large ly passive masses, their productivity be ing gene rate d by the activity inside. By con trast , internal act ivity wouldn 't ha ppen in th is house if the bu ilding we re not

Solar Office, Duxford International Business Park This office is de signed to incorporate goosq m (g,660sq ft) of photovoltaic ce lls into the so uth-facing glass facade inclined at 60 degree s. This array is ca pable of generating a pea k o ut put of 73kW eq uivalen t to 55,oo o kWh per annum, meeting between one- thir d a nd o ne-qua rte r of the expecte d ene rgy need s of the building . The solarpowered system is co m pleme nted by a natu ral stack ventilation system with sun -shading

brief evaporators we re made from corr ugated ca rdboar d. Over tim e th ese are naturally st re ngthe ned with depos its of calcium car bo nate from the sea water. Co nde nsers are of alumin ium and the main frame of the building is from steel , both recyclable . Recyclable polythene covers the steel frame a nd helps

wo rking properl y. Architect ure rebo rn as m an ufact uring ?

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Char/ie Polan, Light Works, UK Variouscontractors

309

Various

34 1

• Freshwatergenerator with renewablepower • Lawembodiedenergy and recyclable materials First prize, DesignSense award, '99 9

327 , 32 8 , 329

332

louvr es, both syst ems being con tro lled and mo nitored by computer. Pot enti al overa ll energy savings of two -thirds are an ticipate d com pa red with a conve nt iona l office build ing.

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AkelerDevelopments pic, UK AkelerDevelopments pic, UK Variousincluding photovoltaicarray, monitoringsystems • Energyconservation andgeneration

Weob ley Schools Sustainab le Develop ment

UNHCRs helter In 1995the United Nations HighCommission for Refugees adopted Shigeru Ban's design for temporary shelters made from 110 waterproofed cardboard tubes. His easy-toassemble structu res were used in Rwanda and, with modificationsto suit local needs, in the aftermath of the Kobe earthquake.

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Shigeru Ban.j apan

304

VitraAG, Switzerland

326

Cardbaard, 288-9 wate'Praofingagents • Renewable materials 327, • Lowenergy of 328 manufacturing. transport andossembly • Reusable buildings

Weobley Schools energy managemen t system is a test-bed to extend the sustainable energy initiatives of a local aut horityin response to Local Agenda 2 1. A holistic approach led to a wood-fuel boiler, using locally harvested coppice roundwood, which was chosen on the grounds that it was the most sustaina ble system. The coppice suppliers are paid according to the heat output of the wood (suppl ied as chips) rather than the quantity, encou raging quality supplies. Insulation is to very high standards coupled with computerized monito ring of the underfloor heating and internal environment of the building work in tandem with passive design featu res including solar shadin g, daylighting and natural ventilation. The net effect is a veryenergyefficient public building using local resources .

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Hereford",Worcester CountyCouncil,UK Variouscontractors

307

Biomassf uelfrom coppice • Energyconservation • Energygeneration usingbiomassfuels

339 328

Model Buildings

Airtecture Weighing just 6 to nnes and easily packed on to a road vehicle for transport, Festo's portable building comprises a protected floor space of over 357sq m (3,81Osq ft). This is achieved by supporting an inflatable cross-beamed roof on two rows of inflatable, r -shaped columns . Stiffness is given to thin cavitywall panels by tensioning them with pneumatic muscles, which contract to oppose the effect of the wind. Air is the main insulator to

assist with internal climate control.

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Ecoverfactory, Oost malle, Belgium Project Growth of Ecover's business in the early '990S required an expansion of the existing factory near Antwerp, Belgium. Using an ecological grading system, devised by the University of Eindhoven, building materials were selected for their minimal environmental impact. Structural timber was obtained from sustainably

Festa, Germany

316

Festa, Germany

316

Various

339

• Reductionof resource consumption compared with conllentiona//y constructed buildings ofequalsize • Reusable andportable buildingwith multifUnctionalsingle space

32 7, 329

managed forests and bricks from a clay-based residue from the coal industry provided high-insulation material. A huge multiridged turf roof covers the 5.30osq m (57,o50sq ft) building, providing excellent insulation, controlling storm-water runoff and helping integrate the factory into the local landscape. In line with the compa ny's philosophy of balancing

commerce wit h social and environmental concerns , the factory has been developed to enhance conditions for the workforce. Many roof-lights create natural lighting and there are solar-powered showers for the workforce.

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University of Eindhoven (Building Initiative Environmental Sklndards), Netherlands, with Ecover, Belgium Variouscontractors

311, 35 '

Various natural materials, tuifraoJ, bricksfrom clay-residue • Tuifroafforenergy conservationand storm-waterrunoff control • UseoflocoImaterials from susklinable sources wherepossible • Naturallighting

339

327 , 329

BedZED Housin g BedZEDis a pioneering mixed-use and mixedtenure development of housing, work space and public areas, which is being const ructed on an old sewage works, a 'brownfield' site, in Beddington, Sutton, south of London. Thewhole scheme is designed to meet exacting environmental, social and financia l requirements. Arch itect Bill Dunster and environmental consultants BioRegional have, in collaboration with the client, the Peabody Trust, adopted a holistic view of the local needs of the intended community, including a green transport system which was actually builtinto the planning permission and ratified by the localauthority. BedZED hopes to cut total fossil fuel consumption to about halfthat of a conventional development by reducing

the need to travel between living, work, health-care, shopp ing and recreational facilities. Reduced transport impacts are also encouraged by promoting good networking with existing train, bus and tram services and by providing decent bicyclestorage facilities, attract ive pedestrian links and on-site charging points for electric vehicles. There is a ten-year target to produce enough solar electricityon-site to power forty electric vehicles. Materials for the eighty-two flats and houses for sale and rent have been selected from natural, renewable or recycled sources, mainlynear by. Each dwelling is an energy-efficient design using passive solar gain and a high insulation specification, including triple-glazed windows. A central combined heat and power-generation facility

will utilize on-site tree waste to provide all the develop ment's heat and electricity requirements. Further on-site generation from photovoltaics will make this the first largescale 'carbon neutral' development in Europe. Water conservation will be encouraged by providing up to 18 per cent of on-site cons umption from stored rainwater and recycled water and by installing water-effici ent appliances.

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BillDunsterand BiaRegional Various contractors

304

Vorious, especially locallvsourced • Zero-energy development • 'Carbonneutral'

339 328

«int egratedtrampon

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plan • Sociallymixedhousing R/BAaward, 'best 333 exampleofsustainable construction', 2 0 0 0

Building Products

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K-X Industries, USA

319

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K-X Industries, USA

319

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Faswall" A post-and-beam structural grid is created by filling wall forms with reinforced concrete. Wall forms are manufactured using K-X~ recycled wood waste chips. The entire wall structure, known as Faswall'", comprises up to 85 per cent K-X Aggregate (from waste

Eco-shake" Made of 100 per centrecycled materials, reinforced vinyl and cellulose fibre, ceo-shake" shingles are available in four colour shades designed to mimic weathered wooden shakes. The shakes qualifyunder strict fire-rating, wind and rain resistance and impact tests .

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Re-NewWood, USA

323

4)

Re-NewWood, USA

32 3

Recycled wood, recycled plastics • Recycled materials

339

• ~

327

wood) bound with Portland cement (cont aining up to 15 per cent fly ash content by volume). Afinished Faswall shows good R-values (thermal insulation) of between 18 to 24 and it is an excellent so und barrier and substrate for drywall

or direct finishes. Standard blockmaking equipment permits local manufacturing of Faswall" components.

Wastewood andfly ash, 339 Portland cement • Partiallyrecycled and 327 renewablecontent

Building Products N

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Ersgoldbacher Linea These tiles are designed to interlock with a minor overlap to minimize quant ity of mate rials per square metre, reduce laying time and provide greater security in high winds. Sinter tempering toughens the tile, making it very durable and suitable for commercia l and dome stic app lications. It is rainproof at roof angles of up to 25 degrees.

Criss Cro ss Makinga weclome change from the ubiquitous rectangular paving block, the Criss Cross paving syste m comprises four different forms that can be interlocked in regular or random patterns.

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LockClad terracotta rain screen

Glindower Ziegelei still fires these blocks in a kiln dating from 1870 . Natura l variation in the clay minerals yields a range of colours and textures.

~

Eck«; Design, Germany

306

0

GlindawerZiegelei GmbH, Germany Clay minerals

37 '

• Abundant geosphere materials iFDesign Award , 20 0 0

327

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295

332

Combining the aesthetics and du rabilityof fired clay tiles with ease of installation, this rainwater cladding on aluminium rails is a cost-effective method of protecting the exterior of a building from the elements. Each clay tile is locked in place on an extruded aluminium rail, LockRai l, which meets all UKand Ireland wind loadings. This minimalmaintenance , lightweight cladding permits extra insulation materials to be applied to the outer skin of the building's structure, improving energy conservation. Natural ventilation behind the clay tiles and protection from the sun reduce temperature variations in the load-bearing st ructure.

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Erlus Baustoffwerke AG, 316 Germany Erlus Baustoffwerke AG, 316 Germany Sinter-tempered clay 295 • Abundant geosphere material • Reductionin resource useand energyfor transport iFEcologyDesign Award,2000

Red Bonk Manufacturing Company, UK Red BankManufacturing Company, UK Clay, aluminium

323

• Durable, recyclable materials • Improvedenergy conservationfor buildings

329

323 295

327. 328

332

Building Products SunPipe

Majestic Slate Guaranteed to last a minimum of fifty years, these lightweight slates, weighing just over o.gkg (about l ib) each, are made of 100 per cent-recycled rubber with added plastics to improve durability. These slates can be easily cut with a knife and are installed by nailing in the traditiona l man ner and, being flexible, are not susceptible to dam age.

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fcostar,USA

315

fcostar, USA

315

Recycled rubber, polymers • Recycled materials

283, 295 327

Authentic Roof" Moulded to mimic natural weathered slates, Authentic Roof " tiles are made of 100 per cent-recycled rubber with polymers added to prolong the lifespan. Installation is similar to conventional materials.

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Crowe Building Products. USA CroweBuilding Products. USA Recycled rubber, polymers • Recycled materials

314 34 ' 283• 295 327

Natural daylight provides a more relaxing spectrum of light for human vision than artificial light so urces but, more importantly, reduces energyconsumption in work spaces. Sun Pipe is a system of conveying natural sunlight from rooftops into buildings. Eight different vers ions are available in the SunPipe range but the components are sim ilar - a trans parent dome of UV-protected polycarbonate is held on the roof by an ABS/ acryl ic universal flashing. Below the dome is a tube made of Reflectalite 600. silverized coated aluminium sheeting with 96 per cent reflectance. Four standa rddiameter tubes, 330mm up to 600 mm (1 3-24in)• and a range of elbow joints permit light to be directed into the required space (s).

A zoomm-diarneter (8in) version is being developed for domestic spaces. Averticallyorientate d SunPipe of 330mm can deliver 890 Lux in full su mmer sun and 430 Lux in overcast conditions in the temperate British climate, which is suffi cient to provide natural daylight to an area of approximately ' 4sq m (lSOSq ft). Doubling the diameter of the pipe roughly dou bles the Lux delivered.

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TerryPayne. Monodraught Ltd. UK Monodrought Ltd. UK

320

ABS/acrylic. po/ycarbonate. aluminium • Reduction inenergy consumptionfor lighting

341

320

329

Building Products construcel For millennia bricks for the construction of buildings h ve been des igned around v: riations on a basic solid or hollowrectangular form. While it is possible to apply rectangular bricks to some spectacular architectural structures, vaulted ceilings being a classic example, the overriding tende ncy is to construct rectilinear structures. Marinho's triangular prism of polycarbonate, Construcel, offers an opportun ityto reconsider the humble role of bricks in buildings. Each Construcel is an opensided triangular box,which can be bolted to the next one and so on to create a variety of built forms. Rectilinear structures are easilyconstructed but this plastic brick is especially suited to large curved spans, such as those required for open-span buildings for sport, exhibitions and similar uses, as it does not require anysupport ing stee lwork or concrete. It is quick to

Venetian blinds

assem ble and disassemble structures, so each Construcel is readily reusable and offers possibilities for temporary buildings for disaste r relief work. Photovoltaics are

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eas ily incorpor ated in the extern al face of the 'brick'. Although further work is required to develop this innovation it appears to offer considerable potential.

Reginaldo Marinho,

30 8

Brazil

Prototype Polycarbonate

295

• Reusable bricks 327, ,~ • Reduction of materiols 328 requiredforsupporting structures

Imagine an entire room com posed of windows where the incoming flow and mood of light can be controlled using woode n Venetian blinds. Matteo Thun has created a 'Quiet Room' in which the wall and ceiling panels are fully adjusta ble, man ually or automatically, using elliptical cross -section slats with a light and dark side. Li ght-coloured wood, such as basswood, is bond ed to dark wood, such as black walnut, negating the need to introduc e coloured surface finishes but relying on the natural reflectivity, absorption and colour range of the raw materials.

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Matteo Thun, Italy

310

Prototypefor Hi-wood projectcoordinated by the DomusAcademy ResearchCentre, Italy, and the American Hardwoods Export Council, USA Hardwoods

315

339

• Renewablematerials 327 , • Solarlightand warmth 32 9 control

Building Products Parallam" , Tirnberstrand",

Microllam" TJM produce a range of patented engineered timbers made by d rying short or long veneer 'st rands' or sheets, bond ing them with adhesives or resins and subject ing them to high pressu re and/or heat. TJM produce three 'tim bers' , Parallam " PSL, Timberstrand" LSL, Microllam" LV L and a specia l compos ite st ructu ral tim be r floor joist, t he Silent Floo r" Joist. TJM claim im proved stre ngt h and avoida nce of defects s uc h as crac king and wa rping for all th e ir tim be rs. Furth er, than ks to th e raw veneer ing redie nts, t hey ca n use virtua lly th e whole diameter of a sawn log and/or small -diameter second-growth trees . This

results in a con sider able saving on raw materials to prod uce the same amo unt of str uctural timber with saw n wood. For example, the Silent Floor" Joist system uses o ne tree to every two to three trees for a conventional sawn-wood joist/flooring system. Microllam " LVL uses 30 per cent more of the timber from each tree an d, being stro nger th a n so lid tim ber , prov ides almost double the st ruct ural value per un it volume of raw material tha n saw n wood . However, quite a lot of e nergy is nee de d to ma ke th e se co mpos ite tim bers, so det ailed exam inat ion of th e embod ied energy ofTJM versu s tra dit iona l sawn timber s hould be made on a case-by-case basis.

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TrusJoist MacMillan (1]M), USA TrusJoist MacMillan 171M), USA Americansoft woodsand hardwoads, waterproof adhesives,polyurethane resin • Efficient use ofraw materials

325 325 281 ,

339

32 ]

Ecoplanjecomen t Freudenberg manufacture a diverse range of rubber flooring under the 'nora' range but 'ecoplan' and 'ecoment' are the onlytwo made with up to 75 per cent factory and postinstallation waste. Granite and marbled-effect patterns are available. All products are free of PVC, plasticizers,formaldehyde, asbestos, cadmium and CFCs and production facilitiesfollowstringent waste-management

procedures, minimal packaging and a zeroemissions environment for the workforce.

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Freudenberg,UK

317

Freudenberg, UK

3'7

Rubber,recycledrubber

28 3

• Recycled and recyclable 32 7, materials 328 • Cleanproduction process

Modena This velour carpeting range is available in seventy-five different colours, yet is made with a clean technology product ion in which all raw mater ials must be free of harmful substa nces and wastage is 80 per cent less than in previous techno logies. Texback" forms an allergyfree backing fabric while the ecofix'" Velcro enables carpets to be fitted without using adhesives.

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Designteam, Harneln, 30 6 Germany Vorwerk11( Co., 32 6 Teppichwerke GmbH 11( Co. KG, Germany Velour, texback"', ecofix" 2g 0 -1,

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• Clean production 327 , processincluding waste 328 reduction • Fitting without adhesives,Jacilitating reuse

30 0 -1

Flooring Dalsouple Dalsouple manufactu re standa rd and bespoke rubber flooring tiles in a huge varietyof colours and surface text ures which are 100 per cent recyclable. All Dalsouple rubber is free from PVC, CFCs, formaldehyde and plasticizers. Production waste is virtuallyall recycled within the manufacturing plant and emiss ions meet local statutory requirements . Service partners to Dalsouple include Uzin Adhesives, who offer waterbased and solvent-free adhes ives including polyurethane and epoxy resins.

Earth Square" Milliken & Co. operate a closed-loop production system for their Earth Square' carpet tiles. Tiles are replaced with new tiles or reconditioned as they become worn and the old materials are reintroduced into the recyclate:virgin fibre mixture used for the next generation of tiles. The Earth Square received the first Evergreen Award from the US Gene ral Services Administration, a government procurement agency.

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Milliken dl. Co., Carpet Division, USA Milliken dl. Co.,Carpet Division, USA Various naturaland syntheticmaterials • Cleanproduction • Recycled content • Closed-loopproduction

320 320 339 32], 328

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Dalsouple Direct, UK

314

Dalsouple Direct, UK

314

Syntheticand natural rubbers • Recyclable • Clean, chlorine-free productionprocess

283 32], 328

Evergreen Interface were the first compan y worldwide to introduce a system of officecarpeting in which, as manufacturers , they retained ownership of the product. When the product is worn or needs repairing, the com pany takes it back for repair and cleaning or for reshredding to use in manufacturing new carpet tiles.

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Interface, USA

318

Interface, USA

318

Various

339

• Reuse, recycling • Leasedproducttakeback

32] , 330

Flooring Made ra"

Marmol eum® Real/Fresco

Forbo-Nairn is the largest linoleum manufacturer in Europe, supplying up to 25 million sq m (269 million sq ft) per annum . Marrnoleurn" Iinoleums have much lower emissions and lower acidification output than PVC floorings or carpeting. The Marrnoleum" Real is available in thirtysix colourways and Marmoleum"' Fresco in twelve marbled colourways.

True linoleum is a heavy.duty, durable, ~on· allergenic floor covering containing at least 30 per cent linseed oil from flax or similar renewable oils from plants. Linoleums are predominantly constitute d from natural raw materials such as linseed oil, rosin, wood flour and chalk, which are bonded under heat and pressure to a backing of jute (or occasionally polyester).

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Forbo-Nalm Ltd,UK

316

Forbo-NairnLtd,UK

316

Linseed oil,pineresins, 339 woodflour,cork, minera/fillers,jute • Renewable materials 32 ] , andabundantnon32 9 renewables • Reduction in emissions andtoxins • Non-toxic

Papertex A cotton-like yarn is produced from wood fibre forming the warp in the woven Papertex carpet. This tightly bound weave is hard-wearing and easy to clean and sits well with the modern Scandinavian aesthetic.

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RitvaPuotila, Finland

309

Woodnotes Oy, Finland

326

Wood (cellu/ose) fibre

339

• Renewableand recyclable materials

32]

Matrix Composites spent fiveyears developing l.ignasil'", the composite 'bio-alloy' from which Madera" solid flooring tiles are made, Lignasil" is a high-density thermal insulator, made from

refined natural hardwood fibres, which are sintered in a patented manufacturing process . This material is easy to work but is tough , Class 1 Fire Rated, durable and easy to maintain. And it is comp letely recyclable.

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MatrixComposites, lnc., 32 0

USA MatrixComposites, Inc., 32 0

USA Lignas ;~

2]9

• Renewable materials • Recyclable

32]

Flooring Reykjavik This domesti c and office carpeting solution from Interface, the third largest carpet manufacturer in the world, uses a com bination of renewable natural fibres mixed with a recycled synthetic component.

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Interface, lnc., USA

318

0

Interface, inc., USAf Interface Europe-Asia Pacific, UK

318

Various

339

• ~

• Recycled and 327 renewable components

PapierTeppich 200 0

PLYBOO®

This shiny black carpet is a sophisticated blend of natural materials creating a dense , durable wearing surface that is comfortable to bare or shod feet. Acidfree paper is reinforced with industrial hemp fibres and given a protective lustre finish with natural waxes. The philosophy of simple, natu ral design is extended to the sample boxes, which use overprinted recycled brown cardboard.

The basic component of all this company's products is strips of bamboo measur ing 0.5 x 1.9 x 183cm (3/1 6 x 3/4 x 72in), which are extremely durab le. These strips can be bent, woven and laminated as required for flooring, inte rior decoration/fittings and furniture. Four-, twoand one-plylaminates are available.

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Hugo Zumbuhland PeterBirifelder, Teppich-an-Team, Switzerland Anstolten Thorberg, Switzerland Paper, hemp, natural wax • Renewable, durable materials

3' 0

3' 2 288 ' 9 327

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Smith II{ Fong Company, USA Smith II{ Fong Company, USA Bamboo, adhesives

• Renewable material

324 324 281, 287, 29 9 327

Flooring Colo rett e, Lino rett e, Linodur, Marmorett e, Un iWalton This diverse range of linoleum products is fabricated from natural ingredients, such as linseed oil, with minerals including chalk bonded with heat and pressure to a jute or hemp backing.

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Armstrong World Industries, inc., USA Armstrong World Industries, inc., USA Linseed oil,j/ax, pine resins, woodflour, cork, mineral fillers • Renewable materials •Abundant geosphere materials

312 3' 2 339

327

Stratica

Silencio 6 This is a special 6mm-thick (about '/4in) fibreboard composed of 100 per centwaste softwood fibre, which provides good attenuat ion against impact sound and insulation as an unde rlay for wooden and laminate floating floors.

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Hunton Fiber(UK), UK 318 Hunton Fiber(UK), UK 318 Recycledsoftwoodfibre

339

• Waste reduction • Recycled, recyclable materials

327, 328

Stratica is a laminated flooring product comprising a verytough, durable wear layer of chlorine-free, ionomer coating, DuPont Surlyn" , a printed layer, a backing layer to the print and a final bottom layer. Surlyn" is the finishing material on golf balls. Stratica is naturally flexible but doesn't use plasticizers and is free of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Over forty-five different 'natural' surfaces can be mimicked in the printing process, from stone to marbles, granites, terrazzos and woods, plus

over twenty solid colours. Abrasion resistance is very high and maintenance costs are low. With certification to ISO ' 4001, recycling pre-consumer waste, preventing pollution and saving energy in production are high priorities.

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The Amtico Company, UK The AmticoCompony, UK Dupont Surlvn", mineralfilled ethylene copolymer • Cleonproduction

312 312 295

328

Flooring

Underwood Three-millim etre (1{8in) ve nee r is bond ed to a the rm oplastic s hell, which is m oulded to includ e ducts for unde rfloor serv ices a nd a met hod of co nnecting eac h floo ring ' block' . This system is more func tiona l th an st an da rd hard wood or parqu et flooring , is ec ono m ical in its use of ven eer and can be mo d ified to s uit bespo ke requir e ments. Use of a thermoplastic recyclate wo uld further boost t he credentia ls of th is system .

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Super Duralay Over 60,000 used ca r tyres a re processed eac h week at a new Duralay plant to provide th e raw ma terial for a ra nge of rubber crum b und erlays suitable for ca rpets and woode n flooring . Super Dura lay is rated for hea vy domest ic use but oth er grades are suita ble for co ntract usage. Bacloc, a woven backing of pap er an d synthetic th read ,

MarcSadler

310

Prototypefor Hi-wood projectcoordinated by the Domuskademy Research Centre, Italy, and the American HardwoodsExport Council,USA Hardwood lIeneer, thermoplastic • Modularsystem • Reduction inuseof hardwoodmaterials

306

339 32], 328

gives extra stren gt h to the und erlay. Oth er grades use a m ixed bac king of jute an d plastic.

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Duralay, UK

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Duralay, UK

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Recycled tyres, latex, 283 Baclocorpolyjute • Recycledmaterials 32] , • Conservationof landfill 330 space

Smart Deck This decking is a composite material using oak fibre an d recycled polyethylene wit~ foam ing com pounds an d additives. Co ntai ning ove r go per ce nt-recycled mate rials by we ight, it is very mo istureres ista nt and durable. It also weathers like co nvent iona l woo d but without any associated rotting.

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SmartDeckSystems, USA SmartDeck Systems/ US Plastic Lumber, USA Composite wood

324

~

• Recycledmaterials

32]

•

324, 325 339

Energy Gener:ation CUAD RO Material inputs are significantly reduced in this aesthetically improved design, which combines the dua l function of roofing component and solar collector. Traditionally solar collectors have been placed over existing roofing surfaces. The main casing is press-moulded using Cigelit", which is a fully recycla ble material.

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Aquair lOO, AquairU. W. The Aquair 100 is a wate r turbine that can be towed behind a sailing vessel. The Aquair U. W. is designed to be stationary in a moving bodyof water. At 6 knots (3 metres or 10ft/ second) the Aquair U.W. generates 6 amps at 12Vwhereas the Aquair 100 generates 5 amps continuous charge. Durable marine-grade materials are used with double '0' seals and hydraulic fluid in the

alternator body to provide maintenance-free turbines. An Aquair U.W. in a fastrunning strea m can generate up to 2.4kW per day.

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AmpairLtd, UK

,

3' 2

AmpairLtd, UK

3' 2

Marine.grade metals and plastics • Water-drivenpower generators

295 329, 33°

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AstraPower, USA

312

AstroPower, USA

312

Recycled silicon, 295 aluminium • Solar-power generator 327, • Recycled materials 329

Rut land 913 Windcharger Weighing just 13kg (28Ib), this wind generator has a twenty-year pedigree and has been well proven in a wide varietyof climates by yachtsmen and scientific researchers and for military and telecommunications operations . Continuous electrical generation starts at wind speeds of 5 knots (5.75 mph). Durable ma rine-grade materials are com bined with quality engineering, units being manufactured to ISO gOO1 .

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Marlec Engineering Company, UK MarlecEngineering Company, UK Stainlesssteel] aluminium, glassreinforced polymer • Renewable windpower

32° 32° 295

329

Energy Generation Farm 2000 'HT' boile rs

AstroPower Single crystal solar cells are man ufactured using silicon wafers obtained from recycled sources in the semiconductor industry. Such low-embodied-energy cells are very efficient energyconverters and are mounted in aluminium frames, which fit industrystandard devices for tracking the moveme nt of the sun.

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AstroPower, USA

312

AstroPower, USA

312

Recycled silicon, aluminium • Solar-powergenerator • Recycled moterials

29 5 327, 32 9

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Furlmatic 1803 This three-phase alternator generates 340W at wind speeds of lOm/s (35km/h or 22mph) but is capab le of generating electricityfrom wind speeds as low as 3 ra]«. It provides sufficient output for off-grid domestic lighting and any remote site requiring power for lighting, pump ing water or low-voltage equipment. An automa tic system produces a furling point at 15 met res/secon d to protect the generator from damage by excessive winds. Other automatic features include an overcharge battery

A range of high temperature (HT) boilers has been designed to accommodate typical biomass fuels availableon the farm, such as circular or l-tonne rectangular straw bales, as well as woodchips, cardboar d and other combustible wastes. Heat outputs varyfrom 20kW to 300kW depending on the boiler and the equivalent electricitycosts per kwh are between 25 and 33 per cent of those of kerosene oil or natural gas. An upper refractoryarch encourages com plete burning of gases, improves the overall efficiency and minimizes atmos pheric emissions. Annual or shortrotation crops for biomass fuels absorb carbon dioxide that is released on burning, so this cycle is neutral and makes no net cont ribution to the greenhouse effect.

protection device, which stalls the turbine, and a 12V or 24Vcontroller unit. This twin-blade turbine, diameter 1.87m (6ft), is mounted on a minimum 6.5m (21ft) tower. All components are manufactured at an ISO gOOl -compliant factory.

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Marlec Engineering Company, UK Marlec Engineering Company, UK Stainless steel/aluminium, GRP • Renewable windpower

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320 320 295,

34 29'

3

Teisen Products,UK

324

Teisen Products, UK

324

Steel

295

• A carbon-dioxide

328 , 329

neutralheatingsystem • BiomassjUels obtainablelocally

Fils ol solar collector Waterheating in buildings intemperate climates can be readilysupp lemented byinstallation of a solar collector. Sunlight enter s the acrylic collector, which transmits 89 per cent of incident light, and heats a 'Stamax'absorbe r plate madeofspeciallycoated stainlesssteel.Colourless oxides ofchromium, nickel and iron provide an absorptionof0.93ofthe incident energy, transferring it to an aqueous antifreeze mixture running in chann els in the absorber plate.This hot aqueous mixture is pumped whenever its temperature is higher than the water inthe hot-water tank,wherefurther heat exchange ens ues.

Enercon E-66 Windm ills have entere d a new era. Borrowing from aerona utical engineering, designers have introduced new features to the Enercon E-66 windpowered generator. A tape red mast permits bette r load distribution on the 100-metre-high (330

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Filsol, UK

316

Filsol, UK

316

Stainless steel, 295 aluminium, alloys, acrylic, po/yisocvanurate foam • Reduction inenergy 329 requirementfor waterheating

feet) mons te r and the wing tips are bent to reduce tu rbulence and noise pollution. It willtake twenty years to pay back the investme nt of [ 2.5 million each and start generating 'free' energy but with their capacity to s upply1,200 hom es, and a commitmen t by the European Union to increase renewable energy to 10 per cent of overall power generation capacity by 2010, more of these generators are likely to dot the landscape in future.

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Fo,' er<J{ Parlners, UK

306

Prototype Various

339

• Windpowerrenewable 329 energygeneration

Energy Generation

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NSS (Non -Stop Shoes) Translating the expenditure of human energy into power is well understood in the co ntext of sp ort, but how m uch energy expended in eve ryday activities ca n be harnessed to power appliances in ou r dai ly lives? Em ili Padr6s suggests that eve n the process of wa lking co uld gen era te electr icity, wh ich could be utilized to powe r la m ps and rad ios once we retu rn home. Developing the mechan isms to generate a nd store ene rgy could redefine th e s hoe of the future.

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The he at within waste water from domestic s howers, bat hs and sinks ca n be reclaimed to heat the incoming cold-wate r s upply to the hot-wat er tank . GFX is an ins ulated s piral co il of copper tubing carrying the cold supply, which is in intimate contact with a falling-film heat exchange r through which the waste hot water

Co m pute r-keyboa rd generator Laptop computers use d away from power sources quic kly drain the power from batteri es , but if an electr ical current ca n be generated during norm al keyboa rd use it is pos sib le to recharge the batt eries as the computer is being used . Magnets attached to each key mo ve over a wire coil s haft, generati ng the current. Th is pate nted technology co uld e ithe r ma ke laptops much lighte r and/or extend the working time away from a ma ins power source.

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Emili Padr6s, Barcelona, 309 Spain Conceptual design Various, batteryenergy storage • Renewable (human) energygenerator

339 329

trave ls by gravity. The system is ca pable of savi ng up to 2kW of power from ea ch s hower.

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WaterFilm Energy, USA 32 6

0

WaterFilm Energy, USA 32 6

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Copper, insulation

295

• Energyconservation

329

Adr;an Crisan, Compaq, USA Prototype, Compaq, USA Plastics, wirecoils, electronics, battery • Human power

3'4 314 295 329

Energy Generation

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Logano Gt za

Logamax plu s GB1l2-1 9 (Linea) This wall-mounted boiler unit offers an output capacityof between 9.6kW and 19.1 kW. It uses an effi cient ceramic burner to provide more com plete combustion of the gas fuel, resultingin emission levels well under those specified in the German Bl ue Angel eco-label scheme.

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Buderus Heizteehnik GmbH, Germany Buderus Heizteehnik GmbH, Germany Steel, variousmetals includingaluminiumsilicon alloy, ceramics (burnerunit) • Energyefficient • BlueAngeleco-lobel

3' 3 3'3 295

32 9

NSD (Non-Stop Doors) Any repetitive human movement in our everyday lives expends energy, so me of which can be captured and stored for later use. In publicbUild ings the act of opening and passing through doors is repeated hundreds oftimes each day. This human energy IS transferred to stored energy, which lights up the frame of the door. Potentially this improves the eco'efficiency of each individual as some of the

ene rgyacquired from primary food reserves is recycled. But the real advantage of this concept is that renewable energy is generated without requiring any behavioural or cultural changes

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EmiliPadres, Barcelona, 309 Spain Conceptual design Various, batteryenergy storage • Renewable (human) energygenerator

339 329

This free-standing boiler unit offers an output capacity of between 9kW and 34kW, making it suitab le for heating single or multiple dwellings. A key feature is the efficient ceramic burner, which provides more comp lete combustio n of the natu ral or liquid gas fuel, reducing em ission levels of nitrous oxides and carbon monoxide below the levels set by the German Blue Angel eco-label scheme.

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Buderus Heizteehnik GmbH, Germany Buderus Heizteehnik GmbH, Germany Castiron, variousmetals including aluminiumsilicon alloy, ceramics (burner unit) • Energy efficient • BlueAngeleco-labei

3'3 3'3 295

329

Multibrid wind energy converter This wind tur bine is desig ned to work offshore exposed to high-speed, salt-lade n winds, so all com ponents are sea led to prevent ingress of water. Unique aspects of the desig n include slow rotationa l moveme nt to ensu re that the unit can be ope rated without mainte nance for the first

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Bartsch Design IndustrialDesign Gbr, Germany aerodynEnergiesysteme GmbH, Germany Various

304

• Sourceofrenewable energy

329

three years. This massive gene rator, with individual blades spanning 50 metres

(164ft). is an innovative roto r with excellent aerodynamics.

3' 2 340

Paradigma epe Star This solar collector is based upon a modular design allowingeasy sepa ration of com ponents and materials and facilitating almost 10 0 per cent recycli ng. Material usage has been kept to a minimum, giving a lightweight structure with a high efficie ncy in low sunlight and at ambient tem peratures below freezing point.

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BiirojUr Produktgestaltung, Germany RitterEnergie· und UmwelttechnikGmbH KG, Germany Aluminium, glass

3°5

323

295

• Designfordisassembly 328 and recycling iFEcology Design 332 Award, 200 0

POWER Cell Over 16 per cent of incident sunlight is converted into electrical power with these Sunway solar cells, a very efficient ratio compared with conventiona l solar cells. Various versions of the POWER cells are manufactu red, including those offering up to 30 per cent transparency. The transmitt ed light is white, yet there is a range of external colours for the cells, using a process of texturing that avoids the use of chemicals. Now solar cells can be integrated into any aperture intended to introduce light into a building, such as windows and roof lights, thereby reducing overall construction costs.

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Roland Burkhardt, Sunways, Germany Sunways, Germany

305

Siliconpolycrystaffine wafers • Dua/lunctionsolarpowergeneratorand window material

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324

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Solar Homes Systems The archipelago of Indonesia comprises over 13,000 islands, so nationwide distribution of electricity by a conventional overland 'grid' is not feasible. Invented in 1988, the Solar Homes Systems conce pt is an inexpensive solar generator, capable of generating up to 250W per day and suitable for powering lighting, radio and TV. Hessels has designed lighting specifically for the system

as well as a TVtable-cumbattery holder. Lampu Lita are hanging lamps made of plastic. System s can be purchased under a month ly payment scheme . PaulHesse1s, unknown

•

PT Sudimar f nerg; Surya, Indonesia Variousplastics, photovolta;es • Low-cost solarsystems forremote households and communities

32 1

295 329

The Solar Shingle SHR-17 Why install a photovoltaic panel on top of an existing roofing surface when the job of keeping out the weathe r and generating energycan be combined in one product - the Solar Shingle? These zrn-long (7ft).30cm-wide (tzln), photovoltaic panels can be simply nailed on to the roofing substruct ure instead of roofing shingles, slates or tiles. Each panel is subdivided into 12 x 30cm (5x i z in) sections that visuallymimic trad itional roofing materials. Generating 17W each at 6V, panels can be wired together to produce the required capacity.

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Uni-Solar, USA

325

Uni-Solar,USA

325

Photovoitaics, Teft el glazing. stainless-steel backing • Solar-power generation • Reduceduse of constructionmaterials

295

328, 329

Solar Moon portable renewable energy unit The lid of this briefcase is a photovoltaic panel capable of recharging AA batteries to ope rate the appliances stored inside the case radio, torch and emergency light. Included in the kit is a lOW high-effi ciency bulb capable of providing light for up to ten hours. MSKCorporation, Japan MSKCorporation, Japan Photovoltaies, metal, batteries, circuit boards • Solarpower

Tedlar™lam inate BPSolarex, the world's largest manufacturer of photovoltaic cells and laminates, constructed the G8 Solar house to demonstrate the efficacyof low-energysolar-powered houses and offices. The system uses a curving, . south-facing photovoltalC arrayOf176 laminate modules connected to a z40V inverter wired to the local network. This array can meet the needs of four energy-effici ent houses. BP Solarex produce a diverse range of photovoltaic options including:screenprinted cells capable of converting 1Z-14 per cent of incident sunlight into

electrical energy; higheffici ency Laser Grooved Buried Grid (LGBG) cells, in which a·lie; thin copper gridisetched into the surface of the silicon wafer, resu lting in a zo per cent increase in efficiency over 'normal' cells; and thin film cells using amorph ous silicon at two-thousandths of a millimetre rather than crystalline silicon, which must be about one-third of a millimetre to absorb the full spe ctrum. Efficiency in the thin film cells does drop but high-volume manufacturing compensates in term s of cheapness . BP Solarex are also now able to produce semi-

t ranspa rent photovoltaic module s, in a special laminate called Ted lar' ", in which the density of the PV cells per squa re metre can be custom ized to meet particular architectural requirements.

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Silicon, semi-conductor 295 materials, copper, glass • Dualfunctional PV 328, unitsforsolar.power 329 generation andglazing

Solar-powered service stat ion cano py Forecourts of most service stations protect customers from the weathe r by means

of a canopy. BP Amoco pic, in line with their long-term objectives to become a

clean and respons ible energy company, have designed specia l photovoltaic arrays for installation on canopies to generate allthe electricity needed to pump fuel and for lighting and so on. This energy-neutra l insta llation will event ually be incorporated into all new service stations.

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BPAmoco,UK

3'3

BPAmoco, UK

3'3

Photovoltaic panels

339

• Conversion of specialist 328 buildingto energyneutralstatus

been tota lly reroofed with a n insta lled ca pacity of 2kW wou ld generate enough capacity to burn the toas t 800 times an d brew 350 cups of tea. Householders can become su ppliers of gree n electricity, although a long view is needed to make the payback on ca pital investment.

Sol ar roo f t iles Solar roof tiles, which are a similar size to conventional tiles or slates, can be attached to a building instead of conventional photovoltaic penals, enabling the user to renew the actual protective roofing layer and install a so lar-powered energy generator in one operation. Each so lar tile is a special photovoltaic cell that is con necte d to a batt e ry sto rage system and/or the local electr icity s upply netwo rk. O n a typical British day a Victor ian ter raced ho use th at has

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SolarCentUlY, UK

310

Uni.Soiar, USA

325

Special photovoltaic panels • MultifUnctional • Solar-powered

339 329

Th ermorn ax" Flat-plat e so lar co llecto rs show a reduction in efficiency from 60 per cent at an operating temperature of 20· ( down to abou t 40 pe r cent as the temperature doubles. Not so with vacuum-tu be solar collectors, which can maintain efficiencies of over 60 per cent at temperatures of 80 ·C. A semi-conductor absorber plate sits within an evacuated glass tube. The special liquid-filled heat pipe is in intimate contact with the a bso rber plate where heat from the sun causes the liquid to evaporate to th e top of a condenser unit. Between t he pipe and the condenser sits a spring made of shape-memory m et al, which limits heat t ransfer th rough the pipe when pre -set te m pe rat ures are reached, so preventing

ove rheating. Wate r surround ing the condenser a bsorbs heat as it flows. Energy conversio n even on cloudy days is very efficient, with an ove rall an nua l efficiency of over 70 per cent. The reduction of gas or electricity heating costs

for an ave rage household is abou t 40 per cent. All Thermo max ma nufacturing plants com ply with ISO gOO1 .

Rayotec Ltd,UK

•

Low-iron sodaglass, copper, shape.memory metal • High-efficiencysolarpoweredhot water system

295,

JJ9

Sun Catcher Fitting neatly inside a standard carrying case for a laptop PC, these twin solar panels can triple the run time of your PCor be used independentlyto recharge your spare battery. The. deviceis compatible with overthree hundred models.

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Kyoura Corporation, Japan KyoceraCorporation, Japan Photavoltaiccells

319

• Renewable power

329

Topolino Traditional wood-burning stoves are stoked with timber in a haphazard fashion, causing rapid, uncontrolled combustion with significant heat loss up the chimney stack. GAAN's range of woodburning heaters encou rage optimal com bustion because wood is stacked verticallyand burns from the top, likethe wick of a candle, producing a fuel effic iency of 85 per cent. As the warm combu stion gases rise they are forced through a double swannecked constriction where heat is absorbed into the surrounding materials. Immediate space heating is provided by radiated heat from the toughene d glass doo r, while the remaining heat passes into the surroun ding cast stone! granite or steatite body panels, where 60 per cent of the total combustion energy is stored and emitted over the next six to eight hours. Emissions are significantly lowerthan required under existing EU and Swiss regulations.

319 339

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GAAN GmbH, Switzerland Tonwerk LausenAG, Switzerland Steel, gloss, granite • Improved energy generation • Durable construction

30 6 32 5 295, 339 32 9

AxorStarck This fun ct ional , easy-toclea n mixer tap limit s wate r o ut put to 7.2litres (r.Sgal) a minute, elim inates lime scaling and has a s pecia l sto p valve. It combines low maintenan ce with good looks .

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HansGrohe, Germany

3'7

Chromium-platedsteel

295

• Reduces water consumption iFDesignAward,1999

330 332

AxorStarck showerhead This free-st anding sho wer unit is sp ar ing in its use of m aterial s as part s of the frame also act as hot- and cold-water pipe s to deliver to the overhe ad and handheld rose s. Pleatin g t he polyester curtain prevent s it from clinging to the user . The unit is easily plum bed in, provides excellent acces s for m aint en ance and ca n be rep ositi on ed when moving hou se. Stain less stee l wou ld be a preferred s ubs tit ute for the chromi um-pl ated stee l to m inimize the imp acts of th is unit even furth er.

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Philippe Starck, Agence Philippe Starck, France Hans Grohe AG, Germany Enamelled and chromium-platedsteel, polyester, polymerbase • Economyofmaterials usage iFEcologyDesign Award,2000

3' 0 3'7 295

328 332

Clivus Multrum 2 composter This company has been manufacturing composting toilets since 1939 . This particular model, made of 10 0 per cent-recycled polyethylene, provides adequate sanitation for a three-bed roomed house.

An integral moistening system ensu res biomass volume reductions of 95 per cent. Water vapour and carbon dioxide are the only em issions.

Columbia eme rgency water system Atriple in-line filter system on the inlet hose removes particles greater than or equal to 1 micron and provides filtration of lead, chlorine, nitrates, radon, mercury and various toxic chemicals and pesticides as the water is handpumped to the storage container. Filtration of Giardia, cysts, E-coli, cryptosporidium and other bacteria ensu res protection against water-borne disease. The whole system is highly portable and can also be fitted to stat ic water sup plies.

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cllvu . DryToilet System

326

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314

• Zerowater consumption • Recycledmaterials • Compostgenerator • Canadianeco-labe! EnvironmentalChoice EcoLogo M certified

327, 328

314 34 1

If6Cera range The humble toilet bears the hallmark of a couple of hundred years of traditional industrial design but few people know what happens inside the water cistern . In traditional toilet designs extravagant volumes of water are used to flush even small quantities of human effluent. Today, to meet the need for water conservation, sanitary-ware manufacturers such as If6 Sanitar have introduced dual-flush ciste rns offering two- or four-litre (o.a-o.qgal) water deliveryand, more recently, adjustable flushing volumes, from three to eight litres (O.7-1.8gal) in the If6 Cera range. Polypropylene or duroplast ic seating is

available, ergonomically des igned to fit a huge variety of posteriors, and with hygienic surfaces in a typically clean, sculptural, Scandinavian form.

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IjO SanitarAB, Sweden

318

IjO SanitarAB, Sweden

318

Ceramics, polypropylene 295 ordurop/astic • Encourages water 329 , consefVation

330

• Improvedergonomics

Excel NE With over twenty-five years' experience of designing composting, waterless toilets, SunMar Corporation have developed a range of selfcontained and central com posting toilet systems. Most models are equipped with an electrically driven fan to provide an odo urfree atmos phere but the Excel NE is totally nonelectric, using a vent chimney instead. The operating principle in all Sun-Mar toilets is identical. A mixture of peat, so me topsoil and/ or 'Microbe Mix' is added to the Biodrum' and a cupful of peat

chamber at the rear of the drum ensures excess moisture is removed. So confident are the manufacturers ill the robust design of their toilets that they offer free parts for three years and a twenty-fiveyear warranty on the fibreglass body.

bulking mix is added per person per day. After use the Bio-drum is mechanically turned between four and six revolutions everythird day or so to aerate the mixture. Fullydegraded compost is removed from a bottom finishing drawer as required. An evaporating

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Sun-MarCorporation, Canada Sun-MarCorporation, Canada Fibreglass • Reductioninwater consumption • Recycling of human waste

324 324 295, 34° 33°

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Designed for ease of assembly, this modu lar construction uses sandblasted plexiglass to create a water distiller driven by the passive energy of the sun. It can be suspended or placed in the ground and provides fresh, treated water from a deceptively simple yet functional design.

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Plush Tap is such an innovation . It allows existing cross-head taps to be converted into push taps by using an adaptor to fit on the old tap body. Water is conserved, as ta ps cannot be accidentallyleft running. The advantages of push taps are especially felt where wate r is metered.

30 6

prototype, 1997 Plexiglas<, plastics

295

• Passive solarpower • Provision ofsafe drinking water

328, 329

Plushtap Conservation of resources in public buildings ought to be a high priority but it often needs an innovation to encourage capital investment before tangib le results can be achieved.

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Flow ControlWater Conservation, UK Flow Control Water Conservation, UK

316

Brass, seals, stainless steel • Encourages water conservation

295

Oxfam bucket Jerrycans holding about 2 2 or 45 litres (5or i ogal} are the normal means of providingwater carriers for aid or disaster relief work by agencies such as Oxfam. But rigid jerrycans take up a lot of valuable payload space on aid work planes, so Core Plastics developed a stackable bucket with a removable lid, which incorporates a filler hole/spout with s nap-on top. An indentation in the base helps reduce the ris k of spinal injuries when the bucket is carried on the head. The bucket design Improves the effi cacy of relief efforts.

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OxfomjCore Plastics. UK Core Plastics. UK

309

Lightweight, UVresistant plastic • Reductionin transport energyperunitwater carrier

295

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Water harvester

As mo re househo lds inst all systems fo r recycling water the risk of accid en tal usage of greywate r (wast e water from was hing, bathin g, etc) for drin king will increase. This ta p can be opened on ly when a specia l gar den hose connector is inse rted into the greywat er faucet

In a Chilea n fis hing village ca lled Chun gun go a st unningly s im ple system he lps m itigat e wate r s upply problems . Local cond itio ns give rise to fog whe re th e air is saturated with moistur e. The air borne water part icles are encouraged to co ndense on fine nylon me sh sc ree ns , providi ng up to 10,000 litres (2,20 0g al) of wate r a day,

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Or so rai n co llecto r Water is t he resou rce of the twenty-first century, Both ind ust ria l and domest ic use is inc reas ing in mo st nati on s . Storage of this preciou s commod ity is essenti al but m an y so lution s for s ma ll-volume sto rage cons ist of little mo re t han cylindr ica l plast ic conta ine rs with a tap e Marc De [o nghe 's Rain Column ha s an attachment point for a faucet a nd garden hose. A standard connector allows an y num ber of co lumns to be co nnected to one anot he r to provide increa sed storage ca pacity,

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MarcDeJonghe, 0"0 Design, Belgium Prototype

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Plastics

295

• Encourages water conservation • Flexible storage system

329 . 330

WeLLDesign Associates, 311 Netherlands Flamco, Netherlands 316

Recyclable materials

34 '

• Safetyfeaturefor greywatersystems • Recyclable materials

32 ] , 34 0

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Ad-hoc system Ad-hoc system, Chile Nylon net

295

• Watercollectionand conservation

330

Rainwater storage tan ks Wagner & COe fabricate a range of rainwater storage tan ks from 750 to 2,0 0 0 litres (165-440 ga llons) ca pacity, wh ich, when fitted to a pump a nd filtration system, supply wa te r for was hing mach ines, to ilets, ga rde ning a nd for general cleaning purposes, Potentially reductions of up to 50 per ce nt of norma l

®

mains water consumption can be ach ieved , At the same time there is a co ncom ita nt saving in th e e ne rgy and chem icals tha t th e wate r utility compani es us e to deliver drinkin gqu ality wate r - mu ch of which en ds up bein g us ed for cleaning rath er th an d rinking, The com pan y is regis te red to bot h ISO

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Wagnera( Cae 326 Solartechnik GmbH, Germany Polyethylene, various 34' othermaterials • Conservation and 330 utilizationa/rainwater

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CD

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Germany

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Waterless urinal system

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syste m must include the embodied energy in the manufacture of the system com ponents , the transport energy of the installation and maintenance and the disposal option when the filters are no longer usable. Saving money on water may be poss ible with this system but the fullenvironmental costs must be computed.

To avoid the build-up of odours, public urinals tend to use a lot of water to flush the problem away. Waterless UK think they have come up with a solution by using waterrepellent gels on the inside of the bowl and a specialfil ter to absorb the urine solids and let the remaining aqueous waste ente r the greywater system. Afloating gel on top of the filter prevents anysmelly vapours from polluting the local atmosphere. Filters last up to six months and are replaced under a maintenance contract. Thefull environmental costs of this waterless

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326

Waterless UK, UK

326

Water-repellentgel,filter 34' cartridge • Reduces water 328 consumption

Vulcan Ram Aram is a wate r-driven pump using a natural head ofwaterto force wate r in a small-diameter pipe uphill. Waterflows through a pipe takenfrom a stream or lake feedand is accelerated as it passes through a pulse valve. This valve snaps sh ut whensufficient pressure builds up in the 'input' chamber in the ram with the result that a pro~ortion ofthe water is forced through a deliveryvalve Intothe 'output' chamber. Typica lly there are between forty and ninety open/ shut cycles in the pulse valve each minute. Air under

pressu re in the output chamber converts the pulsing water through the deliveryvalve into a steady flowto a header tank. Rams are capable of raising water up to 100 metres (330ft) above the ram and pumping 25°,000 litres (55,ooogals) in twenty-four hours. Using traditional cast-iron and gunmetal production techniques, Green & Carter have been manufacturing rams since 1928 and export worldwide. They still repair rams des igned and made by Josiah and James Easton, who installed water-

pumping schemes for many eighteenth- and nineteenth-centu ry landowners. The ram is an example of Industrial Revolution technology still proving durable, reliable and economical.

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• Energyand water conservation • Durability

34 0 328, 329

Kolaps-A-Tank This collapsible 1.340 US gallon (1,116imperial gal) water bag is a portable cubic package measuring just 45cm (18 in) on each side. Made of tough , foodgrade vinyl, approved by the US Food and Drugs Administration, it is ideal for relief work in drought zones, being eas ily transportable by road.

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Burch, USA

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295

• Facilitatesemergency waterdistribution

328

APT batte ryadapter A series of cylindrical sleeves permits rechargeable AA- and C-type battery cells to be used instead of D-type cells.

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Unknown Unknown;retoi/erJode Mountain,USA Cord, plastic, metal • Reductioninraw materialsduring production • Encourages useoj rechargeable batteries

335 295, 340 328, 329

Eco Charger Battery lifeof NiMH, Nicad and AlkalineAA, AAA, C and D cells is generally shortened by overcharging but the Eco Charger's LCD allows monitoring of the state of the charge and so extends the number of possible recharges.

Trojan L-16

This '3 -amp, th ree-pin plug will adjust the electricity su pplyto match the load requirements of the motor on a refrigerator and so reduce consumption, especiallyon older models or large motors .

This 360Ah (amp hour), 6V-capacity battery is suitable for trickl e charge from photovoltaic generating systems but will also accept a rapid charge from a fossil fuel, wind or water generator. This makes it ideal for domestic renewable energy systems. All the lead is from recycled sou rces and 80 per cent of the plastic Polyon casing

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Savaplug

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Plastic, brass, electronics 295 • Reductioninenergy consumption

328

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Trojan Battery Company, USA Trojan Battery Company, USA Recycled plastic, recycledlead • High percentageoj recyclotesusedin manuJocturing

325 325 295

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Saitek, USA

323

Saitek, USA

323

Plastic, metal, LCD

295

• Reuseandextended life 328 [orconsumables

is also recyclate.A lifespan of ten years is guaranteed and thereafter many of the com ponents can be once again recycled.

32]

Scimat 7 0 0 / 30 and 70 0 /35 Rechargeable nickel metal hydride batteries (NiM H) don't use any cadm ium, which is a highly toxic ingredient of nickelcadmium (NiCad) batteries. When NiMH batteries were introduced they used the same nylon material to separate the positive and negative electrodes and the electrolyte as NiCads

but this separator resulted in loss of charge and degraded chem ically. Scimat found that if polypropylene was exposed to an ultraviolet grafting technique it could absorb water and became hydrophilic. This improved penetration of the electrolyte into the sepa rato r, improving charge retention and

efficiency of NiMH batteries.

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SciMAT, UK

323

SciMAT, UK

323

Uv-treated polypropylene • Improves efficiency and lifetime oj rechargeablebatteries

341 329

AccuPlus Ult ra Vartawere one of the first battery manufacturers to abandon the use of mercurywith the introduction of rechargeable nickel cadmium (NiCad) batteries (or portable applianc.es in the mid-1 ggos. ContinUi ng their quest to reduce the environmental impact of their products, Varta now offerl.2VAA, C and D and 8-4V PP3 rechargeable nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries. These batteries are totally free of mercury and cadmium and offera longer life than NiCadswith, typically, up to a tho usand charge/ discharge cycles.

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Varto,Germany

325

Varto, Germany

325

Nickel, metalhydride, 295 metal • Reductioninmaterials 328, usage 329 • Reductionintoxic emissionsfollowing disposal • Reuse byrecharging

Wh igheffic iency motor Brook Hansen is a major su pplier of heavy-duty electric motors to UK industry. The 'W' HighEffi ciency Motor uses a new type of steel with improved magnetic characte ristics, which increases electrical effici ency by 3 per cent. Electric motors account for over 65 per cent of the

energy usage by UK industry, so this new motor can potentially reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the UKby up to 2.5 million ton nes per annum as existing moto rs are replaced. Use of this s pecial steel also allows a reduction of 30 per cent by weight compared with conventional steels.

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Brook Hansen with 313 ShejJieldand CambridgeUniversities, UK Brook Hansen, UK 313 Steel,copper, various athers • Reductioninenergy and materials usage

295 327, 328

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The debate about ozonedepleting gases such as CFCs in refrigeration units overshadowed other necessary innovations to tackle this problem. Leakage of gas from flare joints on old and new units with CFCs, HCFCs or other gases still makes a significant contribution to ozone depletion. eNDOSeAL is a special PTF E seal that can be easily fitted to provide a 100 per cent gas-tight seal, as the material extrudes into

cavities and is not corroded by the refrigerant. Preventing leakage of refrigerant also improves refrigeration efficiency and reduces consumption of electric power.

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UniversalMaster Products, UK Universal Master Products, UK PTFE • Reduction inozonedepletinggases • Reductioninenergy consumption

325 325

341 328,

34 0

3M Serie 9300 If masks are uncomfortable, wearers tend to discard them, so com promising their individual protection against fine dust in the workplace. This new mask from 3M has a rigid centre section and flexible upper and lower flaps to provide a better individual fit and make speaking easier. This three-section design also allows the mask to be folded flat and the interior kept dirt-free when not in use.

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3M New Products

312

DevelopmentTeam, Germany 3M, Germany

312

Various

339

• Improved personal healthequipment iFDesignAward, 1999

32 8 332

ErosamatTyp e 1, lA, 2 Woven mats of natural fibres placed on the surface of the soil abso rb raindrop impact and significantly reduce water runoff and conse quent soil erosion . Erosamat Type 1 and lA are made from jute fibres while Erosamat Type 2 is a heavier duty geotextile of coir fibres extracted from the husks of coconuts . The latter takes longer to decom pose but affords greater protection to soils more at risk from erosion.

All types of mat can be seeded to create a dense sward of vegetation, which further bonds the su rface of the soil.

Unknown Variousfor ABG Ltd. UK

•

Jute, coir • Renewable materials • Prevention ofsoil erosion

BioAcoustic Fish Fence (BAFF) Industrial and hydroelectric water intakes are usually protected bya physical grilleor barrier to prevent fish from being drawn in with the water. However, these conventional barriers reduce water flow, need maintenance and can kill the fish they are desig ned to protect. The BAFF is a patented techno logyfor creating a curtain of sound

using air bubbles. The so nic barrier warns fish to avoid the area and diverts them elsewhere.

•

Fish Guidance Systems, UK FishGuidanceSystems, UK Various • Protectionoffishstocks

Exofl yTrap' " Mimid Land mines planted during militaryand civil conflicts during the twentieth century kill or maim innocent civilians every day. An estimated 10 0 million undiscovered mines form a lethal legacy for future generations , so this portable, compact mine detector is a useful addition to the tools available to mine-clearance personnel.

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ProfGerhard Heufler, 30 7 Germany P Schiebel Elektronische 321 CerateAG, Germany Various 339 • Contributes to a 328 healthierenvironment

Control of the common house fly is essential in food-manufacturing plants. ExoSect has developed a method ofkilling flies without using insecticides and with a self-contained system of disposal of the dead flies. A cardboard box is marked with visual stimuli and doused with the female fly's sex hormone . Once enticed inside the box, the victims cannot take a direct flight path out and so try and alight on the inside surface of the box. This is coated with an inert powder which they cannot grip, so they fall to the bottom of the box where they suffocate in a layer of the same powder. Boxes can be disposed of by incineration or removal to a landfill.

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326

Electrostatic powder, cardboard, hormones • Avoidance oftoxic

288-9

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329

substances • Control ofpestsinfood manufacturing

Pureprint Conventional web-offset printingprocesses use waterwith about 10 per cent industrial alcohol, such as IPA, to ensure the plates stay wet so the inkscan flow . IPA is highly mobile as it readily evaporates and 'dissolves' in water. It is also a

carcinogen and therefore creates a potentially toxic environment for workers. Beacon Press avoid using water or alcohol and instead use silicon rubber to ensure appropriate 'wetting' of the plates and sharper resolution. Nor are any chemicals used in

preparation of filmwork, and a strong corporate environmenta l policy ensures that Beacon Press operate a clean techno logy printing plant in all aspects , from sup ply-chain management to car-sharing for emp loyees.

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Originally developed in Japanand USA Beacon Print. UK

313

Silicon rubber

283

• Reductionin water consumption • Avoidance ofuseof toxicsubstances

329. 330

Stairmate Work ing up ladde rs on slo pes or stai rs ca n be hazard ous. The Sta irma te , a folding foot to use on the base of the ladder, can im prove m atters . It is adjuste d to give a sta ble base fro m which any co nven tiona l ladd er ca n be sa fely climb ed .

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John Sandham and Stan Lewis, UK Lew San Ltd

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Metal,plastic

295

• Adding multifunctionality to existing design

329

310

TRISIT2 000 An estimated go million squa re metres (lO8 m illion sq yds) of waste seating fabric was generated by the automobile indust ry. Trisit have pate nted a metho d of fab ricat ing a m ultilayered te xtile to thr ee-dim ensi onal patterns witho ut generati ng waste fro m cutting an d sizing . The system can be mod ified to bes poke de sign s and is s uita ble for auto m obile sea ting a nd general-pur pose furnit ure.

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Trisit Design, Germany

325

Trisit Textiltechnologie GmbH. Germany Flame-resistantfabric

325 300-1

• Reduction in waste 328, output 329 • Reduction in materials andenergy

consumption iFEcologyDesign Award,2000

332

Netlon, UK Netlon, UK

•

Tensar" range Steep co nst ructio n slop es can be reinforced with Tensar" 80 RE, a uni -axial grid of polypropyle ne with elongated ap ertures, which im proves th e s hear strength of th e exposed s urface layers. Extrude d sheets of s pecia l polyeth ylene a re punched with regularly s ha ped apertu res, then stretched unde r heat to create a high strengt h grid. Whe n t his geo ma t is laid on th e surface it reduces soi l ero sion by abso rbing the energy of raind rop im pact

a nd providin g a n anc ho r for plant roots.

Polypropyleneor polyethylene • Protectionagainstsoil erosion and slope failure

Miscellal'1eolils

polyana®4 20 Altho ugh t here is an interna tionall y recognized syste m of labelling plasti cs to facilitate recycling, m an y produ cts and co m pon ents are not s uitab ly e m bossed or labelled. A typical ca r can co nta in as ma ny as thirty different plastics. So any device that can he lp ide ntify plastics facilitat es recycling. The Tribo pe n is a hand -held pen de vice with a brass tip th at accuratel y measu res the electrost atic su rface charge and is calibrated to read the charge from polycarbonates and polypro pylenes. A light then comes on to ind icate which of these two plastics has been ident ified. Polyana is a portable detector, which use s

infrared beam s an d an electron ic chi p to m atch t he reflected infrared profile of th e plast ic being tes te d aga ins t a series of known profiles to determin e its exact type. Both t hese devices speed up t he process of plasti cs ide ntificat ion an d perm it mo re efficien t recycling, t hus als o assisting with s upply-chain management.

Tree masts

/

Southompton 3' ° , Innovations, Universityof 316 Southompton and Ford MotorCompany, UK Sauthampton 310 Innovations, UK Various 34

~

• Facilitatesplastics recycfing

., •

'

328

As t he te lecommunication s ind ustry exten ds its networks in response to pub lic de ma nd for more mo bile phones, Internet co nnectio ns and other pay-as- you-go serv ices, t he re is a dem and for greater network cove rage . Th is m ea ns installing new t ransm itte r (and receiver) masts. Th e masts are visua lly int rusive, so Orang e , the UK's largest mo bile ph on e networ k provider , has create d a ma st th at m im icks the look of a Scot s pine tree. Tree Masts are ma de of ga lvanized-stee l 'stem ' an d 'branches' painted

to loo k like ba rk an d covere d wit h UV-resistant plastic foliage . Alt ho ugh this prod uct dea ls with t he q ue stio n of visua l intrusio n, the real deb at e s ho uld be about the en viro nm ental hea lth as pects of th e mass ive netwo rk expan sio n of teleco ms co m panies .

/

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Orange,UK

321

Orange, UK

321

Galvanized steel, paint,

295

Uv-tesiston: plastic

• Reduction ofvisual intrusion inthe landscape

329

---~) Introduction

within an ecosystem , that is, the energy captured , energy flows within the ecosystem and energy losses. All materials represent stored energy, captured from the sun or already held in the lithosphere of the earth . Materials also represent or em body the energy used to produce them. One tonne of aluminium takes over a hundred times more energy to produce than one tonne of sawn timber, so the embod ied energyof aluminium is comparatively high. Materials with a low embod ied energy are generally those with a sma ller rucksack of environmental impacts. Materials extracted directly from nature and requiring little processing tend to be low-embodied-energy materials, while manma de mate rials tend to possess medium to high embod ied energy (Table 2).

(It's A Material World) People first developed methods to synthesize materials from nature at the time of the earliest civiliz ations in Mesopotam ia. The Industrial Revolution and two world wars accelerated the synthesis of new manma de materials. Today the designer is faced with a mind-boggling array of hundreds of thousands of materials, some of which have no or little impact on the environment while others generate a rucksack of environmental impacts including depletion of nonrenewable resources, toxic or hazardo us em issions to air, water or land, and the generation of large quantities of solid waste. While designers have traditionally selected materials on the basis of their physical, chem ical and aesthetic properties, as well as by cost and availability, other parameters, such as resou rce depletion, are now proving impo rtant. Designers are now obliged to observe legal restrictions on the use of materials from endangered species, as listed in the 1973 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) . Various voluntary certification schemes, such as the Forest Stewardship Council and SmartWood schemes, ensure that materials originate from sustainablymanaged forests. Unfortunately, designers have few published guidelines about criteria for selecting materials in relation to

environmental , social and ethical issues. The checklist in Table 1 offers a method of considering the potential impacts of a material. Ecomater ials An ecomaterial is one that has a minimal impact on the environment but offers maximum performance for the required design task. Ecomaterials are easily reintroduced into cycles. Ecomaterials from the biosphere are recycled by natu re and ecomate rials from the technosp here are recycled by manm ade processes. Embodied energy One measure of ecoefficiency is the degree of efficiencyof use of energy

Table 1: A checklist for selecting materials Low environ-

High environ-

mental impact Renewable and/or abundant Near

mental impact and/or rare Far

Low

High

High

Low

Zero/Low

High

Zero/ Low Zero/ Low

High High

Recyclability, reusabi lity High End-of-life waste Zero/Low Cyclicity (the easewith which High the materialcan be recycled)

Low High Low

Material att ribute

Resource availabil ity Distance to source (the closer thesourcethe less the transportenergy consumed) km Embodied energy (thetotal energy embodied within the

N on-renewable

material from extractionto

fin ishedproduct) MJ perkg Recycled fraction (the proportion of recycled content) per cent

Production of emissions

(to air, water and/or land) Production ofwaste Production of toxins or hazardous substances

In complex products, such as a car, involVi ng application of many materials, the calculations of embodied energy are more involved. For insta nce, using lightweight aluminium as opposed to steel in the chass is of a car will ensure greater fuel efficie ncy and so reduce the total energy use over the lifetime of the product. Selection of highembodied-energy materials, which are durable and extend product life, may be preferred to lowerembodied-energy materials, which have a sho rt product life. So a very important consideration is the embodied energy of the material over the lifespan of the product.

Materials from the biosphere and lithosphere Materials derived from the living components of the planet, the biosphere, are renewable and originate from plants, animals and micro-organisms. Biosphere materials include special groups of manmade materials such as composta ble biopolymers and biocomposites derived from plant matter. Such materials are readily returned to the cycles of nature. Materials derived from the lithosphere (geological strata of the earth's crust) fall into two main categories. The first catego ry is widely distributed or abundant materials such as sand, gravel, stone and clay, while the second category includes materials whose distribution is limited, such as fossil fuels, metal ores and precious metals/stones. Materials

l from the biosphere or lithoSphere are often . processed bysynthesIs or concentration to create technosphere maten als. Materials from the technosphere Technosphere materials are generally non·renewable. Synthetic polymers (plastics, elastome rs and resins) derived from oil, a fossil fuel, are technosphere materials. Embodiedenergyvalues tend to be much higher than in biosphere materials. Most technosphere materials are not readily returned to the cyclesof nature and some, such as plastics, ceramics (glass, glass / graphite/carbon fibres) and composites (ceramic, metal), are inert to microbial decomp osition and willnever re-enter the biosphere. In a world of finite resources we need to be aware of the need to recycle technosphere materials. Recycling Threeexhibitions in the 1990Sencouraged designers to focus on the potential of using recycled materials from the technosphere. Rematerialize (1994), collated byJakki Dehn of Kingston University, UK, displayed a diverse selection of contemp orary materials made using recycled content. ' Mutant Materials ', curated by Paola Antonelli at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) In NewYork in 1997, examinedthe application of recycled therm oplastics alongside new mate rial developments such as specialist polymers, foamed

_

Introduction

Table 2 : Embodied energy values for common mater ials Materialtype

Typical embodied energy (M) per kg)

Biosphere and lithosphere materials Ceramic minerals, e.g., stone, gravel

Wood , bamboo, cork Natural rubber (unfilled) Cotton, hemp, silk, wool Wood composites, e.g., particleboards

2-8 5- 6 6-12

Technosphere materials Ceramics - bricks

2-10

Ceramics - glass

Ceramics - glassfibre

20-25 20-150

Ceramics- carbon fibre

800-1,000

Composites - titanium-carbide matrix

60D-1POO

Composites - aluminafibrereinforced

450-]00

Composites - polymer -thermoplasticNylon 6 (PA) Composite - polymer - thermoset - epoxy matrix - Kevlarfibre Foam - metal - high-density aluminium Foam - polymer- polyurethane Metal - ferrous alloys - carbon steel Metal - ferrous alloys - cast iron- grey (flake graphite) Metal -light alloys - aluminium- cast Metal - non-ferrous alloys - coppervarious alloys Metal - non-ferrous alloys - lead various alloys Metal - precious metalalloys - gold Polymer - elastomer - butyl rubber Polymer - elastomer - polyurethane Polymer - thermoplastic - ABS Polymer - thermoplastic - nylon Polymer - thermoplastic - polyethylene Polymer - thermoplastic - polypropylene

400-600 400-600 300-350 '40-160 60-]2 34-66 235-335 "5-180 29-5 4 5,600 -6,000 125-145 90-100 85-120 1]0-180 85- 130 90-1'5

Polymer - thermoset - melamine

120-15°

Polymer - thermoset - epoxy

100-150

Adopkd from Cambridgefnginu ring Selector, versionj.o, Granto Design Ltd, UK

alloys, foamed ceramics and unusual composites. An exhibition called Recycling, organized by Craftspace Touring in the UK in 1996, revealed the beauty of hand -crafted products made from recycled materials. Materials from the biosp here are readily taken back into nature's cycles by the process of biodegradation , or com posting, by the action

of microbes and by water and weather. Nature recycles all its mate rials but humans recycleonly certain manmade mate rials. Materials of low monetary value tend to have low volumes of recycling. Thus relativelyexpensive ferrous metal and light alloysoften include a recyclefraction of between 70 and 80 per cent, non-ferrous metals between 10 and 80 per cent and precious meta l alloys

(gold, platinum , silver) between 90 and 98 per cent. Relatively inexpensive polymers (plastics), on the other hand , exhibit recycle fractions of between zero and 60 per cent , the most commonl y recycled plastics being PET(20-30 per cent recyclefraction), polypropylene (25-35 per cent), polyethylene as LOPE or HOPE (typically 50-60 per cent) and polystyrene (35-40 per cent) . Specialist technos phere mate rials, especia llycom posites, for example, thermosets and reinforced thermoplastics, often have less than 1 per cent recyclefraction. Closed-loop recycling of materials from the technosph ere significantly reduces environmental impacts. Metals made entirely of recycled content and recycled plastics have an embod ied energy that is often only half or even as little as 10 per cent of that of virgin metals. Increasing the recycle fraction in more materials, by re-evaluating the idea of 'waste' , will bring savings in ene rgy. Green procurement Designers can also reduce the impacts of materials they use if they specify sources of materials and minimum recycle fractions and if they insist on com pliance with certain standards, such as ecolabels or voluntary industry schemes (see Green Organizations , p. 331). Specifiying suppliers or manufacture rs that comp ly with internationa lly recognized environmental management systems , such as ISO 14001 or EMAS , is also desirable.

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General-pu rpo se panels

suitable for interior deco ration and furniture.

Agricultural residues, such as wheat and rice straw, cotton stalks and bagass e, suga r cane waste, are bonded with formaldehydefree resins into sheeting and panels.

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Campak System s Ltd, UK • Renewable 327 materials 314

DuraCane Bagasse, the plant-fibre residue from sugar cane, is formed into a tough board, DuraCane, suitable for a varietyof indoor uses from furniture to built-in units and flooring.

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AaJdia Boord Company. USA • Renewable materials

3' 2 327

Eco Panel

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., (} Elast ic woo d Thin sheets of plywood are curved laterally to create a 'wave' profile,then bonded together to form a springy, flexi ble sheet ing suitable for a wide range of app lications. Varyingthe thickness of each layer and amount of curve changes the degree of elasticity.

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Prototype designedby Nickie Kiebaam. graduate student 20 0 0, Design Academy Eindhoven, Netherlands • Renewable materials

30 8

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BuchnerDesign Studio, USA Gridcore Systems International, USA • Renewable materials • Recycled materials • Lowembodied energy

327. 328

32 2

32 7

Jute. sisal and kenaf fibres are the raw ingredients for Findlay-Form", a natural fibre-based compos ite, which is suitable for detailed moulding especially for automobile components .

.,

FindlayIndustries. 316 USA • Renewable 327 materials

Gridcore" Gridcore" is a lightweight, chemical-free, honeycombed solid panel made from 100 per cent-recycled fibres such as used cardboard, newsprint and jute, kenaf and wood waste. The panels can be curved to compou nd or custom radii, making the material suitable for interior design and furniture.

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Gtidcore Systems 3 7 ' International (GS /), USA • Recycledcontent 327. • Taxinfr ee 329

Hexf'o rrn"

313 3 '7

32 2

Findlay-Form"

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This lightweight board comp rises a layer of Gridcore, a board made from a honeycomb of mixed waste paper, sandwiched between layers of veneer manufactured from timber harvested from sustainably managed forests.

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Phenix Biocomposites, USA Phenix Biocomposites, USA • Renewableand recycled materials

Environ" Environ ™ is possibly the first example of a massproduced biocompo site using a plant-based resin to bond recycled materials. It is manufactured from recycled paper and soy flour into sheets and floor strips to provide a material, which. it is claimed, is harder than oakwood and

This compa ny is part of the Kafus Environmental Industries group. which manufactures materials from alternative crops and recycled waste strea ms. Flexform' is made from kenaf and hemp fibres mixed with synthetic polymers and is particularly suited to moulded panels for the autom obile and construction industries .

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KaJUs Bia318 Composites. USA • Renewable 327 materials

N.C.F.R. Homasote" Homasote claim to be the oldest manufacturer of building board from 100 per cent-recycled postconsu mer paper in the USA, with a pedigree stretching back to '909. All the products in the ir range are free of asbestos and formaldehyde additives. For each tonne of recycled paper there is a net reduction of 73 per cent

emissions to air, 40 to 70 per cent less water consumpt ion and 70 per cent less energythan virgin wood pulp fi b~e. N.C.F.R. Homosote , a multipurpose interior or exteriorboard, is a good insulator and a barrier to moisture, noise and fire (when impregnated with fire retardants).

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Homasote

Company, USA • Ruycled materials • Lowembodied energy

318 32] , 328

Isobo rd Strawis an annu al agricultural residue that causes environmental problems when burnt and can lockup soil fertili ty upon decomposition. But it can provide second ary income for farmers when it is used as the raw material in composite board manufacturing. Isobord is an alternativeto conventional particle boards. It is made under high pressure and temperature by comb ining straw fibres with non-toxic isocyanurate resins to provide a resilient highdensity board that can be surface-finished by painting or laminating. Isobord is suitable for building, exhibition and furniture purposes.

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Isobord Enterprises, USA • Renewoble materials • Non-toxic manufacturing

318 32 ] , 329

Kronospan"

l.ignasil"

This Swiss company manufactures a diverse range of particle boards, T & G panels, MDF, Kronoply (an orientated strand board, OSB), laminate flooring and post-formed panels and surfaces for interior use. Laminated flooring sheets are FSCcertified, the formaldehyde-free, paneltype 'Hollywood' qualifies for a Blue Angel eco-Iabel and the compan y is certified to ISO '4001. Timber is generally sourced locally.

Lignasil~

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Kronospan AG. Switzerland • Renewable materials • Clean production • Certificotionof variousproducts to FSCorBlue Angeleco-label

319 32 ] ; 32 8 , 333

.,

is made from 100 per cent natural fibre held in a patented bio-alloy structure . It is an extremely tough material and is the primary com ponent of Madera ~ floor tiles.

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Matrix Composites, Inc" Canada • Renewable materials

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Masonite 32 0 Corporation, USA • Renewable 32 ] materials content

32 0

32 ]

M ader6n Ground waste shells from the almond-g rowing industry are mixed with resins to form a hard, durable composite suitable for furniture and panel manufacturing.

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Lignocel SA, 319 Spain • Renewable 32 ] materiol • Recycled content

Meadowood panels and sheeting Compressed panels of ryegrass st raw are su itable for all interior design, exhibition and furniture production.

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Meadowood Industries, lnc., USA • Renewable material

32 0

32 ]

Kucospan Life Kucospan Life is a formaldehyde-free chipboard formed with coniferwood thinnings and bound with up to 5 per cent by weight Polycarbamide (PMDI) , a polyurethane resin.

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Kucospan, UK • Renewable waste content • Reduction of toxicity and emissions

3 '9 32 8 , 329

Mason iteCP

Med iteZF

This tough, dense board is made from long-fibre wood compressed to attain a very high density of 940 kg{sq m (192Ib{sq ft), which makes it es pecially suita ble where structu ral st rength is required. It is manufactured to ISO 9001 and guaranteed and approved by the Swedish National Board of Housing.

Medite ZF is the trade name for an interior-grade, medium-dens ityfibreboard (MDF) man ufactured using softwood fibres bonded with formaldehyde-free synthetic resin. Free formaldehyde conte nt of Medite ZF is less than 1.0m g{100g (one part in 100 ,000), which is equivalent to or less than natural wood, and formaldehyde emissions

a re well below ge ne ral a m bient outdoo r levels. All ot he r Medit e MDF board s a re ma nufact ured to Class A EN622 Part 1, com plying with free formal deh yde co nten t of less tha n g.o mg/ lOog (nine part s pe r 100,0 00) . The co m pan y has applied for FSC cert ification for Medite.

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Easiboard and Easiwall A ran ge of wa ll pa nels is man ufactured with whea t s traw.

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Pierce International, lnc., USA • Renewable material

32 2

327

Wil/amette 32 6 Europe Ltd, UK • Renewable 327 , materials 329 • Reductionin toxicingredients and emissions

Oil-tempered hardboard Natura l ce llulose fibres are t he primary co ns tit ue nts of thi s type of hardboard , in which th e natu ral glues from th e fibres , rat her t ha n synthetic adhesive s, bo nd t he fibres together .

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Masonite CP, UK 32 0 • Renewable materials

327

Pacific board" Whea t st raw and Kent ucky bluegrass are the mai n fibre cons tituents of t he particleboard man ufactu red by th is com pa ny.

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Pacific Northwest 32 1 Fiber, USA • Renewable 327 material

General-purpose particleboard Some 14 ,0 0 0 to nnes of waste wheat straw a nn ually go to ma ke t his half-inchthick (r-em) , wheat- based part icleb oard su itab le for furniture, constru ction and inte rior design .

PacificGold Board This is a straw-based building board s uitab le for inte rior uses .

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Prairie Forest Praducts, USA • Renewable material

322 32 7

BioFab LLC, USA 313

Resincore

• Renewable resources

Resincore is a formal deh yde -free particleboard co m pose d of sawd ust, phe no lic resin an d wax.

327

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Rodman Industries, USA • Renewableand recycled materials

323 327

Schauman Wisa® plywoods Birch , sp ruce a nd pine from m anaged fores ts in Finland are used to manufact ure a range of plywoods s uita ble for inte rior, exterio r an d co ncrete formwork and as lami nboard . Specia l to ngue-and-groove pan el plywood lamin ated floorin gs include Schauma n Birch fioor, Sprucefioor an d Spruce Dek. The compa ny is certified to ISO 14001 .

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Schauman Wood 323 Oy, Finland • Renewable 327 materials • Stewardship sourcing

ShetkaBoard This range of sheeting m aterials mad e from recycled was te pap er is suita ble fo r co ns truc tion a nd inte rior de sign wo rk.

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AI/Paper Recycling, inc., USA • Recycled materials

., Wood compos ite Thin strands of as pen pul pwood a re rebonded in moul ds for furn itu re and aut om obile parts s uch as legs, s hells a nd seat backs. Strandwood 324 Molding. Inc., USA • Renewable 327 materials

Thermo-ply These fibreboa rds are made of 10 0 per ce ntrecycled m aterials including car dboa rd , office waste, m ill was te and pro duction sc rap.

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SimplexProducts, 32 4 USA • Renewable and 32 7 recycled materials

312

327

Stramit This compos ite fibre board panel is m ade of 100 pe r ce nt wheat straw sa ndwiched betwee n a recycled pa pe r facing.

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Stramit USA, USA • Renewable and recycled materials

324 327

Wheatboa rd' " This is a str on g pa rticleboa rd using bon de d, cros s-linked fibres of wheat stra w. It is sui tabl e for d iverse con st ruct io n an d inte rior uses , furn iture an d kitchen fixtures .

r-- Primeboord, Inc.,

32 2

USA • Renewable material

32 ]

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Bamboo Bamboo sourced from Vietnam is the principal material for strip and laminated flooring manufactured by the company, but poles and bamboo for structural purposes can also be supplied.

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Bamboo Hardwoods, Inc., USA • Renewable material

EcoTimber International, USA • Renewable materials • Toxin-jree • SmartWoodor FSCcertiJied

3'5

32 ] , 32 9, 333

Timber from sustaina ble sourc es Harwood Products supp lies timber and products from sustainably managed forests certified by the FSC. A member of CER ES.

313

(» 32 ]

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Harwood Products, USA • Renewable materials • CertiJied materials

3' ] 32 ]

Rubberwood

(»

There are over ].2 million hectares (17.8 million acres) of cultivated rubber trees worldwide, of which over 5.2 million hectares (12 .8 million acres) are in Malaysia, Indones ia and Thailand. Declining latex yields norma lly occur twenty-five to th irtyyears after planting. These older trees are now being harvested to provide a growing sup plyof Hevea, or rubberwood, the dom inant species being Hevea braziliensis. In '990 the ASEAN (the Association of South-east Asian Nations) produced about 17 million cubic met res (600 million cubic ft) of rubberwood. The timber is suita ble for a wide range of applications such as flooring, particle boards, kitchen ute nsils and general furnitu re woodworking.

~

e Certified tirnber This company supplies highdensity prepared boards from sustainablyharvested palm trees. The timber is guaranteed 100 per cent chemical-free and is suita ble for structural, flooring and furniture applications. A wide range of North American and tropical hardwoods is supplied from certified sources.

~ Microllam" and lntrall arn" With minimal wastage from the forest roundwood , TJM bond layers of aspen wood with resin to form high-st rength tim ber com pos ites - Microllam?" comprising thin even layers and Intrallarn™ formed from more irregular layers and chips.

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TrusJoist 32 5 MacMillan, USA 32 ] , ,~ • Reductionof wasteoutput 32 8 • Efficient use of resources

Numerous manufacturers in tropicalcountries • Renewable resource

32 ]

THL Iron Woods" Diniza, Purpleheart, Greenheart and Macaranduba are very tough, exceptionally dense, trop ical hardwoods. Promoted under the brand name THL Iron Woods" , these sawn and planed woods are certifed bythe FSC and the Rain Forest Alliance's SmartWood" schemes as originating from sustainab lymanage d forests . All these iron woods are extremely dura ble and do not require any chem ical treatmen ts to prolong life.

Timber Holdings Ltd, USA • Renewable materials • CertiJiedsources

325 32 ]

Timberstrand" LSL TJM produce a range of engineered timbers compo sed of strands or sheets of veneer bonded with adhesives or resins at high pressu re and heat. Tirnberstrand'" TSLis a genera l-purpose structu ral timber. TJM products enco urage better resou rce usage th an sawn timber since almost all the sawn log is used in the compos ite t imber. TrusJoist 32 5 MacMillan, USA 32 ] ,~ • Renewable material • Efficient useof resources

0

Willows This nursery specializes in the cultivation of willow species and cultivars suited to the climate of the UK and Europe. Over 135 species, subs pecies and varieties of willow are listed in the catalogue. Advice is also given on bulk s upplies of cut osiers and willows.

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The Willow Bank, 326 UK • Renewable 32] materials

Bioplasr " and Biopur"

BioFoam BioFoam is a loo se-fill packaging made of pu re starc h and is biodegradable.

., ~

Johnson Corrugoled Products, USA • Renewable materials

318

Biot ec specializes in biod egrad ab le plastics using vegeta ble sta rch as the raw ingre dient. Trad e prod ucts includ e Biop last"' an d Biopur" . They have sim ilar prop e rties to polystyrene, so they are suitable for making disposab le cup s for ven d ing mach ines an d catering com pa nies.

., ~

Biotec, Germany

313

• Renewable materials

32 ]

•Compostoble

depart®

Eco-Foarn"

Derived from po lyvinyl alco ho l, dep art" is a wate rso luble and biodegrad able plastic.

Po lystyrene chi ps , often made by inject ing cho rofluo roc arbo n (CFC) gase s, can now be su bstit uted with biode grad able chips of foam ed starch po lyme r, Eco-Foam" , where stea m is used as the blowing age nt. This biopo lymer is ma de of 85 per cent corn sta rch, so it is biodegradable, wate rsoluble and reusab le. It is also free of static, wh ich mak es the packag ing proces s ea sier.

.,

32 ]

~

Environmental PolymersGroup pic, UK • Compostable

3,6

32 ]

Biopolymers Eastman m anufactures a range of biodegradable po lymer s from cellulose acetate.

Capa" Bioco rp: biopolymer Corn starch is th e main ingredient of th e compostable biopolymer s made by Biocorp. Products include plas tic bags and cutlery.

., ~

Biocorp, USA

313

• Renewable materials • Compostable

32]

Capa" is a the rmo plastic ma de of po lycap rolacto nes, which are biod egrad able.

., ~

SolvayPlastiques, 324 Belgium • Renewable 32 ] material • Compostable

Biopolymers Bio polym ers an d industrial sta rches are extracte d and processed from the corn (ma ize) plant.

., ~

Cereslar USA, USA • Renewable material • Compostabte

3'4 32 ]

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Eastman Chemical Company, USA

315

~

• Renewable

32 ]

materials • Compostable

Nationa!Starch II( ChemicalCo., USA -Renewable materials • Reusable • AvoidanceoJCFC emissions

Eco-Flow

EnPol

Eco-Flow is an extr ude d packaging material prima rily com posed of wheat sta rch.

Enpol is a fully biod eg radab le plas tic, wh ich is similar to polyethylen e (po lythe ne) but uses two and a half times less material to achi eve th e sa me strength properties.

., ~

American Excelsior Company, USA • Renewable material • Composlable

3' 2

32 ]

Polyvalplc, UK

32 ] • Potentia! reduction in materialsusage Jorapplicalions usinglhe biopolymer • Compostable

corn starch and is suitable for a wide range of app lications from packaging to refuse disposa l bags.

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Novamont SpA, 3' 6, Italy/fnPac, USA 32 1 • Renewable material 327 • Compostable

EnviroFill EnviroFili is an extruded, biodegradable, starchbased, loose-fill packaging mate rial.

0 ~

NOTeI/Unisource, 32 1 USA • Renewable 327 material • Compostable

Flo-Pak Bio8 Corn, wheat or potato starch is the raw material for Flo-Pak Bio 8 loose-fill packaging.

0 ~

Free-Flow Packaging International, Inc., USA • Renewable materials • Compostable

316

327

Mater-Bi Mater-Bi is a biodegradable plasticfilm manufactured by Novamont in Italy and Unde r licence by EnPac in a JOint venture between DuPont and ConAgra in the USA. It is derived from

MAZIN This composta ble biopolymer is derived from polymers extracted from corn (maize). It is produced in extruded sheets for phone and ID cards and similar printed products.

., (}

CornCard International, Inc., USA • Renewable materials • Compostable

314

327

Trees have a productive lifetime of up to thirty years, after which latex production declines. Plantations also act as a sink for absorb ing carbon dioxide. Natural rubber is used pure or mixed with synthet ic rubbers and fillers to manufacture a huge range of products from tyres and tubes , industrial comp onents and medical goods to footwear and clothing. Special grades of NR produced by Malaysia include SUMAR (NonSmelly Rubber), ENR (Epoxidized NR) , DPNR (Deproteinized NR) , and PAjSP (Superior Processing Rubber).

.,

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Novon International, USA • Renewable material • Compostable

32 1

327

PHA PHAsare biodegradable plastics derived from plants or bacteria that are water-soluble and eas ily recycled . PHAs are suitable for medical and foodpackaging uses.

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Metabolix, Inc., USA • Renewable materials • Compostable and recyclable

32° 327

Manyintropical countries • Renewable 32 7 material • Versatile natural polymer

Natu ral rubber (NR) The historyof rubber cultivation can be traced back to early civil izations in Central and South America but it wasn't until the nineteenth century that a native species, Hevea braziliensis, was commercially exploited and became a major export for Brazil. The process of vulcanization, discovered by Charles Goodyear in 1839, rapidly expanded the applications for natura l latex in the Industrial Revolution, Today over 70 per cent of rubber product ion, 5.2 million hectares of a world total of 7.2 million hectares (12.8 million acres and 17.8 million acres respectively), centres around Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand.

PLA, EcoPLA

Novorr" This is a thermop lastic starch, containing up to 90 per cent starch derived from plants. Additives control the rate of decompos ition, which varies from fiveto forty-five days depending on am bient moisture and temperature conditions and microbial activity.

Plastics manufacture rs all over the world are examining the commercia l viability of making plastics using renewable resources . In 2000 Cargill Dow Polymers announced that their 'NatureWorks Technology' had created a new bioplastic called polyactide (PLA) , derived from the maize plant. A new factory is sched uled to open in Blair, Nebraska, to supplyinitially up to ' 5°,0 0 0 tonnes per ann um. Some of the world's largest manufacturers of plastic food packaging, such as TetraPak, Autobarr, Bimo

and Treopaphan, are interested in producing PLA products in the future.

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Cargill Dow Polymers, USA • Renewable materials • Compostable

314 32 ]

Polymeric resins This company spec ializes in developing engineered polymers for the medical, personal care and agrotechnology markets. Their polymeric resins are degradable.

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PlantPolymer 32 2 Technologies, Inc., USA • Degradable 32 ] materials

Chanvriso l, Chanvrilaine, M ehabit Loose-fill and blanket insulation is made by combining cellulose (wood) fibres with hemp fibre. Chanvrisol is loose-fill insulation, Chanvrilaine a blanket insulation and Mehabit a flooring underlay.

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LCDA (La Chonvriere de rAube), France • Renewable moten"als

319

32 ]

Insulat ion Recycled textil e waste is rep rocessed into insulation mate rials. Greenwood 31] CottonInsulation Products, tnc., USA • Recycled content 32]

insulation battens and quilts. In the HeraflaxWP battens and Heraflax WF quilt the fibres are integrated with polyester fibres to form sta ndard 60mm - or Somm-thick (1/4- or '/3- inch) products. Both materials are good insulators with a thermal conductivity of 0.42 W/sq m.

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Deutsche Heraklith GmbH, Germany, and Osterreichische Heraklith Gmbh, Austria • Renewable materials • Energy-saving product

3 , '5 32 1

32 ] , 329

Hypodown Fibres from the milkweed plant provide the raw materials for this com pany's range of hypoallergenic down products, Hypodown, suitable for use in bedding and upholstery.

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NaturalFibers 32 0 Corporation, USA 32 ] , ,,~ • Renewable materials 329 • Non-allergenic

suppressant, helping to clean the land, and it is a prolific producer of biomass and fibre, growing up to 4 metres (13ft) high in 100 days. Hemp cultivars with minimal active 'drug' chem icals have been grown in Germany since 1996 specificallyfor the production of this new insulation material. Fibres are extracted from the harvested plants and reworked into panels using 15per cent polyester for support and 3-5per cent soda for fireproofing. It is suitable for insulating between stud walls and roofing timbers. ThermoHanf"> (Thermo Hemp) conforms to all DIN-Norm standards and has a therma l conductivityof 0.039W/mk for DIN 52612. It also has in-built resistance to insect attack from the plant' s own natu ral defences.

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HockDistribution/ 318 Swabian ROWA, Germany • Renewable 32 ] material • Clean praduction

Biopolymers and resins This company specializes in the manufacture of starchbased biopolymers and resins suitable for injection moulding. Clean Green is loose-fill packaging that is water-soluble.

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StarchTech.lnc., 32 4 USA • Renewable 32 ] materials • Compostable

Herafla x Longand short flax plant fibres are separated; the former are used for weaving linen and the latter are ma nufactured into

Thermo-Hanf"

Wool bloc

Hemp is an ideal crop for all aspiring organic farmers. It does not require the application of any herbicides or insecticides, it is a good weed

Sheep's wool is combined with an acrylicsolution and natural boron salts to make low the rmal-conductivity (0.038W/mk) insulation batts, of 50mm, 75mm and

100mm thickness (0.2, 0·3 and 0.4 inch), with squarecut ends. Manufacturing typically consumes less than one-fifth of the energy required to make glassfibreinsulation, so the embodied energy of woolbloc is less than 150 MJ/square metre. . Woolbloc is hydroscoplc, so it can absorb excess moisture vapour but, being also breathable, it permits evaporation of this moisture. Tests have also proven that it absorbs formaldeh yde released from other building materials, is a good acoustic barrier and is fire-resistant.

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Klober, UK

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• Energy 327, conservation 32 9 • Clean production • Renewable, recyclableand biodegradable primarymaterial

319

Papers , panels, compos ites Kenafplant fibre is grown and processed by Arizona Fibers Marketing ready for a variety of commercial uses for the paper and construction industries.

Board is also made from recycled newsprint and is coloured with natural mineral pigments . Both boards are suitable for interior app lications , pinboards , noticeboards, exhibition displays and furniture.

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Arizona Fibers Marketing,USA • Renewable materials

312 327

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Celotex Ltd, UK

314

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• Recycled materials • Clean production

327

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Enbiomass 316 Group, Inc., USA • Renewable 32 7 materials • Compostable

Nativa Rubber Latex is harvested from wild trees in the Amazon rather than commercial plantations . This helps support local cultures and econom ies and encourages rainforest conservat ion.

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Deep ECompany, 315 USA • Renewable 32 7, material 330 • Ethical production • Encourages nature conservation

Sundeala and Celotex Sealcoat Sundeala is a soft board manufactured from unbleached recycled newsprint available in a range of natu ral colours. Celotex Sealcoat Medium

Sustana " leathe r Claimed to be the most exclusive 'eco-Ieather' in the world, Sustana '" originates from cattle managed on susta inable and humane principles, without the use of growth hormones, steroids or antibiotics, on the Coleman ranch in Colorado. Tan ning is undertaken by Cudahy Tanning in Wisconsin using low-toxicity trivalent chrom ium and chorinefree water-based dyes and finishes. Protein wastes are recycled and water effluents treated by biological purifying systems. Sustana'" is the primary leather source for shoes made by the Deep E Company.

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Packaging Agricultural fibres and residues are formed into a diverse range of food packaging and disposable cutlery.

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Deep ECompany, 3 5 ' USA • Renewable 327 , materials 330 • Clean production • Ethical production

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Auro paints, oils, waxes and finishes

BioShield paints, stains, thinners, waxes

Auro manufactures an extensive range of 'organic' paints, oils, waxes, sta ins and other finishes without the use offungicides, biocides or petrochemicals including white spirit (an isoaliphate). Oils originate from renewable natu ral so urces such as ethereal oils, balm oil of turpentine or oil from citrus peel, so waste from the manufacturing process is eas ilyrecycledand the pote ntial health hazard of the finished products is less than in petrol or isoaliphatic-based manufactur ing systems . Emulsion paints for interior use include white chalk and chalk casein paints, which can be tinted using pigments from a range of 330 colours. Exterior-grade gloss paints and stain finishes are suitable for app lyingto wood, metal, plaster and masonry.

BioShield Paint Company manufactures a diverse range of paints, stains, thinners and waxes from natura l ingredients such as oils from linseed, orange peel and soybean.

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Auro 312 Pjla nzenchemie AGfAuro GmbH, Germany • Non-toxic 327 ingredients • Cleanproduction

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BiaShield Paint Company, USA • Renewable materials

313

(phytochemical oils such as citrus), wood polishes (beeswax), wall glazes (beeswax and madder root) and varnishes pigmented with natural soil pigments . Livos URA Pigment Paint comprises organically so urced beeswax, linseed/ stand oil, orange-peel oil and dam mar mixed with water, methylcellulose, isoaliphate, ethanol , iron oxide, mineral pigments , borax and boric acid. The amou nt of pigment can be adjusted to give the desired st rength of colour.

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327

Adhesives, paints , varnishe s, oils Natural organic cons tituents and abunda nt minerals are the basis for the entire range of Holzweg products for timbers and masonry surfaces including adhesives, primers, paints, varnishes and oils.

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Halzweg. Germany • Renewable materials «Non-toxic

318 327

Livas In '975 Livos developed techniques for dispersing ingredients in natural resins. The compan y has continued to develop its range of natural-based primers (with linseed oil), hardening floor agents (pine tree resins). transparent glazes

Livas Pflanzenchemie, Germany • High content of natural, renewable materials • LowornilVOC content • EUeco-labelfor some products

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NutshellNatural Paints, UK • Renewable materials • Non-toxic • Clean production

321 327

327, 339, 34 1

Milk-based paints

All paints and finishes in The Natural Choice collection utilize natural oils and solvents, originating from citrus peel or seeds, resins from trees, waxes from trees and bees, inert mineral fillers and earth pigments. Oils are extracted by cold pressing or with low heat and all products are packaged in biodegradable or recyclablecontainers with an emphasis on keeping packaging to a minimum. The Naturol Choice, USA • Renewable

Nutshell produces a full range of adhesives, paints , herb and resin oils, varnishes and stains with natural pigments .

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The Natural Choice

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Nut shell"

Traditional milk-based paints, suitable for interior design/r estoration and furniture production, are made bythis compa ny. These paints follow authentic recipes and are free of synthetics.

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Old Fashioned Milk Paint Company, USA • Renewable materials

321

327

32°

327

materials • Minimal pollution monufacturing • Minimal packaging

OS Color Waxes from canau ba and candelilla plants and oils

Paints/Varnishes. Miscellaneous frorn sunflower, soybean, linseed and thistle arethe rawingredients of a wide range of natural starn s and protective finishes for exteriorand interior wood surfaces. For example, OS ColorWood Stain and Preservative is a natu ral oil-based, microporous, water-repellent treat ment for timber exposed to the weather. The natural oils, water-repellent additives and lead-free siccatives (drying agents) form the binder, which comprises almost 85 per cent of the solids content. This binder is mixed with the active (bacteria and fungi) protective ingredients, alipathiclow-odour solvents (benzole-free, diaromatized, medicalgrade white spirit) and pigments (iron oxide, titanium dioxide). Floor treatment, such as the OS Color Hardwax-Oil , is an oil-based application, which gives a durable, washable, surface. It doesn't contain biocides or preservatives. Manufacturing plants are covered by ISO 9 001 and ISO 14000 .

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Ostermann a( 32 1 Scheiwe, Germany • Lowinsolvents 327, andfree VOCs, 34 1 biocide», preservativesand citrusoils 'Natural, renewable raw materials

Bio T®

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Bio TO> is a generalpurpose cleaner derived from terpene, which is suita ble for use in the man ufactu ring indust ries and public-sector maintenance.

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BioChem Systems, USA • Derivedfrom renewable materials

313 327

Ad hesives , paint s Potmolen make a t raditional range of cabinetmakers' glues and adhesives derived from casein, together with gloss paints based on linseed oil and othe r natural ingredients.

Biof'orrn"

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This biodegradable release agent is made from canola oil and is suitable for use with concrete, plastic, PVC, silicone rubber, steel, styrofoam and wood.

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LeahyWolf Company, USA • Renewable material

31 9

This comp any bulkmanufactures dyes from nat ural so urces to supply other indust ries with alternatives to synthetic colourants.

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Potmolen Paints, UK • Renewable materials • Toxinfree

322 327

ColorTrends, lnc., 314 USA • Renewable 327 materials

Rilsan

Glu eM ate'M Dry and green timber can be finger-jointed using the PRF/Soy 2000 adhesive system, which uses Gluefvl ate'" , a protein-based gel derived from soybeans .

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ElfAtochem, USA 316

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• Renewable materials

327

Soy Clean Soy Clean is a range of biodegradable, non-toxic cleaners and paint . removers derived from soybeans.

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Franmar Chemical man ufacture a multipurpose, indust rialstrength cleaner, Bean-edoo'", and a waterless hand cleaner, Bean-eclean'", both derived from soybeans.

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Ril san resins are derived from castor beans and are often used in the powder coating of metals.

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Bean-e-c1 ean ™

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327

N atu ral colo urant s and dyes

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Hopton 318 Technologies, USA • Renewable 327 material

SoyEnvironmental 324 Products, lnc., USA • Renewable 327 materials • Toxin-free

FranmarChemical, inc., USA • Renewable materials • Reductionintoxic chemicalsand VOCs

316 32 7, 34'

Papers

Continuum

Conse rvation, Retreeve

Old denim jeans, worn-out money notes and industrial cotton waste are recycled in a diverse range of papers. Zenus Crane's mill has been recyclingwaste textiles and paper since 1801 . The tradit ion continues with the Continuum brand of treefree papers using 50 per cent cotto n fibre and 50 per cent hemp fibre.

The Conservation range includes 100 per centrecycled wove and laid papers suitable for ink-jet and laser printing, corporate stationery and general-purpose office use. It cons ists of 25 per cent millwaste, 50 per cent pre-consumer and 25 per cent post-consu mer waste and meets all the requirements of NAPM and Eugropa recycled marks. Retreeve is a range of qualitytext and cover papers, which (excluding BrilliantWhite) is 100 per cent recycled. The compan y has an environmental policy and is certified to ISO 14001 and EMAS.

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Crane a{ Company, USA • Renewable resources • Conservationof forestresources

314 32 7. 330

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Curtis Fine Papers 3 '4 Ltd,UK • Recycledcontent 327. • NAPMcertified 334

Tree-free paper A range of papers is made from natural plant fibres, such as cotton and hemp, and post-consumer paper waste.

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Green FieldPaper 3' 7 Company, USA • Renewableand 32 7. recycled 330 materials • Encourages forest resource conservation

Multiboard Kraft, Offset, Ecofrost

Index paper, board for folders

Composite sheeting and boards are made from a diverse range of recycled materials, of which 55per cent originates from used PE-coated milkcartons, newsprint and corrugated paper, the remaining 45 per cent from the industrial or production waste st reams. This compa ny is registe red to ISO gOOl , ISO 14001 and EMAS.

Hurum takes back used laminated drinks cartons made of paper, plastic and aluminium. The cartons are shredde d and separated into the component waste streams, then the recovered pape r is used to make recycled paper for index-card systems and board for folders. The aluminium fraction is sent to another manufacturer for reprocessi ng. The company is certified to ISO g OO1 , ISO 14001 and EMAS.

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Fiskeby BoardLtd, UK • Recycled materials • EMS policy

316 32 7, 34 0

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Hurum Fabrikker 318 AS. Noway • Recycledcontent 327. • Recycling of 328 recoveredmetal

Offi ce and sanitary paper Over four hundred tree-free papers, made from plant fibres and recycled waste paper, are availablefrom this manufactu rer.

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New LeafPaper, USA • Renewable and recycled materials • Conservation of forestresources

32 1 327. 330

Papers. Inks Paperback. UK

32 2

Vanguard

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• Recycled materials • Reduction in embodied energy • NAPM approved • Stewardship sourcing, FSC

327, 32 8 , 333, 334

This tree-free, bond-quality paper is manufactured from 25 per cent agricultural crops and 75 per cent post-consumer waste paper.

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'c ontext' and othe r Paperbackpapers There are tens of paper manufacturers and distributors in the UK who offerrecycled papers in their range but Paperback offersthe most extensive range of gloss and matt coated papers, uncoated offsets, letterheads and speciality grades manufactured from recycled waste paper. This process consu mes less than halfthe energy required to make paper from virgin wood pulp. The company was set up in 1983 when use of recycled paperwas a fringe activity in both the consumer and commercial markets . It is committed to encouraging use of recycled paper to decrease the disposal of six million tonnes of waste paper annually in the UK. Boards range in weight from 225gsm up to 300gs m with a varietyof finishesfrom smooth white watermarked up to naturalcoloured micro-fluting. All 'context' papers and boards contain 75 per centde-inked used waste to a ~APM approved grade and Context FSC' is made from 75per cent-de-inked fibre and 25per cent-FSCendorsed pulp.

Ecoblend'

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LivingTree Paper Company, USA • Renewableand recycled materials • Conservation of forestresources

Printing in ks Alden & Ott manufacture a range of heat-set soy-based inks with about 20-25 per cent soy content and colour pigments avoiding the use of heavy metals.

319

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Alden a( Ott, USA 312

32 7, 330

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• Renewable material • Cleaner production

327

EcoPure EcoPure is a range of inks derived from soybeans. The company also produces a diverse range of water-based flexographic inks and specialist inks for printing on metal.

Savatree This compa ny produces a vast range ofk raft, packaging grade and printing papers . The Savatree range uses 100 per cent-waste paper to create recycled papers such as MG Greent reesaver Kraft, MG Green Envelope and MGTreesaver Plus Kraft used in the manufacture of envelopes.

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SmithAnderson a( 324 Co. Ltd, UK • Recycled content 327

0 Vision" and Revision " printing paper Kenaffibre is the principal raw material for the manufacture of a range of 100 per cent tree-free and chlorine-free printing papers.

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Vision Paper, KP Products, USA • Renewable materials • Conservationof forestresources

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Inx International Ink Co., USA • Renewable materials

318 327

Print ing inks An extensive range of vegetable-based inks is available for offset and lithographic printing.

319

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FlintInk, USA

316

327

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• Renewable materials

32 7

Soybean ink s Manufacture r of a diverse range of inks derived from soybeans .

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Ron Ink. USA

323

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• Renewable materials

327

Textiles i

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Designer Jasp er Mor rison has bu ilt on a lon g Scott ish t rad itio n of weav ing woollen text iles by creating a new range offurnishi ng fabrics for Bute Fabr ics in vibrant , co ntem porary co lo urs, yet t he durability and wa rm surface textures associated with t raditional crafted products are ret ained . Bute Fabrics so urce mu ch of their raw mat erials locally an d ado pt clean produ ct ion, mini m izing the use of harmful su bsta nces duri ng pro ce ssing, as an integral part of th eir environ me nta l po licy. These fabrics are suita ble for resto ratio n projects an d for new furn iture.

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Bute Fabrics, UK

3'3

• Renewable materials • Clean production

32 7

Cant iva' Hem p is a very strong nat ural fibre, nat urally resi st ant to salt wate r,

mould, mildew and UV light, a nd its use in China is documented through ten thou sand years . Ten s of d ifferent pure hemp o r hemp/natural-fibr e fab rics are de signed by Hemp Textiles Inte rnat io nal using the Cant iva™ brand hem p fibre. Fab rics ran ge from hea vy-duty pure hemp ca nvas weighing 620 g/s q ua re m etre (18.3 oz/sq yd) to lightweight hemp/ silk or hem p/ cotton mixtures weighing between 92 and 1939/squa re met re (2.7 and 5.7 oz/ sq yd). Bulk o r who lesa le orders are produced in co ntractual a rrang ements with a Chine se m ill.

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Hemp Textiles International, USA • Renewable materiais

3'7

32 7

Lyons, DesignT ex, and Lothar Pfister and Fab iola Forna s ier, Rohn er Textil. After sc ree ning over 8,300 chemicals used in con venti on al textile manufacturing, the de sign con su ltan cy concluded that o nly th irty-eight were really safe, being comple tely no ntoxic and non -hazardou s. Two natura l fibres we re se lected, wool for its wa rmth a nd wate rabsor ption properties, an d ram ie, a flax-like fibre produced in Indone sia, for its coolnes s and waterrepellent prop erties . Ciba Ge igy assisted with the develop m ent of natur al dyes a nd the meth od s of processin g a nd manufacture of th e textile at Rohner Textil's mi lls. Apparen tly, the effluent wate r fro m th e factory was cleaner after treatme nt than the o rigina l imported water source.

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Furrows, Carnegie and Wintexfabric from Clirnatex" l.ifecycle" yarn Desi gnTex com miss io ned Mc Dono ugh Braun gart Desi gn Che m ist ry to create a new biodegradable fabric fo r t he ir office furn iture systems. The new fabric, Clirnatex" Lifecycle'", was designed by William McDonough an d Professor Dr Michael Braungart, McDon o ugh Braungart Design Chemi stry, USA/ Germ an y, with Susan

RohnerTextil, Switzerland,Jor DesignTex, USA • Durable, recyclableand compostoble materials • Non-toxic and non-hazardous manufacturing • Reduction in water consumption during manufacturing

Wool from rare breeds of animal s is sp un and woven into a range of highperfo rma nce ya rns an d fabrics.

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Dalton Lucerne RareFibres Ltd, UK Various manufacturers • Renewob/e resources • Encouraging animal conservation

3'5 , 323 327 , 328

FoxFibre® Fox F ib re~ is ma de from organic sou rces of natura lco loure d cotto n th at don 't require dyeing and so sig nificantly red uce wate r usage and effluent production du ring processing.

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NaturalCotton 320 Colours, Inc., USA • Renewable 32 7 materials • Clean production

Textiles Terrazo Felt 'Colour Chips '

unbleached textiles D eing and bleaching both y .' t generate emiSS ions 0 . water and air during textile manufacturing, so [unichi Arai borrowedfrom the traditions of jacquard woven fabrics to create a striking series of heavilytextured, undyed, unbleachedtextiles. 'Basket Weave pockets' uses fine cotton yarn and knitted tapes to create a dens ely woven fabric, while 'Korean Carrot' is an undyed wool weave with a felt-like finish. junichiArai, cia 321 NunoCorp., japan • Renewable 327 materials • Clean production

Recycled yarn textileswool, cotto n Mollsjo produces a range offabrics by weaving recycled yarns of wool and cotton from reclaimed denim jeans. Each fabric run is unique and depends on the mixture of yarns and warp and weft settings. One-ojfs, small 308 batch production bydesigner-maker Carina Mollsjii, Sweden ,~ • Recycled content 32 7

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This non-woven, needlepunched, blanket-type fabric fuses dye-chips into a 100 per cent-natu ral-coloured alpaca-woolfelt over a core of polyester organdy to produce unique pieces of material.

Green Cotton"

TENCEL ®

Well before 'organic' became the adjective of the late 1990s, compa nies such as Novotex were reexamining the sustaina ble features of their business: Sources of raw materials were analyzed and it was discovered that hand-picked cotto n from pesticide-free South American so urces required less cleaning than intensivelygrown 'commercial' cotto n. Longfibre cotto ns were selected to provide a yarn that could be woven to facilitate dyeing with water-based dyes and reduce chemical additives throughout the production process . As a result Green Cotton is free of chlorine, benzidine and formaldehyde. Waste water generated in processing is chemically and biologically cleaned in situ. Supply chain management, cleaner production and dust and noise control have also created a healthier environment for em ployees at Novotex.

TENCEL" is a modern textile that uses natural raw materials in the form of 'lyocell' cellulose fibre derived from wood pulp harvested from managed forests. This lyocell fibre is processed through the unique TENCEL" 'closed loop' solvent spinning process, which is economical in its use of water and energyand uses a non-toxic solvent that is continuously recycled. The resultant TENCE L" fibre is soft, breathable, absorbent and fully biodegradable. Luxurious surface finishes are achieved by abrading the wet fibres, a technique called fibrillation. Awide varietyof fibrillated or non-fibrillated (TENCEL AlOO) finishes is achievable. TENCE L" filament is suitable for knitted and woven fabrics, is softer in feel yet stronger tha n cotton and provides a good surface for printing and dyeing. Many of the world's leading fashion designers have taken advantage of the versatility offa brics woven with TENCEL" yarn.

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Novotex, Denmark • Clean productionof 'organic' naturalji bre textiles

32 1

32 7

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AcordisFibres (Holdings) Ltd,

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• Renewable, 327, compostable 328 materials • Clean production • Energy-efficient production

312

UK

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Nuno Corporation, japan • Renewableand recyclable

321 327

materials

Terrazo Felt ' N uno' Industrial-waste snippets of various Nuno fabrics and 'outtakes' in raw wool are combined in a needlepunched technique to create an interesting textured terazzo effect. The constituents are 8S per cent alpaca wool with 1S per cent Nuno production waste.

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Nuno Corporation, j apan • Renewable and recycled materials

321

327

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G~m(.J$.t~~~LtlIffi ACAT fibre board

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The sourcing of this fibre board, made from go per cent waste fibre from paper, wood and plastics with 10 per cent adhes ives, makes its manufacture a viable proposition and reduces waste disposal while minimizing embodied energy of manufacturing.

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Alaska Centerfor Appropriate Technology, USA • Recycfed materialslocally sourced • Reductionin embodied energy

304

327, 34 0

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Eco Panel

Tectan

RPl's Eco Panel is made from HOPE recycled plastics and is available in ten sample mixes and patte rns ranging from neut ral greys to mixed primary colours.

Used drinks cartons are mixed with industrial scrap from the cartonmanufacturing plants under the Ouales System Deutschland scheme to provide the ingredients for this toug h, waterresistant board. The raw material is shredded, then compressed under heat and pressure, causing the polyethylene fraction to melt and bond the particles. It is suitable for building and furniture manufacturing.

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Recycfed Plastics, 323 lnc., USA • Recycfedcontent 327

Duraplast Recycled mixed polyethylene (HOPEand LOPE) is bound with resin to form general-purpose boards and sheets.

AERT LifeCycle, ChoiceDekand MoistureShield

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AERT s products are man ufactured from a mixture of recycled polyethylene (HOPE and LOPE) plastics and waste wood fibre. UfeCycie and ChoiceOek are plank sections suitable for decking while MoistureShield is suitable for door, window and furniture constr uction.

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Advanced Environmental Recycfing Technologies (AER1J, USA • Recycfed materials

EnviroSafe 316 Products, Inc., USA • Recycfed 327 materials

Plast ic recyclate 312

3 27

MAP(Merchants 320 , of Australia 326 Products) Pty/Wharington International Pty, Australia • Recycfed content 327

MAP manufactures a range of mixed ABS/p olycarbonate recyclates, which are suitable for injectionor blow-moulding of furniture components.

Stokbord" and Centriboard Stokbord' is a smoot h or embosse d low-density polyethylene (LOPE) sheet available in standard sheets in a thickness of 6, g, 12 and '4mm (between about '/5 and 1/2in). It is constituted from 40-50 per cent post-consumer waste and 50-60 per cent industrial/ commercial waste. Centriboard is available in th ree grades: L- a smooth LOPE sheet, r.ymrn to 18mm thick (about 1/ 20 to 7/lOin); H smooth HOPEsheet, zrnm to 6mm thick (about 1/12 to 1/4in); and P - smooth polypropylene sheet, zrnrn to 6mm thick.

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Centriforce, UK

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• Recycfed 327, materials 330, • Reduction in 340 embodied energy (comparedwith virgin plostics) • Encouraging conservationof timberresources

314

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Tetrapak, UK • Recycfed materials

32 5 327

Unicor Unicor panel comprises go per cent-recycled wood fibres and particles sandwiched between surface layers of polyethylene. It is used in coach building in the recreational vehicle indust ry.

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Unicor 325 Corporation, USA • Recycfedcontent 327

Wood-Com

Plastic board

Epoch

Plastic profiles

Wood-Com is a mixture of recycled plastic and waste wood particles and dust. It is easily moulded into panels suitable for interior design and auto motive fittings .

Recycled HOPE is used to manufacture new plastic boards suitable for a wide variety of applications.

Commingled, recycled HOPE plastics are extruded to form rectangular, squa re or plank sections suitable for a multiplicityof uses in street and garden furniture.

Avariety of round and square profiles and sta kes are made from recycled plastics.

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NorthWood 32 1 Pfastics,Inc., USA • Renewable and 32 ] recycled materials

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Yemm", Hart, 326 USA • Recycledcontent 32]

Environmental 316 PolymerProducts Ltd, UK • Recycled content 32]

CabkaPlast KunststoJJVerarbeitungsGmbH, Germany • Recycled materials

313

Govaplast"

Ourawood is a high-density material available in a range of rectangular profiles, which is made ent irelyfrom recycled plastics. It is especially suited to the manufacture of street and outdoor furniture. Save Wood 323 Products Ltd,UK • Recycled content 32 ]

Hahn Kunststoffe 31] GmbH, Germany • Recycledcontent 32 ]

Plastic planks, profi les, stakes

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A range of square, round, rectangular and tongue and-groove profiles is produced using recycled polyethylene and polypropylene plastics. A range of colours includes charcoal grey, grey-green and mid-brown. The T & G is used in everything from fabrication of equestrian buildings to outdoor planters.

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Durawood

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Plastic lumber in the form of planks, profiles and stakes is manufactured from recycled plastics for indoor and outdoor use.

Stakes and posts are made from post-consumer and production waste.

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Commingled, recycled plastics are extruded into sheets suitable for a widerange of uses from packaging to surface laminates and for general product-design applications.

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Recycled plastic

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Frostex

Yemm", Hart, 326 USA • Recycledcontent 32]

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GOl/aerts Recycling NV, Belgium • Recycledand recyclable content

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Henne Kunststoffe 318 GmbH, Germany • Recycled content 32 ]

Holloplas To date Centriforce has supplied more tha n ' 50 ,0 0 0 tonnes of recycled finished products to construction, industrial, agricultural and recreational markets in over thirty countries. It offers an extensive range of hollow extruded profiles

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us ing a blend of recycled plastic from was te from reta il distributio n (40-50 pe r cent) a nd ind ustr ial/commercial waste including film, pipe and packaging (5060 per cent) . Sta ndard sections are suita ble for decking, T & G flooring , fencing , railings and street furn iture .

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Centrif o"e, UK

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• Recycled 32 ] , materials 330 , • Reduction in 340 embodied energy (comparedwith virgin plastics) • Encouraging conservationof timberresources

Plastic profiles

Pa rtek manufacture profiles an d decking made from recycled plastics.

Pla nks, stakes and squa re profiles are ma de from recycled plastics.

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Partek Insulations, 32 2 lnc., USA • Recycledcontent 327

Round an d square profiles are manufactured from recycled pla stics.

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PlanexGmbH, 32 2 Germany • Recycledcontent 32 ]

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Plasticsheeting, tubing and profiles This company makes a range of sheeting fo r construction and other uses, tu bing and round profiles from recycled plastics.

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MGSLGmbH, 320 Germany • Recycled content 32 ]

Pofy-BeekKunststaffHande/s-GmbH, Germany • Recycled materials

32 2

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Ro und profiles and stakes are manufactu red from recycled plast ics.

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PURUS 322 KunststojJWerke GmbH, Germany • Recycled content 32 ]

Recydur" Square profiles and sta kes a re mad e ent irely from recycled plasti cs.

e Plaswood Recla ime d polythene an d polypro pylene - 30 per cent waste from supermarkets and 70 per cent production factory waste - are reblended into extrude d profiles suita ble for uses requ iring tough , rot-free ma terials .

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Dumfries Plastics Recycling • Recycled matetiat: • Reductionin embodiedenergy (compared with virgin plastics) • Encouraging conservation of timberresources

3 '5 32 ] , 330 , 34°

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Transform Plastics 325 Ltd, UK '.Recycled content 32 7

Plasticstakes

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A ra nge of profiles is ma nufactured from recycled plastics. JosefMeeth 318 Fensterfabrik GmbH CJ( Ca. KG, Germany • Recycledcontent 32 ]

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Plastic profiles

Plastic profiles

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Partek

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Profiles an d st akes in a variety of roun d and squa re s ha pes are man ufact ured from recycled plastics.

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WKRAltkunst326 stoffproduktionsu. VertriebsgesellschaftmbH, Germany • Recycled content 32]

LSRGmbH 32 0 RecyclingZentrum, Germany • Recycledcontent 327

Plastic profiles and stakes Pla nks, square profi les and stakes are fabricated from recycled plastics .

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Re-Reluma 323 GmbH, Germany • Recycledcontent 32 ]

Plastic profiles Con su mer was te is the prima ry co nst ituen t of a ran ge of plastic profiles su itable for furniture.

Plastic lumber Commi ngled , recycled plastics are extr ude d into a variety of recta ngu lar sec tions, mak ing an alterna tive ma te rial for trad itional uses s uch as de cking a nd outdo or furnit ure .

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Yemm ei Hart, 326 USA • Recycledcontent 32]

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Environ mental sto ne

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Various

Floor tiles, wall panelling and paving stones are fabricated from 10 0 per cent-recycl ed glass.

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• Very durableand 328, inert 329 • Potentialenergy savings in the usagephaseofa product

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Enviranmental

Stone Products, USA • Recyded materials

316

Ecoplast 327

Faswall WastewOod dust and particles a re combined with concrete to create highdensitypa nels, tiles and ready-mad e wallsections .

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insulhoiz-Beton 3'8, 319 Intern ational, inc.]K-X Industries, Inc., USA • Recyded content 327

High-pe rformance ceramics Advances in ceramics technology have enabled f ne-tolerance rnanufacturing of everyth ing from parts for car engines to superconductors and fibres for reinforcement. Alumina, titanium, carbide and rare earth minerals such as zirconia bond with the clay particles to form very tough composites. The composites can be formed by slip casting, sintering and even a form of injection-moulding, so they can be applied to diverse manufacturing ends. Some Ceramic composites are lightweight and so offerpotentiai savings in energy consumption when applied to power units and/or mobility or transport products.

Europol manufactures a range of recycled plastics entirely from material discarded by consumers to create injection-moulding grades of HDPE, LDPE, PP, HIPS and ABS and a blowmoulding grade of HDPE.

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Europol, UK

316

• Recycledcontent 327

FirstGl ow These glass beads shed a luminous glow after the illuminating light source has been switched off. Road markings and lighting systems are suitable applications of this new materials technology.

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foamed aluminium, varying in density from high to ultralow, which are suitable for applications where weightsaving is critical to a product's performance. The final group, metal matrix composite s, includes substances such as alumina (fibre- or particulate-reinforced), boron, carbon, iron or silicon carbide bonded in a matrix of aluminium or magnesium. All these lightweight metals are high-embodied-energy materials but can potentially significantly improve energy efficiency in the usage phase of a product by reducing the amount of mass that has to be moved.

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• Strong, 328 , lightweight, 329 tough • Potentialenergy savingsinthe usagephaseofa product

Product 2 0 0 0 Ltd, 322 UK • Energy-efficient 329 lighting material

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Safeglass

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Safeglass 323 (Europe) Ltd, UK • Improved health 328 and saf ery

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Syndecrete" Syndecrete" is a chemically inert, zero out-gasing, concrete-like material composed of cement and up to 41 per cent recycled or recovered materials from industrial or consume r waste, Typical wastes include HDPE, crushed recycled glass, wood chips and brass screw shavings. Pulverized fly ash (PFA), a waste residue from coalfired power stations , is added to reduce the cement requirement by up to '5 per cent and recovered polypropylene fibre scrap provides a 3-D matrix to increase the tens ile strength of this com posite recyclate concrete. It is eas ily worked and polished to create a contem poraryterrazzo look,

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This special glass breaks into harmless pieces when shattered, making it ideally suited to any application where there is a risk of impact.

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Lightweight metals metal matrix com posites, metal foams , lightalloys With advances in technology it is now possible to produce very lightweight but strong metals. The first group, light alloys, such as aluminium, magnesium, titanium and berylli um, are well known and availablein a diverse selection of profiles, sheets and cast forms. The second group, metal foams, are specialist

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Syndesis,lnc., 32 4 USA • Recycled 327, materialsusage 34° • Reductionin embodied energy ofmanufacture .Certifiedasa recycledproduct bythe Californians Against Waste Foundation

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Polymers

Agro Plastic

Biopol' "

Correx

NHoOl

Agro Plastic is polypropylene or polyethylene manufactured using a filler derived from wheat straw. It was jointly developed by PTI and the USDA Forest Products Laboratory.

The polymer structure of Bio pol' " breaks down when exposed to ultraviolet light. The actual mate rial is PHBV, which is not a biodegradable polymer since it is not compostable by biological agents and when it degrades remains as fine particles.

This lightweight twinwalled PP sheet is made from 10 0 per cent production and customers' returned waste. It is utilized for packaging, self-assemblysto rage systems and tree shelters.

NHoOl fabric has similar performance characteristics to PVC (polyvinyl chloride) but the re are no emission s of chlorides, phthalates or other toxic compounds during the manufacture or use of NHoOl. For this reason it replaced PVC as the roofing mate rial for the Millennium Dome , London.

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Pinnacle Technology,Inc. (PT/), USA • Renewable and biodegradable components

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ICI Americas, USA • Rapidphysical degradingaf materialat the endofitslife

318 330

Rubber granulate

Bionelle" Bionelle" polymer is physically degraded by the action of ultraviolet light and mechanical agents .

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Showa 324 HighpolymerCo., Japan • Degradable 327

This company manufactures rubber granulate, o.yrnrnto 30mm (0.0 2 to o.i in) diameter particles, from 100 per cent-reclaimed scrap tyres. The granulate can be bonded with virgin natural or synthetic rubber and elastomers and is ideal for play su rfaces or other uses to reduce impact damage .

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Charles Lawrence 314 Recycling Ltd, UK • Recycled 327 materials

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Correx Plastics, UK • Recycled materials

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EcoClear" EcoClear"' is a resin and film made from recycled PET, which is suitable for beverage and food packaging.

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Wellman inc., 326 USA • Recycled content 327

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Carrington Peiformance Fabrics, UK • Cleaner production

314

327

Plastic sheeting This sheeting is manufactu red from recycled plastics and is a suitable grade for construction use.

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ORBITAFilm 32 1 GmbH, Germany • Recycledcontent 327

Polymers Biosynthetic polymers

Santoprene® Santoprenee is cross-linked polypropylene (PP) and ethylene-polypropylenediene-monomer (EPD M) rubberwith a soft, yielding texturesuitable for moulding components for hand-held equipment. Its inherent qualities improve usability in items ranging fromcameras to ski sticks but its specialist nature means disassembly of Santoprene" parts is essential to prevent contamination of puregradewaste streams .

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Advanced 3' 2 Elastomer Systems LP., USA • Improveduser 329 comfort

Styradex, Propadex Syradex is made from recycled polystyrene (PS); Propadex uses recycled polypropylene (PP). Most materials are sourced from production waste (98 per cent) and small quanities from post-consu mer waste (2 per cent).

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Styradex Plastics 324 Recycling, UK • Recycled content 32 7

USSC manufactures a range of specialist polyurethane foams using soybean oil. Like synthetic PU, the USSC foams are suitable for everything from loose-fill packaging and furnishing to panels and shoe componen ts.

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Urethane Soy 325 SystemsCompany (USSC).USA • Renewable 32 7 content

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Paints

Biora Biora is a range of waterbased acrylicresins suitable for application to walls, ceilings and other interior surfaces. Qualifying for the EU eco-Iabel, these eight paints and varnishes offer a reduction in a variety of environmental impacts of conventional paints , especially VOCs and toxic ingredients. Teknos Tranemo are also certified to ISO 9001 and ISO 14°°1 and are working with the Swedish Paint Makers Organization to develop tools, such as Iifecycle analysis, to make further improvements .

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Teknos Tronemo, 32 5 Sweden • Cleaner 327 , production 339 • EUeco-label ensuringlow toxicity of constituents

Ecos This comp any claims to manufacture the only solvent-free odo urless

paints and varnishes in the world, with zero VOC content, independently tested bythe US EPA and the Swedish National Testing & Research Institute. The Ecos range is, however, based upon synthetic resins, albeit non-allergenic, harmless resins, processed from crude oil, so it is not from a renewable source .

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Lakeland Paints, UK • Free of VOCs and vinyl chloride

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Nordsjo (Akzo NobeIOekorativ), Sweden • EUeco-label ensuringlow VOCsand generalreduction in toxicity • Manufactured with clean technology/ eco-efficiency practices

321

328, 339, 341

319 34 1

Keim paints

Inneta k and Bind op last At the paint man ufactu ring plant at Malmo, Sweden, Akzo Nobel produce over 30 million litres (6.6 million gallons) of decorat ive coatings and 16 million Iitres (3.5 million gallons) of industrial coatings. Since '995 the com pany has set itself a series of environmental ta rgets, such as red ucing the emissions of so lvents to the air by 50 per cent between 19 95 and 19 99 and reducing the tota l energy consum ption per litre of paint manu factured by 5 per cent between 19 95 and 2000 . Innetak and Bindoplast are decorative, water-based emul sion paints, which were the first brand in Europe to receive the EU eco-Iabel.

Allthe paints manufactu red by Keim use inorganic mate rials that are abu ndant in the geos phere, including potassium silicate binders, mineral fillers and earth oxide colour pigments. Granita l is an exte rior paint with a range of 350 colours suitable for all mineral substrates, Concreta l protects concrete against corrosion and Biosil is a water-borne, silicate-based paint suitable for interior applications. Ecosil is a recently introduced interior-quality paint, which is water-based, contai ns no chemical solvents and is VOC-free. Keim are certified to ISO '4001 and ISO 90 01.

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KeirnMineral 319 Paints Ltd, UK • Use ofabundant 32 7 inorganic materials • Non-toxic

Pinturas Proa A range of wate r-borne, vinyl polymer inte rior paints cont aining less than 45 per cent volatiles is certified with an EU eco-Iabel. The company is also registe red with the Spanish eco-Iabel certification authority, AENOR, and participates in the Punto Verde (Green Dot) packaging disposa l scheme.

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Pinturas Proa, Spain • EUeco-lobel • Reductionin volatiles • Recycled and recyclable packaging

322 327, 328, 339, 341

Miscellaneous ChapcO®Safe-Set The adhesives in this professional range are low in VOCs, non-flammable, non-toxic and antimicrobial and contain no hazardous ingredients as defined bythe Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Regulations . All products are packaged in recycled plastic containers with printed labels on recycled paper including OSHA data on safety.

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Chicago Adhesive 314 Product' Compony, USA • Non-toxic and 327, sofe 328 • Recycled pockaging materials

DasicAerostrip 323 Thiswater-based paint stripper was developed specifically for the aeronautics industry but is suitable for removal of paint from metals and metal alloys.

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Dosie 315 International Ltd, UK • Reduction in 32 9. emissionsof 341 VOC, • Improved health ond,afety

Home Strip Powerful solvents, usually methylene chloride (dichloromethane or OCM), are used in conventional paint st rippers. OCM is a skin irritant and is highly volatile, the fumes inducing narcotic effects , and it has recently been classified as a Category3 carcinogen by the EU. Home Strip is OCM - and solvent-free, is water-based and doesn't give off fumes, yet is just as effective at removing layers of paint or varnish.

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Eco Solution,. UK 315

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• Reductionof toxicityand emissions

327

Laybond Qu ickstick Green This synthetic rubber/res in emulsion is a gene ralpurpose contact adhes ive suitable for wall or floor coverings and other applications where a bond is required to aluminium, concrete, plaster, steel and timber. Quickstick Green is water-based, nonflammable and is much safer to handle than solvent-based adhesives with VOCs.

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Laybond Product, 319 Ltd, UK • Non-toxic 327

Textiles Brass Cloth Wove n text iles com bining meta ls a nd nat ural or synthetic yarns are te xturally and visually striking and offer the designe r new possibilities with s hapes and ta iloring . Brass Cloth , des igned by Re iko Sudo , Japa n, is part of the Metal series manufactured by Nuno and consists of 40 per cent cotton and 60 per ce nt brass from recycled wire.

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NunoCorporation, J21 Japan • Metal 32 ] component ;s recyclable

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' Phase Change' tec hno logy is use d in space applications to control temperatures. Microcapsules woven into fabrics moderate temperatures by changing from so lids to liquid s. As they convert from solids to liquids they absorb bod y heat and , conversely, when they solid ity they release heat , which is reabsorbed by the body. ComforTemp fabric is pleasantly tactile , comfortable to wear and illustrates poss ible de velopments in textiles that can respond intelligently to their sur roundings.

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Eiectrotextiles Ltd, 315 UK • Dualfunction 329 material

Stomatex

Otterskin Eco'Spu n'" Wellman is one of the world 's leading man ufact ures of yarn an d textiles using PET fro m recycled drinks bott les. Wellman supply the furnishing and clothing industries, including Patagonia, the outdoor clothing com pany. Ecos pun" is a spec ialist fibre made usin g recycled plastics.

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SchollerTextil, 323 Switzerland • Potentialhealth 329 andsafety improvements

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Wellman,lnc., 326 USA • Recycledcontent 32]

This 100 per cent-polyester, non -woven , needlepunched fabric is made from recycled PET bottles. A surface coati ng of polyureth an e prov ides wind- and water-proofing, yet t he material is breathable and retains body heat. NunoCorporation, 32 1 Japan 32 ] ,~ • Recycled materials

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(» Play ItAgain Sam DesignTex is a lead ing man ufact urer of fu rnis hing fabrics . Play It Again Sam is a polyester fabric ma de entirely of fibres from recycled PET bottles .

(» ~ ElexTex™ Cond uctive fibres are wove n with traditional , natu ral yarns to create a flexible textile su itable for a variety of applications such as electronic clothing, roll-up keyboa rds and so on .

Stomatex is a breat hab le fabric ma de of a com binatio n of neo prene an d polyeth ylen e, which mim ics tra nsp iration, the process of evaporation of moisture from leaves. Pe rs piration vapou r generated by the activity of the wearer is co llected in sma ll dep ressions on th e ins ide of th e fabric. At eac h depress ion a tiny pore provides an exit fo r the vapour to the externa l environment. Stomatex is act ivate d only when sufficie nt bod y perspi ration is ge nerated, so this is a res ponsive, 'smart' textile.

DesignTex, Inc., USA • Recycled materials

315 32 ]

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Micro Thermal Systems, UK • Improved personal health withbreathable fabric

320 329

Textiles Trevira NSKjTrevira CS

Velcro"

This is a fabric made from two types of polyester yarn, Trevira NSK, which gives strength , and Trevira (S , which acts as a flame retardant. Being 100 per cent polyeste r, it can be reworked by pleating, dyeing and printing but has the in-built advantage of not requiring a flame-proof coating. It is entirely recyclable.

Velcro" is a combination of two nylon fabrics, one woven with a surface of hooks and the other with a smooth surface with loops. When juxtaposed the two fabrics adhere as the hooks take up in the loops, creating a strong 'adhes ive' bond.

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Terratex Made entirely of recycled pET recycled plastic bottles, Terratex is a tough, versatile, recyclable fabric forfurnishing and similar applications.

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Inteiface Fabrics International, UK/USA • Recycled and recyclable materials

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TreviraGmbH '" 325 Co. KG, Germany

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327

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• Recyclable • Cleaner technalaIN iFDesignAward,

327

332

2000

Tyvek Therrna-Po re, T her rn a-

Float, Therma-Foil This company produces a range of specialist breathable fabrics suitable for sports applications and survival in extreme conditions. TherrnaPoreis a breathable fabric , Therma-Flo at a 'high-buoyancy insulating materialand Therma-Foil a lightweight foam insulator bonded to foil.

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Therma·Flaat Ltd, 325 UK • Improved health 32 9 andsafety

With its durability and high chemical resistance, Tyvek was originally developed by DuPont for protective clothing but has since been used for haute-couture fashion and as a paper substit ute for envelopes, stationery and various printed media. Tyvek is fully recyclable.

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DuPont, USA

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Velcro, USA

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• Temporary 330 bonding system allowingreuse of textiles

325

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Designers, Designer-makers .j>.

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Abbate Cinzia for t he Italian Ener gy Au th o rity: O fficin e d i Arch itettura d i Cinz ia Abb ate Piazz a S. Anastasia 3 00186 Rome , Italy T +39 (0)66796498 F +39 (0)6 69783038 E [email protected]

Ac kon , Gabriele see David Zyne Prod uct ions, U K Ad Rem Design Indust riest rasse 25 CH3076 Wo rb , Switzerland T +4' (0)31 83207 10 F +4' (0)3' 83207 14 AeroVironment Corp or ate HQ 825 S. M yrtl e D r. Monrovia . CA 91016, USA T +1 626 3579983 F +1 6263599628 www.aerovironment.com

Ake ler Developments pic 20 Berkeley Squ are Londo n WI X 5HD, UK T +44 (0)20 7864 1800 F +44 (0)20 78641801 / 2 www.akeler.co.uk Alaska Center for Appropriate Technology 851 E. We st Point Drive # 206 Wasilla . AK 9965 4 , U SA Amato , John ; Me t a MorfDes ign 270 0 4 th Avenu e South Seattl e, WA 98134. USA T +12069036332 F +1 2062230853 E [email protected]

And ringa,Jacqueline Desig n Academ y Eindhoven

Emmastngel iz PO Box 2125 5600 CC Eindhoven N etherland s T +3' (0)402393939 F +3' (0)4023939 40 E [email protected] www.designacademy.nl

Anthologie Quartett 49152 Bad Essen, Germany T +49 (0)5472 94090 F +49 (0)5472 940940 www.anthologiequartett.de

Apotheloz, Christophe Industrial Designer

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Lb rgern st rasse 27 CH8037 Zu rich. Switze rlan d T +4' (0)13615147 F +41 (0)1361 5197 Arai, Junichi see N un o Corp orat ion Aros io , Pietro Stud io Piet ro Ar o sio Via Gaetano Giardino 2/A 20053 Mu gg io (M I) Italy T +39 (0)39793237 F +39 (0)39 278 1088 E [email protected]

Arzuaga, Amaya Irun Km 2025 °934° Lerm a Bur go s M adrid, Spain

E [email protected] www.amayaarzuaga.com Atfield, Jane 244 Gr ays Inn Ro ad London WC1X81R, UK T +44 (0)20 72786971 F +44 (0)2078330018 Azumi, Shin and Tomoko Grou nd Flo or 953 Finchl ey Road Lond on NW11 7PE. U K T +44 (0)20 87319057 F +44 (0)20 87317496 E [email protected] http:/ / member.nifty.ne·ip/ AZUMII Baccarne Des ign Baccarn e bvba Gentb ruggekouter 9050 Gent, Belgium T +32(0)9 232 44 21 F +32(0)923244 30 E bacca [email protected]

Bakker, Erik Design Academ y Eindhoven

Emmasmgel ia PO Box 2125 5600 CC Eindhoven N etherlands T +3' (0)402393939 F +3' (0)402393940 E [email protected] www.designacademy.nl

Bally, Boris Atelier Bo ris Bally Th e Rug Build ing 3421 Bigelow Blvd Pitt sbur gh, PA 15213 USA T +1412 682 811 8 F +1412682 7244 E [email protected] Ban , Shigeru 5-2-4 M atsub ara Ban Bld g

1FI, Seta gaya Tokyo ' 56, Japa n T +81 (0)333246760 F +81 (0)333246789 www.dnp.co·jp/ millennium/ sb/ van.html Bansod, Abh ijit Titan Indu strie s Ltd Tower A. Go lden Enclave Air port Ro ad Bangalore 560 017. Indi a T +9' 80526855' Bar + Knell 7 Untere Turmga sse 7420 6 Bad Wi m pen Germ any T +49 (0) 7063 6891 F +49 (0) 7063 6980 E [email protected]

www.baer-knell.de Barlow-Lawson, Stephen Grou nd Sup po rt Eq uip m ent (US) Ltd 11 Broadway, Room 10 10 N ew York, NY 10004. USA T 888302·DESKI +1 212809 4323 F +12128094324 E steve@bi omorph.com

www.biomorphdesk.com Baroli, Luigi c/o Baleri Italia Via F. Cavallo tt i 8 20 122 M ilan , It aly T +39 (0)27601 46 72 F +39 (0)2760144 '9 E [email protected]

Bartsch Design Indus trial Design GbR Philipp-M uller-St rasse 12 239 66 Wisma r Germ any T +49 (0)3841 758160 F +49 (0)3841 758161 Bergne, Sebastian Bergne De sign fo r Manufactu re 2 Ing ate Place London sw8 3NS UK T +44 (0)20 76223333 F +44 (0)2076223336 E [email protected] Berk owitz, Adam c/o Ar bor Vi tae (see p. 312) www.time.comftimefreports/ environment/heroes/ gallery

Bernabei, Rina 52 Regent Stre et Paddington , NSW 202 1 Au st ralia

Bernard Kerr and Pejack Campbell c/ o Solar Cooke rs International 1919 zrst St, Suite 101 Sacram ento. CA95814 U SA T +19164554498 F +19164554498 E [email protected] www.solarcooking.org

Bernett, Jeffrey c/o Cap pell in i Arte/Capel lini SpA (see p. 314) Berthier, Marc Design Plan St ud io 141 Bd St M ichel 75° ° 5 Paris France T +33 (0)143 26 49 97 F +33 (0)143 26 5462 E dpstudio@wanadooJr

Besse, He dda see IDEO Product Develo p ment for BP Solar Inte rnational BEST Bur o fu r Produktgesta lt ung Am Brogel i c 422 83 W up pertal Germ any T +49 (0)202 88595 F +49 (0)202 899 355 Bey, Jurgen Passerelsstraat 44A '3 0 23 ZD Rotterda m 1 Netherlands T +3' (0)10 4258792 F +3' (0)104259437 E [email protected] Bill Dunster Arch itects Zed facto ry Hope H ou se Molember Road East Molesey Surre y KT8 9NH, U K T +44 (0)20 8339 1242 F +44 (0)2083390429 E [email protected] www.zedfaetory.com

BioRegi onal Development Gr ou p The Ecology Centre H oneywood Wa lk Carshalton Surr ey SM5 3NX, UK T +44 (0)20 8773 2322 F +44 (0)20 8773 2878 E [email protected] www.bioregional.com

Designers, Designer-makers Blanca, Oscar Tusquets c/o Escofet 1886 SA Ronda Universitat 20 E08007 Barcelona, Spain T +34 (0)93 3,8 5050 F +34 (0)934124465 E [email protected] [email protected] Blejer, Danilea, an.d Bostelmann, Saskia 148 Salvador Arditt i Sierra Chalchihie 175 IBlsA 50' Lomas de Cahpultepec c.P. 11 000 Mexico City. Mexico Boeri, Cini c/o Fiam Italia SpA Via Ancona l/B 61010 Tavullia, Pesoro, Italy T +39 (0)721 200 51 F +39 (0)721 202 432 E fiam @fiam italia.it www .flam italia.it

Boner, [org N2 Switzerland TtF +4' (0)616934015 E [email protected]

www.n2design.ch

Boontje, Tord tranSglass, Studio '9 33 Rushworth Street London SEl ORB, UK TtF +44(0)20726, 9315 Bredahl, PiI, and Risell, Liselott e Denmark [email protected] Bristow, Stuart c/o Designed to a ' t' Ltd 11 Maxwell Gds Orpington Ken t BR6 9QR, UK T +44 (0)1689 831400 F +44 (0)1689 609301 www.daat.demon.co.uk Breess, Alfons Design Academy Eindhoven Emmasingel1 4 PO Box 2125 5600 CC Eindhoven Netherlands T +31(0)40239 3939 F +3' (0)40 239 3940 E [email protected] wWW.designacademy.nl Brown, Julian Studio Brown 6 Princes Buildings George Street Bath BAl 2EO, UK T +44(0)1225 481735

F +44(0)1225 481737 E julian@ studiobrown.co m

Buchner Design Studio 1030 Quesada Avenue San Francisco, CA 94'24, USA Burkhardt , Roland c/o Sunways Gesellschaft fur Solartechnik mb H Macairestrasse 5 78467 Konstanz, Germany T +49(0)753' 99677 0 F +49(0)7531 99677 10 E [email protected]

www.sunways.de

Buro fur Form Hans-Sachs-Strasse 12 80469 M unich, Germany T +49 (0)8926949000 F +49 (0)89 2694 9002 E meekepburofurform.de www.burofurform.de Buro fur Praduktgestaltung Brendstrasse 83 75'79 pforzheim , Germany T +49 (0)7231 442 " 5 E f-neuberteps.direktnet.de Cahen, Antoine Les Ateliers du Nord/ Antoine Cahen PI. du Nord 2 CH 1005 Lausanne Switzerland T +4' (0)21 3205807 F +4' (0)213205843 [email protected] Campana, Fernando and Humberto Cam pana Objetos Ltda Rua Barao de Tatui 21 9 Sao Paulo 01226030 Brazil T +55 (0)11 8253408 +55 (0)11 36674317 F +55 (0)11 825 3408 Carrasco, Pedro Rua da Liberdade 37 10 Esq 2800 Cova da Piedade, Portugal Chadwick, Don, and Stumpf, Bill Herman Mille r, Inc. 855 East Main Ave PO Box 302 Zeeland, MI 49464-03°2, USA www.hermanmiller.com Chalayan, Hussain Studio B, 1st Floor 71 Endell Street London WC2H 9AI, UK F +44 (0)2072405220

Champi an, Brian c/o International Design Resource Awards (IDRA) Design Re source Institute 7406A Greenwood Avenue Seattle, WA 98177. USA T +1206289 0949 F +1 2067893144 www.designresource.org

Clerkin, Carl Domestic Hardware F1 2-4 Southgate Road London Nl 311. UK Tt F +44(0)20 7249202' Coates, Nigel Branson Coates Architecture 23 Old Street London Eel V 9HL, UK T +44 (0)2074900343 F +44 (0)2074900320 Colwell, David c/o Trannon Furniture Limited Chilhampton Farm Wilton, Salisbury Wilts SP2 OAB, UK T +44(0)17 22 744 577 F +44(0)1722744477 E info @trannon.com www.trannon.com

Connell, Christopher c/o MAP (Merchants of Australia Products) Pty Ltd 570 Chapel Street Sth Yarra, Melbourn e Victoria 3' 4' , Australia Constans ia, Conn ie

Design Academy Eindhoven Emmasingel ia PO Box 21 25 5600 CC Eindhoven Netherlands T +3' (0)402393939 F +3' (0)402393940 E [email protected] www.designacademy.nl Conti, Jean-Remi Design Academy Eindhoven

Emrnasingel ia PO Box2125 _ 5600 CC Eindhoven Netherlands T +3' (0)40239 3939 F +3' (0)40239 3940 E [email protected] www.designacademy.nl Corkran, Julius T, and Harp, Alan Center for Rehabilit ation Technology College of Architecture

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Golden Valley, M innesota c/o International Design Resource Awards (IDRA) Design Resource Institute 7406A Greenwood Avenue Seattle,WA 98177, USA T +1 206289 0949 F +' 2067893'44 www.designresource.org Culpepper, Michael M ichael Culpepper Architect 2216West Addison Street Chicago,IL 60618, USA da Silva, Ronalda Edson c/ o Papa-papel, Brazil De Denktank (Design Studio) Rotterd am Netherlands de Haas, Marit c/o Design Academy Eindhoven Ernmasingel ia PO Box 2125 5600 CC Eindhoven Netherlands T +3' (0)40 2393939 F +3' (0)40 239 3940 E [email protected] www.designacademy.nl

De Jonghe, Marc Orso Design Antwerp, Belgium www.orso.be de Klerk, Sander c/ o Design Academy Eindhoven Em masingel 14 PO Box 2125 5600 CC Eindhoven Netherlands T +3' (0)402393939 F +3' (0)402393940 E [email protected] www.designacademy.nl de Leede, Annelies Oak Product Design, Netherlands c/o International Design Resource Awards (IDRA) Design Reso urce Institute 7406A Greenwood Avenue Seattle, WA 98177. USA T +1 2062890949 F +12067893144 www.designresource.org

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Design Academy Eindhoven Ernrnasingel i a PO Box 21 25 5600 CC Eindhoven Netherlands T +3' (0)40 239 3939 F +3' (0)40 2393940 [email protected] www.designacademy.nl Designed to a 't' 11 Maxwell Gardens Orpington Kent 6R6 9QRUK T +44(0)1689831400 F +44(0)1689609301 www.daat.demon.co.uk

Designteam , Hameln c/o Vorwerk & Co. Teppichwerke Gmb H & Co. KG Kulhmanstrasse 11 31785 Hameln Germany T +49 (0)5'5' 103a F+49 (0)5 5 103377 ' ' www.vc rwerk-tepprch.de Deuber, Christ ian N2 Buro Breisacherstr. 64 CH 4057 Basel, Switzerland T +4' (0)61 693 4011 Ditzel, Nanna c/o Fredericia Furniture A/S Treldevej 183 7000 Fredericia, Denmark T +45 (olls 92 33 44 F+45 (0)75 9238 76 E [email protected] www.fredericia.com

Dixon, Robert c/o Advanced Vehicle Design L&M Business Park Norman Road Altri ncham, Cheshire WA14 4E5, UK T +44(0)161 9285575 F +44(0)161 9285585 E [email protected] www.windcheetah.co.uk

Dixon, Tom c/o Cappellin i Arte/Capellini SpA Via Marcon i 35 22060 Arosio, Italy T +39 (0)3' 759 111 F +39 (0)31 763322/763333 [email protected] www.cappellini.it

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Dolp hin-W ilding, Julienn e 34 Cecil Rhodes House Goldi ngton Street London NWI l UG, UK T +44(0)207380 0950 F +44(0)207252 1778 E [email protected]

www.julienne.demon.co.uk

Domus Academy Via Savona 97 20144 Milan Italy Doug an, Brian Dept of Indu str ial Design University of Southwest Louisiana Lafayette, Louisiana, USA c/ o International Design Resource Awards (IDRA) Design Resource Institut e 7406A Greenwood Avenue Seattle, WA 98177. USA T +I 206 289 0949 F +1206 789 31 44 www.designresource.org

Dougherty, Brian Celery Design Collaborative 23156 Prince Street Berkeley, CA 94715 USA T +1 5106497155 T +1510 8486716 E [email protected] www.celerydesign.com

Douglas-Miller, Edward c/o Remarkable Pencils Ltd World s End Studios ' 34 Lot s Road London SWlO OR) UK T +44(0)207351 4333 T +44(0)207352 4729 E [email protected]

Dranger , Jan Dranger Design AB Stor a Skuggans Vag 11 11 54 2 Stockholm Sweden T +46 (0)8153 929 F +46(0)8153 926 E [email protected]

Droog Design Keizersgracht 518 1017 EKAm sterdam Netherlands T 03' (0)206269809 F031 (0)20638 8828 Egbakkengixsaall.nl Dryden Research Center USA www.dfre.nasa.gcv

Dyson, James Dyson Appliances c/o 20 Shawfield Street London sw3460, UK T +44(0)20 78838244 www.dyson.com

E+Z Design at Retrospace 1824 Grand Blvd Kansas City, MO 64108, USA Ecke: Design Albrecht Ecke Am Neuen Markt 10 14467 Potsdam, Germ any T +49 (0)33' 2803885 F +49 (0)33' 2803890 E ecked [email protected]

www.eckedesign.de

EI Ultimo Grito Studio 8 23-28 Penn Street London Nl 50L, UK T +44(0)20 77391009 F+44(0)20 7739 2009 E grito@ btinternet.com

Enlund , Teo c/o Simplicitas Grevgatan 19 11452 Stockholm, Sweden T +46(0)8 66100 91 F +46 (0)866100 97 www.sirnplicitas.se

Erik Krogh Design Denmar k [email protected] Espmark, Erik c/o Royal Institute ofTechno logy (KTH) Nada 100 44 Stockholm Sweden www.nada.kth.se

Ettenheim Design (George Ettenheim) 41 Market Str eet Venice, CA 9029 1, USA Feilden Clegg Architects Bath Brewery Toll Bridge Road Bath 6Al 70E, UK T +44 (0)1225852 545 F+44 (0)1225852528 Feo, Roberto EI Ultimo Grito Studio 8 23-28 Penn Street London Nl 50L, UK T +44(0)2077391009 F+44(0)20 7739 2009 E [email protected]

Fleetwood , Roy Roy Fleetwood Ltd Offi ce for Design Strategy 1 St John's Innovation Park Cowley Road Cambri dge c64 4NS, UK T +44 (0)1223 240 074 [email protected] FortuneCook ies [jacob Jurgensen Ravn) Denmark E [email protected]

Foster and Partners Riverside Three 22 Hester Road London SW11 4AN, UK T +44(0)2077380455 www.fosterandparters.com

Fritsch, Antoin e c/o Hermes 28 Ruedu Faubourg St Hono re 75008 Paris, France T +33 (0)1 42 65 0337/ +33 (0)1 40 1747 I) FrogDesign Torstrasse 105-107 10119 Berlin Germany T +49 (0)3041 714a F +40 (0)3041714 36 www.frogdesign.com GAAN GmbH Sonneggstrasse 76 CH 8006 Zurich Switzerland T +4' (0)1 363 52 00 F +4' (0)136352aS [email protected] www.gaan.ch Gardere, Adrien Cardere Design 49 Rue au Mai re 75003 Paris France Gasser, Danny and Michael Hort, Ben Sheperd and Quisinh Tran c/o 5/60 c RaglanStreet Mo sman NSW 2088, Australia Gehry, Frank 0 , Frank o. Gehry & Associates Inc 1520-B Cloverfleld Bou levard Santa Mon ica, CA 90404 USA T +1 310 828 6088 F+1310 828 2098

Designers, Designer-makers Girand. Ann and Champian, Brian 730 East8th, #3 Moscow, 10 83843 , USA gmp_Architekten von Gerkan Marg und Partner Elbchaussee 139 22763 Hamburg, Germany T +49 (0)4 0 88 '5 0 ' F +49 (0)4 0 88 '5 177 ' E hamburg-e@gmp-

archltekten.de www.gmp·architekten.de

Grcic, Konstantin Konstantin Grcic Industrial Design Schillerstrasse 40/ 11 Rgb 80336 Munich, Germany Griffiths , Jason Higher Tideford Cornworthy Totnes, Devon TQ9 7Hl, UK T +44 (0)1803712 387 F +44 (0 )1803 712 388

GrOne, Ralf and Dallas Grove PaloAlto Products International 567 University Avenue Palo Alto, CA 943°1 USA T +1 650 327 9444 F +1 6503279446

Grunert, Pawel c/o Alicja Trusiewicz Via Bramante 22/L 06100 Perugia, Italy T/F +39 (0)75 572 6470 E alicjet@t in.it

Guixe, Marti Cala bria 252 8029 Barcelona, Spain T/F +34 (0)9 3 322 5986 E in([email protected] WWW.guixe.com

Haberli, Alfredo, and Marchand, Christophe c/o Danese sri/A lias sri Via dei Videttei 2 Grumello del Monte 24064 Bergamo, Italy T +39 (0)35 442 0 240 F +39 (0)35442 09 96

Hatton, Pamela 58 Hardel Walk London SW2 2QE, UK T +44 (0 )20 8674 9618

Hereford & Worcester County Council Technical Services Department County Hall Spetchley Road Worcester WR5 2NP, UK

T+44 (0)190 5 766 422

Hermann, Anette , Designer MOD Dampfae rgevej 27-305 OK2100 Copenhagen Denmark T/F +45 (0)355 5 " 64 E [email protected] www.plana.nu

Hertz, David SENSORY (design agency) Syndesis, Inc. 2908 Colorado Ave Santa Monica, CA 904033616, USA T +1 310 829 9932 F +1 3108295641 www.syndesisinc.com

Heufler, Prof. Gerhard Koroisistrasse 5 A80101Graz, Austria T +43 (0)316672258 F +43 (0)3166722584

Hofmann, Alfred (Denmark) c/o Fritz Hansen A/S Fritz-Hansen UK 20-22 RoseberyAvenue London ECI Rasx, UK T +44 (0) 20 7837 2030 F +44 (0)207837 2040 E [email protected]

www.fritzhansen.co.uk

Hoogendi jk, Martin c/ o Droog Design Keizersgracht 518 1017 EK Amsterdam Netherlands T +3' (0)20 62 69 809 F +3' (0) 80 63 88 828 E gbakker@XS4alLnl

Hooke Forest (Construct ion) Ltd Pam ham House Beaminster Dorset oT8 3NA, UK T +44 (0)1308862204 F +44 (0 )1308 863 49 4 E [email protected]

www.hookepark.com

Human Factors c/o Oxo International 230 Fifth Avenue, znd floor New York, NY10001, USA T +1 212 242 3333 F +1 212 242 3336

Hutasoit, Renaldi c/o Meta Morf, Inc. c/ o Colin Reedy 2700 ath Avenue South Seattle, WA 98134, USA T +1 2069036332

F +1 206 223 0853 E co lin@metamorfdesign. com

www.metamorfdesign.com H utten , Richard 52 Marconistraat 3029 AK Rotterdam Netherlands T +3' (0)10 477 0 665 F +31 (0)10 42 5 760 3 E reeel@pl anet. nl

IBM Personal Systems Group Design IBM Corporation 3039 Cornwallis Road Research Triangle Park NC 27709, USA T +1 919 254 8650 F +1 919 254 8385

E HDavid@u5,ibm.com www.ibm .co m

lchi , Yoshihiro Industrial Design Division M inolta, Japan www. m inolta.com

IDEO Japan 413 Axis Building 5-17-1 Roppongi Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan T +81 (0)355 70 266 4 F +81 (0)35570 2669 E kaoru@ideojapan_co.jp

IDEO Product Development 1033 University Place Chicago, Il 60201, USA T +1 847 570 4350 F +1 8475704351

IDEO Product Deveopment Pier 28 Annex The Embarcadero San Francisco, CA 94105, USA T +1 415 778 4700 F +1 415 778 4701 E jlevin@id eo.com

ijs designers 7 Edis Street London NWI 8lG, UK T +44 (0) 2079166708 F +44 (0)2079166709

Independence Technology a Johnson & Johnson Company, USA www.indetech.com Interform Design Am Wendervveh r 3 38114 Braunschweig Germany T +49 (0) 53' 2337810

www.interform-design.de Ito, Setsu/Studio '-T.O. Design Via Brioschi 54 20141 Milan, Italy

T/ F +39 (0)289546007 E setsuito@mic ronetit

Jacobs, Camille 100 Taman Nakhoda Villa delle Rose 257793 Singapore TIF +65 475 3581 E [email protected]

[email protected]

Jakobsen, Hans Sandgren Faergevej 3 OK8500 Grenaa Denmark T +45 (0)86 32 00 48 F +45 (0) 86 32 48 03

E mail@hans-sandgren. jakobsen.com www.hans-sandgre n-

jakobsen.com Jam Design & Communications Ltd 1 Goods Way, znd Floor London NWI l UR, UK T +44 (0 )2072783263 F +44 (0 )207278 5567 E [email protected]

Jerome, Mike c/o Philips Electronics NV Building HWO PO Box218 5600 M D Eindhoven Netherlands T +3' (0)40 275 906 6 F +3' (0)40 275 909'

E [email protected] www .philips.com

John Makepeace and others see Hooke Forest (Construction) Ltd, UK Jongerius, Hella Schietbaanlaan 75b 3021 LE Rotterdam Netherlands T +3' (0)10 477 0253 E jong erius lab@hotm ail .com

Jurinec, Ksenkja and Grupa Dizajnera Grupa Dizajnera BarunaTrenka 5 Zagreb, Croatia Kant, Judith c/o Design Academy Eindhoven Emmasingel ia PO Box 2125 5600 CC Eindhoven Netherlands T +3' (0)402393939 F +3' (0)40 2393940 E [email protected]

www.designacademy.nl

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Karpf, Peter Glen tevej 8 3210 Vej by, Denmark T +45 (0)48 70 6) 7) F +45 (0)48 70 6) 79

Korb & Korb Scho sslistrasse 36A CH540 8 Ennetbad en Switzerlan d T +4' (0) 56 2228120

Karl o no, Singh S Ar un a Arutal a P OBo x 187 Tem anggung 56200 Centr al Java, Indonesia

Kotkas, Aki H am ent ie '30 E 005 60 H elsinki, Finl and T +)5850 5879077 E [email protected]

Katayanagi , Tomu (Japan) c/ o Fiam Italia SpA Via Anc ona l/ B 61010 Tavull ia Pesoro , It aly T +) 9 (0)721 200 51 F +) 9 (0)721 2024)2

Kuc kuck , Henner Nana De sign 11- 55 45th Avenue Long Island City, NY111 01 USA

Macch ion i , Serg io/S MAC Via Tom bett o 40 37135 Veron a, Ita ly T/F +)9 (0)458200 279

Kwa kkel , Eric -Jan c/o REEEL 52 Marcon istrat 3029 AK Rott erd am Netherland s T +) 1 (0)10 9254612 F +) 1 (0)10 925760)

Ma ier-Aichen , Hansjerg Authentics artip resent Gmb H M ax Eyth St rasse 30 71088 H olzerlin gen Germ any T +49 (0)70)1 6805 a F +49 (0)70)1 68059 9 www.authentics.de

E fiam @fi am italia.it

www.fiamitalia.it KFN Kaufmann Produkt GmbH Sager str asse 4 A 6850 Dornbirn, A ust ria T +4) (0)5572 2628) F +4) (0)55722628)4 E [email protected] Kieboom , Nickie c/o Design Academ y Eind hoven Em m asingel 14 PO Box 2125 5600 CC Eind hoven N etherland s T +)1 (0)40 2)9 )9)9 F +)1 (0)40 2)9 )940 E [email protected]

www.designacademy.nl Kill aars, Rem ko c/o Design Academ y Eind hoven

Emrnasingel ia PO Box 2125 560 0 cc Eindh oven Net herland s T +)1 (0)40 2)9 )9)9 F +) 1 (0)402)9 )940 E [email protected] www.designacademy.nl Klug, Ubald 33 Rue Crou lebarbe 75013 Paris , France T +) ) (0)1 44)) 1) 882 F +)) (0)145)5)154 Konings, Jan c/ o D roo g Design Keizer sgracht 518 1017 EK Am sterd am N etherland s T +) 1 (0)20 626 9809 F +)1 (0)20 6)8 8828 E [email protected]

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Laing, Patrick ADA PT=R EACT 57 H olm esd ale Ro ad Lon don N6 5TH , UK T +44 (0)20 8)74 6665 F +44 (0)20 8245)15)

E patnck.adapt-reacteavrrgm.net Landmark Design Switzerland Glarnischstrasse 8 CH 86 40 Rappersw il Switzerland T +4' (0)55211 84 25 F +4' (0)55211 84 28 E [email protected] www.landmark.nl Les Ateliers Du Nord/Antoine Cahen PI. d u N ord 2 CH 1005 Lausann e Sw itze rl and T +4' (0)21 )2058 07 F +4' (0)21 )20 584) E [email protected]

Lewis, David (U K) c/ o Vestfrost A/S Spangsbjerg M el levej 100 Po st box 207 9 OX-6705 Esbjerg 0 , Denm ark T +45 (0)79 ' 4 22 22 F +45 (0)79 '4 2) 55 Looker, Philip c/ o Plasti cs fth Ind ustry Ltd The Stables Sandh olm e M ill Commercia l Str eet Todmorden Lancs 0114 5RH, UK T +44(0)1706817 784

F +44(0)1706 817 227 E [email protected] Lovegro ve, Ross Lovegrove Stud io X 21 Powis Me ws Lond on Wll l i N, U K T +44 (0)207 2297104 F +44 (0)20722970)2 E lovegro ves_rm r@ compuserve.com

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Marczynski, M ike Business Lines Ltd H arcou rt Street Wa lkden , Wor sley Manchester M28 3GN, UK T +44 (0)1204 576)) 4 E in fo@checkpoint -safety.com

www.checkpoint-safety.com Mar i, Enzo c/o Alessi SpA Via Privata Alessi 6 28882 Crusina llo (V B) , Italy T +)9 (0))2) 868 611 F +)9 (0))2) 866 1)2 E pub @a lessLit

Marinho, Reginaldo (Brazil) T +) 9 (olJJ8 124 6641

E [email protected] Marriott, Michael U nit F2, 2"4, Sout hgate Road London Nl 311 , UK T/ F +44 (0)20 792) 0)2) E m arriott .m ichael@ virgin.net

Marlin, Gu y Crow n Stu dios O ld Crow n Cott age Greenham, Crewkern e Som erset TA18 8QE, U K T +44 (0)1)08868122 McCrady, Paul AeroVir onm ent 825 S. M yrtle Dr ive Monrovia, CA 91016, USA T +1 626 )57 998) F +1626 )59 9628 www.aerovironment.com

M cDermott , Ruth 52 Regent Str eet Pad dington , NSW 20 21 Au stra lia McDonagh, Julie The In ner Tu be Ltd Un it Bl , The W ren Cent re Westbourn e Road Em swort h, H ampshire, U K T +44 (0)2)92 4)) 4)) McDonough Braungarl Des ign Chemistry, LLC 401 East M arket St, Suite 201 Charlottes vill e, VA22902, USA T +1804295111 F +1804 295 1500 E info@m bdc.com

www.mbdc.com Meller Marcovicz, Gioia 10 2 New ark Street Lond on El 2ES, UK T +44 (0)20 7247 1282 F +44 (0)20 7)752668 E gmm@m rac.demon.co.uk www.rr-rac.demon.co.ukj

designgmm Miles,) R c/o Reta il Place Ltd 34A Campd en H ill Gard ens London w8 7AZ, U K T +44 (0) 20 7727 0486 F +44 (0) 20 72217012 Miyashita, Shin c/ o Son y Cor porati on Design Cente r 6-7-35 Kitash inagawa Shin agawa-ku To kyo ' 41, Japan T +81 (a)) 5448 7758 F +81 (a)) 54487822 www.sony.co.jp and www.sony.co.uk Moerel, Marre 182 Hester Street N o. 13 New York, NY10013, USA T +12122198965 F +1 2129252371 E ma rremoerel@r cn.com

Moinat, Christophe Pre-du-M arche 23 CH 1004 Lausan ne Sw itzerl and

and 71 N or t hwold Road Lon don E5 8RN, UK T +44 (0)20 7502 0511 Mollsjo, Carina yxham m arsgatan 28 5° 33 1 Boras, Sweden T +46 (0) )) 10 27 25 E mollsjo@hotm ail.co m

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Sanders, Mark c/ o Roland Plastics Strida Limited Wickham Market Woodbridge Suffolk 1P13 ooz, UK T +44(0)'728747777 F +44(0)1728 748 222 E strida@rol andp lastics.co.uk

Sandham, John, and Lewis, Stan c/o Lew San Lim ited 3 Sutton Gardens Hornchurch Essex RM1 2 4LD, UK T +44(0)1708473842 F +44(0)1708 524 389 E strnate@dircon .co.uk

www .stairm ate.co.uk

Sant, Roy 67 Wilberforce Road London N4 2SP, UK TfF +44(0)207704 1592 Schneider, Wulf, Prof., and Partners Schellbergstrasse 62 70188Stuttgart, Germany Schreuder, Hans MaY Concept & Design Arnhem , Netherlands [email protected] Seiko Epson Corporation (japan) www.epson.co·jp/e/ Seymour Powell Limited The Chapel Archei Road London w14 90H, UK T +44(0)207381 6433 F +44(0)20 73819081 E [email protected]

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Shetka, Stanley All Paper Recycling, Inc. 10247 40th Street West Webster, MN55088, USA Shiotani, Yasushi c/o Canon, Inc. Design Centre nO-2 Shimomaruko Ota-ku, Tokyo 146-8501 Japan T +81 (0)337582111 F +81 (0)3 5482 9711 [email protected] Shumacher, Sheri Tapas 426 N. Gay Street Auburn, Al 36830, USA Simmons , Roland PO Box 3396 Santa Rosa, CA 95402, USA Smart Design in codevelopment with Oxo International Oxo International 230 Fifth Avenue, and Floor New York, NY10001, USA T +1 21 2 242 3333 F +' 21 2 242 3336 E [email protected]

www.oxo.com

Smith , Janice University of Kansas Art and Design Building Room 300, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA Solar Century Holdings Ltd Unit 5, Sandycombe Centre 1-9 Sandycom be Road Richmond, Surrey, UK T +44(0)8707358100 F +44(0)870 735 8101 E jl @ solarcentury.co.uk

www.solarcentry.co.uk

Southampton Innovations Limited University of Southampt on H ighfield, Southamp ton Hampshire 50171B), UK T +44(0)23 8059 2035 F+44(0)2380593585 E info@sll·uk.com www.southam ptoninnovations .com

Stachowicz, Wojtek 241 6 54th Place SW #15 Seattle, WA 98116, USA Starck, Philippe Agence Philippe Starck 27 Rue Pierre Pol; 92130Issy-Ies-Moulineaux France

T +33 (0)14' 088282 F +33 (0)1 4' 089665 E starck@s tarckdesign.com

www. phthppe.starck.co m

Limited Chilhampton Farm Wilton , Salisbury Wilts SP2 OAB, UK T +44(0)1722744 577 F +44(0)'722 744 477

Stark, Herbert, Dr, Kopf AG Stutzenstrasse 6 72172 Sulz-Borgfelden Germany T +49 (0)745475285 [email protected] www.kopf-ag.de

Teams Design Hollwitzstrasse 1 73728 Esslingen, Germany

Startup , Jasper Startup Design, NO. 4 126A Albion Road London N16 9PA, UK T +44(0)2079231223

Teppich-Art-Team Untere Gasse 1 CH 7012 Ferlsberg Switzerland T +4' (0)8' 252 8689

E jaspe r@sta rtup design.co.uk

Staton, John M Anderson Design Associates, Inc. 175 New Britain Ave Plainville, CT 06062, USA Steinberg, Erez, and Giasullo, Gia Studio eg 2431 Peralta Street Suite 2437A Oakland, CA 94607, USA Steinmann, Peter, and Schmid, Herbert c/o Atelier Alinea AG Zahringerstrasse 14 CH 4007 Basel Switzerland T +4' (0)61 6909797 F +4' (0)61 6909790 Stichting Art Depot Frans Halsstraat 3 5062 LJOisterwijk Netherlands Sugasawa, Mitsumasa (J apan) Esugaeatendo-mckko.coIp Suppanen, IIkka Studio IIkkaSuppanen Punavuorenkatu 1 A7 b 00120 Helsinki, Finland T +358 9622 78737 F +358 9622 3093 [email protected] Sylvania Design Team Sylvania Lightin g International 20 Route de Pre-Bois 1215 Geneva 15 Switzerland T +4' (0)22]170895 www.sylvanta.com Tam, Roy c/ o Trannon Furniture

E info@trannon .com www.trannon.com

Thomas, Deborah 323(B) Grove Green Road Leytonstone London Ell 4EB , UK Thorp , lan, and Morris , Steve c/o Slough Rubber Company, UK T +44(0)1753570 438 Thorpe, Clarkson, and Beukema, Steve c/o Haworth, Inc. One Haworth Center Holland, MI 49423, USA T +16, 63933000 www .haworth.co m

Thun, Matteo c/ o Domus Academy Via Savona 97 20144 M ilan, Italy Tilder , Henk c/o Mu nicipality of Almere, Flevoland, Netherlands Titan Design Studio see Bansod, Abhijit Tolstrup , Nina 47 Warwick Mount Mon tague Street Brighton, East Sussex BN2 11Y, UK TfF +44 (0)1273 570 '79 E tolstru p@st udiom am a.com

www .stud torna ma.co m

Topen, Paul c/o Designed to a 'I' Ltd 11 Maxwell Gds, Orpington Kent BR6 90R, UK T +44(0)1689 831400 F +44 (0)1689 609301 www. daat.demo n.co.uk

Trachsel, Sonja Av. de [ur igoz 2 CH 1006 Lausanne Switzerland T +4' (0)2'6013894

Designers, Designer-makers Trubridg e, Davi d 44 M argaret Avenue Havelock North New Zealand Tt F +64 (0)6 87746 84 E trubridge@d ear.net.nz

http:/t home.clear.nel.nzt pages. trubridge Un ivers ity of Ein dho ven (Buil ding In it iat ive Environmental Stand ards) c/o Design Acade m y Eind hoven Em m asingel 14 PO Box 2125 5600 CC Eindhoven Net herl and s T +Jl (0)40 2J9 J9J9 F +J1 (0)40 2J9 J940 E info@designacade my.nl

www.designacademy.nl University of Technology Delft j affalaan 9 2628 BX Delft, N etherland s van de Voorde, Patric k c/ o Philip s Lighting BV Haarm anweg 25 4538 AN Tem euzen Neth erland s T +3' (0)115684 J18 F+3' (0)115684448 E [email protected]

van Maanen, Martijn c/o Design Academ y Eindhoven

Ernmasingel ta PO Box 2125 5600 CC Eindhoven Netherland s T +3' (0)40 2J9 J9J9 F +3' (0)40 2J9J940 E [email protected]

www.designacademy.nl

van Severen, Martin Galgenberg 25 9000 Gent. Belgium T +J1 (0)292 3J89 99 VarioPac D isc Systems GmbH

T +1 2062890949 F +1 206789 J144 www.designresource.org

Veloland Schweiz St iftu ng Veloland Schweiz Po stfach 8275 CH3°01 Bern, Switzerland T +4' (O)Jl J0747 40 E [email protected]

www.veloland.ch Velthuizen , A J Eur op ean Design Centre PO Box 6279 560 0 HG Eind hoven N et herland s T +J1 (0) 408484848 F +Jl (O) 408484844 E [email protected] Vi nk, Frits, Ing Euseb iu sbuitensinge l 37 6828 NX Arnhem Netherl and s Tt F +Jl (0)261684 20 E [email protected]

VK & C Part nersh i p (Ian Card n uff and Hamid von Koten) 2/2 248 Woodl and s Road Gla sgow G3 6ND, U K Tt F +44 (0)141 JJ22049 Vo gelzang , Ma rije c/ o Design Academ y Ein dh oven

Emmasingel ia PO Box 2125 5600 CC Eindh oven N etherl and s T +31(0)402J9J9J9 F +J1 (0)40 2J9J940 E [email protected] www.designacademy.nl

Vuarnesson , Bernard Sculp tures-jeux 18 Rue Dom at

75005 Paris France T +J3 (0)14J 5420 J9 F +JJ (0)14J 548J J2 E [email protected]

Hangbaum st rasse '3 32257 Bunde, Germ any T +49 (0)5221 7684 17 F+49 (0)52217684 20

Walpole , Lois 100 Fairh ur st Ro ad Londo n E3 4EH, UK TtF +44 (0)20 7515 6014

WWw.variopac,com

Wan d ers , Marcel Van Diemen stra at 29 6 1013 CR Am sterd am Netherland s T +J1 (0)20422 1JJ9 F +Jl (0)2042275 19

Varney, James c/o Intern ational Design ~esource Awards (I DRA) eSlgn Resource Instit ute 7406A Greenwood Avenue Seatt le, WA 98 177. USA

Wannet, Edwin c/o Design Academ y Eindhoven Em m asingel 14 PO Box 2125 5600 CC Eindhoven Ne the rland s T +Jl (0)40 2J9J939 F +Jl (0)40 2J9 3940 E [email protected]

www.designacademy.nl Warren , William ww.modcons U n its ab + 2C Vanguard Court 36 Peckham Road London SE5 8QT. U K TtF +44 (0)2077084154 WeL L Desig n Ass ociates Hu is ter H eidewe g 56 3705 LZ Zeist N etherland s T +3' (0)306925544 E [email protected] www.welldesign.nl

Wettstein , Robert A Stru ct ur e Design Josefstra sse 188 CH8005 Zur ich, Switzerl and T +4' (0)1272 9725 F +4' (0)1 2720717 E robe rt.wettstetntp gmx.ch www.change.tojcomfort Wie ga nd, Lore nz Po ol Produ cts Metzerstr asse 19 1040 5 Berlin , Ge rm any T +49 (o)Jo 440 555 16 E POOL-products@l·online.de W iesendan ger , Kiibi Avant de Dormir Via Turat o 3 20121 M ilan, Italy T +J90 (0)2 6599990 F +J90 (0)2 657 1058 E marina wiesendanger [email protected]

Will at , Boyd see Willa! Wr it ing Instrument s

NE6 5TD, U K TtF +44 (0)'9' 224 J850

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Wurz, Gerard Tesch niergasse 17 A 1170 Vienna, Austria T +4J (0)40721 25

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Yamanaka, Kazuhiro 27 Bu rn ley Ro ad Lo ndon NWlO lEE, UK T +44 (0)20 8452 J0l8

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Yurkievich, Gaspard (Paris) c/o Tencel Acordis Fibr es (Holdin gs) Ltd , U K www .acordis.com

www.tencel.com

Zanussi Ind ustrial Design Cent re (Italy) Elect ro lux Zanu ssi c/o AB Elect rolux Elect ro lux Group Environmen tal Affa ir s 10545 Stockholm Sweden T +46 (0)87387666 F +46 (0)8 7J8 05 98 E environmental.affairs

@electrolux.se

Z bryk , Burges c/ o Intern at ional Desi gn Resource Awards (t DRA) Design Resour ce Inst it ut e 740 6A Green wood Avenu e Seatt le. WA 98177. USA T +1 2062890949 F +1206789 J144 www. designresource.org

Z ill ig, Michel c/o De sign Academ y Eind hoven

Emmasingel ia PO Box 2125 5600 CC Eindh oven Ne therl and s T +Jl (0)40 2J9J9J9 F +Jl (0)40 2J9 J940 E [email protected]

www.designacademy.nl

William son, Da mia n Biorneborgsvagen ' 3 12263 Enskede Stockholm, Sweden T +44 (0)20 88744046 (UK) T +46 (0)86 49 11 J1 (Stockholm) Wilson, Neil 180 Sackvil le Road Heat on Newcast le-upon-Tyne

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zprn Limited 2 Shelford Place Lond on N16 9HS UK T +44 (0)2079230222 F +44 (0)2079232467 www.2pm.co.uk

3M DeutschlandGmbH Carl-Schurz-Str asse 1 4'453 Neuss Germany T +49 (0)2131 14 3461 F +49 (0)2131 143695 E DSTRUWE@ mmm.com

ABG Ltd Unit E7, Meltham Mil ls Rd Mel tham West Yorkshi re HD7 3AR UK T +44 (0)1484852096

Acadia Board Company 518 Iberia Parkway New Iberia, LA 70563 USA T +13183678542 E [email protected]

Acord is Speciality FibresjAcord is Fibres (Holdings) Ltd (UK) www.acordis.com www.specialityfibres.com www.tencel.com

Advanced Elastomer Systems L P 388 S. Main St Akron , OH 44311 USA T +1800 3058070 F +1330 849 5599 E cont act@ aestpe.co m

www.aestpe.com

Advanced Environmental Recycling Technologies, Inc. 801 N _jefferson Street PO Box 1237 Springdale , AR72765 USA T +1 501 7501299 .F +1501750' 322 E [email protected]

www.choicedek.com

Advanced Vehicle Design L&M Business Park Norma n Road Alt rinch am Cheshire WA14 4 [ S, UK T +44 (0)1619285575 F +44(0)1619285585 E [email protected] www.windcheetah.co.uk

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AEG Hausg erate GmbH Muggenhofer Strasse ' 35 904 29 Nuremberg Germ any T +49 (0)911 3231/0 F +49 (0)911 3232283/1770 E [email protected] www .aeg hausgeraete.de

aerodyn Energiesysteme GmbH Provianthausstrasse 9 24768 Rendsburg Germany T +49 (0)43311275° F +49 (0)4331 127555

AeroVironment, Inc. Corporate HQ 825 S. Myrtle Dr Monrovia CA 91016 USA T +1626357 9983 F +1 626359 9628 www.aeroevironment.com Aga-Raybu rn PO Box 30 Ketley, Telford Shropshire TFl 4DD UK

T +44 (0)1952 642000 F +44 (0)1952 641961 www.aga-rayburn.co.uk

Air Packaging Technologies, Inc. 25620 Rye Canyon Road Valencia, CA 913555 USA T +18004247269 F +1661 2942222 E [email protected]

Alfred Karche r GmbH & Co.

Postfach 1 CH 3326 Krauchta l, Switzerl and

T +49 (0)711 142310 F +49 (0)711 142981

T +4' (0)34 411 1417 F +4' (0)34411 0019

AlineaAtelier, AG Zahringerstrasse '4

CH 4007 Basel Switzerland T +4' (0)61 690 97 97 F +4' (0)61 6909 7 90

All PaperRecycling, Inc. 502 ath Avenue NW New Prague, MN 56071-1141 USA T +1 612 758 6577 F +1612 7586751

Amasec Airfil Un it 1, Colliery Lane Exhall, Coventry Warwicksh ire cv7 9NW UK T +44 (0)1203367994 F +44 (0)1203 644325

American Excelsior Company PO Box 5067 850 Ave H East Arlington, TX76011 USA T +18176403563 and T +1 8007777645 F +1817640 3570/1555 www.amerexcel.co m

Ampair Ltd

Akzo Nobel Decorative CoatingsAB

17 Windermere Road West End

2°517 Malmo Sweden T +46 (0)40355000 F +46 (0)40 6015223

Southampton H ampsh ire soi x 3PE UK

Alden & Ott 616 E. Brook Dr ive Arlington Heights IL 60005-4622 USA T +1800 552-INKS F +1708 9566909 www.aldenottink.com

Alessi SpA Via Privata Alessi 6 28882 Crusinallo (VB) Italy T +39(0)323 868611 F +39 (0)323866132 E [email protected]

Anstalten Thorberg

71364 Winne nden German y

Alfred Karcher Strasse 28-40

T +44 (0)23 80 474 243 F +44 (0)2380476821 E [email protected]

AmticoCompany Ltd, The Kingfield Road Coventry Warwickshire cv6 5AA UK T +44 (0) 24 76861400 F +44 (0) 247686 1552 Ecustomer.services @amtico.co .uk

www.stratica.com www .amtico .co m

Arbor Vitae

see Berkowitz , Adam Brooklyn, New York USA

Arizona Fibers Marketing 9393 N . 90th #10 2-15 9 Scottsdale, AZ85258-5040 USA T +1602 443 5615 F +1 6024434917

ArmstrongWorld Industries, Inc. 2500 Columbia Ave PO Box 3°01 Lancaster, PA 17603 USA T +17173970611 F +1 71 7 396 2787 www.armstrong.com

Artemide SpA Via Bergam o 18 20010 Pregnana M ilanese Italy F +39 (0)2 9359 0254

AstroPower, Inc. Corporate H Q 461 Wyoming Road Solarpar k Newark, DE 19716-2000 USA T +1302366 °4°° F +1302 368 6087 E [email protected]

www.astropower.com

Auro Paints Ltd Unit 2, Pamphil lions Farm Purton End, Debde n Saffron Walden Essex CB11 3JT UK T +44 (0)1799 543 077 F +44 (0)1799 542 187 E [email protected] www.auroorganic.co.uk

Auro PfIanzenchemie AG Alte Frankfurter Str. 211 8122 Braunschweig German y T +49 (0)53' 2 814141 F +49 (0)53' 28 1 4161 E [email protected] www.auro.de

Manufacturers and Suppliers Auth enti cS artipresent GmbH Max Eyth Strasse 30 710 88 H o lzerl ingen Germa ny T +49 (0)70)1 680 5

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F +49 (0)70)' 680599

www.authentics.de Avant de Do rm ir Via Tu rati 3 20121 M ilan, Ital y

EInfo@3vantdedo rm ir.com www.avantdedormir.com

Baccarn e bvba Baccarne Design Gentbruggeko uter 9050 Gen t Belgium T +)2 (0)92)24421 F +)2 (0)9 2)244 )0

E baccarne@planeU nternet.be Baleri It ali a Via F. Cavallotti 8 20122 Milan, Ital y T +)9 (0)2 76 0146 72 F +)9 (0)27 6 0144 19 E [email protected] Bamboo Hardwood s, Inc. 3834 ath Ave Sou th Seatt le, WA98134 , USA T +'206264 24'4 / ) 610 [email protected]

www.bamboohardwoods.com Beacon Prin t Limited Brambleside Bellbrook Park Uckfie ld East Sussex TN22 ' PL, UK T +44 (0)182576811 F +44 (0)18257680)42 E [email protected] Bedroc k Industrie s '401 West Garfield Seattle, WA 98119, USA T +12062 8) 762\ F +1 206 28) 0497

E [email protected] www- bedrockmdustries.ccrn Benza,lnc. 4'3 W. '4 St #30' New York, NY100 '4, USA T +1 21224 34047 F +121224) 4689 [email protected] WWw.benzadesign.com BioChem Syst em s 3511 N . Oh io Wichita , KS 67 2'9 USA T +1 )16 8)8 47)9 F +13 16 832 1211

E [email protected] www. biochemsys.com Biocorp 2619 M anhatt an Beach Blvd Redo nd o Beach, CA 90278 USA T +1888 206 5658 F +1) 10 64) 1622 E info@biocorp usa.com

www.biocorpusa.com BioFab LLC/Pacifi c Gold Boa rd PO Box 9905 56 Redd ing, CA96099 -0556 USA T +1 5)024 ) 40)2 F +15)0244 ) 241 E [email protected]

www.strawhoard.com Bio shield Paint Company '365 Rufina Circle Santa Fe, NM 87505 U SA T +1 5054)8 )448 F +15054)801 99 E [email protected] www. bioshieldpaint.com

Biotec Biol o gische Naturverpackungen GmbH Blinder Weg 30 Em m erich PO Box 100 220 Germ any T +49 (0)282292)10 F +49 (0)28225)7265 E [email protected] Blackwall ltd 10 Glover W ay Parksid e, Leeds W . Yorks LSll 51P, UK T +44 (0)11)276 1646 F +44 (0)11) 271 )08) E [email protected] BMWAG BMW-Haus Petuelring 130 80788 Munich German y T/F +49 (0)89 )820/ T +49 (0) 89 )82 24272 E [email protected]

www.bmw.com BMW (GB) ltd Ellesfi eld Avenue Bracknell Berkshire RG12 8TA, UK T +44 (0}1)44 480 ) 20 F +44 (0)1)44 480 )06

E [email protected] www.press.bmwgroup.com

BOC M ichael House 47 Baker Stre et Lo nd o n W1A ION, U K T +44 (0)20 79)5 4422

Body Shop Intern at io nal pic Wat ersm ead Litt leham pto n W est Sus sex BN17 6LS, UK T +44 (0)190) 7)1500 F +44 (0)190) 726 250 www.bodyshop.com Bopp Leuchte n GmbH Postfach 1160 74835 Lim bach German y T +49 (0)62879206 0 BP Amoco pic Brita nni c House , Finsbury Cir cus Lo nd o n EC2M 7BA, UK

www.bp.com BP Solar International PO Box '9 ' Cher tsey Road Su nbury-o n-Tham es M id d lesex TW,6 7XA, U K T +44(0) '9)277954) F +44(0) 19)276268 6

www.bpsolar.com BP So lare x 630 So larex Court Frederi ck, Mo 2' 703 , USA T +1)01 69842 00 F +1) 01 698 4201 BREE Collection GmbH &Co. KG Gerberstrasse 3 309,6lsernhagen/Kirchorst German y T +49 (0)51)6897 60 F +49 (0)51)68976 229 E [email protected]

www.breecollection.de Brompton Bicycle Ltd Kew Brid ge D istr ibutio n Cent re Lionel Road , Brent fo rd Middlesex TW8 9QR, U K T +44 (0)20 82) 2 8484 F +44 (0)20 82)2 8181

www.bromptonbicycle.co.uk Br ook Hansen St Thomas Road H udd ersfi eld West Yorkshi re HO' 30u, UK T +44 (0)'484422 150 Bruggli Produktion & Dienstleistung Hofstrasse 5 CH 8590 Roma n shorn

Sw itze rland ~

T +4' (0)71 4669494 F +4' (0)71 466 94 95

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www.btminternational.co.uk Buc h ner Design St ud io 1030 Q ues ad a Avenue San Franc isco , CA94' 24 USA T + 1 4158227300 Buderus He iztechnik GmbH Sophienstrasse 30-32 35576 Wetzlar Germany T +49 (0)6441 418 F +49 (0)6441456 02 Bulo Office Fu rni t ure Industriezo ne Noord B6 2900 M echelem , Belgium T +)2 (0)15282828 F +)2 (0}15 28 28 29 E [email protected] Burch c/o Domestic Growers Supply Cave Junction, OR, USA T +154' 592 )6 15

Business Lines Ltd H arcourt St reet Walkden , Worsley Manchester M28 3GN UK T +44 (0)1204576334 E [email protected]

www.checkpoint-safety.com BUT 81 Lothair Road North London N4 , ER, UK T +44 (0)20 8)41 7776 Bute Fabrics Ltd c/o Caro Communicat ion s First Floo r 49-59 Ol d Street Lon do n EClY9HX, U K T +44 (0)2072\1 9112 F +44 (0}20 7490 5757

E [email protected] Cabka Plast Ku nstst offv erarbeit ungs GmbH Neue W einsteige 7' 70,80 St utt gart, German y T +49 (0)711 2489980 F +49 (0)711 248998 18

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Campana Ob jetos Rua Barao de Tat ui 219 Sao Paulo 01226030 Brazil T +55 (0)11 36 6641 52 F +55 (0) 1182 5340 8

Canon, Inc. Design Cent re 3-30 -2 Shimomaruko

Ota-ku Tokyo 146-8501 Japan T +81 (0)3 37582111 F +81 (0)35482 9711 E [email protected] .co.jp

Canon (UK) Limited Wood hatch Reigate, Surrey RHZ 8S F UK T +44 (0)1737220 000 F +44 (0) 1737220 0 22

www.canon.co.uk Cappellini Arte/Capellini SpA Via Marcon i 35 22060 Arosio, Italy T +39 (0)3' 759 111 F +39 (0)3 763322 / 763 333 ' E cappell ini@cappell ini .it

www.cappellini.it

Cargill Dow Polymers EcoPLA Business Unit PO Box 5698 Minneapolis MN 55440-5698, USA T +1 6127 42 6194 F +16124756208

E PublicRela [email protected] www.cargill.com Carrington Perform ance Fabri cs Calder Works Thornh ill Road Dewsbury West Yorkshire WFl2 9 0 0 , UK T +44 (0)19 24 465161 F +44 (0)1924457596

www.carrington-pf co.uk Ceccotti Collezioni sri PO Box 90 Viale Sicil ia 4 Cascina 56 0 21 Pisa, Italy T +39 (0)50 70 1 955 F +39 (0) 50 703 970 E info@ceccotti. it

www.ceccotti.it

Celotex Ltd Warwick House 27/3' St M ary's Road Ealing, London w 5 5PR, UK

8

T +44 (0)2085790811 F +44 (0)20 8579 0 106

www.celotex.co.uk

Cent riforce Products Chisho lm Plastics Ltd 14-16 Derby Road Liverpool Merseyside l20 8EE UK T +44 (0)151 2076 221 F +44 (0)151 2981319

E sales@ centriforce.co.uk

www.centnforce.com Centriforce Products Plastic Recycling Ltd 86 Blackpole Tradi ng Estate Worcester Worc s WR3 8 s0, UK T +44 (0}1905 455410 F +44 (0)1905754708

E [email protected]

www.centnforce.com

Cerestar USA, Inc. 110 Indianapolis Blvd H am m ond IN 46320-1019, USA T +12196592000 F +1 219 4736607

www.cerestar.com Charles Lawrence Recycling Ltd Jessop Way Newark Industria l Estate Newark, Nott inghamshire NG24 2ER, U K T +44 (0) 1636 610 680 F +44 (0)1636 610 222 E [email protected]

Chicago Adhes ive Products Comp any 4658 West Seth Street Chicago, Il 60629, USA T +1 773 581 '300 ClassiCon 8 Perchtingger Strasse 81379 Munich German y E info @c1assicon.co m

www.da ssicon.com

Clearv ision Lightin g Lim ited Un it 2 Elliott Park Indust rial Estate Eastern Road Aldershot Hampshire GU12 4TF, UK T +44 (0)1252344 all F +44 (0)1252 344 066 E [email protected]

Clivus Multrum, Kingsley Clivus Kingsley House

Woods ide Road Boyatt Wood Trading Estate Eastleigh H ampsh ire S0 50 4 ET, UK T +44 (0)1703 615 680 F +44 (0)1703642 613

Color Trends , Inc. 5129 Ballard Ave NW Seattle, WA 98107 USA T +1 20 6 789 1065

Columbia, USA/Comarco Wireless Technologies, Inc. 2 Crowell St reet Irvine, CA92618, USA T +1 949 59 9 7400 F +' 949 599' 415 E callin fo@co m arco.co m

Compak Systems ltd Too r St reet Gainsborough Lincolnshire ON21 2EG, UK T +44 (0)142761 6927

Compaq Computer Corporat ion PO Box 692000 Hous ton , TX 77269-2000 USA T +1 281 370 0670 F +1 281 514 1740 www.com paq.com

Concord Light ing Avis Way Newhaven East Sussex BN9 OED, UK T +44 (0)1273 515 811 F +44 (0)1273 512 688 E concord.intsalesja sylvanialightin g.com

Corbin Motors, Inc. 2350 Technology Parkway H olli ster, CA 95023 USA T + 1 831 635 1033 F +1 831 635 10 39 www .corbinmctc rs.com

Corn Card Inte rnat ion al, Inc. PO Box 239 Chapman, NE 688 27 USA T +1 3089463662 www.comcard.cc m Corre x Plastic s Madleaze Industrial Estate Bristol Road Gloucester Gloucestershire, Gll 5SG. U K T +44 (0)1452316500 F +44 (0)1452 300 436

Crane & Company 30 South Street

Dalton, MA 012 26 USA T +14 136846495 www.crane.com Crowe Build ing Products 116 Burris Street Ham ilton ONT I BM 2JS, Canada T +1 905 529 6818 F +1 905 529'755

www.authentic-roof.com Curtis Fine Papers Guard sbridge St And rews Fife KYl6 OG9 UK T +44 (0)1334 839 551 www .cu rtisfinepapers.com

Cutouts llA Lower Boston Road Hanwell Lo ndon W7 3SF, UK T +44 (0)20 8567 2847 F +44 (0)20 8579 7374 E cutou ts.london @vi rgin.net

Daimler Chrysler Epplestrasse 225 70546 Stutt gart, Germ any T +49 (0 )711170 F +49 (0)711 1722 2 44 E diaolog@daim lerchrysler.com

www.daimlerchrysler.com Daimler Chrysler (Japan) www .d aim lerchrysler.co.jp

Daimler Chrysler UK Ltd Tongwell M ilt on Keynes Bedfordshire MK15 8 SA, UK T +44 (0 )1908 301 000 F +44 (0)1908 664 35' www.daim lerchrysler.co.uk

Daimler Chrysler Corpo ration Auburn H ills, MI48326- 276 6 USA T +1 248 576 5741 F +1 248 5764742 www.d aim lerchrysler.com

Dalsouple Direct Limited PO Box '40 Bridgewater Somerset TA5 1 HT UK T +44 (0)1984667233 F +44 (0) 1984 667 366 E info @dalsou ple.com

Dalto n Lucerne Rare Fibres Ltd The Homestea d Farm Bakestonedale Road Potts Shrigley

Manufacturers and Suppliers N ew York, NY 100'4 USA

M acclesfield Cheshire SK 'O 5RU, U K T +44 (0)1625 572 381 F +44 (0)162\ \7 2 381

T +1 2128868100 + 1 8 00 22 1 1540

www.dtex.com Danese sri see Al ias sri Via dei Videt tei 2 Grum ello de l M o nte 240 64 Bergam o , Italy

Deutsche Bahn AG Metropolitan Express Train GmbH , gmp vo n Gerkan Marg und Partner Architeken

T +39 (0 35442 0240 F +39 (0)3\ 442 099 6 Dasic Internatio nal Ltd Win chester H ill Romsey Hampshire

Elbchaussee '39 22763 H am burg, Germany Deutsche Heraklith GmbH Heraklith Strasse 8 84359 Sim ach j ln n Germ any

S05' 7YD, U K T +44 (0)1794 512 419 F +44 (0)1794 \2234 6 David Zyne Prod uctio ns clo 100% Rubber Dalsouple Dire ct Lim ited PO Box ' 40 Bridgewater Som erset TA5 'H T, U K T +44 (0)1984667 233 F +44 (0)1984667 366 [email protected]

E m.hchmann -maier @heraklilh.com

T +1 888233 3373 F +1\0 3 299 628

Par kweg ' 4 227' AJ Voo rburg N etherl ands T +3' (0)703864038

F +3' (0)70 387397\ Do m us Academ y

DEKA Research & Development Corporat io n 340 Commercial Stre et Manc hester, NH °310' USA T +1603 669 \139 F +1603 624 0573

Emmasingel i a PO Box 2'25 5600 CC Eind hoven Netherlands T +3' (0)40 239 3939 F +3' (0)40 2393940

E [email protected] WWw.designacademy.nl

Dumfries Plastics Recycling Ltd Co llege Road Du m fries DG2OBU, U K T +44 (0)1387 247110 F +44 (0)1387247 109 DuPont (UK) Limited W edg ewood Way Stevenage H ertfo rdshire SG' 4QN UK T +44 (0)'438734000

F +44 (0)1438374836 D u Po nt (USA) E info@du po nt.com

www.dupont.com Dural ay Ltd Broadw ay H aslin gden Rossend ale Lancashire BB44LS, UK

YiWW.d2at.demon.co.uk DesignTex, Inc ,

T +44 (0)1706213 '3 ' www .duralay.co.uk

200 Varick St, 8th flo or

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Earth Chair (USA)

[email protected] www.earthchair.com Eastma n Chem ical Company to o N or th East m an Ro ad

F +1615229"93 www.eastman.com

T +39 (0)2 720 23 203 F +39 (0)2 72002434

Kent BR6 9QR, UK T +44 (0)1689 831400 F +44 (0)1689 609 30l

Dyso n Ap pliances c/o 20 Shaw field Str eet Lo nd o n sw3 4BD, U K T +44 (0)2078838244

T + 1 423 229 2000

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Designed to a 't' Ltd 11 M axw ell Cd s Orp ington

T +49 (0)\042 \ 01 0 F +49 (0)\042 \01 11 7

E [email protected] www.domusacademy.com Via Ancona 2012' M ilan, Italy

www.dekaresearch.com Design Academy Eindhoven

Dyes dLW Buroeinrichtungen GmbH Am De isterbahnho f 6 Bad Munder German y

Via Savon a 97 20 '44 Milan , Italy T +39 (0)2424 14001 F +39( 0)242 2 2\2\

D riade SpA (Aleph)

[email protected] www.deepeco.com

www.durex.com

www.dyson.com

DMD

Deep E Company 404 NW roth Ave Suite 201 Por tland , OR9720 9 , USA

Durex SSL Intern atio nal Toft H all Toft Road , Knutsford Cheshire wA, 6 9PD, UK T +44 (0)1\65 624 000 F +44 (0)1\6\ 624099

PO Box 5" Kingsport, TN 37662 -5° 75 U SA

eco -ball Birchw ood H o use Briar Lane, Croyd o n Su rrey CRO 5AD,U K T +44 (0)208777 3'21 F +44 (0) 20 8777 3393 E [email protected]

www.ecQl one.co.uk Eco Solut io ns Ltd Summerle aze H o use Chu rch Ro ad Wi nsco m be North Somerset BS 25 ' BH, UK T +44 (0)1934844 484 F +44 (0)1934844 "9 E [email protected] www .ecosolutions.co.uk Eco Timber In te rnatio nal ,o20 H einz Avenue Berkeley, CA 94710, USA T +1510 \4 9 3000 E ecotimb er@ igc.apc-org

www.ecotimber.org EcoD esig n (The N at u ral Choice) '3 6 5 Rufin a Cir Sant a Fe, NM 875° 5-29 64 USA

T +1 5054383448 F +15054380199 E [email protected]

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www.ecologicfurniture.com Ecostar, Inc. 230 Cente r Dr ive # 20' Vern o n Hil ls, IL 60 0 6, U SA T +1800 211 7170

F +1800 780 9870 www.ecostarinc.com Ecover UK Promotions 2' Cast le Street Bright o n East Sussex BN' 2HD, UK T +44 (0)1273 206 997 F +44(0)1273 206 973 E [email protected] Ecover Products NV Ind ust riewe g 3 2390 M alle , Belgiu m Ehlebra cht AG W erkstra sse 7 32'3° Enger, Germ any T +49 (0)\ 22318\ 192 F +49 (0)\223 18\ '93 E [email protected]

www.ehlebracht-ag.com Electrolux AB Elect rol ux Electr olux G roup Environmental Affairs 105 45 Sto ckho lm , Sw eden T +46 (0)87 387666 F +46 (0)8 738 0\ 98 E environmental.affairs @elect rol ux.se

Elect rot ext iles Ltd Pinewood Stud io s Pinewood Road Iver, Bucks SLOONH, U K T +44 (0)8700727272 F +44 (0)8700727273 E incoming@electrotextiles,com

www.electrotextiles.com

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F +'2154'97400 www.etf-alochem.com Enbiomass Group, Inc . 2229 Mason Po int Place Wi lmington , NC 28405 -5276 USA

T +19102563998 EnPac 34355 Vok es D rive Eastl ake, OH 44095-004 7 USA T +180093672 29 F +1 440 9750047 E info@e npak.com

www.enpac.com Environmental Polymers Group pic 4 Cranford Court Hardwick Grange Warrington Che shire WAl 4 RX UK

T +44 (0)1925 859 300 F +44 (0)1925 859 311 E [email protected] www.epgplc.com

Environmental Stone Products PO Box 90 4 6600 M id lan d Cou rt A llento n, WI 53°02 USA T +1888 629 1629

E webmaster@ environmentalstone.com www.environmentalstone.com Env iroSafe Products, Inc . 81 Winant Place Sta ten Island N ew Yo rk, NY10309 -13" USA

T +17189847272 F +17189841083 www.voicenet.com/- rusw/ prc/ rpg{plaslumb.htm Epson Deutschland GmbH Zulpich er Str asse 6 40 549 Dusseld o rf Germany

T +49 (0)211 56030 F +49 (0)211 5047787 www.epson.de Erlus Baustoffwerke AG H au ptstr asse 106

8

84088 Neufahrn Germ any

T +49 (0)8773 18' 33 F +49 (0)8773 18140 E [email protected]

www.erlus.de Escofet 1886 SA Ronda Universitat 20 E 08007 Barcelo na Spain

T +34 (0)933185050 F +34 (0)93 4124465 E [email protected] [email protected] Europol U nit ' 9A H ilt o n Industr ial Estate Sutt on Lan e, H il ton, Derb yshir e oE655fE UK

T +44 (0)1283 730355{730 354 E [email protected] FanWing P. Pebble s Via Mandriola 10 00193 Rome Italy T/F +39 (0)67 136263 E info@fa nwing.co m

www.fanwing.com Feldmann & Schultchen 7 Ti mm erm anns tr asse 22299 Hamburg Germ any

T +49(0)40 5'0000 F +49 (0)40517000 www.fsdesign.de Festo AG & Co. Co rpo rate Design KC-Cl , H eugasse 1 73726 Esslingen Germany T +49 (0)711 3473880

F +49 (0)711 3473889 E [email protected] www.festo.com Fiam Italia SpA Vi a Anco na l IB 61010 T avu ll ia Pesor o Italy

T +39 (0)721 2005' F +39 (0)721 202432 E fiam@fiamita lia.it www.f ia rnitaha.it Fiat Auto Spa Co rso G Agn elli 10010 To nn o, Italy

T +39 (0)11 685 "" F +39 (0)11 6837591

Fiat Auto UK Fiat H o use 266 Bath Road , Slough Ber ksh ire Sl1 4H/, U K

T +44 (0)1735 511 43' F +44 (0)1735511 471 Filsol Limited Unit '5 , Po nthenr i Ind ust rial Estate Po nt henr i Carm arthen shire SA15 5RA UK

T +44 (0)1269860229 F +44 (0)1269860 979 E [email protected] Findlay Industries 4000 Fo sto ria Ave Find lay, OH 45840 USA

T +141942213°2 Fingermax Gbr Pestalozz istrasse 54 80469 Munich Germany

T{F +49 (0)89 267417 www.ftngermax.de Fish Guidance Systems Chase M ill Winchester Road Southampton Hampshire S032 lAH UK

T +44 (0)1489893323 F +44 (0)1489893831 E fgs@f1sh·guide.com www.fish-guide.com Fiskeby Board Ltd Lloy d Berkeley Place Pebble Lane Aylesbury Buckingha m shir e HP20 2jH UK

T +44 (0)1296426219 F +44 (0)1296482682 www.frskeby.com Flamco PO Box " 5 280 0 AC Go ud a Net herl an d s

T +3' (0)182591800 F +3' (0)182522557 Flint Ink 245 East M arie Ave We st St Pau l, MN 55118 USA

T +16515523217 F +16514552611 E [email protected] www .flm nnk.corn

Float Up VP 244 Gra ys Inn Road Lon do n WC1X 8jR, UK T +44 (0)2072786971 F +44 (0)2078330018 E floatupvp@ BTinternet.com

Flow Control Water Conservation Cons ervation House Bright o n Street Walla sey M erseyside CH44 6Qj UK T +44 (0)151 6388811 F +44 (0)151 6384137 Forbo-Nairn Ltd PO Box 1 Kirk cald y Fife KY l 2SB Scot land , UK

T +44 (0)1592 643 111 F +44(0)1592 643 999 Ford Motor Company Customer Relations hip Cen ter PO Box 6248 Dearbo rn , MI 48 126 USA

www.ford.com Frandsen Lyskilde AS 8-10lndustrivej OK-874° Braedstrup Denmark

T +45 (0)76581818 F +45 (0)76 5818'9 www.frandsen-lyskrld e.dk Franmar Chemical, Inc. 105 East Lin coln PO Box 92 N or m al, IL 61761 U SA

T +13094527526 T +1800 5385069 www.franmar.com Fredericia Furniture AIS Trelde vej 183 OK-7000 Freder icia Den m ark

T +45 (0)759233 44 F +45 (0)7592 3876 E [email protected] www.fredericia.com Free-Flow Packaging International, Inc . 1090 M ills Way Redwood Cit y, CA 94063 USA T +18008883725 T +16503611771

E [email protected] www.fpintl.com

Manufacturers and Suppliers Freepl ay Energy Europ e Limited Cirencester Business Park Love Lane Gloucester

GLl l XD UK T +44 (0)1285 659559 F +44 (0)1285 659559 E [email protected]

www.freeplay.net Freuden berg Bu ild ing Systems (Division of Freuden berg Nonwovens LP) Lutt erwo rt h Leicestershire lE174DU UK T +44 (0)1455 261 240 F +44 (0)1455 556 5z9 E [email protected] Fritz H ans en A/S Fritz-H ansen UK 20-22 Rosebery Aven ue Lon do n ECl R 4 SX UK T +44 (0)20 78)7 20)0 F +44 (0)20 78)7 2040 E [email protected] .u k

www.fritzhansen.com.uk Fro nt Co rporat io n 3-13-1 Takad ano kata Shinju ku-ku 169 Tokyo Japan T +81 (0)) ) )60 ))9' F +81 (0)) ))62 6)6) Galleri Stolen A B Birger )arlsgatan 57 11356 Stock holm Sweden

T +46 (0)8 442 9150 F +46 (0)8 442 9151 [email protected] www.gallertstolen.se GebrUder Thonet GmbH M ichael Tho net Strasse 1 35066 Fran kenb erg Germ any

T +49 (0)64515080 F +49 (0)6451 508108 [email protected] WWw.thonet.de General Motors (USA)

WWw.gm.com Gervason i SpA Zona Indu striale Udenese 330 50 Pavia d i Ud ine Italy

T +)9 (0)4) Z 675377 F +)9 (0)4) 2 675755

E [email protected] www.mfotech.ttrgervasc n!

G ibson Gu itars 309 Plus Park Blvd Nash vil le, TN 37217 USA

T +1 615 8714500 F +16158895509 www.gibson.com Glas Platz Ecken hagener Strasse 16 51580 Reichshof-Allenbach German y

T +49 (0)2261 55557 F +49 (0)226156717 E [email protected] Glindower Ziegelei GmbH Alpens trasse 47 14542 Glindow Germa ny

USA T +1651552 )217 E [email protected] www.greenfieldpaper.com GreenDisk 16398 N E 85th Street Suite 100 Redmond, WA98 052 USA

T +1425 88) 9165 +1800 )05 )475 F +142588) 0425 www.greendisk.com

Greenwood Cotton PO Box 1017 Greenwood, sc 29648-1017 USA

T + 1800 546 1))2 F +18009424814 Gridcore Systems

E info@glindower·ziegele i.de

International (GSI)

Gloria-Werke

see H . Schu lte -Frank enfeld

'4°° Canal Avenue Long Beach, CA 90813 USA

T +1562901 1492

G m bH & Co. Goods 218 Prinsengrach t 1016 H D Ams te rdam N eth erland s T +)1 (0)206)85908 F +)1 (0)206204457 E [email protected] Govaerts Recycling NV Kolmenstraat '324 Industriepark Kolmen 3570 Aiken Belgiu m T +)2 (0)11 59 01 60 F +)2 (0)11 ) 14) 0) GrammerAG Post fach 1454 92 22°4 Ambe rg Germ any T +49 (0)9621880216 F +49 (0)9621880 )87

E [email protected] www.grammer.de Green & Carter Vu lcan Wo rks Ash br ittl e Ne ar W ell ingto n Som erset TA21 OlQ UK T +44(0)182) 672)65 F +44(0)182) 672950 Green Field Paper Company ' 330 G St San Diego, CA9210 1

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196 Tott enham Court Road London W1P 9LD, UK

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Flugplatz Hahn Cebaude 1027 554 83 Lautzenhausen German y

T +49 (0)654) 9886 a F +49 (0)654) 9886 97 E [email protected] Hans Grohe GmbH KG

Aues trasse 5-9 77761 Schiltach Germ any

T +49 (0)78)651 1211 F +49 (0)78)651 1170 E [email protected] www. hansgrohe.com Harwood Products PO Box 224

Ground Support

Bransco mb , CA95417

Equipment (US) 11 Bro adw ay, Roo m 1010

U SA

New Yo rk, NY 10004 USA

T +12128094)2) F +1 2128094)24 E biomorph@wa lrus.com www.biomorphdesk.com GrundigAG Kurgartenstr. 37 90762 Furth Germ any

T +49 (0)911 70) 8149 F +49 (0)911 7087)6 E [email protected] or [email protected] H. Schulte-Frankenfeld GmbH &Co. D iestedder Strasse 39 59329 W aderslo h Ge rm any

T +49 (0)252) 77a F +49 (0)252) 77295 E [email protected] www.gloria.de Haasa Biop ac G m bH Ebrichsdo rfer St rasse 18 A 2512 Tribusw inkel Aus tria

T +4) (0)225280) 472)

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T +44 (0)207 255)6)6 F +44 (0)20 7255600 2 E presscah abrtat.co.uk

Insulation Products, Inc .

T +49 (0)))27 66490 F +49 (0)))2742662 www.glindower·ziegelei.de

H ab itat

T +17079846181 F +1707 984 66)1 www.harwoodproducts.com Haworth, Inc. One H aw or t h Cente r H o lland, MI 4 94 23 USA

T +1616 )9) )000 www.haworth.com

Hawlal Whiting Environmental Phoenix House Christoph er Martin Road Basildo n Essex ss14 3EZ UK

T +44 (0)12685)1 ' 55 F +44 (0)126827) 555 E sb)[email protected] www.hawtalwhiting.com Hemp Textiles International Corporation (H TI) 320 0 30 th St Bell ingh am , WA98225-8360 USA

T +1)606501684 F +1)60 650052) E [email protected] www.cantiva.com

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www.hermanmiller.com Hermes (France)

www.hermes.com Hess Naturtextil ien GmbH Marie-Cur ie Str. 7 35510 Butzbach, Germ any E hess@hess·n atur .com

www.hess-natur.com Hock Vertriebs GmbH & Co. KG Industriestrasse 7 76297 Stutensee-Spock Germ any T +49 (0)7249 94 71 0 F +49 (0)7249947125 E hock@thermo-hanfde Holzweg (German y) c/o Cons t ruction Reso u rces Ltd , 6 Gr eat Gu ild fo rd St reet Lo nd o n SE, OHS, U K T +44 (0)20 74502211 Homasote Compan y PO Box 7240 Wes t Tr ent o n N I 0 86 28-02 40 , USA T +1 609 8833300 F +160988 33497

www.homosote.com H o nda (Japan) www .honda.com

Hoover Group Pentrebach, Merthyr Tyd fil M id Glamorgan CF4 8 4TU UK T +44 (0)1685721222 F +44 (0)1685725696 Hopton Technologies Alban y, OR, USA T +1800 346 525' E [email protected] www .hoptontech.com

H u lsta -Werke H uls GmbH & Co. KG Postfach 12'2 48693 Stadt loh n Germany T +49 (0)22 63 86 1273 F +49 (0)226386 '400

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www.huelsta.de Hunton Fiber (UK) Ltd 22A H igh Street Irth lingbo ro ugh N o rt hant s NN9 5TN, UK T +44 (0)1933 651 811 F +44 (0)1933652747 E [email protected]

Hu rum Fabri kker AS Postboks , 33 3481 Toft e, Norway T +47 (0)32 79 95 00 Husqvarna see Elect ro lux l ain Sinclair Des ign Willow House H ildersham Cambridge cei 6av UK T +44 (0)1223803363 F +44 (0)1223 892 611 E [email protected] IBM Corporation IBM Per so nal Syste m s G roup De sign 3039 Cornwal lis Ro ad Research T riangle Park NC 27709 U SA T +19192548650 F +19192548385 E HDa vid@u s.ibm.com

ICI Am ericas Co nco rd Plaza 34 11 Silv ersi de Rd W ilm ing ton , DE '98' 0 USA T +1302 8875858 F +13028875857 E cL antone [email protected] www.lci.com

IFCO, International Food Container Organisation GmbH Zugspitzst rasse '5 82049 Pull ach Germ any T +49 (0)89 7449 '3 11 F +49 (0)897449 ' 3 92 Ifo San itar AB 295 22 Bro m o lla Sw eden T +46 (0)456480 00 F +46 (0)456 480 48 E info@ifo. se

www.ifo.se Ifor m AB/lnredningsform PO Box 5055 David shallsgatan 20 20 0 7' Malmo, Sweden

T +46 (0)40 303610 F +46 (0)40302288 E info@iform .net www .ifo rm .net IK EA of Sw ed en Box 702 , Almhult 343 81 Srnaland Sw eden T +46 (0)47 68 10 00 F +46 (0)4761 51 23 www .ikea.corn I nd uced Ener gy Ltd Sould ern M ano r

Bicester Oxfordshire ox 27 91T, UK T +44 (0) 18693 45746 F +44 (0)1869 346 05' In ne r Tube Ltd Un it B, Th e W ren Cent re Westbou rne Road Em swo rt h H am pshire UK T +44 (0)2392433433 Ins ulholz-Beton I nternational, Inc. 57' O ak Rid ge Club Rd Windsor, sc 298 56-2146 U SA T +1803 642 9346 F +1803 642 6361 E [email protected]

www.faswall.com Interface, Inc, Co rpo rate H ead qu art ers 2859 Paces Ferr y Road Suite 2000 Atlanta , GA30399 USA T +1770 4376800 www.interfaceinc.com

Interfold PO Box 3396 Santa Rosa, CA95402 USA In x International In k Co , 65' Bo nn ie Lane Elk Gr ove Vi llage , IL 60007 USA T +1847 9819399 F +1847 9819447 E m oravec@ inxintl.com www .inxink.com

Isobord Enterprises '3 00 SW Fifth Avenue Suite 3030 Portland , OR 97201 USA T +15032427345 E isobord@ isobord-sale s.com

www.isobord.com www.isobordenterprises.com Jiffy Packaging Company Ltd Road Four In dus trial Estate Winsford Cheshi re CW7 3QR, UK T +44 (0)1606 5)1221 F +44 (0)1606 592 634 Johnson Co rrugated Prod ucts Box 246 , Rte ' 93 Tho m pso n, CT 062 77 USA T +18609239563 F +186092325 31 E [email protected] www .jcpc.com

Johnson Matthey Catalyt ic System Division O rchard Road Royston He rtfo rds hi re 5G8 9HE, UK T +44 (0)1763 253 370 F +44 (0)1763253011

www.matthey.com Josef Meeth Fensterfabrik GmbH &CO, KG Mont real 54533 Laufeld , Germa ny T +49 (0) 6572 810 F +49 (0)657281 148 Junghans Uhren Gmb H Geisshald enstrasse 49 787'3 Schr am berg Germany T +49 (0)7422 18360 F +49 (0)742218 667 E [email protected] www .junghans.de

Kaf us Bio-Composites 4955 Beck D r. Elkhart , IN 465,6, USA T +12192953777 E [email protected]

www.kafus.com/divisic nsf biocomposites .html Kafus Env i ronmental Industries 270 Brid ge St reet Dedham , MA 0 202 6 USA T +1888 3335377 F +17813265105 E [email protected] www .kafus.com

Kartell SpA Via delle Industrie , No viglio 20082 Milan , Italy T +39 (0)2 9000121 F +39 (0)2 9053316 www .karteIJ.it

Manufacturers and Suppliers Kautzky Mechanik schbffelgasse 26'28 A,,80 Vienna Austria T +43 (0)14724252 Kayserberg Packaging SA nS Plastiques Route de Lapoutroie BP 27 68240 Kayserberg France T +33 (0)389 7830 00 F+33 (0)3 89 47 18 56 www.kpsa·plastics.com Keim Mineral Paints Muckley Cross, Morville Near Bridgend Shropshire MV16 4RR UK T +44(0)1746 714 543 KFN Kaufmann Produkt GmbH Sagerstra sse 4 A6850 Dornb irn Austria T +43 (ol 5572 26 2 83 F+43 (0)5572 26283'4 Eoffice@kaufmannkaufmann. com www.kfnproduct.com Klober Limit ed Pear Tree Industri al Estate Upper Langford North Somerset 8S40 5DI UK T +44(0)1934 853 224/5 F+44 (0)1934853 221 [email protected] www.klober.co.uk

KopfAG Stutzenstr. 6 72172Sulz-Borgfelden Germany T +49(0)745475285 [email protected] www.kopf-ag.de

KPProducts PO Box 20399 Albuquerque NM 87154-°399 USA T +1 505294 0293 Ekenafman@aol,com WWw.visionpaper.com

Kronospan AG

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Dekorative Holzwerkstoffe CH 6122M enznau Switzerland

T +4' (0)41494 94 94 F+4' (0)41 4940 4 49 E s.wiederkehr @ kron o span.ch www.krono span.ch

Kucospan Sales UK Ltd Peverel House The Green H atfield Peverel Essex CM3 21F, UK T +44 (0)1245382168 F +44 (0)1245382207 E pjcart er@ kucospan.co.uk

K·X Faswall Corp PO Box 18o Windso r, SC 29856 USA T +1800 4917891 F +1 8036426361 www.faswall.com Kyocera Corporati on Japan and UK www.kyocera.com La Chanvriere de I' Aube (LDCA m at eriaux] Rue du General de Gaulle 10200 Bar sur Aube France T +33 (0)32592 3195 F +33 (0)3252735 48 E chanvriere.auberpwanadoo.fr www.chanvre.com Lakeland Paints Un it 19 Lake District Business Park Kendal Cumbr ia LA9 6NH UK T +44 (0)1539 732 866 F+44 (0)1539 734 400 Lampho lder 2000 pic Unit 8, Express Park Garrard Way Telford Way Industr ial Estate (South) Kettering Northamptonshire NN168m UK T +44 (0)1536 520 101 F+44 (0)153652301 4 Laybond Produ ct s ltd Riverside Saltney Chester CH4 8RS UK T +44 (0)1244674774 F+44 (0)1244 681601

Leahy Wolf Company 1951 Nort h zyth Avenue Franklin Park Il 60 ' 3 3595 USA " T +1888 873 5327 F+1 8474555700 www.ia-usa.org/ aoo 14 ·htm

Leclanche 48 Avenue de Grandson CH 1401 Yverdon Switzerland T +4' (0)24 4472272 F+4' (0)24445 244 2 Ledtronics USA www.ledtronics.com Levi St rauss & Co. Global Headquarters " 55 Battery Street San Francisco, CA 9411 1 USA www.levistrauss.com www.levi.com Lew San Limi ted 3 Sutton Gardens Hornchurch EssexRM12 4l D UK T +44 (0)1708473 842 F +44 (0)1708524389 E stmate@dircon .co.uk www.stairmate.co.uk

Lexon Design Concepts 98 ter. Boulevard Heloi se BP 103 951 0 3 Argenteuil Cedex France T +33 (0)1 3947 04 00 F +33 (0)139 4707 59 E world@ lexon-design.co m www.lexon-d eslgn.co m

Light Corpo ration 14800 172nd Avenue Grand Haven, MI 49417 USA T +1 616842 5100 F +1616 846 2144 E [email protected] www.lightcorp.com Ligne Roset SA Serrieres de Briord 01471 Briord France T +33 (0)47436 1700 F +33 (0)474 361695

M aderon Ronda San Pedro 58 3-2 E 08010 Barcelona Spain

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L1NPAC Environmental l.eafleld Way l.eafield Industri al Estate Corsham Wiltshire SN 139UD UK T +44(0)1225 816 500 F +44 (0)1 225816501 www.linpac-enviro nmental.com

Living Tree Paper Company ' 430 Willamette St Ste 367 Eugene, OR 974°1'4°49 USA T +1800 309 2974 F +15416877744 E info@ livingt reepaper.co m

www .livingtreepaper.com

Livas Pflanzenchern ie Auengrund 10 29568 Weisen Germany T +49 (0)5825880 F +49 (0)58258860

Lloyd Loom of Spaldi ng Wardentree Lane Pinchbeck, Spald ing Lincs PEll 3SY UK T +44 (0)177571 2111 F +44(0)1775710571 E info@lIoydloom_com www.lloydloom.com LRC Products c/o Durex SSL International Toft Hall Toft Road Knutsford Cheshire WA16 9PD UK T +44 (0)1565624000

F+44 (0)1565624099 www.durex.com LSK Indu st ries Ply 92 Woodfie ld Boulevard Caringbah NSW 2229 Australia T +61 (0)295258544 +61 (0)2 95257601

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LSR GmbH Recycling Zentrum Wachstedter Str. 1-5 3735' Dingelstadt Germany T +49 (01J6075 J81 0 F+49 (0)J6075 J81 18 E [email protected]

www.lsr-recydur.de Luceplan SpA Via E.T. Moneta 44/46 20161 Milan Italy T +J9(0)266242 1 F +J9(0)26620J400 E [email protected] www.luceplan.it

M asonite Corpo ration 1 South Wacker Drive 36th floor Chicago, IL 60606 USA T +1 312 750 0900

F +1 J12 750 0958 E [email protected]

M asonite CP West Wing Jason House Kercyhill Hosforth Leeds West Yorkshire LS18 4JR UK T +44 (0)l1J2 587 689 F+44 (0)l1J2 590015

Lumatech Corpor ation 41636 Enterprise Circle No rth , Suite C Temecula, CA 9259° USA T +1800 9J206J7 F +1 800 J45 5862 www.lumatech.com

Mass achusetts Instit ut e ofTechno logy 77 M assachusett s Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

LUMINO Licht Elecktronik GmbH 47799 Krefeld Germany T +49 (0)2151819625 F +49 (0)2151 819659 [email protected] www.lumino.de

Matrix Compos ites , Inc 6310 Shawson Drive M ississauga ONT L5T lH5 Canada T +1 800 767 4495 www.maderatile.com

MAN B & W Diesel AG MA N Nutzfah rzeuge Aktiengesellschaft Postfach 5006 20 80976 Munich Germany T +49 (0189 15 08 01 www.man-nutzfahrzeuge.de www.mbd.man.de M AP (M erchant s of Australia Products ) Ply Ltd 570 Chapel Street Sth Yarra Melbourne, Victoria 3141 Australia Ma rlec Engineering Co, Ltd Rutland House Trevithick Road Cor by Northamp tonshire NN175XY UK T +44 (0115J6 201588 F +44(0)15J6 400 211 E [email protected] www.marlec.co.uk

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T +1617 2531000

http:/ /web.mit.edu

MOD (Denma rk) www.mdd.dk Meadowood Industri es, Inc. 33242 Red Bridge Rd SE Albany, OR 97321 -9769 USA T +154'259 lJOJ F +1 54' 259 lJ55 E [email protected] www.meadowoodindustries.com Met a Morf Inc. c/o Colin Reedy 2700 4th Avenue Sout h Seatt le, WA 98134 USA T +1 20690J6JJ2 F +1 20622J 085J [email protected] www.metamorfdesign.com M etaboli x, Inc, 303 3rd St Cambridge, MA 02142-1126 USA T +1 6174920505 F+16174921996 E [email protected]

Metpost Limi ted M ardy Road Cardiff CF3 8EX UK T +44 (0)2920777877 F+44 (0)2920779295 www.metpost.com M GSL Gm bH Deichstrasse 6 25335 Elm shorn Germany T +49 (0)4121 260717 F+49 (0)4121 260779 [email protected] Michael Kaufm ann Zimmerei Baien 116 A 6870 Reuthe Austr ia T +4J(0)55142209 F+4J (0)55'4J275 Mic ro Thermal Systems Tregonce Cliff St Issey Wadebridge Cornwall PL277Q3 UK T +44 (0)1208 81J028 F+44 (0)1208 81J 026 E [email protected]

M illiken & Co. Carpet Division USA T +1 706880 5511 www. rnillikenca rpet.co m

M inolta (Japan) www.m inolt a.com rjapanr

Monodraught Halifax House Cressex Business Park High Wycombe Buckingham shire HP123SE UK T +44 (0)1494 897700 F+44 (011494 5J2 465 E [email protected] [email protected] Monotub Industries 212 Piccadilly London WIV 9LD UK T +44 (0)207917 186J F+44 (0)2079'7 188J www.monotub.com

Moonlight Aussenleuc hten GmbH Gewerbegebiet Hemm et 79664 Wehr Germany T +49 (0)7762 1018 F+49 (0)7762 220J www.moo nlight. outdoorlighting.de

M oorm ann Mabel An der Festhalle 2 83229 Aschau im Chiemgau Germany T +49 (0)8052 40 01 F+49 (0)8052 4J9J MSK Corporation Japan www.sLeduj ndmj exhibj sunj 4jkk.html Mu scle Power, MOY Concept and Design Netherlands E [email protected]

National Starch & Chemical Company 10 Finderne Ave Bridgewater, NJ08807-3300 USA T +1800 797 4992 F+1 9084175696 [email protected]

www.nationalstarch.com Natural Choice, The USA www.cikcs.cornj naturak hoice

jindex.htm Nat ural Cotton Colors , Inc. PO Box 66 Wickenburg, AZ 85358 USA TjF +1 520 6847199 E [email protected] www.foxfibre.com Natural Fibers Corporation Airport Road Box 830 Ogallala, NE69153 USA T +1 J08284840J [email protected] www.ogallaladown.com

Manufacturers and Suppliers NEC Deutschland GmbH Steinheilst rasse 4-6 85737 Ism anin Germ any T '49 (0)89 96274 376 F +49 (0)89 96274 547 wYfW.nec.cOm

Netlon Group Limited, The New Wellington Street Blackburn Lancashire BB2 4PJ UK T +44 (0)1254 26243 ' F ' 44 (0)'254266868 E [email protected]

New Leaf Paper 215 Leidesd orff St Suite 4 San Francisco, CA94 111 USA T +1 4 ' 5 291 9210

F T1 4'529' 9353 E [email protected]

www.newleafpaper.com News Design DfE AB Stora Skuccanas V. 11 11 5 42 Stockholm Sweden T '46 (0)8 153929 F +46 (0)8 153926 N Fornitore Italy c/o Purves and Purves 220-224 Tott enham Court Road London WlT 7QE UK T +44 (0)2075808223 Nighteye G m bH Daim lerstrasse '3-15 73249 Wern au Germ any T '49 (0)7153 937833 F +49 (0)7153937832 [email protected] www.nighteye.de Nils H olger Moormann Mobel Produktions- und Handels GmbH Kirchplatz 83229 Aschau Germ any T '49 (0)8052 9045 F '49 (0)8052 4393 E [email protected]

WWW.moormann.de

Niss a Engi neeri ng Co Ltd (NSE) Nob uhiro Saito Tokyo Takii Bldg.

6-1, l -Chome, Kanda Kinbo-cho , Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101 Japan T +8, (0)3329693 13/9204 F +8, (0)332969250 Nordsjo (Akzo Nobel Dekorativ) 2051 ]'Malmb Sweden T +46 (0)40 35 5000 F '46 (0)4060152 23 Norel/Unisource 223 Gate s Road Little Ferry, NJ07643 USA T + 1 201 44° 4400 F + 1 201 440 9292 E [email protected]

www.norel.com North Wood Plast ics , Inc. 103 Water Street Baraboo, WI 53913-2446 USA T +1 6083554100 Nova Cruz Products LLC '537 Hami lton Aven ue Palo Alto , CA 9430 1 USA T +1 60386837081 +1888 353 4464

E sales@no vacruz.com www .xootr.co m

Nova Form Schbrgelgasse 21 A-80 1OGraz Austr ia T '43 (0)3' 6 82 2263 F +43 (0)316 82 2334 E [email protected]

www.novaform.com Novamont SpA N ovara, Italy T +39 (0) 321699611 E relazioni .esterne@nova

mont.corn

www.novament.com Novon Internat ional 181Co ope r Avenue Tonawand a, NY 14150-664 USA T +' 7,6874 8696 F T1 7168748699 E in fo@n ovon intl. com www. novonintl.com

Novotex A/S Elleh ammervej 8 7430 tkast Den m ark T '45 (0)96 60 68 00 F +45 (0)96606810

E nOlJotex@green-cott on.dk

www.green-cotton.dk Nuno Corporation Axis Bu ilding Bl F 5-17-1 Roppong i M inat o-ku Tok yo 106 Japan T +8, (0)335827997 F +81 (0)335893439 Nutshell Natural Paints Ham lyn H ouse Mardle Way Buckfastleigh Devon ron ONR, U K T +44 (0)13647380' E nuts@nu tshellp aints.

freeserve .co.uk

NuvoMedia, Inc , 310 Villa Street Mountain View CA94°41 USA T +' 6503 14 ' 200 F +1 6so 314 1201 E [email protected] www .nuvomedia.com

Ocean Kayak (USA)

www.oceankayak.com Old Fashioned Milk Paint Company 436 M ain St Groton, MA01450-1232 USA T +1978 448 6336 F +1 9784482754 www.m ilkpaint .com

Optare International Ma nstone Lane Leed s W . Yor ks LS15 8su UK T +44 (0)113 264 5182 F +44 (0)11 3 260 6635 Orange Orange Media Centre 50 George Street London W1H 5Rf UK T +44 (0)20 79842000 F +44 (0)2079842001 E m edi a.centre@o range.co. uk

www.media.ora nge.net

ORBITA Film GmbH ko thne r St r. 11 063 69 Weissand t-Gb lza u Germany T +49 (0)34078270 F +49 (0)3407827376 O sram Sylvan ia No rt h Amer ica HQ 100 End icott Street

Danvers , MA01923 USA

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T +1978777'900 E +19787502152

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www.sylvania.com

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Ostermann & Sche iwe Hafe nweg 31 48155 Munster Germ any

n (J) V1

www.ostermann-scheiwe.com

Ostermann & Scheiwe UK Ltd Osmo House Un it 2 Pembr oke Road Stockla ke Industri al Est ate Aylesbu ry Bucks HP20 lOB, U K T +44 (0)1296481 220

www.ostermann-scheiwe.com Osterreichische Heraklith AG Postfach 31 A 9586 Furnitz, Au str ia T +49 (0)42573370 0 F +49 (0)42573370 57 O xo International 230 Fift h Avenue znd Floor Ne w York, NY 100 01, USA T +' 212242 3333 F +1 212 2423336 E [email protected] WWW. QXQ.c o m

P T Sudimar Energ i Surya [alan Banyumas 4 Jakarta 10310 Ind onesia T +62 (0)2' 390407 F +62 (0)21 361639 P. Schiebel Elektronische GerateAG M argarete nstrasse 112 A 1050 Vienn a Au stria T +43 (0)1548260 F +43 (0)15452339 Pacific Northwest Fiber PO Box 610 Plummer, ID 83851 USA T +' 208 686 6800 F +1 20868 668 10

E ccntacrgi pacificfiber.ccm www.padficflber.com Palluco ltal ia SpA Via Azzi 36 Castagnole de Paese 310 40 Tre viso Italy T +390 (0)422438800

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Manufacturers and Suppliers Papa -Papel .j:>.

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c/o Enderecoda Fiesp /Ciesp Av_Paulista, 1.313 Cerqueira Cesar Sao Paulo/sP-CEP 01 311-923 Brazil T +55 (0)11 252 4499

Phenix Biocomposites PO Box 609 Mankato, MN 56002-0609 USA T +1 50793' 9787 +1 800324 81 47 F +150793'5573 E [email protected] www.phenebccc rnposues.cc rn

Paperback Unit 2 Bow Triangle Business Centre Eleanor Street London E3 4NP UK T +44 (0)2089805580 F +44(0)20 8980 2399

Philips Electronics NV Building HWD PO Box 218 5600 M D Eindhoven Netherlands T +3' (0)402759066 F +3' (0)40275909'

Partek Insulations, Inc. 40' Westpark Drive 202 Peachtree City, GA 30269 USA

Pierce International, Inc. PO Box 4871 Englewood, co 80155 USA

Patagonia 239 W. Santa Clara Street Ventur a, CA 93°0 1 USA T +18056438616 www.patagonia.com P.C.D. Maltron Ltd '5 Orchard Lane East Mo lesey Surrey KT8 OBN UK T +44(0)2083983265 E sales@ malt ron.com

www. maltron.co m

Pendlewood The Old Officers Mess Barton Aerodrome Barton Salford Manchester M30 7SA UK T +44 (0)161 789 4441 F +44(0)161 7877400 Peugeot France www.psa.fr Peugeot Motor Co. Pic Aldermore House PO Box 227 Aldermore Lane Coventry Warwickshire cvj 1LT UK T +44 (0)24 7688 4212 F +44(0)24 7688 4122 www. peugeoLco.u k

@

E [email protected]

www.philips.com

T +13°3792 0719 F +1 303 7996469

Pinnacle Technology , Inc. (PTI) 619 East 8th, Suite D Lawrence, KS 66044 USA T +1785832 8866 F +1 785 749 9214 E info@pinn aclet.com

www.pinnaclet.com

Pinturas Proa Industri as Proa SA San Salvador de Budirio Canderas de Prado 36475 Perrino (Pontevedra) Spain T +34 (0)986 346525 F +34 (0)986346589 Planet c/ o Creative Energy Technologies M ain St Summit , NY12175 USA www.cetsolar.comyplanetdc.htrn Planex GmbH Steinauer Weg 91589Aurach Germany T +49 (0)9804 1780 F+49 (0) 9804 7207 E ro st@planex .com

Plant Polymer Technologies, Inc. 9985 Businesspark Ave, Suite A San Diego, CA 92' 3' -1102 USA

T +1619 5495' 30 F +1619

5495133

Plastics Fth Industry Ltd The Stables Sandhoime M ill Commerc ial Street Todmorden Lancashire 0L1 4 5RH UK T +44 (0)1706817784 F +44(0)1706817227 [email protected] Polti SpA Via Verloni 83 22070 Bulgarograsso (CO) Italy T +39 (0)3' 939 III F +39 (0)3' 890513

PowerMakers Plus Limited Croft Business Park Bromborough Wirral Cheshire cH62 3RB UK T +44 (0)15 1 343 0080 F +44 (0)151 3430081 Prairie Forest Products 200 S Obee Rd Hutch inson, KS67501 USA T +1316 6657000 Primeboard , Inc. 2lll North 3M Drive Wahpeton, ND58075-3019 USA

E contabilita@polti .it

T +17016421152

www. polti.it

F +1 701 642 1154 E [email protected]

Poly-Beek-Kunststoff. Handels GmbH Schmidestr. 34 26629 Grossefehn Germany T +49 (0)4943 91990 F +49 (0)49434744 E [email protected] Polyval pic Priors Hall Stebbing Dunmow Essesx cM6 3sW UK T +44 (0) 1371 856 791 F +44 (0)1371 856 791 Porous Pipe Ltd Standroyd M ill Cottont ree, Colne Lancashire BB8 7BW UK T +44 (0)1282 871 778 F+44 (0)1282871785 Potmolen Paints 27 Woodcock Industri al Estate Warminster Wiltsh ire BA12 9DX UK T +44(0)1985213931 F +44(0)1985 213 960 Powabyke Ltd 6 Riverside Business Park Bath BA2 3DW UK T +44 (0)1225443737 F+44 (0)1225 446 878 E sales@ powaby ke.com www.powabyke.com

www .primeboard .co m

Prins Dokkum BV Rondweg 35 PO Box 4 9100 AA Dokkum Netherlands E [email protected]

www.prins-dokkum.nl

Product 2000 Ltd Archfarm Industrial Estate Whits bury Road Fordingbridge Hampshire sp6 lNQ UK T +44 (0)1 425 652 226 F +44 (0)1425 657 288 PURUS Kunststoffwerke GmbH Am Blatterrangen 4 95659 Arzberg, Germany T +49(0)9233 7755 F +49 (0)92337755 50

°

E pu rus-kunststo ffwerke @pur us·arzberg.de

Radius GmbH 145Weisser Strasse 50999 Cologne Germany T +49 (0)2232 763632 F +49 (0)2232 7636 30 E [email protected]

Rayotec Limited London Road Sunningdale Berkshire sl 5 ODJ UK T +44 (0)1344 874 747 F +44 (0)1344 872030

Recycled Plast ics, Inc. 609 Co. Rd 82 NW Garfield, MN 56332 USA T +13208342293 F +13208342290 [email protected] www .gipo·rpi.co m

Red Bank Manufactur ing Ltd Atherstone Road Measham Swadlincote Derbyshire OE1 2 7EL UK T +44(0)1530 270 333/54 2 ReedCorrugated Cases see Sams Design REEEL 52 Marconistr at 3029 AK Rot terdam Netherlands T +3' (0)10925 4612 F +3' (0)10 9257603 Rein (Australia with Wiggly Wigglers, UK) Lower Blakemere Farm Blakemere Herefordshire HR2 9px, UK T +44(0)1 981500 39 ' F +44(0)1981500 108 www.wigglywigglers.co.uk Remarkable Pencil s Ltd Worlds End Studios 134Lots Road London SW10 ORI, UK T +44(0)207351 4333 F +44(0)2073524729 E info@re·markable.com Re-NewWood 104 N. 8th PO Box 1093 Wagoner, OK74467, USA T +1800 4207576 F +1 9184855803 www-renewwood.corn

Re-Reluma Gmb H Bahnhofstr. 32a 09518Crossruckerswalde/ Steckewalde, Germ any T +49(0)37369 136 0 F +49 (0)37369 136 66 E reluma.t-online.de

Retail Place Ltd 34A Campden Hill Gardens London w8 7AZ, UK T +44(0)20 7727 0486 F +44(0)207221 7012 Rexam c/o Recycled UK

Gate House Castle Estate Turnp ike Road High Wycombe Buckingham shire HP123NR, UK Rexite SpA Via Edison 7 20090 Cusago Milan, Italy T +39(0)29039 0013 F +39(0)290390018 riese und muller GmbH Erbacher Strasse 1Z3 64287 Darm stadt Germ any T +49 (0)6151 424034 F +49 (0)6151 424036 E [email protected] www.r-m.de Ritter Energie und Umwelttechnik GmbH &Co. KG Ettlinger Strasse 30 76307 Karlsbad Germ any T +49 (0)7202 9220 F +49 (0)7202 922100 E ritter @ paracligma .de

www.paradigma.de

Robert Cullen & Sons Limited 10 Dawsholm Avenue Glasgow G20 OTS, UK T +44 (0)'4' 945 2222 F +44 (0)14 1 9453567 E [email protected] www.cullen-packaging.co.uk Rodman Indus tr ies PO Box 76 Marinette, WI 54143 USA T +1 7157359500 Rohner Textil AG CH 9435 Heerbru gg Switzerland T +4' (0)61 722 2218 F +4' (0)617227152 Roland Plastics Strid a Limited Wickham M arket Woodbrid ge Suffolk IP' 3 ooz, UK T +44 (0)1728747777 F +44 (0)1728748222 E stri d a@rolan dplas tics.co.u k

Rolls Royce PO Box 3' Derby Derbyshire OE24 861. UK T +44(0)1332 242424

F +44 (0)1332 249 936 www.rolls-royce.com

Ron Ink Company 200 Trade Cou rt Rochester, NY ' 4624-477' USA T +1 800833 7)83 F +1 7165293519 Rothl isberger Schreinere i AG Dorfstrasse 73 CH 3073Cumligen Switzerland T +4' (0)3' 95' 41 17 F +41 (0)3' 95' 16 52/3563 Safeglass (Europe) Ltd James Watt Building Scottish Enterpr ise Technology Park East Kilbride Glasgow G75 ooo, UK T +44 (0)1355272438 F +44 (0)' 355 272 555 E [email protected]

www.safeglass.co.uk Saitek Indus tri es Ltd 2295 Jefferson Street Torrance, CA 9°501 USA T +131 0 212 5412

F +1 310 212 0 866 E in fo@sait ekusa.com

www.sartekusa.com Sanford UK Berol House Oldmeadow Road King's Lynn Norfol k PE30 41R, UK T +44 (0)1553761221 F +44(0)1553 766534 E [email protected] SAVAWatt (UK) Ltd SAVA Building Waterloo Industrial Estate Bidford on Avon Warwickshi re 650 41H, UK T/F +44 (0)1789490 E enquirie [email protected]

www.savawatt.com

Save A Cup Recycling Company Suite 2, Bridge House Bridge Street High Wycombe Buckinghamshire HPll 2EL, UK T +44 (0)1 494510167 F +44 (0)1494 510,68 Save Wood Products Ltd Amazon Works Three Gates Road, Cowes

Isle of Wight P03' 7UT, UK T +44 (0)1983 299935 F +44 (0)1983 299069

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Schafer Werke GmbH Pfannenbergstrasse 1 57290 Neunkirchen Germany T +49 (0)2735 787 273 F +49 (0)2735787284 Eh.schlabach@ schaefer-werke.de www.schaefer-werke.de

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Schauman Wood Oy Niemenkatu 16 PO Box 203 15141 Lahti Finland T +358 2041511 3 F +358 20415 112 E sch aum anwood@

upm-kymmene.com

Scholler Textil AG Bahnhofstrasse CH 9475 Sevelen Switzerland T +4' (0)81 7860835 SciMAT Limited Dorcan 200 Mu rdock Road Dorcan Swindon Wiltsh ire SN3 SHY, UK T +44(0)1793 511 160 F +44 (0)1793 533 352 E sales @scimat.co.uk www.sci m at.co.uk

Sculptures-Jeux 18 rue Dornat 75005 Paris, France T +33 (0)1 43 5420 39 F +33 (0)1 43 548332 E sculptures.jeux@wana dooJr

sdb Industries BV PO Box 2197 5202 CD 's-Hertogenbosch Netherlands T +3' (0)7) 6333 91 33 F +3' (0)7J 63133 85 E info@sdb-ind u5tries.nl www.sdb-industries.nl Sensor Systems Watchman Shaerf Drive Lurgan, Craigavon County Arm agh Northern Ireland 6T66 8DE, UK T +44(0)1762 321 111 F +44 (0)1762 324444 E sales@s enso r·systems.com www.sensor-systems.com

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Showa Highpolymer Co. Kand a Chu o Bldg 3-20 Kanda Ni sh iki-ch o Chiyod a-ku Tokyo 101, Japan T +8, (0)332938844 F +81 (0)332330137

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Simplex Products PO Box 10 Adr ian , MI 49 221-0010 USA T +' \172638881 Simplicitas Gr evgata n 19 11 4 52 Stockho lm Swede n T +46 (0)8 66, 00 91 F +46 (0)8 661 00 97

www.simplicitas.se Skoot International Limited 24 Peartree Business Cent re Peartree Road Stanway Essex co j 5JN, UK T +44 (0)'20 6 \42 \42 F +44 (0)' 206 \42 \43 Skystreme UK Ltd 367 High Stre et Brent ford Midd lesex TW8 080, UK T +44 (0)20 8\60 6872 F +44 (0)208\698\81 E [email protected]

T +' 6\0872 1184 F +' 6\0872 118\ E [email protected]

www.plyboo.com Smith Anderson & Co . Ltd Fettykil Mills Lesli e Fife Ky6 3AQ, U K T +44 (0)' \92 746 000 Snow Finland c/o Stud io IIkka Suppan en Punavuor enkatu 1 A 7 b 00120 Hel sinki, Finland T +3\8 9 62278737 F +3\8 9 6223093 E suppane n@ko lumbus.f1

Solar Century Holdings Ltd Uni t 5 Sandycombe Centre 1-9 Sandycombe Road Rich m ond, Surrey, UK T +44 (0)870 73\ 8100 F +44 (0)8707 3\ 8'01 E [email protected]

www.solarcentry.co.uk Solar Cookers International 1919 zrs t St, Suite 101 Sacramento, CA 95814 USA T +19164\1 4498 F +' 9'64\1 4498 E sbci@igc .apc.org

www. skystreme.uk.net

hllp :j j solarceeking.org

SLI Lighting Ltd Otley Road Cha rlestown Shipley, West Yorkshire 8017 7SN,UK T +44 (0)1274 \37 777 F +44 (0)'274 \97 683

Solar Solutk -ns (UK) Ltd U nit 06 Capel Her. dre Industrial Estate Capel Hen d re Ammanford Carm arthenshir e sA,83SJ UK TjF +44 (0)1269844 670

Slough Rubber Company Ltd 441 Perth Avenue Slough Trad ing Estate Slou gh Berkshir e Sll 4TS, UK T +44 (0)17\3\70438 F +44 (0)17\3 \30 '78

www.sloughrubber.co.uk SmartDeck Systems 2600 W. Roosevelt Ro ad Chicago, Il 60608 U SA

E [email protected] www.smartdeck.com Sm ith & Fong Company Plyboo Bamboo Produ cts 601 Grandview Drive S. San Francisco, CA94080 USA

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E sunset@connect·wales.co.uk Solvay Plastiques SA Rue du Prin ce A lbert 33 1050 Brussels Belgi um T 32 (e)2 \09 6111 F 32 (0)2 \09 69 18 Sony Corporation Design Center 6-7-35 Kitashin agaw a Shin agawa-ku Tokyo '4' , Japan T +8, (0)3 \448 77\8 F +8, (0)3 \448 7822

www.sony.co.jp and www.sony.co.uk

Southampton Innovations Limited U n iversit y of South ampt on H ighfi eld, South ampto n H am psh ire S017 181, U K T +44 (0)2380\9203\ F +44 (0)2380\9 3\8\

T +' 906487 9768 F +' 9064879770

www.strandwood.com Stud io eg 2431 Peralt a Street Suite 2437A O akland , CA 946 07, USA

E [email protected] www.southam ptoninnovations

.com Soy Environmental Products, Inc . 8855 N _Black Cano n Fwy Ste 2000 Phoen ix, AZ85021, U SA T +1 602674 \100

www.soyclean.com SRAM Corporation Gl ob al H eadqu art ers 361 We st Chest nut St Chicago , Il 60 610 , USA T +13' 26648800 F +13'2 664 8826

E [email protected] or E [email protected] Staber Industries, Inc . 4800 Homer Ohi o Lane Groveport , OH 43125 USA T +' 614836 \99\ F +1 6148369\24

www.staber.com Starch Tech, Inc. 720 Flo rida Ave S. Golden Valley MN 5542 6-17° 4, USA T +' 612\4\ \400 F +1 612\4\ 94\0

E [email protected] www.starchtech.com Steelease , Inc . 6100 E Paris Ave SE Caledonia, MI 49316-9790 USA

www.steelcase.corn sTRAKA sPORTs N iebuh rstr asse 62 10 629 Berl in , Germ any T +49 (0)3°32701616 F +49 (°)3°327016 '7

E [email protected] www.ciro.de Stramit East Loop 143 Perr yton , TX79°70, USA T +1 80643\ 9303 Strandwood Molding, Inc . 53' H ighway M-26 PO Box 360 H ancock, MI 4993°-°360, USA

Styradex Plastics Recycling U nit A, Burn foo t Industrial Estate H awick T09 8Sl, UK Sun-Mar Corporation 600 M ain Stree t Tonawan d a, NY1415°-088 8 USA T +190\ 332 '3' 4 F +' 90\ 332 '3'\ E compost@s un·mar.com www.sun-mar.com

Sunways Gesellschaft fur Solartechnik mbH Ma cairestrasse 5 78467 Kons tan z, Germ any T +49 (0)7\3' 996770 F +49 (0)7\31 9967710 E [email protected]

www.sunways.de Supercool AS Banehagsgatan 1 8 4145 1 Gothenburg Sweden T +46 (0)3' 42 0\ 30 F +46 (0)31 247909

www.supercool.se Sutton Vane Associates Britannia H ou se 1 Glentho rne Road London w6 OlH , U K T +44 (0)208\639370 F +44 (0)208\63937'

www.sva.co.uk Syndesis, Inc . 2908 Color ado Ave Santa Monica CA 90403-3616, USA T +' 3'°8299932 F +1 310829 \641

www.syndestslnc.com Tectan Entwicklu ngsgesellschaft fur Verbun dm aterial D iez Gm bH Indust riest rasse ' 7-2 65582 Diez, Germ any Te isen Products Limited Bradley Green Redd itch Wo rceste rshi re 896 6RP, UK T +44 (0)1\27821488 F +44 (0)1\27821 66\

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Manufacturers and Suppliers Tekno s Tranemo AB Lim m ared svagen 2 Box 211 514 24 Tr anem o Sweden

T +46 (0))2 5707 70 F +46 (0)J25 767 54 www.teknos.se Tendo Co. Ltd 1'3.10 M id arekaw a Tendo 994 Yamag ata

Toyota (GB ) pic The Q uad rangle Redh il l Surrey RH I l PX, UK

T +44 (0)17J7 768 585 F +44 (0)17J7 771 728 www.toyota.co.uk To yota M ot or Co rpo rat ion 1 Toyota-cho 471.8571 Toyota City A ichi Prefect ure Japan

www.toyota.com

Japan

T +8' (0)2J6 5JJ' 2' F +81 (0)2J6 5JJ454 www.tendo·mokko.co.jpJ Tetrapak Ltd 1 Lo ngw alk Ro ad Stockley Park Uxbrid ge M idd lesex UB11 lDL UK

T +44 (0)870 442 6000 F +44 (0)870442 6001 www.letrapak.com Therm a-Flo at Ltd PO Box 8 Beech Lane H o use Alderly Edge Chesh ire SK9 5ES UK

T +44 (0)' 62525' 000 F +44 (0)1625 524584 E therrna-float.ltdgi dial.pipex.com

TH!NK NordicAG No rway/ Fo rd M ot o r Co m pany, USA TH IN K M ob il ity, LLC 5920 Pasteur Co u rt Carlsbad , CA920 0 8 USA WWW.thinkmobility.com

Timber Hold ings Ltd 240 0 W. Corn ell M ilwaukee, WI 532° 9 USA

9

T +' 4'4445 898 F +14' 4 445 9' 55

E [email protected] 'NWw.ironwoods.com

To nwerk Lausen AG CH4415 Lausen SWitzerl and T +4' (0)6192795 F +41 (0)6, 9279 5

Tranno n Furniture Limited Ch ilhampto n Farm Wi lton Sali sbury W ilts SP2 OAB, U K

T +44 (0)1722744577 F +44 (0)'722744 477 E [email protected] www.trannon.ca m Transform Plastics Ltd Pott er Place We st Pimbo Ind ust rial Est ate Skelme rsda le Lan cashire WN89PW UK

T +44 (0),695 51J99 F +44 (0)16955'J9J Traveller Germany c/o Feldman n & Sch ult chen 7 Tim m erm annst rasse 222 99 H am burg Ger m any

T +49 (0)40 510000 F +49 (0)405 '7000 www.fsdesign.de Trev ira GmbH & Co . KG Lyo ner Strasse 38A 60 528 Frankfu rt Germany

T +49 (0)69 J055756 F +49 (0)69 J051642 Trisit Textiltechnologie GmbH T risit Design Stutt gart er Strasse 73 73230 Kirchh eim Germ any

T +49 (0)702' 9J5175 F +49 (0)702' 9J5JJ9 E [email protected] Tro jan Battery Compan y USA T +,800 42J 6569 +1 562946 8J8,

F +1 562906 40JJ E [email protected]

www.trojanbattery.com Trusjoist MacMillan (TJM ) Cor porate H eadqu arters 20 0 East Ma llard Dr ive Bo ise, ID 8370 6 U SA

T +1208 J64 1200 F +1 208 J64 ijoo www.tj m .com

TRW Lucas Var ity Electrica l St eering (U K) c/o TRW , Inc. USA

www.trw.com Unicor Corporat ion 24 271 Larkwo od Lane Lake For est, CA92 630 U SA T +' 7'4 7708494 Un i·Solar 1110 W est M apl e Road Troy, MI 48 084 U SA

T +' 248 J62 4170 F +1 248 J62 4442 E unlsolartnfogpovonic.com www.uni-solar.com

Un iversal Master Products 23 Stat io n App ro ach H ayes, Bro m ley Kent BR2 7EQ UK

T +44 (0)20 8462 0222 F +44 (0)208462 7746 Un iversal Pulp Pac kaging M ilton of Cam ps ie Glasgow G65 8EE UK

T +44 (0)IJ60 JIO J22 F +44 (0)IJ60 Jll 975 E [email protected] www.pulppack.co.uk Urethane Soy Syste ms Company (U SSC) PO Box 569 Princeto n, IL 61356 USA

T +18885'49096 F +'8'5 64J 2998 E [email protected]

US Plastic Lumber Ltd Sm artd eck Syste ms 2600 W . Roo sevelt Road Ch icago , IL 6060 8 U SA

T +' 888 7JJ2546

E [email protected] www.smartdeck.com Uwe Brau n GmbH Herr Braun Lange Felder 19309 Lenzen (Elbe) Germ any

T +49 (0)J8792 9850

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Vaccari Lim ited 27 Prospec t Way Lap ford, Cred ito n Devo n EX1 7 6QB UK

T +44 (0)IJ6J 8J115 F +44 (0)'J6J 8J849 E [email protected]

www.vaccari.co.uk VarioPac D isc Systems GmbH H an gb aum str asse 13 32257 Bund e Germany

T +49 (0)522' 7684 '7 F +49 (0)52217684 20 www.variopac.com Varta Batteries AG/Varta AG Press and Publi c Relati on s Sven Kremser A m Leineufer 51 3°419 H anno ver Ge rm any

T +49 (0)5" 79 oJ 8 2' F +49 (0)511 79 o j 7 '7 E [email protected] www.varta.com Vau xhall Motors Limited/General Motors Griffin H o use Osborn e Road Luto n Bedfor d shire LUI 3YT UK T +44 (0)158272' 122 F +44 (0)'582427400 Velcro (USA) www .velcro.com Veloland Schweiz Sti ft un g Velola nd Schwe iz Post fach 8275 3° 0 1 Bern Switz erla nd

T +4' (0)J' J07 47 40 F +4' (o)J' J0747 48 E [email protected] Vestfrost A/S Span gsbj erg Malleve] 10 0 Po stb ox 207 9 DK·6705 Esbjerg 0 Den m ark

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Schutzenmattstr, 26 6 CH 8,80 Bul ach Sw it zerl an d T +4' (0)1 86J JJ 7J F +4' (0)1 86J J4 J5 Vision Paper see KP Produ cts Vitra (International) AG 22 KlUnenfel dstrasse CH 4127 Bir sfelden Sw it zerland T +4' (0)61J77 ' 509 F +4' (0)61 J77'5 10 E info@ vitra.com www.vitra.com VK & C Partnership 2/ 2 248 W ood land s Ro ad Gl asgow G3 6 ND, U K TfF +44 (0)141 JJ22049 Volkswagen AG Environ m ent In d ust rial Safety and Tr affi c System s Letter box 174 38436 W ol fsburg G erm any Volkswagen (UK) Yeom an s Dr ive Blakeland s Mil to n Keyne s Buckin ghamshire MK14 5AN, U K T +44 (0)1908 601777 F +44 (0)1908 66J 9J6

www.volkswagen.co.uk Vorwerk & Co . Teppichwerke GmbH & Co , KG Kulhma nst rasse 11 31785 H am eln, Germ any T +49 (0)5151IOJ 0 F +49 (0)5 IOJ J77 '5' www.vorwerk-teppich.de Wagner & Co. Solartechnik GmbH Ringstrasse 14 35°91 Col be Germ any T +49 (0)64 21 8007-0 F +49 (0)6421 8007"J Wanders Wonders BV Jacob Catskade 35 1052 BT Am sterd am N eth erland s T +Jl (0)20422 'JJ9 F +Jl (0)204227519

E [email protected] Waterfilm Energy PO Box '28 M edfo rd, NY 11763 USA T +16Jl 758627 1

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F +16Jl 75804J8 EGFX·C [email protected]

www.ofkos.cc mjgfx Waterless UK Ltd 6 Blado n Clo se Woodstock Road O xfo rd O xfo rd shire OX28AD, UK

www.waterless.co.uk Water Tech Industries 12665 N E Marx Street Po rt land , OR9723°, USA T +18882548412 +150J 2548412 F +150J 261 9118 E marketing@watertech ,com

www.watertech.com Wellman, Inc. 2'2 7th St Jersey City, NJ 0 7302 USA E [email protected]

E [email protected] www.wellmanwlm.com Werth Forsttechnik Reidelb ach 22 66687 W adern Germ any T +49 (0)68 712029 F +49 (0)68 715555

E ww@werth-weihnachtswelt .de

www.werth-weihnachts-welt.de Werzalit AG + Co. Ger ma ny see Inka Pressw ood Pallets Wettstein , Robert A Josefstr. 188 CH 8005 Zur ich Switzerland T +4' (0)1272972 5 F +4' (0)1 27207 17 Wharington International Ply Ltd 48 -50 H argreaves St reet H un tingd ale Victoria 3166 Au st ralia T +61 (0)J 954455Jl F +61 (O)J954J1907

E [email protected] www.wharington.com.au Whirlpool see Jam Design & Co m mu nicatio ns Wiggly Wigglers Low er Blakem ere Farm Blakemere H erefo rdshire HR2 9px, U K

T (Freephone. UK only) 0800216990 F +44 (0)1981 500108 www.wigglywigglers.co.uk Wilde & Spieth GmbH & Co Zep peli nst r. 126 73730 Esslingen am Ne ckar, Germany T +49 (0)711 J19710 F +49 (0)711 J17111 Wilkhahn + Hahne GmbH Po stfach 20 35 31844 Bad Mu nder Germ any

a ce.

T +49 (0)5042 9990 F +49 (0)5042 999 226 E [email protected]

www.wilkhahn.com Willamette Europe Ltd roth Floo r Maitland Ho use Wa rrio r Square Sou th end -on-S ea Essex 55' 21Y, U K T +44 (0) 1702 619044

www.willamette-europe.com Willat Writing Instruments 8548 Wa shington Blvd Cul ver Cit y, CA9° 232 U SA T +1 310 202 6000 F + 1 310 202 0405

www .sensa.cc m

Willow Bank , The PO Box 17 Ma chyn ll et h Powys SY20 8WR, U K T +44 (0)1686 4JO 510 www.tefecerure.ccm jw rllow; Bankfwillowap.htm WKR Altkunststoffproduk· tions- u, Vertriebsgesell. schaft mbH

Entenpfuhl io 67547 Wo rms . Germa ny T +49 (0)6241 4J451 F +49 (0)6241 49579 E [email protected] Wood notes Oy T allber ginkatu 8 0 0180 H el sinki Fin land T +J58 694 2200 F +J58694 2221

E woodnotes@woodn otes. r. www.woodnotes.f ww.modcons U nits zb-c Va ngu ard Co urt 36 Peckham Road

Lo nd o n SE5 8QT, UK T +44 (0)2077084154 Xerox Corporation 800 Lo ng Rid ge Ro ad Stam fo rd , CT0690 4 USA T (Freephone, US only) +1800 JJ4 6200 www. xerox.com

Xerox (UK) Ltd Bridge H o use Uxbr idge Middlesex us8 l HS, U K T (Freephone. UK only) 0800 787787 www.xerox.co.uk XO RN '9 77' 70 Servo n France T +JJ (0)1 60 6260 60 F +JJ (0)1 60 62 60 62 X02 Limited (Trading as Exosect) Ad minis tr at ion Bu ild ing (SIL) Un iver sit y of So uthampto n

Highfield Southa mpto n Ham pshi re 5017 ' SI, UK E info@e xosectuk.com www .exosect uk.com

Vemm & Hart Ltd Gr een M ateria ls RR1 Box '7 3 Marquand, MO 63655. USA T +157J 78J 5454 F +157J78J 7544

E [email protected] www.yemmhart.com YKK Architectural Products, Inc. 1, Kanda lzu m i-ch o Chiyod a-ku To kyo 101-00 24 Japan T +81 (o)J J6258844 F +81 (o)J 56108199 Zanotta SpA Via Vitto rio Veneto 57 2005 4 Nova M ilan ese (M i) Italy T +J9 (0)J62 J68 JJO F +J9 (0)J62 45' oJ8

E [email protected] Zanussi see Elect rol ux Zimmerei Michael Kaufmann see KFN Kaufm ann Prod u kt GmbH

Eco-Oesign Strategies The design strategies described witheach product in Objects for Livingand Objectsfor Working arelisted below. They are grouped according to one offive lifecycle pha,ses - "". production, including materials selection; manufactunng/ making/fabrication; distribution/ transportation; functionality and use; and disposal/end.of life. Other strategies that do not easily fit into thisproduct lifecycle are described underthe heading Miscellaneous, Extended descriptions of eachdesign strategy aregiven where appropriate, Reference should also be made to the Glossary ofeeo-design terms (p. 339) , PRE-PRODUCTIO N PHASE

Anti-fashion - a design

that avoids temporary, fashionable styles, Anti-obsolescence - a design

that is easily repaired, maintained and upgraded so it is not made obsolete with changes in technology or taste, Dematerialization - the

process of converting products into services, Agood example of dematerialization through timeshare of a product is a local community sharing a car ' pool' in which allindividualshave the opportunity to use/h ire a car when needed rather than own a car that stands idle for a large part of its life, Other examples include digital cameras where silver halidefil m is replaced by CCD chips, dematerializing part of the consumables cycle, Designing products used in the context of a dematerialized service may place unusual constraints On the design such as concentration on

maintenance and longevity of parts, Open accessdesign - design

that allows other designers to see how software hardware and other '

electronic products are coded and constructed, Product take-back - a system under which manufacturers agree to take back a product when it has reached the end of its useful life so that components and/or materials can be reused or recycled (see also Producer respons ibility). This can fundamentally change the essence of the design and engage the designer in examining design for assembly (OfA), disassembly (DfD)and reman ufacture, Reusable product- a product

that can be reused at the end of its initial lifespan for an identical, similar or new use. Universaldesign- the

application of widely accepted practices, components, fixtures, materials and technologies suitable for a wide range of end-uses, PRE-PRODUCTION: MATERIALS SELECTION

Abundantmaterialsfrom the llthospherergecsphere -

inorganic materials, such as stone, clay, minerals and metals from the earth's crust. Biodegradable - decom-

posed bythe action of microbes such as bacteria and fungi, Biopolymers- plastics made

from plants, Biopolymers can be composted and returned to nature. Certifiedsources - materials

that are independently certified as originating from sustainablymanaged resources, from recycled materials or conforming to a national or international eco-Iabel. Compostable - can be

decomposed by microbes such as bacteria and fungi to release nutrients and organic matter.

Durable/extremelydurable-

tough, strong materials that do not break or wear and survive the life of the product or well beyond, Lightweight - materials with

a high strength-to-weight ratio.

Locally sourced materials are

those in close proximity to the point of manufacturing or production, Non-toxic/Non-hazardous -

not likely to cause loss of life or ill health to man and/or degradation of living ecosystems, Reclaimed - materials

saved for reuse on demolition of the built environment. Recyclable components -

components of products that can be used in a new product. Recyclate - material that has

been made into a new material comprising wholly or partially recycled materials, An alternative term is 'recycled feedstock', Recycled - materials that

have been processed (such as cleaned, graded, shredded, blended), then remanufactured Recycled content - materials

that include some recycled and some virgin content. If a material has 100 per cent-recycled content, it is a recycledmaterial. Renewable - a material that

can be extracted from resources which absorb energy from the sun to synthesize or create matter. These resources include primary producers, such as plants and bacteria, and secondary producers, such as fish and mammals, Singleor mono-materials -

consist of pure materials rather than mixtures, This facilita tes recycl ing, Stewardship sourcing -

materials from certified sources and supplychain management.

Supply-chain management (greenprocurement) is the

process of specifying that the goods/mate rials of suppliers meet minimum environmental standards. The specification may be that the goods will come from certified sources (e.g. the Forest Stewardship Council, national or international ceo-labels]. carry recognized accreditation (e.g, ISO 14001, EMAS) or meet trade association standards (e.g. National Association of Paper Manufacturers' recycledpaper logo in the UK) , Sustainable/from sustainable sources -

materials that originate from managed resources which are forecast to last for a verylong time and/o r are renewable resources (see above), Waste materials- materials

fabricated from production (factory) or consumer waste, MANUFACTURING/MAKING/ FABRICATION PHASE

Production processes Avoidanceoftoxic/ hazardous substances -

avoiding substances liable to damage human health and living ecosystems, Bio-rnanufacturing- using nature to help fabricate products in situ, For example, 'manufacturing' natural gourds bytraining them in specialshapes for later use as packaging; growing plants to produce biopolymers (natural plastics), Clean production systems are

put in place to reduce the impact of manufacturing goods byminimizingthe production of waste and emissions to land, air and water. Closed-loop recycling (see below) technologies are often incorporated into clean production.

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Closed-loop recycling/ production is the process of introducing waste streams back into the manufacturing process in a continuous cycl e without loss of waste from that cycle. The textileand chemical industries often recycle chemical compounds used in processing their endproducts, resulting in cleaner production. Cold fabricatiommanufacturing - methods that require no heat or pressure and hence reduce energy consumption and facilitate disassembly. Design for assembly (DfA) is a method of rationalizing and standa rdizing parts to facilitate the fixi ng together of components during production or manufacture. Design for disassembly (DID)is a method of designing products to facili tate cost-effective, non-destructive breakdown of the component parts of a product at the end of its life so that they can be recycled and/or reused. Efficientuse of raw and manufactured materials reducing materials used and minimizing waste production. Lightweight construction reducing materials used but maintaining strength. Low-energy manufacturing/ production/construction techn iques/assembly reducing the energy required to make components and/ or products. Reduced resource consumption - reducing materials used, especially raw materials extracted from the environment. Reduction in use of consum ables - reducing consumables used during the manufacturing process. Reduction in materials usage - effic ient use of materials

compared with conventional/traditional designs Reduction of production waste is achieved by more effi cient designs and/or manufacturing processes. Reusable buildings demou ntable, modular buildings, which can be transported and reassembled in new locations. Self-assembly - the final

assembly is done by the consumer, thereby saving energyin the fabrication process. Simple, low-cost const ruction - manufacturing with simple, inexpensivexooling and low-energy processes. Zero waste production - the elimination of waste from the production process.

Recycling and reuse Design for recyclability (DfR) is a design philosophy that tries to maximize positive environmental attributes of a product, such as ease of disassembly, recyclability, m aintena nce, reu se

or refurbishment, without compromising the product's functionality and performance. Design for recycling (DfR) considers the best methods to improve recycling of raw materials or components by facilitating asse mblyand disass embly, ensuring that materials are not mixed and appropriately labelling materials and components. Materials labelling assists with improved identificationof materials for recycling. Materials recycled at sou rce - use of office, factoryor domest ic waste to make new products in situ. Reuse of end-of-life components (remanufacturing) - taking back worn-

out or old components/ products and refurbishing them to an 'as-new' standard for resale. Reuse of materials reusing materials without changing their original state. By comparison, recycling involves some reorganization or partial destruction of the material followed by reconstitution. Reuse of redundant components - components formally manufactured for another use are re-employed in a new product. Re-used objects - any complete object reused in a new product. Single material compone nts - components made of one material (a monomaterial component). Use of ready-madesjreadymade components components made for one product reapplied to a new or different type of product. DISTRIBUTION/TRANSPORTATION PHASE

Flat-pack products products that can be stored nat to maximize use of transport/storage space. Lightweight products products that have been designed to be lightweight, yet retain full functionality, and as a result require less energy to trans port. Reduced energy use during transport/reduction in transport energy - this can be achieved by careful design of products to maximize packing per unit area and minimize weight per product. Reusable packaging packaging that can provide protection on more than one trip. Self-assembly - designs that are assembled by the consumer, therefore saving valuable space in transport and storage.

FUNCTIONALITY AND USE PHASE

Socially beneficial designs Alternative modes of transport for improved choice of mobility - reduces dependency on high. environmental·impact products such as the car and affords improved mobility options for minoritygroups, such as the disabled. An aid to reduce population growth - helps keep the balance between population and resource availability and so slows environmental degradation, social exclusion and other problems. Community ownership encourages group rather than individual ownership and so improves the efficiencyof product usage. Design for need - A concept that emerged in the '9 70S and was promoted by exponents such as the design academic Victor Papanek and by a landmark exhibition at the Royal College of Art, Londo n, in ' 976. Design for need concentrates on design for social needs rather than for creating 'lifestyle' products. Emergency provision/ distribution of clean, safe water products designed to reduce human mortality and disease. Encourages recycling products designed to facilitate recycling. Equal access for public services - products to enable minority groups, such as the disabled, full access to public services, such as transport. Hire rathe r than ownership products designed for hire rather than for personal ownership, receiving more efficient and economical use.

Eco-Design Strategies

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Recycling and reduction of waste production Recyclablepackaging/ containers - packaging and containers made of materials that can be recycled. Reduction in use of consumables - products that reduce the use of consumable s such as paper, inks, batteries, oils and detergents. Reusable packaging/ containers - packaging and containers that can be reused for repeat trips.

Designs to improve water usage Water conservation products that reduce water usage, and/o r facilitate water collection. Water generation (freshwater) - products that generate fresh water from contaminated surface or ground water, seawater or water-saturated air. DISPOSAL/END-OF-L1FE PHASE

Conservation oflandfill space - products that decompose to release landfill space or products that can be reycled,reused or remanufactured to avoid being landfilled. Encouraging local compost ing/local biodegradation of waste - products that can be locallydecomposed by the owner, so saving on the transport energy of waste collection and landfill space. Product ta ke-back - a system under which manufacturers agree to take back a product when it has reached the end of its useful life so that components and/or materials can be reused or recycled (see also Producer responsibility).This can fundamentally change the

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essence of the design and engage the designer in examining design for assembly (DfA), disasse mbly (DfD) and remanufacture. Recycling- products that are designed to be easily recycla ble by being made of single materials or by being easily disassembled into mate rials or components which can be recycled.

Remanufacture products that are easily disassembled for refurbishmen t to remanufacture new products. Reuse - products that are easily reused for the same or a new purpose or are easily disassem bled for the components and/o r materials to be reused. MISCELLANEOUS STRATEGIES

Certification of products (see also Green Organizations, P·33 1)

Eco-Iabels - labels attached to products which confirm that the manufacturers conform to independently certified sta ndards in terms of reduced environme ntal impacts. Independently certified labels - a varietyof labels applied to products which signifythat the products meet specificcriteria for reduced environmental impacts, inclusion of recycled materials, and/ or materials/products from sustainable sources.

Environmental management and business systems Corporate environmental policy - a written statement defining a company's position on the environment with an ongoing audit of progess over time. Existence of a corporate environmental policyusuallyindicates

inclusion of environmental management systems and/o r the use of basic ecodesign strategies in everyday business. Eco Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) - an independent lycertified environmental management system, which operat es in the European Union. Certification is awarded by national bodies in individual EU countr ies verifiedby the EMAS organization. ISO 14001 - an international standard for environmental managemen t schemes maintained by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in Geneva, Switzerland. New standards are emerging for lifecycle assess ment (ISO 14 040 ) and eco-Iabelling and environ mental labels (draft ISO 140Z1). ISO gool - an international standard for quality assurance maintained by the International Sta ndards Organization (ISO) in Geneva, Switzerland. Certification is granted by independent national organizations accredited by the ISO.

Biodiversity Animal-friendly products products that are manufactured without harm to animals. Encouragement of conserva tion and biodiversity products that assist in promoting conservation and diversityas a result of a corporate environmental or supp ly-chain managem ent policy or by sourcing materials from habitats managed to maintain diversity. Protection against soil erosion - products used to avoid or reduce soil erosion bywater or wind.

Protection of fish stocks _ products used to enhance the survivalof fish stocks.

Green Organizations ACADEM IC AND RESEARCH Centre fo r Design at Royal Melbourne Inst it ute of Technology (RMIT) GPO Box 247 6V Melbourne Victoria 3001, Australia E john .gertsakis@r m it.edu.au

www.cfd.rrnit.edu.au Centre fo r Envi ronm enta l Assessme nt of Prod uct and Material Syst em s (CPM) Chalmers Un iversity of Technology Gothenburg, Sweden T +46 (0)3' 772 5640 F +46 (0)31 772 5649 E Christian Nan ji

[email protected] www.cpm.chalmers.sej Centre for Sust ai nable Design Surrey In stitute of Art & Design Farnham , Surrey, UK T +44 (0) 1252 892 772 F +44 (0)1252 892 747

[email protected]

www.cfsd.org.uk Consortium on C reen Design and Manufactu ri ng (CC DM) Civil and Environment al Engineering Depart m ent 2158 M cLaughlin Hall Un iversity of California at Berkeley Berkeley. CA 94720-1712 USA http:// greenmfg.me.berkeley.edu/ green2/ Home/ lndex.hlml DEMI- Design for the Environment Multimedia Implementat io n Project c/o Depart m ent of Design Studies Golds m iths College 13 Laurie Gro ve New Cross London SE14 6NW. UK T +44 (0)20 79'9 7788 E [email protected] www.demLorg.uk DEMI is 0 consortium of

institutions comprising CTf Art <J[ Design, the Design Council. Fa lmouth College of Arts, Forum for the Futu re. Goldsmiths College (lead institution). the Open University. the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufacturing and Business. Surrey Institute of

Art and Designand the University of Brighton. The aim of the DEMI project is to create a multimedia design and environmental teaching and learningresourcefor higher education. It is funded by HEFCE. the Higher Education Funding Councils for England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Design Academy Eindhoven

Emmasingel ia

Environment Conscious Design and Manufacturing Lab (ECDM) Dep artme nt of Ind ust rial & M anufactur ing System s Engineering University of Windsor . Canada http:// ie.uwindsor.ca/ imse/ peopl ejecdm.hst.html European Design Centre PO Box 6279 5600 HG Eindh oven Net herlands

PO Box 2125 560 0 CC Eindhoven Nether land s

T +3' (0)402393009 F +3' (0)4023939'0 E [email protected]

T +3' (0)402393939 F +3' (0)40 2393940 E [email protected]

www.edc.nl

www.designacademy.nl Design for Environment Research Croup (Dfe) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Design and M anufacture M anchester M etro pol itan University John Dalton Building Cheste r Street Manc hester Ml 5GD. UK E N .Caluwe@mm u.ac.uk

[email protected] http:// sunl.mpce.stu.mmu.ac.u k/pages/projects/dfe/dfe.html Design for Sustainability Program TU Delft Subfaculty of Industrial Design Engineer ing )affala an 92628 BX Delft Netherlands T +3' (0)'52782738 F +3' (0)152782956 www.io.tudelfl.nl/ research/dfs/ index.html Designit ion Design Faculty Un iversity of Kingston Knights Park Kingsto n-upon-Thames Surrey KT1 201.UK T +44 (0 )20 8547 7165 F +44 (0)208547 7365 E [email protected] www.designition.org EcoD esign C@mpus Coordinator. Luigi Bistanino Politecnico di Tor ino Tur in. Italy E [email protected] www.ecodesigncampus.com

Promotes high-quality integrated product development by provision of educational facilities. a databaseand support for engineers, product designe rsand industrialists. Inst it ut e for Engineering Design - Aus tria n Ecodesign Information Poi nt Aust rian M inistry o f Transport . Innovation and Tech nol ogy wit h the Vienna University of Technology Austria www.ecodesign.atjecodesign_engj Instit ute for Sustainable Design Campbell Hall Un iversity of Virg in ia PO Box 400122 Charlottesville VA 22904-4122 USA T +1804 924 6454 F +1804 982 2678 E [email protected] www.virginia.edu Inte rduct /C lean Techn ology Inst it ute (CTI) Delft University of Technology Netherlands www.interduct.tudelft.nl IVA M Enviro nm ent al Research University of Amsterda m 1001 ZB Am sterdam Netherlands T +3' (0)20 5255080 F +3' (0)205255850 [email protected] www.ivambv.uva.nl

ARCHITECTURE .j>.

American Institut e of Architects 1735 New York Avenue N W Washingto n. DC 2000 6 USA T +1 2026267300

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The AlA publishes the Environmental Resou rce Guide. in cooperation with the

US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). which includes articles and case studies of the environmental impacts and resource issuesfor different buildingmethods and materials. Association for Environment Conscious Building (AECB) PO Box 32, Llandysu l Carmar thenshire SA44 5EI . UK E adm in @aecb.net

www.aecb.net Center of Excellen ce for Susta ina ble Development: Affo rdable Ho using (USA)

www.eren.doe.gov/ buildings

Jumping·offpointfor information on green housing and building, including the Energy Efficiencyand Renewable Energy Network (EREN) 'Buildings of the 21st Century'. Office of Building Technology, Stateand Community Programs. Centre for Alternative Technology Mach ynlleth Powys SY20 9AZ . UK T +44 (0)1654 702 400 F +44 (0)1654 702 782 E [email protected] www.cat.org.uk Established in 1975os a

resource centreto encourage a more ecological way of living. CATnow offers substantive physical evidence of waysin whichbuildings. renewable-energytechnology and wastewater treatment can reduce environmental impacts. CAThas also published extensive DIY and professional guides on all aspects of low·impact technology.

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Centrefor Sustainable Construction (CSC)

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BRE - Build ing Research Establishm ent G arsto n, Wat for d H ert for dshire, WD2 7JR, UK T +44 (0)192) 664000 T (Howard at esC) +44 (0)192) 664462 E [email protected] www.bre.co.ukfsustainablej ind ex.html

Community Eco-Design Network (CEN) PO Box 6241 Mi nneapo lis, MN 554 0 6 USA T +1612722)260 E [email protected]

Scott Sut herland School of A rchitectu re Facu lty of Design The Rob ert Go rdon U niversity Garthdee Road Ab erde en AB9 2QB, U K T +44 (0)1224 26) 713 F +44 (0) 122426) \)\ E f.steve [email protected]

www.rgu.ac.ukrsubpeccldesj

www.usgbc.org

ASSOCIATIONS - ECODESIGN , GREEN DESIGN, DIE

Alternative Technology Association PO Box 20 01 Lygo n St North Bru nsw ick Victo ria 3° 57, Au str ali a T +61 (0)) 9)88 9)11 F +6' (0)) 9)88 9)22 E [email protected] www .ata.org.au

The Brit ish Scho o l Siad Road , Stroud Gl o ucester sh ire Gl5 1QW, U K T +44 (0)14\) 76\ \7\

F +44 (0)14\37\9 211 www.edaweb.org

Ecodesign Foundation PO Box 369, Roz ell e NSW 2039, Australi a T +61 (0)2 9\\\ 9412 F +61 (0)29\\\ 9\64 E [email protected]

www.edf.edu.au

edgr.htm

Environmental Design Research Association (EDRA) PO Box 7'46 Edm o nd , OK 73083-7'46 USA T +140\ 3304863

F +140\ 33041\0 E edra@telepath,com www,telepath.comfedrafhome,html Founded in 1968 far the

advancement of the art and science of environmental design research to improve the understanding af interrelationships between peopleand their built and naturalsurroundings, Royal Institute of British

Architects 66 Po rtland Place Lond on W1 N 4AD, U K T +44 (0)20 7\80 \\3)

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E [email protected]

www.architecture.com

US Green Building Council 90 New Montgomery St Suite 1001

@

F +12024299\74 E [email protected]

EcoDesign Association

www.cedn.org

Ecological Design Group, The

F +44 (0)207\80

San Francisco , CA 94105 U SA T +1 202429208,

EcoDesign Resou rce Society 20 1,225 Sm ithe Street Vancouver Be V6B 4X7. Canada E [email protected] www.ecc design.bc.caj

0 2 Network c/o Ne therlands Design Institute Keizersgracht 609 1017 DS Am sterda m Net herl and s

www.cz.org

02 Networkcoordinates participating 02 groups in sixteen countries sharing information and promoting discussion about ecodesign and sustainabledesign in orderto integrate sustainability into the design process, Scottish EcoDesign Association (SEDA) The M o nastery Ed inbu rgh EH1 3RG, U K T +44 (0)1) 1 \\72\00 F +44 (0)1)1\\7 2870

E [email protected] E [email protected] www.inverarc.co.u kj sedar

Society for Responsible Design (SRD) PO Box 288, Leichhar dt NSW 20 40, Au st ralia T +61 (0)2 9\ 64 0721 F +61 (0)29\64 1611 E [email protected] www.green.net.auf srd/

AWARDS

Design Preis Schweiz c/ o Design Cent er Po st fach 1619 CH 4 90 1 Langent hal Sw itz erla nd T +4' (0)6292) 0) 33

F +4' (0)629 23 16 22 E [email protected]

www.designNet.ch

DesignSense c/o Desig n Mu seum 28 Shad Thame s Lo nd o n SE1 2YD, U K T +44 (0)2079408790 F +44 (0)2073786\40 www.designmuseum.org Launched in 1999, this

award probably offersthe best prize money in the world, a total of [40,000 to the winnerJ or the mast outstanding sustainable building or product, Twelve designs areshortlisted, six architecturalprojects and six products, Design Sense is co-ordinated by the Design Museum and is supported by the Rufford Foundation with spansorship from Corus pic, the European metals producer, and The Gu ard ian newspaper, Good Design AwardEcology Design Prize Japan Ind ustrial Design Pro m ot io n O rgan izat ion (JIDPO) G-Mark D ivision 4th Floor Annex Wo rld Trade Center Build ing 2-4-1 H arn arnatsu-cho Minato-ku , To kyo 105 Japan T +81 (0)) )4) \ \6 26

F +8' (ol) 3432 7346 E g,mark@jidpo,or.jp www,jidpo.or.jpf gdaf index,html

The Good Design Selection System, with its G'Mark logofor winning products, was launched in '957 and became the Goad Design Awardfrom April ' 998, Product categoriesare wide,ranging and attract thousands of entrantsfrom Japan and the international designcommunity, A special category, the Ecology Design Prize, is awarded to products with reduced impact on the environment, Industrie Forum Design Hannover (iF)

Messegelande 30521 H ann over Germany T +49 (0)\ 11 89 32400

F +49 (0)\1189 32 401 E [email protected] www.ifdesign.de

This is one of the most prestigiousannual designawards in Germany, Categories include a special Ecology Design Awardand Interaction Design Award as wellas mare traditional themes such as Product Design Awardsfor office, business, communications, home, household, lighting, consumer electronics, lifestyle, publicdesign, packaging design, textile design, building technology, industry, transport, medical and leisure, Winners of the Ecolagy Design Award are selected from any of the subcategories in the competition, International Design Resource Awards (lORA) Design Resource Institute 7406A Greenwood Ave nue Seattle, WA98177, USA T +' 2062890949

F +1206789) 144 E 10hnsonDesignStudio@ compuserve.com www.designresource.org

Now in its sixth year, the lORAcompetition requires that entrieshave a high degree of past-consumer recycled or sustainably hanvested materials and demonstrate added valueas a result, be designed for

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future reuse orrecycling and be suitablefor commercial production. RIBA Susta inability Award 2 000 RIBA Journal 2 Harbour Exchange Square London SE14 2EG, UK www .ribaawards.co.uk

BUSINESS AND THE ENVIRONMENT Enviro SenSe US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) http://es.epa.gov A government webresource

for pollution prevention, compliance assurance, enforcement information and databases. Global Futu res Foundati on and The Future 500 801 Crocker Road Sacramento, CA 95864 USA T +19,6 4865999 F+1 916 4865998 Einfor@globalfforg www,globalff.org! Internation al Institute of Sustain able Development (IISD) Head Office 161 Portage Avenue East 6th floor Winnipeg Manitob a R3B OY4, Canada T +1 204 958 7700 F+1 2049587710 [email protected] http:/ / iisd.ca/ National Centre for Business and Sustainabil ity The Peel Building University of Salford Greater Manchester M54WT, UK T +44 (0)161295 5276 F+44(0)1612955041 [email protected] www.thencbs.co.uk World Business Council for Sustainable Development 160, Route de Florissant Conches, CH 1231 Geneva SWitzerland T +41 (0)228393100 F+41(0)228393131 [email protected] WWW,wbcsd.ch

CERTIFICATION, ECO-LABELS AND ENERGY LABELS Brit ish Standards Institute BSI Quality Assurance 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 .jAl , UK T +44 (0)20 8996 9000 F+44(0)20 89969001 [email protected] www.bs;·global.com Certified Forest Products Council 14780 SW Osprey Drive Suite 285, Beaverton OR 97007, USA T +1 5035906600 F +15035906655 E [email protected] www.certifiedwood.org Established in 1997, the

Certified Forest Products Council isan independent, notfor-profit, voluntary business initiativecommitted to encouraging responsible forest management and the manufacture of environmentally responsible forest products in North America. The CFPC endorses the 'well-managed' standards defined by the Forest Stewardship Council. Membersinclude suppliers, manufacturers, specifiers and individuals,

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Duales System Deutschland AG - The Green Dot (Der Grune Punkt) Frankfurter Strasse720-726 51145 Cologne (Porz Eil) Germany T +49 (0)22039370 F+49(0)2203 937190 [email protected] www.gruener-punkt.de Founded in 1990, this non-

profitorganization administers Der Grune Punkt (the Green Dot) packaging recycling scheme to complywith the 1991 German Packaging Ordinance. Any packaging markedwith the Green Dot is acceptable for recycling. All typesof packagingare accepted includingglass, wood, ceromics.Ierrous and

nonferrousmetals, plastics and paper. This scheme is now licensed to a numberof organizationsin other EU countries- the ARASystem (Austria), Ecoembalajes Espana (Spain), FaST Plus (Belgium), Repak Ltd (UK) , Sociedade Ponto Verde SA (Portugal) and VALORLUX asbl (Luxembourg). EMAS Eco-Management and Audit Scheme Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Zone 6/ ElO Ashdown House 123 Victoria Street London SWI E6DE UK T +44(0)2078903052 F+44 (0)2078906559 www.defr.gov.ukjenvironment Igreening/emas/emashome.htm EMAS, EU The EMAS Help Desk The European Commission Brussels, Belgium http:/ /europa.int.eu/comm/ environmentjemas

EU Energy Label Schemel The Save Programme European Commission Brussels, Belgium http:/ /europa.eu.inl /comm/ energy!tibrary! save2000.pdf

J;;S FSC

FSCForest Stewardsh ip Counci l, UK UK Working Group Unit D, Station Building L1 anidloes sn8 6EB, UK T +44(0)1686 413916 F+44 (0)1686 412 176 E [email protected] www.fsc-uk.demon.co.uk Founded in 1993, the

Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is an independent, non-profit, non-governmental organization, which is responsiblefor administering, monitoring and tracking a programme to certifY timber produced from well-managed woodlands and labelling for products originating

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from suchtimber. It is an internationalprogramme implemented by independent organizationsthat areevaluated, accredited and monitored by the FSC. In the UKthe SoilAssociation Woodmark Schemeand the SGS Forestry QUAL/ FOR Programme areboth accredited. Otheraccredited organizationsinclude the Rainforest Alliance SmartWoodPragram and Scientific Certification SystemsForest Conservation Program (USA) , Silva Forest Foundation (Canada), Skal (Netherlands) and the Institutfur Marktokologie [Switzerland] , In the Directory of FSC Endorsed Forests Worldwide, Spring 2000, a total of 234 forests

covering millions of hectares were certified in temperate, subtropical and tropical regions spanning thirtyf our countries. A companion Directory of Manufactu rers of FSC Endorsed Products WorldWide, Spring 2000,

includes 825 manufacturers from forty-three countries. Products include sawn timber, veneers andfinished products. Thechainof custody is also inspected by the FSC, ensuring that the endorsement with the FSC logo is not abusedby agents, distributors, wholesalers or retailers. The extent of manufacturers' certification is most advanced in the Netherlands (seventyjive manufacturers), the UK (158) and the USA (185). FSCForest Stewardship Council , USA 1155 30th Street NW Suite 300 Washington, DC 20007 USA T +1877 372 5646 (loll free) F +12023426589 E [email protected] www.fscus.org Global Ecolabelling Netwo rk (GEN) GEN Secretariat

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issue eco-Iabels but keeps the most up-to-date list of all eco-Iabelling organizations worldwide on its website and details of the type of products and materials currently covered. GEN links directly with most ecolabelling organizations' websites. Group for Efficient Appliances (GEA)

www.gealabel.org/

An association of energy labelling authorities in European countries (includes Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Sweden, Netherlands and Switzerland), the European Energy Netwark and the EuropeanAssociation of Consumer Electronics Manufacturers (EACEM) . Labels areavailable for a range of electronic equipmentfrom PCs to TVs. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Central Secretariat 1 Rue de v arern be Case posta Ie 56 CH lZ11 Geneva zo Swit zerland T +4' (0)22 7490111 F +4' (0)227 33 34 30 E cent [email protected] h

www .iso.ch

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i~:; National Association of Paper Merchants (NAPM) Hamilton Court Gogmore Lane, Chertsey Surre y KT16 9AP, UK T +44 (0)1932 569797 F +44 (0)1932 569749 E [email protected]

www.napm.org.uk

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NAPM-approved recycled paperand boards are guaranteedto containa minimum of 75 per centrecycledfibre contentfrom genuinepaperand board waste, not mill waste. Pan European Forest Certification (PEFC) PEFC Coun cil asbl zerne Etage 17 Rue des G iron di ns L-16 z6 Merl-Hollerich Luxem bo urg T +352 (0)262590 59 F +352 (0)26259258 E [email protected]

whichencourages environmentallyand socially responsibleforestry management. SmartWood has certified up to one hundredoperations worldwide, which produce a wide rangeof certified lumber and products. The Forest Stewardship Council has accredited SmartWood for its certifica tion offorestry operations. The SmartWood Rediscovered Program certifies salvaged or recycled woodfrom demolished buildings or waste sources.

www.pefc.org

The PEFC is a new scheme initiated by the private forestrysector. Forests (and theirtimber and wood productoutput) arecertified by independent auditors to be managed in accordance with the Pan European Criteria on the Protection of Forests in Europe, which wereresolved at the Helsinki and Lisbon Ministerial Confe rencesin 1993 and 1998. It is a scheme that offers a common European framework, in contrast to the FSC scheme, whichis appliedtoforests worldwide.

~ ReSy GmbH Po st fach 101541 64Z15 Darm stadt, Germany T +49 (0)615192 94 22 F +49 (0)615192 94522

www.resy.dejind-eng.htm

This company certifies that the content of paper and corrugated boardpackaging is suitablefor recyclingin the German paperindustry. The ReSylogo is used with the international recycling logo af the Mabius loop. SmartWood® Program Rainforest Alliance 65 Bleecker Street New Yo rk, NY 100 12, USA

T +1212677 '900

www.smartwood.org and www.rainforest-alliance.org

SmartWood is a program of the Rainforest Alliance®

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Soil Association Bristol House 40-56 Victoria Street Bristo l BSI 6BY,UK T +44 (0)117929 0661 F +44 (0)1179252504 E in fo@ soilassoc iatio n.o rg www.soilassociation.org

WoodMark is the name of the Soil Association's internationalforestry and chain of custodyscheme. The Soil Association is an accredited organization to the Forest Stewardship Council and is permitted to inspect and certifY forests and their products as sustainably managed under the FSC scheme. It is also the leading organization in the UK that independently certifiesfarm produce as being organicallygrown and certified to bear the Soil Association logo. US EPA Energy Star Office Equipment USA E [email protected]

www.energystar.gov

Energy Starlabelsfor olfice equipment, buildings and more.

ECOMATERIALS Alternative Crops Technology Interaction Network (ACTIN) Pira House l.eatherhead, Surre y, UK T +44 (0)13728020\4

F +44 (0)1372802245 E info@ actin.co.uk

www.actm.co.uk ATHENA'M Sustainable Materials Institute Canada E wbtru [email protected] and E jkmei l @ fox.nst n.ca

www .athenas m i.ca

BioComposites Centre, T he U niversit y of Wal es Bangor Gwynedd LL57 ZUW, UK T +44 (0)1248370 588 F +44 (0)1248370594

E [email protected] www .bc. bangor.ac.uk

Specializes in industrial contract research on the processing of woodand plant materials tofacilitate the production of new materials. Building Research Establishment (UK) www .bre.org.uk

The BREholds the National Database of Environmental Profilesfor a wide range of common building and construction materials. These Environmental Profiles document the material's inputs, outputs and lifecycle assessment, enabling architects and theirclients, specifiers and manufacturersto assess the impacts of different materials. Full access to the database is subject to afee. Carbohydrate Economy Clearinghouse, The clo The In st itute fo r Loca l Self-Reliance 1313 5th Street SE M in neapoli s, MN 55414 -154 6 USA T +1612 3793815 F +1612379 3920 E [email protected]

www.carbohydrateeconomy.org Center for Environmentally Appropriate Materials Department of Work Enviro n m ent Un iversit y o f Massachusetts Lowell One Un iver sity Avenue Lowell, MA 01854. USA T +1 978 934 3250 F +19784525711 E Director , Dr Ken Geiser: kgeiser@tu rLo rg

Green Organizations y/ww.uml.eduf DeptfWEfcenters. htm certified Forest Products Co unci l 14780 SW O sp rey Dr ive Suite 285 Beaverto n , OR 97007 USA T +1503 590 6600 F +1503 590 6655 E [email protected]

www.certifiedwood.org Co-op Am eric a' s Wood Wis e D irecto ry USA

www.coopamerica.orgf wood w isef di rectory.htm

Aimed at providing informationfor consumers, the WoodWise Directory publishes on online directory of paperand wood products from certified and recycled sources of'raw' materials. It also lists suppliersof 'alternative' non-wood and non-paper products. EcoDesign Resou rce Socie ty PO Box 3981 M ain Post O ffi ce Vancou ver sc v6s 3Z4 Canad a T +1604255 2049 F +1604 255 2079

E [email protected] www.ecodesign.bc.ca/ product.htm FSC Fores t Stew ard sh ip Council, UK U K W or king Group Unit D, Statio n Buildin g L1anidloes SY1 8 6ES,UK T +44 (0)1686 413 916 F +44 (0)1686 412 176

E [email protected] www.fsc-uk.demon.co.uk FSC Forest Stew ard shi p Counci l, USA 113429th Street NW Washin gt o n, DC 20007 U SA T +1877372 5646 F +1202 342 6589

E [email protected] www.fscus.org Harris D ire ctory, The USA

www.harrisdirectory.com

This directoryhasbeen revised annually since 1992 and now lists five thousand recycled productsand materialsfrom

the USA Information includes contact details. product or material type, environmental benefits and examples of applications. The publishers of the Directory work closely withthe California-integrated Waste Management Board to revise keywords tofacilitate identificationofproducts that comply withUS government ecological procurement criteria. Institute for Local Self Reliance (U SA)

www.ilsr.org

The ILSR mointoinsan online database of moterials called The Carbohydrate Economy, which lists state by stote the companiesin the USA that are manufacturing materialsfrom biologicalsources. Thisincludes biofuels, biocomposites, biopolymers, points,finishes and cleaners with examples of the use of waste or recycled raw materials. Material Co n neXio n 4 Co lu m bus Cir cle New Yor k, NY 10 019 -110 0 U SA T +1212445 8825 F +1 21 24458950

www.materialconnexion.com

MaterialConneXion maintains a database af over three thousand materials, including materials derived from ar cantaining recycled content. This privately operated database is available online and can be visited in New York. New Uses Council 29 5 Tanglew ood D rive East Gre en w ich R102818-2210 U SA T +1401 8858177 F +1401 821 5789

E [email protected] www.newuses.org

The New Uses Council is dedicated to developing and commercializing new industrial, energy and nonfood consumer uses of renewable agricultural, forestry, livestock and marine products. It publishes an extensive online listingof bioproducts, The BioProdu cts

Directo ry. such os biofuels. biocomposites and biopo/ymers. Pan European Forest Certification (PEFC) PEFC Council asbl ze rne Etage 17 Rue des Girondins L-1626 Merl- Hollerich Luxembou rg T +352 (0)26 25 90 59 F +352 (0)26 2592 58

E pefc@ptlu www.pefc.org Proterra BV PO Box 188 6700 AD W ageningen N et herl and s T +3' (0)317467661 F +3' (0)317467660 E info @p rot erra.nl

www.proterra.nl Salvo (U K)

www.salvo.co.uk

Established in 1992, Salvo Europe'Sonlyassociation coordinating the activities of architectural salvage com paniesand reclaimed building moterials suppliers. Although membersare predominantlyfrom the UK, listings include companies in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Fra nce, Ireland and the USA is

SmartWood® Pro gram Rainfor est All iance 65 Bleecker Street N ew Yor k, NY 10012 USA T +1 212 6 77 1900

www.smartwood.org and www.rainforest-alliance.org Waste Watch and National Recycl ing Forum Eu ro pa Hou se G ro u nd Floor 13-17 Ironmonger Row Lon do n EClV 3QN, U K T +44 (0)2072536266 F +44 (0)2072535962

E [email protected] www.wastewatch.org.uk/

The U K Recycled Pro du ct s Guide wasjointly published by the National Recycling Forum and Waste Watch in 1998. It is available as a bound copyoronlineat www.nrforg.uk and lists over a thousand products and

materials. Data include type of material. percentage of post-consumer waste or recovered material, brand names, accredita tion and contactdetailsof suppliers.

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www.cat.org.uk EcoMall Ne w Yo rk, USA E ecom [email protected]

www.ecomal1.com The G reen Stat ionery Company Stud io O ne 11 4 Wa lcot Street Bath SAl SSG UK T +44 (0)1225480 556 F +44 (0)1225481211 E [email protected]

http:/ / greenstat.ebusiness.co.uk Jade M oun tain PO Box 4616 Bou lder , CO8030 6, USA T +1800 4421972

F +1 3034498266

E info@jademo untain.com www.jademountain.com Millennium Whole Earth Catalog Who le Earth PO Box 30 0 0 Denville, NJ 0 7834 -98 79 USA T +1888 7326739

E [email protected] www.wholeearthmag.com Natural Coll ect io n Eco H ou se M on m outh Place Bath SAl 2DQ, UK T +44 (0)8703 3 333 '3 F +44 (0)1225469673

www.naturalcollection.com Real Go ods USA

www.realgoods.com Sustainability Souce?" , Inc ., U SA

E [email protected] www.sustainabilitysource.com

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www.webdirectory.comfScience jEnergyjAlternat,v<-Energy British Wind Energy Association , The 26 Spring Street Lond on W2 l JA UK T +44 (0)207402 7402 F +44 (0)2074027407 E [email protected]

www.bwea.com

Promotes the useof renewable wind power and has on extensive listof publicationsfor commercial and domesticgeneration, plus a list of members and suppliers. Centre for Sustainable Energy Create Centre Smeat on Ro ad Bristol BS1 6XN UK T +44 (0)11 7 929 9950 F +44 (0)1179299114 E [email protected] www.cse.org.uk

CSEprovides research, consultancy, education and training in sustainable energy technalogy and systems. It also has experience of delivering local and regional initiatives and lobbying to assist developmentof appropriate energy policies. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Network (EREN) (USA) www.eren.doe.govj buildingsj builders.htm

GENERAL Cent er for Renewabl e Energy and Sustainable Technlogy (CREST)and Renewable Energy Policy Program (REPP) 1612 K St NW, Ste 202 Washington, DC20006 USA T +1 20229) 2898 F +' 20229) 5857 E mkcampbell@repp www.CREST.org CREST operates Sol st ice, an

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Internet information service about renewableenergy. International Network for Environment Management (INEM) Os ters trasse 58 20259 H am bu rg Germ any T +49 (0)4049071600 F +49 (0)404907 '601

US Env ironmental Protection Agency 1200 Pen nsylvania Avenue NW Washington DC, 20460 USA

www.epa.gov

L1FECYCLE ANALYSIS LINKSAND ORGANIZATIONS

E info@inem .org www .inem .orgf

INTERNATIONAL, NATIONAL AND FEDERAL AGENCIES Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Eland H ou se Bressenden Place Lo nd on SW1E 5DC UK T +44 (0)2079 44 )000

www.detr.gov.uk Envirowise UK www .envirowise.gov.uk

A source of practical environmental advicefor business, a government programme run by the Department of the Environment. European Environment Agency Kongens Nytor v 6 1050 Copenhagen K Denmark T +45(0)JJJ67100 F +45 (0))))6 7199 E eea@eea .eu.int www .eea,eu,int/

Un ited Nations Environment Prog ramme Wo rking Group on Sustainable Product Developm ent U NE P-WG -SPD N ieuwe Achterg racht 166 J.J. van't H off Institute, B-315 1018 WV Am sterd am N etherland s E [email protected] http:// unepJrw.uva.nl

This Working Grouphas been wound up but an interesting gallery of products is available on the web site.

Attn : Peter Hi nd le Tem selaan 100 1853 Stom berk-Bever Brussels F +)2 24562849 www.spold.orgj FAQ.html

Dr Kohmei Halada's LCA and ecodesign links N ational Research Institute for M etals, Japan www.nrim.go.jp:8080j ecomatj LCAj links.htm

An eclectic mixture of links for LCA and ecodesign. Life-Cycle Links by Thomas Gloria [email protected] www.life-cycle.orgjAcademia.htm

Acomprehensive list of the linksfor LCAfrom academia, research institutes, government and international organizations, together with companies applying LCA. SETAC (Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry), USA 1010 N ort h i zth Avenue Pensacol a, FL32501-3367 USA T +' 850469 '500 F +18504699778 E [email protected] www.setac.orgj SETAC, Asia/Pacific CSIRO Centre for Adva nced Analytical Chemistry Private Mailbag 7 Bangor NSW 2234, Aus tralia F +61 (0)29 71068)7 Egraham·[email protected]. csiro.au

www.setac.orgf SETAC, Europe Avenue E Maunier 83 Boq 120 0 Brussels Belgium T +) 2 (0)27227281 F +)2 (0)2770 5) 86 E setac@pi ng.be

www.setac.org/ Society ofthe Promotion of Life.Cycie Assessment Development (SPOLD) SPO LD Eu ropean Centre

LCA SOFTWARE REVIEWS AND SUPPLIERS Boustead Consulting Black Cottage, East Gri nste ad, Horsham West Sussex RH13 7BD, U K T +44 (0)140) 864 561 F +44 (0)140) 865284 [email protected]

www.boustead·consulting.co.uk

Boustead Model version 4 is the most extensive, up-todate, lifecycleinventorytool on the market today, drawing on over twentyseven years'experience to define inputs and outputs for thousands of raw and manufactured materials and processes. Cambridge Engineering Selector (CES3) Granta Design Ltd Tru m p ington Mews 40 B H igh Street Tru m pington Cam b ridge CB 2 2LS, U K T +44 (0)122) 518895 F +44 (0)'22) 5064)2

E [email protected] www.grantades lgn.com

Cambridge Engineering Selector permits simultaneous selection of material, manufacturing process and shapefrom three interlinked comprehensive databases. An accompanying CD-ROM provides access to onlinedocumentation and web links. Recently a new Eco-doto module has been developed by researchersat Cambridge University together with connector software, whichallows interconnectivity with Boustead Consulting's Version 4 Life Cycle Analysis programme. DFE Research Group Depart m ent of M echanical Engin eering, Design and Manufacture Manc heste r M etropolit an

University John Dalton Building Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD, UK E [email protected] http:// sunl.mpce.stu.mmu.ac. ukjpagesjprojectsjdfej pubsjdfeJJjlist.htm

This is an online eco-tools manual providinga comprehensive reviewof twenty-six LCA/ LO tools, seven DfEtools and nine pol/ution, Prevention and WastePrevention toolsby Nilsde Caluwe,j uly 1997PRe Consultants BV Plotterweg 12 J821 BB Amersfoort Netherlands T +Jl (o)JJ 4555022 F +Jl (o)JJ 4555024 E [email protected]

www.pre.nl

Suppliers of ECO-itand entrylevel LCA software and SimaPro, a professional package basedupon the Ecoindicator 99 methodology. TNO Institute of Indust rial Technology PO Box 5073 2500 GB Delft Netherlands T +Jl (0)15 260 87 45 F +Jl (0)152608756 E [email protected]

www.ind.tno.nljenj product develcp mentjecoscanj prodinfo.html

Suppliers of EcoScanJ o entrylevel LCA software basedupon the Eco-indicator 95and 99 methodologies. RECYCLI NG

Alucan, Aluminium Can Recycling Association (ACRAl 5 Gatsby Court 176 Holliday Street Birmingham S1 lTl, UK T +44 (0)121 6JJ 4656 F +44 (0)121 6JJ4698 E [email protected],com

www.alucan.org.uk

Aluca n is a national organization dedicated to the col/ection and recycling of aluminium drinks cans. It claims a recycling rate of ] 6 per cent (1998 data) of 01/ the aluminium cans sold,

which means that this 'material is the most recycled type of packaging in the UK. Amazing Environmental Organization Web Directory - Recycling California, USA www.webdirectory.comjRecycling

American Plastics Council '3°° Wilson Boulevard Suite 800 Arlington, VA 222°9, USA http:// sourcebook.plasticsresour

ce.com

The Council maintainsan online databaseof sources of recycled plastics and plastics feedstock in the USA and Canada in cooperauon with the Environment and Plastics IndustryCouncil (EPIC) of Canada. BritishGlass, The Manufacturers Confederation Northumberland Road Sheffield South Yorkshi re SlO 2UA, UK T +44 (0)1142686201 F +44 (0)114 268 1073

E [email protected] www.britglass.co.uk

In 1998 glass recycling in the EUexceeded 8 mil/ion metric tonnes, of which British glass constituted 6 per cent, or 476, 000 tonnes. The Confederation encourages post-consumer collection and recycling of gloss. British Metals Federation and Textile Recycling Association (TRA) 16 High Street Brampton, Huntingdon Cambs PE28 4TU, UK T +44 (0)1480455249 F +44 (0)1480 45J680

E [email protected] www.bntmetfed.org.uk

The British Metals Federation encourages recycling offerrous and nonferrous metals in the UK. It publishes a directoryof members and provides links to otherassociations and organizationsin the metals recycling industry worldwide. The TRA coordinates the activities of somefortyfour members who specialize in recyclmg textiles in the UK.

Bureau oflnternational Recycling 24 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 1050 Brussels, Belgium T +J2 2 627 5770 F +J2 2 627 577J

E [email protected] www.bir.org

BIRis on internationaltrade associationof the recycling industries. Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kunststoff-Recycling mbH Germany www.dkr.de

DKR recycled around 600,000 tonnesof plastics in 1998 collectedfrom plastic packaging under the Green Dot system (see Duales System DeutschlandAG) and encourages recycling and reuse of this waste. DKR maintains an online database of mainlyGerman companiesthat manufacture materials and products from recycled plastics. The organization works closely with the design agency Bar+ Knell and organizes touring exhibitions of their diverse range of furniture, lighting andfittings using recycled plastics. Industry Council for Electronic Equipment Recycling (ICER) 6 Bath Place Rivington Street London EC2A31E, UK T +44 (0)20 77294766 F +44 (0)2077 299121

E pg.bscngobpf.cc.uk www.icer.org.uk

The ICER is a cross-industry group examining the best way to improve recyclmg and reuse of end-oflife elearonic equipment. RECOUP 9 Metro Centre Welbeck Way Woodston Peterborough Cambridgeshire PE2 7WH, UK F +44 (0)17JJ J90 0J' E [email protected] g

www.rccoup.org

RECOUP is the UK's nationalplastic-bottle

recycling organization with seventy:JVe members including plastics manufacturers, beverage companies, retailers and local authorities. Textile Environment Network (TEN) c/o National Centre for Business Ecology Peel Building University of Salford Greater Manchester M5 4WT, UK T +44 (0)161 7455276 F +44 (0)161 745 5041

Waste Watch and National Recycling Forum Europa House Ground Floor '3-'7 Ironmonger Row London EC1V 3QN, UK T +44 (0)20 725J 6266 F +44 (0)20 725J 5962 E [email protected] rg

www.wastewatch.org.uk

WasteWatch publishes an online directory of products and materials in the UK madefrom recycled materials. WasteWatch also managesthe independent Notional Recycling Forum, which promotes recycling. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Centre for Environmental Strategy University of Surrey Guildford SurreyGU2 5XH, UK www.surrey.ac.ukjCESjhome.htm

European Foundation for the Improvement of Livingand WorkingConditions Ireland http:/ / susdev.eurofound.ie

International Institute of Sustaina ble Development (IISD) Head Office 161 PortageAvenue East, 6th Floor, Winnipeg Manitoba R3B OY4, Canada T +1 204958 7700 F +1 2049 58771 0 E info@iis d.ca

htlp:j jiisd.ca

National Councils for Sustainable Development The NCSD Network

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Glossary Also refer to Leo-Design Strategies (p.327) SRs is a concept with five cornerstones aimed at reducing the impact of design, manufacturing and products on the environment - to reduce, remanufacture, reuse, recycle and recover (energy by incineration]. 'Reduce' impliesdesigning to use fewer raw materials and less energy. Agenda 21 is a comprehensive blueprint for globalaction drafted bythe 172 governments present at the 19 9 2 Earth Summit organized bythe United Nations in Rio de janiero, Brazil. It is often interpreted and implemented at a local level in 'Local Agenda 21' plans. Atmosphere refers to the gaseous components at and above the world's surface including the important gases oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane and ozone.

Biosphere is the term for the living components of the world that meet the seven characteristics of lifemovement, feeding, respiration, excretion,

growth, reproduction and sensitivity. Carcinogens are chemicals that are definite or potential agents in causing cancer in humans. Theyare classified by the World Health Organization according to their perceived risk. Group 1 chemicals carryclear evidence of risk, Group 3 chemicals may have some associated risk. Carryingcapacity is a finite quantity (K) that equates to the ecosystem resources of a defined area such as a locality, habitat, region, country or planet. A given carryi ng capacitycan support a finite population

of organisms. Stable populations in harmony with the carryingcapacity are sustainable, but excessive population growth can lead to sudden decline and/or permanent reduction in the carrying capacity. Clean design is the systematic incorporation of lifecycle environmental considerations into product design. Design for environment (OO) is the analysis and optimization of the environmental, health and safety issues considered over the entire life of the product. DfE permits resource depletion, waste production and energy usage to be reduced or even eliminated during the manufacture, use and disposa l or reuse of the product. Design for manufacturing (DfM) examines the relationship between resource usage and product design using computeraided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) tools for cost-effectiveness and reduced environmental impacts. Design for manufacturing and assembly (DfMA) is a combination of DfA and DfM thinkingand practice. Design for X (OO) is a generic term where X denotes the specific focus of a design strategy, such as DfD.(Design for Disassembly) or DfE (Design for Environment). Downcycling refers to the recycli ng of a waste stream to create a new material that has properties inferior to those of the original virgin materials.A good example is recycled plastic (HDPE) panels made of multicolouredwaste sources.

Eco-efficiency embodies the

concept of more efficient use of resources with reduced environmental impacts resulting in improved resource productivity, i.e., doing more with less. Eco-Iabel refersto labels applied to products and materials that conform to standards set by independent organizations to reduce environmental impacts. There are national and internationaleco-Iabels - see p. 333 for a detailed listing.

Ecc-wheel, or ecodesign strategy wheel, is a means of identifying strategies that will assist in making environmental improvements to existing products. It embraces eight strategies: 1) selection of low-impact materials; 2) reduction of materials usage; 3) optimization of production techniques; 4) optimization of distribution system; 5) reduction of impact during use; 6) optimization of initial lifetime; 7) optimization of end-of-life system; and 8) new concept development. Eco-tools: A generic name for software or nonsoftware tools that help with the analysisof the environmental impact of products, manufacturing processes, activities and construction projects. Tools generally fall into several main categories: Lifecycle analysis,design or environment, environmental management or

eco-audits and energy flow management. Ecodesign is a design process that considers the environmental impacts associated with a product throughout its entire life from acquisition of raw materials through production/manufacturing and use to end of life. At the same time as reducing environmental impacts,

ecodesign seeks to improve the aesthetic and functional aspects of the product with due consideration to social and ethical needs. Ecodesign is synonymous with the terms design for environment (DfE), often used bythe engineering design profession, and Iifecycle design (LCD) in North America. Ecc-indicator is a single numeric value used to denote the environmental impact of a material, process or product used in specific softwareapplications and their databases . Ecoindicators are calculated in a two-step process, first using empiricaldata, then applying a weighting calculated by making subjective decisions as to the degree of importance of different types of environmental impact. For example, many software applications rate ozone depletion as more important than acid rain or pesticide pollution. Ecoindicators are veryuseful for determining the relative environmental impacts of differentmaterials, processes or products, but care must be exercised when comparing ecoindicators originating from differentsoftware applications and databases. Ecomaterials are materials that have minimal impact on the environment at the same time as providing maximum performance for the required design task. Ecomaterials originating from components from the biosphere are biodegradable and cyclic, whereas ecomaterials originating from the technosphere are easily recyclable and can be contained within 'closedloop' systems. EcoReDesign (ERD) was first coined by the Royal

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Me lbou rne Institute of Techno logy, Australia, to denote the redesigning of existing products to reduce the environmen tal impa ct of one or mo re components of t he product.

Ecological footprint is a measure of the resource use by a population with in a defined area of land, incl uding imported resources. Assessment of the ecological footprint s of nation states or other defined geographic areas reveals the true environmental im pact of t hose states and t heir ability to survive on their own resources in the long term . The term ecologcial footprint can also be applied to products but is more common ly referred to as the environ mental 'rucksack' associated with product manufact uring. Embodied energy is the total energy stored in a product or material and includes the energy in the raw materials , transport to the place of product ion , energy in manufacturing and (some times) transpo rt energy used in the distribut ion and retail chain. It is measured in MJ per kg o r GJ per tonne . End oflife (Eol) describes both the end of the life of the actual prod uct and the cessation of t he enviro nmenta l im pacts associated with t he produ ct. Disassemb ly and recycling of com ponents and/o r mater ials at a produ ct's Eol are preferable to d isposal via landfill or incin eration. End of pipe (EoP) solution is anoth er term given to pol lutio n contro l in which the by-products of manufacturing processes that are toxic or hazardous emissions or wastes are treated or neutra lized before being released to the

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wider enviro nmen t. Thi s is design to correct or min im ize a pro blem. Environment conscious

manufacturing (ECM) is the application of green engineering techniques to manufactu ring to encou rage greater efficiency and reduction of emissi ons and waste. Environ mental impact assessment (EIA) is a complex process of predic ting and deAning the possible enviro nme ntal effects of public- and private-sector projects in advance of implementat ion and of examining how to m itigate the predic ted impac ts. Or iginating in North America in the 1970s, EIAs are typical ly applied to constr uction , forestry, infrastructu re and housing projects . In Europe and th e U K public enqui ries and local government planning department proc esses generally take the place of EIAs. Environmental management systems (EMS) are aim ed at improving the environmental performance of organ izations in a systematic way integrated with legislative and compliance requirements. The international benchmark for EM S is the Internati onal Standard ISO 14001, wh ich more and more organiz ations each year are meeting , but nat ional EMS standards also play a sign ificant role, such as th e Brit ish Standard for Environme ntal M anagement , BS 7750 . Other independent ly certi fied systems exist, such as EMAS operated in the European u nion .\ EU Energy label is a classificat ion applied to dom estic appli ances such as washing m achines and refrigerators according to their energy use, expressed as kWh per year. Gro up A are t he most energy-

efficient and Group G are the least efficient. Thi s scheme is due to be expanded to other types ofappliances .

Geosphere con sist s of the inorganic, geological compo nents of the world such as mineral s, rocks and stone, sea and fresh water. Green design is a design process in which the focu s is on assessing and dealing with ind ividual environmental impacts of a prod uct rather than on the product's enti re life. Greenhouse gases are any manmade gaseous emissio n that cont ributes to a rise in the average temp erat ure of the earth , a pheno meno n know n as global warm ing, by trapping the heat of the sun in the earth's atmosphere. The key greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide , mainly from fossil-fuel burning activities; methane from landfill sites, agriculture and coal production; chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorof uorocarbons, (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (H FCs), used in refrigerants and aerosols; nitrous oxide from nylon and nitr ic acid production, fossil-fuel burning and agricultu re; and sulphur hexafluoride from the chem ical indu stry. Greywater is the waste water fro m personal or general dome stic washing activit ies.

efficient movement of people.

Lifecycle analysis or Lifecycle assessment (LCA) is the process of analyzing the environmental impact of a produc t from the cradle t o the grave in four major phases: production , transportrd istribution/ packaging, usage, disposal or end of life/des ign for disassemb ly/design for recycling. Lifecycle inventory(LCI) is the practice of analyzing the environmental consequences of inputs required and ou tputs generated during the life of a product. Lifecycle matrix is a too l or checklist to analyze potential environ mental im pacts at each phase in the product's lifecycle. Different types of indust ry create specific Iifecycle mat rices related to t he peculiarities of th e manufactu ring process of their produ cts. Lithosphere is the geological strata th at make up th e earth 's crust. Mobility path describes a route an indiv idual can take travelling between two poi nts using one or mo re forms of transport whic h are, preferably, integrated into a flexible system (see ITS).

Industrialecology is a holistic approach th at con siders the interacti on between natural, econom ic and indust rial system s. It is also term ed ind ustrial metabolism .

Non-renewable resources are tho se in fin ite supply that cannot be regenerated or renewed by synt hesizing the energy of the sun. Such resources include fossil fuels, metals and plastics. Im provin g the rate of recycling will extend the longevity of these resources.

Intelligenttransportsystem (ITS) is a series of in te-grated tra nsport networ ks in which individual networks use specific tr anspo rt mo des but allow easy inte rconnec tion to facilitate

Off-gasing is t he term for emissio ns of volati le comp ounds to the air fro m synth etic or natural polymers. Emi ssions usually derive fro m the addit ives, elastomers, Allers

Glossary and residual chemicals from the manufacturing process rather than from the long, molecular-cha in polymers. Post·consum er waste is waste t hat is collected and sorted after the product has been used by the consumer. It includes glass, newspaper and cans from special roadside 'banks' or disposal facil ities. It is generally much more variable in composition than pre-con sum er waste (see below). Pre·consumer waste is waste generated at the manufact uring plant or product io n facility. Prod ucer responsibility (PR) prescribes the legal responsibilities of producers/manufacturers for their prod ucts from the cradle to the grave. Recent Euro pean legislation for certain product sectors, such as electronic and electrical goods, packaging and vehicles, sets specific requirem ents regarding 'take-back' of products and targets for recycling com ponents and materials. Product lifecycle (PLC) is the result of a lifecycle assessment of an individual product, which analyzes its environm ental impact. Renewable resources refer to those resources that originate from storage of energy from the sun by living org anism s including plant s, animals and hum ans. Provid ing that sufficient water, nutrients and sunshine are available, renewable resources can be grown in continuous cycles. Smart prod ucts are those with in-built sensors to cont rol th e function of t he product automatically or to make the user aware of the cond ition of the product. Sustainable is an adjective appl ied to diverse subjects includ ing populat ions,

cities, development, businesses, communities and habitats ; it means that the subject can persist a long time into the future . Sustainable development: According to the most widely quoted definition , published in the 1987 report 'O ur Common Future ' by the World Commission on Environment and Development chaired by Gro H arlem Brundtland, the Norwegian prime mi niste r, sustainable developmen t is develop men t that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The term contains within it two key concepts: the concept of 'needs', in particular the essential needs of th e world's poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs. Sustainable product design (SPO) is a design philoso phy and practice in which products contribute to social and economic well-being , have negligible impacts on the environment and can be produced fro m a sustainable resource base. It embodies the practice of eco-design, with due attentio n to environ menta l, ethical and social facto rs, but also includes economic conside rations and assessments of resource availabil ity in relation to sustainable production . Sustainable products serve huma n needs without depleti ng natu ral and manmade resources, without damage to the carrying capacity of ecosystems and without restricting the options available to present and futu re generations .

Technosphere consists of the synthetic and composite components and materials formed by human interventionin reordering and com bining components and mater ials of the biosphere, geosphere and atmosphere. True technosphere mater ials cannot re-enter the biosphere through the process of biodegradation alone. Synthetic polymers such as plastics are examp les of such mater ials. Transport energy is t he energy expended to transport or distribute a product from the manufacturer to the wholesaler or retailer. Locally manufactured and locally purchased produc ts tend to have much lower transport energies than imp orted products. The unit of measure is M ) per kilogram . use-Impact products are consumer products that create (major) environmental impacts, such as cars and electrical appliances. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are natural and synth etic organic chemic als that can easily move between the solid/liquid and gaseous phase. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Materials, chemicals ABS acrylonit rile-but adienestyrene CFCs chlo rinate d fluorocarbons compounds containing chlorine, fluorine and carbon CO carbon monoxi de C02 carbon dioxide HC hydrocarbon HCFCs hydroch lorofluorocarbons compounds containing hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine and carbon HFCs hydrofluorocarbonscompounds containing

hydrogen, fluorine and carbon HOPE high-density polyethylene LOPE low-density polyethylene GRP glass-reinfo rced plastic (polyme r) NO nitrous oxide NO x oxides of nitrogen N iMH nickel metal hydride N iCd nickel cadmium ozone P~ polyethylene (polythene) PET polyethylene terephthalate PP po lypropylene PS polystyrene PU polyu rethane PVC polyvinyl chloride VOC volatile organic compound

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Miscellaneous EV electric vehicle LED light em itt ing dio de PV photovolt aic CFL com pact fluo rescent lamp UV ultraviolet light DC direct current AC alternating current PM10S particulate matte r (dust , acids and other types) suspended in the air and measuring less than O.OOOO1 mm d iameter PV photovoltaic mod ule PRN packaging recovery note

Further Reading .j:>.

Books

Materialsand Components

EARLY VISIONARIES

(1998), BRE Report 351 , Building Research Establishment , UK.

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Carson , Rachel, SilentSpring (1962), Hamish H am ilt on, UK. Ecologist, The, editors of, A Blueprint for Survival (1972), Penguin Books, UK/ Austra li a. Fuller , Richard Buckminster,

Operating Manualfor Spaceship Earth (1969), Feffer & Simons, London and Am sterdam. Meadows, Donella , Dennis Meadows, [ergen Randers and William Behrens III , The Lim its to Growth, A Report

for the Club Df Rome's Project on the Predicament DfMankind (1972), Earth Island, Lo ndon. Meller, James (ed) , The

Buckminster Fuller Reader (1970), Jonathan Cape, Lond on . Packard, Vance, The Hidden Persuaders (1957). Penguin Books, UK. Packard, Vance, The Waste Makers (1960), Penguin Books, U K/ Aust ralia. Papanek, Victor,

Designfor the RealWDrld, Human ECDlagy and Social Change(1972), Thames & H udson, Lo ndon. Wri ght , Frank Lloyd, The

Natural House (1 963). Hori zon Press, New York. ARCHITECTURE Baggs, Sydney and Joan, The

Healthy House (1996), Thames & Hu dson, Londo n. Behling , Soph ia and St efan,

Soiar PDwer: The EVDlution oj Sustoinabte Architecture

Jones, David Lloyd ,

Architectureand the Environment: Bioelimatic Building Design (1998), Lawrence King Publishing, Londo n. Siessor , Catherine, Eco·Tech:

Sustainable Architectureand High Techn ology (1997 ). Thames & H udson, London. Vale, Robert and Brenda ,

GreenArchitecture: Design for a Sustainable Future (1991), Thames & Huds on , Lo ndon . Wines , James (and Phil ip

[odldio [edl], Green Architecture (200 0 ), Taschen, Cologne. Woolley, Tom, Sam Kimmins, Paul Ha rrison and Rob Ha rrison , Green Building Handbook, A guide to

building products and their impact on the environment (1997), E & F N Spon, London .

BUSINESS AND SUSTAINABILITY Allenby , B, and D Richards , (eds). The Greening Df

Industrial Ecasystems (1994), Nat ion al Academ y Press, Washington, D.C. Charter, Martin and Ursu la Tischner (eds), Sustainable

Solutions: Developing Products and ServicesfDr the Future (2001), Greenleaf Publishin g, U K. Datsc hefs ki, Edwin ,

Sustainable Products: The Trillion DDllar Opportunity (1999), ) L Publishing, H itchin, U K. Davis, John, Greening

Haw ken, P A B, Lovins and L H Lovins , Natural

Capitalism: Creating the Next IndustrialRevolution (1999), Litt le & Brown, Boston, and Earthscan, Lo ndon. Institute of Materials and Glasgow Caledonian Un ivers ity , Manufacturing

and the Environment (1997), Institute of Materials, London . Kirkwood, R C, and A J Longley , CleanTechnDlogy and the Environment (1995), Blackie Academic & Professional, Lo ndon.

ECODESIGN, GREEN DEStGN, 00, SUSTAINABLE PRODUCT DESIGN Balcioglu, Tevfik (ed), The

Rote DfProduct Design in PDSt Industrial SDciety (1998). Middle East Technical University Facult y of Archite ct ure Press, Ankara, and Kent Inst it ute of Art & Design, Rochester, UK. Beukers , Adriaan and Ed van H inte, Lightness: The

(1999), 010 Publishers, Rotterdam. Bill asto s, Sam ir and Nadi a A Basaly, Green Technology and

Design for the Environment (1997), Taylo r and Francis, Washington D.C. Brezet, Han and Carolein van H ernel, Ecodesign. A

Promising Approach to Sustainable Production and Consumption (1997), United Nat ions Environment Program me, Paris, France. Burre ll , P, Product

Business: Managingf Dr Sustainable Development

DevelDpment and the Environment (1996), Design Coun cil & Gower

Howard, Ni gel and David Sheirs, The Green Guide to

(1991), Blackwell, Oxford .

Publ ications, London.

@)

Fussier, Claude with Peter James, Driving Leo-innovation (1996), Pitman Publishing, Lo ndo n.

Recyelability (1988), Instit ute of Metals, Londo n. Krause, F. and Helmut Jansen (eds). Life Cyele

Modellingfor Innovative Products aI. Processes (1 996), Chapman & Hal l, London. Lyle, John, Regenerative

Design for Sustainable Design, (1994) , Wiley, New York. MacKenz ie, Dorothy , Green

Design: Designfor the Environment (1991). Rizzoli, New York. Papanek, Victor, The Green

Imperative: ECDIDgy aI. Ethics in Design and Architecture (1995), Thame s & Hudson , London. Van der Ryn, Sim & Stua rt Cowan , EcolDgical Design (1996), Island Press, Washingto n D.C. van H inte , Ed and Conny Bakker, Trespassers:

lnspirationsfDr Eco·efficient Design (1999), 010 Publ ishers, Rotterdam. Whi t eley, Nigel . Design For Society (1993), Reaktion Books, London.

Inevitable Renaissance Df Minimum Energy Structures

(2000 ), Prestel Verlag, Mun ich.

SpecificatiDn, An Environmental PrDfiling System for Building

Henstock, M , Designfor

Com m iss ion of the Europ ean Communitie s, Green Paper

on Integrated Product Policy (2001), CO M , Brussels.

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND DATA Brundtland , Gro Harlem

et ai, Worl d Comm ission on Environment and Development ,

Our CDm mDn Future (1987), O xford Uni versity Press, UK/USA.

Environmen t Handbook (1998), The

Curran , Susan,

Stationery Office, UK. Lees, Ni gel and H elen Wool ston , Environmental InformatiDn: A Guide to Sources (1997). The British Library, Lond on. McLaren, Dunc an, Simon Bulloc k and Nus rat Yo usuf.

TDmDrrDw's World, Britain's Share in a SustainableFuture (1998), Earthscan, London.

Further Reading GENERAL

Mutant Materials in Contemporary Design (1995), Museum of

Antonelli , Paola,

Modern Art , New York. Coun sell , Simon, TheGood Wood Guide (1996), Friends of the Eart h, London . Elkington, John and Julia Ha iles, The GreenConsumer Guide (1988), Gollanc z, London. Nat iona l Recycling Forum/ Waste Watch, UKRecycled

Products Guide (1998) , N atio nal Recycling Forum / Waste Watch , UK.

La Casa Prossima Futura (The Home of the Near Future) exhibition (1999) , Royal

Philips Design,

Phi lip s Elect ro nics, Neth erlands. Philips Design, Vision of the Future (1996), Philip s Design and V+ K Publ ishing, Netherlands. Powers, Alan,

Naturein

Design (1999), Conra n Octopus, Lon don. Ramakers, Remy and Gils Bakker (eds), Droog Design.

Spirit of the Nineties (1998), 010 Publishers, Rotterdam .

Recycling, Formsfor the Next Century - Austerityfor Posterity

Taylor , Louise et ai,

(1996), Craftspace Touring, Birmingham .

o n sustainable bui ld ing design. www.greendesign.netj greenclips

The Biothinker BUSINESS AND SUSTAINABILITY

Business and the Environment (Cutte r, USA) A hard-cop y and onl ine resource for bus iness executives wo rldw ide to keep abreast of the debate on environmental management issues. http:// eutter.eom/ bale

Greener Management Internat ional- Thejournal of Corpora te Environmental Strategy and Practice (Greenleaf Publishing, UK) A quarterly jo urnal, which disc usses t he developmen ts aro und key strategic envi ronme ntal and sustai nabi lity issues and th eir effects on public- and pr ivate-secto r orga ni zatio ns. http:/ /www.greenleaf· publishing.eom

Sustain (Wo rld Busin ess Cou ncil for Sustainable Development , Switzerland) Quarterl y magaz ine providing examples of how members are tackling the issue of susta inable development and discussing current

issues . www.wbesd.eh

Magaz ine s, joumals, e-zines and new s lette rs ARCHITECTURE

Environmental Design ~ Construction (USA) A magazine covering all aspects of environmentally sound build ing design and const ruct ion. www.edcmag.com

GreenClips: Sustainable Building Design News Digest (USA) An e-mail newslette r and web resource prov iding a sum mary of the latest news

ECODESIGN, GREEN DESIGN, D1X, SUSTAINABLE PRODUCT DESIGN

Tomorrow (Tomorrow Publishi ng, Sweden) A print and web media journal inform ing about corpo rate environmen tal issues, prov iding analysis and offering pract ical solu tio ns. www. tomorrow-web.cc m

Sustainable Business (USA) A mo nth ly online maga zine, which collates news, features and regular columns from the growing arena of susta inable business. www.sustainablebusiness.com

(Biothinking International , UK) A newsletter that promotes the ph ilosophy of cyclic, solar and safe pract ices in relat ion to the design of products and services. www.biothinking.com

Ecocycle An onl ine newslette r ded icated to product li fecycle management (LCM) and the dissem ination of information on pol icy and technical issues. www.ec.gc.cajecocycle

Eco Design (Ecologica l Design Association ,UK) This is the journal of t he Ecological Design Association, serving its m em bership of over 1,50 0 in the UK and overseas. Issues tend to be based upon th emes such as transpo rt , eco-products and self-build, bu t each incorporates diverse editorial matte r from lifestyle to semi -technical. www.edaweb.org

International journal of Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing (ECDM Lab, University of Windsor, Canada) Exam ines the short- and lo ng-term effects of design and manufacturing on the environment and reports recent trends, advances and research results. www.ijecdm.com

j ournal of Life Cycle Assessment A jo urna l devoted ent irely to LCA for pract itioners, prod uct m anagers and all t hose interested in reducing th e ecological bur dens of produ ct s and systems. www.ecorned.dej joumalsj lcajlca.htrn

journal of Indus trial Ecology (Massachusetts In stitute of Technology , USA)

A quarterly hard-co py and onl ine journal published by M IT, which encompasses mater ial and energy-fiow studies, lifecycle analysis, design for th e environment, product stewardship and much mo re. Although aimed at academ ia, it is a good source of techn ical inform ation, statist ics and contacts . http:/ / mitpress.mit.eduIJIE

j ournalof Sustainable Product Design (The Centre for Sustainable Design, UK) A qua rterly pu blicat ion that includes contri butions from academia and indu st ry to enco urage busine ss towa rds sustainable pract ices, pro duc ts and services. www.cfsd.org.ukjjournal ENVIRONMENTAL NEWS, POLICY AND INFORMATION

ENDS Report, The (Environmental Data Services Ltd, UK) In continuous publication since '978, The ENDS Report is a comprehensive monthly print and web media journal offering news , analysis and features on enviro nmental polic y and business , with a UK focus informed by developments in the EU. www.endsreport.com

ENDS Environment Daily (Environmental Data Services Ltd, U K) A daily electronic news service focusing on environmental policy develo pments in Europe. www.environmentdaily.com

GENERAL

Green Futures (Foru m for the Futu re, U K) M agazin e that focuses o n issues of sustai nable develo pment illustrated by case studies and init iat ives in business, ind ustry and local govern ment. www.forumforthefuture.org.uk

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Itch (magaz ine) (Sustainable Solut ion s Design Association , Denma rk) A qu arterly m agazine, which focu ses o n sustainability and fashion for designe rs of textiles and clothes. www.psd·dk.comj_psd_htmj info.htm

Recycler's World (RecycieNet Corpo rat ion , Canada) This is a wo rldwide tr ading site for inform ation about reusab le and recyclable produ cts, by-produc ts and m aterials . www .recycle.net

Recycling World (Tec Publicat ion s, U K)

)

( Index

Trade ma gazine, which exam ines the latest developm ents in recycling techn ology and new in it iatives in the UK and Europe and offe rs a resource for tr ading recycled materials called Recyclers' Corner . www.teeweb.corn/recyde

Arzuaga,Amaya 125, 304 Asga 114

Ash Round Table 54 Association for Environment

Conscious Building (AECB) 33'

zpm Ltd 101 , 312 3M Deutschland GmbH 2'5,3 '2 3M, UK 270 3MTM 8000 215

3M Serie 9300 270 teo-Piece-KitArm chair 39 10939 Wedding Dress 126 Abbate, Cinzia 229. 304

ABG Ltd 270,3' 2 Acadia Board Company 278,3'2 ACAT fibre board 292 AccuPlus Ultra 269 Ackon, Gabriele 42, 304 Acordis Speciality FibresfAcordis

Fibres (Holdings) Ltd 29',3' 2 Ad Rem Design '79, 304 Advanced Elastomer Systems

LP 297,3'2 Advanced Environmental Recycling Technologies, Inc. 292, 312

Advanced Vehicle Design '4 6, ' 49,3 ' 2 AElOOO Free-power Radi o 163

AEG Hausgerate GmbH "9, 3' 2 Aerodyn Energiesysteme GmbH

256,3'2 Aeron 196 AeroVironment, Inc. 148,222,223.

304,3'2 AERT LifeCycle, ChoiceDekand MoistureShield 292

Aga-Rayburn "4,3'2 Agatha Dreams 19

Agro Plastic 296 Air Box 210 Air Packaging Technologies. Inc. 210,3 12

Airbag 22 Airfil 210 Airsaddle ' 53 Airtecture 238

Akeler Developments 236,304 Akylux 210 Akzo Nobel Decorative Coatings

AB(Nordsj5) 298,3'2,32' Aladdin Power 110 Alaska Center for Appropriate

Technology 292, 304 Alden& Ott 289, 3'2 AlessiSpA ,69 ,3'2

Alfred Karcher GmbH & Co. "7, 3' 2 Alinea, Atelier, AG 85,3' 2 All Paper Recycling, Inc. 280, 3'2 Alliance for BeverageCartons and the Environment 338 Allison Bus 216 Almerelow-cost housing 233 Alternative Crops Technology

Interaction Network (ACTIN) 334 Alternative Energy 336 Alternative TechnologyAssociation

332

Alucan, Aluminium Can Recycling Association 337 AmasecAiml 210,312

Amato, John ' 55, 304 Amazing Environmental Organization Web DirectoryAlternative Energy 336 Amazing Environmenta l Organization Web Directory -

Recycling 337 American Excelsior Company 282,

3' 2 American Hardwoods Export Council 243, 250 American Institute of Architects

33 ' American Plastics Council 337,338 Ampair Ltd 25',3'2 Amtico Company Ltd, The 249, 3'2 Andringa, Jacqueline 81,3°4 Anna Chaise 79

Association of Plastics Manufacturers Europe (APM E)

338 AstroPower 252 AstroPower, Inc. 251,252, 312

Atfield, Jane 35,43, 45,304 ATHENN M Sustainable Materials Institute 334

Attila ' 73 Auro paints, oils, waxes and finishes 286 Auro Paints/ Aura Pflanzencherme

AGjAure GmbH 286,3' 2 Austrian Ecodesign Information Point 331 Authentic Rooft'' 242 Authen tics arti present GmbH 49,

'7 8, 189,3 '3 Avant de Dorrnir 61,313 AxorStarck Dusche 262 Axor Starck mixer tap 262 Azumi, Shin and Tomoko 71, 78,

3°4 BabyStingray 224 Baccarne bvba 227,304, 313 BaccarneDesign 227, 3' 3

Bakker, Erik 75,304 Baleri ltalia 197,313

Bally, Boris 27, 304 Bamboo Bicycle, The '44 Bamboo Hardwoods, Inc. 281,313 Ban, Shigeru 80,234,237 ,304 Bansod, Abhijit '9' ,304 Baohm, Fons 113 Bar + Knell (Beata and Gerhard Bar

and Hartmut Knell) 30,68 ,8' , 93,102,103, 107,304

Anstalten Thorberg 248,3'2 AnthologieQuanett 81,304 Apotheloz, Christophe '53, 304 APT BatteryAdapter 268

Barlow-Lawson, Stephen 196, 304 Barnacle 178 Baroli, Luigi 197, 304

Aquair 100, Aquair U. W. 251 Arai, Junichi 291,3°4 Arbor Vitae 201,312 Arena Vision 401 195

Basi c Bass, The 165

Argyll CF727 290 Arizona Fibers Marketing 285,312 Armstrong World Industries, Inc.

249,3 ' 2 Arosio. Pietro 31,304

Artemide SpA 97,3'2

Bartsch Design 256, 304

Warmer Bulletin Focuses on resource recovery and waste managemen t, including reports o n legisl ative, technical and policy developments around the world . www.residua.com/ WB.html

Bergne, Sebastian 49, 89, 304 Berkowitz, Adam 201, 3° 4 Bernabei, Rina 86,304 Bernard Kerr and PejackCampbell

"5 ,3 04 Bernett, Jeffrey 100, 304 Bernini 86 Berthier, Marc 163,3°4 Besse, Hedda 111,304 BEST Buro fur Produktgestaltung

"7,3 0 4 Bey, Jurgen 25, 60, 74,227,304 Big Legs 22

Bill Dunster Architects 234, 239, 304 Bindoplast 298 BioT ® 287 BioAcouSliCFish Fence (BAFF) 270 BioChem Systems 287,3'3 BioComposites Centre, The 334 Biocorp 282, 313; polymer 282

BioFab LLCjPacific Gold Board 280,3'3 BioFoam 282

BioForm® 287 Biomorph InteractiveDesklt d

'96 Biomorph Multi Desk '96 Bionelle® 296 Biopac

215

Bioplast® 282 Biopol'" 296 biopolymers 282-84 Biopur® 282 Biora 298 BioRegional Development Group

239,304 Bioshield PaintCompany 286,313 BioShield paints,stains, thinners, waxes 286

Biotec 282,3'3 Blackwall Ltd '58,3 '3 Blanca, OscarTusquets 228, 305 Blejer, Danilea, and Saskia Bostelmann 229, 305

Basket 2 Hands 178

Blotter 23 BMW '32,3 ' 3

Bastian

boards and composites 278·80

22

BdsjStudio eg 203 Beacon Print ltd 271 ,313 Bean-e-clean'v 287 Bedrock Industries 172,313

BedZED Housing 239 Benza, Inc. '74 , ,85, 3'3

boards and sheeting 292-93 Bob 169 BOC Distribution Services 21 9, 313

BodyRaft 23 BodyShop International pic ' 30, 3'3

Index BodyShop. The. range 1JO Boeri, Cini 45.305 Bogdan Light 92 Boner. Jorg 66. J05 goc ntje. Tord 177. J05 Boox 61 Bopp LeuchtenGmbH 9J, 107. J1J Boris Bally, Atelier 27 Bostelmann, Saskia (see Bleier, Danilea,and Saskia Bostelmann) Bottle Stopper & Opener 175 Bottle-Top Stool. The 2J Boustead Consulting JJ6 Box chair 32 BPAmoco pic 259.J1J BP Solar International 111 ,3 13 BPSolarex 259,J1J Brass Cloth JOO BRE. New Environmental Office 2JJ Bredahl, Pil, and Liselotte Risell J7.J05 BREE Collection GmbH & Co. KG l JO, J1J Bristow, Stuart 177.305 British GlassManufacturers Confederation, The JJ7 British Metals Federationand Textile Recycling Association (TRA) JJ7 British Plastics Federation 338 BritishStandard s Institute 333 BritishWind Energy Association JJ6 Broess, Alfons 20, 305 Brompton BicycleLtd '47, J1J Brompton 147 Brook Hansen 269.313 Brown. julian/StudioBrown 173, J05 Bruggli Produktion & Dienstleistung 153.313 BTM International Ltd 217. J1J Buchner DesignStudio 278, 305. J1J Bucket Seat 25

Buderus HeiztechnikGmbH 255. J1 J BuildingResea rch Establishment JJ4 Bulo Office Furniture 57,J1J Burch 267, J1J Bureau of International Recycling JJ7 Burkhardt. Roland 257. J05 Buro fur Form 182,3°5 Buro fur Produktgestaltung 117, 256. J05 Buro Happold seeFeilden Clegg Architects

Business Lines Ltd 216,313 BUT 184. J1J Bute FabricsLtd 290. J1J ( 1 Recliner and Footstool 32 Cabka Plast KunststoffverarbeitungsGmbH 293,313 CafeDuo HD 1740/42 "5 Cahen, Antoine 111,3°5 Calstart JJ8 Cambridge Engineering Selector (CESJ) JJ6 Cambridge University 269 Campana, Fernando and HumbertorCampana Objetos Ltda JJ. 84. J05.J14 Canon IXUS 161 Canon. Inc./Canon (UK) Ltd 161 .

207. J14 Can-a-Worms 158

Cantlva

290

Capa® 282 CapeLight 92 Cappellini Arte/Capeum! SpA J4, 4J, 44, 4 8, 5'. 54, 59. 78. 80. 99. 100 ,3 14

Carbohydrate Economy Clearinghouse,The JJ4 Cardboard Chair JJ Cardnuff Ian seeVK & C Partnership Cargill Dow Polymers 211.284,

J14 Carnegie fabric 290 Carrasco, Pedro 191,305 Carrington Performance Fabrics 296. J14 Carta 80 Cartoons 197 Ceccotti Ccllez ion i srl '9.314 Celotex Ltd 20J. 285. J14

Celotex Sealcoat 285 Centerfor Environmentally Appropriate Materials 334 Center for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Technology (CREST) and Renewable Energy Policy Program (RE PP) JJ6 Center of Excell ence for Sustainable Development: Affordable Housing JJl Centrefor Alternative Technology JJ'.JJ5 Centrefor Design at Roya l MelbourneInstituteof Technology JJl Centrefor Environmental Assessment of Product and Material Systems 331 Centrefor Environmental Strategy

JJ7

Centrefor Sustainable Construction (CSC) JJ2 Centrefor Sustainable Design 33' Centre for SustainableEnergy JJ6 Centriboard 292 Centriforce Products . Plastic Recycling Ltd 292.294 , J14 Centurion 222 Ceres tar USA,Inc. 282,314 Certified ForestProducts Council JJJ.JJ5 Chadwick. Don. and Bill Stumpf see Herman Miller, Inc. Chalayan, Hussain 125,305 Champian, Brian 58, 305 Chanvrisol, Chanvrilaine 284 Chapco® Safe-Set 299 Charles Lawrence Recycling Ltd 296, J14 Checkpoint 216 Checktag 216 Chestof Drawers 60 Chicago Adhesive Products Company 299, J14 ChoiceDek 292 Ciro Magic '50 Citymobil C, 1J2 ClassiCon 72,3'4 Clearvision Lighting Ltd '95, J14 Clerkin,Carl 25,94, J05 Climatex@ 290 Clips 94 ClivusMultrum 2 Composter 263 Clivus Multrum Canada/Kingsley

Clivus 26J, J14 Coates. Nigel J6. J05 Cock & Hen "9 Cold Feather 217 Collection of Mammoth Pillows, A 70 ColorTrends, Inc. 287,314 Colorette 249 Columbia Emergency Water System 26J Columbia (seeComarco Wireless Technologies. Inc.) Colwell, David J2, 54, J05 Comarco Wireless Technologies, Inc. 2JO, J14 'Comeback' series 93 ComforTemp 300 Communications Furniture 71 CommunityEco-Design Network (CEN) JJ2 Compak SystemsLtd. 278.J14 CompaqComputerCorporation 254. J14 ComPoint 230 Composite Panel Associat ion (CPA)and Composite Wood Council (CWC) JJ8 Composite Wood Council (CWC) JJ8 CompostConverter 158 Concord Lighting '95, J14 Connell, Christopher 56, 57,J05 Conservation 288 Consortium on Green Design and Manufacturing (CGDM) JJl Constansta. Gonnie 75,305 Construcel 243 'context' and other Paperback papers 288 Conti, [ean-Rerni 165,3°5 Continuously Regenerating Trap (CRT) 218 Continuum 288 Conversation Chair 33 Co-op America's WoodWise Directory JJ5 Coral 86 CorbinMotors, Inc. '39,3'4 Core Plastics 265 Corkran, Julius T, and Alan Harp 204. J05 Corkscrew/ Lamp 94 Corn Card International, Inc. 283,

J14 Correx Plastics 296,314 Correx 296 Corrugated Packaging Association JJ8 CPM (Centrefor Environmental Assessment of Product and Material Systems) JJl Cramer,Dan 59,305 Crane & Company 288.J14 Cricket 17J Crisan, Adrian 254 CrissCross 241 Crowe Building Products 242,3'4 CRT (Continuously Regenerating Trap) 218 CUADRO 25' Cucina Duo 115 Cull-Uri Pack 211 Culpepper. Michael 4'. J05 CurtisFine Papers Ltd 288,3'4 Curva 205 Cutouts 188,314 da Silva. Ronaldo Edson 52. J05 Daedalus88 148 .

Daimler Chrysler 'J5, lJ9. 142. '44,J '4 Daimler ChryslerCCV 'J5 Dalen, Dr Gustaf 114 Dalsouple Direct Ltd 246. J14 Dalsouple 246 Dalton Lucerne Rare Fibres Ltd 290. J14 Danesesri 1]0,315 Dasic Aerostrip 299 Dasic International Ltd 299,316 David ZyneProductions 42,315 Daybed J6 De Denktank (Design Studio) 205,

lOS De Eurobank 227 de Haas, Marit '54, J05 De [onghe. Marc 266. J05 de Klerk, Sander 71. J05 de Leede, Annelies 1]2,3°5 DeckChair J6 Deep E Company 129,285. J15 DEKAResearch & Development Corporation 143,306 ,315 DELIGHT 196 Delite 145 DEMI JJl depart® 282 Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs JJ6 Design Academy Eindhoven 20, 2),5). ) 0. 7', 7J, 74. 75,81.128, '52, '54, '59. 165, 278,J06, J15, JJl Design for Environment Research Group JJl Designfor Sustainability Program JJl Designfor the Environment Multimedia Implementation Project 331 DesignPreis Schweiz 332 DesignSense 332 Designed to a '1' Ltd 98. '77, J06.

J15

Designiticn 331,338

Designteam 160,245. J06 DesignTex, Inc. 290,300,315 Deuber, Christian g8,306 Deutsche BahnAG 216,J15 Deutsche Cesellschaft fur Kunststoff-Recycling mb H JJ7 Deutsche Heraklith GmbH 284,

J15

DFE Research Group 336 Dia ]2 Digital Mavica FD7JH 161 Ditzel, Nanna 44,3°6 Diva (n) Paradox J7 Dixon. Robert '49. J06 Dixon,Tom 43,3°6 DMD 25,42,60.76 ,9°,227. J15 Dolphin-Wilding, Julienne J9, 5J. J06 DOM IN041JO Domus Academy 104,243, 250, J06. J15 Double-cup 176 Dougan,Brian 190,3°6 Dougherty, Brian 89. J06 Douglas-Miller, Edward 206. J06 Dr Kohmei Halada's LCAand ecodesign links 336 DrOola 200 Dranger, Jan (Dranger Design AB) 46. J06 Draught, The 52

-l:o

o

;;0 (l)

V1

o C

;:; (l)

V1

Index ~

o

;0 . ~

o C

~

rJ:

Driade SpA (Aleph)'9.32, \'.3'\

EddyWorkstation 200

Excel NE 264

Drinking Vessel

Ehlebracht AG

ExoFly TrapTM 271

177

2'3.3'\

Droog Design 2\. 42, 60. 74. 76. 90, ' 7 , '72, '76. 227. 306

Eiermann, Prof. E 50

Exosect (X02 Ltd) 271

EIUltimo Gnto 24. 30. 62. 77.83, 306

Eye of the Peacock,The 102 Faber, Oscar (Bill Dunster

306 Duales System Deutschland AG -

Electrically Power Assisted Steering

The Green Dot (Oer Gruner

Punkt) 333

' Dryden Resea rchCenter 222, 223,

DumfriesPlastics Recycling ltd

294.3 '\ Ltd/ DuPont. USA DuPont (UK) 301.3 '\ DuraCane 278 Duralay 2\0,3'\ Duraplast 292 Durawood 293 Dure x Avant! 180

(EPAS) 218 Electrolux, Electrolux Zanuss! 121,

FanWing 223.3, 6

'\7. \ 9. 3' \ ' Electrotexliles Ltd 3°0.3'\ Elex Tex' 300 ElfAtochem 287.3'6 e-light 97 Elster 179

Farm 2000 'HI' Boilers 252 Fasal corner joint 81

Furlmatic 1803 252 Furrows, Carnegie and Wintext

EMASEco-Management and Audit

Scheme 333 EMAS, EU 333 EnbiomassGroup, Inc. 285,316

Dyes 204 . 3' \

EnergyEfficiency and Renewable

Dyson. James/ Dyson Appliances 118.306,3

Energy Savings Trust 219

Earth Chair 37,3'\ Earth Chair® 37 EarthSquare' 246

Energy Star Program 333 Enlund, Teo 20\.3°6 EnPac 283.316 EnPol 282

Earthsleeper'''' 180 Easiboard and Easiwall 280 Eastman Chemical Company 282,

31\ Ecke, Albrecht/Ecke: Design 232.

241.306 Eco chair 40

EcoCharger 268 Eco Panel (Buchner Design

Studio) 278 Eco Panel (Recycled Plastics. Inc.) 292 Eco Solutions Ltd 299.3'\ eco table/sideboard 66

Energy Network (EREN) 336

Ensemble Bio 199

EnviroFil1 283 Environ'" 278 Environment Conscious Design and Manufacturing Lab

(ECDM) 331 Environmental Design Research

Association (EDRA) 332 Environm ental Polymers Group pic

230.282.293,3,6 Environmental Stone Products

29\.3 16 Environmental Stone 295 EnviroSafe Products, Inc. 292,316

EcoTimber International 281,3'5

Enviro$en$e 333

eco-ball ,81,3'\ eco-ball'" 181 Ecobasic '33 EcoClear® 296

Envirowise 336

EcoDesign Association 332

EcoDesignC@mpus 331 Ecodesign Foundation 332 EcoDesign Resource Society 332,

33\

EcoDesign seeNaturalChoice,

The Eco-Flow 282 Eco·Foam® 282 Ecole cantonale d'art de Lausanne

'4\.3 '\ Ecolo ,69 Ecologic, Inc, 228,315

Ecological Design Group, The 332 Ecology Design Prize 332

EcoMall 33\ EcoPLA 283: EcoPLA Business Unit (see Cargill Dow Polymers) ecoplanjecornent 245 Ecoplast 29\ EcoPure 289

Ecos 298 eco-shake® 240

EcoSpun® 300 Ecostar, Inc. 242,315

ECOSYS 208 Ecotone Ambiance Slimline 112 Ecover factory, Oostmalle, Belgium Project 238 Ecover/Ecover Products NV 181,

238.3 1\ Ecover® 181

USA 333,33\ FS-Linie 202

Fuel Catalyst 218

Dyson Dual Cyclone range 118

'\ E+Z Design 102,306

UK 333,33\ FSCForest Stewardship Council,

FanWing 223

eNDOSeAL 270 Enercon E066 2\3

Durex 180,315

Architects) 234

Frostex 293 FSC Forest Stewardship Council,

Faswall 29\ Faswall® 240 Federal Environment Agency 333

Feilden CleggArchitects 233.306 Feldmann & Schultchen '7', 183. 187. 3' 6 Felt 12 x 12 124

Feo, Roberto 24. 62. 306 Festo AG& Co, 224.2 38,3,6 Fiam Italia SpA 4\ .3,6 Fiat Auto SpA/Fiat Auto UK 133. 137. 316 fillers/insulation 284-8\ Filsol Ltd 2\3.3,6 Filsol Solar Collector 2\3

Gehry, Frank 0 49 . \3. 306 General Motors 134.135,1 41,216,

3

'7 GeorgiaInstitute ofTechnology 204 Gervasoni SpA 123,31]

GFX 2\4 Ghost 4\

FingermaxGbr 182,316 Fingermax 182 First Glow 295 FishGuidance Systems 270,316

Fish-lamp 88 Fiskeby Board Ltd 288. 3' 6 FL\ Range 164 Flamco 266.316 Flamp 94 Fleetwood. Roy 232,306 Fle xrcrm".. 278 Flexipal 73 Flexitec 217

Flint Ink 289.316 Flirt 88 Float Up VP 3\.316 Flo-Pak Bio 8 283

Eraser Chair 41

FordMotor Company 137,140,

Erik KroghDesign 49. 306

123. 306 Cebrnder Thonet GmbH 26. 3'7

Findlay-Form® 278

26\.3 16 Flower Pot Table \4 Flying Carpet 44 Fold 17\ FoldingTable \8 Forbo-Naim Ltd 247.316

Eric 41

Gasser, Danny and MichaelHort, BenSheperd and Quisinh Tran

Findlay Industries 278,316

EON 110 EPAS (Electrically Power Assisted Steering) 218 Episola 20\ Epoch 293 Epson Deutschland Gmb H 207. 316 EPSONStylus Scan 2000 207 ERF 219

fabric 290 Future \00. The 333 G90 '3\ GMN GmbH 261,306 GalleriStolen AB 38,3'7 Gallery 28 Carde re, Adrien 106.306

FlowControl Water Conservation

273.316 Fortunecookies (Jacob Jurgensen

Ravn) 124.3°6

Giasullo, Gia (seeSteinberg, Erez,

and Gia Giasullo) GibsonGuitars 165,31] Girand, Annand Brian Champian \8 .3 0 7 GiromachinesGmbH 150

Glas Platz 10\, '60.3'7 GlassKettle 116

Glass Sound 160 Glass Toaster 116

GlindowerZiegelei GmbH 24'. 3'7 Global EcolabellingNetwork (GEN) 333 Global Futures Foundation and

The Future \00 333 Global Shortwave radio 162

Gloria-Werke. H, SchulteFrankenfeld GmbH & Co, 117. 317

GlueMate M 28] gmp-Archttekten 216,3°7 Gomez Paz, Francisco 104

Good Design Award- Ecology Design Prize 332 Good Morning Miss Moneypenny

83 Goods 169.189.3'7

Erlus Baustoffwerke AG 241,316 Erosamat Type 1, iA, 2 270 Ersgoldbacher Linea 241

Foster &Partners 221,253,3°6

FoxFibre® 290 Frandsen Lysk ilde AS 9\.316

Govaerts Recycling NV 293,3' 7 Govaplast® 293

Es shelving 64 Escofet 1886SA 228.3,6 Espmark. Erik 92. 306 E-tech 1\7

FranmarChemical, Inc. 287,316

GP225 series 22]

Fred 234 FrederfctaFurniture A/S 28,44 ,

316

Ettenheim, George/Ettenheim

Free-Flow Packaging International,

Design 66. 306 EU EnergyLabelSchemefThe Save

Inc. 283,3,6 Freeplay EnergyEurope Ltd 110, 162.3 17 Freeplay Flashlight 110 Freeplay FPR2 162 Freeplay5360 162

Programme 333

Euro comfort...with an edgelt'' 129 European Design Centre 211,311 European EnvironmentAgency

336 European Foundation for the Improvement of Livingand Working Conditions 337

Europol 29\.3'6 EVI ' 34 EVEC 217 Evergreen 246

Freudenberg Bausysteme, Asto

Gossamer Albatross 148

Grammer AG 198.317 Gray and Adams 219 Grcic,Konstantin 64, 83, 1]8, 30] Green &Carter 26],31] GreenCotton@ 241

Green Dot, The

333

Green Field PaperCompany 288,

317 GreenStationery Company, The

33\ GreenDisk 206

GMbH (Divisionof

GreenDisk 206.3'7

Fredeunberg Nonwovens LP)

Greenwood CottonInsulation Products, Inc. 284,31] Gridcore Systems International

24\ .3

'7 Fritsch, Antoine 144.306 Fritz HansenA/S 199.204, 317 FrogDesign 18\ . 26\ . 306 FrontCorporation 56,31] Frontal 81

(GSI) 278.317: Cridcore'" 278 Cnffiths. Jason 8\ Grone, Ralfand DallasGrove 16],

3° 7

Index Ground Support Equipment (US) '9 6. 3' 7

Group for Efficient Appliances

(GEA) 334 Grundig '5 " Colour TV '64 Grundig AG '64, 3'7 Grune Punkt. Der 333 Grunert. Pawel 52.307 Grupa Dizajnera (see Jurinec,

Hunton Fiber (UK) l td 249.3,8 Hurum Fabrikker AS 288,3,8 Husqvama /The Electrolux Group '57, '59, 3,8 Hut Ab 83 Hutasoit. Renald i 21,307 Hutten, Richard 77.307 Hybrid Bike' Fahrrad' '44 Hypodown 284 I Just Moved In 6,

Ksenkja) C utxe. Marti 94.307 H. Schulte-FrankenfeldGmbH & Co. (see Gloria-Werke) Haasa 215.3'7 Haberli, Alfredoand Christophe Marchand ' 70. 307 Habitat 79.3'7 Hahn KunststoffeGmbH 293,3'7 Halada. Dr Kohmei 336 Hand (to Hold) 95 Hans Grohe GmbH & Co. KG 262.3'7

307.3,8 lBOI'" '43 iChef 114

Harp. Alan (seeCorkran, JuliusT

IDEO Product Development

and Alan Harp) Harris Directory. The 335 Harwood Products 281 ,317

Hatto n. Pamela 55.'70, 307 H aworth, Inc. '97,198,200,317 Hawtal Whiting Environmental

2'7,3'7 Hellos 223 Helmut 107 Hemp Textiles International

Corporation (HTI) 290.3'7 Henne Kunststoffe GmbH 293,

3,8 Heraflax 284 Hereford &Worcester County Council 237,307 Herman Miller, Inc. 196. '99, 305.

3,8 Hermann Miller Office Environment 199

Hermann, Anette, Designer, MOD

95,3 07.3 09

Organization GmbH (IFCO) 212,3 18 International Human Powered Vehicle Associat ion 338 International Inst itute of Sustainable Development

(liSD) 333.117 International Networkfor Environment Management

(INEM) 336

lain Sinclair Design 110,318

International Organization for

IBM IntelliStationE Pro 209

Standardization (ISO) 334 lntratlarn'" 281

IBM Personal Systems Group Design/IBM Corporation 209,

lchi, Yoshihiro 208,307 ICI Americas 296.3,8

ItalianEnergy Authority 229

ICVS (IntelligentCommunity VehicleSystem) '36 IDEOJapan 307

Italic 67 Ito, Setsu/Studio I.T.O. Design 56. 307

materiaux] 284,319 LaVie Prolongee 131

209.

111,

307

lORA (International Design Resource Awards) 332 iF (lndustrieForumDesign Hannover) 332 IFCO Returnable TransitPackaging

2'2 IFCO see International Food Container Organization

IfoCera range 264 He Sanitar AB 264,3 ,8 Iform ABjlnredningsform 34. 40, 3,8 ijs designers 50, 307

IKEA a.i.r. 46 IKEA of Sweden 65,3,8 Impression 29 Independence Technology 143,

3°7 INDEPENDENCE'" 3000 '43 Index

Induced EnergyLtd "4,3,8

[VAM Environmental Research 331

Jacobs. Camille '70.307 Jade Mountain 268, 335 Jakobsen, Hans Sandgren 28, 204,

3°7

JamDesign & Communications

ltd 55.63, 80, 307 Jerome. Mike ,63.307 Jiffy PackagingCompany ltd 2'4. 3,8 Jiffy® 2'4 John Makepeace and others (see Hooke Forest Ltd) johnsonCorrugated Products 282,

3,8 Johnson Matthey 2,8.3,8 [onger ius. HellalJongeriuslab 34, '7 2.307 Josef Meeth FensterfabrikGmbH & Co. KG 294.3,8 juiceCartons 182

Jump Stuff.Jump Stuff II '98 Junghans Uhren GmbH ,85.3,8 Kafus Environmental

3, 8 Hessels, Paul 258

Recycling (ICER) 337 inks 289 Inner Tube Ltd 13', 3,8

Heufler. Prof. Gerhard 271,307

Inner Tube,The 131

Hock Vertriebs GmbH & Co. KG 284. 3,8 Hofmann. Alfred '99,307 Hola Hoop 63 Holloplas 293 Holzweg 286.3,8

Innetak 298

lndust ries/ Kafus BioComposites 278,3,8 Kango ,83 Kant, Judith 70,3°7

(iF) 332

Inredningsform (see tform

ABjlnredningsform) Insight '34 lnstitut de la Duree 338

Homasote Company 279.318 Home Strip 299

Institutefor Engineering Design Austrian Ecodesign Information Point 331

Honda

Institute for loca l Self Reliance 335

Hopton Technologies 287.3'8 Hose r, Christopher 160

How Slowthe Wind 29 Hulsta 'Muvado ' range 82

Hulsta-Werkej Huls GmbH & Co. KG 82.3,8 Human Factors 175,3°7

Kucospan Life 279

Kwakkel, Eric-Jan '76.308

Kyocera Corporation 208, 261, 319 48 SolarLantern 111

Industry Council for Electronic

235.307

Kucospan (Kunz) 279,3'9:

for Standardization) 334 Isobord Enterprises 279.3,8: Isobord 279

Industrie Forum Design Hannover

Hooke ParkTrainingCentreand WestminsterLodge 235 Hoover Group 120,318 Hoover QuattroWhisperEasy Logic modelAE230 120 Hooverwardrobe 66 Hope House 234

Kronospan® 279 Kuckuck, Henner 22, 308

K-XFaswall Corporation, K·X

Herz 81 Hess Naturtexlilien, GmbH 126,

HookeForest {Construction} Ltd

Kontngs. Jan 60.3°8 KopfAG 225,226.3'9 Korb & Korb 204. 308 Kotkas, Aki '76 .308 KPProducts 289.3'9 KroghChair 49 Kronospan AG 279.3'9:

Inx Int ernational Ink Co. 289,318 ISO (International Organization

Hermes 144,318 Hertz. David 58, 307

'34. '36. 3,8 Hocgendljk. Martin 76, 307

Kolhonen, Pasi 22

Institutefor Sustainable Design

33' Institute of Packaging. The 338 insulation 284-85 Insulholz-Beton International,Inc.

295.3,8 Intelligent CommunityVehicle

System (ICVS) '36 lnterduct/Clean Technology Institute (CTI) 33' Interface, lnc.ylnterface EuropeAsia Pacific 246.248.301.3,8 Interfold 96.3,8 InterformDesign 220,307 International Design Resource

Awards (IDRA) 332 InternationalFoodContainer

jurinec,Ksenkja/Grupa Dizajnera

59,95.3 07

Karcher 670 M 117 Karisma 205

Karpf, Peter 34. 40. 308 Kartell SpA 6, .62 .3,8 Kartono, Singh S ,63,308 Kaststoel 73 Katayanagi, Tornu 45,3°8 Kautzky Mechanik 202,319

Kayak '56 KayserbergPackaging SA 2'0.3'9 Keirn M ineralPaints 298,319 Keirn Paints 298 Kendo Stitz 202 Kerr, Bernard and Pejack Campbell (seeBernard Kerr and Pejack

Campbell) KF N Kaufmann Produkt GmbH 234,235.308,3'9,320 Kids Furniture 48 Kieboom, Nickie 278,308

Killaars, Remko '58.3°8 Kloberltd 285.3'9 Klug, Ubald 65.82.308 Knotted Chair 48 Kokon 74 Kolaps-n-Tank 267

Industries 240. 295, 3' 9 LaChanvriere de l'Aube (lDCA

Patrick '75.308 lakeland Paints 298. 3' 9 lampholder 2000 pic '01.106 .

Laing .

112,3 19 Lampholder 2000 112 Landmark Design 23°,3°8

lap Desk '97 laybond Products Ltd 299,3'9 laybond Quickstock Green 299 Leahy WolfCompany 287.3'9 Leapt" Seating 201 Led anche 111,319 l ED ,oo·T E '95 lED® Decorl ED 113 ledge 57 Ledtronics 113,319

leg Over 49 Leggero Twist 153 LesAteliersdu Nord/Antoine Cahen 111 ,308 Levi Strauss, Inc. 127,319 Levis Engineered Jeans 127

lew San Ltd 272.3'9 Lewis, David 122,3°8 Lewis, Stan(see Sandham, John and StanLewis) Lexon Design Concepts 163,319 liebe, Thomas/AdRem Design

' 79

Life-Cycle Links by Thomas Gloria

336 LifeCycie 292 ufecycle' yarn 290 LightColumns. '995 '03 LightCorporation 111,319

LightWall2 96 LightWorks (CharliePaton) 236 Ligne Roset SA 106,3'9 Lignasil® 279 LignocelSA 279,3'9 linodur 249 linorette 249 1I N PAC Environmental kerbside

collection box 174

lINPAC Environmental '74.3'9 liquefied NaturalGas-Powered Vehicle 219 little Beaver 49 living Tree PaperCompany 289,

3'9

livos Pflanzenchem!e Livos 286

286,319

lloyd loom of Spalding 36,3'9 LockClad Terracotta Rainscreen

24' logamax plus GB112"9 (Linea) 255

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Index LaganaC124 255 ~

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Looker, Philip 29, J08 Loop 91 Lovegrove, Ross 19.108.199.308 Lovell, Mark (Bill Dunster Architects) 2J4 Low Living 75 LRC Products 18o, J1 9 LSK Industries Pty Ltd 212,J19 LSRGmbH Recycli ng·Zentrum 294, J20 Luceplan SpA 108, J20 Lumalight Lamp 96 Lumalux® 231 Lumatech Corporation 195.320 LUM INO Licht Elecktronik GmbH 220.320

Macchioni,S ergio/SMAC 88, 186, J08 Madera® 247 Mader6n 279 Maggi JO Maier-Aichen, Hansjerg 18g.308

Majestic Slate 242 Makepeace, Joh n, and others (see Hooke Forest Ltd) Malvinas 1}0 MAN Nutzfahrzeuge B & W Diesel AG 219, J20 MAP (Merchants of Australia Products) Pty Ltd 56, 57, 292, J20 Marchand, Christophe (see Haber!i, Alfredo and Christophe Marchand) Marczynski, Mike 216,308 Mari, Enzo 32,169.308 Marilyn.I Can SeeYour Knickers JO Marinho, Reginaldo 24J, J08 Marks & Spencer 219 Marlec Engineering Co. Ltd 251, 2 52 , 320

Marmoleum@ Real/Fresco 247 Marmorette 249 Marriott , Michael 5J, J08 Martin, Guy JJ, J08 MasoniteCorporation/Masonite CP 279, 28o, J20 Massachusetts Instituteof Technology '48 , J20 Mater-Bi 283 Material Connexion 335 MatrixComposites, Inc. 247,279. J20 Max Fordham & Partners 233 MAZIN 283 McCrady, Paul '48, J08 McDermott, Ruth 86, J08 McDonagh, Julie l Jl , J08 McDonoughBraungart Design Chemistry, LLC 290, J08 MDD 96, J20 Meadowood Industries. Inc. 279, J20 Meadowood panels and sheeting 279 Medite ZF 279 Mega 1 185 Mega Solar 185 Mehabit 284 Meller Marcovicz, Gioia 72.79. J08 Meta Morf, Inc . 21, J6, 48, 108, 'SS' J20 Metabolix, Inc. 28J, J20 Metpost Ltd '58, J20 Metronomis 231

Metropolitan Express Train GmbH see Deutsche Bahn AG Metropolitan Express Train 216 MGSL GmbH 294, J20 MichaelKaufmann Zimme rei see KFN Kaufmann Produkt GmbH Micro Thermal Systems 300,3 20 MicroBore 159 Microclimate 116 Microll am® 244,281 Miles, J R 7J, J08 Milk-bottle Light 90 MillenniumWhole Earth Catalog JJ5 Milliken & Co. 246, J20 Mimid 271 Mind the Gap 77 Mini Desk Lamp 98 Min-Lynx Ambience 11 2 Minolta, Japan 208, 320 Mirandolina 31 Miss Ceiling Light 90 Miss Ramirez 24 Mister Sunnyboy 265 Miyashita. Shin 161 . 308 Model 290F chair 26 Model 4070 furniture 201 Modena 245 Moerel. Marre 23,87, 100,178, J08 Moinat, Christophe ; 45, J08 MoistureShield 292 Molls]o, Carina 29' , J08 Monodraught Ltd 242, J20 Monotub Industries 119,320 MoonlightAussenleuchten GmbH 107,3 20 Moonlight M FL 107 Moore, Isabelle J9, J09 Moormann Mabel Produktionsund Handels GmbH 64, J20, J21 Moormann, Nils Holger (Moormann Mobel) 83, J21 Mooving Image 55 Morphy One project 168 Morris, Steve (seeThorp, Ian and Steve Morris) Morrison, Jasper J5, 5', 54, 59,J09 MrToyozo (seeToyozo, Mr) MSKCorporation 258.320 MUJlAIR sofas 46 Mult fboard Kraft, Offset, Ecofrost 288 Multibridwind energyconverter 256 Multipla, Multipla Hybrid Power lJ6 Mullisync® LT 140 209 MusclePowertoothbrush 184 MusclePower, MOY 184,320 'Muvado'range 82 N2 66,76,98, J09 N.C.F.R. Homasote® 278 N Fornitore 157.321 NASA 222, 22J, J09 NationalAssociation of Paper Merchants (NAPM) JJ4, JJ8 NationalCentre for Business and Sustainability JJJ NationalCouncils for Sustainable Development 337 National Recycling Forum 335, JJ7 NationalStarch & Chemical Company 282, 320 Nativa Rubber 285 Natura 198

Natural Choice, The (EcoDesign) 286, J15, J20 Natural Collection JJ5 NaturalCottonColours. Inc. 2g0, J20 Natural Fibers Corporation 284. J20 Natura! Gourd Packaging 211 Nature Technology Symbiosis 74 Nature'sChoiceTrellisRange 158 Naur, Mikala 88, J09 Navigator series 228 N ECDeutschland GmbH 209, J21 N ECAR 4 142 Nervo, Paulo 7J, J09 Netlon Group, The 272, J21 New LeafPaper 288,321 New Nomads 127 New Uses Council JJ5 News Design DfE AB 46, J21 Nexus Cycle 145 NH oOl 296 Niemeir,Tim 156, 309 . Nifty Palmtop Users Group/ Nifty Hewlett Packard PCuserforum 168,J09 Nighteye GmbH 'SS' J21 NIGHTEYE® '55 Nijland, Paul 57,J09 Nils Holger Moormann Mobe l Produktion s- und Handels GmbH see MoormannMobel Nimbus 231 Nisso Engineering Co Ltd (NSEI 110,321 Nomad 78 Non-Stop Doors (NSD) 255 Non-Stop Shoes (NSS) 254 Nordsjo seeAkzoNobel Dekorativ Ncr elj Unisource 283.321 North Wood Plast ics, Inc. 29J, J21 Northern Fleet Chandelier 91 NovaCruz Products LLC 150, J21 Nova Form/Kautzky Mechanik 202, 321 NovamontSpA 283.321 Novon International 283.321; Novon® 28J Novotex A/S 29' , J21 NSD [Non-Stop Doors) 255 NSS (Non-Stop Shoes) 254 Nuna Corporation 291,300,32 1 Nutshell Natural Paints 286, J21 Nutshell® 286 NuvoMedia, Inc. 167,321 02 Network JJ2 Oak Product Design 172,309 Oasischairs 19 Obinjo 98 Ocean Kayak '56, J21 Ohlsson, Daniel 129, J09 0hre, [anne 96, J09 Oko-Lavarnat86720"" 119 Old Fashioned Milk Paint Company 286, J21 OptareInternational 221, 321 Orange 27J,J21 ORBITA Film GmbH 296, J21 Origami Zaisu 31 Orso Design (Marc De Jonghe) 266 Orso Rain Collector 266 OS Color 286 Oslapas. Arunas 190.309 Osram Sylvania 231 .321

Ostermann & Schefwe 287, 321 Osterreichische Heraklith AG 284, J21 OTO chair J4 Otterskin 300 Oxfarn/Core Plastics 265, J09 'Oxfam bucket' 265 Oxo International 175. 310, 321 OZ 2J 121 P2000 HFC Prodigy lJ7 P T SudimarEnergi Surya 258,321 P. Schi ebel Elektronische Cerate AG 27' , J21 P.C.D. Maltron Ltd 207, J22 PHA 28J PLA 28J Pacific Beard" 280 PacificGold Board 280 Pacific Northwest Fiber 280,321 Padr6s, Emili 254, 255, J09 PagePr08 208 paints/ varnishes 286.87,2 98' 99 Pallecon 3 Autoflow 212 Palluco Italia SpA 98, J21 PaloAlto Products International 167, J09 Pan European Forest Certification (PEFC) JJ4, JJ5 Papa-Papel 52,J22 Paperback papers 288 Paperback 289, J22 papers 288·89 Papertex 247 Papier Teppich 248 Paradigma CPCStar 256 Parallam® 244 Partek Insulations, Inc. 294,3 22 Partek 294 Partner Electric 220 Patagonia 154, 322 Paton, Charlie 2J6, J09 Payne, Terry 242 Pedal Lawnmower 159 Pellone. Giovanniand Means, Bridget/ Benza, Inc. 185, J09 Pendlewood 228, J22 Pesavento, Luciano and Roberto Pezzetta 121,309 Pet PodT'" 187 Peugeot/Peugeot Motor Co pic 220,3 2 2 Pharos Floor Lamp 99 Phenix Biocomposites, LLC 278, J22 Philips Corporate Design 11 5, 127. 128, 160,1 64, 166, '95, 2Jl , J09 Philips Ecotone Ambiance "3 Philips Electronics NV 11 5, 116. 160, 16J,164, 166, '95, 2Jl, J22 Philips Lighting BV 112, "J, J09 Philips, Stephen/Stephen Philips Design 92, J09 PhoenixThermos 186 Pickup,The 149 Picto 202 Pierce International, Inc. 280.3 22 Pillet, Christopher '9, J09 Pin Up Clock 185 Pinnacle Technology, Inc. (PTI) 296, J22 Pinturas Proa 298, 322 Plaky 56 Planet DC 121 Planet 121,322 PlanexGmbH 294, J22 Plant Polymer Technologies, Inc. 284, J22 plastic profiles 29J'94

Index Plastics fth Industry Ltd 29, J22

Re-NewWood 240, 323 Renewable Energy Policy Program

Scholler Textil JOo, J2J Schraag 57

SolarMoon Portable Renewable

Plaswood 294

Play It Again Sam JOo Plug It 62

(REPP) JJ6 Re- Reluma GmbH 294. J2J

Sch reuder, Hans 184,310 Scimat 700/Jo and 700/J5 268

Plumbers' Cart 152

Resincore 280

SciMAT l td 268, J2J

Plush Tap 265 Ply Chair J5 Plyboo J5 PLYBOO® 248 P0/9902C·D 100 P0 98 l0 /lOC, " /"c' 12/12C 99 Pod Floating Lounger '55

ReSy GmbH JJ4 Retail Place lt d 7J. J2J

Scottish EcoDesignAssociation

Solar Mower 159 SolarOffice, Duxford International Business Park 236 Solar Powered Service Station

(SEDA) 332 Sculptures-Jeux 94, J2J sdb Industries bv 66,76, J2J

Canopy 259 Solar Shingle-SHR" 7, The 258 Solar Solutions (UK)ltd 2Jl,324

Seawater Greenhouse,The 236 Seiko Epson Corpora tion 207,310 Sensa Tlo! Pen 206 Sensor Sportswear 128 Sensor Systems Watchman 217,

Sotans"

J2J SETAC (Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry), USA JJ6 SETAC, A'ia/PaCifi c JJ6 SETAC, Europe JJ6 Seymour Powell ltd '45, JlO SheffieldUniversity 269 Shelf System 69 Shell 65 Shetka, Stanley 46, JlO; ShetkaBoard 280

Sony Corporation Design Center

Pod Lens 108

Retreeve 288 Re-vislon' v printing paper 289 Rexarn 213,323

Rexite SpA 17J, J2J Rexpak'" 213 Reykjavik 248

POLTI Ecologico AS810 117 Polti SpA 117,118, J22

RIBASustainability Award 2000

POLTIVaporetto 2400 118

RibeiroBandeira de vienna . Manuel 104 nese und mullerGmbH 145,323 Rilsan 287 Ritter Energie-und Urnwelttechnik

Polvara, Giulio 62, J09 Polyana® 420 27J Poly-Beek-Kunststoff-HandelsGmbH 294, J22 polymers 296'97 Polyp 86 Polyvalpic 282, J22 Porcelain Stool, The J4 Porous Pipe Ltd '59, J22 Porsche, FA 208, J09 PostIt Lamp 101 Potmolen Paints 287, 322

Pouffe (by Erik Bakker) 75 Pouffe (by Isabell Moore) J9 PowabykeLtd ' 5' , J22 Powabyke range 151

POWER Cell 257 Powe rglass® 105

JJJ

GmbH & Co. KG 256, J2J Robert Cullen & Sons l td 211 , J2J Robostacker 63

ROCKET eBOOK 167 Rocky Mountain Institute 338 Rodman Industries 280,323

Rogers, Mark 184. JlO Rohner Textil AG 290, J2J Roland Plastics. Strida ltd ' 46, J2J Rollerbag 187 Rolls Royce 224, J2J Ron Ink Company 289. J2J Rondo 117

PowerMakers PlusLtd 218,322 Prairie Forest Products 280, 322

Rothlisberger Sch relnerei AG 65,

PReConsultants BV JJ7 Premsela & Vonk 214,J09

RotterdamAcademy of Architecture &Urban Planning

Presswood Pallet 213 Preta Porter 125, 3° 9 Priestman, Paul 123,309

Pnmeboard. Inc.

281,322

Prins DokkumBV 218, 309. 322 Prius 138

Product 2000 lt d 295. 322 Product-LifeInstitute, The JJ8

82, J2J 211 Royal Institute of British Architects

JJ2 Royal MelbourneInstitute of

Technology JJl Ruano, Maria 172 , 3 10 Rutland 913Windcharger 251

5 Chair 4J

Produkt Entwicklung Roericht 202,

Sadler, Marc 250,310

J09 PROFORM Design '55, J09 Propadex 297 Proterra BV JJ5 Puotila, Ritva 247.309 Pureprint 2]1 PURUS KunststoflWerke GmbH 294, J22 q-bac 42 Quentin 87 RH Sustainable Design 104,3°9 RA 226 RA82 225 Radius Gmb H 89, J22

Safe Tap 266 Safeglass (Europe) lt d 295, J2J Safeglass 295

Ragchair 42

Savaplug 268

Rattan bicycle 147 Rayotecltd 260, J22 RCP2 4J RealGoods JJ5 RECOUP JJ7 Recycled Plastics , Inc. 292, 323

Recydur® 294 Red Bank Manufacturing Company

24 J2J

Reed ',Corrugated Cases 215, 323

Reedy. Colin 21, J6, 48, J09 REEEl 77.176, J2J Rein '58, J2J Remarkable Pencils Ltd 206, J2J Remarkable Recycled Pencil 206 Remy, Tejo 42,60.90, J09

Sailbuoy Canvas 102

Sait 56 Saitek Industries Ltd 268,323 Salvo JJ5 Sams Design 21S, 310 Sanders, Mark 146,310 Sandham, John and Stan Lewis 272, 310

Sanford UK 205, J2J SantoRoy 9' , JlO Santoprene® 297 Sava tree 288

SAVAWatt (UK ) ltd 268, J2J Save A Cup Recycling Compan y 206 . J2J Save A Cup 206 Save Programme , The JJJ Save Wood Products ltd 29J, J2J Savvy 166 SCHAFER ECO KEG 214 Schafer WerkeGmbH 214, J2J Schauman Wood Oy 280. J2J; Schauman Wisa® 280 Schmid, Herbert (see Steinmann,

Peter and Herbert Schmid) Schneider, Wulf, Prof.and Partners

26, Jl0

EnergyUnit 258

Lantern

111

Solarshuttle 66 (Helio) and RA82 225 Solo 221

Solvay Plastiques SA 282, J24 161, J24 Sony nat-screen coffee table 55 Southampton Innovations Ltd

27J, JlO, J24 Soy Clean 287 Soy Environmental Products, Inc.

287, 324 Sparrow 139

Spiga 82

Shiotani, Yasushi 161 ,310

Spinchairs 19 Spiralbaum 171 Sponge Vase 171

Showa Highpolymer Co. 296, 324 Shumacher, Sheri 69. JlO

Spores 86 Spring J8

Silencio 6 249 Simmons,Roland 96,310

Sprocket 21

Simplex Products 280, J24 Simplicitas 20S, 324

SINE seat 229 Single-handed Keyboard 207 Skoot International Ltd 15°,324

Skoot '50 Skystreme 729 model 156 Skystreme UKlt d '56, J24 SU li ghting lt d 112, J24 SlickSlick 20 Slough Rubber Company l td '5J, J24 SL-Torch 111

SMAC

186, J08

Smart Car 139 Smart Deck 250 Smart Design seeOXQ International SmartDeck Systems 250, 324

SmartWood les Paul 165 SmartWood® Program JJ4, JJ5 Smith & Fong Company 248, J24 Smith Anderson & Co. ltd 289, J 24 Smith. Janice 47. Jl0 Snow 22,3 24 Society for Responsible Design

(SRD) JJ2 Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

(SETAC) JJ6 Society of the Promotion of Life-

CycleAssessment (SPOLD) JJ6 Sofanco 228 Soft Box 100

.

SRAM 9.0 sl '52 SRAMCorporation 1S2, 324 Staber Industries, Inc. 120,324 Staber System 2000 121 Stachowi cz, Wojtek 101 , 310 Stairmate 272

Starch Tech, Inc. 284. J24 Starck, Philippe 20,51 , 61, 20 0,

262, JlO Stark, Herbert Dr, Kopf AG 225. JlO Startup, JasperlStartup Design 69, 90,99, 12J, Jl0 Staton, John M 109, JlO Steelcase, Inc. 201, 324 Steinberg, Erez and Cia

Giasulio/Studio eg 20J, JlO Steinmann, Peter, and Herbert

Schmid 85, JlO Sten 65 STEP 204 Stichting Art Depot 10J. Jl0 Sto kbo rd " 292 Stomatex 300

sTRAKA ' PORTs '50, J24 Stramit 280, 324 Strandwood Molding, Inc. 280, J24 Stratica 249

Street light F 2J2 Strida 2 146 Studio Brown (seeBrown, Julian) Studio eg (Steinberg, Erez, and

Giasullo, Gia) 20J, J24 Stul, SE 68. 1998 50 Stumpf, Bill. and Don Chadwick

Soh Fan 12J Soft Vase, The 172

(see Herman Miller, Inc.) Styradex Plastics Recycling 297, J2 4

Soil Association 334

Styradex 297

Solar Bud 108 Solar Century Holdings ltd 260, Jl0, J24

Sugasawa, Mitsumasa 31,310 Sun Catcher 261 Sundeala Medium Board Screen

Solar Cooker 115 Solar Cookers International 115, J 24 Solar Electric Vehicle 221 Solar Homes Systems 2S8

Sundeala 285 Sun-Mar Corporation 264, 324 SunPipe 242 Sunways Gesellschaft fur

202

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Solartechnik mbH 257.324 Super Duralay 250 Supercool AB , 22. 324 Supercool'" box 12 2 Supercool' 122 Supine Work Station 204

Suppanen. llkka 22.44.3'0 SU·SI 235 Sustainability Source?", Inc., USA

Titshirt 128

TKO Design 119 TN O Institute of Industrial

Technology 337 Tolstrup. Nina 175,310 Tonwerk Lausen AG 261,325 Top Box 214 Topen, Paul 98.310 Topelino 261

335 Sustainabihty Web Ring 338 Sustana® leather 28S

Toy Chair 51 Toyota (GB) plcfToyota Motor

Sutton Vane Associates 109, 324

Toyozo, Mr (Nifty Palmtop Users Group) 168

Swabtan ROWA 284 Sycamore Fan 123 Sylvania Design Team/Sylvania ligh ting International 112,214,

310 Sylvania 214 Synchilla® Snap T® '54 Syndecrete® 295 Syndesis, Inc. 58.295, )24 THL Iron Woods® 281 Table 0.85 x t.aom 57 Table Chair 77 Table Lamp 77 Table c e-u 59 Table-into-Chest-o f-Drawers ]1

Tam, Roy 32.54,310 Tank Signal System 217 Teams Design 117,310 Tectan 201, 292,324

Tedlar" laminate 259 Teisen Products Ltd 252,324 Teknos Tranemo AS 298, 325

Tellus Institute 338 TENCEL®fashion garments 125 TENCEL® 241 Tendo Co. Ltd 3'. 325 Tensar® range 2]2

Teppich-Art-Team 248.310 Terra Grass Armchair 157 Terratex 301 Terrazo Felt'Colour Chips' 291 Terraza® Felt 'N uno' 291

Tetrapak Lld/Tetrapak, Germany 292,3 25 Textile Environment Network

(TEN) 337 Textile Recycling Association (TRA) 337 textiles 290-91, 300-01

TH!NKCity 140 TH!NKNordic AS/ THINK Mobility ' 40, 325 Thallemer,Axel/Festa Corporate Design 224

Therma-Float Ltd 301.325 Therma-Pore.Therrna-Hoat, Therrna-Foit 301

Thermo·Hanf® 284 Thermomax@ 260

Thermo-ply 280 Thinking Man's Chair 51

Thoma s. Deborah 9' . 3' ° Thorp. Ian, and Steve Morris 153,

3' °

Thorpe, Clarkson and Steve Beukema seeHaworth, Inc. Three and One-Half M inutes 80 Thun, Matteo 243,310 Tflder. Henk 233. 310

Timber Holdings Ltd 281.3 25 timbers, specialist 281 Timberstrand@ 244;

Timberstrand® LSL 28, Titan Design Studio 191,310 Titan 119

Corporation 138,325

Trachsel, Sonja 131,310 Trannon Furniture lt d 32,54,325 Transform Plastics ltd 294,325 TransitChair 27

Traveller 187.325 Tree Masts 273 Treetrunk Bench 227 Trent 700 224 Trevira GmbH & Co. KG 301,3 25 Trevira NSKjTrevira CS 301 Triax 141

Trinidad No. 3298 44 TRISIT2000 272 Tnsit Textiltechnologie GmbHfTrisit Design 272,325

Trojan Battery Company 268.325 Trojan L-1 6 268 Trubridge, David 23. 311 Trusjcist MacMillan (TJM) 244. 281,3 25 TRW luc as VarityElectrical Steering 218,325 Tsola 109

Tube 98 Tucan 232 Turris 69

Tykho ' 63 Tyvek 30' u-sox 189 Umweltbundesamt 333 Underwood 250

UNHCRshelter 237 Uni Walton 249 UnicorCorporation 292, 325 Unicor 292 Uni-Solar 258.260,325 United Nations Environment Programme 336 United Nations Sustainable

Development 338 Universal Master Products 270,

325 Universal Pulp Packaging 87, 325 Universityof Technology. Delft 21],220,3 11 University of Eindhoven (Building InitiativeEnvironmental

Standards) 238,3" University of Southampton 273 UrethaneSoy SystemsCompany

(USSC) 297. 325 US Environmental Protection

Agency 336 US EPA EnergyStar Office Equipment 334

Vanguard Ecoblend'... 289 VarioPacDisc Systems GmbH

213, 3" . 325 Vario·Pac@ 213 Varity Perkins 219 Varney, James 47,3 11

varta Batteries AG/Varta AG 269. 325 Vauxhall Motors Ltd/General Motors '35.325

Instruments 206,311,326 Williamson, Damian 23,311

WillowBank. The 281.326

Velcro 301,325

Wilson, Neil 101,311

Wind 123 Windcheetah 146

Velthuizen, A J 211,311 Venetian blinds 243

Wintext fabric 290 Wire Frame Reversible Bench 78

'Wissel' Horse Saddle. The '54

Vestfrost A/S 122,325

WKR Altkunststoffproduktions-

Vestfrost BK350 122

und Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH 294.3 26 Wood-Com 293 Woodnotes Oy 247,326 Woolbloc 284

Vetropack ' 79,326 vink. Frits. Ing. 98.311 Viper 204 Virtual Daylight' " Systems 195 Vision Paper 289,326 vts ton'v printing paper 289

Vitra (Internatio nal) AG 35,49, 53. 200, 237.326 Viva 104

VK & C Partnership (Ian Cardnuff and Hamid van Koren) 87,229,

3".3 26 V-Mail Camera 160 Vogelzang, Marije 128,3 11

Volkswagen AG/Volkswagen (UK) 141, 326 Vorwerk & Co, Teppichwerke

GmbH & Co. KG 245.326 Vuarnesson, Bernard 94. 311 VulcanRam 26] VW Lupo 3LTDI 141

World Business Council for SustainableDevelopment 333 World Resources Institute 338 Worms @ Work (see Wiggly

Wigglers) Wuppertal lnstitute 338 Wurz, Gerard 202,311 ww.modcons (Warren, William)

326 Xenlum' v 939 Dual Band 166 XeroxCorporation/ Xerox (UK) Ltd 208. 326 Xerox@ Document Centre 470 and 460® series 208 X-In Balanceworkplace screen

202 X K Series 195

'W' High Efficiency Motor 269 Wagga-Wagga 170 Wagner & Co. Solartechnik GmbH 266,326 Wall Bracket 106 Wall, R S 211

'XU ' KitChair 53 XO 20, 326 X02 Ltd (Trading as Exosect) 27', 326

Walpole,loi s 182,311 Wanders Wonders BV 1]1,326

Yemm & Hart Ltd 293.294 .326

Wanders. Marcel 48,78.99.17' . 176, 311 Wannet, Edwin 74,3 11 Warren, William 175,311 Waste Watch and National

Recycl ing Forum 335. 337

XootrCruz 150 Yamanaka , Kazuhiro 29,311 YKK Architectural Products, Inc.

232,3 26 Yurkievich, Gaspard 125,311 174

Zago'

Zanotta SpA 3' , 326 Zanussi Industrial DesignCentre (see Electrolux Zanussi)

Water Tech Industries 263.326 WaterFilm Energy 254, 326

Zbryk. Burges 103.3" Zillig, Michel '52.3"

Waterless UKLtd 267, 326

Zimmerei Michael Kaufmann 234,

Waterles s Urinal System 267

235 Zorg 52

Wave 76 Wegtauchen 76 Well Design Associates 266,311 Wellman PET Resins

Europe/Wellman, Inc. 296. 300 .3 26 Weobley Schools Sustainable Development 23]

Werth Forsttechnik 1]1. 326 We".lit AG + Co. 213. 326

US Green Building Council 332

Uwe Braun GmbH 232.325 vaccan Ltd 180. 187.325

Wharington International Pty ltd

Valvestem Candlestick 104 van de Voorde, Patrick 113,311 van Koten. Ham id (see VK & C

Whirlpool 63. 326

Partnership)

326

Wilkhahn + Hahne GmbH & Co. 202, 326 Willamette Europe Ltd 280.326 wtllat, Boyd/ Willat Writing

Velcro® 30' Veloland Schweiz ' 56, 3", 325 Veloland '5 6

Westminster l odge and Hooke Park TrainingCentre 235 Wettstein. Robert A 22,41 ,81,179,

van Maanen, Martiijn 2] , 311 van Severen, Marlin 57,311

WiggyWigglers '58,326 Wilde & Spieth GmbH & Co. 50.

3" .3 26 56, 292,32 6 Wheatboard t ... 280 Wiegand, lore nz 67,311 Wiesendanger, K6bi 61,311 Wiggleseries chairs 53

Zumbuhl, Hugo, and Peter BirsfelderfTeppich-Art-Tearn

248