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eginning B : s ic n o Ph Sounds he word t t a k o o L the text d a e R . e climat ds ther wor o d n fi d an e the sam e v a h t s tha sounds a g in n in beg climate.
Level: M Word Count: 301 100th Word: and (page 11)
Tips on Reading This Book with Children: 1. Read the title.
Predictions – after reading the title have children make predictions about the book.
2. Take a book walk.
Talk about the pictures in the book. Use the content words from the book as you take the picture walk.
Have children find one or two words they know as they do a picture walk.
3. Have children find words they recognize in the text. 4. Have children read the remaining text aloud. 5. Strategy Talk – use to assist children while reading. • Get your mouth ready • Look at the picture • Think…does it make sense • Think…does it look right • Think…does it sound right • Chunk it – by looking for a part you know
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6. Read it again. 7. Complete the activities at the end of the book.
Studying Weather and Climates by Conrad J. Storad Science Content Editor: Kristi Lew
www.rourkeclassroom.com
Science content editor: Kristi Lew A former high school teacher with a background in biochemistry and more than 10 years of experience in cytogenetic laboratories, Kristi Lew specializes in taking complex scientific information and making it fun and interesting for scientists and non-scientists alike. She is the author of more than 20 science books for children and teachers. © 2012 Rourke Publishing LLC All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher. www.rourkeclassroom.com To Meghan. Never stop teaching! -- CJS Photo credits: Cover © leonid_tit, Plechi, firtad, Cover logo frog © Eric Pohl, test tube © Sergey Lazarev; Table of Contents © vichie81; Page 5 © Regien Paassen; Page 6 © rickt; Page 7 © Malte Pott; Page 9 © Jan Martin Will; Page 10 © Kevin Carden, Ari V; Page 11 © Armin Rose, Stephen Coburn; Page 12 © Eder, huyangshu; Page 13 © Daniel Loretto, Pi-Lens; Page 15 © Anton Prado PHOTO; Page 17 © Tony Campbell; Page 18 © lafoto; Page 19 © Dean Kerr; Page 20 © United States Air Force/Bo Joyner; Page 21 © Carolina K. Smith, M.D. Editor: Kelli Hicks Cover and page design by Nicola Stratford, bdpublishing.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Storad, Conrad J. Studying weather and climates / Conrad J. Storad. p. cm. -- (My science library) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-61741-749-8 (Hard cover) (alk. paper) ISBN 978-1-61741-951-5 (Soft cover) 1. Climatology. 2. Weather. I. Title. QC854.S76 2012 551.6--dc22 2011004762 Rourke Publishing Printed in China, Power Printing Company Ltd Guangdong Province 042011 042011LP
www.rourkeclassroom.com -
[email protected] Post Office Box 643328 Vero Beach, Florida 32964
Table of Contents Weather or Climate? 4 Forecasting Weather Patterns 6 Extreme Weather 14 Show What You Know 22 Glossary 23 Index 24
Weather or Climate? Weather and climate shape the world in which we live. Weather is the current condition of the atmosphere. It includes temperature, wind speed, and precipitation. Weather is always changing. Climate is the pattern of weather over years or decades.
4
The c li arid, mate in a or ve ry dr desert is y, cli mate an .
5
Forecasting Weather Patterns Scientists who study weather patterns are called meteorologists. They record weather data such as temperature and precipitation. They also track storms. A we a infor ther map m show s the t ation. It migh lots of empe ts ra parts of th tures in d how e cou i ntry fferent or w orld.
6
Some s chase cientists a s learn torms. T ctually he h how ow storm y want t o fast t hey m s form an d ove.
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Scientists who study climate are called climatologists. They study how the weather and climate were in the past to try and understand how they might be in the future.
study s t s i olog t a its m d li c n a e tic. ge c n r Som a A h the te c clima effects in e futur
8
9
Meteorologists and climatologists use many tools to collect weather data.
Rain Gauge A rain gauge measures the amount of rain that falls in one location.
10
Wind Sock A wind sock attached to a pole shows which direction the wind is blowing.
Computers analyze the data collected by different tools to help meteorologists and climatologists forecast weather patterns and create climate models.
Weather Balloon Scientists use weather balloons to carry special devices high into the sky to gather weather information.
Weather Satellite Weather satellites orbit the Earth in outer space. They use cameras and other equipment to track all kinds of extreme weather. 11
Clouds give meteorologists clues about weather patterns. Clouds are made of water or ice droplets, too.
12
Stratus Clouds Flat, gray clouds that hang low in the sky. Fog is a stratus cloud at ground level.
Cumulus Clouds Big, white, fluffy clouds usually mean fair weather is ahead unless they grow tall, in which case it could become rainy.
When a cloud contains excess water or ice, it falls to Earth as precipitation. It can be rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
Cumulonimbus Clouds These clouds often bring thunderstorms.
Cirrus Clouds Thin, wispy clouds that form very high in the sky.
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Extreme Weather When too much or not enough precipitation falls, we can have extreme weather. A drought occurs when there is lower than normal rainfall for an extended period of time.
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Whe n mon rain does th n can d s or years ot fall fo r , ry ou t and the groun d crack apart .
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A flood occurs when a lot of rain falls in a short time and water levels rise quickly. This can cause a stream, river, or lake to overflow its normal banks. A flash flood has the fastest-moving water and can quickly demolish almost everything in its path.
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troy s e d can s r e t lots wa e s d u o a Flo and c s e hom age. m of da 17
A tornado is a powerful rotating column of air that travels across the ground at speeds as high as 70 miles per hour (113 kilometers per hour). A tornado makes a roar as loud as a train.
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A tor n cloud ado’s spin n i destr s a powe ing funn el uctiv r e for ful, ce.
Mete o radar rologists us t the p o help th e Dopple em p o redic r torna ssible dev t does e and t lopment hund o ersto f rms.
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Hurricanes and typhoons are very powerful storms. When they hit land they can do great damage with their fierce winds, heavy rains, inland flooding, and huge waves crashing ashore. Hurr ica fly ri ne hunte gh r hurri t into the airplanes ca e mass ne to stu ye of a ive s torm dy the s.
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ws a o h s age m i t of s e t o i l l m sate ing This ne cover a. id ca hurri te of Flor ta the s
FLORIDA
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1. What is the difference between
weather and climate?
2. What kinds of tools do scientists use
to study weather and climate?
3. Describe one kind of extreme weather.
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Glossary climate (KLYE-mit): weather typical of a place over a long period of time climatologists (KLYE-muh-tahl-uh-jists): scientists who study weather patterns over long periods of time drought (DROUT): a long period of time with reduced rainfall hurricanes (HUR-I-kanez): violent storms with heavy rain and high winds meteorologists (mee-tee-uh-RAH-luh-jists): scientists who study the Earth’s atmosphere precipitation (pri-sip-i-TAY-shuhn): water that falls from the sky in the form of rain, sleet, hail, or snow tornado (tor-NAY-doh): a violent and very destructive windstorm that appears from a dark cloud shaped like a funnel weather (WETH-ur): the condition of the atmosphere at a particular time and place
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Index cloud(s) 12, 13, 18 climate 4, 5, 8, 11 climatologists 8, 10, 11 drought 14 forecast 11 hurricane(s) 20, 21 meteorologist(s) 6, 10, 11, 12
radar 19 satellite(s) 11, 21 scientist(s) 6, 7, 8, 11 temperature 4, 6 tornado(es) 18, 19 typhoons 20
Websites www.theweatherchannelkids.com/ www.wxdude.com/kidres.html www.tornadochaser.com www.weatherwizkids.com” Photo by Tom Story
About the Author Conrad J. Storad is the award-winning author of more than 30 books for young readers. He writes about desert animals, plants, creepy crawlers, and planets. Conrad lives in Tempe, Arizona with his wife Laurie and their little double dapple wiener dog, Sophia. They love to explore Arizona’s deserts and mountains.
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Comprehension & Extension:
Sight Words I Used:
• Summarize:
How does weather affect climate? What are some different types of weather?
•
Text to Self Connection:
that they what when
Have you ever experienced dangerous weather? What did you do?
Vocabulary Check:
• Extension: Compare and Contrast. Choose two types of weather from the book. Compare and contrast the two types.
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Use glossary words in a sentence.
