The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader, Vol. 2: Exegetical Texts

The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader

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The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader

PART 2

e xegetic al te xts

Edited by Donald W. Parry & Emanuel Tov With the assistance of Nehemia Gordon and Carli Anderson

BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2004

Printed on acid-free paper Cover Art: Lika Tov, Jerusalem (‘Wadi Qumran’[based on 4Q416 2]) Cover Design: Coördesign, Leiden Transcriptions and translations published in the series Discoveries in the Judean Desert are reproduced by permission of Oxford University Press and/or the individual editors. New transcriptions and translations prepared by M.G. Abegg, Jr., J. Bowley, and E. Cook are reproduced by permission of the authors. Translations published in M. Wise, M.G. Abegg, Jr., E. Cook, The Dead Sea Scrolls: A New Translation (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1996) are reproduced by permission of the authors. Transcriptions and translations from Y. Yadin, The Temple Scroll (Jerusalem 1983) are reproduced by permission of the Israel Exploration Society. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data LC Control Number 2003062757 ISBN Part 2: 90 04 12648 1 ISBN Set: 90 04 13578 2 © Copyright 2004 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. Printed in The Netherlands

CONTENTS (For the contents of the complete volume see the back of this part.) GENERAL INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION TO PART 2

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A. PESHARIM: THEMATIC PESHARIM 4Q174 (Flor = MidrEschata?), 177 (Catena A = MidrEschatb?), 178 (Unclass. frags. = MidrEschatc?), 182 (Catena B = MidrEschatd?) (4Q174, 177, DJD V, 1968; WAC with Gordon); (4Q178, DJD V, 1968; Gordon); (4Q182, DJD V, 1968; Allegro with Gordon) 4QAgesCreat A (4Q180) (DJD V, 1968; Allegro with Gordon) 4QAgesCreat B (4Q181) (DJD V, 1968; Allegro with Gordon) 11QMelch (11Q13) (DJD XXIII, 1998)

2

20 22 24

B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM Isaiah (1): 4Qpap pIsac, 4QpIsae (4Q163, 165, 515 [papUnclassified frags.]) (4Q163, 165, DJD V, 1968; WAC with Gordon); (4Q515, DJD VII; Gordon) Isaiah (2): 4QpIsaa–b,d (4Q161–162, 164) (DJD V, 1968; Allegro with Gordon) Hosea: 4QpHosa–b (4Q166–167) (DJD V, 1968; Allegro with WAC and Gordon) Micah: 1QpMic (1Q14) (DJD I, 1955; WAC with Gordon) Micah: 4QpMic? (4Q168) (DJD V, 1968; Gordon) Nahum: 4QpNah (4Q169) (DJD V, 1968; Allegro with WAC and Gordon) Habakkuk: 1QpHab (Abegg; WAC with Gordon) Zephaniah: 1QpZeph, 4QpZeph (1Q15, 4Q170) (1Q15, DJD I, 1955; Gordon); (4Q170, DJD V, 1968; Allegro with Gordon) Psalms: 1QpPs, 4QpPsa–b (1Q16, 4Q171, 173) (1Q16, DJD I, 1955, WAC with Gordon); (4Q171, 173, DJD V, 1968; Allegro with Gordon)

30

52 58 66 72 72 78 92

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C. COMMENTARIES 4QCommGen A (4Q252) (DJD XXII, 1996) 4QCommGen B (4Q253) (DJD XXII, 1996)

106 112

4QCommGen C (4Q254) (DJD XXII, 1996) 4QCommGen D (4Q254a) (DJD XXII, 1996) 4QTanú (4Q176) (DJD V, 1968; WAC with Gordon) 4QCommMal (4Q253a) (DJD XXII, 1996)

112 116 116 128

D. HALAKHIC MIDRASH 4Qpap cryptA Midrash Sefer Moshe (4Q249) (DJD XXXV, 2000)

130

E. OTHER EXEGETICAL TEXTS 4QTest (4Q175) (DJD V, 1968; WAC with Gordon) 4QList of False Prophets ar (4Q339) (DJD XIX, 1995) 4QpapBibChronology ar (4Q559) (Cook; WAC)

134 136 136

F. UNCLASSIFIED TEXTS 3QpIsa (3Q4) (DJD III, 1962; Gordon) 4QPesher on the Apocalypse of Weeks (4Q247) (DJD XXXVI, 2000) 4QpUnid (4Q172) (DJD V, 1968; Allegro with Gordon) 4QMidrEschate? (4Q183) (DJD V, 1968; Allegro with Gordon) 4QNarrative C (4Q462) (DJD XIX, 1995)

GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS

140 140 140 142 144

I

GENERAL INTRODUCTION The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader (DSSR) presents for the first time all the nonbiblical Qumran texts classified according to their genres, together with translations, in six separate parts.1 Some twenty previously unpublished texts are included in this edition (see notes 10–11). The purpose of DSSR is to enhance the research facilities of the individual texts within their respective genres. The nature of the Dead Sea Scrolls publication project was such that texts belonging to the same literary genre were published in different volumes in the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert (DJD) series, although those from cave 4 were often published by subject. The dispersion of these texts in several different volumes complicated their analysis, a problem that is now overcome in DSSR. The great majority of the Hebrew and Aramaic texts included in this edition represent the content of the FARMS database of the Institute for the Study and Preservation of Ancient Religious Texts, Brigham Young University. This database is based on the totality of the non-biblical texts included in DJD, supplemented by a sizeable number of previously published and unpublished texts in new editions by M. G. Abegg, E. Cook, and M. Wise (see note 7 below). Classification. The classification in this edition closely follows the list published by A. Lange with U. Mittmann-Richert in the introductory volume to the DJD series.2 Recognizing the subjective nature of any classification, we accept ———————————————————————-—————— 1

Several persons helped us in this cooperative effort. The bulk of the material was incorporated in the FARMS database (see below) over the course of many years, mainly by Irena Abramian, aided by programming provided by J. Doug Bayless. Irena’s insights and careful treatment of the texts provided the basis of the present edition. FARMS and Brigham Young University are to be thanked for their part in the preparation of the Hebrew transcriptions, which were originally prepared for the electronic publication: E. Tov, ed., The Dead Sea Scrolls Database (Non-Biblical Texts) (The Dead Sea Scrolls Electronic Reference Library, vol. 2; Prepared by the Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies [FARMS]) (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1999). M. G. Abegg and E. Cook kindly provided us with electronic copies of a sizeable number of additional texts (originals and English translations) which had not been included in the original FARMS database. A few texts present completely new text editions prepared by Abegg and Cook (see n. 7). These texts had originally been prepared by these two scholars for Abegg’s database, which forms the basis for the Qumran module in the Accordance computer program (Oaktree Software, see http:// www.oaksoft.com/) and his preparations for the printed concordance: M. G. Abegg, Jr. with J. E. Bowley and E. M. Cook, The Dead Sea Scrolls Concordance I. The Non-biblical Texts from Qumran (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2003). In the translations by Wise, Abegg, and Cook as well as in DJD I– VII, many sections and lines were lacking, and these have now been skillfully added by N. Gordon of Jerusalem, who incorporated his new translations together with corrections to the original translations into those of Wise–Abegg–Cook. In such cases, the name of N. Gordon has been added to the acknowledgements. Ayelet Tov-Sagi proofread all the DJD texts against the printed volumes. It is our impression that no detail escaped her trained eye, but we take blame for all oversights. In the Provo office, D. Fry, Carli Anderson and M. Grey copy-edited and formatted the transcriptions and translations professionally and skillfully. In the Jerusalem office, Janice Karnis copy-edited large parts of the edition applying to them her good sense of style. 2 “Annotated List of the Texts from the Judaean Desert Classified by Content and Genre,” in The Texts from the Judaean Desert—Indices and an Introduction to the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert Series (ed. E. Tov; DJD XXXIX; Oxford: Clarendon, 2002) 115–64.

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The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader this one almost without change,3 since the inner logic of a classification should be adopted in its entirety. The subjective nature of each classification proves to be problematic. Scholars conceive of several compositions in different ways, often resulting in their classification under different headings. Some of these compositions admittedly belong to more than one literary genre, so that they may be classified rightly in different places, or often in two places at the same time. As much as possible, a classification needs to be based on insights into the content, at the same time leaving the door open for different views visible through double classifications and/or a series of notes. A classified list differs from a text edition in that the former can allow itself to present texts in different places, while the latter obviously will present a text only once. A text edition based on a classification therefore needs to provide appropriate cross-references (see the introductions to the individual parts) recording alternative and additional options of classification. The main purpose of this publication is to present a convenient edition of all the Dead Sea Scrolls, and their classification is only a secondary goal. The problematic aspects of this method of organization are recognized, but its advantages outweigh its disadvantages. Following the classification by Lange–Mittman-Richert, some Qumran texts representing more than one literary genre have been segmented into different elements and presented in different parts of DSSR. For example, sections of 1QapGen are presented in three segments in part 1, while parts of 1QS are contained in parts 3 and 4. This pertains to 1QapGen, 1QS, 4Q204–206, 4Q212, 4Q256, 4Q320, and 4Q394. In these cases, cross-references are provided in DSSR so as to allow for the unbiased study of these compositions. Coverage. DSSR covers all the non-biblical texts from Qumran, that is three-quarters of the Hebrew and Aramaic texts found there,4 excluding the biblical texts from that site.5 A few Greek texts are included as well. The present edition focuses on Qumran, excluding the finds from other sites in the Judean Desert: Murabba‘at (see DJD XXXIX, pp. 97–104), Naúal îever, and Masada (for both, see ibid., 104–14). While not including all the texts found in the Judean Desert (also named the Dead Sea Scrolls), the present edition does contain the great majority of the literary texts from among the Dead Sea Scrolls. The sites other than Qumran preserve almost exclusively documentary papyri, such as contracts, letters, and lists of goods (for the documentary texts from Qumran, see part 6). The edition includes all fragments published with an identifying title, such ———————————————————————–—————— 3 Exceptions to this rule are the addition of 4Q168 to part 2, the addition of 4Q365a to part 3, the removal of 4QPsalmse (4Q87) and 11QPsalmsa,b (11Q5–6) from the genre covered by part 5, and the addition to DSSR of all the texts listed in category 15.2 of Lange (‘Texts Not Included’). In addition, the internal sequence of some sections has been changed in parts 4, 5, and 6. 4 A sequential list of the Qumran texts covered by the various parts in DSSR (a ‘reverse list’ of the contents of the parts) will be published later. The parts themselves cover all the non-biblical texts listed in DJD XXXIX, 27–114. 5 The biblical texts are scheduled to be included in The Qumran Bible edited by E. Ulrich (forthcoming).

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General Introduction as the large group of texts recorded in part 6G (“Unclassified Manuscripts with Specific Names”) containing, for example, 4QpapFragment Mentioning Festivals (4Q478). So-called “unclassified” or “unidentified” fragments (without any identifying title) which have been listed in DJD XXXIII have not been included in DSSR. As in DJD, multiple manuscripts of the same composition are presented separately without attempting to create a composite edition on the basis of the various fragments. The only composite edition appearing in the DJD series is that of the manuscripts of 4QMMT (4Q394–397, 399) in vol. X, reproduced in part 1 of DSSR. Biblical and Non-biblical Texts. DSSR covers only the non-biblical Qumran texts based on a formal understanding of what constitutes a biblical text. The canonical biblical books are excluded from this edition, while Ben Sira (2Q18) is included. However, due to the fragmentary character of the Qumran compositions, it is often unclear whether a small fragment contains a biblical or a nonbiblical composition,6 but DSSR follows the decisions on the nature of the texts made by those who edited them. Editio minor. DSSR serves as an editio minor of the Qumran fragments, while the full apparatus relating to these editions is not repeated from the official editions: introduction, information on the photograph numbers, apparatuses of notes on readings and content remarks, photographic plates. Since the concordance by M. G. Abegg and others (see note 1) covers more than the individual volumes of the DJD series, it may be considered a concordance to this volume, even more so than to the volumes of DJD. Sources. The table of contents lists the source for the texts and translations included in DSSR. Most of these sources have been published, while for a few texts provided by M. G. Abegg or E. Cook7 this is their first publication. Usually one source is provided in the table of contents, such as “(DJD XIX, 1995),” implying that both the transcription and translation are quoted from DJD XIX. If two sources are listed, such as “(Abegg; WAC [Wise, Abegg, Cook])”, the first entry refers to the source for the transcription, and the second one to the source of the translation. The text of the Hebrew-Aramaic compositions follows exactly that of the DJD editions when available (but see below regarding minor corrections). This applies to the great majority of the texts in DSSR, with the exception of 11QTemplea quoted here from its standard edition,8 and the large texts from cave 1, as well as several additional texts,9 that are adduced from the transcrip——————————————————— 6 Some of the very fragmentary texts which have been named biblical may actually have been parts of compositions which included, among other things, long stretches of Bible texts, such as pesharim and other commentaries, or paraphrases such as 4QReworked Pentateuch (4QRPa–e). For example, 4QGenk 5 may actually belong to 4QRPa (4Q158). Likewise, the text which has been published as 4QpapIsap (4Q69) contains only a few words, and therefore could have been part of a pesher like 4Qpap pIsac (see J. R. Davila’s discussion in DJD XII, 75). 4Q168 is presented in all lists as 4QpMic?, but it could be presented equally well as ‘4QMic?’. 7 See the table of contents. This pertains to a few texts in the cryptic A–C scripts and 4Q551–578. 8 Y. Yadin, The Temple Scroll, vols. 1–3 (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1992). 9 1QHa, 1QM, 1QpHab, 1QS, 1QSa, 1QSb, 1QapGen, 4Q204, 4Q205, 4Q207, 4Q212, 4Q317, 4Q324d–e, 4Q551–578.

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The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader tions by M. G. Abegg and E. Cook.10 The translations provided in these parts are those accompanying the DJD editions, and in the case of texts not included in DJD, we resorted mainly to translations published by Wise–Abegg–Cook,11 as well as a few unpublished translations by these scholars. Some of the translations have been supplemented and revised by N. Gordon in Jerusalem, as indicated in the acknowledgements for each text. Use of the DJD translations was more complicated than had been anticipated since, in the early volumes, many lines or sections of the texts had not been translated at all, necessitating the addition of new translations in the present volume.12 In order to make the presentation of the translations more consistent throughout the text editions, quotations from the biblical text in pesharim and commentaries are presented within quotation marks and in italics.13 Nomenclature. The names of the Qumran compositions follow the official editions, as summarized in DJD XXXIX.14 In the system of DJD, different copies of the same composition are indicated by small raised letters (e.g. the various manuscripts of the pesher on Isaiah named 4QpIsaa,b,c), while manuscripts representing related compositions are indicated with capital letters, such as 4QapocrJer A, B, etc. This distinction, which admittedly is subjective,15 was not yet fully developed in the first DJD volumes. In the nomenclature of the texts from the Judean Desert, the following system is used: The name begins with a reference to its find-site, as listed below îev Naúal îever KhQ Khirbet Qumran Mas Masada Mur Murabba‘at ——————————————————— 10 These transcriptions were prepared for the Qumran module of the Accordance computer program as well as for the Qumran Concordance (for both, see note 1 above). In the texts from cave 1, Abegg leaned much on the edition of E. Lohse, Die Texte aus Qumran Hebräisch und Deutsch vols. 1–2 (Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1964, 1971), supplemented by additional editions, as explained in the ‘Readme’ file in the Accordance program (see n. 1). 1QapGen in Abegg’s text is based on the following editions: M. Morgenstern, E. Qimron, D. Sivan, “The Hitherto Unpublished Columns of the Genesis Apocryphon,” AbrN 33 (1995) 30–54; F. García Martínez and E. J. C. Tigchelaar, The Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition, Volume One (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1997). The text of 4Q204, 205, 207, 212 is based on J. T. Milik, The Books of Enoch: Aramaic Fragments of Qumrân Cave 4 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1976). 11 M. Wise, M. G. Abegg, Jr., E. Cook, The Dead Sea Scrolls: A New Translation (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1996). 12 All of the translations included in the ‘French’ DJD volumes (III, VII, XXV, XXXI) have been replaced with English translations. 13 Some DJD authors make use of italic print without quotation marks for questionable translations (e.g. in DJD XXXIV). 14 The reader is referred to a description of the nomenclature of the Qumran scrolls in DJD XXXIX, 10–11. 15 Thus in DJD XXXI, the rather similar, yet different, cycles of pseudepigraphical works ascribed to Ezekiel and Jeremiah are conceived of in different ways. The manuscripts of the Apocryphon of Jeremiah are described as a group of related compositions: 4QapocrJer A (4Q383), 4Qpap apocrJer B? (4Q384), 4QapocrJer Ca–f (4Q385a, 387, 388a, 389–390, 387a), while 4QpsEzeka–e (4Q385, 386, 385b, 388, 391) are presented as different copies of the same composition.

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General Introduction Q Qumran êe Naúal êe’elim XQ unknown cave(s) at Qumran The different caves at each site are denoted with sequential numbers, for example, 1Q, 2Q, etc. Appearing after the find-site are references to the material on which the text was written (pap = papyrus), followed by the type of composition (apocr = apocryphon; p = pesher; tg = targum) and/or type of script (paleo = paleo-Hebrew; crypt = cryptic [A, B, C]). The assigned name of the text then appears, followed by the language of inscription (ar = Aramaic; gr = Greek; lat = Latin; nab = Nabataean). All documents are written on leather in Hebrew unless otherwise designated. Common abbreviations for the classification of the scrolls are as follows: apocr apocryphon (e.g. 4QapocrLam A [4Q179]) ar Aramaic (e.g. 4QLevia ar [4Q213a]) crypt Cryptic A, B, C (e.g. 4Qpap cryptA Prophecy? [4Q249q]) gr Greek (e.g. 4Qpap paraExod gr [4Q127]) heb Hebrew (e.g. 4QAccount B ar or heb [4Q354]; Xîev/Se papDeed of Sale B ar and heb [Xîev/Se 8]). N.B. ‘heb’ only appears together with another language and denotes that either the language is uncertain or that both appear in the document. When no language abbreviation appears after the text name, Hebrew is assumed. lat Latin (e.g. Mas papLetter lat [Mas 728]) nab Nabataean (e.g. 5/6îev papUnclassified Text nab [5/6îev 38]) p pesher (e.g. 1QpHab) paleo Paleo-Hebrew (e.g. 11QpaleoLeva [11Q1]) pap papyrus (e.g. 4Qpap paraExod gr [4Q127]) tg Targum (e.g. 11QtgJob [11Q10]) Parallels. A visual means for indicating parallel texts has been developed fully in the volumes published in the 1990s. These parallels pertain to two types of material, viz. parallels between segments in manuscripts of what is supposedly the same composition and parallels between different compositions. The notion of a ‘parallel’ is intentionally vague, often rightly so, but in most cases it pertains to texts which actually overlap, although differences in details between the texts are recorded. Such differences are visible when the exact amount of overlapping as recorded in the DJD editions is examined.16 The recording system used in most volumes indicates very precisely all the letters and spaces which any two texts have in common, so that even the smallest agreements and differences between them are visible when underlined or not. In several cases, three or four different parallels are indicated by three types of underlining as well as overbars, such as in the manuscripts of the Damascus Document (part 3 [DJD XVIII]).17 ——————————————————— 16 The data and difficulties involved are described in detail by E. J. C. Tigchelaar in DJD XXXIX, 285–322. 17 The parallels in 4Q415–418c, 423 (part 4B [originally published in DJD XXXIV]), indicated by interlinear letters, have not been recorded in DSSR, while the references to the parallels have been retained.

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The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader Quality and Consistency. The main purpose of DSSR is to present the texts and translations published in DJD and elsewhere over the course of almost half a century. The high standards of these publications have not changed over the years, but here and there a text edition is of a lower quality. Nevertheless, all these editions have been reproduced in their original form.18 Due to the nature of the publication of DJD carried out over the course of fifty years on different continents, a certain amount of inconsistency regarding the presentation of the texts proved unavoidable in the original editions which became more standardized from 1990 onwards. This inconsistency relates to all aspects of the presentation of the texts and their translations: degree of certainty ascribed to partially preserved letters (e.g. what looks like a certain letter to one scholar may be indicated with a diacritical dot by another), amount of reconstruction (some scholars did not reconstruct elements not preserved, while others presented a small number of reconstructions, and yet others reconstructed extensively), translation vocabulary,19 type of translation, uncertainties expressed in the translations by italics, and the presentation of biblical quotations in the translations of the pesharim and biblical commentaries. In the following areas, DSSR introduced a greater degree of consistency than DJD: 1. Indication of empty lines or segments as vac(at). 2. Indication of partially preserved untranslated words with three spaces in the translation. 3. Indication of the beginnings and ends of lines with right- and left-hand brackets whenever the full column size is reconstructed. 4. In the Hebrew usually a space is used rather than ellipsis signs; in translations, ellipsis signs are not used in reconstructions, and rarely so in running texts. 5. Indication of top and bottom margins for texts originally published in DJD I–V. 6. Adherence to British spelling. 7. Biblical quotations, when recognized in the text editions, are represented in italics between quotation marks. Often the references themselves were added in DSSR. Corrections. A text edition in DJD is in the nature of an editio princeps and it is only logical that such an edition would subsequently be improved upon by its editor as well as by others. New views on the reading of a certain letter, new understandings of the nature of a composition involving new readings and reconstructions, new suggestions of physical joins and connections made between two or more different fragments could all improve the nature of the edition. At the same time, as the nature of the art of editing is subjective, that of its correct——————————————————— 18 It would not be amiss to note that vol. V in the DJD series (4Q158–186) was prematurely published. In the individual parts of DSSR, the texts from that volume are nevertheless reproduced in their original form, but it is envisaged to include the revised editions (from the planned revision of the complete volume) in the printing of the final volume. 19 For example, the Tetragrammaton is represented in the translation in four different ways: LORD, Lord, YHWH, and Yahweh.

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General Introduction ing procedure is equally subjective. Due to this subjectivity in the correction process, and also to the fact that there is virtually no right or wrong in this area, no corrections can be provided in an edition like the present one, with the exclusion of typographical errors (e.g. 4Q409 frg. 1 i 7 ‫[ קדושו‬DJD XXIX] corrected to ‫)קודשו‬.20 The only content corrections included in DSSR pertain to the few re-editions included in the later volumes of DJD correcting earlier DJD editions. In these cases, the re-edition has been included in DSSR, while the earlier edition has been excluded.21 A special case is a group of four small fragments that are presented in vol. XXIX as both 4Q471b frgs. 1a–d (4QSelf-Glorification Hymn; edited by E. Eshel) and 4Q431 frg. 1 (4QHe; edited by E. Schuller). The former is recorded in part 5. Acknowledgements. Precise references to the editio princeps are provided after the title of each document. PRESENTATION OF THE TEXT. The system used is that of DJD, described in detail by E. Tov in DJD XXXIX, 19–22. DSSR presents the Hebrew/Aramaic texts on the left page and the English translation on the facing page. Multiple Hebrew/Aramaic transcriptions with very few or no corresponding English translations, however, are grouped together on either the right- or left-hand pages in order to limit the amount of white space in the edition. The structure of individual columns of the text within a given composition, extant or reconstructed, is often based on physically unconnected fragments placed in an extant or reconstructed column sequence. Some scholars were more reliant than others on their own suggestions regarding the reconstruction of the column structure of the scroll made on the basis of the preserved fragments. The columns in a multi-sheet composition, both extant and reconstructed, are numbered with large Roman numerals (I, II, etc.). Different columns found on a single fragment are numbered with lower-case Roman numerals (e.g. frg. 1 i 8 = fragment 1, col. i, line 8). Adjacent columns in the scroll or in a fragment are presented sequentially, but when the remains of one of the two columns are very scanty, they are often printed next to each other. Usually the numbering starts with the first preserved column (as opposed to the first column of the composition), while the system used by some scholars takes into consideration putative columns which may have preceded the first preserved column. Thus, 4QOtot (4Q319) begins with col. IV, as it is presumed that the three columns of 4QSe (4Q259) appeared beforehand.22 The fragments ——————————————————— 20 Such typographic errors are corrected in the following way: קדושו‬. At the same time, clear typographical mistakes in such matters as numbers and brackets are changed without leaving a trace (there are no more than twenty instances in all the parts). Thanks are due to M. G. Abegg for providing us with a list of typographical errors. Other errors were on record in the Jerusalem office. 21 The edition of 1Q23 (1QEnGiantsa ar) follows the re-edition in vol. XXXVI; that of 1Q26 (1QWisdom Apocryphon) follows vol. XXXIV, that of 1Q28a (1QSa) follows vol. XXXVI, that of 2Q26 (2QFragment of a Ritual?) follows vol. XXXVI, that of 4Q269 (4QDd frgs. 10, 11) follows vol. XXXVI, and that of 4Q394 frgs. 1–2 (4QMMTa, first published in DJD X) follows vol. XXI. 22 See J. Ben-Dov, DJD XXI, 195–7.

xiii

The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader comprising each column are numbered a, b, c, etc.; unconnected fragments are numbered 1, 2, 3, etc. (sometimes subdivided into 1a, 1b, etc.) The lines of each column are usually numbered 1, 2, 3 etc., starting with the first preserved line. In some cases, when the number of lines preceding the first preserved line or column can be estimated—especially when one or more adjacent columns are preserved—the first line or column may be numbered with a higher number. Some scholars, preferring to retain the number ‘1’ for the first preserved line, number the presumed preceding lines as 01, 02, etc. (thus 4Q299; 4Q423; 11QTa). Joined presentation. In the case of the double presentation in DJD, e.g. when fragments a and b are presented separately and also in the joined reconstruction, only the latter is presented. Top and bottom margins, when extant, are indicated in all the original publications, although inconsistently so in DJD I–V. On the other hand, left and right margins are not indicated explicitly, since the absence of square brackets at the right and left indicates the existence of such margins. Spaces within the text, as well as completely empty lines. Within the text, spaces indicating contextual breaks are indicated by vac(at) at the beginning of the line (indentations), in the middle, or towards the end of the lines. As a rule, the exact dimensions of the spaces are not imitated in the printed editions. Areas which are not inscribed as a result of a rough surface or damage to the leather are indicated in some volumes by vac(at) and in others by ///. Completely empty lines are also numbered. This system was not used in the early volumes, where the word vac(at) was usually not printed in the spaces. Writing on two sides. Recto and verso are indicated, as well as the ‘lower’ and ‘upper’ versions in the documentary texts in vol. XXVII. The exact position of the inscribed surfaces within the texts. While an attempt is made to imitate in print the position of the inscribed surface on the fragment, it is often impossible to do so accurately as printed and written letters have different widths. Supralinear, infralinear, and (less frequently) marginal additions are indicated in the text by raised or lowered characters (often in a smaller font). When longer than a few words, the addition is often indicated by an additional line, which is sometimes indicated with a special number (line 8a [rarely: 9a] would indicate a supralinear addition above line 9). Sometimes, the exact position of the supralinear letter or word cannot be indicated accurately. We follow the DJD editions in not distinguishing in the transcriptions between prima manu and secunda manu additions. Individual letters or words written in the palaeo-Hebrew script, mainly the Tetragrammaton, are represented in that script. In the translation, these words are represented in boldface. Corrections and erasures are indicated as follows in the more recent volumes in the series: Superscript letters ‫( ִשזעקתם‬4Q434 1 i 3) Erasures on the leather {‫( כיא הואה }כיא הואה‬4Q417 2 i 5) Erasures on the leather (undetermined letters) /// (4Q169 3-4 iii 11) xiv

General Introduction ___ (4Q405 3 i 12) Crossing out a letter or word with a line ‫אמתו‬ Deletion dots above, below, or around letters ‫( •מעל‬4Q434 1 i 1) Earlier DJD volumes did not differentiate among the above different types of deletions, representing all of the above by { }. In those earlier editions, this sign is distinct from < > indicating a scribe’s omission (see vol. I, 48). DSSR has attempted to improve upon these earlier editions, but some inconsistency remains. Scribal signs, with the exception of paragraphos signs, are not indicated in the transcriptions (for a list, see vol. XXXIX, H. SCRIBAL NOTATIONS IN THE TEXTS FROM THE JUDAEAN DESERT). The paragraphos is represented as a printed straight line (e.g. 4Q532 frg. 1 ii, before line 7) and only rarely is the ‘fish hook’ paragraphos presented as such (thus 4Q428 10 11; 4Q477 passim). Other paratextual elements are usually analyzed in the PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION in the introductory material of the various DJD volumes: horizontal and vertical ruling, guide dots at the beginnings or ends of sheets, remnants of stitching of sheets. Letters omitted by a scribe and reconstructed by modern scholars are usually indicated as < > e.g. 1Q28b 15 2. The degrees of certainty regarding the identification of letters are based on each editor’s evaluation of the preserved remains of the letters. The following conventions are employed: ‫א‬ certain letter ‫ִא‬ probable letter ‫ֵא‬ possible letter ° (mid-line circlet) remnant of an undetermined letter No consistency is possible in this system, since what one editor considers to be a certain letter, e.g. ‫א‬, another editor will denote as ‫א‬. ִ The same fluctuation is possible between ‫ ִא‬and ‫א‬, ֵ and between ‫ ֵא‬and °. In a few volumes (especially vols. X and XXXIV), the uncertainty concerning the distinction between waw and yod and also, rarely, between final and non-final mem is indicated by a macron: ‫ ֿו‬, ‫ ֿי‬, ‫מ‬. ֿ Different possible readings of letters are sometimes recorded in DJD by stacking the letters above each other, especially in vol. XXVII (documentary texts) or by parenthesis signs (e.g. DJD XXV, 95). Reconstructions are enclosed in square brackets. Brackets at the beginning and end of the lines are often omitted when the length of the line is unclear. Right brackets are not used in the texts originally published in DJD XXV.

xv

The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader SUMMARY OF THE SYMBOLS EMPLOYED ‫א‬ ‫ִא‬ ‫ֵא‬ ° (mid-line circlet) ‫ֿו‬ [‫]א‬ _____ < >

{a}, {a} ___ ______ ‫אמתו‬, disease ‫•מעל‬ (a)

b/a (saying) ‫ ִשזעקתם‬, six months ///

‫יהוה‬ •••• vac(at) recto/verso top/bottom margin italics (in translation) italics (in translation) boldface (in translation)

word 1/word 2 (in translation)

certain letter probable letter possible letter remnant of an undetermined letter either yod or waw reconstructed text paragraphos a modern correction, sometimes an addition, e.g. 1QS VI 7 usually: erased letter(s) or surface; for texts published in DJD I-VII rarely: deletion, scribal dots, strike-through crossing out a letter or word with a line, e.g. 4Q405 3 i 12, 4Q266 i e 2 deletion dots above, below, or around letters, e.g. 4Q434 1 i 1 alternative or uncertain reconstruction, e.g. 4Q524 6–13 (DJD XXV, 95). In the texts of DJD VII these parentheses denote reconstructions in parallel texts, e.g. 4Q509 8 6. different options, e.g. 1Q25 2 4 (DJD I, 100) in the translation: words added for clarity superscript letter or word erasure or damage in the leather (undetermined letters), e.g. 4Q169 3–4 iii 11 Tetragrammaton (the four-letter name of God represented in paleo-Hebrew letters) Tetrapuncta (the four-letter name of God represented in the text by four [five] dots), e.g. 4Q176 1–2 i 6 interval (usually: the writing space was intentionally left blank) observe/reverse side of a document part of the top/bottom margin has been preserved doubtful translation (usually single words) biblical quotations (usually long stretches between quotation marks) The Hebrew word for ‘God’ is either the Tetragrammaton in paleo-Hebrew characters, or is represented by four dots Alternative translations (e.g. 4Q285 3 4)

xvi

General Introduction ABBREVIATIONS 1. Texts from the Judaean Desert apGen apocr Ber Cal. Doc. D DibHam DM En Enastr EnGiants EpJer Flor H(od) Hym/Pr Hym/Sap Jub Kgs Lit M Mez MidrEschat MMT MSM Myst NJ Ord p par Pent Phyl ps Pr PrFêtes PrNab PrQuot RitMar RitPur RP S Sa

Genesis Apocryphon apocryphon Berakhot (Blessings) Calendrical Document Damascus Document Dibre Hamea°e Ha-Torah (Some of the Torah Observations) Midrash Sefer Moshe Mysteries New Jerusalem Ordinances pesher paraphrase Pentateuch Phylactery pseudoPrayer(s) Prières pour les fêtes (Prayers for Festivals) Prayer of Nabonidus Prières quotidiennes (Daily Prayers) Rituel de mariage (Marriage Ritual) Rituel de purification (Purification Ritual) Reworked Pentateuch Serekh ha-Yaúad (Community Rule) Rule of the Congregation xvii

The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader Sam sap Sb ShirShabb T TNaph, etc. Tanú Test tg TLevi Tob Unid.

Samuel sapiential Rule of the Blessings Shirot >Olat ha-Shabbat (Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice) Temple Scroll Testament of Naphtali Tanúumim Testimonia targum Testament of Levi Tobit unidentified

2. General Abbreviations ar col. cr(ypt)A DJD FARMS fr(a)g. gr îev Kh. Q. lat Mal Mas Milik, BE ms Mur nab ostr paleo PAM pap Q r S Se Sir TOC

Aramaic column cryptic script A Discoveries in the Judaean Desert Foundation for Ancient Research & Mormon Studies fragment Greek Naúal îever Khirbet Qumran Latin Malachi Masada J. T. Milik, The Books of Enoch (Oxford: Clarendon, 1976) manuscript Murabba>at Nabataean ostracon paleo-Hebrew Palestine Archaeological Museum papyrus Qumran recto Serekh Seiyal Sirach Table of Contents xviii

General Introduction v WAC

verso M. Wise, M. G. Abegg, & E. Cook, The Dead Sea Scrolls: A New Translation (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1996)

xix

This page intentionally left blank

INTRODUCTION TO PART 21 EXEGETICAL TEXTS Part 2 of DSSR contains mainly texts written as commentaries on biblical books (running commentaries) or themes, many of them authored by members of the Qumran community. The category of exegetical texts is defined in the widest possible sense relating to several forms of Scriptural exegesis. It would be acceptable to include also in this category additional texts now included in other parts. A large amount of biblical exegesis is also contained in the texts included in part 1 (Parabiblical Texts), and to a lesser extent also in many texts included in the other parts. The main distinguishing principle for the texts included in parts 1 and 2 is whether the exegesis is implicit or explicit, respectively. The present part contains texts displaying explicit exegesis in the form of a commentary, sometimes in the form of a running commentary (pesher), while the exegesis in the texts in part 1 is implicit. At the same time, an exact line of distinction cannot be drawn between the two groups of texts. In most instances, the elements of the Scripture text are clearly visible in the commentary (and of course in the quotations from Scripture in the pesharim), allowing for the inclusion of the deviations from the Masoretic Text in these compositions in the text-critical analysis of Hebrew Scripture. The special exegesis of the pesharim displays a constant search by the authors of these compositions for the Scriptural basis for the views of the Qumran community, especially in the thematic pesharim (section A), but also in the continuous pesharim (section B). According to the authors of the pesharim, the history of the community was predestinated and alluded to in Scripture. Accordingly, the ideas and quotes from Scripture, especially from the prophetical books, were explained rather atomistically in pesharim as referring to the Qumran community (the yaúad) and their enemies, both foreign and within Israel. The commentaries in section C can be defined in no other way than their not being pesharim. The texts in section F are too short for classification and some of the texts that bear identifying names, such as pesher, are actually too fragmentary for any identification. There is often much uncertainty as to whether a small group of related texts should be represented as different copies of the same composition, indicated by small raised letters (e.g., the various manuscripts of the pesher on Isaiah named 4QpIsaa–b), or as manuscripts representing related compositions, indicated with capital letters, such as 4QapocrJer A, B, etc. This distinction, which is admit————————————————–——– 1 DSSR follows the classification of A. Lange with U. Mittman-Richert, “Annotated List of the Texts from the Judaean Desert Classified by Content and Genre,” in The Texts from the Judaean Desert—Indices and an Introduction to the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert Series (ed. E. Tov; DJD XXXIX; Oxford: Clarendon 2002) 115–64. Part 2 contains many text editions from DJD V; see n. 18 in the General Introduction for a remark on the quality of these editions.

xxi

Introduction to Part 2 tedly subjective, had yet to be fully developed when the first DJD volumes were published. This issue is especially acute in the case of the pesharim which have been presented in DJD as different copies of the same composition, although they could also reflect similar compositions belonging to the same literary cycle. In any event, here, as elsewhere in the parts, we follow the names and understanding assigned to the texts by their editors. In the case of Isaiah, the classification of Lange-Mittman, following H. Stegemann,2 distinguished between two different pesher compositions, here denoted as “Isaiah (1) and (2).” Similarly Vielhauer distinguished between two different pesher compositions of Hosea.3 Recent summaries (where earlier literature is referred to): S. L. Berrin, “Pesharim,” in Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls (ed. L. H. Schiffman and J. C. VanderKam; Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2000) 2.644–7; M. J. Bernstein, ibid., 1.376–83; idem, “Pentateuchal Interpretation,” in The Dead Sea Scrolls after Fifty Years: A Comprehensive Assessment, vols. 1–2 (ed. P. W. Flint and J. C. VanderKam; Leiden/Boston/Cologne: E. J. Brill, 1998, 1999) 1.128–59.

Italics in part 2: single words in italics represent English translations considered questionable by the scholar publishing the text in DJD; stretches of text (within quotation marks) followed by references to biblical passages represent translations of these passages. Similar texts in other parts of DSSR: See the opening paragraph of this introduction and see further 4Q265 (4QMiscellaneous Rules) in part 1; 5Q10 (5QapocrMal), renamed 5QpMal? by J. Carmichael, RevQ 4 (1963) 97–100. See further the unclassified manuscripts listed in part 6G (pp. XI–XIII at the end of this fascicle).

———————————————–———– 2 H. Stegemann, Die Essener, Qumran, Johannes der Täufer und Jesus: Ein Sachbuch (4th ed.; Freiburg/Basel/Wien: Herder, 1994) 176–8. 3 R. Vielhauer, “Materialle Rekonstruktion und historische Einordnung der beiden Pescharim zum Hoseabuch (4QpHosa und 4QpHosb),” RevQ 77 (2001) 39–91.

xxii

This page intentionally left blank

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪A. PESHARIM: THEMATIC PESHARIM‬‬

‫‪4Q174 (4QFlor) ed. J. M. Allegro, DJD V‬‬ ‫)?‪(= 4QMidrEschata‬‬ ‫‪Frgs. 1–2‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫עול ִה] לענות[ ֵו כאשר בראישונה ולמן‬ ‫ולוא יוסי[ף בן ִ‬

‫[‪°‬ד אוי ִֵב]‬ ‫]‬ ‫היום אשר‬ ‫]צויתי שפטים[ על עמי ישראל הואה הבית אשר]‬ ‫[ל] ב[ ֵאחרית הימים‬ ‫כאשר כתוב בספר‬ ‫לוא‬ ‫עולם ועד הואה הבית אשר ִ‬ ‫] מקדש אדני כ[וֵנִנו ידיכה יהוה ימלוך ִ‬ ‫יבוא שמה‬ ‫וע ֵמוני ומואבי וממזר ובן נכר וגר עד עולם כיא‬ ‫עד [ ֵעולם ִ‬ ‫]‬ ‫קדושי שם‬ ‫י‪ֵ [°]°‬ה]‬ ‫[עולם תמיד עליו יראה ולוא ישמוהו עוד זרים כאשר השמו‬ ‫בראישונה‬ ‫מקד]ש י[שראל בחטאתמה ויואמר לבנות לוא מקדש אדם להיות‬ ‫את ֵ‬ ‫מקטירים בוא לוא‬ ‫לפניו מעשי תורה ואשר אמר לדויד ו]הניחו[תי לכה מכול אויביכה אשר יניח‬ ‫להמה מכ]ול[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫בני בליעל ִהמכשילים אותמה‬ ‫לכלותמ]ה [מה כאשר באו במחשבת]‬ ‫להכשיל ִב]ני[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ב[ל]י[על‬ ‫א ֵו]ר[ וֵלחשוב עליהמה מחשבות און ֵ‬ ‫למ] נ[פשו לבליעל במשגת ִא] [‪°‬‬ ‫מה‬ ‫לכה יהוה כיא בית יבנה לכה והקימותי את זרעכה אחריכה והכינותי‬ ‫ֵיד ֵ‬ ‫]וה[ג ִ‬ ‫את כסא ממלכתו‬ ‫ֵה לוא לאב והוא יהיה לי לבן הואה צמח דויד העומד עם‬ ‫]לעו[ ֵל ֵם אני ֵא ֵהי ֵ‬ ‫דורש התורה אשר‬ ‫] [בצ ֵי]ון בא[חרית הימים כאשר כתוב והקימותי את סוכת דויד הנופלת‬ ‫היאה סוכת‬ ‫הנופל]ת א[שר יעמוד להושיע את ישראל‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫דויד‬ ‫מדרך‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ִמ ֵדרש מאשרי ]ה[איש אשר לוא הלך בעצת רשעים פשר הדב]ר [סרי‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫כחזקת] היד ויסרני‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫בספר ישעיה הנביא לאחרית ]ה[ימים ויהי‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫אשר כתוב‬ ‫מלכת בדרך[‬ ‫עליהמה בספר יחזקאל הנביא אשר לו]א יטמאו‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫העם הזה והמה אשר כתוב‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫עוד[‬ ‫ֵא]נ[שי ִ‬ ‫]בג[ל]ו[ליהמה המה בני צדוק ו ֵ‬ ‫ריהמ ֵה ֵל ֵע ֵצ ֵת‬ ‫עצ ֵת]מ[ה רו‪[ ]°‬י‪ֵ °‬א ֵח ֵ‬ ‫ֵהיחד‬

4Q174

3

A. PESHARIM: THEMATIC PESHARIM

4Q174 (4QFlor) trans. J. M. Allegro with M. Wise, M. Abegg, E. Cook, and N. Gordon Frgs. 1–2 Col. i 1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6. 7.

8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

[ ] enemy [ ‘And] the son of wickedness [shall no more afflict] him as at first, and as from the day that [ I commanded judges] (to be) over my people Israel’ (2 Sam 7:10-11)—that is the house which [ in] the end of days, as it is written in the book of [ ‘The sanctuary, O Lord, which] thy hands have [es]tablished. Yahweh will rule for ever and ever.’ (Exod 15:17-18) That is the house ‘where there shall never more enter [ ] and ‘the Ammonite and the Moabite’ and ‘bastard’ and ‘alien’ and sojourner ‘for ever,’ (Deut 23:2-3) for my holy ones are there. [ ]ever, he shall be seen continually upon it, and strangers shall not again make it desolate as they desolated formerly the sanc[tuary of I]srael because of their sin. And he purposes to build for him a manmade sanctuary in which sacrifices may be made to him; (that there may be) before him works of the Law. And as he said to David, ‘And I shall [give] thee [rest] from all thine enemies’ (2 Sam 7:11)—(meaning) that he will give rest to them from a[ll] the sons of Belial who made them stumble to destroy them [ ] when they came with the device of [Be]lial to make the s[ons of] Li[ght] stumble and to devise against them wicked imaginations, to [ ] his [1]ife to Belial through their [ ] error [ ]. [‘And] Yahweh tells you that he will build a house for you, and I shall set up your seed after you, and I shall establish his royal throne [for eve]r. I shall be to him as a father, and he will be to me as a son.’ (2 Sam 7:1114) He is ‘the Shoot of David’ who will arise with the Interpreter of the Law, who, [ ] in Zi[on in the 1]ast days; as it is written, ‘And I shall raise up the tabernacle of David that is fallen.’ (Amos 9:11) That is ‘the tabernacle of David that is fal[len’ is he] who will arise to save Israel. Midrash of ‘Happy is the man that walketh not in the counsel of the wicked.’ (Ps 1:1) The interpretation of the passa[ge ] those who turn aside from the way of [ ] As it is written in the book of Isaiah the prophet concerning the last days, ‘And it was as with a strong [hand that he turned me aside from walking in the way of] this people.’ (Isa 8:11) And they are the ones of whom it is written in the book of Ezekiel the prophet, [‘They shall] no[t defile themselves any more] [with] their [i]do[l]s’—they are the Sons of Zadok and the m[e]n of the[ir] community [ ] after them to the counsel of the community.

‫‪A. PESHARIM: THEMATIC PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫]למה רגש[ו גויים ולאומים יה ֵג]ו ריק ית[יֵצבו] מלכי ארץ ור[וזנים נוסדו יחד‬ ‫על יהוה ועל‬ ‫[בחירי ישראל באחרית הימים‬ ‫וה]‬ ‫גו[יים ֵ‬ ‫]משיחו פ[שר הדבר]‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frgs. 1–3‬‬ ‫‪Col. ii‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4a‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫היאה עת המצרף הב]אה‬ ‫י[הודה להתם]‬ ‫התורה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ם ‪]°‬ג[וֵרל ועשו את כול‬ ‫בליעל ונשאר ש]‬ ‫מושה היאה ה]‬ ‫אש[ר כתוב בספר דניאל הנביא להרש ֵי]ע רשעים‬ ‫וצדיקים ]‬

‫‪]°°°°‬‬

‫[‬

‫המ]‬ ‫יתלב[נו ויצטרפו ועם יודעי אלוה יחזיקו ֵ‬

‫[ ֵא ֵחרי ה]‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[אשר אליהמה יו‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִה ברדתו מ]‬ ‫[ ֵל‪]°°°°°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫[ ֵהמבלעים את צאצא ֵי‬ ‫נ[וִטרים להמה בקנאתמה‬ ‫[היאה העת אשר יפתח בליעל‬ ‫[לבית יהודה קשות לשוטמם‬ ‫[וֵבקש בכול כוחו לבזרמה‬ ‫[ ֵר הביאמה להיות‬ ‫יה[וֵדה ואל ֵי]שר[ ֵאל י‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 5‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‪°‬ה כאשר ה‪]°‬‬ ‫י[ ֵשרֵאל ואהרון]‬ ‫י[ ִדע כיא הואה מ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ה בכול החוזים]‬ ‫[ל ‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frgs. 6–7‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[ל להאביד את קרן ]‬

‫]‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬

‫]וללוי אמר תמיכה ואוריכה לאיש חסידכה אשר נס[יתו] במסה תרי[ ֵבהו על‬ ‫מי מריבה ִה ֵא]מר[‬ ‫]לאביו ולאמו לוא ראיתיו ואת אחיו לוא הכיר ואת בנו לוא יד[ע כיא ]שמרו‬ ‫ֵת]כה ינצרו[‬ ‫וברי ֵ‬ ‫אמרתכה[ ִ‬

4Q174 18.

19.

5

[‘Why do] the nations [rag]e and the peoples imag[ine a vain thing? The kings of the earth set] themselves, [and the ru]lers take counsel together against Yahweh and against [his anointed.’ (Ps 2:1-2) The in]terpretation of the passage [ na]tions and [ ] the Elect of Israel in the last days:

Frgs. 1–3 Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4a.

that is the time of trial that is co[ming J]udah to complete [ ] Belial, and there shall remain [ 1]ot, and they shall carry out the whole of the Law [ ] Moses. That is the [ a]s it is written in the book of Daniel the prophet, ‘For [the wicked] to act [wickedly ] (Dan 12:10) and righteous [ (Dan 11:32) the [

4. 5.

[ [

‘shall make themselves wh]ite and purify themselves,’ and ‘a people knowing God will seize’ ]

] after the [ ] which is to them [ ] when he goes down from [ ]’

]

Frg. 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

[ [ [ [ [ [ [

] those who consume the offspring of an]gry towards them in their zeal ] that is the time when Belial shall open ] to the house of Judah severe things to cherish enmity against them ] and shall seek with all his strength to scatter them ] brought them to be Ju]dah and to I[sr]ael [ ]

Frg. 5 1. 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [ [

] when [ ] I]srael and Aaron [ ] k]now that he [ ] ] among all the seers [

]

Frgs. 6–7 1. 2. 3.

4.

[

] to destroy the horn of [ ] vacat [Of Levi he said: ‘Give Your Thummim and Your Urim to Your loyal one, ]whom You[ teste]d[ at Massah,] with whom You [cont]ested at the waters of Meribah; who s[aid] [of his father and mother, ‘I regard them not;’ he ignored his kin, and did not acknow]ledge[ his children.] For [they observed Your word, ]and[ kept Your] covenant.

‫‪A. PESHARIM: THEMATIC PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫]יורו משפטיכה ליעקב ותורתכה לישראל ישימו קטורה[ באפכה וכליל על‬ ‫מזבחכה] ברך יהוה חילו ופעל[‬ ‫]ידיו תרצה מחץ מתנים קמיו ומשנאיו מן י[קומון‬ ‫א[וֵרים והתומים לאיש]‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ ֵל]‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪Frg. 8‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[אשר ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵארץ כיא ה]‬ ‫ידיִד ֵי]הוה‬ ‫לבנימן אמ[ר ֵ‬ ‫‪Frgs. 9–10‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫וההיד]ד‬ ‫הא]רץ‬ ‫טוב ִ‬ ‫ולגד א]מר ברוך מרחיב גד כלביא שכן וטרף זרוע אף קדקד וירא ראשית לו‬ ‫כי שם חלקת[‬ ‫מחקק] ספון ויתא ראשי עם צדקת יהוה עשה ומשפטיו עם ישראל‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫פשרו[‬ ‫שב ֵי]‬ ‫על ִ‬ ‫להציֵל]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫הצד]ק‬ ‫[‪°‬ה זבח ֵ‬

‫‪Frg. 11‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[הספון ִע]‬ ‫[כול אשר צונו עשו את כוִ ֵל]‬ ‫‪Frg. 13‬‬

‫‪Frg. 12‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪top margin‬‬

‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫[כול]‬ ‫אמם]‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫[לוא]‬ ‫[בק‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪°°°°‬רו‪]°‬‬ ‫הקש]‬ ‫הדבר]‬

‫‪Frg. 14‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪ֵ °‬בה לק‪]°‬‬ ‫לאחרית ה]‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫[ ֵכיא המה]‬

‫‪Frg. 15‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪°‬יה הנ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬ומי העמי]‬ ‫[ ֵה כיא זרע]‬ ‫‪Frg. 17‬‬

‫‪Frg. 16‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[ ֵא]‬ ‫[‪°‬יקים]‬ ‫[וֵברקי]‬ ‫[ ֵא‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ֵורל]‬ ‫[ג ֵ‬ ‫[מה את פ]‬ ‫עליה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[בתו‬ ‫[ ל]‬

4Q174 5.

6. 7.

7

[They teach Jacob Your ordinances, and Israel Your law; they place incense] before You, and whole burnt offerings on Your altar.[ Bless his substance, O Lord, and ]accept[ the work of] [his hands; crush the loins of his adversaries, of those that hate him, so that ]they [ never] rise again.’ (Deut 33:8-11) [ The] Urim and the Thummim belong to the man[ ]

Frg. 8 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

] For [ ] ] land, because [ ] And of Benjamin he sa]id: ‘The beloved of the L[ord

]

Frgs. 9–10 1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6.

And the shou[t ] ‘right sacrif[ice’ ] good of the la[nd ] And of Gad he sa[id: ‘Blessed be the enlargement of Gad! Gad lives like a lion; he tears at arm and scalp. He chose the best for himself, for there the allotment] of a commander [was reserved; he came at the head of the people, he executed the justice of the Lord, and His ordinances for Israel’ (Deut 33:20-21) Its interpretation is] concerning the penitents of [ ] to deliver [ ]

Frg. 11 1. 2.

[ [

] hidden [ ] ] all that he commanded us, they have done all [

Frg. 12

Frg. 13 2. 3.

‘List[en ] meaning[ ]

Frg. 15 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

]

2.

[

]all[

]

4.

[

]not[

]

Frg. 14 ] ] and who are the nation[s ] for offspring [ ]

]

2. 3.

[ [

]concerns the Last [ ]for they[ ]

Frg. 16

Frg. 17 1.

[

]fate[

]

3.

[

]his daughter upon her[

]

2. 3.

[ [

]he will establish[ ] ]and lightnin[g ]

]

‫‪A. PESHARIM: THEMATIC PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 18‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫[ ֵנ]‬ ‫[ ה א]‬ ‫[בט‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[‪ °‬את כל]‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫[ם‬ ‫[‪°‬ה יחד‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫[ ֵמצרף]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪Frg. 19‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ֵרו ל‪]°‬‬ ‫[המה‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 20‬‬

‫‪Frg. 21‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[יהוה ב]‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[‪ °‬דורש]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪Frg. 22‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪Frg. 23‬‬

‫‪Frg. 25‬‬

‫‪Frg. 24‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ ש]‬ ‫[לשמ ֵו]‬ ‫[ ֵש]‬

‫‪Frg. 26‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬צ ‪] °‬‬

‫‪4Q177 (4QCatena A) ed. J. M. Allegro, DJD V‬‬ ‫)?‪(= 4QMidrEschatb‬‬ ‫‪Frgs. 1–4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫לדבריהם]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫והסיר יהוה[ ֵמ ֵמ ֵכה כול חלי ]‬ ‫[‪ °‬נהיה כמש]פחות הארצות‬ ‫שמה]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[‪°°‬ד] [‪ֵ [ ]°‬ל‪°‬תמה‬ ‫בעת אשר יבקש ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵו באחרית הימים ֵ‬ ‫[בה ממנו ו‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬פשר הדבר אשר יֵעמוד איש מב‪]°‬‬ ‫והמה אשר כתוב עליהם באחרית ]הימים [‪°°‬ה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ו[היו ִכאש לכול תבל‬ ‫הת[ ִעוללו ברוח ֵי]‬ ‫פוח]זים‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫אשר היֵה מתאבל בממשלת בל]יעל‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[מ ‪ ]°°‬ג[ורל אור‬ ‫[אשר היה‬ ‫מתאבל]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫שמות]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ ִבמספר‬ ‫[לרֵאשי אבל שוב ֵת‪]°‬‬ ‫ואל‬ ‫א[ ֵלוהי הרחמים ִ‬ ‫יהודה]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ֵביֵאי‬ ‫ישרא]ל ג[מול נ ֵ‬ ‫ה[ ֵגיֵד כיא לעולם יברכם‬ ‫וברכם]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ ֵאשר ה] ב[ ֵליעל ונסל ִו להם לעולם‬ ‫קצים]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ימ[ ֵלאו‬ ‫]‬

4Q177

9

Frg. 19 2.

[

]they [

]

Frg. 21 1.

[

Frg. 20 ]the Lord with[

Frg. 23 1.

[

]

1.

]

] [

] together

Frg. 24

Frg. 25 [

]all[

Frg. 22 ] seeking[

2.

2.

[

]to [

]

2.

[

]smelter[

]

4Q177 (4QCatena A) trans. J. M. Allegro with M. Wise, M. Abegg, E. Cook, and N. Gordon Frgs. 1–4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

8. 9. 10.

[ ] to their words [ ] [ ‘And Yahweh will take] from thee all sickness’ (Deut 7:15) [ ] [ ] ‘let us be like the tr[ibes of the countries’ ] [ ] thence [ ] [ ] in the end of days, in the time when he shall seek [ ] [ ] The interpretation of the passage is that there shall arise a man from [ ]from him [ ] [ and] they shall be like a fire to all the world; and they are those about whom it is written in the end of [days ] wan[ton men have dealt] ruthlessly in the spirits of [ ] [ the 1]ot of light which was in mourning during the dominion of Bel[ial ] which was in mourning [ ] by the number of names [ ] [ ] to the heads of mourning return [ G]od of mercy, and to Israe[1 re]compense of the prophets of Judah [ ] [ ] who [ Be]lial and they shall be exalted by them for ever, and he shall bless them [ t]old that for ever he would bless them [ ] epochs be [ ful]filled [ ]

‫‪A. PESHARIM: THEMATIC PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫[מפורשים ִבשמות לאיש ואיש ‪]°‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫ש[נֵותיהם וקץ מעמדם י‬

‫[‪°‬ת אבותם]‬ ‫] [ו לשונם]‬ ‫צאצ]אי‬ ‫[ ִא את ֵ‬ ‫וידיעהו‬ ‫[ ֵאל ִ‬ ‫[ ִעתה הנה הכול כתוב בלוחות אשר]‬ ‫את ֵ‬ ‫מספר ‪[ ]°‬ת וינח]ילהו‬ ‫תקעו שופר בגבעה‬ ‫ללכת] [ ֵ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ולזרעו ]עד[ עולם ויקום משמה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ ֵל]ו[‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫השופר הואה ספר]‬ ‫א[ ִנ ִש ֵי עצתו וידברו‬ ‫אשר]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫הו[אה ספר התורה שנית‬ ‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫עליו סרה ויש‪]°°‬‬ ‫תותת גדולות על ה]‬ ‫או[ ִ‬ ‫[‪ °‬ויעקוב עומד על‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫הגתות ושמח על ִר ִד ֵת]‬ ‫[ לאנשי עצתו המה‬ ‫בח ֵרב אי ִִב]יהם‬ ‫[ ֵת ֵ‬ ‫החרב ואשר אמר]‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frgs. 5–6‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫[ה ההוללים אשר ֵי] [ ִבא על אנשי ה ֵי]חד‬ ‫הנ[ביא אכול השנה שפ]יח פשר הדב[ר השפיח הו]אה‬ ‫יעמוד]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[רֵה עד עת המצ]רף הבאה ו[אחרי כן‬ ‫[ ֵאמרו ההולל ֵי]ם‬ ‫[ ֵכיא כולם ילדים]‬ ‫אשר כתוב[ עליהם בספר י] הנב[יא תורת הה ֵו]‬ ‫[קרא להם כאשר ]אמר הוא ז[מות יעץ לח]בל ענוים באמרי שקר‬ ‫ביהוה] חסיתי איך תאמרו‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ל[ ִהלעין את ישרא]ל למנצח[ לדויד‬ ‫לנפשי נודו הרכם צפור כיא הנה הרשעים ידרכון‬ ‫קשת [ויכינו חציֵם ִע]ל יתר פשרו א[ ִשר ינודו אנ]שי‬ ‫וגל]ה‬ ‫כצ[פור ממקומו ִ‬ ‫עליה[ם בספר ה]‬ ‫[ץ לה איש ִויִלך ֵד‪]°‬‬ ‫היא]‬ ‫[‪°°‬ם ֵ‬ ‫[ ִאשר כתוב עליהם בספר]‬ ‫[ך ·‬ ‫רא ִו ‪ vac‬למנצח על ה]שמינית‬ ‫·‬ ‫]המה העונה השמינית]‬ ‫א[ין שלום אשר המה ד‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵהרוג בקר ושחוט צואן א]כול בשר‬ ‫[‪°‬ת התורה עושי היחד ס‪]°‬‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 7‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫מר ֵנ ֵן] [‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫[ד אשר יבקשו לחבל]‬ ‫אש[ ֵר ֵכ ִתוב בספר יחזקאל הנ]ביא‬ ‫[ ִהימים אשר יקבצו עליה]ם‬

4Q177 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

11

[ ] their fathers [ ] clearly set out by name, man by man [ ] their [y]ears and the epoch of their existence [ ] their tongues [ ] [ ] offsp[ring of ] Now, behold, everything is written on the tablets which [ ] and he taught him the number of [ ] and caused [him] to inher[it ] [ ] to [him] and to his seed [for] ever. And he arose from thence to go [ ] ‘Blow the horn in Gibeah:’ ‘the horn’ is the book of [ ] [ i]t is the book of the Second Law which [ m]en of his counsel, but they spoke rebelliously against him and [ ] [ ] great [si]gns upon [ ] and Jacob shall stand upon the winepresses and rejoice over the flowing down [ ] [ ] by the sword of [their] enemies [ ] to the men of his counsel: they are ‘the sword;’ and as it says [ ]

Frgs. 5–6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

[ ] the boasters who [ ] against the men of the co[mmunity ] [ the pr]ophet, ‘This year eat what gr[ows of itself.’ (Isa 37:30) The interpretation of the phra]se ‘what grows of itself’ is [ ] [ ] until the time of tri[al that is coming, and] afterwards there shall arise [ ] [ ] for all of them are children [ ] the boaster[s] say [ ] [ as it is written] concerning them in the book of [ the proph]et, the law of the [ ] [ ] called to them when [he said, ‘He] counsels evil [de]vices to ru[in the poor with lying words’ (Isa 32:7)] [ to] curse Israe[l. ‘To the director;] of David. In Yahweh [I take refuge; how can ye say] to me, [Flee to your mountain, O bird: for lo, the wicked bend] [the bow] and they have fitted arrows t[o the string.’ (Ps 11:1-3) Its interpretation is th]at the me[n of ] will flee [ ] [ like a sp]arrow from his place and shall depa[rt. And that which concerns th]em in the book of the [ ] [ ] a man to her and he went [ ] [ ] as it is written concerning them in the book of [ ] [ ] vacat ‘To the director; according to the [Sheminith ’ (Ps 12:1)] [ ] they are the eighth period [ ] [ There] is no peace, that they are [ ] [ ] ‘slaying oxen and killing sheep, ea[ting flesh’ (Isa 22:13)] [ ] the Law, those who institute the community [ ]

Frg. 7 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [

] that they seek to ruin [ ] a]s it is written in the book of Ezekiel the pr[ophet ] ] the days when there will be gathered against th[em ]

‫‪A. PESHARIM: THEMATIC PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫אל]הים אחרים‬ ‫[ ֵעי האנשים אשר עבדו ֵ‬ ‫להמה ֵטמא ול‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪[ ]°[ ]°°‬לאשר ִ‬ ‫‪Frg. 8‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ ֵחד ערומי ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ כיא לוא עם ֵמ]‬ ‫[סף ההר ספ‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 9‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫[‪]°°°°°‬‬ ‫עליה[ ֵמה ֵב ֵאחרי]ת הימים‬ ‫ברוב ֵהברור ֵי]ם‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[י ִֵהם‬ ‫[המה ִעדת דורשי ה]חלקות‬ ‫ובמשטמ]תמה‬ ‫קנאתמה ֵ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵב‬ ‫יהודה בכול העמ]י[ם]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ ֵמ‬ ‫צדיק ורשע אויל ופת]י‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[עם‬ ‫[‪°‬רי ערלות ליֵשרם בדור הא]חרון‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frgs. 10–11‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫]אמרות יהוה אמרות טהרות כסף צרוף בעליל לארץ מזק[ק שבעתים כאשר‬ ‫כתוב‬ ‫] כי הנה האבן אשר נתתי לפני יהושע על אבן אחת שבעה עינים‬ ‫מפ[ ֵתחת פתוחה נואם יהוה אשר‬ ‫א[ ֵשר עליהם כתוב ורפאתי את‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‪°‬ל אנשי בליעל וכול האספסוף‬ ‫]‬ ‫דורש התורה כיא אין‬ ‫[המה ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫[איש על מצורו בעומדם‬ ‫]‬ ‫[המכשילים את בני האור‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫עד אנה יהו[ ֵה תשכח]ני נצח עד אנה תסת[יר פניכה ממני עד‬ ‫אנה אשיתה‬ ‫]עצות בנפשי יגון בלבבי יומם[ עד אנה] ירום איבי עלי פ[ ֵש ֵר ֵה ֵד ֵב ֵר לנֵצח‬ ‫לב אנשי‬ ‫[לבוחנם ולצורפם‬ ‫[‪°‬ה‪°‬מ ִי ]‬ ‫]‬ ‫[וִ אמר אויב‬ ‫[‪] °°°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪Frgs. 12–13‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[תורה ֵמ ֵכ]והן ועצה מחכם ודבר[ ֵמנביא‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִלאה‪]°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫[לאחרית ֵה]י[מים ֵאשר אמר דויד י ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫ֵה]ו[ ֵה אל באפכה ת ֵו]כיחני כי[א‬ ‫אמלל אני‬

4Q177 5. 6.

[ [

] of men who have served [other] go[ds ] to those who are unclean and to [ ]

13 ]

Frg. 8 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [

to]gether the naked ones of [ ]for not a nation of[ ] ] the mountain [ ]

]

Frg. 9 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

[ [ [ [ [ [ [

concerning th]em in the las[t days ] ] them in the multitude of the purified one[s ] ] they are the congregation of Seekers after [Smooth Things ] in their zeal and in [their] hostility [ ] ] from Judah amongst all the peoples [ ] ] a people righteous and wicked, foolish and simp[le ] ] of foreskins to lead them aright in the L[ast] Generation [

]

]

Frgs. 10–11 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

10. 11.

[ ‘The promises of Yahweh are promises that are pure, silver refined in a furnace on the ground, purif]ied seven times.’ (Ps 12:7) As it is written [ ‘For behold, upon the stone which I have set before Joshua, upon a single stone with seven facets,] its inscription [is engrav]ed, says Yahweh,’ (Zech 3:9) as [ ] [ whi]ch is written concerning them, ‘And I shall heal [ ’] [ ] the men of Belial and all the rabble [ ] [ ] them the Interpreter of the Law, for there is no [ ] [ ] each man upon his rampart when they stand [ ] [ ] those who cause the Sons of Light to stumble [ ] [ ‘How long, O Yahw]eh? Wilt thou forget [me for ever ? How long wilt thou] hide thy face from me? How long must I bear [pain in my soul, (and) sorrow in my heart by day?] How long [shall my enemy be exalted over me?’ (Ps 13:2-3) The inter]pretation of the phrase ‘for ever:’ the hearts of men of [ ] at their testing and trying [ ]and the enemy said[ ]

Frgs. 12–13 Col. i 1. 2.

[‘ ] law from the pri[est nor counsel from the wise, nor word] from the prophet’ (Jer 18:18) [ ] [ ] at the end of days as David said, ‘O Yahweh, re[buke me] not in thine anger [ fo]r I am languishing; (Ps 6:2-3) [ ]

‫‪A. PESHARIM: THEMATIC PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫נפ]שי‬ ‫[ ֵונֵפשי נבהלה מאדה ועתה יהוה עד מתי חונני חלצה ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ ֵלמים על‬ ‫[‪°°‬ח‬ ‫ב[ליעל להאבידמה בחרונו אשר לוא יותיר ל]‬ ‫]‬ ‫לבליעל‬ ‫[‪°‬הם עד עשרה צדיקים בעיר כיא רוח אמת ה‪]°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫כי[א אין‬ ‫[‪°°°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬מה ואחיהמה במחשבל בליעל ויחזק עלי ֵו]‬ ‫]‬ ‫ל‪]°°°‬‬ ‫בליעל]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫אמת ֵו יֵעזור לכול בני אור מיד‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫מלאך‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫]‬ ‫ארץ ציה ושממה×היא עת ענות המ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ולפזר]ם[ ִב ִ‬ ‫] [‪]°°°‬‬ ‫הצ]די[ ֵק ויד אל הגדולה עמהמה לעוזֵרם מכול רוחו]ת[‬ ‫תמד ידוד ֵ‬ ‫] [ ִ‬ ‫] [‪°‬אוִ אל וקדושו שמו ובאו ציון בסמחה וירושלים]‬ ‫]ב[ל]יע[ל וֵכול אנשי גורלו ו‪ [ ]°‬לעד וִ נִאספו כול בני א]ור[‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫ִה ִע‪ֵ [ ]°‬ם]‬ ‫בליעל י]‬ ‫לאחרית]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫שוֵפר ב‪]°‬‬ ‫אמרֵתי]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫וִ‬ ‫אל את‪]°‬‬ ‫בליע]ל‬ ‫אנשי]‬ ‫×‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 14‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫יואמ]ר‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫הכבו ִֵד אשר‬ ‫בחר] [ ֵ‬ ‫[וִ ִ‬ ‫]‬ ‫חפצי] בם‬ ‫]לקדושים אשר [בא]רץ ה[מה ואד ֵי]ר[ ֵי כול ֵ‬ ‫מתנִ ]ים‬ ‫ו[ ֵפיק] ב[רכים וחלחלה בכול ִ‬ ‫]‬ ‫הקשיבה רנתי האזינה ל]תפלתי‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ר את עצת היחד וֵהואה]‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ הרי ‪[ ]°°°°°‬ל]‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪Frg. 16‬‬

‫‪Frg. 15‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ידיהם]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫כיא ה]‬ ‫‪]°°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[ ִוילם]‬ ‫[לעצ]‬ ‫[ם]‬ ‫[ה‪]°‬‬

4Q177 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

15

[ ] and my soul is sorely troubled. And now, O Yahweh, how long? Be gracious unto me, save [my] li[fe (Ps 6:4-5) ] upon [ ] [ Be]lial to destroy them in his anger, whom he will not leave to [ ] to Belial [ ] [ ] them unto ten righteous men in the city, for the spirit of truth [ f]or there is no [ ] [ ] and their brothers by the device of Belial that he might prevail over him [ ] [ ] his angel of truth will help all the Children of Light from the power of Belial [ ] [ ] and to scatter [them] in ‘a dry and desolate land.’ That is the time of affliction that [ ] [ ] continually the ri[ghte]ous man will flee, and the great hand of God will be with them to help them from all the spirit[s of ] [ ] God, and his holy ones they have appointed and they shall enter Zion with gladness and to Jerusalem [ ] [ Be]l[ia]l and all the men of his lot, and [ ] for ever, and all the Children of L[ight] shall be gathered together [ ]

Col. ii 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Belial [ ] to the last[ ] trumpet in [ ] I said[ ] God [ ] Belia[l ] men of[ ]

Frg. 14 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

[ ] the glorious [ ] as it will sa[y ] [ ‘to the holy ones who are] in the la[nd, th]ey and the nobles [in whom] is all my delight’ (Ps 16:3) [ ] [ ‘and] tottering of [kn]ees and anguish is in all loi[ns’ (Nah 2:11)] [ ] ‘attend to my cry, give ear to [my prayer’ (Ps 17:1)] [ ] the council of the community, and it [ ] [ ]mountains of [ ]

Frg. 15 1. 2.

their hands[ for the[ ]

]

‫‪A. PESHARIM: THEMATIC PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 17‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[במ]‬ ‫[‪°‬ב‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵאותות]‬

‫‪Frg. 18‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[מ‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ספר]‬ ‫[בב‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬רא‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 19‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ ֵשי נ‪°‬ה ב‪ִ °°°‬אלי ה‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬התלוננו יחד ול‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬יתגוללו ה‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬דריו אקבוץ חרו ֵן]‬ ‫[יֵשובון וב‪]°°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 20‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[ם כיא]‬ ‫מזוקק]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‪°‬ות המ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬ל ב]‬

‫‪Frg. 21‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[אשר יבקש‪]°‬‬ ‫ב[ ֵק ֵש ל]‬

‫‪Frg. 22‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[מה]‬ ‫[‪°‬נו]‬ ‫[בח‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 23‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪°‬יא]‬ ‫אסף]‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 24‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫לקח]‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫[ה‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 26‬‬

‫‪Frg. 25‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪]°°°‬‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬ב]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪°‬נפש ֵי]‬ ‫[ ֵה] [‪ֵ °‬ת]‬ ‫‪Frg. 28‬‬

‫‪Frg. 27‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ש‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵבחירי]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ת‪]°‬‬ ‫[שר א‪]°‬‬ ‫[לה‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 30‬‬

‫‪Frg. 29‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ ִרעיכה]‬ ‫[×ת‪]°‬‬ ‫[יֵדח‪]°‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪]°°°°°°°‬‬ ‫[ ֵספסוף‪]°°‬‬ ‫לשל]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ים‬

4Q177 Frg. 18 2.

[

17

Frg. 17 ]book[

] 3.

Frg. 20 2. 3.

[ [

[

]signs[

]

Frg. 19 ] for[ ] ]well refined[

2. 3.

]

4. 5. 6.

[ [ ] [ [ [

] my God [ ] ] they murmured together and [ ] they will be sullied [ ] ]his [ ] I will gather wrath[ ]they will return [ ]

Frg. 21 2. 3.

Frg. 24 2.

[

[ [

]who shall seek[ s]eek to[ ]

]

Frg. 23 ]he took[

]

2.

[

]he gathered[

]

Frg. 26 1.

[

] my soul[

]

Frg. 27 2.

Frg. 30 2. 3.

[ [

[

]my chosen[

]

Frg. 29 m]ixed multitude [ ] to [ ]

]

1.

[

]your companions[

]

]

‫‪A. PESHARIM: THEMATIC PESHARIM‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪4Q178 (4QUnclass. frags.) ed. J. M. Allegro, DJD V‬‬ ‫)?‪(= 4QMidrEschatc‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[‪ִ °°°‬ם וֵלע]מ[וד לפני ‪]°‬‬ ‫אשר צוה בצר למו בא]‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫[‪°‬דת הארץ י‪]°‬‬ ‫[בקש הי‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִהשלום ו]‬ ‫[ ֵהרוח]‬ ‫‪Frg. 2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[‪°°‬ם וי]‬ ‫[דבר בש‪]°‬‬ ‫[ת הימים]‬ ‫[ ֵתורה ינדפ]‬ ‫[ובמחשב ֵו]ת‬ ‫[‪]vacat‬‬

‫‪Frg. 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[ ֵשאו] [‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬כאשר כתוב]‬ ‫[ ֵלם ושבי י‪]°‬‬ ‫אחר[ית הימי]ם‬ ‫[‪°‬דם]‬

‫‪Frg. 4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪°‬הל‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬לאדם]‬ ‫[ ִצדקה ול‪]°°‬‬ ‫[צאצאי‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ויב]‬ ‫פיתאו]ם‬ ‫בא‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 7‬‬

‫‪Frg. 6‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ה ֵו]‬ ‫למעשי]‬ ‫וענות]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫האשה וש‪]°‬‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[‪°‬ת‪]°°°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 9‬‬

‫‪Frg. 8‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫ותיהם‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‪°‬‬ ‫[ושו להשמ]‬ ‫[ ‪°[ ]°‬ים]‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫[בליעל]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬עו]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫[ ֵהיֵמים ולוא]‬ ‫[‪°‬וִ הטוב]‬ ‫[ ִל]‬ ‫‪Frg. 11‬‬

‫‪Frg. 10‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫[ ולענוי‬ ‫[ל]‬

4Q178

19

4Q178 (4QUnclass. frags.) trans. N. Gordon Frg. 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

[ [ [ [ [ [

] and to st[a]nd before[ ] ]which he commanded in their time of trouble in [ ] of the land [ ] ]he sought [ ] ]the peace [ ] ]the spirit[ ]

Frg. 3 1. 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [ [

Frg. 2 ]lift up[ ] ]as it is written[ ] ] and the captivity [ ] ]the [en]d of day[s ]

Frg. 5 1. 2.

2. 3. 4. 5.

and he [ suddenl[y

] ]

2. 3. 4.

the woman and [

]of days and not[ ] the good[ ]

]

1. 2.

to action[ ] and humility of[

[ [

]their [ ]to [ ]

]

]Belial[

]

Frg. 10 1.

[

] for the man[ ] ]righteousness [ ] ]offspring of[ ]

Frg. 8

Frg. 11 2.

[ [ [

]

Frg. 9 [ [

]he spoke in [ ] ]the [ ] of days[ ] ]law, he shall blow[ ]away[ ]and with plan[s ]

Frg. 6 2. 3.

2. 3.

[ [ [ [

Frg. 4

Frg. 7 1.

]

] and for the poor

[

]

]

‫‪A. PESHARIM: THEMATIC PESHARIM‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪Frg. 12‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[דניא]ל‬ ‫[ הנות‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 13‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[בו יש]‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬

‫‪4Q182 (4QCatena B) ed. J. M. Allegro, DJD V‬‬ ‫)?‪(= 4QMidrEschatd‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫[ ֵאחרית הימים על ‪]///‬‬ ‫[ה אשר יקשו את עורפם]‬ ‫[ויפרעו ביד רמה להחל]‬ ‫ירמ]יה‬ ‫בספר ֵ‬ ‫אשר כ[ ֵתוב עליהם ִ‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬ה ֵע‪ֵ [ ]°°°°°°‬ל]‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ֵמיֵא לאחרית הי]מי[ ֵם]‬ ‫[‪°‬ה להכותם ‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Frg. 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪4Q180 (4QAgesCreat A) ed. J. M. Allegro, DJD V‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫‪Frg. 1‬‬

‫להתה]לך‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫קץ‬ ‫פשר על הקצים אשר עשה אל ֵ‬ ‫פעולות]יהם‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ונהיה כטרם בראם הכין‬ ‫ֵק ץ לקצו והוא חרות ֵל]‬ ‫[ ִל‬ ‫[קצי ממשלותם זה סרך ט]‬ ‫עשרים ִה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‪ °‬הוליד ישחק את‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫ֵפשר על עזזאל והמלאכים אש]ר‬ ‫וי[לדו להם גברים ועל עזזאל]‬ ‫[עולה ולהנחיל רשעה כל‪]°‬‬ ‫סוד] [‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬משפטים ומשפט ֵ‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫[ ֵד ֵר ֵך‬ ‫[ ֵעל ִפנִ ֵי ֵו‬ ‫[‪vacat‬‬ ‫[יִא‬ ‫[ ֵמ ֵה‬ ‫[‪°°°‬‬ ‫[ ִא ִמ ִר ִנו ִֵח‬ ‫[‪°°°‬‬

‫‪Frgs. 2–4‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬

4Q180

21

Frg. 12 1.

[

]Danie[l

]

4Q182 (4QCatena B) trans. J. M. Allegro with N. Gordon Frg. 1 1. 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [ [

] the end of days concerning [ ] ] who will stiffen their necks [ ] ] and they cast off restraint arrogantly to profane [ ] as it is wr]itten concerning them in the book of Jerem[iah

]

Frg. 2 1. 2.

[ [

] at the end of d[ay]s [ ] to smite them [ ]

]

4Q180 (4QAgesCreat A) trans. J. M. Allegro with N. Gordon Frg. 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

An interpretation concerning the ages which God made: an age for walk[ing and is to come. Before he created them he ordained [their] works [ ] an age to its age; and it was engraved upon tablets [ ] [ ] the ages of their rule. This is the order of [ ] [ ] Isaac begot twenty [ ] vacat [ ] Interpretation concerning Azazel and the angels wh[o ] [ and they b]ore to them giants; and concerning Azazel [ ] [ ] iniquity and to make all [ ] inherit wickedness [ ] [ ] judgements and the judgement of the Council [ ]

Frgs. 2–4 Col. i 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

]way ]upon his face ] vacat

7.

[

]Noah said

]

‫‪A. PESHARIM: THEMATIC PESHARIM‬‬

‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫אש ֵר שכןִ ‪ֵ °[ ]°‬ץ]‬ ‫[‪°‬יןִ הוא ִ‬ ‫ֵא ֵש ֵר ֵא]‬ ‫[‪°‬ש‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵפ‪]°‬‬ ‫יפה א‪[ ]°‬י ֵ‬ ‫[ ִת ִ‬ ‫אד ִע ]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ֵש ֵי]ם‬ ‫[שלושת האנ ֵ‬ ‫‪]°‬‬ ‫המה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ֵם‬ ‫מלאכי ֵ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ם מאלו ֵנֵי ממרה‬ ‫]‬ ‫[חטאתמה ‪]°‬‬ ‫[יעמוד ‪]°°°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫עת‪]°‬‬ ‫ואד‪°‬ה ‪ֵ °°‬‬ ‫[ה נא ִ‬ ‫‪°°‬ה מא‪]°°‬‬ ‫] [שה ֵכל ‪°°°°‬לא אד ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵא]‬ ‫ב‪[ ]°‬אש‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ואראה כיא הכול]‬ ‫דובר]‬ ‫מחשב]ותיהם‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[בטרם בראם ידע‬ ‫‪]°‬‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frgs. 5–6‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[לם ]‬ ‫האר‪]°‬‬ ‫אשר כ[ ֵתוב על ִ‬ ‫[ ֵדרך שני י ִִמים ‪]°‬‬ ‫הר ציון ירושל ֵי]ם‬ ‫[ ֵא ֵ‬ ‫פרעה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫אש[ר כתוב על‬ ‫[‪]°°°°‬‬

‫‪4Q181 (4QAgesCreat B) ed. J. M. Allegro, DJD V‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫לאשמה ביחד עם ס‪[ ]°‬ע‪[ ]°‬ל ‪[ ]°°‬ל בחטאת בני אדם ולמשפטים גדולים‬ ‫ומחלים רעים‬ ‫א‬ ‫רשעם לפי ֵמ ֵר ֵדתם מסוד בני ֵש]מים[ וארץ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ולעומ ִת‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫בבשר לפי גבורות אל‬ ‫ליחד רשעה עד‬ ‫קצה לעומת רחמי אל ִלפי טובו והפלא כבודו הגיש מבני תבל‬ ‫עמוִ ֵב]סוד‬ ‫להתחשב ִ‬ ‫]א[לים לעדת קודש במעמד לחיי עולם ובגורל עם קדושיו ֵב]‬ ‫מ[לאו איש לפי גורלו אשר ֵהפ]י[ל] [ל]‬ ‫]‬ ‫[לחיי ִע]ו[ל]ם‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Frg. 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[‪ °‬יֵשחק]‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫וילד]ו[ להמה גבור]ים‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵהאדם‬ ‫א[ת ישראל בשבעים השביע ל]‬ ‫אוהבי עולה ומנחילי אשמה ‪]°‬‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫לעינִ ִי כול יודעיו ‪ֵ °°‬ש]‬ ‫חקר]‬ ‫ולטובו אין ֵ‬

4Q181

23

Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 9. 10.

who [ ] he it is who dwelt [ ] I know [ ] beautiful [ ] [ ] three men [ ] [ ] from the oaks of Mamreh angels they [ [ ] will arise [ ] their sin [ ] [ ] please and I will [ ] [ ] all [ ]

]

speaking [ ] and I saw that all [ ] [ ] before he created them he knew [their] plan[s

]

Frgs. 5–6 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ [ [ [

as it is wr]itten concerning [ ] ] two days’ journey [ ] ] Mount Zion, Jerusal[em ] a]s it is written concerning Pharaoh [

]

4Q181 (4QAgesCreat B) trans. J. M. Allegro with N. Gordon Frg. 1 1. 2.

3.

4. 5. 6.

for guilt in the community with [ ] in the sin of mankind and for great judgements and grievous ills in the flesh according to God’s mighty deeds and corresponding to their wickedness, according to their rebellion from the Council of the sons of h[eaven] and earth to the community of wickedness to its end, corresponding to God’s mercies, according to his goodness. But wonderfully his glory has brought near some of the children of the world, to be reckoned with him in [the Council of the g]ods, for a holy congregation in the station to everlasting life and in a lot with his holy ones [ [ est]ablished a man according to his lot which he had cast for [ [ ] to everlasting life [

Frg. 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

] Isaac [ ] man and there were born to them giant[s ] Israel he has sated with plenty [ ] lovers of iniquity and those who cause to inherit guilt [ before the eyes of all who know him [ ] and his goodness is unsearchable [ ]

]

‫‪A. PESHARIM: THEMATIC PESHARIM‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫מדע]‬ ‫אלה נפלאי ֵ‬ ‫ִתכנם באמתו ו]‬ ‫בכול קצותם]‬ ‫בריאותיה]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫א]‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪Frg. 3‬‬

‫‪11Q13 (11QMelch) ed. F. García Martínez, E. J. C. Tigchelaar,‬‬ ‫‪and A. S. van der Woude, DJD XXIII‬‬ ‫)‪Col. I (Frg. 1‬‬

‫[שוִ ן מושה כיא ‪]°‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫[‪[ ] °°‬ש]‬

‫)‪Col. II (Frgs. 1, 2 i, 3 i, 4‬‬ ‫?‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪ֵ °°°° °°‬מ‪ֵ °°‬ע ֵל]‬ ‫[‬ ‫]‬ ‫ֵא ֵשר אמר בשנת היובל ]הזואת תשובו איש אל‬ ‫[ ֵל ו ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫אחוזתו ועליו אמר וז[ה‬ ‫ישה] ברעהו לוא יגוש את‬ ‫]דבר השמטה[ שמוט כול בעל משה יד אשר ִ‬ ‫רעהו ואת אחיו כיא קרא [שמטה‬ ‫ֵל ֵא]ל פשרו [ ֵל ֵא ֵחרית הימים על השבויים אשר ]‬ ‫ואשר‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫[‪ °°°°‬וֵהמה‬ ‫בא ִו וִ ִס ֵת ִר]ו[ ומנחלת מלכי צדק כ ֵי]א‬ ‫ִמו ִֵרי ִֵהמה ֵה ֵח ִ‬ ‫נח ֵל]ת מלכי צ[דק אשר‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫מה] משא [ ִכ ִול עוונותיהמה ו]כן‬ ‫לה ִ‬ ‫ישיבמה אליהמה וקרא להמה דרור לעזוב ִ‬ ‫יהי[ ֵה ִהדבר הזה‬ ‫אח ֵר ֵת ֵש]עה ה[יובלים ו ִי]ום הכפ[וֵרים ה]וא[ה ֵס]וף‬ ‫ראישון ִ‬ ‫ֵע היובל ֵה ֵ‬ ‫ֵב ֵש ֵבו ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵה]יו[בל העשירי‬ ‫על ֵי]המ[ה‬ ‫[‪°‬ם ִ‬ ‫לכפר בו על כול בני ]אור ו[ ִאנש]י [גִ ורל מל]כי [צדק]‬ ‫לפ]י [ ֵכ]ול עש[ותמה כיא‬ ‫הת] [ ֵ‬ ‫לממ ִשלת‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ֵלצ ֵב]איו ע[ ֵם קדושי אל‬ ‫צדק ו ֵ‬ ‫הק ִץ ֵלשנת הרצון למלכי ֵ‬ ‫הואה ִ‬ ‫משפט כאשר כתוב‬ ‫בע]דת אל [ ִבקורב אלוהים ישפוט‬ ‫עליו בשיר ִי דויד אשר אמר אלוהים ]נ[ ִצב ִ‬ ‫ועליו ִא ִמ]ר ו[ ִעלי]ה[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫למרום שובה אל ידין עמים ואשר א]מר עד מתי ת[שפוטו עוול ופני רשע]י[ם‬ ‫תש]או ס[לה‬ ‫מחוקי אל‬ ‫[‪°‬יִם בס ִו]רמ[ ֵה ִ‬ ‫וחי גורלו אש]ר‬ ‫פשרו על בליעל ועל ִר ֵ‬ ‫ל]הרשיע[‬ ‫משפ ֵטי א]ל וביום ההואה יצי[ ֵל]מה מיד [ ֵבליעל ומיד‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫נק ֵם‬ ‫ומלכי ִצדק יקום ֵ‬ ‫כול ֵר]וחי גורלו[‬

11Q13 7. 8. 9. 10.

25

these are the wonders of knowledge [ ] he has measured them by his truth and [ ] in all their ages [ ] her created things [

11Q13 (11QMelch) trans. F. García Martínez, E. J. C. Tigchelaar, and A. S. van der Woude Col. I (Frg. 1) 12. ] Moses, because [

Col. II (Frgs. 1, 2 i, 3 i, 4) 2. [ ] and as for what he said: ‘In [this] year of jubilee [each of you shall return to his property,’ (Lev 25:13) concerning it he said: ‘And th]is is 3. [the manner of the remission:] every creditor shall remit what he has lent [his neighbour. He shall not press his neighbour or his brother for it has been proclaimed] a remission 4. of Go[d.’ (Deut 15:2) Its interpretation] for the final days concerns the captives, who [ ] and whose 5. teachers have been hidden and kept secret, and from the inheritance of Melchizedek, fo[r ] and they are the inheritan[ce of Melchize]dek who 6. will make them return. And liberty shall be proclaimed to them, to free them from [the debt of] all their iniquities. And this [wil]l [happen] 7. in the first week of the jubilee (that occurs) after [the] ni[ne] jubilees. And the D[ay of Atone]ment i[s] the e[nd of] the tenth [ju]bilee, 8. in which atonement shall be made for all the sons of [light and for] the men [of] the lot of Mel[chi]zedek[ ] over [th]em [ ] accor[ding to] a[ll] their [doing]s, for 9. it is the time for the year of grace of Melchizedek and of [his] arm[ies, the nati]on [of] the holy ones of God, of the administration of justice, as is written 10. about him in the songs of David, who said: ‘Elohim shall [st]and in the ass[embly of God]; in the midst of the gods he shall judge.’ (Ps 82:1) And about him he sa[id: ‘And] above [it,] 11. to the heights, return: God shall judge the nations.’ (Ps 7:8-9) And as for what he s[aid: ‘How long will you] judge unjustly, and be par[tial] to the wick[e]d. [Se]lah,’ (Ps 82:2) 12. the interpretation of it concerns Belial and the spirits of his lot wh[o ], in [the]ir tur[ning] away from God’s commandments to [commit evil]. 13. And Melchizedek will carry out the vengeance of Go[d]’s judgements [and on that day he will f]r[ee them from the hand of] Belial and from the hand of all the s[pirits of his lot.]

‫‪A. PESHARIM: THEMATIC PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫[ ִכוִ ל בני אל והפ]‬ ‫ביד ישע[יה הנביא אשר‬

‫ובעזרו כול אלי ]הצדק וה[וֵאה א]שר‬ ‫אמ ִר]‬ ‫הזואת הואה יום ִה]שלום א[שר ִ‬ ‫אמר] מה [נִאוו‬ ‫על הרים רגל]י[ מבש]ר מ[שמיע שלום מב]שר טוב משמיע ישוע[ ִה ]א[וִמר‬ ‫לציון ]מלך [ ִאלוהיך‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬מ] [ לכול‬ ‫ההריֵם] המה[ ִה ִנביא ִי]ם [המה א ]‬ ‫ִפשרו ִ‬ ‫‪]°°‬‬ ‫והמבשר הו]אה [ ִמשיח הרוִ ]ח[ ֵכאשר אמר דנִ ]יאל עליו עד משיח נגיד‬ ‫שבועים שבעה ומבשר[‬ ‫הכתוב עליו אשר ]‬ ‫טוִ ֵב משמי]ע ישועה [הואה ֵ‬ ‫כילמה בכול קצי הע]ולם‬ ‫לנח]ם[ ה]אבלים פשרו [ל]ה[ ִש ִ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ ִמ ִה א]‬ ‫ִבאמת ִל ֵמ ]‬ ‫[נִ ִק]‬ ‫ותש]וב‬ ‫[ר הוסרה מבליעל ֵ‬ ‫‪]°°‬‬ ‫כתוב עליו] אומר לצי[ון מלך‬ ‫[במשפט]י[ אל כאשר ִ‬ ‫]‬ ‫אלוהיך ]צי[ון ה]יאה[‬ ‫ֵך העם‬ ‫מלכת ]בד[ר ֵ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]עדת כול בני הצדק המה [מקימ]י[ הברית הסרים‬ ‫היך ִה ִואה‬ ‫ואל]ו[ ִ‬ ‫מלכי צדק אשר יצי[ל]מה מי[ ִד בליעל ואשר אמר והעברתמה שו]פר‬ ‫]‬ ‫ב[ ִכוִ ֵל ]א[ ִרץ‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫)‪Col. III (Frgs. 2 ii, 3 ii‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬

‫] [ם]‬ ‫ודעו ֵד ֵב‪]°°°‬‬ ‫אל יִאו]‬ ‫ורוב]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫] [ ִל‪]°°‬‬ ‫ֵה ֵמ ֵה]‬ ‫התור ִה] ע[ ֵלי ֵ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫באש]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫יתממ]ו[ ֵבליעל‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫בלבם ִת]‬ ‫במזמ]ו[ ֵת ֵ‬ ‫ֵב ִר] [ ֵע]‬ ‫יהוִדה ו ֵ‬ ‫את חומ]ו[ ֵת ִ‬ ‫וכ ִפר ‪ֵ [ ]°‬א]‬ ‫ולש ִאת ֵעמוד ֵ‬ ‫גדר ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵה]‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬ס‪]°°‬‬ ‫] [ ֵר]‬ ‫ה]‬ ‫ה‪]°‬‬ ‫בש]‬ ‫מאתים]‬ ‫השבוע]‬ ‫לקות] העתים‬ ‫]מח[ ִ‬ ‫[ ֵבנ ִֵפ]‬ ‫]‬ ‫] [ ֵה ֵי]‬

11Q13

27

14. And all the gods [of justice] are to his help; [and h]e is (the one) wh[o ] all the sons of God, and he will [ 15. This [ ] is the day of the [peace ab]out which he said [ through Isa]iah the prophet who said: [‘How] beautiful 16. upon (the) mountains are the feet [of] the messen[ger who an]nounces peace, the mes[senger of good who announces salvati]on, [sa]ying to Zion: your God [is king’] (Isa 52:7) 17. Its interpretation: the ‘mountains’ [are] the prophet[s]; they [ ] every [ ] 18. And the ‘messenger’ i[s] the anointed of the spir[it], as Dan[iel] said [about him: ‘Until an anointed, a prince, it is seven weeks.’ (Dan 9:25) And the messenger of] 19. good who announ[ces salvation] is the one about whom it is written [ 20. ‘To comfo[rt] the [afflicted,’ (Isa 61:2) its interpretation:] to [in]struct them in all the ages of the w[orld 21. in truth [ ] [ 22. [ ] has turned away from Belial and shall retu[rn to ] [ 23. [ ] in the judgement[s of] God, as is written about him: ‘[saying to Zi]on: your God is king.’ (Isa 52:7) ‘[Zi]on’ i[s] 24. [the congregation of all the sons of justice, who] establish the covenant, who avoid walking [on the p]ath of the people. And ‘your G[o]d’ is 25. [ Melchizedek who will fr]ee [them from the han]d of Belial. And as for what he said: ‘And you shall blow the ho[rn in] all the [l]and (of)

Col. III (Frgs. 2 ii, 3 ii) 2. and know [ 3. God [ 4. and the multitude [ 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

the law [u]pon them [ [they] shall devour Belial with fire [ with plots in their hearts [ the ramparts of Judah, and [ a wall, and to lift up a column and [

16. two hundred [ 17. the week [ 18. [the di]visions [of the times

‫‪A. PESHARIM: THEMATIC PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 5‬‬

‫[‪°[ ]° °‬מ]‬ ‫יגיד]‬ ‫[והוא]ה[ ִ‬ ‫[בליעל יִמרו ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵא‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Frg. 6‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[ש‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ]‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬ה]‬ ‫פש]רו‬ ‫ע[ ִתים ֵ‬ ‫במק]‬ ‫[ ֵ‬

‫‪Frg. 7‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫[ ֵר‪]°°‬‬ ‫היא]ה‬ ‫[מה ֵ‬ ‫יר]ושלם‬ ‫[חומת ֵ‬ ‫[במועדה]‬ ‫[ש הי]‬ ‫[ם ו ֵי]‬ ‫[סוף ה ִי]ובל‬ ‫[ירי ]‬ ‫י[ ִשאנו ]‬ ‫[ם באלה]‬ ‫[ ִבב]‬

‫‪Frg. 8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[מלכי] צדק‬ ‫[ ִתקו יד]י‬ ‫דת]‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬‬

‫‪Frg. 10‬‬

‫‪Frg. 9‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ִה]‬ ‫[‪] °‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪Frg. 11‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ֵרה ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ותן ב‪]°‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫ול]‬ ‫[רו ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵד אל ב]‬ ‫[ ֵם ֵה]‬

11Q13 Frg. 6

29

Frg. 5 2. ] and he will announce [ 3. ] (of) Belial shall rebel [

4. ti]mes. [Its] inter[pretation 5. ] in [

Frg. 8 1. ] Melchi[zedek 2. ] the hand[s of

Frg. 7 2. ] it is [ 3. ] the rampart of Jer[usalem 4. ] at its appointed time [ 6. ] and [ 7. ] the end of the j[ubilee 9. he] will carry it [ 10. ] in those[

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬

‫‪4Q163 (4Qpap pIsac [pesher Isaiah (1)]) ed. J. M. Allegro, DJD V‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬הואה]‬ ‫דרך]‬ ‫[וֵבלע ִ‬ ‫כאשר כ[ ֵתוב על ֵי ֵו ֵבי ֵֵר]מיה‬ ‫‪Frgs. 2–3‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫עליה]ם[ את ִמ ִי הנהר ה]עצומים והרבים את מלך‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]ולכן הנה אדני מע[לה‬ ‫אשור[‬ ‫]ואת כל כבודו ועלה[ על כל אפיקו והלך על כל גדו]תיו וחלף ביהודה‬ ‫שטף[ ועב]ר[‬ ‫ארצכ]ה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]עד צואר יגיע וה[יו מטות כנפו מלא רחב‬ ‫רע]ו‬ ‫[ ִע]‪ֵ [°°‬ם התרה היא ִרצ ִי ִן ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫כ[ ֵתוב ב]‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ ֵם ולא]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Frgs. 4–7‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬

‫[כתוב‬ ‫[ליהמה‬ ‫ֵאל ִבכול‬ ‫י[ ֵשר ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵבוא והואה‬ ‫ֵביִום אחד זקן‬ ‫[ ֵם ו ֵ‬ ‫[הואה הזנב‬ ‫מב[לעים על כן‬ ‫ירחם‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫אל[ ֵמנותו לוא‬ ‫? ‪vacat‬‬ ‫? ‪vacat‬‬

‫[ ֵב ֵש ֵת ֵם‬ ‫[‪ °°‬נפש]‬ ‫כיא בערה כאש רשע[ה שמיר ]ושית ת[אכל ותצית‬

4Q163

31

B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM

4Q163 (4Qpap pIsac [pesher Isaiah (1)]) trans. J. M. Allegro with M. Wise, M. Abegg, E. Cook, and N. Gordon Frg. 1 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [

] it[ ] ]and He will destroy the way of[ ] as it is wr]itten concerning him by Jere[miah

]

Frgs. 2–3 1. 2.

3. 4. 5. 6.

[‘Now therefore, behold, the Lord will bring] up against th[em] the waters of the River, [mighty and massive, the king of Assyria] [and all his multitude; and it shall rise] above all its channels, and go over all [its] ban[ks;’] (Isa 8:7) [‘It shall sweep onward into Judah; it shall overflow] and pa[ss through;] [it shall reach even to the neck;] and the stretching out of its wings [sh]all fill the breadth of you[r] land’[ (8:8)] [ ]the Torah is Rezin. ‘Band together’ (8:9)[ ] [ is wr]itten [ ] [ ] and not[ ]

Frgs. 4–7 Col. i 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

[ [ [ [ [ [ [ [

]is written ]their [ ] ‘I]srael with open’ (9:11) ]come and he ]‘and in one day.’ (9:13) ‘The elder ]he is the tail.’ (9:14) ‘are d]estroyed.’ (9:15) ‘Therefore ]neither will he have compassion on their [wi]dows’ (9:16) vacat ? vacat ? [ ]their shame [ ] soul[ ] [‘For wicked]ness[ burns as the fire; it] devours the briers [and thorns;] yea, it kindles

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫‪32‬‬

‫בסבכי היער ויתאבכו גא[ות עשן ]בעברת יהוה צ[באות ]נת[ ִעם‬ ‫אל אח ֵי]ו לו[א‬ ‫[איש ִ‬ ‫]‬ ‫בת‬ ‫ֵש ֵ‬ ‫[ ִשמאול ולוא י ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ ֵאפרים ואפרי]ם[ ִאת‬ ‫]‬ ‫]מנש[ ֵה יחדיו] המה על יהודה בכול זאת לוא[ שב אפו‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬ ‫‪The scribal signs which appear at the beginning of some lines in this column in DJD are not‬‬ ‫‪reproduced here.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬

‫]והיה[ כיא יבצע ]אדוני את כול מעשהו בהר ציון ובירושלים אפקד על פרי[‬ ‫]גד[ל לבב מלך א]שור ועל תפארת רום עיניו כיא אמר בכח ידי עשיתי[‬ ‫]ובחכמת[ ֵי כיא ]נבנותי ואסיר גבולת עמים ועתידתיהם שושתי[‬ ‫[‬ ‫פשר הדבר על ֵח ֵב ֵל בבל]‬ ‫[‬ ‫חקות עמים ֵה]‪ֵ [°‬ת‪]°‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫ֵלבגוד רבים הוא]‬ ‫אמ ֵר ]ושאר עץ יערו מספר יהיו ונער יכתבם[‬ ‫ישראל ואשר ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫פשרו למעוט האדם]‬ ‫[‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫ההואה ]לוא יוסיף עוד שאר ישראל ופליטת[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫והיה ביום‬ ‫להש]ען על מכהו ונשען על יהוה קדוש[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫בית יעקוב‬ ‫]ישר[אל באמת ש]אר ישוב שאר יעקוב אל אל גבור[‬ ‫כי אם יהיה עמכה ִי]שראל כחול הים שאר ישוב בו[‬ ‫[‬ ‫פשר הדבר לאחרית ֵה]ימים‬ ‫[‬ ‫בש]בי‬ ‫ילכו ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫אמ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫ִעט]‬ ‫פשרו ֵלמי ִ‬ ‫כאשר כתוב] כליון חרוץ שוטף צדקה כיא כלה ונחרצה[‬ ‫[‬ ‫אדוני יהוה ]צבאות עשה בקרב כול הארץ‬ ‫[‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫לכן כוה אמר אדוני י]הוה‬

4Q163 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

33

[in the thickets of the forest, and they roll upward in a col]umn of smoke.’ (9:17) [‘Through the wrath of the LORD of h]osts[ is the bur]nt up [ n]o man [ his] brother.’ (9:18) [ ] ‘on the left hand, and they shall not cease’ (9:19) [ ]‘Ephraim; and Ephrai[m,] [Manass]eh; and [they] together [shall be against Judah. For all this] his anger is [not] turned away[ (9:20)]

Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

[it shall come to pass,] that, when [the Lord] has performed [his whole work upon mount Zion and on Jerusalem, I will punish the fruit] [the maje]stic pride [and overbearing arrogance] of the king of A[ssyria.’ (10:12). ‘For he has said, By the strength of my hand have I done it] [by ]my[ skill, ]for[ I am clever: I have removed the borders of peoples; I have plundered their treasures’] (10:13) the interpretation of the passage concerns the territory of Babylon [ ] decrees of peoples [ ] to deal treacherously with many, he [ ] Israel. And as it says [‘And the remnant of the trees of his forest shall be few, so that a child may write them.’ (10:19)] its interpretation concerns the diminution of mankind[ ] vacat [ ] ‘And it will come to pass at that time, [that the remnant of Israel and the refugees of] Jacob’s house [will no longer] rel[y on the one who hurts them, but shall rely on the LORD, the Holy One of] [Isr]ael, in truth.’ (10:20) ‘Only a rem[nant will return, a remnant of Jacob, to God Almighty;’ (10:21)] ‘for even if your people, O I[srael, were as many as the sand of the sea, only a remnant of it would return.’ (10:22)] The interpretation of the phrase: at the end of [days ] they will go into cap[tivity ] [ ] its interpretation concerns the reduction [ ] as it is written [‘a destruction is determined, overflowing with righteousness.’ (10:22) ‘For a full end, and that determined, will] the Lord, LORD [of hosts, make in the midst of all the earth.’ (10:23) ] vacat [ ] ‘Therefore thus saith the Lord, L[ord of’ (10:24).

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬

‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪Frgs. 8–10‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫גם ברושים[‬ ‫כלה בבל]‬ ‫] פשר הדב[ ֵר על ֵ‬ ‫]שמחו ל[כה ארזי לבנון מא ֵז] שכבת לוא יעלה[‬ ‫[‬ ‫]הכרת[ עלימו הברושים ואר ֵז]י לבנון הם‬ ‫ֵא]ת העצה היעוצה על[‬ ‫[ ֵל ֵב ֵנוֵןִ ואשר אמר ֵזו ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫]כול[ ֵה ִא ִר ִץ וזואת היד ]הנטויה על כול הגוים[‬ ‫יע]ץ ומי יפר וידו הנטויה[‬ ‫]כיא יהו[ה צבאות ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫]ומי ישי[בנה היאה ִמ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫זכריה ִמ ִפ]‬ ‫כתו[ ֵב ִבספר ִ‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬

‫אח]ז היה המשא הזה אל תש[ ֵמ ֵח ֵי‬ ‫]בשנת מו[ת המלך ִ‬ ‫ֵלך כיא נשבר שבט ]מכך כיא משרש נ[חש י]צא[‬ ‫]פלשת כ[ו ֵ‬ ‫]צפע ופריו שרף[ ֵמ ֵעוִ ִפ ִף ֵב]כורי דלים ו[אביוֵנים‬ ‫]לבטח ירבצו והמתי ברעב שרשך וש[ ֵא ֵרי ִִת]ך יהרג[‬

‫‪Frg. 11‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ֵב ] [‪ֵ °‬ם‬ ‫[ה עובדי‬ ‫[ ִה ִמה‬ ‫[‪°‬ציה‪°°‬‬ ‫זִא ֵת‬ ‫[ ֵה ֵ‬ ‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ואורגים] חורי והיו שתתיה מדכאים כול עושי[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫אגמ]י נפש אך אולים שרי צען חכמי יועצי[‬ ‫שכר ֵ‬ ‫פרעוה עצ]ה נבערה איך תאמרו אל פרעוה בני חכמים[‬ ‫אנ ִי בני מ]לכי קדם אים אפוא חכמיכה ויגידו נא[‬ ‫[‬ ‫ל]כה וידעו‬

‫‪Frg. 12‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ר בואוִ ]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬ב ֵר ֵא ֵש]‬ ‫[‪°‬די ‪]°°°‬‬

4Q163

35

Frgs. 8–10 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

[The interpretation of the passa]ge concerns the destruction of Babylon [ ‘Even the pine trees] [rejoice at] you, and the cedars of Lebanon. Since [you have lain down, no hewer has come up] against them.’ (14:8) ‘The pines’ and ‘the cedars [of Lebanon’ are ] [ ] and as for the verse that says, ‘Thi[s is the plan that was planned against] [all] the earth, and this is the hand [outstretched against all the nations;] [for the Lor]d of Hosts has plan[ned; who can annul it? His hand is stretched out;] [who can] turn it back?’ (14:26-27) This is [ ] [writt]en in the book of Zechariah [ ] vacat vacat [‘In the year that] king Aha[z die]d[ was this burden.’ (14:28) ‘Rej]oice[ not], [O Philistia, a]ll of you, because the rod [that smote you] is broken;[ for out of the ser]pent’s [root] shall [come forth] [an adder, and his fruit shall be a fiery ]flying[ serpent.’] (14:29) ‘The fi[rst-born of the poor ]and[ the needy] [shall lie down in safety; and I will kill thy root with famine, and thy r]emnant[ shall be slain.’] (14:30)

Frg. 11 Col. i 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ [ [ [

] ‘they that work’ (19:9?) ]their ] arid [ ] ]this

Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

‘and weavers[ shall be confounded.’ (19:9) ‘And her pillars shall be crushed; all they that work] for hire shall be griev[ed in soul.’ (19:10) ‘The princes of Zoan are utterly foolish; the counsel of the wisest counselors of] Pharaoh is be[come brutish: how can you say to Pharaoh, ]I am[ the son of the wise,] the sons of [ancient] k[ings?’ (19:11) ‘Where then are your wise men? Let them tell ]y[ou now;] [and let them know’ ] (19:12)

Frg. 12 1. 2.

[ [

] come ye[ ] ] at the head[ ]

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫[ויתר יותר ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵהאבן אש]ר‬ ‫כ[והנים וא]‬ ‫[ למשקלת ֵו]‬ ‫כא[שר צו ִֵה]‬ ‫[ רעות ֵה]‬ ‫הא]‬ ‫[ ֵה ‪ֵ [ ]°‬‬ ‫ֵא]‬ ‫[ ֵהו ֵ‬

‫‪36‬‬

‫[‪°°°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 13‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‪°‬‬

‫[‪]°°°°‬‬ ‫קות ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵכי ֵה ֵר ִח ִ‬ ‫לאחר[ית הימים ֵע ֵל]‬ ‫ֵם ֵה]הו[ ֵאה יבק]שו‬ ‫[ ֵביו ֵ‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬צ ֵי‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 14‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫[ ֵתוִמים]‬ ‫אח[ ֵרית הימי]ם‬ ‫אבד ֵן ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵהוֵא ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵמה לוא תי]‬ ‫[‪°‬מה כפרם]‬ ‫[ ִבה אתרוִ ‪]°‬‬ ‫[את נפשו]‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫[‪]vacat‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫[‪]°°°°°‬‬ ‫[ ֵתוִ ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬ל]‬ ‫‪Frgs. 15–16‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ֵע ֵצ ִם ֵא ֵת] עיניכמה את הנביאים ואת[‬ ‫ֵה ]רוח ת[ ֵרדמה ֵוי ֵ‬ ‫ֵהו ֵ‬ ‫]עליכ[מה י ֵ‬ ‫הח]זים[ כסה ותהי לכמה ֵח]זות הכול כדברי הספר[‬ ‫]ר[אשיכמה ֵ‬ ‫]הח[תום אשר ]יתנו א[ותו אל יודע ספר ֵל ֵא]מור קרא נא זה[‬ ‫[‬ ‫ֵם הוא]‬ ‫]ואמר לוא אוכל כיא[ ֵחתו ֵ‬

‫‪Frg. 17‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ֵראנו ומי ]יודענו הפככמה אם כחמר היצר יחשב כיא יאמר[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ ִמעשה]‬

4Q163 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

[ [ [ [ [ [

]and a remnant will remain [ ]the stone th[at ] p]riests and [ ] ]‘as the plummet and’ (28:7)[ a]s he commanded[ ] ] evil [ ]

11

[

]he[

37

]

]

]

Frg. 13 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [

] for those distant [ ] at the en]d of days concerning [ ] ] in that day [they] will see[k ]

Frg. 14 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ [ [ [

7. 8.

[

en]d of day[s ] ]is destruction[ ] ] not [ ] ]their atonement[ ] ]his soul[ ]vacat[

]

Frgs. 15–16 1. 2. 3. 4.

‘For the LORD has [ upon y]ou [the spirit of dee]p sleep, and has closed [your eyes, the prophets; and] your [h]eads, the se[ers,] has he covered.’ (29:10) ‘And [all] vi[sion] has become to you [as the words of a book] [that is sea]led, which [men deliver] to one that can read, sa[ying, Read this, now;] [and he says, I cannot, for] it is sealed’ (29:11) [ ]

Frg. 17 1. 2.

[ ]‘sees us? and who[ knows us?’ (29:15) ‘You turn things upside down! Shall the potter be esteemed as the clay; that the ]thing[ made should say’] [ (29:16)]

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬

‫‪38‬‬ ‫‪Frgs. 18–19‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[‬ ‫] [‪]°°°°°°‬‬ ‫בקד]וש ישראל יגילו כיא אפס עריץ וכלה לץ ונכרתו[‬ ‫]ואב[יוני אדם ֵ‬ ‫]כול[ שוקדי און ֵמ]חטיאי אדם בדבר ולמוכיח בשער יקשון ויטו בתוהו[‬ ‫]צדיק[ לכן כוה א]מר יהוה אל בית יעקוב אשר פדה את אברהם לוא[‬ ‫]עתה יבו[ ֵש יעקוב ]ולוא עתה פניו יחורו כיא בראתו ילדיו מעשה[‬ ‫[‬ ‫יקדיש]ו ש[מי וה]קדישו‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]ידי בקרבו[‬

‫‪Frg. 20‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫פשרו[ ֵע ֵל ֵמ ֵל]א[כיו ִו]‬ ‫אש]ר‬ ‫המ ִה ֵ‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬‬ ‫[הוא ִב ִי]‬ ‫‪Frg. 21‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫[ ‪]°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫הל]ב[נון ‪]°‬‬ ‫יחשב ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫ושבו ֵה]‬ ‫[ל לכרמל ִ‬ ‫]‬ ‫ואשר]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫בח ֵר ֵב‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ ֵצ‪°‬ם ‪]°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫ורה]‬ ‫[ ‪ֵ [ ]°°‬מ ִ‬ ‫]ותפר ביום ההואה וידעו [כן ענִ ֵי ֵי הצואן ֵה]שמרים[‬ ‫[‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫]אותי כיא דבר יהוה[ הואה‬ ‫עצ]ה ולוא[‬ ‫]הוי בנים סוררים נאם[ יהוה לעשות ֵ‬ ‫]מני ולנסך מסכה ו[לוא רוחי למען ֵס]פות חטאת[‬ ‫]על חטאת ההלכים לר[דת מצרים ]ופי לוא שאלו לעוז[‬ ‫מצ]רים והיה לכם מעוז[‬ ‫]במעוז פרעוה ולחס[ות בצל ִ‬ ‫]פרעוה לבשת והחסו[ ֵת בצל מצרי]ם לכלמה כיא היו בצען[‬ ‫]שריו ומלאכיו[ חנס יגיעו ִכ]ול הבאיש על עם לוא יועילו[‬ ‫[‬ ‫ֵא ]להועיל‬ ‫]למו לוא לעזר[ וֵלו ֵ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫[פשר הדבר]‬ ‫דרש]‬ ‫[ם אשר ֵ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫‪Frg. 22‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

4Q163

39

Frgs. 18–19 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

[‘and the po]or among men[ shall rejoice ]in the Ho[ly One of Israel.’ (29:19) ‘For the terrible one is brought to naught, and the scoffer ceases, and they are cut off,] [all] that watch for iniquity;’ (29:20) [‘that make a man an ]of[fender in his cause, and lay a snare for him that reproves in the gate, and turn aside] [the just with a thing of naught.’ (29:21) ]‘Therefore thus sa[ys the LORD, who redeemed Abraham, concerning the house of Jacob:] Jacob [shall not now be ash]amed, [neither shall his face now wax pale.’ (29:22) ‘But when he sees his children, the work] [of my hands, in the midst of him, they] shall sanctify my [n]ame; yea, [they shall] s[anctify’ (29:23)]

Frg. 20 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [

its meaning] is concerning his an[g]els and[ ]they tha[t ] ]he [ ]

]

Frg. 21 2. 3. 4. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

[ [ [

] ‘will be considered. Le[ba]non[ ] ] to the grove,’ (29:17) and they will return [ ] by the sword, just as [ ]

[ ] the Teacher[ ] [‘And it was broken in that day; and] the poor of the flock that [gave heed] [to me knew] that it was [the word] of the LORD.’ (Zech 11:11) vacat [‘Woe to the rebellious children, says] the LORD, that take couns[el, but not] [of me; and that make a league, but] not of my spirit, that they may a[dd sin] [to sin,’ (30:1) ‘that set out to go do]wn into Egypt, [and have not asked at my mouth; to strengthen themselves] [in the strength of Pharaoh, and to take refug]e in the shadow of Eg[ypt!’ (30:2) ‘Therefore shall the strength] [of Pharaoh be your sham]e, and the refuge in the shadow of Egyp[t your confusion.’ (30:3) ‘For their princes are at Zoan,] [and their ambassadors] are come to Hanes.’ (30:4) ‘They shall a[ll] be ashamed [because of a people that cannot profit] [them, that are not a help] nor [profit’ (30:5)]

Frg. 22 1. 2.

]

[ [

] The interpretation of the passage [ ] who sought [ ]

]

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪40‬‬

‫[בני צדוק]‬ ‫אש[ר אמר להם ת‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬אם ההואה]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬בל]‬ ‫‪Frg. 23‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬

‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫[‪°‬‬ ‫[ ִב ִע ִץ‬ ‫[‪°°‬‬ ‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪14a‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬

‫[ה כול ‪]°‬‬

‫[ ֵם ֵה ‪]°‬‬

‫[‬

‫] [ ֵם והמה ‪]°‬‬ ‫יש[ ֵר ֵאל‬ ‫]‬ ‫]כי[א כ]ו[ ִה אמר ]יה[וה קדוש ]י[שראל בשובה ו ֵנ]חת תושעון[‬ ‫ות]אמרו[‬ ‫]בהש[ ִקט ובטח תהיה גבורתכמה ולוא אביתמה ִ‬ ‫ֵא כיא ִעל סוס ננוס על כן תנוסון ועל קל נרכב על ֵכ ֵן‬ ‫ֵלו ֵ‬ ‫י ִִקלוִ רודפיכמה אלף אחד ]מפ[ני גערת אחד מפני גערת‬ ‫נותרתמה כתרן על רואש הר‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫חמשה תנוסון ֵע ֵד אם‬ ‫ול ִכן יחכה ֵאדוני לח ֵנ]נכ[ ֵמ ֵה ולכן ירום‬ ‫ֵס על גבעה ִ‬ ‫ו ֵֵכנ ֵ‬ ‫לרחמכמה כיא אלוהי משפט יהוה אשרי כול חוכי לו‬ ‫וִת‬ ‫החלק ִ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫פשר הדבר לאחרית הימים על עדת ִד]ורשי[‬ ‫[‬ ‫אשר בירושלים ]‪°[°°‬ה ה‪]°°[ ]°‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫יה]‬ ‫בתורה ולוא ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫לדרש ]‬ ‫לב כיא ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫גדוד]ים חבר כהנים‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫כיחכה איש‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬

‫התורה מאסו‬

‫ֵא עם ֵב ִציִוִ ֵן ]ישב בירושלם בכו לוא תבכה חנון יחנכה לקול[‬ ‫]כ[י ֵ‬ ‫זועקכה כשמ]עתו ענך ונתן לכמה אדוני לחם צר ומים לחץ[‬ ‫ולוא יכניף ִע]וד מוריכה והיו עיניכה ראות את מוריכה[‬ ‫ואוזניכה תש]מענה דבר מאחריכה לאמור זה הדרך לכו בו[‬ ‫[‬ ‫כיא תימ]ינו וכיא תשמאילו‬ ‫[‬ ‫על עון ִע]‬

4Q163 3. 4. 5.

[ [ [

] the Sons of Zadok [ ] whi]ch he said to them [ ] that [ ]

41

]

Frg. 23 Col. i 17.

[

]amongst the trees of

Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 14a. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

[ ] and they [ ] all [ ] [ Is]rael vacat [‘For] so says the [Lo]rd, the Holy One of [I]srael, By repentance and rep[ose you will be saved;] [in qui]et and trust is your power. But you did not agree, and yo[u said,] No, let us flee on horseback. So you shall flee indeed! You said, Let us ride something swift. So your pursuers will also be swift. If a thousand flee [a]t the threat of one, at the threat of five you all will flee, until you are left like a pole on a mountain top, a flag on a hill. But the Lord is waiting to show you m[erc]y, truly He will rise up to have mercy on you, for the Lord is a God of justice. How happy are all who wait for him’ (30:15-18) The interpretation of the passage: at the Last Days, concerning the congregation of the S[eekers-after-]Smooth-Things who are in Jerusalem [ ] by the Law and not [ ] a heart for to seek [ ] ‘as troop[s of robbers] wait for a man, [so the company of priests’ (Hos 6:9)] they despised the Torah

[‘F]or the people [shall dwell] in Zion [at Jerusalem; you will weep no more; he will surely be gracious to you at the sound] of your cry; when he he[ars, he will answer you.’ (30:19) ‘And though the Lord give you meagre bread and scant water,] yet [your teacher] shall not be hidden any[more, but your eyes shall see your teacher;’ (30:20)] ‘and your ears shall he[ar a word behind thee, saying, This is the way, walk in it;] when you turn to the righ[t hand, and when you turn to the left.’ (30:21)] because of iniquity [ ]

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬

‫‪42‬‬ ‫‪Col. iii‬‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫ע]‬ ‫ל]‬ ‫י‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 24‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[בהר ֵי]הוה‬ ‫[אשר אמר]‬ ‫‪Frg. 25‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[ ֵמ ֵל ֵך ֵב ֵב ֵל ‪]°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫וב ֵכ ֵנ ֵו]רות‬ ‫[בתופים ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫ֵרם כלי מלחמה ֵה ֵמ ֵה]‬ ‫]נפץ ו[ז ֵ‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬

‫]הוי היורדים[ מצרים על סוסים ]ישענו ויבטחו על רכב[‬ ‫עצמ]ו מאד ולוא שעו על[‬ ‫ועל פרשים כיא ֵ‬ ‫]כ[יא רב ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫]ק[ ֵדוֵש ישראל ואת יה]וה לוא דרשו‬ ‫[‬ ‫יב]טחו‬ ‫העם אשר ִ‬ ‫]פשרו[ ֵע ֵל ֵ‬ ‫‪Frg. 26‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]לוא[ יקר]א עוד לנבל נדיב ולכילי לוא יאמר שוע כיא[‬ ‫נבלות] ידבר ולבו יעשה און לעשות חנף ולדבר אל[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]נבל[‬ ‫[‬ ‫יהוה תו[ ֵע ִה]‬

‫‪Frg. 28‬‬

‫‪Frg. 27‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫הא]‬ ‫[העתים ֵ‬ ‫[ך העם וא]‬ ‫סנכה]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °°‬ח ֵ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ ֵמצרים]‬ ‫פש[רו אשר י]‬ ‫[‪] ° °‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 30‬‬

‫‪Frg. 29‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪°‬ו ִב ֵכ ִה]‬ ‫[ ֵלה היא]‬ ‫פשרוִ ]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ ִמה‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‪ֵ °‬א ֵת]‬ ‫בכא ֵל]‬ ‫[ ֵה ִ‬ ‫ֵה ֵן הרשע]‬ ‫הכ[ו ֵ‬ ‫[הואה]‬ ‫[ ֵב‪ °‬מ]ל[ ֵכי]‬

4Q163

43

Frg. 24 1. 2.

[ [

]‘in the mountain of the L[ORD’ (30:29) ]which he said[ ]

]

Frg. 25 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

[ [ [

] the king of Babylon [ ] ] with timbrels and ly[res ] ‘cloudburst and] tempest’ (30:30) are weapons of war [ ] vacat [‘Woe to them that go down] to Egypt, [they rely] on horses, [and trust in chariots] [be]cause they are many, and in horsemen because [they] are [very] strong, [but they look not to] the [H]oly One of Israel, [neither do they seek the ]L[ORD.’ (31:1)] [Its interpretation] concerns the people who tr[ust ]

Frg. 26 1. 2. 3.

[‘The fool shall ]be[ no more ]call[ed noble, nor the churl said to be bountiful.’ (32:5) ‘For] [the fool will speak] folly, [and his heart will work iniquity, to act profanely, and to utter] [er]ror [against the LORD’ (32:6)]

Frg. 28 1. 2.

[ [

Frg. 27 ]Egypt[ ] ]its [inter]pretation [

Frg. 30 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ [ [ [

]

1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

]the[ ]times [ ] ] the people and [ ] ] your wealth[ ]

Frg. 29 ] baca tree [ ] the] evil [pri]est[ ] ]he is[ ] ] k[i]ngs[ ]

1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

] he cried[ ] ] she[ ] ] its interpretation[

]

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 31‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫ֵחיה]‬ ‫[ יֵ‬ ‫[אדם]‬ ‫[יֵם עש‪]°‬‬ ‫מוריש]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ו‬ ‫א[ ֵרץ ]‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫[ת]‬ ‫[ ֵרם]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[ב ה ִזוִא]ת‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Frg. 32‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ ֵמחמד]‬ ‫דת ֵה ֵא]‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬‬ ‫[ ֵא]‬

‫‪Frg. 33‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪Frg. 34‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪°‬ם]‬ ‫[ ל ‪]°‬‬ ‫ופ]‬ ‫[ ִ‬

‫‪Frg. 35‬‬

‫‪Frg. 36‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[ם ]‬ ‫[ ֵתעו]‬ ‫[מים]‬ ‫הבאה ‪]°‬‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ אליה]‬ ‫‪Frg. 38‬‬

‫‪Frg. 37‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪ °‬ר ]‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬מ‪]°‬‬ ‫[לו‪]°‬‬ ‫[ש‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ִאם ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬ד ‪] °‬‬

‫‪Frg. 40‬‬

‫‪Frg. 39‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫מח ִם]‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬‬ ‫שת]‬ ‫של ִ‬ ‫[ ֵ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[אשור]‬ ‫[ ֵר להז ִֵע‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 42‬‬

‫‪Frg. 41‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ֵת ה]‬ ‫[‪°‬ול]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪ °‬ה‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬דה ]‬ ‫‪Frg. 44‬‬

‫‪Frg. 43‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ ִסה]‬ ‫[בב‪]°‬‬

‫‪44‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪]°°°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬א א]‬ ‫תש]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °°‬‬ ‫[בכל]‬

4Q163 Frg. 32 1. 2.

[ [

45

Frg. 31 ]delight[ ] the [

] ]

1. 2.

[ [

]he will live[ ]man[ ]

4. 5.

[ [

] dispossess[ l]and[ ]

Frg. 34 3.

[

]and [

]

Frg. 35

Frg. 36

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ [ [ [

[ [

]Assyria[ ] ] to cry out[

Frg. 44

4.

[

] thi[s

]

Frg. 39

Frg. 40 1. 2.

[

]they wandered[ ] ]water[ ] ]that comes [ ] ] to her[ ]

]with all[

]

]

1. 2.

[ [

]their [ ] ]three[ ]

]

]

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 45‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪ °‬מ]‬ ‫[נִ ח‪]°‬‬ ‫[ש‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 46‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[ ֵחר מ]‬ ‫[מרה]‬ ‫ההמ]‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫[בא ‪]°‬‬ ‫שבת]‬ ‫[ ִ‬

‫‪Frg. 47‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫בר]‬ ‫[ ִש ִ‬ ‫כא[שר כתוִ ]ב‬

‫‪Frg. 48‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪]°°°‬‬ ‫[ ִע ֵת]‬

‫‪Frg. 49‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪]°°°°‬‬ ‫[ימים ֵב]‬

‫‪Frg. 50‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪]°°°‬‬ ‫[ ֵא לאומי]ם‬

‫‪Frg. 51‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ ֵס ֵנ‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 52‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪ִ °‬צ ֵח ]‬ ‫[‪°°‬קי]‬

‫‪Frg. 54‬‬

‫‪Frg. 53‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫[ ִכהו]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[ ֵכ ִנ ֵס‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[הור ההר ‪ °°‬אוכל]‬

‫‪46‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[של]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[רעב נחרו]‬

‫‪Frg. 56‬‬

‫‪Frg. 55‬‬

‫‪Frg. 57‬‬

‫‪4Q165 (4QpIsae [pesher Isaiah (1)]) ed. J. M. Allegro, DJD V‬‬ ‫‪Frgs. 1–2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫אשר חזה על יהודה[‬

‫[ ִש ֵי ]‬ ‫[ד ואשר כתוב]‬ ‫[ גלה את תורת הצ]דק ואשר כתוב מי מדד‬

‫הנ]ב[וֵאו ִֵת ]‬ ‫וירושלם]‬ ‫פשר הדבר]‬ ‫בשעלו מים[‬ ‫שקל ]בפלס הרים וגבעות‬ ‫ושמים ב]זרת תכן וכול בשלש עפר[ ִה ִא ִר ִץ ִ‬ ‫במאזנים[‬

‫‪Frg. 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫כפגר ]מובס[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]יורדי אל אבני[ בור‬

4Q165

47

Frg. 46 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ [ [ [

]bitter[ ] ]these[ ] ]he came [ ] ]sabbath[ ]

Frg. 48 2.

[

Frg. 47 ]time[

1. 2.

]

[

] nation[s

2.

]

Frg. 56 1.

[

]wound[ ] a]s it is writt[en

]

Frg. 49

Frg. 50 2.

[ [

[

]days in[

]

]enter [

]

Frg. 55 ]hunger they quarrelled[

]

1.

[

Frg. 57 1.

[

]Mount Hor[

]he who eats[

4Q165 (4QpIsae [pesher Isaiah (1)]) trans. J. M. Allegro with M. Wise, M. Abegg, E. Cook, and N. Gordon Frgs. 1–2 1. 2. 3. 4.

The pro[ph]ecies [ ‘which he saw concerning Judah] and Jerusalem’ [ ] And as for what is written, [ ] The interpretation of the passage [ ] revealed the ri[ghteous] teaching. [And as for what is written, ‘Who has measured the water in the hollow of his hand] and [meted out] heaven with [the span and comprehend the dust] of the earth [in a measure,] weighed [the mountains in scales and the hills in a balance?’] (40:12)

Frg. 3 1.

[ ‘that go down to the stones ]of the pit; as a dead body [trodden under foot.’ (40:19)]

]

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬

‫‪48‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 4‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫]י[ ֵריעו ו]נפשו ירעה לו לבי למואב יזעק בריחה עד צער עגלת שלשיה כי‬ ‫מעלה הלוחית[‬ ‫]ב[בכי יעלה ֵב]ו כי דרך חורנים זעקת שבר יעערו כי מי נמרים משמות יהיו‬ ‫כי יבש חציר[‬ ‫]כלה דשא[ י ִֵר ֵק ל ֵו]א היה[‬ ‫‪Frg. 5‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5a‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫[‪ °‬א ֵר]‬ ‫[ה פשר הדבר ֵע]ל‬ ‫מל]ילה שומר מה מליל אמר שומר אתה בקר וגם‬ ‫]קר[א משעיר שומר מה ֵ‬ ‫לילה אם תבעיון בעיו שבו אתיו משא[‬ ‫]בערב[ ביער בערב תלינו ֵא]רחות דדנים לקראת צמא התיו מים יושבי ארץ‬ ‫תימא בלחמו[‬ ‫] כי מפ[ני חרבות נדד מפנ ִי]‬

‫]קדמו נדד[ חרב נטושה מפ]ני קשת דרוכה[‬ ‫והלחם]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫מדבר[ העמים‬ ‫]‬ ‫והשודד[ שודד ע]לי עילם[‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Frg. 6‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫ישראל ֵא]‬ ‫ב[ ִחירי ִ‬ ‫לא יקרא עוד לנבל נדיב ולכילי[‬ ‫[ ֵעולם ואשר ֵכ]תוב‬ ‫[לא יאמר שוע ִכ ִי ֵנ]בל נבלה ידבר ולבו יעשה און לעשות חנף ולדבר[‬ ‫ולהמ]ית[ ֵנ]פש רעב ומשקה צמא יחסיר וכלי כליו[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫א[ל ‪ vacat‬תועה‬ ‫רעים[ ִהואה זמות יעץ ]לחבל ענוים באמרי שקר ובדבר אביון[‬ ‫מ[שפט פשרו על] [–‪]°‬‬ ‫ר‬ ‫[ ש ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬את ִה ִתוִ ִר ֵה]‬

‫‪Frg. 7‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ידב]‬ ‫[ ֵת ִ‬ ‫[ענוי]‬ ‫[ ֵבילו]‬

‫‪Frg. 8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫מל[ך בבל אשר י]‬ ‫וא[שר ֵכ]תוב‬

‫‪Frg. 9‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫תחלת]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‪°‬ותי‬ ‫[אשר מלך ב‪]°‬‬ ‫היח]ד‬ ‫[אנשי ֵ‬ ‫[‪ °‬יא‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬כ]‬

‫‪Frg. 10‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫נוי‪]°‬‬ ‫תב]‬ ‫שמ]‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

4Q165

49

Frg. 4 1. 2.

3.

‘they [c]ry aloud; [his soul trembles within him.’ (15:4) ‘My heart cries out for Moab; her fugitives flee to Zoar, to Eglath-shelishiyah: for by the ascent of Luhith] [with] weeping he goes u[p; for in the way of Horonaim they raise up a cry of destruction.’ (15:5) ‘For the waters of Nimrim shall be desolate; for the grass is withered away,] [the tender grass fails, there is] n[o] green thing.’ (15:6)

Frg. 5 2. 3.

4.

5a. 5. 6. 7.

] The interpretation of the matter con[cerns ] [‘One cal]ls [ ] out of Seir, Watchman, what of the ni[ght? Watchman, what of the night?’ (21:11) ‘The watchman said, The morning comes, and also the night. If you would inquire, inquire, come back again.’ (21:12) ‘The burden] [upon Arabia.] In the forest in Arabia shall you lodge, O c[aravans of Dedanites.’ (21:13) ‘Unto him that was thirsty they brought water; the inhabitants of the land of Tema did meet the fugitives with their bread.’ (21:14)] [‘For be]fore swords he fled before’ (21:27) [

]

[‘greet the fugitive’ (21:24)] ‘drawn sword fr[om bent bow’ (21:15) [the desert] of the nations and the bread[ ] [‘and the ravager] ravaging. Ad[vance Elam!’ (21:2) ]

]

Frg. 6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

[ the ch]osen ones of Israel [ ] [ for]ever. And as it is wr[itten ‘The villain shall be no more called noble,] nor [the knave] said to be bountiful.’ (32:5) ‘For the vi[llain will speak vile things, and his heart will work iniquity, to practice profanity, and to utter] error against vacat to ki[ll] the l[ife of the hungry, and to cause the drink of the thirsty to fail.’ (32:6) ‘And the instruments of the knave] [are evil,] he devises wicked devices [to destroy the meek with lying words, even when the needy speaks] [r]ight.’ (32:7) Its meaning is concerning– [ ] [ ] the law [ ]

Frg. 8 1. 2.

[ [

Frg. 7 kin]g of Babylon who will [ a]s it is wr[itten ]

] 2.

[

]the meek of[

]

Frg. 9 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

] [ ] the beginning of [ ] ] who ruled in [ ] ] the men of the Commun[ity

]

B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM

50

4Q515 (4QpapUnclassified frags. [pesher Isaiah (1)]) ed. M. Baillet, DJD VII Frg. 2

Frg. 1

]‫חקק ֵי‬ ֵ [ ]‫[ל‬

2

]°° ‫ ֵם‬°°‫וֵל‬

1

]‫ֵם‬ ֵ ‫ ֵעו‬°°[

1

1

Frg. 3 Col. ii

]‫ ֵך ִא ֵת‬°°[ ]° ‫ֵעצה‬ ֵ ‫[ו‬

2

‫[ ֵקו ֵֵדשו‬

1

]‫[ ֵב ֵרגִ ֵליכם‬

1

]‫[ ֵעת הצ‬

1

1

Col. i

Frg. 5

Frg. 4 bottom margin?

Frg. 7

Frg. 6 ]°[

1

]° ‫ ֵר ֵכ ֵי‬°[

2

Frg. 9

Frg. 8

]°‫ֵל‬ ֵ ‫ ו‬°[ ]‫[ ה ֵו‬

3

]°‫אמ‬ ֵ [

1

]‫[הר ֵי‬ ]‫[ ֵל‬

2

]°‫[ש‬

1

]‫[רא‬

1

]‫ ֵת ֵב‬°°° ‫[ ֵש‬

1

]‫לש‬ ֵ ‫ֵש‬ ֵ‫[ ו‬

1

2

Frg. 11

Frg. 10

]°‫[ענ ֵנ‬

]°‫ ֵי‬°[ ]‫[ה ו‬ ]‫ ֵכ‬°[

1

1

Frg. 13

1 2

top margin?

Frg. 12

] ‫אם‬

1

Frg. 15

1

Frg. 14

]° ‫[ ב‬

1

]°°‫ ֵה‬°‫[ ֵש‬

1

]° ‫ ִק ִבצ ֵו‬°°°°[

1

]° ִ‫ו‬

1

]°°‫ֵל ֵו‬ ֵ ‫ ו‬°[

1

Frg. 17

Frg. 16

Frg. 19

Frg. 18

Frg. 21

Frg. 20

Frg. 23

Frg. 22

]‫ ִאו ִֵב ֵד‬°°‫ ֵב‬°[ ] °°[

1 2

4Q515

51

4Q515 (4QpapUnclassified frags. [pesher Isaiah (1)]) trans. N. Gordon Frg. 2 1.

Frg. 1

] ‘decrees’ (Isa 10:1?)[ 2.

Frg. 3 Col. ii 1.

and [

] and counsel[

Col. i 1.

]his holy

Frg. 4 1.

]on your feet[

Frg. 13 1.

if [

Frg. 19 1.

] gather [

Frg. 20 1.

] and three[

Frg. 22 1.

] lost[

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬

‫‪52‬‬

‫‪4Q161 (4QpIsaa [pesher Isaiah (2)]) ed. J. M. Allegro, DJD V‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫שאר ישוב שאר יעקוב[ אל ֵא]ל גבור[‬ ‫שאר י[ ִשראל היאה]‬ ‫[ ֵאיִלי אנשי חילו ופ‪]°‬‬ ‫מו[ ֵעד ֵי הכוהנים כיא היא]ה‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frgs. 2–4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫[‪°‬י בני]‬ ‫]‬ ‫א[ ֵשר אמר אם ה ֵי]ה עמכה ישראל כחול הים[‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫]שאר ישוב בו כליון חר[וץ ושוטף צד]קה‬ ‫[‬ ‫[גֵה ורבים יוב]דו‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫ב[ארץ באמת ‪]°‬‬ ‫[מט]ה‬ ‫] [‪]° °‬‬ ‫לכן ֵכ]ה אמ[ר אד]וני יהוה צבאות אל תירא עמי[‬ ‫] [‬ ‫יש[ב ציו ֵן] מאשור ב[ ֵשבט ]יככה ומטהו ישא עליך בדרך מצרים[‬ ‫]‬ ‫ויע]ורר עליו[‬ ‫]כיא[ עוד מע]ט מזער וכלה זעם ואפי על תבלית[ ֵם ֵ‬ ‫ומט]הו על הים[‬ ‫]יהוה צבאות שוט כמכת מדין בצור עו[רב ִ‬ ‫]ונשאו בדרך מצרים והיה ביום ההואה[ יֵסור סב]לו מעל שכמך[‬

‫‪Frgs. 5–6‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‪]°° °‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ ֵבשובם ממדבר הע]מים‬ ‫]‬ ‫מעלה]ם [‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[נשיא העדה ואחר יס]ו[ר‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ ֵבא אל עיתה עבר ]במגרון[ למכמ]ש[‬ ‫]‬ ‫גבע מלון למו חר]דה הרמה גבעת[‬ ‫]יפקיד כליו עברו [ ִמעברה ֵ‬ ‫]שאול נסה צהלי[ ֵקולכי בת גלים הקשיב]י לישה עניה ענתות[‬ ‫ֵבים ֵהעיזו עוד ]היום בנב לעמד[‬ ‫]נדדה [ ִמדמנה ישבי הג ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫]ינפף [יֵדו הר בת ציון גבעת ירושלים]‬ ‫[‬ ‫[פתגם לאחרית הימים לבוא ‪]°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫חר[ ִדה בעלותו מבקעת עכו ללחם ב ִי‪]°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫ואין כמוה ֵו ובכול ערי ה‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִדה ִ‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ועד גבול ירושלים]‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

4Q161

53

4Q161 (4QpIsaa [pesher Isaiah (2)]) trans. J. M. Allegro with N. Gordon Frg. 1 1. 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [ [

‘A remnant will return, the remnant of Jacob,] to the [mighty] Go[d’ (20:21)] ‘remnant of I]srael:’ it is [ ] ] the leaders of his warrior band, and [ ] assembly] places of the priests, for it [ ]

Frgs. 2–4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

[ ] of the children of [ ] [ ] as he said, ‘If [thy people Israel be like the sand of the sea,] [only a remnant of them will return. Destruction is dec]reed, and overflowing with righteous[ness’ (10:22)] [ ] and many will per[ish ] [ ] ro[d in the] land in truth [ ] [ ] ‘Therefore th[us say]s the Lo[rd, Yahweh of hosts, Be not afraid, my people] [who dwe]ll in Zion, [of the Assyrians when with the] rod [they smite you and lift up their staff against you as did the Egyptians.] [For] in a very little [while my indignation will come to an end and my anger will be directed to] their [destruction.] And [Yahweh of hosts] will wi[eld against them] [a scourge as when he smote Midian at the rock of O]reb; and [his] rod [will be over the sea,] [and he will lift it as he did in Egypt. And in that day his] burden will depart [from thy shoulder’ (10:24-27)]

Frgs. 5–6 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

[ ] when they return from the Desert of the Peo[ples ] [ ] Prince of the Congregation, and afterwards [ ] will depart from [them ] [ ] vacat [ ] ‘he has come to Aiath; he has passed [through Migron,] at Michma[sh] [he stores his baggage; they have crossed over] the pass, at Geba is their lodging; [Ramah] tre[mbles, Gibeah of] [Saul has fled. Cry] aloud, O daughter of Gallim! Hearken, [O Laishah! Answer her, O Anathoth!] Madmenah [is in flight,] the inhabitants of Gebim flee for safety. This very [day he will halt at Nob,] [ he will shake] his fist at the mount of the daughter of Zion, the hill of Jerusalem.’[ (10:28-32)] [ ] a decree at the end of days to come [ ] [tre]mbles when he goes up from the Vale of Accho to war against [ ] [ ] and there is none like him, and among all the cities of the [ ] [ ] and unto the boundary of Jerusalem[ ]

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬

‫‪54‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 7‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫נש[ברי ל]ב‬ ‫[ ִשפל ‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frgs. 8–10‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬

‫ורמי הקו[ ֵמה ]גדועי[ ֵם‬ ‫]‬ ‫]והגבהים ישפלו וינקפו[ ֵסבכי ]היער[ בברזל ולבנון באדיר‬ ‫ֵת יִשראל וענוי‬ ‫ֵכ ֵת]ו[ ִבי ֵ‬ ‫אש]ר[ י ֵ‬ ‫פשרו על הכ[ ֵתיאים ֵ‬ ‫]יפול‬ ‫[ ִכול הגואים וגבורים יחתו ונמס ל]בם[‬ ‫]‬ ‫כת]יאים[‬ ‫רמי[ הקומה גדועים המה גבורי ִ‬ ‫]‬ ‫ואשר אמ[ר וניקפו סובכי ]ה[יֵער בברזל ה]מה[‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‪°‬ם למלחמת כתיאי ִֵם ולבנון בא]דיר[‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫פשרו על ה[כתיאים אשר ינת]נו[ ביד גדולו]‬ ‫]יפול‬ ‫מלפ ֵנ ֵי ל‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‪°‬יֵם בברחו‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ ֵמ] [‬ ‫[‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫]‬ ‫משר]שיו יפרה ונח[ה עלו ֵר]וח[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]ויצא חטר מגזע[ יֵשי ונצר‬ ‫]יהוה רוח חכמ[ה ובינה רוח עצ]ה וגבורה[ רוח דע]ת[‬ ‫יהוה ]ולוא[ למראה ֵע]יניו[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]ויראת יהוה והריחו ביראת[‬ ‫ושפ ֵט ]בצדק דלים והוכיח[‬ ‫]ישפוט ולוא למשמע אוזניו יוכי[ ִח ִ‬ ‫]במישור לענוי ארץ והכה ארץ בשבט פיו וברוח שפתיו ימית[‬ ‫ֵא]מונה אזור חלציו[‬ ‫]רשע והיה צדק אזור מ[ ִתניו ו ֵ‬ ‫באח]רית הימים[‬ ‫]פשרו על צמח[ דויד העומד ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫או[יבו ואל יסומכנו ִב] ה[ ֵתורה]‬ ‫רוק ֵמ ֵו]ת[‬ ‫כ[סא כבוד נזר ק]ודש[ ובגדי ִ‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ ֵן בידו ובכול ה ֵג]ואי[ם ימשול ומגוג‬ ‫]‬ ‫כו[ ֵל העמים תשפוט חרבו ואשר אמר לוא‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ולוא למשמע אוזניו יוכיח פשרו אשר‬ ‫]‬ ‫[וכאשר יורוהו כן ישפוט ועל פיהם‬ ‫]‬ ‫[עמו יצא אחד מכוהני השם ובידו בגד ֵי] [‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

4Q161

55

Frg. 7 1. 2.

[ [

bro]kenhear[ted ] low [ ]

]

Frgs. 8–10 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.

[ ‘the great in hei]ght [will be hewn dow]n,’ [and the lofty will be brought low.] The thickets of [the forest will be cut down] with an axe, and Lebanon by a majestic one [will fall.’ (10:33-34) Its interpretation concerns the Ki]ttim who will beat down the House of Israel and the poor ones of [ ] [ ] all the Gentiles and warriors will be dismayed, and [their he]arts will melt [ ] [ ‘the great] in height will be hewn down:’ they are the warriors of the Kitt[im] [ and as it say]s, ‘the thickets of [the] forest will be cut down with an axe,’ th[ey are] [ ] to the war of the Kittim; ‘and Lebanon by a ma[jestic one] [will fall:’ its interpretation concerns the] Kittim who will be given into the hand of his great one [ ] [ ] when he flees from before [ ] vacat [‘And there shall come forth a shoot from the stump of] Jesse, and a branch [shall grow out of his] roots. And the spi[rit of Yahweh shall re]st upon him, [ ] [the spirit of wisd]om and understanding, the spirit of coun[sel and might,] the spirit of knowled[ge] [and the fear of Yahweh, and his delight shall be in the fear of] Yahweh. [And he shall not judge] by the sight of [his] ey[es,] [or dec]ide [by what his ears shall hear;] but he will judge [the poor with righteousness, and decide] [with equity for the meek of the earth. And he shall smite the earth with the rod of his mouth, and with the breath of his lips he shall slay] [the wicked. Righteousness shall be the girdle of] his waist, and fai[thfulness the girdle of his loins.’] [Its interpretation concerns the Shoot of] David who will arise at the e[nd of days ] [ ] his [ene]mies, and God will sustain him with [ the] Law [ ] [ th]rone of glory, a ho[ly] crown, and garments of variegat[ed stuff ] [ ] in his hand, and over all the G[entile]s he will rule, and Magog [ ] [ al]l the peoples shall his sword judge. And as it says, ‘Not [ ] [ ] or decide by what his ears shall hear:’ its interpretation is that [ ] [ ] and according to what they teach him so shall he judge, and according to their command [ ] [ ] with him, one of the priests of repute shall go out with garments of [ ] in his hand [ ]

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬

‫‪56‬‬

‫‪4Q162 4QpIsab [pesher Isaiah (2)]) ed. J. M. Allegro, DJD V‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫]הסר משוכתו ויהי לבער פר[ץ גדרו ויהי למרמס אשר‬ ‫]אמר‬ ‫[‪ °‬פשר הדבר אשר עזבם‬ ‫[ ִד ואשר אמר יעלה שמיר‬ ‫]‬ ‫[עת ואשר וִ ִא ִש ִר‬ ‫]ושית‬ ‫‐ ‐‐‬ ‫]אמר‬ ‫[‪°‬נת דרך‬ ‫[ ִעיניהם‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪Col. ii‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫פשר הדבר לאחרית הימים לחובת הארץ מפני החרב והרעב והיה‬ ‫בעת פקדת הארץ הוי משכימי בבקר שכר ירדפו מאחרי בנשף יין‬ ‫ידלקם והיה כנור ונבל ותוף וחליל יין משתיהם ואת פעל יהוה‬ ‫לא הביטו ומעשי ידו לא ראו לכן גלה עמי מבלי דעת וכבדו מתי רעב‬ ‫והמנו צחי צמא לכן הרחיבה שאול נפשה ופערה פיה לבלי חוק‬ ‫וירד הדרה והמנה ושאנה עליז בא אלה הם אנשי הלצון‬ ‫אשר בירושלים הם אשר מאסו את תורת יהוה ואת אמרת קדוש‬ ‫ישראל נאצו על כן חרה אף יהוה בעמו ויט ידו עליו ויכהו וירגזו‬ ‫ֵה ֵה ֵרי ִִם ותהי נבלתם כסחה בקרב החוצות בכל זאת לא שב‬ ‫]אפו ועוד ידו נטויה[ היא עדת אנשי הלצון אשר בירושלים‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Col. iii‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ואין מ]ציל‬ ‫כנהמ]ת ים‬ ‫בער]יפיה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫הוא]‬ ‫האלה]‬

‫וינהם עליו ביום ההוא[‬ ‫ונבט לארץ והנה חשך צר ואור חשך[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q162

57

4Q162 (4QpIsab [pesher Isaiah (2)]) trans. J. M. Allegro with N. Gordon Col. i 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

[‘I will remove its hedge that it may be for burning; I will break] down its wall that it may be for trampling;’ (5:5) as [it says ] The interpretation of the phrase is that he forsook them [ ] and as it says, ‘there shall come up briers [and thorns ’ (5:6)] and as {as} [it says ] the way of [ ] their eyes

Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

9. 10.

The interpretation of the phrase concerns the end of days, at the doom of the earth before the sword and famine; and it shall be in the time of the earth’s visitation. ‘Woe to those who rise up early in the morning, that they may follow strong drink; that tarry late into the night till wine inflames them! And there shall be harp and lute and tabret and pipe (and) wine of their feasts; but the deed of Yahweh they have not regarded, neither have they considered the works of his hand. Therefore my people have gone into captivity for lack of knowledge; and the honourable men are famished, and their multitude are parched with thirst. Therefore Sheol has enlarged her gullet and opened her mouth without measure; and her glory and multitude have descended, and her tumult and he who exalts in her.’ (5:11-14) These are the Men of Scoffing who are in Jerusalem. Those are they who ‘have rejected the law of Yahweh, and the word of the Holy One of Israel they have despised. Therefore is the anger of Yahweh kindled against his people and he has stretched forth his hand against them, and has smitten them, and the hills trembled, and their carcases were as refuse in the midst of the streets. For all this his anger is turned not away [and his hand is stretched out still.’ (5:24-25)] That is the congregation of the Men of Scoffing who are in Jerusalem.

Col. iii 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

‘and there shall be none to d[eliver.’ (5:29) ‘And they shall roar against them in that day] like the roa[ring of the sea: and if one look to the land, behold, darkness and distress; and the light is darkened] in the clou[ds thereof.’ (5:30) ] that is[ ] these[ ]

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫‪58‬‬

‫הבא ֵי]ם‬ ‫אמר]‬ ‫ראו ִר]או ואל תדעו ?[‬ ‫תבי‪]°‬‬

‫‪4Q164 4QpIsad [pesher Isaiah (2)]) ed. J. M. Allegro, DJD V‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫פשרו[‬ ‫] [ך כול ישראל כפיך בעוך ויֵסדתיך בספי]רים‬ ‫[‬ ‫]אש[ר יסדו את עצת היחד ]ה[כוהנים והע]ם‬ ‫עדת בחירו כאבן הספיר בתוך האבנים]‬ ‫ושמתי כדכד[‬ ‫[‬ ‫כול שמשותיך פשרו על שנים עשר]‬ ‫[‬ ‫מאירים כמשפט האורים והתומים]‬ ‫[‬ ‫הנעדרות מהמה כשמש בכול אורו וכ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫לא]חרית הימים‬ ‫פשרו על ראשי שבטי ישראל ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫ֵורלו מעמדי]‬ ‫ג ִ‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪ °‬וִ כולם הלוא]‬ ‫עמוֵד כיא אל כול ]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬‬ ‫[ ל]‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫[לם]‬ ‫עת]‬ ‫[ ֵ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪Frg. 2‬‬

‫‪Frg. 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪4Q166 (4QpHosa) ed. J. M. Allegro, DJD V‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫]‬

‫[יֵצור‬ ‫[וירצו‬ ‫[וילוזו‬ ‫[ ‪vacat‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬בסירים ונתיבותיה‬ ‫[ובעורון ובתמהון‬ ‫[ ֵר וקץ מועלם לוא‬ ‫[הם דור הפקודה‬

4Q166 6. 7. 8.

they that com[e ] he said[ ] ‘see in[deed, but do not grasp.’ (6:9?)

59

]

4Q164 (4QpIsad [pesher Isaiah (2)]) trans. J. M. Allegro with N. Gordon Frg. 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

[ ] all Israel sought thee according to thy word. ‘And I shall lay your foundations in lapis [lazuli.’ (54:11) Its interpretation is] [th]at they have founded the Council of the Community, [the] priests and the peo[ple ] a congregation of his elect, like a stone of lapis lazuli among the stones [ ‘And I will make as agate] all thy pinnacles.’ (54:12) Its interpretation concerns the twelve [ ] giving light in accordance with the Urim and Thummim [ ] that are lacking from them, like the sun in all its light. And [‘ ]’ Its interpretation concerns the heads of the tribes of Israel at the [end of days ] his lot, the offices of [ ]

Frg. 2 1. 2.

[ [

] and all of them, is it not [ ] stand, for to all [ ]

]

4Q166 (4QpHosa) trans. J. M. Allegro with M. Wise, M. Abegg, E. Cook, and N. Gordon Col. i 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

[ [ [ [ [ [ [

] he will vex ] and they were pleased ] and they turned aside vacat ] with thorns, and her paths ] and in blindness and bewilderment ] and the period of their treachery ] the generation of visitation [ ]

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬

‫[מן ִמ] [‪°‬ר] [רית‬ ‫סף בקצי חרון כיא‬ ‫[ ֵא ִ‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ ‪vacat‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ ‪vacat‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫]ואמרה אלכה ואשובה אל אישי הרא[יֵשון כיא‬ ‫[בשוב שבי‬ ‫]טוב לי אז מעתה פשרו‬ ‫[ ִט ֵו] [‪°‬פר‪]°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬

‫‪60‬‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫]והיא לוא ידעה כיא[ אנוכי נתתי לה הדגן ]והתירוש[‬ ‫[ ֵהרביתי וזהב ‪ ///‬עש ֵו] לבעל פשרו[‬ ‫]והיצהר וכסף‬ ‫[‬ ‫אש ֵר ‪ ]°°‬וי[שבעו וישכחו את אל המ‪]°‬‬ ‫אליהם ]בפי[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫מצוותיו השליכו אחרי גום אשר שלח‬ ‫עבדיו הנביאים ולמתעיהם שמעו ויכבדום‬ ‫וכאלים יפחדו מהם בעורונם ‪vacat‬‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬

‫לכן אשוב ולקחתי דגני בעתו ותירושי ]במועדו[‬ ‫את] ערותה[‬ ‫והצלתי צמרי ופישתי מלכסות ִ‬ ‫מאה]ביה ואיש[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ועתה אגלה את נבלותה לעיני‬ ‫לוא יצילנה מידי ‪vacat‬‬ ‫פשרו אשר הכם ברעב ובערום להיות לקל ֵו]ן[‬ ‫וחרפה לעיני הגואים אשר נשענו עליהם והמה‬ ‫ֵל משושה‬ ‫לוא יושיעום מצרותיהם והשבתי כו ֵ‬ ‫אשר‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ֵח]גה חד[שה ושבתה וכול מועדיה פשרו‬ ‫[ ִעדות יוליכו במועדי הגואים ו‪[ ]°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫[נהפכה להם לאבל והשמותי ]גפנה[‬ ‫]‬ ‫]ותאנתה[ אשר אמרה אתנם הם לי ]אשר נתנו[‬ ‫]לי מאהב[י ושמתים ליער ואכלתם ִח]ית השדה[‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪4Q167 (4QpHosb) ed. J. M. Allegro, DJD V‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ִעמק]‬ ‫[נגד]‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫[‬ ‫ולוא יגהה מכ[ ֵם מזור ֵפ]שרו‬ ‫כש ֵח ֵל ]לא[ ֵפ]רי[ ֵם ]וככפיר לבית[‬ ‫[‪ °‬כפיר החרון כי ֵאנוכי ִ‬ ‫]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

4Q167 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

61

[ [

] from [ ] ] gather in the times of wrath for vacat vacat [‘So she said, I’m going back to my fi]rst[ husband], because [I was better off then than now.’ This refers to ]in the turning of the captivity of

Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

[‘She was not aware that] it was I who had given her the grain, [the wine,] [the oil, and the silver ] I multiplied, and the gold they made [into Baal.’ (2:10) Its interpretation is] that [ ] and they were satisfied and they forgot God who [ ] his commandments they cast behind them, which he had sent to them [by the mouth of] his servants the prophets, yet they listened to those that misled them, and honoured them, and in their blindness feared them like gods. vacat vacat ‘So I will again take away my grain in its time, my wine [in its season.] I will withdraw my wool and my flax from covering [her nakedness.] Now I am uncovering her infamy in front of her lo[vers. No one can] rescue her from my power.’ (2:11-12) vacat [ ] Its interpretation is that he smote them with hunger and nakedness to be a sha[me] and ignominy in the sight of the Gentiles upon whom they relied, but they will not save them from their torments. ‘I will put an end to all of her joy: [her] fe[asts, new] moons, Sabbaths, and all her sacred days.’ (2:13) Its interpretation is that [ ] they will bring into the Gentile festivals. And [ ] [ ] has been turned for them into mourning. [‘and her fig-trees] concerning which she said they are my hire [which] my [lover]s [have given me] I will make them a forest and the bea[st of the field] shall eat them.’ (2:14).

4Q167 (4QpHosb) trans. J. M. Allegro with M. Wise, M. Abegg, E. Cook, and N. Gordon

Frg. 2 1. 2.

[‘He cannot heal yo]ur sore.’ (5:13) [This ]ref[ers to ] [ ] the Lion of Wrath. ‘For I am like a panther [to E]ph[rai]m, [a lion to the house of]

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪62‬‬

‫]יהודה פשרו ע[ ִל ִכוהן האחרון אשר ישלח ידו להכות ִבאפרים‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫[ ִדו‬ ‫]‬ ‫]אלך אשובה אל מקומי ע[ ֵד אשר ]י[אשמו ובקשו פני בצר‬ ‫]להם ישחרנני פשרו אשר יסתי[ר אל את פניו ֵמ‪[ ]°[ ]°‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫שמעו]‬ ‫[ ִהו ולוא ִ‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Frg. 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[ ִב ִה ִע]‬ ‫שח]ר‬ ‫[ ִלילה ֵל ֵ‬ ‫[מסך בטרפ ֵו]‬ ‫[לגרנִ ו]ת‬ ‫‪Frg. 4‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[ ֵביום‬ ‫[ ֵם לנו‬ ‫[ ‪vacat‬‬ ‫[ ֵשר‬ ‫‪Frgs. 5–6‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ ִאנשי]‬ ‫[על]‬ ‫מוריהם]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‪°‬‬ ‫א[ ֵעשה לכה] אפרים[ מה ]אעשה לכה יהודה‬ ‫‪Frgs. 7–9‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]והמה כאדם ע[ברו ברית פשר]ו‬ ‫[ ֵעזִ בו את אל ו]י[לכו בחוקות]‬ ‫]‬

‫בכול]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[לים ]א[וֵתם‬

‫[ את יש]‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 10‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ואשר זמה ]עשו בבית ישראל ראיתי שעריריה שם זנות לאפרים נטמא[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫פש]רו‬ ‫ישראל ‪ֵ vacat‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫]ר[שעי הגואי]ם‬ ‫‪Frgs. 11–13‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[חת לס‪]°‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫[בן ‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫]ישראל והוא[ חרש עשה]ו ולוא אלוהים הוא‬ ‫[‬ ‫]פ[שר]ו א[שר היו בעמי ִֵם]‬ ‫[‬ ‫כי שי]בבי[ ֵם היה ֵע]גל שמרון‬ ‫סופות ]יקצרו קמה אין לו צמח בלי יעשה קמח[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫] [ ֵאל ]כי[ ֵרוח יזרעו‬

4Q167 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

63

[Judah’ (5:14) Its interpretation con]cerns the Last Priest who will send forth his hand to smite Ephraim [ ] [ ] vacat [‘I will go back to my place un]til they admit guilt and seek my presence. When it goes badly [for them, they seek Me.’ (5:15) Its interpretation is that] God [will hid]e his face from [ ] [ ] and they did not listen [ ]

Frg. 3 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [

] night to seek [out ] ] a covering with his prey [ ] ] to the threshing floor[s ]

Frg. 4 1. 2. 3.

[ ]‘on the[ ]day’ (6:2?) [ ]‘ for us’ (6:3?) [ ]vacat

Frgs. 5–6 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

]men of[ ]. ] their teachers[ ]upon[ ] ‘shall I] do to you[ Ephraim?] What [shall I do to you Judah?’

] (6:4).

Frgs. 7–9 1. 2.

[‘They, like Adam, b]roke the covenant’ (6:7). [This] means that[ ] [ ] they forsook God and followed the customs of [ ] them in all [

]

Frg. 10 1. 2. 3.

and concerning, [‘they have committed] lewdness. [In the house of Israel I have seen a horrible thing: there whoredom is found in Ephraim, Israel is defiled.] Israel [has become defiled.’ (6:9-10)] vacat [ Its] interpreta[tion ] [wi]cked ones of the Gentiles [ ]

Frgs. 11–13 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

[ ]son [ ] [‘Israel, the craftsman made [it, but it is not God’ (8:6)] [Its in]terpretation is [th]at they were among the peoples [ ] yea, the c[alf of Samaria] was [broken in] p[iece]s (8:6) [ ]god. [‘For] wind they sow, storms [they shall reap, standing stalks devoid of ears, not yielding flour;]

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫‪64‬‬

‫יבלעוה]ו נבלע ישראל עתה היו בגואים ככלי אין[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]אולי יעש[ה זרים‬ ‫]חפץ בו [ ‪vacat‬‬ ‫הס]ופות‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫פשר]ו‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫הב]‬ ‫‪Frg. 14‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪]°°°‬‬ ‫נ[חשב]ו‬ ‫‪Frg. 15‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ישו[בו וישכ]ח ישראל את עשהו ויבן היכלות ויהודה‬ ‫ֵהרבה ער ֵי]ם‬ ‫‪Frg. 17‬‬

‫‪Frg. 16‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫פ[שרו אשר]‬ ‫[יתפושו איש]‬ ‫[ ִאל ל]וא[ ֵרצה]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫מצרים]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫פשר[ו על‬ ‫[‪[ ]°°°‬ל]‬

‫‪Frg. 18‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ואמ ֵר]‬ ‫[תו ֵ‬ ‫ישוב]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵאשר‬ ‫[ל]‬

‫‪Frg. 19‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫[ ֵפשר ה‪]°‬‬ ‫[וח את ֵי]‬ ‫[‪°‬נים י‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬אשר]‬ ‫[סר ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬דה ה‪]°‬‬ ‫[יִוִ ִס‪]°‬‬ ‫[ל ‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 20‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ֵם במקדש י‪]°‬‬ ‫יבע]‬ ‫[בנם ֵ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫אל]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[מצוות]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪Frg. 21‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[הנה‬ ‫[וכול‬

‫‪Frg. 22‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬ו‬ ‫[לם‬ ‫‪Frg. 24‬‬

‫‪Frg. 23‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫והת‪]°‬‬ ‫[ים ִ‬

4Q167 7. 8. 9. 10.

65

[should they yiel]d, strangers will swallow i[t] up. [Israel had been swallowed up. Now they have become among the nations as a vessel in which there is no] [desire’ (8:7-8) ] vacat [Its] interpretation[ ] the st[orms ] the [ ]

Frg. 14 2.

‘[they were ]count[ed]’ (8:12?)

Frg. 15 1. 2.

‘they [will retu]rn. [Israel] has forgott[en its maker and built palaces, and Judah] has multiplied citie[s ]’ (8:13-14)

Frg. 17 1.

Frg. 16

Its [interpretation] concerns Egypt [

Frg. 19 1.

4.

[

[

[ [

1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

] Its [in]terpretation is that [ ] each man shall take hold [ ] God has n[o] delight [ ]

Frg. 18 ]interpretation [

] that[

]

1. 2.

[ [

] and said[ ] ]that will return[

]

]

Frg. 21 1. 2.

]

Frg. 20 ]behold ]and all

1.

[

] in the temple of [

Frg. 22 Col. i 1.

Frg. 24 1.

[

to[

]

Frg. 23 ] and the [

]

1.

[

]commandments[

]

]

] ]

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 25‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫י[הודה]‬ ‫[ל יום]‬

‫‪Frg. 26‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[כול מכ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵל]‬

‫‪Frg. 27‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ם‬ ‫[ה‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫[ת‬ ‫[‪°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪Frg. 28‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫[לוא ֵמ‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 29‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪Frg. 30‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪°°°°‬ם]‬ ‫[‪]°°°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 31‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[יֵם‬ ‫[ ִה‬

‫‪Frg. 32‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[את]‬ ‫[ ‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[ ֵם ורא‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪Frg. 33‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[להיו]ת‬ ‫לפ ֵנ]י‬ ‫[ ֵ‬

‫‪66‬‬

‫‪Frg. 34‬‬

‫‪Frg. 36‬‬

‫‪Frg. 35‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫[יֵש]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[ ִמעש]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫א‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[א‪]°‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫ה ִוה ]אדני יהי[ה בכם‬ ‫י[ ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫]לעד אדני מהיכל קדשו כי הנ[ ֵה י]הוה יצא מ[מקומו‬ ‫תח]תיו והעמקים ית[ ֵב ִק ֵע]ו[‬ ‫האר]ץ ונמסו ההרי[ ֵם ִ‬ ‫]וירד על במ[וֵתי ֵ‬

‫‪Frg. 37‬‬

‫‪Frg. 38‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫‪vacat‬‬

‫ִע]‬ ‫יה]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫מ‪]°‬‬ ‫ג‪]°‬‬ ‫המי‪]°‬‬ ‫טרף]‬ ‫מש‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵא‪]°‬‬

‫‪1Q14 (1QpMic) ed. J. T. Milik, DJD I‬‬ ‫‪Frgs. 1–5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

1Q14 Frg. 26 4.

[

67

Frg. 25 ]all [

]

]no [

]

1. 2.

[ [

J]udah[ ] ] day[ ]

Frg. 28 1.

[

Frg. 33 1. 2.

[ [

]to b[e ] ]befor[e ]

Frg. 35 1.

[

]action[

]

Frg. 38

8.

prey[

]

1Q14 (1QpMic) trans. M. Wise, M. Abegg, and E. Cook with N. Gordon Frgs. 1–5 1. [ ‘Y]HWH [Lord b]e[ a witness ]against you 2. [the Lord from his holy temple.’ (Mic 1:2) ‘For l]o, Y[HWH is coming out of ]his place, 3. [and will come down and tread upon the high ]places of the ear[th.’ (1:3) ‘Then the mountain]s[ will melt ]und[er him and the valleys will ]burst ope[n]

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪68‬‬

‫מפ ֵנ]י הא[ ֵש ֵכ]מים מגרים במורד בפשע יעק[ ֵב כול‬ ‫]כדו[נֵג ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫ובחט]אות בית ישראל‬ ‫]זא[ ֵת ִ‬ ‫‪Frg. 6‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫ב[אחרית ]הימים‬ ‫[‪°°‬ה כבוד ֵו]‬ ‫אש[ ֵר עברו]‬ ‫‪Frg. 7‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[ם ]‬ ‫[הלוא ‪]°‬‬ ‫הפתא]ים‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫שר בו]‬ ‫א[ ִ‬ ‫[‪ °‬ו ‪] °‬‬ ‫‪Frgs. 8–10‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫[בפשע‬ ‫]‬ ‫]יעקב כול זאת ובחטאות בית ישראל מה פשע יע[ ֵק ֵב ִהלא‬ ‫]שומרון ומה במות יהודה הלא יר[וִש]לם ושמתי שומרון[‬ ‫מטיף ֵהכזב‬ ‫]לעי השדה למטעי כרם ‪[ vacat‬פשרו על ֵ‬ ‫]אשר הואה יתעה את ה[ ֵפ ֵתאים ‪ vacat‬ומה במוִת יהודה‬ ‫הצדק אשר הואה‬ ‫]הלא ירושלם פשרו ע[ ֵל מו ֵֵרי ִ‬ ‫בחירי‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫המתנדבים לוסף על‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]יורה התורה לעצת[ו ולכ]ו[ל‬ ‫ינצל]ו[ מיום‬ ‫אשר ֵ‬ ‫]אל עושי התורה[ בעצת ִהיחד ִ‬ ‫[ ִה‬ ‫לע] [‪]° °‬‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫]משפט‬ ‫ואשר אמר ושמתי שומרון ל[ ֵע ִי ]ה[שדה‬ ‫]‬ ‫]למטעי כרם והגרתי לגי אבניה ויסדיה אגלה וכו[ל ]פסי[ל]יה[‬

‫‪Frg. 11‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫כוהני ירו[ ֵש]ל[ם אשר יתע]ו‬ ‫]‬ ‫[אויביו שלל וע]רום‬ ‫]‬ ‫עד] ירושלם‬ ‫]כי באה עד יהודה נגע ע[ ֵד שער עמי ֵ‬

1Q14

69

4. [like w]ax nea[r the fi]re, like [waters poured down a steep place.’ (1:4) ‘For the transgression of Jaco]b is all of 5. [thi]s and for the si[ns of the house of Israel ’ (1:5)]

Frg. 6 2. [ 3. [ 4. [

at the ]end of [ days ] ] His glory[ ] whic]h they transgressed[

]

Frg. 7 2. [ 3. [ 4. [

]Is it not [ ] ]the simple[-hearted wh]ich is in it[ ]

]

Frgs. 8–10 1. [ ] ‘for the sin 2. [of Jacob is all of this and for the transgressions of the House of Israel. What is Ja]cob[’s sin?] Is it not 3. [Samaria! And what what are Judah’s altars? Jer]usa[lem!’ (1:5) ‘Therefore I will make Samaria] 4. [a heap in the open country, a place for planting vineyards.’ (1:6) vacat] This refers to the Spreader of Lies, 5. [who will mislead] the simple-hearted. vacat ‘And what are Judah’s altars? 6. [Jerusalem!’ (1:5) This refers t]o the Teacher of Righteousness who himself 7. [shall teach the Law to his par]ty and to all those who are willing to be added to the chosen of 8. [God those that keep the Law] in the party of the Yahad who will be saved on the Day of 9. [Judgement ] [ ] 10. [ and concerning that which he said: ‘Therefore I will make Samaria a ]heap[ in the ]open country, 11. [a place for planting vineyards. I will pour down her stones into the valley, and uncover her foundations.’ (1:6) ‘Al]l[ her ima]g[es.’ (1:7)]

Frg. 11 1. [ the priests of Jeru]s[al]em which went astray[ ] 2. [ ]his enemies, ‘barefoot and na[ked’ (1:8) ] 3. [‘for it has come to Judah, it has reached] the gate of my people, to [Jerusalem’ (1:9)]

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬

‫‪70‬‬

‫י[דין ִאוֵיב ֵי]ו‬ ‫ל[בגוד ִלו ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪]°°°‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪Frg. 12‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪] ° °‬‬ ‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫[‪ °°‬כבודו משעיר]‬ ‫אל ֵמ‪]°‬‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫כי[ ִא יצא‬ ‫[‪]° °‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 13‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫ק[ ִרנים]‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ִמח ‪]°‬‬ ‫א[שר ]‬

‫‪Frg. 14‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ואדון]‬ ‫[יו ‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 15‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪Frg. 16‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬ח ]‬ ‫‪Frgs. 17–19‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫שיח]‬ ‫ות ִ‬ ‫[ ִה ִ‬ ‫את]ה תדרך זית[‬ ‫אתה תזרע ולא[ ֵתקצור ֵ‬ ‫]ולא תסוך שמן ותירוש ול[ ִא ִתשת ֵה]י[ין וי]שתמר חוקות עמרי[‬ ‫במועצותם ל]מען תתי אתך לשמה[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]וכל מעשה בית אחאב ותל[כו‬ ‫[‬ ‫על הדור ה]א[חרוִ ]ן‬ ‫]ויושביה לשרקה פשרו[ ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ים ובות‪]°‬‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Frgs. 20–21‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪] °°‬הפת[אים ]‬ ‫[אנש]י בי[תו ]‬ ‫‪Frg. 22‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[טתי ‪°‬שו]‬ ‫[ והאור]‬ ‫צר ֵב ‪]°‬‬ ‫[יֵם ֵ‬ ‫[בל ‪]°°°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 23‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[‪ °‬וזוחל ִי ]ארץ המה[‬

1Q14 4. [ 5. [

] will judge his enem[ies t]o betray him [ ]

71

]

Frg. 12 2. [ 3. [

]his glory from Seir[ ] fo]r God has gone forth from [

Frg. 14 1. [ 2. [

]

Frg. 13 ]and the Lord of[ ] his [ ]

]

1. [

h]orns[

]

w]hich[

]

Frg. 15 2. [

Frgs. 17–19 1. [ ] and you shall meditate[ ] 2. [ ‘You shall sow, but ]you shall [not] reap; yo[u shall tread the olives,] 3. [but you shall not anoint yourself with oil; and sweet wine, but] shall [no]t drink [w]ine. For [the statutes of Omri are ]k[ept,] 4. [and all the works of the house of Ahab, and you wa]lk in their counsels; th[at I should make you a desolation,] 5. [and the inhabitants thereof a hissing’ (6:15-16) This refers] to the latter generation [ ] 6. [ ] and [ ]

Frgs. 20–21 1. [ 2. [

the simple-hea]rted [ ] ]peop[le of] his [hou]se [

]

Frg. 22 2. [

] and the light[

]

Frg. 23 1. [

]and the creeping things of [the earth are they]

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬

‫‪72‬‬

‫‪4Q168 (4QpMic?) ed. J. M. Allegro, DJD V‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫לם ]עתה למה תריעי רע המלך אין בך אם יועצך אבד כיא[‬ ‫]לבת ירוש[ ֵ‬ ‫]החז[יקכה] חיל כיולדה חולי וגחי בת ציון כיולדה כיא[‬ ‫מקר]יה ושכנת בשדה ובאת עד בבל שם תנצלי שם[‬ ‫ֵע ֵת ֵה תצאי ֵ‬ ‫לך ]י[הוה מ]כף איביך ועתה נאספו עליך גוים רבים[‬ ‫]יגא[ ֵ‬ ‫]הא[מרים ֵת]חנף ותחז בציון ענינו והמה לוא ידעו מחשבות יהוה ולוא[‬ ‫[‬ ‫]הבינו[ ֵע ֵצתו]‬

‫‪Frg. 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫[ ֵתירו‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪[ ]°‬ה]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[ ִנים‬

‫‪Frg. 3‬‬

‫‪Frg. 4‬‬

‫‪4Q169 (4QpNah) ed. J. M. Allegro, DJD V‬‬ ‫‪Frgs. 1–2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5a‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫בסופה ובשערה דרכו ו[ ֵע ִנ ִן ִא]בק רגליו פשרו[‬ ‫]‬ ‫בר]אם[‬ ‫ִה]סופת והשערו[ת ר]קי[עי שמיו וארצו אשר ֵ‬ ‫הכ]תיים[‬ ‫גוע]ר[ בים ויוב]ישהו פ[שרו הים הם כל ֵ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫לעש]ות[ ֵבהם משפט ולכלותם מעל פני ]הארץ[‬ ‫עם ]‬

‫מוש[ ִליהם אשר תתם ממשלתם‬

‫]אמלל בשן ו[כרמל ופרח לבנן אמלל ]פשרו[‬ ‫]יאב[ ֵד ֵו בו רבים רום רשעה כי הב]‬ ‫ופרח לבנון היא]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]כר[ ֵמל ולמושליו לבנון‬ ‫]אנשי עצ[תם ואבדו מלפני]‬ ‫[ בחיר]י‬ ‫ֵה ֵר]ים רעשו ממנו פשרו‬ ‫‪vac‬‬ ‫[‪°‬ל יושבי תבל‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬

4Q169

73

4Q168 (4QpMic?) trans. N. Gordon Frg. 1 1. [‘the daughter of Jerusa]lem.’ (4:8) [‘Now why do you cry out aloud? Is there no king in you, has your counsellor perished, that] 2. [pangs have ta]ken hold of you [as of a woman in travail?’ (4:9) ‘Be in pain, and labour to bring forth, O daughter of Zion, like a woman in travail; for] 3. now you must go forth from the ci[ty, and dwell in the field, and come to Babylon: there you shall be saved; there] 4. [Y]HWH [will redee]m you from [the hand of your enemies. (4:10) And now, many nations have assembled against you,] 5. [who s]ay, Let her be [defiled, and let our eyes see Zion. (4:11) But they know not the thoughts of YHWH, neither] 6. [do they understand] his counsel’ (4:12) [ ]

4Q169 (4QpNah) trans. J. M. Allegro with M. Wise, M. Abegg, E. Cook, and N. Gordon Frgs. 1–2 1. [ ‘In the tempest and the storm wind is his way and] a cloud is the d[ust of his feet.’ (1:3) Its interpretation:] 2. ‘the [tempests and the storm wind]s’ are the f[irma]ments of his heavens and his earth which he cr[eated.] (1:3) 3. ‘He rebu[kes] the sea and dr[ies it up.’] (1:4) Its [in]terpretation: ‘the sea’ is all the Ki[ttim ] 4. to exe[cute] against them judgement and to exterminate them from the face of [the earth] 5a. with their [rul]ers whose dominion will be brought to an end. 5. [‘Bashan is withered and] Carmel and the bloom of Lebanon is faded.’ (1:4) [Its interpretation ] 6. [and] many [shall per]ish by it at the height of wickedness for the [ ] 7. [‘Car]mel’ and to his rulers; ‘Lebanon’ and ‘the bloom of Lebanon’ is [ ] 8. [the men of] their [coun]sel, and they shall perish from before [ ] the chosen ones of [ ] 9. [ ] the inhabitants of the world. vacat ‘The moun[tains quake before him.’ (1:5) Its interpretation: ]

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫[הארץ ממנו ומלפ ִנ ֵי]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]יקום [ ִבחרון אפו ֵפ]שרו‬

‫‪74‬‬

‫[ל]פני זעמו מי יעמוד ומי[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frgs. 3–4‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫[מדור לרשעי גוים אשר הלך ארי לביא שם גור‬

‫]‬ ‫ארי‬ ‫]ואין מחריד פשרו על דמי[טרוס מלך יון אשר בקש לבוא ירושלים בעצת‬ ‫דורשי החלקות‬ ‫[‪°‬יד מלכי יון מאנתיכוס עד עמוד מושלי כתיים‬ ‫]‬ ‫ואחר תרמס‬ ‫[ ארי טורף בדי גוריו מחנק ללביותיו‬ ‫]‬ ‫טרף‬ ‫פשרו [על כפיר החרון אשר יכה בגדוליו‬ ‫]‬ ‫ואנשי עצתו‬ ‫וימלא טרף[ ֵחירה ומעונתו טרפה פשרו על כפיר החרון‬ ‫]‬ ‫נק[מות בדורשי החלקות אשר יתלה אנשים חיים‬ ‫]‬ ‫[בישראל מלפנים כי לתלוי חי ִעל ֵה ֵע ֵץ ]יק[רא‬ ‫]‬ ‫הנני אלי]כה‬ ‫נא]ם יהוה צבאות והבערתי בעשן רובכ[ ִה וכפיריכה תאכל חרב והכר]תי מארץ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ט[רפה‬ ‫פש[ ֵרו רובכה הם גדודי חילו ֵא]שר‬ ‫ולא י]שמע עוד קול מלאככה‬ ‫בירושלי[ ֵם וכפיריו הם‬ ‫קב]צו כוה[נֵי‬ ‫[וִ ִט ִרפו הוא ִה ֵהוֵן אשר ֵ‬ ‫גדוליו ]‬ ‫ירושלים אשר‬ ‫א[פרים ינתן ישראל ֵל]‬ ‫י[תנוהו ע ]‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫ומלאכיו הם צירו אשר לא ישמע קולם עוד בגוים הוי עיר הדמים כולה‬ ‫מלאה‬ ‫]כחש פר[ ֵק ֵ‬ ‫ושקר]ים‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫פשרו היא עיר אפרים דורשי החלקות לאחרית הימים אשר בכחש‬ ‫י[תהלכו‬ ‫פר ֵש‬ ‫לא ימוש טרף וקול שוט וקול רעש אופן וסוס דהר ומרכבה מרקדה ִ‬ ‫ִמעלה להוב‬ ‫וברק חנית ורוב חלל וכבוד פגר ואין קץ לגויה וכשלו וגויתם פשרו על‬ ‫ממשלת דורשי החלקות‬ ‫אשר לא ימוש מקרב עדתם חרב גוים שבי ובז וחרחור בינותם וגלות מפחד‬ ‫אויב ורוב‬

4Q169

75

10. [ ] the earth from him and from before [ ] ‘B[efore his indignation who can stand, and who] 11. [can endure] the heat of his anger?’ (1:6) [Its] in[terpretation: ]

Frgs. 3–4 Col. i 1. [ ] a dwelling for the wicked ones of the Gentiles. ‘Whither the lion, the lioness went, the lion’s cub 2. [and none to terrify.’ (2:12) Its interpretation concerns Deme]trius, king of Greece, who sought to enter Jerusalem by the counsel of the Seekers-after-Smooth-Things 3. [ ] the kings of Greece from Antiochus until the appearance of the rulers of the Kittim and afterwards she will be trodden down 4. [ ] ‘The lion tears sufficient for his cubs, (and) strangles for his lionesses prey.’ (2:13) 5. [ Its interpretation] concerns the Lion of Wrath who will smite by his nobles and the men of his counsel 6. [ ‘And he filled with prey] his cave and his den with torn flesh.’ (2:13) Its interpretation concerns the Lion of Wrath 7. [ ven]geance on the Seekers-after-Smooth-Things when he hangs men up alive 8. [ ] in Israel beforetime, for of the man hanged alive upon a tree it [re]ads: ‘Behold I am against [thee] 9. say[s Yahweh of hosts, and I will burn in smoke thine abundance,] and thy young lions the sword shall devour. And I will cut [off from the land] his [p]rey.’ 10. ‘And [the voice of thy messengers] shall no [more be heard.’ (2:14) ] Its [interpre]tation: ‘thine abundance’—they are his warrior bands w[ho are in Jerusal]em; and ‘his young lions’—they are 11. his nobles [ ] and ‘his prey’—it is the wealth which the [prie]sts of Jerusalem amas[sed] which 12. they will give [ E]phraim, Israel will be given for [ ]

Col. ii 1. and ‘his messengers’—they are his envoys whose voice will no longer be heard among the nations. ‘Woe city of blood, all full of [lies and rap]ine.’ (3:1) 2. Its interpretation: it is the city of Ephraim, the Seekers-after-Smooth-Things at the end of days, who in ‘lies’ and falsehood[s] conduct themselves. 3. ‘Prey departeth not and the sound of the whip and the sound of the rattling of wheels, and galloping horses and bounding chariots, the horseman charging, a blade 4. and flashing spear and a multitude of slain and a great heap of carcases: and there is no end to the corpses and they shall stumble over their bodies.’ (3:1-3) Its interpretation concerns the rule of the Seekers-after-Smooth-Things 5. when there shall not depart from the midst of their congregation the Gentile sword, captivity, and plunder, and heated strife among themselves, and exile from fear of the enemy, and a multitude of

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪76‬‬

‫בימיהם ואין קץ לכלל חלליהם ואף בגוית בשרם יכשולו‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫פגרי אשמה יפולו‬ ‫בעצת אשמתם‬ ‫מרוב זנוני זונה טובת חן בעלת כשפים הממכרת גוים בזנותה ומשפחות‬ ‫ב]כש[פיה‬ ‫פשר]ו ע[ל מתעי אפרים אשר בתלמוד שקרם ולשון כזביהם ושפת מרמה‬ ‫יתעו רבים‬ ‫מלכים שרים כוהנים ועם עם גר נלוה ערים ומשפחות יובדו בעצתם נ]כ[ ֵבדים‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ומוש]לים[‬ ‫הנני אליך נאם יהוה צ]באו[ת‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫יפולו ]מ[עם לשונם‬ ‫וגלית‬ ‫קלונך פשרו ‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫מער]ך[ וממלכות ‪///‬‬ ‫והראת גֵוים ִ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫שולי]ך[ על פניך‬ ‫[ ֵה‬ ‫‪]°°‬‬ ‫השול]י[ ֵם]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ערי המזרח כי‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Col. iii‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫ש[ ֵקוצי תועבותיהם והשלכתי עליך שקוצים ]ונ[בלתיך‬

‫הגוים בנותם]‬ ‫ושמתיך‬ ‫כאורה והיה כול רואיך ידודו ממך ‪vacat‬‬ ‫פשרו על דורשי החלקות אשר באחרית הקץ יגלו מעשיהם הרעים לכול‬ ‫ישראל‬ ‫לות כבוד יהודה‬ ‫ורבים יבינו בעוונם ושנאום וכארום על זדון אשמתם ובה]ג[ ִ‬ ‫ידודו פתאי אפרים מתוך קהלם ועזבו את מתעיהם ונלוו על ישראל ואמרו‬ ‫פש ֵר ֵו ]על[ ֵדו ִֵרשי‬ ‫שודדה נינוה מי ינוד לה מאין אבקשה מנחמים לך ‪ֵ vacat‬‬ ‫יוסיפו עוד לתעות ]ה[קהל‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫החלקות אשר תובד עצתם ונפרדה כנסתם ולא‬ ‫ופת]אים[‬ ‫לא יחזקו עוד את עצתם ‪ vacat‬התיטיבי מני ִא ֵמ]ון הישבה ב[יארים‬ ‫פשרו אמון הם מנשה והיארים הם גד]ו[לי מנשה נכבדי ה]‬ ‫[‪°‬ים את מ]‬ ‫מים סביב לה אשר חילה ים ומים ח]ו[מותיה‬ ‫עוצמה] ומצרים ואין קצה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]פ[ ֵש ֵרו הם אנשי ]ח[יֵלה גבור]י מ[לחמתה ‪ִ ///‬כוֵש‬ ‫פוט ולובים היו בעזרתך[‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬מ]‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬ה ֵמ ֵד‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪]°°[ ]°°°‬‬ ‫]‬

4Q169

77

6. guilty corpses shall fall in their days, and there shall be no end to the total of their slain, and furthermore, in their body of flesh they shall stumble over their own guilty counsel. 7. ‘Because of the multitude of the whoredoms of the well-favoured harlot, the mistress of witchcrafts, that selleth nations through her whoredom and families through her witchcrafts.’ (3:4) 8. [Its] interpretation [con]cerns those who lead Ephraim astray, who, by their false teaching and their lying tongue and lip of deceit, will lead many astray, 9. kings, princes, priests, and people together with the resident alien. Cities and families will perish through their counsel, n[ob]les and rul[ers] 10. will fall because of what they say. vacat ‘Behold I am against thee, says Yahweh of hosts, and thou shalt lift up 11. [thy] skirts over thy face and show nations thy nakedness and kingdoms thy shame.’ (3:5) Its interpretation [ ] 12. [ ] cities of the east, for the ‘skirts’ [ ]

Col. iii 1. the nations between them [ the dete]sted things of their abominations. ‘And I will cast upon thee detested things, and I will treat thee with contempt and make thee 2. repulsive and all who look on thee will flee from thee.’ vacat (3:6-7) 3. Its interpretation concerns the Seekers-after-Smooth-Things whose evil deeds will be revealed at the end of time to all Israel, 4. and many will discern their iniquity and hate them and consider them repulsive because of their guilty insolence. And when Judah’s glory is revealed, 5. the simple ones of Ephraim will flee from the midst of their assembly and forsake those who mislead them and join themselves to Israel. ‘And they shall say, 6. Nineveh is laid waste; who will mourn for her? Whence shall I seek comforters for thee?’ (3:7) vacat Its interpretation [concerns] the Seekers-after7. Smooth-Things whose counsel will perish and their gathering be broken up and they will not again mislead [the] assembly and the simple [ones] 8. will no more sustain their counsel. vacat ‘Art thou better than Am[on that dwelt by] the rivers?’ (3:8) 9. Its interpretation: ‘Amon’ is Manasseh, and ‘the rivers’ are the nobles of Manasseh, the honoured ones of the [ ] 10. ‘Waters are around her, whose rampart is the sea and waters her walls.’ (3:8) 11. Its [inter]pretation: they are her warriors, mighty men of [w]ar. ‘Ethiopia is her strength [and Egypt too, without limit.’ ] 12. [ ‘Put and the Libyans are thy helpers ’ (3:9)]

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬

‫‪78‬‬ ‫‪Col. iv‬‬

‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫רשע]י חיל[ ִה בית פלג הנלוים על מנשה גם היא בגולה ה]לכה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫פשרו הם‬ ‫בשבי גם[‬ ‫עילוליה ירוטשו בראש כל חוצות ועל נכבדיה יורו גורל וכול ג]דו[ ִל]יה‬ ‫רותקו[‬ ‫ו‬ ‫בזקים פשר על מנשה לקץ האחרון אשר תשפל מלכותו ֵ‬ ‫ביש]ראל [‬ ‫גם את תשכרי[‬ ‫בחרב]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫נשיו עילוליו וטפו ילכו בשבי גבוריו ונכבדיו‬ ‫[‬ ‫פשרו על רשעי ֵא]פרים‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫ותהי נעלמה‬ ‫גם את תבקשי[‬ ‫[ל]‬ ‫אשר תבוא כוסם אחר מנשה]‬ ‫[‬ ‫מעוז בעיר מאויב פש]רו ע[ל ]‬ ‫כול מבצריך[‬ ‫בעיר]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫אויביהם‬ ‫[‬ ‫תא ֵניֵם עם] בכורים‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 5‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪ °‬ים ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵכול גבול ישרא]ל[ ִליֵם]‬ ‫חזקי מבצ[ ֵרי ִֵך ֵבו ִֵאי בט ֵי]ט‬

‫‪1QpHab, ed. M. Abegg‬‬ ‫‪Col. I‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫]המשא אשר חזה חבקוק הנביא עד אנה יהוה [ ֵשועתי ולוא‬ ‫]תשמע אזעק אליך חמס ולוא תושיע פשרו על תו[חלת דור‬ ‫הבא[ות עליהם‬ ‫]אחרון כול‬ ‫יז[ ִעקו על‬ ‫]‬ ‫מל] ת[ ֵביט‬ ‫למה תראני און וע[ ֵ‬ ‫]חמס‬ ‫אשר הביט[ אל בעשק ומעל‬ ‫]פשרו על‬ ‫[ ‪vacat‬‬ ‫]ושוד וחמס לנגדי‬ ‫[ יג ֵז]ו[לו ה]ון וי[ ֵהי ריב‬ ‫]פשרו‬ ‫וח]שב[ ִה הואה‬ ‫יבה ִ‬ ‫פשרו מ[ ֵר ִ‬ ‫]ומדון ישא‬ ‫]‬ ‫[על כן תפוג תורה‬ ‫]פשרו על מטיף הכזב ואנשי עדתו [ ִאשר מאשו בתורת אל‬ ‫]ולוא יצא לנצח משפט כיא רשע מכתי[ ֵר את הצדיק ‪vacat‬‬

1QpHab

79

Col. iv 1. Its interpretation: they are the wicked ones of its [army], the House of Peleg who have joined themselves to Manasseh. ‘Yet she was carried away, [she went into captivity: even] 2. her young children will be dashed in pieces at the top of all the streets; and they will cast lots for her honourable men and all [her no]bles [were bound] 3. in chains.’ (3:10) Its interpretation concerns Manasseh at the end of the age when his rule over Is[rael] will fall [ ] 4. his wives, his infants, and his children will go into captivity, his warriors and his nobles by the sword [ ‘Thou also shalt be drunken] 5. and shalt be dazed.’ (3:11) vacat Its interpretation concerns the wicked ones of E[phraim ] 6. whose cup will come after Manasseh [ ‘Thou also shalt seek] 7. a stronghold in the city from the enemy.’ (3:11) Its inter[pretation con]cerns [ ] 8. their enemies in the city [ ‘All their fortresses shall be] 9. (like) fig-trees with [their first-ripe figs ’ (3:12)]

Frg. 5 1. [ ] sea [ ] 2. [ ] all the territory of Isra[el] to the sea [ ] 3. [‘ Strengthen ]your[ fort]resses, go into the cla[y]’ (3:14)

1QpHab, trans. M. Wise, M. Abegg and E. Cook with N. Gordon Col. I 1. [‘The oracle that the prophet Habakkuk saw. How long, O LORD, ]have I cried out, and [You] do not 2. [hear? I cry out to You ‘Injustice!’ and You do not liberate us.’] (1:1-2) [This refers to the en]treaty of the [latter] generation 3. [ All the events to] come upon them 4. [ they] cried out for 5. [injustice? ‘Why do You let me see such wickedness, why do You ]behold such [tur]moil?’ (1:3a) 6. [The meaning is that ] God [beheld] tyranny and treason. 7. [‘Robbery and injustice are in front of me.’ ] (1:3b) vacat 8. [The meaning is that ]they will r[o]b w[ealth ‘And the]re is strife 9. [and contention rises up.’ Its meaning is conten]tion and [he reckoned] it 10. [ ]‘Therefore Law declines,’ 11. [This refers to the false preacher and the men of his party ]who rejected God’s Law. 12. [‘and true judgement never comes forth.’ (1:4a) ‘For the wicked man he]ms in the righteous man.’ (1:4b) vacat

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬

‫‪80‬‬

‫]פשרו הרשע הוא הכוהן הרשע והצדיק[ הוא מורה הצדק‬ ‫ע[ל כן יצא המשפט‬ ‫]אשר‬ ‫ו[לוא ִת] [ ‪vacat‬‬ ‫]מעוקל פשרו‬ ‫]‬ ‫ראו בגוים והביטו[‬ ‫]והתמהו תמהו כיא פעל פועל בימיכם לוא תאמינו כיא[‬

‫‪Col. II‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫יסופר ‪] vacat‬פשר הדבר על [ ִהבוגדים עם איש‬ ‫קה מפיא‬ ‫צד ִ‬ ‫לוא] האמינו בדברי[ מורה ה ֵ‬ ‫הכזב כי ִ‬ ‫אל ועל הבוג]דים בברית[ החדשה ֵכ]י[א ]לו[א‬ ‫האמינו בברית אל ]ויחללו[ את ש]ם [ ֵקודשו‬ ‫וכן ‪ vac‬פשר הדבר] על הבו[גדים לאחרית‬ ‫עריצ]י הבר[ית אשר לוא יאמינוא‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫הימים המה‬ ‫הבא]ות ע[ ֵל] [הדור האחרון מפי‬ ‫בשומעם את כול ֵ‬ ‫הכוהן אשר נתן אל ב]לבו בינ[ה לפשור ֵא ִת כול‬ ‫דברי עבדיו הנביאים] אשר [ ֵבידם ספר אל את‬ ‫וע]דתו [ ֵכיא· הנני מקים את‬ ‫כול הבאות על עמו ֵ‬ ‫·‬ ‫הכשדאים הגוי המ]ר והנמ[ ֵהר ‪vacat‬‬ ‫פשרו על הכתיאים א]שר המ[ ִה קלים וגבורים‬ ‫ים ]והיתה הארץ[ בממשלת‬ ‫רב ִ‬ ‫במלחמה לאבד ֵ‬ ‫ירש]ו ארצות רבו[ ִת ולוא יאמינו‬ ‫הכתיאים ִ‬ ‫בחוקי ]א[ ֵל] ההולך למרחבי ארץ לרשת משכנות לוא[‬ ‫[‬ ‫ל]ו ‪ vac‬פשרו על הכתיאים אשר‬

‫‪Col. III‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫ובמישור ילכו לכות ולבוז את ערי הארץ‬ ‫כיא הוא אשר אמר לרשת משכנות לוא לו איום‬ ‫ונורא הוא ממנו משפטו ושאתו יצא ‪vacat‬‬ ‫ֵמתם על כול‬ ‫ֵאי ֵ‬ ‫פשרו על הכתיאים אשר פחדם ו ֵ‬ ‫ובנֵכל ומרמה‬ ‫הגואים ובעצה כול מחשבתם להרע ֵ‬ ‫ילכו עם כול העמים וקול מנמרים סוסו וחדו‬ ‫מז אבי ערב ‪ vacat‬פשו ופרשו פרשו מרחוק‬ ‫יעופו כנשר חש לאכול כול ֵו לחמס יבוא מגמת‬ ‫פניהם קדים ‪ֵ vacat‬פ]שר[ ֵו על הכתיאים אשר‬ ‫ידושו את הארץ בסוס]יהם[ ובבהמתם וממרחק‬ ‫לאכול] את [ ֵכול העמים כנשר‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫יבואו מאיי הים‬

1QpHab 13. [The ‘wicked man’ refers to the Wicked Priest, and ‘the righteous man’] is the Teacher of Righteousness 14. [who ‘There]fore judgement comes out 15. [perverted.’ (1:4c) This means that ] not [ ] vacat 16. [ ‘Look, O nations, and see,] 17. [and be shocked, for the Lord is doing something in your time that you would not believe it if]

Col. II 1. were it told.’ (1:5) vacat [This passage refers to] the traitors with the Man of the 2. Lie, because they did not [believe the words of] the Teacher of Righteousness from the mouth of 3. God. It also refers to the trai[tors to the] New [Covenant], be[cau]se they did[ no]t 4. believe in God’s covenant [and desecrated] his holy na[me]; 5. and finally, vacat it refers [to the trai]tors in the Last 6. Days. They are the enem[ies of the covena]nt who will not believe 7. when they hear everything that is to co[me up]on the latter generation that will be spoken by 8. the Priest in whose [heart] God has put [the abil]ity to explain all 9. the words of his servants the prophets, through [whom] God has foretold 10. everything that is to come upon his people and [his] com[munity]. ‘For I am now about to raise up 11. the Chaldeans, that br[utal and reckle]ss people.’ (1:6a) vacat 12. This refers to the Kittim, w[ho ar]e swift and mighty 13. in war, annihilating many. [The land shall be] under the rule of 14. the Kittim. They shall inherit [man]y [lands] and have no faith in 15. the laws of [G]od. [‘They range across the land to seize dwellings not their] 16. o[wn.’ vacat (1:6b) This refers to the Kittim who ]

Col. III 1. and they cross the plain, attacking and pillaging the cities of the land, 2. for that is what it means when it says, ‘to seize dwellings not their own. Dire 3. and dreadful are they; their law and their fame come from themselves alone.’ (1:7) vacat 4. This refers to the Kittim, the fear and dread of whom are on all 5. the nations. By intention their every thought is to do evil, and in deceit and trickery 6. they conduct themselves with all the peoples. ‘Swifter than panthers their horses, faster 7. than desert wolves. vacat Their horses, galloping, spread out, from afar 8. they fly like a vulture intent on food, all of them bent on violence, 9. their faces ever forward.’ (1:8-9a) vacat This re[fers] to the Kittim who 10. trample the land with [their] horses and with their beasts. From far away 11. they come, from the sea-coasts, to eat up all the peoples like an

81

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬

‫‪82‬‬

‫ואין שבעה ובחמה וכ]עס וב[ ִחרן אף וזעף‬ ‫אפים ידברו עם ֵכוֵל] העמים כי[א הוא אשר‬ ‫אמר מ ֵג]מת פניהם קדים ויאסוף כח[וֵל שבי‬ ‫]פש[ ֵר ֵו] על הכתיאים אשר‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫והוא במלכים[‬ ‫‪Col. IV‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬

‫יקלס ורזנים משחק לו ‪ vacat‬פשרו אשר‬ ‫ילעיגו על רבים ובזו על נכבדים במלכים‬ ‫ושרים יתעתעו וקלסו בעם רב והוא‬ ‫לכול מבצר ישחק ו י צבור עפר וילכדהו‬ ‫פשרו על מושלי הכתיאים אשר יבזו על‬ ‫מבצרי העמים ובלעג ישח}ו·{קו עליהם‬ ‫ובעם רב יקיפום לתפושם ·‬ ‫ובאמה ופחד‬ ‫ינתנו בידם והרסום בעוון היושבים‬ ‫בהם אז חלף רוח ויעבר וישם זה כוחו‬ ‫לאלוהו ‪ vacat‬פשר ֵו] ע[ל מוֵשלי הכתיאים‬ ‫אשר בעצת בית אשמ]תם[ יעבורו איש‬ ‫מלפני רעי הו מושלי]הם ז[ה אחר זה יבואו‬ ‫לשחית את הא]רץ וישם [זֵה כוחו לאלוהו‬ ‫אשר ישימו כו[ל העמים‬ ‫פשרו ]‬ ‫[ל‬ ‫ִל]‬ ‫]‬ ‫הלוא אתה מקדם[‬ ‫]יהוה אלוהי קדשי לוא נמות יהוה[‬ ‫‪Col. V‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫למשפט שמתו וצור למוכיחו יסדתו טהור עי נים‬ ‫מראות ברע והבט אל עמל לוא תוכל ‪vacat‬‬ ‫פשר הדבר אשר לוא יכלה אל את עם ו ביד הגוים‬ ‫וביד בחירו יתן אל את משפט כול הגוים ובתוכחתם‬ ‫יאשמו כל רשעי עמו אשר שמרו את מצוותו‬ ‫בצר למו כיא הוא אשר אמר טהור עינים מראות‬ ‫ברע ‪ vacat‬פשרו אשר לוא זנו אחר עיניהם בקץ‬ ‫הרשעה למה תביטו בוגדים ותחריש בבלע‬

1QpHab 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

83

insatiable vulture. In anger and host[ility and in ]wrath and arrogance they speak with all [the peoples, fo]r that is what it means when it says, [‘their faces ever forward.’ ‘They will gather] captives [like s]and.’ (1:9b) This [ref]ers [to the Kittim who ] [ ] [ ‘At kings]

Col. IV 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

they mock, potentates they laugh to scorn.’ (1:10a) vacat This means that they sneer at leaders and deride the nobility; they jeer at kings and princes, and ridicule a throng of people. ‘They laugh at every fortress; they just pile up dirt and capture it.’ (1:10b) This refers to the rulers of the Kittim who deride the fortresses of the peoples and with a sneer laugh at them. With a great army they surround them to capture them, and with fear and terror the fortresses fall into their power. Then they destroy them because of the crimes of those who dwell there. ‘Then a wind passes and they are gone, having made might their god.’ (1:11) vacat This refers [t]o the rulers of the Kittim, who enter the land by the advice of a family of criminals: each in his turn, [their] rulers come, [o]ne after the other, to devastate the la[nd. ‘They made] might their god,’ this means [they make a]ll the peoples [ ] [ ‘But You are eternal,] [O LORD, my holy God, we will not die. O LORD]

Col. V 1. You have marked them for judgement; O Rock, You have made them for rebuke. Eyes too pure 2. to see evil, You cannot even watch wrongdoing.’ (1:12-13a) vacat 3. This passage means that God will not exterminate his people through the Gentiles; 4. on the contrary, He will give the power to pass judgement on the Gentiles to his chosen, and it is at their rebuke that 5. all the wicked of His people shall be condemned. The chosen are those who have observed His commandments 6. in the time of their distress, for that is what it means when it says, ‘eyes too pure to see 7. evil;’ vacat that means that they have not let their eyes lead them into fornication during the time of 8. wickedness. ‘How can you look on silently, you traitors, when

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫‪84‬‬

‫רשע צדיק ממנו ‪ vacat‬פשרו על בית אבשלום‬ ‫ואנשי עצתם אשר נדמו בתוכחת מורה הצדק‬ ‫ולוא עזרוהו על איש הכזב ‪ vac‬אשר מאס את‬ ‫עד ֵתם ותעש אדם כדגי הים‬ ‫התורה בתוך כול ֵ‬ ‫כול]ו בח[ ֵכה יעלה ויגרהו בחרמו‬ ‫כרמש למשל בו ִ‬ ‫ויספהו ֵב ֵמ ֵכ]מרתו על כן יזב[ ֵח לחרמו על כן ישמח‬ ‫]ויגי[ ֵל] ויקטר למכמרתו כיא בהם [ ֵש ִמן חלקו‬ ‫]ומאכלו ברי‬ ‫פשרו על[‬

‫‪Col. VI‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫הכתיאים ויוסיפו את הונם עם כול שללם‬ ‫כדגת הים ואשר אמר על כן יזבח לחרמו‬ ‫ויקטר למכמרתו ‪ vacat‬פשרו אשר המה‬ ‫זבחים לאותותם וכלי מלחמותם המה‬ ‫מוראם כיא בהם שמן חלקו ומאכלו ברי‬ ‫פשרו אשר המה מחלקים את עולם ואת‬ ‫מסם מאכלם על כול העמים שנה בשנה‬ ‫לחריב ארצות רבות על כן יריק חרבו תמיד‬ ‫להרוג גוים ולוא יחמל ‪vacat‬‬ ‫פשרו על הכתיאים אשר יאבדו רבים בחרב‬ ‫נערים אשישים וזקנים נשים וטף ועל פרי‬ ‫בטן לוא ירחמו על משמרתי אעמודה‬ ‫ואתיצבה על מצורי ואצפה לראות מה ידבר‬ ‫ומה] אשיב ע[ל ת}ו{כחתי ויענני יהוה‬ ‫בי ֵ‬ ‫ירוץ‬ ‫]ויומר כתוב חזון וב[ ֵאר על הלוחות למען ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫פשר הדב[ ֵר ֵא]שר‬ ‫]הקורא בו‬ ‫‪Col. VII‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫וידבר אל אל חבקוק לכתוב את הבאות על‬ ‫}על{ הדור האחרון ואת גמר הקץ לוא הודעו‬ ‫‪ vacat‬ואשר אמר למען ירוץ הקורא בו‬ ‫פשרו על מורה הצדק אשר הודיעו אל את‬ ‫כול רזי דברי עבדיו הנבאים כיא עוד חזון‬ ‫למועד יפיח לקץ ולוא יכזב ‪vacat‬‬

1QpHab

85

9. the wicked destroys one more righteous than he?’ (1:13b) vacat This refers to the family of Absalom 10. and the members of their party, who kept quiet when the Teacher of Righteousness was rebuked, 11. and they did not help him against the Man of the Lie, vacat who had rejected 12. the Law in the presence of their entire company. ‘You made men as helpless as fish in the sea, 13. like something a worm could rule over. He draws them [all] out [with a ho]ok, pulls them in with his net, 14. gathers them with his dr[agnet. Therefore he sacrifices] to his net, therefore he is happy 15. [and rejoi]ces[ and burns incense to his dragnet; for by them] his lot in life [is enriched] 16. [and his food is wholesome.’ (1:14-16) This refers to]

Col. VI 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

the Kittim, and they added to their wealth by all their plunder like the fish of the sea. And when it says, ‘therefore he sacrifices to his net and burns incense to his dragnet,’ vacat this means that they sacrifice to their standards, and that their weapons are what they worship. ‘For by them his lot in life is enriched and his food is wholesome’ means that they impose their yoke and their taxes; this is ‘their food’ on all the peoples yearly, thus ruining many lands. ‘Therefore he keeps his sword always drawn to kill nations without pity.’ (1:17) vacat This refers to the Kittim who destroy many people with the sword, including boys, the weak, old men, women, and children. Even on the child in the womb they have no mercy. ‘So I will stand on watch and station myself on my watchtower and wait for what He will say to me, and [what I will reply t]o my rebuke. Then the LORD answered me [and said, Write down the vision pl]ainly on tablets, so that with ease [someone can read it.’ (2:1-2) Thi]s[ refers ]t[o ]

Col. VII 1. Then God told Habakkuk to write down what is going to happen to 2. {to} the generation to come; but when that period would be complete He did not make known to him. 3. vacat When it says, ‘so that with ease someone can read it,’ 4. this refers to the Teacher of Righteousness to whom God made known 5. all the mysterious revelations of his servants the prophets. ‘For a prophecy testifies 6. of a specific period; it speaks of that time and does not deceive.’ (2:3a) vacat

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬

‫‪86‬‬

‫פשרו אשר יארוך הקץ האחרון ויתר על כול‬ ‫אשר דברו הנביאים כיא רזי אל להפל}א{ה‬ ‫אם יתמהמה חכה לו כיא בוא יבוא ולוא‬ ‫יאחר ‪ vacat‬פשרו על אנשי האמת‬ ‫עושי התורה אשר לוא ירפו ידיהם מעבודת‬ ‫האמת בהמשך עליהם הקץ האחרון כיא‬ ‫כול קיצי אל יבואו לתכונם כאשר חקק‬ ‫להם ברזי ערמתו הנה עופלה לוא יושרה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]נפשו בו[ ‪ vacat‬פשרו אשר יכפלו עליהם‬ ‫]חטאתיהם ו[ל]וא [ירצו במשפטם ] [ ֵל] [‬ ‫וצדיק באמונתו יחיה[‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪Col. VIII‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬

‫פשרו על כול עושי התורה בבית יהודה אשר‬ ‫יצילם אל מבית המשפט בעבור עמלם ואמנתם‬ ‫במורה הצדק ואף כיא הון יבגוד גבר יהיר ולוא‬ ‫ינוה אשר הרחיב כשאול נפשו ו]ה[וא כמות לוא ישבע‬ ‫ויאספו אלו כול הגוים ויקבצו אלו כול העמים‬ ‫הלוא כולם משל עליו ישאו ומליצי חידות לו‬ ‫ויומרו הוי המרבה ולוא לו עד מתי יכביד עלו‬ ‫עבטט ‪ vacat‬פשרו על הכוהן הרשע אשר‬ ‫נקרא על שם האמת בתחלת עומדו וכאשר משל‬ ‫בישראל רם לבו ויעזוב את אל ו]י[בגוד בחוקים בעבור‬ ‫הון ויגזול ויקבוץ הון אנשי חמס אשר מרדו באל‬ ‫והון עמים לקח לוסיף עליו עון אשמה ודרכי‬ ‫ת]וע[בות פעל בכול נדת טמאה הלוא פת} ֵא{אום ויקוםו‬ ‫}ו·{נ]וש[ ֵכיך ויקיצו מזעזיעיכה והיתה למשיֵסות למו‬ ‫רבים וישלוכה כול יתר עמים‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫כי· אתה שלותה גוים‬ ‫‪ֵ vacat‬פ]שר הדבר [ ֵעל הכוהן אשר מרד‬ ‫[‬ ‫] [‪[ ]°‬ר חוקי ]אל [ללו ֵבו ל]‬

1QpHab 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

87

This means that the Last Days will be long, much longer than the prophets had said; for God’s revelations are truly mysterious. ‘If it tarries, be patient, it will surely come true and not be delayed.’ (2:3b) vacat This refers to those loyal ones, obedient to the Law, whose hands will not cease from loyal service even when the Last Days seems long to them, for all the times fixed by God will come about in due course as He ordained that they should by his inscrutable insight. ‘See how bloated, not smooth, [his soul is!’] (2:4a) vacat This means that their sins will be doubled against them [and they will ]n[ot] find favour when they come to judgement [ ] [ ‘But the righteous man is rewarded with life for his fidelity’] (2:4b)

Col. VIII 1. This refers to all those who obey the Law among the Jews whom 2. God will rescue from among those doomed to judgement, because of their suffering and their loyalty 3. to the Teacher of Righteousness. ‘And indeed, riches betray the arrogant man and he will not 4. last; he who has made his throat as wide as Hades, and [w]ho, like Death, is never satisfied. 5. All the Gentiles will flock to him, and all the peoples will gather to him. 6. Look, all of them take up a taunt against him, and invent sayings about him, 7. saying, Woe, He who grow large on what is not his, how long will he burden himself down 8. with debts?’ (2:5-6) vacat This refers to the Wicked Priest who 9. had a reputation for reliability at the beginning of his term of service; but when he became ruler 10. over Israel, he became proud and forsook God and betrayed the commandments for the sake of 11. riches. He amassed by force the riches of the lawless who had rebelled against God, 12. seizing the riches of the peoples, thus adding to the guilt of his crimes, 13. and he committed ab[hor]rent deeds in every defiling impurity. ‘Look, suddenly 14. your c[red]itors will appear, your enemies will rouse themselves and you will become booty for them. 15. Yes, you yourself have plundered many nations, now the rest of the peoples will plunder you.’ (2:7-8a) 16. vacat [This ]r[efers] to the priest who rebelled 17. [ ] the commandments of [God ] him [ ]

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬

‫‪88‬‬ ‫‪Col. IX‬‬

‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫נגועו במשפטי רשעה שערוריות מחלים‬ ‫רעים עשו בו ונקמות בגוית בשרו ואשר‬ ‫אמר כי אתה שלותה גוים רבים וישלוכה כול‬ ‫יתר עמים ‪ vacat‬פשרו על כוהני ירושלם‬ ‫האחרונים אשר יקבוצו הון ובצע משלל העמים‬ ‫ולאחרית הימים ינתן הונם עם שללם ביד‬ ‫חיל הכתיאים ‪ vacat‬כיא המה יתר העמים‬ ‫יושבי‬ ‫וכול בה ‪vac‬‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ארץ קריה‬ ‫מדמי אדם וחמס ֵ‬ ‫בעוון מורה‬ ‫פשרו על הכוהן ה]ר[שע אשר ִ‬ ‫הצדק ואנשי עצתו נתנו אל ביד] [אויביו לענו תו‬ ‫בנגע לבלה במרורי נפש בעבור ֵאשר הרשיע‬ ‫הבוֵצע בצע רע ֵל ֵביתו לשום‬ ‫על בחירו הוי ֵ‬ ‫ִב ִמרום קנו לנצל ִמ ִכף רע יעצתה בשת‬ ‫עמים רבים וחוט]א נפ[שכה כיא‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫לביתכה קצוות‬ ‫תזעק] ו[ ֵכפיס מעץ יע]ננה[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫אב]ן מ[קיר‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]פשר הדב[ ֵר על ה]כוהן[ אשר ‪ֵ [ ]°‬ץ‬

‫‪Col. X‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫להיות אבניה בעשק וכפיס עי צה בגזל ואשר‬ ‫אמר קצות עמים רבים וחוטי נפשכה ‪vacat‬‬ ‫פשרו הוא בית המשפט אשר יתן אל את‬ ‫משפטו בתוך עמים רבים ומשם יעלנו למשפט‬ ‫ובתוכם ירשיענו ובאש גופרית ישפטנו הוי‬ ‫בונה עיר בדמים ויכונן קריה בעולה הלוא‬ ‫הנה מעם יהוה צבאות יגעו עמים בדי אש‬ ‫ולאומים בדי ריק ייעפו ‪vacat‬‬ ‫פשר הדבר על מטיף הכזב אשר התעה רבים‬ ‫לבנות עיר שוו בדמים ולקים עדה בשקר‬ ‫בעבור כבודה לוגיע רבים בעבודת שוו ולהרותם‬ ‫במ]ע[שי שקר להיות עמלם לריק בעבור יבואו‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫למשפטי אש אשר גדפו ויחרפו את בחירי אל‬ ‫הארץ לדעת את כבוד יהוה כמים‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫כיא תמלא‬

1QpHab

89

Col. IX 1. inflicting upon him the punishments due to such horrible wickedness, perpetrating upon him painful 2. diseases, acts of retaliation against his mortal body. But the verse that 3. says, ‘Yes, you yourself have plundered many nations, now the rest of 4. the peoples will plunder you,’ vacat refers to the later priests of Jerusalem, 5. who will gather ill-gotten riches from the plunder of the peoples, 6. but in the Last Days their riches and plunder alike will be handed over to 7. the army of the Kittim, vacat for they are ‘the rest of the peoples.’ 8. ‘For the murder of human beings and injustice in the land and all who live in it.’ (2:8b) vacat 9. This refers to the [W]icked Priest. Because of the crime he committed against the Teacher of 10. Righteousness and the members of his party, God handed him over to his enemies, humiliating him 11. with a consuming affliction with despair, because he had done wrong 12. to his chosen. ‘Ah, you who amass plunder to the harm of your own house, placing 13. your perch in a high place to escape the clutch of disaster; you have given shameful advice 14. to your house, destroying many peoples and the sinn[er of] your [sou]l. Surely even 15. the sto[nework from the] wall will denounce you, a rafter in the ceiling will e[cho it.’](2:9-11) 16. [Thi]s[ refers] to the p[riest] who [ ]

Col. X 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

that its stones were laid by tyranny and the wooden rafters by robbery. The verse that says, ‘destroying many peoples and the sinners of your soul’ vacat refers to those doomed to judgement, when God will pronounce sentence in the presence of many peoples; from there He will bring him up for sentencing, and in their presence He will condemn him and punish him with fire and brimstone. ‘Woe to you who build a city by bloodshed, who found a town by vice! Indeed this prophecy is from the LORD of Hosts: peoples will toil just for enough fire, nations will wear themselves out for nothing.’ (2:12-13) vacat This refers to the Spreader of Lies, who deceived many, building a worthless city by bloodshed and forming a community by lies for his own glory, making many toil at useless labour, teaching them to do false d[ee]ds. Their toil will be for nothing. As a result, they will undergo fiery punishments because they blasphemed and reviled God’s chosen ones. ‘The earth will be full with knowledge of the LORD’s glory as waters

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫‪90‬‬

‫הים] [ ‪ vacat‬פשר הדבר ]אשר[‬ ‫יכסו על ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫ֵבשובם ‪[ ]°‬ל]‬ ‫‪Col. XI‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬

‫הכזב ואחר תגלה להם הדעת כמי‬ ‫היים לרב הוי משקה רעיהו מספח‬ ‫חמתו אף שכר למען הבט אל מועדיהם‬ ‫‪ vacat‬פשרו על הכוהן הרשע אשר‬ ‫רדף אחר מורה הצדק לבלעו בכעס‬ ‫חמתו אבית גלותו ובקץ מועד מנוחת‬ ‫יום הכפורים הופע אליהם לבלעם‬ ‫ולכשילם ביום צום שבת מנוחתם שבעתה‬ ‫קלון מבוד שתה גם אתה והרעל‬ ‫תסוב עליכה כוס ימין יהוה וקיקלון‬ ‫על כבודכה ‪vacat‬‬ ‫פשרו על הכוהן אשר גבר קלונו מכבודו‬ ‫כיא לוא מל את עורלת לבו וילך בדרכי‬ ‫הרויה למען ספות הצמאה וכוס חמת‬ ‫לוסיף] ע[ל]יו את ק[ל]ו[נֵו ומכאוב‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]א[ל תבלענו‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ל] [ל] [ל]‬ ‫] כיא חמס לבנון יכסכה ושוד בהמות[‬

‫‪Col. XII‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫יחתה מדמי אדם וחמס ארץ קריה וכול יושבי בה‬ ‫פשר הדבר על הכוהן הרשע לשלם לו את‬ ‫גמולו אשר גמל על אביונים כיא הלבנון הוא‬ ‫עצת היחד והבהמות המה פתאי יהודה עושה‬ ‫התורה אשר ישופטנו אל לכלה ‪vacat‬‬ ‫כאשר זמם לכלות אביונים ואשר אמר מדמי‬ ‫קריה וחמס ארץ פשרו הקריה היא ירושלם‬ ‫אשר פעל בה הכוהן הרשע מעשי תועבות ויטמא את‬ ‫מקדש אל וחמס ארץ המה ערי יהודה אשר‬ ‫גזל הון אביונים מה הועיל פסל כיא פסל יצרו‬ ‫מס]י[כה ומרי שקר כיא בטח יצר יצריו עליהו‬ ‫לעשות אלילים אלמים פשר הדבר על כול‬ ‫פסלי הגוים אשר יצרום לעובדם ולשתחות‬ ‫להמה והמה לוא יצילום ביום המשפט הוי‬

1QpHab

91

15. cover the sea.’ (2:14) [ ] vacat This means [that] 16. when they repent [ ]

Col. XI 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

Lies, and afterwards true knowledge will be revealed to them, as water of the sea for abundance. ‘Woe to the one who gets his friend drunk, pouring out his anger, making him drink, just to get a look at their holy days.’ (2:15) vacat This refers to the Wicked Priest, who pursued the Teacher of Righteousness to destroy him in the heat of his anger at his place of exile. At the time set aside for the repose of the Day of Atonement he appeared to them to destroy them and to bring them to ruin on the fast-day, the Sabbath intended for their repose. ‘You are satisfied with disgrace, not honour? So go ahead and drink until you stagger; the cup of the LORD’s right hand will come around for you, and then shame will cover your honour.’ (2:16) vacat This refers to the priest whose disgrace became greater than his honour, because he had not circumcised his heart’s foreskin, and he lived extravagantly to bring to naught those who had but little. But the cup of [G]od’s wrath will destroy him, increas[ing only h]i[s dis]h[onour] and pain [ ] [ ] [ ‘For the crimes perpetrated against Lebanon he will bury you, for the robbery of beasts,]

Col. XII 1. he will smite you; because of murder and injustice in the land, he will destroy the city and all who live in it.’ (2:17) 2. The passage refers to the Wicked Priest, that he will be paid back 3. for what he did to the poor, for ‘Lebanon’ refers to 4. the party of the Yahad, and ‘beasts’ refers to the simple-hearted of Judah who obey 5. the Law. God will condemn him to utter destruction, vacat 6. just as he planned to destroy the poor. As for the verse that says, ‘because of murder in the 7. city and injustice in the land,’ ‘the city’ refers to Jerusalem, 8. where the Wicked Priest committed his abhorrent deeds, defiling the 9. Temple of God. ‘Injustice in the land’ refers to the cities of Judah where 10. he stole the assets of the poor. ‘What good is an idol? An idol that someone makes is only 11. an im[a]ge, a source of false teaching—though indeed the manufacturer trusts his own products, 12. making for himself false gods without a voice!’ (2:18) This refers to all 13. idols of the Gentiles that they made to worship and bow down to, 14. though they will not save them on the day of judgement. ‘Woe

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬

‫‪92‬‬

‫ה]אומר ל[ ֵעץ הקיצה ]עורי לא[ ֵבן דומה‬ ‫]הוא יורה הנה הוא תפוש זהב וכסף[‬ ‫]וכול רוח אין בקרבו ויהוה בהיכל קודשו[‬ ‫‪Col. XIII‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫הס מלפניו כול הרץ פשרו על כול הגוים‬ ‫אשר עבדו את האבן ואת העץ וביום‬ ‫המשפט יכלה אל את כול עובדי העצבים‬ ‫ואת הרשעים מן הארץ ‪vacat‬‬

‫‪1Q15 (1QpZeph) ed. J. T. Milik, DJD I‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2a‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫תאכ]ל כל הארץ כי כלה אך[‬ ‫]ביום עברת יהוה ובאש קנ[ ִאתו ִ‬ ‫]נבהלה יעשה את כל יוש[ ִבי ה]א[ ִרץ התקו]ששו וקו[ש]ו[ ‪°‬‬ ‫] בטרם לדת חק‬

‫[ ֵכמוץ‬

‫עבר‬

‫]י[ום ‪°°‬‬

‫י]הוה[‬ ‫]הגוי לא נכסף בטרם לא יבוא עליכ[ם חרון אף ִ‬ ‫]בטרם לא יבוא עליכם יום א[ ִף יהוה פשר‬ ‫אף ]יהוה[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]הדבר על כול יושבי[ ארץ יהודה‬ ‫[‬ ‫[וֵהיו ל‪ֵ °‬ת‪]°°‬‬ ‫]יבוא עליהם‬

‫‪4Q170 (4QpZeph) ed. J. M. Allegro, DJD V‬‬ ‫‪Frgs. 1–2‬‬ ‫?‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫והיה ]חילם למ[שיסה ֵו]בתיהם לשממה[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ול]ו[א ירע‬ ‫]לוא ייט[יב יהוה ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫יוכל] [פשרו]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ לוא‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫]‬

‫‪1Q16 (1QpPs) ed. J. T. Milik, DJD I‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫ב[בורחו מלפני ]שאול‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫א[ ֵמ ֵתו בטר]ם‬ ‫[חסד]ו‬

‫‪Frg. 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

1Q16

93

15. to those [who say to] mere wood, Be alert, or [Wake up, to] dumb [sto]ne. 16. [Can it enlighten you? It may indeed be covered with gold and silver,] 17. [but there is no life in it. But the LORD really is in his holy temple.]

Col. XIII 1. 2. 3. 4.

Keep silence before him, all the earth.’ (2:19-20) This refers to all the Gentiles who have worshipped stone and wood. In the day of judgement God will exterminate all those who worship false gods, as well as the wicked, from the earth. vacat

1Q15 (1QpZeph) trans. N. Gordon 1. [‘on the day of YHWH’s wrath; in the fire of ]his [pass]ion [the whole earth] shall be consu[med; for a terrible end] 2. [he will make of all the inhabi]tants of the [ea]rth’ (1:18). ‘Gathe[r together, ga]th[er,’] (2:1). 2a. [‘Before a decree is born; ]like chaff which passes in a [d]ay’ [ ] (Zeph 2:2). 3. [‘oh shameless nation.’ (2:1). ‘Before the ]fierce anger of Y[HWH overtakes yo]u,’ (2:2).] 4. [‘Before the day of an]ger of YHWH [overtakes you’] (2:2). The interpretation 5. [of the matter concerns all the inhabitants of] the land of Judah. The wrath of [YHWH] 6. [shall come upon them ] and they shall become [ ]

4Q170 (4QpZeph) trans. J. M. Allegro with N. Gordon Frgs. 1–2 1. 2.

‘the Lord [shall not do goo]d n[o]r shall He do bad.’ (1:12) [‘Their wealth] shall become [pl]under and [their homes desolation’] (1:13) [ ] ‘will not be able’ (1:18?) [ ]its interpretation[ ]

1Q16 (1QpPs) trans. M. Wise, M. Abegg, and E. Cook with N. Gordon Frg. 1 1. [

when] he fled from before [Saul

Frg. 2 1. [ 2. [

] his [tr]uth befo[re his] mercy[ ]

]

]

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬

‫‪94‬‬ ‫‪Frgs. 3–7‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[ת ‪]°‬‬ ‫[שמרו]‬ ‫[‪ °°‬הכירו ִב‪] °°°°°‬‬ ‫צבאות ִיד ֵו]דון ידודון ונות בית תחלק שלל[ פשרו ב ִי]ת היא[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ ‪ִ °°‬ל‪ִ °‬מלכי‬ ‫פארת]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ ‪ °°‬ה ל] ת[‬ ‫אש ִר יִחלק ִו]‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬‬ ‫[‪]° °°°°°°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 8‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫אלוה ִי]ם‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫במקהלות ברכו‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫בתוך עלמות תופפו[ת‬ ‫בר[ ֵכת המקו]ר[ לברך את ֵע]‬ ‫‪Frgs. 9–10‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫מל]כי כתיאים[‬ ‫]מהיכלך על ירושלם לך יובילו מלכי[ם שי פשרו על כול ִ‬ ‫גערת ]חיית קנה[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ ִלפניו בירושלים ‪vac‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫]עדת אבירים בעגלי עמים מתרפס ברוצי[ ִכסף פשרו חיית ֵק]נה היא‬ ‫[‬ ‫כ[תיאים ל‪] °°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫לת]‬ ‫[‪°‬ה‪ִ °°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ם ב ]‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ל]‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪Frg. 11‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ם ב]‬ ‫את ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ל ִ‬

‫‪Frg. 12‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫[חקי]‬

‫‪Frg. 13‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[שמי ‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 14‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪°‬שר ֵו]‬ ‫[‪°°°‬ל]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[ ֵתשב]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[רי י]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪Frg. 15‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫[שר ִו]‬

‫‪Frg. 16‬‬

‫‪Frg. 18‬‬

‫‪Frg. 17‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִעד ֵא]‬

1Q16

95

Frgs. 3–7 2. [ ] they had recognized [ ] 3. [ ] ‘Kings of great armies flee, [flee away; even the housewife shares the spoil.’] (68:13) The meaning of h[ouse is ] 4. [ ] the beauty of [ ] 5. [ ] who will share [ ]

Frg. 8 1. [ ‘In the midst maidens beating tambour]ines; in assemblies bless God.’ (68:26-27) 2. [ the bene]diction of the sour[ce] to bless [ ]

Frgs. 9–10 1. [‘From Your temple overlooking Jerusalem, kings bring You] tribute.’ (68:30) This refers to all the rul[ers of the Kittim] 2. [ ] before him in Jerusalem. vacat ‘You have rebuked [the swamp beast,] 3. [that herd of bulls, the Gentile heifers; he tramples on bars of] silver.’ (68:31) The [‘sw]amp beast’ refers to ] 4. [ the] Kittim [ ]

Frg. 12 1. [

]my statutes[

]

Frg. 13 2. [

]my name [

Frg. 16 1. [

]you shall inhabit[

]

Frg. 17 2. ‘[

]until [

]

]

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬

‫‪96‬‬

‫‪4Q171 (4QpPsa) ed. J. M. Allegro, DJD V‬‬ ‫‪Frgs. 1–2‬‬ ‫‪Col. I‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[ ֵה‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[יֵר‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬ב‬ ‫[‪°‬ר‬ ‫[ ֵת‬ ‫[יֵת‬ ‫[‪°‬‬ ‫[ ֵצ ֵהרים‬ ‫[‪°‬ת רצון‬ ‫[ת הוללים בחרי‬ ‫[ ֵאוהבי פרע ומתעים‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫אל]הי[ ֵם ‪vacat‬‬ ‫[ ֵרשעה ביד ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫תחר במצליח דרכו באיש‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]דו[ ֵם ל]יהוה ו[ ֵהתחולל לו ואל‬ ‫]עוש[ ִה מזמות ]פשר[ו על איש הכזב אשר התעה רבים באמרי‬ ‫שמ]עו[ למליץ דעת למען‬ ‫שקר כיא בחרו בקלות ולוא ִ‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Col. II‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫יובדו בחרב וברעב ובדבר הרף מאף ועזוב ִח ִמה ואל‬ ‫תחר אך להרע כיא מרעים יכרתו פשרו על כול השבים‬ ‫לתורה אשר לוא ימאנו לשוב מרעתם כיא כול הממרים‬ ‫לשוב מעונם יכרתו וקואי יהוה המה ירשו ארץ פשרו‬ ‫המה עדת בחירו עושי רצונו ועוד מעט ואין רשע‬ ‫ואתבוננה על מקומו ואיננו פשרו על כול הרשעה לסוף‬ ‫ארבעים השנה אשר יתמו ולוא ימצא בארץ כול איש‬ ‫]ר[שע וענוים ירשו ארץ והתענגו על רוב שלום פשרו על‬

4Q171

97

4Q171 (4QpPsa) trans. J. M. Allegro with N. Gordon Frgs. 1–2 Col. I

12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

[ ] ‘noonday’ (37:6) [ ] favour [ ] boasting in the burning of [ ] lovers of (long) locks, and seducers [ ] wickedness by the hand of G[o]d. vacat [‘Be sti]ll before [Yahweh, and] wait patiently for him, and do not fret thyself over him who prospers in his way, over the man [who work]s evil designs.’ (37:7) Its [interpretation] concerns the Man of Lies who has led many astray with words of falsehood, for they chose worthless things and did not lis[ten] to the Mediator of Knowledge, so that

Col. II 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

they will perish by the sword and by hunger and by plague. ‘Cease from anger and forsake wrath and be not fretful, tending only to evil; for the wicked shall be cut off.’ (37:8-9) Its interpretation concerns all who turn back to the Law, who refuse not to repent from their wickedness, for all those who rebel from repenting of their iniquity will be cut off. ‘But those who wait for Yahweh will possess the earth.’ (37:9) Its interpretation: they are the congregation of His Elect who do His will. ‘And in a little while the wicked will be no more, and I shall look carefully for his place and it will be gone.’ (37:10) Its interpretation concerns all the wickedness at the end of the completion of forty years when they will be consumed and there will not be found on earth any [wi]cked man. ‘And the humble shall possess the earth and they shall delight in the abundance of peace.’ (37:11) Its interpretation concerns

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬

‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬

‫‪98‬‬

‫עדת האביונים אשר יקבלו את מועד התעות ונצלו מכול פחי‬ ‫בליעל ואחר יתענגו כול ֵב] [י הארץ והתדשנו בכול תענִ ו ֵג‬ ‫בשר ‪vacat‬‬ ‫ה ישחק לו כיא ראה‬ ‫זומם רשע לצדיק וחורק ֵע]ליו שניו יה[ ֵו ֵ‬ ‫כיא בא יומו פשרו על עריצי הברית ִא ִשר בבית י ִֵהודה אשר‬ ‫יזומו לכלות את עושי התורה אשר בעצת היחד ואל לוא יעזבם‬ ‫בידם חרב פתחו רשעים וידרוכו קשתם לפיל עני ואביון‬ ‫ולטבוח ישרי דרך חרבם תבוא בלבם וקשתותיהם תשברנה‬ ‫פשרו על רשעי אפרים ומנשה אשר יבקשו לשלוח יד‬ ‫יפדם‬ ‫בכוהן ובאנשי עצתו בעת המצרף הבאה עליהם ואל ֵ‬ ‫מידם ואחר]י[ כן ינתנו ביד עריצי גואים למשפט‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬

‫טוב מעט לצדיק מהמון רשעים רב ִי]ם‬ ‫פשרו על[‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬ה‬ ‫עוִשה התורה אשר לוא ִי]‬ ‫לרעות כיא אזרוע]ות רשעים תשברנה וסומך צדיקים[‬ ‫יה]וה יודע יהוה ימי תמימים ונחלתם לעולם תהיה פשרו על‬ ‫אנשי[‬ ‫רצונ]ו‬ ‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫ל]וא י[ ִבושו ב]עת רעה‬ ‫פשרו על[‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frgs. 1, 3–4‬‬ ‫‪Col. III‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5a‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫שבי המדבר אשר יחיו אלף דור בישרֵה ולהם כול נחלת‬ ‫יש]בע[ ֵו כיא רשעים‬ ‫אדם ולזרעם עד עולם ובימי רעב ֵ‬ ‫יובדו פשרו ֵא]שר[ יחים ברעב במועד ֵה]תע[וִת ורבים‬ ‫להיות ֵע]ם[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫יובדו ברעב ובדבר כול אשר לוא יצא]ו [‬ ‫ואוהבי יהוה כיקר כורים פשר]ו‬ ‫[‬ ‫עדת בחירו אשר יהיו רשים ושרים ‪]°‬‬ ‫צון בתוך עדריהם ‪vacat‬‬

4Q171 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.

99

the congregation of the Poor Ones who will accept the season of error and will be delivered from all the snares of Belial, and afterwards all the [ ] of the earth will delight and will luxuriate in all the delights of the flesh. vacat ‘The wicked plots against the righteous and gnashes [his teeth at him. Yah]weh laughs at him for he sees that his day is coming.’ (37:12-13) Its interpretation concerns the ruthless ones of the covenant in the House of Judah who will plot to obliterate those in the Council of the Community who carry out the Law. But God will not leave them in their power. ‘The wicked have drawn the sword and bent their bow to cast down the poor and needy and to slay the upright of way. Their sword shall penetrate their own heart and their bows shall be broken.’ (37:14-15) Its interpretation concerns the wicked ones of Ephraim and Manasseh who will seek to put forth a hand against the Priest and the men of his counsel in the time of trial that is coming upon them. But God will redeem them from their hand and afterwards they will be given into the hand of the ruthless Gentiles for judgement. vacat ‘Better is the little that the righteous has than the abundance of ma[ny] wicked.’ (37:16) [ Its interpretation concerns] those who carry out the Law, who will not [ ] for evil things. ‘The arm[s of the wicked shall be broken, but] Yah[weh upholds the righteous.] Yah[weh knows the days of the perfect, and their heritage will abide for ever.’ (37:17-18) Its interpretation concerns the men of] [his] favour [ ] [‘They will] n[ot] be put to shame in [evil times.’ (37:19) Its interpretation concerns]

Frgs. 1, 3–4 Col. III 1. 2. 3. 4. 5a. 5. 6.

the penitents of the desert who will live a thousand generations in uprightness; and to them will be all Man’s inheritance, and to their seed for ever. ‘And in the days of famine they will be satisfied, but the wicked will perish.’ (37:19-20) Its interpretation is that he will keep them alive in famine, in the season of error, whilst many shall perish by famine and plague, all who did not go out [ ] to be with ‘And those who love Yahweh are like the preciousness of lambs.’ (37:20) [Its] interpretation:

the Congregation of his Elect. they will be chiefs and princes [ sheep in the midst of their pastures. vacat

]

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬

‫‪100‬‬

‫כלו כעשן כולו פשר]ו[ על שרי ה]רש[ ֵעה אשר הונו את עם‬ ‫האוד ]בר[וֵח לוה רשע ולוא ישלם‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫קודשו אשר יובדו כעשן‬ ‫ומ ִקולל]ו יכר[תו‬ ‫וצדיק חונן ונותן כיא מבורכ]ו יר[שו ארץ ִ‬ ‫פשרו על עדת האביונים ֵה] [ם נחלת כול ֵה]‪°[°‬ל]‬ ‫ירשו את הר מרום ישר]אל וב[קודשו יתענגו ֵו]מקול[ ֵל ֵו‬ ‫ונשמ ֵד]ו[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫הב]רית ר[שעי ישראל אשר יכרתו‬ ‫יכרתו המה עריצי ֵ‬ ‫לעולם ‪vacat‬‬ ‫יפ]ול[ ל]וא[‬ ‫ֵל ֵדרכו י ִִחפץ ִכיא ֵ‬ ‫יהוִ]ה מצעדי גבר כונ[ ֵנ ֵו ֵב ֵכו ֵ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫כיא מ‬ ‫יוטל כיא י]הוה סומך ידו[ ֵפשרו על הכוהן ִמוִרה ה]צדק אשר[‬ ‫[‬ ‫]ד[ ֵבר בו אל לעמוד ֵו]אשר[ הכינו לבנות לו עדת]‬ ‫]ודר[ ִכו ישר לאמת ֵו] נער היי[תי וגם זקנתי ולוא] ראיתי צדיק[‬ ‫לח ֵם] כול היום[ חונן ומלוה וזר]עו לברכה פשר[‬ ‫נעזב וזרעו מבקש ֵ‬ ‫הדבר על ִמו ֵר]ה הצדק‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ ֵאל ִמ ]‬ ‫[‬ ‫ואת]‬

‫‪Frgs. 3–10‬‬ ‫‪Col. IV‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫לם נשמדו וזרע ֵר]שעים נכרת[ ֵהמה עריֵצי‬ ‫מש]פט עולים לעו[ ִ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫צדיק ֵי]ם ירשו ארץ וישכנו ל[עד עליה‬ ‫[התורה ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫]פשרו‬ ‫[באלף] דור פי צדיק יהגה[ ֵחכמה ולשונו תדבר‬ ‫אש ֵר דבר‬ ‫]משפט תורת אלהיו בלבו לוא תמעד אשריו פשרו על[ האמת ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫ֵא ֵליהם הגיד ‪vacat‬‬ ‫[‪°°‬‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬

‫צופה רשע ִלצדיק ומבקש] להמיתו יה[וה ]לוא יעזבנו בידו ולוא‬ ‫י[רשיענו בהשפטו‬ ‫[ ֵת‬ ‫פשרו על ]הכו[ ֵהן הרשע אשר ֵצ]ופ[ה הצד]יק ומבקש[ ִל ִה ִמיתו]‬ ‫והתורה‬ ‫יע]זבנו[ וֵלוא] ירשיענו ב[ ֵהשפטו ול]ו י[שלם] אל‬ ‫אשר שלח אליו ואל לוא ֵ‬ ‫ג[מולו לתתו‬

4Q171 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

101

‘All of them are consumed like smoke.’ (37:20) [Its] interpretation concerns the princes of [wick]edness who have oppressed his holy people, who will perish like the smoke of a firebrand [in the w]ind. ‘The wicked man borrows and does not repay, but the righteous is gracious and generous. For those who are blessed [of him will in]herit the earth, and those who are accursed [of him will be c]ut off.’ (37:21-22) Its interpretation concerns the congregation of the Poor Ones who [ ] the inheritance of all the [ ] will possess the mount of the height of Isra[el and on his] holy place luxuriate, whilst [those who are accursed] of him will be cut off: they are the violators of the [covenant, the wi]cked ones of Israel who will be cut off and destroyed for ever. vacat For ‘by Yahwe[h are Man’s steps secur]ed, in all his ways does he delight; for though he f [all he will not] be hurled headlong, for Ya[hweh supports his hand.’ (37:23-24)] Its interpretation concerns the Priest, the Teacher of [Righteousness whom] God [com]manded to arise and [whom] he established to build for him a congregation [ ] [and] his [wa]ys he directed towards his truth. [‘A lad was] I and now I am old, yet [I have] not [seen a righteous man] forsaken, nor his seed seeking food. [All the day] he is gracious and lending and [his] se[ed is a blessing.’ (37:25-26) The interpretation of] the passage concerns the Teach[er of Righteousness ] [ ] and the[ ]

Frgs. 3–10 Col. IV 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

jud[gement. ‘The unjust for ev]er will be destroyed and the seed of the wi[cked is cut off.’ (37:28)] They are the violators of [ ] the Law. ‘The righteou[s shall possess the earth and dwell for]ever upon it.’ (37:29) [Its interpretation ] in a thousand [generations. ‘The mouth of the righteous utters] wisdom and his tongue speaks [justice. The law of his God is in his mouth, his steps will not slip.’ (37:30-31) Its interpretation concerns] the truth which [ ] spoke [ ] to them he related. vacat vacat ‘The wicked watches for the righteous and seeks [to slay him. Yah]weh [will not abandon him in his hand and will not] condemn him when he is judged.’ (37:32-33) Its interpretation concerns the Wicked [Pri]est who wa[tche]s the Righteous [One and seeks] to slay him [ ] and the Law which he sent to him. But God will not ab[andon him] and will not [condemn him when] he is judged. But [God will] pay [him] his recompense by giving him

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬

‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬

‫דר ֵכו‬ ‫ֵם לעשות בו] משפט קוה אל י[הוה ושמור ִ‬ ‫גואי ֵ‬ ‫ביד עריצ]י[ ִ‬ ‫ו]י[רוממכה לרשת‬ ‫תר]אה פשרו על [ אשר יראו במשפט רשעה ועם‬ ‫הכרת רשעים ֵ‬ ‫ארץ ִב ִ‬ ‫אמ ִת ‪vacat‬‬ ‫נִחלת ֵ‬ ‫בחירו יִשמחו ֵב ִ‬ ‫ֵשע ִעריץ ִמ ִת ֵע]רה כאזרח רענן[ אעבור על פ]ניו והנה אינ[נו‬ ‫ראי[ ֵת ֵי ר ֵ‬ ‫וא]בקשהו[ וֵלוא‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫בח]יר[י אל] ויב[קש לשבית‬ ‫ֵב] אשר [‪°‬ל‪[ ]°‬על ֵ‬ ‫הכז ֵ‬ ‫]נמצא פשרו[ ֵעל ֵא]י[ש ֵ‬ ‫את‬ ‫]‬ ‫לעשות] [‪ֵ °‬ע ֵי משפט] [ ֵהזיד ביד‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬מ‪]°‬‬ ‫רמ ֵה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‪°‬ל‪ֵ °‬ל‪ ]°‬שמור תם וראה[ ישר] כיא אח[ ִר]ית לאי[ ֵש ִש ִלום פשרו‬ ‫]‬ ‫ע]ל‬ ‫[ ֵת של ֵו]ם[ ופושעים‬ ‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫הא]‬ ‫] [‪ֵ °°[ ]°‬ד ֵם ֵ‬ ‫[יֵוִ בדו ונכרתו‬ ‫ואח ֵר]ית רשעים נכרתה פשרו‬ ‫נשמדו יחד ִ‬ ‫ות]שוע[ ֵת] צדיקים מיהוה מעוזם בעת צרה ויעזרם‬ ‫ֵמ ֵתוך עדת היחד ֵ‬ ‫יהוה[‬ ‫[‬ ‫שעים] ויושיעם כיא חסו בו פשרו‬ ‫מר ֵ‬ ‫ויפלטם ֵ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫וימלטם‬ ‫[‬ ‫יושיעם אל ו]י[צילם מיד ר]שעי‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬

‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬

‫‪102‬‬

‫ים] לבני קרח משכיל שיר ידידות‬ ‫למנצח על ]שושנ[ ֵ‬ ‫מחלקות‬ ‫רח[ ֵש ל]ב[י דבר‬ ‫יש]ראל‬ ‫ִש ֵבי ֵ‬ ‫טוב‬ ‫]אומר אני מעשי למלך פשרו‬ ‫רו[ח קודש כיא‬ ‫[ ולשוני עט‬ ‫[ ֵספר ֵי]‬ ‫]‬ ‫מורה] הצדק‬ ‫]סופר מהיר פשרו[ על ֵ‬ ‫[‪°°‬ו אל במעני לשון‬ ‫ה[ ֵמה שבע‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 11‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫לשוב יחד לתורה ִב]‬ ‫ישראל] [‪°‬א‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫בחיר]י[‬ ‫ֵ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[בשפת ע]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪Frg. 12‬‬ ‫?‪top margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 13‬‬

‫[‪] °‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪vacat‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬

‫אלו[ ֵהים דבר ]בקדשו אעלזה אחלקה שכם[‬

4Q171 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.

into the hands of the terrible Gentiles to carry out [judgement] on him. [‘Wait for Ya]hweh and keep his way, and [he] will exalt thee to possess the land; thou shalt lo[ok] upon the destruction of the wicked.’ (37:34) [Its interpretation concerns ] who will look upon the judgement of wickedness and with his Elect they will rejoice in the inheritance of truth. vacat ‘I [have seen] a ruthless wicked person [ like a cedar of Lebanon.] I pass by before [him, and, lo,] he is [no more;] though I [seek him] he is not [to be found.’ (37:35-36) Its interpretation] concerns the Man of Lies [who ] against the El[ect] of God; [and he so]ught to bring to an end [ ] to carry out [ ] judgement [ ] behave with presumptuous arrogance. [ ] [ ‘Mark the blameless man and see] the upright [for there is posterity for the ma]n of peace.’ (37:37) Its interpretation con[cerns] [ ] peac[e.] ‘But the rebellious shall be destroyed together, and the poster[ity of the wicked shall be cut off.’ (37:38) Its interpretation ] will perish and be cut off from the midst of the Congregation of the Community. ‘And the sa[lvation of the righteous is from Yahweh; he is their refuge in time of trouble. And Yahweh has helped them] and delivered them and rescued them from the wicked, [and saved them because they took refuge in him.’ (37:39-40) Its interpretation ] God will save them and deliver them from the hand of the wi[cked ones of ] vacat ‘To the choirmaster: according to [Lil]ies. [A maskîl of the Sons of Korah; a song of lots.’ (45:1) ] They are the seven divisions of the penitents of Is[rael ] ‘My hea[rt is asti]r with a good thing [I address my verses to the king.’ (45:2) Its interpretation ] holy [spir]it for [ ] books of [ ] ‘and my tongue is the pen of [a ready scribe.’ (45:2) Its interpretation] concerns the Teacher of [Righteousness ] God [ ] him with an eloquent tongue

Frg. 11 1. 2.

to turn together to the Law in [ the chosen one[s] of Israel[ ]

]

Frg. 12 1.

with the lip of [

]

Frg. 13 2. 3.

103

[

vacat ‘G]od spoke [in his holiness, I will joyfully divide Shechem]

‫‪B. PESHARIM: CONTINUOUS PESHARIM‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪104‬‬

‫]ועמק סכ[וִת אמדדה לי] גלעד ולי מנשה ואפרים מעוז ראשי[‬ ‫]פשרו על גלע[ ִד וחצי שבט] מנשה[‬ ‫[וֵנקבצ ֵו]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪4Q173 (4QpPsb) ed. J. M. Allegro, DJD V‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫לכם] משכימי קום מאחרי שבת אוכלי לחם‬ ‫שו[א ֵ‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫העצבים כן[‬ ‫]יתן לידידו שנא פשרו א[שר יבקשו]‬ ‫הצדק]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ע[תרות מורה‬ ‫]‬ ‫כו[הן לאחרית הק]ץ‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬

‫הנחלה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]הנה נחלת יהוה בנים פשרו על י[ורשי‬ ‫‪Frg. 2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫הפר]י‬ ‫שכר פרי הבטן[ פשר ִו ֵ‬ ‫הצד]ק‬ ‫מ[וִ רה ֵ‬ ‫‪Frg. 3‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫א[ ֵש ֵר ִי הגבר] אשר מלא את אשפתו מהם‬ ‫פשרו[ אשר יהיו ק]הל‬ ‫ֵא יבושו ֵכ]י ידברו את אויבים בשער‬ ‫[ לו ֵ‬ ‫‪Frg. 4‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫קוצר וִ ]חצנו מעמר ולוא אמרו העברים‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫שלא[ ֵמלא כפו‬ ‫בר]כנו אתכם בשם יהוה‬ ‫הוה ִעל]יכ[ ִם ִ‬ ‫ברכת י[ ִ‬ ‫שע]‬ ‫[ ֵר ֵ‬

‫‪Frg. 5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫ע[ ֵברו ֵמ‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ ֵבית מכשול]‬ ‫יב]או‬ ‫עד קרנ[ות המזבח ֵ‬ ‫זה[ השער לאל צד ֵי]קים יבאו בו‬ ‫וחריב]ות‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫מר[ ִחיבי שמות‬ ‫ֵב]‬ ‫[ל ליעקו ֵ‬

4Q173 4. 5. 6.

105

[and the valley of Succ]oth I will measure. [Gilead] is mine[, Manasseh is mine, Ephraim is my chief fortress’ (Ps 60:8-9 = 108:8-9)] [Its interpretation concerns Gilea]d and half of the tribe of [Manasseh ] [ ]and they shall be gathered together [ ]

4Q173 (4QpPsb) trans. J. M. Allegro with N. Gordon Frg. 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

[ ‘It is va]in for you [to rise early, to go late to rest, eating the bread of anxious toil; thus] [he gives to his beloved sleep.’ (127:2) Its interpretation is th]at they seek [ ] [ sup]plications of the Teacher of Righteousness [ ] [ pri]est at the end of ti[me ] vacat [‘Lo, sons are a heritage from Yahweh.’ (127:3) Its interpretation concerns] those who take possession of the inheritance [ ]

Frg. 2 1. 2.

[ [

‘a reward is the fruit of the womb.’] (127:3) Its interpretation: ‘the fruit[ the Te]acher of Righteous[ness ]

’]

Frg. 3 1. 2. 3.

[‘H]appy is the man [who has a quiver full of them!’] (127:5) [Its interpretation is] that they will be a con[gregation ] [ ] ‘They will not be ashamed wh[en they speak with enemies in the gate ’ (127:5)]

Frg. 4 1. 2. 3.

[‘with which] the reaper does [not] fill his hand or [the binder of sheaves his bosom, while those who pass by do not say,] [The blessing of Ya]hweh be upo[n yo]u! [We] ble[ss you in the name of Yahweh!’ (129:7-8)] [ ] wicked [ ]

Frg. 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

[ [ [ [ [ [

pass] over from [ ] ] House of Stumbling [ ] unto the hor]ns of the altar they will co[me ] ‘This is] the gate of God; the righ[teous shall enter through it ’ (118:20)] those who wi]den the waste places and the desol[ate places ] ] to Jacob [ ]

‫‪106‬‬

‫‪C. COMMENTARIES‬‬

‫‪4Q252 (4QCommGen A) ed. G. Brooke, DJD XXII‬‬ ‫)‪Col. I (Frgs. 1, 2‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫]ב[ ֵשנת ארבע מאות ושמונים לחיי נוח בא קצם לנוח ואלוהים‬ ‫ֵאמר לא ידור רוחי באדם לעולם ויחתכו ימיהם מאה ועשרים‬ ‫ִשנה עד קץ מי מבול ומי מבול היו על הארץ ‪ vacat‬בשנת שש מאות שנה‬ ‫עשר בו ביום ההוא‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫לחיי נוח בחודש השני באחד בשבת בשבעה‬ ‫נבקעו כול מעינות תהום רבה וארבות השמים נפתחו ויהי הגשם על‬ ‫עשרים וששה בחודש‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫הארץ ארבעים יום וארבעים לילה עד יום‬ ‫הארץ חמשים ומאת יום‬ ‫השלישי יום חמשה בשבת ויגברו המים על ִ‬ ‫עד יום ארבעה עשר בחודש השביעי ִבשלושה בשבת ובסוף חמשים‬ ‫ומאת יום חסרו המים שני ימים יום ִה ִרביעי ויום החמישי ויום‬ ‫הששי נחה חתבה על הרי הוררט ֵה]וא יו[ ֵם שבעה עשר בחודש השביעי‬ ‫והמים הי]ו [ ֵהלוך וחסור עד החודש ]הע[שירי באחד בו יום רביעי‬ ‫להראות ראשי‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫נר ֵאו ראשי ההרים ויהי ִמ ֵקץ ארבעים יום‬ ‫לשבת ִ‬ ‫ההר]ים ויפ[ ִתח נוח את חלון התבה יום אחד בשבת הוא יום עשרה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫בעש]תי עשר[ החודש וישלח ֵאת היונה לראות הקלו המים ולוא‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫מצאה מנוח ותבוא אליו ]אל [ ֵהתבה ויחל עוד שבעת ימים ִא]חרים[‬ ‫ויוסף לשלחה ותבוא אליו ועלי זית טרף בפיה ]הוא יום עשרים[‬ ‫בשב]ת וידע נוח כי קלו המים[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫וארבעה לעשתי עשר החודש באחד‬ ‫מעל הארץ ‪ vacat‬ומקץ שבעת ימים ֵא ֵח ֵר]ים שלח א[ ֵת ה]יונה ולוא[‬

4Q252

107

C. COMMENTARIES

4Q252 (4QCommGen A) trans. G. Brooke Col. I (Frgs. 1, 2) 1. [In] the four hundred and eightieth year of Noah’s life their end came for Noah and God 2. said, ‘My spirit will not dwell among humanity forever’ (6:3a); and their days were determined at one hundred and twenty 3. years until the time/end of (the) waters of (the) flood. And (the) waters of (the) flood were upon the earth (7:10b) vacat in the year of the six hundredth year 4. of Noah’s life, in the second month, on the first day of the week, on its seventeenth day (7:11a), on that day 5. all (the) fountains of (the) great deep burst forth and the windows of the heavens were opened (7:11b) and there was rain upon 6. the earth for forty days and forty nights (7:12) until the twenty-sixth day in the 7. third month, the fifth day of the week. And the waters swelled upon the earth for one hundred and fifty days (7:24), 8. until the fourteenth day in the seventh month (8:4a) on the third day of the week. And at the end of 9. one hundred and fifty days (8:3b) the waters decreased (8:3b) for two days, the fourth day and the fifth day, and on the 10. sixth day the ark came to rest on the mountains of Hurarat; i[t was the] seventeenth [da]y in the seventh month (8:4). 11. And the waters continued to decrease until the [te]nth month (8:5a), its first day, the fourth day 12. of the week the tops of the mountains appeared (8:5b). And it was at the end of forty days (8:6a) when the tops of the mountain[s] were visible 13. [that] Noah [op]ened the window of the ark (8:6b), on the first day of the week, that is, the tenth day 14. in the elev[enth] month. And he sent the dove (8:8a) to see whether the waters had abated (8:8b) but it did not 15. find a resting place and came back to him [to] the ark (8:9a). And he again waited a [nother] seven days, 16. and he sent it out again (8:10) and it came back to him and leaves of an olive tree, newly plucked, were in its beak (8:11a). [This was the twenty-] 17. fourth day of the eleventh month, on the first day of the wee[k. And Noah knew that the waters had abated] 18. from upon the earth (8:11b). vacat And at the end of seven fur[ther] days [he sent forth th]e [dove and it did not]

‫‪C. COMMENTARIES‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬

‫‪108‬‬

‫יספה לשוב עוד הוא יום ֵא ֵח]ד לשנים עשר[ החודש ]באחד[‬ ‫יס ֵפ]ה[‬ ‫שלוִש]ים ואחד ימים משלח את היונ[ה אשר לוא ֵ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫בשבת ומקץ‬ ‫התבה]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫שוב עוד חרבו ִה ֵמ]ים מעל הארץ ו[יסר נוח את מכסה‬ ‫וירא והנה ]חרבו פני האדמה ברבי[עי באחד בחודש הראישון‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫)‪Col. II (Frgs. 1, 3‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫מאות שנה לחיי נוח ובשבעה עשר יום לחודש ִהשני‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫באחת ושש‬ ‫יבשה הארץ באחד בשבת ביום ההוא יצא נוח מן התבה לקץ שנה‬ ‫בשבע ִה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫תמימה לימים שלוש מאות ששים וארבעה באחד בשבת‬ ‫נוח מן התבה למועד שנה‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫אחת ושש‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫עשה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ויקץ נוח מיינו וידע את אשר‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫תמימה‬ ‫לו בנו הקטן ויומר ארור כנען עבד עבדים יהייה לאחיו ולוא‬ ‫קלל את חם כי אם בנו כי ברך אל את בני נוח וִ באהלי שם ישכון‬ ‫ואר]ב[ ֵעי ִִם שנה תרח בצאתו‬ ‫אהבו ‪ vacat‬בן מאה ִ‬ ‫ארץ נתן לאברהם ִ‬ ‫בעים שנה וחמש שנים ישב‬ ‫ואב]רם בן ש[ ִ‬ ‫מאור כשדיים ויבוא ִחרן ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ ֵארץ כנען שש ִי]ם‬ ‫אברם בחרן ואחר יצא ]‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ אברם לא]‬ ‫והע]ז‬ ‫העגלה והאיל ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ ִצה לקח לוִ ]‬ ‫האש בעבר ִו]‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ ֵכנען ל]‬ ‫לצאת ֵא ֵב]רם‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪vac]at‬‬

‫)‪Col. III (Frgs. 1, 3, 4, 5‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫כאשר כתוב ]‬ ‫אנשים ]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫עשר‬ ‫הזאת ]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫העיר‬ ‫א ֵנו ֵֵכ]י[ לא ]‬ ‫שם ]‬ ‫ואם לוא ימצא ֵ‬ ‫י‬ ‫וטפה ושאר ‪] °‬‬ ‫ה‬ ‫אברם את ידו ]ויקח‬ ‫עת]ה ידעתי )?(‬ ‫ויומר אליו ֵ‬ ‫יחידכה ֵמ]מני‬

‫[ ֵשנים‬ ‫עמו[רה וגם‬ ‫[ צדיקים‬ ‫[‪°‬ים לבדם יחרמו‬ ‫י‬ ‫ושללה‬ ‫וכל[ הנמצא בה‬ ‫[עולם וישלח‬ ‫הש[מים‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q252

109

19. return again (8:12); it was the fi[rst] day [of the twelfth] month, [on the first day] 20. of the week. And at the end of thir[ty-one days from sending forth the dov]e when it did not 21. return again (8:12b), the wat[ers] dried up [from upon the earth and] Noah removed the covering of the ark 22. and looked and behold[ the surface of the ground had dried up, (8:13b) on the fou]rth [day of the week] on the first day of the firs[t] month (8:13a )

Col. II (Frgs. 1, 3) 1. in the six hundred and first year (8:13ag) of Noah’s life (8:13a LXX), and on the seventeenth day of the second month, 2. the earth dried up (8:14), on the first day of the week, on that day Noah went forth (8:18a) from the ark at the end of a 3. complete year of three hundred and sixty-four days, on the first day of the week, in the seven(th) 4. vacat one and six vacat Noah from the ark at the appointed time, a 5. complete year vacat And Noah awoke from his wine and knew what 6. his youngest son had done to him. And he said, ‘Cursed be Canaan! A slave of slaves will he be to his brothers’ (9:24-25). But he did not 7. curse Ham, but his son, because God blessed the sons of Noah (9:1) and in the tents of Shem may He dwell (9:27aß); 8. a land He gave to Abraham his friend (2 Chr 20:7). vacat Terah was one hundred and fo[r]ty years old when he went forth 9. from Ur of the Chaldees and entered Haran (11:31b). And Ab[ram was se]venty years old. And for five years 10. Abram stayed in Haran. And after he left [ ] the land of Canaan, sixty[ ] 11. the heifer and the ram and the go[at (15:9a)] Abram for [ ] 12. the fire when it pass[ed (15:17b)] he took [ ] 13. at Ab[ram]’s departure [ ]Canaan [ ] 14. vac[at ]

Col. III (Frgs. 1, 3, 4, 5) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

as it is written [ ]twelve men[ Gomo]rrah and also this city[ ] righteous ones ‘I [will] not [(18:31?) ] only they shall utterly destroy (Deut 13:16) and unless there is found there (18:32)[ and all] which is found in it (Deut 20:11) and its booty (Deut 13:17) and its little children (Deut 20:14), and the rest [ ]ever. And Abraham stretched forth his hand [and took (22:10) the hea]vens and said (22:11a) to him, ‘No[w I know (22:12b?) ] your beloved fr[om me (22:12b) ]

‫‪C. COMMENTARIES‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫‪]°‬‬ ‫‪]°‬‬ ‫יב]רך‬ ‫אל שדי ֵ‬ ‫אביכה] אברהם‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]א[ ֵת ברכת‬ ‫לם תהי]ה‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫]‬

‫‪110‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫)‪Col. IV (Frg. 5‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫הכ]ה[‬ ‫תמנע היתה פילגש לאליפז בן עשיו ותלד לו את עמלק הוא אשר ִ‬ ‫י‬ ‫שאול ‪ vacat‬כאשר דבר למושה באחרית המים תמחה אתזכר עמלק‬ ‫ברכות יעקוב ראובן בכורי אתה‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫מתחת השמים‬ ‫ורישית אוני יתר שאת ויתר עוז פחזתה כמים אל תותר עליתה‬ ‫משכבי אביכה אז חללתה יצועיו עלה ‪ vacat‬פשרו אשר הוכיחו אשר‬ ‫[ ֵר ֵא ִו ִבןִ הוא‬ ‫שכב עם בלהה פילגשו ֵו]א[מר ֵב ֵכ ֵו]רי [ ֵא]תה [ל]‬ ‫[‬ ‫ער‪] °°‬‬ ‫ראשית ֵ‬

‫)‪Col. V (Frg. 6‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫לו[ ֵא יסור שליט משבט יהודה בהיות לישראל ממשל‬ ‫]‬ ‫כסא לדויד כי המחקק היא ברית המלכות‬ ‫]לוא י[ ֵכרֵת יושב ִ‬ ‫]ואל[פי ִ‬ ‫ישראל המה הדגלים ‪ vacat‬עד בוא משיח הצדק צמח‬ ‫דויד כי לו ולזרעו נתנה ברית מלכות עמו עד דורות עולם אשר‬ ‫[ ֵהתורה עם אנשי היחד כי‬ ‫שמר ‪] °‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬היא כנסת אנשי‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‪ °‬נתן‬ ‫]‬

‫)‪Col. VI (Frg. 6‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫יתן מעדני ִי]‬ ‫שפר ע‪]°‬‬ ‫את ה]‬ ‫‪]°°‬‬

4Q252

111

10. [ 11. [ 12. El Shaddai will bl[ess (28:3) 13. the blessing of your father [Abraham (28:4 LXXA 31) 14. [ ] you wi[ll

] ] ] ] ]

Col. IV (Frg. 5) 1. Timna was the concubine of Eliphaz, the son of Esau. And she bore him Amalek (36:12a), he whom 2. Saul destroyed (cf. 1 Sam 14:48; 15:3, 7) vacat as he spoke to Moses, ‘In the latter days you will wipe out the memory of Amalek 3. from under the heavens’ (Deut 25:19). vacat THE BLESSINGS OF JACOB: ‘Reuben, you are my firstborn 4. and the firstfruits of my strength, excelling in dignity and excelling in power. Unstable as water, you shall no longer excel. You went up onto 5. your father’s bed. Then you defiled it’ ( 49:3-4a). ‘On his bed he went up!’ vacat Its interpretation is that he reproved him for when 6. he slept with Bilhah his concubine. And he [s]aid, ‘Y[ou] are [my] firstbo[rn] Reuben’ (Gen 49:3) he was 7. the firstfruits of [ ]

Col. V (Frg. 6) 1. ‘The sceptre shall [n]ot depart from the tribe of Judah’ (49:10a). When Israel rules 2. [there will not] be cut off one who occupies the throne for David (Jer 33:17). For ‘the staff’ (49:10a) is the covenant of the kingship; 3. the [thousa]nds of Israel are ‘the standards’ (Gen 49:10a) vacat until the coming of the messiah of righteousness, the shoot of 4. David. For to him and his seed has been given the covenant of the kingship of his people for everlasting generations, which 5. he kept [ ]the Law with the men of the community, for 6. [ ] it is the congregation of the men of 7. [ ] he gave/Nathan

Col. VI (Frg. 6) 1. ‘he shall provide [ 2. beauty (49:21b) [ 3. the [ 4. [

] pleasures’ (49:20b)

[

‫‪C. COMMENTARIES‬‬

‫‪112‬‬

‫‪4Q253 (4QCommGen B) ed. G. Brooke, DJD XXII‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫י[שראל ו‪]°‬‬ ‫התבה]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ מן‬ ‫[וק להודיע לנִ ֵו]ח‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫הטמאה ֵר]‬ ‫ִה ִו] [ דמה]‬ ‫טהורים מן הברי ִֵא ֵה]‬ ‫עולתו לרצון כאשר נקח]‬ ‫כאש]ר‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫לו שערי המרום‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪ °‬הים ]‬ ‫[‪ °‬בליעל וכא]שר‬ ‫[יִעזוב את ]‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪4Q254 (4QCommGen C) ed. G. Brooke, DJD XXII‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫אשר אמר ]‬ ‫ויקץ נוח מיינו[‬ ‫על הפתחים והח]לונים‬ ‫וידע את אש]ר עשה לו בנו הקטן ויאמר ארור כנען[‬ ‫עבד עבדים ]יהיה‬ ‫] [‪]°°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫ה[ג ִֵר ע‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 3‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫[אות ‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬יפל לב‪]°‬‬ ‫[מ ֵו מיד ‪°°‬דה לעד‪]°‬‬ ‫אה ִח ֵמורו ב‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫[ות ש‪ °°‬כיא ק]‬ ‫[ ֵכיא ז ִֵר ֵע ִכה ל‪ֵ °°‬ב ִה]‬ ‫וגם ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‬

4Q254

113

4Q253 (4QCommGen B) trans. G. Brooke Frg. 1 2. I]srael and [ 3. ] from the ark[ 4. ] to make known to No[ah

Frg. 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

the impurity [ i[t] is like[ pure things from creation[ his whole burnt-offering for acceptance as we shall take[ to/for him/it the gates of the heights a[s

Frg. 3 1. ] the sea [ 2. ] Belial and a[s 3. ]he will forsake the [

4Q254 (4QCommGen C) trans. G. Brooke Frg. 1 1. 2. 3. 4.

that which he said [ concerning the doors and the w[indows And Noah awoke from his wine] and knew wh[at his youngest son had done to him. And he said, ‘Cursed be Canaan!] A slave of slaves [will he be to his brothers!’ (Gen 9:24-25).

Frg. 2 2. (?) Ha]gar

[

Frg. 3 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

] he/it will fall to ] from the hand of ] his ass [ ] for [ ]for your seed [ ]And also [

[ to

[

‫‪C. COMMENTARIES‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫‪114‬‬

‫מב‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬וִ חולל ֵ‬ ‫[תה ב ֵו]‬ ‫‪Frg. 4‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[להם ‪°°‬עם ‪]°‬‬ ‫אשר]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[שני בני היצהר‬ ‫[ ִשוִ מרי מצות אל]‬ ‫[ ֵד כיא אנשי הי]ח[ ֵד ֵה ֵמ]ה‬ ‫‪Frgs. 5–6‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫]‬

‫[‬

‫יט] שכמו לסבול ויהי למס [עובד ‪vacat‬‬ ‫ִו ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫לים]‬ ‫[ן הגִ ִד ִו ִ‬ ‫אש ֵר]‬ ‫כאח]ד[ ֵש]בטי ישראל[‬ ‫דן ידין ע[מו ִ‬ ‫עובד ‪]°‬‬ ‫נִח]ש עלי דרך שפי[ ִפון עלי ִאוִ ]רח הנושך[‬ ‫ִויהי דן ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫עקב]י [ ִס ִו ֵס]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫יִשר]אל‬

‫‪Frg. 7‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[ ‪]°‬‬ ‫קשת]ו‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ותש[ב באיתן‬ ‫ישראל]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫רוע[ ֵה אבן‬ ‫שמים[ ממ]ע[ל]‬ ‫ע[ל ֵב]רכות‬ ‫‪Frg. 8‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫‪]°‬‬ ‫‪]°°‬‬ ‫וללחמו ול]‬ ‫פניכה לא]‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬

‫‪Frg. 9‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪]°°°‬‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬ה‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬כבודי]‬ ‫[ ל]‬

‫]‬

‫לק ֵח ]‬ ‫אשר ִ‬ ‫וֵהבדיל ֵב ִי]ן‬ ‫] [ ‪°‬ה]‬ ‫‪Frg. 11‬‬

‫‪Frg. 10‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬‬ ‫יע]‬ ‫[ ִאשר אמר ֵ‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫אתה]‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫[‪°‬וִ ]‬

4Q254 8. ]

pierced/profaned/writhing

115

[

Frg. 4 1. 2. 3. 4.

]for them [ ]the two sons of oil who[ ]keepers of the commandments of God[ ] for the men of the co[mmun]ity th[ey are

Frgs. 5–6 1. And he bent[ his shoulder to the burden and became for forced labour ]a slave (49:15b). vacat 2. which[ ] the great [ ] 3. a slave [Dan shall judge] his [peo]ple as on[e] of the tr[ibes of Israel.] 4. And Dan shall be a sna[ke by the road, a vip]er along the pa[th which bites] 5. the heels [of] a horse (49:16-17) [ ] [ ] 6. Isra[el

Frg. 7 2. 3. 4. 5.

But his] bow remained rigid[ Shephe]rd, the Rock of Israel[ (49:24) heavens] from above[ (49:25) th]an the b[lessings (49:26?)

Frg. 8

Frg. 9

3. ]

my glory[

Frg. 11 2. ] you[

3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

and for his food and for[ your face [ vacat[ which he took [ and he distinguished betw[een

Frg. 10 2. ] what he said

[

‫‪C. COMMENTARIES‬‬

‫‪116‬‬

‫‪Frg. 12‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫א[שר ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִל ֵמ‪ֵ °°‬ן]‬ ‫[ ‪] vacat‬‬

‫‪Frg. 13‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬א‪] °°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬י ִֵא]‬

‫‪Frg. 14‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫[ ‪]°‬‬ ‫[אשר נת]ן )?(‬ ‫לשכב]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‪°‬‬ ‫[‪]°[ ]°‬‬ ‫[‪] °‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫יא] [מ ִי] [‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬כ ֵ‬ ‫[ ִתרגמן ה ִואה אשר היה ֵכ‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Frg. 15‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[היִאה]‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 16‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪Frg. 17‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫י[ ִשראל ִב‪]°‬‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪4Q254a (4QCommGen D) ed. G. Brooke, DJD XXII‬‬ ‫‪Frgs. 1–2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[היונה ‪]°‬‬ ‫חש ֵב ִון מעשה ה]תבה שלוש מאות אמה אור[ך התבה וחמ]שים אמה[‬ ‫ֵה ִ‬ ‫ֵוז ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵמה וִ ‪]°‬‬ ‫ושלשים ]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫רוחבה‬ ‫ומ ִד ִת התבה ‪°°°‬ה‪]°°‬‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫] [ ִק ִו ‪°‬ל‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 3‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ב] ִשבעה עשר לחודש‬ ‫[‪ °°‬נוח יצא מן התבה למועד ימים ימימה‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬

‫הא]חרונים[‬ ‫העו[רב ויצא יצוא וישוב להודיע לדורות ִ‬ ‫ויש]וב‬ ‫לפניו כי העוִ ]רב[ יצוא יצא ִ‬ ‫[‪ִ °°‬‬

‫‪4Q176 (4QTanú) ed. J. M. Allegro, DJD V‬‬ ‫‪Frgs. 1–2‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ועשה פלאכה והצדק בעמכה וה ִי ִו]‬ ‫דם]‬ ‫מקדשכה וריבה עם ממלכות על ִ‬ ‫ו‬ ‫ירושלים וראה נבלת כהניכה]‬

4Q176

117

Frg. 12 1. wh]ich 3.

Frg. 15

] vacat [

Frg. 14 2. ]which he ga[ve (?) 3. ]and (?) to lie dow[n

2. ]it is[

Frg. 17 1. I]srael

[

Frg. 16 [

1. ] for[ ] [ ] [ ] 2. i]nterpreter, he it is who was

[ [

4Q254a (4QCommGen D) trans. G. Brooke Frgs. 1–2 1. ]the dove [ 2. and this is the computation of the making of the [ark: three hundred cubits is the leng]th of the ark, and fift[y cubits is 3. its width, and thirty [cubits] 4. and the measurement of the ark [

Frg. 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

on the] seventeenth of the month ] Noah went forth from the ark, at the appointed time year by year. vacat a ra]ven and it went forth and returned to make known to the l[atter] generations ] him because the ra[ven] had gone forth and had re[turned

4Q176 (4QTanú) trans. J. M. Allegro with M. Wise, M. Abegg, E. Cook, and N. Gordon Frgs. 1–2 Col. i 1. 2. 3.

and perform thy wonder and righteousness among thy people, and [ thy sanctuary, and contend with kingdoms over the blood of [ ] Jerusalem, and see the ‘bodies of’ thy priests [ ]

]

‫‪C. COMMENTARIES‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫‪118‬‬

‫נחמו נחמו עמי[‬ ‫ומים]‬ ‫תנח ֵ‬ ‫ואין קובר ומן ספר ישעיה ֵ‬ ‫וק]ראו אליה כיא מלאה צבא[ ֵה כיא‬ ‫יומר אלוהיכם דברו על לב ירושלים ֵ‬ ‫חטותיהא קול קורה‬ ‫נרצה עוונה כיא לקחה מיד • • • • כפלים בכול ֵ‬ ‫במדבר פנו דרך • • • • ישר ֵב]ערבה[ ֵמסלה לאלוה ֵי ֵנ]ו[ כול גיא ינשא‬ ‫ור] והרכסים לב[ ִקעה‬ ‫]וכול הר וגב[ ִע ֵה יִשפלו והיה העקוב ל]מי[ ִש ֵ‬ ‫עב]די י[עק]ו[ ֵב ]אשר ב[ ֵח ֵר ֵת]י[כה‬ ‫ונגלה כ[ ֵבוד • • • • ואתה ישראל ֵ‬ ‫הא‬ ‫ה‬ ‫[ ִי ה]א[רץ ומאציל‬ ‫חזקתיכה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]זרע אבר[הם אהבי אשר‬ ‫]קראתיכה ואמר[ לכה עבדי אתה] בחרתיכה ולוא מאסת[יך‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫]• • • • אשר נ[אמן קדוש יש]ראל ויבחרכה[‬ ‫אלה]ים עמו ועניו ירחם ותאמר ציון[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫פצחו הרים כיא נחם‬ ‫ֵעזבני • • • • ]ואדני שכחני התשכח אשה עולה מרחם בן בטנה[‬ ‫תשכח]נה ואנכי לוא אשכחך הן על כפים חקותיך[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫גם אלה‬ ‫וחומותי ֵֵך ֵנ ֵג]די תמיד מהרו בניך מהרסיך ומחרביך[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫ֵמ ֵמ ֵך יצ]או‬

‫‪Frg. 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]ועתה כ[וֵא אמר יה]וה בראך יעקב ויצרך ישראל[‬ ‫]אל תיר[ ֵא כיא גאלתיך ]קראתי בשמך לי אתה כיא תעבר[‬ ‫]במים[ ֵאתך אני וב]נה[ר]ות לוא ישטפוך[‬

‫‪Frgs. 4–5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫וא[ ֵת ֵן אדם ִתח]תיך ולאמים תחת נפשך[‬ ‫]‬ ‫]אל ת[ירא ]כיא אתך א[ ֵנ ֵי ממזרח אבי]א זרעך וממערב אקבצך[‬ ‫הב]יאי בני מרחוק ובנותי מקצה[‬ ‫]אמ[ ֵר לצפון ]תני ולתימן[ אל תכלאי ֵ‬ ‫]הא[רץ ‪vacat‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫] [כיא]‬

4Q176 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

119

and ‘none to bury (them).’ And from the book of Isaiah, words of comfort: [ ‘Comfort, comfort my people], says your God. Speak gently to Jerusalem, and pro[claim to her that ]her[ punishment is over,] for her sin is forgiven, that she has received from the Lord a double punishment for all her offenses. A voice cries: In the wilderness prepare the way of the Lord, make straight in[ the desert] a highway for o[ur] God. Let every valley be filled, [every mountain and hi]ll be level, let every rugged place be a [pl]ain, [and the rocky areas a m]eadow. The [g]lory of the Lord [will be revealed’] (Isa 40:1-5). ‘But you, Israel, are [my] serva[nt, J]ac[o]b [whom I] have chosen. [Seed of Abra]ham, my friend, whom I have sustained[ ] the [ea]rth, and from its far reaches [I have summoned you, and said] to you, you are my servant; [I have chosen you and not rejected] you’ (Isa 41:8-9).

Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

[‘the Lord who is f]aithful, the Holy One of Is[rael who chose you.’ (Isa 49:7)] ‘give voice, mountains, for Go[d] has comforted [His people and shown mercy to His afflicted. Although Zion had said,] The Lord has abandoned me, [my Lord has forgotten me, can a woman forget her baby, a parent the child of her womb?] Even if these should forget, [I will never forget you. See, on my palms I have engraved you,] and your walls [are always on my ]mi[nd. Your children have hastened, while those who have destroyed and ruined you] shall de[part] from you.’ (Isa 49:13-17) [ ]

Frg. 3 1. 2. 3.

[‘And now th]us says the Lo[rd, Your creator, O Jacob, and Your maker, O Israel,] [do not be afrai]d, for I have redeemed you. [I have called you by your name, you are mine. When you pass] [through the water] I am with you, and in the f[loo]d[s, they will not drown you ’ (Isa 43:1-2)].

Frgs. 4–5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ ‘I ga]ve men in exchan[ge for you, and nations in exchange for your soul.] [Do not be] afraid, [for I am with you.] From the East I will brin[g your descendants, and from the West I will gather you.] [I will sa]y to the North, [Give them up; and to the South,] Do not retain them, but br[ing back my children from afar, and my daughters from the end of] [the ea]rth.’ vacat (Isa 43:4-6) [ ]for[ ]

‫‪C. COMMENTARIES‬‬

‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪Frgs. 6–7‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]כה אמר אדונ[י ִֵך]• • • •[ א]לו[היך] יריב עמו הנה לקחתי מידך את[‬ ‫]כוס התר[עלה] את קבע[ ִת כוס ח]מתי לוא תוסיפי לשתותה עוד[‬ ‫]ושמתיה[ ביד מוגיך] [‪°‬י ִִמ ִי ֵי‪]°°‬‬

‫‪Frgs. 8–11‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬

‫[‪°‬ירים‬ ‫[כאר]ץ‬ ‫ֵמ]‬ ‫ֵיי ֵ‬ ‫עור ֵי] עורי לבשי עזך[ ִציון לב]שי בגדי תפארתך י[ ִרושלים ִעיר הקודש כיא‬ ‫]לוא יוסיף יבוא בך עוד ערל וטמא התנערי מעפר קומ[י שובי ירושלם‬ ‫התפתחי‬ ‫ֵה] בת ציון כיא כה [אמר] • • • • חנם נמכרתם ולוא[ ֵבכסף‬ ‫]מוסרי צוארך ש[ ֵבי ֵ‬ ‫תגאלו‬ ‫תיר]אי כיא[ לוא ‪ ///‬תבושי] ואל תכלמי כי[א לא תחפירי כיא‬ ‫[אל ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫בשת‬ ‫]עלומי[כי תשכח ֵי] וח[ ֵרפת ארמלותך לוא] תזכרי עוד [כבעלך עושיך • • • •‬ ‫רץ יֵקרא כיא כאשה‬ ‫]צבאות[ שמו וגאליכי קדוש יש]ראל א[ל]והי כו[ל ]הא[ ֵ‬ ‫עזוֵבה‬ ‫אלוהיך‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]ועצובת[ ֵרוֵח קראך • • • • ואשת נעורים כיא] ת[ ֵמאס אמר • • • •‬ ‫[‬ ‫אקבצך בשצף קצף ‪]°°‬‬ ‫]ברגע[ קטנה עזבתיך וברחמים גדולים ִ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]רגע מ[ ֵמ ֵך ובחסדי עולמ רחמתיכה אמר‬ ‫גואל ִך • • • • כימי נוח זות לי אשר‬ ‫מ‬ ‫עב]ור מי[ נוח אל ארץ ֵכן נשבעתי ֵמ ִקצוף עליך עד וגעור בך‬ ‫]נשבעתי מ[ ֵ‬ ‫ימוש]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫וחסדי מאתיכי לוא‬ ‫]כיא ההר[ים ימושו והגבעות תתמוטטנה ֵ‬ ‫ֵם וכבוד רב כתוב ֵב]‬ ‫נ[ואש עד דברי תנחוִמי ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫[אין עוד מעת]‬ ‫אוה ֵב]י‬ ‫[ ֵב ִ‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‪°‬ת י‪]°‬‬ ‫עב ֵדיו בו]‬ ‫]בלי[ ִעל לענות את ֵ‬ ‫ארים] [יושבת]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ישמח ] [ ֵו] [‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[י‬ ‫]‬ ‫תמע‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬בת] [ ֵ‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Frgs. 12–13‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫[כי לוא] יוסי[ ִף יבוא] בך עוד ערל וטמא התנערי[‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫]מע[פר ק]ו[מי ]‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

4Q176

121

Frgs. 6–7 1. 2. 3.

[‘Thus says] Your [Lord the Lord] Your G[o]d, [who contends for His people: Behold, I have taken from your hand the] [cup that makes you st]agger, [the roun]d cup of [My] wr[ath. You will never again drink of it.] [I will put it] in the hand of those who afflict you’ (Isa 51:22-23) [ ]

Frgs. 8–11 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

[ ]‘like the lan[d’ (Isa 51:23) ]he will raise up. ‘Wake up, [wake up, put on your strength,] Zion! Pu[t on your beautiful clothes, J]erusalem, holy city! For [the uncircumcised and impure will never again enter you. So shake off the dust, get u]p, return, Jerusalem. Loosen the bonds of your neck, [O ca]ptive [daughter of Zion! For thus] says [the Lord: You were sold for nothing, so without] money you will be reclaimed.’ (Isa 52:1-3) [ ]‘Do not be afra[id, for] you will not be ashamed. [Do not be mortified f]or you will not be disgraced. Truly the shame of your [youth] you will forget, the [con]tempt of your widowhood [you will] not [remember again,] for your Maker has become your husband, the Lord [of Hosts] is His name. Your redeemer is the Holy One of Is[rael; the ]G[od of al]l [the ea]rth He is called. For like an abandoned woman [downcast] in spirit the Lord has called you. Like a young wife when [she] is rejected—so says the Lord your God. [For a ]short [moment] I left you alone, but in great mercy I am bringing you back. In raging wrath [ ] [briefly from] you, but by My eternal grace I had pity on you. So says your Redeemer, the Lord. This is as it was in the time of Noah, when [I swore that the waters of] Noah [would not] cov[er] the earth, so I have forsworn My anger forever, and My punishment of you. [For the mounta]ins may shift or the hills totter, but My grace will not shift from you’ [ (Isa 54:4-10)]. [ w]eary unto the words of comfort; and great glory is written in [ ] [ ] among lovers of [ ] no more from the time of [ ] [ Beli]al to oppress his servants by it [ ] [ ] will rejoice [ ] I will raise up [ ] her who sits [ ] [ ]daughter[ ] [ ]

Frgs. 12–13 2. 3.

‘for nev[e]r [again ]shall[ the uncircumcised and unclean ]enter[ into you. Shake off] [from the d]ust, ar[i]se[ ’ (Isa 52:1-2)]

‫‪C. COMMENTARIES‬‬

‫‪122‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 14‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫בכשו]‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫ֵת ‪]°‬‬ ‫שנאי ֵ‬ ‫[‪ °‬ם ֵ‬ ‫[ ·‬ ‫שונאנו שברנו]‬ ‫· י‬ ‫[ ֵא· הבטתה א ִולנו]‬ ‫·‬ ‫] ֵכה על ִמכה בו]‬ ‫[אין לוא דורש]‬ ‫ו‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬א ֵב ִדה ‪°‬ל]‬ ‫‪Frg. 15‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫והב[אית]י[‬ ‫]את השלשית באש וצרפתים כצרף את הכסף ובחנתים[ כבחון את‬ ‫]הזהב הואה יקרא בשמי ואני אענה אתו אמרתי[ עמי והואה‬ ‫[‪°‬ר ואמר‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ ֵל]‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪Frg. 16‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[‪]°°°°‬‬ ‫[‪]°°° °‬‬ ‫[רזי הפיל גורל]‬ ‫מילת איש ל]‬ ‫ב[ית קודש ולתת ִ‬ ‫[‪°‬ר על אוהבו ועל שומרי מצ]ותו‬ ‫[ ֵש‪°‬א‪°‬ת בריתו ‪ vac‬ול‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵל] [ל]‬ ‫‪Frg. 17‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫[ ‪]°‬‬ ‫דור[ות עולמים ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬על כול א]יש‬ ‫[במלאך פ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ שמונה ש]‬ ‫[יֵפע לנו ממ]‬ ‫ע[ ֵשו התורה ו]‬ ‫[התורה]‬ ‫‪Frg. 18‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[נֵחלת ידו כי לוא יצדק]‬ ‫דרכי כול ‪]°°°°°°‬‬ ‫[ ֵל ִטו ִ‬ ‫‪Frg. 19‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫בח]‬ ‫[א ֵ‬ ‫[ם בחרב ולמשפט ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִשים ֵעליהמה י]‬

4Q176

123

Frg. 14 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

[ [ [ [ [ [

] you hated [ ] ]our enemy our destruction[ ] ] you looked to us[ ] ] concerning the wound in him[ ]no one seeks him[ ] ] she is destroyed [ ]

]

Frg. 15 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ ‘I will p]ut [ ] [one-third in the fire, and refine them as one refines silver; I will test them] as one tests [gold. He will call Me by name, and I will answer him. I say,] My people, and he’ (Zech 13:9) [ ] and he said[ ]

Frg. 16 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ [ [ [

] secrets of casting the lot [ ] ] holy [h]ouse, and to give man’s speech to [ ] ] upon those who love him and those who keep [his] command[ments ] his covenant. vacat And to [ ]

Frg. 17 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

[ [ [ [ [ [ [

]eternal [gener]ations [ ] concerning every m[an ]with an angel [ ] ] eight [ ] ] to us [ ] d]o the Law and [ ] ]the Law[ ]

]

Frg. 18 1. 2.

[ [

]the portion of his Land, for he will not be vindicated[ ] the ways of all [ ]

Frg. 19 2. 3.

[ [

] with a sword and to a judgement [ ]place on them [ ]

]

]

]

‫‪C. COMMENTARIES‬‬

‫‪124‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 20‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫לוא בא[ ֵמ ֵת ולוא בצדקה‬ ‫[ויהי קצף גדול על מעשי הדור‬ ‫לה ֵבער עליהים‬ ‫[ולב‪ [ ]°‬ולאיבו ֵ‬ ‫[ל] [שא ֵו] [ליאי‬ ‫ובל]‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 21‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[ו‪]°° °‬‬ ‫קללת]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[בכול‬ ‫[ורוחותיהם ‪]°‬‬ ‫[יש אל עושה ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ל] [‪ֵ [ ]°‬הלר]‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 22‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫מ‬ ‫בקדוש]‬ ‫וגם אף‬ ‫[‬ ‫[כיא הוא ברא את כול]‬ ‫[נו טרם הייתם ובע‪]°‬‬ ‫אמר]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ול‬ ‫[ ִל]‬ ‫[ ‪]° °‬‬

‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 23‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫להיות]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫שמ ֵתי ִֵה‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫[כלותם] [ל] [‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 24‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[מ‪]°° °‬‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬ץ עיצים‪]°‬‬ ‫[ציון ‪]°°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 26‬‬

‫‪Frg. 25‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[ה ‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬תיו]‬ ‫[‪°‬ות]‬ ‫[מארץ]‬ ‫[‪°‬ו בת]‬ ‫[‪ °‬אש]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫[ ‪]°‬‬ ‫[לאר]‬ ‫[באש]‬ ‫•‬ ‫אא פת]‬ ‫[‪°‬‬ ‫•‬ ‫לטם ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫[הל‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪]°°°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 28‬‬

‫‪Frg. 27‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[שפטו]‬ ‫[‪°‬ורם]‬ ‫וכה]‬ ‫[ ִת ֵ‬ ‫[ל ‪ °‬ו]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ ‪]°‬‬ ‫לי בעבוד ה]‬ ‫‪[ ]°°‬ל]‬

4Q176

125

Frg. 20 1. 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [ [

not in tru]th and not in righteousness ] and there was great wrath upon the works of the generation ] and to his enemies to kindle against them ]and[ ] [ ]

Frg. 21 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [

]in all the curse of[ ] ]and their spirits [ ] ]there is a God that does [

]

Frg. 22 1. 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [ [

] and even in the temple[ ] ]because He created everything[ ] us before you were and [ ] ] he said[ ]

Frg. 24 2. 3.

[ [

]

Frg. 23 ] trees [ ] ]Zion [ ]

2. 3.

[ [

]I appointed her to be[ ]make an end of them[

Frg. 25

4.

Frg. 28 2.

to me for [

[

]from the land[

Frg. 27 ]

1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

]they judged[ ] ] and high[ ] ]her midst[ ]

]

] ]

‫‪C. COMMENTARIES‬‬

‫‪126‬‬

‫‪Frg. 29‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ואו ‪]°‬‬ ‫[או ‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 30‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪Frg. 31‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫[כפ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°°‬ל]‬ ‫ומרפה]‬ ‫[ ִה ֵ‬ ‫[‪]°°°‬‬

‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪°‬מה‬ ‫[‬ ‫א[לוהים ]‬

‫‪Frg. 32‬‬

‫]‬ ‫‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[שט‪ °‬וא‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵאות כי]‬ ‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 34‬‬

‫‪Frg. 33‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ִיר]‬ ‫ל]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ֵכאפס]‬ ‫[יונים]‬

‫‪Frg. 35‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪°‬ת‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬הולל]‬

‫‪Frg. 36‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫מים]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬‬ ‫[‪°‬לד‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[ישר]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪Frg. 38‬‬

‫‪Frg. 37‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬לש‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ ל]‬ ‫‪Frg. 39‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[רי]‬ ‫[‪ °‬ף ק ]‬ ‫[‪°‬ו ‪]°°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 40‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪°‬שנִ א]‬ ‫[אדם ]‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 41‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫כיא]‬ ‫[ל]‬

‫‪Frg. 42‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[וחי]‬ ‫[ ֵרי ע‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°°‬ה‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 43‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ים ה]‬ ‫[‪°‬יאים]‬

‫‪Frg. 44‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫תם]‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬‬ ‫[ל ]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[‪°‬וֵל]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪Frg. 46‬‬

‫‪Frg. 45‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ֵם]‬ ‫[‪°‬סו‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 48‬‬

‫‪Frg. 47‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫[ע א]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[וי‪]°‬‬ ‫[וֵל]‬

4Q176

127

Frg. 30 3.

[

] and he leaves[

]

Frg. 32 2.

[

Frg. 31 ]sign because[

] 3.

[

G]od[

]

Frg. 34 1. 2.

[ [

]as nothing[ ]doves[ ]

]

Frg. 35 2.

[

] foolish[

Frg. 38 1.

[

]straight[

]

Frg. 40 1. 2.

[ [

] hated[ ] ]man [ ]

Frg. 42 1.

[

Frg. 41 ]and live[

]

1.

for[

]

]

‫‪C. COMMENTARIES‬‬

‫‪128‬‬

‫‪Frg. 49‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫[‪ֵ °‬ד‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 50‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫מל ֵח ֵמכי]‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫[ה ֵן ‪]°°°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 51‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫בר‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵל]‬

‫‪Frg. 52‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫יב]‬ ‫[אין ֵ‬

‫‪Frg. 53‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪]°°°‬‬ ‫[ ֵל‪°‬יש]‬

‫‪Frg. 54‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ִכ ִו ֵל]‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 55‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ה ֵן ‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 56‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[שב]‬ ‫[ל]‬

‫‪Frg. 57‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬א]‬

‫‪4Q253a (4QCommMal) ed. G. Brooke, DJD XXII‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1 Col. i‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫אז נדברו יראי יהוה איש אל רעה[ ֵו ויקשב‬ ‫]‬ ‫]יהוה וישמע ויכתב ספר זכרון לפניו ליראי יהוה ולחשבי שמו[ והיו לי‬ ‫]אמר יהוה צבאות ליום אשר אני עושה סגלה וחמלתי ע[ליהם כאשר‬ ‫]יחמול איש על בנו העובד אותו ושבתם וראיתם [בין צדיק לרשע‬ ‫[הצדק ועל ‪] °°‬‬ ‫]בין עובד אלוהים לאשר לוא עבדו‬

‫י‬ ‫ואשר· מישראל אשר יא]‬ ‫·‬ ‫יגיש את דמו אל ]‬ ‫[ ל]‬ ‫ההוא]‬ ‫‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 1 Col. ii‬‬

4Q253a

129

Frg. 50 1. 2.

[ [

]from your bread[ ]they [ ]

]

Frg. 52 2.

[

]no [

]

Frg. 54 1.

[

]all[

]

Frg. 55 2.

[

]they [

]

4Q253a (4QCommMal) trans. G. Brooke Frg. 1 Col. i 1. [ ‘Then those who revered the Lord spoke, each to] his [neighbour. The Lord] attended 2. [and listened, and a book of remembrance was written before him of those who revered the Lord and thought on his name.] They shall be mine, 3. [says the Lord of hosts, a special possession on the day when I act, and I will show pity o]n them as 4. [a man shows pity on his son who serves him. Then once more you shall see the difference ]between the righteous and the wicked, 5. [between one who serves God and one who does not serve him.’ (Mal 3:16-18) ] of righteousness and concerning [

Frg. 1 Col. ii 1. and {he who} a man of Israel who 2. he brings its blood to [ 3. that[ ] l [

[

‫‪130‬‬

‫‪D. HALAKHIC MIDRASH‬‬

‫‪4Q249 (4Qpap cryptA Midrash Sefer Moshe) ed. S. Pfann,‬‬ ‫‪DJD XXXV‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1 verso‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫ספר ִמוִשה‬ ‫מדרש ִ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫‪Frg. 2‬‬

‫‪Frg. 1 recto‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫[‪]°°°°‬‬ ‫את]‬ ‫חלץ ִ‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫בית ונתץ]‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫כ[ ִל אשר אין ִב]‬ ‫מש[ ֵפט אחד ‪] vacat‬‬ ‫[ ֵר תמות ובי‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִר וֵאם בח]‬ ‫[ ֵא ִת] [יֵת ?‪vac]at‬‬ ‫[ ִר]‬ ‫[ה‪]°‬‬ ‫[נ ]‬ ‫[ ֵמשפט ‪]°‬‬ ‫[בבית]‬ ‫מיה]‬ ‫[ ִר ִ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9a‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫[ ִת ‪]°‬‬ ‫וה]ק[יֵר]‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫[ ‪] vacat‬‬ ‫[י ִֵרד ִביֵת ]‬ ‫הקע ִרו ֵֵרת ֵה]‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫[חת הי ֵר]‬ ‫[ע בו לה]‬ ‫מבית]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ים ִואת]‬ ‫[‪]°°[ ]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 4‬‬

‫‪Frg. 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ ִמ ֵת]‬ ‫[ר ֵב]‬ ‫דר]‬ ‫[ ִח ִ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬ני ִִמ]‬ ‫[ ֵחד ִל]‬ ‫[ ִבית ‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 8‬‬

‫‪Frg. 7‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[ו ִִה ִש]‬ ‫[הנ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬כ ות]‬ ‫[ ִה]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[בג]‬ ‫[ ק ִנ]אה‪/‬ת‬ ‫שר]‬ ‫[ ִא ִ‬ ‫[ ִר]‬

4Q249

131

D. HALAKHIC MIDRASH

4Q249 (4Qpap cryptA Midrash Sefer Moshe) trans. S. Pfann Frg. 1 verso 1. Midrash of the book of Moses (square script)

Frg. 4

Frg. 3

3. ]room[ 4. ]house [

Frg. 8 2. ] en[vy 3. ]which[

‫‪D. HALAKHIC MIDRASH‬‬

‫‪Frg. 9b Col. i‬‬

‫‪Frg. 9a‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫ִא]‬ ‫אמ]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ו‪]°‬‬ ‫ה]‬ ‫א]‬ ‫ל]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪°‬‬ ‫[לם‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ ֵה‬

‫‪Frg. 9b Col. ii‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ֵע]‬ ‫ִא]‬ ‫ִי]‬ ‫‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 10‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ֵר]‬ ‫למ]‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫[וכ ֵו]‬

‫‪Frg. 11a‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫לח]‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫קר]‬ ‫[ ִש ֵ‬ ‫[ ִש]‬

‫‪Frg. 11b‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫[מ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ו ִֵרה]‬ ‫[ ֵשמ ֵר]‬ ‫‪Frg. 13‬‬

‫‪Frg. 12‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[ ֵו]‬ ‫[י ִִא ]‬ ‫[ ֵמ ֵת]‬ ‫[ ֵקצ ִו]‬ ‫אב]‬ ‫[ ֵה ֵ‬ ‫[‪] °‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪Frg. 14‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[ו ]‬ ‫[ו ִִא]‬ ‫ספ]‬ ‫[ ֵי ִ‬ ‫[ ֵכא]שר כתוב‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬ר ֵו]‬

‫‪132‬‬

‫[ ‪]°[ ]°°‬‬ ‫[ ֵצ וִהיֵת]‬ ‫לבת]‬ ‫[הם ֵ‬ ‫[ ‪] vacat‬‬ ‫כתוב]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫כ[ ֵאשר‬ ‫[‪°‬ר וכ ִי ר]‬ ‫[יחלוִ ]‬

4Q249

133

Frg. 11a 2. ]lie[

Frg. 13

4. 5. 6. 7.

]vacat[ j]ust as it is written[ ] and because [ ]They shall begin(?) [

Frg. 14

4. ]a[s it is written

‫‪134‬‬

‫‪E. OTHER EXEGETICAL TEXTS‬‬

‫‪4Q175 (4QTest) ed. J. M. Allegro, DJD V‬‬ ‫‪Paragraph markers appear at the beginning of lines 1, 9, 14, 21.‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬

‫וידבר • • • • אל מושה לאמור שמעת את קול דברי‬ ‫העם הזה אשר דברו אליכה היטיבו כול אשר דברו‬ ‫מי ינתן ויהיה לבבם זה להם לירא אותי ולשמור את כול‬ ‫מצותי כול היומים למעאן יטב להמ ולבניהם לעולם‬ ‫נבי אקים לאהםה מקרב אחיהםה כמוכה ונתתי דברי‬ ‫בפיהו וידבר אליהםה את כול אשר אצונו והיה האיש‬ ‫אשר לוא ישמע אל דברי אשר ידבר הנבי בשמי אנוכי‬ ‫אדרוש מעמו ‪vac‬‬ ‫וישא משלו ויאמר נאום בלעם בנבעור ונאם הגבר‬ ‫שהתם העין נואם שומע אמרי אל וידע דעת עליון אשר‬ ‫מחזה שדי יחזה נופל וגלו עין אראנו ולוא עתהא‬ ‫ויקומ‬ ‫אשורנו ולוא קרוב דרך כוכב מיעקוב שבט מישראל ומחץ‬ ‫פאתי מואב וקרקר את כול בני שית ‪vac‬‬ ‫וללוי אמר הבו ללוי תמיך ואורך לאיש חסידך אשר‬ ‫נסיתו במסה ותרבהו על מי מריבההאמר לאביו ‪///‬‬ ‫ע‬ ‫‪ ///‬ולאמו לידתיכהו ואת אחיו לוא הכיר ואת בנו לוא‬ ‫ויאירו‬ ‫ידע כי שמר אמרתכה ובריתך ינצר משפטיך ליעקוב‬ ‫י‬ ‫י‬ ‫וכלל על מזבחך‬ ‫ישם)ו( קטורה באפך‬ ‫תורתכה לישראל‬ ‫מתנים‬ ‫ברך • • • • חילו ופעל ידו תרצה מחץ קמו ומשנאו‬ ‫בל יקומו ‪vac‬‬

4Q175

135

E. OTHER EXEGETICAL TEXTS

4Q175 (4QTest) trans. J. M. Allegro with M. Wise, M. Abegg, E. Cook, and N. Gordon

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

‘And the Lord said to Moses, You have heard the words of this people, which they have spoken to you; they are right in all that they have spoken. If only they had such a mind as this, to fear Me and to keep all My commandments always, so that it might go well with them and with their children forever!’ (Deut 5:28-29 = Exod 20:18 Sam. Pent.) ‘I will raise up for them a prophet like you from among their own people; I will put My words in his mouth, and he shall speak to them everything that I command him. Anyone who does not heed the words that the prophet shall speak in my name, I Myself will hold accountable.’ (Deut 18:18-19 = Exod 20:18 Sam. Pent.) vacat ‘So he uttered his oracle, saying: The oracle of Balaam son of Beor, the oracle of the man who sees clearly, the oracle of one who hears the words of God, and knows the knowledge of the Most High, who sees the vision of the Almighty, who falls down, but with his eye uncovered: I see him, but not now; I behold him, but not near - a star shall come out of Jacob, and a sceptre shall rise out of Israel; it shall crush the borderlands of Moab, and tear down all the Shethites.’ (Num 24:15-17) vacat ‘And of Levi he said: Give to Levi Your Thummim, and Your Urim to Your loyal one, whom You tested at Massah, with whom You contended at the waters of Meribah; who said of his father and mother, I know them not; he ignored his kin, and did not acknowledge his children. For he observed Your word, and kept Your covenant. They shall cause Your ordinances to shine for Jacob, Your law for Israel; they place incense before You, and whole burnt offerings on Your altar. Bless his substance, O Lord, and accept the work of his hands; crush the loins of his adversaries, of those that hate him, so that they do not rise again.’ (Deut 33:8-11) vacat

‫‪E. OTHER EXEGETICAL TEXTS‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬

‫‪136‬‬

‫‪ vac‬בעת אשר כלה ישוע להלל ולהודות בתהלותיהו‬ ‫ויאמר ארור היש אשר יבנה את העיר הזות בבכורו‬ ‫איש‬ ‫ייסדנה ובצעירו יציב דלתיה ואנה ארור אחר בליעל‬ ‫עומד להיות פ]ח י[קוש לעמו ומחתה לכול שכניו ועמד‬ ‫לה[יות שניהמה כלי חמס ושבו ובנו את‬ ‫]‪°[°°‬מ‪]°‬‬ ‫]העיר הזות ויצ[יִבו לה חומה ומגדלים לעשות לעוז רשע‬ ‫]ורעה גדלה [בישראל ושערוריה באפרים וביהודה‬ ‫]‬ ‫וע[שו חנופה בארץ ונצה גדולה בבני‬ ‫]יעקוב ושפכו ד[ם כמים על חל בת ציון ובחוק‬ ‫י ֵֵרושלמ‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪4Q339 (4QList of False Prophets ar) ed. M. Broshi and‬‬ ‫‪A. Yardeni, DJD XIX‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫יאי ]ש[קרא ִדי קמו ִב]ישראל[‬ ‫ִנ ִב ִ‬ ‫ִבלעם ]בן[ בעור‬ ‫]ה[זֵקן ִמביתאל‬ ‫]צד[ ִקיה בן ִכ]נ[ ֵענִ ה‬ ‫]אחא[ ִב בן ק]ול[י ִֵה‬ ‫שיה‬ ‫קיה בן ֵמ]ע[ ִ‬ ‫]צד[ ִ‬ ‫]שמעיה הנ[ ִח ִל ִמי‬ ‫]חנניה בן עז[וִר‬ ‫]נביאה די מן גב[עון‬

‫‪4Q559 (4QpapBibChronology ar) ed. E. Cook‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫י[שחק יעק]ב‬ ‫[‪ 5‬בא]רע‬ ‫[לח שנין ‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 2‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]בר ש[נין ‪]20‬‬ ‫]ויש[חק ב]ר שנין‬ ‫]בר שני[ן ‪] 65‬‬ ‫] [חנו]ך‬

4Q559 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

137

vacat At the time when Joshua finished praising and giving thanks with his praises, he said, Cursed be the man who builds this city; ‘with his firstborn shall he lay its foundation, and with his last-born shall he set up its gates’ (Josh 6:26). And behold, a man accursed, the one Belial, shall arise to be a fowl[er’s sn]are to his people, and destruction to all his neighbours. And he shall arise [ ] that the two of them may be instruments of violence. And they shall return and build [this city and will es]tablish for it a wall and towers, to create a refuge of wickedness [and a great evil] in Israel, and a horrible thing in Ephraim, and in Judah [ and they] shall cause pollution in the land, and great contempt among the sons of [Jacob, and they shall pour out bl]ood like water on the rampart of the daughter of Zion, and in the boundary of vacat Jerusalem.

4Q339 (4QList of False Prophets ar) trans. M. Broshi and A. Yardeni 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

The false prophets who arose in [Israel] Balaam [son of] Beor [the] Old Man from Bethel [Zede]kiah son of Cha[na]anah [Aha]b son of K[ol]iah [Zede]kiah son of Ma[a]seiah [Shemaiah the Ne]hlemite [Hananiah son of Az]ur, [a prophet from Gib]eon

4Q559 (4QpapBibChronology ar) trans. M. Wise, M. Abegg, and E. Cook Frg. 1 1. [ I]saac Jaco[b 2. [ X +]5 in [the] la[nd of 3. [ ] years [

Frg. 2 2. 3. 4. 5.

20 [+ X ye]ars [old [and Isa]ac [was X years o]ld 65 [year]s [old [ ]Eno[ch

‫‪E. OTHER EXEGETICAL TEXTS‬‬

‫‪138‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 3‬‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫] ולוי בר שני[ן] [‪ 4‬א]ולד‬ ‫]בר שנין [‪ 5‬אולד ית עמ]ר[ם ועמ]רם בר שנין‬ ‫] אולד[ ית אהרון ואהר]ו[ן נפק ממצ]רין‬ ‫] [אלן ‪ 11‬לף ‪] 536‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 4‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫] [מן א‪]°‬‬ ‫] [ ח ש‪]°‬‬ ‫] [ דנא] [‪]° 10°‬‬ ‫] [ ‪°‬‬ ‫‪ 34‬בגלגל א ‪]10‬‬ ‫מית]‬ ‫] [ שנין ‪ 20‬ומן די ֵ‬ ‫] [כוש רשעתים מלך ]ארם נהרין‬ ‫] שני[ן ‪ 8‬עתניאל ב]ר קנז‬ ‫]שנין ‪[ 80‬עגלון מלך מואב שנ]ין ‪18‬‬ ‫]אה[וד בר גרא שנין ‪ 80‬שמ]גר בר ענת‬ ‫‪Frg. 5‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‪ֵ ° °‬מן ‪]°‬‬ ‫שנ[ין ‪ 40‬ת]‬ ‫[ל]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[שנין ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪]40‬‬

‫‪Frg. 6‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

4Q559 Frg. 3 7. 8. 9. 10.

[ And Levi was X +] 4 [year]s [old]. He [begot [was X +]5 [years old when] he begot Am[ra]m and Am[ram was x years old [ he begot] Aaron and Aaron went forth from Eg[ypt [ ] these [were] 11 thousand 536 [

Frg. 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

[ ] from [ [ ] [ ] this [ ] 10 [ [ ] 34 in Gilgal 10 [+ X [ ] 20 years; and when [ ] died [ [ ] Kush Rishathaim king of [Aram Naharain [ ] 8 [year]s Othniel s[on of Kenaz [80 years;] Eglon king of Moab [18 yea]rs [Eh]ud the son of Gera 80 years, Sham[gar son of Anath

Frg. 5 1. [ ] from [ 2. [ ] 40 [yea]rs [

Frg. 6 1. [ ] years [ 2. [ ]40 [

139

‫‪140‬‬

‫‪F. UNCLASSIFIED TEXTS‬‬

‫‪3Q4 (3QpIsa) ed. M. Baillet, DJD III‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫חזון ישעיה בן א]מוץ אשר חזה על יהודה וירושלם בימי עזיה[‬ ‫[‬ ‫ויותם אחז ֵו ֵי]חזקיה מלכי יהודה‬ ‫[‬ ‫]י[שע]יה [נבא ע]ל יהודה וירושלם‬ ‫[‬ ‫ל]עזי[ה מלך יהו]דה‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ ‪] vacat‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫המשפ ֵט]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]י[וִם‬ ‫[‬ ‫] [ל] [ה ֵו‪]°‬‬

‫‪4Q247 (4QPesher on the Apocalypse of Weeks) ed. M. Broshi,‬‬ ‫‪DJD XXXVI‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫קץ ח[קוק ]בלוחות השמים‬ ‫החמ]ישי ובסופו‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ֵא השבוע‬ ‫ואחריו יב[ו ֵ‬ ‫שנים שמונים ו[ ִארבע מאות שלוִ ]מוה יבנה את המקדש‬ ‫צד[ ֵקיה מלך יהודה ]יגלה‬ ‫[ ֵבני לוי ועם הא ֵר]ץ‬ ‫מל]ך[ כתיים ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫[ול] [ ֵה יא]‬

‫‪4Q172 (4QpUnid) ed. J. M. Allegro, DJD V‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫א[ ֵמר כול]‬ ‫ואשר] אמר‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫רעב‬ ‫[ ֵבעת ִ‬ ‫היא ֵה ֵה ֵצ‪]°°‬‬ ‫פש[ ֵרו ֵ‬ ‫יא[ ֵספו את צ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪ °°°‬אשר האו‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵתו ִֵכ ִן כבגד על הא]‬ ‫[‪ °‬ו ]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪Frg. 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

4Q172

141

F. UNCLASSIFIED TEXTS

3Q4 (3QpIsa) trans. N. Gordon Frg. 1 1. ‘The vision of Isaiah the son of A[moz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah,] 2. Jotham, Ahaz, and He[zekiah, kings of Judah.’ (Isa 1:1) ] 3. [I]sa[iah ]prophesied con[cerning Judah and Jerusalem ] 4. of [Uzzia]h king of Ju[dah ] 5. [ ] vacat [ ] 6. the [D]ay of Judgement[ ]

4Q247 (4QPesher on the Apocalypse of Weeks) trans. M. Broshi 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

[ A period en]graved [in the heavenly tablets [ And after it shall co]me the fif[th] week [and at its end [ Years eighty and] four hundred Solo[mon shall build the Temple [ Zede]kiah king of Judah [shall go into exile [ ]sons of Levi and the people of the lan[d [ ]ki[ng] of Kittim [

4Q172 (4QpUnid) trans. J. M. Allegro with N. Gordon Frg. 1 1. 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [ [

he s]aid all[ ] ]in the time of famine and that which [he said ] Its [inter]pretation: it is the [ ] and they shall gat]her together [ ]

Frg. 2 1. 2.

[ [

]that [ ] ]fastened like a garment upon the [

]

]

‫‪F. UNCLASSIFIED TEXTS‬‬

‫‪142‬‬

‫‪Frg. 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ביד]‬ ‫[ ִכות ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵת ֵרבות מלכות ִו]‬

‫‪Frg. 4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫יות ֵו ֵעמם]‬ ‫[ ִב ִה ִ‬ ‫[העול ברחו]‬ ‫עמורה]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[פחז‬ ‫[בוערת וגם ִכ‪]°‬‬ ‫[לבבם ‪vac‬‬ ‫[‪°°‬יתי ב‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪ִ °‬נימים ֵא]‬ ‫הבש]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ה בה‬ ‫מה]‬ ‫[כול ִ‬

‫‪Frg. 6‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ֵם‬ ‫[י ֵ‬ ‫[שקר ומ]‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 7‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[מורה ה]‬ ‫[ ֵש כול]‬

‫‪Frg. 8‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[להוש ִי]ע‬ ‫[ ֵד]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[ ִמהותלות]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪Frg. 10‬‬

‫‪Frg. 9‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫שובם]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫שואגים]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ד ‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 11‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[את]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[ ֵדעה]‬

‫‪Frg. 12‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫[ ֵכול]‬ ‫?‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 14‬‬

‫‪Frg. 13‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫פשר]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫[על]‬

‫‪4Q183 (4QMidrEschate?) ed. J. M. Allegro, DJD V‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫[ם‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪Col. ii‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫אויביהם ויטמאו את מקדשם]‬ ‫מהם ויקומו למלחמות איש]‬ ‫בבריתו הושיע אל וימלט]‬ ‫רצון ויתן להם לב אחד ללכ]ת‬

4Q183 Frg. 3

Frg. 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ [ [ [ [

]when he is with them[ ] ]iniquity have fled[ ] ]lasciviousness of Gomorrah[ ]burning, and also [ ] ]their heart vacat

[

]falsehood and [

Frg. 8 1.

[

[

[ [

] by the hand[ ] ]the increase of his kingdom[

]

]

2. 3.

[ [

] in her, the [ ]all that[ ]

]

Frg. 7 ]to sav[e

]

Frg. 10 1.

1. 2.

Frg. 5

Frg. 6 2.

143

1. 2.

[ [

]Teacher of[ ] all[ ]

]

]their return[ ]roaring[ ]

]

]knowledge[

]

Frg. 9 ]mocked[

]

1. 2.

[ [

Frg. 12 1.

[

]all[

]

Frg. 13

Frg. 14 1. 2.

[ [

] interpretation[ ] ]concerning[ ]

1.

[

4Q183 (4QMidrEschate?) trans. J. M. Allegro with N. Gordon

Frg. 1 Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4.

their enemies. And they defiled their sanctuary [ ] from them, and they arose for wars of man [ ] against his covenant. God has saved and delivered [ favour and gave to them a single heart to wal[k ]

]

]

‫‪F. UNCLASSIFIED TEXTS‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫‪144‬‬

‫כול הון רשעה וינזרו מדר]ך‬ ‫תועי רוח ובלשון האמת ‪]°‬‬ ‫וירצו את עוונם בנגיע ֵי]הם‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫עוונם‬ ‫רד]‬ ‫וֵאשר אמר ֵ‬ ‫[‪]°[ ]°[ ]°°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫יהוה ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫[יִם ‪]°°°‬‬ ‫שמ]‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫‪Frg. 3‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[יהו]ה‬

‫‪4Q462 (4QNarrative C) ed. M. Smith, DJD XIX‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫יפת]‬ ‫את שם וא[ ִת חם ואת ִ‬ ‫ויזכוִר ]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ ליעקוב ויא] [‪°°‬‬ ‫יאמר]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‪°°‬ם לישרא]ל [ ‪ vacat‬בכן‬ ‫לוקח]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‪°‬יֵם רוֵקמה הלכנו כי‬ ‫ה‬ ‫[ לעבדים ליעקוב בא ִב]ה‬ ‫של ] [‪°°°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬תנה לרבים לנחלה • • • • המו ִ‬ ‫ואת ֵה ֵא ֵר ֵץ]‬ ‫[‪°‬כבודו אשר מאחד ימלא את המים ֵ‬ ‫לכדו עמו היה האור עמהם ועלינו היה]‬ ‫[ל את הממשלה ֵ‬ ‫יואמר]ו‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫עבר ק[ץ החושך וקץ האור בא ומשלו לעולם על כן‬ ‫החביב יעק]וב‬ ‫[ל]י[שראל ִכי בתוכנו היה עם ִ‬ ‫[יהםה ויעבודו ויתקימו ויזעקו אל • • • • ‪]°‬‬ ‫[והנה נתנו במצרים שנית בקצ ממלכה ויתק ֵי]מו‬ ‫יו[ ֵשבי פלשת ומצרים לבזה וחורבה ֵויֵעמיֵדוֵה]‬ ‫לרוֵמם לרשע בעבור תקבל טמ]אה‪/‬את‬ ‫[ ֵמיֵר ֵ‬ ‫ֵה ועדה ובגדיה]‬ ‫[ה ועז פניה ותשנה בזיו ֵ‬ ‫[‪°‬יֵם ואת אשר עשתה לה ֵכן טמאת הע‪]°‬‬ ‫נ[שנאתה כאשר היתה לפני הבנותה]‬ ‫—— ירושלם ה‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ‪ vacat‬ויזכור את ישרא‬

4Q462 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

145

all wealth of wickedness, and they separated themselves from the wa[y ] those who err in spirit and with a truthful tongue [ ] and they expiated their iniquity by [their] afflictions [ ] their iniquity. vacat [ ] and as it says [ ]

Frg. 2 1.

[

]the Lord [

]

Frg. 3 1.

[

]the Lor[d

]

4Q462 (4QNarrative C) trans. M. Smith Frg. 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

[ Shem and] Ham and Japhet[ [ ] for Jacob and he [ ] and he remembered [ [ ] for Israe[l. ] vacat Then it will be said [ [ ] With embroidered robe we went, for taking[ [ ] for slaves, for Jacob with lov[e [ he will] give it to many as a heritage. YHWH who rules [ [ ]his glory which secretly will fill the waters and the earth[ [ ] they captured the kingdom with him; the light was with them and upon us was[ [ passed is the per]iod of the darkness and the period of the light is coming; and they will rule forever; therefore let [them] say[ [ ]to(?) [I]srael, for among us was the people of the beloved one, Jac[ob [ ] their [ ] and they will serve and they will endure and they will cry to YHWH [ [ ]and then they were delivered into Egypt a second time in a royal period and they endur[ed [ inhabi]tants of Philistia and Egypt [made her] a spoil and a ruin and they/he will restore her (?)[ [ ] to raise up wickedness in order that she may receive unclean[ness [ ] her discontent will be changed in splendour, and her uncleanness and her garments [ [ ] and what she did to her, so the impurity of the [ [ ] she was hated just as she was before she was built [ [ ] vacat and he will remember Israe —— Jerusalem [

146

F. UNCLASSIFIED TEXTS Frg. 2

Frg. 3

]°‫ין ה‬°[ ]°[ ] ‫מ‬°[

1 2

Frg. 5

]°‫ כן יו‬°[ ]°° ‫[ ֵויֵאובדו‬ ]° ° [

3

]‫[ ובץ‬

1

]‫[ ֵל‬

1

1 2

Frg. 4

]‫[ כול‬ ]‫[ מ] [ ֵן‬

2

]‫ל‬°[

1

1

Frg. 7

Frg. 6

4Q462

147

Frg. 2 1. ] thus [ 2. ] and they perished [