This content was uploaded by our users and we assume good faith they have the permission to share this book. If you own the copyright to this book and it is wrongfully on our website, we offer a simple DMCA procedure to remove your content from our site. Start by pressing the button below!
B BHLe lpaBoro noJrylxapH.fl fonoBHofo Mo3ra, a rotlr:rvt u [paBIxI4 - tleBoro. tr4ueurro Kopa /IoMUHaHT'HO|O nOJIyIxapHg coAep)Kr.rT IIeHTpbI yTIp aBJIeHr{q per{bro. I4uenso oHrr Heclr orBercrBeHllocrb 3a "ro, KaK Bocnpr4FrHMaeTCSt14 BOCnpoH3BO4vI^tcttqeroBeKoM ycTHaq H rrHCbMeHrIal perrb. Kor4a Nt'I o6lscHfleucx, Qylxqr4orrnpyer BbrcoKoopraHl43oBaHHas. cHcreMa, Koropajl cocToHT r43 qepe[]ro-Mo3roBblx HepBoB v YTpaBnfler <pa3roBopHbIMt't'> MbIIITIIaMT{.
K npurr.repy,ArLsrofo .{to6H cna3arb <'oIi'>,HytKHa craxeH H afl p a6or a npu6 nwzureJlbHo B0 uuuru. Ecnu xaxasKocHynacb per{eBblx LIeHTpoB B Kope nw6y!.a 6oleant roJroBHoro Mo3fa, riaqkrtraer aKTlrBHo pa3BuBarbcn AQaglf - paccrpollcrno CeilCoplldfl peql4. EcttupassuBaercq aQagatl, qetloBeK npeKpaqae'r opaeHTuIpoBarbcs B try;rofiycrrrofiHru{cL,MeHHolipevuI. Ho npu SToM oH coxpaorA enbH bl x K n p o n 3 rl o me H u l o H-fl er c noc o6s oc rs qeJIr{KoM noA KoHllH IroJIHocrbIo OArtaxo Aep)Karb Qpas. poJIeM cBoro per{b oH He Mox(eT, H npoqBn.fieTcs 3To B I'IeHMoBepHori ronoplnBocrr.t, TaK Ha3blBaeuofi croeecuolz
oKporrrKe. lUlonopaan a$a3utl xapaKrepx3yercs HeMollpu arorr orpaHarofr uttt peqeBbIMHsarpyAHeHnflNrvr. qr4Baercs cronaprrr,Ill 3?,nac, npu o6uleHl'Iu qeroBeK nog6upaer ueo6xogultble cJIoBa.Tarne )Ke 3aT.rr)KeJro Tpyrq,HelIHtIrro-fiB.rlslorc$u r'pu rII4cbMe.Teu ne MeHee ocMbrcJreHrzeco6creel{Hblx H qy)Kl-{x Qpas ocraercx. 14naxoHerl, eule oglra (topr'aa aQa:l'tw - AlnflecnU'leCKdll. xorya qeroBeK He Mo)Kel' BcTIoMHHTF,rra3Balrufl' rpeilMc'r'ou rutw seulefi. B 1871 r. npau-ueBpotlor Ns lep-
Nrar:Vrv R Bepnaxe ua6mogat naqHeHToB, Koropble orBer{aru tla nocraBneHHble tsoflpocbr 6ecciuutclel{HblM Ha6opou 3ByKoB.Sro 6r,tlo BbI3BaHonoBpelKAeHHeM 30Hbr, Koropa fl :uaxo nnracs s6 rwsu 3oI{bI E poxa. 14sa6o te I{MeHeM Bepunre. BaHHe, u f{acroK Mo3ra Ha3r,alrl,z'
Taxwr,ro6paaou: 1) uosr KoHl'poJll{pyer
uq reJla' MrIcJIH v pa3nla.l.4,BlDKeH
HbIC ITVBCTBA LIC'IOBCKA:
2) c'rnol rorloBl{oro Mo3fa, Mo3)I(eqoK, lul'r6utrecrpo notytua;suit Mox(Ho c'aLrtarb cr4creMy 14Kopy 6olturnx MO3fa; TOJIOBHOTO IouIHMt4 cocTatsJlfl ocHoBHbIMH gwrxeuafi; npaBHJIbHocrF, 3a orBeqaer Mosxe.roK J) 4) sttorylz.u r{axoA-src.fl rroA KoHTpoJIeM JIHM6vqecroDi CI{CTCMbI,
Bau crroeapu] lletiponu - KJIerKLl,Koropble nepeAalor rlrrQopmartHro ro BCeMyTe.[y. Dtuaamerc K enKa - KJIerKLt,o6ecre'{Hsaloqne iloA3auIHTyLI trvl'attue HeIZpoHoR. /l('plxicy, 'llpddoleoeanuti mme - qacrb crBona rorotsFloro Mo3r':1.Koropa;I BHH3ynepexo/{HTs cnnHuolz Mo3Ea Buepxy MocT. Ir rlapoJrHeB Baporuec mocn cnlDKHTMocroM 4lr o6lrerra nucpopmaqueti
!r KoMaHAaMH
Me)KAy cnHHHbIM
H foJIoRHbIM
MO3rOM.
Cpedaui no\? - pacnoro)I(eH Ha BepIxHHe crBoJIa roJroBr{oroMo3ra. lletipofiuoaoe - l-ue*brfi, xcnoputi 3aHlzMaercfl vrccre/()RalrnqMl-r MO3fa.
daanue llrloee : qafuPosue Macca qeroBer{ecKoro
Mo3fa cocraBrqel
Bcero 2"1"or
MACCbI TCIA.
tra 5-11 n'raccu.- Poct'<-rs cnpaBor{HLIK lrKoJrbHuKa.
*ftr
ol&rq
e.l;rpetzurtrn"oo"+4
ruusrKdtso
opfaH B3pocKan urr yrKe roBopK[rr4, MbrcJrprTerbHbIIZ lsrx lro4eft A.[-f,norHoqensoli ,4efiTenbHocrvr3arpast4Baer rrpHMepuo 2Oo/"eceti aHeprI-IH,Koropyo opraHI43M r{eJroBeKanonyqaer BMecre c rlpoAylcravu nuraaua. OproAoBaJloro pe6eura 3arpasvBaer orolo 60raH MbrcJrr4 7}%rokaHeprr4u, Koroplro noJr) {aer ero opraHusu. KpoMe roro, B Mo3r qeroBeKa nocr)mzer l5o/o KuCropo4a, Koropbrrz BAbrxaerqeJIoBeK. o{ezo&e4urlteelfl o6oe'u K)tttopozo & 9 pa7 'uo7z, 6otuau, za+tg tlfiaat 6pam'e&ruzaba&&u.uepryat
aHarzozutHry re)/ttnzery,uo.
nyre6e. Cnyx6a nepcoHaJla opraHusalrnlZ c nououluto TecroB HHTeJUIeKTaor6upaer rIepcneKTrrBHbIX pa6orHHKOB.
tTpu e?tutotnHo)t n?u-nteHeuuatlnctttu auttelllrerc' unfopvagun mn lapm &epngn }uaznocmuzecrgtro cnocofuocmn6 o6 y,+tcm&euruu4 rcono?ue & npo' mu&ruo'uclryzac/+roa/tu6u 6wmt nenpa&ttttno o4c' Hetlu.
\
Ecrpr g3gtF,npolxeAlxlze 4 ulrr JIer, To llnacc MbICJIHTeJrbHoroopraHa ToMHHHAoByBeJrw.c'vracbs 3-4 pasa4, 1) uosr aBcrpaJrorvrTenaBecun 45O t'; 2) rrosr Homo habilis BecHrI600-700 r; 3) Mosr Homo ercctus Becr4Ir800- 1000 r; 4) erosr rreaHAepraJlbllaBecun 1 100- 1800 r; 5) lrosr coBpeMeHHoroqenoBeKaBecHT1400-2000r; 51 cpegHnir noKa3arerrbpaBeH 1300-1400I
2.2. IIOXHO All l,l3t'lEPllTbI'IHTEMEKT O4rrau H3 noAxo/{oB K aHaJIH3y rzlrnraBv4yaJrbHblx pa3lu.tLrh crana paepa6orxa recroB HHTeJIJIeKTa,Koropble Terrepb rrrupoKo rrcnoJlb3)'Iorcfl B pa3Hblx crpaHax. Pe3yJlbTaT',brTeCTHpOBaHVtT r4crrbrryeMblM, KaK npaBHJIO, HHTeJIJIeKnpeAcraBnrror B BuAe IQ (noaQQwlwewra TyaJrbHoro p a3tsHTws. ). Tecralrz HHTeirJreKTa 3a.racr.p rloJlb3)rorc.fl [cnxororr H rrckrxuaTpbr, KoTopbre npoBoI{-rIT aHarrkr3 yMCTBeHrrauneHToB. VIvtrt )Ke nonb3)rorcfl ner-rbrx crroco6nocreri .{ro6br gereit orIeHL{Tb cnoco6socrvt Aaroil4 Arr.s rofo, aMvp noxprvfrrac:EeceAbro N{npet't efo 3aKoHax.M.: llo;rurns/tu'I, 1976.
Caoe paennrne craHAaprH3HpoBaHHbIe recrbl 'qr-s BbIflBre}J},'A )?oBH.f, HHTe.TUIeKTAno.rryI{vlru c HaqaJroivl ucEune fu@pga cne,qoBaHr4fi QpanqyscKoro f{eHoro Ero 6ruto lg'aqaro XX s. . A Enne cocraBvurua6op recroB, rlplz BbInoJIFIeHI4HKo'ropbrx oqeHl4Balorcs MbIUueHHe, naMqrb, cJloBapHbtit safiac vr Aplrlae KoTHHTHBHUe cnoco6Hocrl4, HaJILrqHe Ko]'Opbrx ueo6xogutrto Mfl sa]HsTuir B lrIKOJIe. Pesyllrarsl ITIKoJIbHbIM AocrHxelecroB Euse coorBercrBoBarv rru.flM. Pe6eHox, c ycnexoM cnpaBnqBlxvtitcs c 3ap.an:4rv'r4 :J.r'rrxTecToB, xopouo ycneBaJl B IITKOJIe. Eurre He 3a4aBurcr qerlblo paspa6ctran' Tecr g.rlfl H3y{er rzr IQ, oH npocro nocrapaJlcx o6HappruTb cpeAu Aerelz 'r'ex, y Kofo, Bo3Mox(Ho, rro.gB.grcg cJIo)KI{ocrH npu o6yreIILTI"I B IIIKONC,
Ou nognepran aHAnv3y HaBbIKH,Koropble' KaK oH ct{H't'Ir. flRltflIrrr(l' aav6ottee Ba)KTIbIMA A]|rtlycnemHoro o6ylrcHu.rr B rxKoJre. BcneA 3a reM 6l'rue rpy,lurctt}]'al\pa3pa(rorr
o{6,-q ru,.qK.,Ho
*ftI
sop@?att'o*o-1ete
Drn recn l AoiDKHbr6wnu He roJrbKo pa3nr'ulr"rb )poBHH ycneBaeMoc'r'H, Ho w AaTbnpofHo3 Tofo, KaK B narbrrefiureirr H3MeHr,rrcqycneBaeMocrr, pe6eHxa B IrIKoJIe. CleAyer orMeruTb, r{To DTor VpoBeHb I{ccJreAoBaHVAHe HMeer Hnr{ero o6rlero c reM, r{To Bce B rracro.flqee BpeMrr Ha3brBaroT u3MepeHHeMUHT'eJI.[eKTa. Tecru ArsQpe4a Erase 6r,rrrl c ycilexoM anpo6uponarrbr MHoTHMHrrcr,txo.rtoraua. Srunv 3 [al'rtr.s.v'l,t6rrcrpo Boop),DKunr4crasuzfr c xLr.ev. aMepHKaHcKue rcuxo;rorr4. Pesyrr,r'a:rrr recf 'oB pellruru o6osH aqralb eAr.rr{brM rroHsTHeM. 9ro ece^,{ r43BecrHoe coqerarrxe ?KoAQQU4Aeiln Afln elWeKnQ, urLr. a66pezuarypa slQt. Kax 6ger cKa3aHo HH)Ke,IQ eucvvrbrBa-rrcfl c noMorrlbio cocraBJreHuJr nporropquu noxa3alelefi yncrnerrrrofo pa3BHTHs.rl. l\aHHbrxxpoHonorHqecKoro Bo3pacTa,pesyJrbl'ar roroporZ yMHoxerr ua 100. B Hacloarqee BpeM-fl rn.rFll'tri IQ uoxHo pacc1s:!.ITaTb Me'I'o.r{aMrr, Ho I.p\ryZ'MLr. BCe oHH npv6eraor K noMoulr4 rxraJrbr e 100 e4l,z.lanal\ 14yr{rrrbrBa}or craHAaprHoe orKJroHesae 16.
(D
. i!..,....
lno aoxno cKasanbo necnax fla lQ?
1.Peayrlrarbr recroB - 3To He npocro 3JreMeHTapHbre noKa3areJrx ycneBaeMoc'r'r.iB yre6Hr,rx 3aBeAeHr{flx,oHH ypoBeur Qyn4aueHlairbrrbrx HrrrenneKeule froKa3brBaror ryanbHbrx cnoco6lrocreri. 2. OcHoeori grHX c[oco6tncrefi rBrurercq raK rra3brsaeN{r,uz o6o6qenuulZ Qaxrop (o6uvHo ero o6ossaqaror B BHAeogo).llol a'rnu QarropoM noHr4Marorlponens o6qero pa3BuTrr.rrHHTeJUreKTa. l. B npegctasreHHofi KoHrlenqrlr4 o4nori H3 ruraBHbtx qBJnrerc.rr roqKa 3peHx.fio roM, v'ro o6u1ee pa3Br4Tlz.e ypoBrlg
HHTCJI.TICKTA NCPCAACTCfl H2 ICHCTHqCCKOM
YPOBHC.
Bropavru're pe3ynbrarl,r MoryT orrr4qarbc.s or nepBbrx no ilpHqHHe crolr
4.l4ttrrenr'erT HeJrb3rpaccMarpr4Barb B Br4Aenpocroro crarricruqecKoro noKa3areJnrHay{Frbrx 4oc"tw}r.cHLli.Os trBlrtrerctrHx ocHoBoh, lr.alr.npaBzno cawofr eaxHori. I4uenHo floaroMy ro o6cro.sreJrt'crBo, rrro nHor.qa c'r\tIeHTbr He Bbr,qarorpe3yJrbraroB,Koropbre 6wnv npeACKagaHsr6laroAapfl.Tecralr IQ, uoxer iloAToJrKlryrbK BbrBoAy o roM, qro cra6ovcneBaroxlr4e norrpocry He 3acraBJrflror pa6orar, csori Mogr no noluoir npofpaMMe. Jlto4u HMeor B cBoeM pacnopffKeHuu Mrroror{HcreHHbre r4HTeJrJrexlyaJrbrrbre cnoco6uocru. BorlrxHHCTBo Hs Hrzx 6es npo6reu KoppeJrnp),ror Apyr c AplroM.
& d-Lla"* i-f
nucmu IQu ltozgn npilcna&unt onrgui pe-
) | Syntnan, ouu onpe)e,,unm ypo&enone o}tozo om- \ ruahurct. 1ettouom *C,
Ha npouxeuww 50 ner aHaJIorHqHbIe recrbl 6ttnw cocraBJrel{br KaK gtx 4elert Bcex Bo3pacrHblx Kareropnfi, ran v Anfl B3pocJIbIX rrcAeii. Drn recrrl rIpHMeH.nJIHCb BO BCeBO3MO'(HbIXCn\ {a.flX, KOTOpbIe 6rrrlr,r Cnn3aHHbr c noJry{eHraeu o6paeoBauns. vI 3auucrer{ueM Ha
crpr6y. Co npeueneM Tecrbr HHTeJIJTeKTacyqecrBer{Ho BHAoH3Mer{HJIr4Ct. HO OCnOBbI, KOTOpbIe HCrIOJIb3OBanr4Cbp-lt'fl. r.rx nocrpoerrnfl\ ocraJlucb HeH3MeHHbIuz. Or6tlpaA Ma'repva\ Koropbrz orBeqaer yMcrBeHHbIM Bo3Mo)KHocrsM ()[peAeneHHof o Ro3pacTa, cileqr4arr4c"fbr cocTaBJIflIor 'f'ecrbr AJrfl B3pocnrix lrcgefi untt gerefi. B coc'ras o6tI'{rroro recra 4;rn pe6eHra ruKoJlbHofo Bo3pacra BXoAflT 32Bep6aJII'HF,Ix yr,leuntl, cnoco6l1av^v,Koropbre rpe6lror rrocTH orrepzpoBaTb MaTeMaTHr{ecKLlMI4 TepMIZHaM}'I u noFrqru.flMu. Kpoue arofo, AerI{ IIoJDI(Iru vmetl a6crpaKTrro paccp{Aarb, a raKx{e HMerb onpeAeneHsslrl sanac QaxruuecKHx cne4eHnl-i. TecruponaHue Mox(er oKa3arb r{e()tleHI,IMyIo noMolrlb B Tex cny{atlx, KorAa Heo6xo4uir'to rIpHIr.f,'l'b llc4lll'ol'vqecKHe pelxeHLrg. rlrv. pe[reHH-fl, KoTopble cBq3aHbl c [po@eccnorra;lbHbIM or6opotnl.
sopeaurt'""oq"+4
0{6ro kuHqKdtro no' O aaietrnocma fitecmnzo&opumcma'fiu.ryoaocmo & umozepeTgttmamo&. I{a0ercnocmt ,llzadtut ogerru&aemutzepeTcpa&neuueumozo?mccmupo64'. q.t
uu.noa*4 u me4rcennLei.
TecraponaHue AoJDKHo npoxoArlTb B pa3Hoe Bpetll-rl, 3 Aa:n:as.He.qoJDKHbI 6strtogunpnqeM r4npeqataeMble HAK O B bI MH .
He yAaercf, Ecnu na onpeAeJIeHHbIe recroBbres4aHas' noJr).4{r'1Tbcra6ultt'tto BepHbIx orBeroB, I4x rreo6xoAHMo recra nepeAaer, KaK norlrqeHHble y6parc. Ha4exHocrb KaK pa3 To, 'r'ro neo6xo.4uMo pe3yJrbrarbr oro6paxaor 6ruro H3Mepvrb. Pazpa6orarb HaAOKHbIit n 3sa'tuttstfi Tecr - cJro)r(Har 3atrasa. TpyAHocru Bo3Hr4KaIor vo4a roro, qro caMo onpeAerreHne noHs"tus. a0flnefuleKnd MHorHe ) {eHble cqnralor cocraBHTeJIH TecroB 3arracrylo cnopHbrM. floerouy c'raonpeAen.flror HaAex{Hocrb recroB (ux zannguocrl) THCThqecK14,T. e. oHH onpeAeJlqlor, 6yger .[r{ BbIrIorHeHHe sagamuh Tecra BsaHMocBfl3aHo (Koppennponarr) c BbrrroJrHeHVeM 3aqa.1 Koropble roxe rpe6ytor onpeAeneHHblx yMcrBeHHbIx cnoco6uocreit, a vMeHHo c ,4ocrmr(eHusMu Bo BpeM-s IrIKotIbHbIx Sansruit. Te sagar{Hq, rro orHoIrIeHHIo K KoropblM TaKoro Qarra He Ha3aMeHe ua 6olee [oAxoAJIlIIHe. 6r-rohaercs,, noMe)I€T Ho soIZ TecroB H HTeJIJIeKTa flBIrfler MI4, oc lpyruu l-t cJIoBa c.r{ oqeHb cKpynyJle3Hltfi or6op tt oqeHKa 3agauuit, ux cocTaBJIqIoxIHx.
lVtrbcmuuHfiie/Lntt(fla.Korna?ueuf)te?tloltt cnocoF Hocmtt,ue no4o1stmua rnecmu1ocmuzcenui,4omo' ?ue ut,r4e?fiomdtntl.ut, noryzet#tue & at4o,,te. Pacurz@poBKa noJr,vqeFIHbIxpe3ynbt'al'oB nonHocrblo 3aBv cLrr or roro, KaK!{e KpHTepHH HCnoJlb3}'Iorcx. llogo6 Hbre Kpr4Tepzlr (o6pa3l{bl, uIrr4 ?'I'aronr,t. peureHna) recra uyreM npoBeAellnfl )"rBepx\qarorctr l\Jrtr lro6oro p'r'r r r? nrr6opru. flocre o aroro vHgr4Br4ryianbHbIM cra rr,qa
pe3ynbraraM [aercs. orIeHKa. Ee norryruaror, cpaBHHBal, KaK C 3THM )Ke TeCTOM CnpABIlf,ilI,'.Cb CBepCTHHI{IIIl3
rpy[-
nbr craHAaprHolZ nsr6oprlr. 9ralonHsre rloKa3arenuI BbrpaxGrorcfl c noMorrlbro npoqe}l"rr4reEl yMcrBeHHoro Bo3pacra v crar,4ap"rHbrx or{eHor. flpoqeurvlrvl cBvIAeTeJrbcrB)'roro rrporleHre nngefi B craHgaprHolZ nsI6opre, KOTOpbrevMeroT noKa3aTerl4 HH)Ke TIpeACTaBJIeHHO|O )poBHJr.Hanpzrrrep, ecJrn 6O/" ntone:i'B rppne craHAapruofi nrr6opKr,r BbrnoJrnrrrornpaBnJrbHo MeHbIrIe 15 sailauuftrecra, To noKa3arem <15>AortlrteHcoorBercrBoBarb 60 npoqeHTvrIrsM, Vt'tc'rseHFlrrfi noapacr (VB) uoxHo onpeAenr4Tbc noMorrlbro cpeAHrrx noKa3areleft onpege.rreHHbrxBo3pacrHbrx fpyrrrr, T.e. ecJII4Ms l3-terHr'Ix 3HaqeHue cpeAHero iloKa3are.rupaBHo 35,ro yqenoBeKa,Koroprrfi noKa3aJrpe3ynrirar 35, yucrneHHoe pa3BHTHe 6,v4ercoorBercrtsoBarb 13 roAan. IQ uoxHo onpeAenaTb c noMoulblo cJIeA)'IoqelZQopMyrbr: IQ:YB: XB x 100, rge XB - Hacro.fluluit, u]trl xpoHonoruqecKufi, Bo3pacr xoaQQat \veHTa vH(nororrry-ro IQ z no.qrur4lr lua3BaHlae TeJrJr eKr)'ar bHoro palsuru n) . Tar, 10 -rer nufi pe6eaoK, noKa3r,Isarol\Lrfr pe 3ynsTarbl 13-rsrrrero,6yrer o6na+an'!ts : 13 a IQ : 130 (13 : 10 x x 100). floexe 3Ty TpaAI4IIHoHHyIoMeroAr{ICyH3MepeHHq3aMeHHJrr4 crarrAaprHop"IotleFlKorl.B prou cnf{ae pa3Hnua Me)Iqy KaqecTBoM BbI fIo.rIHeH I,rtI TecToBbIx 3a.I,AHI.jIl KOrI Kpe'IHbIM qeJIOBeKOM l{ CpeAHI{M }pOBHeM BLInoJII{erIHt orKJIoeAHHI4II CTaHAaprHOfO tsbrpDKeHa c rroMolrlblo HCHH'I.
lTpuhepao 68/o om ofiryezozucl'o ucnurnye,uut \ ofnalanm IQom 85 0o1,15. #) O.reHr BDI(HbrM rBlqercs ror Qarr, qTo craHAapl'Hble 6anntt cqr4Talorc.fl HopMaruBHbIMpr, T. e. oHI4 rroKa3blBalor
ftr
slpe'Rrllir)D"oo"nA=fr
0{6r-o kuHqK..Fo rn.{Frtrrl pe3ynblar B cpaBlIeI-rHHco crarucrnrrecKuM pe3ytrbraToM,xo'ropr,Ilz coorBercrB)/er onpeil erer*rop:t eospacrHofi rplmrre, a se a6cottK)THoMV]'poBHIo BbInoJIHerl'vrttyilpaJnnerIut)i. OrTelrHtte xapanTepucrllKl'I IQ gocraroqHo xoporuo r4sf{eHbr fteHblNltr. Hacroqqnll noKa3al'eJlbHeu3MeHeH B TeqeHHC
gCCrZ XU3FIH,
XOTq
H3BCCTHbI
I{CKIIIOqCI{Hfl.
.l-]anHrre, non1n{eHrlble B pe3}'JIBTare I{3MepeHVtr Lrtrrerc IQ B MJIaAIxcM neKTa B MraAer.IqecrBe, FIe Koppenuplror Bo3pacTe. lrKoJrbr{oM Taras. ckrryar\r4tr BrroJrHe o6tqcHl4raa: ! fplllHblx ,4ererZ oqeHuBaror ceHcopHoe pa3Bla"rv'e vrv AlalarareJlba r'pvt TecrupoBauuu gereit craplueHbre cfloco6uocrv, nep6alr'Hlre fo Bo3pacra yquT'blBarorctr lle npocro HaBbrKH, a yMeHHe HaxoAHTb pelxeHue onpeAeJIeHHbIx 3aIIaq.
&
tplu ofitrilapm IQ 4onapui 6ozeeu'au f-fMrozue fr tugHsaycnoizu? npil'ueryo c cepe}uuu 1encrcd cmaAuuu 0o nazattad?e/xocmu, Teu ne MeHeeqacro Ha6lrc4aercx pae6poc, xotopr,lli npeBbrrragr 15 e4raHnq.B nogpocmoBoM rlepnoAe rI B Haqare B3pocloli xugua o6sI.{Ho yBenvr;r4Balorcfl cpeATecToBt'Ix 3aAaq. Aa-nee r{r4e noKa3aTerrktBbrrroJrHeHl4g 3TH nOKa3aTeJIH B OCTIOBHOM OCTaIOTCq HCH3MCFIHI'IMI'I'
He6orr,uoe rroHnx(eHue cJlf{aerc.fl ,Ir{tub nocne 60 ner'. 3ro nponcxoAnT 3a crrer 3 Ea.l1Anfl petrrellrls Ko'ropblx rpe6yercx rz6noclr' MbIIxneHl{.tr. gpo&em utttnzLzteK' /zn1ei c 4oporau",tt 71opo&te'M HeJHazafie,4tno)atrce & zngfioaoi fin nouaJ{catmcJt
(maporffia.
Tbrx Ha rpylonofi nzse. (Daxr, qro aHaJIofHr{HEIe B3ar'IMocBq3H CTaTHCTHqeCKZ BalKHbr, HHOr,qa qBrrreTcs cBr.rAeTeJrbcTBoM Hane)Kr{ocTu TecTa, a TarcKe noATBepxAaeT, ITTO OT IQ
NUCI
.| 3ABHCI4MOCTb
AOCTMKCHI{fl
IIIKOJIbHEIX
H TpyAOBbrx JIeT.
a
ftrr"a,u"c\nrtawe t \ Ko
omJtuzut& rQnoncumm mon,& notg1azacmo6u0ou3'ueruuuri
mL,,ttlt no aK9'zbHIu/-/V 1ocmulc euust"lt, Tor @arr, uro IQ Herrocpe/ICTBeHHo I4Meer cB.a3bc yKa3aHHbrMH BbIrrIe rroKa3areJrrrMr,r,He or{eBuAeH. Bucoxxli IQ ueo6xogwtvt uttoh pa3 rg:.trloto, vlo6rt 6tttt 3aql4cneHHbrM B npecrrcKHoe yre6uoe 3aBeAeHHe lz'IrrzHa xoporuee pa6ovee Mecro. Tar
crryax6e. Tecru AJrfl r{3yqeHnfl, larlTelr IeKTa IIrLrpoKo rIpHMeHglorcq A"rIqxapaKrepHCTHKLI cxor(ecl'H r'r oTrut{Hfr Mex.4y HeKOTOpbIMHrp)'Tln aMV n()l\er"t.
fofyrczunu u Jlce*rquHu 0 ocuo&no,tttu orlnuza)4Hozaemtcmofiwe3a' nflct no fQ tlfe,u Hc,uteHee no06upazu mar1, tmo6u 6utta laatu Ha.LtepeHHo fio7tuorcnocmoc&ecmu?ailuzu.s na Hem, %-&ce' ffiaKu & pl1e Taiaz arflu ornJtuzus o6napyrcu0a: q.\
\
<=d,
Borc.{HraHHbre 3HaqeFrux IQ B 3rlar{HTersuoIl mepe Kopperlrplror c pe3yn Fjra'ravl.z.nmomuori ycileBaeM ocrn, Hrrect',l'tsa .rrer,Koropbre 6ut tu noTpaqeHbr Ha 3AB1aCsrOT KO-rr yre(rli rr ll MeHb[reli vrepe 3aBucfl^r or ycnexoB, AocrurFry-
pmtt.
#1
B3pocJIbIe )I(eHUIHHbI vcrIeIIIFIee MIDKqHH Hanpzltep, cnpaBnrrrorcx c nep6a;rbHblMn 3aAaHlrtrMrl (.raruura, rax nog6op aHToHHMoB) n x1ore, r{eM MPI${I{HbI, llblII()JI}r.flIor 3pr,rTeJrbHo-npocTpaHcTBeHHble ynpDKHeHutr A Kotrr4r{ecrBeH HbIe 3al..a\*r ( cloAa orHocl,lTcs peuerlHe r{ecraH-
-fD^^ S -L
el;rpetzuttrl2too"<4
o-,
-arq
kuHrrKuFo
tl
- -gapt*rorx MareMarl,IqecKnx 3aqaq).Tarxe 6sttu o6uapyrpl/Iln' CpeAHpacoBblx r'I 3THHrrecKI4X )KeHbIO\Irr4sv1fl.
:!-. i.''''.
hnqezolfidu, npaAaeatpdailue cnapafluf, s onpedeeflttoi o6tacnu, E unoeedo6uoapncn HeodaflaKos&( P$Y bnanoe?
oAHaKoB rrocneAylouefrxs-r3Hl4 l{ocrrlr roro, rrro He yAaJrocb HHKoMy t43 zs6paHHstx - crar JlaypearoM Ho6eree-
crorZnpeuuu. nalpearoB,To Boo6ue, qro KacaercaIQ Ho6eJIeBcKHx oTHIoAbHe 3anpeAeJlbHoBbIcoKH cocTaBoH, oKa3brBaelcfl., Jr.flerB cpeAHeM 136 6amos. flctzxolorl4 yrBep)KAalor,qro IQ nenruconr A EIlrnrrreftHa 6wn paBeH 2OO 6ar.;tawr.JItoAn cTaKHM HHTeJTJIeICTOMBCTpeqaIoTc.[
Ero npoucxo.4uT or roro, r{To oHl{ I4MeIor pa3rl4r{Hble flczxol oru paspa6o HHTenneKTyaJIbHbIe cnoco6nocrl't. ?"rvx pa3I43MepeHAfl TeKCTOB TaJrH MHOX(eCTBO AJI.g llvt'luit. I4get usrvrepe:etvrflyMa Bo3HHKlIa 100 ner Ha37p B ycnoBvrex ?IrrTapHofo vfilnycrpvaJrbHoro o6qecrna. B 1939 r. rrnalra AHTeIrrexra Berclepaony6luronaHa 6sta
BexclepoeEerrsrrc. B 1977r. '4"KayQuan,nepecMorpen
cKyro ruKarry I4HTeJIJIeKTa,paspa6otan Hor't tfr HHTe/uIeKDru ryana;ar;;i_ Tecr - oIIeHoqHyIo 6arapeo KayQuaHa. .4Be IxKaJIbLaBJtflIorcfl san6o r'ee IxHpoKo HcnoJIb3yeMbIMn TecTaMZ /I/'I,'IoueHKI4 prHTeJIJIeKTa.
l4triecmuaHfi.e"metonnno7&ottsnm npe4c4aTamone ma/tbrc)lcneafitocmt ofigzertat & wrlone, uo u af' gfe4|nu&normtna pa6ozu4)tecnult
\
H
Pa6orHnxra c BbIcoKrrM IQ 6oleeycnelrlHo cnpaBnflIorc.rrco cBouu Ia npoQeccnoH anbHbl xtu o6szaslrocr.aMll. C ganHnx Irop BbICoKHIZIQ npunxro 6u.no cuvra'rb 3aJroroM Bc.f,qecKnx ycnexoB. B rra'rare 192O-x rr. e CIUA 6uro npoeeAeHo HccJIeAoBaHue.Oro6pa,u4 oKoJIo nonyTopa rbrcflq [IKolbHHKoB, iloKa3aBlunx san6olee RbICoKr{e pe3yn6Tarbl no recraM I4}rreJIJIeKTa. Oluu nce 4o6uJIHCb BbICOKO|OCOtU4aJIt'HOrOCTaryCa' HO HH Orq'HHH3 "raIraH^ra He ilpo-f,BuJr ucxrloqnTenbHofo o6clegyeublx HayKI4 wrt4Lrcr
B MHpe oqeHb peAKo.
B Kunre peKopAoBflaHHecca carqatirslIcorHIZ IQ- 228 saQzxcraposaus 1989 r.y 43-terueit avepuranwr MeputtwBoCasan. MepulraH norBl4JlacbHa cBer 1 1 anrycra 1946 rola.Ee Qawrunu:o MoxcHorlepeBecrn c QpauqyscKoro KaK <MyApe[o. Ee npapoAHTeIrv c MarepuHcxofi cropoHbl H co cTopoHbl oTl\a oTnvrqaJlvrcb UIHTeTTUITeHTHOCTbIOrr' BblorMeHlxHo coKaMr4 yMCTBeHHbIMH clroco6rrocrql{Ia. THTb, qTO ee poAlrTeJlnHevv.elrzt BtICUrer-o o6pazoaanun. A calra MspunuH He 3aKoHttnta o6Ytesvte B HHCTHTyTe, ee repneHlzq xBarHJIo na 2 roJ1a. Oreq MepuJIrlI{ BCer/rIa roBopt{Jr, qTo yHHBepcHTer - 3To (necmO, eoe noxilo
rcyqanb npo$ecculo,ilo HeAsfl pasaanb uflnei^eKnr.
Calra MapnJII{H }tsepeFla, qro yMCTBeHHblecnoco6rrocllt qeJroBeKa He 3aBLIcqr or o6leua 3llaurait, Koropble Hepe.4rco 6es orpe.qeneHHoli cucteMbl pa3MeIrIeHbI B orAeJlax roJroBHofo Mo3ra. Hepegxlr crrysar4, KorAa tuol\r4, HMeIo3}JAHH.'| He yMeIoT IIIue [oHcTIrHe SHIILIKIIOTIeAHT{eCKL4e t rpHMeH.[TbHX c IIonb3oIZ. B gauHoe BpeMfl Mapnlun 3aBeAyer ro-nosrofi oCnpocuMepunuFu B LI3BecrHoM )IqpHaJIe <'llapaAo. Oua nstnycKaeT noJrb3)Tolluect{ ilonynfl pHocTL}o KI{I'{r H. c MepIzlu n MoxHo cBt3arbcfl u no klttrepl{e-ry. Tau orra orKpbIJIa cBoro cTpaHurIY, fAe,qaeT oTBeTbI Ha BOIrpocbI, KoTOp[,Ie nor}^{ael' co Bcero cBera. iler Ha3aI\oHa cBr3aJIa cBolo cygs6y c 6uoHecrorlxo OH HgeecreH KaK f{eHbIIz, JroroM Po&pto*t,Il2xapnaxo*t. I4cK\''ccrRerlHoe cepAIIe. nepBoe noAapl'In Mupy roroprul 180 e4wtrr4rJ. Vpoeeur ero IQ VMapu.urau pKe AoBolbHo B3pocltltfi ct'ttl. VponeHl ero IQ - 164 eAHHI4IIbL OHa y"rneplnlaer' r{To nepe4aqa no HacneAcrBy Bepo.f,THaHa yMcrBeHI{bIx cnoco6nocreli
5\
r-Zr-a
T>db -
s1.lipeRurtrna44eu. _,cr1iL1df* &
?t
v-,a,
'arq kcrHqKdkfo
40-60%. Kpone roro, ].'poBeHb ItHl'eJIJIeKTaMOx(Ho rroAH-rrTbB cpeAHeM HazO% - sTOMy Cnoco6crByer npaB?InbHOC IIHTAH?IC.
Korga MapnlraH galarv Bonpoc o roM, qTo xe raKoe yM.a - B cloyM, oHa c:Ka3ailaTaKI4e CroBa: .'cyunocrl HcKarL' vtcrr4Hy. He nol'4aBaflcb perrr4rlzo:lco6HocrH FrbrM, ceMeiiubltr't, coqlraJrbHblM. UHEIM npeApaccy,4KaM' .{4x sloro Hy)KHa cMelocrt' 143MoI{I4oHaIrbHafl c'raorlllb' HOCTb.MeHq cqhralor reHHeM, HHTeIJIeKTyaJIOM,nOTOMy qTo fl oIIeHI-{tsaIo co6bYrufl xolIoAHbIM, O6GeKTLIBHbIM, neA.sHr,IM B3rnflAOM...)KueOnzCF,, CKy/Ibnrypa H ilpoqlje Bn3yalblrble HCkTccrBa - 3'ro He TBOpr{ecTBo, a To'rIbKo He I',IMeIOT Bbrpax(eHl4e 3MOIIHIl, OHlr Hp{qero o6qero O6'L'eKTI4BHO c I,IHTe'IIeKTO M. AI4CIIZnTHHbI, KOTOpbIe cBq3aHbI C I4HTeJIJIeKTOM,- 3f'O MaTeMaTvIKA n tr4ep}{afl d.vsnna>.
7/ZmoVu4uhr,utcauza,zrnolnce &'/ff &. & ftfumae ucno.atTo&a.tuneVtue tflecmu na 4utt&tenuegpo&' c utno,LrotUt'p fiu,ncaszugpo&ent tttr unme.lrtteKlrw: cnoco6nocmzi zuno&t u4o&. qnTarerefi Mapuluu A sor r,r-tl cBoHX rocroxHHblx loMopncrnrleI4HTeJlneKryam'rr;k roxe paapa6oraila CKI4IZTCCT.
>G
6.Pasnenvre30 rraO,5unpw6anure10. 7. Mlx.retra nocrpolzn rpellonbHuli golt. Bce cropo-
Hbr BbrxoAflT Ha ro)Klr),ro cTopoHy. Eolrurofi MeABe/Ib rrreJl MrrMo, KaKoro ort qnera? 8. I4ueprcn rpu n6r'oxa, nu y6putu ABa, cKoJIbKo renepr r6rorc y eac lrueerca? 9. Ecltt y Bac ecrb o[rla-eill"z.Hcl'BerrHalt crnqKa H tsbI BXOAHTe B TeMrryn KoN{HalY rAe l{axoAs'tcfl Macrsrtras. raMfla, KepocHHoBafl naMn u oxaflKa ApoB B KaMHI-Ie,r{TO Bbr 3a)ruKete nepsum? 10. Kar raneKo co6ara Mo)Ker sa6exarl s rec? 1 1. Crconr'ro x(HBorHblx Moncefi B3flJl B ceoft roB.{er'? lZ.Kaxas 6rura Qal.nnas npe3uAeHra s 1950 r.? - 3T'o cBljllbt{ umt xa6aul 13. Bnrtrru-llr.x
l. ! . a . 2.Ottru. 3. 12 Nrecrues. 4. llorouy, qro oH )(HB. 5. Her. OH xlrsofi, y Hero IlAoBbI Her.
6.70. - Me,{BeAb 6eloro IIBera. 7.!.:olr'Ha CenepuoM TIoJIK)ce 8..IIsa. p. Cnnvx.r,r, 10. Ao cepeAlrHbl neca.[\anuxe oIIa 6ger 6exars Hs JICCA.
1. Orueqarcr tu 23 QenPam e Aurunlt? 2. Cromro 4HerZ pox7'eFlu.a r{Meer cpe4HLrfr qeroBeK? 3. B Heroropblx Meclqax 31 Aeul, B ApyI'I4x 30 prteft', cKo,'rbKo MecqIIeB I,IMeIOT28 l]trre]i? Ha Vxpauue, He Moxcel' {. llovelty qerloBeK, xunyrlllri 6um roxopoHeHHblM B Poccnn? 5. Moxer ru M\)K.IHHa, x
6put v Koeqer Hofi. 1 1. Hlr oIIHoro, x(HBo'I'FIbIX I 2. Taxas )Ke,KaKv cefrqac. 13.Melnear. Hezssecttoft 4ouoxo ssin<e uz Epazunuu rIpI4HaAJIeI{e,laeHo R rlpec)KHTBTopoe Mecro s arolz HoMHFIaI(?Irt. ce 6ruro coo6qeHue o 6olrapxe,Q3nnane Cwturg'nenoft, vefi IQ paBeHetlnrureIZsoBcxoMy.3aceorox${3Iln olIll rlotr-,'c{ktran.f,Tb Marl4crepcKHx creneHefi. Ho cefrqac oHa npe6srnaer B craryce 4olroxosxtixz, TaK KaKpa6orogare-
saPegatt'De44ekq
"4..rekaHqr.,,"o t-n"hraroli -t5 B ee pe3rcMe'
KaK sllcoqaliuurZ IQ' ue I]'HKT cToJIbKO rIpHBneKaeT, CKOJIbKOOTIITHBaeT' B nocleAHze HecKoJlbKoler npo6lerta IQ cHoBa npuBneKJrar ce6e noBbIIrIeHHoe BHI4MaHVev cralra npeAMepa6or' B xosToM coreH HafrHblx vtny6nvtlwcrt4qecKl'tx rIoJIb3oBaJIucb nonylqpHocrblo qe XX B. orpoMHoIi xyAox(ecrBeHHble npou3BeAe HVs, 3arpafvBaBtrwe npo6Carrtoe spKoe pr3HHx - poMaH Y'IIpyua n@opneryyt". pecr iatno, 6olee zgsectuL,lli y Hac B BHAe 6necrntgeit c Touorrl Xauxcon s fiasnofrponv'Passu' i*p"*t"t"t1uIi THe clo)Kera crpovffcn Ha roM' KaK npocrora n o6q'eullra noMou HenpI4H).D(AeHHocrb rtoBeAeHIaq oluroQpeua craoH BepIIII'IH: go6parlcx orrpeAeneHHblx eMy raror Ao )Ke cKa3OqHO K TOMV I',I repoeM, HaIl,I4oHaJIbHbIM HoBprrcg 6otarstn.
XHTEMEKT TOT.KTOII3T.IEPIIA
Xanc lOpen 'Mseax - 3To ro'r qeJIoBeK' npl4qeM ernHcrBeHnltfi e IIeJIoM cBere' Koropblu Ha IrpoBoKaqnonutui Bonpoc <'Axaxoli y nac IQ?> uor 6es UepeMoqTo 3To Hwft orserurb:
IOpreua npu BceMnpr4sroM oco6oro np?rcrpacrvts.KMvtpy r4crryccrBaHe ua6nogutocr. Ero npeJrbulaJra3aHflTkrs. yve6u n pearlHoli r.IMu'aQzenrorZ. flocle 3aBeprrreHurr 3r4vroH npeAnoJraraJrnpoAonxats o6pa3oBaHue r EepJrzHcKoMyHuBepcurere Ha orAerreHrru Qusuxv.
AII3EHK06 XHTEANEKTE B re npeueHa qacro Mo)r(Ho6ruro cJrbrrrrarr'pa3roBopbr o ToM, qTo nHTerureKT- 3To qro-To HecyuecrB)'roilIee, a3Haqvrr,ruo6ue rorrbrrKr4 ero H3MepHm 6ygyr 6ecuogrrtr. AfigenK cqHTaJr,r{To aBTopbI orvx strcKa3r,tsaFlzll coBceM He pae6npalorcs s caMoir npupoAe Ha)'xrz. On BCerAaotoBapuBaJrcq,qTo coBep[reHHo He nblTaeTcs.MaTepvaJvl3,oBarbHHTeJUrerr.Afi seHIt HIaKorAaHe yrBepxAa;I, rrro r.rHTenreKTcyrqecrByer HanoAo6ne rex npeAMeroB u o6'r,erros, Koropbre oKpy)Karor qeroBeKa. I,lsterrext Haf{Hoe npeAcraBneuze. 9eroseqecrBy I43BecrHbITaKx(e onpeAeneHufl lpaBwrar\Hr4, eQupa, anelcrpuqecrBa, pa,qraoBonH.9erose.{ecrBoM noH.arns. 6avtu npI,IAyMaHbI AJrsroro, qro6u rarcau-rooSpasou ynopflrot{HTb HecKoHqaeMlro BepeHr4qy6ygnuvHnrx co6rir"tuh. A e lepuaunz B To BpeMq y BnacrLr.6rrl fh'mep. Afiseur He npI4HHMaJI nocryJraroBQarrz3ua, Ho I4 KAeMoKparaMHe TIpHMbIKaJL Ou rre 6os.ncg.BbIcKa3bIBarbcBolo roql(y 3peHlz.s,HHKor,4a He cxpbrBaJrctsoHXnozw\wk. He scel{ aro noHpaBr{Jlocb, pr noaroMy ABepH R BbICIITHe yre6Hste 3aBepcHvfl 6snu /Inr Hefo 3aKpbrrbr. I,I3eecrHo, r{To orr{r.rMArigenxa 6rul enpeem.lloaroulz ceMbe AoBeJrocbnoe3AHTbno Espone B KaqecrBe oMr{rpaHToB.Brrasute oHI{ nonaJln no (Dpauquo. B aroficrpa' He y MonoAofo qeroBeKa iloflBl.lnacb Bo3MoxHocTb a3yvarr QpaHq.wcKy'ro ilvrepa"rypy H t4cKyccrBo.Ho BcKope ceMb.rrnepe6patacr, s AFIr,'IHto.Ha [epBblx nopax ArZseHKaMTaM6brro o.{eHbHeyorHo. Moao4oft Xanc lOpreu npo6onatt ce6s B KaqecrBe peneTHTopa H oAHoBpeMeHHo foTOllI{lICtl li (-/\AqC BCTyrruTeJrbHbrx 3K3aMeHoB Ha Quszvecxl'tfi Qaxv;tt;l'e't' JlorrAoHCKoro yHHBepcHTera. I,Icnurauafl, oH BblAep)rian 6lecrsue. Ho, nepoxrHo, trro-To H"rryTarr c[ut a6cotttot'-
supetzutt,o€4-4ez-
o,o"o
x.
kuHqruvro Ho gppne npe,4Merbl. 3ane'rurur, t{To B BbIcilHx yue6Hntx ycno 3aBeAeHI4.sx lepnauHrr 6utttu cBoH orrpeAeneHl{ble Arisesx o6lr{aqln{ll rlrrtr lurfl 3zqttcrelnsr, a c ClpuraucKllMu npoclo rre 6ul 3HaKoM' clyAer{rou QusuvecKoro Qary'rlreta orr ts pesyltrare - QaHe craJl, Ho Bo3HL{KlIa KoMnpoMVIccHae Bepcl4q tlro6rt orrralBfoA' elrre replrrb He Kytrrirer ncuxoJlornu. roBopfl T' tnwfics. vtologoli r{eJIoBeK pelxur :
pa6or AfiseHKHaOgHy us cBoHXnepBblx AHTuIoMI{bIx conocranwn oH sefi ABacyB c lrvcaJr BMecre -vqureJleM. yv,HccJleAoBalnlafl' cnoco6a BpeMl To B rrlecrBoBatsIlp{x .lefloeer Mologotz AOKa3bIBaJI' . cTBeHHbrxcnoco6HOCrefi qro oHH Aplr Ap)rry He [porrlBopeqar' Mnoro no3AHee ueco taynuslfi trlup cor"racvJrctt c ero 4oeogauu' 14 n HacTofllrlee BpeMJIsTHMHnocrynaTaMl'.Ip)'KoBoACTByoTCq MHOI'Her{el{ble M),DKLI. llporulo BpeMl, prAriseHr zapa6orut crerleHb 6aKarae'pa. OH 6nn raxxe Lr3BecreHKaKJry^{rul{ficryAeHr cBoefo Klpca. B eospacre 24 r'er eMy npucBavlBaror 3BaHHeAoKTopa ncHXo lror rlz'.IloHAoHcxltli 1'uanepcuTer oKoHqeH' N{ologoro f{eHoro fipvm cvrl4 npoAoJDKHTbI4cctle.4oBareJlbcK\,ropa6ory B na3aper uu. L Mogclra' llporulo 6 ter,n Xanc tOpreH Aligeurc,ral Bo ffIaBeo6pasonaHuoncvxvarpLln' OOb€Kttl€?o ro npn rocrIHTaJIeVl:rrctwr1;.r:r'a uccAbdosaflui - Krl4HrrqecKa.fl ncl4xoJlorLm' Molo4oIl cner\r4arracr 3aHsr pea6unuraqneft noraleqeHHblx Ha nole 6pauu 6orir1on.Ha atIzxxe con4arax oH craBllr aKcKOTOpbIe MOr''T nOMOtIb IepI,IMeII'fLI, ilprl3r{aKoB 6o.[esHell TIcHXLIKI{.
npw
BbrflB,ner{I,Iu
fi _
Kar<pas B pror repuoA 6nua ga-noxeHaocHoBaMfl6y*TpeXAyrqero orKpr'rrHfl AlZaeHxa,Koropoe oH Ha3brBaJr (rpzaga rrzqHocrr{brx QaKnopilQf, neopafl Att.tilocnu,, HeBporr43M cBorlcrB - aKcrpaBepcHfl - r,rHTpoBepcu.tr, l,z'rrcLlxotu3M- xoporuo 3HaKoMarcuxoJroraru). Afiserrx opm Hh3yer MHox(ecrno paenoo6pa3Hbrx uccne AosaHufr.. OH corpylulruaer c aKcnepraMr H3 pa3Hbrx o6nacleit. ts pesylmare Arlsenr HaxoAr4TAoKa3arenbcrBl BrrvxHnfl. npecrl'rrHoro rlo onpeAeJreHHrrxQax'ropoB rra pa3Br4Tr4e Bener{Hfl H BO3HI'I KHoBeHHerczxur{ecKnx ga6ores aul'tit. OH 4onasal, qro r-reKoropbreQarropu BJIHflIoTua nr,t6op npoQeccuu H onpeAenflxlr npeApacrroJro)KeHHocrbK HecqacTHbrMcJrr{ajrM. Onvpaxcr, Ha rpexQaKTopHyro reopHro Jlnr{Hocrpr, uologofi y.reusrrZn garurefiuren paepa6orrut co6ctseFlHyro nctlxo Anarqocrr4qecKyrorexHoJrornn - crlllanaal of
the EysenckPersonalitylnveatoryt. AriseHKrocloqHrro
roBopl,In o roM, r{To Hccre,4oBaHvIS oH }raqaJl H3-34 IrecoBeprxeHcTBa rrcHxllaTpHqecKr4x AHarHo3oB, KoTopble cyrqecTBoBurK B To BpeM-fl.
KO999lrUilEHTvCnEXA ArZseux ygerrrn BHHMaHLIeBceM,v:HHTepecoBarcfl v rcnv(6uxev none4eHvecnolZ Hrz.recrori ncuxolorraerZ, K H3MepeHHK) repanrleri, npo.flBn.ul I4HTepec nucrcxofi) II}IqHOCTPI.
llpoclanzrcfl AftseHr cocraBJIeIrHeMTecrolt, HanpaHa H3MepeHI4e)poBrrn roeQQnqr4euTa HHTeJIBJreFrHbrx rerra - IQ, floqBreHrae repMr4Ha c,lQr - kKog$Quqaeiln ulnenAeKnA),- 3acnyra AtZseura. Korga Arlserrxa cilpoczulu, y KaKoro qeroBeKa 6ollure oH 5ar oqeHb npoc'rorl orBer. r[aHCoBHa RbI3AopoBJIeHHe, nr,aro"fre 6olr,qr,Ie, KoroOragsmagrc"g,qau1eBbI3AopaBJI pbre He latrtryHa noBoAyy cBoux 6o;rs'rex. X),rrereu, KToBe.ter ce6q nacczBHo. Korollopaslruelbl{o, FIo aro re caMble cKarlA2ultlc'l'1,I, pbre MoryT AoBecrHneqaqero BpaqaAo cocroqHu.tl 6erlot'o lxatrennfr.AfiseFIx Ha3bIBanraKax lngela <'cyerJIHBbIMH
-lL.^S
-L
IL
s',Peo..,,.r'otooulr+rZ*
o-,
'erq
>e
p1filK(lYro
ilcv\xonaTaMpr>. <'cHMnaTHqHbIe IIOAI4 t C npI4JIHqHbIM noBeAeHueM, no ero cJIoBaM,)ryIlzpaloT r{arqe.
Vxe x Halnrry l95o-xrr. K a66peBwarpe
A }]A](OALTIrvr I4HTeJIJIeKT nonynfi p HocTb. KOsQQzqueHr trTo6bl COTpyAB3.flTb TO|O, HHTepeca,v I43 HnpocTo Nrfl nepcoHolz, CTaJI TO)I(e A cau HHKa Ha cn)tK6y. r{eHbtli so ecex croqx o6rqec'rna' AriseHra cra'ilu nonynqpHofi tsr4TATb JIeKIIHpI B ay4ldropvrflx caMblx ilpurnalxaTb ArlseHra ro BpeM.s B sasegenufr. npecrI,DKHbIX 1n{e6Hblx XOpOno o6ecle'reHHblM r{eroBeKoM. cl].:li'TA.IrV A Ariseux, HecMorp.E HA Ha t{To, npoAo Irx.ar 3aHvrMTT'>cq Haf{HbIMI4 HccJIeAoBaHvrsMvr. VI t
Cne4yrorqzli uerog Hocptr Ha3*aHvrecrlleqenue on6pAUIQll AAil * rrarlr4eHry rra3H.aqaercs3neKTpotrrox H JreKapcrBa, Koropbre Bbr3brBaroryA''rxbe. llopa:nreJrbHo, Ho rrepeA nepcnerrusorl nbrroK 6oresHl o"rcrynata HaMHorc) 6srcrpee, r{eM npn pa3roBopax o cHax H nczxoJroruqecKHx noTpflceHr4rx paHHero AeTcTBa )roTHo ycrpoHBruHCb HA N.HBAHqHKC.
Ho raxne cnoco6u NCAXONO|OB
rerreHprfl noBeDraJru KoJrJrer-
B IIIOK.
cD
5 1 !.......
A qnoxe Aisenr?
ConepnreuHo He rep3arrcb KoMUreKcoMBtrHbr,Koropstft 6svt o6.sgatelrnbrM Ans KalrAofo HeMrIa nocre sorluu, Afi3eur aHepruqHo 6epercx 3?lacclrcpoBaunflpacoBbrx pasnnunfi. Euy npurulo B roJroBy Bbr.flcHu'rbHx BrrvsHue Ha yMCTBeHHbre cloco6Hocrpr. V.{eFroro nocro.rrHHo HHTepecoBaJro,nor{eMy nronw oTrr4qaroTcq Ap)r oT Apyra. ArZeeHr roBopaJr o roM, r{To yMcrBeHHbrecnoco6soctlz rraxory"rcs, e npxuorZ 3aBzcuMoc"tv oT rerreruqecKoitr:aA paccuarpwBafl. pacoBbre orrrLluLlfl,, ilegcrneHHocrz. ArZgeHx s l97O-e rr. npegcraBvrrr crelyrorqne Qarru;
COOTBCTCTBCHHbIC
3HAKL7 u4, t4JIH <-").
*frr o{6rq raHqrccrFd Tecroeutit',tareprarr
supeauttrDel4eL.
G -KruryE*
>fr.
' 23. Crum 6u Bu npHHHMarb cpeACTBa, Koropbre Mo-r),'TnpxBecrrr Bac n Heo5r,r.{uoeuilv onacrroe cocroqHue (a-nxoro.ns.uapxorzxu). 24. Bt't qac'ro HcnbrrbrBaere raKoe cocro.flHue. KoryIa BCC HAIOCJIO.
1.V Bac MHoro pa3JIHqHbIxxo66ll. 2. Bat o6gyusrraere npeABapuTenbHo ro, r{To co6ptpaeTecbAeJrarb. 3. V Bac qacro 6rtsaror cIraAbII4no/I'beMblHacrpoeHnq. 4. Bsr ilpereHAoBarrv lxorila-le,u6ygr'Ha noxBaJly 3a ^to, vro n gefic'rBuTeJrbHocrn cAenaJIAplrofi qeroBeK. 5. Br,tpa:ronopvunrlti qeroBeK. 6.Bac 6ecnoxouro 6rr .ro, r{To BbIs'Nre3IrvB Aonrn. 7. Bat'll npprxoAr4JrocbrrytcrBosarb ce6s Hecqac'I'HbIM qenoBeKoM6cs oco6ux Ha ro [pHqH]I. B. Bal,r cJrf{aJrocb xorTa-uu6y,tb rlo)KarXHnuatt,v.ro6tt noJryr{r4TL, 6olnne Tofo, qTo BaMnoraraJlocb. p. Bu rqareJrbHo 3arrvpaere /IBepb Ha Hoqb. 10. Brr cqr4Taerece6s xzgnepaAocrHllM r{eroBeroM. 1 1. Yaz4en, KaKcrpaAael pe6eHoK,)KLrBorHoe,Bu 6rr cr.{JrbHopaccTpoHJrHcb. 12. Bs qacro nepelKzBaere r43-3arofo, qro c[eranv 6rr Aelatl n towrv cK 3 nrz qro-To, qero He cJreAoBaJro BOpHTb.
13. Brr tscerla HcnorH.rrerecgoIz o6eu\asws.,ADKeecJru J'rHqHoBaMaro or{eHbHey4o6rro. 14. Bu norf{r4Ju{ 6u ygonorbcrBHe, npbrrar c napaIUIOTOM,
15. Cnoco6Hbr JrH Blt Aaru, BoJIIo tIyBCTBaMH BoBCIoroBeceruTbcn n ruyl,rHoli KoMnaHHH. 16. Bu pasApDraTerbHbr. 17. Bu nor4a-Hrz6yAr o6nuuflJrrir Koro-Hw6y1r' B ToM, B qeM 6atnu BI{HoBarbI Bbr caMp{. 18. Balr HpaBVTcfi.3HaKOMHTbcfl c HoBbrMLr ilrol\bMu. 19. Bu BepHTe B nonb3y crpaxoRaHu;r. 20.,rlerxo tu, Bac o6aaem. 21. Bce ttul)alrtpt npaBbrrrKpr xopolrru u x(eJrareJrbHbr. '22.lJt t crapaerecb 6ulr n retrv, rraxoA.ficb n o6ulecrne.
25.Barv' cr),^{anocb 6pam, Berrlb,nplrHaAno(aqvro Apyroivrynurly, 61zt aro Ealneranafl.Me.[oqb, rax 6ylanx a vilv q/fOBHIIA.
26. Bav. r.paBzrTcfl.qacro xoAHTr, n xoir,ry-Hu6yAr, B rocrpr u 6stsal'b o o6qecrne. 27 . Baw AocraBr.flel. yAoBoJrbcrsue o6wxarb rex, Koro ssr rrK)6ute. 28.Bac qacro 6ecnoxour qytsc.rBoBprHbr. 29.tsaw npLrxolry{JrocbroBopuTb o roM, B qeM Bbrrlrroxo pas6rzpaerecb. 30. Btl o6tr.{Ho ilpeAnoquTaere KHHrH BCTpeqaM C NIOIIbMH.
31. Y Bac ecrb sBHbrer,patr4. 32.8r;H.a3BarH 6at ce6s.HepBHbrMqeroBeKoM. 33. Bu BCerAaH3BuFrflerecb,KorAa uarpy6ureApyrolr-v. 34.Y Bac MHoro Apperi. 35. Baw FrpaBr4TcflycrpanBarb po3brrpbnrru A rrr;,r:r:,z^, Koropbre r4HorAa 4ericrsure;rbHo Mor)'T rrpuqvuvrrb .rrrogxu 6olt. 36. Brr 6ecrroxofisrrfi .{eroBex. 37. B l.:erclse Bu BCetIa 6esponomro 14r{eMeA.rreFrrro BbrnorHrJlu To, qTo BaMrrpHKa3brBarrr4. 38. tsu cquTaere ce6s 6essa6or,suu qeroBeKoM. 39. Mnoro lu gyarBacsrraqarxopoilr{e MaHepbrH r{r.rcroTIOTITOCTb.
40. Bollryerecb nr4 Bu no noBoAy xaxux-ln6o ),?Kacsr,rx co6rlrufi, xoropue MoffIH 6lt clyru'rtcq, Ho He cJIyI{t4lil4cb.
41. Balt cJlf{anocb cnoMalb HJrr4 rrorepflT'b t{yx<},/ro BerI{b. 42. Rt't o6u.+ro nepBbrMr4 rrpor{uJrnc'l'c linr.lIHalr4By npv 3HaKoMCTBe. 43. Moxere rz Bi,r JrerKo noH.trTb cocro-rrHr.re qeJroBeKa, ecJlr{ oH Eelrurctr c BaMH sa6orattw.
sopeaattr7tel4ek4
v-l5ro 6
kurrgK<-rtrd 44.Y Bac qacro HepBbl 6Hsator l{arsnyrbl Ao npeAeJla' 45.Bpocure lu Bsl HeHlDKHyo6plaxry Ha rIoJI' ecJII4 iloA plT(ot{ HeT KOp3HH}'I. MoJIr{HTe, Haxo,q.flcb n o6ulecrne Apyrux 45.'gtt6ollure
rroaefr.
v ero cJIe47. C'qutaere Ifil Bt'I, vTo 6pax crapoMoAeH .4yer orMeHHTb. 48. BuI Ll:norqa qyBcTByere )KaJlocrt' K ceoe' 49. Bs krl':,ot[a MHofo xBacraerecb' 50.BrrJIerKoMox(eTeBHeCTI4o)KHB'IeHveB.4oBoJIbHo cr{rrHylo KOMIaHI4IO. 51. Pas4paxlror lrr4 Bac ocropo)I(Hble BoAr{TeJIn' 52.Bat 6ecnoxorarecb o cBoeM 3AopoBbe' r{ero53. Bsl roBopI,IJII4 xorAa-Hu6)'Ab ruIoxo o AplToM BCKC.
nepecKa3L'IBarb IITITKI4 I'I aHeqort'I 54. Bs lo6ure cBoI,IM Apy3bqM. nHIrIeBbIx rIpoAyKToB oAI455. trls Bac 6olruuHcrBo r{aKoBbI Ha BKyc. AlpHoe HacrpoeHue' 55. EHsaer tuyBacvmorya B.4er57 .Bt t geplvlrr4:rotp:a-uvt 6yAl cnor'IM poAIlTeruIM CTBC.
58. Barrl Hpzr'wTcfl o6ul,art'cs c nltlAbMn' ectlu y3Haere, r{To '4orIycrHJII4 59. Btt [epexuBaere, outu6xu. s csoeft Pa6ore. 60. Brr crpaAaere or 6eccoHHuqlr. 61. Bu BcerAa Moere plrc4 nepeA eqoly''' 52. Bnt H3 Tex ntogeft, Koropble FIe Jle3yr 3a cJIoBoM B KapMaH. 63. Bu npeAnoquTaere ilpuxop.H"t'r'tua Bcrpeqy HeMrIoHa3HaqeHHOro cpoKa. paHblrre ro t{}tscrByere ce6n anaruqHblM' ycraJIbIM 6es rasot 24. [PI4r{lIHbI. roh-lu6o 65.Blst xor4a-Hu6ygb nJryroBaJII4B I4rpe. geft66. Bav. HpaBr4^tcfl pa6ora, rpe6l'roulax 6ltcrplx c"rFI'jA. (6lula xopourl4M qe67 . Baua Marb xopomnli'{eroiler ronerou). 68. tlaclo Iru ral'a Ka)KeTC-fl, qTo )Kr43Hb ),)KacHo cl(yr{H2.
p
69.Br'trorga-uu6ygb Bocno.rrb3 oBaJrLlcb orurorxHocrbro Apyfofo qeroBeKa B cBolrx qenflx, 70. Brr tracro 6epere ua ce6s,6oruue, qeM rro3Borf,er BpeMJr. 7 1. Ecru rftl rrro1lr,Koropbre craparorc.fl rag6erars Bac. 72.Bac or{eHbsa6orwr BarrraBHerrrHocrb. 73.Bst BcerAaBelcrrxBbr,Aalre c HenpHflTHbrMHJrroAbMH. 74. Csuraere rn Brr, rrro rroAu B?TpaqnBarorcJrHruKoM MHoro BpeMeHLr,.rro6rro6ecnequsarb cBoe 6y4yrqee,orKna4brBas. c6epexeuax, crpaxys, ce6sw cBoro ncl.r3Hb. 75. BosF{Hxarorrw y Bac rorga-ua6yAb )KenaHHeyMepeTb. HaJrorac Ao75.Bst nolbrraJrncs 6H as6exarb.1,r:rrrarbr rroJrHuTeJrbuoro aapa6orKa,ecJru6tt 6wnu )tsepeHbr,r{TO Bac Hzrorga He cMorlr yrvt4krrb B groM. B KoMnaHHro. 77.Bt't Mo)KereBHecrHo)KHBneHHe 78. Bu crapaerecb He rpy6uru nroAqM. 79.Bst AoJrroneporr4Baere nocJrecrrf{HBrxerocr KoFrQyea. 80. Bu ror4a-rru6y1bHacravBaJrHr{a .ron, vto6i'r 6ruo no-BarxeMy. B nocre/IHroro MHB 1.Bsl qacro rrpHeoraere Ha BoK3aJr mrrry nepell oTxoAoM noe3Aa. 82. Bsr xorga-Ha6y4b HaMepeHHofoBopHJrHqro-Hu6yAr uenpu.fiT'Hoeunw o6wgaoe AJr.flr{enoBeKa. HepBbI. 83. Bac 6ecnoxomr4BaIJJLT 84. Bau Henparn'Ho HaxoAr-{Tbcscpe4r4ro4eli, Koropbre noArrrr{r4BaroTHa,4ToBapHilIaMH. 85. Brr JrefKorepqere gpy:eri no csoefi B[rHe. 86. Bu qacro HcrrbrrbrBaereq)tscrBo oAHHor{ecrBa. 87. Bcerga lruBatuw cJroBacoBnanaror c AeJIoM. BB.Hpanurcn r.utBawr4rror/IaApa3HHTb)KHBorHbIx. 89. Brr /rerKo o6rcraerecb Ha 3aMeqaHnfl,KacarcIrlnec.f, rnr{Ho Bac w Bameh pa6oru. 90. Xft,rgns6es rarofi-rv6o onacnoclll noKa3utacs 6r't BaM CJIulllKOlrl CXy.rttOtl. 91 . Brr norAa-uu6yAb ona3AF,IBaJIrrHa cBy.Aarry'e vlrv Ha
pa6ory. 9'2.BaM:,:paBfl^tcfl c]€Ta 14ox(HBJIeHue noxpl'r Bac.
o-, -lD^-^-46rakuHqrdHo +CS AL
9 3. Bt't xorzTe,'{ro6L'l nroAr46o.s.irncI Bac
94. tsepHo./Ipr, r{T'o Bu nHorga noJIHL,I3HeprHI'{ Iz BCe ropr{T B pyKax, ar4Ho|Aa coBceM B.fl.rIbI. r{To AoJDK95. Bu laHoraa orlc[aAblBaere Ha 3aBT'pa ro, Hbr cAenaTb ce|oAlIJI. 95. C'auraror nwBac )KI4BbIMLI BeceJIbIM qeJlotseKoM. twBaw roBoptlT HenpaBAy. 97.{acro qB.IIeFIHflM, 98. Bt'I oqeHb q)tscrBl4TeJlbr{bl K HeKol'opLIM co6brra.flM, BexIaM. 99.8w Bcer/Ia roroBbl rlpz3Harb ceorl olxll6xrt. 100. Bau xorAa-nu6y4n 6I'Ina-no )KaJIKo)KHBorHoe, KoTOpOe nonaJlo B KanKarI. 101. Tpyguo ln Ban sanoJIIUITb aIIKe'rv.
s:..liqeQurtr7'"44o,--*+rUy$n* fr
1€
Bsrcoxue oqer-rKneKCnpASepCAf, -Uilnpo1epcLttcoor-
BercTB),'roT sKCTpaBepTHpoBaHHoMy THrrli HH3Kr4e _ r4]HTpoBeprHpoBaHHoMy. CpegHlzrl noKa3areJrr - 7-15 6atIOB.
Bsrcoxue rroKa3arenu lt€spofitn3il4 ronopxr o ncHxkr.{ecKor1 HeycrofiurzBocrr,r. Cpegnue rroKa3a,re.rrr{B-16 6arnos. Brrcoxue orIeHKH ncU0nrcmd ronopxr o slrcoxofi xouQlzrrHocrtr. CpegHlze3HaqeHzfl - 5-I2 6arnos. Ecrpr rorcasarenrr UCKpeflilOCn?npenuuraer 10, To pe3ynrjrarbr o6clegonaHr.rfl HenpaBAHBbre. OraevarorqeMy Ha Bonpocbr creAyer 4aBz'rbolBerbt 6orree roqHbre.
O BPEAEKYPEH1,I9 llpu o6pa6orKe orrpocHl4l(a iloAcr{HTblts ae"rcfl' KoJII4qecTBo coBnaBIIrHx c <.IgIIOqetsblMHtof'Be]'oB r.{cnblTyeMOfO.
I. luKAr\AncllxoTll3ilA Orneft,loHero(..-'>):Nq2,5,9, ll, !9, 39,43,59,63,57, 78, 100. (<*'>): Nq 14,23,27,31,35,47,5I, 55,71, Orserlr <.ga'> 8 5 .BB,93 ,97 . 2. lltKAnA 9KCTPABEpCI'lll-l,lHTPoBEPCllll (o-o):Nr 22. 30,46,84. Oresrur oH6-ro <.4a'> (<+'>): Ns 1, 5, 10, 15, lB, 26, 34,38,42, 50, OrserL,r Bl, 90, 92, 95. 62, 66, 0, 7 77, 7 4, 54, 58,
3. IUKAAAHEfrTPOTII3T.IA
o r eer r r "4a o( "* >):NrJ.7, 12,16,2.)4,28,3 2 , 3 6 , 4 , 4 4 , 5,79,83,89,94,98. 4 8 , 5 2,56 ,72 ,7 4. IUKA^A I,ICKPEHHOCT}I OreerL,lonero(..--o):Ns4, B,17,25,29,4I, 45,49,53,57, 65,69,76, 80,8 2,9 r, 95. ()'r'Bc'r'r,r
ArZ3eHx,HaBepHoe,He Mor o6xogarr,cx 6es cxauga;ros. Eqe o l97O-e rr'. ncuxoJrot v3l\an rpyA, tAe npr4BoAr{Jr Ao-
Ka3aTeJIbcTBa TOfO, IITO HHKOTHHOBaTI3aBHCprMOCTb He B.rrr4rreTHa pa3BldTr4epaKa:
soPe?un'neaqe+4
o-, *{S -lD^-- '4hrokuHqKtrHo -5
ilpoQeccop Afieeux cKoHr{arcfl B 1997 r. B Bo3pacre Bl roAa. flpuuuua cMeprl4 - orryxonb roJloBHoro Mo3ra' 9ro npHueqareJlbHo, cau npoQeccop HI4KorAaHe B['IKypvn HA o4uotZ curaperbl'
y XEHl4l{Ht'l t'lyxtlllH 2.3.I{HTEMEKT i!
no oouenPusflaKa? arunnn Aufla uflnetuteKn
!...... pa3rwrBbl.acHlrrb, orKyAa notBrllorcq Bce nonurKn qH.rr Mex{Ay My)KIIHHaMI4 I,I X(eHUII4HAMVIHA Co\rlulbtroM ypoBHe cBoA.fiTcs K CtIeAyIouIeMy: xapaK(reHeruvecxoro) 6uonotwt{ecKoro l) pauuuvts OCSBJISIOTCff Tepa MoKA!'MPKr{HHaMI'I I{ )KeHIIIUHAMV HoBHrIM QarroPolvt; o6ycnoBkts. co3qator 6laronpunrwyul 2) coguuttHble craHoBICy Nrs. ltlpeB.aJtwpoBa}Ivre' MIDKr{HH. lllpaiuguonttui
cnocof o?zatflta4uu
&ocnumanus
u hwno,qtrcnue onpe1ezenrtw4 ofiz7aruttocmei npe'
1ocma&wuomfiottowe wauco& 2tut pa;&umut cofnocmei tuytrczua. Ecla npr.rHflTb Bo BHkrMaHue nocJleAHee BbICKa3bIBaHLre, ofnrTb -'laK74no-flBrfleTcfl Bonpoc: TaK oTKyAa Xe 6eBIrvrflK)^r Koropue 6laronpn.nrHo py-rcs o6crosre.ntcrBa, Ha pa3r;r'rue cnoco6nocretZ y rulq M).D(cKofo nona? lerrerurrz cquraK)T, qro MlDKqnHbI noKa3L,Isaor ce6s IIOCIITeIqMH TaKVx Kar{eCTB' KOlOpbIe MO)(IIO Ha3BaTE' TIOCHTeJISMU a )I(eHxIHHbI flB'TISIOTCTI nporpecchBHblMH, qepT. KOHCGpBaTI4BHbIX @eu l*rncr KV cr aBtrr B BHHy M\?KqI4HaM- 14ccneAoB are LrTOt14npone4eHultx JrflM LIXCIUIOHHOCTbpICTOJIKOBbIBaTb HccneAoBasuh c qllcro MPKcKHx r7o3r4r\r4n orHocHTeJIbHo x(eHrIHH. B csorc oqepeAb MPKqUFIbI-ncHxoJIorH npoqBiurroT He]'epn HMocTb K cTpeM.[erIH-tIM noABecTI4 npvl{n Hbr pa3Jil{qHfl B CTeneLrl4 pa3Bu"lLl'fl' no3HaBaTeJIbHbIX
r.r r{Hbrx npoqeccoB r o6rqecrneHHblM. Bbr.flcHHnocb, qTo x(eHrqr.rHbr noKa3brBaroT Jryqrxr4e pe3ytlbTaTbl rIpH BbInoJIl:'eHr4v recroB Ha cKopocrb Bocrrpr4qrras 3FIaxosoIZ a uQop u a q uu u uso 6p axeluuft. O u I,r rrynrme Mo rlr 3an oM Hr{TbJroKaJrvt3 r\vtro o6rerroe B npocrpaHcTBe, Hx B3auMHOC MCCTOIIOJIO}(CHHC.
a
npa&uzo, i/ceHtguuu npe&oc4o1nm/ttgsczuH {^lrco ff' npu fiunozrueauuSaianui & mecnn4 tn cKo?ocmb ne?ezuauHufl npel'uerno&o&toi rczfitezopuu. Eoree roro, H3BecrHo,rrro y)KeHqI4H JI) {rrre cQopultpoBaHa roHKaJrMoropuKa. OHz rax )KeJlyr{rue,qeM M}.DKrrr,rHbr,T. e. c 6otrcnefi, cKopocrbro, BbrnoJIHqIorapzQueTr,rqecKueoneparlnu (<ApuQtlerusecxttit recr>). Ho ltyxqzHbr 3HaqHTeJIr,HoKar{ecrBeHHee,qeM )KeHIIII{Hbr, BbrrrotrHflK)T 3AIaLTHA TeCTOR,H anpaBJIeHHbIX Ha BbrflcHeHHe )poBH.s rrpocTpaHcTBeHHoro MbIIIL[eHHfl . 9ro nueer orHorrreHae B nepB)'Io oqepeAb K )mpDKHee,anr'*ve r:vtrM, A.[q BbrilorHeHn-fl Koropbrx rpe6yercx HaMFIoro MbrlueHut{. MyxvuHu rrpocrpaHcTBeHHoro Jr) {[Ie BbrnoJrH.rrroT]'rrpa)l(Hekrvs, cBfl3aHHble c pa3nHqeHneM H rroncKoM oJIeMeHTapHstx o6pa3oB, cKpbITbIx B cJroxHbrx. Onu Jry{ue, qeM r(eHilII,IHbI, BbIfIorHqIor TecTbr, HarrpaBneHHbre lra oqerrHBaHHe MaTeMaTHqecKHx cnoco6socreli. Y.{eFrHe Hzrarcxolo yHzBepcureta K Kepnsn III kpea6uepn r.bnrcHrurrr, qro Irorotsble pa3nnr{vfl L4rparc"l HeMaJroBDKrrlro ponb B ycIreIxHocTH BbIlIoJILreHVtr 3aAaMbIITIJIettuit sa BbrflBJreHHe )poBH.tr npocrpaHcrBeHHoro ttws..B Ha) {HoM MHpe.qaBHo I43BecrHo, t{To nonoBble fopMOHbr oKa3brBaroT lilrvfl}frle H oplarjldqecKoe pa3BH'rHe Mo3r-ac AoHCTopHqecKHx BpeMeH. trhrer*ro rIo3ToMY Bo34erlcroue cpeAbr rIeJIb3s I43onnpoBarb or cnel II4 Qwxu Qu3prororHqecKoro Ao3peBaHHq. Korga yareHbre npeAno)Knlrv nIrfl, perueHtltt :t1ll\a.].t4, HeO6XOAUVTO6r'UO 3a[OMHHTb MapIXp\"l" I]bIB KOTOpF,TX tcHr{Jrocb, trTo M),rKqHur,I 6r,tcrpee 3afIoMHHaIoT Mapm-
s:JlPeauvtn2*44e-.
o-l6r-q
_KWFF . &
ruHqrrtt{d P}TI, TOIAA KAK)KCHITIZHbI.rI},^{IxC3ANOMUHAIOTAOPO)KHbIC opr4eHTzpbt. CHa'aana f{eHbre csvfiaJrr4, qro npocrpaHcrgeHHblfr v MareMaru.{ecxr4fi r{HTeJIJIeI(rbI MoxHo Ha3BaTb BTOpHqHbr&rHnOIORbIMH npI,I3HaKaM?I M)rKqLIrIbI, STHX cnocoSHoCl'efi orMeqanoroMy qlo npu lr.31l..r,eHr4u rorcr caMbre 6orsurue no,IIoBbIe pa3rat{p'Il. Kar slt.flcHHr}l !2x Crerum H ero noMour{rrKr{, npeBocxoAcrBo NIPKqI4TI HaA )KeHuurralr.r rro ypoBHro pa3urrrr4s, ernx cnoco6rroc'reii Mo)r(Ho tsbrpa3aTb orHollrelll4etvr 2 : 1. Tor Qarr, qTo 3TH O'trr4qufl B npocTpar{cTBeHHoM MbIITTJIeHHHflpo.rrBJrrrrorcrleIIIe Ao frorloBof o co3peBaHHfl , no/ITBepxAaIoT MHOIOqIZCJICHHbIC
ONbITbI
14 HCCJICNOBAHIjfl..
Malt.ruxn ),)Ke s B-9-ler.seM Bo3pacTe xopouo opzeHTnpyorcs B rrpocrpaHcrBe. Ecru 6-rerHHM Aer.aM TpexMepHylo Mo,4eJIb I\ATb 3 EA}]He CKOHCTp)MpOBaTb KlraccHoro t
fiilocnfl(,'ro CnOcO Ec-nuronopHrb o mdnemAnU.leCKAX pA3nVI\LUfl, MO{{ny MaJIEqI4KaMH H AeBOqKaMH AO nOApOCTKOBO|O BO3paCTa He CTOnb 3aMeTHr'I, Orlpl IIpO-
.flBr.flrorc.f, Jrr{rrrbs 1 1- 12 ter (npz peruerrlu'r,3al\as rIoBbIureuHoli crox(Hocrl4 H B Tex cJlf{aflx, KofAa ecrl Heo6xo4uuoc'rb B MareMarnr{ecKoMT'BopqecrBc)n c nospacToM cTarroB.flTc.rr BCe3ar{eTlree. Xorg ueroropbre f{eHbre nbrTaro'fc.flcRfl3arl sttcoKlrli ypoBer{b MareMarlrqecKux cnoco6Hocter:r Maru.{t4xos c Qopuupotsaur4eMy HLrx3puTeJlbrro-rpocrpaHcTBeHHoCKOpeeBCefO ro HHT'eJUreKTa, Ho, KaK3TOBbrflCHHTC.rr AaJree, aro BceBo3llo)r(Hbrecnoco6gocra ncnxoQlrl3uororl4r{enotopufi ux o6ecne.rrrBaer.He nuelu cKofo MexaHH3Ma, ycnexa nonbrrKa o6tncneuuq BbrcoKoro KaqecrBaBbrnorIjCLTI.jfl MATCMATHT{CCKHX TCCTOB PA3NHqHbIM YPOBIICM MACJIe,4OBaHI4eM COIII4 aJIbHbIM TeM aTHqecKoH noAroToBKLI,
crepeornnalr (narenarvna - npo$eccntr He AnrI )I(eHuqnrrz 4p.). Ee4oz4u,t@lnapuefttazonottgzttooKoHza,nu)4ame,uamuzecKueKypcu, 0 3 paTaVerce tuan*ut1o& 4omttm aaimu pafiomg u/ueuw & amodo6zacmu.
Kpoue aroro, as 2000 Ma?,eMarrzqeclyr rarrarrtn"uor"X ilerefi ruKoJrbHoroBo3pacra n ClllAgenourun2 pa3a pexe ocraHaBJrnsarorcsorz nu6op ua npoQeccvtv MareMarr4:ra. flpu nuno rrHe:,:'nvtMareMaruqecKux sagauuit AeBoqKH nporBJtf,ror 6ollrue 6ecnoxoricrBa, qeM ltart.{r4Kn. OHLI o6gqcHrror ycnexu v :aey1ltrlr. BHeruHHMrzo6cro_srerr,crBaMr,r(cloxuocrbro 3aqaHvttt),a tntutt ur4Kvr- JrLrqHbrMH cnoco6uoc r flMvr.Pautu'iuA B MareMaruqecKux HaBbIKax I roc.sr c-noxHr,ui xapaxTep. llepnonavaabHo AeBor{K}rnpellocxoAtT
MaJIbqHKOB B MaTeMaTIZqeCKr,IX BbrqplcJleHpffrx,
rro fro3Ar{ee roHorxu npeBocxoAqT AeB}'rxeKB perxeHHr,r 3AI.AIJ'.
/trbctloztrgr,4tamz,ltamurytmpaluguonuo ctururefi cn )rylccrcni ofzacmtn, pHoau g4epenw 6 c0ou4 )4amz,4tamuzectettcnocofrncm,n4u u,u npafiumcn pea&mb *o&ue 7a1azu, moz1a 4aa 0e6yuta1a.t ne1ocmaem & c&ou4 /t4ame/uamaze- \ cryt4na6u4t4.
Hexoropue f{eHbre nbrrarrr4cbo6rqcHuts erw pa3rwt-
.{H.s oco6eHHocT.sMU CatvtOlzl JIHI{HOCTH,a I4MeHHO nOnOtsorz polbro, KoToplTo BLJrro.rrHseT'vlHilvBkr/:: upreno4o6Frbre )KeHuIHHbr nyqIIIe cnpaBntJll{cb c TecTaMvr, AIrs Rbrno.rrHeHufl Koropbx rpe6oralucb MareMaruqecxr4e cnoco6uoc'rn. [orasau ror Qarr, qro )KeHilIHHbr,y Koroptx npeo6JraAaK)T M],KCKHe qepTbr xapaKTepa, AocTHraroT 3Har{HTeJIbHbrx ycnexoB Ha Haf{Holi cre3e, qeM )KeH[IHHbr c o6rr.{HH}{ Ha6opon )KeHcK}rx oco6eHsocteit xapax-
'repa.
(D i 5
lloteny?
Or*racrz o6t-flcFreHr4eMo)Ker Jrex(arb so6nac'rui 6vorotvwt.,rlesoe [onFxapr4e roJloBHoro Mo3ra, B KoropoM cocpeAoroqeHbr BCerleHTpbrper{H, Bo3MoxHo, 6r,lcrpee
s:llPeerrllr]2e44er-.
o{arq KartsrKrrFo co3peBaer y AeB)'IrreK.O4uaro onblT Toxe HeJIb3fl He npuHHMarb B pacqer. 9TeHue, HarlpuMep, qacro cqaTaerc.f, THruqHbI M 3aH.arHeM AeB)'IxeK. Cle4onareJlbHo, AeBy[iKI4 6olee cKroHHbI, qeM IoHolxLr,Tparv^tb BpeMl HycvrrrtH" 'ro, yro6sI oBJIaAerb nep6a-nr,Hr'IMl{ H aBbIKaMH.
&
y zuq cnocofrtocned l] t roTorri gpo&ern&epfa.ttt'uu4 t u & cma' \ no'la co,ryaH.cnmctt nrrr,loro a /|,ryJ/ccKozo
pocmu.
HbIX TCC'IOB.
pe3ynbrarbl non1nreHbl lrptl Oqenn rto6onslmrble H reTepofOMOCeKCyaJIbHbIMn MPKqHH C conocTaBJreHHH pe3ynbno Ecnu cy[wrb ceKcyaJrbHbrMr4HaIsIoHIIocrflMH. ypoBHs cTpyKTATaM BbrnoJIHeHI,Iq TeCTOBHa BbIflBrIeHr{e xar 6r,I T),pEI nHTeJIJIeKTa, TO TOMOCeKCyaJIbIHaxo.q.sT'Cq nocepeAzHe rxKaJIbI <.My)KquHa- )KeHIrIHHz,>.!:a,,aTa KaTeropzfl ntogek x1nKe cnpaBrsercs, c recraMn Ha BLtf,BJIeHlIe )poBHs ilpocTpaHCTBeHI{OfO HHTeJIJIeKTa,I{O 3aTO ropa3Ao Jlr{me ApyrHX cnpaBrqeTcfl' c 3a\\aHvrfl'Mr4 Ha cxopocrb nepequcneHuq o6ibexros oAHofi rp!'Irnbl. I4treIITO IIPH
BbIIIOJIHCHHH
TCCTOB HA H3)^{CHHC
CIO-
BapHoro 3ailaca a nep6a-nrnblx rlpeAcrar;reHrert pa3nv.+vsr npzKTHqeCKH OTC)"TCTB)'IOT. Oco6oro HHTepeca 4ocroriHLl trTorv [poBeAeHHbIx ropMorlanbHoI'o Qotra Ha )'cHccneAoBasuk o BJTT4AHVIr 3aAaHzfi. )KesBbITIOJIHeIII4' OIIpe,4eJIeIIIIbIX nemHOCT[' lra ilpocTpaHycnerxHo BbIfIolIHHTb 3aIaHVfl. ilIHHaM ypoBer{r) strcoxHIZ crBeHrIoe MbIIrIreFIlre rtoMorael ora 3aBncLrllocrr, o6TecrocrepoHa B KpoBH. V uprvaH PATHA'T.,T\^T
ITTC CNP A BTIIOTCq
C M ATC M ATHqCCKI,IM
Onumnu.,trnymalt 1org7auo, zmo 0e&oz41t,u"Uepryue&ucotgtigpo&enoanfoozeuo4,lxgzarzcnpa&tut pmce c mecfla,,l4u na hun&zeuueypo&u.nn?ocmpatr-
po&ecuugu.
3a noclegHue 2O ner pa3Hlrlla MeXAy pe3ynbraralla, nor)rueHHbrMH TIOCJIeBbInoJIHeHpIg TecToB Ha BbIqBIeHUe I'r.s,cr ura MeHbIxe. }poBrur npocTpaHcTBeHHOro MbIITTJIeH kI sce xe T. lI. Xwrzon s 1985 r., rlporecrl'IpoBaB 23 rsc. A 3HAI{VfieIrbHble pa3nHr{I4s MOKAy r4cnbrTyeMblx, BbUIBI4JI roHorxaMr-{ H AeB}'IUKaMIj npv BbITToJIHeHHHBbIIXe}r€3aH-
PCCHO,
Ha, Te, y Kofo ).poBeHbSTofo ropMoHa AoBonbHoBbrcoK, cnpaBJrrrorcr xf)Ke. V xeHulnu taxofi 3aBrrcriMocrn He o6HappreHo.
cm&euuozo,,rttttu!"qerfi.ln, zd4 ut nofuryto&euuuzl
+#
II, T CCT A -
yp oBeHF, Tecrocrepo NrH M)rytqr4r{br, HMeK)uI Lre rrl.d3ld.r4l't
-
_,r\fr7v* ^ & Y.
\
+#
npoBenP.n. ffiQopa. Cnoeo6passneo6creAoBaHns, MbrrrrreOH npeglatur 3aqaHvrfl Ha rrpocrpaHcrBeHHoe HHe )KeHIIIHHaM AO pOAOB 14 TIOCIe HHx: Be/4b I,IMeHHO B aro BpeMr npocJroruBaercs rrpeAenbHoe xore6anze creneHx coAep)KaHns fopMoHoB B opraHu3Me. Kax roJrbKO ypoBeHb ScTporeHoB B KpoBH )r(eHrrlr4H crrv)KaJrc.rr,KaqecTBo BbrnoJrHeHu.fi npocTpaHCTBeHHbrx TecToB pe3Ko Bo3pacraJro. Apyrrde aBTopbr B cBoux HccJreAoBaHr4.qxBbrB nepvoA flr,vurkr noHH)KeHHe yMCTBeHHofi arrlrsHocru H MeHcrpyatr'sof,t rrpeAMeHcTpyatsaoir Qasu LIHKra. To y MIDKqHH Ectu 6parn MareMarvqecKue cnoco6socru, gaBncrv'ocrb MOKAy )'poBnpocJrelrnBaercfl o6patuax HeM IOpMOHOB H yCICIIIHL'IM BbInOJIHeHZett 3AgauUrt, a y )KeHUIHH TaI{.As.CBf 3b OTC)"TCTByer. Crpelrrteuua v nonbrrKu oAorlerb pa3nocrb rIoJIoB, KaK rrpaBr4rro, HHHrlHHplror f{eHbIe-)KeHIIIHHbI.,[, il. Ya6ep BbrcKa3aJranpeAnono)KeHHe o ToM, qTo Ha ycnelxHoe BbInoJrHeHr4e TecTots BIrvfleT He Bo3pacT, a vH/jlBrr.[yanbHas cKopocrr' noJroBoro co3peBaHHt{ opraHH3Ma (aror npoqecc KoHTponHplror ropr'loHtr). Tarzu o6pasovr, Te JIIOAH, KOTOpbre Onepe)KaroT fro pa3Bv"rvfio poBecHr{KoB, conrrile cnpaBnsTbcfl c 3anaHl"ltrMLt OTBeTCTBeHHOAOJDnHbT nep6al;Hr,rx recroB, qeM npocrpaHcTBeHHttx. Tax KaKAeBOqKLTneperoH-flIoT MaiIbr{HKoB B pa3RI{THI4, HX fl3bIKOBbIe HAA npOCTpaI IC'l'IlClI I II)lM11. HaBbIKI4InaBCHCTBITOT ycnexoM noATBepAHtIa cBoc Itpc/\roilolL Ya6ep c [. )I(eHHe, HO, KpoMe Hee, HptKTo K ee AaHHbIM UHTepeca He
rIPorBHn' G;r* a,
I
s,,qeoanrotoo"*o.*
o-t6rq ru',qruHo
B 1983r. yreHuft Kanu$opuprficxoro uHcrwryra BurepHfr myr opraHr.r3oB ?ra
MapKepOB
nOKa3aJIH, t{TO
npocrpaHcTBeHHbrecnoco6uocrr,r perxaTeJrbHbrM o6pa3OMOTJrHrrarOTC_s HaCJre.4OBaApyI OTApyra MeXaHU3MOM uws..Llssecrrrr,r v Apyfae orrr.r3oAbrreHeruqecKr4x ri fopMoHaJrbHr,rxorK.rroHeuufi. llpulrepoM ToMy qBrrerc.fl cHHApoM lllepeurencroro -Tepuepa, XO-cnHApo[r, My)Kcrori ncengorepnaQpo 4urusM. V.renue HccJreAoBaJrvKilnr.vrr
&
. A'
.-
nottrlltb c,+tuc,z cto&, ,ugrczuuu ucnanzbdltfi4'mo6u ) | pm npeu,t4q4ecm&eano pecyVcw ze&ozo no/xgwapu-q, a zreHilJuHu- o6ou4. -flJi) \-{"t
Y xeuqvu npeo6la4aer nepeAH.f,.s nonarv3ar\vrfl. cHcreMbr uz6pauun Aeficrswl/. (ceHcolnroropHarr peryJrsr1rnx),a y M1DKr{uH- 3a4Hs.s.lloarouy B cJr},qaflx rroBpexnro[eljwtr 3a[Hkrx oTAeJroBroJroBHofo Mo3fa M],rKr{r4Hbr xo crrpaBJlf,rorcs c recroM oKy6nrx Kocca> (cloxeuue Qzryp no AaHHoMynpvnepy), a y)KeHrrIHnraxolZ xe eQQerr npocJroKr4Baercsnpr4 [oBpo(AerrHu nepeAHr.txor.IIenoB. Couacno KoHrlenqr4r4 H llencgent4 Koropaq noATBep)KIeHaero nr4r{HbruuHa6llog ela:aflMia 3a rrarfveHTaMla c ga6oresaHueM anriurerrcr4eliu pesynrraraMr4 Hoeeriilrlx r{ccJreAoBaH uit, or ge nnt Mo3ra, Koropbre KorrrpoJrup}'ror rrpocrpaHcrBeHHbre n eep6am,Hue cnoco6Hocrr4, B M)rKcKoM oprar{r.r3MepacnonoxeHbr B npoTHBonoJro)r(HoM rroJrFrapvv, a B )r(eHcKoMopraHlr3Me npu6nuzmrenbHo ropoBHy npzc),rcrBlror s o6ozx norryrnapkrflx.lloarouy noBpoKAeHLreJreBoro rToJryrrrapvs. Mr)KcKoro oplariH3 Ma H3MeHfler pe3ynt;TarbrBbrfroJrHeHrzx nep6alr,ubrx recroB, a noBpexAeHr4enpaBofo nonFxapvfl. - Henep6amur,rx 3aI\aqHe B nf{ruyo cropoH}'. YxeHuluH )KeKaqecrBo BbrrroJrHeHn.snep6alr,nrrx r4 HeBep6a-nsuuxlecroR He 3aBLrCr4"lOT TOIO, r{TO flOnymapl4e MO)I(er 6slrl nOBpOKAeHHbrM. Kpoue rofo, ,qeBoqKH crroco6Hu oAuHaKoBo pyKoft onpeAenuTb Ha oul)mb ycnerrrHo unerotrunpasofr rrpeAMeTbr, B To BpeMq KaK Mairbrrr4Kll 3}{aqvTenbHo KaqecTBeHHee BbrrroJrH.sroT3TH 3al\aHnfl, c noMotrlbro reBorz pyKut. Cauoe pacnpocrpaHeHHoe o6rscHeHrae Hacro.aqlrx flBreHvn - gBonroqHoHHoe: Bo3HnKHoBeHHe B xoAe ecrecrBeHHoro o'r6opa B afloxy aHTporrorerre3a crreuepnHori rIHaJrbHbrx Qyurquri cprcreMbl MyrtcKofo LrxeHcKoro opraHur3MoB, KoTopble fIoMofJIPI npHcnoco6ntscs K crporo onpeAeJIeHHbIM )KH3HeHHbIM o6ssasHocrqM. Mp*c.{nHrr nocrorHHo n}'TerrrecrBylor pI oxorsrcq, )KeHUIHHbI rrpHcMaTpvBaro'l 3a AOMaIIIHI4M or{afoM v3a Aerbv.u. Ho aro roJIbKo npeArIoJIo)KeIIHe. I4rorw npoBe.qeHl{blx I{cctle.4 oBaHr4n Iro I toBo/\y Bep6arnHux, MareMarnr{ecKux H rlpocrpaHcrBel{Hblx cnoco6nocrefi ganu o6parHble pe3ynLirarbl. hasFltrN{ o6pa-
soPeQaaro"4-te-& -'{-r?ty79.
r,frr o.".o Kauqrcrt{o 3OM npOTl4BOpeqLIBbIAaHHbIe, KoTopble I'IMeIoT oTHoIIreHlre K o6ulevry yMCTBeHHoMy pa3BHTHto. Bceu v3BecrHo, qro AeBoq:r-u Ha paHHeM 3Tane (B AoIxKonbHoM Bo3pacre), KaK npaBr{ro, o6roHator MtuIbqHKoB B HHTeJIJIeKryaJrbHoM pagBr"tvrr4. fio 2O-3O ner cpeAHecra"tr4c"ruqecKL{e noKa3arelrr 10 M}ar.{IaFI H )KeHITIHHoqeHb noxo)Ka. Cpegu MaJrbrrrrKoB MHoro KaK I4HTeJIJIeKTyaJIbHoorcraI4irtenno raraluTlluBsrx. Jlbrx, TaK u rrrTelrileKryanbHo numnuag no6egurel efi o npeBaJlupylor cpeAu MaJrbrrr.rKz B IIIKO.IIAX,
Onulrnuinr nyreM ) {eHble vccnep.oBanl,I Kar{eclBeHHble oTrr4l{v[ HHTeTIeKTa MpKCKOTO LI )KeHCKO|O OpfaHH3Mos. B aKcnepHMeHTa.IIbHoM o6creAosa u':avr ilpvll;ir4Matfir yqacrne My)Kr{HHbI H )KeHIrIHHat or 20 ao 40 JIer, BbI6 o p ra pes.vJlbraroB IrpoHCXo Avlna ilo cnf{azHoMy ilpHH qllrIy. HHTenneKTa MPK9ro6tr o6uapyxcurc oco6esrrocra qull v )r(eHrrIHH, rreHbre npoBeJIH 3KCnepnMeHTaJIbHOe HccrreAoBaHue, HCnorI szy n ltl € Cltl Cnp y Kn yp U Ail n etAe K -
na Anmnygpd.
Ort 6srl npeglo)r(eFr P. Aurxayapo*r
B 1953 r. Cna,rura HcnbrryeMbrM pa3:bflcHflracb Ilenb paaacrpofi. C uo60rrr, opraur.r3oBbrBaJrc.fl noAxoAslrlutt Moulbro recra crp)'KTlpbr HHTeJIJIeKTaAnrxaycpa H3Mepr{roT }poBeHb v HTeJr.[eKrya.rrbHoro pa3BLrTr4s.I,IHAHBIZAOB B Bo3pacre or 1 3 go 6l ro;a. Hacroxulzh recr cocrolzr Iz3 9 cv6recron. Kax4rtfi Ll^sHL\x copHeHTI4poBaH Ha HccneAoBaHHe pa3nHqHbrx Qy'urqnri r{HTerureKra Bo BCex rp}'nnax 3aAaq. l4cxlrroqeHne flpeAcraB.l.rrrol verneprufr urecrorZ cy6recru, rAe rrpeAlr ararorcJ{ 3aryaHwr 3aKpbrroro
see. Dro cnoBo Lr flBrrflercn HcKoMbrM.9acro 20. BpernlqBbrnoJrHeHus- 6 r.r.uu.
x"
sap.auwir-
Tpenui cy6necn c,Aaaloeuu,u. BsrssreHueypoBHs xorrl6zHaropHbrx cnoco6uocrerl. B KaxAoM 3aI.a}l,vrr4 vrcnbrryeMoMy npe All'araet.cst3 cJroBa.MonAy nepBbrMr.rBTopbrM HMeercr onpeAeneHHarrcBq3b.llocre rperbefo croBa - ilpoqepr. Zs nffTr4 npeArro)KeHHbrx K 3a4alllz.K) vepcvttt orBeroB HyrKHo ocraHoBaTr csori nlr6op Ha raKoM cJroBe,Koropoe 6rrro Mo)KHocB.rr3arbc rperbuM TeM xe cnoco6oM, KaK u [Ba nepBbrx. 9zcro saqaHuir.- 2O. Bpeu.s Bbr[oJrHeHus- 7 MHH\,"I.
''lencepnui
cyfinecn ttlAaccufluKaqunu. oqeHnna-
Hue )poBHq cnoco6Hocru swpa6arbrBarb o[peAeJreHH]'ro TorrKy 3peHr,rfi.I4cnrlryeur,tIi gonxeH o6re4utt:,arn 2 cnogncro sagaaufi - 16. Bpernrx na o6uqurrrnpeACTaBneHHeM. BbIrroJIHeHwg- B tvtutt.
llnneri cyanecn a,3adaaue ila cqetur, oqeuunaHze ypoBHq QopunponaHur npaKTr.{qecxoro MareuarnqecKoro MbrrrrJreHnr.Cy6recr AoDKeH 6uru cocraBJleH us2OapuQMerHr{ecKax 3aAaq. Bpeur BblnonHeHhs 10 nuu. uecnoti cyanecn &ndtt qucetur, AHarus HHAVKTTTBHoro Mbrrxretrr4g.,cnoco6rrocrn onepl4p oBaHl,z'trvucra' lru. B 2O sagaunflx HIDKHo rlaitru 3aKoHoMepHocrb nocrpoeHu-fl r{HcroBoro pqAa H npoAoJDKHTbero. Bpeul - IO vtutt. BbIrIoJrHeHus.
Cedeaoi cyfinecn *8e6op Queypt, flpesuaaHaveu
BaeTCfl HCCneAOBaHIde AH/\\'R'|VLBHOrO MbIIrIJIeHrr.fl , "rr3brKo-
p;ltr raccrre4oBaHr4fl xovt6It HaropHblx cnoco6noc r efr. Vc nbrryeMoMy npeMafaror KaproqKH, rAe npeAcraBtleHbl paz6vnr;e Ha HecKoJlbxo .{acreli reoMerpuqecKue Qnrypr,r. Heo6xoAr.rMo na{rrw KaproqKy c QarypoIi, Koropafl c oorBercrByer p a3AenesHoIi Ha sacr v. 9 ncl o zagauwit'- 7 vuu. 20. BpernlqBbInonHeHHs.
Bbrx rraBbrKon.3agava HcrrbrryeMoro - 3aBeprrrzTbnpeAJrorxeFrHe oAHr4M H3 rrpeA.rro)KeHHbrxcnoB. Hacro gailauuft. - 20. Bperr,r.rr BbrnorrHeHntr- 6 unn. Enopoi cy6nbch, wsyuetrne cnoco6rrocreri x a6crpal-p{ponaHHro,ortepupoB a:':'lzrosep6amHr,rMH [orrrrrvrsMr4. B xa;rgolr :la/lanuu prcrrbnveMoMyrrpe/{naraor 5 croe. tr4:rrrrx 4 cBrrsartr Me)relyco6ori rto crrbrcnY a I - lwut-
noKa3aTenH, cxoAHble no xapaKTepv c TeMI4,KOTOpbIeI43Mep.srrucb B ceAbMoM cy6recre. B xax,r\ou ttz 20 za aswh )M H3MeIIeFInry6, o[peAeJleHur,tll tlCtl'l:t:]( npegaraercx nr,rri otsocl4TellbHo paga xy6on. HyacHo coo'l'llcc'l'tl npeAcraBJreHHbtft t
TIlilA.
llepcuti cydnecn dloeaqecrui on6op,t,Ilo4pasyue-
cn 86cenoti cy 6n ecn * i adaqa c Ky5uKan&r. vls1rtaror
o-,'rrt-e -lD^-^ S
-il
saperzutt'De44ekq kUHqKclFTO
ll
le cn nU ti cy 6 n € CDt. 3 treca no4o6paur,I 3aIL\HvtTHa BbIcocpeAoroqllBarb BHHMaHI4eH co.rrBJreHHecnoco6nocru xpaHqrb B naMgru Bbryr{eHHoe. I4cnsrryenabtk o6ssau sarroMHrzrb p.ag onpe.qeJleHHblx cJIoB H :eainu HX cpeAu Ap)'rplx, npe/IJIox(eHHbIx B 3arannw. C,roea, npe/IHa3Haqe HHble MA 3anov'lrHa;:'r4fl ., 3aI I eceHbl s r a6 nuglt rro on pe AeJTeHHbIMrp)"TrnaM. O6qee Kornr{ecrRo 3arIoMHHaeMbIX - 3 tvtwtt. cJIoB - 25. Bpeutx 3arIoMHHanws ra6nullbl gzcro sagamufi. - 20. Bpeu.fl BbInoJIHeHHs'- 6 vuuyr.. recr cocrou'r v3 175 salanwi. O6qee flomocrllo ortepallull BpeMfl BbInoJIHeHr{s 6ez nogroroBlzretlbHblx r{ rrHcrpyKTupoBaHlrn - 90 uzn. flpu no4cv rrrbrBa:e^nrr.6amos (xpome verneproro cy6recra) raxq4r,IrZnepHuli orBer oIIeHI4BaerctY | 6ant.llpw no46ope recroBblx zagawuit aBTop tne4oBz;r AByM rnaBHbrM npHHrIHnaM: 1) o6ecnevuTb npelenbHo BbIcoK!'Io Koppenqqalo KDKpesyJlsragoro cy6recra B coorBercrBall c o6quuu TAMI]; Bo3MolI(npeArroJlaraeMblx p$yntjraloB 2) gocruxeHze 6lona MOI(Ay orAeJIbHbIMI4 Ho rrr4rrrbnpn Koppe ril\uv MI43aAaH]''A. flauwi'tit Bbllre recr co3AaRalrcfl B nepB]'Io oqepcAb KaK 'rccr Nw. lJr4atHocTrlpoBaHHs ypoBHs HH'reJUIeKTaB ctsfl3l{ ncl{xo/Iv arl{ocrrrxu, ;1LII c ga4asaMLr.npoQteccltonan*tofl npHroAl{ocru. llpu pazBbnrcr{eHrrfi npoQeccuonar;uofi pa6orxe recra Aurxayap orrr.rpa;lcfl Ha ro, qro paccMarB HeAenzplrBur r{HTeJnreKr xax oco6ylo noAcTpyr$}pv nrofi crpyclype rar{Hoc'ru. Y.{eHtte npuBeJru AoKa3arenbcrBa roro, t{TO HII'reJIneKTy nHrI M)rKcKoro froJra Bbrlrre, qeM y )KeHCKoro. V.{eFrHe ws A:nrnuu no pe3ynbraraM npoBeAeHHbrx uccJreAoBarrufi. 24 rt'tc. cryAeH'roB ilpnmnkr K cneAyroqeMy BbrBoA_y: roeQQNqlleHT yMCTBeHHbrx cnoco6rrocreli My;rtr{r4H (IQ) vrueer noKa3areJrb, xoropuli B cpeAHeM Ha 5 nyuxron Bbrrrre,qeu xerrcrptri. B .{acrHocru, xoeQQuqlreHT r4HTe.rr.rreKTa,panntttli' 125 eJrytlr'tlar,r (4auulrri noxasarenb xapaKTepeH Anfl or-
ruavHuxon), y M)rKqHH nonaAaercq n 2 pasa qaqe, qeM y)KeHrrIr4H.A npegcranureneit cuJrbHoro noJra c IQ, panuuu 155 egwuwtlart,s 5,5 paaa 6onrrure,qeM cla6oro. loxTop II. Hpaanr H3 )'HuBepcvnela Mauuecrepa u npoQeccop ncnxon oil4u H3 Oltcrepcxoro vHlrBepcv rera P.JIwtn npoBeJruHecKoJlbKoaKcnepr,rMenros.B urore oHH orryz6rzxonuvt noryseHrrbre pe3ynbrarbr r4cclrenosauvrf4 A npvBenw AoKa3areJrbcrBaroro, r{TO ypoBeHb uHTeJrJreKTa BCe)KerzMeerrrp.flMyrocBr3b c noJroM.Koue.rHo, oqeHb xoreJrocb 6sr nepurl B To, qro paBHonpaBve MOKAyfroJraMnBnOtrHeBeposTHo, H B rIeJroM3To rrcTr4HHoe yrBep)K/{eHr{e.I4retv' He MeHeeroATBepxAeuzri Tofo, qro Bilvfrrll'rr 6prororuqecrux QarropoB Ha ypoBeHb r{HTeJIJIeKTa r{e yr{r4TbrBarbHerb3.f,,froflBrurerc-rrBce 6oluue u6omruc. Crour HanoMHHTb,rrro npoQeccop P. "IIunH npocJraBnrrcs,crarbflMr4, a Koropbrx oH conocraBrsJr IQ lro4eli, KOTOp[,rerrpHHaAnex(arrvr K pa3rr4rrHbrMpacaM H cTparraM. 82003 r. uw 6tvtw ony6rarooaHbr cBeAeHH.fl no 50 rocyAapcrBaM.Cgr ux cocroflJra B T'oM,qro crenerrb npouBe^tarrvtrcrpaHbr nprMo nponop4r4onaJrbHa cpe4uenrylQ ee riACCltrCHIdA.
Tor Qarr, qro )poBeHb nHTerrJreKTay npeAcraBuTeJrbHnq cra6ofo frona HHlKe, r{eM y culr,rrofi noroBHHr,r qeroBeqecrBa, MHorHe HccneAoBarenw o6sncrtrrror reM, qro [pH3BaHHe X(eHrrIHr-r- npoAoJDKeHr.re poAa qeroBeqecKofo. Mlx.rtzsa )Ke AoDKeH nocBrrL.rrb ce6x perueHzo npo6reu Mr4poBoro nacrnar6a. Orroro BbrpilKeHue <.Jry.{rxe MeHbIUe, Aa JllqII]e'> BnoJrHe yMecTHo. Ten ue MeHee M),rKqHHbrneAorp6ruBaror 3,4paBoMbrcrfln\yIx )I{eHIrIHH. Tolt'xo tloroMy, .{ro6tI pqAoM c HHMH caMHr\t He BbIULflAeTbln)rrro. z ece xe HeKoTopLtre )KeHITIHHbr, a oco6eHHo BJraAenuqrr 6omuroro 6locra, noflBrfl-scb, nplrKoBbrBaor r ce6e BHHMaHHe Bcex flpucyrcrB]'Iounx B 3TOM MeCT'eMPKqHH. Auepnxaura Hnoa Poccgefri, col IHoJI()t' t to o6pa:oeanoABox. Ilo't'onyHr4ro, BcetAa oqyrrlaJra B oroM rarofi-ro To oHa 14 B3sracb cpaBHHTb cBeAeHHJI o pa3Mepe 6ncra u IQ y 1200 o6rrxnoBeHHblx coorer{ecrBeHHl4ll.
*L -L.-^ 5"
o-,'a16,
s:.oPegattrne'l.4ep.
ll
I4r oru c o II l4on orzr{e c Ko f o o n poc a Henp I4ffTHo YAusu 6tocta nv VIr;IH PoccAeftl: y o6nagareJlbHl4u 6oluloro KooQQnIII4eHT zHTeJIneKTa B cpeAHeM BbIIrre Ha 5-10 rryHKTOB, qeM y Tex, KoMy HeqeM noxBaJlHTbcfl. Ha MoMeHT I{CCneIOBTHvttr BCeX UCnbITyeMbIx pa34enl,j'lftr' Ha Bo BHI'IMaHI4epa3Mep rpyAl4: n.rrb Karefopwft,npwuvMar HaIiJr]Has.c caMofo Ma/IeHbKoro H 3aBeplxar caMbrM'6OlSurnlr. llocle SToIo )(eHtqHHaM npeMo)IuJII4 BI'IIIOJIHHTI) recra Ha onpe.4eneune I Q. 3a1atr:zrfl.craHlaprHoro qro BJIa,qeJIrrIrbI rIbIIrIHhIx pesyllrare oKa3aJlocb, B 10 nyHIooB BbIIrre rex, Ha pe3ynuTarbl 6rccros vrv,elrv BocxHIrIeHun' fia;r'<e BbI3bIBalI He rpyAr{ yKoro pa3Mep qbz B 3oJIoroIZ ona3uwrcb pa3Mepbl 6ncra yrex.qaMoqeK, Ha norf{I4rcq I4HTeJIJIeKTa cepeAuHe, xoe@QuqueHT qeM rpyAblo' nlocxofr y c AaM 3-5 rryuxros 6olr,me,
I
;tD :..,....
llouemyxe ilaKnou ttenodosqeoaen, paenep .tnorattt4utt6t,alnept4ue ? netueKnYaAKa 6pcna, ilacnorulaeail^onewoti
PoccAeli.tl )tsepeHa, qro B 3ToM BI4HoBHbI Coquolor ToJrbKo JIHITIb MpKqHHbI: <.Bnecto roro 'r:ro6bl yAen-flTb BHr.rMaHHeylly cnoeft co6eceAHxqr,I, 6oraro ogapeuuofi OHI4 TOJIbKO oT rrpHpoAbl x(eFIcKl{MI4 ,4OCTOUHCTBaMH, Ll4elraroT, qTo n),'cKaIoT cJIloHI4 B SKCTa3e IIOXOTJII4BO|O BO)(.IICJICFIH.A,>.
r{To )KeHUrI-{Ha c 6oluruulr 6rccrovt llpegnonoxaM, nocrpoenpuHrlrrnbl MIDI${I4Hofi c npzMerc.rr o6cpxgart HZq reopulr orHocHTeJIbHoc'r'I4 Dliuurrel:rsa. Tar, KpoMe H3) {e}rnr t'ly6uuu ee AeKonFiI'e,oH Hl4r{eu He cnoco6en 6olrure 3aHnMarbcq. Eoree roro, rloroM oH AalKe H He O qeM BeJIH pa3fonop. B rTaMtr'lu cMo)KeT BCTIONIHHTb, M),rrqr4Hbr cKopee Bcero orJIo)K?ITC.[ urrQopnaqu-s o ceKcya,rruofi fp,v4tz co6ece4rurllL,I, IIo rre o cauofr xeFIilII4He. Tenepr, pa3yMeercr, craJlo ltcHo, orlryrxa no-sBl4nocb KpaczBblx x(eIIIIIHH. Pas la1,rygnlra MrreHHe o f,qlrlocru Hr4qefo, npoMc o6rr'eua 6roc.Ia, I{e 3arIoMHl4Jl,To raM, lAe 3.Iot' o6rL,ctrt olcyrcrByer, ocraHwc-fl ToJIbKo JII4IrIb Boc flo -
^ &
x"
kcrHsrKuFo
v.vrr:.aHlafl o6 yucrseHHbrx cnoco6nocrqx AaMbr,Koropa.f, y 4ocr owna ero 6ece4ori.
pA3m,tr{ug 2.4. UHIEITAEKT U pACOBbtE Pacoit Ha3brBaror rplrrny r'togeft, Koropbre HMeror orqerJrnBo pa3nrzqr4Mbre rrpH3HaKH. Bsqe 3a ocHoBy gro onpeAeJreHr{e, MHorHe r4cctrqAoBaTeJrr,r coBeprxajrrr MHofor{pICJIeHHbrenonbrrKH pa3AenHTb o6qecrso Ha <,lg'Lr3Lrrvrx>t4 <.Bbrclrrr4x'>. [o ueganuefi nopu f{eHble norataJrv, qTo oTMeqaeMan pa3HHrIa Melvly rzHTenneKTyaJrbHbrM pa3BrrrveM rro Aen, npHHaAJre)Karrlrrx pa3HbrM pacaM, onpeAeneHa rre 3aKoHaMyr reHerHKH, a noslelicrnuen BHerrrHHX@axropon, R ToM qr4cre corlHa;rbHoro. Ho lruofHe AaHHbIe ilo3BoJr_trro1'r'OBOpHTb O TOM, qTO no[IyrrrlHu v pacrt TeM He MeHee lre roxollsT l{p}'I rra Apy'a no cTpoeur.rro {HK. [pyumu croBaMlz, pacbr paccMarpwBaK)'t'ctl B KaqecrBe rerrernqecnofi pealr,nocru. LI r{To )Ke B TaKoM cnr{ae BIHqeT Ha noBeAeHHe riefloBeKa, Ha pa3Br4Tr4eelo yMcrBeHHbrx cnoco6nocreli - KaKHe-To oco6er{}rbre feHbl L4IIL7 eOCnH'rat I He? <.AHK BCex nrogeit, rte3aswcr{Mo or rlBera Hx Ko)KH HTeKcrypbr Borroc, coBnaAaroT wa9L),97", TaK qTo c reHetnqecxofi ToqKH 3peHn.s noHrrae pacu 6eccMbrcJrer{Ho>. 9.rlz cJroBa yreHori C. Jlepuan rrpHBo/Ir4T Ha cnoux crpaHurlax rroJrb3)'K)rr,ufict aatopzTeroM )rqpHaJr <Scientific American'>. Cor:racHo AaHHofi ro.{Ke 3peHrur orMeqeH Hbre oT rru\lkrs. MelKAy npeAc'r'aBHTerrr{Mv p a3rrHqHbrx pac onpeAensroTcrr BrrLlflHI"j.eMFre feHeTHr{ecKHX, a BHerxHvx QaxropoB, a ocHoBHbrM cpep.l HHx Mo)r(Ho cq]rrarb corlzaJrbHbr fr . Cuutu,rlepir.raH, oilupascb Ha pe3ynblarbr HCCneAoBaHJl.ir,o'rpvrfaer caMo onpeAeneHhe pacbr, rtcxoArr u3 reHeluqecrofo crpoeHrrs. Ona )Ke )"TBepnqlaer', r{To pacbr npeApac[oJlo]KeHbt x lto,1llQ rlKa III4.qM KaK c reorpaQu.{ecxoft ToqKH 3peHHq, r'AK H c rrr"r'o1-ll.tuecxori. Kor4a ) {eHbre orBoA.flT qepec\ryp Ba;Kltvttl po;rr, /UIK, ro TaKr4Mo6pasornl IrpeBpaqaor BoIIpoc o cocl'or{urill 3/lopoBbr (rar @r.rsavecKoro, TaK H vMcrBeuHoro) e 6nororH-
o{6rq
,ftr
sapegan'""oq"<4
kunsrrctrd
qecKFo Hene6oxnocrr,. Bnecre c reM cyrqecrByer HeManl.i.it co6na3H rrpaMeH.rrrb oAprH H Tor x(e HHcrpyMeHT, BbrcKa3brBarr MHeHr{e o reHerr.rqecKorz ocHoBe npec1}mHbrx crcrroHHocT ei't ustu ).poBHs pa3Bl,.,Tr4fl.HHTeJrJrercra. B o6rqeft cJro)KHocra MHeHve o roM, .{ro 6orsuoe BrrLlflH]"JeHA pA3BIdTLrenr4qHOCTr4B pa3Hbrx 3THr.rqecKr4x H paCOBbIx rplmnax OKa3r'IBaIOT yC-rIOBI{fl N(fiI3HLI, CnpaBeAJrraBo.Teu ue MeHee pa3rnrfr4r Ha reHerprqecKoM ypoBHC BCC XC CCTb. ,l-.
&
lzeHue ce?bedtozo&opttmo no)4, tmo nollflfaozue \ ng,ugua a pacu a,ttenm omJluzHuerpgz om tfoyn '
Elrfft . nocmpoeHuo
XO)KNCHHCM,
\
ift;},
06 arou Ha crpaHnrlax )qplraJra oB uape Ha)'Kpr>roBopr4JrJI.)I(tnotorcffi , npoQeccop, AoKTop 6zororu.{ecKHx Halx. Mnorne f{eHbre LIenHKoMH noJrHocrbro coffracHbr c 6olrurtrcrBoM noJro)KeHr'lfiCannu.Ilepvrau. B cauorr AeJre,MHeHHeo roM, uro pdCbl- aro rpynnbl llogeft c acHO BHAHMT'IILU UOpQOrOrr4qeCKUptU
naH3e, )KHByrrIae n ogHoli crae. O4uaKo JrroAH He r.rAeH_ TnqHbr Ap)'r Apyry Ha reHerur{ecKoM )poBHe (o coelageunu IHK noxHo roBopaTb roJrbKo orHocrzreJrbHo t4AeHTHr{Hsrx 6nrsHeqon): MbI Bce, or Ma:rraAo BeJrHKa,Herloxoxol Apyr Ha Apyra. Onupancr Ha AaHr{bre rrocneAH:,z.x r4ccne1osaalz,ir, MHOrr4e yr{eHbre yfBep)KAaroT, rrTo npeAcTaBHTeril4 pa3_ -rrr4rrHbrx rroryrns4ayi v pac Rce )Ke HMeror pa3nuqHoe crpoeHlre [HK. Ho orrrvtrrusr Ha feHeraqecKoM ypoBHe caMocTorTeJrbHo He MoryT cJrpKHTb KpHTepHeM lrJrfl,lHA_ cneAcrBeHHoro FrepaBeHcrBa ntogefi c pa3HbrM npoac_
OCO6eHHOCTqMH,
,4aBHbrM-AaBHo craJro Kpv repr.reM pa3AerreHr4s, rfio[eh Ha Hu3rrrue r,r Bbrcrlne cron. Orilurrvr MOKAy pacav.r B r-IBeTe BOJTOC H KO)r(HOIOnOKpOBa, a TarcKe nO HHbrM COnpOBO)KAarOrqHM npr43HaKaM B nOCneAHee BpeMrr ct{kytaJrn 6asoit AJr.rrnoJro)KeHns. o HepaBeHcrne lrc4eli c 6uoloru.recKofi Tor{Krr 3oeHl4fl . Ece en uxa tt i cuxoaoe un, 6asupyncr Ha cBeAeHKqx, noJrr{eHHbrx B pe3ynETaTe TecTHpoBaHI-dfl Ha Bbr.sBreHHe ypoBH.f, HHTenneKryaJrbHoro p a3Bvrrr4fl,npo6onalu apryMeHTr4poBarb norox(eHHe o reHeTHqecKorz rlpnpoAe HepaBHoI'o nonoxeHwr pac. Bce-TaKH nor4/nqrluoHHarr rer{erLrKa iloKa3aJra HeBo3Mo)KHocTb cyulecTBoBaH}ffr raxoit Tor{KH 3peHr,rfl. BuscHzlocb cneAyroqee: npeACTa Bur erru oguoli u roir xce pacbr orJrr4r{ax)Tcfl Ap),T or Ap}Ta HaMHoro cpltrbHee, tieM npeAcTaBu'relrtz^ pa3rur{Hbrx pac. Concelr HeAaBHO \ :reHbre I\or.a3aJrIJ.,rITo IroAr,I, npHHaAJIOKAn\Ve Kpa3HbrM pacaM, HMeroT oTrr4r{Hoe no cBoeMy cTpoeHr4ro AHK u ueurrueft crefreHu, rreM pa3nr4qgbre Br4AbrrxHM-
Om.ryuzusHa zeHetfluzecK.o)4 ypo&ne cpe&t nongnngui u ?at Herbtt czumlrmbfiuozozuzecq*tt neVa6eucm6ottt:onu nog&uzacr,a&o,rnguoruuurungnullt u /ttozyrfla&oznguounomVaucfop,+tupo6amru. flpune4eHHtrft erlrrre AoBoA, onpoBepravttgwir npwcyrcrBHe reHerHqecKax orrvtqvtrz MexAy npeACTaB?I Terrfl,_ MH pac, Ha caMoM AeJreHM He qBr.sercx. EeccnopHo. B cocraB reHoMa qeJroBeKaBxoAurr 6olee rpex MnH HyKneoruAoB. A ecla roqHee, 10 roBop.f,To napax Hy'rcleorr4AoB, rroroMy rtro B cocraR IHK nxo4nr /IBe KoMrureMeHTapHbreUerH. 6laro4apx 3ToMy 99,9% coBnaAeHrrfinnu O,I%"pasnuvnrlronopzT o ToM,qTo rroAprHenoxo)KHAplT Ha Ap)'ra H3-32 HArI"jr{4q .fpex MnH IIzp HyKrreoTHAoB. flo scefi BeposrHocrw, hoAbuee quao flAcnoflula)( onAa-
qua PacnoAoxeflofla uflQopmaquonfloamolqat4ub)
yqACnKAX eeflOmA. Ho n ocraBrxuxcfl Q)+rruIHoHaJrbHo HeMaJIoBOKHbIx ortrur{r.l fi 4onol tno, vto6sr cnerarb LrHg'wrl44yanbHbrM KD{rAoro qeroBeKa. Vxe AoKa3aHo, qro ro cBoeMy crpoeHzro lHK veloneKa H rxr4MnaH3e noxo)rfl4 na 98-99%. Ha nepnrllZ nsuxg ara qzQpa Mo)Ker noKa3arbc.[ AoBoJrbHo 6olturorZ. Teu ue MeHee qenoBeK rr IrrHM[aH3e qBr.rrrorc.fipa3HbIMH 6uoJrolrr.rccKHMH nlE1aMH, PA3T,CAI4HCHHbIMH
KAK MHHHMYM
5 IT.IITTJIC'I', I(O'I'OPbIC
nponlJla oT n3oJrHpoBaHwfl, r4x 3BOJfiOqr4OHr{brx o]'BeTBileHvil or coBMecrHofo npaqypa.
o{5ro ftf
sape?rl}arne44eu.-K+ip/A* &
rc*asrKcrFd
<.Kax noxagbrBaror pe3ynbrarbr HccrreAoBauuit, noHqTHe pacbl Ha reHeTL{qeCKOMypOBHe - 3TO vyrur,>. Dru crroBa Cantu.rlepuaH Bbr )DKeBcrpeqaJrH Bbrrrre.B gaHHuri MOMeHT MO)KHO)Ttsep)KAaTb, qTO 3TO He Ta}{- BbrIneyTIOMJrHJ,"Tbrx3 vnrt rtap H].rc[eorzgoB AoBorrbHo AJrr rofo, .{ro6sr noflBkrJrucb teHervqecKr,r e orrrLltfvs. MOKAy npeAcTaBHTeJUrMwpa3nwfHr,rxpac. He raxlasHo 6ttnu nccnenpoxz.qoBaHbr npeAcraBr4renw 6otee 50 nonyrxqzri, BarorrlHx B pa3nHr{Hbrx petlroHax Mupa, a vMeHHo Ha
reppzropl.ra IOxnorZ AQparu, 3anagnof,r Enponr,r, BocroqHori A3uu,Oxeauvu, Aneplaxz.B ucclegon ar:rz,Ax I{CTbIPCCTA TCHCTHqCCKUIX JIOKYCOB }^{ACTBOBAJIV [IO\ITT4
pasuoo6pa3Hbrx orAeJroB feHoMa. Br,r6paHrrbrereorpaQr.rvecxze rpylnbr nonyr':'tlttft ro)KAecrBeHHbrueHTpaJrbHbrMpacaM.Tepuzrr aPACAD B arHX uccJreAoBaHntxHevcilonb3oBa-rlc.tl, fIoToMy r{To 3a npomeAlxue ilectlTI,'JIel,nfl. neperpyoH oKa3aJrcn go raxoit creneHr4 3MorlvoHaJrbHo )KeHHbIM, r{TO eIO }mOMHHaHZe BL'I3bIBa.IIO qpKAbIe Ha}'Ke
accorlnar\Hra.Brrscsmocb, rrro cpeAa Hacrofl rrlr4x noKycoB Her rex, Koropbre MorJrH 6r,r or.{errr4Bo (3arclerz'ry vml Ap}'r)4o pacy. Teu He MeHeeno Ka)I(AoMynoMr.tTb,> rycy 6ruro o6HappxeHo Me)KpacoBoepa3nar{r4e,Koropoe c noMoulbto o6srxrroBeHHbrx crarvcrvrv,ecKnx MeroAoB ycraHoBuTb npaKTur{ecKa HeBo3Mo)KHo.Etu uesrra.{I4TerrbHbrepa3ilwryffi aKrryMyJrHpoBaJvrcb BceMr,rBbrrxelr€3aHHbrMHnoKycaMu Ao cocrosr tus. a6co ntoruoli p aconori wgeur ufwnarJvlkri c rroMo ulbro Bbr.rr B.rre HHo r o 20tl 0h A4€ cKoe0 anpo0aAnrr lrc6oro vrHAlg'BvrIWMaMo)KHo c noruorZlnepeuHocrl,ro orHecrr.{ K o[peAelresnoli reorpaQuqecxorZ rp)mne. <.PacnrnoABep)KeHbr H3MeHeHHqM KaK s reorpaQuuecKoM,TaKH B HcropuqecKoM nrraHeo.Dra Qpasa ro)Ke),?Ke 3BYr{AJIa. llpe4craueHHbre Bbrrile cBeAeHrzfi AoKa3brBaror BepHOCTL' 3TO|O BbIBOAa: BbItBJIeHbI CTATUCTT4SeCKLT CyulecrBeHHbre orrrnsr4tr cpeAn nonylaqufi (etrnvecxlrx rplrn) Lr3onpeAeJrerrrrori reorpaQuvecrofi o6tacrw (oguori pacr,r). Bce xc l'lLr orrrLlunfl Herb3fl Ha3Barb cronpoIIeHTHbTMI{:rI I I/llr IIH/I}.yMaHe BCefAa MO)KHOOAHO3HaqHO orrrec'r'u K orrpellereHuoli nonyJrflLlrlv. 3rz pa3nr4\1r4s. *r-t (fl':, ttD
x,
cpeAr.rreorpaQzvecKnx rpylil 14cpe4unonynrrqzri B r-paHHrIax oArroro pafioua 3BoJrrorlnouHo Qopn Ap or,anvcb Ha npolg)KeHHH HeCKOJTbKHX AeC_flTKOB Tbrcflq JIeT nOA BIpI.flHr4eM MITaIIHOHHbTX t{ nOrvnflrIHOHHO-reHeTHr{e-
cKHx reqeHuri. AypooeHb or.[LtqHri coorsercrBoBaJr npoMOr(frKy BpeMeHH,Koropbrrz nponen BcJreA3a B[,rxoAoM ntogefi c aQpzxaucKoro KoHTt4HeHTaH nocrerreHHbrM pacceJreHzeMr.rxHa Teppr4Topr{r4Ap}'rHX ^{aTepHKOB. Mexgy pafiouawu Bo3Hrzro{areHerl{qecKas v3orrflr\vfl . Bpelreuu ee focnoAcrBoBaHn.fl xBarr4JroArr.rrroro, .{ro6sr pa3nwsvfl Ha reHeTHr{ecKoM).poBHe aKKyMyJrzpoBaHHbre Mo)KHo 6rrro cqIzrarb lzgetlruSuKaunoHHo cyuecrBeHHbrMr4.Ho4po6leHze rorr1ryrngnft Ha reppr4Topr4Honpe4eleHHofi 3oHr,r coBeprrra;rocb n 6olee no3AHHe cpoKlr, H OT TO|O, KaK BbUrCHt4ItOCb, nepvoA
BpeMeHH,
oTBeAeH-
nHrZ aeorroryueh pgn Qopnrzponanufl. cyu\ecrBeHHbrxorlwlwh Ha reppuTopnr4 orrpeAeneHuoro pafioHa, 6bur HeAocraro.{Fro 6omrxzrvr. H},rxHo 3aMerHTb,qro Herb3.fl He r{HTbIBaTb
TOIO, r{TO BOBIeT{eFII4e B npOUeCC aHaIIV3a
6oruuroro KoraqecrBa noKycoB co3Aaer AonorrHr.rrenbHbre orruq vA v Aaer Bo3MoxHocrn ugeurnQ ytnar\vr4no nytnTuft BHlrpH pacbr. Mwrpagun 6olrurolZ MaccbrHacerreHntr[rraHerbr, 6paxt t MOr(AynpeAcratsHTerrs,Mv pa3Hbrx pac u Mernca\r4tr cnoco6su crpe MHTenbr-ro,Ha npor.DrerrHr4 cyilIecrBoBaHvlfl HecnonbKprx noKoJIeHuk, cstovaru cncreMy aBonroquosuo c6opuupoBaBrrraxc.f,reHeraqecKHX pa3nu'Mh. lnon pirit dorasucaen, qro paca pt xoTb cyqecTB)'rorrlzurpeaJrbHo, Ho He <.oKaMeHeBllarr'> Kareropu.fl, Koropaq He Mo)Ker a6colrctro roqHo pa3AeJrHTbqenoBeqecrBono 6zorornqecKuM oco6eHHocrqi\4. Paca,pa6no 4zt1u npuuaAzfi/cHocmb 4 onpe1eteauoi amnuzec4oiz?!nne, - npe?cma&teHue, u)4etutgeeacfin?uzecKtt()u eLo,,tn4uotttgn ocuo(gt.
1ff5}
r()r() r rprrlc/leM erqe !4r no4r'eeplKAeHnfl BbrruecKa:J:trrr o4rau Qaxr. llo ceoer1 crpynrype fHK coupcMcr rr r()r'o qeJloBeKa HeAaJreKa o'l crpyKTypu IHK HeaHlleplelbrla, rraMHoro 6nzxe, ecnu cpaBHnBarb co crplr(ryporl l{HK
s,,iPevta'.-toon++*r*
onaro KuHqKctkro npr4MaroB. Ho conpeuerrur,llZ qenoBeK LI HeaHAepraJIeII qBJrqroTcq[peACTaBr.ITerfl Mprpa3Hblx 3BOIIOqTIOFIHbIXBeTneii, pasoureArxxxcq o'r o6rrlero ilpapoAl4TeJll HaMHoro paHbrrre, qeM pacbl oTllenv'Iwcb Ap),'r oT Ap]Ta, - qTo-To oKo.rro 500-700 Thrc.ter roMy Ha3aA.C to.rKu speHlzl o6coBpeMeHHbIe nIoAH I,I HeaFIAepcvxAaeiuoli npo6reirtu npOCTO TaJrbrlbr 3TO CTiJIbHOOTTHqAIOqHeCfl lipyl'oT pacbr, KoTopble AocTlrrnIa cTaT ca IoABI4AOB HOnO 6;pyfa nnaccuQvm ar\rlw, Ecru cregoBarr coBpeuennoli sapiens. .reroset< Ilomo a HealIAepTaJIbsapiens, coBpeMeHHr,rrz Teu ue neanderthalensis. Homo sapiens nroArz cKHe NreFreepa3nr4'rldi4 Ha reHerHr{ecKoM }poBHe MO{(AycoBpeMeHHL,TMHpacalr'urrcgefi MolI(Ho BbuBHTb ropa3no MeHbtrre, qeM pasnuuuit Me)Kny coBpeMeI{HbIM qeJIoBeKoM uHeaH4epTajrbqeM. ,Oacu tylgectflfilpm,
no rytaiuei
tuepe, 4a4 fatg mozKu tPe$at.
rlap ?ad,Tuzurr c 'tteauguHc4oi l{e,,tt7tz om&rdafitbct offt lmo?o nottgmtut, He omKa'
Ta6uuct 4'uecmzc Hult4om 6ce4u3&ecmuu4na ce- \ zolas anu0e)ruolzozuzecKut0auuu4>.
Hacne.rlcrBeHHbrxorrgroHeHuli n pasHr,Ix pacax ro)Ke 3aBl,z.Cr4^t or 3BonroqnoHHbrx npoqeccoB. Te 6oresH?I, Koropbre ilepeAaro'tcfl. no HacJreAcTBy,Mo)KHo pacrleHr.rBarb KaK Bpegsrqve Myra\HV HrrkrHapltxeHrle Q1'nrquft naxHbrx reHoB. Ecru BJraAenbrlbrraKxx vtyragurt Aocrnfalor penpoAlr(Tr{BHoro Bo3pacra. To oHH nepeAaroT reHHbre HapyrrreHr4rcBoHM noroMKaM. Bcregcrnue aroro lranas.lw6o wylarlul, rrpn yclroBLrrr,trro oHa He lzcqe3aer, rroJlyqaer pacrpocrpaHeHxe MaBrfbrMo5paeou cpeAlr 6nuxHHx llonyJrflr\Lrfrw AaJrbrxeIVTeM Ml'4rpa\vLr, Tanuu o6pa3oM, R p$ynBTare ctywahuo Bo3HHKnero npouecca pacnpocrpaHeHvfl BpeAsilIux MyrarJ'Lrnc reqeHHeM BpeMeHH nOqBn.fIK)TC.gperHOH aJIbHL,IeOTnI4qIuIflnO pa:uoo6pa3r rr,rM HacneAcrBeHHbrM orKroHeHu-fl w. L4s-sa pa3rrLlqLl5rB CneKrpe HaCrreA3TO|O npoqecca BO3HHKaTOT
crBeHHbrx 3a6onesauuft w vexgay pacav'u, v cpeApr norrynr-rlwit BHlrpLr pacbr. Be:yclonuo, pacnpocrpaHeHue pasHoo6pa3Hbrx HacJreAcrBeHHbrxsa6oresauufi irroxer TopMo3r4Tbcfl.vurr4,HanporkrB, npoxoAnTb 6uclpee c noMorqbro cneqNQzvecKr4x Qax'ropon onpeAeJreHHoli cpegt t o6wtauun.4 noeroMy Mo)KHoAoBepqrb crosaMu Can-
tu ltepvan: ePaut nlttencf, qacnbp cpeAosoeoeoila eeilamAqe OEeKA)r. dIp u0a6anc,7uutKgit fionwue 7 rnz eruue DI{fr ,ttu npelyaryadr npofzdrg cocmonuwt71opofui 6 6uo.uoeuzectgno ueuTfietruocmo.Ecmt mlrrcyce6on woti cofttaSnucnozoSo&amoo&lu u mom Jlce uncmpg)teHm, zo&opno eettemuzec4ot/nolonze4e Kpu"auHarbHu t HateroHnocmzi a,na uHmz/zteryna).
Dru cnpaneAJrzBbre cJroBarori xe Catmu"IlepuaH xacarorc.fl BalKHefirll.eh TeMbr: KaK BJrurrror reHbr v cpep:a Ha yMcTBeHHOe pA3BIlTLle v pa3Br4TI,'e VrHl\UBr4AyanbHbrx cnoricrs H r€qecrB lt<>geft? B cauopr rru AeJrcacoqr4aJrbHoe noBeAeHHe wilv pa3Bvtrae yMcrBeHHbrx cnoco6rrocrelZ qerotseKa HaxoAprrc.fl noA KoHTpoleu oco6brx reHoB HJrH )r(e 3aBr4cHTor BocrrnTasus? B tranHoe BpeM.f,MHorHe 1n{eHbre Bo BceM BHHflT reHeruqecKyn Qaranruocrb rxupoKo pacnpocrpaHer{Hbrx Ha cefoAr{sltswrt AeHb HeaAeKBarHbrx npo.flBneuuit nw.tttocru. V Bce xce cepbe3Hbrx noATBepxAeHhfi arouy noJro)KeHnro Her. Ho Heo6xogzuo HCKlrroqpITbTe 3nH3o/Ibr, KofAa HeaAeKBaTHoe noBe.4eHVe aKTHBH3HpOBaHO Tq)KeJrbrMH HaCJreAcTBeHHbrMHOTrCIOHeHr4sMH. Hao6opor, Ha)'Ke H3BecrHo 6olrnroe KoJrHqecrBo r{To Koropbre noATBepxAaror, Bocnpa.sQarron, THe, noApDKAIlVre A N{OTprBaqHprr4fparoT He nocneAHroro ponb B Qopullpon aHuv pa3nrq Hbrx oco6eHrrocrerZ .{eroBCKA.
oPaca - ?no onpedeAettilutioapuafln podcncar. K arouy 3aflBreHnro MoxtHo flpucoBor$/r] r.r'r'rr-
*frr o{6rq ru*.srK.,Hd
sape?anrl2€{4er-_K"4&* ^ a -
Hee TeqeHue Mo)I(Ho Ha3BaTb cMecblo corlHaJlbHblx Teopnr1, uonyrqpHblx BKoHUe XIX - luas.ane XX ss. yr{eHble Ha3bIBaJIr cor\wurMsorne [pofpeccuBHble v cnorbeoBarb noJlo nonnnxoli Hec)pa3HoIi AapBHHrr3M peIxeHHI,I npo6levr coIIHaJIbHofi gexB )r(eHr.rfi6uotorwu r{eroBeKa. nplzBeno pesylsrare reqeHlle 3To B TeJrbHocru Bcex BpeMeH K HecKoJrbKI4M BeJlnqaftuluvtlpate4wsv' I'I HapOAOB: K I{x qHCJry MO}CHOOTHeCTU wa\wCtCxuft tarepr <XoroKocr'>. kls-sa Bo3HHKHoBeH[q xqrKHX nocJIeAKaK npeAMer MbIcJII4Te.[u-3KoHocrswir na 6uolrorulo Macrbr Aonroe BpeMs HaKtIaAbIBatu ta6y. Bclegcrnue 3TO|O MHOfr4e yrreHble Ao cHx nop c HeAoBepHeM orHocflTCq KHAeeTOrO, qTO MHOfHe nono)KeHuq coBpeMeHHoti reopxl4 noMoryT npoqcHnTb ro, KaKHM 6uorora.{ecxoli o6pasorrr Q1'nnqNoHvrpyer aKoHoMnKa. Tar ucropnqecKl4 coBrraJro, rrro rpyA 9apnlsa fiapuuua <.llpozcxox4eHne BH.4oB'>HarrIeJI cBolzx qurarene[r KaK pa3 B To BpeM.g,KoI'4a Enpona z Al,repura Haxogurwcb B cocrosHrrn TpaHCQopruaqzz. K rouqy XIX e. n 3ar'aguoit Erpone z Anepu6svtu, npono)KeHbl IrIHpoKHe Ke 3noxu PeroHcrpyxquw cerri )KeJre3HoAopo)Gstx ttuttutt. Kan rpu6r,I nocre Ao){tg.fi, no.rrBr.flrr.{cb HoBbIe 3 aBoAbL O rpout-tu ft rroroK Kpecrb.tlrl n QepnepoB ycrpeMuncfl B ropoA: oHH pBaru c ceJ'IbcKoxog.srictseu wo:/' genreJlbHocrblo, noroMy v'ro eu6palll TpyA Ha 3aBoAax u Qa6purcax B ropoAax. Crpauu c xopoOprallro pa3BHTbrM TexHoJIOfHqeCKHM npO}'I3BOACTBOM HH3OBbTBaJI V pACC"rr4llABUrIleCflH a HeM2JIOe p aCcTOqHHe KoJroHr.{a.rrbHbrerocyAapcrBa. Berc, n H.a,uare Koroporo A;rceli rrcorr,l Varrou 6rur uso6pereH n aponorZ 4nuratelr, 3aBepurLrJrcfl perlrl4TentHoft no4lrQzna qnefi 3KoI{oMI4KH 14Mr4poBoro coo6ulecrBa noA BlrvsrrveM TexHHKI4. rrpoMbltlJleHHa.t{ peBoJIIoIl,Hs npHHecJIa BosuarHlc, O'rgeluuble npeArpnc co6oli corluairbHbre npo6leuu. LII4}{ATeIII yMVApqnI4Cb CO3AaBaTbOfpOMHr,Ie COCTOfIHI4.I' n rrao6opor, orpoMlloe Konuqecrno pa6ovzx Qa6pux B OTBpaHTIqeHCKOe CITIeCTBOBaHLTe 143aBOAOBBJTaqHJIO llpz rou qro nono)KeTnTeJrbr{brx 14x(aJrKHx rpyuo6ax. B To BpeM.n AoMHHI.TpoBaJIH Hrlfl HoBori TeopHri ltpuuwa rIaAO
RCCM
HII'I'CJIJICKTaIbHITIMLI
TCOpVAMLI,
ilI4CAT9JILI-
ro;rn'r'rlKr4 KpLuarrr. co crpaHr{Ll BCex rr3AaHutl, v'ro orblc-
>f;
KaJrHnoATBep)KAeHr.rqcBoprM r4Ae_flM HMeHHO B AapBr4HOB_cKptx rpyAax. Tor Qarcr, vro <.llporzcxo)KAeHne BLrAoB,>aB_ TOp CrrHTar TpaKTaToM O npvpoAe rz rrTo H]apa3y He ),ro_ MsHyn o JrroAcKoM o6ulectne, HV lrrarrrrr4 He cMyrrlaJr caMo3BaHrIeB OT HayKn, KoTopbre cTaBVIil4 rleJrbro noHCK noA4ep)KKH cBoHX reopufty lapswua. K se.rp{KoN{yco)Ka_ JIeHI4ro, I4Mg oAHofo H3 leHnaJrbHbrx yr{eHbrx 6ruo ono_ poqeHo. HenoHqrHo, orKyAa (6es xaxoro-nu6o Ha ro ero nuqHoro xetauux) s XIX B. noqBzracb Herarr accorJvra_ gu;, o6r,egvHr4Bilrafl e ce6e HecKoJrbKo He3perrbrx ngLeororuqecKax re.reHzri. Ee cosgar erfi4 rrbrraJrvrcb 3acBn1e_ TeJIbCTBOBaTb<.Hz\y'r{HyroAocroBepHOCTb,> nO:epeHArz
[apnuua. Onopori IIfl, cosAaHHJrBcrlmarcrlprx B nporlaBopeque Apyr c ApyroM cor\uan-napBlrHacrcKax reopnir flBr4rrcs. rroA3afonoBoK, KoroptrrZ HosogsreHHbre )^{eHbre HarnJru BlparTare ol-Ipoacxo4geHne BHAos,, - eCoXpafleflae o AeonPAf,nflilt pAc 6 0oP60e 3A Xnsfl6t). eopr.rynuponxa lapwtlla <.6taronpurrHbre pacbr,>Mof/ra ronKoBarbcfl pa3H[,rMr.r cnoco6aua: 3To 3aBHCeJro or npvcrpacrnft av ropa. lps enponeficrutx KoJroHa3aropoB pa3Hbrx crpaH Mr4pa,Koropbre BooplDrr4Jl4cb AapBr4HoBcKHMr.r coo6p a_ x(eHpI.rrMH orHocHTeJIbHo ecrecrBeHHoro ot6opa, e:ra Qpasa flBnrracbcpeACTBoM,Koropoe onpaBAbrBa;ro3Kcrrrryarx\r4ro reMHoKo)Krrxry3eMUeB.Oslt c pagocrso y6egwnu ce6n B ToM,qro <.BbrlKH Ba:ur4enau6o rreenpucnoco6 JreHHbrX'> o3HaqaerAorlr qeroBexa c 6eluM rIBeroM Ko)KH 3acr aBvr"rbcJI)rKr4Tb ce6e
B ( H a f {H O I i "
IOfH KC .
r ( ( ) 'l () l ) l l 'l i l ( 't( :l 3 h Ir a
rroro)(eHr4s.[\apBuHoBCKororpyg a. lI o n p o ruc c,r'l] t.tr{ | recKotrbKr4x[ectffvrnerllk :aa4wcralu 6ttnu ].HHr{T'o)KCr rbr MrrJrrruoHbrlur\ enpericnorZ, rlbrraHcxofi naqnoHaJrE,-
.$
s:l?earl}{ft)e44ea-. _Kr>>** ry
"4'rekurrsrrurro Dro npousouocteli, a raroKe npoqnx
flpoqe roBopfl , ara SzlocoQcrax "reopr4flparuQuqtrpyer ror Qarcr, qro cocroqrerrbHbre nro4u Bbrcrlmaror Bponu reHeruqecKn slrcurerzrplrrrbr l.rAocroriHu cBoefo AocrarKa. Tor, xro lpourpaJr n 6opr6e :a 6orarcrno, nocraBtreH Ha cryrreHb Hr4)r(e BnoJrHe o6'rexrvsHo r{ nooroMy AoJDKeH6esponorHo Hecrr,r cBoro roKeJr}ro Aonro. Bgucryccuqx 1830-x rf., pa3ropeBrxaxcfl npu o6cy)Krf, eHHHnpeo6paso Ballrvfl.arruuricrof o 3aKorroAaTeJrbcrBa o coqrraJrbrroM o6ecne.{ eluLrLr,coUHaJr-AapBHHHcrbr c 3KcrpeMr4crcrfl.rMlTrrroHoMBcrrIaJrH, vro 6e4usrM HpKHo pa3penr4TbyMeperb or fonoAa. C zx nornrlun )poBeHb HHTenJreKTa o6u1ecrea Mo)Kel crarb BbrrxeroJrbKo B ToM crr{ae, ecrr}I HMyilIHe noJrr{aT Bo3Mo}KHocTbBocnpou3BoAHTbc.x,alel,z,U\ve6ygltr nocrerreHHo npo[aAarr, c JrHKa 3eMHOfO. Heclrorpa Ha r'a.Jrvtrne se6olrruo{t paeawlbr, cKBo3b ecexouQnrypa\r4wcor\r4ar-AapBnHn3Mat<pac:rrofi tuuweit npoxoAuT clDxAeuue o roM, r{To BCeyMCTBeHHbrewQvtsur{ecKr4e KaqecTRa qenoBeKa feHeTHqecKa npeAonpeAeneHsr. flo.lnaBrrrne rrpeApacc'..ArclncBoero BpeMeHH arrtu{t-
x
cKr4eKonoHr43aropbrnorararv, vro aepzxaHrlaM u asua_ TaM oKcruIyarat\Hs,norZger no 6laro, noroMy qro oHH rro cBoeMy ypoBHro pa3Bvrrr4trHvlKe, qeM nroAu c 6elofi ro_ xeli. flo reopuv cor\uar-AapBzHHcroB, npeAcraBnTenn qepHorz uxenroi't pac Hecnoco6uu K ocrroBaHr,rro Bbrco_ Kopa3BaToro o6ulecrn a. Drn BbrBoAbrnoATBep)KAaer Hus_ Khfi TexHoJrorzqecKalZ lponeut Hx rryJrbrlp. Heivleqrue cor\r4an-AapBHHHcrEr c.tvrrailr4 epauqyscKyto, 6purau_ cKy'Io H cnaB.rrHclqlo <.pacbr,> HH3[Ir4Mt{ BI4trAMHqeJIoBe_ qecrBa. DnoHoul.rcrbr r.r3 fplrrnbr corJvanAapBHHr,rcroB HHKorAaHe xole6a-ilucl n y6ex<,4 e:aLr:z', vro 6egnxx aM H vx AerflM )'r'oroBaHo Ht4rrleHcKoecyqecrBoBaHue. A npuvz_ Hofi roirly nnrflercfl. Bpo)r(AerrHblrluegocraror cnoco6uocrerZ u ttttzxuft. ypoBeFrb pa3B:,zlTLrr. r4HTeJrJreKTa. .I4cxo1ryu3 Toro qro <.Bbrclrrze,> u
B saure BpeM.rIrtaxAstrZ 3Haer, r{To ocFloBonoJlararcilIee oruH )'rBep)KAeH ue cor\van- AapBnnr4cros a6corrorrro 6oqso. 3rra.rurelrHbre feHeruqecKlre orJrnq:r'tr r{Merorcs, Ho roJrbKo rrLrurbcpeAu HHAL{Br4AoR. Ho, nc cM(),r'pflr ra Bce HacrorZquebre crpeMJI:l:Lrl', Hpt OAHOM\/ylerroMy cule He yAaJlocb o6Happxarb qBHo BbrpDrerrHbrx pa3nHquh s uH. TerureKTe y rrpeAcTaBzrelelZ, xolfl pue npr.rH aAJrex(ar pa3tl l l #\ fl
-
..1.41peRutt,o.ooa_. o-l5rq
>G
kuHqr<
I,I HACAEACTBEHHOCTb 2.5. }IHTEAAEKT
aD,fno xe ndKoe
i et
!,......
Ym?
B,cru tluerb xopolllo pa3BI'{TbIevMcrBeHHbIe cnoco6HOCTH npecTHxIIO, 'l'o rIaM lHaArlelKr4TnoJr)',n{me fIoH'[Tb To. q'ro ie co(ror-r rpeAcraBJuler vM lI o'l'I(yAa ero 6ep1n' O'r'crl uonpoc
u3AaRHa
&
3arrvuaJI
MbICJIH f{elfblx'
obIJI Te-
rr.loft causlx He?icToBbrxrz sro6oAHenuux 4ncryccufi, Koropbre BeJIrrMOKAyco6otZ I4 ApeBHerpeqecKl4e) 'IeHbIe, H B HaCTO.f,rrlee BpeMfl BeAyT HbIHelIHI4Mr4
<,cBefI"lJrT Ha\ryM',>.
25 sexos loa3a4 Eunegowr 6wt flpu6lusureJrbHo qro cepAlre, co6c'reeHrr.o,vtABrtrerTBepAo)tsepeH B ToM, pa:yMa. Ihmtotgar )Ke, 3arlv:Matcb co cr cocyAoM N$ cBovrMr4cryAeHTaMv Meilvrlr4moit s t eHla serse Ii I rar aHa Ha ocrpoBe Koc, roBopt{Jr o roM, 'tTo tll€Clltotlatloxeilue
yaa - nMe qe oEeKa.
SaLrezamzzeumomgfa4p, zmo @e6uuezperyt,6w' Ka4u&an&e,,tuzaiwzeg&atreruueeeHaaJtbHu'lt'ltuc' .Euru./tu.t4c&oezo6Vdteuu, ltocrteK)t{zuHu oaTH-ocaJtu ut K 6orcecm&a'tt.A maK 4a4 mananmttuhw4 ,uo1ei ua zpezec4ti te'u4'qe6uno npedocmamozno, \ mo u 6ozo¬tyzu.4ocbHe)4a/to.
3Aecblrr{ npr4qeM.Dtaeaannpuqaila - eAaflilueolgyxao-
utei cpedei.
CD:
i.:..,.... lar npapodauattsce)tG socnanaflae? o6eux nosurltti'r )'BepeHbl B ToM. q'l'o flpr.rnepxeuqu cTorrporIeHTHOnpaBbl KaKpa3 oHI]. Eolee RE
_l
rofo.
oHH no-
ot""o *
9,:{lipeprlt4De4-t".,
kcrxqrorro qro ratarot, HX rto3vtr\uvt n y6exgeHufl nport'rBnorZ cropoHbr B3aaMor4crsrloqarorAp),r'Ap)rya.llpu groM orrnoHeHTbrnoJrb3yroTcflonHuMr4vrTeMvr)KeapryMeHTaMvwrfl roro, vto6br AoKa3arb cBoro npaBory. MoxHo nprzBecru MHo)KecrBonpnMepoB, KorAa qeJroBeKpa3Aenqer o6e aru TOqKA3peHr4rr, llpegcrarme ce6e uecrolbKo roncroBaroro qeroBeKa. Be;roipmlre Jrro1vr, cKarrfr o HeM <.ilorsuli>. llpzeepxeHqr,r Teopuv o HacJreAcTBeHHocTH nocMoTpqTHaHefo HCKDry/T:
npk\
IVn4
pe6eura nornoilIarb He B MepyMHoro nHrrIH.B pesyntrare qero qenoBer ra4o6palrc.sAo cBoax renepemHzx pa3Mepoe. Taxzll o6paeolr, 3a;rBJurroroHH, npIzr{Hrryueo6xo4uMo r4cKarb B oxp).Drarou1efi cpege v Bocrrvfiau,uu. kI oe'v., MOKAynpotrrzM,npaelr! Bce xe [pr4Bep)KeHqbr reoput{ o HacneACTBeHHocrH npaBbr,)"rBepxAaq, qTo rJra3a,BoJrocbr,pocT r.r cTpoeHHe TeJraqeJroBeK)'HacJreAoBaJr or po,qnTenerZ,E? v or Bcex ocTaJrbHbrx[peAKoB. Eocmnmozno,4tuozo ttp1ed &'ttupe & 4auruoe(powt no11eprcu&anm nolu4uto, zmo uatze1cm&euHocrtb u &ocnummtae- nu & 4oed tuepe He ?pau'taouc leuozanm, a, tnnlroma4, ?Tau,ltolonozaltnm fogz
hs*.
\
*# ::..,....
llo,onaromcyqae, qno/vtoxilocKasan,o npo.tu)i
llonpo6yen MbrcJrerfi{o coBeplr}rrb Kp}rocBerHoe n}TerxecTBl4e Lr fro3HZKOMr4MClI C TAIr..T4MI.d AeTbMLt, KOTOpbre Morlr AeJrarb r{l'o-To HeopAzHapnoe. Xorelocl 6u BbnrcHH'r'b, qt() nuurercr ocHoBorz Ms pa3BK"tr4_rr 3KCTpaopAr{-
..K+.4* t*
HapHbrx cnoco6Hoc r eir etwx gereli - HacneAcrBe'ro.r)f; r4rrucpe4a, KOTOparHX Or(p\DKaeT. BHa.{are noroBopaM o flAaedcnoettilocnu. B xouqe l96O-x rr. e Mern6ypHe Aerr4, Bo3pacr Koropbrx 6su or HecKo.rrbKHX MecsrfeBAo I roga, ysvtnrvtcbilraB?Tb.V gena_ nr4 ?To oqeHb ycnerxHo. Ero e Harrre BpeMrrHr,rAnfl Koro He ceKpel', vro 4ererZ MrraAeHqecKoro Bo3pacra Mo)KHo 697rpy4a o6y*rrr ruraBaHr.rro,Ho Mbr l.oBopktM oKoHUe 1960-x rr. MHorze f{eHbre, ua6ntogan aro s 6acceliHe, Hucxolr,_ Ko He 6l';vl,t yAlrBneHbr.Hy, n cauoM AeJre,a noveny 6r,l uuer? 9eu, B KoHrIe KoHIIoB,oHr.r3aHI,rM.aJryrcb,HaxoA.scb n yrpo6e Marepu u,eJrbrx9 Mecqqes?KouevHo, rrrravatfir. A renepn nonpo6yeu 3afJrJrH)'Tb n.fnoHuro, a HMerrHo s ToKHo Ha.c:ura 1970-x rr: Y.{eHr,re}rKe BbrscH4rrr4ToT Qarr, vro AerH rB/urrorc s AAilZ1uCttungCKunlt eeilUn tU, KoTopbre oB./raAeBaroranr nuitctttrr.r 6es tvutefiuux ycwtuit. Anegt B DToM q3brKecoAep)Kr4TcroKoJro 450 r,trc. croe, a qvcJro Hx coqeraHurz nparcraqecxz 6ecxoHer{Ho.B _snou_ cr
*frr o-a6rq ru,.qK".tso cnoco6, roropuli noMor eMy Bbryr{r4TbHrpe Ha cKpr.rnKe oKoJro 100 ruc. terefi. Morgy reM Harrre MbrcrreHHoerryrerxecrBHe npoAoJr)Kaercq. Ornpanairrcn s @vrnagelrQrzro 7955 r. B6lwsw or CreHros-aBeHro B oKpy'e Morrrroueptz pacnoJraraercfl, l.Iucruryr pa3BLffunqenoBeqecKoro noreHrfvaJra. TawrnaxoA-src.fi corHr4 gerefi 2-3-nemtero Bo3pacra, Koropbre HMeIor rffKetlble Mo3roBble narolrofuvl Ho reu He MeHee npu STOMxoporuo r{HTaroTH rIenuKoM r.rnonHocTbro froHHMaIOT [pOrrHTaHHOe.
Henraro lercfi 2-lrecsqHoro Bo3pacra Molr(er rrrraBarb. -flnoscrute MaJrbrrrraHe crapue 4-neruero Bo3pacra BeAyr pa3roBop sa a;:rnl,aitcKoMfl3brKec rrerKHMQunagerfi,QufiCKHM AKIICHTOM.
leru taxoro )Ke Bo3pacra xopouo 3HaKoMbrc roHKOCTSMH r4rpbr Ha cKpHflKe r4 Br,rcTmarcTc KoHr-IepTaMr4 rrepe,4napocnolZ ay Aur oplzeli' Bce gera, npuHaAJre)Kau\vepoAy HHAelZcxoro nleMeHu cwy, o"trrr4qHo e3Arr BepxoM. Erye ,{sxeftuc YopHep EeJarax, noJrb3yroq uftcfl asTopr4TeroM Hc cn eAoBaTeJrb r4HAeitct<wxBoriH, foBopIzn o cny: <.3to nqrbcor Jryr{rxt4xB MHpe Hae3AHr4Kos rerxorl r.aBanepvn,>.14y uero HMeJrI4cbBecKpIenpzqnHbr rarr4x Ha3brBarb.klccteAOBATenbyTBepXAan,r{To oHH npocTo <.poxflaJrrzcE, Ha .[orrl2A.rrx>. leru r Bo3pacre 2-3 ter c cepbe3HbrMlrMo3roBbrMH TpaBMaMU MOr-'"I qIlTATb V IIOHIdM.ATbilpOrlI4TaHHOe, B TO BpeM_sKaK 3TOrO 3aqacT'Fo He MorlT CAeJral'b 3AopoBbre AerH or 7 lo 17 ner
I: O
Tar qno xe - flacaedcnseflilocnt u^a oKpyxatot4ancpeda?
Bcnouurllr Ancrpalurc H n;raBaroqzx gereh. HacleAclBeHr{ocrt? Moxer 6tnt. flocrrorpr.rre Ha Kapry Ancrp anvru.3la crpaH a Bra1ee"l 4 rsrc. Murrb orMerrHbrx nrx)r.:eit.,Koropbre oMbrBarorcrr BorHaMHJracK()Rolor4Tennoro Mopg.[a aro MoxHo cr{H_ Tarr, rrp()ct'o tseJrr4KoJlerrHbrM MecroM glx o6yveHzl
s:..llpeRclr{rD€4-ter-
fr, -,rr4rytfne
ttnaBa*,'ro, ectil4 ToJrbKo ue o6paril arb BrrvMar" ,)( KpoBo)KaAHbrx aKyJr. HeugsecrHo noqeMy, Ho aBCTpa_ NUftI1I,I I'IMCIO ICHCTI4qCCK}TOCKJIOHHOCTbK ruIABAHLIIO wo6nagarcr Bpo)KAeHHbrM nper{Myrr{ecrBoM nepeA Apy_
|IjMId
TIIOIIbM'{.
V ryt, Bo3Mo)KHo,lto6oh paccy1vremrrtrri aBCTpa_ nLrer{He3aMeryvrrerrbmo HaqHer Bo3pararb.LI eto Bo3pa_ >Ker:rzs.He6ecno.reeHHbr.flefr.crsurenbHo, Ha nporrKe_ HHU MHorux ctoleruli aror MarepvtK HacelrsJruToJrbKo a6opureHu.14 6otrruas HX qacrb npocro He r.rMeJraBo3_ Molr(Hocru Haf{HTbcq rl.JraBaHuro.Bce gelo B ToM, qro oHr4 co3AaBaJrHnocerer,nr, B orp:alre;:.r4r14or 6eperon .l,.ropt(wnw oxeana), H or KplrrFrbrx BoAoeMos.Z rortxo c KoHrIa XVIII s. oror KoHTHHeHTHar{aJr H sacenflTbaHrnv_ qaHe, rrrorJraHArlbru lapnaHnr\sr.A s Hacrorqee BpeM.sHa prx rroToMKH. MaTepr{Kerrpo)KHBaTOT A sor H eule oAr,rlr ronoc nporecra, cKopee Bcero oH nprzHagexur 6uonory: <.Br,trraur,teBCe aro H3 foJroBbr. He noneprc nBepcz;a o reHeruqecxax H3MeHerrzex,Koro_ pbre Mouru npousofirn B Ter{eHHeHecxoJrbKo croteluft, a Mo)Ker, ADKe no npouecrBau Tbrc.rrqereru.fl.nn_fl roro qto6tr orH v3MeHeHHqilpoz3otrrJra, 6y7qer Hprlra He rbr_ cflqa, a caMoe MaJroe100 ruc. ,rer>.
9, ; !..,..,.
-
A eau fle eenenttKa,no qmoxe ?no?
[eruus AncrpanuuHaqaJt4rtrraBarb 30 c tultuuM ner ToMy Ha3aA,[oroMy qro napa B3pocnbrx n:lr:,gettrrpuHflrra perxeHHe: ouu o6ssaubr r{ar{hTbcr 3To AeJraTb. tr4.{ro caMoe cMerrrHoe,zroit napoit ,rr3rrflrrrrcb rpa44a_ ne fiaauulFrcnu 6r; BAp]ToHr4perxaJrr{ocrarbcfi s [auvrtt, B 3TOMCJrr{ae paHr,IXe nraBaT\ r{eM xoAATb, F{zyql,Inucb 6u ualslurv.-Aar-ua*e. B uaurelr cnyqae IBoe nolAar{Hbrx J\auuu cbrrpaJru poJrr,oKplD{raa uta, c [)c/Ir,r. v'{eusle AaBHo KaKr.{r\rri l'crrrrr Nr}r rr 'brtrcrrnrrr, 'fi.rrltct.u JIr{r{rBHCTtrKLr rloKa3brsalor ce6.flM2urel{F,KHC I I
oq6nq ftf
Mox(er ycoMHuTbcfl B ToM, t{To aTu 14paane rro-nn6yAb ACTVIIIKLI Har{H}T H3'btrcHtr'lbc.fl IIO-STIOHCKHpaHL'IXe, qeM qeTbrpexreTHero norpacra? AOCTHTH)',T AuepnxaucKlle corpyAHrrnv! l4ucrwryra pa3BHTHt qeKo"topue pa6or atil4 c srroH.rroBer{ecKoro noreHrrvrar4 pI KaK CKJhIMIL AeTbMH, .4BOe AaTqaH B BL'IIICOIIHCaHHOM 3rrr43oAe, To)Ke BbICTI/TIUI''y-B pOJIIz OKpyr(aloqer't cpeAbl. MolKHo HcrotlKoBaru QnlagelupnitAxax no-AplroMy cxrzl:l axqelrr y MaJleHbrurx qnoFIIIes? HacJIeACTBeHMoxer, xorq 6rl aro Mo)KHo o6tscnurl ocrpoBax rro4u y3nocrnl<>? Ho ganHo lru tra.fnoHcxax trarvt o cxpznrax? Bce, v'to npon3olxJlo B AaJll'Heliutelt, MO)KHOO6lqCHl.rrl. He1 He HacneAcrtseHHocrblo. DTo o6tscHfletcfl reHVet\I qeJroBeKa, Koroporo 3oByr Lllunraqu Cyaycu. BeAl uueHHO OH npHrrflJr peureHlre o roM, t{To,4erH cMoI'yT oBJIaAeTb STHM r4HCTpyMeHTOM.
&
7 '
s:..;lqeaut-tnzG44e,-nr>ffi fr.
ruHqKcred
Y E uacmast4ui /rto/rtetfinlrce ,t4a{ca1emei & ciltu4 \ pasnoofipaSnut geozKll4 um,Hemuofigzazmc-auzpe E&ze- \ ut Hattn ctqlunKlt. ?f ca,uui 'tt"tarVaui nui Op,ttaahu.Ettg &ceeo2 aola. *t.,
A saN{ H3BecrHo, B KaKoM Bo3pacre Ha'qaJtocBazBarb Moqap'r aror rzHcrpyMeHT BomQnnr A-Ma,qefrUoqafi craJr3aHuMarbcr Ha cKpHnKec 4-x rer! BepHeiucn K pa3roBopy o Aerflx ns LrHAeIZcxororrJIeMeluvr,cry,Koropbre, ecru Bbrue 3a6ruz, <.poxnarorct np.sMo Ha norxaArx,>.Xotfl 6u e ganuoM cryqae Mo)KHorlpeArlor{To aro Blrkrfllg.ue HacJre,4crBeuHocrz?lorlycruM, Jro)KHTb, vro nH4elirlbr c ApeBHHx BpeMeH rro rpaAI,IqvM ywlanuBaror HoBopoxAeHHbIx Ha ronrageti. flanaitre ocraHoB]rMcfl, t4HaueHac rroAH]rM\"THa cMex Aa)KeCryAeHTbr-HCTOpHKH. B Hosoru Csere B To BpeM.sue o6nratu rorranv,vrLrHgerlqlr n nepnufi pa3 y3rlalwt o roM, r{To oHH cyrqecrB)'ror. y HCnaHCKHxKoHKBHCTaAopoB. B0 nsrxoAueB H3 I4clatllu na B0 cKaKyHax npocro crepJrr{ c irur\a 3eMJrH
>f;
BbICOK''IO I{yJIbTypyarITeKOB,KOTOparAO ATOrOuOlvreurf pKe npocyrqecrBoBaJraHecKonbKorbrcrrqeJretwft. He y cr ofl.na rrepeA nx HarucKolr r.r6necrq:l\as. WrBr4nru3ar\r4fl krHKOB, Koropbre npoBoAHnHorreparlnr4Ha Mo3re c 6narolonyr_ HbrMHcxoAoM errle B Te BpeMeHa,KorAa xturerv Enponu H 3Ha'rb He 3HaJrHo roM, rrro rAe_To cFrlecrByer Apre_ pvl{a. I\ununusagun uagefi:1cs 6btna npocro 3anonHeHa pa3ruqHbrMr4 npeApaccyAKaMr,r.H orroro, Korga B rrep_ uulfi pas Wqenn KoHHHKoB,To noAyMaJrr4,qro ero 6oiz cry/crluracb Ha 3eMJno.OHpr naJrvrHur\[epeA .teuu <.6ora_ Mt4,> ranorcrarvltvrcb 3a DTo csoeli )KH3Hbro. Arpeccopu He rre1a-rrlano3opa nopoKeHari go roro BpeMeHr4,noKa B aMepHKaHCKnX[IpepHrrx He BcTpeTHrrr4cbc anauaMn. Anaqn He ycMorpenvr B :r^:,ztx Hzqero 6o_ )KecrBeHHoro.!4x Htrx gro 6anu o6r,rruroseuHbreJrroAr4, KOTOpbreeAy[ BepxoM Ha KaKOM_TO HeBeAOMOM BuAe)KH_ Borrrbrx.Hegolro [yMaA, anaqwy6ulu 3axBarr{uKoB,a r4x toruagefi za6panu ce6e. lloruagu r,rgea;rbHono4orxnu x o6pasy )Kr43rrz,r, Koro_ pl"l'it uenu ceBepoaMepHKaHcKae zH4efiqr,r. Elarogapx roMy nornaEkr cTpeMHTelbHO pacnpocrpaHLrJrUCbfroBce_ MCCTHO.
Her Ha4o6Hocru errle pa3 3aBoAtrrb pa3roBop o reHax wrauacneilcrBelrHocra. llpocro MeHee300 ler Ha3aI Jro_ maIlr cTArrHvffparb porb qacTr4cpeAbr,KoTopa, oKp)rKa_ Jrar-rreMeHackry. Tat
,,ftr oaarq rauqrilHo To npaBlrJrrHee6yAe'rHaBBarbee cKopee nroxolZ, ueu xoporxeH. He HMeJIp{ Moxrro ADKe cKa3arb, t{To oHtz soo6qe npeApacnono)KeHHVKaKoIz BcBoeM pacnopffKeHvlvt Hocrr4. OHU tzprell4 TpaBMbI roJloBHoro Mo3ra, Ho pa3Be Mo)KHo cr{vrarb aro 6olsurl4M npeHM}TIIecrsoN{ ? Kax 6r,rro cKa3aHo BbIIrIe,Bce Aerl,l 6es ucrurror{eHH.s corpyAHnKl{ LIrrcrwrrvtHrBr4crvrqecKl,Ie reHW. lloarouy Ty'ra noApo6Ho o6tqcnr4IrLr MarepqM, KaKHM o6pasou o6l rurs Hx rpaBMHpoBaHHbIX a"retz qreHHIo. &cg )elo
uxoKPyxaen. s moi cpede,konoPan
Hayry o HacneACTBeHHocrI4 u v3Merr'traBocru )Kt4BbIx opraHu3MoB Ha3bIBaIor ?€lt€tt AKOO.Ouz o6nacuxer cyrr, xuB;ofr opfaHI43M BOCraxgnll TOrO, KaKr.riracnoco6ou noKoJleHvIflx. nocJIeA''IoqI4x s co3Aaer ce6n leHerzxa noMoraer roruITb, KaK B AaHHbIx ycJIoBHflx 3apo)KAaroTcs HacneACTBeHHbIe pI3MeHeHI4fl, KOTOpbIe 3aTeM nepeAaloTcq fIoToMKaM, npHHHMa.s_wac"rwe B xoAe 3BUIol IIIH H ceJIeKI-U4H.
d1 !{
I{auelcm&ennocmo u uStueuzu&ocmo-s&ttsttomst
'r;";r:" t:; : ; "'zreoao^n-*'@
BbICKa3aJIrpeAnoJIo)KeHHe o roM, B 1865 t. (D.fatrzon r{To cnoco6Hocru lroAefi HMe}or npflM}to 3aBl{cl{Mocrb or HacJreAcrBeHHbIX Qarropon. B 1BB9 f. 3Tor yteHurl npeA.rro)Kr4JrHar{aTb H3y{eHHe BIrr{tlHnfl Kar{ecTB, KOTOpbIe noMornr{ 6sl ycoeeprueHcrBoBarb sAopoRbe qeroBeKa. BAarlseriureM nMeHHo ero paspa6orxz co4ericrBoBaill4 - gOeeilUKU.@. lalmouou 6lrrtu pa3Br4'turo uosoli :e'ayKLr. MeroAbI w 6ttuslr'etfosltli paspa6otaHEl feHeaJlorz.recruft H3yqeHHfl LreIoBeKa. klccnegyn poAoctloBHble raKlrx 3HaMeH?ITocreIz, KaK
A C.I\mrcm, C B. Paxuanwroa, lI. H. Tottc-tofr,A M foptIa,frt, n. H, VafrxonctottT, Lr31".tanv.npHI'IIII4IEI HacJIeAoBaHr4ATar ar yr( )rr 3I I aMeHI4TbIeyr{eHble - reHeruKlz H. K Koltt uoB v IO. A @wrprnqernco.
goPe?ut-tD€44e,,
_nrbfr*F
x
leuerra.{ecKue HccJIeAoB aHwfl,vrHTeJIJreKTa ncuxon olaMvr npoBoAflTcr 1aKe6olee B0 ner. y.{errHe AaJrvAocraroqHo y6egurensHbre cBeAeH:z^fl. o roM, qro UilnglWeKn - oro QyHxrikrr reHorr4fra, a raKx(e cpeAbr, Koropa;r oKp1,rraer pe6eHxa c paHHero AercrBa. pesylnrarou nosgelicrnzx flBrfl,ercfl orrrofeHeruqecKaq cra6unr,uocrr, LTHTeJIJIeK_ TyaJrbHbrxnoKa3arenefi. B arou cJryqae oHToreHerarrecxag cra6ulbHocrb Bocnpr.rHnMaercs.He KaK orclrcrBue pa3Bl"jTvte,a, HanpoTVB, KaK COXpaHeHr4e ypoBHrr HHTer_ nexTyaJrbHofioco6eHH ocrr4 uqr4Buna. O.{eHr' BDKHO froHgrb ror Qaxr, qro Hacne,4crBeHHocrb r4HTerureKTa He oro, a xapaKTepyrcrnK nonylxqufi, KOTOpaq3aBH.Cr4T OTTOIO,HaCKOJTbKO xopomo B nonyrr_ rlnpr BbrpaxeHbrreHerr4qecKLreH cpeAoBbreearropu, noTopbre BJruflror Ha laHTelutexl Ec;uz [poncxoAr4T yMeHbrrreHue vrapenu\reHue noKa3areneft arux eanropoB no t
&
o oa, wuent4ue,ttex@r co6oipoLcmfueungn c&tryt, O J:T, u fiotttuoe 4ozuzecm4o o64u4 zero&, u"ttenm nauoolee notoz/cue noKqjamenu uHmzl,/zeKln0.
tIeM o6bqcHflrorc.s pa3nvqwtr B trHTeJrJreKryaJrbHbrx cnoco6soctsx? VIs noKoneHl4tr B rroKoJreHue onpeAeJreHHbre r{eprbr repexoAqr or poAaTeleri x /1ersM. Cyrqecrnyor Qaxrbr, Koropbre noATBepxAaror reoplrro o rroroMcrseHHorZ nepeAaqe cnoco6nocrefi . HanpwMep, r4cropzt ceMbn HeMerl,Klrx My3brKaHTon Baxon, Koropbre 6snu r43BecrHbre IbplraHuz r{a ilpolsxretrrru 6olee 2 eexos. Bux celme 6rrlo oKoJro 60 ruly:r,rxarn'()n,rr() nccNltlprryo cnaBy arofi Qar'lurrr4r4 r'pnll.ec Hotann Ce6aansn Eax. I4:eecrHr'r [\HHacrvv aprHCToB, xyAo)KHHKon, np avcfi , rreAarofoB... Ho rra xax;'Il,lli 'raxoli cnyuait Mo)KHo npn-
ftr
oa6'rq r',.qr.,tsd
saperzrlnrl2"oaar_
BecrH corHlr Aplrnx, KorAa cnoco6nocru orrloB u gereft He coBna.4aroT. Pe6esor po)(Aaercq He c roroBbrMr,rcnoco6uocrrtlz, ac 3 trarKal{u. Pasosnrorcr ru 3a4a"rx:Hs cnoco6Hocrr'r, 3ABI4.CH.TOT cOoTBCTcTByIoTIII4x
ycnoBl4ll
NM vIx npofl BJIe-
unn. flpe4craBbre ce6e curyaquro. lqe-ro Ha AaneKoM ocrpoBe s THxoM oKeaHe poplr]rcfl. MaJrbr{}rKc BbrAaroulr4MkIc.s My3brKaJrbHbrMH3 Earr.:av'u. JItoAu no ureMeHH He 3HaroT HpTKaKHX ApITHX MV3brKaJIbHbrX HHCTpyMeHTOB, KpoMe 6apa6aua.
IiO
Kenaoxen cnanbenon pe6eilok?
!l'..'.
On AocrzrHer raKoro ypoBHq cBoero My3brKaJrr,Hofo TaraH'ra, KoropbrrZ Bo3Mo)KeHB onpeAeJreHHbrxcoqpraJrbHIIX yCIOBH.SX.
llo iuHeHnlo 6orbrurzHcrBa cnerInaJrr4croB,yMcrBerrHbIe cnoco6Hocrz r{eroBeKa c HH3KzM HHTeJIJTCKToM HeJrb3.rr oqeHvBarb c noMorrlbro IQ. lelo B ToM, qro oHr4 cyqecrBeHHo orJruqarorc.rr or cnoco6uocreii o6sr.{Hrlx lrcgeri u HaxoryTc.rr KaK 6lr s raHorZsoFre.B rracrHocrpr, naqr{eHTbr c 6olesrrlro Aayna o6rap:arcT IQ or 2O rc 50. Ho s iro )Ke BpeM.rrcnoco6uocrb K HMlrrarfvrkr,ilaMflTb Ha oKp)rKarouvrx, Ha My3brKaJrbHbre nporz3BeAeHHrr H rrpocTo HeoprxHHapHblecrzryarluH HepeAKorrpeBocxo EvrTvtx vtHTeJureKr)/anbHr,recnoco6Hocrn. OAr,rs Hs 6ortHtrx 6oJre3Hbrofiayua - cbrH npenoAaBarenek rrrKoJrbr- cMof Hanncarb anro6uorpaQavecroe nporl3BeAerrze. B arofi pa6ore o HeKoropbrx cnyqasx paccKa3aHoxrprBo,c roMoporvr.Xorx 3aMerHo oTclTcrBr,te cnoco6Hocru o6o6qart u a6crparnpoBaTb: MaJrbq n K ac c o rI 14Hp oBan oTrla c AByMq pasHbIMlI JIIoAbMH:oAI,IH - f{vTeJIb, Apyrofi - ero narla. Ma ccosHe rrccneAoBaHlaA I.olrra3'/utu,r{To Konuqecrtso trcgeln c H!r3Kr4MHHTenneKToMcocraBJnrer2-3"/" or o6lr1ero qrzcra o6creAosaHHbrx. kIs avx HMeHFrov Marbrrr4KoB rrpocJre)KuBanocbnpeo6tagaHae rq)KeJrbrxcJr),^{aets orcranocl'H. fl osxe yr{eHble Bbrg.cnt4Irvr, noqeMy c}'qecrByeT'raKarr Henponopqr4oHanbHocTbMe)44y rl{r\aMw
_Klefrt*.&
MpKCKo'o H )I(eHCKoronona. Oxa:F,reaercq,qro oro"rJ( ulre Qoplrbr yMcTRer{uoriorcralocrr4 cB.rr3aHbr c rerraMr.r, Ko'l'opbre pacno-[ararorc.rr B X_xpollocolre. y )KeHuIHH npucyrcrRYror r'IBe X-xpolrocotrbr, no3ToMy naroJrorr,rH B oAHoIZ n3 HHX, KaK npaBaJro, BocfIoJrrlrrIoTCJ{ npl4c),T_ clBr{eM Apyrorr, fAe reHr,r a6co.rrrcnro HopMaJrbHbre. A ulxuurrsr rrMeror rojrbxo o,1uy X-xpouocoliy. llpzcvr_ CTB}'IOIIIHC B }ICIZ ICHbI C.4CQCXTOIT OKA3bIBAK)'I'Cq *HI{I{CM
He 3aKpbrrbrMa'> H o6napPxr.rnarorcrr B BHAe arroMlutLru. Vlsysettust celreli, rge norBprrvcb I\eTv c pa3naqHbrMz Qopualrn yMcrBeHrrofi senolsorleFrHocrtr, noAKuH),,Jlr4 ) rerrbrlr erqe oArry r.onoRoJroMr9 ()6 oqerrb cloxnorl rrpupoAe HacneAonaHprr yMCTBeHHbrxciloco6nocreli lo_ BopHT To, r{To po,qrrbre 6oltnrx c r,.alxerori ylrcrneuuofi rraronorlreii HMeror Ie, lDoneur, Ko'r,opofo HaMHoro Bbr_ me, qeM y po/tcrBerrrHKoR llogeri c JrerKo nbrpDKeHHbiMH (ropr.r alru nar o toruft. O rou, cyrrtecrBvef' JrH KaKa.fi-nu6o cB.s3b N{e}gly HH_ TeJrJreKroM U FTacneACTBeHHOCTbK), yqerrbre BeA)n, cnopbr yi(e /{aBHbrM-AaRHo.peurelrnen gaunofi npo6lelru 3arr*_ Mae'r'cfl rleira.fl rpyilfla yr{eHbrx_reHe,ruKoB. Ho x eguuoir,ry MHer{uro yr{eHbre nce eilIe rre rrpurrrnu. klcctegoBat.enH onpocunu rblcrr{H ceuerl, rAe BocnHTbIBaJIHcb rrpHeM_ rrble /IerL{, Tbrc.fir{H nap 6parr,eB H cecrep, R r4x qHC.[e 6snn u o4Hoxfiqostre 6.rusHeqbr. LIx vtctopuH f{eHbre rpoarraJrH3vtpoBanv H no.rlyqrrnH ilocTaToqrro BecK]re ap_ I'\'N,lCIITbI. .
c,06quti Qarnop uttnetuteKntb - 3ro rror{srae HC-
rroJrb3)aloryr{eHble. Kax4r,rri r{eJIoBeKMoxer coBepua,r,b MbrcnuTeJrbHbrenpoqeccbr c onpeAenerrrroli cr
o{6rq ftf
s:.;ipeuzr]Hrrf*-t-tet
kaHqrrr*,d
HaKOBbre ycJroBtrf,
X?I3HH, TaK V HenOXO)ItHe
feHOTnnbI,
TaKKaKfeFroranbr rro4eft Hec)"Te ce6e orJrprrrHrreAp)'Tor Ap)'ra Qopmnt reHoB.
{oagfifugueum uaczefoe,+tocmurtnczumuflaemcst &o64eu
euu
u He npu/l4eHurl4 K KoHtqteruto,tty unlu-
\
*#
6ryn0 tac,te1cm&euuocmu a oK?!Koryulrfil6rflltt J/cetttt 6 ,ltaozoofpaSue zp1eti fio ncutoJtozuze-
qroKoa(tQaqzerrr HacJreAyeMocrur pzCCguTrrrBaror, 6rr strrcultrb npr4r{r.tHypa3nr.uLrnlrcgeii Me)KA,vco\ofi,
ctlu)t ocoferuuocmtill u no&e1euup ua4o4umu no7
y3HaTb, H3-3a qefo BO3HHKaTOTpa3Iwrsutl H3-3a TO|O, r{TO ypa3Hbrx lrcgefi pa3rnr{Hbre feHoranbr, trJrH t43-3a roro, qro r4x o6yuuttt pa3HbrMr4 MeroAaMr4. llpegnoloxaM, qro roeQQuqaeHT Hacre/{yeMocru r,rHTeJrJreKTaBAp}T oKa3arrcs.6r,r 6lnsox x 0%. Torga MoxHo 6r,llo 6tr caelars BbrBo,4o roM, qro roJrbKo cnoco6 o6yreHux rBr.rrerc.f, co3AarelreM paumuwft. Mer{Ay JrroAbMH. A npalreHeHne oAHH aKoBbrx Boc naTareJrbH brx u o6p azosare-rrbHbrx MeroAoB K pa3HbIM .4eTfM HenpeMeHrro [pHBeAeT K OAHHNTH TeM xe nocneAcrBr4qM. Eclu roeQQaqueur HacJreAyeMocra I4MeeT BbICOKHe 3Har{eHH.rI, TO 3TO O3HzqaeT, qTo ArDKe npH oAr4rraKoBbrx nppreMax H MeToAax BOCrrr4TAIJrlflAeTu no cBoeMy roBeAeHr4ru 6yn"r Herroxolr(HMg Ap),T Ha 1ptra H3-3a ctsonx HacneAcrReHHbrx oco6eunocrerl. Teu r{e MeHee KoHeqHurl pe:ylmar He npeAonpeAemercrr reHaMH. I4sBecrHbl Qarrr,l, KofAa AerH, Koropbrx ycbrHosraru 6narrJnOnyrIHE'Ie CeMbh, nO \1f OBHIO p23BI4Tu9. HHTenneKTyaJIbHbrx cnoco6socrelZ oqeHb 6ttuzt
nPu cman bHblrt4&ruu,Mau u e,il n cuto zeHemu Ku, !4x roro .rro6L,l orIeHHTb Mepy BJrHr{HlanHacneECTBeHHocrr4 rr oKppKarorqeE cpegtr Ha Manepy noBeAeHr4.s qeJroBeKa, yr{eHble corocraBJr_trIor nroAerz, Koropbre r4Me}or pasnuuur,rft. ypoBeHb feHerv qecKoli o6rquocru (oguoafi rleBbrx u pasuotftrleBbrx 5lasueqon, poAHbrx 14cBoAHbrx 6parren H cecrep, gereit u ux 6uonofuqecKptx 14rrpzeMHbrx poAr4Te;reri). Muorae ferrbr HaJrnqecrBlror B HecKonLKl.rx xoHQraryparIH.f,x aHurorv\{Ho ToM)/, KaK cl/IllecTByruT pa3JrlrqHbre @oplru reHa, KoropurZ onpegerqer qBer Dra3. Cyulecr.Byror r€Hbr, KOTOpbreHMercn'FrecKoJrbKo AecflTKoB Qopu. ler{orrlrr orrpeAeneHr{ol'o qenoBeKa BKJrroqaer B ce6l gsa 3K3eMnnqpa KalKIoI'o reua, Qoplrbr Koropbrx Mory,T He roxo/Ir4Tb Apyr Ha Ap)t'a, a Mor],"r 6rrrs a oAHHaKotsbrMH. OAzn H3 HHX qeJroBex rraclreAye'l'or orrla, ulopoli - or qeJroBeK!- npHcyrqa oflpeAeneHrrafl MalepH. Kax4olly rou6rlHarlun @opn BCex reFrots.Otra rraxorAa r{e noBTopHTCrr, qTo rrBlteTcn vHHKanbFrbrM H pa,_lllr4saeT ln4er1 Ap)4'or Ap)'ra. Ceoeny pasnoo6pa3nro ncaxororuqecKnx oco6eHuocrefi nro ilr4 o6q3 arrlr teHe'r-u qecK vM pa3 JrLrqrrRlr. C.le relrb Hx )n{ac'r'Hrrorpax(aer [oKa3areJtb, xoroplrrl rra3br-
Baerc.s Ko?QQaqueflno/u ilacaeayemocnu.
K n puuep.v, 1JJIA r4HTen rrexra xoaQrpHrlueFrr,HacneAveMOCTH xOne6rrerCfirro Meribureriuepe OKOJTO 5O"/o.9tOuu qenoBeK s Koefi Mcpe He o3lraqaer, qro 509/0I4nreJrJIeKTa norvqaer or npr.rpo,qbr,a oc"rarrtnue 5026Heobxogulro npzoerpec'r'rrr llporlecce \'.{e6bt. 14 rorga HHTeJrrreKT /Ioc'r'rilrrc'r'I O0 Seurlon.
o-t&rq ftf
soeePat{ro"oo"+,*
raHrrKdHo
ry;lvnl.] TaKHe )Ke rIH3KHe OqeHKI'r I4IITeJUIeKTA,A OCTAITbr{bre Aeru [oKa3aJIH TaKoi{ }poBeHb HIlTenneKTyanbHol'o pa3Br4'lun, rorop st Ii coorBercrRoB aJI cpeAHeMy )poBH Io. floarou\' \a{errble crenanv cJIeAyIouaIi nunog: ailnel-
rcrn denbi s KaKoti-noilepe saoacunon ymcnoeflflbtx ilanzpai. ttpvuew cnocofittoctteti ux fiaoaoeuqecKu)( B npHeMIrHX ceMbflx Lpyl' [pHeMbr H MeToAbI BOCr]HTaHH-fl o'r' AplTa cyrqecTBel{Ho He oTIrn\faIfiIcb. xoroprtfi 6t'n npuneAeH RbIIUe, FIauuIAHo llpnuep, rroKa3aJr pa3Hprqy Me)KI)r fIOHqTI.{.flMI',I
flponegeu HbIe IzccneAoBaHntrnoKa3aJIX,tITo lel I bI I{eq/T onpeAenerlHlro orBercrBeHHocrF'sa 5O-7O%MHoroo6pazut. nroAerl no ypoBHIo yMcrBel{Hbx cnoco6rrocrefi u sa 28-499(, oTrttuuti c xpxo BbIpDKeHHbIMI4rqrblo )rHLrBepcaJIbI IbIMH, lloBoJlbl{o HOCTIJ, TAKHMV KAK:
BaxHbIMH
ceollcrsaNlLr
lrr4s-
yrepeunocrb B ce6e camonr; 6ecnoxoricrno; aplxelrc6ve; ocostrauHocrltr cRoax gei;rcrnwlfr; ra6nocrb HHTeruIeKTa. Bsrure 6ula npegcraBneHa IaHQopnraqutrMn B3pocIttx. Tflr He MeHeecHJIato3Aef,ctsutr HacJIeAC'rBeFII{ocTrI HMeer 3aBucnMocrb or Bo3pacra. MHorue cqHTaK)T.qTo 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
c foAaMH
|eHbr oKa3bIBaIoT' Bce MeHbIrIee BIH-SHHe Ha no-
BeAeHHer{eroBexa. Ho pesynrrarbl I{ccreilonarrufi, npoBeAeHHbrxvqeHblMH-[cr{xorel{eTr4KaMv. He onpoBeprAIOT 3TO MHCTIHC.
&
eosnuzue Ha zeHefiuzect(),tlgpo&ue,4a4 npahttro, d] J I zar4eofaaVyrcu4anmut y &4poc;tu4.rn1ei, 4oz0a yzce cfoptrupo4anuct ounhaue zepltu {E?arc meps.
al
V aepocrr,rx 3rraqel{rae roa$QHL\HeHTa HacneAyeMOC'I'H UIs
HeKOTOpbIX
HCCICAOBaHHbIX
ICLIXOJ'IO|HqC-
cKHx KaqecrB Bbrure, rreM y Aereri. Caur'te AocroBeprlble AalrHbre rro,'r\qer{br rrpu r43f{eHuu le^acneilcrseHHoIi o6ycB ilepl4oA rroBrreHFrocru yMcrBeHrIL'IX cuoco6Hocreti. MJraAeHqecrBa tsr{}rpr4napHoe nogo6ae pasuoxliqerltx 6racFrer1oe raK xce BbIcoKo, KaK Attl oArtosfrqenblx, Ho no npornecrBatt J r'er oHo l{Meer reFIAeHtIt4Io cHx)Karbc.a. Ero o6rqcH.flercl 6oruurnu B.TILIIHHeM,Koropoe oxa3blBaroT reHeTr4qecKlre pa3ruqutl. Llapacl aune or tu.t tufr coBepnae'r'ctl [IepaBHoltepHo. B opraHz3Ma cyrrepzoAax QopuaponarTve. l\ercKoro ulecTByloT sTarbr, KofAa oTrnqvtr Me)KAy AeTbMI{ Bo3IlHKaror lrraBurrn o6pa3oM IroA RJIpIflHHeM oxppxaroqeil cpeAbr. fun vturelneKTa o'rHM reprroAoM sts.r'ulerc.tl Bo3pacr )-4 roga, 1 nwr pa3rtul'ur{ rl4t{HocrHblx KatrecrB 3To rlepuoA npeAnoApoclKoro Bo3pacra - 8- 1 1 ,rer. Kpone srofo, R onpeAeneHl{oM Bo3pacle @ltlrrc4zontauap),roT pa3nHqrrrrre ferreTHqecKlle $axTopu. cpelu pa3cneAcrBeHHrrx Qaxropolr, Koropble o6yclonnllBalor HI{IIY B HHTCJUICKTVAJIbHOM PA3BLII'LILI,MOXI IO BbIACJIHI'b llo Bcex Bcr3pacrax, Koropble 4efrcrupor cla6unrrrt'te, rrxapaKlepHbre Arfl xax4ofi cru\Lrw pa3Bul:an. flo nceii tsepOqTHOCTH,CyU{CC'IB}'IO1'Oilpe.4eJIeHII[,Ie fe]Ibl' KOTOpbre BJrr4flor Ha QropuupoBaHHe r4n1\uBr44yanbHblx croco6nocrerl.
&
LIOu ) |
Haxmottuezotpe,ueau xeuS&ecnno,KttKue?(Hu o6yc,to6,ru&apmftuco4ui uHnu'tncKln. @
\
6tulr ornreqerrbr IrvLllr,ilarororaqecKue BI{/IoI{3MeFIe- M)'TaqHr4, KOTOpbIe BbI3bIBatOT rlapylxel{Ize pa:lBHTI4g. BttgcHHT4HTeJIJIeK'IYanbHofo claH,uaprr{ofo Jrocb, r{To BnoJI}{e Aoc'laToqHo oi Il Iol() lll'l/lorl:}Me}reHlroro 11()tllrttJt('ttt' :t:t,l1cpxrcori tena, ulo6bl Ha cBer pe6euor rrHq feHoB
yMCTBeHHO|O pa3BHTI4fl . 6ya)'r' ilec'rH mogeri, Koropble KorllqecrBo Heserprxo r{I{AUJaOHaJIbHF,IC I'eHeTHCnOp O TC)M, IITO l]ueloTcsSIe il1-)
1A
___Ur!L, ru l
frs
r.llrpeP.rll{rla"oou
oa&nq rrruqxdHo qecKne pa3nvqvIr. Hexoropr,le cqu'I'anr, qro ANtelorcn eu1e rLHAr\AOHmrbHbIe reHeTHqecKHe p 3nwgv,L TeM He MeHee HH KOAHOMV KOHKpe'I',HOB3flTOMy qeroBeKy HeJIb3fl npHxapaKTepncn'u<w toit MeFrlrrb cpeAHecrarxcrl4qecKue rpvrrnbr, x roropoti oH orHocl4rcs. BaxHo, vlo6lt He B3tnH Bepx npeApacc_vAKH no oTHoIxeHL{IO K TeM COIIHaJIbIrbrM fp)m[aM, KoTopble oKa3aJlucb B HeBbIroAHoM noro}(CHVI{.
B uarueu o6rqec'rne BbIcoKI{e LrHTenneKryaJIbHbIe cnoco6Hocru )tsDKaeMbI vt sRJrflrorcfi ocHosofi npovnx 6lar, qeJIoBeK (xoporuee o6pasozanue, Koropbre [orvr{aer rapnepur,rrl pocr). tr4x nroxHo Ha3Barb cBepxIIeHHbIMH. flonycrnm, qro HHTerneKT B caMoM AeJIe Moxer nepefttu K qenoBeKy no HacneAcrny. Torga MbI rIpIlAeM K ToMv r{To 6o,rr,uuncrBo )KeFIuIHI{, A,yMago 6,v-4.vrqencBoefo pe6eHna, 3axorler npnBrerrb AJIfl npoAolrx<eHatr poAa AoHopc q,ro crepM,v (lrvxvu H - l,Il{Ten,teKryanoB), a HIzKaK He cBoux co6crseFlHblx c[\"THHros xlt:FIz?
:-
lle ayuancn Att noao, qno naKaf,cnpyKnypa,KaKce/n'f,, (i? oKaxemcfl Secnoaesno
co rryIa fipuxoAtlr !,aHrrsre K-nr.turxrt peflpoil]rqLlv, nacBoHMrl 6e4anH u o,{tlFtoKne )KeHItILrHbr,u 6e3getHble pbl, roBOpqT o 'l'olvI, .ITo c-r,\'A.vttlHepoA,I4Teiln Or{eHb xienaK)T'Anrr cBol,Ix 5r'71,vu1nxAereii IzcK;rlot{HTenbrlo oAHofo - 3Aoponu. ITepcoHZJIbHbIe AocrDKeIrHtr v vuerrr4x pe6enna. rolBHBUIefoc.x FIa cller rrocJle reqelln.tl SecrtlclnLrs.lI)olJIdTe'rIHOqeI{I4BaK)'l' oqeHb ocTopo}t}{o. tra, i\et'n,.n: ttpo6rpKu " paHo [LITa]oT'ct{ ctrrq,el'b,6t tc'Ipee Il:lqlllr:llo1' xO/lHTl:. [I29HH?IOT fOUOpLlTb C MIaAeHrlcc'r'ri:I. Dlo nponcxoilnT rlorox{y, r{To It cpeAI{eM. KaK ro'r Sollure BHI{ Mall Hl, craru cru Ka, Ll}1 vrBepx{aer -yAer.[ qeM AeT.flM, TIoflBHIIIIIHN{Cff } r a CBeT()1'
IIo n
oqeHb Mlroroe 3aBrrcr4"I'or roro, KaK pa3BltBa"fb eTV HaKJroHHocrH e 51,4yr1eu. Cauo co6oit pa3yMeercfl, B 6olnruHHCTBe 3nI43OAOB BCe OlpeAerflJ{ floTeFlr\r4an po4wTeneli. Kax AoJIro oHI4 cMory'T 3alrnMarr,cfl c AerbMH, 1aBarb Bo3Mo)r(Hocrb Nnr rBopqecKol'o pa3Br{Tt'lfl. Baxso FIe neperpy3zTb vrxl'rar KaK neperpy3Kr'I Mor,w BbI3Barb 6oregHeHHbre ncl{xHqecKtTe ila'lorolrTkr.
a
1emu nu7 npofuptcttt otgryx/ceHurla' ftfeSgcttofiruo, gt(sti, hnu.Maauetuu Tafiomoi & flotnwei cffteneHu, fr, u lnn t&ta,lte2numcttttto n?utocam c&ountto}w.
i!...5. . . .
A qno )tG eeiluaAffiocn;?
IIl .;:.Avn 6olr'uraHcrBe cBoeM xopoluo IroHHMaIor rpap4t ce6n cterrtzrlbr cBot4x Bo3MoxHoctefi. Ottuytrclnnnr iryToqeei BnaAeHve BbICOKHMI'IHTeJIJIeKTOM'KaK I{ OrpOMCqacTbq. rlr,lir.r6oratcTBoM, caMo tlo ce6e ge AocTaBJI.fleT I4sy reHne 6lzsHeqon Aaer yqeHbIM MHoro nnQopnat\vH O 3aKOHOMepHOCT.[XHaCtIeAOBaHHfl yMCTBeHIrbIx 6yger ilpeA[ono)KeHHe, qro cnoco6uocreli.,rlorpt.{uuu 6l usHequl, Kolopble cQopir.lupo BaIil4cb ue egzHot't Marepl.rHcxoft sfiqercnerxu H HMeIor noAo6anu{wit uw o uHaxonuri KoMUIeKT reHoB, AonlKHbI HMerb B cBoeM pacnopffKeHurz r{ oqeHb cxoAHble yMcrBeHHbre cnoco6Hocrn. lJo ecrx )Ke vpoBcHb MbIcJIHTeJIbI{bIX cnoco6Hocreti ruSornureii crenerlll HMeer 3aBuIcHNIocrbor MeroAoB llocnr4'leHvrfl,o6l rerlzx, o6ntuaee, qeM or IIacneAcrBeHHocrlt' 'l'o BbrBoA 6yAer I{HLIINI:I'IHTenneKT o4ucllttiqenlrx 6,llrgrret\ots, Koropble HMelol TolKAecrReHIJbuZKoNInneKr lelIoB, rr pasHoxliqesr'Ix o6qgaH 6r'ltt, oAHIIaKoBbIM, rIoroMV qro or{H non}qator Bocnl{Tal{rie B oAurlaKoeofi o6c'railoBKe. Y.rerrtte na lepuatIHH cpaBI{HJIH. HacKoJrbKo yclleixrrbrM flBJlflel'cl o6y'reHlze B IrllioJIC'(rf) tt:tp oAltostiueeblx r.icopoKa oguorl IIapbI paauoaitt (clll,lr fi-rtt t:rttct 1ott.Orrn qf'o vcneBael{ocTb,v ()i\ltotlrll\clll,l\ ()illli}llclloR ul,Ifll3l4lILl, cxoiKlt. ()/ItIarro 6ortnInHCTts-Y rrpe/JMel'oB Ha -viIHeJIeIIr{e ro pasuo.ttiIIeBbIe Slngueqlr rpeAlioqllTalIa vrly6leurro
.$
sl:iPev/a}arl2toon+r\ry&
0{6ro
'1u{
ran.srKdHd H3yr{a'r'b pa3Hbre [peAMeTbr r4 no-pa3HoMy
flpeycileFj;Lrrl,4
B LIX H:l) {eHHH.
Ecln pastwtsr4fl cpt-1n ogHoxriqeoHx 6rnsHerl,oB oKa3aillacb y 2 pasa MeHr,ire, r{eM cpe/Iu pasHo.rriqeBbrx, To 3r{aqH'r"BCerrpelonpeAe,lfleTcq rerIenrnofi ? Alrepu r
q'ro, HecMoTpfr
Ha pa3IrIrIH'I
B VCIOBHqX BOC-
r7vlaHrw, p$ynbrarbrrecrzpoBaHvfl Ha IQ y 6lrasHerloB, Kolopbrx pa3tryil4rrLr. BCexe Mo)nHo 5ulo H.asaa'il) noxo)r.IdMI.j,xorfl 14 He ts TaKorZ cTefler{r4, KaK V Tex, Ko.i'opble BOCnPITbIBaJIHCt' tsMeCTe.
& {^Yo 'rT
&omeutu zoftopumto72opohe,y 6tu3ne4o&ono
. \ )nato salrzume/xb%o FaJtuzarnbc-a.?mo ?a&ucezo orfl mozo,& ry4u4yczo&ut4pocttu u &ocnumufia\ ,,turo )emu. *#
Bu"scualocb ram)Ke,uro pe6xra, r(oropbre Bbrpocrru BAOMaXfrpl{ervrHbrxpoAHTeIeIz, fro noKa3aTCLflMHHTetrJreKTya;rbHoro pa3BHTHn 6sutu ropa3Ao 6olee 6nuzwpt r{eM K npHeMHbrM. K cBoIlM 6zoror'fi.{ecKhM poAp{TeJrqi\,r, !'qeur,re c()rr()claBrrflnv npr4eMusx gererl c ux 6uolorrrq ecKur\.1 r I I{ al'epqMu, KoTopbreoTKa3arrHCbo'r naluruerz
cpa3-y nocne HX po)Kiler{vrx. kI B AaHHoM onl43o,4e cxox(ecrL, yMCTtseHHbrK cncroSsocr efr 6t'vtz n pocro orreJloM.ngrouleli. Oro eule pas cBal{erenbcrByer o 3FraquMocrn HecJIe,qcrBeHrrocru n @opnnpoBaHnu Hr{l'eJIJIeKTa.
HACAEACTBEHHOCTb. NOBEAEHT{E EEBAI'IflHI,IE HA ACOUI'IAAbHOE B lro6ou TIHBHJT{3oBaHHoMo6ulecrBe pe6euox rnrrraerc.s poAHOrl ceMbr4 r4 noMelrlaerc.a B rIpHeMI{}'n no ripHrrHHe KpHMLrHanbHocTHv errKotorv3Ma KpoBHbr\ poJlut enefr . YveHHe, Kol'opbre 3aHr{M aK)TCr ncplxorel{e'rl{ xorl, npegocraar4Jrll AarrHbre o nos4eficrt3r4Lr. HacJretryeMOCTT{Ha BbrrrrefrepeqncreHrlbre cnoco6r,r noseAeHHq. Yxe 6onee 70 ner vr{eHbre 3aHH}raK)TCfl HCcneAOBartveM Kpr.rMzlraJrbHoro noBeAer{H.n.Foltrue Bcero Hx HFITepecye'r celrelZrrafl HacneAcrBeHHocrb, B ToI\{ qucne no ornoB p*ylbrare trreH_Hror 6ln:Heqalr. 3T'Hx HCCJTeAoBAHHI"I rro.frBH.rrHCr:pasHoo6pa3rrbre orleHKr,r HacneAyeMocrl{: BAHana3oHe or 30 N 5O%. BepxHne svcJra HaclreAyeMocrl,r notr),qel{bl rrpu ACA9-
rloJra)ocattuu 6lusne4oa. orAelr,ur,re Hccne/IotsareJrr4 uero4 Monter 3allblllrarb oIIeHK/ raror, qro 6rHtneuosuli HacneAyer\{ocTH, froToMy qTo, |IpHMeH.f,ff el'o, FIe BcefAa tpaxropon y Aaer cfl pa3nenr4Tb tst rLtslanz'ereHeruqecnltx v3aBncr4Mocrb or cnoeo6pa:rlblx ycnoBl4ft cpe4u, Korollpn npoBeAeparr oKplx{asr oAHo.rrilleBblx 6lu:rreqon. rloJr] {eIIbI 3Flar{e[ppIei\IHb]x |rw v.ccrel.]oBaHlls, AeTefr l{acneAyeMocl'n nptr6"rlu:tuTerbHo nzn xoeQQHrIHeHTa n2 paza MeHbIIIHe, qeM Te, Koropble ilo.rry^{tulH nplz HCcJreAoBaHHra6lr.rsHel1on. Cucreu araqec nH H3)^{aerct H ac'JleAyeMocrb ilpecrvn rroro noBeI\eHVtI, c [oMoIIIb]o MeToAa I,ICcJIeAOBaHHfl rrpneMFrbrx Aeret:i B crpaHax CxaH4uHanrru - ffartwu rr lllnequz. Braro4apn corp]'AHt{qecrRv po gur e nefr-yc brrroBHTerell H ptII.Z opfaHoR Blrac'rlr /I'111'cl{Hc} {el{ble }'cK()nelrrHo orcJIeAHnH cy/Ib6yoKono 1.1'lt,tc. JIII(ttl()c'l'c1"1, 'r'()pbre 6:.;'ri.uycbrHoflneHblB nepno/tc 1924 tto 19,17 rr. Ko,lll.rectso ocpKAeHHbIx npecr)mHunoB,'rsu 6uo.l o lHqecrze onlbl 6snu npaBolr ap)"rrrr4Terflv'k1 I{eMHoro
o'-r5ro Kr,.HqKuk{o
*frf
KpotsHble ponpeBbruaeT Korr4r{ecTBo Tex ocyxleHHblx, r{To Btrxcrrnlocb, [vffenv Koropblx He npecr]Tlarr{ 3aKoII. qr4c'no c-vAxMocrek 1, 6uonoruqecKofo orlla oKa3blBael' np.firdoe Btfitflle;u'e na cy4t6y pe6euna: qeu 6oltrue 6lrno poEureJlrl, TeM 6oltrue BepoflTFlocrb y nocyAnMocrefiv ToMKa crarb rrparloHaplutllTeJleM. Enlo AoKa3aHo rarcKe, KonoPue 6 p$yAbnAne ycuttooAeflan uro !/ 0pAnbe6,
npecnynfloenoaeoenonaAus pa7ilue cem6u,cosnadaAo
llll€. Oco6eHHo oro BHAHo B ToM cJryqae, KorAa ux KpoBHurZ oreq He oAllr{ pa3 craHoBr4rrcfl npaBoHapylxuTereu. Bce Bbr[recKa3aHHoe noATBeprrAaer reoplzlo o roM, qTo HacneACTBeHHOCTb H'tpae',r' BTIOJIHe OnpeAeJIeHHyIo pOnE, R)tser|r:1,tfe]H]l1l]1l I):]1ICKA )TOJIOIIHbIX npOCl-VnKOB. OArIaKO He CneA,VeTCqlITaTb, q'fo IUIOXa'I HaC'IeIICTBeHHOCTb BCerAa npeAonpeAerfier 6lgyulee 4erei,t. Yqenue [pocnegvtnu cygs6br Ma-IIbqI,IKoB,y Koropblx 6uonorvtqecKne orqr,r 6u,ru ocyll(AeHbl B galr,nefiruen r{3 3TI4x pe6lr npec'ry.TIp{JIH3aKoFI To.rIbKo l4o/,,, trpftkte 86,"/"He coBeplllHJ'IHHHqe|O ilpOTLrBOnpaBHOrO. qro [pHeMHaq ceMbfl Mox(er 6olee roro, Bbr-ficHu.rrocb, oco6euuo cr4JrbHofloBilllsrb ua pe6eura, HMelolr1efo I{e6 naronpv,nrrrylo HacneACTBeHHocrb. Dro srl{qHl4e Mo)KHO OXapaKTepH3OBa',rbKaK [oJIor(HTeJIbHoe, TaK v o'I'pHuareJrbrroe. I4e o6rqefo q?rcra MarbtII4KoB, Koropble Bbrpocnu B HepoAHbIx ceMb.gx, 16.9/"n galluefiuren rpy[[pec]_\'rrr4nu 3aKoH (cpaerlure c 9'16rourPoltHoli ntrt). 3 I?" pOAI IL,IXOTUOB3'II4x MaiIbqHKOts I{COAHOKpaTHO HapFuanlr 3aKoH (B KorrrpontHofi rprmne ero 1I%). He' cMoTpfl Ha To qTo \,'DoBeHb npecryrl{ocTl4 cpeAH rpHeMunxgerefi 6r,ur Br,IUre,qeM B o6ulecrne tscpeAHeNI,on 6lut rrorrru u 2 paza HpIlKe" qeM cpeAl4 ux 6ttottorl4qecKl,Ix oTuoIl.
& !
'rT
'
lnfnozue
lzeHue
czutltlttutlt, zmo & 3rno,,tt c,xfae
\ fiotoujrc po.rb cu?panafzazonpu-omua:z o6cmnno&& npue,unortce.,ube. 'ffueano oHaU4ery, UapuryaJt Hbalaempur/\. ltflccmgnaozono&elenut ,q pe6en4a \ r rit(tttzonott/zaoi naczelcm(reauocmtp. @ df--r
Atl3BJ
&
so?e?r/ttrY)e44el-.
^ &
>G
Ho uepegrurvlar
6uaatu ocyxAeilbt,no naKaedenu npecnynaiusaKott
qAqe oCnAA6fl6lX(xoporro, r{To no4o6Hsrx ceneli c}rrlecrB\/er oqer{b H oqeHb na-no). 9ro ronoprlr o roM, qro B oplaHH3Me
HMerOTC.fl "far.I"j.e reHoTr4rrbr,
KOTOpbre Or{eHb yfl3-
BHMbr rro orHorueHzK) K He6laronpnsrnoir o6ctaHosxe H.s R rrcuxo ceueliHof o oKplDKeHufl (aH iuroruvubre .rrBJreH reHeTHKe HOCflTrIa3Barll'l.ereFrOTr,rnHO-CpeAOBOf O 83a HMOgericrer,rr). [Inegcxlre ]^{eHbre ro}Ke fipoBotuutv. HccrreAoBarrHe npneMHbrx geteh. llouaua-ny orrz He yBng.eilv Hr-rKaKHx cBq3erl Me)Klly ocy)r(4eHr{brMu AerbM r.r, Koropbre Iro/r}^{u Iru Boctrv'laHHe B ilpHeN{rrbrx ceMb.flx, H )KZ3r{eHHoM n}'Tu rrx poAHbrx oTrIoB. B ocrrosHor.{ rrrBeirICKHerp ax/{a He coBep m arrH npecryn IreHVtr, Haxorx-rrcb nog sosgeficrBueM arKofo.[q. Y.{eF{rIM [pvtIxJIOCb HCIuIIO.{HTLu3 paCCMaTpHBaeMbIXt taCTOSUIHIZ BHA npaBoHapvlreHr4fl. tr4 rorSa oHH BbrqBr.urr.lcra6\'ro, nc) ),TBepAHT'etrbrJ\.K) ctsrr3b uexfly cvulecrBoBaFrueM cvAnMocrr{ gerefr u ux poAHF,rMrrorqaMH. llpuvelr npaRoHepyrlerruq, coBeprreHlrbre o6oulrz rroKoneHn.rrNrpr,Herb3q Ha3Ba'rlr oqeHl cepbe3HbrMu. Cpe4n nux npeoSral\aJrlr xHUIeIIH.a H l\roIUCHHHqECTRO.
noATBepnnnr H 'I'or $anr,'qro AerH tr4ccre4onar{r4-fl qvBcrB}'Ior ococ neeaxHofi I racJreAcTBerrHocrr,ro't'ol{Ko Crenlrocra npueunor:r ceMbrl.EcltE 6pa'm cpe,qHHenoKa3ai'eIrn,ro e [I]seurfir cpe4n vcbllIoBnelurr'rx 4ererZ He orIleCMOTpt Ha TO MeqaJIOCt'pOCT'a\/pOBFI}IrIpCC.I}TII{OCT'H, r{T'o cpeilH Hx KpoBrrbrx po/IHlereIl npolleHT oc-wtrleHtrsrx 6rtl 3aMe'r'HoRlIIrIe. Cron'r 3aMe lr{'r'b, qro cpe/Ipl Hcpo/IFIbIx po7lurelefrruBeiloB rre 6r,no 3aMeqeHo re>i. I;'r'() t.tltc;r f)lt rpeIIHfl c 3aKorloN{. t t Ilttt ccl'lclicnotsaM?I.Ilpe/qeJlbt{o6-uat'cltt1-ltIrt lpynlnu aQtlcm'a naa arnocQepa cblrptne poJlb uetirpalusarop:l feHeTHqecKofo l{acrenufl .
supeulutt'"eaqe<4
o-, -iD^-^ -4lrakuHqKurt(r "CS AA
Cauui fio"Ioaknico6'tn7an4ecmtnu'mb iaKoH otnue' zaefiILq// fiItt}emei c ueitazonpwmaoi uauz2cm&en' ilocmbn, rcrlnoPue rctnu & npuz'lttttti ce'Mbec Hu;t1/'u co4aa.nun-elgntltilztcKll"t'l ctffirngcdr. <4)
nusxrjfi
coqr{aJIbHo-3KOHOMplqecKHIl n:a ltno4eIlcrBH.fl ).
CTal}'C (reHOTIZn
cpeAoBofo
\
CxaHnuHaecxl4e HCCneAoRATetiHnogpo6Ho paccMorpenH rIoBeAeHHe npHenHblx I\e'I'eir, I(oropble noqBHrHCb Ha cBer n nepnoii noJIoBI{He XX s. noAo6rft,te pe3}'JIEtTarbI ilpr{BeAeHbl H B',rp) Aax aMepp{KalICKT{XrreHblx, pa6otaeurllx B trrral'e Afioea. Heo6xoAIauo 3aMerLITt" vro e 3'I',Ot-t pa6olc noABepraJlw a*alrr43y He cyAuMocrb, a cyilIeclBoRaHprey rIpHeMHbx 4erefi BreqeHfitl K acollu2uIbI{oMy noBeAeHrlro. AlreplIraHrlbl BbIcKa3aJI!'IMHeHHe o 3}raqeHlllr fioBeAerlu.a, Koropoe -flBrilercfl ocHosoft AJLfi AIIaI'Hosa (acoL{HaJrbFioepaccrpoficrno JIZr{IrocrH'>.otro coAep)ru'IT s ce6e raw4e 4eftcrvust,3a coBepureHne Koropblx Mo)Ker nocJreAoBarb apecr. Cto.4a ,Ke orl{ocr{'fcs Tar.lae r{eprbl xapaKTepa, KaK JIXlltsOCTb, HMflyrbct{BHocrb, pa34pa}Kr46esorlacHocrrz, 6esorsercrTetlbHocrb,'I'perupoBanne tselrHocrb n 6eccrolgcrno. Cneqr{aJIHCTbI yr{ra TaKx(e BCe xapaKTepncruKH npp{eMHoI"I ceMb?I, Koropble uomu 6lt CKJIOHoKa3aTb B[rvflI,j':/re I{a pa3BHTVe al{arolut{Hblx Hocrer:r. !'uetrue nol{Beprnl4 paccMo'rpeH HIo cBeAeHPIs roll},Ko O JII4qaX Mlr,I(CKOfOITOrIA,nO'ION{y ttl'O qI4CneFIHOCTb)KerIIOBeAeHI4IO,OKa3aJIaCb rq[{}r, cKtIoI{I{bIX K ZCOqHaJIbFIOMV HeBHcoxoli. tr4s qHclla 286 o6c.ue4onaHHblx My)KqHlr rorrbno 44 nolyutrnvr Awatnoz odCo$iltlAhfl0e pACCnpOA' Cn6O AUqilOCnU$. Pe:-v,rbTarol roBopflT o roM, t{]'o HaiIrlIrrue AaHHofo paccrpofrcrsa 3aBwcv^t or cyxlecrRoBaFllrfl
rpcx Qaxropon: poAl{Tens(rcrleruqev KpoBHoI'o cvAr{Moc'n{ 7) uatw,l-uun cxurZ@arrop); 2) a-nxoror v3v'a rafir lraIrll'rrr4fl nplz3rl aKoB acounaJlbrlof o rIoBeAeHlrJIy.tru6olo qreHa npneuuor't ceMbLI (cpero-
noi;iQaxrop); 3; vcurrorlettul pc6elrKac ue6laronprurrrofr Hac,'IeAc'rncrrnoclurucennerl, roropot-r Mox(Honpr{cBor{Tb
I.: {D
lno aoxao cKasanb (i dpacnotoxeflflocna o npe o ttdciedcnsefifl nooedeiluf,? K Qopnuposailapacogaatbfloeo
Hecouneurlo 'fo, ql'o rel{bl qeroBera FIe oKa3blBalor noBeAeI{H.t KoHxperHofo Brl.nflle^ufl,rra {ropuupoBaHl.re C HCCOBCPuIACTC'I KAK 3TO TOMY, IHqHOCTII AII^AJIOIIdLIH.O y )KHBOTIJbIX. nOcTlmKaIuH KOTOpbIMI4 I,dHC'[r4HId..TV[BHbIM}I Cnl3r, Ko'ropat c)'lrrecrByer N{exg{v pLICKoM npecrylHoro ncllxoJloraqecKuMz o6lqcHqercfl noBetreHr.Ifl v t ':l,l.aMu, qlo oco6ennocrflMn, rIpHqeM, calto co6ofi pasyueerc-fi, npecr}TlHoro noBeAerlnr{ Mor\"I' Ha pucr QopullporaHur{ oKa3bIBaTb BJIH'TIIHe BCeRo3Mo)IGft,te He6lafo[p]t.sTHr'Ie ncHxoJIorHr{ecKLIx oco6etruocretl. Kaxqxan xon6usaquz tr3 ?Tr4xoco6esHocrerl roulponHpYercrl paeuoo6pasHntMr4feHaMH H pa3nuqHuuu SarlopaMn cpeAbl. cy6llepnuu KaHIHAa'roM rla poJlb 6uoloruqecxoro crana Y'xpoaocoHaKroFlsocrefi c"tpara acoquarbHblx ilA. Ory xpoNlocoMy Mo)KI{o safrrw roJIbKO B I'eFIorI4ne 3apox71eMIDKr{r{r{, BeAb Ht{eHHo oHa u o6yclonruBaer H3 y oAHoro tryrc rvfi\a M)trcxoro nona. fIpu6'rII43L{TeJILIro o4HotZ RMecro 1100 nlmvul{ B reHorzne H'aruqecrBylor Y-xpol'locol't. 3ra cwryil\An sBrqercs /IBe rrJILl 6oltrue ouu6oK, Koropr'Ie Mor)'r pe3yJrbraron 6soloruqecKux rtpottsof,ttw B cJIo)KHol\'l npoqecce npn QoprtLrpoBauvIn 3apoAtrnleBotZ x;lernl.l. MPrqnHaM TaKofo 'runa csoilqepra tropltu) crBeHeH nesuconnft HHTeJIJIeKT(uu;runx vcarcouwfr. pocr. B l96o-e rr. BnepBble 6sttu o6.uapolonaHbl QaKTbI, Kolopble foBopntllz o roM' uro Cp€dtl OCyX'
denaeunpecnynfluKosc ilasKumyp9sileljt ymcnoeflflux cnoco^flocnei aacqunusaencn 4% ayxuua c Aauflea Y- xp om o c oaari. fiepnoH ar{LrIbI] (l CIlrl ll l Nlc,x/ Iv :)'I'HM reHeI{3lUI()lIII()cTgTI,IqeCKHMgeQerron H KpHMnrraJrL'ItbIMH q'l'o cqr{TaJlocb, H3AaBHa wu 6svta BrIoJIrre o6l.[cHu]'{a: roBoCrarucr*tra M)DKcKafl arpeccut cHlIbHe€ x(eucxolZ. t = . -lF
vl
o{6rq
s:.li?eeuttrDel4e,.kuHqKotsd
pr4T 14o roM, r{To M}.DKqr4Hbrqarqe Bcry'*naror n xoHQlurcr c 3aKoHoi\{.
E omtzuzueofii ,ltg:,/czaH,rcomopueu*enm o4nj e & opeanu2,tre.44!J/czufryo-aoco,+t11, ruu 0(yt u 6ozeefryo,ttoco'tt 1ottrcao npu&ecmu 11nonCzenunazpeccu&ttoeo clne?)4y/czunu qro npaBoHap,vHo enocreilcrBnr4 f{eHbre Bbrflc:e'rrrrn, ilrlzTe Itvt,HMeIouIIte .[HrrrHrolo Y-xponocoMy, He HaMHoro qeM Izx coKaMepHHKr4. arpeccr4BHee, H sa peuremoli oHrl oKa3brBaroTcrB ocHoBHoM nocJre coBeprxeHHr Kpa)KH. CnetlwanwcTbl,pl3ytlafl MpKt{uH c Bbllxeorlqcau gOli reHeru.{ecrofi anovanueit, o6uapyrrraJrr4,qro cHH)KeHrzer4HTeJrJ'reKTa H tsepo.flTHocTr'rroJrr{eHus, cy4LlMocTprTecHo 83ar4MocBfl 3aHbr.Bogiraoxuo, uu3xttit ).poBeHb HHTeJIJIeKTa oKa3brBaJr RrrIjflHI,IeHe Ha pHCKnpccTl'rrrrTb 3aKoH,a Ha pacx 6urr 3aAep)r€HHbrMH rroca)KeHHbrlrrroA apecr. B .{acruoclu, Ha\,.KeH3BecreFrnogo6unli ctrysa{t flpecqm HHK,?rMeroulariruaruruoroY-xpouocoMy, MHoro pa3 yr\{}'Apflrcn frpoHHKHwb B AoMa, B3JroMaB ABepb,H CoBeprxr4Tr, Kpa)Ky,xor.s B.rraAerrbllbrco6crserrHocru Haxop:,r.nl,z'cb AoMa. I4s npooegeHFrr,rxHccJreAoBar rari lrl,trvur{, HMerouILrx nntttr"rcio Y-xpouocoM)/, cJreAyrorKaK Mr'trrrlttyxr doa aemaloSaxflhtx 6bt600a. &o-nepeeu,B cBoe BpeMs) ,reHbre, B3rrBsa ocHOBys1pasrtfi cMt'tcr, o6T,flcHqru cB.a3r,Me)4qy|erraMw H rrpecry'fiHOCTbTOreHeTHqeCKrrO[peAeJreHHbrMBo3pacTar{ueM HerXplDKeJrro6us unn 6ecnoulaAnocru. Sror BbrRoArroATBep)ryIaroTAar{rrbre: iloJr},qeHrrbre B pe3ynL,l'aTer4ccneAoBa:e'uflnpr4eMr{brx;1ereft. Tau eo:geiicrBr.re HacneACTBeHrrocrTHBbrr{Rr{.rrocb rrpfi coBepruer:rHr{npaBoHap}TreHHa ilpo-THBco6crRessocru i'pa;t
^ & ''CV\*
x'
B xoHqe npoIunofo BeKavr{eHbreHa\ranr4HcKarb KorrKperHbre reHbr, Koropbre Morrrlr 6sr onaaatt noagelicrsze Ha )poBeHb pwcKa yroJroBrro HaKa3yeMofo noBeAeHHfl. Bcn uHQopMarIHro,roroporl B rracrofl[Iee BpeM.so6taAaror y{eHbre, eule ueo6xo4zlro AoKa3alb r.r }TorrHrzTb. Bce-r'axu HCCneAoBaHue, npoBegeHHoes Hosorl 3elauV.{eunlx r4HTepecoAHH BnoJrHeAocroliso )moMr4HaHH.s. Batrw :llranbqltKu, c KoropbrMr.{ B ceMbe o6patlanucs )KecroKo. K rouy xe p e6xr a flBrrflrrr4cbHocprreJrflMw raxoit Qoprurr reHa, or xoropori 3aBncvr aKlr.rBr{ocrt SepueHra MAOA B opraHu3Me. Bnmcnu;rocb, r{To y grIax gereft 6uta He6o-nmra.scKJroHHocrbK acorlnaJrbHbrM nocrJmran. Hn)Ke, qeM y Hoclrreneit uttoli' Qoplrsr feHa - MaJroaKTr.rBHofi. Vgereri, xotopue BocrrHTbrBanacb B 6laronolyrHoia ceMbe,
cBfl3ld Melrq4y acoqlraJrbHbrMl,I
HaKroHHocTfl
MLr
v reHoM MAOA He BbrsBneso. Taxr.ru o6pa:ou, ilur\a, r4Merorrlue o[peAeneHHbre rer{eruriecKr.{e oco6eHHocr}i, oKa3 rrucb MeHee r{}tscrBaTeJrbHbrMpr K }KecrKoMy o6pauIeHHro c HLIMH npzeMHbrx uttw Swoloruqecrtrx poAHTelefi. flocle aHarv3a pe3yJrrrTa'r'otsHCcneAoBaHHs yr{eHbre Bcepbe3 3alTyMaxucb o roM, a ro3MoxeH "nz soo6lrle pa3foBop o cyulecTBoBal{I{v H2cJreIC'r'ReHHoHrrpeApacrroJro)KeHHocrH (cxlrourrocru) x acorluairbHoMv rroBe/'IeHr4ro. Bepoxluo. rroHqrr,re feHeruqecKu o5ycloeler rrrori vrr3Br{Mocrn (rre:auluulenHocru) ol Aerrr,Hbrx llereri Kacarcnbrro ue6raronplrflTHr,rx, TpaBMlrp.\rroul,Hx co6rn'ufi 61,;1e1 6olr,rue coorBercrRoBal'b HCf'HrIe.
BAI'ISHT,IE HACAEACTBEHHOCTI'I HA 3AOYflOTPEEAEHI'|E A KOIOAEI,I Vxre ganHo noAMeqeHa 'recHaq cB-rr3rrMexIV [pecrynrloc'rbro r4 3novnorpe 6leuHelr cnuprFrbr Mv Har'v'r'lr.:alr'lr. A v.reHble, npoBorluBltll4e ncr4xotcHeTuqecKHe prccJreAoTai{I4e re}Ibr BAIII.1'S,CMO|JTHAOrrVCTH',rb.r{TO C,VqeCTB},'IOT rrpeApacfioJroxrerru.rr, Koropbre rl].[rr]o'rcfl o6u1efi ocHonok l;rsr prrlx cryr{aeB noBeAc}rrl. K'lr)r\,{v x(c o6Haplanel( x"l'll EJlLrtllIl4tl I{bI rJ|IpeAereHrlble cxox{He 3aI(()It()x.1cl-)l rI?CIe;]\CTBCHHOCTHH COtlHaJiblIOI-I CpelU,I lllt Vl)OBeHb npecT),'nr{oc'tv[ 14He3AopoBoc,vBJIeqe}IHeC[]lpTl Ibl N,IrlHanHTKalrH. Tax, gnn ltbrrxe)re3aHHblx Qopu nolrerleHl4l cy[1 L?&. .yl
s:.llPeRuttrrze4{orr-
o-tarq rrrecf 'Berrr-rbrMrIBll.aercr nosgeri clnae o6qero oKplDKeHpIq aMeHHo B roApocrKoBor{ Bo:tpacre. Hanplllrep, 6pataa H CeCT'pLI,KOl'OpbIe BOCrIIzTbIBaIOTCIB OAHor:l Ceur,e (Ortz Mory/T 6urr u cBoAHbrMr{), ulteror 6o.tIsur}to cxox(ecrb Melrgly co6ofi ilo acoqr{aJlbHr.IM clcrlo]rHoclflM 14npuBblqKar{, r{eM co cBolrMI{ pollrrrentlMu. A erlt IIptrt}bIr{KI{ noflBIttrK)-rcfl r-r3-3a y[orpe 6lenrzx aJIKoI'oJIbI IbIx H anHTKoR. aJlKoroJlb .'II]JIr{e'rctI npHBblqKa ynorpe6lx'I'b oguaxo H or{eHb cJro)KHbrMc rloBe/ieHr{ecxotZ ferle'rzqecxofi no3nr\vtw rBJIeFIpIeM.OHo oxeatblBaer H 6llrosoe rbqHcrBo, r{ aJrKolornsn. llptzveM aJIKoronn3NI pacclvlarpuBaerc-fl KaK rcrrxHr{ecK()e :a60lesarrl{e, Koropoe pa3Bl4Baercs nocrerreHHo. |rlansuli npH3IIaK, rlo KoropoMy 3To'r l\lr.ar.
r{os Hr.{KroHe ocnapuu".t, - ileodo umaf, ncurc oeuqeHanepHoe,B3'r!{xAByx3nH3oAax cKAtnfleA K Cn0PnflO/jly. reFrbr BbrrlollHlIlor pa3nuqHble QyltxtlIlN. Ho cnequanr4cTaM npr4 npoBe lJeHL4LlncHxoreHeTHqec KHx HCc.[eAOsaHwfr pa3'beAuHu'rb DTH 4ne Qopnr't 3aBHcHMoc'tLI o'r c nuprHbrx Ha[HTKoB 6r,lsaer /{oBonbHo cJIo)KHo. tsepoxr'rone6attttst oqeIIKH HacJIer{o, aro sBtrtrercs, npnvuuori H rrbt crBa. AyeMoc'ru .{,orryclzlr url 14HTepIl aJIoM nBr-se'rcs 20 609". or AHana3oH /'lo
C,pu1ucuao&ei, po4unetu rcoffioput fioztuu angt' cmVa0anm,no amutuxe 3a6o,,te6auue.,1t eo,xad'lto,4t, 20-409b. A er'tu o4o'to acmozflurcz/rt, patubtJrt
&Stmo Iozepei- om2 0o25%
sete.lno6u npedonepanan;passanaeaAKo?o asma KAK 3AO0neEAilAn,ueo6xo4auo cAep)ruBarb Brer{eHr4e KaJrKoroJrroy noApocrron. OgHoBpeMeHrroc ylenlrqeHrieM norpe6;reHufl urKoto.rrbrrbrx FranHTKoBrl pa3Br4TrreM aJrKofonu3Ma xaK sa6orieBaqLrr rlcl{o BbtflB;rflrorc-s reHerxr{ecKlre eQQexrbr r'i reHolnn cpel{oBoro B3auMoilencrBlde. Heo6xoganro rranoMHntb erqe pa3 o roM, qro nbrilUtlAmA ile poxdA0nCfl. Kax r.l ne cyrqecrBver onpeAeneHHO|O reHa anKorolu3Ma r4JrLl feHa npecTvnHocTHr{aKTaKoBF,rx.llpocro-uanpocro anKoroJrrz3MBo3HHKaerKaK pe3ynHlaT
B Hacroxnlee BpeMJI y{eHble ror{Ho ,vcraHoBl{r?I, qro Bo3pacr, c Koropofo Haqarocb 1'norpe6.rteHxe aJIKoroJIfl, HaxoAr.rrcq no,rI BTHIHAeM oKp).DKanuleli cpellbl A wttHa IrepBbIX nopax ro}Ke TeHCr{R}{oe elo norpe6tettue O'l' COIIHan bHOrO OKpPK elH]/,s..crOnr rlolrHoCTr,K) 3ABY]C?4T ol'Merr.rrb, rrro [pHcTpacrHe K aJlKol'ollbuoti npogplqza B paHHeM Bo3pacle (xar upanaJlo, .qo 15 ler) ) {eHble Ha3brBaror Qaxlopolut pHCI€ pa3Blr-trrfl, aJIKofoJIbH<>i4zasvcr4Mocla. leHe'ruqccrioe BirH.flI{He FIa D'ror npI43HaK KaK ilpH perueunu arotl TaKoBoe olcv'r'c'r'Bycr. floelonv rIoBeAepoJrb polturenbcKoe Hrpaer rrpo6.lcnlr BDKHyro
TtrUHHOt:l
BepeFII4IIbI
CO6r,tTair,
KOTOpbIe
CO-
pHouy norpe6.rer{kt ro aJrKofo.[bcoAeprrlrcrnlror peryJr-fl x€rrlux uafIHTKoB.IlErurel.lol.txFryTbreco6trrnrr g raroli-to crenerru HaxoArITCrriloA Bru.sHueu 6olsurofo KoJrr4qecrBa reHoB. Xaparrep qeJroBeKagaBncv"f or runa Bocrrr4TaHntrIr or rer{ornna. I,Iuerrrro xapanTep MonoAbrxJrrogeri nour.rfle'r Ha ro, KaK qacro orru 6yA)rr 3ar)rflAbrRarb B proMoqrry u 6yay nH npurXepxnBarbcr Mepbr. VIs-sa npnc\,rrlnx r4r{ reFreruqecKux oco6erlrrocrelZ JIIoAr4no-pa3r{oMy pearr4pyror Ha roKcur{ecKue eQQerru arKororq. Heroroprre flrroHrlbr, roperlrlu ra rurrarlqu HMeK)TQopr'ry reHa, Koropas Bnvflel rra nepepa6arbtBaHHe aJrKoronqrteqeHEro.llpircyrcrnue a'roli (toplru reua BCerAarrpr.rBoAlil K cHnbrrefi[reMy orpaBrrerrr{ro arrKo|OJIbHbIMLI
\
-. fr
x.
k..HJrKilk{o
I IafIIIITKaMH.
flocre yuorpe6leHr.{r crupmroro qeiroBeK q},tscrByer, r{To ero Haqr{}raer lorrrHrirb. llosslsrcrcfl ronoBoKp}rxeHI,{e v pa3ApDKr4TeJrL,HOC'rb, OrqVrIaeTCflnpr4nlrB KpOBlr KJruqy.6l aro4apx 3THMHenpufl THbrMorqyilIeHr.{-fl M qeroBer(rlo3AepxstRagrcflor npoAoJDxeHaflrrpoqecca ynorpc6rerra.f, cnuprHoro. floeronry nK)IV. - HocHTenH Bbrureyraaauuori Qopnu rer{a iloqra Hr4KorAa se 6olr,Hu a.rrKofoJrr43Mou. B KoHLIeKoHrIoB, He Bce lrronr4,Koropbre peTJIJIpHO IpL{HLIMaIOT atIKOl'OtIbFIbIeHaM'Kp{, B,II2UI['V.{er rbrc 3ar rsrbr }r3yrleHelinretr craHoBqrcq aJrKoroJruKaMrz. I{IuIeM.(aHHbIX I'eHClB, BJIH9IOIII}IX Ila 'l(), II1lc'l'yllll'l' JII,4AIIKoroJrbHar 3aBHCHMocrb npH /UlHTe,lblloirr BO:;,rlcllcrsl tLI aJrKoroJU{ Ha Mo3r. llpu arou reHbr He Aaror ycraHonK,v Ha KaKHC-TO KOr{KpeTHbre Qlopl.r sr rroBe.4eHu', He <.ToJIKaIor>
.$
s',peau*'o.oou*r.Z$. "46roku'qru".d qenoBeKa r 61"rsure. !,orryrcrnlr, qenoBeKy H3BecrHo, r{To efo opfaHH3M HMeeT npeApacnoJlo)KeHHocTb K aJIKOTOJrH3My.Tol4a oH Mo)Ker B3.srb noA KoHTpolt, o6craHoery, ynorpe6leHue arKororq, flplrBercrByercq n xoropori 3AopoBbe. v coxpaHHTb cneIl,HaJIHcrbI ts noAe'reri po4urelefi-aJlKoronnKoB cneAl{ee BpeMq HMeHyror Zpynn0A Afl0}KecneeilHoeo pACy 2Oo/" H3 3TO|O CnI4CKa CyUeCTKd. llpu6ttv3vTerrbHo Yro6u ux Byer r{enbrft na6op pa3nvqHblx npo6leu. perxnTb, Heo6xoAun o ilpvrcranbHoe BHuMaIrHe co cropoHbr poAr{Terreit,negarol-oB, a nopoIZ H MeAItKoB. B ocHosHOM 3TO npoqBnqeTcfl B BL{Ae HeyCr'IAqHBOCTH H paccrporicrn HepeHotZ cncreMbl (urxoaHoro cuMrIToMa, 6os.sstt reMHortl I4 np).Pq4ro, Ho cflMer{alorca npo6leuu c flpoxo)KfleHueM rxKorbHolz nporpaMMbl, eule pexe
Bcrpeqarorcs00A€€cepb$flue nanoAoaua- KoltSy 6cau pAiilAqflUXqACneAne A.3ta asoua-nuv4Helrb3tr ct{urarb pe3)r/I BTaroM KaKnx-JIZ 6o uzl'rttoB retlerHr{ecKof o aililao6para. Ouu arTur;43vtp)'ruTctr us-sa se6naronpuqrl{oh craHoBKH, Koropat oKppKaer naarepeli Bo BpeM.tI 6epeMeHHocrH H B nepuoA BocIrHTaHpLa MaJIbIIIrefr. llogno4t HTof BCeMy BbrrrlecKa3aHHoMy o f'oM, xar nos4eIicrBvet' HacJreACTReHr{ocrbua QopnnpoBaHHe acoq}IaJlbHol'o ITOBeAeHHt v pl3B]/r"tLre aJIKOrOJIH3tura,M. B, '4lQAruOna, r
Y"
Pagsutlae aco\r4anbLrbrx HargroHuoctefi ue qsrr.flerc;r- HeorBparnMbrMADKev HocnTerreliceptesuux reHerzqecKlrx ar{oManuft. Boapacr, c Koroporo :aauarr lmorpe6narb aJrKoroJrb, H r4HTeHcutBHocrbero norpe6renlas. Ha nepBbrx aranax rrorrHocTbro onpeAenrloTcfl AeracrBueMpa3rur{Hbrx cpe_ AoBbrx Qanropon. lenerNqecxrae eQtQexru H reHorun cpeAoBoro usant rogeficTBntr o6Happran aroTctr nvxtb Nrs. rrocJreAy'roqen ocnanal\tnt norpelneHnfl, cnnprHoro H pa3BHtr7fl.lurKOI'OIH3Ma. Cpegonue Brfl4flleyrs, f{eHbre -ncr4xoreHeruxu perxr4Jl{ pa3AenuTb Ha o5rqy'ro ri :rrHrLrB:z1yarrbFr!rc cpeAy. 06uqan CPgdABKnroqaer e ce6s ronbKo HeHacJreAcrneHulreearTopbr.C zx nouoqblo po,{cTBeHHHKH us ognolZ ceMbu He HMeror cxoAcrBa c qJreHaMHApyrHX ceuerl. nog UAilUCUdyaleaoti cpdoi rroHuMaror Harwrlue HeHacrreACTBeHuux QarlopoB, Koropbre oKa3brBarorBJrHsHzeua eopMupoBaFrue pa3nvswZ uexgy qreHaMr4 celrt'u. Dro Mo)Ker 6utrt uuguBr41yarbtbrfi glst Kaxloro pe6eura Mvp npllf,Tererl, oAHordrraccHnKoBurrw nperroAaBarerreri. Cpna )Ke Mo)KFroorHecrr.r 3arroMHuBrrr4ecseMy noAapKH r4IrkrnocTyrrKH B3pocrrbrx, BbrHF)qeHH''ro r,r3on_fl r]Hro oT cBepcrHHKoB B p$ynETare KaKoir-ttu6y1\r, TpatsMbrHJrH nue co6urpu. ApyrHe luHp'T4Bl4\yun
l'l B 3AKAIOI{EHI'1E... lanee paccMorpr4lr noageficrtsHeHa noKasareJrnyMcrBeHr{bLX cncro6rrocreii pe6eHxararclx QarropoB nocJre, KaK: l"rpo6noro pa3BHTLrff l) uospacr pe6eHxa; 2) ovepe4uocrb rroflBJreHprrr Ha cBer; 3) uanwuue KpoBHbrx6parlen H cecrepr 4) unrepnan MerqyAaraMr{ rroflBrreuua gerefr,Ha cBer. Busculurocb, t{To qeM Bbrme Bo3pacr pogu,reneh ua MoMeHTpo)KleHfi-fl pe6eHxa, TeM tsbuuerroKa3areJruefo HHTe/rrrexr)raJrbHoro pa3BrrrH.s.flprrvcnr .'qel'u iualepeiinoApoc'I'KoBnoKa3brBaloToqenb rrH:lKrrr:r1tc:rr',rrr;r'al IQ. Ho npu )tsenrzqeHrrn Bo3pac'l'aMaMbrlto'10 Jtc't'rroKa3arerl IQ Aereli Bo3pacraer.Y.{eHbrer.r: EnpnnHreMa npoBeJrHpa3Hoo6pasur,le?rcc.rre4oBaHv,s,. Ortu nporecrr.rpo-
s:oPearrvt'l2e4-te-.
ol6ro k.,HqKrtk{o na-trrlnepuenqeB 30- 34-leurux MATepeI"I,II rlor)'qeHFlble noKa3aTenl4nep6alnuo|ol-{H1'eIneKTaAeTeiIB3flJII43aoc-
rIoKa3aJIH,t{'ro Beprroelt !,altnetiunne HCCJIeAoBaHHfl IQ nepneurleB y Marepefi-rro4ptlcrKoB oKa3arc-a 6rana;rtnlrii na 8 n1+rx'roBHlr)Ke,)poBeHr nep6a,rrnoro IQ nepneHlleB y uarepeii 2A-Zl-nerHefo Bo3pac'raHa 6 rn''Hxros HHX(e' noKa3areJlb sep6:utlnolo tll{TeJIreKTa ilepBoro ilo cqery pe6eHxa y 22-24-nerseli ltareplr - Ha I nyHxra Hux(e' Ha noxaea'reJlb)poBFLx vMcrBeHI{bIx cnoco6socreli ee aerefi HeMaJroe rJltLlflIl:/le oKa3bIBaeT B3IMqPIIIA CeMbu, po)KAe-H{fl ae-Konr{qecrBeHsntli cocraB I{ oqepe/IHocrb noxasarenr' tQ dgnea refi. Tax, cpeArrecrarucTHqecKHil
cnaflo1ancf,aeilbue npu Ko aqecnseflflonyaeAuqeilau c o CnA 6A Cemb tl, npuqe M caurvtfr. cr apnrwit pe6eHox n c eMbe HMeer oqeHr, sttcoxptli rloKa3are-rlE,IQ, noc;Ie SToro IQ saMerHo HHx<e.3la reugeHllu-a orqerrtrBo rlpocnexuBaercfl B caMblx HI43KHXcoIIHaJIbHbIx Kp)'I'ax o6uecrea' lloxaB 3aBncl'IMocru larcKe olroro' 3areJrb IQ Haxogurcq KaKr4e H a IIuoI{ aJIbHbIe 14lq'n bTypHbI e Tpa|\w \vtlr fl pnBeTI(yJIlcrByorcfl B ceMbe. B nacrosulee BpeMrr cyqecrB\ror sFIpIMarrpH 6eg rle ocraerc's 'rlpbr, rAe HI{ ogl'rH pe6eHoK B3pocJrblx (a ceur,xx MopMoHoB' KBaKepoB, I4/A'eeB' cracocraB poBepoB I4 Ap.). B arnx AoMax KoruqecrBenslrri It cBor{ ecrb MHoroAerHIJe: ceMbLI (a ceutn rpaAI4IIHoHHo HTITeJIl{a orpullarenbHo nrtuae'r Aerv, Lr lpzeMllble) ue .rleKTVaJIbIIoepa3BHTI4eAel'eF' t{To IlpoeeAenuble I4ccneAo Bat-alaflTaPI(e fIoKa3bIBaIor, NIc)KAy rerlr oLHofr cevrw c pa3HbIMH IlpoMexq/TKaMH bHblx I{HTenJIeKryaJI pasuurl poxi4eHneM nMelor )'poBeHL HHTeTJIeKTVaIIbroro'{ro6sl cnoco6nocrefr.. nut }poBeHb Horo pa3Butwx nereit 6tll rle HItI(e HopMbI, oHu AoJDI(HF'I rroqBrflTbcs Ha cBeT c rrepepblBoM Met(Ay HX poxAeHr{sMLr He ivreHee 3 ner. B ceMbflx, r/Ie BoclrxTblBael'cs rpoe Ae reit, pauul\a MexJ[r IrepBbIM H RTopbIM, A TaK )Ke tsTopbll{ pe6etxou r'IoJDKHa6mr, ue MeHee 3 r'er'Ecttw tpero"t "B ceMbe pacrer Asoe Ae'I'eIi. To rlpo^{e)IqrroK MexAy pox(N{eHbIIIe 3 rrer [Ie Bru-fier FIa IzHTeJIneKT .u,eHI{eM Aerefi nepBellqa H JIHIIIb IIeMHOTO nOIIIIDKaeT)poBeHb IQ erO ceMbp{ s 6-orl6pata r{nn ccct'rpbr. llptt sToM crp\rtr}pa urefi uepe no:4eft crnver. Ha rloKa3areJlb ypoBHtr eep6alt'-
^ G
>rl"
lroro HHTeJUTeKTa B orJrlrque or uenep6aJrbHolo. Taxlliu o5pason, MolrcHoroRopr4'r'bo f'oM, vro nep6:urtutrrZ anT'eJrneKT6o.nsure noABepl'aerc.fl nocriraraJrbr]oMy BrrntrHHro oKp).DKa roucrl cpeAF,r. Cnerfria,rrucrot rtpoaHa, :lr3vrpoBatrr4fiuoepaquu sudap qAXCfl AUqflOCneA14BbrflBrllr4 qro B ocHoBHc)MBCeoHr.r ultt 6t'vtu [epBbrr\r peSeHrolt B ceMbe,vtrvt rroflnLlrucb Ha cBel' c /urr4rrHbr M [epepbrBoNr Mex{i1ypo)ryIeHHeMnepBof o pe6eHxa.Eo;rsureroro, KaK[paBr.rro, Bo3pacr r4xpoAHTcneft 6l.l.n3rraquTeJrbl{oBbrrxecpe/IHero noxa3areJrrrHopMbr,r4 s oco5euHocrt4 3'I'o orHocnTcr K Bo3pacrv oflroR. B cepeguHe npomnoro ReKavqeHbreMfl, npoBe,qeHr4.fl HCcneAonarrrrk nu6panu 1 1 gerefi, rroKa3arenb IQ xo'r'optrx Bbrrxe 180 6a-mos. 10 r{s Hltx 6r,uu [epBr,rMH AerbMrz B CeMbe, II-flTepO ,4eTeH OKa3aJII,ICb eAHHCTBeI{Hr'IMP1 qAl\AMI"l., Z\i qeTBepblx, KpOMe HIIX CaMHX, B CeMLe HMetIOCb
eqe ilo oAFroI{}/ pe6eHxy. B 1953 r., rrpoaFraJrr43r4poBarl )KH3HeorrHCarry's.64 st,rAarouuxcq aMepzKaFrcKnx yqe,r'to 6I%o'us Bbrrrre),Ka3aHHbIx, cfIerIH arvc fbr Bbrtrc:rrr4rrr4, Flr,rx 6r'rlu [epBErMH AeTbM]r B CeMbe.B Clyrae, KOfAa qeJrotseK He sBJrrJrcs nepBeHr{eM, rrpprc}TcTBoBajra pa3Hr.{qa npulnuzurerrbrro B 5 ,re,t: nMeHrJo Fra croJrbKo ler 6lr,ru crapue nx6partxr4rrr4 cecrpbr. LIx otrlu Ha MoMerrr polKilennfl, pe6eHxa lr.axorannvcb B Bo3pacre craprue 35 te'r, Marepf,Il 6uro npu6lrttstt't'eJrbHo 30 ner. B gelcxoirl nospacTe sTHM rer{HaJrbHbrMnepcoHaM polIHTeJrH oT]I'aBanvr Bce cBoe BHr4MaHHerz ceo6o4uoe BpeNrfl.Marerrtxne sFl.qepKHHAbr Fra nepBbrx roAax x(I,r3Hlr rle IeJrHJru vrx Hr| c KeM. A ecrn poAHTeJra vMerrr4 Aereii rrocraptrte, pa3rrr4ua Mex([y,4err,Mpr He MeHee 5 re:T,To B3pocnble 6parr,n H CeCTpbr BbrcTvnaJrlr B ponr4 AononHHTeirbl{oro HCTor{HvKa 3rraHufi. Ho ReAb B ceMbe Mor.[pt 6r,trr, ra Aerpr noMtIaAIrIe. B aron cr) {ae 6ygyqne 3HaMeHzlocru o6peraJ'll4 c)arlecrBeHr{ryo BbrfoAy Arfl pa3uurll.s co6crneHHbrx yMCTBer{Frbrx cnoco6nocrerl. B pesylrlare oHr{ paHbure B3pOCnbrivrH. cT?HOBLl.ItIlICb Bospacr poAwr€;rerl, no MHelrhro rvrrI oln x vuc r rbrx, o6yctloBtrrzBaeTKaK Ko.[uqecTBo, T'aK Lr Kaqecl'r]o rlx \'qacTHt B Bocrrr4TaHr4r{cBoHx Aerefi. /{onaaaHo, rrro poAHTenu 6olee 3peJroto Bo3pacla s 6orbrxefi creileFrr4 norruMaor,
t\
*q> -Et's -
d\
s:.lipeR.rttr1D"-r-tett
.\ v.e
' '..rq KuHgKdk'lo
qlo rreo6xognuo oroABr{Flyrt, cBoI4 co6crseHuble HPI{AI'I B yroAY sa6ore o Aerqx. Eeccnopno' B ll'rore 3To norox(HAerelz TeJrbF{bIMo6pa:oin orpa3l4nocb Ha cfloco6nocru cTpoHTb B3apIMooTHoIxeHI4rl c OKpIDKaIOIIIHMux MZpoM'
&
ja,ueffiunu, zno & ttezet{ue nocne1uu4 flntrre pg ntm nPocneJ{ufiaemr:t cmafiuttwoe y&ettuzenue ff' uHmtrt'reKfllatttnu4no4asamerui.
q.\
<€J
llosL,rruenl4e HHTe'[JIeKTyaJIbHbIx noKa3are'[fi 3a nocneAHHe 100 ler ivro)KHo oxapaKTepv3oBarh cneA)'Iox{HMLr I{anpaBreHvrs:|{l4: Heeep6aJlbHoro I4HTeruIeKra paclyr, a Bep 1) norasareln 6:uttnoro ocralorcs Ha npexueM ypoBHe; pacryT [oKa3aleJIH IQ roro rroKoJlerlntt 2) cra6unHo qbe paHHee /IercrBo BbIrIaJIo Ha loAbl' I(ofAa ttogeh, o6rqectno, r/Ie oI{H npo)KIzBaJII4,3KoHoMHr{ecKH llpeYCleBaJIo, a coL\r4aIrhHr'tti cocTas efo rIpaKT'HqecKI4 He MeHsrcq, qelo He.[b:]t cKa3aTbo Tex, r{bH Ae'l'cKHefoAbl [pI4IXnHCb Ha BpeMeHa Ha[pJDKeI{HOfo 3KoHOMHqeCKOIO
I,I COqHAJIbFIOI'O
NOJIO)(CHA'1;
cta1wm'no 3) noxaaarenl{ yMCTBeFIHblx cnoco6Hocreit l{aceney Bcefo noAHxMaorcfl B o6rqetl cno)KHocrll Hi4'I fIIAHCTbI. AlrepuxaucKr4e
yqeHbre
rllloBenI.I
CpatsHIzTejIbI{bIII
aHaJrrT3noKa3arere l:r ypont u HTITeJUIeKry-aJIbI{of o p a3BHTufl :glacereHnx AuepuKH B nepfiott, c 193'2 no 1978 rr: Btmcnta.noCb, ero B cpeAtleM noKa3are.[b IQ cla6lulHcl tsblpac'raJl ua 0,3 J\eJrelul,z's32t I'oA. A Bcefo c HaqaJIa tseKa CIIIA ilo/Il{'flncq Ha rloKa3aleJlb ypoBFIa lQ xurenell yMeHr,rueHHerex{rla scSolltiloe 22 tryuxra. Ha6nroAaercR y rroBbIItIeIIH-flvpoBHl IQ altepuKaHIIeB' Koropbte rIofBHJrr{cb FI2 CBer Bo Bper{r{ Rellrnoii;llefipeCCHl4' Caur,tlrr.t BL,icoKHr,II4 3a BCe aHanH3I'{pyeNIbIe foAr'l MO)IJ'IO CtiIITATb IIOKA3A]'CJII4HFITCruICKTAAMCPI4KAHIIEB 1946 rolp poxAerllla. Cneqza.irprcil't oSlscn'sor pro tl5cToqTe.[bcTl]o 'rej\I, Y'fo cKopee Bcefo 3TI4 AeTU IrpocTo Kol'opbltr Irocr\TIaJI NIaFIT{fl. <.K\rfr 3' r'()Nl oSlene BFIIT z,rrl t c r>'>
or por1uTenefi. B arolr crHCKe MHoro .lrro4efi, Koropbre wnu 6i';utwnepBbIMHAerbMI,tB ceMbe, vrvt rrosBnlrucb Ha cBer no3x(e c 6oltrnuM nepepbrnou (no nceri nepoxrHocrH, Hy)rtHovr{ecrb Qarrop noliHr,l). Marepu ).'AeJr.rrrrH AerrM MHoro BpeMeHv.K arouy BpeMeHr.rBo3BparzBrrrlrec.flc sorlFrtr Bo3My)KaBIxueorrl[,r TarcKec yAoBoJIL,crBHeM 3ar.rLrMurr4cb Craprurlx AerbMH vr xorelrn lrrapHofi )r{Lr3HA. 6parrcn r4cecrep, Koropbrefrr4rrvtcb B rrrKoJre,inoxlro 6unO paCCMaTpvtBaTb B Kar{eCTBeAOIOIHLITeJIbHOTO HCTOqrjLII{ Ms. noBbrrueHl.Ifl ypoBH.rr r{HTenJreKryaJrbHofo pa3BVr'lvtAerux gereit flouprrrlo 3ToIo, Helb3q He yr{r4TblBaTb To, qro rrocJre oKoHqaHn.fl sofiFrr,r n Auepnxe rpflFryn )Kr4lu lqHuli Kpr,r3Hc. lloarouy lroAu BbrHv)r(Aeur,r6rulpr xprrr, ognori 6omurori cemr,efi. B pes_vllrareAeAy'rxKu u6a6ryKH BHecJrr4cBoto nenry B Bocrrr4TaHue gerefi. flpu rracrl'nne:g,uu 1963 r. a Arr,repure HacraJr qepeA CI/UIbHL,IX COIIHaJIbHbIXH3MeIIeHHfr : BbIpOCIO KOIHr{CCTBO qacro cn)rraeB pacropx(elrr4e 6paxa, yBenuqurocb oAHHoKHx rrarepeft. MHorue Marepr norrrJru pa6orars, H B peynbTaTe Brrr,rMaHr4.rr K AeTqM co cTopoHr,l ilrareperz 11orrloB cra;ro HaMHoro MeHbrxe. Crapuree rroKoJreHne vr3"r,flBtlIro)I{eJraHHe)Kr4Tbpa3AeJrbHo. B urore AeTH noTepsnu orpoMrrlro Aonro rorolr(HTenbHbrX alroqnri, Koropble rroJry{alrlt o'r 6lnsxoro o6qeurl-a c lrc6ranrlrwu 6a61'urnamu H AeAymKalcl. He.rrtsq He cKa3arb o roM, qro AerH, poxeleHHbre B 1946 f., oco3HagaJrpr,qlo nx 6ygynlec 6lal'ono;rwue rronHocrbro 3aBHCvt"tot vx npuJre)Kar{Hfl H )ICepAHr B y{eHHH. B 1960-e rr /lern, Koropbre Boc[prrbrBaJrr4cb B ceMbe co cpeAHr4M )poBrreM AocrarKa, 6luru y6ex4eHbr B cBoeM 6eso6.[aqHoM 61zlrueu. Ouo sNrle,roCb r4M 6larono,r1,"ruuu c Marepr4utrHoli roqxr.r 3pel{H.rr, qro 6H uH cJry:rr{nocb. C no.flsrreHneM TeneBHl1er'firr o6rr1ufi o6teu nep6a:rtHori rluQopl,l ar 1vr,rI KOTopyo BnHTbrBa IO'r' r'lerr.r, \,'Be.rr Hr{Htrcs, r{o Kar{ecrBo ee c'ra;Io x}DKe. B rr:tc'rrxrrrlcc Rpe}rg rilerrrr,r [peA naraercq 6orrute K oi r uqec'r 'r ] o r r r r r lr r ) l) \ r : tlIr lr r laccHBHofo x:lpaxTepa. 3'r'z cRe/lcurJl ne 1tK'lrrrlu:JrlpyK)T /IeflTeJrrrFrocTb Hx MbrcJ'rr.r,He o)KHBJrr{nr noo6pl}KcrrHe. Ectectsenu<>, iluauuli.,v Ae'fefi 6oruure, rro orrr{ roBepx-
*frf
oq6rq k.,HqKrr,"o Telt ne N{eFIee,Ia;Ke npHl{r{Mas Bo BI{HMaHI'Ie BbIMC}'I{A3AHI{bIC FICTATT{RHbICAAHHbIC, YMCTBCI{HbIC CIIO-
rloclHhl.
co6rrocrpr xnrelefi Auep n ru r poAoJDKaIo"tpacrvl C're;;;uarrwcrbl 3aMerLUIH.r{1'o mAKCAmAlbflUU pOCn noKAganeAei lQ Ebtns eil y nnoflqee. Eclu IQ lrIoHIIeB cpaBHr4Barbc reM )I(e noKa3areJleM)taTe;reti AltepuKu' To BbulcFUlercff,qro e 195I r' rloKa3areJlb)poBl{.tr uHTeJIneKra y ge'refi 1936-1944 rr. po)KreFrun 6t'ttt paBeH npngp1'tohcrpaue (Nc6nusw:renullo103 6attamvsrofi*t rroJrE3oBalrc.flTecr Bexcnepa). Ilo )rre B 1980 r. (glx LrccJreAoBauun6pa:tu Aerefi s 196l-1969 rr. polKleuun) v HaceneHarlfnorwtu )poBeHb IQ nognalcx sa I I - 12 6attJroBrro cpaBHeHnlo c )KureJItMu CUIA. noBblKpoue roro, Bo tscexcrpaHax 5es HCKJIIoqeHHS yMcrBeHHbIx uraercff Bo3pacrHoIl nopor, KoIAa ]pcBeHb cnoco6rrocrefi ntogeh Aocruf aer HauBblclrero pa3tsHTuq: 20 ter, a B Kol{ue 1980-x B Har{aireBeKauM csr4TaJrLrcb 30 ner. 6olee roro, yMcrBeI{I{bIe cnoco6rtoclu AoJIfo OCTaIOT'CS /IOCTOqIUeM r{eJIOBeKaiVx CIJAELrA\il4HAerCfl tla 3peHl4.tr HHTc,{JIeKc roqrll py6exe 60 ner. ArnrsHlte UHTenJIeKT Ao ctsoIZ ryturbHoro rralHa r:]]()nv coxpaHqnr ler. 3ro 70-80 Becblra npextloHHoro Bo3pacra Eo q'I'o lr 60 B0 roAaMe4qy B npoMerr}"rKe o6rgcrnetcq'rel{, He oTnpaKTHqecKpI MO3ra Nlr{ KJIeTKH KOpbI |OJIOB}IO|O HaBbIKLI, pe3ynbrare nprao6pereHHble MHpalor, Li B rteo6xoAl'tu:.re gtrs.)KH3HeAe.areJIbHocrH qeJroBeKa, He I4cqe3aror.
Fnasa 3. BhAbthHTEMEKTA Eclu cleAoBarb orAeJrbHbrM TeopurrM, y qeroBexa Mo)f(Ho BbrsBHTb Accrrxr4 pa3rroBnAHocreli r{rrrenrexTa. Hecroxllo BbnIBHTbro, qro He BCeoHa orr.roc.srcfl KreBoMy rroJryrnapr4ro, Kpor{e rrHx c}TqecTB}'roT Aa)r(e...MO3)Keq_ KoBbre. OAr.rH poccaricxarl uuor.olrp a.nt tit qeM nHoH MHpa co3HaBarrctr, .rro nepenpo6oBajr HecKoJrbKo BtrAoB CnopTI4RrrbIx 3anjt{fwn, rroKa Fle BbLf,Br.uI,r{To BnaAeeT rrc_ rcnK)quTerrblrbrMpr cnoco6HocrtrMnK npbDKKaM r no4,v! 3aHxrHo, .{ro a6corlorlro Kaxe1brti Hs ncex arl4x <.r4r{TeJrJreKToB'> Mo)Ker pa3BuBarbcrr caM no ce6e HesanHCHMo or K npllrr,lepy, B pe3yJrbral'e Nro)Ker rroflBu,rbc.fl xopoApy'i4x. rxo pa3Bvrufi HrrreJrneKT nprr nonr{oM Qusuqecxuri OTC)'I'CTBHHM)SbrKaJIbHOfO c/Tlxa. Hayxe 3HaKot{br cnyrawyArlBuTenbrroro JrnrlrBrrcraqecKolo raJraHTa, Hanpr.rMep eeuolrerra BpoXAeHHoft rpa_ MOTHOCTpI,npl4 IIOnI IOI\{ OTC\,rC'rBHII OCTaJtbtrt rx CnOCO6rroc--reli. Bor no.{eMy KoHrlenrlHrr MHo)KecrBeHHocrH pIHTeJrreKTz OqeFrb rlone3r{a H M9, pO4r.rreleri:. o]i{-aI\aeT IIOILf,TIT, t{TO H MCTOAI4K pA3F.I4't'I{rtrHHTeJrrIeKTa MO)KCT 6uts secxotrbKo, a rre oAHa. Kor4a r< pa6ole rroArcrrror{Hnucb y3Kr4e cncrIHaJrHCTbr, 'r'o oHH, KoHcqFro, ycrreJru ecex c6urb c ronr(y. Tenepr, ecnH BepHTt pasHoo6pa3Frbrr{ yrreHurrM, y qenoReKa Mo)K_ Ho BbrAenHTb 14[Ba (P. Kerzen), H Tpn-qelr,lpe @. Ctepa6epr, V. Cmtpuen) - Ao HecxorbKr4x Aec.qrKoB THrroB r4HTe-rureKTa...A ,UA. IbutQopa BbrAeJrLfl oxorro l2O sqon. Tarprlr o6pasou, nepBoHaqurbHo tsbLsBpI rr4 rtaJrvrqprecJIeAIZIOUIZXBHAOtsyft1TetrreKr Ai 1) nep6a.rrsHolo (peveeoro); 2) xpearusHoro (rnopvecxoro); 3) nparrr.rarr4qecKoro (npaxrrlvecxoro). BcreA 3a reM o6uapyrxrElr4 eilIe Ana ().rTleJrblrbrx BH.qa: cnoco6Hocrb K opyAHrI Hr4 :,la3ts'arrlrk KPACn A/U Ag Ap OSd ll flUml UflneA/leKnom, a cnoco6uocrr, K alraJltl3)1 - aneKyqU/W) Uflne/UeKnofil. flosgwee K Hr4M rrpncoeAurtLrrcs. coqAAihflUI AilnetfieKn.
o-t6ro ftf
Vqenr,re AaBr{o \}Ke c1enurrl pa3BLrfwr Kax(Aofo oTAenbHofo xoIHN.racBoq Me'IorxprKa.
3
sapesan'o":'l.aekt4
pacxo)u? *oqun, onttnbflacx)yn aoeerc
!:" .'.
B rracroxqee BpeMr oAHr4 aKcneprbr BbrflBr.r{rorBce HoBbreH HoBbrepa3r{oBHAHocr}rHHlenJreKTa. flpy'ze nuTalorc.rronpeAeJrnTbuail4ttne csszefi Me;KAyHHMz.{o rex nop [oKa f{e}{bre noJryqaror pe3,vnbrarbr,gauHurZ npoqecc 6yger HMerb npoAoDr(eHr4e. 14eorpKe flBnnvcb HarxeMyB3opy,qern, Koropbrx c rroMOrlbK) MeTOAOBHHTenner$yanrrHoro pa3tsljTun neAaroru B3flJ7H IA IfBb\^rWrU qTeHr{IO,Cqely, r{ArII,{TII,1paCnO3HaBarb Horbr paHbrrle, uen pe6eHoK HaqHHal xo4urr,! Poccnricxze neAarofr.r, nocJre,qoBarerrvMe'roAaB. iD.IIIaTa.EoBa,He BeAa.fiTexHoJroruri sayuHo|o TecrHpoBaHr4fl,, BbrrrlicKaro'r[peKpacHbrx MareMarHKoBn Qusuxon, xnMHKoBu reorpaQoB, a raKxe cneqHzurr4croB Ar.s pa6orn B BIB2X.
Annaparu recrzpoBa :r'vfl. 3autnaJruBanv. Tenepr MeroAaMH, c rroMorrlbro Koropbrx Mo)KHo BbrflBr4'tb lpoBeHb pa3BvrTldn T'airaHToB, MoryT BocnoJrb3oBarEC.rrH polnrernr. 9ro )/Ka)Ker, KaKHe KOppeKTr4poBKpl Heo6xognirao ilpoa3BecrH B xoAe npoqecca Bocrrtlrawr4fl nnvt o6pazoBawr4tr. llportgel BpeMT, H MHorHe cneqnanxcrbr BoBCe He cMory"I noHLlMaTb Ap)'I'Apir'z. Bunor] ToMy pa3IIHqHbIe IZCCIeAOBaHHq,KOTOpbre r.rBeA\,TK H3MerbqaHr4K) Lt /rpo6neHrrro HrrrenneKTa. Ho xax Bcefga 6sreaer, feHr{anbHbre peIrIeHLrfl Ht:r{3MeHFroaneMer{Tapsu. Moxer c'I'arbcq, lrro ellle KaKHe-HLI)r qeJl()lleliA KpOMCBCex IIpOIIIJX I4MeIOTCtT 61711 rnrcoKolpoBrreBbre, t.rl{TefpnpoBaHHbte pa3rroBr{/lHOCI'HlrHterrer.ra? B cnoe BpeMr{ cyrlecrBeFr}ro [porrcHulo o6cranoBrqr v 4ano orBerbr rr:i \rrrorlre Bonpocbr oqepeAlroe o6uapoAoBar-rue Rllnlri telorqkrx v3 pr{Aa noH Qaxrou. O Hnx ncuxo"rl()l' rI r rorrcNr\'-ToHe oqeHb no6*ll' roBoplrrb.
Tax, eclu BAp),T vr{eHbre (aln o6trxHoBeHHbre nroAu) orbrcKZBaK)T oqepeAHor.o pe6euKa, Koropbrri eocnulsrBurcfl., HanpraMep, co6axarr*t, y nogo6uoro pe6eHra (
Tenept florrBJlflelcrrraxoti Bonpoc:a .rro, ecJlr.r BMecroco_ 6axu uttu Me/IBer'IrBoc[H'raHneu pe6errrca 6v4er 3alnl., Marbcr{ r{eroBex - .tanaHTJrlrerrfi ne4aror. -i I-la cef onHflrrr_ uari 4eut MHorurenepeAoBblencuxc)roru He orBeptaror, a, H:lrrporun, npH:luaor,, r{To o6uryro olapeHrlocrb Mo)K_ Ho Ha3Rarboco6uu Br{Ao}rvMc'rBerrrrbxcnocodlrocleri. Ec.nu po4r,rreJlr{ rte Hc[oJrb3]/rol ocodr,re MeroIHKr.r Ans Qopullpon aHVALrrrv pa3lvt^tvtflT,aJraHTtrHBocrH IIO 2- 3 nq, To, Bepo.flTuo,'raKoIZ pe6erron r{HKOfAarre cN{ox{erclal.b TaraHTlrLlBsrira. FIy, 2'ecJr6cn\ rHTCrrTZK,r11.gna.qeleHrrtrri TanauroM peCteHox6r.'AeroSuarsc.s BAe.rca/Iyr4.rrl{rrrroJre CO
AirolrrltorrororopKvcrCren nooediuecn,on noeo a fla6epewecnt A arrt.r.lrantenJreKti,-aJlr{3r\t - tseil{b eqe 6o.uee nplrJrHrrr{r.IRa_fi r{e}I Hr{1'eJ.r.[eKT' T.IJIH OAHeTIHOCTb. IJr,rxoA caMo_ , El
EE
LA Tl
oaar
r;:lPeRclt-tnel4e',
karrqKot{(l o\ieBHAeH: nycrarl ) {u'feJrb 6ylet'3aypflAHbrM, Ho, BJIaAe-fl MeTOAHKaMIi r.IF{TeI{CHBHOTOpa3BI,{"lLIfl,,OH BIIOJIHe CnOco6err cAenarb pe6eura ratrar{tlrrrl.blM I4JILI, KaK MHHI4MyM, rroAH.rrrb ypoBerrb 3TorZ TTUIaHTJII{BoCrI4. Hec.racne cocroprr R ToM, t{To Bo MHofHx AercKHx caAAx H rrrKonax Hacl'aBrruKH r-1 ilpenoAaBaTent4 ilpHTllop-glorc.g, r{To TaKoro nolg,sr'fr4g,IiaKuHTeJIJIext, noo6lqe ue cyulecrnyer! O6regrrHuB npou,eccbr KopMneHHs pe6eHxa u o6yleHr4q qreHHK) B TexFloJloraro <.KoplueqreHl{er, TeM caMbllv{ BocnHTarrLlfl. rr o6pasorarrr4tr. lron) {HrvI o6reguHeuue TaruuoSpa3oM, HafrHn 4ereIZ qr4Tarb 14 rron3arb oIIHOBpeMerfHo, ilo.flBHracb Bo3MoxHocTb rlepeMecTvTb nepnuri xlacc Ha rleJrr,rx 7 ter - Ha ?'ran paHrlero pa3Bltrr4s.. Beccnopuo ro, r{To, 3anuuatrcb pa3BH'rHeM HHTeJIJIeKTa, Boc[]l'rare nv v p o AlaTe.IHco3Aaror npovHt tti QyrtlaueHr' g,ux 6y4yrqero o6pasonanul.
ilAyKerc9ecnflo f20 cu' Kaxpe 6ruro cKa3aHotsr,rrue, ToJrbKo re doe unnerueKna.Baror'rKHr{reMbrpaccMo'r'puM u3 }{r4){, KOTOpbre qaule Bcefo BcTper{aIoTCtI B uoBceAHeBBo3rrorZ xugupr. Dro raxue, xax Qu:zuecxzfi LIHTeIIJIeKT, q!tscrBerrrrnrui, pactHoli, TBopr{ecxr.Iit, cocexcyart'uutl, tquartuntit, JrLrrrHocf'HbrIi, 4yxonuul'i. 1axxle s aloll rJIaBe Bbr cMo)Kele HahTV r4rpbr lr ynparKHelrH-a no rpeHupoBxe I{HTCJIJICKTA.
Paccuolpnu x:txAsrrZH3 nepequcJlerlHblx BlrAoBLIFIrrogpo6uee. TeJrJreKTa
ilHTEAEKT 3.r. (PX3lrqECKUff @zgia.{ecxnir uttrennerT Tarc(e Ha3brBalor ne gcilUm lnilA/leilUem. ?mo pafioma ,,uo7a4ozoKo)tueKca, no7 tlonmVo.4(.,44 Kpfitopozoru4o}umc.-rt,,tpfa:tfu;uzecgu 0e* ffie./tbHotinb.'u buewu:ut,u hngmpenwut 1ft}
_*rrrfna " A.
Hanpacrro rvrHorr4ccr{H,r.aror, vro Q'rsuvecKoe aouan}G rrreHcrBo neo6xo4auo roJrbKo reM rrroArr,r,Koropbre cB.rr_ 3aJIH CBOIO )tiH3Hb
CIO CnOpTOM
r4ltr4 C"I.ALU aK,repaMH.
A lrexc4y rel,r nroAr4,y Koropbrx xopoIrro pa3Br4Torenec_ Hoe Nrbrrrrelrue, o6 nagaror sanu4uort rp aquerl. xopoureli KOopArlHauHeI-rABuxesprs. OHtz c JrcrKocrbro 6epyrcx :a pa6orl', npr{ rlbrnoJrHeHrrr4r.ioroport ueo6xogul.r ilocraToqHo eF,rcolcr{ fi )poBer rb pa3Br"tufl @u:lruec roro HFrreJr _ JreKTa. llpexpacHo pa3BHTbrM )poBHeM eNanvecxoro r,rH_ TeJrJreKTaMoryT rroxBacrarbcfi ar{Tep D;Xgn Mep@u, TeFrHacHCTraMaprnH a Hanpatwnoza. Xopourefi Qu:nvecxofi eopuofi Aon)$rbr o6nagaru xar oQucubre, TaK Lr noproBbre pa6ovze. llpe4cranure_ JrrM MHo)KecrBanporpeccnl,i rpe6vercn Lrarrqvre Bbrr{oc_ JrrrBoc^tv,ueo6xo,ilul,ra noBKocrb, xopo[Iafl MbuxeqHajr KoopAr{Harlrax. lonollHo BbrcoKnri yponeus pa3BurLrfl r4HTeJr.texra oco6esuo Heo6xo/Ir.rMTeM Qasavecxoro JrloAqM,Koropbre nat6putu npoeeccnro: 1) neuqa, apr;zrcTa,DcTpaAr,roroKoMHKa; 2) pa5overo, roBenr4pa, cner\rn.dJr Hcra rro o6cl)rycranarrurc KOMnbroTepoR; 3) nogonpoBoAqaKa,LrexaHr{Ka. rrJrorHuKa; 4) lrrcnur
7) ranrlopa, r'aHrIopa6ate,ra, Macrepa 6oestlx HCKyccrB; B) cxyuurrropa, xyAoxrHHKa-MoHyMeHTaJrHCTa; 9) noenHoro, ro)Kapr{oro; 'pbr,c aHur apa; 10)xvtpypra, MeAce(--f 11)uarlpa;u4cra, Berep l,z,Hapa, Apeccapotsu1lrKa; 12)apxeonclfa, aHTponoJrofa. Tenepr non po6.velr oqeHHTb )poBeHb pa3Burufl Barrrero cpuszvecxor-o r4HTeJrneKTa (aorop lsxefin Cnfrn)
Onncarrne Ertcrpee Hayr{r.rrecb qelrv-lpt6o, ecJr{ caMu /icl)^ B p)'Kax HHcrpvMeHT l'r.Jrrtnpn6op r! rrr)rb qro-To cAenarb caMocroflTerbHo. qeM BTOM Cnya{ae,KorAa BaMH KTO-TOp}XOBOAHT
Bnr qactrtfi noceruTeJlb cnopr3aJloB, peryJIff ylpDKHeBbrno.rrHfle'I'e KoMUIeKc Queuvecxux ttuil
Bsrxogusre npoBoAr4TeHa npzpoAe Barr npucyur
np:z3HaKt4ranepaKTuBr{ocrt I
flocro.snuo nonaraerect Ha co6crBeHH)'Io HHT)'IIqUIO, KOTOPAJI BEACT BAC K BCPHbIM PEITCnOCneA}i,VTAM H OXpaHqeT OT HOKe,{aTeJIbHbIx
Mox(eTe
erKo
cbIMHTI4pOBaTb
ABI'DKeHAfl vI M -
BpeMrr BbrxoAHbrx utpae-re
B pa3rHqH
[opTr4Br{brer4rpbr Moxere iloxBarraTbcx @zsuvecxoli rpatryteh 14llaJrr4sveMxopono p aznur ott KoopAZHarIHt{
Hepy o6rqeHa.f, oKpPKaIouIl{x Eecnoxopttecr,, ecnl4 HaxoAHTec b B 6e3AeIicrBI4 krrrr4ecrwr BbIfIOJIHqeTeoAHOO6pa3HbIe ABr'DKeHng npoQeccHH
BbI xl4pypr, I4IIU ruIoTHvtK, r4Irv
u\Llr.l vllrvt HHX(eHep-MeXaI{uK
flolyraere )ZoBonbcrBue or pa6orrl E|caAy, peMoHTFIslxpa6or rto AoMy,or 6naBbrrroJrHeHtz-s roycrporzcrBa 3aAHeroABoPa MorpHTe nepeAaqn
ra6e.rmHtx
cnoprzBHbl
a TaK}KeorAaere npeAnoqTeHHeq)[{rypKaF{aJroB, rroMY KaraH?IIo illu Qp6oJIbHoMy Marq,v,Hexeu 6paauv'cKoMy renec eqt"rany v4er4 npwrrrrlu K BaM B foJIoBy Bce saulr rf{Iuue gtt 6rrltl Ha npolvnKe, coKor.qa MOMeH'I" B TOT npo6exrv, 3ar'rMantrcb npllforoBJleBeprxanu FIHCM IIHIIIH
llpu
o6uleHHLI c oKppKaoqHNII4
)I(ecrHhTrI4
pyere O6ox:rc'r'c prt3brl'pblBart 4pvsen u 3HaKoMbIx
Oqenra pe3ylbraroB, 1-4 - naur Qn:nu ecxuk HHTeJrJreKT, K co)KajreHr4roHeAOpa3BHT. -5-8 - eqe rre Bce rrorepfirro: flpocro BaureMy eusuqecloyy HHTcnJreKry Heo6xo4rma xoporxaJ{ tscrpscKa. ,- 15 - ypoBeHb pa3BnTr4trBalrefo errsnvccxoro HHTeJIJI CKT:IBblI Ue Cpe/ll IefO. 14'16 - no3ApaBJrr{eM,Bbr o6tagaeretsbrcoKuM ypoBHeM pa3Bprrlra QtuslrvecKoro r4r{TenneKra. lloqlrr BCe npol'paMMbr, rIanpaBneHHr,re Ha rroBbrrrreHHe vponHtr pa3Br4'tLrtryMc't'Berrubrx cl
o{6r-q *
$opeuzartro"oo"k\*
ru,.qrdtso 'raro'r,vro QneavecKoe 14Hr.rrenner{T.vaJrblroe - 3T'o rorrr"tLrg.Hecc)nMecraMbre.llprlirxro cqr4'r'at, qro B ocHoBHOM c^IIOpTCMeHbIrle MOIyI' nOxBaCl'aTbCrI )rrrcTlteHr.rbltr{H cnoco6Hoc'f trNrLr,TaI..)Ke KaK H IlbrcoKOLrHTetI/IerffyaJIr,HbIe nKrya - Qraszvectrt;r"r cr.uropi. Ho 6brsarcT curyaL\r4z, KorAa T'eno qeJroBexa ..coo6pa)Kagr> 6r,rcrpee, r{eM cfo co3ria}rple. / uawezo lne,ta rnollce ecfiIb na,l4gfttb, u oHo moJ/ce 'trosceln npuHu,44afib 1ocmamoztto cepbelHue pcau-
Hu,.
\
<=fx,
llclrxolora KlrHHLrKH Mayrr:r 3aoH e Can-(DpaHrIHCKo Bbrtrcrrnlrvl r{'ro co3HaHHo qenoBexa ueo6xogrrMo npu_ 6nnsuren Ho 0,4 c p\lfi r'oro, qro6u saeurcapoBat'b HoBoe.flBreHae. 'Iorlla KaK,reJro x,rolKer Aarb or{eHr(y cnoxusruerzcs clrryar\vw, npocquTa'r.b .r'paercropul,rri ny'r H cKopocrb oTBerr{ol1 peaKrlHr.r, Ha Bce 3To 3aTpar{prRaq MeHee 0, 1 c. Taxlrl. o6pasolr, Te.rtonpopear.Hp\,'er Ha 0,3 c
6ucrpee.
Ectu ypctnrb AoJDKHoe BFTHMaHHe pa3BuTr.rn@asuvecxoro LtH'I'enneKTa, To Mo)r${o o6pecrvr I{eKoropbre cilo_ co6rloctpr. 1.Crroco6rrocrt 6ucrpo opr.reHTzpoBarbcrRHerrpeABHAeHHbIXCll'IyaIII4.[x:B STOMrrOMOir(eT Brr],TpeHrreerryTbeoAFrar43Qopu rrpo.rrureHurr<My/{pocrr4,> HarrreforeJra. 2. 6es oco6ux 3HepreruqecKux garpar )tserr.rqaTb npoAlr$r4BHocrb csoelZ Ae.rrrenbHocrn. 3. Cnoco6r{ocrb K oBnaAerrr4ro en:uvecnaMa HaBbrKaMH,npur{eM rtoqrn He coBeprxaqoruu6or. 4. BtrHoc.naBoctb n cnoco6nocrr, pa6orarb AoJrbrxe, 6es oco6rrx nol'epb neperrecru crpeccoRvro cHTyaqHK) Hnrr KaKoe-ro ga6oresaHlae. 5. C ro,rrou HcnoJlb3oBarbrr3brKTeJIa.
3.2. TIYBCTBEHHbTI{ 1IHTEMEKT llo4 vyncrBer{Hr,rM (ano qNoH alsrrtrn) p*rreJrner_ TOM norrrl\,raxlf ofipeAeneHrryTocnoco6nocrb qeJ.roBera ROC[pr{r r llMa't't, co6cTselrHbre
q\,tBCTBa pr oTIilrHKaTbc_[ Ha
qytsclBaApyrr4x lngefi.9ro6u 6r,rrt ua Bbrcore,seo6xo,4HN,ropa3BnBarb e ce6e caMoco3HaHae,BocnpvlrMtlLtBOCTb, y-MeTb ),TIpaBJrgTb 3r\{orlt4.rlMr4 v HaJIA}KHBaTb IIO3HTI4BHbIC OTHOilIEHPI'.
flo crorarr Eprcca Kpafrepa, Br,ruenepeqprcreHHbre rraBbrKu<....Aaror nrlAqM 6oltuiyrct rrr4r{Hyrov npoQecciaoHlurbHyro lu6xoct, )KH3HeFTHO BalKH1'to/Inrr npeo/{oneHutr krrrv npeAorBpail\eHwtr rpyAHocrelZ n nepuoA crpeMI4TeJIbHbrX ilepeMeH).
.; { !."""
llouemyxe ouaehepequceflilurcilasbtKa naK eaxfl,t?
t. Ocogaanue. Ora cnoco6Hocru noMoraer rrenoBeKy sairru KoHTaKr npelKge Bcero c caMHM co6ofi. Bcerga Ba)KHO 3HaTb, KaKHe r{}'UCTBa BLI HCfIbITbIBaeTe, MOMCI{T U KAK ilOHHMATb 3TI,I qYBCTBA.
S XaXOfi
z. lnpacaeaueerroguf,lytu.Vuerruelmpatsrr{TbsMorru.q-
Mr4 noMo)Ker 3aroA-s 3Harb, KaKHM o6paaou qe.rloBeK orpeafupyer Ha KaKHe-tu6o co6r,rrut, H rpe/I\rrpe,r{H'rr) HeraruBrrbre nocJre/dcreuq.C rroMoulbro 3'roro HaBbrKa MOXHO AOCTHqbCaMOfOArIa 3MOqHOHaJIbHO|OHCTOr{HZKa: r{Mer{Ho SMorIr4H Cna6xaor qeJIoBeKa pa3nzqHbrMr4 MOTHBaL(HSMH, C nOMOIIIbIOKOTOpLIXqenOBeK npeoAoneBaeT TeMr{bre fronocbr x(H3H}r.
nb, llo4 srnu HaBbrKoM rroApa3vMe3. Eocnpaumquaoc BaeTc.[ yMeH]4e BHr4ivrareJlbllo H c rloBbrrxer{rrofi vyrKOCTbTOOTHOCrrTbCrrK SMOrIHOHanbHoMy cocTorHHrc) 14r{\tscTBoBaTb H2CTpOeHLreOKppKarOrrIHX.
4. lfoeunaeilule $aarrooniloweilux, Ecr.u r{eroBeK pacrroJrafaer erori cnoco6uocrbro,To oH BnpaBepaccquTbrBarb Ha ro, qro efo KoJrJrefr{ t4JrHrrpoc"ro sHaxoulre 6vecnor4uHa"rb o rreM. IlogprrueHsre qltscrBa ilyr c renrlololi noMorlT npeoAoneTb q),TraMH Mei(Jrlrr{HocTHbrx oTHoruenxri. Te ltrogu, Koropble pa6otalu rr2.r{rr{)nr,lrrcnltcM -ypoRHr{ CBOefO SMOIIHOI{aJIF,HO|OI4HTeJItIeKl'a,M()l'\"f )KHTb B cottracuu w Haxo4r4Tr, o6nlxir r3brK c oKpp(arcuIHMH. Vlx csurator rrpe\'cneBarorrplMx B )I(H3HH, a o:nLr, R cBoro
o-tanq *
'o.Peau*''o"o."*aKF
ku*srrcLrtso OqepeAb,BCefAanOna|aK)TC_rI Ha TaK r{a3brBaeMlli nH\ztpeHuufi roJroc.Taxue nronv craparorc.fl pa3BuBarr,s ce6e crreA)'prqH e nO3An UOHUe 0il0 (A0: 1) cnoxoliHoe cocronHue; 2) nlto6neuHoct; 3) conepexLrBaHne; 4) gluesHr,uZ nog'teu. H s ro ;xe BpeM.rroHH He Aaror BonH TaKHMileeAnASil Un np on 6lQtl ttJltil, rcax: 1) apocrl: 2) genpeccHBHoecocro.rrHHe; 3) sroqeurpH3rvr. Tau, r7e npHC\TCTBVeTMexJrr4rrHoc.r'Hoe o6u1eHze, JrK)AH,V KOTOpbrx BrrrcoK ypoBeHb SMOqHOHaJTbHO|O MbrrxJreHri_f, , BCer/Iar,a/gqy^t6attauc Mex(4yHerrogenbHbrM BbrpDr(eHHeMSMOUHOFraJrblrofo rlacTporl.H IIOr{TeFrr4eM, npau]rrraMu o"tvKeTaH ocMoTpr.rTe/rbHocTbro. 9vncrseHHblz HHTerureKT rltr4s.er Ha BCeac[eKTbr Me)KnuqHocrHbrx orHolxeuwft. Ecnu Bbr FraneerecbB3qrb ol )KII3HH BCe, a )pOReI{b BaIIIeIO qVBCTI:]eHI{O|OHHTeJIJTeKTa oqeHb rrtr3oK, Bbr noJrF{Hre Tarori )Ke pe3}'rbrar, KaK ecla 6u vnpaBrrqnu napvcHzxoM nportrB HanpaBJreHrzs BeTpa. I-lcnxolorlr BbrBen]r HecKonbKo_eopu1,n, Koropbre noMoryT Aocrar{b emoqAoflAnbilOeo htdZOilOAlIAf: 1) rreo6xo4r4Mo nogep)KuBarb Kor{TaKTc rrr,rqHbrMurr},tscrBaMr,t. /fnx eroro HpKHo npocro 3ar{ocuTr, npnrrreArrrne B ro.TroBy MbrctrH s KaKoft-rr46o xqpHa;1, [par{eM I\eilarb aro r{aAo KDKAbTTZ AeHb. 2) ecnu Bbr c aHry3r4a3MoM Bo3bMerecb :a,rn6oe AeJro.To crracere ce6s or 6ecnoxol:icrBa pr \ToM Jre:g.:grs.. 3) .{ro6sl He o6lrauwbcfl B r{\rlcrBax. Koropbre crorr 3a Bbrpax(eHHfl,MH 14 netrHutrMLl oKpyxarcqHx, H\DKHO nocroqHrro 3a1atsarbce6e nonpoc no raxori npurruHe oxp),?Karoque Be/ry"Tce6.s uuesrro raK, a He lrHaqe.
9ro6u or\eHrrb yposeil$ pAse0nLfl qyscnseilfloeo Ailne AeKnA,o6paralrcx K.recry,noropsrfi 6unpaspa6orau r.{3 BecTH brMncfi xono f orrrus Asnrrzu flj/dreftlH cr artu. B crpoxe rranporrzBorrucaHr4n, Koropoe, KaKBbIcr{aTaelc, Mo)rflro o'rHecru K BaM. nocraBbr.e I 6atn.
Ouncarrre Bsl oqeHt
Bocnpr4aMqusatir
r{eJroBeK, roropuli
)iraAbrBaer HacrpoeHze Ap}THx nroAen rlo MHOTHM
HC3AMCTHbIM
NONCKA3KAM
Bac lroxuo orHecrr,r K TaKr4MnroAqM,y Koropbrx KpPKaroqr4eBcefAa cnparxr4BaroTcoBeTa Bau Hpanurcfl, vrparr, a 6pa4xc, n nolerZ6on blrle, qeM 3auvrMarbcq 6eroM Llrrrr.lraBalnveM e. fpvTlnoBEre BHAbrcnopTa Bbr npeAflor{ HOqI{bIM
Bu repnzlro orHocprrect x orua6KaM H cna6sw Kar{ecTBaM Ap}rrI4XIIOAerz Br,r ue crecr{rerect o6parurrcr K oKp),)KarouaM
3a noAgepxxoli
Bsr cnoco6HbrcoxpaHqrb xrrzgHoKpoBue,nocrosHHo KoHTpoJrr{pyerecnol.r4elicrnr.{rr H rrocr]mKu He orxaxerecb Hayr{HTb r{eMy-Hr.i6y4s xo t{3 oKpPKa}oqr4x MsorHe cr{HTaror Bac nHAepoM H HenroxuM
no-
BacpeAKo6unaer ruoxoe HacrpoeHae acro cJTvrraerc-s raK, qro Bo BpeMq o6rqeuzn xen-lv6o BaM B roJIoBy rrpuxo4rlT orJrzrrHbre
He oqyqaere 4lrcnolrQopra, KOrAaBoKpyr 6olt,IXOC KOIHI{CCTBO
HC3HAKOMbIX
IIO,IIEIH
C vAosorlcTBneM yr{acTByeTe n pa6oT'e lo5p1rBoJrbHbrx opr'arrnarJrzli, xoropbre floMoraror
s:.;lPerzu}{rY)el.4er-. ^ & -o.1tyafa-
oq6ro
x
ruHqgcrFd
Onucarrrle
6arurrr
Ee: crecneHu.g npo.f,BJnrerecBorz r{vBCTBano orHorrrelrnro K B3pocnbrM npe4craBLilerlM o6oux NOJIOB
Paaperuaerece6e rporBrqrb orpeleneHHbre rryBCTBA TI. NOKA3bIBATb
3MOLIHA
I4cnrrtolsaere o6lerr{eHve, KorAa noflBprJracb Bo3Molcrocrb BbrcKa3arbcfl , oceo6o4unmzcb reM caMbrM o"f HeraTt4Ba
Pegro ql'nclByere pa3ApDKeHr{e,KorAa cm,rlrprr( TOqK)' 3peHtl-fl , OTII4qFT\,TO Or sameli
O6paqaele BHVMaHHe Ha cBoH q)tscrBa Bo BpeMfl npHHqrua peureulrri Brr 6r,lrz
nofl)'nflpHofi
nuquocrr,ro
B rrrKotre,
r'puurrv,uru f{acrpre n pa6ore cry/xcoBeroB ff e.[serecb qeHHbrM rrJIeHoM KoMaH.rIbr BaM pr:secrHr,r q'tscrBa Ap).r.r4x r{JreHoB fpFrrbr, Aa){(eTudaTenbHo HMH CKpbrBael{bre
B pe4xux cnf{ar{x noBTop.sere nporxnbre ourn6xrz Ban pegro 3aBuAlror H TaKx(e peAKo penHyror
I4r.or*t
3Mordr4oHa.rrbHo3aMnHylbr, qyBcTtsyere onpegeleurrlrfi gacxol.rQopr, KofAa ocl'aerecb :rrae1;zlaeco cBoHMH nepexlrRilHr,rrMH H nepelKHBaHLT Mu ApyfHx. 6-72 - nnoxnb c yBepeHr{ocrbx) cKa3arb, qro BaM r{eBeAOMo r{vBCTBoHeFraBr4crH x ce6e. Bac oxpyxaror/lpy3bfl r,r Kon'nern. tscx 6e4a B ToM, qro HeyAaq:z,"r,trlryr Bac KHr.r3y, lz noroN,ry Bbr q)tscrByere ce6q Hecr{acrHbrtnt. LI s rrrxone, nua cnlox6e noryJrflpHoc,rbro Bbr He no,rrb3oBaJruct. Balr r4HOrAa KDKeTC-rI,r{To To, qTo npeAHa3Haqanocb l\nn Bac, rroJr),qaror Apyrae. Bcpox,ruo, saM Heo6xo.qHMo BoccraHoBH'r'b paBHoBecue MeXAy co6crser*rbrMr.r oMorltatrNrLl 14o'I'HOIIIerrHeM OKp\,)KaroIrIHX. /3-18 - uut.,reixo Haxo/lr{Te o6w,trir q3brK c co6or1 H OKpIA(aTOIqLTMH,IIOJTT{bIOfrTHMH3Ma, a necc}IMpr3M BaM r{,\,)KA. Ho sce )Ke Moxere noporl <:apa3Lfibcr,> Aenpeccuei\. A B UenoM )poBerrb Banrero q)'BCTBeHrrofo r4HTen"IICKTATOBOJIbI]OBbICOK. l9-22 - Bac r,ro)KHo ctrzTa,r.bypaBHoBerrrenHoli nz.rHocrbro c o [peAeJreHnoli go neir xapr43Mbr. Orplararo ulue cqnTal
lyecnceaaui uilnelueKn Aep)KL{rrroA KoHrporreM sMoltuoJ{anb}{yrc cQepy qeroBeKa.?moquu fls npncn
OASOUOAtl AU.lilOAXA3flA: Mbr Bocxrurrr{aeMctr oceHHHMr4 H rerr-rl4Ma neftzaxampt 6,rarocr.noHHocrbro 6;ra3Knx, rtac 6ecnoKotrr l{erarr4BFroeorHorueHue co cr.opoHbr oKppraroqax. Begl HMeHHo Morvr.ar\Hr4 alparor ponb sMorlproHaltbHoro 3 pflg.a, xoloptui 3acraBnser ,rrogefi oropBarbcrr or cr),ra r4 BblronHutt neo6xo4auue 4er1C1'BH-'I.
/-S - Baur q)tscrBessufi r4HTenJreKTyMerrbrrlnnc.s Ao pa3MepoB roporxul{br. C4aercl, r{To He oqeHb-To slr ce6q nto6ytre. Boguoxno, y Bac HMeerc-s HerarHBnoe orHolxeur4e K )KH3HH.Ha sac rrJroxo gefic'rer,tor crpeccoBbre cHryil\rrv. Ralr rrc xllaraer 6nvtzt<wx4py:eir H eAuHoMbrrrrrelrrrur{on na pa6ore. EcrE, BepoflTrrocrb rofo, rrro B[,r
o
^/-tr 1J Srttoauu)tozt/m nopo4umt ucftle,Jacnlr&umt gimu - ' 6 ffievb n?u zrofiod gzpose uS(ne. ()uu .mt no/t/o-
x ,,
s.lpeuzuHr"e14e+4
o'tAro kuHqruHo Bt,tcoxopasnlt'r;rrl )poBel Ib qYBCTBcHIlofo I'lHTeJIleKTa ;tto6ofi pa6orlr. Ha cl\x6e noMox(e'r' B Bblnorllenltn o'rHolrlerIOAqep)KVBa'rb xopo[Iue BCerAa treo6xollulro HHfl. C COCIy;KUBUZI'r'LILI Haqa-[LCTBOn. Heo6xo4nMo IIOCTOflHHO TIOBLIIilaTbypolleHb r{\'BCTBeHHO|OI.IHTeJIneKTa nroilsM cne/{}roulax npoQeccl'tfr : I ) 1^iurenaM, It,vparopaM, KotIcvtIbr2HTZM; 2) nottu'rwxar{, rcppICTaM,r{I{HHCTpaM; 3) ncuxo;toraM, coIIhaJIbHt IM pa(rolr turau; Topfotsbln{ pa6orHarana' cnequa4) uapreroJloraM, Ju4craM no o6uecrBeHFlbIM cBfl3t{M; 5) nocpe4HHKaM; 6) cenperap.xM H cnequaJll4craM no pa6o're c KTLIeTITaNIH; 7 ) alryruuucrparnBHblna pa6oruHralr. flepevucleHHble HI4x(e cnoco6socrH, B ocHoBe Korot{yBcrBeFlHbuz HHTenreKT. pbrx ironrrT llblcoKopa3srlruri noMor'!'T noAflfiTbc.s BaNIHa BepIxHrI,v ycilexa: 1) crroco6Hocrt pae6uparbcs B ToM, qlo orqylllalor oKpv)KarorrlHe B ToT MOMeFIT,KOrAa UAeT /'lenoBoe coBeulaltne. KorAa BbI 3HaKoMLITecbc xeu-lu6o, Kof/la ccrlefiHas ccopa B ronrloM pa3fape. 2) cnoco6uocrl4 HaxoAutru o6ts\wii fl3blK c JIK)AbNIH.Kolopble Bac oKplDKaloT ua Aattul,ttl MoMeIIT: r{acTHI4KaMH KOMaHllbl, c ocryx(H Br\aMV, HAqATbCTBOM,TeXI{Hqe cKLrMnepcoHaJloM, IUHeHTaMH. nocTaBrqHKaMV V np. 3) cnoco6uocrb crarb reM qenoBeKoM, KoropoMy caMnaTr43LIp\TOT OKpP{€rcIrIVe w cTapaK)Tcfl oKa3a'I'b noMOUIb tsAOCTHX(eI{HH)KenaeMofo. H IIenpHH,\?fiAerIrouQopr oulytqarl 4) cnoco6uocrb Hocrb nplz o6rqetrl4u c oKppKaIoilIHIIIt: 14c He3HaKoMrIeM, rytI-sK)uII4MB OAHIIOqecTBe,14 Ha MHoforIoAFIOIl Beqepr.{HKe,fAe Mox(Ho BcrperuTb nlo/dez H3 pa3Hblx corlHaJIbI{bIX CJIOeB. 5) Cnoco5Hoc'rb 3allarb rIo3I4uHIo JII{Aepa nacrofi'ruso LTATlaK IIaMeqeFIHolZ qe:tu, ofIHp2.rICl Ha no4*1ep)KI{V nto4eit, Koropble xoA.ar PflAoM. 6) Cnoco6r{ocrb Bbrcry[arb B porur rperetZcxoro c)rl{bl{, .{r'o6r'r ycrpaHlll'b pa3Hornacl4t MexAV cocJI)'}K}rBIIaMCIUaIOT3aKOHqHTb3aAaMH, KoTopr,lc (pasHouacvl) l I HCt r \ ( " 1' lllt o tu e H H r,tictp o x .
7) cnoco6Hocrb olruparbct Ha 3MoIII{H LI AoBepq'rb. or HerarLIBHr,IX 3MoB) cnoco6Hocrb ocBo6oxgarrcx r IHft : rHe Ba H 3aBvc"l v, peBIrocTH v oTsa[rilltr. 9) cnoco6socrb BcefAa ltblrnflAerl co6panHL'IM 14Henono;re6nlrrrr{, KorAa rle }"TBepAHJIHIlauy re}Iy ucctleAosauuiq KoIAa nau coo6rqunw o6 yBonbHeHI4H; 10)cnoco6nocrb ocraBarbc-fl x.iIaAHoKpoBHbIM s nro6ofi cllrya\w. 11)cnoco6uocrb K nocro.sHHofi pa6ore HaA cBoHMV op[aHV3A\UOHHbIMI4, JIHAepCKHMI4H KOIIIMyHZKaTI{BHbIMH HABbIKAMI4.
Xuene /noxilo ttaaoanbcsoeodpasilumpaccadflanom qy8cn6, /zenue rnSu4anm ttplei
rca)tu'lru 3'47ouuoHa"4b \
utiltu zcu&omau",l7u).
flo r,repe cBoero pa3rr'rLrfl.3BepH crauoBrl'nvcb co BpeMeHeM sce 6oree aMoIIHoHarbHbIMI'I: KpbIcbI Mory"r q)tscrBoBarb 6ossrrt, r{el'o-To, co6axrl - rro6ost, 14peBHocrb. Mnorlle cql.rralor, qro c roAaMI,I qer{oBeK craHoBnTc.f, r'Ieuee nos6yAHMbIM. Ha cauolr.rIeJIe 3To r{e coBceM TaK' PoMarrrn.{ecKue q}tscrBa Bo3HHKaIor Ha ocHoRe poMaHTHqecKHX orrlolilerrIzli. Eols 14pa34pur<eHl4e MbI HCH npoqux IrenpHtITnbrrbrBaeM nocre roHQlurroB uocreli. Aaxe ApyxecKue Il3auMoorHo[IeHI'Lfl Mor]T cnpoBorlllpoBaTb npoTI.lROpeqI{RbIe qyBcTBa - oT yAoRJrelBopel{Hocrn Ao pa3/Ipa;reHa.s. MrtotnM H?Iqero FIe clorir llnacrb B Aerrpecculo, ecJIH BApF 6snw HapvlxeHbl ero fIIaFIbI. cql'ITaercfl, qro pa6ovee Mecro He Tpa4nqnouHo rrpeAHa3HaqeHo Anfl nposBneHl4r 3MoIIHil, xorq HMeHtIo ts 3TOM Mec'fe peualoTcs Borrpocbl o pocTe Kapbepbl HnI4 ee 3aKare, o eceo6qeM )tsax(eHl1r4 Lrlrl4 HeuaBvt'c'll4 14 3aBLtc"tLrco cropoHbl Korren Tant xe orbllllerc,a MecreqKo H /I-Itq IOCTO.IHHO|
O SMOIIHOHaILI
I() l'( ) C'l'pCCCa' KOTOpbII{
rlo3HuKaer rrpu TDKenofi Pa6ole. 9ro6u rf{rtle rloFltli\{arb oKp\}Karr)lql I X, I l cotlxo4nuo: 1) vyncrnoBarb SMoIllroHa,'IbHbIfi uacrpol:l oKp)')KaIoIIII{X:
s^peo..,*.r'o.onn*rory$r*
ar
"-tarq
u
rurrqKtlHo
?\ BHHKarb B TOt{Ky 3perll4-s Ap}THX,'{to6bI
c ycnexoM 3a-
BeplrHTb HaqaToe; 3) ,qoraaltsarbcxl no xarofi npHr{HHe KTo-To I43 oKp\DKa}oII acrpoeHl4 H. nIHx HaxoA HTcs. B nrloxoM (xopomelt) Y ro6oro qeroBeKa exeAHeBHo nponcxoAqr KoHTaKHr{x v qeJIoBeKa Tbr c oKppKaIoIIIHMI4 nlo,4bMn. llocle ocTaloTcg KaK rro3I4TprBHbIe, TAI{.V HeraTI'rBHbIe q,\,tscrBa. ro oH: F.cnu K0lllttAKn 3AKAilqU6Aencf, n60nA6fl0, 1) poxgaergo6po; 2) cogeftctByer B nonfreHHr'I Tofo, qro 3a[naHr{poBaHo; 3) y6wpaer HanpfftceHue; 4) zacravnfler oKp)DKaIo[Irtx oKa3arb rIoMoIIIb B BbIrIorHeHIj'Ij 3aAyMar{I{ofo; 5 ) xnrlrerclr 3'aJIoroM 4rt ureJlbHblx orHolileHll u ; 6) c noco6crB)'er )4(peuIeI{HIo ApyxecKux orH oruen uti; 7) no4crpaxoBblBaer Bac B KpHTI4qecKux cvlTyar\r4flx. B ron crly{ae, Kor.4a KOilnAKn SAKAflqAeAenCfl ileeAnAello, Cr) {aercs CJleA}rorlee: 1) noxuxrorc.s ilroxne HaMepeHn.fl v arpeccuBFlocrb; 2) nt; rraBpsA.rrz o6pe'rere ro, t{To \<enann; 3) onppxarcur4M craHoBvrTcfl rlry6ono 6espasnuuFlo ro, qero BbI xoTpITe locrHr{b; 4) ne cxrra/IbrBaolcfl B3aHMoomIoIxeHI{q; 5) paspyeuau'cs 6lnexne orHorleHnq; 6) oxp1erarcilIr4e orKa3blBaor Il noAgepxKe Il rpl'4r{ble M14rrylbr.
Yxe 6oruure BeKarE4errroneMuKao roM, rro rrfrurprfi IwlDKr{HHa HtrH )KeHrIIusa.Hu gltr Kofo He ceKper, qro raKoe rer{eHr{e, KaK QeuuHra:lr, rrocrerleHuo ua6npaer cr{Jry,)KeHUIr4HbrBeA}T 6opt'6y 3a cBorr o6ulectneHHr,re npaBa.Buecre c reM crreqlrarrr4c'rbrB3flnHCr,AocKoHairbHo H3) rarb npo6reuy ceKcyaJrbHocm. Mnorae npHAep)KHBaIOTC-gTaKOIO, MO)KHO CKa3 aTb, nlTpl/rApxanbHof O tntlrrpa o ToM, r{To MpKr{HrIa BCefAa cHJIbFIee, a x(eHUIHr{a - CJIA-
6ee. llluporoe pacnpocrpaHeHne noJryquna Korrqenrlaq cfrJromrroro v noBaJrbHofopaBr{onpzBrjrrBcex nroAcKHx LrHtrvtBlz4ryMos.Kasa,'rocs 6ar,)oemi o eceo6qem pa se? CltlE€lonxsa 6tsa o6ecneql.rrb B3aHMonoHVMaHHeMexrAy npeAcraBHTeJrrMHnporrrBorroJro)Kr{brxrro.rroB.Ho sce noJr),qnlrocl Hao6opor: r436orarb HaqaBruHxcfl cocr-s3aHvfi
3a nepBeHCTBo
Me)(Ay
MpKt{r4HaMH
H )KeHUIl1.Il.aM'IH
r{e yAaJrocb. Teu Heuerree3anoc.rreAHHe HecKoJrbr(orrer H3yr{eHue rro.rroBbrxorlz.tulfr uarHyno ua rronufi ypoeeFn.VqeHbreiloJryr{Hnl{cBe/Ier{H.rr, Ko'r'opbrerroMor),"Tnono)KHTb KoHerI 6eaocHoearetlbHr,rMAHcKyccHffMo roM, KTO XC JTVqIIIC.
Cnetrytalrwcrbl Ha71erorc.fi,r{To DTr4AaHHbIe AoHec}"T Ao co3r{aHvr rroAerl To, qro qenoBeqecrBo rlporc4Jlo Ha nlraHere cronr,Ko Jrer He HanepeKop, a 6narogapn /IaHHbrM or Irr4qurv'. Hnxe rrpHBoAsrc fl. rrnrub orAenbHbre Qanrr,l, KOTOpbre BbrflBl"lnv y{eFlbre.
ycnoittaeocnb oco6a - aro sa1aqa Euoaoeuqecran 3.3. CEKCyA bHblf, I,IHTEAEKT no6e4rt ceKcyanbHoft penolrcquu B PocPesy.rru'aroir,r cr4r4 craJro ro, q'ro Aaxe 6es KaKHX-Tooco6nlx ycwnufi. pOCCI{-flHe IIOJ'Iyr{HIH I'{HofO HOBbIx H HHTepeCI{bIX
CBeAe-
ttufr o npeAcrraBu'reJrsxcunbHoro u cna6ot'o norra. 0coSeaao srr Kacaercrrrex 'aacreiareJla,Koropble l{axoA-srcl <.HpDKeflo_flcar.
Bce srrarcr,qro ceKCy Hac Bce)Keecrb. 14r'enept BcraJI Bo[poc o cyilIecrRo Barrnr4,KpoMe 6eccnopultx Qrlszo,rofHqecKr4x, Kar{HX-'r'oApyrHx cyulecTBeHHbtx ot.lru.{Hla MC}K/IV M\'?KIiHI IAMH H )KCI]IqHIIAMII.
ilpeACTaBHTeJrbHrrUcra6oro nola. OpraHH3M MpKqHHbr r{eHr,re cqr4TaroT SKCnepHMeHTaJrbFrbrMw 6otee q)tscTBr.{'feJrbHbrr4.OpraHaau M\Dr${Hr{brpaccMarprzBaercq B KaqeclBe cnpnHTepa, xeHcrnri opraHH3M - crafiepa. )KeHil\vHa aMeer cnoco6uocrr x ue6olbrrrr.rM Halpy3KaM, Ho Mox(er BbrAep)KHBa'r'br4x cra6u,rrso Ha nporffKeHr4r4 1onloro BpeMeuu. Mprqvlra, B cBoro oqepeAb, Tp).'Aurcfl c 6orrlureri Hr{TeFrcHBr{oc'r'b}ori. rrilr{ cJrc/lcrrlr{c aroro, cKopee ycTaeT. B nevepHee BpeM.rrAHr nocne rpvAoBbrx eaCxlr')KcrrilIurra eule yMyAp.fleTc:s Bbr[orHn'fb 3atraHapoBaHHbre AoMar[HHe Aera. A qro )Ke Nr]rr.{zHa? Ou }ere norepflJr BCe
*ftf
o-t6rq
saeeQattntuo
kanqrrrFo
ctso?rcr{Jrbr Ha rpy/IoBoM QpoHTe, 14crIr ero xBaraer roJlbKO Ha ro, q196ot rl31qllrb rrpecq/ HnH cMorperl] Terle[porpaMMbr. )Iterrrquult He IzcnblTblBalor raxolZ ycralrocru, MPKqI4HbI Tepslor KaK M\D(r{Hnlr. !,axe 6esgelturaqaq, qeM Ta }Ke )KeHilII4ua. Conpe6o,rture noresrtoft aHeptI{H, 6es 1'rplt:errnli coBecru 3Toro He MeHrrbre QelrxrllcmH yqH'IbrBaK)T. ocla6lenze C rogaun npoucxoAzt Q1'nxqufi y uyxcKa;t
3.4. TBOPT{ECKlll,l I,IHTEMEKT Pasroeop o lBopqecKoM HHTeJrJreKTe Molr(Ho [r2lqa,].b c BbrrronHeHn.rr recroBbrx 3aAaHHlZ,xoropue 4an\ryOqefl-
KypAs&ana0EAweeo nshpqecKoeo ailnetuteKnd.HanpoTlaB orrlacaHurl, xo.Ilopt le BaM [o/IxoAgr,
rrocraBbre I 6am
(anrop ,AXefutCrefrrr).
K sar{ B foJroBy nocror{Hrro npuxoArr opr4rHbFIbIC H/ICH
Ec.zu3omumznpo)zumt' ce6ercu7ut' na)o mpeaupo- \
6amocs.
*#
Taxrru o6pa3ou, mu/ t
o caiStto/rl /nyx.luile a clafui
ffio nepecmonpenb. xeilqufleile06xodumo ^ciloqane ornnvl4ri - B quc.[e Ecrr npzlrepbl Kar{ecrBeHHbIX ByHIepKT4HAOBOKa3bIBaK)"tCs fIOqTI{ BCefAa TOJIbKOM2UIbr{HKH. Crtegnantlcrbl cr{HTa}or, r{To H'dJtrlq;ae MPKCKoI'o ropMorra TecTocTepoHa ycKopfleT pa3BLlTI.leoTAenoB rrpaBOro non)4napvtr. I4lrenno [ooroMy y ilralstureii MpKCKofo nora oHo qacro oKa3blBaercq xopomo cQopuupoeauHbrN{ }DKe B MOMCHT ro-sBreHl4.fl Ha CIleT. B Hacro.sulee npeM.rrnoRceMecrHo o6cyxqqaercn [peAloJIo)KeIIHe o roM) I{TO R},'HACPKI]HAAMI{MO)KHOCqIz'I?Tb ACTCH,KOTOPbICIIOr{a cBer co cQopmupoBarlHblM npaBbIM noJryulaABrz;rl,z.Cb pHeNl. npol43Hecrrro, qro JIeBoe nor)'rxapne KoHlpotlnpyer qecc Boc[pru-lLrtr BCeI'o cTaIIAapTHofo I4 BbITIoJIILfIeT 2H2JrH3 rron\qeHHoIi t.rtrcfiopmatlvv npn noMoIrIH IrtraMIIoB. llpanoe noJrvrrraprre, B cBolo oqepeAb, rloMoraer BOCnpHHHMel'r) orip\DKeloqvZ lrnp HecleHAaprHo, KaK oIIHo rfen()c.
aek\
tr4uorga B co3rraHr.rn BClbrXHBae.r o3apeHue: Bbr HaKoHeq peurael'e npo6.rreuv, Koropar M).rlHJr Bac Ao,rlfoe BpeMt
llocle ilpoclrorpa uey4auHori. rro Barrret{vMHeHHIO, TeJIeIpOrpaMMbI
BLI [pI4xOAI4Te
K BbII]OAy
qro [oclaHoRKa noA BarrrptM pvKoBoAcrsou 6tura C lerrocrbrl [pacnoca6rvtsaerecb K H3MeHerILrfl.M1Koropbre [poH3orrrJrH B oKp]DKaroueri Bac cpeAe B gauer\4 co3uaHr4r4 iloct'o.flHHo porrc.fl uQauraswut c BaMr4n ruaauofi polu
Meqrbl
B rurorrssrx Ar{eBHriKax v Bac croflT olrr}rqH TIeHKHnO nHTepaTvpe H pr.rcoRarrux) Ilalr Hpanr.rrcx npr.ro6perarb H \-3HaBalb q'r'o-'tl uoBoe ws o6tacrpr r(yJlr,Tpbr uttu QuttocoQrrrl
s:oPeR.attft)el4eL,
kurtqruHo
Moxere vrrrylatr4nlo HOSOU
NCCHH
[poAonx(IlTb co,4ep)KaH
VIITH 3}]ATb
OKOHqAFIHC
I
HOrO npoH3BeAeHH.s no Hx ]{al{aJty BaC IiMeIOTC-g CKTIOHI{OCTLI K pagIUt{FItiIu{
O6
M r4cKyccTRa, r{aq.HHafl oI' JtrITepal}/pbl LI >r{17BOnIZCH il 3arrAH'-rruta-fl noxoAaMH I1 MV3CH
B KI4I{OTeaTpbI
Bama oAexga -flpKafl uIrH crnIrbrlafl
I3u gorrycraete outw6Krr qaule Apyfux, rloroM qacro pr.{cKy-ere. 3ro nouorael y3Harb Ho-
Bamu gMorlLrr4 rro cpaBI{erILIIo c oKp}.?KaIoxIHMH
r:ry6onu B arurl Bonpocbl 3acraBrnlor
oKp)DKaloIqHx nepe -
MOTpeTb CBOI4 B3TJUIAbI Ha MFIOTUe BeITIH
BaM crrrrc.a lrpKlle H IIBerHbIe cHbI, Kol'opble BbI fioMur.tre B MoMeHT npo6pI{4eHax
I4roru
7-4 - RailIe rBopqecKoe MEIIuJIcHHe pa6olaer He tsnotrH\aro cl4Jry. 5-8 - B:tM llp2lrq'rcfl xopouue clzlr,utl, 3peJIt{IqIIbIe To.rerrpolpa.r'rllr,r. llu HacJIDIqIaeTecb pe:ytltr aTaMu pa6oTI'I
^ &
TBopqecKoro IQ, Ho He cBoero, a qy)KHX ntogefi. Kro-My )Ke He cr{HTaere ce6.g rBopqecKnM r{e.rroBeKoM r.{ HeqacTo no-rHyerecb cBorrM TBopqecKHM noTeHru4aJroM. 9-12 - Bbr r4Meere AocraroqHo xopomo pasnurl;lit TBopqecKufi asreruexr'. Cropee Bcero BrJ npoquTbrBaere Aec.rrrKlr KHvr 3a to4, a no BbrxoArrutrr 6epe,re B plril4 KLrc"r'Hr,r acKH. A cavu r,;u,C?.rbHe npo6ona-nlr ? -Kp 13-15 - Bac He3aqeM f{HTb, fAe H KaK npuMeH-srb cBotl TBoprrecKue cnoco6Hocrz. Bo:uoxHo, HMeHHo oHH onpeAer_fl ror HanpaBJrerrue sanepi Ae.rrrenbHocru. 3auerrarr, uro tttsop1€Cn0om Mo)KHo Ha3Barb cnoco6Hocrb pazpa6arwBarb HoBbre r71er4,HCKarb HeopAHHapHbre perueHzl paeHoo6pa3Hbrx npo6irerr.
& nom n!//nb,4omapui npo&eftnAoqzecmfto ) | )em zezo&e4a6eSnomzpozepespasaoofipasnue6u\ mo&ue,a tE fixo/tbKo,npofze,ttu. +C, Kaxofi 6tr pesynrrar rro r4ToraMTecrzpoBaux_fl Bbr He noJrf{HJI4, 3HaiTe, qro y Bac ecrb Bo3MoxHocrb npeRpaTvrrbcfl B TBopqecKyroJlrzr{Hocrt. Eclz cnpocuTb r{enoBeKa o roM, KaKHenpoQeccua rpe6_r,rorxopoilro pa3BHTofo TBOpqg666fOAHTenJreKTa, Orr, He 3aAyMbrBarrcb, FIa3oBeT aKTepoB, nutarenek Ho o.{enb Mrrorrre npoQecclllr nHorAa'lpe6yor' [pHMeHeHHr rBopr{ecrux cnoco6Hocrefi. Ilrrcoxrlli ypoBeHb pasttrrvtr rBopqecKr4x cnoco6Hocreli npocro Heo6xo4uu: i ) npegnpuHHMa'r'eJrro,BJraAenbrlylre6olr,utori (>zprrr,r; 2) wnnrocrparopy, Qolorpa(ty, lptsafruepy rpa pa6ore c rpaQuxofi; 3) uso6perarerro, HoBaropy,TBoprly; 4) xosnuuy xaprrlunoft raJrepeu lu6o xryAoxecrBer{Horo canoIta\ 5) pa6orHttKaM paAuo, TerreBuAcrrur,ue(rc"rrr,t rolo TB; 6) aprucra M I\paMarvtr{ecKr.rxl.rgclp e/IrI r,lx' l'c1l'r'poB; 7) nen qa u, HHCTpyMeH Tatu4craNr,KoMno3n'l'()p2rNr: B) apxurexT opaM, glrcafiuepal; napnKMaxepaM; 9) r'loge.nrepaM,BH3alKLrcraM,
*frf o{6rq kauqrcrHo
9iopelzut-trt'C'44
x.
10)AzaaiiuepaM Hrp LI HI'p)'Ixe6 HJIJIIocI'paropaM AercKrlx KHI,lI:
Teopuecxuh TJ]r{AN:lj.CTAMI4
urrcetneKT, Ha3bIBaeMbIfr MHOTHMH crreTBOPTICCKHM
MbIIIIJICHLICM'
OPHII4I{AJIb
" & K+ryy
-
nBrqercfl ocHoBoIZ 4rtlI Hoclbro, nso6perareJlbHocrllo, MoryT no.aBtrrbcfl BAp)'r lro6rrx HoBbIx ngeh, Koropble creileHli HeraKoti crano y Bac B ronoBe. Tnopvecrno A,o qro .racttto He 3atlu nopoZ uausefrxusHu, orbeMrleMoil qTo cnoco6TBopr{ecKl're B xo/I cBorl nycKaeM MeqaeM, qeJloBeqecrBa npl4xo/{Hnocb 6urn Hocru. llpegxan B rrolzcKor{eBanv Kor/{a oHH oqeHb nso6peraTerlbHblMpl, Kax frr4ulH: s tllo6oft MoMeHT oHH MoTJII'I CTonKH)"TbC.tI g4R ueue]H']'.. cwryarz c ofracHocrl,w, n c ue6taronoJr),4{rlori yueh. Tnopvecxuit nuretteKT -sBrselc;r ocuonofi 4ll KalxAoro nso6pererr vs. Lr r4HbroBaL{HorIHbIx rexHolorn ft . Tar xax y rrcgeti, HMeIoulHx BL,IcoKHfi ypoBeHb TBopr{ecKofo MbIrIrJIerIHfl,rra6loAaerc.a HecKorl'{aerlltli noroK oHH Ao6upa3nrzqHbrx cnoeo6pasHux ugert vn*;cteit,To Barorcs onpeleirelrHblx ycnexoB B TaKI4x cQepax, rax T earp anbr:a-fl, Tere BII3HoHH afl vtnu rusahHepcKas. Cronr' oTMeTprTb, qTo xOpOUO pa3BlrTElfi rnopuecKl{t{ HHTeJI,reKT HMe,'I Tonac OAvcorr. Bulcoxzli \,'lf,oBeHb pa3Bwrr4n noMor crarb u3BecrHblMu EapG TBopqecKofo r.{HTeJUIeKTa
pe CrpefrsaHgn Onpe YunQpa. Mnorue c.r"raroi, 'ln.ombaoqaerc3y6u - oro eAIzH-
crBeHFra.rrnorep.fl qeroBeKa B IrepHoA AercrBa. Ho yreulte qTO nO HCTer{eHI4H}OHOIIIeCKO|OBO3paCTaqeBbrflcHL].Jrldl JroBeKMo)Ker rrorepfl'r'; H TBopqecKue cnoco6uocrn. AHaIV3Lrp,\ttr AeTCKHepHCFIKH' COr{HFIe}IHIIe AeTbMI4LlC'lOpIdI"], /xeTCKHer4lpbl, TICHXOIOTH3aMeTHnHTo, KaK cTpeMl4Tenbcnoco6Hoclu. Ho naSupator o6oporlr,rBopr{ecKl,Ie py6ex, H 'l'tsopqeHosor peCreuox MHHyer 7-netuvk cKHe [opbrRr,r rq/Aa-To Lrcqe3alor. Hanpaul]BacTcq cJIeA_yrol r t r.1l"r BbrBOA: BHALiMO, CUqeCl'R,\TOrrlaAO6p aSOBaTeJIbrrll cHcreMa npu/Iaraer Bce ycLrJrvfl, qro6tt yBepHTb [rKo.rrbrrllKoB B ToM, q'l'o TBopqecTBo He .aBItIeTCfl ]Kpav' Heri neo6xo/luMocrbro. Mrr xe caMt.IpacnpeAenqeM AereIT nO KlIaCCaM,pacczllKl{Baex{ 3a IXKOnbHbIe CI'OJIL,I'Vr{I4M' qTo npH o'r'rl(]|c lr\'?Krro rroAHHMaTb pyrry, a rIoToM pa3MbllrJrrreNl,iloqeMv ero pe6euox ue pa6oraer rBopqecKH.
Erqe ogrra npuqurra, Koropa-fl Aaer ocnoBarrhe nonaraTrr, q'ro HarrrH T'BopqecKHe cnoco6nocTr-{ rjeBeJrr{Kr.r. cocroaT B'r'oM, r{To Mbr cqHTaeM, 5pro nro[r4 c xopomo pa3Br4TbrrvlTRopqecKHM HrrTerrJreKToN{HMeroT errle 14ltbrcoKr4e noKa3arenr4 o6rrlero IQ. Ha calrou x(e Aene MFrorHe 3naMeHuTbre nvrcarenr4 pt fIoSTbr, r(oMro3LrTopbr H )Kr.rBorrr{cr.Ibrrt vrrbre rrpe.rlcTaBlaTerru cileqr{aJrbHocrerl'rRopqecKoro xapaxTepa He vMenr4 oqeHb nucoxoro IQ. flpo@eccop rrcuxoJtorwu ,Q Cawnoa I{e cMor /IoKa3arb ror Qaxr, r{To [oKa3areJrb ]poBr{x o6rqero IQ l.r 1poBerrb pa3BHTH.rrrBopqecKux c[oco6Hocrefi HMeK)TMe)KIV co6or1 Kar(yK)-'r'o cBfl 3b.
o
{}R fr,
coom0em"'m6uu c mzopuei'D. Cu,MnmoHa,ttHozue m6opzec4ueruzHocma o6za0aft)m o6uznu)t ypo&nou paShumut g,,ttcm&enuu4cnocofnocmzi.
Te rnopvecKue Bo3Mo)KHocrrr,KoropbrMz o6rragaer.e rzMer{I{oBbr,noMoIyT cnpaBH'rbcrc TpyAr{ocTrMt.rnoBcegHeeHor,l)Krr3Hr4. I'Ittot'ga Hacr\arrArorraKue BpeMeHa,r{To g.rt"rrpemeHua npo6leu lpe6y'rorcq a6cororHo HoBbre ts3r.rlsAbr r{nv rroAxoAsr.B arlcln cnyqae K BaMHa rroMoulb npl4rller rBopqecKoe MbrrrrJreHne.BeAr, HMeHHo c rroMorrlbro TBopqecT'BaqeJroBeqecTBonpoilno n)'Tb oT neqepHorl x?r3Hr{4o xonQopra6elr,stx ailapraMeHTou.
&
A.
I
nF.,
'
pltllifiopzecKae cnocofuocmu npuHa,t4a"4ufionowoe \ gracmuz 6 gsopuupoAauuuze,ro&e4a parryHozo.
Bcn crpyxryp a rBopqecKo f o Htrf 'eJrJreKTa vclpo eHa'ranlrlr o6pasoM,.rTo BCeeto cocraRn.srouluecB.rr3anbr c /XpylllMH Br'rAaMprHHTenneKTa. Ec.rrz ssr HaKoHerI peilrvnLr nopa6orarb TL{eI'I CBOeIO
TBOpqeCKOfO
MLIIIIJTCIltlfl,
FraA pa3Bvr-
'l'() (l() IIpCMeIIeM
BbI CMO)KCTC:
1) axrunuenpona'rb MolreFrlbro3aperrr{fl; 2) paccrau,rrb Bceno cBozr,rMecrar{ RTor MoMeHT,t{ot4a I] }KII3HH
BCC I'IACT IIANCPCKOCflK;
,rfrf o-e6roku'.qrrrFo
soPeaullrD*4{e-.
3) onepexarb colepr.rr4xoB no 6ngrrecy, I4cnotlbsyq HoBbIC 'TCXI IOJIOI'KIH;
. &
6yuare - 3To o3r:raqaer,qro Har{HHaercnnepr4oABoccraHOBJICHH'I.
4) axrwswsr4poBarb rrpoqecc rBopqecKoro MbIIrreHI4fl srn6oe BpeMflu s rro6oM Mecre; n ugeQuncro.ltu16Mu l,.a.p.ee1y'r4 5) sn,Xerr pa3III4IIVMe)K,ry/ CAMT4;
6) pa:peruarl upo6reMbr 3a cqerrBopqecrllx cnoco6HocrelZ. Vlcropuw r{3Becrr{brtparT rt, KofAa Hawrrble orKpbITI4.s rrJrH 3aMbrcnbrxyAox(ecrBeHHbrx npor.t3BeAettafi npuxoAvrJrLrvxaBTopaMBo BpeN[rrcrra. Tonac Dgucou yBI4AeJIBo cne o6paseq nepnoli DreKTpuqecrcofilaunoqKu, a coH, MOKAyrrpoq?rM,6ur 4nenHoft,.P.il Cwtaegcon I4Aeloco3I\aHLnt poMaHa
".'fr. Y"
pIzrMbI rroNIorJII4 03 aperlHrl MOI)'T
rrocernTb Hac npu6ll.r3r.rre,TbHo I2 paz Bo BpeM.s SoApcrRoBaHHfl AlreM 14ruraBHo ilepexoAqT n clasy ruy6oxoro cH a. I{ayxa, Korop aq 3aHvrv'aer cfl. y rrbrqaIHaTIHLIML{ pHTMaMr{, noMo)KeT BbIqBHTbB Ter{eHHe Bcero AH.trTaKoe BpeM.rr,KorAa ylrcrBeHrrbrrz opraH pacnoJloxeH I{ poxqrleHlilo HOBaTOpCKT.TX Mbrcre r-i B pesy,ruare npoBeilcHubrx accJleAoBarrurl ncNxolor O. Poccn Bbr.scHr.rr, qro ArnTeJrbHoc'rb Saau <.aKTLIBHocrL, -BocclaHoBJrerrl{e> paBHa or 90 go 120 llptr.
- nncan B cBor.rxrpyAax 3. Poccu. Eclu Rst 3apJrAKHr, rrpuxoAuT rraqHHaerc 3cr)2'l'b,rlaNrxoqe'rc.rr Bbrut{HyTbc-fl, Bbr Har{HHaeTepHcoBaTF,Ha oxol'a :JaMopH'IbqepB_8r{Ka,
K uaclonqeMy BpeMeFrEncuxoJr orav.r paspa6o'rana MeTOAHKa, KOTOpa.s[O3BOJIfleTr{CnOJrb3OBaT'b BpeMir cHa A.[fl rror4cKapeureHuq xaxttx-nw6o 3ap.asH [pr.rBreqeHufl x pa6ore rBopr{ecKofo MbrtrureHu.rr: l) ecre4 3a reM KaKBbroKa)KerecbB frocreJru, na HeKoropoe BpeM-flcKoHrIeHTpupvfrre cBoe BHLrMauueua tofi 3aAaqe,Koropyo ueo6xoguuo pemr4Tb; 2) norpprafirecl B corr; 3) nonlrraftrecr v3Harb pe[reHne tso BpeM.rrcHa. D'ro lroxeT [por.r3oitru tutu B nepB]'ro ]ror{b, r4lrt4B rrocJrerTyrotllee BpeMr; 4) saQnxcvrpytire ro perueHr4e,Koropoe npurrrno Bo BpeMq cHa, r{c--nr,rtarZTe ero.
3.s.coulrA bHbrffilHTEMEKT Coquarcnuti aflnetuteKn- pro cnoco6Hocrb qe.rroBeKa noHhMarb r.rnpeAcKa3brBarb noBeAeHHc llpyrnx lrcgefi B pa3nr4qrrbrx Xlr3lreHHbrx cr4lyaqHrx, a'raK}(e vMeT'b pacno3Halr qvBC'I'Ba,r{aMepeHx-s 14?Mor\Hvr rro HX nep6zt-lrlrIbIM H nenep6arulIbrM Kar{ecrBaM. 3'ro norrxrne 6ruro BrJeIeHo n 1920 r. E. Topn4afrxorvr. floHrrrve corlnanbHoro Hr-rreJrJreKTaAoBoru,Ho 6r,rclpo noirwnno rilHpoKoe pacrrpocrpaHeHr{e n :apy6exHofi NCHXOJIOTHI,T.
llepaouaua-nbrroe [oHuMaH]re counaJrbuoro uHTenJIeKTa6r,rro crvrsaHo co cnoco6rrocrbro AaBarr, 6rrc'r'pue, IIOqTH aBTOMaTVqeCKHeC\}K/r{errH-'IO r}OAqX, npe/IcKa3brBaTb Hx noBeAeHqecKr4e peaKrlHrl B orpeAeneHrrbrx cHlyaL{Hrrx.
&
.t^ pCo4ua,tbuuri ^ uume,a,TeKm amo cfioezo poAa I I co4uazoaui dap, Hop,/t4ao6t:cnazu0oem 4omopui ' z uSofiaruuwe offiHoueHutrc .aplb,ltu, ptSy,rt,mamdt tlgmopu4 n4,,utemutcouutLxbHa't a1anmagutt ryecmfie.
qK
soPeeaaro"{4e-.
a'ttur-ct*u',qrcd*o *
_,cr4Vtft G
N^
trBr4"rbcepbe3Hbre ro3HTHBHbIe cBq3I,LOror uoneHT aHr-
B 1967 r. rUVcDanQopg r{eMHOfo noMerlsr onpe/reneFrHecor IHaJrbHOro Hr{TeJrJreKTa. Orr c4oraJr npeA"[o]KeHr4e, KOTOpOe3arurnqalocb B ToM, q.l'o Hano [or{HMaTb corlHajrbrtatft uttrenteKr KaK cHCTe!ry HHTerurekryzurbrrblx cnoco6lrocrerZ, Koropbre He 3aBucqr or o6lqero prr{Ter-rreKTvtu'rbFroro Qaxropa. Ho B rrepByro oqepeAb cBq3aHbrc no3rraHr4eM uuQoplraqr{H o rroBeAeH:au. Cle4oeareJrbHo, corluaJrbHr,rri raHte-n,renr o6:neg vHtre.l npoqeccbr ro3 H aFrHq, oTp a xarculrre corluanbHbre o6texrtr. CoctaerqroulrrMu coqr,ranbHofo I,1H'I'eJrJreKTa tBJrrroTcfl MbrruJler{I.Ie. ilaMqTb. ceHcLITZBHOC'l'br{ fiepue|IrIH.rr. Corlza-nrHr'tfr. uureller
nHr{Hbre TecTbI Ha BburBJIeHfie ypoBHs r4trTeJIJIerCIanpaKTl.IqecKrz He r.rMeror cBq3r4 c KaKlrMz-nz6o veprauv Jtr4sHocrx (o6 erorr,r B cBoe BpeMq, a HMeHHo s 7996 r., roBoprrJr X IO. Artsenx), ToryIa KaK Tecrbr Ha BbrsBreHue 1poBnrr corlHaJrbHoro HHTeJrJreura cra6v.nbHo noKa3brBaror raKr4e cBfl3Lr..TaK, n qacrHocra,,4, B.llncwt s 2003 r. npwpa6ore HaA cocraBJreHueM onpocHaKa npzrxeJr KBbrBoAy, qro coqua,'rbHblli nHrelleKT TecHo Koppenvpyer c HeKoropbrMn r{epraMv JrnrrHocrz. BKrtroqafl nepeqr{cJreHHbreBbrrre cueqzQuvecKue oco6esHocrr.l, Bo3HHKaer Borrpoc, flBrfleT cf, Irr4 r4HTerlreKTo M collkraJrbHbr n L,|HTer -
crr c AercKoro Ro3pacra.llepuod utKoAuaoeo o6ywnun -
JICKT.
aro c arubrrl BalKHbrL"r3T'arr B Qopuirpon aHLil4 co r\ua.rrbr{o f o HHTeJrrreKTa, ilo'roM\,- qTo vMeHHo B STOTneprroA pacrxH_ prrerc.fl xpp o6 uleH vfl., pa3Br4Barorcfl TaKrze cn oco 6r rocnr, KaKVMer{He[epoKr.rBarb 3a /xp]Toro qenoBexa des npll,roro Bocrrpufl"tvfl e-ro otqyrqeHr4rz, 3arrlHulaTb cBoH Mbrcrrr{ I,I cy)(AeHnq Ap),Toro r{eroBeKa.
Bognoxno, cnoco6Hocrs pa:6uperbctr B xaparTepe Apyrnx nroAerl Fre.rrb3rrorHecrr4 K r,1l{TeJrrrertyaltHolZ, a Hy?KHocqr.{Tarb cJreAcrBVeMoco6enuocreri ru.rFroro rroBeAeHr.rr{ tz':.l^I\uB;r4\Wua? B qaclHocrpr, Mo)KHocAenarb r{To npeA[oJro)KeHue o roM, 3traHrrfl.qeroBeKa o6 orpy)KaK)rqr4x.rrroA_fl x .flBIgloTCfl cneAcTBHeMrre npocTo Io3H aBarenbHbrx cnoco6rrocreh, a co6creeHnol)r cxoxecrn c oKppKaror\L,ruyr..Cyrqecrsyer rz 4pyrori Bapr.raHTronxoB?H]ljtriHeKOTOpbreQOprrrr Harxero iloBeAeHH.flBbrHpKAaroToKpPKarorrlHxrroKa3aTbHaM o[peAeJreHr-rbre cTopoHbrcBoero xapar0epa. Bce 4aHurre y6ex4eHHs no3BoJlsrol o6rqcH!{Tb oco6enHocru corlr4aJrbHolor.{HTenneKTa c lrexornr,rrunnorZ ToqKH3perlv-s.HerorrrHt.uBrrbreMe'r'o/Ihr leM r{e MeHeeHe
Eeccno prro. cor{HanbHsth uur enleKr Arq rrcHxo.rroroB BCerrXa cquTaJrcflo6r-exrou 6o,rr,nroft Ba)KHocrr4:BCepaBHO, B KaKOM KOH'reKCTepaCCMaTpHBaTE,- TeOpeTHqe_ cKoM HnH flpaKTrzqecxon. Ho reM He MeHee oH He [oAlJaercs. TpaKToRKe, onupaqcb Ha iloJTo)Kerru.rr o6qefi TeopHH t.rr rler'rJrcKTa.Sro .rrBJreHHe Mo)KHo Ha3Barb crpaHnsrlr. tr4rrpnLruHa cocroHl B ToM, qro r.a nnrfoplrarlr4tr,:ro]'OpaJ{ I{3ReCTHa VTIeHbIM O COIl,Llanbl{oM HHTeJIJIeKTe. C I4'IbHO
OTJIU I{ ACT CIO OT OCTAJIbH F,IX'I'T{ IIOB H HTCJI'ICKTA.
llepeoe pailaqae BbrreKaer H3 xapeKrepa KoppenrrInoHr{brx cBr{geiic npoqHMH pa3rroRt{Ar{ocrqMnHr{TerneKTa.Pa:l'irrcc'r'cu, ccnH cpaBrrulb pa:lrroo6pa3rrbreBHlIbr HI{TeJUIeKl'VaIbItF,lX 327129, TO, KeK npaBI4JlO. MOXHO BbI-
rrr4saneHa3surupositiuenanifold. I ecrrvB3rrTr, cotlrtutr,usth HHTCJI'ICKT,
TO C B.'I3I,I C OCTANbHbI
MI"l'TI"IIIAMI-j
I,IHTCJIJI CKTA
or{eHb cna6tt 14 HenpoqHn. Cnaxelr 6ollme, He oqeHb rrpo.{Horz Mo)KHo Ha3Barb cB.fl3b/IDKe Mexny BCeBo3Mo)KHbrMr{ TecTaMIj Ha onpeAeneHue ypotsHfl corlHaJrbHoro I,IHTCJINCKTA,
Enopoti oni(tqunetutrui npasflaK.rrBrrqercq nomrori nporutsonono)KHocrbrorro orHorxeHuroK nepeony. Til-
BCeIAa IIOMaTOTCflJIO|I4Ke,ecJrrr ()rrrr r]cr(Jrr()rraK)T COqlzaJlbHoe [o3HaFIHe ug o6:racTn sccofrrlclr ) |r().]uitrIH;I. ,[,8. Ymaxon, corpyAHux tr4Hcrar]'ra rrcuxoil()r'rrn PAH r. MocKRr,r,u ero KorrJreru npeAJrararorraxori crpyKr')/pHoAHHaMHqecKoM rroAxoA (CAn), B KoropoM coIIH:uIbHoMy
suQe*.,a'''e
o{ar-cr {F
44ek\*
kaHrrKrrno HHTeJTJTeKT)'oilpeAetllrJlH
MecTo, npH STOM yr{HTblBa.fl ero
oco6eHuocra. C!il rpegnoJlaraer, qro noA crplr(Tlpolz noApa3yMeBaercq pesynr,TaTero QopuuporurHTeJrJreKTa BaHvrfl . Corracno rpaALrIII4oHuotZ reopuz, Koppen.sIIHH yMCTBer{Hbxcnoco6HocreIl o6ycloulrtsalorc.f, KorHHTHBlrbrMrrepeKperqnBaHl4eMQltrxqutl. C[lI, n cBolo oqepeAb, no3Borurer rloH.arb, qro rlpoucxoAslqnli npouecc nauHoro crro)KHee.Cnp oen u e afl n elu eKn4 Qopvrn pyercx KaKpe3)'Jrbra"r Blrr4fl:avrtr Aplr Ha Ap)Ta'rpex Qarropon: 1) xorrruruBr{oro nepeKpequ r,aLrvs.QiHTIIzIZ; Bo3Mox(2) nepcoualt'Hblx or nt'ivr4ir w:'l4r4Bu4y'dJrbHblx HocrerZ; 3) paslereHr,nr Bo3MolKlrocrelZAss pa3nuquv oKplDKaIouleii cpegu. B coo'rsercrBupl c AaHHbIMnoAXoAoM oco6ensocrn corr,aJrbHoro r,rHTerreKTa orpegerflercfl. deynn acngK'
namu. flpu npone 4e:e'wv HCcJIeAoBaHvtt raraHT nHBbIx Aer eh HHTeJIJIeKTvaJIbHoTorrlapaQoHa Bo BpeMq MocKoecxoro o6H apyrru;Iu np.sMlro 3aBLICI4Mocrb f{eHbre - ncr4xororu 3r.anr4n H o.qr{HoMexqly ypoBHeM MareMarzqecKzx r{ecrBoM. 3t'o, n cBoro oqepeAb, roBopr4T o roM, r{To, pacxoAyq cBepx Mepr,I clulbl Ha H3yqeHHe a6crparrHr'Ix Ha)'K, qeJroBeK 3aMeAJrfier palBwrne ceoell coquanbHofi agan' TAIIIILI,
Koppenfl IIHoHHbIx Taxrlruro6pasolt, n Qoptvtxpo Bal'rl,u'Lt poJlb \lpr4Ha/\tseAlrllatl cBfl3eii corlHanbHof o HHTe.TIJIeKTa Jre)KHTTperr,eMy Qarropy Qopvrapouarrlafl crpyKrlpbl yMCTBeHrrbrxcnoco6Irocreri - &AUnilAP flA p@eUnAe
sosmoxflocnei cpedel oKpyxeiluq. Eule ogr-rH acileKT cocrol4T B ToNI, qro FIa pacnpeAener rHe no'reHL\vara B 4r4ana3or{e coIIHaJI bHof o HHTenneKTa Brrvtre^ue oKa3L,IBaIor JIHt{HocrHbIe KaqecrBa. 6olrtnoe Cano co6orl pa3vMeercr, trro lalt Ha3bIBaeMbIe 3KcrpaBeprbr, ilo frcHxHqecKoMy cKraAV FIa[paI]JIeHHbIe Ha corlr4anbHoe nsar.rnogeiicrBHe, crapa Iorcr HcrloJlb3oBarb HMeroulHec-g r4HTentIeKq, aJlbrrble Bo3 Mo)KHo c'l H Mfl Hau 6olee nonHoro rr()rruMaHr4fl H vcrlelxHofo perynvpoBaHr4s B3avu(x )'r'rr()rrreHzli uexA\, JIIoAIMI4. V.reFIltIi-ncHxorol ll. ts. ,rlrocuH B cBoHx rp)'Aax roBopr4Jr o I|AAAqUU
no oxunel^flux cg$ei nexdy coquaAsflbmuilnetuteKnoil u eKcnpasepcaeu. LI rraxoHe\, 2rtd6ilo€ onAuque nexdy pa3ilosadllOcnrmA AilnetfieKnA coAeplu4Tcq B Br4Aepenpe3errrar\vrw, c nor{orrlbro xoropoli Qylr xquou r4pyer rurr rreJureKT. Kax npanaJro, pa3JrHrraror sepaaAbflhl€ u AilAio?06ile (npoclpancrBeHHbre, vuclonue) penp$eilnAq0U. lfo6e0enue zp1ed !/zeHue ofu4no&euuo onuct'l&aromczo4dtlr, a ne fiuparcarcm c no,ttotgtp rnpet \
)uep,tutuzuzuc,no6u,y&wpavceauri.
<eJ
Tyr xe floqBJrrrercrrnpo6lelra: .,Moxrro rH cquram, conep5alrHulr nprr Hcnonb3oBarruH ryvar'aul'lfr. HHTeJTJTeKT' gaunori penpe3eHTa4wu?,> l{ccre4onanns C. C, Eenonoft npeAclaBr.rrv cBe1elrvtr, KoTopble roBopqr o'ro[{, tiro coru4arrrlrr,rfi l.tutennexr 6a3upyercr ua 4rolZcrneHHofi penpe3eHTarfl,rvri nep6:urlHoli u Henep6alruori, a raxx(e unr)..prrr4Blrofi.Bep6a-nbHaspeflpe3errTarIHfl noMof ae"r p ealrLr3oBaTbKoNlMyrrrrKarJrlro, Koropa.f, Mo)KerAarL,o[peAeneHHble pe3yrr6Taru.Ognaxo [aHr: fl. penpe3errrarlur ,4oBonbr{o pe3Ko oloSpaxaer HroaHcbrr43-3aoAHocroporrr{ocrn crp),r(rypH o6osHa.reHHrZ, Koropbre oTMeqeHbr B HarypaJrbHoM fl3brKoBOM NraTeprrane. Heeep6arrHas penpe3eHTar,{Hr,B cBoK) oqepeAb, oqeHb roH Ko o'ro6paxaer cvrqecrByorqlro corla aJrbHyro o6clarronxy- H Bce-TaKu rle IrrMeerBo3Mo)r(HocrLIrlpgMo, He npHMcrlnrrnepeKoAupoBKu,6url olpaxeurrori n peqeBOMcoo6qeHnvt.tan,.{ro6tr aro 6r,mo ilorurrHo oKpy)KaIoUtrM. Kor4a r{enoBery r-reo6xo4ulro nepeAalb KoM,vHrz51'gr csoa coo6palrerlus o nroICKoM oKplDxeHar4 H corlr4aJrbrrbrxycnoBr4rrx,or{ rroJrb3yercqnep6a,rnHori penpe3eHTarlueft. Teur He MeHee,Korl{a norpe6nocra s o6b3oRaT'bc.rr rrleFrr4r,r rrroAH MorY'r'u()crr()Jr oTc)'TcTByeT, HenepSalruoi,t,tttil.t HH]1/IIIr4Brr()H l)cnlx'ircrr|er1r.rcri. flepexo4 as Heeep6ant'u.oitpeilpe3eHTar,nn lr rrcp6am,Hyro,Koropar npocro Heo6xoguua,4.nso6qeIIIn, conpor.{HorIeHKZ. Bo44aercr yTparorz ryeraJu4saL\
*frf oqaroraHq*uHo
goPe'?.,tt-too*r\*
Peayaenanu npocedenauxucaedoeaaui Aaror Bo3Mo)KHoclb 3aruraHzpoBarb pa3ilr4qHbre cnoco6u HrJTefparyr4r4 r4MeroIIIHxc s 3ltaunft o c ot lH aJIbHolr r{HTeJIJIeKTe B noJro)r(eHws. o6u\ek TeoDlz'w HHTenJreKTa.
t. Co4uaaeaed annetuenn - aro n xaxoii-ro uepe no3HaBarerrbrrafl crroco6nocru,. Z noerouy B qeJroM ero Mo)Krro cqHTarb o4rroli H3 pa3HoBH.quocrefi HHTenneKTa. llpoilcxo4Lir rroArraHeHHe corluairbHoro vl rueller'ra o6UIHM 3AKOHOMCPHOCT,'IMHHTCJIJICKTA KAK TAKOBOTO.
z. Cpedoean'o6cnaaoeruoKa3brBaerBrr.lrtrrine Ha pa3Br'r'ue corlua;IbHoro H HTerIJIeKTa,TeM c aMbrM o6ycloelv nax QopnlzpoBarrue KoMM\.HHKarlrBHbrx cnoco6nocrefi rrerroBeKa. I,IneHHo no 3rorZ ilpr4r{HHe HeBbrcoKa KoppeJrr{rIHfl COrIHaJrbHOrO LrHTeJrJreKTaC OC]T'aJI bHbrMH p a3HOBHAHOCT'MH
HHTCJI'ICKTA.
CneqzQuuecKr4ecsorlcrea corluaJrbHoro HHTenrreKTa o6ecneqr.rearor pe[pe3eHTalr4BHi,recacreMu. l4nreHno otrLr v sBJrsrorcfl efo ocHOBoh, couerax s ce6e nep6a-nuHlro rr uenep6 altrwxr (urrqarrz enlto) perpe3eHTarluro. Coqn alrH as. npr4Ha1ne)Kr{ocrbro)Ke cKa3brBaercflHa HHTenneKTe.fietlrr, nocro.rrHr{o pacr,lrrlr4e n 6eguocrx, nor{Tu HaBepHqKano[aA]n B Tparuqecrcv nopovHr,lfi KPVI: Y HI4X TIC PA3OBbIOTC,g I,II]TCIICKTYEJIbHbIC
HABbIKI,{.
Heo6xo4zubre gJrrrycneurHoli yre6tr, noaroMy oHu r{e cMor\T noJ'rvr{HTb xopomee o6pa:onauue, a 6es o6pasoBaLil4fl. HN{rre s.akru BbrcoKooilnasvsaewoia pa6oru, c,replx AeTrM TO)r{eIIpHAeTC.rr HatsepHsKapacTr{ AOBaTenbHO, n 6enrroctz. MHorue ) leHHKr.r MJraArxr{xKraccoB 6paszllcxux rrrKo;r nogpa6arr,rBaK)T,npoAaBafl Qpyrru u roHQerlr rpoxo)KuM, qacro He 3Haror qaQpn rra 6anrHorax, Ho 3HaroT,KaKKVnriTbTOBapv onToBr4Ka, [aTb cAaqynoK]TIaTCI-gM,
llo4poclxll c rHXooKeaHcKHX ocrpoBoB y 6eperon Horori I-erzHeHMoryr nponnblBarr, tra roAKe corHH Kl{troMerpoB B orKpbn'oM Mope. I4x rrHxolgaluey-unrrr,t MareMaTr{Ke, HO OHH HCrOnb:l,v}OT cjto)Kr{r,ret rl4Bl.dlal\uorlrrbre cxeMbl, ocltoBaH}{bte Ha iloJroi{(ctrr}ttI 3Be3A H npeflnonox{r4TeJrr'rroii ('r(()lxx"r'H JroIKH. Ec.rru 6u HM nprlrxJlocb IIpOH',r',lrllil]'cJtJIcttlvllJltrr{bIC,t.ccTblMfl aMepvKarICKHX
IrrKotrbHr.{KoB, oHH rroKa3aJrH6u necrma Hr,r3KHepe3y/rbraru. Ho 3Har{HT JrH oro, qro r4x r4HTeJrJreKT HH)Ke, qeM y tlx aMepvKaHCKnx cBepcrnr,rKos? Her'. Yuesu.rr H HaBbrKLr,KoTopbre cquTaroTc.fl BaxHbrMH y aMepr.rKaHcKr4x [peACTaBneuwfr. o6 rlHrelreKTe, r{eHflTcq ropa3Ao rrH)Ke cpeAu npeAcraBnt eteft. Ap)'rzx Irynbryp.
{ax1an tgl/tbmgpa tHatutll
&nympucefit, zmo
autflb aHfiu,,t 4ercltganbHu,lt.
EeccnopHoocttosoiap6oi ila4aoilanunoti KyAbnypu a lro6oro o6qecrsa crrvraerctr cnoeo6pasHa.sHer43MeHHas. cocralnflrou\afl - undacudyyau. 14 6ygqee aroro o6rqecrna 3aBucur or roro, rro KaKHMrrputrrfvilar'r 6yger BocnI4TaHa.[zrrHocrb Kaxnofo rureHa aroro o6ilrecrea. Kax pas ara rrpurrnua u 3acraBrrqer ynerflTb clulecrBeHHoe BHHMaHHe npaKTHqecKHB Kax(4oMo6uecree BonpocaM BocnnTalr'l,l'Ape6eura, crar.nr nepe,q ueo6xogzpe6eHra v:,r'x MocrbK) BbrflBrreHr4.rr cnoco6socreri Bcs, npo6reuu 6ula 3rraqxMocrr arofi Qoprrzponavus.. qenoReqecrnlr o6ulecrBoM oqeHl parro. YveocMbrcJreHa HbrMAOBOnbHO XOpOnO3HAKOMbI, HanplrMep,npuHrlunbr BocnHTaHHflnrsHoclv Bo BpeMeHaAHru.{rrocru, a'tar<}Ke B flopy Cpe4Henexoer.rr. Ho Moxc{o AonycrnTb, vro cnoli oco6ennr,rri cnoco6 opraHH3arIHH nporlecca BocrruTaHLrfl.r4 o6pasonaHntrHaJrrmecrBoBaJrH s 6oree paHHr4eBexa. Teu He MeHeerrpu 3ToMo6uaplxznaercfl onpeAeneHHOe OTnHqI{e
B TIdilAX LUIP.[4JLy.3A\Uft: Onrl.]{r AenarOT )'rrop
na o6pasoearerrrrrrri npoUecc rr AoBonbHo paHHroK) rlr'qnpoQopueHTallnro pe6eura, Apyrue - Ha pa3BI.{Tr4e HocrHbrx Kaqecrtsr{eroBeKa.l{agmu aosama, rrro 3HaqHTerbr{ee: o6rqecrno, cocl'o'Ixlee r43 BbrcoKonpoQecczoHaJrbHbrxcnerlnanr4c'r'ov,AIrv o6qecrso rapMoHl{t{}Io pa3Balbrx r4rrIVBH[yyMots,/Irq Koropblx o6ulevelonev ecKr4e I{er{Hocru
61u1"r So;tee B:DKIIln M L{, :lI I e qH'I'etIbHbIMH,
urei' ueu npoSeccuoHaluH I4Meerc.f, )pyean npofAema.Fle cexpc'r',q'ro Ir ptAe ^ B coBpcMclIHol-I cpeAHeBeKoBbIx Iqvnbryp (ltanpultep, tr4uguv. eqe cyrqecrByer pa3AeJIeHLre rro KacraM) 6rnosa-
_<%)/tr& ^ & >d" KaKr4Mcnoco6opr oHa perrraTc_fl, B KoHeqs:oPe?a}ar12€4{e--
o-t6ro *
rurrqK'Ho JraKacroBocrs. Cornacuo eit pe6euox, xoropr,lli poAr4ncs B onpeAeneuHori coqr4aJrbHorZrpyrrne, o6"ssaH 6stt saFrfiTbB o6rqecrne rroJroxeHr.re,coo'r'BercrB)'roqee roMy, Ha KaKoM o6H.rHo HaxonuJrLlcr,efo poAarelz. Cair.roco6oli pa3vMee'rc.fl,r{To AerH, HaAereHHbrenpzpoAofi oco6esHbrMlr cnoco6rroc'ttrMr4, B AaHHoe BpeM_sHX Ha3brBaror oAapeHHbrr.{r4,
He BcerAa
I-dl{e'IId BO3MO)KHOCTb noJry-
varl no4o6aoqee o6paeonauue, Koropoe rpocro seo6xoAHMo Ans, paBBlaTHflHMerorlrlxcfl y Hero cnoco6rroctefi. Cyqecreoear v qpyran xpaliuocrt: pe6eHoK, KoTopbrrz noflBHrc'I B ceMbe BbrcoKofo corlr4anbHoro He BcerAar,rMeJr B cBoeMpacilopffKenuu Heo6xo)apoBrf.rr, ilpprpoAHbre AaHrrbre 14uHTerreKT, T. e. Bce To, Ar.rMbre qro raK neo6xoglzno Mfl rofo, vro6br 3aHHMarbMecro, KOTOpOeI"l.3IfaI{?.Jrbr{O npeAHz3HaqeHoA.rrrHefo cTaTycoM ero po)KAeHwn.flpu raKoM rroJro)r(eHur.r npocJroxuBaJracb AefeHepaqux o6qeclua. llpilrr.epoM ToMy cnpruzr cnryarlr4.s,Koropafl, cnolnnrracb e Pr4i\.{cKoitumnepuu Bo BpeMer{a }maAKa.
9 ;,:
flo maKta yx flenpuerruema Kacnoeocneo6qecnoa?
Begr pe6eHoK, Koropbth nonsvlcq Ha cBer B oKplrreHHH BOHHOB-apr4CTOKpA"[OB VnU B CeML,eITOTOMCTBeHHbTX pa6ovrrx, o6s,zau 6r;n WacneAonerb or co6crseHHbrx KpoBFrbrx p o AI.j're rei{ o [pe/teneH Hbre crpeM reHr4fl. 14cnoco6uocru. Aaxe caMo ero Bocnr.{TaHrre HeMHHyeMo oKa3brB:uro BrrvtrHrle Ha pa3Rta^rueeto JrzqHocl'Hbrx KaqecrB. llpllvelr He TonbKo ceMerzHoe BocnHTarrHe, Ho 14To oKppKeHr4e, BKoropoM xul pe6euoK, Kplr o6uleuzl xax o6rqee HaNPAB J I C I I H C P E 3 R H TH.fl KVNb T VDb I.
'
Cot4uarcuan cpeda'u niiaedcnoettilocn; - oro ABa
r{eHTpaJrbHbrx
MoMeHTa,
Kof'opbrc
BJTHflK)T HA qA3B]fiTljl3
pe6errrca.Oguaro nprl oroM oveHb cno)KHoonpeAenuf'b, KaKoiru3 Hr,rx3aHHMac'l'B AaHHoMcJrvr{ae6olee BbrcoK}To crvneHb. A nr,rrrrcyxa3al':^:uatr tpo6leua cqr.rraercq oAHoBpeMcntro u rra\ rrrorZnpo6leuoli, H coqnaJrbnori,loro-
My t{To or rofo, rroM cr{ere 3aBucvrTnepcneKTaBa pa3Bvttvq caN{oro o6rqecTBa. 9ro6u orbrcKarb perrreHprega:r^uoit npo6leuu, Aa)Ke R Harrry Srroxy cJryqaeTcr npoBo.4HTb AOBOnbHOHe[pocrbre orrbrrbr u nopofi roAaMrzco6zparr, cnegeuu.r o6 oAHoM cer,refictge. Kpolre rofo, Heo6xoAr4MbrcBeAeHu.s opalBLlTprlaAerer1c oAurraKoBlru renoQoHAoM B pa3rrar{uorZ coquantstotr H KyJrbrypuoli cpegax. Srlr orrbrrbr ocnolcurrorcrr eqe 14TeM, qro, K rrpr4Mepy,n pocczu 4oBorrbHoxecrKo crreA_sraa co6lrogeFrnelr raftuut ycbrHoBreHutr. Bor noaroMy npaKTzqecKpr Hepeanbr{o npocJre)KHBarb@opullpoeaHLre rvqHocru .qnyrr 6parten, Koropbre BocnuTbrBarorcqB pa3HbrxceMbflx.B Coe4uHerrurrx lllratax Qaxr vcbrr{oBrreHrr,fl, LreqBrsercr cexperoM, r{To noloMy raM o6nl.{ali ycbrrroBJrerlnxgel'efr.Bcrpeqaercs ropa3Ao qaqe, vt, caMo co6oli pa3yMeercr , TaM aHarofHrrHbre SKcrrepHMeHTbropraHH3yroTcq |IoqTH noBceMecrl{o. Tat
rroKaKHe-ro Apvrue.tt edaua iduneaeti u ece(icuinemU OOyqeilUt n o6paaoaatil4fl - rronbrrarbcl llx o6uapy)Klrrb. Bce sbrurecKa3aHHoe r4Meer olHolxerrue, 6e:yc,ronHO, He TOnbKOrrll[tb K ceMbflM, r/[e ec]'b npHeMHbre AeTr.r. Elr.rslreqalr r{epellKo rrpr4cBarBaJru KaKHe-To oco6eH I{bIe cnoco6nocla, ux ytsDreJrH.l.l nce )Ke B caM Qaxr noflBnCIJI.jg.
I{A
CBCT (OAI{HAKORT,TX
ITOACIZ''
qACTO
Cq]glTAN]/l
[poKJItrHeM Bbrcrrrnx cnr. Tax. R r{acrHocru, B cnaBqH.{r'o Srzsnecxou Qtollrdrrope 6ulo npnnl'i'o Irc)Jr'.lr'lt't'rr, IIbI B.[aAeror cnoeo6pa3]rbrMr.l rrcHXHrtccrcrurr crroco6IIOCT.TTMH, MOryT npofHo3HpoBzr'b nofo/l),, uet'orrrTb llopqy, Belaror o rpaBax 14 3aloBopax. B oco6errrrocrn OTIACHbIM
CTTI"f'TAjtrI.dI{CIOBCKA,
Y KO']'OPO|O
B MOMCHT
|IO-
o-t6ro
s:.oqel2uHft)QA4
ruHrrKdHd
trBrreHlafl. Ha cBer poAunncb 6par- HJrlr cecrpa-6lusueq, Ho rroroM cKoHqanuct. Taxoro r{eroBeKa lg'a3brp.alr:E'ABoeA}'IIIHHKOM,
nO'rOMy
qTo oI{ oArlH
cr{HTaJtcn
BIralJeIbueM
cpa3y AB\x pa3yMoB,AB\,xA)'rx.
9
:O :..,..,.
luoxnoAUenu npamenato06tcilan6 c ilayqiloi no.tKo3peflaf,?
B nexoropofi ctenena, Mo)Ker 6tns, u nroxuo. Bent o6rr.{Ho 6lrasHerlu recHo o6ulaorca Apyr c ApyroM, nogroMy BpeMeHaMHr4Mnoqru r{To He rpe6yercx o6uleuzr Hr,r co cTapmaMu, Hr4 CO CBepCTHHKAnTU. or*t, B qacT_ Hocrr.{,HaquHaror pa3roBapuBarbno3AHee,qeM o6urHoBeHHbregern. 9'ro npotrcxoAr4T He noroMy, qro y Hr{x ua6tagaercr orcraBaHze B yMcrBer{HoM pa3B;zt^tuH, Her, y rrrzxQoplrupyorcfl co6crseHHbrenolynep6anbHbre,rroN}"TAKTHNbHbIC KOMMVFII{KAIIHOHHbIC CHCTCMbI, KOTOPbIC Ha ycTaHoBrreHHoM STane pa3Bi"j"tldfl, flBJrrrroTcq Mfl lts.]1lx
BnoJrue Aocraroqrrsluz. Ho n galtuerlureM npr.i eopullpoBatil4u J'ruqHocrr.{ pe6eHra KaK r{acru KoJITeKTHBa BCe aro oKa3brB?erct{ r43rrvtrrrLlM a s xaxorl-.to crerreHu oilac_ Hulr. Orroro 6lneHerlarnr rpe6yercfl, npHCTaJrbHoe BHprMAHLr.eCO CTOpOFrr,rB3pocnbrx, KoTopbre Hx oKppKaroT. B canon nv qene 6la3rreqr,r, Koropbre 6tvl.t pa3n1'r{eHbr, tsnpollecce cBoel'o Aalr,nefiruero cyqecTBoBaHLIfi rrOKa3brBaror rrprzMepbr nopa3lrreJrtnofi cxoxecl,r4 r4 cre, peornnrroro rroBeAeunx? flononbHo rpyAHo cKa3ar.b, TOJIbKOnH feHeTUKa BJTI.IfleTHa 3TO CXOACT'BO. Z ece-raxp{ HeKoropbre cr{HTaror, 'r^ro ilAillq(tg S 06qecnee 6lUeiletlOe - r'rc r{RreFrue AoBOrnHo naronornqecKoe. Be4t n gericrBzTerrbr roc.ru o6qecrno, KaK rrpaBrrro, cocroHT rr3 ul:l\vBn,qya.lrbHr,rx 4crefi. Orru paenuBarorcr{ H B CBOCMpA3Br4Tr4HnpoxoA,rr.r' \.cT,aHoBJreHHbrenpupo_ gofi craguu. I,Ilreuso orleHKa n rrpaBl.rnbrroe rioHnMaHue cnequQnuec Kr4x oco6ennocreri raxno ii c-t'arww ABrfl e-t.c.s 3anoroM pa3BrlTnr y pe6erlna KaqecrB rapMor{r4r{Ho pa3Br4Toir JrHqrr()t.'l't.r.A ne4l HMcrrrro JTr.rqHocrbLI rBlrfler_ ctl ocr r( )l()r'.r
r.,
'Kro+7* .e
Ocul,rc.rreFr,e\c.rroBuficpegu, n xor'pofr npor.*ogrrlG eopMtrpoBarrr{e rrurr}rocrn pedeuKa. 3Har{HToco3Harrze ee KaKcpeAbrrlaBnnu3oBanHofi.Kax pas pa3Burne 14 ABu)KerrHerrrBr4ttu3alqHu HfpaK)r perxaoulro ponb B eopmra_ poBaHnrr nuqHocrn pe6eHra KaKc orr4r{ecxofi cropoHbr, Tarr n r4HTenneK-fyatn noh. pe6eHox o6ssaH. Ha) {HTbc, noABeprarb arraJrLr3y oKppraroqvrc efo cpeAy, rz cnoco6_ Hocrb K DToMv anarru3y B HeKoroporZ clenenv Mox(Ho crruTarb Bpo)KAeHnoli.Ho roJrbro ortracrr4. Bcnounnre o6pa: Mayrna. 3ro 6trrt pe6eHox o6trnlloneuHbrx po/IH_ renert. llonau B aHopManbHoeArq ce6x oxprxeu"e, ou onpeAeneHnlrr,lo6pasoM cvMerrK HeMynpzHopoBnTbc.s, I{O qCJIOBEKOM
CTATb HC C\,'MCJI.
OcHo eu a-s3anaqaB3pocnbrx - poArrenerl, BocnuTarerrerl /IercKoro caAa.rrrKotrbFrbrxyuurenefr _ I\arb pe6eurc,v He roJrrrKo o6pasonarrr4e KaK KoMrurexl. onpelleneHr{brx Qraxron, Ho r.rHayqr4Tbero arraJrLr3rrpoBarb onplDxarorrllro cpe.q\/caMbrMHpaeHoo6pa3nr,rMHctoco6aua. K coxuure_ HHK),AaHHtrfinyr+c.[pollecca BocnuTaHr4rrr{e BCerAa oco3HaercflB3pocJrbrMa s norHori Mepe. Kpoue arofo, r{aKfoBoprr,r oreqecrBeHHbrrlflcr4xoJror. A B. Sanopxe4, /j;r.flKalK4oro no3pacrHor.o rrepr4oIa xa_ paKTepHbrcsor{ oco6er{}{bredtoprralraK'ruBrJocrv. V sat\a_ qa K:tKIoro pe6eHxa - oBJraAerbr4Mr4rro MaKcHMyMV. Tolr,xo rrpa aroM ycno:svtuAolr\,'cruMero il.rraBrrbrrinepe_ xoA Lr3o4uofi Bo3pacrl{ofi xareropzz BApvryro.Ho usor_ Aa B ceMbqx, r-Ae flpprBelc].Byerc.snpoAoruKeHue xarofi_ nu6o npoQeccnona,rlHoli A:r.Hacrvlr-Htrr4 r1e Eervl HaAeneHbrraJraHToMor po)ry{eHarr,B3pocrr,re ea6tlsalor yqzTbrBarb cneqzQtury BocfrHTaHHxpe6eHxa KaK rur{_ Hocra. O6tF{Ho B TaKhx cr{ryardn.trxAerr{ paHo noJr},qaror ycraFroBKvHa KaK''ro-Jrr,r6o cneqv.arv3ar1,z^w.Co6crneHuo oHa vr 5y4er a ga-n;rrefirueMoKasbtBarbBJruflHueHa eop_ Mr4poBar{Heel.o Jluqr{rrrxueHHocTefi.Ho, KaK qacTo 3TO cnyqaerc.rr,gatntuir cnocod
pOIO C MaJIbIX neT' OpI{eHTIr{rQOBA[]1r IJa MV3brK:tJrrrr{OC 06pa3oBaHr.Ie, FreiloJTva{arocb BeJTHKor.oMy3brKaHr.a.Il raxrax crryqasx B efo ncHxr.rKe Her4cfrpaBHMbre g:tff""oflT Y\
oa6rq #
ruHsrrccrHd
cABLlrI"ljKOTOpbreMoryr npHBecT!{ K pa3BHTHrOfrcprxHqe_ cxux 6oJlesHefi. HenonpanzMbre noc.[eAcTBlllt noflBJnrrorc.ss oco6eH_ HOCT.rrx [cuxprqec Kor.o pa3BrTr4trr Hqr{ocru pe6eura, ro_ Toporo c Aerc.r'BaopucHTtrpoBaJrr Ha npoeeccnotarrb_ Hoe 3aH.rrrlreKaKLTM-HH6yAI sugol,r cnopra. 14 gaxe ecrra rrpoqecc pa3Br4TuA o1ape\rHux ge,refi oKa3brBegl'cr yiIaqHbrlr e xaxofi-nlz,6y4t onpegeleHrrori o6tacrv, tscepaBHo ogapeaulul pe6euox 6y4er r{yBCTBosarn ce6.rryulep6Htrlr npu o6uleHnu c o6srxsoBerrHr,rMn ACTbMPI.
llpo6aeaaodapennoeo pe6ettKaumeenu ofipanttyto
Cnopotly. Kax nparNno, raxofi pe6eHox Havuftraer noJry_ vaft, o6pasoBaHHeB T?IIpFTHOM KOtrneKIrlBc,rAe el.o oAn_
peHHOCTb BOCIIpI4HLIMAeTCs. OCTaIr,r{brMU neTbMV KaK r{To-T'o HenpaBtrnbHoe H rreo6uqrroe. lonopa npoclbrM .rr3brKoM, pe6euxa, rotoptrrl, K npaMep),, rroKa3brBaer CISIOHHOCTI'I( MaTeMaTlIKe, npHHr4.N{arOTCrlpanUrr. grO, B cBOK) oqepeAb, oKaxer rrJroxoe Brfi7flHne ua eopunpo_ BaF{Her{e roJIbKo er.o nuqHocrr{, Ho H nr4qHocrefi rex, rro ero o5uxal. Huxro He crropr.rr o roM, qro BDKrro KaK r!{o)KHopaHb_ rxe pacKpbrrb vrH4plBLr4yanbHbrecnoco6rrocra MaJreHb_ Koro qenosexa. V.{e6Hue noco6u.fl Aon)Krrbr /IocrynHo, HHTepecHo u npo
Frocrr.r. fapaonuunoepagsanaeAattttocma - 3ro ror ca-
uufi noleHr\var, H3 KoToporo B AanbHefirueu qeroBex 6yge'r 3aHMCTRoBarb peq,pcbr vt l\rrfl cBoero tpoeeccuoI{aJIbHOfO pA3BLiTljs, LI lt\Jrlrpa3Rl/lTl1rflyNlCTBeHHbrx cflo_ co6Hocreli.
oSpaulaxc:.x npo6aemam cospemettflo(i ulKuAbt, nyu<-
r{o olMef'prrb rol Qaxr, qro c Bo3pacroM wogwewlvt_ pyeTcr caMoco3Har{}reJrprqHocTH MaJreHbKofoqeloBeKa, qTo rIpaKTHr{ecKHHe yrr}rTF,rBaeTcrr MrrotHML{ neAal.ota_ nn n cQepe o6p:r:;onarrl{r KaKqaclu corluanb}rofi crpvx_ 'rypbr.
$aPerz.,t-trf) e^ a e<
47ft
C &rypacno,uHr/i/cuorrc mottt4o no}uu"/trambcJro:]xnocmoypo4tn ofywnun, uo u &u0ou;,uernmt npu\ 4uzec4ui cmamgcpefeu4z. *P) He acer4aganHairnpo6leua oco3Hae.rcsB norHor4 Me_ pe. tr4crurrcveHuecocraBJr.rrrorJrurrrboco6ue rrporp aMMbr pa3BzBaroqero o61"reuraR.Bslurecxa3aHHoeHe 3HaqHT, vro o6yraour4ec.fl AoJDKHbT caMocroqreJrbHo )mpaBnrrb npoqeccoM o6pazonauux. Bce xe HIDKHoco3AaBarbB rrrKoJrbr{oMKonJreKTHseo6_ craHoBny, Koroparr nol{o)Ker AerflM rroHrrrb, vro o61ue_ uue o6paqeHo K lr,r4MCaMnMytH.arurtec.tByer B o6rqecrne HMeHHo p"lrnl:lax.B erou 3aK[roqaerc, npr4HrlunrlanbHarr pa3HHL\arrrKoJrbnoroo6pasonaHun u o6yteHhfl. B uHCTr4_ Tyre wrw yHHBepcHTeTe,fAe r{aqzxcq opHeHTr,rp}roTHa B3pocJrlro nr4qHocrb. tr4ueuno DTa Jrr4r{HocrbB nepBvro or{epeAb o6ssaua npao6pecrz ycraHoBleunslri o6teu npoQecclloHaJrbrrbrxceegeuzfi H HaBbrKoB. I4s scero BbrrrrecKa3aHHoroHarrpaIrrrlBaercn cJreAlro_ : r'rHTerrJreKT rynfi SblSOd H lrr4urlanya-rrbnbreMbrcJrHTeJrbHbre cnoco6socrpr Morlr KaK HacneAoBarbc.rr,Ta:x wpa3_ BuBarbc_s.Ho rtz.{Hocrb flBn_sercqqucr,o collplaJrbHbrM npoAlr(ToM. B 1937 r'. f. Ownopr Ha3brBaer cnoeodpasFr)ro cno_ co6uocrl (coquanlHbt:l, 4lap) qeJroBeKa/laBat,bror{Hyro xapaKTepr{cTH}ryrroA_r{M,npeAcKa3brBaTbr4x noBeAeHHe H BCT)maTb B aAeKBaTI rbre Me){grHqr{ocTHbre
B3aLTMOOTHO_
rrreHrzr CO4AAAbil6l/|lUl n etuleKnoll. L4w6r,rl onpegelerr qepT /IHIIHOCTH,KOTOpr,renOMOfaIoT,nyqIIIc KONITIJICKI' roH.flTb /{pyrax moge:fi.ll cnacxe 3Tlzx KaqecrB cou,HaJrb_ nnrui nnrermexr rlzilpupyer B Kaqecrtseor4eltuorl cno_ co6Hocrpr. To.nr,rolaurr, e 1960-e ft: yr{eHbtenpe/JcTaBrurrorl,pyAbr, B KOTOpbIXOIII4CbIBaIOTC;T COLIHaJil)trr)rc yMCrrHrrr4 KOMM}Hr{KaratsHbre cnoco6uocrlr. B aln r.o/lbr \,ect rr)rc unJror_ Hyxl noAorilnu K rz3y{eHrzrc npodleMbr corlna.rlr,rrctri nep_ qenrlr4u. He ocrutacb 6es Hx BHHMaHnn r.r rrpo6lenra ror{u N{aHr{r JrroAbMHApyr Ap}r-a. H ayvHtre pa 6orHuxr.r ue
0{6r., #
saQe?ut.rrr2€44eu
KuHsrroHo
ocTaBn.rrK)T IIOnbrToK co3AaTb MeToAUKV HCCIeTXOBaHHq npI4pOALI Iz CTp\.I(TypbI COq?I aJIbHOf O LIHTe IIIIeKT a, OCHO BbrBa.flcb Ha )rKe nonr{eHHbrx AaHrjbrx.
Ilepnsrfi sanqLll'nft. (gocronepusrfi) recr grts H3MepeHrtfl, col1laaJrbHoroHHTerrrreKTapaspa6otal ,AX lfurQopg. A coqna-nnHstl/'urtretleKT paccMarpvBancs,r,rMKaKcr.tcl'eN{ayMcrBer{Hbrxcnoco6rroctefi, Koropbre He 3aBvc.f,Tor v :rraBbr:rra nocrr4xeHr,tfl no)poBH.fl o6rqero HHTeJrJreKTa tseAeHqecKorizHQop Marfvtv. O 6tUas, MoAenb crpy(Typbr HHTeJrneKTa [x. fti,rQopAa no3Borrfl,na]43Mepwrbr,rMeHHo couuaJIbHbrrZanrellert. B 1980-e n. [, Kmunrou 6ut paspa6oraH Tecr, c roMonlbro Koropofo Mox(Ho 6Hro sbrcra3arb MHeHue o6 ),pOBHe HpaBCTBeHHOTO LIJIH MOp aJIbHOI'O M bIIIUIeHLI.fl qe-
rroBeKa.M. @op4u M. Tncax 3a ocHoBy Lr3MepeHH.s )poBHs corlHaJrbHoro HHTerrJreKTa B3trilv ycnerxHoe perxeHHe npo6lelruux cur,varfwit. Ottu ilocrapurncb AoHecrH Ao ocTaJrbHF,rx ror Qarr" qTo cotlrz2urlrrlui HHTeJUIeKT trBj|lg.eT co6oit AoBoJIbHoqerKo oqeprreHrrFo Lr.rapMoHr4qrr)noKaTefopuro MeHTaJrbHbrx cnoco6nocreli, xoropbre nprlxoAsr Ha rroMorqb npr4 o6pa6orxe collzaJrbHori auQopuar\ur4. 3ta xe rpynna cnoco6rrocreft xapgwuaJrbHoorrvqae"rctr or rex cnoco6nocreri, xoropbre -aBmlorcr ocuonofi glx 6olee Qopuantrroro MbrrrrJreHn.s. Ero sosN{ox(HocrLr MOIKHO OTIeHATb C nOMOrrIbrO TecTOB aKaAeMuqecKofo HHTCJIJICKTA.
H, Ksmop
oro)KgecrBnqer couuant ttttfr. HrrrenJreKT
c KofrrI,rTI,lBHbrMH HaBbrKaMH,C TTOMOUIbTO KOTOpbrx [tonl4 rzMelor Bo3Mo)ItHocrb BocrrpuHLrMarb co6urn.s coquanbuopi xasHri, c Mancr4ua-nnnoli nuraHo:/' norteori. cBo.4t HeO)KHAaHHOCTT4 K MHHHMVMy Kar paa cneqnQzvecKlre oco6eHsocrr corJrrarbHoro HHTenneKTa, /lHHaMHqHocrb ero )'lorpe6r'elr.us. H crTvaLIHH, Kolopbre HanpaBrTeHbr rra npuo6pereHue onbrra u elo orpa6orKy, r,rAalor Bo3Moxrroclb qeroBeKy a1anrvpoBarbc.fi K )Kr43HeHr{brMYc.rroRunN,r.OcuogorroJlaranqn MH
COCTaBJLSIOUIHMH
COIIHaJIbI I()l'O
HI ITe.[JIeKTa
MOX(HO
Ha3Barbcnoco6rrocrb K perrreuHxl rrpaKTr,rqecKax 3a.4aq, nep6alurr,rc crroc'ofrrroc'lHn cottuanbr-t1roKoM[ereHTHOCl'b.
&, ^+t+7fr
!4x loro qro6u Bbrrclrulb MHeHrure o6.rqHr,rx r*nao-G ocorlzaJ'rbHoNrr{HTeJrJrexre. P. Ilhepn6epr n 1991 r. npo_ Ben HccJreAoBaHVe. Ero pes.vnr,rarbrnoKa3aru, qro nrorrl IIOHLIM aIOT nOA COIIHanbHbIM
HTITeJI'IeKIOM CIen\,TOrrIee.
qenoseKa t. Cnoco6aocnb ycneattotteeAunr'peueaue
np AKn Uqe CKU(Udaq..Ihogr n npucyilIa nolHKa paccpKneIJLtir, 3 npaBoMbrcJlHe, oHr4 3aMeqa roT' BCe acrreKTbl 3ana\Lv, cnoco6Hu r'pr4HuMarb BepHoe perlleHr4e, H3yr{aror no,4JIHHHbIe r.ICTOrrHr.rKLI3rIaqHMofo Infl. H]/lX MraTepvana, BHnMaTe.rrbHoBbrcnyuvBaeT BCeAOBOAbT U"t. I.
z. 8ep6arcaue ilasuKu, yeroaex .flcHo BbrpaKaercBor4
qeTKonporotsapHBaflCnotsa, MErCtrr4, )'f,cHreTcMbrcJITOrO, rrro [por{HTaJr, r4Meer B cBoeM pacnopffKeuuu 6orarttfr clonaprrsrii 3anac, He 3arpy/qHflercs.npu r43nox(eHuvrper{H B rILrcbMeHHoM BHAe,npl4 o6rqeHrauc JI}oAbMHa:r..Tu_ BeH H T. A.
ocsedo/neilttocn; (Cn, verosex cno3. Coquaaeaan
co6eu npvrHnMalb oKppKaronIHX TaKHMH, KaKr4e oHH ecTb, BoBpeM.rrsBJI.seTcg.Ha Ha3HaqeHHbre BCTper{H, npeA_ raraer [paBaJrbHbre Bepcpta n coo6paxeril4s, c q],T_ KOCTbTOH rroHHMaHHeM OTHOCT,ITCT{ K rlyx4aM rr \<ena_ r{HflM oKp}D{eroqux lro4eli, eMV [pHCyuIr4 nbrrtr[Bocrb, UJwpoKI"{n Kpyr HHTepecoR H T. A. P. tllrepH6epf )Ke BbrrBHJrogHy oco6eHHocrb: r{eprbr, KOTOpbTMHxapaKTepH3)'ro1' TOJTKOBO|OtreroBeKa, B TeX caryar,U4flx, KofAa o[HcbrBaror aKaAeMa.{ecxaft vLrrerr_ JIeKT, 3aMeTHO He floxo4r4.trld rra xapaK.r'epvcTu(]1L noJry_ r{r4Brrrnecfl rrpa oilHcarrr{r{ rroBCeAHeBHoro (nparrave_ cKoro, cor ltranbrroro) uHrellexra Hanu'ilae corlnanbHoro HHTeJIJTeKT'a3arracry'Io rIpHpaBHHBaK)T n MvApocnr. Moxno nH paccNrarpaBarb cotlua;rtur.;rft HHTentreKT KaK caMocroqrerbuoe .ss.[eHrre? Eue 9. Ton4afrx MFroro roBopHn o roM, qro coquanbnuii unreJrrreKT Mo)Kuo cqrTarb ocodulr KaqecrBo, o'rAenHB ero ol o6H*{rroro r4FrleJIneKTa.Hexoropbre aBTopu (KaruHr, lulQop4) cvHram.r npHc\'.r,c.lr]tie corlnarbHoI'o HHTetrJreKTa caMoc.t'o.flT'eJrbrro crltoltwu.rponau_ Hoii rplmnoli uesra.irbHbrx cnoco6rroclefi, a(tco.lrrorHo He3aBlrcflqux or aKaAeMaqecxoro alu eoplrajrbr-roro aHTenJre(Ta. fittanasoHoM BJraAeHl,z'scorfr4a-nbHbrMr.rrrrer-
?s
oq6rq
SApeaunrt)a44ep,_K\+/W , ry
ruraqKcrHd
rreKToM, fl o npeAcra nleuzrc fx. firrt Qopga 1 flBJrAer cfl. 3HaHLIe TOI'O, KaK BOCIIpAHI4MAK)T MI4p, O r{eM MbIC-IIIT, r{efo )KC'IAIOT I,I I{TO I{}tsCTB}'IOT, KAK HACTPOCHbI JII.OAH,IA U CA}{
r{eroBeK - oSterr AaHHoro HccneAoBauwn.Hacronulwk acfreKTMo)r(Hor{3Mepr4Tbc noMorqbro TecTaHa cor]l4aJlb-H}tO nepuenru4ro. EeccuopHo oAHo: o6tslvtfi HH'reJrrreKTv coqzarlnsrri lrHTeJUreKrclrrlecrBFor B TecHorZB3aHMocBs3H.
T,IHTEMEKT 3.6. BO3PACTHOI{ 0co6eanocnusnpacmtoeoaflmerueKnd- ero Bonpoc BecbMacnopHr'rri r4 HeoAHo3naqsuri. Tp,v/1uocruB r{3y19HLrI.rBo3pacrHol'o HHTe.ruIeKTa o61'croueHa reM, r{To pa3r{bre ya{eHbrenu6uparor cJrrarrrKoNr He noxo)Kr.reAp}T Ha Aplra MeroAHqecKHe noAxoAbr, orHocflx\vecfl nQ)rrAaMeHTaJrbHbrM ocHoBaMrury6oxoro, o6o6qeHrrofo ocMbrc* relsvnr p$ynriraroB r{ala{Horo r4ccJreAotsaHrg... B 1982 r. qro cHr.DKeHHe prHTeJurercra, AAnac-nsa rrpnrrrJraK BbrBoAV, cBq3aHlloe c Bo3pacTHbIMfIoKa3aTeJreM,Ha ca}loM AeJre ecTb pe3vn[iTaI pa3nwilt* Me)4(4ynoKoneHr.nrMH. B noclegHne neplroAbr )KH3HHr{eJroBeKacraHoBr4Tcrr nau6olee 3aMerHo Brrvrfl:e,tre ua IQ cocro.rrHu.fl3AopoBbr. Vqenr,le o6Hapvruru, qro npoucxoAuT oc.na6rer:me lz'HTeJrJreKTa B Bo3pacrHorl rpyrrne or 60 go 69 rer y ruogefi c [oRL'rrueHHbrMapTepr4a.rrbrfbrM vqerinrux AaBJrer{r4eM. TaKXe ycr:trroBJreHbrcBs3r4IQ r.r c ilpytL'tvrr4@rasuoloraqecKHMH HHAHKaTOpaNfl{.
3.7.AUqHOCTHbTfr UHTEAEKT V. Cttupuen B cBoux pa6orax BbrAeJrprJr oco6euuocru xa pa KTepa, KoTopbre oilpeile,rrflroT r{HTeueKT}/aJrbr loe cnoeo6pasr.re. llos4uee P, Kerretat onpeAerrnn B3aHMocB-s3buHTenneKTa c rracroriqr.rnocttro, go6pocoaecr'HOCTbTO, CaMoyBepeHHOCTbrO r.1rraxoAr{uBocl'bro. Kax :apy(re'rxrrt rc, TAK['r olerJecrBeHHbreyr{e}{bre,npotsoA-rrrrccJrc/lots:lr{r1n, o6rraptxtruru qerrgro cBr3b r4HTerr-
JIeKTaCJIHr{HOCTrrur.rnoco6eHHOCTr}4 H. 14naenuo ncrarcr"tll raxo{t t4HTerureKr Ha3brBaerct rur{Hocilrrrlt. yqenuna qro cgorlcrBa JrnrrHocrHoro xaparcTepa 3aBVr_ AoKa3arro, c-rrr or o6rqero pa3Bvrrvtr t4HTerrreKTa, a norpe6uocrr.r, uAea"rrbrH Hr{Tepecbr r{eJroBeKa (llrvrrocrul) 4aror onpeAe_ NCFII.jC AKTI4 BHOCTH
AHTCJIJICI(TA.
B I9B2 r. Kenanaftzeo6Haplxula cBrr3r4 MOKAyHHTeir_ reKloM, xoroplrri 6srl zsuepeFr c rrc2Morqoro WAIS,r,raMoqlr oHaJrbHbrMcoct.o.sHlaeu.OHa npoBelt a recrLr poB aHr4e, pe3ynBIZlTLI KOTOpOrO ilOKA3AIIkI, r{TO OTITHM ]grcTbr U )KH3He-
paAocrHbre nroEu Aaranv sau6 o n ee Bbrc o KHe p e 3yn br a_ Tbr B orBeraxua Bonpocbl aep6a-nnuoro xapar{Tepa,a rw_ [w, nepe]KnBarorque crpecc 14Aenpeccno, nao6opor, Ha nenep6alsHbre recrbr. flolHocrr,p y{ecrb B3aHMoB,rr}rfl,HHe Mexgy naq_ Hocrbro vt vtHTenreKryaJrbHbrMzcnoco6uocrfl N{r4HeBo3_ Mo)r(Ho.O4uaxo ruqHocrrrbre KaqecrBa Heo6xo4uubr Nrfl. orIeHKH rzHTeJrrreKTa, oco6eHHo Mx roro, qro6br cyMerb [peAcKa3arb cJreAyroilIrzfilponeu b pa3Brl"tHrrHHTenJreKTa.
g,peao,t-.oon++>Z*
fnaea4. TECTbt, hCnOAb3yEMbtE B h 3MEPEH|"1|,.1'.1HT EME KTA 4.1. qTO il3r.lEP9lOTTECTbII,IHTEMEKTA flcraxorornqecKa.fl [varHocruKa yMcrBeHnsrx cnoco6Hoc elZr€KHay€ rryuo6petn 3a nocJre,4Hue2O Jrer orpoMH''ro nonyJr.rrpHocrbcpeAu pa3JrvqHbrx o6nactefi ncr4xororar{ecKofisayxw. 3ra npo6reua ocBeqeHa s 6oruuol{ Korr4qecrBe MoHorpaQuvecxprx rpy,4o B, rrp aKTr{q ec KHx rr HcrpynqzlZ, ueToAaqecxr4x noco6url kr r. A. Cnet\uanwcrbr cr{HTaror caMbrMJr) {IrrHM noco6ne no ncxxoAr4afHocruKe, lr'anr4caHHoe Asnoft Attacra3w, rroA Ha3BaHpreu<.llcuxoJroruqecKoerecrnpoBanHe>.O,raKHr4raMHoroKparHo nepeu3IABAJTaCbB pa3Hbrx CTpAHAXMIIpA. V.rennre BbrAerqror orAeJrbHL,reo6qae no.[o)KeHr4q, Ko Topbre r,rMeroT npqMoe oTHorrreHHe K /Ir{arHocTHKe yMu paopa6orxe recroB arrreJrcrBeHrrbrx cnoco6nocreit JICKTA. ts npoqecce paspa6omz ro6ux ncuxoAprarHocrr,rqecKr.rx recroB yr{eHbre BbrAeJr.rrrorhp( thdnd: 1) nogpo6rttsfr. anutuz roir AnarHocrr4.{ecxori npo6neMbr, Koropax rpe6lrer perxeHaq; 2) rrenocpeAcrBeHr{oe co3AaFrr4erecra; J) noa6op sa;\anuh.
HaqHen c aflaiuga duaeaocnu.tecKo(inpo6^e/nu. Ha 4aHHon 3Tarre cnerlnaJrucT-ncuxonor Qoplryulrp,ver' npo6reuHuri nonpoc: r{To or{ co6lrpaercfl /IHarFrocrr4poBaTb, Kaq,To rrcHxr4r{ecK}To.{epTy |IpeArlonafael' r43Mepurn. Peureurre eroft npo6reurr Mox(Ho luafi'tu, H3) {HB pa3nr.rqHbreKoHr1enqur4o npo6leuax rzHTenJrexra. Cnerfvilinct r{o)Ker BocrroJlb3ollarbc.fiorHorz H3 HaJrHqecrB\.roilIrrx. Ecrrw owa ero He ycrpaHBaer, ro paspa6arbrBaer cBoK). B rpoqecce pa6nrnr Bo3urzKae'l'no[poc,KaKr,re MeroAbr Hcrrorrb:loRa'r'b l rl)H rr3lrepenuu HrrleJIJIeKTa. trItr efo pe[reHr.lrruccJre/loBA'r'grLl'Jrrarrh3HpyroT Ha TeopeTHqecKoM
Y"
)poBHe Bce AocToHHCTBa r4 He.qOCTaTKHH3BeCTHbTXHayr{HoMy Mr.rpy MeroAHK. 6r,reaet tax, r{To MeroAbr, Lr3BecrHble ua gar{urti't MoMeHT, He ycTpavBaeT SKcnepr,rMeHTaTopa no KaKr4M-ro a6crparrHbrM riurlr nparcrIzqecKuM cy)KAeHr4rrM,H oH HaqvHaer paspa6arbrBarb cson co6crBeHHbre cnoco6u H3y'ieHr4.rr. 9ro6ur orBerzrb Ha Borrpocbr, Bo3HlrKaroque B npoqecce pa6oru, rr,\rlrHo onprparbcr Ha AaHHyro Haf{HonpaKTrzqecrpo npo6leMy v pe3y/rlirarbr ee uccJreAoBaHt4s, KOTOpbIe MO)KHOtr3MertflTb, HO HI,I B KOeM CJryqae He
npeue6perarbero. Hacruta oqepeAbBToporo ?Taua.3gect, co6crnerrHo, v l:aqvuaerc.s
HenocpeACTBeHHa.rr pa6ora Ha,qco3.qaHueM
recra kttffi(i uflcnpynefln n gauuon crrr{ae - HHTyvrTHBHoe qyBcrBo caMoro r4ccneAoBareJrr,HaKorueHnuri orrbrr Ko/uef, a rarcKe 3HaHlz,flonpeAeJreHsux oco6euuocreli or4erruofi HHTennexTyatasoit AerrenbHocrn. flcrzxolorn, KaK npaBHJIo,orrairKHBarorcq or IIHCTHHKTrzBHoro coo6pareHr4fl rro noBo,qy H3oMopOH3MaBHlrpeHHero (ueura-nlHoro) u BHerrrHero(uoropHo-nepqenrunHoro) Morr.r8oBllei4crswfl.v aHarrorvu MOKAyr'rtMr4. KaxAuri ncr4xoJroru.recrurl MeroA, c noMorrlbro Koroporo npoBo4uTcn Ar4alHocTr4KaHHTerureKTanrn naprllraJrbHbrxcnoco6uocreit, r.nnr,ercn sagauefi (nce paauo rarorl - nrpoeolZ, yre6noft Hil4 Tpyt\oeorZ),onpeAeneHuori uogelbro cvrcyar\vtH,Kolopa.s Mo)Ker Bcrperr.trbc.flHa qerroBeqecroli xugnz. nporffKeHzvt o6uxuoseuuofi Bnerunqs HaAOKHocrbrecroBbrx zaganwfi (ncuxolorn Ha3brBa ror ec oKoJrorn.{ecxofiBaJr r4AHocrlrc) ra x-nrcv aerC.fi B COOTBeTCTBI4H STHX CaMbIx TeCTOBrIX lrnpa;nHeHIzlZ
t oit no gt urrnorl )Kr{3HeHHolinpo6nelre, Koroparr BbrcryfiATA
B KAI{CCTBC I]POTOTHTIA
Mg.
TCCTA.
Tenepr o6paruncx K BHlrpeHHeit r,aru4Hocrpr, Koropa.rr,KaK npaBHJro,AOJDKHa cooTBeTcTBoBaTbnporleA)pe h3MepeHH.rronpeAeJreH Hrtx c eoricre. Ora xapaKTepr4crr4 Ka TecTa 3aBldcLl',tOT tHIrOTe3br rlccJrei(Oue',fer-s. KOTOpbrfi qTo KaK pa3 npr4 pe[re ]rrlH rlpc/loc'r'aBrleHrrpeAnoJro)Kr4Jr, r t<-tit sagauu qenoBeK AotDKeH HcrroJrb3oBalb H MeroilIr4ecs v rrero ncr{xr{t{ecKze cBorzcrBa o[peAereHHoro l )l t3R H TH _S .
]poBH.rr
o{6rq *
saPeaauro€4{e-.
kuHsrrrt",o 9ro6u ilpaBunbHo H ToqHo oxapaKTepu3oBarb ro ceoricrno, Koropoe nuSpal ncuxonol c r4clrbrryerrbrM MO;inHOTOJTbKO JI,trrrb IIpoBecTr4 orrpeAeJreHur,rii zHc.rpr.,rc_ rax. Kpolre roro, HccreAoBarenb Moxer ur4Hr4TbrrperurrcTBLrfl.Ha nyil4 BepHOfO perxeHH_rr:3aTp)arrsTb ilepBr,rq_ tttsit aualu3 MarepvaJra v ycnoBnft sagau. B pesynr,rare AorronHr.rTeJrbHbrx npef paA rroBbrlr aeTc.fl ypoBeHb cnox_ HOCTH3MAHVU, CO3AaTOTCg AoronHHTenF,rrbre TpyAHocTH. Ho sce nperrflTCTBLIfl Mo)ICFroco3,4aBarb, nHIrIb y.uurbrriatr H aJrr4que r t\fetw*toii aHaJrotr4r4 Mex(4y BHe rrrHHM 14H BHlrpeHHr4MH ilraHavl,r' oSpaqeHl.ra. Eclru uccneAoBareJrb co3HarerbHo rroBbrrrratr rpyAHocrb 3agauuh, To y Hc[brryeMoro cyrqecTByeT JrHrrrboAHa Bo3Mo)r(Hocrb c HHMH cnpaBzTbcfi - Brgrroqurs n pa6ory cBor4 cnoco6nocru. [arcwah yreHuri T, pem npeAnoJro)KHJr,r{To }poBerrb rpyAHocr}r sagauuit H ypoBeHb onpeAe_ JreHrrbrx cnoco6Hocrefi aclr,rryeMoro He cBfl3aHbr Apyf c ApyroM. Ha ocnose arHX npe,r{froJro)KeHuli yveuufi B 1952 r. paepa6oraJr cBoro MoAenb recra. Mo4ent pacnoJratAeT AByMfl OCHOBHbTMHBepcr,rfl Mri: Mynbit'uwtr4KA"ruBHoi4 H amwrnnuofi. B coorsercrBr4u c e'rorZ MoAeJrbro BepHoe perxeHr4e Tecro Bbrx sagawuh o6.vcloena Baercq leratturvneMwrv Bbr_ coKoro \poBHs pa3ra,rnfl cnoco6Hocrefr., tzlu HeAocra_ TOr{HO CJrO)KHbrXAJUrperxeHnf. 3a4aq. Cyrlecrnyer cnerlr4aJrbHafl nurepa,rypa c onvcaHr4eM KoM[brorepHbrx aJrropr,trMoB u pazpa5orauHbrx npor_ paMM, c noMorrlbro KoTopbrx, yqr4TbrBasr3MnHpr{trecKr4e pe_ 3yJrrjrarbr, Mo)KHo paccqaTarb o6r,etcrueHlro cJro)KHocrrl 3a4a'lu, a rarcKe cnoco6soctr4 KaXAoro acnbrryeMoro. Caivr L Pam o6parwrctr R ceoefi MoAeJrr4,KorAa :,;ra.rr.aJr paspa6orqr raK Ha3brBaeMbrx :r..pnrepvarbHbrx recroB. I,Ilrenso B aror rrepuoA oH Brlen rroB),ro eAHHHTIy r43Mepelur4tr -.rrorr4l'. C ee nonouqbro c[er]r4aJracTbr u3Mep_sror no eArrHorz rrrKaJrer{ ypoBeHb clro)nFrocrH 3ailaqr4 14ypoBeHb pa3Bla"tufl cnoco6HocrelZ ucnr,nve ivrbrx. B. C. Asanecon BHec npeAn6xerrrre rrpzMerurrb HeCKoJIL,KO Bapr4aHTOBMOAenr4Paura: l) iuo4elr,, Kot()pttr [oApa3yMer]aer BepoqrHocrb orfa_ AbrBLIrlLlHBepr rol.() perrreHHrr;
G -K4iry1*
u
2) lroge.nn 6onee crro)KHyro.r{oropas f{r4TbrBaer B3aHMo-
CBfl3b I,IC)KA)/\'CnCIIIHLIM HCXOAOI{ LrCfIbrTaHH_rI }I ypOBHeM pa3BHTH_sonpeAeneHHbrx cnoco6uocreri. LI sce )fie rroAco3HareJrbr{o rc p{xoJrorn, Hasnr rafl p a6c.l'ry HaA co3AaHVeM TeCTa, HeH3Mer{HO COC-rAF.Jrsrru 3al\a_ HlIl C TaKHM \ leTOM, qrO6sr 6ltlta goStrOx(HOCTr, RapbvpotsaHlilr cnoxHocl'rr. OHlz palotatm vr :e^al\T,eM, qag6o, 3a4aHvrn ilo3Borrflnn H3MepHTb rre 6o;lee oAHoii cnoco6_ HOCT'H.
Ha rperseu arane pa3pa6or,xn recr.ayr{eHr,re3aHuMarorcx nul6paxonxorl HenpvroAHbrx 3ayaHuh, a ae co3Aaror ux. kI reM He MeHee p:a:'r:aaflcrl1r4tr rpaAHUHorrHo cqnTaercfl ocrrosHorl npu pa6ore HaA co3AaHHeNrrecra. Ha aroirr DTane npuMeHrrerca Bce rrarnqecrBlrolrlue Ha gauur'th MoMeHT 3Mn HpprKo- cr a-fLrc-tu,.tecxue KoHqerr rIHH TeCTOR, KOTOpbrenpe/IHa3Har{aK)Tcrr Arq oqeHHBa_ HVfl, BAJILqHOCTH H HaAOKT{OCTr TecTa 143anAqj BXOA.SIqHX B CfO COCTAB.
lonopx o BanHAFroc^t14T ecr a, Iry)KHo lrcxo/lr{Tb H3 Toro, qTo ero 3aAaHHn npl43BaHbr Aa'l'b orleHr(y HMeHHO1'OrOKa_ qecrBa, Anr oilpeAeJrerrar Kot'oporo paspa6arurBalrcrr rec, . flo troBoily BaJIIlrArrocrH T'ex r4Irkr r4*brx t{HTetIJreK'rya;rbHbrxrecroR Bo3Hur(uro MHofo tsonpocoB. Kax uoxrro olpeAerrHTb. qTo 3a\aHutr, npeivro)Ker{Hbre lurfl Lr3Mepe_ rrlrfl ypoBHs uHTerurexra, geircr-BuTcJrbr{o Mory-l. Ilarb orleHky ),poBHro pa3Rr.t Lrfl yMcrBeHHbrx cnoco6nocrefi ? l43aecluo, qro pa3rroo6pasrtre r,ecrbr Ha BbrflBJreHHe ypoBHr{ trHTeJUreKTanMeror e csoefi ocHoBe oAHy n3 Teol)HA r.rHTerJreKla.IrI relr He MeHee rra oLIeHhT Blvfl.er H.ro, tl'l'O
\ :IeHbIe
He ilpHIIIJIII
l( CAHTION{V r,-tr{C}II{rO O TOM, qTO
)Kc raKoe HHTeJTneKT H rrro lxolln.r'u cl'() c.r'pyr<.rvpy.Kpo_ MC ',l'O|O,JIIOATT, npHrraAile)(eilIHe K pa3HbrM ruraccoBbrM lr :)'r'IlHr{ecKl4ivlrp}TIIIaM, TOX(e MOI),'T rroKa3a'rr, pa3Hble l)c:tvJlrirarbr. Ho unxorga HeJlb3.flcyAHTb o cnoco(tuocrqx
o{6r'q
!s
kuHqrc(rHd
rretloBeKa, ecJIH oH noJr\,t{r4n HH3KAe 6annu 3a BbrfIoJIHeHF{bre3anaH'ufl. Oneparlzr Ha [poBepKy BaJrr4AHocrLr u HaAe)KHocrr4, oAHopoAHocrv 3aryaHuri npe4craBJr.rrer co6or1 or6op ptn recta H BbrqBreHae AoKa3areJrbcrB Toro, yrpa:rHeHlrit r{To AaHHbrrZ tecr HMeer Heo6xoganr,li yponeHb KaqecTBa. ro npor.rcxoAHT nocJre 3aMeHbr zagauuit, Hx BuIoH3MeHeHprq, a TarcKe H3MeHeHH.f,CaMOTOnpoqecca TecTHpoBallus. u o6pa6orKr.r noryqeHHbrx AaI{Hbrx. Bce uneroqr4ecfl Tecrbr Ha BbrqBreHne ypoBHs, vHTerr.rreKTar{eHbre ycnoBHo pas6unuHa ABe rp}irrnbr: 1) recrrr Ha BbrrBneHue )poBH.rr cKopocrr.r; 2) ypoaueebre recrbr. flpu npose AeHr4LrHccJreAoBauufi npw [oMorrIH TecroB nepnofi rplrrnbr rpaKTnr(yerc.fl crporuir nwvur BpeMeHH. Ecru vcnoJrb3),ror recrbr nropofi fpy[nbr, To BBoAZTcfl se6o;rlruoe orpaHuqeHae BpeMeHH Ha BbrnonHeHr{e 3ai\ar:Llla 3'roro recra utw cy6recra. A ocHoBH)ro cJro)KHocrb Mn ucfibr"tyeMoro npeACTaBJUror cneqaQHqecKne ynpalKHeHwa. tr4wot'ga nonaAaro"tcfl Tanlze BapvarTbr TecToB, r/Ie BcTpeqaroTc_s tsbrrxe)Ka3aHHbre BHAbr TpVAHOCTeIZ. B cocras raK Ha3brBaeMbrx recroB cKopocla BxoAr4T HecKoJrbKo oAHoTHnHbIX H CXOAHbTXrro CTeneHH Tp.VAHOCTH3AJ.Aq. I4cnr,rlelrouy ueo6xoAtrMo safnn BepHoe peureHne 3al\as 3a ycraHoBJreFrHoe BpeM.rr.Korn.{ec'rso BepHo perxer{Hbrx 3ap:.v 6,v4er .rrBrsrbcr KpHTepHeM yc[eilrHofo npoxo)rQrleHH.s TecTHpoBArrvts.. flpu ntrnonme:uvu vpolHeBbrx recroB, KaK rrpaBr4jro, BpeM.rr, Koropoe [peAJraruercq HcnbrrveMoMy grr padoTbr, c)4rlecT'Rer{rro [peBocxoAr.rl' RpeMff, KOTOpOe MO]KeT qeroBer( /'IJrrrpe[IeHHq TeCToBbIx 3aTpaTr{Tbr ropMaJrL,FrF,rtr 3ail:lq.
& {-l
uh*op mzcmo7(rcezlano,qa/o(/n,zmoec.ta ze,to&e4
'rT I He HowLt pt'utL'Hue,iaAtz .1tt onpelezennoe (pd,tst, ' tlro oH Hc tnpo[furncsr t. rtu,hu au4ozi)a 6 rcu7nu.
4.2. KTONP}IAY}IbIBAET TECTbI Tecrfl Bercnepa Harqe Bcero neAarofz, ncuxotlorH H Bpar{H-ncvxvarpu n cnoefi npaKTuKe ucnoJrb3)'ror recr Berclepa - oAuH pr3caMbrx H3BecrHbrxrecroB. Ero npavacrurror K fpylne rrepcoHaJrbHbrxTecToBH Hcnotrb3\'IoTBo BpeM.flId'lI.IdBI"{AyaJlbHoro o6rqeuua rcr4xoJrora c r4crrbrryeMbrM. OcHosofi Tecra sarnercfl, MoAenbHHTeJrJreKTa,4, kxcnepa. Oror recr npHMeHJrercr Mn nnatHoc'tu](J1'o6qero HHTeJUTeKTa H BxoA.firrlt4xB ero cocraB sepSa-nsHoroA Henep6alsHof o t rHTeJrJrexros.ZcnoJrb3oBaHr4er ecr a Berc nepa ocBeqeHo B 6onee 2000 ny6rnt- TaK Ha3blBaeMbrri nospactrofi 6aptep - a6corrcrHo Herrpr4MeHUMa Mn xapaKTepHcTHKH).poBHrl14HTeJrJreKTa mpoc roto qeroBera. Muorl.re recrbr Ha BbrrIBJIeIlueVpoBH.flHHTeJIJIeKTa, a oco6er*ro c orpaHl4qeHueMBblnoJrHelrurBo BpeMeHrz,no MHeHr{roBercrepa, Morvr Bbr3Barb3arpyAHeHue np:a pa6ore c HLrMr4y rogeii npexiroHHoro Bo3pacr,'. MHoxecrso'rpaAHrdlroHHbrxrecrots coAepx€Jru BcBoeM cocraBe crepeorHrrHue gerlcrBurr co cJroBaMh!I oJreMeH'rapHbre 3al\a-vn,paspa6oraHHbre ptn gerefi. Orneprrrlm par{ee pr3BecrHbrecnoco6u rpynnupoBKr4 :tagauvit rro MHofoJrerHrzMnapaMerpau, [. Bexcrep coe1rar:vrr ts Tecre 6tuzxue no cBoeMy coAep)KaHarc cy6'lecrbl. Buy"rpu Ka;xrqolocv6r'ecra oFrp ac noJTolnvtJ | 3aqa-uu cofJraclro creneHu cJroxFrocrn. /1. Bcxcncpo\,r RnepBbre BbrCrlrru BBeAeHbIBo3pacl'Irbreloplrbr -- u()rirrlJrt'r'cJrn rroJrrfeHr{r sailauuh. Pesyllraru, noJrf{eHHbrenpu BbrnoJIHeFILIrl'l'ccroBblx :n11attuft,fl.Bexcrep coorrrocalr c rropMaMHrorl nospacr-
ftf
o-t6nq ra*qr.,tsd
s$per.urt"te44at
HOr,rfpyrrrrbr, K Koropofi otrroclrric.s Hcnbrryeuufi sa noMeHT ilpoBeprir.r ypoBr{rr nHTeJrJrenra.llepexoA K raxol:r MeroAHKeorKa3a or a6colrclt{brx rroKa3areJrelirauel nax IOJIO)KI4TCJIbHbI€ pC3)'IBTaTITI, TaK H OTpi,lllaTenbH
r,Ie.
B HacronuqeeBpeMr rrcuxo.rrorr4npuMeHrtor npA Oep-
caanecna 6aKCA€pd: 1) necn AWISC,paspa6oranrrulZ NrA vccnet\olaHun:rrH-
TeJrreKTa-!3pocnbrx;lxt4crZ B Bo3pacreor l0 4o 6_{.rrer: 2) necn y75C - An-sr43)-qeHpr;r ypoBHr{ HHTejrneKryaJrbHofo pa3Butut gereh r4 rroApocrKoB ts Bo3pacre or 6,5 no 15,5 ner: 3) necn PP5/, rpeAHa3HaveHuuli 4.rrrrecrr.tpoB a:rryrl[erefi n noapacre or 4 Ao 6,5 rrer. B Poccul.r Hcrronb3yrolcq nepBbre g.Ba:eapuarrTa r ec:r, a. Brrepnrre recr AW|SC 4nr )?oB:rifl, r4HTer"srepeHarr .rreKTa6u nrlnyqeH B cBer,B 1955 r., rroJrHocrsrc tecr 6trn orpeAaKTHpoBaHn 198 1 r: llpouuo HeMHoro BpeMeHLt, 14Tecr 6lur nprasHar{ oAHrlr{ H3 Jlyr{rxzx B fICHXoAHar.TIOCTHKC.
B Poccuz lecl Bexclepa erHoroKparHo noABepraJrcs npoqellpe nepeBoAa v ailanra\r4n. Co.rpygulzxN Casrr_ lletep6yprcKoro Ha) {Ho-HccrreAoBarenbcKoro ncr4xorreBpoJlornqecKoro lal:c.tvtr,ra HMeFrr.tB. M. bexrepena aAarrrupoBarfir, 3aryaHwsrecra AJa rrct4xoJrofoB poccwn B 1955 r. flocaegHroro 3a [pone/'Iilee BpeMr ailarrrzlr\LrK) Tec'ra npoBerz nchxoJror.r4Canrr-llerep6yprcxoro focyAapcrBeHHoro yHr-rBepcure.r'as I99I r. Tecr cocrour krs 1 1 cy6recroe. Ha :awx 6 cocraBrurror nep6arlnylo (clonecuyro) rpluny H j - Henep6alr,rrlro (Hamxgrrl'lo). B cocran nep6alrHofi lpr,nnr,r BxoA.rrrcnecy6recru. A\,lorque '
t. o06ti4,an ocsedolnnennocnu). Cocrozr vs 29 Borpo-
cos. nol,roraer ilaarHocrtapoBarb ),poBerrbgJreMerrrapHoro ua6opa 3uaHuh, )poBeHb pa3Bzr-tnflrraMflTr4ptMbrrrrreuHg. He coAepxar BonpocoB, IJrrr orBera Ha Koropbre Heo6xo;llansr oco6ue H Teoper,r{qecnr.recBe,4eHuq.3a aepHbrITorBer I,aercfl | 6ann. Cylrua 6aruron, non)^{eHHa.rr3a BbmorrreHFrbre 3a4aHwr, rotsoplt.r' o6 yponue nHTeIrrrH_ teHTHocrH qeJroncKa,a raKr>Ke o6 vponue pa3Brrrlrfl Bep_ 6arusoro Hl rl'cJrJrcKTa.
ta
Z"il6t4an noflnnlanocntrtt. Co4epxzr 14 sanauufr,aa rroHrrlr{e coflep)KaHu.speqeBoro BbrpDKeFrr{ x. fiuarl:,o crw_ pver cnoco6nocr; K caMocronre.[hHbrM c)DKAeHr.rsM, ocHoBaHHbIMHa tIHr{Hor!{orlbrTe.OrleHra saBwcvrror BepHOro peIIIeunA:O, I unut 2 6uun. 3 ?APufuilenaqecKa(ht, C nonoulso 14 saaauoxBarbrBaerc.s Klpc MareMarr4nr4u.aqafi,uolZ' urKonbr. peluenrle K 3a.4aqaMrraxo/JuTc.flycrHo. Onpegelxelcq cnoco6Hocrb K onepupoBaHv ro r{HcnoBbrMMar epnurol,r. OqeHra naerc.flBepHbIMOTBeTaM, TaKXe) {r4TbrBaeTc_fl 3aTpaqeHHoeHa BbIno,[IIeltue
BpeMfl.
4. dlaxoxdbnue cxodcnsa*.BKrrc.{aers ce6.n13 sa-
gau. l4cnttryeMoMy Heo6xo4uno o[peAenzTbr K xaxok o6ryeit Kareropwr4 orrrocqrcs ABa olpeAeJreHHbrx npeAMerA, fIoFnITb,r{To iKe HX o6teguHrer. BoIxsrqerc-a R)oBeHbtlorar{ecKofo MbrrxreFrr4fl, cnoco6nocm x a6crpalzpoBaHuro. Oqenxa BaBucHi' or KoJruqecrBa BepHbrx oTBeToB: 0.I.2 6atta. 5. enosnopeHue 4uQpa. B nepnoft cro .vacru coAep)Karcs quQpontre prAbr, KorzqecrBo rIHQp B Koropbrx ro.ne6;rercsor 3 Ao 9.I4cnanyeMoMv rreo6xogaMo irpocJry{rrarbqzQponofi pslu ycrHo ero rroB,l'opzrl. Bo eropon'racrv HaxoAffTcsplrllbr, BKtrloqarculue s ce6s qr.rQpu ol 2 go 8. I4cnlrryenufi 4olxeH rroRTopurn qaQpouoli pqA B o6parHou ilopq/IKe. flonoraer HccJre,rloBarb)tpoBeHbpa3BrrrHs oneparasHofi ilaT\tflTLl. 6.iClocapaui ianacr. Cocrozr us 42 non.srali. Tecr opr4eHTHpoBaHHa nccJreAoBaHuenep6antHbrx HaBbrKoB H yMeHlafl4aBa"rbonpeAeJreHnfrnorl^flTuxn.Zcnr,rryeMoMy H)tKrro waitr*t o6t.scrreHpre3HaqeHHqMcnoB. Cuauata 5aHrr o6qepacnpocrpaHeHHbren o6ugeuuoii pevu 10 c-too, r{x [poAoJDKeH]leMsBJrrrorcr cJreA]rotrlne 20 croe cpeAHefo )poBHq cnoxHocTr.t, H 3aRepruaroTcfrHCoK I2 oTsreqeHHo-Teoperr4qecKux rrousrwri' I4eoluponaHHo or ocraJrbHbrx crouT cy6recr *flAxoxdenud cxodcnoat llo pesynr,raraM ero BbrnorrHeHn.rr cyryl o cnoco6Hocru JrorHqccKn Mr)rc.rruTb, o6o6qaru n a6ctparupoBarb. C ro4alrn pe3lJrrrr'?'rlrlcc'l'a ct'anoBrrcq x\,)Ke. Cyorecr dpapnenun€cratfu noKa3brBaer.HacKorrbKo y'cilemHo qeroBeK Molr(eTcnpaBHTbc.flc perreHrreM 3aAaq
sr:iPeeuF{|'""ott"+4
olarq ru'rqrdFo Ha BbIqHCJIeHHe, a TaIOKe ).pOBeHE,pA3BvITuA npolr3BOnbBbInoJI I{ e Hr{s Ho ri rou qe HTp aw4vr BloT4v'aHlan.Pe sylmaru TecroBbrx saganvtit HaxoAfiTCs n npxnofi 3aBHCHMocrH or npI4HaMOKH oc'rv A o6pazosarenanpoQeccraouant*toit Horo ypoBHx. C noapacroM pe3ynrjrarbl Tecra MeHflIorc.s BXyAr[]ro cropoHy,
Cy6recr tllocnopeaue quQP,t cna6eeBcex Koppenzpyer c o6qnu HHTetIJIeKlou. Ero sag.aHufl,HanpaBJIeHbI a r ar.we o6reva KparKoBpeuesnolZ rralnlsTr4, Ha Bbr.rrBJreH xe Bexclep V sce )r(ecrerreHz aKTLrBHocrvtBH:aMal':.zIA. .{. BHec 3Tor cy6recr n nep6alttryro rplrrny. Cnofi nocqmox yreHbrrl o6tscttunTeM, qro aror cy6recr o6tagaeT onpeAelenuoli lnatuocrvt-recxoIZ IIeHHocrbIot ecrvt I4cnblryenuui rre cnoco6en noBTopHTb{ IrvQptt B np.sMoMnops.4Ke,aro roBopr{T o ero cla6oyMLlrr.. no npoCnoco6socrb K npqMoMy Bocnpol-r3BeAeHzlo H3MeHeHe3Har{IzTeJIbHbIe JIeT lrpeTep[eBaeT IrrecTBHH Hvrfl.BlryArrrlro cropoHy, a Bor npo cnoco6socrr n o6parTaKHXCnoBHe cKalKelrlb. HOMyBOCnpOr43BeAeHUIO B Heeep6a-nbH)'rorp)mny BxoA.flT5 cy6recron.
t. dttuQpoeKdftlifupoierccuacot*) t. r4cwrryeunfi
AoJDKer{rrocraBnTb rroA KDKAoli us 100 npeAno)KeHHblx rIHQp cHMBoJr,roropsui efi coorsercrByer, B TeqeHHe 1,5uuu. Ha cnequallHou 6rauKe y-I€3aHIClIotI:B BepxHerZKrerKe np.BMoyf oJrbHHKarrocraBtreHa onpeAeJleHHas quQpa, no/I KalKAofr.wg ttltx crorrr raltorl-ro cHMBoJI. flpv nr,rnorLrennv aroro cy6recra BbrflBtlsercfl )poBerII) pa3Bvrr:z,n3puTenbHo-uoropHoir KoopAuHaqzv. Heu 6omruee Korur{ecrBo rruQp ycneBaer BepHo samzQpoBarb HcnbrryeMbIIZ,TeM Bbrrrrepe3\'JrLirarbr.
aueKapn aHoK),r. z.,,lldob na p t4uedenaau'(edeepwe
Cocronr ug 27 KaprplHKH, rra Koropbrx orcyrcrByer Kaltoli - lr u 6r.,/lb 3n c Me nr. 3 a Aauust'recra BbrsBJI.rrIor)poBelrb pa3Br'ttln 3pr4r'enbHofi ua6snoipi'enbHocrr4. Bpeun nr,trr()JrHeHHqoArrofo 3anauLrfl.- 20 c.3a rpanu.nrHHli orser naercr | 6ann.
6aoroe (Ky6uru Kooc)r. 3. c,KoncnPyuposailae
Bx,ro.{aer B ce6.fl40 sayauufr..!7n rrponepaeHvrs recrupoBaHvntqeJrolcKv rIpc/Llaraercx 10 xaprouexc rpacno-6eJrbrMpr.lcyl{KoMH 9 - c xpacuo-Ctelr,rnu ro}rax{H. tr4cnr,r-
TyeMoMy Heo6xo4nno, cJreAyso6paauy', cJro)Karb H3 rry6uros onpeAeJreHuoe aso6poKeHr4e. 3agauua aroro TecTa noMoraroT AwarHocTwpoBaTbpa3BnTHeABHraTeJrbHori noopAvtHar\Hvr.9ro6sr orleHarb [oJr),qeHHbrepe3yJrbTaTbI, y{I4TbIBaIOT npaBVJIbHOCTb BbrrrOrHeHH-s H Bperwf,, 3aTpaqeHHoe Ha noprcK perxeHHJr.
KapnuflKu$.Cogepxurs ce6e 4. ^lloaedosaneAunue
B cepuli KaprHHoK.B ocuose raxgoli cepwvJre)KHTonpege;reHHnri c rcxer. KapruHxrz npeAnaratorcf, HcnbrryeMonopqAme.9erosex o6ssa\r MVB 3aBeAoMoHenpaBHJrbHoM r,rx BepHo paccTaBVTE- no nop.flAlry.3gecr BblfiRllflIoTc.fl cnoco6nocru K cocraBreHl4ro rreJroro H3 KoMnoHeHToB, oco3HaHHeo6cranoeKra, cnoco6Hocrb K aKcrp ar'o rnr\vpr. flpu oqeHHBauvrr4yarnTbrBarorcflBepHbIeorBerbl LrBpeM.a, 3aTpaqeHHoe Ha BLIIIOJIHeHI4e3AAAHW.
ofircrna krta)uoanue Queyp)u i. .Ct
I4ccnegyeruroMynperXJraraercfl4 saqasu. VeroseK AoDKeH
cnpaBHTbcq c TaKHM 3a\alH]/leMliCJIO)KHTbQOpUy XOpOlxO 3HaKOMO|O [peAMeTa H3 OT/IenbHbIx cocTaBJIsIolIlI4x p}'K}r, (npe4rraraerca zso6pa3r4Tb r{enoBer{Ka, npoQzln, sttqsr.selcq ernx 3 [aHHft cnoHa). flpu sr'rnolrHenm qeroBeKa K cocraBJle).poBeHr, pa3RLrTvrfl cnoco6nocrlr pr3 or Ko3rreMenron. Cynua6umos3aBr4cvrr HHro rl,eJroro pelxeHHf . H BepHocTI'I rr4qecTBa 3aTpar{eHHol'o BpeMeHI,I rplmntt noHenep6altHoii B o6rqerl cJro)rcHocrulecrtI MOraloT BbrflBrzTb I{e ilpocTo onpeAeJleHrrble 3Harlulf,, Ho r{eroBeKa K r.{o1'opHo-nepllenrl4BHoMy ncrroco6Hocrb vsanvogeficrBHro c npcAMeraMu BceJIeHHoIl, Koropble ero oKp)rraror. 9ra cnoco6Hocrb HMeer npqM)'Io 3aBucuMocrb or HaKoruleHHoro onblTa onpeAenerlrroli gearelbHocrn. ptttCta'rara [. Ber
o{anq ftf
9l:digerzxtttn2*a4e-. _
k.rHqKor"o
Caurru zHQoprrtalr{BrrbrMcqr4'r'aercrlcy6recr rleBep6atr'woit rpynnoi PKySura Kooc,t.llogo6Hom eny no coAeplKaHlrroMo)KHor{a3BarbcySrecr
elP,t.
Tpex BblrxeHenroxue pe3yirmarbr nplr BbrrroJrHeHHH )T€3aIIHI'lx TeCTOBnOMO)(eT [O.rq,^{HTbXOpOmO pa3Rl{'l'atl ceHcoMoropHa;r KoopALtHAL\vnt.A sor Ha YcilerrrHocrb Bbr-
norr{eHuq sagaauh iectcru c,0n cy n cn ejt rct4an den aaert u c,lfo ae dosdn e&bttu e Kapn ail Ki r clrlecrBer rHo Brrr{rr)'r'
He pa3BHTr4e Moropr{Kn, a KorHr4T'prBHbIecnoco6nocttt. C ro.{xra 3peH}r.fi Bexclepa xoponrr.{e pe3}'Jrblarbr rrocJre BbrrroJrHeHr4nsalauufr 3THx llR\x recroB o6rqcHqrolcq HAIrvqveM oilpeAeneHHofo onbrTa Bocfipr.{fl'r'r4-fl oKpy)Karorllero MLlpa. FIa urorossrrZ pe:yrrnar rrocJre reclHpoBaHLr.tr cyilIecrBeHHo Blrntrerro, KaKHe B3aur.{oorl{oilrelrlig 6}'A}"r Me)KAVnCT4XOJIO|OMH HCfrbrTVeMbrM.
Arcopunmnecnaponailainpumeptto odunaroe,nepeble 4 3a4alalnflMFrorr.rxcy6recrou nep6art,rroii rpyrrnu (nrou tu{c.ner.roKy6axos Kooco) noAro'r'oBneHbrAnt JrHrI, Koropbre noAo3peRarorcr B yMCl'BCHrroiiolclaJIocrH. B Tont cJryr{ae,ecrq r{eiroBeKHe crrpaB}Incfl c 3a,aHT'.fliMI"JOCHOBTTO|O BApLTAHTA, TO eMy npeAnataoTc_fl Brrle 3aIAHVA.
x,
nbrryeMblx. llpzvelr MlDKru4HbI L{ x(eHLIIHHr,r6H,'rH ilpeAcraBJreHbI B paBFroMKotrur{ecrBe.9'ro6lr Bbr.rrBHTb FropMHpoBaHHbreorIeHKr4n cySrecrau, [. Bexclep 6pur pe3.vJrbTarbr, Koropbre rrolr 3arr4 500 ylacrrrHxoB r4ccreAoBarrurr Zo-34-nerHero Bo3pacra. KorTa .vqacrHr4Koner,r6opxz pacnpeAeJr_s.rrH fro Bo3pacTHLrMKaTeropuqM, To yr{r4TbrBarrLr.To"rQaKr, r{To B rorroM no3pacre HHTeJTJTeKTV ilpr4c}Tila H3MeHr{HBocru. O'rroro Ayraila3oH76-24- nertntx paz6wtw Ha rpr4 Bo3pacrHbrerro,4rp)'rrnbr. Korga qeroBeK Aocrr4Taer 3peJrofo Bo3pacTa,ypoBeHb rrHTerrreKTaBuAot43MeHseTc.rr HecyulecrBeHHo.lloarorry B noArpynne 24-64-,rrerHHX BbrAenuJruqerbrpe rp)'[nbr. KorAa Hacryrraer crapocrb, Bo3pacr [aer o ce6e sHart. BcreAcreue sroro rp1,r]qv 55-75-nerHr4x pa3AerrLrrrrHa rpr4 noArp\mnbr. Kolpa fIpoBoAluII4cpe3oBbleHcnbrTar{r4rr, To BbIgcHrtIH,qTOilorgBaTeJrH)'lloBHfl HHTeJrJreKTa H3N{eH.rrrOTC_s B x}Am}TO CTOpOqeJroBexow34-ternero Bo3pacra. rry npu AocTT.DKeHHH florcasarertlr IQ n arr6opKe lrs 1700 .{eroseK o/r 16pio 64 ner (uo 4annr,ru Bercnepa)
ra
nep-
I3O n Bbrrrre
YponeHnpasBvrrr4n O.{eHL eblcoKr.rii r4HTeJI-
%r nn6opxe (Ha 1700 uer.) ))
JICKT
B npoqecce BbrnoJrrretrrfl 3ailaHuft cy6recroB Bep6am;e.oit rpvrrrrbrlec'rots Bo3Molnrro f{acrpre crreqr4a-
r 2o- 129
'II4C"|a-ilCI"lXOnOta. gonomerrr{e
1 1 0 -1 1 9
Xopourar rroplra
t6,r
9 0 - 10 9
Cpe4Hzfi ypoBeHb
50,0
8 0 -8 9
LHrDKerIHa.fl HOpMa
r 6,7
7 0 -7 9
llorpaHravHuri lponeur
6,7
B Ko ncewy,\, Berorcppacc.rr4Tar r{HAeKC Bo3pacrHoro cHr,rlKeHufl. rrt{rerrerra. ComacHo rroJry{eHrrbrr,l AaHHbrlr v.{eHr,r}i nce cy6recTbr pa3llernJr rro t'pyilnaM: CV6TeCTbr, Ha VCrIerrrHOe BbIfIOJrHer{Lre KoTopbrx rle e.rrlatrerBo3pacr. ir cy6recrtt 1 3ailalr^ufl,Koropbrx c Bo3'f b TpyAHee. pacToM RbrfroJrHfl K rrepnori rpyflle u.l.r'6t;nuolrreceHbr <.C..nonaprrl,rfi sao}tnopq/loqeHr4eQltrypo,
t-[l-vT
rv
\
I
69 H
IJI,DKC
Brrcolcn ri HFrleJrJreKT
YMctseHHHri
geQexr
\), /
)')
PacmzQpoBbrBarorpe3yirbrarbr, KaK rrpaRHrro, B TpH ?TAnA.
Ha I erane - ilpolrcxoAuT noAcqer u 4euruQpoara 6arrr'or,,KoropbreAaror xaFaItle3zcrrlKy ypoBHlo pa3Bv-
(4n
|s
oq6rq
rlrx o6n1ux r4HTeJrneKTyaJrbHbrx cnoco6nocreri, oqeHuBaror )poBeHn nep6aJ'rbHoroa uenep6aJrbHoro HHTeJTJICKTOB.
Ha II erane u!.er aHanv3 or{eHoK, no.r4,4{eHHbrx rocre BErnoJrHeHHx sagarrttft cy6recron. OHra no.fle.[_srorc.snoc Jreroro, xar 6y4yr Bbrqutc.[eHbrcoorBercrByronlue xoaeQuqueurtr. Ha III gran npr4xoAuT BpeMr KaqecrBer*roli r4HTepnpgta\HL| r4%klBqyatrbHbrx orIeHoK, KorAa HCnOnb3)'roT_ cfl AaHHbreo roM, o6patryancn rwtucnr,yryeur,ui B npoqecce HCCJTeAOBAHI,Ifl, 3a noMorrlbro K SKCnepHMelrTaTopy, o ero BHerrrHeMr4BHy"TpeHHeM COCTO.rrHpru. Cawwft o6r,r.rnr,tli Bapuar"r o6pa6orwt AaHHbrx npelcraBrnrerco6ofi nogcuer [epBoHar{arbHbrx,cbrpbrx,6uvtos rro p$y'nbraraM tsbrnonHeHvrrsaganufi KaXAoro o16recra. floc-ne DToro
flcuxoloru cqllTaror, qro caMa_flB.aN
soPe?rrnrlf€4-lo,
kuHqrorro
/& _rr4ryfu
x
Cyulra orrgroHeHprri,nor{,"renuan anre6pantuecxu, uoclaTrrasBarruecJrolcHoro cJroBapHoropa:6poca. Ee no_ Ka3aTetrbTarcKe fror{Tt4 BcerAa Ha3brBaroTHeraTHBHbrM. Earrbr, noJr) {eHHbre no cy6recry <.Clonapuuft 3anac>, 6omure Bcero noAxoA-f,T A-rtqxapaKrepucraKu ],poBH.f, pa3Bwrvtr t4HTenJreKryaJrL,Hbrx cnoco6socrerl s qenoM. flpzveu DTor noKa3areJrborHocr4TeJrsso cta6utelr, ADKe ecJrHy vrHEr4Br4nA BbrqBJreHbrHapFrieHr4tr rrplir ananTar].uvr K ycJroBvqMoKp)rKaroqen cpeAbr. A nor L*rAeKc BHAoH3MeHeHHorocpeAHero pas6poca rrcr4xc)rroru Hcnonb3)'ror AoBoJrbHo pegKo. 9r'o6u ero orrpeAeJrHTb,Bbrct{HTbrBaroTpa3HocTb MOKAy nonyr{eHHbrMH6antawu lro6oro nep6a-ntuoro cy6recra u 6utnaMH ocraJrbHolZ rplmntr nep6a-nsHux cy6recror (He 6e_ pyrcs pe3yrrbrarbr cy6recron <.llorropeHue rIHepo rz<ApzQuenrvecxufi>). Muorze cnequaJracTbr HaxoAqr pa3rrr.tqy lrex4y 6a-nnavu no6oro Heaep6a-nbHofocy6recra u cpegu:z.rv. 6atnoM ocraJrbHbrx nenep6a-ntHlrx cy6recros. A MOKAVTeM 3Ta ot{eHKa oto6paxaer B3ar4MocBfl3b rex pe3vJrbraroB, Koropbrx Aocrzr rzcnbnlreMbrfi s raxor4-ln6o cy6recre, c o6qeri TeHAeHrIr{eliero 4ocrrtxeuwh rrpn BbrnoJrHeHaH 3a[aHun ocrairbHbrxcv6recron. flpra npone gLe:e:.zrrr. MeAuKo-ncuxoJroruqecKor43KC[epTH3bI arlr rroKa3arenlr r4clronb3yror AJr.groro. .{To6rt rlocraBuTb To.{HbIlt AI,rafHo3.B .{acrHoctv, Menr4nrr. noJla_ faror, r{'r'oAoBonbHo6olturori .{zcrogofi llora3arerb clto_ BapHoro pas6poca flBnflerctr AoKa3areJrbclBoM Ha;i.vsLrrl ncaxo3a. B ceoto oqepeAb.AoMr.rHr,rpoBaHne roKa3arenq HefaruBHoro cnoBapHoro paa6poca npu BbrrroJrHeHaH 3agaHuirrecroB Henep6altHoli rpynnbr - cr{MnroM rXen_ peccr4BHol'ococrofl Hvn. A orqerru Bo rrpocJ,re)r(H Baro_ qeecg rroHH)(eHHe noKa3arelerl noc,re BbrrroJrHeHn;t sagauuit recroB nep6a,rtuoli rpvnnlr cpaBrrureJrbHo c cyMMapHoli oqerrrofi 6annos nocJre pa6ornr c clzSTecroM
| X
-d \
oqarq *
kuHqrcrtso floxa:atelu, no.rq :IeHHLIenpli Hcnorb3oBatt4r4 mKantr Bexclepa, conocraBrnutLrcb c orler{KaMu, Koropbre 3apa6oranu re xte HclblT),'eMbre,Fro c HCnoJrb3oBaHHeM m(a.rrbr CrauQop4-Furre. O6u.*ro nro1kr c BbrcoKr,rM ypoBHeM p a3Bla"t'vflr4HTeirJreKTa BbrcoKr4enoxa iarelz no _ Jr) {aror rrpn Hcrrorb3oBarrlaurrrKaJrbrCreHeop4-6uHe. L4 uao6opo"t, uLrEr B:u,I\brc nr{3xr.rM}poBrreM HHTerrneKT)'aJrbHofo pa3Burrr.fl p{Merol Br,rcoK}re6antr,t no ilrKaJre Bexc-rrepa. Bzulugnoclt (H:lgexlrocrr) Tecra Bencnepa AoBo,'rbHo BbrcoKa - O,97. BepSam,uas. ur:riarra- O,95. IIJxata Aefrcrsuft * O,93. Hwsxas r,arrvq1rrocrty cy6r,ecloa
2. fleprlenlr.rBHbre cnoco6socrz (npezuyrqec'r.BeHHo .,KoucrpyapoBaHze 6roxos" n <.CrclagsrgaHr,re ezryp>). 3. Oarrop naMflTr4 (cy6r'ecmr <Apl.rQlrervqecKup-r>, <.floaropeuue quQp>). Btrwstrue AaHHofo Qanropa 1nenHqHRaeTCq, ecJrHr4crrbr'ryeMbre rBJIqroTcflnroAbMHnolKl{Jroro Bo3pacTa. lilxa-na A-rr.fl H3MepeHr4rr )poBHfl pa3BLrr:aflyMCTReHHbrx gerev\ (AS7ISC) 6srla ony6il,rxor;a:,ra cnoco6socreh B 1950 r. [opa6oraHHarr Bepcrrfl (A\7ISC) Bbrrrrnas 1974 r. Illra,ra paspa6ot'anra[In Hcc'rreroBaril4fl utrrerurerra Agrefi BBo3pacre or 6,5 lo 76,5 lcr. 1l cocraB Tecra BrcrroqeHbr 12 ry6recroB, KOTopF,re o'r'BeqaK),r' ncen rpe6o oauttxw cy6Tec'r'oti't'ccla (A\7ISC). Ho, xpoue 3.r.ofo, ero AononHrrru 6o.nturrlu KornqecrBoM .rletKr4-{H o.ttlrolHnrrux 3ananlrri. fllrala Bexclepa ronorr]rnJtacr, AorroJrHurerbHbrM cy6recrou <.lla6uDut:n >. Cy6Tecr
s.'.Peo..,tt"o.*tA3* ToB 3a )rcraHoBneHHbrrz orpe3oK tspeMeHla, 3areNt Br,rqr.{cJrrrorcr oura6Kl.r, u @rnxcllpyercr Bpe M.s Bbrnorrrel{H.tr. Tecr \7ISC gnn geTefi TaK xce ornuqaer,cq strcorol"r eaJTLIAHOCTbTO, KaK H TeCTOBbre3anaHl.dfl,AJrfl B3pocnbrx.
flpz opraHv3ar\r4rr nosnopttoeonecnaposAttandene(i
rroKa3areirb ypoBHr o6qero IQ craHonr4Tcs RbrrrreHa 7 egnmwtl,orIeHKanep6allHoro IQ nrrpacraer na j,5 e1nHHrIbr,a uesep6atbHoro IQ - aa 9 egutrur4. Bce ronoprlr o roM, vro Henep6ansutth I{HTeJItIerfrMo)Kiro pa3BaBarb tt go6una'n c.rrBr,rcoKlrxpe3yJr6TaroB. Tar xe KaK 14y B3pocnbrx,I{a ycnenHoe BbrrrorHeHlre TecroBbrx zagauuft. BJrr.ffrrorfl aCKOA6K0 Qa f n OpOA. 1. Cnoco6Hocrb K o6rqeuy nep6alrnoMy MbrrxneHnro. 2. lIpocrpaHCTBeHHoeBocrrpnsrlte. 3. flpoqeccbrilaMATr4. LIccte goaaHr4fl, rrpoBoAlzMbre rrcr4xoreHerr{KaMpr,rror{To Ha KoJIIzr{ecrBo6atutoa, non},^leHHblx nocne Ka3aJrr4, BbrnorrHeHHx sagauurt, cy6recro n <.C)cnegonalelrrroCTrr,>,
,$
oq6ro
s.apeaaHrn"aoa_
kuHq*..Ho <.CxoAcrno,>, <.ClorapH stfr sanac,>rz <.llocleAoBareJrbHbre KapT'prHKHr. Hepe4no recr y15C ucnolt3yercs geeexrolorauz u rTaroncaxoJr o ra Mr4 Nw Ar4atHocr r4:rtr4 yMcrBeHHo fi or c _ ^turocru, cnMnroMbr xoropoli noxoxa Ha np:rr3Ha:rtr4 3a_ Aep)KKrzrcutxptqecKoro pa3BHTH.s.OqeHt cLrlrbHo orrrv_ qaroTcfl noKa3ATenu HopMbr 14noKa3 aTeJr u npv 3aAep)KKe rrcr4xrrqecKofo pa3Br4Tux(3llp), nonfreHHbre B xoAe Bbr_ noJrHeHarrzagauuh cy6recra <.Cxogctno>. B 1967 r. noflr;urnacbBepczrr recra Bexclepa ggn gereir A\7ISC B Bo3pacre 4-6,51er. B cocraB IaHHorz rrrKajrbr BxoAHTi I Cy6recroB:a3 uax 10 OcHoBHbrxH1 ao6aso.ruuli. llpo B rzg Hzx Mo)KHocM3arb, r{To oHH cocro.rrr H3 o6ner.{eHubrx r4 ananrr4poBaFrHbrx BapvraHToBA\7ISC. Ocra-nr,unre3 cy6recra pispa6oraHbr AOiloJrHHTeJrbHo. Tan xe KaKLr B rrrKaJreBerclepa An{ ts3poc.[brx,B at,oM Tecre cy6recrlr xnaccueuqapoBaHbr rar nep6altHue a Henep6a-rrbHbre. llpone4euue HCcrreAoB auufi npegilora_ raer qepeAoBaHvecl6recron pp5 1 oep6ant uoit u HeBep_ 6an noh rplrrl. BosuoxHo npooe4enue aKcrrepuMeHTa BIF.A3A)r!OAA.
Bep6a-ilr,Haarpynna cocroHT us cy6recron <.Ocnegou_ tIeHHoCTb), ..CrosapFranit 3anac,>,oApueruteTpr qecKl4fto, oCxoAcrso", ,.lloHflTraBocrb>. CnAa xe uxo4ar H ro6a_ soqHtrrZ cy6recr
A+2101
.- ^r
tv
-n\U*-/&,
GeMbr>,pe6eHox ./,s*arrKaK Mo)KHo ror{Hee anoa-*urrox 10 ueprexeit npu noMoulr4 pa3HorlBelHbrx KapaHA axteiz. 14 n ganuoM cJr) rae Ha Bbrilo.rrHeFruerecroBbrx 3aAa_ HHrAoKa3brBaror c)trlecrBeHHoe BJrprrrHnec,;i:rlr o6u1ufi HABa rp)mrroBbrx eaxropa: nep6allulrfi u ueaep6uta_ Hr,rrl.K roMy )KerroKa3arenbuen-ep6a-nuHoro earrop" *,a_ yrcrroHHoBo3pacraer, HarrvrHafl. or MnaAxrelZaoepalrHori rp),.rlnbr 143anawqr4Bancrapmeft Drolry ecrl o6rqcHeHae, BeAb nocreneHHo rrrno Haxorurer{r4eorbrra nzauvogeit_ cTBI,rflC OKpy)KaroqHMMapoM. . Bexcnep cqura.i:.rro^6t pe3yJr6Tarb t 6ttnuroqHbrMtr v o6ocuosaHHbrMpr,noryqeHHbre noKa3arenz Heo6xoaa_ MOnonBepraTb aHaJrH3yno3TanHo: !) Ws Haqara xsutuengupoBarb noxasarelz Ie; 2) gmee o6.s3arelrHo o6frarwro u*r"l,tr.r"e Ha coorHo_ rrreHr4enoKa3areneft sep6an Horo u Henep6a-nluoro IQ; pa3Mep orrcroHeHhs; ftecru Q) 4) npunxrb Bo BHprMaHHeKaqecrBo BbrrrorrreHufl, 3ana_ Hzrl, nocxoJrbny cJro)KHocrb3anaHafi nocten"urrro,r _ pacraeT; 5) o6pat:prb BHHMarrHeHa 3MorrHoHaJrL,Hoe cocro.sHze TecTLlpyeMoro. Bep6arrHr'1fi u Hesep6antuafit prHTerrJreKTbr recHo cB.s3aHbrApyf c AplTOM, HO B STOMCOrO3efJraBeHCTByeT sep6allHtti. utn enneKT,nooroM y Benw-raHa pa3nr4qr4n Me)KAyr:vrMr4s 75 6umoB cquTaerc.s 3rraqprrenurorZ. Havuuafl aHanr43r4ponart pas6p oc unu npr4crynaq K Hann3y pas6poca orIeHOKnocne BbrrroJrrrer{H A 3atralaicy6recton, H,\,?KHo rroMHr4Tbo cneAyroqeM: 1) nno,rHe HopManbHbrMcqaTaerctr pa:6poc c He3lraqpl_ .relr,l lorZpa:H rzuefr; 2) n recre Benclepa MolKHoorMeruTb cy6recrr,r, nDLrBbr_ norrHeHr4r,tzalaunh Koropbrx norvrteHHbre'6rrro, C}tsCJIHqCHHCM
RO3PAC]'A
MCH-SIOTC-'I HC3I{AqHTCJIbHO
r.rna BoBCe ocrarolcfl Hefi:lMeHubrMt4 (peur u4er O oCroeapHou" cv6.recre, o C\,61'ect':tx oOCne/IOMJTeH_ HocT'b>,<.Cnoxerrae Qaryp,, oHe/locL,artI I I re 1r 4elaln> ). u, Hanpo"t vB, fIOKa3aTerIH, fIOlIVqerII{bre rI ocre BbITIOI_ FreHr4fl 3agaHwn cydrecron
oa6rcr *
SAPerzUrlrIlG44o,
ruHqrc.,*"o npego)Kal @oplryny Haxo)K,{enru xoaeeaqzenra BospacrFroro yrqep6a KV 6Y = 1'CHp- Cilp) x 100: CHp, rgeCHP - cyMMapHurZ pesylrrar rroKa3aretek, nony_ qerrHbrx npr,r BbrnonHeHHHsagauui,t cy-6recron, orleH_ KH KOTOpbIX OCTaJIT4CbHeLr3MeHHbrMH;
CnP - cyMMapHbrfi pesynm,ar,rroKa3areJrefino cy6TeCTa M, OqeH KLt KOl'OpbIX qBn_sloTc.fl HetiOC.IO.fl Hr{t rMpt.
B 1973 r. saIaHVg recra AWfISC glxVIucrw.ryTa tntne_ ry14e1eri H rroApocrxon Mzn:4paua CCCP a1ailrapoBur ,4-IO.IIanacnKB csoefi Bepcur4A. IO. Ilanacor sare""J,
Te 3AilAHHn, KOTOpEIe, nO efo MHeHHIO, He COOTBeTCTBT-IOT
t r
B 1992 r. IO. (Dwuuonaxo u B. [email protected] paspa6ot'ano
r4HTeJrJreKTa gerefi [. Bexclepa>. Tecl Ber
Ta6nwl1nt,{xc PaneHe (mttas:n nporp€cctrBHbD( Mar_
prur)
Co ulxa-noft PaseHa <.ilporpeccr4utrbre Marpurlbn Hayr{_ nrifi rrup rro3r{aKoMtrlca npr.r6.lH:tnTeJrbHo B 1936 r. Blr_ megruuit B ctser c6opHrax BKrruqaJt l ce6.s 60 sallag. Orrtt pa3AeneHbr r{11rrl,r.r,r.pvrrn, a n KaxVIyrc BXoAr{Tno 12 sala_ rtw:y'.B /iaHHoM c6oprrare uoMcrrleHbr recrbr B Br4neMar_
/e
-K.>ttyfi#
Dr4r-lnpqMo\rolr,nor-r eoprnrr,r.O.,n cocro fl.t vr3prr*rorlG Qvryp Hrrr4 coBoKynrroclu ezryp flpnven i^,t rw cocraBJrer{brrax, vro6tr ue enryp [oJrf{Hnacb Jror,flrrecKpr 3aKoHqeHF{arKoMno3vr1lrfl..Ee coctasr.sroulr re pa crror o_ )KeHbrc yr{eloM onpeAer'reFrHofi:anosoMeprrocrr.r H noA_ rrrrH.rrrorcronpeAeJrerrHbrMnp arJr4Jr aw. Eclw cxa3arb Apy_ ful{u ctroBaMH, TO r.Ia [peAnoxeHHr,rx r4cnbrT)/eMbrM qeprex€x a pLrclrlKax lre xBaraer xaxoft_tlr6o qacru. Ecrz .{eroBeK HMeer B cBoeM pacnopffKeHau Freilnoxo pa3BHTOe nofaqecKo-a[ailu-rtaqecKoe BHAMaHHe, OH c.irerKocTbro AoI]onHH]. KOMIO3HLU4]O OAHHMr43 pt4cyl_ KoB,KoTopbrepa3MenIeHbrnoA uarpuqefi. Llzo6paxeuua pacnoJro)KeFrbr noA HoMepaMpror 1 Ao B. Kor4a qeroBeK AouoJrrr.ser N{arpzrIy r{eAocraroiqrzM lrso6paxeuueNr, B pe3yrrbrare nor1n{aeTc.flKorrrro3urIu.rr, npaBLrJrbHO cocTaBnerrHatrlll c Tor{KH3peHr4_S nOrHKH,H CO currclosorZ roqKz 3peHr4r{. Hpruo orMeruTb, rrro H3 rrpeACTaBJreHHbrx lxecrr{ rr.rrr4BocbMH pHCyHKon HyxHo ntr6pars Bcero til4lrrb o!\urr - To'r, xoroprrri Mo)KHo rfa3Barb Hacro.auleli traclbro LleJroro.O.lepe4Hax rpylna sayauuft HaqnLraer_ cq c npocrbrx 3aAaq.Helr 6luxe K KoHLIy ucnt;ranuh, TeM 3allaHHfl
CTaHOB.flTCs CJrO)KHee H CJTOXHee: C KAK,qbrM
pa3oM r,rx rpyAHoc.r'b noBbnrraer.cq. To xe calroe Mo)Krro cKa3aTb 14O rplTrnax: Hx CrOxFroCTb TaK)Ke paCrer. OrO onpege"rerrHbrM o6pasora eopuupyer y r,rcnbrryeMbrx cnoco6nocrb HaxoAuf'b perrreHlre 3a1art, rrpeAJIo)KeHHbrx B pa3Hr,rx rpynnax. flo unenvlo PaneHa, 3a1aHr4flAaHHoro recra HarrpaB_ JreHbrila Bbr_rrBtrer[recnoco6uocteri, c noMo[Ibro Koropbrx r{eIoBeK r.IMeeT BO3MO)KHOCTbBOCIIpHT{HM aTb :rrl(yl3 _IH _ 6o Qopnr,r, 3aMeqaf'b prx oco6esHocrr,r r{ B3ar4MoorHorrre_ Haq. lloalol{y or r4cnbrryeMoro rpe6yercfl HaBbrK pac_ clDKAaTbJroruqecKpt. Y.{eHH}i He }TBep)KAaer, qro uMeHHo arr4M crroco6om BO3MO)I{HOH3r,repeH}re r4HTeJrJrcr(t'a r(11 K ci'ltrr ro t.o tlenoro. Ho noryleHHbre pe3yJ'rrra,r,br roRopql. oCt oCrpa.rrroM: BbrsBreHHbrrl c rroMorrlbro recroBbrx sagauuh ypoReHb pa3_ tsr4Tlrflymeauft. r{ HaBbrKoB s raxori-to cleileH}r xapaKTepa3yer o6rqlrri prHleJrJreKT.
rfri
oaaro
s:..;iqeauttDg44a,
Marpnqsr HMeror nep$enn0eily0 WKAAy.B ee ocnoee rre)Kar d6€ lll0op40: 1) reopn-a rrx,rrpvrxrvrfl @pvr, coq,laHHarrrerxTaJrsTnczxonoruefi; 2) reopun Heofer{e3a (aerop K. CnraprrreH). 9ro6u uafrrw BepHoe peureHr4e3anar.uf1 ueo6xoguua noAAep)KKa npA( Ocllogllil( nCAXAqaCKAX tlpO(OCCO6,raKUX KAK:
1) nHnuarrue (wntt BHnMarerrbHocrr,); 2) nepqenruBHbre lpoqeccbr - Bocnpr4srue (ttnu nocnpaaMqr4Bocrt); 3) tutslcrnre,rrbHbre[pouecc bI, a uIMeHHo noHfl TJrHBocrb. Bsuuanue MHorHe yqeHbre rpaKryror no-pa3HoMy. OAnu cr{HTaror,r{To oHo Bo3Hr{KaerB pe3yn6Tare cocpeAoroqeHHolo cocroflHuq co3HaHprr qe.rroBexa.[pyrae rroJrararor,qro BHLTMaHHe KaKocHoeuori Qarrop nepqenrJr4rtsBrflercq ocFrosof{ AJUrrroAroroBKri r4 rropMaJrbrroro Ter{eHr4_s ilpouecca BocnpLUrTr4Jr. Korga qenoBeKrzrrler perxeHlre 3ap:aqn,efo BHuMarrHe HaxoAHTC.f, B r{a[p.fl]r(eHHoMcocrosrraa. I4iraesuooHo rroMOfaeT rroAAep)KaTby r4crrbrTyeMoro3aHHTepecoBaHHocrL, B rraxox(AeHr.rnBepHoro perrreHr,ra.B xoge rroracKa BepHofo pe ilerlH.s neo6xogairrbr KoHrIer{Tpar\Ltfl BrrLrMa HLrtr, parryoHaJrbr-roeero HCrroJrb3oBaHHeH pacnpeAeIeHple.
Kar rolrxo BHHMaIIHe crrrixaercq, ucnbrryeMwfl mar{HHae'r riIOq/CKaTr, OmnSxpr. lIOuunO B1g.t4MAH17'fl, Ha yCrlerxHoe Bbr[oJIHeHHe recroBblx sanattuit 6ol luroe Blr:afl,HXe OKa3brBaroTSMOUHHqerroBeKa rz efo Bo.II.f,. Bor noqeny uer Heo6xollrrMocrpr HCCrreAoBaH;z'trc r4cnoJrb3oRar{lz'ev' 3a4aHLlri nporpeccr't BHbrx MarpnrI Paseua cr{ri'raTb TccToM AIq onpeAeJrerrHr ),poBr{r HHTeJUTeKT'a. C nouorrllro la6nut1 PaBeHa H3vqaercrr cnoco6rrocrr, qeNOBCKA
TINAHHPOBATb
CBOIO TIFITCJ UIC KTYA,IIbH\4O
AC,'ITCJ'Ib-
HOCTb,BeCTr4ee cr4cTeMaTH3Hporlar{rro. OIuu6o.{HsrM cqnTaercfl MHerrne o roM, .{to recrr,t PaBeHa MoxHo cqaTat'b HHTeJrJrcr{tyaJrbHbIMI4. B 4aHHon CJryrqaeMO)K[I() l'()l]()pH'l'1,ttl.tlllb O BbUIBJIeHI,TU CnOCO6HoCTeA qcJloucKa rrrrrCJlt{'I'rrCItc.reMHo H nnaHoMepFlo.
'ok+'ty#*rr
u
Ta6twtgt t Paseua npeAHa3Har{eFrbr 4rrr uenep6aJrbHbrxuc i nstrartwfi. Ouu AoraabrBaror ro, r{To eep6a-usHtreyMeHu.fl HC BTHqIOT
HA UX VCIICIIIHOC
BbII]OJIHCHITE.
I{cclegonaHne c HcnoJrb3oBaHHeMra6nnq paseua npoBoAnTcs rro cJreAForqeMynpaBnrry. Eclu o6c,teA],ror cpa3y HecKonbKo qeJroBeK,ro xa:44urfi prcnbrryeMbrh nojr),4{aerorAenbHbrn 3K3eMUUrprecroBoro rr4cra, rAe Ha_ xoAr,rrcfl nporoKoir pSmQwxcupoBaHpr_f, peureunfi. 3areu rrpoBoAnTcs LtHcrp)'KraKno recry. llocle ororo HcnbrryeMbre npucT),Traror K BbrnoJrHeHHrorecrost;x sagauuit. Ecau .reroBeK cnpaBvrrrcfl. c nepBbrMu 5 sanawus.ttu (ercnepvneHTarop AoJDKeH3a DTHMnpocJreAlrrb kI, eclrvr ueo6xogzrvro, oKa3arb nouoqt), oH npoAoJDKaerpa6ory. Harauuas c 3Toro MoMeHTa aKcnepr4MeHTarop AoDKeH 3aceqb BpeMfl, a r4cnbrryeMbrrlAoJDKeHHaqarb pa6orart caMocTo-sTeJIbHO. Ecnn rectl.rpoBaHr4e npoxoAuT B :z;e,ilr4Bv4yanbHoM nopr,4Ke, To 3anvcv B prcfrbrTaTeJrbHoM npoToKoJre BeAeT caM SKCrrepHMerrTaTop. Kax4ouv BepHoMy orBery npvcBavlaercn I 6att, nogroMy caMafl.BbrcoKarrorIeHKa- 6O 6annoo.llpu no4cqere 6a.[ros yr{HTblBarorcfl pe3ynbrarbl, rroJry:IeHHbre npu pa6ore HaAKalltAofi cepwefr, a raxxe cyMMapr{brepe3ynb'r'aTbr no tsceM3anaHl4flMTeCT2. 06t4uti anoe ttaauEapn afldeKcom - cnoeo6pa3Hr,rM noKa3aTeneM)poBHq pa3Bld'tkrflHHTeJrneKTyaJr brrbrx cno_ co6socrefi qeroReKa.BrrurelxaeaHHr,uiHnAeKCnoKa3brBAeT, HA KaKOM ).pOBHe HaXOATTC.gefo MblcnHT'etrbHbre cnoco6Hoc'rr4, T. e. ero MbrcrllTenbHble crroco6nocrr.r, KOTOpbre pacKpbrBaroT vMeHr4e qenoBeKa MbrcJrr{Tb fro npe/{no)KeHnorl cxeue. Cucreua zagauuh ilpeAcTaBnfler co6or:i onpeAeJreHr{brM cnoco6ou pacnoJro}KeHHbre Quryprr. YponeHr vucrReHr{brx cnoco6uocreri npotnnflerctr B Br4Ae oSqero LlTora, npz no/qBeAeHHHKoroporo 6eperc-x Bo BHr4MaHrze QzsavecxzrZ aoepacr HCnbrrlreM()r'o. Ecla pes_vlETar foRopul' o loNr, q'r'() Hcnblryeuuli npocTo noAolHan oTBeT,TO efo HylKr{o nprr3}raTb HeyAar{nult. se6l aronpr4qrH brM /L[r r{ccneAoB a FrH-s.Pac no3lrarb
ror Qaxr, r{To r{eroReK}'raAbrBtur,a He AyMan npu nu6ope
o{6rq
5(l P en"'
ruHsrrc(Ikro pe3ynBTaT'br, noJr),qeHHbreR HToQHryp, lroMoryT FrU3Kr4e re. Cra6lre pesyJtjrarbr cqr4Tarorcflncnxonoraun 6olee H(jH aAe)KHbIMH, I{e)KeJrH BbrCOKr4e.
flo lxt6oft rplrrne cy6recron paspa6oraua ra6nut1a, n noropoii )'KasaubruraHupveMue (oxz4ael.rue) pesyrrbTZTbI,KOTOpbrer{ofyT 6urt nolv.reHbr nocJre BbrnojrHertufl.3ryaHr4rirecra. Pa3r-rnl1a,Ko'r'opaq norr}^raercs. npv cpaBHeHHHpe3yJlbiraToB'recTr4poBaHHrl, noJr),4{eHHbrxflocne tsbIIIoJrHe HVA3aAaHufi no xa44ofr rplmne, vilnaHupyeMbrx pesyJrbTaroB, Ha3bIBaerc.rl orKnoHeHIreM. Ecltt pe3ynFtTar orrcrroHeHr4;l6olr'rue -c'evt2, To HHAeKCcqHTaerc.f,HeHaAOKHbIM.
tr4ugexc yMCTBeHHbrxcnocoSnoc'rerl Mox(Ho cquTarb Tor{HbIMB ToM CJt}t{ae,ecJlv oTIO'IoHeH?Ie6olture 2 o6HapPKHBaeTCfl, HA3argrloqHTerbr{oM3T'afreHcnbrTaHwrBo BpeMr BbrnoJrHeHr4rr 3a4aHlzir H3 nocJreAHrzxcy6recron. Ecnu y orKlroFreHzs.6o namoh nora3areJrb pKe Ha [epBbrx cTaAI"Jflx BbriloJlHeHufl o r:aJrvr\tLrw aHoMarbHbrx
3aI'allLlir,
To
Mox(Ho foBopl.{Tb orxJroHe Huit s npoqeccax tsHH-
}'{AIJt4g. A BocrlpldtrTljfl.
Xaparrepn crnKa"orAerrbHbD( cy6rccron (cepnft) Tecra Panena B cocras ruKa-rrbrMarpHrI Paseua BXoIsr 5 cy6recron. KaxAa-qcepu.fl cocraBJreHac yqeroM onpeAeneHHbrx rozul4.wlZ: A - nozutlu,rr B3aaMocB.sserie crpoeHnu MarpHrI; 8 * eHx sreH He aHanoru fi Nrexgy napa.vrl xaxux- nu6o
Qnryp;
f - rroeuqufl, ocrroBaH;:,aflHa nporpecczBr{brx r43MeHeHr4qxu r$urlpax Marparl; 2 - sosl{oxHocrb rrepefpyrilHpoBbrBarb ezryprr; f - sosN{oxHocrb pas6ueuunezrypu Ha cocl'aBlflroruHe. Bo uperu BbrnonHeHr4.rr recloBbrx zagartufr.cephT A ucnbrT'yeMbre/{on;Kubr safirn rreAocl'arcul\,ro qacrb sssrori sa o5pa:cr 1Qr,rr1pr,l.
" ' -s 4-tP '
/& -K+ryX*
Kor4a r4crrbrryeMbreBbrnory1flK)T 3anaHLr.e ue s,rofi aats
pLIu, AIfI\4BH3Hp}TOTCJI CJre/f,,vroq[e qeCCbIi
1) gzQQepenr\ua\vrr
N{brCJTHTeJrbHbre npo-
H arratrr43eAlzHoro rleJroro c y.ie_
TOM eI'O OCHORHTTIX 3rreMeHTOB, a TaK)Ke CITICCTB),rO_ ulax cna:efi Me)KAy ?,rl/.Mu 3JreMeHTaMH; 2) nErnnneH vre cpe1rl o6pa:qon He.,r.{ocrarorrdef o oneMeHTa. I{a ycneruHoe BbrrroJrHeHr4erecroBbrx 3aAaHHn Bnufl,e^t ypoBelrb pasF,krrus. Brrr4MaH.r4rr,cTaTucTHrrecKoe npeACTaB_ JreHHe,pa3BHToe noo6paxeuae. Sagauwx CepAA I eKrtoqarclr e ce6rr )mpaxFreHu_s Ha Rbltrtsrer{ve ananoruit Me)rq[/ HecKonbKprvw napawu eu_ ryp.3agaua LrcnbrryeMoro cocrouT B ToM, .{ro6br ycareruHo npHMeHHTb AaHHlro reopr4ro a:,:raJrorutl H nocreneHHo BbrAeJrHTbueo6xo4aulrri plelrenr. gro6u nafrcw BepHoe perrreHr{e, ueo6xo4zuo aRTHBvr3HpoBarb cnoco6riocn, BEUrBJreHH.rr cr4MMerpHH y npeAcra BnerrHbrx ezrlp.
CepanC cocrour us s'agauuir.ocHoBorzKoropbrx _rB_ rtrercfl.nocrerreHHoeycnolrcrrerrlreBHAa earyp, a rarc(e
.n3MeHeHHe r{x rorro)KeHLrfl ts npocTpaFrcTBe KaK no Bep_ TI'Ir.aJTH,TaK H rro ropr.r3ollTaJll{. flpz nrrno rHerrvu or:zrx 3anautti.t arc.rptsa3zrpyercs, c n oc o6 Hocrb q eroBe Ka K [;z;,taMr4qe c KHM na6 nto Jlittunw, a raxx(e cnoco6rrocrb rrpoclreAzrb qepeAy r{enpepbrtsHbrx w:l.meuenwlii. Kpoue Bcero g,rofo, HCnL,r,ryeN{oMynoHaAo_ 6srcs, xoporxo pa3BHToe noo6paxeril4e. ararore cnoco6_ HOCTptK npeAcTa RneHHro. B CgpUfu D axopSr 3a;laHzrfl, cocraBJreHrrbre B coorBer_ cTBLlv C upHr{rItlnoM nepecTp}zKlypt43 aL\HH npeAC,rAB_ .[eHrrbrx o6pason, npuqeM Aorrycrr4Mbl 14 ropr43oHTaJrb_ Hoe, H BepruKaJrbHoe HarrpatsJreHr4.rr. I.[.q ycnenHoro BbrnoJrHerrHn sagauwit ueo6xogalro rrrlareJrbrro npocne _ )KHBarb 3aKoHoMepHocra B pacnono)Kenuu euryp, a rat_ xe o6parr.rrb BHprMaHHeHaqepeAoBaHHe o6,r,eKloe B eru_ HolZ cacleue. Yro6r,r nonf{HTb xopoilHe pe3yJrETal,brrrpa BbrnoJrHe_ rrvrv 3a4arrutt, ueo6xogaMo yMerb cxBarbrBart lro4z@r,r_ KAr\Hr4, KOTOpbre rIpoH3oIXJrI4 Ha KOII{I{eCTBeHHOM lI Ka_ r{ecTBeHHOMypoBHe, yr{HTbrBat xx 3aKoHoMepI{OCTb.
a{6rq sf
s(rPv*-' -""^o"+4
rurrqroFo
aHarvs v cr4rTe3 3a1artws. cepau f lpegno,rataro't pa3Hoo6paeHsrx 3JIeMeHToB H3 npeACTaBneHHbIx Quryp B coorBercrBvrrt c enr6paHur'lMu npvHtlvrrav'n. llpu eunoJrr{eHpruTecroBblx saaanvfi, erofi cepvu ucnuryeuslli cKtraAbrBaeT14 Bbrr{HTaeTcocTaB.rlsloulue npeACTaBneHHux Qnryp, nepeKrra,qblBaeraru oJIeMeHTbIB coorBercrBrzLr c anre6pauqecKnMu ilpaBnnav'u. BeAr HMeHHo c r4x noMoulbro MoxHo HanTu HeAocraloilIl4e 3JIeMeHTbI CHCTCMbI.
3aryaHuiry wcnuryeMoro !4x nrrnorHeHLrfl arofo Bzg4.a pa3BHTa xopouo cloco6uocrb K BbIqBreAoDKHa 6rrm H KoJIHqecrBeHHoroxapa3nH.rI4IZ Ka.{ecrBeHHofo HuIo paKrepa B KrzHerriqecKnx 14Avluav.;zluecKaxpagax. CnocHHTe3y co6rrocrr r a6crpartryttr w A;z^r:?v.ru'qecKoMy np14BeTcTByeTc.s. Kprrrlpno-neganuculvrffi
Tecr I,IrrreJIJIeIcr"P. KsrTetula
B 1949 r. P. Kenenn npeAcraBr4r na sceo6qee o6cy)KAeHuepaspa6orannrrtl HM lryilbrlpHo-He3aBtr cumanit TecT rra BbrflBJIeHue ypoBH.tI HI{TeJIJIeRTa. Hayxe pr3BecrHbr TpH Bepculz BbIlIelr€3aHHbIX TecroBbrx3aI,aH'Lrn. 1. 6 ff- l, 3a1auus aroro r,apnaHT a l4cnon b3)ro r cfl Mfl. o6creAoeauwx gereit B Bo3pacre c 4 ,qo 8 ler. 9ru xe ueB IICHXHT{eCKOMpa3TOAbI IOMO|aIOT BbIgBI{Tb AHOMAJTI4LI BId"f\4r4.
2. efT-2, Bslnomrenne 3TVx saSauwir rroApa3yMeBaer ,qr{arHocrnpoBaHze o6uxHogeHnol)i nr,I6opxtt lto71efi BBo3pacre or B Ao 60 ner. 3. 6Ff8. 3agawnn DTofo Bapr4aH-ratacnoJlb3)'Ior rntr II'l Xf I{OCTH Kt'I fe H I laJIhl I t'l X ll I t't HOCTefi .
flpanwta npoBeAeHvff TecrupoBar:HJfl H nocJre4yroqas o6pa6orra pffiynbraroB PaccnrorpzMcar\qropaclpocr pa rrcrrH\.K)BepctzloR,r{}.rarHocrrrKe yMcTReFrrrbrxcnoco(ruoclefi - 6Ff-2. B ero KaxTqltrr43r{r{x BKrroqaer B cecocraB Bxo4rt'/Ulc LracT'H. r.r3U- 1zlsaAa.{. 6s 4 cr,6'rec'r':1, cr()c:,r'()rrrrllrx
t. Cydnecn *fonolaenue,D cocroplr uz TZ zaaartuir..
clro)KHocrb Koropbrx c Karrg1brM pa3oM Bo3pacraer. B ne_ soirsacrw KaxAofo 3a1aHvflpa3MerrleHbr3 eurypu, npa_ qeM He xaorar{Ho, a B onpeAeJlerrrrofi Jlorl4r{ecKofi nocle_ AoBareJrbHoc'ru.Bnrssr4B,:(iA]KAfl JrofHKa rzsMeHeHr4ri3necb npocneluB aer cfl, t4crrbrryeMbrrZgolxeH o6parnrt cnoe BHHMaHaeHa HecKolrbnoezryp, pacnono)KeHHbrxcnpa_ na. Euy ueo6xognlro saftru cpeAl{ HHx ry, Koropa.rrorBe_ vaer o6nappreHHofi 3aKoHoMepHocra ?rMo)Ker cn1,?KrlTb npoAoJDKeHveM 3al\aHuofi rora.recxoft nocneAoBarenb_ Hocrt4 @uryp, pa3MerileHHbrxB rrpaBoit sacrlw. Ha ellnomreHue 3aAaHnft nepaofi qacr:a 1crercr4 tll..ttt., sagauuit nropori qacrr - 3 wutt.
2. B cyfinbcne nlhaccaeuK1(1ag,, BxoAHrt4 zatawu{r.
KaNgoe H3 3Tr4x 3aAaHprrisKrrroqaer B ce6g.5 earyp, pa.rro_ Jro)KeHHbrx B pq4. flpuveir,r qerbrpe r43 :el:z^xMo)KHo coeAr{_ HLrrb Ha ocHoBe KaKoro-To onpeAeJreHHoro npH3Haxa.Vc_
nuryeutrfi 4orlKer{ otrcKarb evrypy, Koropa;r orrrrsaercrr orApy'Hx ceoerl Qopuofi, r{BeroM,pa3MepoMHT.rr. 3agauun nepaori qacrrr.Bbrno.misrorclrtsTeqerrfie 4 mnu., auropofr-Jr'lus. S. Cydnecn aftlanpaqa, Brqroqaer s ce6q 12 .rect.oeHx sagauuft' Ec.ltu au.anu3rrpoBarbnotaKy Bbrrron*e:r.r4fl.3a1la_ Hlrii, To noxno npzfrrn K cneAlroqeMy tsr,rBoAy: pe[reHue 3aI,aHwi4 DTofo Tecra arraJrorHr{Ho peuerrr4ro 3aAaq nepBofo cy6recra. B 4anrrou clryr{ae r.oxe 11146rro yr{HTbrBaTb c}'IIIecTBlTOuIyK)3aKOHOMepHoc'1.b, B cooTBeTCTBrzH c xoropofi e,resofi qacrn noMecrnrra 3 rpzrypu. VIron _ Ko nocne arofo n npanorZ sac"r'r4Hcxarb ry eurypy, Koro_ pa.flilo noruKe AorDKr{a3aKoFrrraTb[peAcraBJreunwft ptg. Heo6xoguuo saMeruTr,, \fro aHarLr3vnoABeprarorcff BCe CBoHCTB a MaTpr4rlbr: BepTHKanb,ropH3oHTUrb. I\r4aroHurb. Ha strnorHerrue 3a1a:e,llfinepeorZ ra eropori .{acrerl OTBOAHTCJT no 3 nrurrtrr,t. +. Cy6necn crlun6aoeugrtsaKrroqaerc' R Bbrnor He',Vfi4 8 zagaauh. B.[esori .vac.rvnoMerrlcrrorlso(tpaxeulre enrypsr-o6pasr1a.B ee cocraB BxoA;n.pa3Jtr.rr{ r{r)rer,eoMerpz_ qecKneQurvpu. Qrrypa-o5pa3erl coAep;{ral arryrpu ce6x Toqrqv.Br,rqcHzs3arorroMepHocrb pacnoJroxeHufl ToqKH orHocHTenEHor{eKor"prs[.tpuqecKzx @uryp, xoIZ
I
J. F I
-ry\
-?^-^ 5" -fl 4b
'-*'o4L
o-,
'er'
kaHqK(lt{O
Topbre BXOA,sr B COCTaBOopa3ll,a, I-r3 ooibeKToB, pa3MeufeHHbrx B npaBolz qac'rlr, prc[blT]/elloM]/ Heo6xoAHMo BbrrrBHTbTy, KOTOpatI nOMO)KeTTOr{KepaCnOnO}KZTbCt TaK )Ke, KaK H r'ra o6pa3ue. Ha sstnortteHLle 3aAaHHii, pactIoJIOXeHHbtx ts nepBoii 14BTOpOrl qacTqx, oTBoLI{Tc.fi ro 3 MllH. Pa6o'ra r{aA cy6Tecroel HaqnHaerc.s c BbIItoJIr{eHHr HecKoJrbKHX HCrrblTaTeJrbHblx 3all?lHljir, KOTOpble rIOMOralo'r pa3ospaTrcn R 'roM, KaK BbrnoJlorc daagngiwue, -r C OXflUe 3rAaHIte. OoAee B xaqecrse noAcKa3KH [aerctr [paBI4JIbIfbIIz orBer [epBO|O npHNrepa. Tecrrr
Ha ucryerrlze
crpylcr)?bl
ntz noJr\,qeHr,r B pe3yJrbra,re BbinoJrHeHHs sagauuh. cy6TCCTOB.
9au1e tscero s cnoeir pa6ore rrczxoJrol.r4o6paularcrca KTecrarlt crpyKr)pbr HHTerr.rreKTa, Koropbre pazpa6oran P.Arrn
HHTetuIeKTa
B ary rpynnv BXoAHT 6omuroe KoJIHqecrBo pa:Hoo6pa3Hblx recroB. Ilo.{rrl Bce oHH co3AaHbI c I{crrcJ,IIL'3oBaHHeM MoAeJrH crpoerrr{fl HHTeJrJreKTaJlyuca Jleona Tepcrowa larv Ha pa3nr.{qrlblx BapvauTax 4aHuoli MoAeJIH. Bce rec'ru, Koropbre BxoA.trTB 3Ty rplrrrly, Mo)KHo IIa3BarE, Hx RbIrIo.[HeHHfl cKopocTlrbrMrr, T.e. An.fl ycnenHoro ncnbrryeMbrH AonxeH nnolol'BopHo rrorpyAHTbcfl B TeqeHve ne6omuroro orpe3Ka BpeMeHH. 3alattunTec'roB Ha rlccJrerxoBaHlre cTp)'Krypbr lrHTe.[JIeKTa MoxHo BbInoJInOpqAKe,',raK I4 B rplTrne HCHflTb KaK B HrrlIr4Br.rAyaJrbHOM nbrryeMbrx. llo erofi ilpnr{r4}re r4x npHqzcnflror K KareropHH fplrnoBbrx TecToB. Yrecroe Ha rfiyqerrr4e crplr{ry,pbr t4HreJureKr? 6nrun npre7lrrrecTBeFrHr4Kr{, Bo3I{},IKIIIHeeilIe AOrroqBrleH}rq pa3[ruHbD( Vqeuvrfr o6 HFrrerureKr€. K rur qrlcJry cflHocrrrc;r auukrrur'recwn\. Mdtrt z ou}6rurxorecr Hrile;urer{r4 co3/IaHnr;ir Ptmapm saHHbrfi e 1928 r.OH eKrro.{ar e ce6q 6 c!,6recroe. Ho s PocctEta STOrrTeC-Tfrpn3Lrarn4[ FreilO.rlyqrul. Arralolom reclotsbrx za4auttit Ha r{3}a{eHne crplr(T}pbr NIOIKHOFIa3BaTb'I'eCTHIJTetIIeKTa, KOTOpblii LIFITCnJICK'Ia
paspa6oran fpuroptfr Hnanonnq Poccottruutos 1909 r. Tecl coc'r'onrrv3 11 c16Tss1'oo. 3a71aur.rq srolo recra 6wnw npeAr-ra3r{ar{eFrbrArr BbrqBr e rr Hr{ )poBH s. pa3Bla"[pre. lrcHxlrqecKr4x rrpoqeccoB. Paeuoslr/proc'r'r, rrrrreJrncKT'a HcrrbrryeMoro oilpeAerflnacb rrocJlc ar{aJr}r3aKOJIHqec'r'ga6aJIrIoB.rorooue 6u-
AHAnoruu"
-nPocTbtE nolrorquo AarrHoro recra Mox(Ho orrpeltlerrrrrb xaC parrrep JrorzqecKLrx cnx3efi, a rarcKe :r,anvqve orFroure_ HHrZ,KoTopbre Bo3HrzKarorMOKAy noHffTHrrMH.3aSartwn 3TO|O TeCTa npeAJramrcTcfl rvr\aM npH AOCl'mKeHr4H 10-nersero Bo3pac,raH Bbrrrre. Burrolnen ue sapauwlt Ha\fLrHaerc.rr c BblrrB.rre Hr4g,T;zrna ctsfr3vtMOKIIy CJrOBaMr,r, KOTOpbrepacnoJro)KeHbrcJreBa, a 3areM Hairrr4 rarorZ )r(err4n cBs3Hy cJroBcnpana.5 Kopoea Tererrox
Onqa. Eapau.Illepcru,..frHeHox.Konr,na.Cup.
loprxnfi Cnagcvir
TeuHr,lli. Tonrpli. Bslcorari. Ttiua. yepstul. Cseuuri.
Cnurreq TqxerHfi
llyx. lIerxurt.Cloxurrfi.
.Iloxra Cp
Bruxa. Cr,rp.Hox. Haruxa. Msco. Craxau.
Vcprusrii. M.flrxafi. Ilepu.
n1x. -flftqo Croprryrna Yrra. OropoA. Kapro@e"ut. fllre. LLIe.rnxa. --SHoBbre rectr IQ / Cepun <.llcuxo.rrolrlqecKuearroAbr). Pocron-na-!,oHy: OeHuKC, 2OO 4.
,frs o-t6no
s:llpear/}{rrle44ea-
-IIr,txr,t 3utv:n
Ilogxa. Becro. Osepo. Jlsguua. "Ilero. Pu6a.
lnas Cuorperr
3y6u. Cruruarr. Eolerl. )ItesarL,.flsHx. Ulema.
Koruxa IIIepcrr
Oryss. Kosa. CHopoexa.PH6a.CnnuuzHr. geuryq.
llpo6xa Ilnasarb
Kaueur. llnon.rr4xa. Toryrr. I,Igeectux. Tacrarn.
KoQe Caxap
Cyn. )Kz4rocrn. Yamxa. Kpyna. Colr,.,rloxra.
Cyrox Jlucr
Pyrca. fluna. Bapexxa. lorosa. Pa6ora. llaleq.
AoNqr 3ourax
Cner. Cryrra. CaHxra.3vrra. Rry.r
[lxola llorzxlaHzxa. O6yreHae Bpav. flkoltHprx.
.cnoxHbtEAHAnOrutu" Cyrpo6.
VvpexgeHae. .IleqeHrze.
Melogux lrryxotZ
Pvcy+rox. Crenorl. Kpanoli. klnttocrparop. Kapruua.
Hox Crann
IIIxaQ. -Iloxra. [epeeo. Tyvr6ouxa. Ogexga. 3epxano.
3nepr Kannau
Kouap. Mlxa. floueuler:ue. lltarqart. flayrvua.
Jluca I{opa
9e"rronex. fl e'lu. Ilucsra. Pa6oqvh. !ou. 3nepv.
Canoxnprx ll.norHrzx. Canoru Me6elr,. [olr. O4ex4a. Crolrp. Tonop. llarmo llwonuqa
Kax npanruro, prcnbrryeMnrft ocsauBaer ,,opflAon uor][ norHeHrz.s nocJre pa6oru c AByMq_TpeMrrnprlMepaMu. Ecra.{eroseK coBepmaer ourz6xra necrolr,ro pa3 noApflA, To MoxHo roBopaTb o6 yroluxeMocrr4. llpu no4cvere [paB]rnbHbrx r4HeBepHbrxorBeroB yr{r4_ TblBael'cq H To, KaKne 6tlnu ycraHoBneHbr cB_g3HMexgy noHsrntrMn. Begt HMeHHo oHn rro3BoJrrrnr onpeAerr4^t;h ypOBeHL pa3r.laTvrflMbrxrJreHr,ffr, rroKa)Krr, KaKve eOpuu AoMaHrzpyror - HarJ'r.sAHbre urH rorvuecKr4e. Eclra au_ TerureKTyaJrbHoepmBATHe qeJroBeKaHapyrxeHo, TO OH omu5aetcq nocro_sHHo,HecMorpq Ha noMorrlb co cropo_ Hbr SKCnepvMeHTATOpA.
Eolnr rctx. Keuxa. Ilpo,1aHer1. Are,rte. Hora. IIIHypox
3agauust gauwofi MeToAHKH npeAHa3HaqeHbr AJrq Bbr_ g.cF{erIvlfl,Toro, B raxofi creneHH qeroBeK Mo)KeT froHsrb cJro)KHbrerorHqecKHe orHolrreHH.tr, a raK)r(e cnoco6err ln oH Bbrgenurt a6crpaxrrrbre cBs3pr. 3agauwn B ocHOBlroM npeAHa3Haqelrbr Anq B3pocnbrx r4 noApocTKOB. TecrupyelroMv npeAnztaercs,20 nap cros. OH AorDKeH onpeAeJrr4Tb -rnrr roruqecKofi, czn3u, xoropufi rrpHC)"T_ crByel B onpeAeJrenlrori [ape c"rroB.ff,nx nououlw rrpepa_ laeTc.s ra6nutla of[IaQpo, fAe AaHbr Hcnorrb3],eMbre rr4rrbr csfigerz n zx 6yxneHubre 3KBuBaJreHTbr:A, E, B, I] A, E.
IIIvQp A. Bopoua - crafl E. Or.vpell - oRoul B. Pv'{ell - PeKa L Ceer - TbMa l. EonesHs - cr{eoTr, E. He4pvr - Henpirrrcru Tecrapyeuouy Heo6xoAHMo BbrrBHTbrun orHorrre_ HIzft, noropsrri ecrl r.)KKffMH orpeAe,reuuofi natazJ.r fl
&
soP@?anro"oaett
o-t&rq ,
1. Llcnyr - 6ercreo 2.Xuxpttr - IrayKa 3. Yn - pacc)'AoK 4. fl6tons. - ca[ 5. Tporira - rpkl 6. Cnoso - ilpeArlox(eHlle T.Cserrutir - reustu-r B. Ceo6o;ia - BoIJI 9.locvgapcrBo - I'opoA I0. CraAocrb - roper{b 1 1. Orlrrqeul{e - [oA)KHraHLIe 12.Acesrr, - r{I4cno 13. Cuesmcfl - xoxorarr, 14.IlaparpaQ - rtara 15. llorori - ABrl;reHlre 16. Cuenocrr - xpa6pocrr 17. Ceexecrb - npox;IaAa 18. HenpanAa- HeAoBepHe 19. PuconaHl4e- ucKvctcrBo 20. Kycr - AepeBo
A 6B fA E A E B fA E A S B fA E A 6B fAE A 6tsrAE A 6B fAE A 6B fAE A E B fT E A 6B fAE A 6B fAE A E B fAE A E B fAE A 6B fAE A E B fAE A 6B fAE A E B fAE A E B fAE A 6B fAE A 6B fAE A E B fA E
2 ) 4 5 6 7 B 9 1C l i 12 r3 I4
r5 16 t 7
EB f A E E A
E B
il 6 E A E
A
f
Ouerr a
Konra.recatso npaBrrJrbHblx crltseroB
CB,fl3H.
nOCAOBHU" "TO^KOBAHI{E MeroAHKa
HanpaBJreHa Ha onpeAe.rreHae [auuax ]poBHn pa3BI,ITr4s\e[eHanpaBJreHHofo MbrIIUIerrHfl,Ha CnOco6uocrr qerroBeKa noHuMarb nepeHoclrblfi clrucn peqr4. e.4r.rHHr_I Peeyrrrarrr BblrronHerruq roKa3brBaror, HacxoJrbKo gaffipeHrglpoBar{Hocrb H rleney vcnbrTleMolo pa3Br.rrr,r HanpaBJreHHocrbcpr4eHnfi , creneHb pa3Bn"tLtflper{eBbrx ilpoqeccots.
1 BI 9 20 II
BATb H BbUIBJI,'ITb NOIIIqCCKHC
B rou cryqae, Kor'.4a r{enoBeK Aorrycxaer ourz6ru B npoqecce coilocTaB.rreHr4tr, r'oBopfl]" qTo HcnbrTyeMoMy [pr4cyqr4 pa3MbrTocTb MbrrrrJreHug., oTcy-tcTBue IIotAKr4 npu pacc1,rrAeHnsx, nolKHoe [oHHMaHV e ar'a lot vtfi.
Krro.r I
Eclrt tectzpyeuurZ c nerKocrbro BbrnoJrHuil 3ap:aune H norprqecKn BepHo o6's .cttv.n nsr6parrHu ft uw t un cB .3Lr, 't'o Mo)KHocxa3arb o'roM, r{To oH cnoco6en a6crparwpo-
B B
Cnucor nocrroBurl Kyr,ixeleao, rroKa rop-sr{o. He s ceou carrH rle ca.rlacb. Her ruua 6es ofu"s. He nce ro 3oJroro, qlo 6recrzr. IIec py6xr - uIenKH rrerflT. Lilara B MerxKeHe ),Tar4Tb. B rnxom oMlre qeprn BoAqrc.s. .Ilro6nurt :rararbcfl. - nw6u H caHor{KHtso3HTb. 9ro noceerub,To lz noxHeurb. Orort,rorc.s KorxKe MbrrrrKprHbr ctre3Kr,r. I-{r'ln.nxrno oceHu cr{ulaN)T. He.rero na 3epKanorrcHflTb,Ko/rz po)Kar(puna. He rpacua us6a yr namr4,a l'r.pacrlanp{pof :rMu. Tr.rureeAeurb - Aa,'rbrrre6ygenrn. He ronopn rorr, noKa He nepenpbrfHerrrb.
gape?attro"o4"+4
o'a5ro *
kur-rsrrc",tso Celru pas orMepb - oAHH pa3 orpe)Kb. tscrpeuarcr rro oAe]ffie, a npoBo)Karor no yMy. Ha eope umar'na ropuT. Kax ayxHerc.rr,TaKH orrgruKHercr. Mar sororHnn, AaAopof. lop6aroro Mornrra ncrrpaBLrr. OAnrr B noJreHe BoHH. He rpznv gyurofi. Kor lramaxal. |rlac sonuroulero B rrycrbrHe. Kurura roHKa. fisa canora - fiapa, B6ult' ce6e s roJroBy. folona canoBafl,. .flsr,rruofi - npar uofi. 3acraet nypaKaMorxTbc.r - orr ce6e u to6 pacnu6er. Molo4eq cpeArr oBerl, a Ha MonoArla vr caM oB\a. Mypaurra no Ko)Ke. Oguu c cornxori, a ceMepo c noxrori. Kax o6yxonr rro roJroBe. Kouap Hoca He noATorrHT. Kar co6axe n'lrafl. Hora. 9el.r galture B Jrec,reu 6onrure ApoB. Kax rpolr cpeAa scsoro ne6a. fieHel rqpbr He KJrroror. ,4)4xa yxna B n.rrrKH. Epocal reHb Ha rrJrereHb. To.[o.{t BoAy B cqme. llycrrart, KosrraB oropoA. Malo Karrru eJr. Bypx n craKaHe Bo/Ibr. Osqnrrxa Bbr{eJrKH He cror.rr. Hocurr BoAy B perxere. 3anperutni ruroA cnaAoK. Xorr, xol Ha roJroBeTerrrh. Kar o6 creHr(v fopoxoM. Oguoro norfl rforbl. Bolxon 6oqrr,cq - B JrecHe xonaTb.
Oqenxa peyJrbraroB (JrIeHKa, 9 B 7 6arulrl KOJIruCCT. BOnpaBLIJIbHbD(
6
5
2C r 9 1B r 5- 17
4
r3-r5 r o - I2
2
1
7 - B )-o
+
)
OTtsCTOB
O6tscnesae cMbrcJraQpaeu 6yxea-rrtHoulw ua co6cTBeHHbrxnpHMepax roBopHT o ToM,qTOqerOBeKr.rMeel' uust<wft.).poBeHb pasBurr4fl,HaBbrKoBo6qeuu.s.
,CPABHEHUE NOHNflIfr" I-{elr gaHHofo recrvpoBaHnn - r4ccJreAoBaHue HaBbrKa cpaBHeHufl,, yMeHvnr aHarn3upoBaTb u npoBoAHTb cr.rHTe3 noH.fiTHrZ. Zcnulryenrdi Ha3Barb, qeM noxolKr4 v seM 4olxeH pa3naqarorcs cJroBa xaxgorZ rrapbr.
Cnncornap cJroB [eur' - rrovr Kopona - norxaAb Jler.rvtx - Mop.rrK .lllrxa - cauKrz Tponnek6yc - rpauuari Pexa - Mope Moroqzx,r - asrouo6zls Co6axa - KorxKa Copoxa - ilIyKa ,IIen- rzrp Carrorer - napoxoA Jloxr, - ornr.r6xa EornHox - KapaHAarrr
fpyua - cnv.Ba ,rles - co6axa BopoHa - nopo6efi Moroxo - BoAa 3ororo - cepe6po Cauu - Tenera BopoHa - rycb Tonorr - r4Ba CxasKa - xorrr6elr,nas llerlsax - HarropMopr Ilouragr - Hae3/IHZK Kornxa - r'pyttta fo;ro71- r(exqla
Ecrz ncnrrryeulrrl c rpyAoM Haxogur cxoAcrBo rlrrv pa3rr4sr4e, aro roBopur o cna6oM pa3BZTur4 le^arbr:xa f
=..-tD
a a,a, rtl tryl
,s
oa6nq
s:lPeacrts{r)2Ga4er-.
lcuHqKdtsG
ooooilIeHHfl H IILI}KOM ypOBHe pa3BvTur npoqecca MbrlrlJreHkr-s.Baxtro o6parurt, BHr4v,aHkreHa ro, qro r.{crrbrTyeMoMy AaeTCtr refqe - BbrrBJrer{ue cxo/ICTBA Unv pa3nwqt4s,.
cytrJEcTBEHHbtX npu3HAKOB,
-BbtaEnEHuE 3agauut IaHHoro recra npeAHa3HarreHbr AJnr BbrflBJreun.s oco6ensocrefi MbrctrurenbHoro npoqecca. yMeHr,rq orraqarb BDKHbre npv3HaKH rrpeAMeroB wnu flsneHuir or MaJro3HaqaxIHx. flo rony, KaKHe npr43HaKa 6stnwBbrAerreHbr, Mo)Kr{o cyAHTb o AoMrrHr4poBaHVLrKoHKperrroro HnH a6crparruo_ ro o6pasa MblrrJreHna. I4cnlrryeuoMy ilpeA,bsBJrsror p.snbr cJroB: oAFro ilepeA cno5nofi H r-fiTb - BHlrpH nee. llpll BbrnoJrHeHtrw 3al\a_ ttuit ucnttrveMble I{oJDKHbr noKa3arl, HacnotlbKo y HHX pa3BlztTa cnoco6Hocrb BbrqBHTn a6crpaxrHoe 3HaqeHHe pa3nnqHbrx nousruit. Clona, Koropbre HaxoA_rrrcrr Brrwpa cro6xra, KaKHM-To o6pasou cBfl3aHbr c reM, Koropoe HaxoAlrrctr nepe4 Hefi. Heo6xo4aMo ocraHonurb csofi, nlr6op JrkrlrrbHa AB),x _ Ha rex, Koropbre e 6orlrxeri creneHz cB_rr3aHbr co crroBoM. cro.arqzM rrepeA cno6xofi . Cnracor clos 1.CaA(pacteuun,caAoBHprK, co6axa,sa6op, seu-rla). 2. Pexa(6eper,psr6a,plr6olos, "r'vHa,no4a). 3. fopog (anlonro6rz Jrbr:Jl\)trr4tr,ToJrrra,ynv1a, tseno_ cune4). 4. Capaii (ceuonal, JrorrraAb, Kpt,rlrra,cxor, creuu). qepre)K,croporra, KaMcrrb,gepeuo). (1ur,r, 2.XyO 6. [etrc:e.we(xlacc, AeJrprMoe, KaparVIan,4elnrent, 6y_ MAra). 7. Konlrlo (4r.ranrei'p, .dJrMa3, npo6a, oKp),rnocrb, aoloro). 8.tlreHxe (rlra:a, KlrHr.a, TeKCr,oqKH,cnoBo).
. & ,rr42tft
>d"
9. I'azera (upanga, lrpolIcrIrecrBr4e, KpoccBopA, 6y rraral pegaKrop). 10. I4rpa (xap'ru, r4rpoKn, Qzurxrz, :nax?3anvre,rtpasma). I L Bofua (calroler, [yrrrni.r, cpDKeHHe,p].DKbq, col4aml). 12. K:,:'l,r'ra(pacyHxra, paccKa3, 6yvara, orJraBrreHpre, rexcr). 13. lfenlle (:nou, r4cKyccrBo,roJroc, annoAr.{cMeHTbr, lrelo4nx). 14. 3eurerpqcerrr4e (noxap, cMeprb, rore6anaq no.{Bbr,rxyM,Hanct4Her lr re). 15.I)u6luorexa (crolbr, Krlllr,lz,quruu,r.utfr 3 n, |ap4epo6. qnrarerl). 16.IIec (novsa, rpu6a4 oxorHHK,,4epeBbl,oolr). 17. Cnopr (ve ganr,,opKecTp, cocTs3A]H]u^s,, no6ega, cr aAr4orl). 1B. Eontsaqa (nouerqertv.e,).KoJrbr,Bpaq, rpaAycHlrr, 6onruue). 19. Jlto6osr,(postq q\tscrBa,r{eroBe4 cB4aHr4fl.,csag},6a). 20.tlarpuorzau (ropoA, Apy3b.s,po1nrra, ceMb.rr,r{eJroBeK). Orsgrbr 1. Pacrenu.s,3eMJnr 2.6eper, noga 3.34artue,ynvflIa 4. Kpnura, creHbr 5. Ymtr, cropoHa 6. [enuuroe, AenuTe.rb 7. fluaverp, oKpyrnocm B. hasa, TeKCT ).Byvara,peAaKTop l0. I,Irpoxtt,rrpaBvrra Oqeura pesynbraroB
l l. Cpaxeuhe, coJrgarbr l2.Bymara,TeKcr 13. lonoc, MenoAr4s 14. Kone6aur4s rroqBbr,rrryM 15. KHzrrz, qrTarenvl 16. flovna, AepeBbq 17.CocrseaFrran,no6ega 18.Bpav,6olruue 19.9)'ncrea,qerroBeK 2O.Pop:,tua,qerroBeK
o{r.rq *
. G -'(%ry1* Y. 15. HenasuAerb, flpe3uparb, Her.oAoBarb,Bo3Myrrlarb--' soP@P(rn'l2€4-1e..
ku'srKcrno B rou cJr) {ae. KofAa r{cilr,rrveMbrfi gon,vcxaer MHofo ourn6o4 lroxcro rrlBopuft, o roM, qro )/ qeroBeKa KoHKpgrHo_ czryarr4BHoe MbrrrurerraeAoMuHap,ver HaI a6crparrHo_ nofHqecKLlM.
Ecla ncnlrrveMbre rrpu BbrnoJr:rre:rlr4:zsanauwh coBep_ Irraror olJttt6xtt, rro [oroM uxwcrrpawffiroT, To aro foBopr4T
o ToM, qTO qeIoBeK
HMfrvJrbcaBeH.
C-fl, IIOHZMATb.
16. Vcnex, :r'eyila.va,y Aaqa,Rbrr4fpbrrx, cnoxo RcrBHe. |7. Ctvrenafii,xpa6pufi, peilrr{TeJrbuttit, 3loit orr;a;KHuii. 1B. 1n6ol, zo tef.6o n, xoxxefi, nJraBaHr4e, 6acrer6ol. 19. fpa6ex, Kpal*ca,3eMnerp.flceHze,nop2Kor, :aaila;LeHpIe.
20. Kapaugarr, p\qxa, pefi cQe4ep, elou acrep, qepHr.ura.
lt cKntor{EHUE nulI HEro
" 3agawvx recra rrpeAcTaBneHr,rB Ats)x Bapr,raHTaxiMa_ Tepuan ptn zep6anbHoro z uenep6aJrbHoro uccne1ioBa_ uus. B AaHHoMcJryr{aeHccJreAyercqcnoco6Hocrl o6o6_ u\arb va6crparupoBarb, a raK)Ke BbrAensrb 3HaqaMbre npr,r3HaKH. I. CrosecHbrfi BapEaHT Braxqqo^aps4'3anacarro 5 cnos. tr4zuux4 uoxso coeAu_ HHTbB oAHy rplrrny vH.a3Barbee. Oguo c.rroBoz: 5 ulorHo orycruTb. Tecrupltorcfr nLil\a He MoJroxe lI_12 ner. 1. Crol, cryJr,KpoBarb, rror, nxa@. 2. Moloxo, cJtLrBKr4, cajlo, cMeraHa, cblp. 3. Eoru*rxx, carlofu, rxHypxr.t,BaJreHKH, Ta[oqKI,r. 4. Moloror, KJIeIIIT4, frnIra, rBo3Ab,Torrop. 5,.Cnagxu:i', ropxuuh, xlrclsrri, roptxzri, colenslrZ. 6. 6epesa,cocHa,AepeBo,4y6,enr. 7. Catroner, Te.[eta, qeJroReK,ropa6lr, tscnocvtteA. B.Bacwnufi,
)\{zsol JV
II. flpe4ue'nr wfi nepuanr Dts. ncnsrauus weo6xoAaM ua6op KaproqeK, Ha KoTopbrx nso6paxeHo rro 4 npegvrera. LlcnatryeMoMy Heo6xo4nirao y4anvrb 1 npegilrer u3 rplmnbr, a oc.raBrxuMc-rr4ar-r,o6qee Ha3BaHue.}{ s ro )Ke BpeM.sueo6xop.r4Mofro.acHuTb,iloqeMy 6ru zcrcntoqeH HMeHr{o STor npeAMeT. flepnoe 3a1aHneMo)KHoBbrnoJrHHTb coBMecrHo c HCIrbrryeMbrM, a ocraJrbHbrerecrr4 pveivrlttl BbrnorH.rrer c aMo_ cTorrTenbHo.
-rI
qK Pnc. 1
o'":1n1,.qxcrHo
5riipeaa>t'-te:.4u,l
*
KK
b" Q Pnc.2
Pnc.4
jf / Ptrt'. .J
M
Puc.5
e[
,rrf#_
tb
ot"ro
sopertuttt-:er-t-t
r
A
Q r
i-.fl-l
{
fi n
r Puc.6
e
Puc. B
[2
ffi -f\
/
lffi
x
Pnc.9
k'\#"
G,
oq6ro ftf
kr.rusrot4o
t Puc.1O
Pnc.12
I'L'
{ Prrt'. tl
M
Pnc.13
ry
#o
s:.otpeerlar]De4-te&A
Aro
Oxouqanue ra6t.
9ucno 6ufios
XaparcrepucrnKapemerurfi sa4r.t CalrocrogteJrbHoAaer onucarenbH),roxapaKTepncrHr(y poAoBoro noHflTlrs Arq o6osua'rerlklfr.i
)\
1) o6reguurreMblx e oAHy rpynny rpeAMeroB (cron); )< 2) nutuwero ilpeAMela
I
I
Te xe SelZ'crvut,Ho npta noMorqa sKcnepzMeHTaropa gln o6osua.reHnq: 1) npe4rlreron, o6r'egnHeHHblx B oArry rpyrny; 2) rnruuero npeAMera He cnoco6eH onpeAeJIHTbpoAoBoe noruITHe
Pnc, 14
0 ;
H He MOXeT rroJlb3oBaTbc.[ rIoMoII{bIo An.fl o6ogHa.{euuq: 1) npegueros, o6:beAL{HeI{HbIx s oAHy rP}'nrY; 2) lrwlll:'ero npe/IMera
Oqesra ouepaqnu o6o6qenrul 9nc.no 6utnos
5
pemeHllt saAaq Xapamepu c'rvrr
Tecrnpyenutl nepHo H c aMocro.[TeJ'IbHoBbIAen.fler poAoBoe noHsrue 4,la o6oeuaqenr4fl: 1) o6'reguuqeMllx B oAHy rpyrny npeAMerots (cros); 5 2) rwmuero npeAMera (cJIoBa) 11p u o n peg e JteHr4rrpo/lo Boro noufl^tvtt n c rIbI rveur,rfi clHalraJTacoBep I I I ac'f ourt{ 6ry, noToM lacnpaBrrfler ee c aMocrotn'cJl bI I o pstt o6osaa r{eHH,g:
4 4
1) npegr'leroe, o6T,eAuI Ie r u IltX B oAHy rP)mnY; 2) runruelo rIpeAMfl'a
Tecr na s3btKoBof)4HreMeKr 1. Oruerrre cJIoBo,KOTOpOe He noAxoA,LrT no 3HaqeHI{IO.
A. Aero6yc 6. fpyaonar B. AsroMo6lam L Beproler 2. B raxgoir us noclleAylouux roirt6nuaguit 6yxz cKpbrro Ha3BaHHe)KHBorHoro. OnpeleluTe, KaKoe I43 HHX He noAXoAI4T nO 3Haqel{Hru.
A. A.nre6 E. Prnuxo B. CnsqFIt
f. Oraruu
o{6rq ftf
. & -<4Vft
s:.lt?ePrjnr7)el.4el-.
ruuqKuFo
nocronuqa? 3. Kax 3aKaHquBaercr{ He pofi Aplrol{yrMy" A. a to asrpoxrr re6e. 6. u cam B Hee He ynaAemb. B. cau B FreevnaAerxb. Il rax6y4euncaMyMHee. 4. Oluem
clroBo, Koropoe He no.4xoAr.rTrro cMbrcJry
AP)'I'I4M.
A. Bos4pi 6. Kpnro B. KepoczH L Orcranarop 5. Kar 3aKaHqvr.aercflnocroswt\a? Kro pauo BCTaer... A. ror go6po :aax
x
9. llog6epnre cJroBo,Koropoe coorBercrByer no cMbrcrry o6onrrr AarrHbrM: rpava / 6er A. Xinrelt 6. lepu B. BuroH L flerpuura 10. Kaxoe v3 vrkrx cJroBHe noXxoAHT no cMbrc/ryApyrwJ A. flaHqer E. Tonop B. Mo,rorox L Tecax
11. Kaxas qaclb cJroBa,rrpHCoeAHHeHHas, K ,4aHHbrM, npr4laeT lru currcl? Ctttto -, rrcuxo-, acrpo-, A. Qar E. lrnu B. aw;ults Il ror l2.Bcraabre r{acrb cJroBa,Koropar orc}TcrByer s cro6KAX.
Macxa/axcpe'r / wacrep Tparrup / .../pecropau A. xcacal,r E.parirap B. xapcep I porxap 13. Kaxoe v3 ?'t'l,z'X cJroBHMeeToAHo H To )Ke3Har{eHr4e, r{To 14o6a gauuutx? lIIoQep ...BoAure;m... A. KoHgl.xlop E.llpoeogHvr B. Pyrenori l, llulor
s:.li?eLrl}{rl2€4-te-
oq6rq rurrqrtrtad 14. Karofi qacrbro cnoBa 3a:r r,qutsaerctl nepBoe v :ua' qHHaerc.rrBTopoe/ llu/.../oc A.,IIor 6. Por B. Bon I lon 15. Karcoec.[oBo orc]"TcTByern nepeuHe? nfri1o,oKopoK. Kopona, KlpHrIa, cBr4Hb-fi, A. [Inuuerr E. Mo.irono B.llepu f. )Knp 16. Bcrasbre s cro6Kz qacrb cJIoBa,.rro6r,I I4MKoHqanocb nepBoe cnoBo vHaqLaHuTocbBTopoe. Pv / ../na A.aa 6. Hu B. xa f. cy l 7. llafiaure crroBo,Koropoe He coolBercrBver Ap)'rI4M, A. Crya< E.3peuue B. Pyra I fopuon 18. 9erupe Aox.[a.4q].rKaBbrcrJrrraJrzc reMaMrl: <.Alte<.[nllr areln4,>,<.XftaeorHoBo.qcrBo>. pHKa,>,<.BepoarHo611,,>, Karosa reMa rrsroro /IoxraAquxa? A. Mprecrso 6.9erosex B. Mopexogcrao f. Hsoronrr 19. Kaxoe H3 HMeHHe coorrJelcl'nver 4pyrnlr? A. Earpa'rnou
6. Kyryson
B. Mnpar I PaeecKrarz
lE _.vb2/4.
x.
20. Kax oKaHquBaetcxrroclonrlqa? [lyauuan BopoHa... A. u s rrec He Jrerr4T. E. a ryc'ra 6ontcs.. B. caua ce6s.6ourcs.. I ua c1x He ca1urcn. 2 L Kax 3aKaHqnBaercqnocro zutTa? Ha.{To vwra1... A. ecru MonoA u6ora'r. E. ecru MoJroAH )KeHar. B. ecrz vrarpan. L xorlz B ceMEeJraA. 22.Kaxoe cJroBoHe coorBercrByer no cMbrcnygpy'rzu? A. Kzr E. OryHu B. Cerrgr, l Aryra 23. Kaxoe c,rroBonoAxoAHTno cMbrcJryrpeM AaHFrbrM: ypoK,/IocKa.4nepr? A. Mororox 6. Men B.llnrrecoc L O6opoua 24. Karoe r{3 crroB coorBercrBver no 3Hat{eHrzro AaHHUU? flpn6rrrue, ro-flBreHHe A. TepneHue B. AAP B. EAa f. Poxgeuze 25. Bcraeme s cxo6rn nponluleHHue 6yxatt. Cr_rraiino (vyao) oxoHr{arerbHo
,s
oaarq
r.:.;leerzrrttrne44et-. _
rr.rxqr'Ho
>/1,
AsloMarz.r ecrcuir(...)alerrpa.{ecKzrZ A. Crasr 6. Crvs B. Orre
B. I{cryccrBer{Hbre BoJroKHayxyArrraror Kar{ecrBo Hauren )KLt3Hr4. I Oreauu 3arraMarorABerperu roBepxHocru 3eulIa.
L Ilelc
Ta6mt4a orBeroB B ganrrofi ra6nuqe nu uaiigere BepHbreoraertr. EcrH uaura 61mnaorBela coBrraAaer c npaBuJrbrroli, sannrurlle ce6e 6ann.
26.9ro o3Haqaer cJroBo,cKpbrroe e ror46r4Haqaa6yxn MMAKCHYP? A. Crpaua 6. Pexa B.lopog l. )Kaaornoe 27. Bcrasb"te s cxo6xz qacrb cJroBaraK, vro6u vM 3aKaHqr4BaJrocb rrepBoe 14HasprHaJrocbBTopoe.
nap (...)ap A Otnt B. Vc B. CoH LAr 28. Kax riaquHaerct noclonuqa? ...Tofo ue 6yger 3Harb L4saH. A.9ero rre 3Haer llerp, E.9ero BatrlouraFrer4Meer, B.9ero rre 3HanBaHKlura, | 9ero Fre3Haeub caM. 29.Kaxoe cJroBoorcy'TcrByer n nepevHe? Ilzgxar, py-6aruru,6p roxu, raJrcr).K,6otznnlr. A. Hocxrz F.9acu B. Penclrr, Il lerrllz 30. Kaxoe r43cJreA),rorrlnxyrBep)K4crrufi npe4craBnqer co6oir roqKy spenux? A. )KIzsFIl HMcc'l' r l:lrtllJt() n I(()nct [. E. Ory,peq rra 90?, c()c't'ol{'t'tl3 lJ(}lbr.
Ns saAaHnff
flparrurrunrrt OTBCT
Bame perrreHHe
1
I-
AEBf
2
A
AEBf
3
B
AEBf
4
f
AEBf
5
E
AEBf
6
f
AEBf
7
E
,{6Bf
B
6
A6Bf
9
E
AEBf
r0
A
A6Bf
11
f
AEBf
12
6
AEBf
r3
t
AEtsf
r4
A
A6BI'
245
Eut:nnr
s',pe*an''"",.q"+4
ot"r-rr kcprqrrtrao
S
Ns gaAaHHt
flpanranrHrrfi OTBCT
Bame pellrerure
I5
E
AEBf
16
B
I7
Ouerr a Earurr
L4-T5 17-22 23-30 31 rog JICT roAa net n crapme Euurt
Ea;un
O6qas orleHr(,l
Koa@uqNern LII{TeJI'IeK-
ryeJrbHocr'll
Ea.lurbr
Sarulrr
AEBf
24-30 26-30 28- 30
25- 30
OqeHr, xopoIxo
Cnrrrue130
A
A6Bf
17-23
r8 -24
Xopour
Oro.ryo120
1B
f
AEBf
I2-16 20-22 7 9 -2 r
rg
B
A6Bf
l 0-11
20
E
A'6Bf
08-09 r3 -1 6 | 5-16
2I
f
AEBf
07
)1_)<
l7-
I c)
12
a Mel tb- H MCHb.
22
A
A6Bf
)1
E
ABBf
24
f
46Bf
)<
B
AEBf
26
B
A6Bf
27
A
AEBf
28
B
AEBf
29
A
A6Bf
30
B
AEt}I
C6qee KoJrr{qecrBo 6aruron:
{ao
Ixe
IlIe
)
)
)1
17-r8
r4 IJ MCHb-
[Ie
1.5-17
1 3 -r 4 lt-12 10 A MCHF,-
rue
Btrure cpeAHero Hnxe cpeAHefo
Orolo I lO Orono 90
Hnzrulfi
Oroao 80
O.reHr, rrn3Krlil
HuxeTO
s:..lipeau}{rl2€4-ta,
fnaea5. PA3BNT4EhHTEMEKTA 5.I. HEffPOEI,IKA. CAEAAET.I ilIIP qPqE BeAb BOCCTAHABAH. Balorcg> - noact'goe noloxelrre MLnno npnBbrqKe cqt'taeM r'rcrnHa+. Tbu ne ue.Hee yLreHbre npHBeAx AOKaSATCIbCTBA TC ro, tlTo 3TOyTBeprueHrre He coBCeM Dep HO,nOTOMyrrTo B)CCTAHOBACflLTj Hep1ltbi"y' LAflfi)K BIIOAHCBeIaOqrH.\.D Aauuou cryqae H.r Bbrpy\rKy rrpu,A)"r 3|eMeqrapHbre ynpaxHeHael, XOM|IIICKCKOTOpb/Xnoryr\H HaaBaHHeIlIilpObnKII raK HadlbrBae, uou aspcbnxu At^sttoAoBHotO Moc3/8.
lletipo6ura - TaKoe Ha3BaHHenarr 3apflnte AJr.rr fojroBHofo Mo3ra npoQeccop neirpo6uotroruu Jlolpenc Kary (CIXA) Dru i,rrpaxrreHus AenarcT rraMrrb ocrpee, aKTLr.Br43r4p)'roT pa6o'ry Mo3fa H vnyqlxarcT HacTpoeHr4e. OnuTHltlr rryreM ya{er{rJe Aona3uur: HepRHbre rcrrerKl,I cnoco6Hr,l BoccraHaBirtrBarbcr, /{a eule KaKcrroco6Htr ! ZHTeJuerflyaJrbHbrecnoco6socrn Hc,roqarorcr He rror.o&ry, qTo oTMHparoT I{epBHbre K.[eTKH, a B CB.S3HC TeM, qTO HCCfl_ K2rOT BO3MO)KFrOCTr.IAeHApHTOB, KOTOpbre npoBoA.rrT HM_
rryrrbcbr or oAHorl KrrerKr,i x 4pgori. B ron cJry{ae, ecJra Me)KA)'rCrreTKaMH Bpewr OT RpeMerru He noAAep)KHBaTbCB.S_ 3H, Aeq{pnt'br Mor\rl arpoQnpolarbcfl nogo6Ho MbrrrrrlaM, Koropbr e /loJl'o HaxoA.rrrcq 6es Qu:tu vecrofi uarpy':xr.r. B csoe BpeMrr rroratarr:,z., qro Hotsbre AeHApHTbr Bo3HHKaroTnHrIIr, TotrbKo yAeTeLi. HO COeCeN{ rreAaBHo cTaJror_13_ BecrHo, vro nelipoHr,r HMeror crroco(rr rocrb B3paIIIHBarb HoBbre AeH[pu'tbr, qro6lr xorb KaK-T'o l]ocrroJrHr,rrb ]Tp ary crapbrx. folonsol:i Mo3r qeJr()neKxMo)Ker aAanrr-rpoBarbcfl K TaKHM cMer{aM u.t,parrcQtopMLlpoBarb crp}r(rypy or_ ar-)rof
fv
.,& '-
:fi
Honrerrnfi. Ha6ase grrzx 3arc[roseuw{tr4 BbrBoAoBu co3na_ Ha HEftPO6I4KA - aepodaKa )an aosea,Oua nuuyxgaer pa3rurrHbre orAenbr Lt 3oHbr roJroBHoro Mo3fa pa6orars 6lrcrpo u rapMoHr4rrHo. Eutu asanz3upoBarb c rro3lrrlzr4 rpaMMarHKH. <.HerZ_ po6ara" sBJUreTCfl cJto)KHr,rM cJIoBoM,cocronrUa, H3ABp( sneMeHToB:ccfle(pott(ueiipouu - rrepBHbrercrreTKr4 L,rwrerKr-rMo3ra) u (?oOAKfu, (aualoruvHo c
Hprxro He ),'MaJUrer Balnr:rocru accorlr4ar\rrfiArurnolHo_ qeHnofi pa6orbr rolroBHoro Mo3ra.ynparxHeHpr.rr rr3 KoMn_ neKca rrefipo6rrru co3AaHbr ra:rlzM o6pa3oM, .{ro6tl cQoplrnpoBarb B roJroBe cBexue acco\:zrar\Hu.Ouu cr:a_ BrT r{erroBeKanepeA ueo6xo7lnuoc.r,r,r()rrocMoTpeTbHa Mr4pAplTr4MI,Jrna3aMl4. B gercxue roAbr Bbr}nIceoBJraAeBaJru reM, r{To Bac oKpyx(aJro, MaKCHM aJrbHo t4clroJrb3yq BO3MO)KHOCTH BCeX Opra_
HoBrry'BCrR. Kax npou.""t1t
pe6eHrcac Ho_ 1Tl*oMCrBo {\
*frF o{&rq ruHqrccrHo
s,,pe*.,n''""oo"<*
noii nrp_r'umori? OH ee paccMarpnBaer, crl.rcKuBaer B KvtraqKe, coTpflcaeT, noAHocHT K Hocy, HCnbITbIBaeTHa BKVC. Kar nocrlnr.rr B3poc.lbrfi .{erosex, KorAa WlenvIT Ha crore rrorpeMyllrKv? B rryrulrent cr\rqae Malflg.HaJrbuo saQzrcnpver B yMe Mbrcrrb
Cnopm;a",to,tt0zlofyzenutuSaattmuirueiVofiuaoi cmarn&ttmut npodauzecKuecofumut nawei zcu7,- \ Hu - aawu 6y)au *# mar, ADKe carn;h npHBbIr{9ro6r,l ilpeRpaln'rs.ruo6ori s ue{tpo6H.{ecxoe ynpDKHeHI4e, ttttit u 6vAnz.{uHit, neo6xo4nmo, uro6r,l oFr orBeqan onpeAe,'IeI{I{bIM vcnoBr4rrM..{onycrnn, Bbr npelrrra, a 3Har{zr, v3o p:uttB AeHb RbI nulrrere pr^rxori. Hc ;11uati't'c, qlo, 3aMeIItItt p)'.{ry'' KapaHAalxoM r4lrv nu 6ygele rperrHporia'r'r, csoii nosr. Br'r ^,r2lpKepoM, ouru6aereclo lnt rolo .n'o6r,r ccpopuupoBaJlr{cb IIoBbIe CBfl3I,I MCX(AV OTAC.IIAMH H 3OIIANIH IOJIOBIIOIO
MO3IA,
H),}K-
Ho erte, KpoMe ororo, nepeMcrrHTr,p)rv, Koropoii tsbrpa6olaele. Xorr' al'o IrcJlorir{()u ucrlpngblt{Iro, IIo AJISroJloB bl noltb3 a I lcor [L l tr r r t ur !
5.2. KAK PASOTAETHEffPOSIIKA Hzxe AaHbrrpr4 ocHoBHbrx ycnoBH.rr,Koropbrw o6ssa_ Hbr orBeqarn nefipo6usecKue 1rtpalrHeHus. 1. B Hosorzo6craHosxe Hy)KHocAeJrarbrar, vro6sr 6sulo sa4elictnonaHo HecKonbKo opraHoB r{},tscre.Ha_ rrpr4Mep,Mo)KHononpo6onarb rrrHypoBarc 6c:rurttz,3a_ KpbrBrrra3a.llpu no44eplKKe ocs3aHvrrr. 2.B;lst
habauti npanqunnetipo6uru- rocrorHHo MeHrrbcn
caMoMy H H3Merurrb BCeBoKplr ce6.r. A BbrrrorHeHne rHM_ Hacrvlr.r4 Anq Mo3ra craHoBurc.a o6pason )r{u3Hvr. Ho sce 3TO He o3HaqaeT, t{To r{}DKHOHe3aMeMr.rTeJrbHo pacnpo_ ulaTbc.fi c trroAbMH, KOTOpbreAonfoe BpeM' BaCOKppKa/rH. Her Heo6xoAHMocrH r.t B ToM, .{ro6ir cpoqHo cMeHptrb gnef aFrrH)'ro npar{ecKy 3KCTpa Baranrsofi crpaxxofi ala orrrpaBr.rrb cn wa wpafi, 3eMJrH v3W arb rrycrbrHHbre reppr4 _ TopHH. Bnolue AocraroqHo 71rtr aKTHBr43ar{^u pa6oru, ICICTOK|OIOBHOIO MO3Itl npOC't'OH3MCrrH.r.r, CBOK))Ktr3Hb B Meroqax Ha ceroAHsutttulfr r.ierrlnv HaBCefAa. I4rrorAa qe_ .rroBeKAa){te He rroAo3peBaeT, HaCKOnbKo atsToN{aTHqecKH Bbrnonrrser oH pa3nzquue 4eIlcrBaq, HacKo.rlbKo oH npeAcKa3veM H ilpocr{r,rrbrBaeM. llorolrv_ro 3apfll\r
oaaro ftf
saperzart'o"ooa-
karrqroFo
Mo3fa Harye)r
I
:tl !..'..'.
0nqeeo)trc/nbtc naKoi Ae?Kocnbp on Caoeeo OnKAgbBAemCfl UcnUAAoeO Wrt?
Be4r lmr crpeMaMcq cyrqecrBoBa"rbraK,Kar(oilIyulaeM, 3aflBlrfl'rq r{'ro 3To 6eloe, ectll4 ilaqespnlr 6eloe, I4 r{epHoe, ecrru Brr.l\Lrv'o6'rerr qepHofo rlBera. Tar ue crparxuTecb nepeMeH, He po6eiire, ecJrpr3aA.vMaJil4r43v'elnr4Tb cBoro lnn3Hr! 14nycxari nefrpo6vxa cAerraer nepnnrZ ruar K coBeprxeuno uosoft , AerreJrbuoft xt'tsttu. Heuoxo 3anoMHI,ITbt4 To, r{To r'pu 3a:g.g,,"tklax uelipo6ttxolf., xax z rro6srMr4AplruMH )rrpDKHeHVtrMr4,rreo6xoAkrMayMeperrHocTb. !{e ugnruo cmpe.l4urflbctK mo,4t!, zmo6u zn6oi c&oi npouS&otttnui utaz c1e,,tamo aeipofuzeagut Eno,,tne4&amum nec4ozt4u4 Sa4auui uS onpeile- \
,euuozo paSoeza.
Ho Hefipo6zra Her1po6wxoft.,a sa6usars npo rpa4nTpeHtrHf yMa He cToHT:perrrer{HeKpoccBopAoB tlr4oHHbrrz H f OJIOBOIOMOK,r{TeH?Ie I I ayq I IO- [O[yntIpHOlI nIdTepaTy pbr, ocBoeHHc Hrroc'fpailrrF,rx u3brKoB, nlTerxecTBzs. no crparre H MHpy, o6ulerrae rrpulrcclrr 6o,rrtu4.no noJrb3y.
ONTU}IAAbHOE HAqAAOAHf, flonsrrarlrecL, cMeHr,rrb rrrrnuqrry io I \Jnr Bac yfpeHrlroro IdepeMoHHro, KoTop)4o Bbr couep rrrxc'l'c Ha <.2BTofIHJIoTe'>, 3aAaHt4g,Mvt H3 Kypca rrcr-tpo(lrxr.r. Ilcrr
&, ^?c
Ka,3anaxaxoQe, a Mo)Ker or 3B),KoBlro6pruori,arroO"r* lipocro rrono)Kure BeqepoM oroJro KpoBarH xopo[ro 3a_ Kpbrrbrrz cBeprom c lro6uu apoMaroM. "rlurui ToJrbKo npocHerect, pacxpolZre ero. II rorga )Tpo rlenyro HeAe_ rro 6y4er accoqar.rpoBarbcry Bac HMeHHoc AaHHbrM3a_ IIaXOM.
Tenept Harrrq/Tb Jrorrzr B Bar{HyroKoMHary.Eclu y nac uer npo6leM c paBHoBecHeM,nonr,rrafirecb nocro.fiTb noA AyrueM c npr4KpErTbrMr4fira3aMr4. Ouryrnre KaqecrBo noBepxHoc.tu kr 3ailaxrex npeAMe_
TOB, KOTOpbIMH BEr nonb3yeTecb: tetlrr IItr []j|;ilA, MOr{aJra, IIIaM[yH_s, noJro,I'eHIIa. I4nu o6na'*rrecb B oAe)KAy c 3aKpbrrbr Mv ma3aMl. !4r eroro noAroroBbre BeqepoM rof ,,ap"4, xoropsrfr \naHr4pyere rraAerb. Moxrro raxlr(e ycno)KFruTb 3al\avyi Ha oqyrrb HafrTln oge)r(,4y n raplepo6e. Kar Br,r o,r.Hecerecb KToMy,.{ro6tr saittu neo6xogaubre BaM Reulu He HCKrrro_ quren[,Ho pWaMIi', Ho r{ c rIoMoII{bK) ry6, uqex, Hoca. a Bo3_ Mo)KHo, urrorawu? Banru golrarrrHae HaqHyr no,reuarbcq? 3aro ler a 70 cl{e.srbcfl y)Ke cMo)Kere sH. A Barrr Mo3f BApyr OxBaTr4T[pr4qTHOe BonHerrve: r{epecqyp y)K HeIIpI,IBbrqFrbre 3a/I.aHwfl Bbr npr4foToButrr4lur_fl Hero, Ho npeTBOpsrb B Aer4crBuTerrbHocrb Hx BCe_TaKHrr1DKHo.Bor renepr TOqHO rureTKr4rrpr{Ay-r B /IBI4)KeHHe v a(ThB43r.{pyroTcr. A eal{ He croaT ocraHaBnuBarbcrl Ha aror{ DTane. pucx_ HHTe, 3aKpbrB trra3a, notrzcTuTb sy6tr (necoMHerrHo, orbrc_ Kr4Barb npaHagexrlocrn ry'tr aroro roxe neo6xo,rrzMo HalraA. ua oqlns). HAer 3anrpar. gro Br,r Mo)Kere npeAno)KnTr,? Ko_ , lanee c 6yrep6pogor,r? Bosr,l{Hre nyqrrre 4ylzcrr,rrl Qe poMarr_ KosHri 'faf1 u t
6---t6ra
saPe?a,"t"aqe+*
ruHqrcrtHd
aEHbE^l,t3t'tTc9 K t(oHuy B ro npelu, KofAa IeHb noAxoAHT K KoHTIV safrururect gtn ce6n accoL\har\r4li. llvcrt, eaHco3AaHHeM npzrrHbrx Ha.rr KoM H ara Ha[oJrH r4'rc fl, npvtrrs ofi uelo [ueit. llolee uuli Qpyconuli vafi, geroparuBHbre cBeqn, KlpurrbHr4rlbr c apoMaTuqecKr,rMn MacraMLT - BCe 3TO ITOMOXeT npHBner{b r pa6ore pa3nzqHbre opraHbr r{}tscrB Barxero oprar:nsMa. 14, nanpuwep, c Ht,rHerrrHero AHs Mbrrbe Mo'turxoft. nJw, Bac 6yler accor,Izr.rpoBatc.s c apoMaroM BaHvrrrr4,a.[acKoBbre crpyr4 [Wa - c uyssrxoli B crpure KaHTpr,t. Bapuaguit MHox(ecrBo, uMnpoBv3arJns. ToJrbKo rrpHBeTcTByeTcq. Ilpuuanu Bar{Hy - ornpaBlrsfnecr noqvrarb. Tolrro He npo ce6fl,, a )KenareJrbHo BcJrlD(.Ycrpofrre raK Ha3brBaelft,te cenefiHbre qTeHlUr. BcnomHzte, AaBHo JIH Bbr npOBOAHnH Beqep nog oguori xpuurefi w c taxoit HeMaJrolo nolmofi . llpollcxo4krr a:nTr4Bu3arJLrs. croJrbKr.rx orAenoB Kopbr ronoBHoro Mo3ra, KaKoe KoJrHqecTBo HHKOTAaHe ecrkl q:rrTart, npo ce6x. QyrrqaoHr4pyer, Yuectro 3aMerr4Tb, r{To ncuxoJror.Lr peKoMeHAyror r{agaM npoAoJDKurE, o6rl.{arz qr.ra,fb BCn}x lp6umsru BnJroTb Ao AocTH}(e}{rr.fl r4MId noApocTKoBofo Bo3pacTa, KOHer{HO, rrpl.I ToM ycIIoBW, IITO OHH He npoTr4B.rrTc'I Touy, vro6u uM qt4Tarw. O gocrouHcrBax Bbrrrreonr4caHHofo.qerzcrBHs Mo)KHo He roBopHTb - 14-raKBCe_scHo. lnnrex, KTo yqr,rrc-fir{cilonL,3oBart uelZpo6lrKy, ceKc aro ceoeo6pasHrrri 6eagoHur,rfi HCToquHK /Ir_f,BAoxHoBeuun. llptt 3aHflTvrflx ceKcoM geficrayror BCe opfaHbr qyBcrB, Heo6xogulro roJrt Ko HaEr4^tbcfl.yMeno vMV \rrr?aB-
nsrt.Lr rorAa ae 6yden npehnncnciti dn nonyuiaun
oePomilo^oydocoleCn1(tfl.Bamu noMorrIHVKvr - 3To ne-
rrecrKLrpo3 Ha [pocrbrHrrx, 6laronoHHbre KJ,peHl,zrs., Macca)K C apoMaTnqecKHNrH MacJraMH,3aB_rr3aHHbre IxeIKoBbrM nJrat'KoMlrra3a, HaIHTKH n xpycraJrbuou 6oxale, poMarrTr4qecKa.s MeroAH.rr. Bor renepr-To y Mo3ra Her BpeMe[ru Ha org.brx:BoKpyr croJrbKoHoBbrxoqyrleHr,rh, Koropbrc ueo6xogauo noA_ BeprH)"rbo6pa6orxe. Bor sara H r{ayqrroe o6ocnoeaHue Toro, rrro ceKCVaJrbHaq xtr,r3rrbrroc.ro.rrHHo rpe6yer pa3Ho_ o6oasufl.
lrbt CESE aABMr C^OBO
HECXOAl,tTb c nyru npfiloro. Ho...
llpe4noloxp{M, qro nr,rgo6zpaerecr, na crryrr6y u o6_ parHo rra MarrrrrHe,HcnoJrb3yx o6rqecrseFrnnrfi TpaHc_ rropr r4rr4rretuoqKoM.y sac B ronoBe npoqHo 3aKperrneHa TOqHaflKapTaMaprxpyTa, K KoTOpOMyBbrnpABbrKJrH. Bu n xypce, KaKoeKorraqecrBo rxaroB BbrcoBeprxaere, rrpoxoAfl rryrb or cBoero AoMaAo ocraHoBKr4o6ur,ecrseH_ Horo rpaHcnopra? A, Mo)Ker, 3Haere, xaxofi peualrHurZ rrIHTcrolrr HanporLrB 6nuxafimero qmepMapxera? A nu xorga-uz6ygr o6paqarv B:gtr4vraHr4e Ha ro, r{To B oAHo prTo )Ke BpeMJrBaM BcTpeqaroTcfl OE:a:a14Te )Ke nrcgu? Cnouqeurpupykre Ha groM cBoe BHktManvre _ H nepByro cranuro 3ar:flTun Hefipo6zxofi Us ynprrlbr Bbr )DKeoAo_ JIC,'I,i.
EHsaer pr raKoe, qro qenoBeKc rpyAOM BcnoMuHaer, KaKHMo6paeolr go6pancx cefoArls, _ exarMarrrvHarrbHo. B pasyme Bc.f,KoroqeroBeKa 3a BpeM.flero cytqecrBoBaHa_s oTneqaTblBaeTcfl.
orpoMHoe
KOIpIqecTBo
MbrcJIeHHbIX
cxeM-KapT:rorox(eHHe noMerrleHnli o rnaprape, pac[o_ Jro)KeHpreyrprrl B fopoAe, MecTopacnonoxeHr4e aBTO_ Tpacc, f ocyAapcTBprKoHTtrHeHToB. llpuxa;xrzre ce6e pa3pFrrr4TbAopo)KHbrecrepeorunbr. nu co6upaer:ecborrrpaB Lrrbcs,ua pa6ory ua raur"ure. !r^t . TorAa nonunalitecb cecrb B Hee, 3aBecrvMorop H rrpncrer_ Hfrb peMHv 6egonacuocrz, 3aKpbrBfJrasa.Ilpuo6perrrre HeMHofo pa3rr4r{Hbrxno @arcr1peorureroK Ha pyJrbr,rMe_ HrrraTeHx qepe3 AeHb. OrlpauarlTecb B n),rb no Her43f{eHHoMy Map[rpyry. Ilycwaft nossrri npb oKorerc.rr HeMHor.o AJrkrHHee,3aro co6cr_seHHbreopraHbr q,\tscrBHaqH\,r pa6orarl B rronm',ro czny. He :a6ygtre orKpr,rrb oKHo. pasHoo6pa3Hbre 3B',Krj H 3anaxwA AW BarxeMyMo3ry 6olnuroe KoJrr4qecrBo cBe_ xerZ zuQopMar\Hw. Harsuvtre Ha plrfl4 nepvarrur. Dror rrpueM npr4TlmHT q)tscTBo ocA3AHArl,npeAocTaBr_rT BO3_ MO)KHOCTb 3HepfHqHeeBrglror{H]'r,cln pa6ory ocTajrbHbrM opraHaM qy.BCTB. 3anolsare Maprxplr pasuoo6pa3HbrMa 3AnAxaMvI, nphroroBr,rs sa6rarospeMeHHo HecKoJrbKoOTJIHTIHbIX Ap)'r or /Ipyra apoMaroB. Paspexrre KycoqeK nopoJroHo-
o-t6nq
s1Pelzurlrl2€4-to,
kurtqKrrt{o
no li ry6 xu wa t
Haxo4xcr, e anro6yce, nepe6uparire nonerbr B KapMaHe, rrbrrarrcb Bbr.rrcHuTb plx I{oMLrHaJr Ha orqy[b. Moxrro r:po nvcr arr,,rrc6oli xcyp lua"rrH3 Tex, Koropbre Bbr no o6uxHoBeHriIo He qr4Taere. Cauoe rnaBr{oe, He craHoBr4Tbctr 3aN{Krr}TbrM.lleperc.trmecb HecKoirbKHMH Qpaealrx c coceAoM, xoropr,lli cLnvr p.rrAoM, rolrwHTe c pe6eHxol,r. Eclu nu Ha MarrrHHe, nocaAaTe rrorryrr{r4xos u o6cygwre cHr4Mu nceBo3Mo)Knue npo6lelru. 3anouHr4Te, qro o6rIIeHHe .rrBJr.rreTcr3aJrofoM 3AopoBoro Mo3fa r.r 3AopoBoH NCI4XI,IKH.
Bnr6epzre Henpr4Bbrr{ttt'th pgn ce6a irrapurpyr nepeT'eMcaMbrMycno)KHHBce6e sagavy. K npniueIByrx<eHr4fl,, py, ecnn Bbr npeArror{r4TaerexoAr4Tbna pa6oqr nerrrxoM, HaMepeHHo coBeprxaTe KproK. BnolHe BepoflTHo, r{To TaM, 3a )'IJTOM3lJAHVrs., CKpbrBaeTCflMaCCAnerqel".rr4 BileqaTreHlan, Koropbre p,aAW BaM MHoxecrBo HoBbrx ugefi nlu Hacrporr Bac Ha neo6r,r.rHr'r{t naq HanpaBtr Baulu MbrcJrr4 s Heo6r,r.rHoe pycno. A eclu 4o6uparr,cq Ao Mecra pa6oTbr rre Ha MeTpo, a c noMoxlblo Ha3eMHOrO TpaHCrrOpTa, BaLilu opfaHbr q,\,tscrB 6lZ)"r Q1'urqzoHr4poBar[, Ha r]orrHl'ro MorrlHocTb.
nocTABltTbPAEOqltficTon
c Hor HAro^oBy
flepcnexrxBa norepu rraMfll'Il r.r"rrr.r coo6pa3urelrbFrocrr4 B cB.tr3prc BarrrlrM Tp)/ oM lrc oco6o paAyer. KaK npoxoAl{T narn pa6ovuir Jlern,l(l.rroxrrr,reorr{erbr, /loJrrue 3acel\aHrr.flH coBcrIl1trrru... Acr'
F
-K+;pyE*
T,qecKrr. I Ioarolry ueitpo6uuaAocra,roq rro o pf aHHq ""1C Mox(er Bnr.rcarbcfls rro6orl pacnoprAoH rpygonoro AHJr, npH 3TOMHe HapyrxHBAHcrlr{urptrrbrr,rHe oTpbrBa,oT pa_ 6orsr cocrry?Kr4BrIeB. 6laro4apn npuBbrrrHouy u y4o6lroMy nopsIKV. Koro_ pbrrl Mbr co3gaeMHa co6creerrHoM pa6oveu croJre,pyKa caMa orbrcKaBaer ueo6xogurupo Berrlr,...A negt Mo)KHo noMeHqTbRCeMecTaMr.r: nailKy'c Qafinavu, re.rreQouHlrrz anilapar, cl'ennep, Kop3t4rrvg"tlfl Mlcopa. Moxllo BHecrII H3MeFreHr,rs B nocrreAoBaTeJrbHocTb r€)K/IoAHeBHbrX3arrfl_ tufi . nepegBr4Hlrb o6e4euu tui fl epepbrRHa norq aca. Hacroltuyro Jralr rry Mo)r(Ho[puKpbrrb pa3rrorlBerHbruvr QvlrrpaMr4, Lr rorAa oQnc 3aMerHo npeo6pa:vrrcl. @y'rnapu c 3anaxaMn croArrc.rr u ua pa6o,re.Cnq3slsafire pa3Jrur{Hbre3ailax]d H apoN{aTbrc pa3JIHr{HbrMuBu/]laMLl 3aHflTr4fl. -fnouqr,r, K npnMep)'. ct{HTaror,r{To N{ycKarH Kopr4qa noMoraror yBe.rruqr.rrbnpoAlr(TprtsHocrbrpyga. llno_ Abr MaHAapuHav nu Mor{a ns6agpunator. 3axsarure c co6ofi e oQuc nneep c 3annctrMr4cnorofirrolZ uysurz, BCeBo3Mo)r(Hbrx ssyuawuft [papoAbr (ruyua Iv{Opf,
IUeJIeCTa JII4CI'BbI AepeRbeB,
IOJTOCOB )KHBOTHbTX
a nrn u). llo sogr\doxclocrr.r BpeMrro6egeHuor,onepery)oBoAr,rre
pbrBa B pa3nHqrrbrx MecTax r4 c pa3Hr,rMn nroAbMH.
PbtHoKl,t^l,tltArA3uH? Tslc-Eqererr4s Ha3an\,.{ro6H Ao6rnt nr{lqy, qenoBeK 3arpa.<wBal yfiny 3Hepfur{ - HaJrHrIoiloroJroBHoe 3aH.rr_ rze uefipo6prxofi. Ile4t errcpurroe rofoBo Heo6xoguuo 6srlo Bbrc.rrex(LrBarb ilo 3an axry,o6llrrv, 3B),'KaM, saftrw xo poilee rvrecToI.JItrnoBnurpsr6r,r. B rrac.roxulee BpeMfl Mbr nHTaeMAoBepr4eK HaAnHcrM.Koropbre BHAlaMHa 6aHo.{_ Kax H ynaKoBxax. 3ageficrnoBaHbrrorrtKo 3puTeJrbHbre aHa"ril43a"topr,r. A Aplrpre opraHbr TryBCTB nuHyxq4eHu 6es_ 4etZcrnonam,.t{ro6r,l BocKpecr4Tl,n ce6e oxotnprqnri nncrHHKT, I43MeHvre raKTr4KVrrpuo6pc.r'ctn{r{ c.r)ecrHbrx rrpHnacoB. Ecrtt sll Bcer/la npuo6perarrr4 fipo,qoBotrbcrBne Ha llhrrrKax,Tor4a nporlgurecb no Mara3zHaM,aecrra B Mara:]Hrrllx - vcrpeMr.rrlirecs R cropoHy pbrHxa.flo$arrr.aez-
al
',,geP.,rt.'oe44ek4
h rq kuHrrtcctrro
pyftTe, KaKoe6nro4o npuroroBlzTe, FlenocpeAcrBeHHoBo BpeMrr noKITIKH IpOAVKTOB, fipL.l}{;{Maq BO BHHMaHr4e 3aBac ecrb Bo3naxu BKycoBbIe KaqecrBa [poA]rfloB. Eclu -v ee. yn,vcKaHTe He HHKorAa TOBap, OTBeAaTb MOXTFTOCTb tlpoAaBqoM' c noo6ularlcs He orxa3rls aftrecr He npoxoglzre MuIvIo npr4traBna, fAe npoAalorcq cret1ttn. HaanAnTecb Hx apoMarou. llonpocl4Te [po/{aBIIa npoKoHcynrirupoBarb Bac, KaKHMo6pasolt Hx rIpHMeHflTb, B KaKr4e 6nona nf{trre noro)o'ITb I{ cKoJIbKo. C nolroulnrc perlenropoB HalrtIz opraHbl o6ottsttus Morlr pa3Irlav,art'BCe MprJrJrlroHblpastroo6pa3Hblx 3alraxoB. I-IpnloxNre ycwru$,,qro6tt 3Tor ]TIHKaJIr,Hslft IrpHpoAr{bIZ ilucrpl'ueHr ne 6esreficrBotsaJl.
OEOXAIO BECEAbE K o6uleuNro ilopa3vOpranr'l Bl(yca z cnoco6rtocrb Terbl{biM o6pason cBs3aHbI NIei(Ay co5ot1. Brt u BaIxI'I Ap.wbq qacro co6upaetecb 3a cronoM B npa3AHHx Hosoro foAa, IIo [oBoAy AHf po)(4elHru{ r4Irvt'Ha 3Bar{bIH tser{ep. PaaHoo6pa3Hble Harrumlt, tpplxrbl, Ae'IIHKalecr{ble Smo1a H OCTaJ'IbI-IbIeBKyCHbIe BeIIIU no.flB,rltrK)]'Cl eCxrurli paS, KO|IaMbIpacfl()nalaeMcfi 3a cTonoM c IIpHflTeJlflMr4, B OKpYB pa3rape. )KeHHH po/IcrBeHHHKoB H Kon.rler. 3acrolle vBatrrLr optarlbl q)'TtcrB - 3peHae, ocq3aHue, o5ou.nnr're, BK_vc- pa6olarcr B rIoJIrI\rIo cHtI):,rlura.a IIe ronbKo )Keq/Aor. Bellr, B Kope ro,ltoRttofo Mo3ra 3apoxtqalorcq HoBbIe B ToM accorJlra'r'r4tsr{blecBt3LI. Ho ero Ilo3Mo)KHol'otlbxo olrpeAeneIlHble npaBrllra 3a' cJr)^{ae, ec'ltu co6lloAarb KIzcf'orbq. .Il,onvctuu, tsbI B oAnl{oqecrBe nofnolqaere laricrryro Jlantrrv u trpLl 3loM cMorpnre xaxoil-To cepHaJI' Hanpx4 .rIpIBalrr Mo3f ocraHercfl B BbII'IrpbIIxe or STolo' xorg KaJIopI4Hrlo(t'l\:trtt'l' lt iloJIl,ItIoM Korl4r{ec'I'Be. .{ uc.-tt,\l( )}titt( } ( }:tj(()l)oltl l'l l, ( l}ofi rao:r rasrpaxrr. o5e/Iar rrJrrl\'?uIt tafi, tIc It()Mei{flB rlpll l;'trlu co6crRerlFlblx r.TirurlrapFrbrx crpac't'eri. CHa,aana onyttane ce69 qhnAnb So spenU e)U.3a'rew BaM rIlDKHaI'a3e'l':l:/lJltl 'l'()ro uro6nt -vsHarb cBe)KHe IloBocru ttlu qro6t,I lJll()Jltll)otsarr, ce6g or Iu l I l) I lc l\ttlnr. CO6epH-le OKp)r'r(arcqnxi' Orx-rrtc)tII'IT'cr'l'cJ RCeX A O M O q a i t l t c l r ' I l
( ' l ( ) Jl{ ) i\l. ll Il\' ( li:lH
Hue 6rAe't' tIOl'Jl()ltlct I()
BCe B auIe
B I{H Ma-
'r'l):u rc:r()rrlHTeMH, KTO pa3AentreT
A@
ee c BaMrr. llorl rzre Hacna{qqeHne o'r BKVca rIuuIH, BlloxHHTe ee HenoBTopnnuft apouar. Karc rrpanllJlo, AoMa 3a crotloM Y KalttAoro ecrb cBoe Mecro. Ero sarruMaer rrana, alo - LraMa,a Ha 3ToM Mecre mecnama! oro teftcAnLlT Harrr Marrbr^. llomeantinecb Ha KDI(AOrO rlocMorperb Bac no-Ap\ToMy crBHe BbrH}zHT r{reHa Barxero ceMeHcTBa, BbI Apy'HMr4 fila3aMr4 [ocMorpr4Te Ha KoMHary AalKc no-HHoMy nor.flHerecb 3a xle6ol't, 3a conoHKoil unu nepe.{HHI-tell.
vl,6esyctosuo,ioetntta eqe iluKomyu fluKoedaile /neUA/lA. l4sru{errzre nop.sAoK noAaqu 6lto,q Ha cro/L flpucrlmnre K rrpueMy nnxfw c Aecepra, a 3aBeprrrure Tpane3y canaroM. llolretlslZre Mecro, rAe npHI{HNIaere nuUy. I4soe noMeqel{He, Teppaca,Ha npzpoAe... flpueoBHTeHa nor\roil-IbceHcopHble aKrIeHTbI:rlpeKpacHagcKaTeprb, MepIIaHHecseqeli, IIBerbI,npuflTHaflMy3t'IKa.
BPET.I 9NPENPOBOXAEHI,IE CBOEOAHOE Bceu nan rpe6yercx orAblx. Bce panHo KoI'Aa: B KoHUe pa6overo AH.n,qeloti I{eAe,rH, 1 pas n MeclLI,, I pae n rog. Ho rre tsce RHAbI o'rAbIXa Molvr 6urr' nole3FlblMrl A.rlfl ronoBHofo Mo3I'a. Mnorue cr{I4Talor oTAEIXoM npocMorp TeJrenporpauu. Ho npoBeAeHHbIe HCcJIe/loBarrlatrlloKa3aJrH,qTO ecrrH fnflAeTb B TereBI43Op qacaMll, To 3TO He IrpHMo3ra. I1 ro npeul, ReAe'r K aKTr4Bu3aI\HHAeqrerbllocru KOrAa Bbr npocMal'plzBaeTe'reJIeBH3HOI{H6Ie npolpaMMbI, neMo3r ilrerree aK'r'HBeH,qeM Bo BpeMl cuat. 0ntAoqune
Aeerc0p6t. Ha.runle pcMOIrt'II],Ie pa6orr,t n cBoeii KBaprllpe IIJII4 nonDocrv gaiirtH'rccr IleDCCl'aIIoeKoI2 Me6e-[u.
dnnpicaatinect 6 ninewecnnuQ no reM MecTaM,rAe HHKorAa He 5btearru.B nro6ou IIoRoM Mecre RaMrepalITHpoBarrbr a6colrorHo FIoBbIe IlBera, 3arIaxLI, IloBbIe trr4r\a. Ta rapra. Koropat{ paHee noMora,Ila HaM opI4eHTI'IpoBarbcraHoRHTCst ttuttuelfi, H HatrHFIaIlTe crr B npocrpallclBe. ()l l tIl )1l l t(' l r
LIC K aTb B bIX OA H 3 rIOi l Ol K C IIll tt,
Il i l IIOR bIe Oi l Iy -
rrIeHH.n.IIl rute FIccKoJIbKo lllI'1l{vl' IIpoBcc'l'H 3a pa3roBoMara3trHql.rKa. poM c Bna/IeJrbqeM rle6o,'rrttoro,'Iuqllofo qeM noxoA noJIL'3bI, i)'r'a 6ecega Mo)Ker IrpuHecrlr 6olr'ne M. l( l\{CC'I'I{tIM .4OCTOnpVMeqaTeIbHOc'r-fl tl Erl tLJJlp-l
|A
!l
1*F
oq6ro
silPeRavtnel4e,.-
raHlKdtso Ocranonnre ceori nu6op rra roM BL{AeorAbrxa, Koroprrri rry uuxaK He xapaKTepeHAnrrBarrrefoxapaxrepa. Balr HpaRLrTCqJre)(aTb Ha nJ'I.'Ill(e- oT'npaBnfr'rTecb B nlTerrrecrBr{eFIaBenocaneAe.Ec.npr}KeBbIgHepruqHbui .{eroBeK- ocraHoRr.rrecsori nlr6op Ha cnororiHbrx Br4Aaxo'l'nblxa. Croar 3arrucarbc-rrHa r{nlcbr Qw'rogasahaa, uso6pa3rrrenbHofo HCKVCCTBa, xpofirx u rrn'tbtr, cocraBJreHl,I-g uxe6aHu, r4HocrpaHHbrx.fl3brKoB- uu6op ecrb BCerAa. He npunecl"r BpeAaLr3awffLt* aKTHBHr,rMr{ tslzp:av'l,z' crropra. He 1'raxgoro HMercTc.B cnoco6nocru K pHCoBaHHro, Ho nolbrrarrcl nopa6orarb c 6yuarort H KapaHtrautaMr ue 3anpeqaerctr HHKoMy. lloryrnnuruecfl tr.raprnHbrHe salzul"r MecTa B My3ee, Ho Bbr Bo3BpaTI4TervroJroAocTb cROeMyfonoBrroMy Mo3ry. Co6eprare Apy3erZ,Rpyr{HTe KaxVIoMyno rl{cry 6yrwarwH norrpocnre vso6pasrl'braM BCe,qro 3axoqercfl (npeul roAa, cBoe aMorlr4or{MbHoe cocToqHze ua gawlr.,titMoMeFIT, o[peAe[eHHoe co6rrrne). Ylo6u yrpaltHeHnfl npvnecrpr 6olruruir pesvlrrar r{ pa3BeceJrprJrH r4HcTpyMeHTArq oKp\DKarouIHx,Bo3bMr4Te pr4coBaHla^rt [aJrbqa]ru Hot unu zy6avn. BognoxHo, BaM yAacrc-rrcKonorr.rlb cBoK) My3brKaJrbH),rorp)'nny H3 xopouHx 3HaKorvrux.llyc1'b ee r{acTHHKr{ ocBaHBaroTr4fpy Ha zHCTpyMeHTax,KoTopbrenonr{HTc.s uaftrv:3To Mot-),T6rrt'r' u nox(Ku, H pacqecKr4,u 6yrslnKu, H Kacrpronv,r4'r.n. tr4rparlreB [raparXbr- B HHx HpKHo rrepeAarb Mbrc.rrburiH rroH.rrrrle 6es clon. tr4lpa B rrrapaAbr npr.{}{eceTHeMaJronorrb3br KaK <.aKTepy>, TaK I4 ToMy, KTo ),'raAbrBaeT. Eoru su p"ll.tr3aHfl'rnr'rcnopronr noceulaere rper{DKepurrrl 3aa, s Kaxofi-ro MoMerrr BaM npoclo Heo6xo4rzno nuflru Ha orKpbrrr,rfi nos/lvx. Ilr.r c .rcla rrerrb3.s cpaBHHTb 6er no nepeccqcrrrrorrnccLrroclrl r.iJlrlrto Aopore: ee nepenpec'r'xrr,irarorr{He co6ann u tscJl()cl I I le,rdncTbr npor.r3Bee Bireqa]'JrerrIrc. A)"1'Ha BaCHel.I3ruIAJ,L4MO Ecllz nu4alacb cso6oAHar Munvt'rtlt, ondu(ilune ttA /loile nphpodet. npuclr,urarilect K oup\)Karuqr.{M 3B},r€M u nonpo6yriTe onpe/Ienr{Tb}'ra:lna rruc /lcpeBa Ha no.[rHe Hnr4rIBerKacpe/{H1'p?nrrr.rl<>l
..o17* ^ (*
>G
npofile ura3a. lloc,ryrran, qro 'rBoprrrcrr BoKpyr' tsac,p2t3perlrH'Ie Mo3ry c aMocToflf 'eJrbHo co3AaBaTbaccol{uau]|'r4. fpfi aa daqnom yttacnKe (aro He cnegrHo!) qpe3Bbrqaliuo coAel"rcrBlre't' TpeI{HpoBKeroJIOBHoroMo3fa, a He ToJrbKoJII{urbHaKaqHBar{r4K) MbiilIeqnofi uaccu. Bosqcs B 3eMJre,BbrnpeAcTaBJrfle"Ie, KaKoeBblpacTe'r'AepeBo trJrr4 KopHeflroll. Bce ero BeJrr4KorrenHo iloAxoAtll'B KaqecrBe ynpilKHeHurl no uefipo6uxe. Bur rJacilDr
He npae4a JrH, oqeHb npocrbrc .vtrpDxHeFrnsl Vlctrr,trai,rce al'Ii, BbIAyMarZre ceord.
sope?.,'.rY)e^ ou*o.'-g*
-aL
l'naaa6. POAbhHTEMEIfiA B Xh3HV1V16'13HECE llo lrHenrro ) {eHblx-ncnxoJlofoB, HHTeJIJIeKTnpeAHa3HarleH A,'tq co3AaHn.fl nop.sAKa cpelw xaoca norpe6r rocrcfi r,rBo3MoxI Iocreri. .{4x aroro H\)KHo lrpocro nopa6oralb co cBoHMV trH' AVBvrl\yanbHbIMH rrorpe6ucrcrxMn, KOTopbIeAo'rDKHbIcoorpeaJlbHol'o BeTcTBOBarLo6terrHrlHblM rpe6onauuflM }.{I.jpA. Hepegxo qe,'roBeK npoKraAblBaer HoBbIe rryrLr 14AoporH, frpnMeHqer ctsotz 3Hale.vs.s o6lacru acrpoHoMl'Ivr Mfl opHerIT'HpoBarEcq Ha Mectlocru n pa:Hoo6roro,.rlo6rl pa3Hbrx rr)'TerlrecrBvIttx.Kponre roro, HeKoropble cnoco6o6oxarot' Hbr npopoqecrBoRarb, qro-l'o n:o6perarr, Becln Fra)^rHble4e6alrat ur,I. acrf{ bI BCeTe cQep rr Aegrerl LHocrH Ar ax, nroAg NI fi o/IIRTI qeJr()BeKa,rAe rreo6xoAuMo t{To-T() rlo3Harb. coop!flLll'Ir r{'r'o-To ueo(rr'rqtroe, rpHHJ{Tb orBercrBeHHLIe peIIleHH.B, HaXO/lpITCflB flonorlq'l'b, pa3'b-ficHHTb,oTKpbi'rb, I{ BCe3'I'CJ ne /IeqTetIbIIOCTHI{I ITenJIeKTa.
)fucm&eauutecnocofaocfilu noto:.wu na 3c)opo(ne: 4ozt)a oau ecmb u firygnpezno 0uno'.tu:trom ficnt pa6omy, u4:'44uKaK'moHeja'uezae.ll neo64'olu.ut7n u o Hut ue fu,ttae'tt.!/b rcozlarce Snaaui ae 4&a' t:6od,u &peSg'rr,' fioem, fixo&pafioru &oSnu4aern rnaru: o6w4uo0euuui m'u-TaeuaotinPouecc cqu' \
&atmu.
*#
(Xrrr1crlrncc'r'L:rn'()'r'Qafn, qt'() lr c()tlpeMeIIIIoM MHpe OflI{I{H'I'(]JIJIeKlYa,tlHr,tIinoTellIlHaJl x$r'tc-tlclt 11,'IAHe'I-F,I, p2flCb r{a ileMofpaQnvecrcle. r'epplrr()l)ttaJIbFIbIe,cblpbeBbreH TexrroJroluqecKHe xapaKTepHC'l'LtlilI'l'oro Hnu Ap\r|o|o o6ulecltsa, .aB,TfleT'ct(),rlrrrr\r rr:t cocraBJIttK)Iuux \ / cn e l l l to f o I r l) oll) c ( ' ( ' n n rI()r\) l )1 t:J rJ Il t' HOl tl . u tp anrtt H e IOJ'IOCIIORtItt.
Bo-rrepnrx, Hu'rerJIeKTyaJIbHoe rrpotl3BoAcrllo c flpuB coBpcMeHHoM BreqeHueM yMcrBeHlIbIx cnoco6uocrefi N{Hpe c\L'tTaeTctr O/{HHM r43 BlrLltrlent,rtltx Qaxrop-oB 3KoHoMr4qecKolo pa3BI4THs, a OCttO&lldX QOpnA CO0Cn6eil' B tsL{Ae HFITeJIJIeKTyaJIbHbIx iloCnU - co6creeHHocrb cnoco6HocrerZ. Kax c.{r4Taror MHOtlIe afl.aJrrr'tLrnLl,B Flacrorl[Iee BpeM-fl MO)r(HOIOBOpHTb O TOM, qTO IpOHCXOATT T HHTCJI'IeKilepeAeJl cQep ltll poBorc BrIwIHIzl. ty'urc;lr;tfr rncfralsttt'tfi t{To gHa.{vr, xecrKoe conepHllqec'I'Bo FIeKoroHAer Oro pbrx Aep)r€B 3a Brra4erlHe vMcTBeHHo oAapeHHbIMH cnerJvrutHCTaMIz.tr4ltenno vx paccMa'lpllBalor B Kar{ecrBe noTeHrIHaJrbllblx Flocl{Tenefi nporpeccHBHblx ugefr' HHTeJIJIeKryanbHoe rBopqecrBo BcerAa Bo-nroptrx, ICHXOJIOIaMH B Kaqec'l'Be HeOT'LeMJIepaCCMaTpABa.IIOCb MI4pa r{enonexa. Ero xe noli cocrasr.flIorlleft /llxoBHoro coMo)KHo paccMarpuBarb B KaqecrBe croeoSpaslloro qr.ranbHofo MexaHl{3Ma, KOTOpLIZIpOTI4ROCTOHTperpeccHBHbrM TenAerrlluflM B HanpaBIreHuH pasnwrvn o6IIICCTBA. E peSy,ttmanc
aHmt4,4eKlltyrt'4taozo m&oprecm&a
nota.atpmc.flpaSttuzaue
uLeu.
q.\
#)
I\piruan cQepa s o5ttlecrseunoft a'ruocclrepe no.qo6Ha o3oHoBol"r Ablpe e o6ttKHoBeunofi arltoc(lepc rraureri nJrarrerbl. Vlrertr,urerrze e o6uecl'Be KorHt{ecrRa .ltto4et1 C BI'ICOKIII'I)'pORIIeM HHTetI.neKTailpHROAI'IT K TOMV qTO tt,tl:r yponeHb HaqLlHaeT na,r{aT}'. fIocTefIeHFIO KV,'IF,I'Vpr vc-lyflalor Nlecro llporpeccuBl{ble'l'eFIAerrI IHIit Il pa3BLI'I'HI'I perpeccr.IBnlllut.
HC CKa)IiCU]b.
B-'rperrax,ecAttuflnetuleKnpdaonaen, no tteAoSeKy raI<>Ke car'IoAocraroqluqttanceo6oda,a ?apnttnupooafla Llclt tl<.r.tlttcc lt g 6o;tttuelr HOCTb A LIHAIz.BT4pV|IJIbII()C't'b. yMcrBerII Ibtc c t lrlctlSt t( )c'l'l't l'lcl l()JII):JVIo'I'cll qenoo6teue BCI{OM, I{CM qAilTC OII NPHBJICKACT CBOii I{I'ITCJIJICKTK AI{ATeM cJIOXGIee NIaHHrI)' npolrcxollflqero, Jr]/l3y 11 ollellKe JIHIx)BaTb HM' ,'.;;#
--'rh
*.flS -?^o
O-, nL+Fct
supet..u*-"^o**.o{$* kuHqKLlH(r
AU
OnnocoQrr nparxJrr4 K laKoMy BbrBoi{v: ceo6oda - 3To oco3HaHHafl Heo6xoA?rMocTb.9ro nepuo H c rrcHxoJlofl{qecKofi ToqKI4 3peHHr{: qeroBeK Mo)KeT'ce5e rIo3BOJiHl'L
BecrH ce6flKAK'O5ennO,npu1,t.ltto, 6oA6tto,cso6odHo, eCn eCn 6eil il 0, He o6p arrla.flBFrprM ar{Hs.Ha cnoxsltsrrry}ocfl cl.rlyarlr4lo. Ho c o4HrzM vcnoBneM: qeroBeK AonlKeH BJIailerb cLl"tyaqnefr, HMerb B cBoerr pac[optDKeIIr.II4 IIotIFIoe r.raleKBal'Iroe MHeHHe o rracTo-sqetl cvryarJljn. flepevzcrxrb rroATBepx(Aer{H.s HeM aJroBax(Hocrr4 yMcrBeHr{brx cnoco6uocrefr Nrfl. qeJroBeKa Mo)Krro eue /InHnago6lenbHoe BpeM.rr. OArraro B aroM rre,r 6oanloh HOCTH.
focygapcrno He 3pfl Ha3brBarol o6qecreeul'IblM HHrdHTepecotsarbcrHT)"ToM. locy4apcrny rre eos6paruercfl cfl \,'KraAoM xe,r3Hu cBoHX rpDr(AaH. [1, xar npaBr.lrto, rocycrvroTpsT Ha AapcTBeHFrbre M!'xu c ocTopoxHocTbro pa3urrtutr yMcrBeHHbrx BbrcoKHM ciloc )poBHeM -nrcgeri (o4apeHur,x). Oua or/l,aor npeArroqreHr4e co6socrefi nroAflM c xopolxo pa3BHTbrM )poBHeM TBopqecKofo r4HTenneKTa. K uuu Mo)r(Ho orHecru crroprcMeHoB, [eBLIoB, cTHXOTBOprIetslMaCTepOBfro nourrlBy OAe)rqlhrV'r. l\,
I> iO
i..,....
llouemy onsepeaen xe eocydapcneo nC (ttltKh/*lytllttil)P) ?
!,a norolq'', rlro qrlnoBHr4KH orac aK)'r'cflHHaKoNrbrcrr4q. Dlo se,{eHrle crroco6Ho nocraBr4Tr, rroA coMrreHHe r4iul
B nonAiunApttoi cnpAile roc_vAapcrBerrHoe ycrpofiCTBOHe 3ar4r{TepecoBano B rroBt,ililelil.rH }poBHq pa3RI4TVg l"lHTenllCl(l\'ttJtrrtrlrrx ('r r()c( )fit tocleri cBoeto Hacene-
uun.flpttuttHa 3Toro or{eFlb npoCTa: }iegalrexul{l{ B cBoe&I pa3Bw t'v n irroAbMH \TIpaBJIST'bOqerlb JIef Ko. s uaueri )KpI3FIHuMeerc{ crofiKoe 9ro lrrSorbrrHo, CPKAeIIHe O TOM, qTO uHOrAa XOpOIIIO pa3IlI4TbIe YMMellrator r{eroBeKy B xtr3Hl{. c'rBer{rrbre cnoco6nocru flpou:ne4estre C.Ipa6oe4oaa
cBoero nsr6opa cta3ar: t9 ne ilacnbAb?o z^yn, .lno65l -' oqeflb ylrflumrr.llo scer?Bepo.srHocln, npeHe6pe6eme )KeHUe yMCTBeHHT,IUACIOCO6HOCTflMI{n nOeCegUeeHoit o6craHoslre npoHCxoAHT FIe [pocro log eo:gefrcrBueM cJIeACTBHeMneitclswn a trBJrtre'I'cs. )KH3HenHbrx ctt'tyagri. rrcuxoJroru.{ecxoii canoo6opol{bI rfiqHoc'ru. flo cJIoBaM iDpttgpl.xa Haqmq sTo cBt{3aHo c uaAo6Hocrblo ,vfttu ol onacrlocln l.rHe not'u6lr),"Tbo'I'HCTHHbI. HaxoHeq, ectll{ onflTb BcrroMIlHTL nocrynarbl ncnxoUayXU, TO C r'IerKOCTbrcMOlt(HOAOKa3arb,t{TO JIOTUqCCKOfi B TpaAnrlI.,IoHHbIX ICHXOJIOIHqeCKHX HCCIeAOBaHI{A)< yqerrbre paccMa'rpHBatrH I4HTeJIneK'I'B KaqecrBe qacrHolz cnoco6nocrl{. Koropar{ npaKTHqecKI4 I{e l4Meer I IHI{al(oro Bo:lllHl(aIouIHM OTHOUeFTHTK nOAJIHHHbIM npo6lelran, Kallqioro qeJIo BeKa. B >r.L43}IL1 of poMI loe Korl4qecrBo lrcuxoJloHa 3anarxe TJ3BCC'I'I{o rrir{ecKnx rp\AoB, nocRt{Iu,eHIIbIx pa3Hoo6pasHulr nonpocaM It3\,a{eHu.tr I,IHTeIJIeKTa. TeNr He MeHee M}{of?Ie rrcHxotlofH HaqaJIH KpHTHKOBaTb 3TI-r ClDK,qeHH'I3a TO, qTo N{HOlHe paccMaT'puBaloT HF{TeJIIeI(T TOJIbKOKaK CilOco6noc'l's HaxoALITb pelxeHne 3a/\a.u. Kcr"a.ru, oqeHb r{acro I{HTeJITeKTpaccN{arptlBac'l'c--H HaI
A cfl
.ftl
s,leearjt-{r""oaerrq
o-t&ro kaHqr
npo ?qe 06eKapa3ynHazor, fonopn AplrHMH cJIOBaMH,iIJIt 3aila/lllblx ncHXoJIoroB pa3R:aTlrfl.)'MCrBerIHbtx citoco6socrepi crouT npo6lena Ha nepBoN{ Mecle, oco6euuo eclrr4r4x c}-IllecrtsoBaHue KaK peaJrbHoe IIcllxorol"HqecKoe KaqecTl]o cToI'IT noA BOnpoB o'reqecrseuFlol:i colr. !,pvraH :rraprvna Ha6lnAaercq ilcHXO,{orHH: [po6reN{ a r43Yle{:?.tt I'IHTer-rIeKTaupno6peJra pen)'raqlrrc 6ecnepcfi e I(T]I R]I o n' rc lt st. 3a o[lu6oqHbre c\'']li,/lclIIltltl6 r'MC'rgeIIHbIXCnOCO6s o6uIecTBetIHoM co3HaHOCTgX,KO'fOpl,lcI'JIaBCIICI'Ilyio't' Hr.rr{| ra }tceRo3Nl()iKItbIXero )poBHflx, nphxoAHTcs AOpOfO pacr uraqHBar bcfl. 3ro nporulfl ercfl B cI IH)KeHI.II'InoKa3are,rerlr HHTeJT-rIeKTyanbI{ororoeQ@r'rquerrla o6ulectna. V.{eubre-ncr4xonofn Ha3bIBaIor oro qBJItl}{lrc Qeaonenon Q yn rq,uoa aabilo ti ?Ayno c ilt tt. e' ro Itbrl)rt;.Kac'rc.ffB )'BenlrqeHr4H cpeflr{ o6rqel:i MACCI'II Iil(.'('Jl('lI I ltt KoJIIlqecrBa n}oAelz co
cpeAHnMlt
H
Illl:ilfll\lll
ll( ) lillil;I]' e JIflM H
ypoB H fl
yM-
crBeFrHbrxcnoco6Hoc'rerZ.floAo6Hoe HaplrxeHue craFlAaprHofo coorBelcrBu.f, yMcrBeIrHbIx cnoco6socrelZ qeroBeqecrBa Mo)KHoct{HTarb RpeMerIHbIpt. D'ro nponcxoAHT r43-3acyruecrBoBaHnl pasHoo6pasuolx He6larolrrgeli Qaxropon' )Kvr3Hr4 npr4srHbrx gri,s. 1) reHeruno-6lrororzqecKptx Qarropou, KaKTo HaplrreHHe pexuMa npveMa nI4IrIH, vxyAlxeHl{e SKotlorHr{ecxori clrryarfvlr4, cHI,Ix(eHLIeypoBHq MeIVIUzHcKol'o o6crrylnna HpIfl, pocr aJIKorotlbH oir 3aBr4cvrMocrl,IHacerel{Hs u r. n.); 2) coryuant'Ho-DKoHor{HqecKHx Qaxropon - BKtIIoqaIoulr{x no.[HTt4qeclqro rrecra6ulsHocrb, TaK Ha3r,IBaeMyro )Teqlry Mo3roB, BbIHy)K/leHHl'IoMl'{fpaqvro LI cll' T,varrulo,Kor,qaKaqecrBo o6pasooaHr'u ocraaruler )Kerlarb HA RbIACJICTIHC CPC.qCTB JI}4IIIICIO,KOTAACOKPAUIACTCfl Har{Irble HCCJIeAOBaF{Hr{; 3) ncaxonoraqecKr{x Qarropon B BHAe pasuoo6paenltx BH)'TpHrHrJcrpeccoBblx crrryaqnIi, 6ecnoneqHblx Hocl'rrbrx H MeXTHqHOCTHbIXpa3AOpOBH T. rr.
CospeileililoepoccaicKoebSqeinoo Moxter(Iro-
xBacTaTbcq' BCeMH BblIIrenepeqHCJIeFIHblMIaQarropaltl'r, npeAcraBneHHbIMH B troJIFIoNt u3o6unun. Hecl6xoglrno 3aMerprrb, qro ec.rtn He noMefirart nosAeIZcrBHIo elrl (laxrlry'nocrl4 rtpeBpaTopor, ro Qeuonnerr tp,l'nxqrroualurotl Tr\-cfl, n ueo6paruut'Ifi npollecc. Ecla nepurb npofHo3aM nnoHCKHx acrpoJlofoB, To HaqaJro TpeTbefo TblcqqeIreTufl o3IlaMeHyeTcfl TeM, qTo Bce Mr4poBbre AepxaBbl pa3Aenflrc.fi Ha rpLI rpylrnbl. B rarotZ rpvn[e oKa)Kercrl 'ta vIrLT HI{as cTpaHa,3 BIlCIj"[ OT TO|O, IITO OITPCAC,."ICIIIIOC HMCCT BO3NIO)KI-IOCT'b I'OCVAAPCTBO npeAno)KuTb MHpOBOM) pInI{K\" a'l'aK}KC or nora3a'releri ')Kr43rrr4 CO6CrSetttrblx )KH'feJIetl.B pe:yllraTe 3To)poBHtr lo nepeAe.fia fpwrna crpart rroA HOMepoM o/{HI'l 6,rzer npo.u,aBarb r41ev, npoeKTbl H TexHoJI o I vtn, 6 nar o qapfl 3ToM-vHaceJIeHHearux roc)'r'rapcrll SyAer )KHTI LoBonbHO I{enJroxo. CtpaHlt, ttxoA.qlrulc llo ll'f()pvl() fl)\Trn\' AOJIIIGbI npeluroxcH'r'b Mlrp,v o6pasrllt cJloxl{oii palII{o3JIeKTpoHuori rexuprnvr, H, KaI{ cJIeAC'rBHe3-l'oro, )'poBeHb }Krl3HLI ;(r{B\rrlnx rau ruogel;t 61'aer I{H)Ke. Tpelleli rp\mile crpal{ rla rIpH6)lter npegocraBneHa Bo3Mox(Hocrb rIoCTaB.[.rITb
slPeQaar""oo"*.o{$*
aqbro
nuKTorPAltt'tbl C norrourrto sarauu{t 3Toro He6o,rturoro HCtrbITarIur rrccJreAyeTcrr VpoBeHb pa3Bld"twtr onocpeAoBarlHoro 3anov.vrHaH:,z'tr,ero npoAl'KTHBHocf'b. He ocrauercs 5eg suulrlaHr4trcnoco6 MbrcJrLrreJlbuofi AeqreJrbHocrl{ H To, Ha KaKo M ypotsHe F{axoA}rrc q, nor tsrnP,Hoe MbIIIJJIeI{he. 9ro6sl Fraq arb IlbIrIoJIIreHH e ea gauu{l rryDKHo npl{ f o ToRHTb nucr 6ywatv v Rapan4aur. Taxxe ueo6xo4uur,I 12-16 cJroB r{ croBocoqeraHwtrr [rls 3arIoMHlgalgkrtr. Kax nr,rnolHfl'rb 3aAaHvrfl'.ttocre ocMbICreHHfl cJIoBa H'IH
CNOROCOI{CTAHHfl
K KAXTOMY
143 ITI"jJ{ H)DKHO HAPHCO-
Barb pucl,'FroK, Koropbtl:i snocreACTBHu rloMor 6u ero BCfIOMrfr4l'b. HN croea, rru 61xnrt B ,4aHHoN{ cnf{ae He floAoftr]ryT. He o6paqaercfl RHLIMaHVev Ha KaqecrBo pxcy'nxa. hasuoe. .r'to6rrl. floCMorpets Ha Hero, BbI BcnoMHpr.[u, o qeM [iJra peqb,
1. Beceroe pa3BreqeHue 2. TpyTloeuKoe3aAaIIHe 3. PaanHrue 4. Blq'cltal c71lt 5. Cnc.rroepcrxeHue 6.5oresHr' T.PaI.ocrt' B. Paall,rca 9. Ap)4' 10.h\xafl.larrle 11.Oropverurc
1. Creuorl crapuK 2. Ilolirra -1.( )r'prl'ltfi ytILITenL' /1.IbiroAHasco6aua 5. |rttxaq /{eRoqKa 6. O6oralrlerrrae 7. XoroTlrrr,rr)inerep B. Brac'rr, 9. lIelyloponr,rii .{erosex I O.JIoxr, l l llccemre Apysbq
IroJllnraer IIo npourecl'lllllr 40*60 MHII llcrlblryeuttti BCIION{HI'I'Ib pHCyI:IKI.{ HX ilOMOITIbIO I4 C CTapAeTCs. CBOII 3aAaFIHL'IC CnOBa. 9ro6u o qeFrr4Tb pe3yJlril'atbi, Heo6xorln I\Io CoCvLIT2'1'I, qUCIO [paRHnI]HO np]rnOMHe]{HTJIX CJIOBH COO'I'HeC'IH ero c HX o6quu Korl4r{ecrBoM. Cogepxanue pHCyHKa Aa er rpe/IC't'aBJIeIrHe o5 tltnleloIqeMcrr 3anace 3ltaHrr'fr. )' qeiloBeKa, o efo nI4qHoM )KH3x o'I'BneqellHer{HoM onblTe, o l;ra'lrlr.sr4rrcrroco6noclefi HOMy MblIrIJIer{Hro. Mo)I{Ho pz3/\eJILITb II2 Bce norl rvrBrrrnecfl pnclrrKll rurrb KarefopHlZ, TaKHe KaK: 1) a6crparrrraa Qopua; 2) auaxono-cuNrBorrrqecKa.s Qopirla; l) xoHrpenrr'rfi o6pas; 4) crcxerrrble pHcyI-IKu; 5) uelaQopuqecKoe nso6paxeHrte.
xapaKnepaU) rc,XorroKpucyakanaficnparnaoeo
rH oTrrocrrT rrIdIIIjH. no KoTOpbIM HCBO3MOXiHOO[pe/{etIHTb, t{TO Xe HaP}'ICOBaHO.
K snaroeo-culnooAuqecKail(3) creuururucrbr orHo-
cnr uso6panneHLrfl c noMotqblo 3HaKOB unv. t
Koarpen neui o'6pa3 (K)' - usoopaxteHuelior IKpclr rhrx
[peAMeToR. -
CtoxenaercpucyttKu G) - o6pasbrH repon, npeAcrats-
nfiroilIue co6ctft eguttt'ti.t ctoxel'. tr4lw ogutt repcoHoK 3arr.ar xaxoli-To aeqrenbHocrblo. eu' Pracl'rrxu c ucfroJrr,3onaHucM xydoxgcnsgilflo?o (ft|) tv e . ue't'rt(xrpt cwirr,n /jlilrcAA Hr3brnzK)r' Kor4a r raqlrrra K)'l' o6pa5a'r'r,rrt'I'L t I oJI|HerrHIie rIOKa3aTerrrr. To oKoro Kax(4oro pI4cyI{Ka crall'I'l' ollpcAcneHH}'Io 61tny (cu. nstrue). .4aree Mo)KHo npHCTlrIarL K xapaKT'epl4cruxe MbICJII4TeJIbHbrx npoqeccots qeroBeKa, [pI{I{I'IMaq Bo BHHMaI{He lo. xaxofi nrlg uso5poxelIu-tt LIllttlc tlccl(r utorpe6lxlcx. EcrH .{eroBeK }{crlloJll3ot}il;I a6c't'pattl'nr'te o6paslt H KaKtre-To 3r{aI{I4,TO efo Mo}(Ho Ha3BaTb MbIcnlIl'eJIeM. V elux rro4eii xopoilo pa3Br{To yMeIII{e o6o6u1arl, curr'l'c3HpoBarb, MbIClIaTb a6crpaxlto H JIofI4qecKH'
*frf
o-ir.rq
kcrHqKoy4o
rlc[o,'Ib3oBaJr Nrtr 3anov.tz^rralnr4tr Ecln rectnpyeuslfi pHcvHKr4 crorrerrroro a ne'r'aQopuqecKoro xapaKTepa, To eMV rrpr4clrqe o6pasHoe NrbrurJreHlle.Tarxe Mo)KHo roBopr4Tb o laaJrvrtrrrr v Hefo .\TAoxecrBeHHbIx cnoco6noc'reIi, 'rrrf H K xyAox(ecTBeHHoMy TBopqecTBV. Kor4a r4cnbrrleMbth orgaer [peAnor{TeHne uso6paxeHr{ro KoriKpelHoro o6paza, aro roBopur o roM, rrro y Hero AoMuFrr.rpye'r Kor{Kperuo-gefi crBeHHoe MbIIrrJIe}ILIe. Ono nouoraer qeroBeKy onepl4poBarb o6pasawu, Koropbre oH BoclpHHHMaer. B AaHHOM cn]qae MolI(Ho foBopuTb 14o npaKTllqecKoM MbrrrrJrerrHH,KoTopoe iloMorael' perxarb pa3rlrr{Hbre npo6leur,I, Bo3HHKaIoillHe B npaKTH.{ecKorl AesrerrbHoc'ru HcnbrfyeMoro. KoHxperHo - IeficrBeFrFroe Mblrrrrellne npIzcylqe 10-,'IerHeln{y pe6euxy, a npaKTHqecKoe r{aqe Bcl'peqaeTcf v pyKonognreleti 14ne/IarofoB. O .rolr, Ha KaKoM ypoBHe Haxol\wrctr y qenoBeKa noHqT]dnlHoe MbIIIrJreHlre,foBoplrr ro, Ha cKoJrbKo JIerKo oI{ I{axolrrr cB;r3u Me;{q4ya6crpaxrHuM norlqrueM H KoHKpelFrbrM l'tao6paxerrueM Bo BpeMs pvtcoBaHnn H rIocJIellylollle f o II pr4noM HHaHIffI CJIOBtIO pZC]'H Iql
' Peayttdanu nunouflettuf,eadaianionoeyn qeAooeKy Ayqueygilan, camoeoce6t KaK1u.lilocn6,Eclu os qaule nso6paxan qeroBc\rKoB H TOr{IIo BocnpoH3RoAHJI cnoBa 3IIar{HT, r{erotsex o6u1nte,,reu . VI, l';.aLr cJ'IoBocoq e:r'a*l,z^tr, o6opor, KorAa oH BocripoH3BOAHT cJIoBa c rpyAoM, ro MO;KrroroBopul'b o ero nrtQaHTIL'IbHocrH. Eclu rc Korruv BbrnorrFreFrHfl3a!.aqrur t3u!\Ha ue6pexrrocrb n ucilonHeuvtlt, cita6utr:t Haxulr, ro ualuqo (taxr IICTOtIIaeMOCI'll
14CfIblTry'eMOf O.
frraea7. TECTHA IQ6 7.1.IECTBEKCAEPA Cy6tecr 1 "OCBEAOMNEHHOCTb"
Tec-rzponaruae r{DKHo rraqul.;ra'rb c rurrolo Bolrpoca. B rou cr),qae, KorAa HcnblryeMbtti tte raoxer crlpaBLl'l'bcq c n,anepBol'o ilo TbIM r{ rxec'l'blM 3a4aHll[Mr4 eI{,VnpeMafa}o]'c qertseproe. Ecrta xe eMy He rroA clrJtv LI 3 tA 3al\arrv;r, To HcrrbrraHr{e rreo6xoAlruo npepBart. Moxer cJI\ rnTbc.t V TaK, riTo qCIOBCK AAC,I'BCPHbII] O.TBCTHA 3AI\AHVfl CO BTOpOI'OIIO r{erBeproe, B STOM cn) Iae Mo)KHO nepexoAII'rb K Bbrfr oJIIleI{ HIO CeAbMOfO 3Al\eHHtr. Ecln ncnr'rryertttrl gaer 5 rleilpaBlltlbllblx orlleloB noApf il, Bbrfror r reHHe zagauttit rie ooxoAuu o lr peKpaTtlT'b. KaxArrri nepnufi orBe'r olleril4llaercs.s 1 6arn. Eotu ucIIe IpUIIIJIOCb OT'BeqaTbHa BOnpOCr'tSaganltli nLI'fyeMOA,l,V c nepBoro no rrerBeploe, K efo noKa3al'eJllo ttprl6an,uercs 1 6alna,
flpneuneubre
Tectonrre Boflpocbl 1. Hasosure ct'pal{,v R:tIIIero MeCl'O;{tI,ITeJIbCT'B
tt
ortserbl
HasBarrze locy/IapclBa
2. Karq'roQopml rrntccr uq.r? Kprr;rvto 3. Cxo;rrro llectrlleB n lo4v?
11,
rep- llpelue'l AJLnH3MepeI IHs 4 naft're onpeAeJIeHI4e reMnepal_\pbl MONre',fpy 5. Hasoexre qerllpex Kocx,Io- rI)anrrr.rrlrlr;rro5nrx qerblpex F{aI}ToB.no6utgagutl{x Il K()('r e l}'l()ll r{()c.Nl()t Moce rJocJreK). Iht''.ultrtta -6Honr"c
rec'r'lr IQ / Cepw "flctlxorioruqecKlle Poclon-rra -[orrv: (DerrHnc. 2OO4.
3TK)/-Ibt')
I
Upe?AHrnea4
er. 7'
flpueuaeubre
Tegronrre Bonpocbr
19. Kaxyro qacrory nyJlbca 60-80 )llapoR B MllHyry 14Meers4oponurZ .{eroeeK?
6. Haeosule rer{nepa'rvpv KHfIeHHfl
BOrlIbI
7. lloveuy reMr-rafloAe)&Ia TenJreeceernol'{
Pesugeuqu fl riailbr pI4McKofo... r{ecrorfonox(eHHe ilancKofo [paBHTeJIbcTBa... rreHTp Karorurqecxofi qepKBlr
r/lex(Aa'reMFrofo rIBeTa rloNOUIAET TEI]IO.
A CR';TNO-
T.O- OTTAIIKHBACT
20. Hro raKoe Barr.rxan?
3 AepeBa... ApeRecr{orocoB. tr4: .ler o noJr}qiarcl'r
pe:uuy?
KA...r43 Kar{}'r{OHOCr"rOrO ug 11fl.... Lr3crer.r3urra...
i0. Kax Ha3brBaercnocrroRuori saxon coBpeMerrHofo Korrcrurvuaq foc),AapcrBa?
11.Kro raxofi Txx.{es?
floer... aBTop...
pacnoJroxeHa 12.I'g.e B }Oxnofi Aiuepure Bpazutlr'n? 13. HasosuTe cronullv Qpanur,ru 14.Yxaxlrre HatraJroBerul22 utous.I91l roua rcofi O're.{ecreeuHori Bor"rrrbr n rogy? 3 6 5 -3 6 6 15. Cnolsxo Arrep"r 16. Vxaxnre NrecronoJlox(enlre Erunta 17, B xaxou HarrpaBJreHHH BF,r6yAere n),TclrIecrtsoHlt'rl. ,_ 1,, ,,,,., ' ecJrHnoelcTe H3 KH('ill l-
r Eo-rrapvrc?
I B. floven_v /{poxxu HMaroT"reclo?
ortserbl
Ouo 6pogxT, ilpolr3RoA-s nv:lbrpbKH yl)reKr'rcJroro f a34, KOTOpbrerroAFrHMaroT no,t1fo... oHo opo/tH'I LryBenHqHlr2c',t'Cfl lr (x)'beMe... B FIeM
x)l)11:rVl( )'t'crrrry3brpbKr4Bo3lv \ ; l
21. Kar ra,rleKoor Mocxgt t tro Brarasocrora? '22.Yxaxut'e rplr BI4AaKpoBeHocrrbrxcocy/IoB B op|aHH3ME qCJIOBCKA
(lrro6oit orBer B AI{aIra3oHe
8 - 1 0 m r c .r u )
Ap'repzlr, BeHbI lr railluIrlrflpbr
?3. Koro N{ox(HoFra3Barb MaBorZMrrorux coBpeMelr- flpe:ugeura Hbrx focvAapcrn? Vcrnoe HapoAHoerBopqecrBo...Conor.ytHocll 24. IJafir e o npeAeJlerlIze o6prgon, necelt o6uvaen, Qo-urxlopa 6btra n I,IIIbrx stwte:g,r4i,I 25.Hazosure aBTopa
fol.ep
llporzcxoNg4errlre qeroBeKa npeAKOB... OT )KLIBOTTIbIX 26. Karosa ocHoBlraq I4aefl npoHcxox,4eHHe RH.r{ac noMOIIIbIO CCTCCTBCHFIOI'O OTf{eHr.rs 9apnr,sa flapr.wta?
6opa...npeeMcrBeHHocrb pa3Bl.j'rvn xvsoi/' ilp [rpoAbl...
27.Hasosvfl'c aBTopa nQaycrao
Ible...I\'no...
f{ayxa, u3\ {arcula.s M2lrepr4anbH\Io H AlxoBH\,{o rCVnFnJ,pyHaporqoB... oco28. Hro raKoe elHorpaQrtl? 6er lr roc'r'rr6t,tla, HpaBoB, tn6yAs K)ilbryphr r
Teopnr ro3HaHlrr
273
0{6r-o fti
s;l:rPevlar-tnt*oou+.r*
rurrqr
-noH9TnuBocTb" Tecruponauae seo6xoAr4Mo Har{arb c rpelbero 3alavnn.Ectu lrcnbrrveMoMyrre ygaercfl cnpaBnTbcqxorq 6sr c oAHHM vs salasnfi rloll Ho[repamtt 3, 4 turw 5, nprlro BepH),'Tbcr no BTopoMyH nepBoMy3aAaHVs.M. F,cttu tecrupyeMbrri He Mo)r(er Aarb orBer no npolrecrBnr{ 10-15 ceK,Bonpoc HpKHo rroBTopxTb. Ecnz nocleAoBarenlFl o AaHo ! uenpaznnbHblx orBe'I'a, r4crrbr'[arntr Heo6xo4r.rmonpepBarb. 3a sr,rnorseHrle 3aAaHnft7 vt 2 lrcrrrrrvelrona,vnpu6annqercr 2 utu 0 6ar,roe, tsbrrroJrHeHae sa\aHufr.3- 14 oqeutrut Ec,lu acnlr'ryeltufi tre r{xBaerc.rr s 2, I A 6arJros. [epBoe 14 BTopoe BbIno,rIH.rL'r 3a1ale,Htr,euy go6anr.flK)T 46atta. Bonpocu cyft ecr a 2 "fl.or.rr trraBocrb> 1) 3auen Mbrcrnpaeu o4ex4r'i 2) 3avelr v noe3Aaecrr' Inurarerr? J) Hto BbrcAenaere,ecirn Harl4ele Ha yJIHrIe3aner{araHnufi ronnepr c rraAnHCaHrrbrM aApecorvlH Harc'reer{r{oH rrHofi napxoli ? rfeHCfrorrr)3osa -1) Orvero B AepeBHeBo3r'Ilxr\qure, qex{ B t opole? 5) Ec,ru nu :a5,rr,gr{rllcb n JlecvLHeNr,itax 6sI BbIrIorrItIH, .{'to6r,r BbriiTu tts :rccal 6) llo.leu,v rp) lloRoe 3ar(or{oAa're,{bclBoolpar{HquBaer pa6ovnri AeHbrroApoc'r'roni' preSerarrn.rtrixoiixor'rttettuu? 7) 3a.{eMH\DKFro c('Jnr. cri/lrr lr Kl4tlcvrea'r'pe, B) 9ro Rbr /lonxrrbl (.rl('Jr1l'r'r,. l l ;l) \ f 3' . 1\ r r l' r J ilr ,' l r,rrti l trrt r! IL i ' 9) {'xr ()lll nr{ltc'r' uocJrorriqa
flpnuepxrre ortserbr H r(pHTepI,Iu oIIeHoK Tecra 1. OAesrcqa: 2 6anta - rrc6ol)l orBer, coAep)KaurnrZlrr,tc,rr oqnilIeHrrfl o'r rp-tr3H(uro6rr 6wra sncroli; .{To6bI )'AxnHTbI Ps3b r r. 4.): 0 6a-nnos- orBer, lre coAepxat\tth )r€3aHIII"tIIa oquilleHHe OT rpq3H (rroToMy r{'ro Haqano Mecsqa; TaKAenarbrrpaBHnbHo). 2.,llpnrazvn: 2 6ann - orBer, cBnAereJlbcrnl'roulnri o roM, qlo Hcnbll\Bnrarerfl, ryeuufi 3Haer o rlperXHa3Haq.eHnkl xoroprrir Aaer cLrr,v noe3Ay (uro6u rflH)"rb elo, uro6rr railfv'rb [oe3A c flaccanupavn); 0 6alros - orlrer, Ire coAepx(a:u\ttitIIAcH ABIl;fieHHqroe3ga (vro6rl MaIITHI{HCI-\,' 6mro rerl'Io, .{ro6lt t ta cHlnalr,t). o6pau4anuBI'II4MaIIHe ). Kounepr: 2 6anla - trc6oft orBer, IlIe npocnexnBaercq MbIcJlb o noHEMaHHrrrlfro, qro nHCbMoAorncro 6nm, rreMeMeHHoolnparl.tleno (eepuy'b Ha rroqrv, ilOCtIaTf' |IO IIOIITC, OnyCTHTb IIHCbMO B noq' r' oeuri lqui L{ r)l - rroFrI.rMaIIlIe loro, qro nHCbMO tuloxel 6nrL'l 7 6tut:t qr,efi-ro co5ctseHlrocTbK), tr ltcnltLryel,lt'ttl ne 3nae'r'.KAKI.INIpacnopfl/Illruc-t (or4arl MII-[rrrlr.1()r{cl)\'. o'f I lcc'r'I4R cToJ'II{axoAoK. rloilL)o: 6orrall r rll-ii'Lt n.na/1e;ttr1:t) 0 6a,r,rog- IroJIlIOe He3IIaHHe'rol'o, KaK ltv;{ttIO ilocr}'K TICMV, nprTb c rIHcbMoM (ue npnracarbct rlpoqH I erb el'o).
1. Bosryx 2 6anla 7 6atw
- oco3u'.ttttlc'r'()t(). LI't'ots ceJtlocK()r-1 Mccrllocr'll Ro:lil)'x qttcrun. a R ropoAe efo 3al'p.q3rlflK)1': -- o5t'.scseHne cflellllQunn I{JIH l'o.III)Ko ropoACKO|(-) BO3A\Xa'
LI"rIl'I CCJIL'CKOI-O:
,s
oqr.n:
s:*ltpe?a}rrl2*oaa_
karrsrK.,Hd
0 6arroe -- HenoHuNraluLre, no nanoli [pLrr{HHe B lopo;1e Bo3Ayx rpnsnur"r, a B ceJrbcxoli uectrrocrr.r .lactbrll.
5.JIec: 2 6anna - rn6oe o6r,scseulre xcilonb3oBaHlrqrtpupoAHbrx flBneHlln AnJrBbrxoAarr3 Jreca(no[brT'aK)cbH.IITrrB o.4HoM rranpaBJ'reFrrru, 51'Ay opHer{Tr4poBa'Ibcg no cotlFrrl}-, Mxv, BrvrecTo KoM[aca nclorr,3y]o qacbr, nahgy p1^reii ruuz TporrHHKV); - \.noMIrIIaIIple c.[] raiiusrx opr.reHTr4poBuJrr4 7 6atl OAHOTOH3 flBJrerrHHrrpelr,rAyulefo oTBe'ra (notirX,vno rponlzrrre, noligy no co;rnr1y); 0 6aryros - r{cnoJrb3oBaHneFrenaAe)(HbrxopnerrrupoB nnn HaLen
>t
0 6a,r.nos - neper{r4cJrer{He A\pHbrx cropoH KoMrraHHI4, Hlrqefo He o6'sgctun{ H He yror{rlflf,, roqeNry BO3Fu{Kr{vr rrenprrrrrHocrlr (or raKnx KoMnaH}rr"I Her{efo )rqfarr, xopor[efo, uaitrv KoMnaHIIIo cxopornerZ penyrar{r4eri, ulruellv xopolreMy He Har{umbc-'I, oT TaKHx OAHH HerrpLlt{tHocTrr; cJr),a{aiir{bre3HaKoMbreHH r uemy).
S.Iloxcap: - ocMbrcJreHueroro, r{To oro cJre;1}€l .rloBecr}r fl a1v'nr:'v.crpar\Lrvt(coo6qy 6ute/IO cBeAeHH Tepv,cKa)K.vaAMnHr4cTpaTop_y, no3oBy r{eJroBeKa,Koropr,rfi orxpr,rnaer H 3aKpbrBaer4nepu); - noHnMarrlre roro, .{ro ueo6xoAr4Mo npeA| 6atn rrpr4H.rrrbKaKrre-ToornerHbre Aerlc'rBrrfl,Mo)Ker,H rre croJrb aQQexrnnnrre (Hxllovv 3BoHoK nox(aprrorZrperolu, Bbr3oBVrrolrupFrbrx uJrz ilolvlll| cau); 0 6aruos - oilvca:.:.Lre4ericlnurZ. xoropr'le Sylty'cnoco6a 6e4.7r{e [peAorcruoBarb co3ilarruro nalrLrr{r4, Bpar.sr (:;arpnvy
9. Kyfrsxeteso: 2 6anta
7. Ilnoxas xounanas: 2 6uun - rrc6ofi o-rBer, r/xe coAepxaTc.fl r.{brcJ-rb o loM, I{TO qCIOBCK CT'EIIC]'I'X\}iC. NOI]AACT NOA AYP( ot r : l l) . 1: I nl) at uaet ' o 6 p a s n u c HOe RJ. l14lt 1111' rcll:i .lc,rrorrt:ti1l, nlt()/ltn' lI l,ICIq,'txeI.II4e, oKa3bI-
| 6uvt
rl1lc'r' r u loxoe Btr lIrI H Hc I I a ll ol ]eileHl"le t4 MbtcItt4 rxlAel:l, He:'IoBeK iloApaxac'l' /lp)rlaM H craHolJltrcfl noxo)Knu ua Hrlx)l
| 6ann
pa3p)ruraer perr)'Tarduro,.{T'o5l,rHe [onacrb r6e4y, B r4l'ofe caM c't'aucrrrr)rrpecrynHprKox.r, Ha),qal qerr()rleKlrrir()x()M\,catr 6y4eurbcql{(r('Jt()ltcttoM L7^t. T?',I'lrClr /l)'l)r lr,tM A; tLr ,^l .)?e Jnr(-tVtr
rV
I
tE _,vbzx*
0 5arrcx
- To,{KoBaHr{c nepeHocrrofo cMbrcJra[ocJroBHqu (xor/Ia [peAocraBJUrercfl Rol]Mo)Krrocrb, rr),)KHo cc Hc[onb3oBarb, HalXo Aeficrr]oRarb, KorAa li )eMfi r rpr.rrrrlo): - KOHKpernrrrZ npnr,rep vJrLr5lu.r3xoe, Ho r{e'roqHOe IIOHHMaHHe nepeHOCHOfO Crtt'tC.rra(npn narpeBaHHH xeJle3o graHoBlllc.s M'I'KHI{ Il JIerKo Kyercr, geficrnoearb HaAo ceroArls, ecrrl B roJroBe froflBHJlacb IIeFIHaq H.4efl, r{aao peaec, II()tta t<'trl-tltt[rr'/I,t'clo He BocJIHUoR2T'b n
t f rl -d \
supeeuttro.aqek4'.rq
o{6rq k.,HtlKctFo
3a H cnoco6lr .reraHrw (ngen cBe.qeHnscqeToB,uraAb oAexAy rroKa)"rK)f ropnuuti). IO. Eparc 2 6utna - ocMbrcnerrxeneo6xognMocrr4 u Quenvecroro, H cour4aJrbHoroco3peBaHHsqenoBeKanpH Bcqa,'reHurz o 6pax; - )moMHHaHHeroJrbKo o4uofi rr3 )moMflIll,rblx 7 6atn BbrrrenpuqHH; O 6utlos - HenoHaMaHHenpnqr4H.
r ann3al\rrr4 Aerren L'Hoct u s nro6ofr cQepe rpyn?i - _\'rcHeHI4e, qro orc)'r'crBue nJIaHr'IpoBaHt'I.s npr-rBeAeT K He)KeIal'eJrbltblM nocnc.IJcTIlH'IM; 0 6affroe - FrerroHnManrae lreo6xonr{Mocrn H c\TuHocrtl nJraH14poBar{u.fi. I6ann
74.Jlacto,rKa: 2 6anta
OAHH [pHMep; nOC[eilIHbIe BbIBoAbI ]IOKenaT'eIbHbI; npeAcKa3aHr4s. HA OCHOBe eAHHCTBeHHOf O CnYi,As HeAOIyCTIIMbI) ;
lI. Maoro mwa: 2 6uma - o6'nscHeHnenepeHocHoro cMbrcra nocJIOBI,IIIbI;
I 6ann
| 6'ant
- KoHKperurrfr npumep vnr4 6rur3xoe, Ho He oqeHb ToqHoe noHaMal{ne neDeHocHoro
0 6alron
-
cMbIc.IIa; rrenoHHMaHHe roro, qro Tfl,eTcfl, nOCIORLTI Ie fi ,
aro
tsbrpDKeHr{e flts-
12.DrSnrofr 2 6uua
- noHHManr.rerofo, .rro ueo6xoAHNro cuasara yCnbIIIIaTb 3BVKH IIJIH peqb, .{lO6lr
IOTOM I{X
noBTopr{Tb (vro6rr no.rlpaxerb pequ, ee ueoSxogur.ro cilbl[Iarb: I'INIT'l]Kelo IIa]^{H'rbCtl I'OROpHl'b, |IOI'OMY IITO STPI JIIOII,H He CJIbIlullT, KllK fOBOpsT OCTatIbHbIe; Hetlb3g Ha-
| 6anx
roBopHlb 5es nououlr,r c.n1xa); \rquTbc,rr - HcrrbrryenalrlisHae'r,qro cJrlx H peqb B3ar.rMoHo I-re 3ltaeT, KaKI.IMO6pa:ou (ue cB-rr3aHbr,
MOr\T CJIbIIrIarb, |IOTOMV H r{e fOBOpqr; He CJIbIIIIaT,KaK n pO u:'|II( Xl tl'l'Cs:JRVKLI : HCCnOCO6HbI npaR r{ J rbr() r u l )()n :J n e c l u c l o u a ) t 0 6:ul,ros - Afico.lrrlr'rroc rrc3r;arni('t'()fo, qro cryx H peqb u3attNIocts.flsaHr,l(H :i'r'()M c,[yr{ae HMeeTct{ cBrr3b c fr'rarrAaMr4,Mo)(er. rrepBbr cla6rre, TaKHMH r rHoriXa po)nJaro]'cfl ).
13.Ilnannpoaanue: 2 6ann - norrr.ilrilnrrc 1'()r'().rrl'() nJraHHpoBarrze rreo5XOIHNr) / pr ) r r rl): I BrrJrr,rr()ri, paquoHa;rrnol:i
op-
- o6rqcrreHne nepeHocHoro cMbICranoctIoBI,Iqu (uerras, nerarb o6o6nlenne, Hcnorb3y'q
- KoHKperHufi npnrnep vnu 6lu3Koe, Ho He oqeHb ToqHoe rroHvMal{ue nepeHocHoro cMbrcJra (egnHclneuuulfi npusHaK ycnexa He o3r{aqaeT oKoHqaTerIr,Hlilz ycflex; oAHa r{acTb
He CO3AaeTI-I€JIOI'O;eCJIHOAHa ilTIjUA nphJleTHT parrbrxe ocTaJlbrtblx, To Io JIeTaBce paBHo erqe Aa;rero); 0 6ar,ros - a6co,rrcruoc HenoHItMarlrie Hc[r,ITveMbIM Toro. qTO |Iepe[I IILIM nOOrOBHLla,IrOnr,ITKa [epeBecrH cMrICJI rIoctIoBHIIbI He cneuuQu'lecrufi ypoBeHb (ec,ru qro-To I pas xopouo [OJT]'qHnOCb,3TO I-Ie 3I{aqHT, qTO TbI'I'eilepb Hacry-nHl' ,rleTo, H nacToqeK elrle uanrruli; Solr,ure 6vler').
Cy6recr3
-APllgilETlltlEcKllF" Ecr n pesl',rnrarbl orpul
IarenbHble, IICIlbITaHHe ll)r{iljo scc )r.e crrpaBHTC"tIc oAocl-artoRr.ITr,.Ecla 0,aa15111'e\1bIfi Ht{M r,133a11auufi, Tecrnp( )u l I I I t c I lp()i1( )Jl)Kaelcfl ilaJ'Ibrue. eaSanvtri recrlrpveLlc,wr npu IrbInoJIItcI{Hrz c l1-I4 uut'i iiael Beprrbre orBerbl B KoporKHI-r cpoK, To eM]'.qalorcrr Aono,{riureJlbllble 6utnat. llocle 4 HenepHltx ortseloB
peKoMeHAyry rec'rHpoBaHue :PeKparHrb. /^;;1)r a e tr tE l
YI
o-taro ftf
ruHsrKdHd
3a sce BepHbreolBerbr l{aercq no 1 6a,u1r Ecrn lecrrapvenunr He Bbrrro;rrrqnnepBoro r,rBTopofo sa4lrruir, euy Aorro,{Hr4TerbnorXo6asrlrrK)'rcfl2 6uma.
Bonpocrr 1.Y eac 6rr.no 3 xnrrrn, I cat owatu. Cxomxct xrrnr ocrurocr,? 2. Crorsxo 5\'Aer, ecJrz cno)KHTb 4py6.tt 5 p1t6? 3.Eclru qeJroBeKnpa rroKlrrKeKapaHgatsrefi. ua 6 py6.,taer 10 py6., xaqzro cAaql'ou nolylnr? 4. Cxoluco
KHJlol.paMMoBcocraBmer
2,5 uerrruepa? 5. Mam.rux rgmr4n6 rerpa4eri no 25 pv6. Karyro cyMMVort lrcrparutt 6. Cromxo nr{po)KKoBMo}r$ro Kvrrr4'rr) sa 36 p-v6.,ecrur oAHH nr{po){toK c'rour
6 pv6.?
7. KarroeBpeMrrnorpe6yercr r{eroBexy*,t11g6"t npor:rflr '24 t<w.ecJiu ot{ HAer co cKopocrbro 3 *tr/u? B. Eclu qeroBeK rroKvnaer 7 gnvxpl'6JretsbrX MapoK rr.Iaer 50 py6., cKoJrbKo
Bpeus Orngrrr 15 c
'2 xp.ut-tt
l5 c
9 pl'6
15 c
4 p),6
l5c
250xr
30c
150p1'6.
30c
6nupo)KKoB
30c
8.i
30c
36 pv6.
9. l4s 18 py6. nspacxo4oRanw7 pv(r. x'r,/ 50 xon. Cxoloxo /Ier{cr'()("r'1lJr(
30c
10 p,v6. 50 ron.
10. l{crre Tirr\'.rClrtrror(:}cJrclrolo l()polnKa :i 1 py5. Ctto,rtno cl'olrr 72 6tr' sox?
60c
l86 pv6.
oH /-l()I)KCIi ltonla{HTb cAaqrz?
1 1.9eroeex npuo6pe,r noAeplKaHH\rro ue6em sa 2/3 crouMocf'u uonoii. 60c 3a ero orr Bbrrrrarrurzl00 p\'(r. K:rrrorlr IIeIla FIoBorlnrcSc"rr rr2
600 pv6
Bonpocu
Bpeua Orsgrbr
12.f-Iuu;ro I copra crouT 60 p16.,II copTa * Ha 15'.zo,rlemeB.ue. Kaxona qeua II coora?
60c
51 p,v5.
13. B .{eroseK Mor},r 3arorrqult pa6ory :a 6 gl'rel/'.Cro;rsxo qeroBeK seoSxoApIMo,qro6u 3aKoI{r{r4TE, a'ry'pa6orv :a norulsg?
o)c
96'aeNOBCK
Cy6recr 4
-cxoacTBo"
TeclzpoeaHr.re rr).DKr{oHaqr4Harb c BbrrrorrHeHHr nepBO|O 3aAarII'r,'Ico cnoB: <.BqeM cxoACTBo...,>. Eclu [o4pu4 gauo 4 Fre[paRr4nbr{r,rxorBera,'ro recrlrpotsar{He ueo6xoAHrlO npeKpaTH-r'b.
3alanvrs,Tecra l. fla-nrlo - niral'be 2. Co6axa - JreB 3. Tonop - rrtrna 4. r\rrerr,crrt - 6aua:n 5. Cro.rr- crln 6. Cenep - 3anail 7. floama - cra'rrytr
8. Boagyx - BoAa 9.ftae - yxo 10.floorqperrue -- HaKa3arrHC 11.fltiqo - 3epr{o 12. Myxa - AepeBo 1J. fpeuecnHa * crup'r
flpnuepHne orBerbr r4Kprirepvu orIeHoKTecra 2 6anna - ln6oe porrloBoerroHsrue, ilo,r{Koropoe noIra/lalor qrreHbr lauuctit neprrr; 0 6a.nrros- cneqnQnr{Hbre rrpH:lHaKHKax(Aoro r43rureHoB napbr, HeyMecrHbreo6o6rqer rla\ pa3nvrrvrs.. l.Ilantro - rvrarbe: 2 6'anta - oAer,qla... rpcANlelL'roiIC;Mbl...rraprA; - crXenaHbrr{3 TKaFrH... rroMolaK)T coxpaHaTb 16atn TeIIJIO... I,IX HOC_flT...HMrr nprrKpbrBaro',I TenO... BeIrIH, KOTOpbIe HaAeBaIOTC.[;
-lL.-^ }f;S JL
o-, '4h
s,.o'perz.,'.r'o*oo**r^*"f
ra kuHcKuHo
0 6a,Tros - nanbro rertJlee, qeM [tlarbe... cAeJ'IaHbII43 oAHOrO H TOI'O )Ke na'repuaila... naJlbro HaAeBaelcfl lroBepx wra-rbr... o6a lrlrercr ilyroBnqbr.
T. Ilosua - crzrffr: 2 6atta - ilpor{3BeAeHu.rr Hcr(yccrBa... xvno)KecrBeHHbre TBOpeHr{.tr... BbrpilKeHHe | 6anl
2. Co6axa - rreB: - ;(utsorHble... lIJIeKOnHTaIouHe; - y HLlx railbl... Mex...xBocrbl... ilpxHarx.[o{€T K o/{HONIy BI4A'; 0 6a,r,ros - roxox(H BHeIxHe... reB pblr{HT, co6at
3, TonoP - fiwle: - arICTp)'MeHTbt...pacceKaloque oplAllfl; 2 6ltna - HcrloJlb3ylolcfl nnorHI4KoM... LrMvr pacqne| 6ant HqIOT H a q aC'I'H...MeT'aiItIUqe cKLTev3qe nv.tr; O 6alrcts - c,qeJIaHbIH3 Meran/'Ia... JIrcAH 6os'rct{ l{x... y HHx ecrb p) {KH ... vMrl trr4ltx't n py6xr.
1. Anenrcan - 6anaa: 2 6anna - Qpvrru;
5, Cron - cryrl: 2 6atuta 7 6atn
- ne6e:tr... ilpelllIerbl ueSelz; - npeAMelhl AoMaIIJHet'o xo3qtlc'rlla... Ilaxollfll'C.fl Ha lCyXIIe H B C'IOIOSOI'1... L{CnOIb3\-IO'ICrl
BC)
Bpex{t eAbI; 0 6alutog - cro,T, .{'ro6bl :la IIt{}1 cC'I't,,c't'\'il, qTo6lt IIa HeNl c H r ' l e l ' b ... Ii r ,I( ' l( ) ' l I l( ) tt( ' l I' l l) c t lo ) KKl I... i l pe/{l tae1 l ' r I l i l /' l( - ' l) cltlt.
o. Cenep - sarra,4:
'2 6ama
- HanpaBJIelILI-n... cropoHbt clrc'r'll...KoMrIacHbIe TOT{KH;
- \,Ka3brRalor IlaM, n})(1r rr,r Irile'fe... rlec'ra ua Kap'r'e: 0 6arros - pacc'lr )r r rrr('...i\l()rir ro t trlr:t'r'llg o6e ci'opoubt. l6aln
- cAenaHbr r{enoBeKoM... cr.rMBorrnqHbr...KpacnBbIe BeuIH... BOIH,VIOTq\BCTBa...flts,{qlol'Cs naMTTIIHKzMH - 3aC"IAB[flJOT[IOMI:II4Tb...paccKa3brBaK)T o r{eM-To... Bbrpa){{aloT qyBcTBa
kurLr II!eK); 0 Sarron - ilogMa oilrrcbrBaer c'r'ar\.To...co3AaHbr 3HaMeHHl'brMH JloAL,MLr...6e:xugneurrbre... rroaMy LIHTAIOT,A HA C'TATYOCMOTPflT.,.HPAB,'ITC'IJII(J1J.'M...e Cnv xoporx He, To coxp aH.rrroTc.f,rr aAor -
ro. B.Bos,qyx - Bo,4e: Bo3Alx ueo6xo2 6ann - ueo6xoTlrrMbr AJrr )KH3nH... gur.t, uro6r,r )KplTb, r4 BOAaueo6xogulra, v.to6rr )Kr.rrb... Heo6xoAuubr 71rrfl SyrxrlzouupoBarrHrr qeJroBer{ecxolo lera... 6es Hrax }reBo3]\{C )K I{O )K LITb.,. C TI{ X Ii I{ ,..
- nI4ItIa... To, qro cAJIT'...IIoKpbITbI xo>rypolZ... IIBeTa...COAepxa'f IIHTaMHIIbI; OAI{TIaKOBOTO 0 6arutoe - Kpvrnble... oAIlHllKonoil cpoput't. 7 6atn
x)Ao)KecTBeHHbrx
TIYBCTB;
C OC TA B } IbIC
I{ A C TH
aluoc
9. fnas - Wo:
2 6anttzt - oprarlr'I rrvRC'r'BITJIHBocnpvtriv.s.... perlelrropbl C]'I4MyJlOB; - opmHr,r... qSct'tt reJla... qepe3 Hr{x MbI rIoJIy1 6a,r;r qacM
.l l l l l l l I'l rl :
0 ir:r-rr,ron* rieo6xoTqltx,IrnqcJIoBeK,v..Itta3or't BHltHl{. vxoN{ cil,rrrrrrM... oeia orrpttRarcTcn Hap)tK4,.. coo6rqxm]'lJaM o ToN{,r{l'() loBopHTcfl... qHTaeM nc) ll'5an H CJIbIIUHM)xoM To, r{To rIpou3LIOcHTCfl. t-r1 L,x, il^o)
--v\
*fri
eo.,t-trD"o. s,o.p
o46r-q kuuqKu*"o lQ. Iloor4peHwe - Har
11.flftqo - seprro: - ltaqaro )r
12.Myxa -,4epeBo: 2 6utna | 6aln
- )Kr,IBbre cyuleclBa...uMeror xH3Hb; - rxr,r[rar...pac'ryT...r{\DK4a}orcqB nr4ule...'r'Rope-
"*.o{F*
Cy6recr 5
ql'|(PP" ..nOBTOPEHIIE p;I.rIBEI nonHeFrn-rrnpeAJralalor.{arrHue Hnrre 3a4a:e.l,z.g. c.aorAenbHo. B o6onx recrax quQpu npou3rroc.srcrrco cKopoc'r'bn 1 rluQpa B cerq,'i-rA\.', npuqeM quQpu B rpvnnbr He coeAurrr{tor. Ha noc.ne4Heli rjuQpe cepr.ru foJroc H1rKHo noHurKaru. llo HoMepv cepvr4 orrpeAeJrflerc.sKonHqecrBo rIHQp B 3'd.[alal,z^Lr. flonropenue qlrQp B rpffMoM uop{AKe llepnl'ro npo6y HaqzrraeMc rpem,efi cepan. flpn nepHoM Bocrrpor43BeAeHrru nepsolZ npoSu MoxFro nepexoAHTEK cre4pou1efi, 6olee cloxrror)i. Ecrn npu Bocnpou3BeAeHHr4nepsorZ npo6r,r Stutu AonyqeHbr ourra6rra,ro Mo)Krroilpr4clvnarb K Bbr[onHeHHK)nropofi rrpo6r,r aroii xe cel)HH. Eclrtt zagaupre lrbrnorHeHo vcilerrrr{o, MO)Kr{o nepexo4aTr,K cneAvrorrleficepun. Korv.{ecrso (rarroe coortsercrtsyer Konur{ecrny qraQp calrorZ g;tttuttofr. cepw, Bocnpou3Be4eHHori 5es orrrn6ox e nepnofi rrJrvRl'opori npo6ax.
FIHf npapoAlr... Hy)fiJaloTCrIB CoITleqHoM CtseTe Ai\s x0{3Hr{: 0 6anron - no/IHlrMarorcrr B Bbrrxur{y Ha orrpbrroM Bo3A\Xe... y NrlD(H ecTb KpbrnbrllrKr{, a }i AepeBa Jlprc'rbr... Mlxa MaJrerrbKar, a AepeBo 6oLrr,lloe... noJle3Hbr Arfl qenoBer(a... cfloco6nlr pa3MHOXaTbCfl. t - cnupr: lJ.,{penecana ..2 5:uun opl'arHr{ecKr{c coellrlr rerrurr...coAep)Kar yrnepoA... yTJreBoAopoilbr; - ropqr... HcrronL,3),rorc-rrB rrp()MbrrrrJreHHocrz... I 6anl I4cnonb3)roTc_s KaK |opK)qc(' ; 06ar;ronilpoAyrTbr AepeRa... cnup't' rrpor43BoAsr H3 'l() H AP\,Toe Mo)KeT rr()Jtc':lril,r... ApeBecr.rrrr,r... c 6 u ' l ' t , ( ' I I( ) t:a 4-l
A,L-)4,4 f.f,f4vt
lY
I I
-1-9-4-7
- 3
,3-9-2-4-8-7
5-9-1* 7-1-2-8 5 -8-
lt
1 c)- 2-6-4-7
2-7 - 5 - 3-6-2-
I
7- t ) - . r - 8- 6
3-8-4-9-5-r-7
5 -8-4 7 -r-3-9-4*2-5-6
-4
,s
ot".o
e.ilPePr/}{roe4teu.
rcaHsrrc.,tso
>e
flonropenne qHQp n o6pamrou nopr.qKe TecrnpoearJr.re HaqHHaercfl, c BbrnonHeHzx nepnolZ npo6rrrperlerZ cepw. Orra cocrovl' H3 rpex r1HQp. flpn ourn6oqHoM BocrrpoH3tse4eHr4r4neo6xo4ulro Bo3BparnTbcrr xnepnofi npo6e nropori cepur{.
flpnuepnue ortserbrr.rKpr.rreplrnorIeHoKcJroBapHoro cy6recra B npuHqune, rroAXoAHT Ka:KAoeo6qenpuuqroe ro,'IKOIlaHr4e CJrOBa, HO Ha ilOnOXHTeJIbHyIO
z
Ilpo6a I 5-8
3
i-2-c)
4-r-5
1
{-
+-9-6-8
)
r-5-2-8-6
5- 1 -8 -4-3
6
5- 3 - 9 - 4 - r - 8
7-2-1-8-5-6
)-7-A
1
8- 1 - 2*g-3-9-5
8
)-1-3-7
2 6uaw fl3brKa; 3) oAuH ptJIHHecKotrbKo orJrzquTelbHhlx H,'Itr ocIIoRI{bIx lpH3HaKOBi 4) poitosoe flor{srrle, K KoropoMy ol'IIocHTC.fl AarII:Ioc C IOB O;
5) HecnolrKo Beplro orrncbrBaroqux [pI43]{aKoB, Koropr,Ie IIe AaIOT TOqHO|O Onpe/leJrel,{ufl,I{O B C-Vl\IMe \T\a3bIB A K )T TIA N OI{H N IA T{H C C IOR A :
-7-3-9-1*9-8-2
6) il;tst rraforon - xrq)ltK'I'epttt'tir rrpnmep ;feiic'r'Rl,ItrvrJrr4 flpr.lqr4HHof o cooTr rorrreHHfl.
Cy6recr
"cnoBAPHbtf,"
lleperl Tec'I'r.rpveMbrM K.rral(\T cnHCoK cJroB r.r npocr{T oSrsctt llrl:._3r{arreFrr{eKar{V{ofo. Brrnolrreuue zalanuv\ rraqnrrllct'('rr c() cJroBa rroll HoMepoNr 4. Ecllr nepS:r.rrr,rr(x'Ml,ntrJJcirureHcrbrryeMofo FI2XO,']{HTCf{ Illl nH3ri()t\rt})()Bilc.'l'o rlaqHrlaK)l' c |IepBol.o CJ I O I JE .
lloc:re 5 rrevTta.{Hbrx orBeroB HcrrbrTarrHerrpeKpaxIaeTC.[. C,'rosac nepBoro no rperbe orleHr.rnar()'t'cst s 2 nntt O 6annoB,nce ocranbHbrc - B 2.7 r.utvrO r-llr,rr.rros. Ecnu ucnuTyeMbIe Hc IlptrcT\rilAJrr.r li 'l'()ilri()lJatIpllo nepBol.o TpeTfreIO CJIOR,'l'( ) I Ii\l /rlot-llllt,rtltt'tt'rt (r f)a.rt,'IOg.
CJIOBA.
1) xoporuufi cuHouuirr; 2) ocuonrroe yrrorpe6neHze ctloBa B c,'IoBapHona QoH4e
7-',2-8-1-9-6-5
-6-2-5-8
3HAqCHH-g
Orsersl r{a c.rroBa1-3 orlenaBarorcr{s 2 prru 0 Cra;r,ros, a BCeocra,{bHbre- s 2. 1 unw 0 6arrotr.
tlpo6a2
'2-4
OLIeHIqV BIrI{seT
6eAsocrr coAepxeHr4-s,a raK)Keror Qanr, qro qeJIoBeIiHe 3T{ACT TOI{HOTO
Cepwkt
^ & -\"b?/v*
-
16a.ttn: 1) o'r'ner',rre.sBJrqrouyttficn HeIlepIrbIM, no 6e*Tnrtii uo coAeplKaHrlro; ?\ HeonpeAer'renrrlrrZ HJrHr{e'I'oqln tl1 cunorrnlr ; -)I rtrrOrpe,5ler{He crotsa g ,lssrre, 6e: BTOpOCTeITeHHOe VIO'{IICIIHR; lBiT.rrroilIuecfi IIpaIIHJIbIIbIN{H, I{o He onpe4) npn:Haxu, M r,r 11I { e o',IJ'II{q H]'eJI b I lbl M l'l ; IOUIH AeJ--Ifl
5) ilpHM ep Hcrronb3oBaHVfl CIIOBA6e: tTOUtletrt t it; 6 ) rrpaBHnbHoe oilpe/IeJrel{ne poAcTBeHHofo ctloBa. 0 6atatoa: IO IleRCl)l I I)lCl()'l'BC'l'r,I; |I]'Cl'r,te O'I'llC'l'lt, Ilpfl&Io foBopflil{He HE IIOIIHNI:TC'I'3IIAT{CHUqC'IOBAi
1) OqeBIIAI ,)\
O TOM, tll'O qenOBeK
3) 6e,tHrte ro cBoel{y coAep;fiaHlllo ol'Be'rbl
slrlpeaaFtn)"oo"+4
oaAro ka'qrrtvro
Ea.urrrrecra
Smanus,Tecra
1.lerrrru
2.3aurpax
J. Kopa6,rr
4.Cwetr;fi
5 .3 u wa
6. Cneruarr
7. OrpouHurft
B.3Aauue
!. Kpoealr
10. Crpslnaru
I L Xpau
12.Qa6puxa
13.CnororiHufi
14. PacxoAogarr'
15.Crofixoclr
16. HecpanHenurrfi
17.fleqepa
18. Conporvtsnntoulufr.cn
1P.3arpoivro)KAat,
20. flpen-a'rcrBoBarrr
2 1 . P enoHl
22.3axasur;rBarb
23.6erc'r'sue
2-1.llporarrbrna'rb
25.Aeratrc
26.llpuroaop
2T.Pacxasswe
28. O6avN{nrsarr
29. nomau;urtir
30.)Karocrr
31.PeryrupoBarb
12. ()6ocHaqarE,
33. llapo/pur
34.Ha'twsats
35. CoSpanne
36. Ocgsaerablil
3T.fltrarrnr'
JB. 3.rroLlcull.li
JP.llepanerp
,1O.'l.upa4a
2BB
I. fletnrw (ueralluuecKue MoHerbr r,l 6yuaxHue 3HaKH, rro KoTopbrM Mo)KHo H3MepHTb CTOr{MOCTb TOBApA vnv ycn\ryv, :r.anlaTaJr. cpe4crna) : 2 6anna - sceo6uufr exsunaleHT... Ha HHx Mo)KFroBce rt'rrrr4Tb... cpeACTBar^rarex
s1.41pe?attr12€4-te.-.n'bv** ^ &
o{6rq *r
>G
kuHqrrrrro 5. 3una (cauoe xoJro/IHoe BpeMfl ro4a. Bpeua roga, KoIAa coilHeqHbre nyqu HMeror nau6oltunir yrol HaKroIra. CesoH ts rol{}/ Me)KAyocellblo I,rnecHofi): 2 6anna - caMoe xonoAHoe BpeMrr roAa... nocle4Hzil ce3OH B IOAV nocne OCeHH...BpeM.s ro{a, KOfAa coJrHrle HH)Ke3KBaTOpa...xonoAHbre Mecqrlbr... ce3orr rb1\a v cHera - xonoAHblrZ ces<_ru; - xoJroAHaq noroAa... KorAa Bce 3aMnpaer H or15'mn Abrxaer".. Kor/la xonoAHo... rrpoTr.{BorroJro)KHOCTbtleTa... XOIOAHO TaK, qTO HID(HO TeITJIO oAeBaTbcrr...BpeMs lo4a... - HIefl TonbKo ce3orra vJrH xo,'IoAHou [ofoAbr; 0 6annoe wrvMar... r.{3MeFreHr4e noroabr. 6. Cnempnn (craparrcn fleJrarb, r4c[onH.rrrb r{To-r{r{6yAr, rtax Mo)KHo cKopee. T'opoflHTbcfl): '2 6anta - ToporruTbcrr, ycKopf,Tb, ynerr4qvBarb BpeMq... 6ucrpo Br,rroJ'rHqrb...6r,rcrpo WTr4, HecrHC b... noropanJraBarbc.s... y6tlcrpxrl TeMn... Aenarb qro-To 6rrcrpo... [ocnelrarb... crpeMuTbcfl 5r,rcrpee nonacrb Kyrxa-To,rre ono3.Iarb; - 6rrcrpo... cKopo.... 6exarr... B cneurKe... Hpru{o | 6'atl ugru 6atcrpee... Toponwrs co6t;'rnn; 0 6auos - LIETLIc rpenorofi... xole6atcq... ona3AbrBarb... 6r,r'tr rra.{eKy... B 't'oNr cnyqae, ecrn recrapyeMbrrz Aaer pa3foBoplroe RbrpDKeHr4eBpo/Ie
| 6ant
no pa3Mepy
KonH-
- ruraFrrcKr.rri... o.{eHr 6olnuor1... rpona4uufi, rcltr 6r l.ltt,tt toir :r:lJI...l(()r( )ccaltu ulft. Hcnojt 14Hcxnir (Cto.rrltrlc,qcM t1rrLrurrrofi)...npeRbrlralorqufi o6trvHr,re pa3Mepbr, KAKBeJrr.rKaH... tparrAr,r03rrsrr.r; - 6orrurofi... lloRolrbrro 6olr,lrroii... rolcrufi... 6olr'ruoli, rax 6lr pas71l'nrrrrrr:rcs... Mrroro... H36urox... - ()'I'Ilc't'r,t,rtc ()'t'pax(arcil1neflcHofo ilO lI t lN t1 lur Irt ( l ).u r rl t' tc J u ,I{ o ftBe JIH qH IIbI;
0 6a.nnoe- 6olturoe rpocrpaHcTBo... Bce,c KeM BbI Apy)tHTe... [poHCxoAHT
qTO-TO BetIHKOe.
8. Snaane (apxu:rexrypHoe coop1lKelilze, nocrpouKa, 40u): 2 6anta - crpoeHl{e...AoM 6ollurux pa3MepoB...coopy)KeHIze B BI4Ae AOMa;
- KaK 6tr uuoroKBaprupHL,lfi 4on... ABopeq.'. xpaM... - ilocrpolzKa onpeAeJleHHoro rvrla; 0 6a-nros - craryfl,... f{pe)KAeHHe... Bepxylxna vlwr K}moJI AoMa...qacrb AoMa... Qacag, nepeAH.sq creHa AOMa. I6at.rr
). Kponazt (npegner me6etu, Ha Koropoh cnsn vtu orAlrxator): 2 6atna - nocrenb... rofixa... nox(e... ue6els, Ha Koropolz CNfT;
- s.alr'eit cn.nr...ne6elt... sar'eit nex€T H orAblxaloT; 0 6annos - clrarb... M-flrKo...- yna3aHntt Ha lrpoqecc cHa, a He IIa ilpeAMer, rla KOTOpOMCTUIT. I6atn
lO. Ctcpunarn (npxtat'b, cKpblBarb v3 B:z'Iy,pannarl): - xpalruTb cexper... npqrarb... He AaBarb Bo32 6atta Mo)I{HocrLt Ap}THM y3Harb o KaKoM-To co6r,t"lWl4.. AeJIATL,He3 aI{eT}IbI M' He/XOCTynHbIM /rlll-fi R3UqAa... yuaIrgKrtaTb o r{eM-To... 3acnorlHTb' "raL{tb...He ouaxopoHl4Tb... np.sTarb Ha BHAV... | 6ant
-
ilIaTf'; HcBHAI4cnpflTaIIHbIM... Crr,trt ceKperHLIM... qToIrbITaTbC-[ CnpqTaTb I'()lt()pu'I'b... IlCl MLIM... 't()... llC ll()llll()Jlu't'1,JII()/lflM )'':lII2Tb O TOM' qTO y B2C eCTb;
0 6arros - 3aneperb...yirt'u o1' BCex. ll. Xpau (s71alrrlc. I'/tc c()llcpltt:tto'r 5oroc,'IPKerIHe' Mecro, Bt{\tIIaK)lllee Iloq'felIHe, Clrtat'tlt'ottcrtHe): 2 6anta - IIepKoBb... Mecro, rAe noKnoH-trIorct Eonl" cBquIeHIIOe cBSTOe MecTo... ctsqrznLlI]]e"' Mecl'o cJIYX(eHI4fl Ha-vKe - xpaM HavKH"'
qA
sape?.,aro"oour.rr&
*frr oq6rqkuHqKorro | 6utn
=1'{,.
MecTo cJr).DKeHr4"rr r4cr(yccTBy - xpaM Hcr(yccrBa... cQepa BbrcoKrrx AlxoBHbrx rlerruocreri; - qro-To cBflrqeHHoe...qro-To cB.f,3aHr{oec qepKOBbIO... TOqHTACMOC
MCCTO;
0 6arl.lroe- qro-To cB.fl3aHHoec pewtruef'l.. fAe yqar cB.flrrIeHHHKoB... xaQegpa nponoBeAHHKa... Mecro ,^lw,3ausruit. 12. @a6puxa (npoirruru.rer{Hoe npeAnpusrr4e no o6pa6ome cbrpb.rrMarrrr.{HHbrM cnoco6ou) : 26anna - ilpeAnpH-rrr!{e rrerKoli npovrr,rilrneHHocrr4... 3aBOA...)qpexAeHue, rAe co3AaroTc.sMaTepHaJrbHbre rJeHHocTH; I6atna - Mecro, rAe Aenaor rKaHH...TaM BbrnycKaror npoAyKr{Hro... rrroAr4r atvrp a6ot ator ; Hfttlrbl A.ruIBCex...I4Ayr )"rpoM uapa6ory. 0 6arros 13. Cnoxofuntft (naxogSllwircs, s cocro-rrHzlr rroxoq, ypaBHoBerxeHuurl): 2 6aruta - 6esMrrexHuri... uapHstfr.... rnxui\ 6es uryna, HeB3BoJr HoBaHHbiltr...npoqBr-soABrrDKeHHrr... uluhca He 6ypuo, c/{ep)KaHHo...poeHrrfi B npoflBreHuu-. npolexatorqzfi s cnoxor1crBLrl,z'.rpomurZ, nupolro6ussrri... norcofiI lbl t2...cMI4pHbrrZ.. . or nLrqarotrlvtt1'cst B3aHMo4efi crnneu xaparcrepa...npnfl Trrbfitp,nxrna3a; - 6essa6orrrur1...orAbrxaoilIwh...npun"rHo yAoB| 6utn nerBopeHr{r,Ii... paccl a6lileutu'ttt...yAo6Hbrfl; 0 6a-Moe - 6ecqneururi... xologHuli... 6epexer cBoesAopoBbe...xopournlZ qenoBeK,rre Kpur{HT. 74. Pacxo4oaarb ("rparu"ft, ynorpe6rrfl'rb Ha vro-nu6o, norpe6nrrr): 2 6anna - H3rrIep)KrJrll'l'r,... nvcxal'F,R pacxoA...H3BoAZTb... llcpcllollHl'b... no)(Hplll'L, nOIIOilIaTb... npo){c.rfaTb...pacTor{aTb...pacTpaqHBaTb; * B3-srb BCe...HcrroJrb3oBarb... B3qrb Bce rlenu| 6uut KoM... noKoHqHTb c .{era-Hu6yl\h... TpaH}KupuTb... MoTaTb...npoca)KHBaTb...rrycKaTb Ha BeTep... - HC[Orb3OBa't'r,; 0 6arytos - 3aHrl'b ncc MC(-r'11 lrll cr(aMr,e...[oKyrrarb.
| 5. Czofrxoctr (rnepgocft', HenoKoJIe6:auoctt', yilopcrBo qeroBeKa,npoqHocrb, ycronr{HBocrb): HeroKoJre2 6';uma - csolicrso crolixoro... TBep,q,ocrb". 6unocm B cBonx y6exgeuzax... uecrn6aeMocrb... xelegulttZ xaparTep... MP(ecrBo Bo BpeM'l ucnt'tr alHnit.. HenperuIoHHocrb..' cr{JIa IOLt\atrcfl' npH BcTper{e xapaKTepa, npo.fiBJl.f, c rle6l aron pvflT:HbrMrkro6crofl TenbcrBaMH"' qegra r{eroBeKa...cnoco6nocrb coxpaBo.rIeBaJI cBolicrBa, He noA,4aBarbcqpa3pycBoH H.xrb IIICHHIOi
- TeprIeJII4Bocrb... Hacrolzql4tsocrb... BbIHocJIHHacro.srb Ha cBoeM"' Bocrb... cnoco6Hocrb BbIHecrH cnoco6rrocrb ilpuc)"TcrBue A;rr.a., qro-'ro, neo6szatel*ro ne6laronpl4qrlloe Aril4 Bpax
3na. (nurire BcflKI'IX cpaBIreIrHIl, rlpe16. Hecpaaaennwft nocxolHr,lfi): - He cpatstllzl'tltfi ltn c qeM... HenpeB3olzAeH26anta He 6ecno4o6nufi... utui... npeBocxoAuufi". rlueroulafi paBHbIX.'. trf{ule lrc6oro Ap}Toro"' HeAocqraeMsIri, ero HeBo3Mo)KHo npens<-lli'rn"' HH c qeM AplrHM Herb3fl Tarotl, xoroplui qTO-TO TIaCTO'nbCOflOCTaBATb"' I'I.nH CpaRIILITF, q'I'o xOpoIIICC, KO /lpyrol'o TaKOfO He cy3a Meq aTe;I utI sttl I *tutfi".. ugean u lec'rByer... B cBoeM eII'IHcrBeFIHbIIz Her... - ApyrHX TaKI'IX | 6'ant 6ecqerrrIoBTopL{Tb"' 3-fl HerE poAe... roropltfi eM}'/"' noAo6st'Ix ltari4e're llc trstlZ...r{HI'Ae I lcn()R'l'opnvull'il 0 6a-nnos - cN{y Heqefo [pornBonocraBl'rTb"' Henoxoxc{H"' IleuI,H, KOTOpEIeHe noAxoAflT'Apyr Apyry" cKa)KeM,tsbI He Moxere safnn KaKoMy-HI46ygr ue-
,frf
o-tl.rq
sope?urt'nal4eu.
rc*aqrdFo noBeK\''Ap\r'oro noA cr.arb...orJrar{arotquficl... KoropoMy He HafrTu rrapbr...ABe Rerr{H,coBepIxerrr{o ljefroxox(He...Hr4KToHe MO)KeT CAeJIaTb TOfO, qTO BbI MO)I(eTe... TaKOH, KOTOpOT\O'r{eJrr,-
sr no4o6parb napv. 17.neqepa (nycrora BTonrqe3eMJrHHnH ropHoM MaccuBe c BbrxoAoMHappr\ry,BbrpbrToeB 3eMJreWtu sr;gon5JIeHHoe ts cKaJre1u1'6leuze; cq/Dr€ruee Nvr )r
- tre ixcJlarurqnli t'oBOL)u1r,... ('lx)cRorrbrrr,rri... Frerro/IarnHstrri - r{}4 3a qro rrc }c.r}rnur... He4aroulufi ce6q s o6ugy., Meruaurlur-r...rrro_ xo lo/IAarotluhcx o6pador.xe; qenoReK... 0 6a-[roa - c\,'posbrr'r Jlcl.ri()Mr,rCJIesulrfi...olKa I Suur
3bIBac'l'crr/t('Jr1l't'r,.
& ,rr42rfu -il.
19. Satpottott
uu6ygr. 2O. IlpenrranoBarb
(ueurarr,, 6urr npen.arcrBrreM
v rll c 03 1aBarb npensrcreux) : - cJIIDKHTbilpe[.srcrBueM... He Ao[]icKarb qero2 6atta nv6y p'r'...nperp a;KAarb vlrvr 3aIepxuBarb... He AOnycKzTb npoxo)I{AeHHq... cToqTb Ha ny'fv... ilOMeXaMI4,npenoocTaHaBJIpIBaTb ABLDKeFIHe HAMVL..He AaBaTbAenaTb...3anpeulaTb vrlrv 3aTPYAHflTburo-lz6o; - nperparlla... nepeKpblBarb Aopory... BMeI[I4l6atl BaTbct{...IpeAo'l'tspauIaTb... 3aNleAJItTb...|IpoTUBHTbCq...OCTaHaBJIHBaTb,BMeIrIHrlATbCfl; noprnTb... tlpuquHflrr, yrqep6... pa3p),1llarb. 0 6a,uos 21. Peuost (novr.rHxa, yclparreHue FIeHCnpaBrIOcrI.l, nonpexgeHna): 2 6atna - o6noruelrze... pecraBpallue... npI4IleAeIIHe tstlcilpaBlloe CocroflHHe; - [oqLIHKa cryna... qro-To cJIoMaJIocb - H\]KHO | 6att nepeleJlKa... oT 4en}{a vnv ol'peMOHTI4pORaTb... pc I(()I Ic'r'plrl{ru'{tl v clo-uH61'Ab... ql'o-lo 6sl.rro
0 6a,r,rog -
l l ( ) l l l ) C ) l i i 't C l l ( ) l '1 l tC Il [) 1 l l ]JIC II( ) ...- [Ot{H H Ka Ka xr-llt -'t'<,rKOI I KI)CTHoti BCIt(l.li nepeno)Kl.1Tb... peMoHTI4poIrpHforoBHTb... Baf'E, MaUIHII\''.
'22. 3axauqunarb (:|llllcl)lllll'l'1,, ll|)11X()/lHTb K KoHIIV' n p C K p l t l l [ 1 l l 'l ') : - KOHqarb... fIoJIoiKHTb KoHeII qeMy-l'o... iloAOH2 6atta 'I'H K KOHII-V'AOBOAH'IL' AO KOrIIla"' TIOKOFIT{H'I'I)
oa6nq
s.tt?evzuttrY)e:.4el-, kaHqKrrt{o
*
1 6anl
c r{eM-To...npeKparrlaTb...ocTaHaBrrvtBaTb, He npo,4oDxarb AaJrbrrre...QuunruzpoBarb-. 3 Bepuarb co6ori; - KoHr{HTbpa6ory... KorAa cpoK HcreKaer...cBoAHTb Ha HeT;
0 6anroe - pa34erartcs c KeM-To...ofpaHaquBarr, qroTO...OfpaHHqvtsaTbBpeMfl...oTAeraTbcqoT qe_ ro-uu6ygl. 23. Ee4qtsne (6olturoe Hecr{acrbe,ru6elrsoe Anfl:aacerreHr-rrco6r,nue): 2 6uma - 6oltutoe Hecqacrbe...,rffrie.rtoecrpa,qaHue...KaracrpoQa... orpoMHa;r 6ela.,)DracHoe, TrDrerroe co6r,nae... Kp)mHa-traBaput... nponcrrrecrBze, BJrer(yqeesa co6oh rw1enn 14 pa3p),rrreHae... 3Jrocqacrze...Tfl)KeJrble, ue6latonpugrsue o6CTO'ITCIbCTBA; | 6ant - HenpuflTHocrb... AlpHbre HoBocrt4... HenpusrHbrrz crryqafi ... HeBe3eHHe...Tq)KeJroer4cnbrraHr4e...BCe norrrJro BKpHBb H BKOCb...Tpa'reilvs,, o6yclon"rreHHafl nprpogHorX cruxueli... HecqacrFrr,rrz ctryuaft... Hanacrb... npr4r{HHa HecqacTb.r{; 0 6arroe - r{To-To 3axBarbrBaloqee... xaoc... :roJutu3vrfl... qTo-To Heox(r4AaHHOe...rranpHMep, Bbr pa3_ rrepuHr4qarr4cb v sa6onenn. 2 4. Ilpoxatuaazt (genar, cKBo3Hoe orBepcrr4e qeM -To ocrpbrM, nporbrKarb, y 6uuars KoJrroulrzM opyetoreu) : 2 6anta - nporbrKarb... rrpoH3art... npo6vrBarb orBepcTHe ocTpr4eM... npoAbrp.rrBrHBaTb...Haca)KH_ BaTb rra ocTpl{e H rrAHrr3brBaTbHa HeIo, KaK pu (t:rx 1tr,ri-t1'oc.r.1trI rr I fi ... rI po6ogart... KoJrorL, IIACKBO3b... 3AKAJIbIBAT'b MCI{O]VI;
l6atn
- npr.tKoJrorr,6ylanxofi... Harolorb BOH3HTbCg
MCqOM
ocrpveM...
I4NV HO)I(OM.., HATKHVTb
r
KA-
^r^.€u...,^calK'r4B?'tb... [poTanKHr]a1'rr cKBo3b I{TO_TO, .t'lr (r.t,( tlpr4Kpennfl )_.r.() r( qCMV_TO;
0 6affios
^ &
>/t
* yAep)Kr4Barb Koro-'ro B onpeAeJIeHHoM noJloxleH]jr4-. noBpexAaTb... Mr{vTb... npoKaJIbIBaTb...Ha.IIeBaTb.
(nogpo6Hocrb, qacrHocrb, Ae'raJIb, r{acrb 25. Aerun MexaHH3Ma Ma[rHHbr, npu6opa): - qacrb rlenoro... qacrb xanoIZ-ro crplr(Tlpbl... 2 6uua w3pcnve, Ko'r'opoe o6pa6arsInaercfl. Ha craHKC; - qacrb craHKa...npocro qacrb...3aroroBKa; I6uvt O 6uutos - rpe6yercfl. Mfl. npeAMera... To, r{To cAena}{o... IpOH3BOACTBOqerO-TO. (peureHue cyAa no KaKoMy-rra6ygt gety, 25.Ilpwonop nocraHoBneHhe, pelxeHl4e, MHeHLIe c oqeHxoft qefo-Hn-
6ysr): peilreHHecyAa...pe2 6anna - Iopt4Azr{ecKoeperxeFrne... IXHTCJIbHOC
3AK'IIOqCHHC...
OKOHqATC'IbIIOC
OnpeAeneHlloe rrocTaHoBJIeHHe... HAI{.A3AHL43, KoropblMr{ conpoBepAHKl'... cJIoBa, cyAoM... Bo)Kna lol' Act)tcr s Hs; - HaKa3arb... ocyAnrb... TlopeMHtul r'eptrzH... | 6anl A[r{TenbrrocTb 3aKJIIOqe}lnfl ... KOJIAOBCTBO; orpe3oK BpeMeHH... cKa3arb qro-To... Tlopb0 6affros M4...BbrfoBop. o coBepneHHoM ourn6o.{27. Pact
s oPeeanr nto^n+r c r y .
oq4.rq *r
'fr,
kut{qrr,rFo 0 6arroe - pa3Apar(eHne...qro-To Hexopouee... cKalKeM, sac o6HxaroT H BbrnraqeTe...crop6r,, KaKrrpH rrorepe rrc6unoro cyilIecrBa...AocaAa...ilevalr, o6,vcnoBreHrlaqI4I{bIMH,r{eM q}tscrBo
| 6uvt
Bl{HbI, [pHqHHaMH.
28. O6ayuunam (uucleH Ho o6cyxgarb, B3Berrr :zr;arb, BHHKarbeo vro-ro): 2 6anna - o6c'roqrenbHo paccy)ryIarb... pa3Mbrrxn.rrrr, Ha,rIqeM-To...)mopHo pa3AyMbrBaTb HaA r{eMTO... OXBaTVTb
IIOrV[4eCKHM
29.,4optamnafi (orrrocxrqnlzcr r 4ouy, K ceMbe, npupyueHrrbrrl, He 4uxuii): 2 6utna - aro 3r{aqr.{T pyuHori, KaK KorrrKa...xlzsyxluri npH AoMe...rpr4HaAJrexanluir K AoMy...rrpHrotosreHFrrrri AoM a, He noK\'[Holi... celrefi rrnrrl, .{acruuri... qtleH ceMbn, cBori, 6ltnsxwh qeJroBCKi
- po4Hoir...rrc xnr(tn,rir...uecrssrfr.,.npHpyr l l l ' l ' 1 , . . . ) K tIlJ( r l l I( ) ( f, Il( ' l l( ) JIl,ilVCi\{ Oe B C enbC K OM
xo3rrHCt'Be.../loM()xollr irrtlr... /l()M()ce/'I...Tor, KTOOCTaeTC_s AOMa H npncMal'pHBac'r'3a IeTbMH;
0 6aJrrros - okl,'ntTlrpeHHtrii... ocer'Ilr,ui... rIHBHnH3oBaHur'rri... Rpoile xrrr]()'t'rr()l'()...KaK IlbrnneHoK... 06rrlexr rll rt'.
...FIex(Hoe\ {acTHe... npo.fl BneHHe MHJIOCepAI4fl conepexo{BaHue HecqacTblo Ap}Tof o; - sa5ora... MarepuHcKal HelKHocrL'.. rIoHHMa-
g:/lc... ZA6OTJIHBOCTb.,.OT3bIBqHBOCTb... CHI4CxoAI4TeIbHOCTb... )"TeIIraTb... coqyBCTBOBal'b qeJIoBeI(y... u\a4nTb..' OfOpqeHI',Ie: AplToMV q)tscrRo... BFII4MarrpIe lo6oBb... 0 6aryros - TeprlnMocrs... K KOMy-TO.
paCC\?KneHVeM
c pa3Hbrx cropoH... coo6paxarb B yMe...ruy6oKo Br{}rKFryrb Bo t{To-Hu6ygt... pacKr4AbrBarb yMoM... cepbe3Ho nyMarb u paspa6arbrBarb wraH... H3r{aTb... AyMaTb Ha,4 qeM-To... MbrcneHHo Bo3BparrlaTbcq K oAHoMy H ToMy )Ke... rrpoAyMbrBarr... o6lrosroBbrBarb; - 3a1aBa"rbcq BoilpocoM... cocpeAoror{r4Barbcrr... 1 6uvt HA r{eM-TO...pe[raTb 3aAaqy... 3aAep)KHBaTbCs. qeM-To... pa3AvMbfl o pa6orars HaA r{eM-To; 0 6aJt,rtos - coMHeBarbcfl, He perxarbc.s... rro1r4, Koropbre MHoro 6ecnoxosrc.f, ...B coMH eHkrn1npegrrpnI{I4MaTbqTO-TO,M\ {HTbCqrIeM-'IO.
I Sann
3O.)Itatoctt (cocrpagaHue, coq)tscrnvte upxofl 6ege) : ?Mrtarv,t..' 2 6anta - cocrpaAanve... co6oJIe3HoBaHI-{e...
JL
Perytmpona?b
()'ropflAot{HBarb,
BHoczTb
H3Becr-
Hlui nopn4oK, cucreMy, :aaJra)r
rfrl
on6r-o
sapegautn*.-tett
q'ro6u o'fJlnqarb or nu6ygt'...orMer{arl, r{T'o-T'o, Ha3brBaTb, onpeAeJrsTb cJroBaMr,r... noAplTlIx... r{epMeqaTb.,. OTr{CTJIHBbIMH OCHOBHbIC .II,eJIaTL' Tbr...cAeJraTb xopomo 3aMeTHr,IMI4, B({HbIMr4; - onr4cbrBarb... | 6atn Ha3Hat{arb...},'Ka3brBarb Ha MecroHaxoxAeHi.re qero -HH6yAb...pa3lrrq arb Me)KAy...BbronpeAerrrere rp)'nne n rc Eeh o6tena pa 6clrlr, Koropbre oHH AOJDKHbT BbI[orHpITb... 3a4aBarb rony- u ra6yl n p a6ory ; 0 6zt-,uos- ycraHaBtruBarb... paccraBrfl^tu... o6tscrrsrt... eu6r.rparu...ts3.rrrbH o6osHa.rr4TbKaKyro-HH6yAr neqr. 33. Ilaporyts (xoulluecxoe r4rrv ca"rvpvrrecKoe noApax<ar:l;.eKoMy-Hrr6yAb urrr velry-nu6y4b, HcKa)KeHweo6pa3lla, npeBpauarculeec-flB HacMerrrKy, u3AeBaTenbcrno): qro-To B KoivrH2 6uma - noApalKaHue,BbrcraBJurrouIee r{ecKoM BHAe... nvTepaTypHas KoMilo3wr\kLfl c HpoHI4r{ecKHM
HCKDKeHneM... BbTCMeHBaIO-
ulee noApaKaHue... nepeApa3HKBaHr4e, KoTopoe BbrcraBJrserHa nocMerrrr4rrle...sa6aslr.as. nepeAeJrKacepbe3Horo npor€BeAeHr{rr...nepenprr]oBKa coqrzHeHHfl, npeICTaB.[eHr4e ljaH3HaHKy... KapHKarypa...Il]apnc.. ?rcKa)KeHHe
L 6utn
O 6uvoe
HCTHHHOfO CMbrCJraVerO-HA6,VAL,,HanpHMep napo ilLr.fl.r{a fl paBocyAHe... 3To qTo-TO HacToJrbKo uenoxo)Ke Ha'r'o, qeM orro AoJDrulo 6r,rtb, .{:to npeAcTaBJrfierc.fl FracMemKott, K prrKa'rypon; - u)rrKa I4JIH po3blrpbllr... noAIIr) {pIBaHue HaL qeM-To Bo3BbrruerrHbrM...npHTBopcTBo... tlpeBpaularb v sa6asy' 6oporlca rrporIzB r{efo-To nyl'eM BbrcMeHBaHHfl; - Aoc'rnx(eHue npenMyrqecrBa Her{ecrHbrM nyTeM - rr\,"r'cM/trrcr(pc/tr4Tar\v11...HecnpaBeAJ I l l l t ( X " l ' b ... L l' l' ( ) - ' l' ( ) , CIltl:| 1 ll Il I( ) C ( ' IIa paA OM.
34. Haunuam (npucrrTrrr.rrb K verrv-Hrn6yAb B rrepBlro oqepegb, nposBJrsrb rrepBbrenpH3HaKHxaxoro-nu6ygr, cocrorHaff, 6urr, nepBbrMB pflAy vero-rla6yAr,): 2 6anna - [pr4cr]-rrarb...crapt'on1l'l'r,... npac'ry;rrarbK Aen y... IIpI llil|\ t : t ' t ' t , ( 1. . . t 11) ; ; ' 1' 1, 9t t C . . .A e J I a T b n O -
qv H... noJlo )r
flMT1,...HCfIOJIb3OBAHXC
KAKOIO-HH-
-lD-,^ T. S
o-,'qrcf
db
s^Pe&.,nto"oo"*o-r3F kuHgKuHo
aBTopa 6es paspeureHl4.x 6v4s nporasBeAeHHfl wtrut6ez ccbIJIKHI{a Hefo...He3aKoHHoeony6noA npoH3BeneHl{fl JIHKOBaHI4e qlDKofo q}DKofo MycBoI4M HMeHeM... 3ar{McTBOBaHne H o6lsereulle [pol43Bel\eHlzfl' 3blKatlbHolo pa6orlt 3a cBolo ero cBoI'IM... BbIAar{a'ryrrofi anropona ce6.a o6'r,luleHl4e co6ctseHHyto... r{}"KI4x q)"IC4X COr{I4HeHI4t4... npHcBoeHue
| 6atn
ugefr.wnv xyAoxecrBeHHblx npou:ne4eHuIZ; - )'Kpacrb coqHI{eHI4e, ilpvIuarytex€ulee KoMy-
TO AplTOMy... HCnOJIb3OBzHI.deqbef o-To Irr4Te parypHoro Tp,vAa...cIIHCaTb qTo-TO' Ha qTo PKe ecTb aBTopcKoe npaBo... HcnoJIb3oBaHHe wgeft p,p1tof o qeroBeK a...r.palna HnIl Konapo BaHHe ilpoH3BerileHl'Lfl; 0 6a-[ros - tlrarb... r{To-To cB.g3aHHoe c n;ranaraMla... )r(pacTb.
olpaFIHqH- KpoMKa... fpaHuqa qero-ln6o"' qTo -TO"' o6nog'au1ax ilrrrrvfl , TetIElrafl Iru:.l,Lls'..' qero-lo; o6oAon... Hap\')KHbIe cropoHbl qero-To"' I'ICnoJIbl{3NIepeHple paccrorHl.{e..' 0 6a,tlos qTO-TO no Kpyfnoe"' reoMeTpLlv... B 3yeTc.fl IIOBepxqTo-TO KpoMKe..' AoHcTopr{qecKoe"' HOCTbnpeAMeTa. | 6utn
ilpon3Ho40. TnpaAa (npocrpauHoe IlbICKa3ErItsaH?Ie, cr.rMoeB npHnoAHgroM'lOHe): 2 6atna - l\nvrr:p.at{ 3MoIIt{oHaJIbHaff peqb"' HZrIbIIrI'eHrtafl v MIlOlocJIoBHa,I peqb"' BbICOKOnapHa'[ cJIoB"' npa'rrnli Qp asa... He)'/leplru4 Mltii nolox v cvnl|t{-I'tit MOIIOToT B ApaMe; - peqE... [peAno)I(eHne... Qpaza"' I{3peqeHue"' | 6anl noToK CJIOB..'rHelltlat{ per{b"' tIHTa'Ia"' BbIAepxGa rr3 per{H; spocrb... coc-vA. 0 6arulon
38. Snonequfr (npe4nerqarorqnfr 3no, crqDxallg.vk nyp' FrbrMnpeA3HaMeHoBaHNeu, upauuuli): - ilpeApeKatouluft 3JIo, Hecr{acrle, 6egy'. -flBrltlo2 6uma
n\ttitcs /TlpHbIM npeA3HaMeIfoBaHHeM... HTnlaC' mwir :eewuuyeuotl gposotl... )Tpo)KaloilIlrn... BEr3brBarouluft,lypuoe nperxqyBcrBl{e, oulyr{To-To uleltHe, qTO BO'I'-RO]' IIOJI)KHO CJTVTII4'l'bc.g
ruroxoe... ),?Kacatoululi.. upauHufr ; oracnr'ILi... npeAocTeperarcuIpttl... ilvraIou1nfi ...crpaurHrtfi ...rpe.4)rrpelq1arcrluii o pacKe... TaprHcTgeunrrtl c MpaqHbIM olI'eFIKoM... He4o6purfi . l utoxori. slotil 0 6alron - crpaHnr'Ui... rennltfi... cepbe3Hblt1...'{ro-ro Her43Becrl.Ioe... Heo6lI.IHtrii... HCfIVIZHHIilZ... oc loDoxt tt,l i i .
I 6ann
"lllll9POBKA" cJIeA}'Ioqhh 6 nalur' tr{cn srryeuo MynpeAnaraerc-fi Krno.r
I
,2 39. Ilepatterp
(cyuua AJII,IH uccx c'r( )p( )l I I'c() Ntc't'pllqe-
crofi Qzrypu): 2 6atna
- nporflxeHHocrb eHerrrHei{ rpaHHIIbI Qt t'ypbl... Bce oqeprarru.f, QtHtt'pt't... BHetrlH-aflrpaHr{r\a npe/tMert... ofirrl:ur IrporffKeHrIocrb B HeI x I r 1 4 x(" t' ()l )()tt ,t(' t(l -J tttfx r; Lr N 't
trv
f t ')
t
2
I
I
J
4
3 I
=
7 24 8
I
I
7
5
o
U
o
'2 5I 2 I 3
I
4 2
B
9
X
f
5 2 3 I 4 6 2
9 2B
I
7 9 4 6 8
59 7
t
B5 2 94 8 6 ) 7 9B6
B ra1nvrye oKrro.r> xaxAorZ qnQpe coorBercrByer onpe.4eJreHurrft gnax. I4cnuryeuuf.t pa6oraer c IIHI(HHwwta6ttwtlaMu: oH AorDKeHB[r{carb 3rraK,Koropnrli coorBercrBver xaxAoli rIHQpe,yK/IaAbIBaacss 90 c. Br,IAeleHHe HbreKJTeTKH 3afronFrrloTc.sKaKTpeHhpoBor{Hbre,BpeM-rr perHcTpHpyeTcrr. Ecnl.rxnerxa 3anorrHeHanpaBzrrbHo, Hcrrbr'ryelrufi nonf{acr | 6um. Heo6xoAnno Bbrqecrbnon6atma,ecrz Hanr4qo r{3MeHer{He 3HaKa.
-- :,,1"....::
g /zx
(."I V-." 1r
A.t)\I
pxclr{Ka. llotr.orqr co cropoHbr aKcnepuMeHTaropa Bo3Mo)r(Harr,rub npn pa6ore c repBbrM H BTopbrMpHcyHKawu.AnorgarecrnpycMslir uoxeL'npocro noKa3arbI{a cooTBeTcTByIoqy0qaCTb.HaBbInonHeHHeKD{tAo|o}-Nffi
20cen.3anrc6ohnpats?rrrbHbrrl ,#?rt?o"tBorr4"tcfl o'rser
w
n_, l\ l\) \i /
..nn r
FA-r/ \ \ +_:-.,$
Y'
AETAnlt, "HEAOCTAIO|4I|E I4cnr,rryensr ft :era,rr4uaelpa6ory HaATecroM c rrepBoro
\\
iI
\=---*-
t
_L__\..__)
Y
,A ('t) \,
//
\7
13
/A \
-
l0
rz
^ o./ 1'4 ' ;\^ru
tx_hHt
f'5w'| 6 '1
t-.
@
g
/1 ,t l/
tr".a V
ft
8
ftr
saeegannttoo"+4
o-t6ro ruHsKd,"o 20
,,-@
$l
21
3adaaue2. *Cnpotira,t KAPTIIHK}I, -NOCNEAOBATEAbHbIE Kaprulrnn na6opon, Koropble npeA'bflBJlslorc.fi
HcIIbITyeMbIM,paCIIOnOX(eHbITIeIIpZBHIbHO:OHH nepeMeIIIaHbI' n oJIf{ HJIacl) tr4x rtlxso pacnono)KuTb rlo flopqAlry,'{ro6lt Ire Mox(er BbIrIOrBepr{as l,z.c'ropvfl,. Eclu ucnltryeusllZ HHTb 3aAaHus I ttttu 2, eoelv{oxHa noNloulb Co CTOpoHII 3KcnepHMel{Taropa. Ecnv u nocJle nolICKa3oK I'ecrllpyelrrrii He Moll(er cIrpaIlHTL'cs c 3a4arrt{gMn, I4cflbrtarrvtr HIDKHOOCTaHORHI'L'
Oqenxrr no cy6recry 3 a tau u s 1- 2 :
yxafl npa c6eqoz) 3adanue3, aPomaanattecKu(i
- 15an:n c rePBoIZ nonbITK?I; - 2 6utna 3a pe[IeHHe co BTopofi [onbITKH. 3agaawn 3-B - 4 6anna sa npaBunbHoe pacnonox(eHHe 3a ycTaHoRneltt It'tri
)-o
J
Sadanue f " tlloxod 6 zoPbttt
a
^
?*B m UU f il
soPesaar""on"k4r*
h4 /\
3adaaue4, rfcnpoticneonapa6ony,t
@
A
3adaaue6. r&orcwancnapKa,,
Or-l
3adanue5. t06edenntti nepeperc,t
ft
-?-i-l
A
u w B q
oqAro kuHqKdt-ro
zoda,t 3a)anae 7. <,9pemena
9UTYP, "CKNAAbIBAHI,IE recrzpoBaHufl,
npegaraercl uso6paxeHue $uryfun pbr, pa3pe3aHrroe Ha r{erbrpe qacrr4.?Iz grwx uacrefi HyxHO CJIO)KIITb rlenoe.
sonPou) 3a)anue8, pKeapnupattti
BpeueHHoii orpe:ox orpaHr4qeH.Ecnu 3aAaHr4eBbrnonH.sercr 6r,rcrpee ilono)KeFrHofo,Har{Hcn-fl rorc.s Aono.ttHHTeJrbFIbre 6umg. 3agauttn rpeA'bsBnqrorc.rrB cneAyoqeM nopflAne: <.Ho..Co6axa'r. 3agauue ..3asq" seo6xora'>,<.3 a-flI1'>,<..{epeno'>, B Ter{eHLreI2O c. ocraJrbHbre- B TeqeAHMo BbrrroJrHHTL, uze 180 c. llpu oqeuxe yr{t4TbrBarorcs Bce npaBturbHbrecoeAzrreHH.rr, Koropue 6suu nonf{eHbr B TeqeHHeycraHoBJreHHofo orpe3Ka BpeMeHH.llpzueu Bo3Mo)rHbrne6ollurue orKJroHeHr.r.rr. [axe ecnu coeAl{rrqro'rcrr/IBe qac'r'Horlenbrro or Quryprr, Aaerctr I 5a.lr"rr, a ecJrr4olrr4 rrpaBrr.rrbHo BCTaBJreHbrBQHrypy-36anta. Oqenrca ga roqHoe BbrnoJrHeHprege4?rrvtnl <.Hora'>- 5; <3asry,,- 9; <.!epero'>- 7: oCo6aKa'>B 6affioe.
o o
o
oa6rq ftr
soPe?rJn'""oou+*
rasqrc".tso
7.2. KO9P9l,lqllEHTI'IHTEAEKTA(Kll) B xa;x4olr u: B npaue,4eHHbrxrecroB coAepxorrcs ilo 4O satra.a;xaxAr,lri Tecr rrpeAcraBrqer co6ofi eAr4Hoe IIeJIOe H MO)KeT HCIOJIb3OBaTbC.[ H OrIeHHBaTbCfl
He3aBU-
cHMo or ocra-nnnnx 7. Kaxguli Tecr coclour r43 HecKoJrbKHxcepwk 3alJaq pa3rr4rrHol'o rnna, npur{eM BHaqaJIe3a[aqv. uan6otee rerKue, a B Kor{ue - loau6or'ee rpyAr{bre, xorfl He cneAyer cqHTaTb,qTo VllotserrbcnolKHocTHBo3pacTaeTpaBrroMepuo. Kax4ufi recl Ao,.DKerrxpoHoMerpupoBarbc.s )r<eraTeJIbTIO A I{e TeM, KOTOpbIIzpeuaeT Ap)rfHM qeJIOReKOM, TecT,Ipr.tr{eM KDKAr,ru'l'ec]'o|pll}r Hqerr TpuIuaTpIMHH}THbrM npeAe,rou. floaroMv r{epe3 30 rnruHnocre :uasana perxeHns nepnofi sap.aqwpa6ora c recroM Aorxna 6r,nr npeKparrleHa. OqeHxa, pa3\'Meercs,[pcAcTaRnser co6ofi qncno rlpaBIIJIL'HbIX OTBeT()ll, /laIIIlblx
3a 3TO BpeMq.
Orserrr rrpnBeAeHbrB KoHue nog6optcl,trecroB BMecre c pa3bflcrrerrrttrMt4Tofo, iloqeMv HMeHHo3ToT orBer rlpasr4mFrrrfi.
saPeQanrne4{ee-.
a-t6ro Otlesxa 3a recr B oqKax Ao,'l;KI]a 3areM ucflollb3oBarbH3 pa3AeJIa ra6lnll cn Mtr roJrvr{eHllfl Ktr4 c nououllo
ollpeo6paaoBaHueoqxoB e K[4'' C ocralsntwru 7 TecraMvI cneAyer pa6cxau' Tor{Ho TaK )Ke. B o'rAelnnr'Ix oIIeHoK KI4 lroxrro ycpeAHarb 41tq onperXeneHus.6onee ro'{Hol1 oIIeHKr{, r{eM Ta, KoropyK) Mo)rcerlart 1 recr.
t
ll
lle,recoofipaTao1ettamt trc 6ozee1 mzcma& 1ern.
J\
Apgotl BapvaHl I4cnoJIb3oBaHH.nrecroB Ha orpeAenenue KI4 - TecrlrpoBart 8 pasr'wrlHblx lrcgefi vnr4 narb rlo 2recra 4 nolzlr'krT. r,. <.KaxAsIIi recr coAepxszr' 40 sala'a. l/ncnpyt4an, Toro, '{ro6H orBeV nac ecrt ofpaHzqeHHoe BpeM.n,4JI-n 'rr4Tb Ha Bce Borrpocbl, rIo3ToMy pa6orahTe KaK Mox(Ho cJII{IrrKoM AoJIro Hail\ r'a6slcrpee. He sacl{xzsallrecl BbI nu6paln HeBepBo3Mo)KHo, nun-Hu6yAb BonpocoM, Huri n1"ru pe[IeHH.a, a cneAylo[ly]o 3aAaq/ BbI cAeJlaere n) {ile. C gpyroli
cropoHbl, He ctrsBawTecb cJIHITIKoM JIerKo' 3aAaq Mox(Ho pemurb, HMe,a HeMHofo 6orr'mnncrBo tIHIrrb ua ceori sgpanufi cMblcn, llonarahrecb Tepiler{Hfl. .rro6br penLITb, Kor/Ia orKil:l1t'I'bctl or llepemeHolfr 3al\a!I'l'() u qeJIoM cJIOXHocrb 3aAaq Bo3'rv,. tr4 noMIIH't'c, pacraer K r{olII\y l'ecra. Ilp6ofi r{eroBeK cnoco6en npaBr4.nbHopeIIIH'rb HeKoropoe qucro 3a1attuit, IIo HHKTo ue cnocoSeII npaBI4JIbI{o peul}rlb BCe 3aAaqn B orBeAeHHOe RpeMfl. Barrr o.rne:r B Kart
Ir3
u C ( ' r i ( ) J l l , l i l l\
npH/ { Y M t ' I B a T ' b
| ll) ( ' ilil( ) 7 li( ' l Illlr lx
l l p a l } L lJlb llb lil
( ) ' lll( ' 1 .
llilp HaH ToB
Iltttlttt' tt'
(-l tt)}i
I4nrl O'I'B eT
B yKa3aHIroM Mecre. EcJru eL,rHe Mo)Kere orBe'rnTb Ha Bo[poc, He cl'pofiTe AO|aAOK,OAHaKO,eCnH y Bac ecf'b uAe-s,Ho BbI He )tsepeHbl noJrHocrbro, qro DT()Aet)icrsz'reJlbHo fipaRl4llrruir orBer, BCepaBI{o \-t(axrl'l'c ('c'.
^ &
x.
ruHgKclFd
B recrax rrer <xuTpbrx'>BorrpocoB,Ho tsaMBCerrXa npuAercrr paccMarpr4BarbNrHo)KecrBony"reri [oAxoAa K peureFrulo 3a\avu. V6egnrecr, r{To sbr nor{t.IMaere, qro or nac rpe5yercr, rrpe)KAeqel{ npHcT}'rrarb K perxeHnK) 3aqa.{H.Brr 3pfl norparnTe BpeM.rr, ecJrncpa3\'nepei.r4erercperrreHr4ro,He nonpo6oBaB Bbr-flcHH1'F,, B qeM 3aKtrroqaerc.fl 3A IA \4.
3anau cyqecrBlror aJrbrepFraraBHbre Lns uexoropbrx orBerbr, Koropbre AeAc'rRHTenbHo vAoBnerBoprroT BCeM rpe6onaHr.rtrM, Ha Koropbre cll^rafiso Mo)r(er HaroJrKHwbc.fl r{HTarenb. B aTon cr\^{ae quTarenb Mo)Ker cr{Ilrarr ceofi orRer rrpaBHrTbrrbrM>.
r{Hcno6yxa n nponyllpumevanue.'Io.{xrr\.Ka3brBax)'l' uIenHoM cJrotse. Tax, Hanpunep, (....) iloKa3brBaer, qro nporvuleHHoe cnoBo cocror4'r'ns 4 6yxs.
1, Bcrasr,r'efipoflyrUcH]roequcro. 2,5,8,1 l, _ 2. llo4uepxHuTe Jrr4rrrHee. AOM, ylf lry, 6)TtfA]'Io, KOHT'OPA,XHNfl4HA 3. Hahwne fipoII\'IIIeHHbre 7, to,g, 12, l 1 4. llolvepxHHTe
qHC./ra
Jrrrl rrrrcer.
cEIrEAriA, Kn], Ari)'JrA,DAPPAKyA\, TPECITA 5. flo4uepnrruTe cJroBo,Koropoe He ;rtsrqercx ,nraprcofi aero&ro6Hrlfl. f OIIAB, }TII I{ LIXi, I{ 14I ] (] ]\,IO K, AH PYI C, KAI,IAq 6. Bc'r'errr;r'c cJroeo,npoil)arleHHoe B cxo6rax. ()6,'ll'l K ( lrHtr) 3PEJ'II4I!E fJrlylllL (....)OTtsEPCTI'iE
lfiF ..aro ka'osrroFo
saPeauarns4{e'
7. Bcraebre cJroRo,Koropoe Sanau.lnragr nepBoe croBTopoe: BO14Haqr{Hae'r' cT (...)bEP
x.
9. Kaxas v s 6 npouyuepoBa HHbrx Quryp noAXoAr4TAr_fi cno6oguoro Mecra B KBa/Ipare? (Hanwnure ee HoMep B KtsaApaTe..)
8. Kaxaq ua 6 npoHyMepoBaHHbIXOl4ryp roAxoAHT AJUI cso6oAHoro Mecra B KBaApare? (Hanwnvtre ee HoMep n nnagpare.)
+
B
+8 \,1
& ZI 2
I
A -
1t _,rr42fu
\l-l
/\
4
\Z ry 5
oaaro ftf
..u.qeourt"'".o.(eK&
rurrqrotso
10. Bcrasme nponyqeHHoe r{plcro
14. Bcrasr,TecroBo, KOTOpOMy MOr!'T [peArrrec',r'RoBaTr) 6vxebrcneBa. K
OK
15. nog6epr4TecJroBae cKo6rax. A + (3rrax): (r.rerxne coKparqeFruxuumq) 1 1. lIo4vepKHHTerrurrrHee.
16. Bcrasbre rpoil)ulerrHoe qrzcro. 257 475
ann
3( ; 17. llogvepKr{ril'e cJro}lo n rrlr)Krrer"rc-Tpoxe, Koropoe noAxo/IHT Ko BceM cJr()lr1rM n rcpxlrcir c'r'poxc: H K, t'()HK{ AA.IA, AATaI BOII{4, BOAa)naJIKA,fYtnr\a, CTpaX' MaKaKa
r 23
A,A
18. KaKarr r'ts 6 npor4,MepoRaHrrurx Qlrrvp [o/lxo/IHT ee HoMep 14x cno6ogHoro Mecra R KBa/{pare? (Hanwlure n xnagpare.)
1 2. IJc'r':tu r;r'c rrp( )rI,vIIleHHbIeqvcna.
A
E F;-l F;l['l n
!:/
EEEEI 13. Bcrasr,r'enp( )rrvrr(('rI r |\'r() fiVrrur, A)KKH C
EV 6 \l'
. [| ,1,
l
,l I
V
,
\/
6q T
6r;rpe?ttt.|"teaqe+4
0{6ro kaHrrKokro
*F
)A
,
\/
V
flogvepxH
,
I4TC JI}IIIIHCC.
n
rrn t,
l9
LL
i
W
N
tr t^
\-/ u
A
1
.t
\y
il<€
19. Bcrasbre ctloBo, Koropoe 3axaHr{HBaernepBoe cJroBo14Hasvluaer tsTopoe.(K.rrrou:c-val6a.)
#
3A (...)Or
20. lIogvepKIIHTe roro, KTo He tBJlflelc.a H3tsecrHblM fIoSTOM. K6 O'I, I,IKIIIHVTI, HEI{CHE, BYHO/I AA, BOCKAPH E 2 1, Bcrasme nporllrllerlHoe
r{HcJIo.
25. fIo4vepKHHTe, rcro a3 rrux He flBrfl,ercfl, H3BecrHbrM KOMnO3HTOpOtr.
E/rOTOn UOMTAB}CTPAIU,PEBr4n, 26. tscraebre npoilytrleHHy'to 6,lxny.
,it
M
x(
OTK 3M 27. Kat
N 19
22.3axou'tuTecJlotsoe crcoCrrc:tx. ox (CTPEIIOK)PT HA (T..rI..f)EP 23. Bclasbre crroBo, Koropoe o3ll2lr{'.ler ro x(e caMoe, rrro Ir 2 cnosa eHe cxo6ox. AEPEBO (....)nolVlllJ I liA
' I SF
N COOTBCTCTBVCT
n
YsY
coorBe'rc'rRver:
\-\r
*![l
o-tanq
sopegrjla'""oou<4 kar+qrrlFo
Zg.Bcrasbre cJIoBo,nponFrleHHoe B cKo6Kax: KOHOETKA (TEHT) EOPTHI4K KOHCvn (....)HAfEnb 30. BcrasbTe cJIoBo, Koropoe 3aKaHql{Baer nepBoe cJroBo H HaquHaer BTopoe. (Kltov: TpexMepHafi reoMerpr4qecKarlSvryPa.)
o (,..)f
N
3L Kat
5
28. Karas. us 5 npouyMepoBaHHslx Qnryp rIoAxoAI4T gr-fl cso6oAHoro Mecra? (Hanunture ee uouep') rl\A oo
t
[email protected] ./l
,,,,,,,,t.-
*T.oo'u."crByer ffiffi) Y /n\ rr(Hryl ^m. m.
V
,dHtfiin
|
t+n+y rryV \
""*
=
l-Xrl
Y
-lh\
ffi
E l**ll*fl
.nnrBetct'ByeT:
r.{,'
@ t
X
AI
V+
sope?r*trD"oo"+A*
oq6no *
kcruqKcrtso
32. K:arasns 6 nporrynepoeaHuui Qnryp noAxoAHT rrycroro xnagpara7 .qJLq
r
, v, ,
JIX f t4 + .
"j
X
l{ A ,T.. I "/\
I
o" /\
tl
t.'q,
-1
795rr
415127 13 B
\-7 X \-1
(l
nAPI4x(, HbTO-fiOPK, FOHH, OTTABA. 35. Bcrasbre nponyqeHrloe qnc.no.
AAA
5. I 3
F
l\
I \o
M
t0
35. Bcrasale nponFqeHHble 51xst t.
"^{" 2
(l
11
34. IIo4vepKHHTe, naxotl It3 sTHx ropoAoB nmutrtuil KAHEEPPA, BAIIIHHfTOH, JIOFIAOH,
i-'-l f-{ n
o/
t\
A
r\
33, Bcranlre nponyqeHHoe r{Hcno.
lu\o
(r
Fl ["-l
[I[l[][q tE
37. Bcrasbre ctloBo n cxo6rax, Koropoe 3aKaHquBaer BTopoe' (Kllov: Nrecro HecerrepBoe cJIoBo H :rra'vr4:eraer Hur cnpr6r,l.) ABAH (....)Hl.1I{ 38. Bcrasbre lponyqerlHoe qHcJIo.
8 10 14 rB--34
5A65
39. BcraebTe crle4y'Iorllro 6yrny B pflA.v. ENEE6)I(EI,I6M6qvcro' 40. Bcraeble nponFqerlHoe
27'2477
ol6ro karrsrrurro
*
3. llog.ieprHl4Te JIHIITHee. "IIEB,.III{CA, )KHPA(0,CEJIEAKA,COEAKA 4. Bcrasbre 2 nponylueHHblx v;z.clra.
6918214245
1. Bcranu'e nporyruIeHHoe qucno. 8 L2 1620 _
5. llogueprHl,ITe
2.Raxas,ns 6 npou,vrvrepoBaHHbrx rpynn noAxoAHTArs rrvcroro Mecra B KBaApare?(Hanwnure ee HoMep B KBaApare.)
ooo ooo oc o oo oo oo o o o
oo oo
oo oo
ooo
o
1
'2
3
oo oo oo I
ooo ooo
ooo
JII'IIrIHee.
IONI4TEi ANO/IIIOH, MAPC, HENTYH, MEPKYPI'Ifi 6. flogvepxuvre,Ka
cTonKA (....)I.O6KA
oo
B. BcraebTe c/IoBo, Koropoe 3aKanqlzBaernepBoe cnoBOr.rHar{r4HaerBTopoe. (Klrcv: nanurox.) f (...)6 9, Raxas H3 rpoFryMepoBaHHblx Qnry'p no,4xoAHTA.ruI r4,'cToro xuagpara?
s
o o
oo
o o
I
<)> Efr
I
.frl
0{6ro
slpeganrne^^ek4
raxqrcrrHo 13. Bcraebre npoilyqeHHoe
O
I 2
I
z-->C^ r I
0
/\ \-/
0
(3D
r--
\TT \_--z
5
4
6
10. Bcransre nponpleHH''ro 61xny. A|}KJIC-
qHc-IIo.
r-f[fEE E EET
14. Bcrasbre cnoBo e cro6rax, K KoropoMy Mo)KHo rin6ue ns 6yre cJIeBa. TrpvrcfaBvITr'
K M C _rIf B
11.Bcrasbre nporrprleHHoe qrlcno.
IIIK EOP 15. BcrasbTe cJIoBo,nporrlrrleHHoe B cKooKax. ABTO (....)KPAH
r2.llogvepxHNle
Jrr{uHee.
15. KaKaq us 5 nporryMepoBaHl{blx Quryp noAxoAHT A.rrflnycToro naa4para?
F
n rt-
fi | | ttlt)
A
L_l v--> ')
|
-
3-4
\4
() \*/-
a-t
\----->( '--'{ l<
YL[ 4\
M -
lL6j l
AF
|l -l*J H
1r-
)--4
'l:Nk
i\
Le
w \A
T
()
Ll,^. -v_/
E[
.$
sopega}{tDe^4ekq
oq6rq xuHqrdHo
fr 6n f-'{
123
E5z-{[r
'K
/\
r_J_.-
tl L*J-^
2
t ar
ir tt
L*J^
V
3
45
\---*
a-
t)
\-l-5
23. Bcraswe cJIoBo,orc)"rcrB,'Ioqee B cKooKax' 14 (6EfA) 62 12 (....)18.
tl
4
6
24. BcraebTe cJIoBo, Koropoe o3Haqaer ro x(e caMoe' rrro It 2 clor;a sHe cxo6ox. PbICAK (....)CHAPflA
17.BcraebrenporrpleHHoe qzcJro. 7 169 52176 94 18. lIoguepKHHTe Jrr4lrr{ee.
UHKJIOn, Ty
at-1.p- $Neb E-%
\\=-,^.^........=,,=/
{F
r-l ll ---[_
2 2 .llo4uepxuure tIHlIrHee.
2 5. 3axos.ruTe cJleA!'Ioqee. CBA3HIIEFIN 27rc64539 BI,I3A 8792 NVTCA6B54 /IEC _ 25. Bcrasb'te rpon)'rrleHHylo 6yxny' MNKC14Y_
BTODOC,
AE (...)BA 20. flogvepKHr4Te ocTpoBoM.
Ha3BaHve, Koropoe
EAyK,OEtiOpEB. trr44&flHr4p,nr4KpA 2 l. Bcraebre nponvrUCr rrloc q l t('lr().
He rBJrrerc_fl
27. K:tK:tuue 5 nporryuepoBaHHblx Qtaryp 3aBeplraer BepxH()() t"t'p
/--\
o
/ NSI ) coornercl'Bver __ .<S \ NN / K\\ \--/
cooTBeTCTByeT:
4
KaK
on&rq *
ru}{qK(rHo
30. Bcrasme cJIoBo, Koropoe 3aKarlquBaer nepBoe cJroBo vl tral{vtH.aet BTopoe. 28. Bcranme cJroBo,ilporr)arleHHoe B cxo6rax.
fin 6evr; o4
v (...)oA
31. Kaxan ns 5 nponyMepoBaHlrux Quryp no,4xoAHT A.rlflnycToro rnrecra?(I{anrrrl]u're HoMep n xnagpare.)
EH (....)MJr
29. Kaxas na 5 nporryMepoBaHHbrx Qaryp roltxoAt4r' rrlrs nycrofo KBaApara?(Hanumwre HoMep n xnagpare.)
t
n
il
t il il fi fitr l
X
\\
*,
H\ \ M t 32. Bcr' ast'TenpoqarleHHoe ql4ctlo.
Br 75 12 10
16 11
9
3 3. noA.repKHI4Te .rII4lIrHee.
IEIAHTI,IqHOCTb, yXOA, rPU6, NAPOXON -a
f-:.-tIr _l
.$
oq6rq
sl;rpea(/Hr'2e^4ekq
ru'srrillao J4. Bcrasme npon)arleHHoeqncro.
1.BcraebrenponFrleHHoeqlzcro. 25201510_ 2. floguepxHl,ITe JIHIITHee.
KO/IECHHUA, ABTOMOEI4-IIb, ABTOEYC, BA|OH, CAHH 3. Bcrasbre nponlrrleHHoe r{HcJIo.
37 1535 _ 4. llo4veprHuTe
JII4IIrHee.
MYPABEtrI,NAYK, IIIIEIIA, MOIIb, MOIIIKA 5. Karas us 5 nporryMepoBaHHblx QNryp noAxoAHT Arq nycroro uecra? (Hanrlruure I{oMep tsKBaApare.) 36. lIo4uepKHHTe cJroBo,Koropoe 3aKaHqr4BaernpeAJIO)KCHHC.
<.Arnerr.rr orHocr4Tc.fiK rrHrrle, KaK cnalocrpacrAe e/Ie, ceKcy,czle, o6xopcrBy, ilbqHcrBy>.
K:
37.Rct'asme n cxo6xn cJtouo,Ko,t'opoeo3Haqaerro )Ke glre cxo6ox. caMoe.e'r'()lJ /l,r]lcJr()Ba I{ETA (....)ABO'IKA 38. floguepKHuTe cJroBo,Koropoe 3anar.vr4BaernpeAnoll(eHHe.
<.1-Ialnuncecr orHocnTcs K rra;rr4HApoMyraK )r(e, KaK CTvpAHvIeK:[OBTOpeHHm,nepeRopar{HBaHuro,OTCT}mJreHr4ro,coKparqerrHo,vMCilt,t rrc t u il( ). rrcpcnpo/Ia)I(e,>. 39. Bcrasb"te nponyqeHH\,-r,o6yrcsy.
6I _ n u I
40. Bcrasbre qncro, Kor.opoe3aBeprxaerpsA. 7940741526
W
o n o A I
A
tr o A o A l o A I o A I o A I o A
n
,s
oq6rcr
k'HqrcrHd
C l A T no I oCA A A
AA T 1
2
J
oc 4
5
T
v
1
6
6. llogvepxuprre, KaKoe Ir3 orplx x&{BorHblx, B Ha3BaHHsx Koropnx 6yxnn nepeNIeIIraHbI,HMeer HaplMeHbrutre pa3Mepbr. HOEI,I3, HETKOKO, BAPOKO, bIMTIIb, I4P)KAO 7. Bcrasbre croBo, Koropoe o3Haqaer ro )KecaMoe, qro u 2 cnosa srre cxo6or. CPEAA (....)OEnACTb B. Bcranbre cJroRo,Koropoe 3aKaHqplBaernepBoe cnoBOH HaqnHaeTBTopoe.
t s)
v
4
10. Bcrasbre rpon),rrleHHyrr 6yxny. /IMHKP3(DI 1. Bcrasbre nporr)arlellHoe rrHcJIo.
E3(...)nAI 9. Karaq lra 6 npouyMepoBaHHblx QHryp noAxoAHTAJIt ilycroro nnagpara? (Hanaurn're HoMep n xna4pare.)
GOO OOO Oe T fitr
12. lloTlve prc nr'r'eJIHIIIIlee.
l- U* c_1r1 'EK' A
45
123
.Cj,}
rrc
:
t
frr
sopeau>tr""oqe<4
o{6rq rausr*o".o 13, Bcraebre npon)ryIerlHoe qHcJIo.
t-f [f l-] ['f F;.1 HH f rfr_ tir L:r L1L1L__l I 4. Rat
15. Bcrasme s cxo6KracJroBo,KoropoMy Morlr npeAurecrBoBam rrc6rre rig 6wcBcneBa
3A
no v BbI
TA OT 15. Bcrasbre crroBo,npolyrrleHHoe B cxo6xax.
Aruro (rrAT)Py/rb noA (...)rHK 17. Bctarnre nponprleHHoe qucrro.
1495 21 289
8
r3
18. llog'lePKl Ifi Te JIHlrIHee.
oIT!|HqI,Ifl , AEtA3AI-iI4.fl, CTAHUI4.fl, 3I,IMOBKA"AEOPH|EH, Mr4nI4rJI4A 19. Bcraeme cJroBo,Koropoe 3anaHttuBaerlepBoe cnoBo u HatfnHaeT BTopoe.
rroA(....) r,rKA
r"l L'
c)
U
3
I
w
@ 5
A@
20. lkr71uc1)r{rrH'r'ccJroBo, Koropoe
He flBJrrercq MpK-
C K H M H ]U C IIC 'M,
TElloPIl'l'l1EI I IJHt{4, JI ABI4fir4C.gt{PAM 21. BclasbTe cJroBo,npon)nrleHHoeB cxo6xax. vKcvc (CKHT) IilPLI
ftr
*.',Pevz.,rt-"oou*r*
o-t6ro Karrsrr
27. Kat
qprcJlo.
23. Bcr asb"t'enponlaqellHoe
coorBercrBver A A z rt'\ll H
r\
KaI(
n
7\
/___\"l|
T IT
-
CooTBeTCTBVeT
Fx( r..
H
|v
X
X X
-Ox ooo
24. lIo4vepKtIHTe JIHruHee.
lt
-
\r/
il
ttrr.rtllXX
ll nJer
l lL - A "Jl l o l lL\7a J = ol r ll ilil
ll
^
r2
ll-ll
ll' reefll
lll"ll )/\tll l
3
\l/
rx
ll
xtll
0 ll
All
ll:ll
X
*Ox s
OOO
X
xOr
OOO
28. Bcrasbre cJroBo,nporr),'qeHHoe B cxo6rax. APKA (KPEH) CHE| TA,rIb (....)PAMA
5
pflA. 25.Bcrasule 6yrry, Koropas 3anaHqvmaer qerbtpe T rpn _ trr;aE 26. Bct a:sb"renponyl[el
o
o
II IyIo 6yttey.
[. t[f
tr[
340
29. Bclarrulc ctiloBo, Ko'l'opoe 3anl:e^.l,uBaernepBoe cJroBor4rraqlrrracr BTopoe.(Klruv: r{acrb nlzl-1.a.) K(.)A 30. Bcraeme nporq{qeFrHoe qrurcJro. 71412 4129 621 31. flort.repxHr,rre cJroBo, Koropoe ornvqaercfl, ocTa-rlbrrbrx. KOPA.IUI,fEPMAHH-fl , CEBEP, flrIO}{VIfl
-rL.-S -t
JL
s',Pe?aaro"oo"*on*
o-,
'aro
kuHqKtrkro
32. Raxas a3 5 npoHyMepoBaHHblx Qlzryp noAxoAHT AJr-flnycToro KBaApara?(Hanuuture HoMep B KBaApaTe.)
33. Bcr asbrenpon)arleHHy'ro61xny.
N ! ^ x )x
xh
HN \A-
x I
N A
?_J X 2
kr+ 5
W
34.Bcrasbre pory/IueHHOe
qHCnO.
t-'-l['I ['f t-rl E FI FI t-'l Fl l-r [4 E E []
rz[]
35.Bcrasme pon)4rleHHsre 5)xnu.
raMr, Koropoe 3aBepuaer qerBep36. fkr71vc1)KrrHTe TVrOCTpOr$: - )Karrrra ttxt(tu't'Kocl'ru; - fplrura lrro6ttr IIHHy; - klpanga mo6ur Polaana. Koro ln6prr klr*ta - Tonro, fperury unuKeuto? BcTpeqarbcrrco cnoerl geeyruxorZ 37. fl 11ot'
sr:rpeaantraeqqe+4
o-,, -lD^^ --16ro kuHqKurro
$r
38. Kaxas ne 6 npoHyrnrepoBaHHblxQNryp flBrqercs
crefl)'rcruleriQzrypofi n pxgy?
I T ,l -T
I
1. Bcranr,re nporr)nrleHHoe qr4cno. 36302418-_ 2. flogveprr{r4Te JrutrrHee. sAfi poH, IUE.IUII,I,KHTC, I{EM6EP/IEH, qoCEP ).Karcas ua 5 npouyrvrepoBaHHbrxOnryp no1xotrur MA rrycroro xsagpara? (Hanunrnre HoMep n rnagpa're.)
Ei-----> 3
<._+E
39. noa'repKHuTe lnllrHee. A3EE'TPNBOC, O|E/IOPPYMAE.IIYC, HI4BOEPPIHH I,IEPI4POEA,PEA"'IONNOOCH/II{OH.
1
40. BcraBbTe rrponyrlleHr lble qvc'Ia
trt ['t t-t FI t-t-t HHH H
tr L1_rw L1-]t1
X t A A X t t A n i XAXTX
L__l
z
56
4. Bcrasbre nponlrrleHFroe qr4cro.
49 17 35 _ r 39 5. floTlueprcrrr4TefopoA, roropsrrZ 3,qecbnuturtuft. ITIAHXAIZ, ilEJ1l, HOBbIfi OP'IEAH, Irb.rICA, KAI4B KBEEEK
srope?rJt-tr"t^ou<4
o-t6rq kctHqKorro 5. IIol.{epKHr4Te cJroBo, Koropoe HlreM xoxxerZuol)l KoMaH.rLbr.
He tBJltercfl.
:E'a3Ra-
AA A AA A
AEIIOTPO,MHOFI.4A,APTAAqATNKPAC,OTPPKTA 7. BcrasbrecJroBo,nponyilIeHHoeB cxo6xax. noTP.flCEHHESAAP) nAPAJII,II{
cbrrqHK(....) cAno
8. Bcrannre npo[]arleHHoe qrdc.no.
9. Kaxas.n s 5 npouyrvrepoBaHHblxQu ryp noAxoAI4TArt rrycToro t<sagpara?
AAA AAA AA T W
I
3
4
6
10. Bcrasbre cJroBo, Koropoe 3aKaHqzBaer nepBoe cnoBo vt :ga'qprnaerBToDoe.(Kro.r:'raxelax.) : MA (....)Tb 11. lIo4vepKHHTe, KaKp{e2 uz utux Qzryp ue o6pa3)roT napbr.
Frl \-
w ovo \:-7
I
I
15 12. Bclaeme nponlrrleHltlro
n,frx<M_nMT
6lxsy.
*frf
oq&nq kaHsrrcctro
s:.liPerzunr]2€4-te,.-,.4t7fth &
>t
21. Kaxas ue 6 nponyrvrepoBaHHbrxQzryp noAxoAr4T-.44qnycroro KBaApara?(Hanunure HoMep n xna4pare.)
€K rrecrBoBarr rro6rre zs 6].xs cJIeBa.
n=-' 15. HaftWne cJroBa,Koropble o3Harlalor ro x(e caMoe, qro 14cnoBa e cxo6xax. C + (cBoA npanra.rr)= (vacrs xoHevHocru) 16. Bcrasme [pon]rrleHHoe r{lrcro. 9420 B512
17. l1s,t1veplc tH't'cJrnrrrrlee.
n Fril-l U
opIAHZ3AIIr4.rr. HOPA, |PO3A [OPH, fPAUI4t, 3APHr4rIA, HATAB 6A3AP 18.Bcrasbre cJroBo,Koropoe 3aKaHquBaEr'[epBoecnoBo 14HaqzHaer BTopoe. (Knrcu: cJroBecHaflzHQopuaqux).
KOH(....)rznb
I
r lfr
E
1p.nogvepKHzTe,Kro H3HHx rreJrrurrrc't'cl rcurrosne34ofi. AHIEOR OPnEIZT,nPA-rIM,AIIPOE, AHOCTA 20. Bcrasbre cJroBo,Koropoe o3Haqaer ro )Ke caMoe, qro r,r2 cnosa sHe cxo6ox:
BErrIb(..,)Ar{cur{rrrr,lHA
4#
4
22. lToguepKHure, KaKoe H3 3Tr,rx cnoB )I(EHCKI{M
HMCHCM.
APbflN,,'IPI4MAfrHTTIEfr'TEEHHAAPK
HC ,'IBJI'ICTC,'I
r![l
oqaro
sropee(ll{|'".^ou<4 rcurrqr
23. Bc.rar.brenponFIIeHHoe qucJlo.
25. 3aeeputuTe cneAyloqee coorBercrBue oAnoli Ns nrrn npoHyMepoBaHHbtx Quryp. (flo4uepxuvffe npaBuurbH)'roQtarfpy.)
A AA 96t2
24.lloguePru HTE JIHIIIHCE.
7l\ nt 7
/ coorBercrByer:
A
lt t7 l t -t t r l
VlN
l
\ I/ I
I
4+M +q t2345
27. Bcrasb^renponlrueHl{yrc 6yxny. CO K
Hf r E
vo
28. Karas. ns 6 nporrplepoBaHHblx Qtaryp roAxoAt4T AJUI nycroro rcnagpara?(Hanvurure HoMep tsnp.f,MolrorbHl4Ke.)
/
.ffi.sfilgll.
H
@.il.#ffi
/
\ 45
25.Bclrasb"teqncJlo, nponFIIeHHoe B cro6rax.
1BB(3oo)263
8e3(....) er5
*ffi\ JIO
flffi.[] q
o.""o ftt
suPe?rJtq'""o^u<4
ku*qr
t-l tl
I
il|
oa)
3 2. llogvepKHrrre .ruruHee. Aft.rIoMB, MAPIIpInAH, |OPOA, KAnPM, ITEPIIK 33. Bcrasbre cJroBo, Koropoe 3aKaHquBaer nepBoe cnoBo t/r Ha.unHaer BTopoe. (Krrou: cnoco6 nepeABrcKe-
J
HLLA)
.il.
45
PA3(...)yH
l-l
n# H
I
^(il_l_lJ,^
HJ
34. Bcrasbre npon)arleHHy'ro6yxny.
iT?
6
29. Bcrasb"te qr{cro, npoq'uleHHoe
B cxo6rax.
347 (418) 489 643 (...)72r 30. Kaxzu u:r 6 nporryMepoBaHHblxQutlpxanrercq cregyrouleri B aroM psqy? (llogueprullzTe lrlDrrry/xl Qarfpy.)
+Ef ftAl
2
I
4
H
tvl tal
ry A \tr
56
o
ltgl
,,O,.,,O
3 5. Bcrasbre npor[,rqeHrroe q]rcro.
3
G\o
v ,=\
5
4v6
31.Bcrans'renpo q{rleHHoe qHcJro. 106 412 o/ 103 \ 6B /1
t-f t-'-lr-fn
36 Ilcrasbre
pon-vu{eHHbI e 61xnlt.
tr tr tr n
37. Bcraeme cJIoBo, Koropoe 3ar.arrqvBaeT nepBoe a Haqlrrracl rrlop()c. (l0rruv: uoHe'ra.)
I{EP nPo (....) -l
ll-E^$ t *. ) ') 4 . LJI
-
I -J
t=...-tF l-E |x -.--t\ !l
slepeerjHrl2"aa"+4 oq6rq karrqrorro npeg38. fIo4vepKHI4Te @pasy,Koroparl 3anaHrryTBaer JIOX(CHHC.
Muxaun qmI4JI 3aMoE Bopnc KImHJIKpIor{oK;JIeoHIag r(ynuJr KHI4ry. Karaq napa AoJDKHa6sItl clegytonietZ: VocuQurpy6ra,lepacnrra a Myrlry,Tapac u molr,na, Kapl tz K-napHerunw Jleonc>tr'gn vrurul? 39. Bcrasb"re 6yxnyi Koropaq 3aKaHql4BaerpflA. BbIN((Dn_ 40. Bcrasme npory,lqeHHoe ql4ctlo.
Fl [*] t-'f [al
tr r r []
1. Bcrasbre npon)nrleHHy'to61xnv.
E A) K I z _ 2.Kaxas tz: (r ttpottvMcpoBallHblx Qaryp roAxoAktrg.lt-s q/croro ru:agpara? (Hanilurzre HoMep B KBaApare.)
n€
I*IT I
+
{-<
ll'-1-l t23456
3' llog're'KHrrre nHIxHee' PEMEPAFIAT,TilEKCNUP, TI,IHTOPEHTTO, [email protected], MOHE. e npoilyrleHHoe qucno. 4. Bcr asb^r 25919375. flogvepxuwTe, KaKoevrx ?"lvlx )KlrBorHblx JII4IrrHee. CEJIE4KA, AE ItOI4H, AKy/IA, CKAT, IIAJITyC, KAM5A.IIA 6. flo4vepxHure, ranoti I43 3TI4x ropoAoB HaxoAHTc.a sAHrrLrN. Pl{HrIE6, PETCEHAMT{,AMPI4M, HA@bII{ 7. Bcrasbre ctloBo, npon)tlleHHoe B cro6rax. flIlAHT (....)HA|PEBATEJIT' 8. Bcrasbre qHCJIo,nporyTieHHoe BBepxy Ha pHcyHKe. ?
{-<
,$
oa6rq
slliPe?rlt{'"taae<4
runqrrrtso
). Kaxax ne 6 npoHyrr,repoBaHHbrx QIaryp no,tIxoAHT4.rtr rycroro xnagpara? (Hannurure HoMep o xna4pare.)
11.noguepKHuTe, KaKHer433THxQ"ryp He o6pasyror napbr.
12.Bcrasb"fecroBo n cKo6Kax,KoropoMy Moryr npeArrrecrBoBarr 6)'KesrcJreBa. C
v NPKT LlC POC KA OT ]TI4C nIIA 13. Bcrasme npoilylqerlHlro 61tnv. MHIIN310. Bcrasbre cJroBo, Koropoe 3aKaHr{HBaernepBoe cJroBolarra.v'vrHaerBTopoe. (K-nrov:qseror.)
cKoP (....) EP
14. Ilog6epu\e clror,Z, KOTOpbre o3HaqaloT To )(e, r{To H cJIoBas cxo6xax. Q * (eo.rtta): (@uryPa)
q
sopevz(/}{r'2"l'.z-"+4
o{anq ruusrrcdFo 15. Karne r,rs 6 npoHyr,IepoBaHHblx Quryp rloAxoAsr AJnrrrycroro KBaApara?(Hanmure HoMep e rnagpare.)
lf
tf
nEt:] Eln
tl
tt
n
tl
n
E
D
nnE
nn
tl
n E
n
18. lIo4vepKH?ITe, q'ro I43ilepeqzcneHHoro He fiBJlserC.tr)K},IBOTHbIM.
ONOKPLIIK,KPOt{EtsC,AJIAYK,OKAAK
I
EDE
17. lIogvepKHHTe croBo B HI'DKHeficrpoKe, Koropoe no,qxoAl4TK cJIoBaMB BepxHeIZcrpoKe. nEKTOB KOCTb, EOqKA Tpyxa, rLlrvIA, Mblllrb, roJIoBa,o,ua,rJllmeq
t_l
19. Bcrasbrerlpon)nrleHHoequctlo.
n
n
20. Bcrasbre cJIoBo, Koropoe 3aKaHqnBaer nepBoe cJroBo :a:rrltrv:graerBTopoe. (KnIou: ropxecrno.)
rA (...)c
n
t_l
E
r-l
2
I
21. IlogveprH HTC
ntf
ntlE
tf
l-l
JIHIIIHCC.
\ \
3 ,\
EE
fl
tl 4
nnr- r 5
r6.Bcrasbrenporryrrler{Hoequcro. 4638 2844
t]E E t_l 0
22.Bcrasb're cJIoBo,nponluleHHoe B cro6xax'
on (AEnO)75 AP (....)63
.$
so?ee(ltt-"oou*r*
oqarq kauqr
cK/roH(....)noKPbrrxKA
25. Kaxas.n: 5 npouynepoBaHHbrxStaryp noAxoAutr Arq nycroro necra? (Hanwnure HoMepn xna4pare.)
1
X(
\
E A>
26. Bcraswe nponyrqeHHoe r{Hcrro.
371 5 3 r 27. Bcraub;t'errporyuerrH lte 6)xsbr.
[f t-fF
EEE E
28. Bcrasbre cJroBo,nponyuleHHoe B cro6rax
ocToPo)KHocTb (co&r) MPECAT noAnr,rcb (....)nAMrrA
29. Kaxas.lls 5 npoHyl{epoBaHHblx Otaryp rogxo4nT g.lrr nycroro KBaApala?(HanlaurlzireHoMep B KBaApare.)
rAA
A, n\
x\ + A
A ,il'M n V
A /*\ q/^____/
,aa
A
,rh
A\
M IA Z\
T--l
M" ll
/\
/t\\ f1---))
I
/N\
Y
z
Y /
/M /1\\
@ A
6
30. Bcrasbre cJIoBo, Koropoe 3aKaHqlrBaer nepBoe cJroBo v:na.vtlrael BTopoe. (Klrov: r{acrb nurya.) 3A(...) oK t_6l. I J F!I#\ -J \
slllpeea}{''""oo"+4
o-t6rq raHrrrdHd 3 1. Bcrasbre nporyueHH''ro Syrcuy.
32. tlo guepKHHTeJrurrrHee. KAnI4TAH, OEHOMEH, OTOPOA, PAEOTA, CTPEJIOK EpexHeea, Me.4HylIBbI3BaJI 37.Ha ceaHcecnnpl4Tpr3Ma cne.4''IoBbI3oBer oH Koro Xgauova. u fo4yHona, Exosa vJru Mao Xpyruesa I46appypl'r, Tpoqroro, ulzu: Craraua, IIseAlua?
3 3. Bcrasb"re nporryqeHH''ro 6yrsy. s4ir2rt3 34. Bcranlre n pory/IIleHHoe q
tr
T
FI
38. nogvePKHHTetlnlrrlee. 739, T34r,522,1862
m m
VA
39. Bcr asb^renporryxleHHoe rrl4cro.
tE-l ||l I I L__l
35. Bcrasme nponyrltcr II I()c qHCJI().
687 36 24
64 48
49
35. IIo4vepKHHTe,:ranafl.lrs4 nporryMepoBar{Hbrx Q}rrvlc froAxoArl^t Mfl. rrycToro MecTa.
,/0\ (
+o nI
\8,/
40. BcrasbTe rlponyqeHHoe qxclo.
? )
189
582
oq6ro S
goPe?u'.'""o,."k\*
rurrqrdlao
@ 1. Kaxaq us 6 npouyMepoBaHHbx Qrarr,r:rroAxoAHTAJUt rrycroro xuagpa'ntl (Hanurunre Horuep e rnagpale.)
@ oa oa @ @n 2. Bcraslire rrporyqeHrry'ro 61xry. E IIMP
3. flogvepxuure Jrr{rrrHee. ATIEKCAHIB HAnOIEOH, BETUIXHTTOH, HMbCOH, IAHHH6A'I 4. Bcrasbre rrporrlrrleHHoe qacro. 812r01612_ 5. llo4veprur4Te rp{rrrHee: .flJI, ilAKETEOT, PI4KXIA., EAPKA, pKOHKA 6. flo4veprur4Te, KaKoe v3 vrvx )KHBorHbrx cyrlecrByer B npupoAe, B orrrur{He or uuQororr4qecKr4x. HAPAOK, OHHCKC, OI4P|OH, fEPFIyyK 7. Bcrasbre croBo, npon)4rleHHoe B cro6rax. 6AHIA (...) TA3 B. Bcraebre cJroBo,Koropoe 3aKaHquBaernepBoe cnoBo r,rHar{HHaerBTopoe. (Krrov: r{acrb }'KpalxeH}u tmga.) nAP (....)TAII ). Karat n: 6 n po l ryMepoBaHHbIx Qzryp no AXoillaTMs. nycroro xnagpa'ral (Hanurrrure HoMep n roagpare.)
NNN NNN NN @[
n
*frI
o<&ro KuHsrKcrFo
60peLata'"t44ekhf.1 14. lIo4uepKHHTe nHIxHee AoMHHo.
rf l-f [f F-l[f HH[--I H H
L1 L1_l [-] L1 L1_l
10. Bcrasbre rlponyqeHHoe qncro.
15. Bc'rasbTecJIoBo n cno6r
C
o v
)
B 3A 16. Bcrasbre npoqnrleHHoe qucro. 1 1. llogvepKHlzre nHIrIHee
XX X X X 12. BcrasbTe nponFqerrHyro 6yxn_v. 3KP f)KO Efi 13. Bcraebre cJroBo,nponyuleHHoe B cxo6rax.
Mrro (nAD Pv/Ib KOM(...)rrOPT
t-.-ltr'l F l[l
Eltr
1 7. lIogvePKHHTe JIHIITHee.
AKCENEPITORCEJIO,TAPA,CKAT,TPEK,TOPI, CEPA, KAPT,KOPT,PEKA,CA/IO 18. Bcrasn'e cJIoBo, Koropoe 3aKaHqHBaer nepBoe cnoBo tI I IaqI4}{ae]' BTOpOe.(K;rou: }ranlrToK')
Morlo (...)HI'IK
s^ge*at'r'""oon++r*
o{6rq ruuqKotrd 19. Kaxan ns 6 nporryrtepoBaHHblx Qeryp noAxogzr NIA rrycroro xnagpara? (Hanururare I{oMep n cro6rax.)
f fi6 f f i 6 ffi ffi ffi ffi n ,6 ,ffi ,fl ,6 20. flogvepKHure, xaxofi u3 orvtx ropo,4oB He Haxonr4Tcfls C[IA. fI4KOqA, API,IMM, TOHCO6, |OTHI,IHIILAB
2l.BcrasbrenporryuleHlroe qHCJro.
6T\ 4T\
k?
ktt
A@
22. no guepKHr.rreJrnrrrHee.
c r - O f fi A
6 5
23.Bcrasbre cJroBo,ilporryuleHHoe B cxo6xax. |/I).EI4HA (6I,1HT) 6AHTI4K
PA3nvKA(....)IUnAnA 24. Bcrasbre cJroBo,Koropoe o3Har{aerI'o )KecaMoe, qro u 2 crosa eHecxo6on. nEPEIATTA(...)3MEPIKAHHE ns 5 npouyueponauur'rx Qz25. llo4vepKHure, :rarcatr ryp noAXoAvrT Mfl nycrofo MecTa.
MWffi M
?
offimffiffi ffi 26. lIoguepKHHTe, y Kaxoro LI3 )I(HBorHb-Ix, B r:a3n.aHI-IflX KOTOpT'IX6)4(BbI nepecTaBJIeHbI, I{I4CJIOHOf MeHbUre qeTbrpex.
ACKbIR|PI4T,HOMATM,COPEAAIHT,ryA.tIP 2T.BctasbreqHcJIo,rrponyxleHHoeB cro6rax. 164 (255) 286 224 (...)476 28. BcraIrF,Te cJIoBo, Koropoe 3aKaHql{Baer nepBoe cJIotso ?r HaqnHeer B'r'opoe. (Knrov: xl{MurrecKoe coe4nueHrle.) KO (....)H
oqar-q kctt-rqr
837 612 549 422 342 noAxoAHT 30. Kawas,aa 6 npouyMepollaHHblx Qurlp KBaApare') B HoMep (Hanwruure :rrBa1para? .44qnycroro
--r NN N,..N N / \
N
NN
NK\ I{
NI
NN]
V
r--J-.l
Ir-t
I
il
+
ll
ilil
lt o ltll il ilil
lL_r I \\
r-
-/i
3 1. Bcrasrre nponYqeHl{oe qI'ICno.
B32r 6525 122 cnoBo.nponyrleHHoeB cro6rax. 32.BcrasbTe 15 (6EAA)62 1 5 (. ' )g e JII4lIrHee.
3 3. lloa'repKHuTe
cTy/I, KPOBATb, PACKnAtryIXKA, CTOTI,TAXTA
lt
ql4cro. 34. BcrasbTe nPonyueHHoe
ul''
sno "./
l-l L
rv
a \
/:r o\ 18 |
24 f-r* t
\,
t3l
-J\
r.lrPeeut-tr"e44ekq
oa6rq rur+qrotsd 3 5. Bcrasbre ilpor)trleHHlro KHT f)KH OC
3. Bcrasbre nponyrleHHoe qucno. 17 19 _20 15
6yrny.
4. flo4vepxHzte, KaKorZr4x arux ropoAoB twnt*tit. oc"[o, IIOFIIOH, HbFO-IzOpK, KAHP, EOM6ELI, KAPAKAC, MAIPI4I
36. noguepKHHTe JIvIIrHee.
9 25 35 78 r44 r95
37 . Bcr asbTenpon)4rleHH,lto 6)xsy.
r-{F-rFll-f E EET
qvcro: 38. Bc'rasbTenpon),'qeHHoe
7 T5 ) 2 _
r 38 28\
39.836ts coorBercrB,verKyrysosyran E[I4B coorBercrByer...(tcot'lY?). 40. Bcrasbre nponlrrlel{Ir()c . ^. A o
Z',""\ ,-./ \ 16
.i A .{
7,J B2 \ /'
rl HCJIo' ,^ ,/
14
Z 12
\
1. Bcrasbre nPonYIrIeHHYto6YxnY. P H.K 3 2. flo4ueprHnTe tIHIxHee. MOUAPT, 6AX, COKPAT,fEFITEJIb, EETXOBEH
5. floc'raebre Ha Mecro 6yrnu B prHX cJroBax,Koropbre .gBJltrrorcrrHa3BaHulfl:lnll)KlrBorHbrx. llog.reprHt,rre, KaKoe )KHBorHoecaMoe 6olt'ruoe. /IAPnOAE, AI'KAIZC, CHyCK, ft{Tp, EAP3E, OIIbC, OKJI14PK 6. Bcrasbre croBo, Koropoe 3ar.l :artnBaernepBoe cJroBo H HaquHaer BTopoe. (Krrou: vrHTepBarnpeueHra.)
qEro (...)cE/rb
7 . Kaxas.r.rs6 npoHyMepoBaHHbrxQir ryp noAxoAlrr 4rls nycroro taagpara? (Hanuruirle HoMep n xna4pa're.)
mNm
N m N n NT NHilN mn '4 I
2
56
o{6rq frf
supeRutcrDe44ekq
kansrrrrrro
8. Bcrasbre cJroBo,npoilyrrleHHoe B cro6xax.
noMorrlb oxoD KOHqHHA
11. lIogvepKHHTe, KaKVe4ee Qllrypu nlulZ nopr4ox.
uapylaor
o6-
TAJTAHT(...) TTOAHOTTTEHHE
9. Karcax nx 5 npoHyuepoBaHHbrx Quryp noAxoAHT AJrflnycroro KBaApara?(Hanwsture HoMep n xnagpare.)
Ct \?
,(,
2
C \9
C \9 ,C9
+
C
A/
\, 2
,V
[]
.C
12. Bcrasbre nporyqeHHyro 6yxny.
ArzMT_ 13. Bcraame nponyqeHHoe qHcro.
J9
F-tFf w[--l
trtrtr[]
I 0. Bcrasbre nponyrqeHHoe r{HcJro.
14. Bcraeme crroBo n cxo6xax, KoropoMy Mory'r npeA[recrBoBarl rro6ue 6r,xsbr cneBa.
v ilP14 C CO
.$
s.,pe'..,tq_"oou++*
oq6rq r..nqrccrtsd
1B.HafigHre nponyrqeHHoe qprcro. 17338 52912 13 10
15. Bcraebre crroBo,npo[ytrleHHoe B cxo6rax.
EA/r(EEC)nOP.rrAOK
noI (...)Kor
15.Bcranme npon)trreHHoeqncJro: 54 5 32 1 85 _
19. noA.repKHHTe crroBo s umKHerZcrpoKe, Koropoe noAxoArar K cJroBaMn nepxrreri crpoKe. |OHKA. KAt{KA. POCTOK Tprtp, tpaqH.'I, cKa3Ka,MoMeHT, cTpax, itr.Iarfivr}{a
lT,Kaxas us 6 nporryuepoBaHHbrx Quryp no,qxo,4zT (Hanuuu're HoMepn xnagpare.) .q.nflnycroro KBaApara?
c (...)AH
#ffiH ffiH# Hffi
#H ffi #M 4
20. Bc'rasbre cJroBo, Koropoe ganarqvBaer nepBoe cJroBoz rla.lvHaer BTopoe. (Klrou: 4epeno.) 21. fIogvepKHHTe, rrro u3 [epeqacneHHoro cq KoMaFrAHofiurpoir.
TEPCEAJIb, UlfEEq-iIOOn, /IOTEyO 22.Bcraswe nponFqeHHoeqHcro.
,.O.,,,O
[-l
ll
t7
at
82
42
2 J. llo4vepKHprre
-[rrl E-# H_ t
uo-J; -[-ftl 6
He ffBJnrer-
I
ltuurr{ee.
o
tl )^^"c 2 4. Bcr asbre cJroBo, npoilyil{eHHoe
F>< e cKo6xax.
Ano/rorET (nAlrg KvKvPv3A onPEccoBIG (...)TPEHI,IPOBKA.
ftr
oa6r-o kurrqrcrno
gittPeR.aHrf>s
25. Bcrasb're cJIoBo, Koropoe o3Haqaer ro x(e caMoe' rr.ro r4 2 cnosa eHe cxo6or. ElroP (.....)cI4H.qK 25. Karas u: 5 npoHyrnlepoBaHHblxQetryp noAxoAHT LJrfinycroro KBaApara?(Hanwtmre HoMep n rna4pare.)
V X@ W N
R
-{
5
27.Bcrast'Te cJIoBo n cro6rax, KoropoMy Morlr npeArxecrBoBarl lto6tte 6yrnu cJIeBa.
nPo B 3A
v C NPLI OT
no noA B. Bcrasme nporyulellrtyru
f--l [|
61,tttly rl r pttfll-ryl
,a.ut"k+2*
7c) Bcrasr,Te qr4cJro, nponyrr{eHHoe B cxo6xax.
r32 (834) 285 214 (. . . )1 1 7 30. Bcrasbre crroBo, Koropoe 3aKaHqnBaer [epBoe cJroBovr:'larrvrl:aer BTopoe. (Klrov: opyAne,) o (.....)Pb 3I.Kaxas as 6 npouyMepoBaHHlx Quryp noAxoAHT A-rx nycroro KBaApara?(Hanuumre HoMep n cro6xax.)
re
ffiff
Filfrff ff T
reffift 2
I
ffi 4
l-l
st
l()
1-
t
n
l
ll
llthil
tI
5
EK
*frf
gl:.ltPe?(lstte4-l-g
oaaro kuusrrcrt'rd 12. fIoguepKHVTe,KaKoev3 3t'rrx quce.nHe noAXoAr.IT
4O.Ecnu DGJ+JAE+ BHF: DDAB, ^ FxC =
" --J-
K OCTai'IbHbIM.
625 35r 256 r97 144
,rr4,
GA,To.r.ryp"urro
$ i
3 3. Bcrasbre nporr)lqeHrloe qI4cJIo. 4820
9 3 15 34. lIo4vepKHlITe rlzruHee. AHTI4TE3As NO3}ITPOH, AEI.II,IMETR ONACHOCTb, ENI,IHOPOf 35. Bcraeure nporry&IeHHoeqr{cro. 4697435. tsc'ranr;r'enponlulelll Ilro 6yray.
1. Bc'rasbre rpoqryrleHlryro 61'rny.
u T o K_ 2. llogueprHIzre rrurrrHee. ABfycT, cEHT.fl 6pb, OKT.SEpb, Ho.BEpb, AEKA6 pb 3. Kat
l__j -T lll
37.Bcrasbre cJIoBo,Koropoe 3anall.luBaet nepBoe cnoBo ta HaquHaer BTopoe. (I(rltov: ropa.) Tv (...)HI4K 38. tscTasbre nponyqeHHoe qucro.
28 33 31 36 34
39.Bcryasbrerrpo [yqeHrloe
r9
\lv
LIZCJI().
H
I Hr HI n HHI H Iq I
-.!L.^ *11 5.
o-.*arq
sope?astrneaqe+4 kuHqKuFro
4. Bcraerre ilPoq/ueHHoe qnctlo' 36282422-
)k
o
? @ a $ h
5. lIoguePxHHTeJIHITIHee. (DPAHUI',{ fl" L4TN114fl', TPEIIL'Ifl, L$:i.fl., fEPMAH?I-fl, oVI}{IIflHNI'l'I 6. PaccraebTeno cBoHMMecraM 6ltcrlr B 3THx cJIoBax, KOTOpbIe .sBJIfiIOTCflHa3BaHVIflMVIpa3/II4r{HbIX CpeACTBltptKaroe n3 HI4x orrl4rraerc,I or ocrajlbHt'Ixt .4Bt{)KeHl,1fi.
PAKT,KI4TCA, AMTOKCA, VTHCA,OfHAB
qro 7. Bcrasbre cJIoBo,Koropoe o3Haqaerro x(e caMoe' u2 cnosa ga cro6xauz. PEIZKA (......)nPEAEJI
2
3
5
6
10. Bc'rasbrenpoqruIeHHoe qucro.
B. Bclanlle cJIoBo,Koropoe 3acar.vaBaer nepBoe cJIoBo H Haql4rraerBTopoe.(Klrov: BoeHHoe)T(penneHue') KOM (..e,)EJIb 9. Kara-sua 6 npouyMepoBaHHblx Quryp iloAXoAHT,4.r'f, rD/crofo rsagpara? (Hanaurure HoMep n rnagpare')
mA @ $ tu A
b
+
.l \_-/
Ie
n
I 1. lIo4vepKHHTe JIHIITHee.
A,LJ
./O
i.l
17
oo
((oD \o
1
aY
CO 4
oo A
€/
i
o-taro "fur ab
'fr
''qeoa*-noon+rory$o*
i
kurrsrKtrtrd
I i
12. Bcraebre rlpor4"IqeFlrrlro 6yxu,tt'
t
fr,MA
$
TH3 TU
I
I 3. BcraebTe ilpoq.uleHHoe
.;1
qpICiIo'
lal
t;;l
19. KaKaq ua 6 npouyNtepoBaHrlux QNryp noAxoAlIT &rrr nycrofo KBaApara?(Hanumure IIoMep n rsa4pare')
w^Ir h, Lpw
q_\o)
w;t[4ET-i
14, Bcrasbre cJ'IoBon cxo6KH, KoropoMy MorlT ilpeA[recrBoRarl lKr6r,re us 6\T{s cJIeRa'
TP M
lJ "'wn <\O.+
k
t 5. nctg6ePate c/'IOBos cxo6xax' C + (6u'rea;: lorras)
4 r9 64
456 crpoKe
18. Bcrasbre cJIoBO, Kol'opoe 3aKaHr{HBaer nepBoe cJroBo v.:rLa\ryr*aer BTopoe. (Klrou: seyronolZ curual')
BC (....)ET
%'H.'
\ft "W\,
15, BcrasbTe nporryqeHHoe ql4ctlo.
17. lIo4vepKHI,ITe, KaKoe LI3 cnoB s rulxrlerl noAxoAHT K CJIOBaMB BepxHeH c'l'p()'((" BEPCILfl , PEKTOR IIEMMA, 3,rl Utt'l'l'l',ll( Ao)KAb,Kocrb, )Kr{BorHoe, cner', 61'u:tt'lt
n,
+2
C.
20. lIo4vepKIIZTe,
raxofi
LI3 3T'Hx ropoAoB rle Ilaxo-
nurcs, svlt'aruv. I-IFIOPIIEH@fl, AAPAI'IM, 3ALIil, JII{MHA 2 1. Bc'raer,Teflpon\ryleHrl()equcro:
?A{
,/.,E \./
'A. (
qA
\.
slpeeat-rr""oo"<4
v'lar-e ar
kuuqKclr-ro 22. tlo guepKHlrre JIHIrrHee'
x ff i s D €+ l'zJ4
2 3. Bcrasb^tequcJlo, [porrFrleHHoe B cKo6Kax'
24 3 ( 2 2 2 )3 r 7 548 (...)62r
24. BcrasbTe cJIoBo, Koropoe w2 cnosa ga cro6ralrn. PA3PflA (......)3ACTEIKKA
o3Har{aeT
TO X(e, qTO
29. Bc"rar,bre cJIoBo, Koropoe 3 R H\1\rBaer nepBoe cJroBo14:rraqnnaet BTopoe' (Knrov: Qusuuecxal xapaxTepvc'tvrn ueloeexa.) HA (....)oK qHcJIo, Koropoe 30. IIo4vepKHHTe s ulaxHeli crpoKe rroAxoAI4TK r{I4c.[aMnepxuelZ crpoKu' 372 258 441
283 488 r37 3Br 242
qucn 31. BcrasbTenPoryu1eHHoe rroAxoAHT
25. Kat
28. BcrasbTe cJIoBo,npon)lrleHHoe B cro6rax' ME/IOMAH (MAPC) KAPCT /IEAOCTAB (....)KAJIAM6\?
? o
[ { [f l 4,1t-,rrI
Erl
7
./ 5
1
'26.BcrasbTe nPorryueHF{4o 61mn,v. KOPC
foPf KOP 27 . Bcrasb"te [poIIyuIeH]I LIc (lY'ti Irt'r
)K
32. Bcr asb"re ilporr)llleHHoe
r{HCtIo'
5 6 7 8 1 0 1 r1 4 HzxHerl 33. lIoAqepKHI'Il'e, KaKoe H3 cJIoB s iloAXoAL{T K cJIoBaM eepxHerl crpoKl4' 6IIECK, 3PEH?IE, fl BIIEHI{E floroAa, rpaqufi, IMK, KHIZra,3Mefl' 34. Bcrasbre r{LICJIo'[poilyqeHHoe
crpoKe
B cxo6xax:
532 ( 630)2r 7 648 (...)444
3aKaHqplBaer nepBoe 35. Bcranme cloBo, Koropoe cgl6a') (Knrcu: cJroRo H tIllqHIl:ler Bl'opoe'
C
3A (...)EP 386
g',p'*r*t'"*4.errrdy& oa6rq KuHqruHcr 35. Kat
@@ @ @ @o
o @ o @ @ @
l@) >r 3
1
@ 5
4
3 7. noAvepKlrlrre
7 g r7 2337
,4,
JII4IxHee.
flpoq[rleHHoe 38.tscrasr,Te IB 54 8 241 2
qHcJIo.
t
llrvv
tl
t,
39. nog.{epKHxTe, KaKoe cnoBo 3aKaHr{EBaercne/I}Touee rpeMo)KeHHe. X YH|I4P3OKAO TAT CBTbIPCNOMKHO OTHOCHTCq |BIEAPCX x: fIIT{TXTI,{HPbIO AH/II,II{38 TI,INCbIUXATPI{ CXACTI,INJIAB 40. Bcrasmc npoTr\{qeFlHoeq}'IClIo.
260 2r5 128 rOB62 54
I
27
li Tecr 1 l. 14.(\ucna yReJlllquBarorcrxax4rrfi pasl':'a 3') 2. Korrropa. (-ihoglaHe xllB)'ln xorrropax') qepe.4)rorluxct{ pqAa rrlICeJI' 3. 14 u 1J. llpnee;1elnt; 2 pas na 2.) )BenuquBilloqllxcq nax4lrtl 4. Kur'. (N{lexonrtraloilI,ee, ocraJlL'tlble- plt6sl') <Mocxgvrq'> u ,<')KHrvJIH", MapKl,rasroNao6n.[efi,
ail6oo\ rv
{;
ll
'fr
*ftf
o{aro
t.^p e tz.,tt
kaHqrcrFo
ii. 5. QKupHbreJrHr{I,rHBpatqalorcfl nporlrB .{acoBoir - no qacoBolz crperKe, a nra rxTpHxa crperrKu, KplDKKr4 pacnono)KeHbr nepeA KplDKKoM,KpoMe n'aroft Qurypn, rAe oHH pacflono)KeHblI]ocJIeHero.)
r2.
13. O. (B a-uQannrnolZnocreAoBareJlbHocrx nponycKarorc.rr[ooqepeAHo 2 vt 3 61xnt't.) 14.Ypor. 15. Poxr, H /lpoxr'. (Pt>;xl,- 3raK, a /Ipo;*G - MenKHe (' ()K pllutcl rHrt .rlt'u lt ( . ) 16. 6. (KaNaoe qncro B HI{)KFIeM ptlAy paBHo TIoJIoBHIIe cvMMbr AB\x qHce.rl HaA STHM LII.ICIOM.)
17. flanxa. (Bceu arHM c.rIoBaM Mox(er npeAlxecrRoBaTb rlpHcTanxa onePeo.) 18. 3. (Il KaxAoM pfl[\v v crol6qe ecrb 'I'pI4 Tr:rila J&rr]\ (xpvuue, KBaAparHbIe, I'peyl'oJtbuste), I{ocbl - qepHble, 6elrre r4 B Kpa[uHKv: rna3a - 6elue, qcplllre LlJr\r o4trtr vepuurZ, /Ip)4-oii 6enttk, a raKxe - (ulur t,lutlr trJtv lpn Boloca. lloaroM_v HeAocralolr(ltu Jltlll()M /loJDI(cI{6r'trs rna41'pCM9BOIOCaMI{V C lnA3AMV - OI' paT C qepHL'IM TIOCOM, q e plr blM . HHM A pwH M Sc ru rt). 19.POK. 20 Vlanona. (Ilosru: EJroK, IIyurnH. EceHnu, Henpacoe.) qaQprr Ha KoHrIax AnHHHbrx crpeJroK 21. 6. (Croxalr HBbrqecrb H3 cyMMbI ltlrQpr'l Hl Korrrlllx KOpc)T'KI1x ct'penoK.) (flo4cranrt'tt, 4 fit tirrr,r:lr ('rioi'rrclnrlrrra 22. TPE[AI{| Mecro urecrol)i. nxrori, q;ersefr n rrrrpoir rl)( llrvnlcnFrbrx 5lxe.)
23.nr4n1'. 24.5. (tlpu Karx4ol{ rrol}opo'r'eKpts)KoK H KBaApal MeI-lqIoTCrI MeCTaN{H; B rrC)CJl('i(lr('r\r ('Jrvri:le 3Toto
IJe ilpoHc-
tn o o nrr " r.ry*
'fr"
xoAprr, IrogroMy 5 - ttuttt*ts.sQtarypa' Crpelxa H 3I{aK Bonpoca ocTaloTc-flHa cBoHx MecTax.) 25. OTEIIIO. (Kol.tno3nropbl: Ir4oqapr, lllrpayc, BepAH.)
26. L (Eyxna Bo BTopolr crol6qe BCerAa HaxoAHTCs Ha cronbKo 6)xs Hlaxe 6lxnu B rIepBoM crol6qe, Ha cKoJIbKo 61xna B rperbeM crol6qe BbIIrIe 6)xlu B IrepBoM crol6qe' M sa 4 61xnu HLDKe3, a f ua 4 6)xsnI nr,Irue 3') 27.2. (IlocKonbl(y lxtsaqpa"t c KpyroM tsH)"rpl4 rpeBpaIIIaeTc.fl B Kpyr c noBepHyTbIM KBaApaToM BH)',rpvr, To TpeyroJlbHutK c KBa,4paToM BH)'rpH cTaHoBr4TCs r.BAApa' ToM c noBepHyrblM TpeyronbHllKoM BHlTpH. Lllrpzxonra [epexoAuT c BH]"TpeHHefi cropoHbl Ha BHelxuloo. Tpu np.rrMoyfonbHaKa cHaplDKI4 nepexoA-flT BHH3' 14Te' KOTOprre 6ruu 3auTpLrxoBaHHbIMlI, CTaHOB.fiTCflr{epI{bIMI4' a re, Koropane 6r,vtu qepHbIMH, cral{oBqrcq 3a[ITpI{xonaHuuuu.) 28. 2. (OcnoBHan Qerrypa roBopaquB aerctr sa 90. 3arxrplrxoBaHHble a 6e;lrte o6nacru MeHffIorc.fi MecraMH' aQnrypaB tleHTpe caMa noBopa\MBaercfl, ua 90'.) 29. CIHEI. (Cnono e cro6xax o6paeyerca ua nropoZ u rpersefi 6yxn c KoHIIa cJIoBa rlepeA cro6r
30.TOP.
ro 3 nutrytu c nplMbIM yli/IoM' 31,3. g ncex rlrllyp I4JIIT vrrr4 no 6 mttrutfi 6es npxuoro yl'na.) 32.1. (B KaX4oMpW r4crol6rle HMeerct Kplr'rloe' KBaIparHoe u tuueituoe rynoRnlrl,a; Kpyrnble' KBa/Iparr{ble tt lttuefit*Ie cr).TII{H;Kpyrrtaq, lr.na4paruagu rpewonbHafl |OIORbI; O[yilIeHIIbIe BIIH3, IIOA]IqTbIe BBepx tlJrv topl43oHT'arblto pacrloJlox(eHHble pycn' floaroMy HeAocralorunft .reloBeqeK Aorrlxerr ?IMerb ,rnHel:rnoe rytloBuule' KpyIJtbIe CTyTIIILI'KBaApaTHyO rOnOBy r{ OIVIIIeHTIbIe BHH3 pVI(I4.) qlzJ3. 10. (t{uc.uo B nocJre/I}Iem crol6rre paBHo cvMMe qucro B nepBol'l I{IlHyc ceJr B nepRblx lnr'x clol6llax cron6rl e.13+ 8-11:10) 34. Hsro-Itropx. (He c'roJltrqlrbll-I ropog ) nepeMllo35. 18. (Tprr uuc.rta cHaplDKI4TpeyroJlbHuKa 10.) Ha x(aK)]'C.fl/Ip)'I'Ha Ap-vfa,u p_e3)'nbraTAenI4TCs il-d1
LA
.}IA vl
sleeraanro"oan++H&
o-16rcr
- 1'{
36.
37.[OCT. 38.26. (Ecrt 2 vepe4y
Tecr 2 1.24. (Yvcna yBerltrrllBaro"lcfl xaxgsIIl pa: ua 4.) 2.3. (luclo roqeK yMeHblilaercl rta 1 n.nrc6ort l{anpaBneHr4v.) 3. CeneAxa. (Egurtclncl I I Iltl pr)16:tcpeAu MJIeKorIr{TaIoqlrx.) 4. 9O u 93. PsA oSpae,r,elcx nonepeMeHHblM cJloxceIJIjeM 14yABOeITHeM [peAIIIeCT'B\TOilIef O sLlCJIa; noSTON{y
4 5 x 2:9 0 ,a 9 0 + 3 :93.) 5. Ano,uorl. (Egaucreerumrfirpevecrcuil6ot',ocralr-
Hbre - pr4MCKae.) 6. Baurnnn'ou. (AQnnst, l\{oc-tttt:I.Mn.l:ttt. I{1t:txon HaxoAflTcr n Enpone.) 7 . lTarrxa. (CpeAHee cnoBo HMect"rt ) )ri(' (':l Nr()(' :tIlaqeHI'le,qTO ll C,IOBAnO rcpart"t.) B. POM, 9. 5. (
10. III (f - rperu 6yxna rocJre A, )K - verueprax 6yxRanocJrel, JI - nsr;Ls [ocne ]K, C - uecrafl IrocJIe-lI, a lll nocre B.) ceAbMa.s c 3, paBHoyrxBoeHHoI1.39. (Kaxaoe qHcJIo,Ha,ul,z.natr My flpeAlrecrB\,rouleMy I{LIH,vc1, Mllriy-c 2, Ntuttyc 3 ur. g' '22x2:44;44-5=)9.) 12.4. (l n 3 o6paayror rlap-v,'ro )Ke caMoe - 2 u 5. B r
14.On.{. 15. Cron. (Clouo s ctto6xax cJIPKHTMocroM Melgly cJroBoMnepeA cro6xaupr H cnoBoM nocJle cxo6oq orto MO)Ke'f 3aKaFIqHBaTbIIepBOe CJIOBOV HA\tvIHATs arOpOe.) 16. 4. (Ecr; Tpulvila Qopu rotloBbl, TyJIoBHITIaH xBocra, a rarcKe 1,2 ut 3 yca. Kaxgntrt llz.n rolnJulercq roJIbKo 1 pas n KDI(AoM pqAy H crol6t1e.) 17. 13. ([nx no.u1'reHufl qHcJIa B ueHTpe cKJIaAbIBaIo'IL cfl rreptsoe H rlocJleAllec qHcra B ptlAy.) 18. losr. (Bo ncex ocraJIbHbIX cJIoBax 2 nocle4Hue 6lxnu rrB.rltrlorcfi rIocJIeAoBaleJIbHt IMI4 6yxaarnrn atQanula. B croee (roHr' sroro tter.)
19,ELIT. 20. Bopo6er1.(Ocrpona: Ky6a,Llpnattgua u Kanpu.) 21. 16. (Bsn'm tsepxHeequcJlo, pa31\eru"tbero Ha rlpatsOeH yABOHrr,PCSInr,rar.) 2'2.2. (1 u 5 ui\euruqllbl, To )KecaMoe - 3 n 4') '23. X{a6a. (I{llQplr orllocqrc.s K coorBercrBylollrxM 6txsana utQasura,r. e. 4 - sro f - qerBeprafl 6yxna I{ T.iI. 3ru 6lxrn noAcraBJrllorcfl 3a'reMBMecro IIUQp r4.+rrrarorcr n o6paruoM iloPqAKe.) 24. Konn. (Ptrcar - 3To KoHb;KpoMerofo' KoHb - 3To c noprl.rRHbllicHaPnA.) 25. 785. I-intlpr'r rIocJIe cJIoBa "Czasunellll'> coorBercrB\ior
<)rLrca'>H <'Iec) 6,vxuair,rIl 3'l'oNI cJIoBe' Croga
a quQpr'I noco6pasonautr ua 61xn B cJIoBe
gope?(Ittn2"oqe+rO& ri.
*ft
IK
e-larq
kuHqrrrrro
tle HHX flBItsroTcfl rlnQpaun, coorBercrB)'IoilIllMl4 STHIVI <'rl13a'> 6lxravl B rrcxo.qHoM cJIoBe,ToJIbKo nocJle cJIoBa - 2' <'ilttca'> x ra:xgofi quQpe npu6astxetcx 1' nocle c"IoBa a 11ocnecJroBa..neco- 3.) 25. )K. (9ucno 61xn e atQasure, Koropble u,axoprTcs' |O Mory{y rocJleAoBatano*tot*"- 67t<samu,paBrlo 2' 4' 6' B' rla' v nooqepeAHo MeH'flercflBnepe4 u 12, aHarIpaBJIeHHe ol A ao -fl u or fl' Ao A)'AlnrepHa(r. e' 3aA no utQanury r{epeAyolul4ec'fi 6lxnu [epexoAflT Tr.rBHoeo6tscrtenne: v Ha rr,e BBepx; noutQasvry no BH!{3 no3krrfvrLl Ha ABe cJleaoBaretlbHocrb M, K' 14IIpHBoAI4Tr )K rarc K cneAFouieti 61'xne.) 27. 2. (VcxoAulttZ KplT AeJII4Tc'flrlononaM' a KBaApar rroBopaqzB?ercflna 45'H noMeilIaercq cBepxy non)'Kpyra. AnaloruqHo 6ol;utolZ KBaApar [elrl4"tcfl rlorroJlaM 6 noBopaql'IBaer cfl'H? 14nonf{ aerct t I ptl MoyI'oJIbrI HK' Porra Kponaeroto' 45' unovexlaercfl cBepxy np'f,MoyroJlb:ar4na' rxrp r4xoBKa ucxo guoia Qlzrypu y 1urfler cfl' u a nrop otl Q*t A uao6oPor.) ryPe, " 28. BO/IK' (61'xnlr ilepeA cro6xana ltBJlf,Iorcfl6lxnalru' Koropble n anQannre HerlocpeAcrBeHHo npeArlecrByor nepBr,IM gny* brx*aM B CJIOBeBHlnpH cro6or' a.6lxnnt ,roine cro6ox flBJlllorcs 6yxsatvtu,cro'fiull4Mtl n anQasure HenocpeAcrBcHHo nocJle 2 6yxs ctloBa RI{yl'pH cro6orc E cronr repeA B, H - rrepe4 C),M ll()crrc Jl' a II - nocre K.) 29. 1. (Kaxgltii rpecr cI{ap}D{I4KBanparariMeer3Har{epxgy: +3 - 1 : FIHeIIJIIOC1, nul'rprl - MHFryC1; B HLDKHeM = +2. CtenoBareJlbHo,orBel'oM 6yaer ABa Kpecra BHyrpH :nB^p'pa"ra.)
30.fon.
3L2. pr Hee Her npqMblxl'uoa.) J0; 12 * 16: 32.2.(BcecrpoKu Iz cron6qr'r /Illo'r Rcyl\{NIC
2.) : 28, noaroMy AJIqnoJTVaIeHHq .JOI tvrrt I() lll)l lt-)1ll]Il'l'b ( )l)ltoir pe)lt( lr cloult (Ocra-ilnulre 3 l)11:|l 33. llapoxoA. qI 4c B f l3 b l B a l o T c q c T p e M ' IHa I.IHOI{ a JIIIII( ) ( ' ,l,tIM lI:llcj\Ic| lK af
rpu5, a nerX,aHTltr{Hoc'I'b, }xoA no-artt,utr'tcKI t' ttllorlcxvtli' Her.) napoxoA 34. 52. (Bo nropofi {turype 'qvcila paBHbI ronotsI4He qHCeJl llcl)li()t'l tpltwpst; n rperreli coorBercrtsvloqnx
{
'1,
oHH B 2 pasa 6ollrue qvcer nepoolZ Qurypl-t. lloerouy = 52' nponyqeHHoe r{r'ICJIoAo.rDKHopaBHflTbct: 25 x 2 flosnr\vru r{HceJI He coortsgrcrB}ror Ap}'I' Apyry' ? c4Bvrrarorcr raxguli pa3 Ha oArry.) 45
t;
(lucna Wenv\ryl;earcTc{ Kail
BLIr{I{TeeTCf
.{HCIO, IpeAIIIeCTB]'IO
t\ee 9' t' e' 7
(9 o *uaaprre MHHyc 7 panuo 74. Wrfl nonf{eHul rpon.vureul{ofo qucJla 74 solso4urcq B KBaApar14L13pe3ynbraTa BbrqnTaercs40, [onwaerct{ 5436.)
s:.aperzat1ro"o."*t{ft
*frf %or.,r','qKdtso Tecr 3 i. 5. (Kax4lrit pas vrzqvcra sstqnraercq 5.) 2.Ca'l.:a.(V Hr'rxucl rolec.) 3. 74. Kaxg{oe qt{cro paBHo vABoe}{HOIvIynpeAr{HCtIV rIJlK)cI,2,3,I4, HaKoHeIr,4; no3TourecrBvrouleMy nr 35 x 2+ 4:74;) 4. llayx. (V rrero 8 lIor, a ocraJlbt{brxno 6.) 5. 4. (B ra44ofi fpynrle - 3 QurypsI: Kp)T, KBa/Ipar 14T'peyrOJIbI{HK; OAHa H3 Hux
qepFlas,
OCTzJIbH}rIe -
6e-
rue.) 6ra3ou,KorerroK,Ko6. Muus. (Ocra-nlulle)KHBorI:Ibre: pona.xnpaQ.) 7. C@EPA. 8.AOK.
qacoBoll 9. 6. (Cexlop IIc)tl()petlllllec'rctlr ta 90' nporHB crpcnKu I] IitllV()M c't'cl.tt6t1eI4 B lQ)IqloM pHA):) I0. l{. (Ecru ABa qepe,4}'Ioquxcq pflAa: R nepBo}I pflAy Bbr rrepeXoAl4're qepe3 I,2, 3 t't raK Aanee 6yxnsl BnepeA. Ilo BTopoM qepe3 I, 2,3 H TaK Aanee 61xeu rra3al\.llepefigx qcrpe3 3 6)xslr Ha3ai\or 3, sr't rroll"lnre.{.) 11. KaXuoe qucno paBlro npeArrecrBlrol4eMy' )"r'IHo: 33. )(eHHoMy Ha 2, uxnl'c 1; nosToMy 17 x 2 = 34,a 34 - I 12.4. g 6ennx oBtuIoB npl4Jlerauqrre c'rpeJIKI'IIlarpaBJIeHbI BnpaBO IIJIH BBepx; ). qeplll,lx - IIJI(:ll()ttJIl'I BIIH3' Ona-tr4 vepur'Irl, I{o ero c'tpcJIlill IIllllplll}Jlclllt ttsepx.)
1 3.
(Bepxlrlre svcra)tsenaqvBalorcrl lte l, .J,,1.5. tittxltue qncra Ha yABoeHFIbIeBeJIL{qI4I{bI,'I'. e. :1,6, t't. I ().) 14. 1. (Eclr rpu oqep'ral{Ht ronoll, 'I'pI4 'l'tltla llocots. pToB 146poeefi; K,a)KAOeBcl'peqaercx 1 pas B Ka){tlIoM pnAy r{ B K:I}KAOMCrO,r6rte.) 15.EOP.
16. 6op. (Cnoeo e croSxax cJI\DKHrcsflsxori Mex(4\' crroBorvlnepel.I cro6ranrz r{ croRoM rIocJIe cmo6or; oHo srOpOe.) MO)I(CT3aKaHi{HBaTL'IIepBOe CTIOBO14lHAlq,i/IITATb 17.19. (9ro6r,I ronyql4Tb rperbe ql{cJro B KalKAoN{pflAy, HaAOBbrqec'r'buropoe us ncpeoro.) 18. Mruuqux. (Bo BCex ocraJIbHbIX cJIoBax IIBe IrepBble 61'rou -flBrrrrrorcfl nocneAoB areJl bI IIINI H 61,'xna uu atpasu (MHIIHIIHH)SfOfO tter.) Ta; B C.nORe 19. KNACC. 20.Maput. (Mpxcrl.re LIMeHa:Po6epr, Benegaxr n Bacwtt'rh.) 2I. Cosa. (Cnono s cKo6l€x o6paaonalro rpe'rbuNll'l H BTopbrMr46lxnamu c,'IoB 3a cro6ranrt.)
22.Bec. 23.97. (flepexo4 no '{acoBoricrpeJlKerlo BocbMepKe,
\ra\+lHafl c 4; xaxloe qHCIo paBrlo y/{BoeIlIJoMy npeA- 1 : 97 .) rxecrByloqeMy t{t{cry MHHyc 1. 49 x 2:98;98 2 u 24.4. (\4rcu'ruqFlble Qllrypu: a'raxll(e 3.) T - rpeu'x 6v25.P. (X\ - nepRa.r 6yxna B ctoBe <,EBa>, KBa B cJIoBe <.qerblper, a P - nropafl 6vF.ea B cJIoBe (T'ptlt. Honrep 61xmr, TaKHM o6pasolt. BCefAa tra 1 ueusrue, rIeM oilpe/'lcnsercq cJtolloM.) 26.V 4.(H ttxtruc 61 ri nr, rr {lx( ) 4n'l'cqna4, 6. 8. H l0 6wt e Bbrrile no a-nQanuly or BepxHeii 61xnrt.) 27. 2. (3 HAeurHrrHbIe M'arIbIeQnryp;t cHH3y or 6olr,nrori QnrvpLI clarloBfl'rc.fi rrlaBlroii Qurypofr., a nepBoHaqairbHo ocHollllafi QIarypa ilpeBpaqaercx n J na-nr,ie Qurypbr, KoTopble Tellepb Irepexo,4sT Ha npoTt{Bonono)KHvlo cropoHy. Tprr ua-nue Qurypnt cnpaBa, cneBa v cBepxy ocHoBHor"r Ql.rlypu N{eFI;IK)TrIo3rIIl,}rH.
29.POT. crol6qe o6paeyercxnrt30. 20.(9uclo ll lrocJleAHen
r{HTaHr4eMl{3 qIrcJIa Bo BTopoM cro.n6qe qvula x' X- '{LlcJro, Ha KoTOpoe H\DI(HOJMHOx(uTb ql{cro B IrepBoM IJ:' 'TI g\
'ew
soPeaan-"oqn+n*rq
0{6r-o k..Hsrrrltrd r{r4crro Bo BTopoM crol6qe
4x6 = 2 4 ;24 - 4 =2 O .) I 1. IbprtaHur. (Bce ocraJlr'HblecnoBacBq3aHbIc u,A3raHyrflMul,lopeli: Kopa-nnonoeMope, Cenepuoe Mope, -fnoncxoe nope.) 32.5. (B Ka;KAoMpflW v B Kax{AoMcrol6qe ecrbTpv\Tuna rynoBulq (rpyrnoe, KBa,4parHoeH TpelronbHoe)' TpI4 THrraronoB (rarcxe Kplrnble, KBaAparHbIeH TpelronbHble), lpkr runaxBocroB (npxltoii, eorurzctull4 14KoJIer{KoM ),'rpkr Tr4naHor' (tuuei,tur;e, qepHble u 6elue). Kpoue rofo, ryJroBrzqaMory"t 6EIrt 6elttMu, qepHbll.r-rlH 3arrrpl4xoBaHfloetorury npoq,qeHnoli Qnrxp ofu nnaer cx 6.1 FrbrMr{. 33.M. (Ecnn .uvrtarb qepe3 1 61meyno qacosoll crpenKe, froJl) {aIOTCq CnOBa <.lpoMt 11.<rpuM>.) 34. 14. (Ecm 2 ps1$: ol\vtrr r43 qerHblx, Ap)'roft H3 Heqe'rrr brx q Hcc.n. D.ltcu c t rt'st KaxAoro p fl'Aa WewI r{HBalorct ga2 u Mermor ilo3uILHH, T. e. nepexoAflT BBepx kl BHw3.)
(Eyxnrt tsBepxTolcralol / Ip,vt' ()'l'/lp)l'a rro aJrpanlz'ryHa a l, nuu:-v Ha 4 s o6paruon noParxxe.) 36. To.no. (llepeue rp)mnbl I{MeI{ srlo6renrlslx or'craror Aplr or Apyta ua ), 5 v 7 6yxn; Vlpa u Toru npo4olxaror 3Tor pqA: Melvly VI uT - 9 6yxn.) 37. 5.5O.(llepnuIl pa3 oHa ono3Aarlasa 30 MnH, Bropori pa: - ma 3O + 50 uurr, rperlr,ft. pa3 - u:i 30 + 50 + + 70 rrr,rH,uereepmrfi pa3 - rra 3O + 50 + 7O + 90 ul.tt r4.HaKoHert,sa 30 + 50 + 70 +cX)+ I lo rrrilr.) rna71Iavepttt'tit tt 6c',tu,u)i 38. 1. (CrpenKa,Tpe)'l'oiIbFIHK parbr noBopaquBarorcx xaxgufi pa3 rr:t tX)'. Iipcr"r' tr Kpy)r(oKnepeMerrlalorcflTaKHMxe o6pasoM, Iro Kallglr'tftpa: Melrfllorcfl uect'avu.) 39. HI,IBOEPVIHHI4EPIAPOET\(lepnec, 3esc u Ano,rrorr - r'peqecxue 6oru,Ilerrcp:t - l)rrN{cKarr 6ot'uttsltr4ve-
na 6oroe sauraQpoaaHbr kr Morfr 6rtT r pacxpblTbl, ecJIH f{HTbrBarb ronbKo 6yrnsI, KoropblM npeAlrlecrB}'Io'r ffIac rfbre,He o6pas1'roulve 'uacrrr ux uueH.) 40.
no(Pxg uavuuaercr c I /2.llocle4poqr{e 3Har{eHa.fl Jryqarorc.flnpr4 cno)Kelal,Ela c 1,2,3 u 4 coornercrBeHHo. Kaxqqurl p$y/rtirar Aenvrcfl. sa 1 x l, 1 x 2, I x 2 x 3, 7x2x3x4.)
Tecr 4 L 12. (grtcla yMeHtrxarorc.sKa:(Aufi paa ua 6.) 2.2. (P1xu rroAHf,TbrBBepx,oryrrleFlbl Brlla3,Ha)poBHe rrJreq,roJlo sa 6enan, qepHafl wnu 3aLil'tpuxoBaHHag B KDKAoM pqAy cror6qa.) l. t{en6epreH. (Ou ne noar.) 4.69. (Karyloe qr{cJiopanHo yllBoe}{HoMynpeAblAyuleuy a 1, nooqepeAHo ttpu6awt-sellofi r4lru Bbtqw'raenofr a: peSylr,rara.) npl4MepHo Il2 5. Kne6er. (Bce ocrarbHbte Haxopn.Tcfl. ogHori rxupore. Kee6ex HaMHofo cenepuee.) 6. Apapar. (oTopneAoo,<..{uHaltoo,
10.]',POC.
OT Har{aJIa K I{OHII,V pflIA.)
-lD-^ S
-fl
al
o-,'arq
trt t oo n t r,'*'# r.iop@Pr kctl+srKuHc
I1. 2 n 4. (.I v 5, 3 u 6 o6pa:yor napbl;olua Qarypa nor) {aercqu3 gprn'oIZIloRoporoMrra 180'.MYt2 w 4 s'ro r rc BhlnoJIHnercn.) 12. 14. (Ecrt 2 qepeAyrotllllxc-s pflIa 6,rm;; n KaXAoM y'I.; nponycKaorcfl no 2 6r,xnlI;nporryc]HB 3tttr4,nolyurzna B KaIKAoIAra13.79. (Pasnntla MexqqvAByM.g\lLTclral'r.z. pe BceryapaBHa21. Hnxr:ee qLIcJIoBcefAa6olrure. Taxlrvt o6pasolt,58 + '2I :79) 14.POIIb. 15.ltrae I{ cvclaB. (C + lcran = cycran.) 16. 4. (B KallqqoMpsAV Bl'opoe qI4cJIo BL,IqHTaercqH3 7 -6= 1; 1 x 4:4.) nepBoroHyMl{o)Kaercn:aa4 17.Basap. (Bce oc'ralrbllblectloBa MoryI' 6ulr, o6pasoBaHbI H3 61'nn c,rona
18.TEK T
1 Q. N' lapr r , r r(.l{ lt t t o :tttc :Vttt: 6 p a II7 1 o . T e i fi o p , (rou4a u Baplto.) 20. NPEIMEI" 2 I . 1. (Ec'rr rpu (lopnr,I rprcselxxa ,'rpv Rr4AaKpbIJIbeB' oALIH, ilBa LrJrA1'pI4 Mecra R xa6aHe, a KpbIJIb.t - 6elsle' qepHble I{JIu 3alxlpp{xoBiiHllble. KaxIas Qopua Bcrpeqaelcfl ToJIbKo I pa: n Kax!4oM ptr[y tr B l(a;filloM crol6qe.) '22. Ilenrsh. (X(eHcxne I4MeHa - fapsn, Nlapun, Exarepv}j'a.) 11113pe3ynb23.21. (2 uuCna cBepq/ Irrll)eN'llt())K1tl()'l'ctl t) :27; \{LIcJt(). x 27 - 6:2I.) I HtDKHet: J Tal'a BbItrHTare-tcfl. Apyl 24. 4. (1 tt 5,2 w 3 ssnstrc:lcn AoIToJITIHTeJIbHbIMI4 Arq Apyla B Tpelrotlbr{HKax, Koropble 6elue n o4uoil SnqepHble n 4pyloli. 4 He coorsercrByer erori cxeue. rype a Kponae rofo, B lex Qurvpax A,Becropor+,r (cnpaBa 14clreBa or clpeJrru) 4onolntllor /xp,vf Apyra; s 4 olnrl oAHHaKoatle.) 25. 88. (9ucno n cno6xax u 'l llltlt:t firutl,lllc pa3lIIIIIbI MOKAYr{HCIaMH e'e Cno5Ox') 26. 4. (6oltura-a Qurypa nepeBopar{Hllec'l'ctl rl ItoMeIrlaercq cBepxy watoft Quryptt; MaJIafl(lrtl'\'pa c'rallolturcg 6orr,ruoh, a 6o]ilt'tttan -' Mlanoli4 3alxT'pHxonaHHaa cpnq/pa cTaHoRHTCrroAHorltserlI ct:i.,u uao6opor.) 27. VI. (Eyxnsr Bo BTotr)oMcro.rtfillet oSpaeyorcfl nyreM
[epexo,qa BBepx no alQanur).' cootBercrBeHHo s'a'2,3 lr 4 6y.xntr orHocI4T'eJItrIo 61'xn ilepBoro cron6ua. 6\xnst BTperbeM clor6qe o6pasyorcs ry/TeM nepexora BBepx no utQaswry otloc I4TeJIbHo61xl sroporo cro,r6qa coorBercrBeHHoua 3,4 u 5 61xs.9epe: 5 61xn or 0 uaxolluror I4.) 28.4. (R K'JxlloM pllly H R KDK/IoMcrol6ue ecrb oAHH O.4lIrIC 6enbtr'{rr asrorulo5nrlb co cnnoIrIHF,IMI'rKOJIeCaMH, KpecroM Ha Konecax.Moxer'6rnl 1, 2 nnu 3 tIIelao1r4:r.C JrvHa Kanore, Mor),n 6ttrr, geepxa H oKHo,ToJIbKoABepKa rrrrv tru roto H rII{ Apyroro. Moxer 6r'tln eule 3alJol\Hatr HH /rp}Toro. orser coorBerp) {Ka H KpbItIo :r^Jrzr.HrlTOrO, crByer' aroMv Ha6opy npnsrraxoe.) 29. 682. (9rac,ro B cxo6rax paBrlo noJIoBI'IHecyNlr'lbl qtlcer ra cxo6xann.) qa30. 1. (FoltntolZ rna4par iloBopaqnBae\cfl npornB conofi crpenKu xa;x4uii pa3 Ha 45". Kpecr H Kp)rKoKrIOHa ror x(e yroJl, FIono'racosoIl crpelre.) r'lopaqp{Barorcs 31. 9. (9ncro B Tperbeu cro,'l6qe o6pasvercq cno;(er{r4e}r qprcen B rlepBor'l }1 IlTopoM cro'u6qax H Br'IqHTarruel{ qvcJrar.r3IIocJIeAHerocro.rr6qa.6 + B - 5 : 9.) J2. Ky6pnr. (Bo ncex /lp)Tllx cnoBax nepRarlH rIocJIeAHax 61xna crer{\ror llp-\T 3a ApyroM no alQanury' B close " xv6pfixo oItH oAlIHaxouue.)
33.EEr.
34. T. (E1xebl,rpoql{TarllIbIe no'{acosolz crpe.nre, o6-
l1''') pa3)'lo'I CtloBo "ePCCTZI 35. 89. (Bce vtlcla cI{ap!}KIz AeJlqrcr rIorIoJIaM H pe3)'n r;TaTblc xI ar'lsls1rcrcs.)
36.
trl trl
(Crepxt' KDIvlbIa pa3 nporYCKaK)TCe ilpon)'cKalorcq 3,4.)
qA
2 61'rou. Cuzsy
sl:rpeauvt'l2"oou+\&
0{6ro kuHqKctFd
*
37. UEHT. 39.Tapac HnroJrbKa,(9zcno 6yrcnn HMeHaxpaawo5,5, 6. Y cnegyrcqefo rarcKe ,4oDKHo 6s.rs 5 6yrn. guclo 61xn n npeAMerax 5,6, 5; y cJreAyroqefo cHoBa AoJDKHo 6sns 5 6yrce.Erofi 3aKoHoMepHocrr,ryAoBnerBopser coqeraHr4e
39.
B3 bI
5>2
) KB > 3 o12 |I17>5
nn> 5
14.TKaxgas 6yxra B pflAy orcraer Ha HeKoropoe quclo 6yxs nonepeMeHr{o or Hasara H or KoHqa arreavur:a. Dro .{I4c,'rorraqr.rrraelcl J r.ryeelzr{HBaerclt ua 2, J,4, 5 tt, HaKorrerl, rra 6.) 40. II2. B raxgou rXoMHuoHH)KHeequcJro nonyqaercfl 113BepXHefO rrlTeM Ro3BeAeHH.rr efo B KBaApaT,Ae_ JIetrHeMna 2 u BbrrrATaHHeM H3 pe3vJrriTaraBepxHefo I{I,ICJIA.
Kna4par 15: 256;256: 2 = 128;l2B - tG= 7I2.) Tecr 5
1. NI.(llepexoA qepe3 2 6yxnr,rrro a,'rrplrrrrnl.) 2. [Iexcnup. (Bce oC,l'aJnrtrr,rc - xylloxHrlxa.) 3. 4. (CrpeJrKprrroBopaqutsaK)TcqHa 90" no .{acosoft crpenKe B KarKIoM pqAy H B Ka)KAoN,r ctol6qe u xa:xnxsit pa3 Tepflror no oJr{oMy nepy.) 4.75. (Kax4oe rruc.ro paBHo ),ZBoer{rroMyrpeAbrAyu{eMy a 1, noouepeAHo npu6an;nelroir r.un Bbrr{HTae_ lrotl. Tanult o6pasou, 37 panuo yABoeHrroMr'lg lruuyc 1, a75 pazno )'ABoeHHoMy 37 nnroc. 5. feltQHu. (.iJenrQuu- MJreli()ntr,r'lt()rrlcc, ()c,ra.rrb_ Hue pnr6r,r.) Man.{ecrep. (OcraJrbHbrefopoAa: Eepluu, N{a4plr4 .6ir AQnHu.) 7.'fyl-ra:.l'. (Cnono B cepeAurrer,rMeerr.o )KecaNroe3Ha_ r{eHue,qro rr cJroBac[paRa H cJreRa. furanr _ oro r:rrTa:l., TlaTal:- Harpeuarelr.)
'fl"
8.459. (Hauuuan c 4,raxgan uaQpa yanavmaercflvnooqepeAHo Bbrr{prraercfl,vrru npu6annaercn 1.) 9. 4. Qruu: KpyMbIe, KBaLparHbIe wwr rpelroJlbrlble, npo6op: creBl, cnpaBa HJII{nocepe,qurre.KaxAa-flra3npvMer Bcrpeqaercfl. 1 pas o Kalr<noMpflny v crol6qe.)
10.nHoH. rr.2 u 5. (r u 3,4 n 6 o6paeyor napbl, nocKonbl(yoAHy Qrarypy us gpyroii Mo)KHo noJryquTb noBoporoM Ha 90'; aro I{eBo3Mo)I(HoLrn 2 u 5.) 12.TOK. 13. LI. (Kaxgax 61xna rooqepeAHo nepexoAl'{TBBepx H BHr.r3no anQasury, npl4r{eMqI4cJIonpo[ycKaeuulx 61mn raxAsrrl pas y rBavtsaercfl.,T.e. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16. IlIecrHaAIlarofi 61xnor1or 3 qsrtercx 9.) 14.Batu oBar, 15.2. (Tpy6a Mor{er 6strr, cresa, cnpaBa HnH rlocepeAwHeu Mo)Ker 6urr 6eloli, vepuoti vnrr. 3a[fipuxoBaHnori. B nepxueli KoMHare Mo)Ker 6rttl 1, 2 uttu I orua, aABepb Mo)I(er 6ttt' cresa, cnpaBa HJII4 nocepe.4nHe. KaxArni npH3HaK Bcrper{aercn I pas B KaxAoM psAy a crol6r1e.) 16. 3. (lIepcMHo)KHTbquQpu B nepBblxAnylrcrol6qax v. pa3nert4Tb npoH3Be,qeHHeHa qprcJlo B r{eTBepToM cro,r6qe; nor).^{HTcqqHcro B TperbeM crol6qe. 5 x 6 : 10 =
= 3.)
17. Orc. (Bcert STHM cJIoBaM Mo)Ker npeAlrlecrBoBarb cJroBo <xol>.) crloBa: KpoKoAI4n, cBepqoK 18. Kaxao. (Oc'rallHtIe naKyila.) trr4cra sHITPH KpyroB H pa3Ae19. 14.(llepeuHoxv"t'b I{HCJIO C,leea.) rLl't'b HA
20.rrurc.
2 I. 5. (LhrrcIorcfl .IIBeI lapbl pHc).HKoB: I u J, 2 u 4. O gua gppoli rloBoporor{ Ha 180". 5 He Qzrypa nory{aerc.fl zs cxeue.) eroil coorltercrBYer 22. BEPA. (Elrtnr'r nepe/{ cxo6xarru, n o6patrona nopqAKe, -rrBJlflIorc.s 2 nocle1:e.zv.w 6ynnauu ctloBa e cro6Kax' CeAr,uas 14tuecraq 6irxnr,I ar'$azwra, pacnoJloxeHHble a o6panroM noplAKe, Aalor flepBble 2 61xnu cJIoBa
@
*fu
soperzatq't"oo"*Z*
Q4Lrctku,tsrxuFo e o6paruoM noplAKe, .4alor rreptsbre2 6r''lcsu cJIoBa <.Bepa,>.) 23.I nazro,roropuri HaxoAVTCqs [Iourasgnn. (Ocra.rrlHbreropoAa: KapazQQ, .IIoH.iloH,II nnepnyirl N OxcQop4.) 24.Ct<ar.(CzuroH- 31'ocKar, a cKar B pa3roBopHofi per{H o3rraqaer noripuluixy.) 25.4. U Hcc.KaK14)'ocrarbrlslx Qlrrl'p,4 nplrtnte rnrlum.) 26. 63. (Ka;r4oe rrHCjIO yABaLrBaeTCfl, r R pe3yJIrjTaTV npu6astnercq 1.31 x2=62;62+t:63.) 27.
(HauuHa-ncl vttI,6lxnnr o5pasyror p.aAbl,B Koropblx ilporrycxalolc.a 1, '2u 3 Syxst;.Dru 4r.ap.flIa BBepqr larHla3y IIOMHHOMerIflK)Trro3Lrr\vvtctle,r{1/lolrlHno6pasolt: I, E' 3,i,lu ii,I, O, T.) 28. Onan. (Cnoeo e cxo6xax o6paayercfl H3 rlepBblx 2 6yxu, B3.nrbrxe o6paruon nop.flAKe.cJIoB,I{axoAlIII,HXcr sa cxo6raun.) 29. 6. (I1..:axnttfirpe1,'rolbrlll t{ t\{( ))ic'l' C)LI'l'l,(lc.ltt'IM,3aurrpI4xoBaHHbIM H.IIHc lpcN{tr Jl}ltttlrlMH ull}'l'pa. Ou uo)r{er 3a}srroqarb B ce6e nnagpar, Kplr I4JIL{ropH3oHTaJIb6n,rl H)'ro BocbMeprcv. Hanporus cro6KH y Hero lroxel Mox(er HaKpecr, oRal' HtH Huqefo. Kpoue roro, cxo6Ka npoilFUeHlloerony xoAHTbcr ua no6oir I43 ero cropoH. Hlrfi rpeyrorrbHuK MolKHo yclaHotsI4Tr,. )
30.I{OC.
3I.kl. (Ecttt npoql4Tarb 6l'icsr,t npollrlR qacoBOI"Ic'rpt:n-
KH, nOI V r { H T C f l
C n O tsO "HIIIO3 H( ) l
1 .. )
J'2. Crpenorc.(Bo Bcex ocraJlbltblxcJl()n:txuo .J tlacurrx.) or npcAbl/Iyrqeti ua .{Hc33. y (KaNqan 6lrr..sayila.neHa Mexqy arznn 61xJro,BABoe6oruuree sLrclra,\aKa3aHl{ot"o fro3ToMyfr nwrse'rcset)ct,lrori (2 x 4) no cuery 61xtsaNru; noii, HaulrnM c B, a V qnrtt{sl'ot I| |('(-l( )t-t( 2 x 3) 61xnofi or H.)
34. 11. (Ct'trrua qucer B KaxlIoM I43 Tpex KBaAparoR paernelcx 20.) 35.35. (9nc.no R TperbeM pflAVo6pa3verctt tl)"reM BbII{ITTAIil4tr v3 t]^vCJIA BO BTOpOM p'IAy
)'ABOeHHOTO
qHC"Ia
B nepBoM psAy) 36.3. (nplz nepexoAe or nepeoi Kap'rI'IHKHKo BTopoH HA IrepeBoparrKBaK)"|Cfl qeTbrpepHC.)T{Ka B ),'rnax KB'aApaTa rtoMex1aerKBaApar o/{rr,vno3l{tlulo no'{acoeolz cl'peJlKe,a crr Brn4pb pou6a; pl4cylrKl4R)TJIaxpoM6a nonopavnBaro'I'cfl Ha oAHy no3nqrzx-rllporl{B qacosoft clpeJIK4 a pon6 ilepeNreulaelcs BHy'rpb KBagparz.Iloloxeune pou6a ts KRaApare qacoI|itarpen'eh Qilryprr cHoBao6parHoe' I4 tlotsopor tlo pa3) etrle noil crpelxn pHcJ4{KoBB)rlrax BL,InoJlruiglcfl 37.I46appypn. (Hauatr'ltlte 6\xeH Savunufr 3TL{xJIIo)K, Acr c/lBnralorcr IIa ABeno3rrlIl4n no a-nQanul1l:6, I E, 14.) rrooToMy c-rregyouleli 6y,xer 6yxza qI4cJIa,{RJlax)TcfiTperb}rMI'I 38. 1862. (tsce oc'ralbHble cre[eIUIMH9,11,8, K KoropLIMnpn6aueHo 10') r{I'I39.1560. (Hr'rcnaBIIH3yno,'-IvqalorcflLI3KllaApa'loB qlrcen' Koropblx I43 KaxAoe ce.n24,32,40, T. e. I43'I'pex 6oru,rue npe/IblllFrlero Ha B' I4s srllx KBaAparoB BbIr{I4qHcJIo' T' e' Taetc-aB t'r pe:l'nlT ar yMHox€ercfl IIa BcpxHee x (5 B):1560') na3,4H 5 iooreel'crBellHo.240 40. 216. (Ka4loe I43 tlplcer cIIaplDKI4l'peyroJlbrlnxa r{Bl.rrercqroqTu KBaAparoM.Tax, B4B paBr{o xsagpary 29 7 ;957 paBl{o KBaApary3 1 nnroc-6: 489 patsHOKBaArr.rrvJc paw 22 nnrclt !. flepe-uHoxut's7 x 6^x 5, sr't nor\^{Hre r{HCiIoRTpe,vfolt.rme. r" e. 2 10' 680 : 25 + 4; 7 38 = 27 + 9; 582=24+6;6x4x9=216.) Iect 6 Kpyr' KBaApar I'I lpe)'TonbHI"IK' pflAy ecrb 1. (B rca;r4oM BH}"rpeHHefi B KaqecrRe Qurypbl' TaK H B KaKaK nprlqeM r{ecrBenneurueti.) qepe3 TpH ro3u2. O. (6gnr,r nepexoAtrr no alQanuTy qun.) cpeAri I'eHe3. Helscou. (Ou eAl{Hcl'BeHrtrtfia4uupaJl paJIoB.) 4. 20. (lloouePe4rloe IeJIeltne
noflolaM
vABoeHrre r4 Bbrr{HTaHne 4 vlu
H cJIoxeIlrl"
*')
-lL.-..
S -lL JL
o-,'qre
s^pe*.,rt-",-,.nkrbfl kuHgKtIHO
5. Ptaxma.(Ocraluuue - cyAa pa3nvr{Hblx rnnoB') 6. KeHrypy. (HIa 4paxotra, HV cQuHrca, Hrz rpr'rQoHa B rpHpoAe He clulecrByer.) 7.IJJ.afii
saua6.7 - l:6) I 5. KnAI. Ha 4, cpegHue 16. 17.(Bepxuue svcra )tseruqprBaK)Tcr{ Ha 5. ru,rxrluena6.) 17.Topr. (Bce ocralbHbre cJroBarvrowr 6lrru o6pasonaIlbr H3 6)xs crosa "aKccneparop',.) 18.qAIZI. psny v Kax(A,oM 19.2. (ll Kalt(A,oM uMcct'cg no c'tt.r-rt(rt1c rpz Qoplru Hoca,)xa, r;ra3an l, 2 utu 3 Bonoc:I.Kaxvla.s pJrAy',u no4Qopua BcTpeqaercrrro.[bKo 1 pa: u Ka-l{rAoM xoA.rrqas xolr6u u aqu fl Eaer o'r'c)/rcrByroqulZ npoQant..l 20. Magpvrp,xoroplrft HaxoAHTcfls tr4cnaur4u.(Ocra,rtHHe ropolla: t{HKaro,Eocrorr r.rI}ltrrrrrrrr"Iou.)
21.7. (Cloxvt'tbrl'vrcra
BBepxy cneBa I4 cnpaBa lapa3l\e'
rrvrbHa 3. 16 + 5 = 2l; 2l : 3 = 7.) 22.3. (Tont Ko y rlee Her Beprl4Kurcuoh ttuuvtvt) 23. IIyna. (Cnono e cro6Kax o6paaoeauo verneproft l,rrperuefi c KoHIIa 6)xsaMu cJIoB3a cxo6raull') - 3To saAepx€Hue' 24.tlpusog. (npueog B MI'IJII4III{Io a B MexaHA3MaXnpHBoA - 3TOnepeAaqa SFIeprHI'I') 25. 3. (Orzryplr c npxuoli nulnueh 3aIIrrpI'IxoBaHbI BBepxy;ocTaJIbHble- eunsy) 26. Nrc6arpoc. (OcrarbHr'Ie: Tr'Irp, KpbICa' MaMoHT Ijflryap.) 27. 35O.(C;oxrarr, 2'ilacra ga cro6rauw v pa3ilerrnTb nonorau.) 28. E)?A 29.422. (Bce ocra;rbHbleqHcra AenflTcflsa9') 30. 1. (B KDI(AoMp.flAyecrb ogua 6etax paMKa,onua 3arxrpl4xoBaHHas n oAr{a qepHaa. Ceeplry paMKH' a raxt(e BHyrpH ee Haxo.qrlTcr QvIrypr,l rpex ranon' BHy"rpeHHue qepHble, 6elrte H 3alrrrpl'{xoBal{Hble'llporryQrErypsr uleHuuli pHcyI{oK Haxol\LrTctr, ecrn 3aMerHTb, KaK}rx npH3FraKoBHer Ha nepBblx AB\x Qurypax B reptsoM ptAy') qHcJIo 31.22. (YuHoxurn qncro B nepBoM crol6qe Ha trHcJIo npola3Be/lerrr4fl' I'r3 Bo BTopoM cron6qe I4 Bblqecrb : : 22') 2 no nropou cron6ue. l'2 x 2 24;24 Hx no32. Esla. (Eeppca 61xelt, coorBercrBlroulrle :'2 n o6parnon ut" A') HoMepy (r. e. A: 1, E pqAKoBoM,v nopx4xe.) qerblpe Ho)KKH') 33.Paasa[yurxa. (Y ocraJlbHblx no r{Hcra cnpaBa v crer.a or rpewoJlb34. flepeuHoxo'IT'b Ha qHcro noA TpeyfoJrbtlB.jiLrKav pa3Aenlll'b pe3-vJlFjraT non. B x 12=96;96 24:4) pacnonox(ella 35 U $axg1aq 6lxBa B TperbeM c't'ol6qe 6)tna v 2 pasaAa;lbureor 61'rcsuBo BTopoM crol6qe, 'reu nepBoM uo uiopo* crol6rle or coorBercrnyouleli 6yxnr'I B u c'ron6qe. Mexc:IyO H C - 2 61'xnlt, a MexAy C U 4') qHcJIa- lr.tsa4pa"tbl) 36.78. (Bce ocralbHble or nepxHefi no alQaenorcraer 61xna J7.lli. (Huxunl nepxHeti' or fiecnrori 6y<nofi nocJle 61xs rv na +, 6, b lr 10 O xr.ruercl lII.)
o{6rq ftf
9.;g1q4-ItrrttlfY)(z
r _-.ne+r>,*,4
ru*qKilHo
38. 67. (Kaxpoe qucJro yABar{BaercrH K pe3}uFl'ar_\'' npu6azttercarrocreAoBareJrbHo 1,2,3 ur. 1. 2 x 32:64; 6 4 + 3:6 7 .) (Hanr.tunrer{aAnepnsrmu10 39.XpucroQop KorynaS. 6lxnaun anQastmaquQporor 0 4o p;6yrnan E36B cool'gerclByer qHcno 1812, cnxeaHr'roe c IvI.tr4.K),"r)zsosrrN{. E1'rnauEAI{B coorBercrBye'r1492- roA orxpurzx Auepuru Konyn6ovr.) 40. 1152. (Vr,tuoxr,ITb rrucJro BHH3y Ha KBaApar r{Lrcra cJreBah pa3l\eJlr4'tb Ha uHCJrocnpana.)
Tecr 7 1. E. (Kaxga-fl [ocJreirlyrcUar{ 6yxna ilepecKaKr.rBaer gBe no3urlHl,z'Ha:tal\no a,r@aeury) 2. Coxpa'r.(Ocralrntre - KoMnosuroptr.) 3. 16.(llnQpr)r rrooqepe,rlHovuorr{qxBarolcrr rurrl yMeFrbrxaK)TCrrta *2, - 3, +4, -5; 19 - 3 : 16.1 4. I\lalpt'q. (Kax4srri r13ocraJrbFrbrxlopoAon pacilonoxteH rrpuMepHo rla l0'rcxnee noclegyrorqero.) cK],r{ca,THr'5.llocr,. (Ilocn KplrrHee Jreo[ap,qa,caf.rran
13. 256. (9ucna n nepxHefi qacru Kax4oro AoMrzHo xaxgt tft pa3 y[BavBarorcr, s unxHefi qacrr{ - Bo3BoA-flTKna4par'16: 256.) crr tsKBa/Ipar'. 14.KOJr.
15.borz.
pruy paBHocyMMeqr{16. 5. (Kaxaoe qucno B HH)KHeM ceJrB BepxHeMH cpeAHevrpflAax Mr.rHyc1. 5 + 1 - I : 5.) pfl4.l/Ll cro.n6qe ecru 2, 3 vnn 4 xole17. l. (B Kalr
20.TvK.
21. Crpenr6a. (Per6u, Qyr6or H rlono * KoMaHAHbIe nrprr.) 22.26. (Cnoxrarn -uucilaBepxHeeH Hn)rsreeH Rbrr{ecrb qncra flpaBoe r{ resoc.) 2J.2. (TonsKo )i BTopofi Qutypu l{er HH oArrofi 3aMKHyroir qacrn, oKplDKeHHoli xpnsutun vml r'ptrv'brwr4JrlaHiHflMLr.)
24. [OPT. (Cnoeo s cxo6xax o6pa3yercx ns m'opoti lr rperreii 61xu clon sa cro6xalur.) 25. IUIIIUKA. (B pa:roroptloft pequ rIHnIxorZ naeltBaK)TH cr4HqK,a 5vrop.) 26.3. (Ha uerl ecrt KpHRbIerr4Hr4v,Ha ocrlult'Hltx uer.) 27.XOE\. 28.
(9uc.na .vBeJIHqHBaIorc.fi Kaxgsrl'i pa: ua 4, a 6yresl - qeTBepTafl, BOCr'M2UI, 4neHa{qaral') COOTIIe'l'C-l'IleI{FlO
@
*loperzart'""aqe<4
o-t&nq ruuqKLlHo
29. 662. (9zcno e cxo6rax o6paayerca cJIo)KeHpIeM ,4Blx r{Hcer sa cxo6aMn H yABoeHHeMpe3ynbrara.2l4 +
+ rr7 : 331:33rx 2: 562.) 30.nllxKA.
31. 4. ((Durypa B nprlMolronbHnKe Mo)I(er 6url rpenoJr)t(py'roMulrv sorHofi L{Mo)Ker 6url 6e)To.rrbHHKoM, lorZ, vepHoitutlu 3a[rrpl4xoBannofr,. Kpp*cox BBepxy Moxer 6ms crrpaBa,ctleBaHnu ilocepeAlrHe, arplr crpenlu Morfr 6mr pacnoJroxerrbl B Tpex HanpaBJleHu.sx.lloetoMy nponyueuuofi Qnrypoli AorDKeH6Hrr' eailrpuxoBaHuufi nonprpyr c KpIDKKoMB ,IIeBoMyrny v oAHoIZcrpenueao.) xoli nnpano H AByMTI 32. 197. (Bce ocra-nbHbleqvctla flBIrflK)'tcflr.Ba4parauu, I97 - ser.) 33. 24. (Brrvecrr cyMMy t{nceJl B AByx nepBblx cror6qax u3 r4x rrpov3Be,qetun. (6 x 6) - (5 + 6) = 24.) I4lu 18. (llcpnoe qucno rurrocyABoeHHoeBTopoe.) 34. Egunopor. (Bo Bcex ocraJIbHbIXcJIoBax nepBafl H nocneArurqfJracHbleo4uuarontte,) qncJlo u Bblrlecrb 2,3, 4 35.23. CAsonru npeAL,rAyrrlee u"r.n. 2 x 14 : 28; 28 - 5 = 23.) klnu 22. (Cloxarl 4Ba npeAlllecrBlronlax -uvcra, Lr3 pe3yrlbTATaAr,IueCt 1.) 36 Il (Ecrs 2 pnga, HaquHarorqvecfl c B er H coorBeTCTBeHHO; B Ka)KIOM,4JI'noryr{errHr{OrtcpcTlrrofi6yxBbr nponycxarorc.rr 2 6.vxnr'r.flpottvcrt 2 6vrs flocre YAaer U.) 37.tIut<. 38. 39. (9ucra nonepeMeHHo ,vBeJlnqraBalclcflHa 5 u yrueHurrarorcsaa 2.) 39.25. (Ka41ax H3 TpoeK o6pasyercr il-\TeMBo3BeAeHHJ{orXHoro r{3 r{Hcen B KBaApar H AeneHr4nero na 2; ocraJrbHbre2 uucta, 6vgy.ru nepeMrlo;reHFrrrrMH, Aaror ror )Kepe3ynbrar.llorosuHa KBaApara32 panrrr 5l 2. v'r'opaerro 16 x 32. llonoBuHa KlaApara -lt'lJ):utrr:lI |51, .r'r'o[tasrro B x 144.llorosvlr^anBa4para:10paurrau(X),.r'rr) l)lnrro 32 x 25, no3ToMVrponyxleHrroe qr{cJropaurio 25.1 40. G. lon1cnaerc.rr raKlre ortser 2. (CoorsercrB\lt;ultrc 6,r'xnu u rluQpu: ABCDEFGHI ] 46c)15827OJ.)
Tecr 8 1. )K. (6yrnbr nepecKaKuBaror qepe3 Tpvr rro3Lrr\vrv BBepx no a.uQanury.) 2. Anrycr. (B ueu uer 6yxnu op>.) 3. 2. (tlepua.s. rrr4uur raxgsrri pa3 rroBopa,untsaercfl.Ha 90' no qacosorl crpeme.) 4.21. (KaxAoe r{HcJropaBHo noJroBHHenpeAbrA}'rrlero ruroc 10.floroshua22 paBHa11; 11 + 10:21.) 5. ilasus. (E4uucroeuHarr MoHapxuqecKa.scrpaua.) 6.Carm. (B ouzvze or Kapra, Talrc:,z', caMoKaravBarouay caueir Her rolec.) 7. fllra*txa. (llrraHxa - DTo ro )r(e,vro perZxa, a raKxe o3Haqaer npeAeJrBo3Mox(HocrelZ.) B. @OPT. 9.6. (Aurypbr BTperbeM pagy o6pasyrorcq ns 6olt'urNx qactef' Qnryp Bo BTopoM pfl[y Lr wurofi qacrr Qnrypn tsnepBoM px4y. IUrpnxoBKa qepeAyercr ilo pqAaM.) 10. 35. (llpu uepexoAe ro .{acoeorl crpeJrKeKalKAoe qHcro npHHr4MaeT 3H2qeHUe,paBHoenpeAbrAyrrleMyqHCJry,yMHoxeHHoMy sa 2 n yMeHbrxeHHoMyrtz 3. 19 x 2 = = 38; 38 - 3:35.) 1 1.4. (1 tr5,2u 3 o6pasyol napbr.Onu noeepHy'rblorHocuTeJrbr{o,IpyrApyra rra 180".Yepnr'te u 6enr;e .uacrLr. ery cxeuv) Merlrrrorcf MecraMH.4 ue nogxo{HT tlo7:r, 12. K. (EynnbrBo BTopou clol6ue .tlBrslorc.trperseti, eropoii H qerBeprofi 6lxnarta orllocurenruo 6yrs B repsolr c'r'or6qe. B't'peltem crol6tle 3TH FIoMepa\n'poerlbl, 6-Yxnr'r,a rtopqAoK T.e. 3To iler.g'I'aLulecra.fi H.q,BeHaAIIataR orcqera no utQanrt'n'o6parnbrr.i. flneHa4qar:rx 6lxna or L{ x o6parnoM ropflAKe - aro K.) 13.47. (Pa:4enurr' rronolaM BepxHeequcro unpu6aRHTbHtI)Krree urtc;to.)
r4.Elrb. 15.6ofi wc6ofr..(C + 5ofi: c6ofi.) 16. 4. PasrrlrrlaMe)I(AyrIepBbIMH2'aucnaLru Bo3BoAHTc.rrB KBaApar,u norla{ael'cl rperbe r{ucro. 6 - 4: 2, Ktsagpat'2 paaeu.1.) 17. Koclt. (Bccu 3lHM cJIoBaMMox(er rlpeAlxecrBoHlt r, nllctlllN(
, . '1 H " . )
slPelzart'o"o-t"*e=f*
*frf a{arq
Lafl v.3 o"tvtxl\eraIretZ ncrpevaercq rorbKo I pas B KaxAoM pfl[y r4BKaxqAoMcrol6qe. I4 3To onpe/IeJlter rou6unarlr.rrcAeraJlefi npony'rqe HHoro ApaKoHa.) 2O. Magpn1. (Ocralr'Hble lopoAa flu3a, Mrlau, @lopeurlnx.) 21. 35. (llepenrHoxurr, 3 qIzcra cHapy)KHTpe\ToJIbrIHKa w pa3l\enwrs ua 2.) 22. 3. (Ha pnc,vur<e 3 6olee qerblpex 3al,lKHyrblx o6nac'reft.) 23. 219. (gucrIo s cxo6ax z J pasa 6ollure pasHI4IIbr MeXQI/ qI'ICJIAMIIerte CXO6Ott.) - 3To 3JleKTpr{qecnlaltr pa3pfl'L. 24. Motnvtx. (Moluua a raKlr(e wr4 saclexxn.) 2 5 . l . (Muu !-rH arl crpenKa nepe Melllaercfl KaXAbIl4 p a3 ma 5 tvt:.tttlr,a3a[\, a qacoBaq - na 2 v enepe4.) 26. ll. (61xsrr o J pxgax, npoqnTaHHr,te n o6parHoM noprrAKe, o6paayor c,rloBa:cpoK, fpor n npon.)
(61xra cBepxl,'qBJ'nrercJr verseplofi 61tcnotl no orl{orxeHr4roK flpeAbrAyqefi. nrrpr:y - TarcKevernep'rofi. rro n o5parHou roprylKe no arQaenry t{el'nep'ral (ryxna nepeAH-atoIZ.) 28. Ta6y. (Clono s cro6xax o6pasouarro 2 rrpe7lrrocneAFrr{MH 6lxnalru cJroB3a cro6xauu.) 2C),POCT. 30. 381. (tsce ocrarbHbre qr4cJlal\entrrctrHa 3.) 3I. 27. (llepenrHoxtaTb repxHr4e v lr'ux
3 2. | 5 . (Ecrr, ABe qepeAvloilIl{ec.s [ocne^oBareJlbHocl'H ql4ceJr. B o6er.rx vr4clra vBelHr{HBaK)TCq Ha 2, gatew sa 3, 3al eM sa I w r. g. 1 I + 4 : 15. ) 33. fl)'cx. (Bcert ocrarbHblM cJIoBaM MolKer npeA[h npI{CTlnKa .nPo'.) llIeCTROlle 31.4O8. (9ucno n cro6rax paBlro yARoerIIIoH pa3Huue qucen sa cxo6xanu;648 - 444:2O4;2 x 2O4: 408')
35.POK. 36.2. (B Ka;(AoMpflAy 1 H3 KoJIeII6eloe, I :amrpnxoBaHHoe,1 vepnoe; 1 r'peyronrFluK B cepeAHHe6elr,tli, 1 :aurrpnxosauur'rli, 1 vepuslli; oTpe3oK,Top'IauIHrZI'13 nooqepeAHo npaKpenJrerr r xaxAori ug 1'pe)4'oJrbHr.IKa, OAIIVH3 cTopoH; 2 Quryprt cHappKt4KonbILa3aHHMaIOT rpe6onaHzfi ?'rr.Ix Aaer npaTpex no3HII uft . KoNr6uuar\utr Bulrbrroepeuieuue.) 37. 9. (L) He flBnrercfl
llpocl'blM
qI{c,rIoM: oHo AenI4TCfl
ua 3.) 38.35.(9ucla nooqepeAHoyMIIoxQIorcsHa3u [ensnc s s a ' 2 . 1 2x J : 3 6 . ) K2K 39. ALIJII4I/r3B. (oB616sKo orl{ocz'I'cq K 1'11p1366'> qepe,qllorcs c .r[py(Bepx,> K <.nH3'>.Eyxnlt B arux cJIoBax rzuu Syreaulr.) l-fipnry 10.29. (9ncla o6pa:yor 2 uepe4yorunxcflptqa' HaqHHael'cx c 260; r{Hcro B IreM paBHo rIpeAbIAVrueMy' : 58; yMeHbrxeHr'{oMy IIa 4 u leleHt{oMy I{a 2. 62 - 4 58 :2: 29. npytofi prrx o6pa3yercfl Iq/reM AeIleHllA npeAblAyulefo \rncrlx nonolau.)
l-lpeo6paaoBaHheoqKoBB Ratrrefo KI4 orlrer;re Ha6paHl{oe qlzc!,-ru nolyrellnq Jro or{KoB Ha rpaQr'rxax. TIOMeIIIeHHLIX Ha cJIeA}roIIleIl crpaHI{IIe. lI pone4ure fiptrMylo BeprI'rKaJIbH]'n n HHr{Io,qo nepeceqeHus c HaKJIotrHoli nuwuel1''To'ma Ha BeprHKaJIbHori ocn, coorRercrRyloulafl ToqKe nepeceqeHl{t' Iroxaxer BaIU KI4. B KaqecrBe npnMepa Ha K'axAoM rpa(ure paBHoe 10' coorr.{nJrlocrpupyerc.fl Koruq".luo SqKoR' L .-^tv
-v\
.^r
"{&ra
kcrHgKdYrcr
COAEPXAHhE
BercrB)'roqee KI4, paBHoMy 100. OqeHxn ror{Hbl B cJIe-
A}/IouIux npeAerax:
BBEAEH14E
O.ucr
Tec:r
\
CB OI / MM O 3 T O M rn A B A1 . 3 A ilME MCg
1,2
10
22
3,4
9
21
/x
7
rg
5
11
) 2,
Bne erux npeAenoB quQptt He cneAyer c.lla"rarbcIrLilu'KOM HA.IIE){(I{bIM},I.
Tecr 6
Tequ 3,4
KI4 150 145 1,10
r35 1J0 125 120 lli ll0 105 100
'1.1. Mosr h hHreflneKr. '... N,losr 1.2.L{err,rKopMl4Tbceoft 1.3. HecronbKocoBeroB noo6pauleHnocMo3roM
20)2 2.126 28
^0
l{t1
KH
150 1,15 140 1J5 ljo 125 120 11i ll0 t05 100 ()j
r 5o 1.10 l.l5 ll0 I25 1.20 lls ti0 105 100 ()i ()o
go I
1 820221+
a2
6 8 1 0 1 2 1 .+1 6 l rJl 0- 222{
rnABA3. Bl4Abl14HTEIIEKTA... 3.1. OrasilqecrnilrnrenfleKr.. 3.2.9yacreeHsutihHreflfleKr 3.3.CercyanuuutirHrenneKr 3.4.TaoprecrrftrnrenneKr. 3.5. Cour,ransHltilnxt enreKr'. 3.6. BospacrnofinsrenneKr. 3.7.InqFtocrHufinurenfleKr..
l{ 161u2 0222,12628J 0J 2
. '.. '41
. ' '..153 '. " " 157 .. " ' " 160 . " " " 168 ..""'171 " " "177 " " " '192 " " " 193
BI/3MEPEHIAWIAHTEfiNEKTA. 4.1 . t{ro h3Mepcor recrbl l4HTenneKTa 4.2.KronphAyMblBaerrecrbl'''''''199
'' 194 " " " 194
.' ]4HTENNEKTA rNABA 5. PA3BI4TI4E 5.1. Hefipo6ura.CAenaeMMupepr{e" 5.2. Kar pa6oraer neftpo6nra
' .248 " ' ' '248 " " "251
I-flABA6. PONb hHTENflEKTA B X143Hl4il Sn3HECE
( , fi loII
... .5 . '... '..30
rIABA 2. t{TO TAKOE]4HTENflEKT, . ' . 64 14v BCEXnil OH ECTb. . . . . . . . . 64 .. 2.1. Karpa6oraerMo3rqenoBeKa .'... '. '71 2.2. Moxr-ronhn3Mepurbl4HrenneKr . . . . 94 . . . . t1 MID(t{l4H 2.3.AatenneKTyxeHu-ll,1H ..107 .. 2.4.V|nenneKrhpacoBblepa3nilqhe'.. . ' 118 2.S.VlatenneKrnHacneAcrBeHHocrb... ''
ncnonb3vEMblE rrABA4. TECTbl,
95 (x)
.....'. 5
INABA7. TECTHA IQ . T.l. Tecr BercnePa 7.2. KoeQQrqileHrilHre1leKra(Kt/) " M '41 fl
262 . . '271 ' "271 " ' 313